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https://www.gamedev.net/blogs/entry/220022-codin-frenzy/

• entries 740 957 • views 731756 # Codin' Frenzy! 205 views Wednesday, October 20th Well I managed to accomplish quite a lot in just four hours of coding tonight. I'm still working on Tanto, the log reporter for my Katana engine. I started posting about it back on the 1st of this month. Tonight my goal was to code the log data loading system, which I did - yey. I only coded in loading for text output messages, but that's a good start. Some highlights: I was stymied for a bit trying to decide how to define what output type got assiged what color. At first I thought of just randomly choosing RGB values, but that could produce colors that wouldn't read well on the screen. Finally I came up with using an image as a palette. I simply create a bitmap with each pixel a different color, aligned in a row. I then load in the bitmap, lock the surface, and use a GetPixel() function to get and store the color of each pixel. Ta da! Now I have colors to assign to text output types, and I can change those colors without having to recode anything. Another problem I had was a result of a new feature I wanted to implement in my loging system. Currently the logger dumps everything to a file in real time. This can drag performance, having to keep a file open and writing to it possibly dozens of times per frame. Instead I want to impliment a memory buffer and a dump limit. So when something's sent to the log system to be outputted to a file, instead it's stashed in memory. If the used memory exceeds a set limit, it dumps its contents to a file and clears the buffer for new data. So if you have a small buffer and play long enough, you could end up with more than one log file. The multiple log files will have numbered extensions, like RAR files: debug.log1, debug.log2, debug.log3, etc. When the app shuts down, it will dump the remains of the buffer into debug.log, along with the log header. Now, how do I open and input data from multiple files? I don't use recursive functions much, but this was a situation too good to pass up. The user opens the main log file (with the .log extension) and at the top there's a batch number. The function then appends that batch number onto the log file path and calls itself. So say we have 3 batch files: LoadData("debug.log"){ // opens file, batch number is 3 LoadData("debug.log3") { // opens file, batch number is 2 LoadData("debug.log2") { // opens file, batch number is 1 LoadData("debug.log1") { // opens file, batch number is 0 // begin loading data } // load data } // load data } // finish loading data} Suhweeeeeet. Thanks to the wonderfulness that is recursion, I can now dump log data into multiple log files, and then load that data in proper order. Take notes kids. So that's really all the cool stuff I did tonight. Now that I've figured out the new format for my log text, I can change the way I log stuff in the engine. I've got this warm happy fuzzy feeling you get when know you've coded something proper. I'm going to wait until tomorrow to test it, because my fuzzy feeling'll prob go away quick when the damn logistical errors crop up, like they always do. So... off for some cherry pie, cookies and brownies - celebration time for a job well done! • Random Observation of the Day!!!! Brownies and Coke do NOT, I repeat, do NOT mix well!! No problem-o - I drank Root Beer [smile] ## Create an account Register a new account

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https://bitbucket.org/evzijst/interruptingcow

Interrupting Cow Interruptingcow is a generic utility that can relatively gracefully interrupt your Python code when it doesn't execute within a specific number of seconds: from interruptingcow import timeout try: with timeout(5, exception=RuntimeError): # perform a potentially very slow operation pass except RuntimeError: print "didn't finish within 5 seconds" Timeouts are specified in seconds (as floats with theoretical microsecond precision). Installation \$ pip install interruptingcow Reentrant Interruptingcow is fully reentrant, which means that you can have nested timeouts: from interruptingcow import timeout class Outer(RuntimeError): pass class Inner(RuntimeError): pass try: with timeout(20.0, Outer): try: with timeout(1.0, Inner): # some expensive operation try_the_expensive_thing() except Inner: except Outer: print 'Program as a whole failed to return in 20 secs' Nested timeouts allow a large outer timeout to contain smaller timeouts. If the inner timeout is larger than the outer timeout, it is treated as a no-op. Function Decorators Interruptingcow can be used both as inline with-statements, as shown in the above examples, as well as function decorator: from interruptingcow import timeout @timeout(.5) def foo(): with timeout(.3): # some expensive operation pass Quotas You can allocate a quota of time and then share it across multiple invocations to timeout(). This is especially useful if you need to use timeouts inside a loop: from interruptingcow import timeout, Quota quota = Quota(1.0) for i in something: try: with timeout(quota, RuntimeError): # perform a slow operation pass except RuntimeError: # do a cheaper thing instead Here the first iterations of the loop will be able to perform the expensive operation, until the shared quota of 1 second runs out and then the remaining iterations will perform the cheaper alternative. A single quota instance can also be shared across all calls to timeout() your application makes (including nested calls), to give place an upper bound on the total runtime, regardless of how many calls to timeout() you have. Caveats Interruptingcow uses signal(SIGALRM) to let the operating system interrupt program execution. This has the following limitations: 1. Python signal handlers only apply to the main thread, so you cannot use this from other threads 2. You must not use this in a program that uses SIGALRM itself (this includes certain profilers)

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http://www.koreascience.or.kr/article/ArticleFullRecord.jsp?cn=DHJGHA_2015_v64n4_303

Effect of KOH Electrolyte and H2O2 Depolarizer on the Power Characteristics of Al/Air Fuel Cells Title & Authors Effect of KOH Electrolyte and H2O2 Depolarizer on the Power Characteristics of Al/Air Fuel Cells Kim, Yong-Hyuk; Abstract The effects of additive such as $\small{H_2O_2}$ in KOH electrolyte solution for the Aluminum/Air fuel cell were investigated with regard to electric power characteristics. The power generated by a Al/Air fuel cell was controlled by the KOH electrolyte solution and $\small{H_2O_2}$ depolarizer. Higher cell power was achieved when higher KOH electrolyte concentration and higher $\small{H_2O_2}$ depolarizer amount. The maximum power was increased by the increase amount $\small{H_2O_2}$ depolarizer, it was found that $\small{H_2O_2}$ depolarizer inhibits the generation of hydrogen and the polarization effect was reduced as a result. Internal resistance analysis was employed to elucidate the maximum power variation. Higher internal resistance created internal potential differences that drive current dissipating energy. In order to improve the output characteristics of the Al/Air fuel cell, it is thought to be desirable to increase the KOH electrolyte concentration and increase the $\small{H_2O_2}$ addition amounts. Keywords Al/Air fuel cell;KOH electrolyte;$\small{H_2O_2}$ depolarizer;Maximum power;Internal resistance;polarization effect; Language Korean Cited by References 1. S. Yang and H. Knickle, "Design and analysis of aluminium/air battery system for electric vehicles", J. Power Sources 112, pp. 162-173, 2002 2. J. F. Coper and E. L Littauer, "Handbook of batteries and fuel cells, London, McGraw-Hill, p. 30, 1984 3. K. F. Blurton and A. F. Sammells, "Metal-Air batteries : Their Status and potential-A Review", J. Power Sources 4 : p. 263, 1979 4. l. lliev, A. Kaisheva, Z. Stoynov, H. J. Pauling, "Mechanically rechargeable zinc-air cells", Advanced materials ICAM 97, June pp. 16-20, Strasbourg, 1997 5. A. R. Despic, D. M. Drazic and P. M. Miloven, "Electrochemically active aluminium alloy, the method of its preparation and use, US patent 4,098,606, 1978 6. P. W. jeffrey, W. Halliop and F. N. Smith, " Aluminium anode alloy, US patent 451,086, 1988 7. MagPower Systems Inc.,"Magnesium Air Fuel Cell (MAFC) Data sheet", 1480 Foster ]Street, Suite 20,White Rock, British Columbia|V4B 3X7Canada, 1999 8. A. Perujo and K.Douglas, "Storage technology report", WPST 9-Metal/Air, 2002 9. J. B. Benziger et al., " The power performance curve for engineering analysis of fuel cells", J. Power Source, vol. 155, pp. 272-285, 2006

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https://brilliant.org/problems/roots-of-polynomial/

# Roots of Polynomial Algebra Level 3 If $$a,b,c$$ are the distinct roots of $$x^3-7x^2-6x+5=0$$, Find the value of $$(a+b)(b+c)(a+c)$$. ×

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http://crypto.stackexchange.com/questions/16083/computational-diffie-hellman-problem-over-the-group-of-quadratic-residues

Computational Diffie-Hellman problem over the group of quadratic residues Suppose that $N=pq$ where $p$ and $q$ are safe primes. $\mathbb{QR}_N$ is the group of quadratic residues which is a cyclic group with order $\frac{\phi(N)}{4}$. Let $g$ be the generator of $\mathbb{QR}_N$. The computational Diffie-Hellman problem is defined as : given $U=g^u\in\mathbb{QR}_N$ and $V=g^v\in\mathbb{QR}_N$ where $u,v$ are chosen uniformly at random from $\mathbb{Z}_{\frac{\phi(N)}{4}}$, compute $CDH(U,V)=g^{uv}$. Now, if $N$ can be efficiently factored, then computing $CDH(U,V)=g^{uv}$ is still hard ? - That depends entirely on the size of $p$ and $q$. Given a factorization of $N = pq$, an attacker can compute $g^u \bmod p$ and $g^v \bmod p$, and then attempt to solve the CDH problem modulo $p$, giving him $g^{uv} \bmod p$. Then, he can then compute $g^u \bmod q$ and $g^v \bmod q$, and then attempt to solve the CDH problem modulo $q$, giving him $g^{uv} \bmod q$. Then, he can combine them to form $g^{uv} \bmod pq$. The only parts that might not be straightforward is the CDH problem modulo $p$ and $q$ -- if one if the two primes is large enough to make this infeasible, then he cannot do that (and conversely, if he cannot solve the CDH problem modulo $p$, he obviously cannot solve it modulo $pq$. - how large of $p$ or $q$ at least to make sure the hardness of $CDH(U,V) \pmod{p}$ or $CDH(U,V) \pmod{q}$ ? –  T.B May 9 at 1:58 @Alex: Well, with the Number Field Sieve, a large and determined attacker is known to be able to compute discrete logs of 768 bits (they've factored numbers that large, and NFS can be used to compute discrete logs of the same size without too much more work), and (depending on the amount of resources available), possibly a bit more. 1024 bits may be safe for now. –  poncho May 9 at 2:02 so if the CDH assumption over $\mathbb{QR}_N$ holds, then CDH assumption $\pmod{p}$ or CDH assumption $\pmod{q}$ may not hold; from other direction if CDH assumption $\pmod{p}$ or CDH assumption $\pmod{q}$ holds ,then certainly CDH assumption over $\mathbb{QR}_N$ holds. If I want to use this correctly, I'd better supposing CDH assumption $\pmod{p}$ or CDH assumption $\pmod{q}$ holds, is that right? –  T.B May 9 at 2:22 @Alex: as for CDH over $N$ does not imply CDH over $p$, well, that's obvious; consider $N = 7p$ where $p$ is a large safe-prime; the CDH problem over 7 is known to be easy. Now, it's possible that CDH over $N$ might be difficult even if CDH over $p$ and $q$ is feasible; that would require that $N$ be hard to factor. Also: is there a specific reason why you're asking for CDH over a composite? CDH over a prime of the same size is much safer. –  poncho May 9 at 2:40

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http://math.stackexchange.com/questions/153902/un-countable-union-of-open-sets

# (Un-)Countable union of open sets Let $A_i$ be open subsets of $\Omega$. Then $A_0 \cap A_1$ and $A_0 \cup A_1$ are open sets as well. Thereby follows, that also $\bigcap_{i=1}^N A_i$ and $\bigcup_{i=1}^N A_i$ are open sets. My question is, does thereby follow that $\bigcap_{i \in \mathbb{N}} A_i$ and $\bigcup_{i \in \mathbb{N}} A_i$ are open sets as well? And what about $\bigcap_{i \in I} A_i$ and $\bigcup_{i \in I} A_i$ for uncountabe $I$? - Ok, it is an axiom for a topologies. But then there should be a proof for metrik spaces, say $\mathbb{R}$ with the canonical metrik? So to say, that every point $x \in \bigcap_{i \in I} A_i$ is an inner point. –  Haatschii Jun 4 '12 at 20:16 A remark: regardless of whether it is true that an infinite union or intersection of open sets is open, when you have a property that holds for every finite collection of sets (in this case, the union or intersection of any finite collection of open sets is open) the validity of the property for an infinite collection doesn't follow from that. In other words, induction helps you prove a proposition for any natural number, but not for any transfinite cardinal. You'll have to use different techniques to prove or disprove the statement in your questions. –  talmid Jun 4 '12 at 20:43 The union of any collection of open sets is open. Let $x \in \bigcup_{i \in I} A_i$, with $\{A_i\}_{i\in I}$ a collection of open sets. Then, $x$ is an interior point of some $A_k$ and there is an open ball with center $x$ contained in $A_k$, therefore contained in $\bigcup_{i \in I} A_i$, so this union is open. Others have given a counterexample for the infinite intersection of open sets, which isn't necessarily open. By de Morgan's laws, the intersection of any collection of closed sets is closed (try to prove this), but consider the union of $\{x\}_{x\in (0,1)}$, which is $(0,1)$, not closed. The union of an infinite collection of closed sets isn't necessarily closed. - Any union of a set of open sets is again open. However, infinite intersections of open sets need not be open. For example, the intersection of intervals $(-1/n,1/n)$ on the real line (for positive integers $n$) is precisely the singleton $\{0\}$, which is not open. - An arbitrary union (coutable or not) of open sets is open, but even for a countable intersection it's not true in general. For example, when $\Omega$ is the real line endowed with the usual topology, and $A_i:=\left(-\frac 1i,\frac 1i\right)$, $A_i$ is open but $\bigcap_{i\in \Bbb N}A_i=\{0\}$ which is not open. - Moreover (exercise for the reader), any subset of the ambient space (e.g. the reals) can be written as the intersection of some collection of open sets. –  Dave L. Renfro Jun 4 '12 at 21:51 @DaveL.Renfro: can you give some hints how to prove this? –  Thomas E. Jun 5 '12 at 11:28 Actually, Dave's assertion fails for the indiscrete topology... –  GEdgar Jun 5 '12 at 12:16 @Thomas E.: Assume singleton sets are closed sets (to take care of GEdgar's observation). Then, given any subset $E,$ we can write $E$ as the union of a collection of singleton sets (use the points belonging to $E$), and hence $E$ can be written as the union of a collection of closed sets. By applying De Morgan's Law, we can now write the complement of $E$ as the intersection of a collection of open sets (the open sets will be co-singleton sets). Finally, note that as $E$ varies over all subsets of the ambient space, the complement of $E$ will vary over all subsets of the ambient space. –  Dave L. Renfro Jun 5 '12 at 16:25 @DaveL.Renfro. True, I didn't somehow even think about that :-) So $T_{1}$ would be the least requirement for this construction. –  Thomas E. Jun 5 '12 at 19:32

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https://socratic.org/questions/how-do-you-divide-3x-4-2x-3-5x-2-4x-2-div-x-1-using-synthetic-division

Precalculus Topics # How do you divide (3x^4-2x^3+5x^2-4x-2)div(x+1) using synthetic division? May 8, 2017 The remainder is $= 12$ and the quotient is $= 3 {x}^{3} - 5 {x}^{2} + 10 x - 14$ #### Explanation: Let's perform the synthetic division Let $f \left(x\right) = 3 {x}^{4} - 2 {x}^{3} + 5 {x}^{2} - 4 x - 2$ Let's perform the synthetic division $\textcolor{w h i t e}{a a a a}$$- 1$$\textcolor{w h i t e}{a a a a a}$$|$$\textcolor{w h i t e}{a a a a}$$3$$\textcolor{w h i t e}{a a a a a a}$$- 2$$\textcolor{w h i t e}{a a a a a a}$$5$$\textcolor{w h i t e}{a a a a a}$$- 4$$\textcolor{w h i t e}{a a a a a}$$- 2$ $\textcolor{w h i t e}{a a a a a a a a a a a a}$_________ $\textcolor{w h i t e}{a a a a}$$\textcolor{w h i t e}{a a a a a a a}$$|$$\textcolor{w h i t e}{a a a a}$$\textcolor{w h i t e}{a a a a a a a}$$- 3$$\textcolor{w h i t e}{a a a a a a a}$$5$$\textcolor{w h i t e}{a a a a a}$$- 10$$\textcolor{w h i t e}{a a a a}$$14$ $\textcolor{w h i t e}{a a a a a a a a a a a a}$________ $\textcolor{w h i t e}{a a a a}$$\textcolor{w h i t e}{a a a a a a a}$$|$$\textcolor{w h i t e}{a a a a}$$3$$\textcolor{w h i t e}{a a a a a a}$$- 5$$\textcolor{w h i t e}{a a a a a a a}$$10$$\textcolor{w h i t e}{a a a a}$$- 14$$\textcolor{w h i t e}{a a a a a}$$\textcolor{red}{12}$ $f \left(x\right) = \left(3 {x}^{3} - 5 {x}^{2} + 10 x - 14\right) + \frac{12}{x + 1}$ The remainder is $= - 2$ ##### Impact of this question 1574 views around the world You can reuse this answer

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https://linearalgebras.com/understanding-analysis-exercise-4-2.html

If you find any mistakes, please make a comment! Thank you. ## Solution to Understanding Analysis Exercise 4.2 ##### Exercise 4.2.1 See Understanding Analysis Instructors’ Solution Manual Exercise 4.2.5 ##### Exercise 4.2.2 (a) We would like $|(5x-6)-9|<1$, that is $|5(x-3)|<1$. Hence we need$|x-3|<\frac{1}{5}.$Therefore, the largest possible $\delta$ is $\dfrac{1}{5}$. (b) We would like $|\sqrt{x}-2|<1$, that is$-1<\sqrt{x}-2<1\Longrightarrow 1<\sqrt{x}<3.$Hence we need $1<x < 9$, which also implies$-3< x-4<5.$Therefore, we must have$|x-4|<\min\{|-3|,|5|\}=3.$The largest possible $\delta$ is $3$. (c) We would like $|[[x]]-3|<1$. Since $[[x]]$ is an integer, this may happen only if $[[x]]=3$, therefore $3\leqslant x<4$. We need$3-\pi \leqslant x-\pi < 4-\pi.$Hence$|x-\pi|<\min \{|3-\pi|,|4-\pi|\}=\pi-3.$The largest possible $\delta$ is $\pi-3$. (d) We would like $|[[x]]-3|<0.01$. Since $[[x]]$ is an integer, this may happen only if $[[x]]=3$, therefore $3\leqslant x<4$. We need$3-\pi \leqslant x-\pi < 4-\pi.$Hence$|x-\pi|<\min \{|3-\pi|,|4-\pi|\}=\pi-3.$The largest possible $\delta$ is $3$. ##### Exercise 4.2.3 See Understanding Analysis Instructors’ Solution Manual Exercise 4.2.4 ##### Exercise 4.2.4 (a) We would like$\left|\frac{1}{[[x]]}-\frac{1}{10}\right|<\frac{1}{2},$namely$-\frac12<\frac{1}{[[x]]}-\frac{1}{10}<\frac{1}{2}.$Therefore$-\frac{2}{5}<\frac{1}{[[x]]}<\dfrac{3}{5}.$Since $[[x]]$ cannot be zero, we have $x\geqslant 1$. Then we have $[[x]]>\frac{3}{5}$. Because $[[x]]$ is an integer, $[[x]]\geqslant 2$. Thus $x\geqslant 2$ and $x-10\geqslant -8$. We have $|x-10|\leqslant 8$. Therefore the largest possible $\delta$ is $8$. (b) We would like$\left|\frac{1}{[[x]]}-\frac{1}{10}\right|<\frac{1}{50},$namely$-\frac{1}{50}<\frac{1}{[[x]]}-\frac{1}{10}<\frac{1}{50}.$Therefore$\frac{2}{25}<\frac{1}{[[x]]}<\frac{3}{25}.$Hence $\frac{25}{3}<[[x]]<\frac{25}{2}.$Because $[[x]]$ is an integer, $9\leqslant [[x]]\leqslant 12$. Thus $9\leqslant x < 13$ and $-1\leqslant x-10\leqslant 3$. We have $|x-10|\leqslant 1$. Therefore the largest possible $\delta$ is $1$. (c) The largest $\varepsilon$ satisfying the property is $\dfrac{1}{90}$. For any $V_{\varepsilon}(10)$, there is a number $x$ in it such that $9<x<10$ . Hence $[[x]]=9$, we have$\frac{1}{[[x]]}-\frac{1}{10}=\frac{1}{90}.$Hence there is no suitable $\delta$ response possible. ##### Exercise 4.2.5 (a) Let $\varepsilon>0$. Definition 4.2.1 requires that we produce a $\delta>0$ so that $0<|x-2|<\delta$ leads to the conlcusion $|(3x+4)-10|<\varepsilon$. Note that$|(3x+4)-10|=|3x-6|=3|x-2|.$Thus if we choose $\delta=\varepsilon/3$, then $0<|x-2|<\delta$ implies $|(3x+4)-10|<\varepsilon$. (b) Let $\varepsilon>0$. Definition 4.2.1 requires that we produce a $\delta>0$ so that $0<|x|<\delta$ leads to the conlcusion $|x^3|<\varepsilon$. Note that$|x^3|=|3x-6|=|x|^3.$Thus if we choose $\delta=\sqrt[3]{\varepsilon}$, then $0<|x|<\delta$ implies $$|x^3-0|=|x|^3<(\sqrt[3]{\varepsilon})^3=\varepsilon.$$(c) Let $\varepsilon>0$. Definition 4.2.1 requires that we produce a $\delta>0$ so that $0<|x-2|<\delta$ leads to the conlcusion $|(x^2+x-1)-5|<\varepsilon$. Note that$|(x^2+x-1)-5|=|x-2|\cdot |x+3|.$We can choose $\delta\leqslant 1$, then $|x+3|\leqslant 6$. Thus if we choose $\delta=\min \{1, \varepsilon/6\}$, then $0<|x|<\delta$ implies $$|(x^2+x-1)-5|=|x-2|\cdot |x+3|<\frac{\varepsilon}{6}\cdot 6=\varepsilon.$$(d) Let $\varepsilon>0$. Definition 4.2.1 requires that we produce a $\delta>0$ so that $0<|x-3|<\delta$ leads to the conlcusion $|1/x-1/3|<\varepsilon$. Note that$\left|\frac{1}{x}-\frac{1}{3}\right|=\frac{|x-3|}{3|x|}.$We can choose $\delta\leqslant 1$, then $2\leqslant |x|\leqslant 4$. Thus if we choose $\delta=\min \{1, 6\varepsilon\}$, then $0<|x-3|<\delta$ implies $$\left|\frac{1}{x}-\frac{1}{3}\right|=\frac{|x-3|}{3|x|}<\frac{6\varepsilon}{3\cdot 2}=\varepsilon.$$ ##### Exercise 4.2.6 (a) True. A property is true for some set, then it is also true for a subset of this set. (b) False. In the Definition 4.2.1, the value of $f(a)$ is not involved. In general, it can be any number. (c) True by Corollary 4.2.4. (d) False. Take the example $f(x)=x-a$ and $g(x)=1/(x-a)$ with domain $\mb R\setminus \{a\}$. Then $\lim_{x\to a}f(x)g(x)=1$. ##### Exercise 4.2.7 See Understanding Analysis Instructors’ Solution Manual Exercise 4.2.6 ##### Exercise 4.2.8 (a) Does not exist. Note that $\lim(2-1/n)=2$ and $\lim (2+1/n)=2$, however$\lim f(2-1/n)=-1,\quad \lim f(2+1/n)=1.$By Corollary 4.2.5, limit $\lim_{x\to 2}f(x)$ does not exist. (b) The limit is 1. For $0<\delta<1/4$ and any $x\in V_{\delta}(7/4)$, we have $x<2$. Hence $f(x)=-1$, for all $x\in V_{\delta}(7/4)$. Hence the limit is 1. (c) Does not exist. Note that $\lim 1/(2n+1)=0$ and $\lim 1/(2n)=0$, however$\lim f(1/(2n+1))=\lim (-1)^{2n+1}=-1,$$\lim f(1/(2n))=\lim (-1)^{2n}=1.$By Corollary 4.2.5, limit $\lim_{x\to 0}f(x)$ does not exist. (d) The limit is zero. For any $\varepsilon>0$, let $0<|x|<\varepsilon^3$, then$|\sqrt[3]{x}(-1)^{[[1/x]]}|=|\sqrt[3]{x}|<\varepsilon.$Hence the limit is zero. ##### Exercise 4.2.9 See Understanding Analysis Instructors’ Solution Manual Exercise 4.2.7 ##### Exercise 4.2.10 (a) We say that $\lim_{x\to a^+}f(x)=L$ provided that, for all $\varepsilon >0$, there exists a $\delta>0$ such that whenever $0< x- a<\delta$ it follows that $|f(x)-L|<\varepsilon$. We say that $\lim_{x\to a^-}f(x)=M$ provided that, for all $\varepsilon >0$, there exists a $\delta>0$ such that whenever $0< a-x<\delta$ it follows that $|f(x)-M|<\varepsilon$. (b) By definition, it is clear that if $\lim_{x\to a}f(x)=L$ then both the right and left-hand limits equal $L$. Conversely, if both the right and left-hand limits equal $L$. Since the right limit is $L$, for all $\varepsilon >0$, there exists a $\delta_1>0$ such that whenever $0< x- a<\delta_1$ it follows that $|f(x)-L|<\varepsilon$. Since the left limit is $L$, for all $\varepsilon >0$, there exists a $\delta_2>0$ such that whenever $0< a- x<\delta_2$ it follows that $|f(x)-L|<\varepsilon$. Let $\delta=\min\{\delta_1,\delta_2\}$, then whenever $0<|x-a|< \delta$, we have $|f(x)-L|<\varepsilon$. Hence $\lim_{x\to a}f(x)=L$. ##### Exercise 4.2.11 See Understanding Analysis Instructors’ Solution Manual Exercise 4.2.9

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https://studyadda.com/solved-papers/solved-paper-science-2017-delhi-set-i_q10/565/321576

• # question_answer An element P (atomic number 20) reacts with an element Q (atomic number 17) to form a compound. Answer the following questions giving reason: Write the position of P and Q in the Modern Periodic Table and the molecular formula of the compound formed when P reacts with Q. P = 20: 2, 8, 8, 2 Q =17: 2, 8, 7 P = Period 4 and Group 2 Q = Period 3 and Group 17 Hence formula of the compound formed between P and Q is $P{{Q}_{2}}$

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https://physics.stackexchange.com/questions/306515/mean-field-equations-in-the-bcs-theory-of-superconductivity/327425

# Mean field equations in the BCS theory of superconductivity In BCS theory, one takes the model Hamiltonian $$\sum_{k\sigma} (E_k-\mu)c_{k\sigma}^\dagger c_{k\sigma} +\sum_{kk'}V_{kk'}c_{k\uparrow}^\dagger c_{-k\downarrow}^\dagger c_{-k'\downarrow} c_{k'\uparrow}$$ This Hamiltonian clearly conserves particle number. Thus, we expect the ground state to have a definite particle number. It's possible the ground state is degenerate, but that could be lifted by perturbing $\mu$. Then, one makes a mean field approximation. One replaces $$c_{k\uparrow}^\dagger c_{-k\downarrow}^\dagger c_{-k'\downarrow} c_{k'\uparrow}$$ with $$\langle c_{k\uparrow}^\dagger c_{-k\downarrow}^\dagger\rangle c_{-k'\downarrow} c_{k'\uparrow}+c_{k\uparrow}^\dagger c_{-k\downarrow}^\dagger \langle c_{-k'\downarrow} c_{k'\uparrow}\rangle-\langle c_{k\uparrow}^\dagger c_{-k\downarrow}^\dagger\rangle \langle c_{-k'\downarrow} c_{k'\uparrow}\rangle$$ This doesn't make any sense to me. This seems to be saying that we know the terms $c_{k\uparrow}^\dagger c_{-k\downarrow}^\dagger$ and $c_{-k'\downarrow} c_{k'\uparrow}$ don't fluctuate much around their mean values. But we also know that in the actual ground state, the mean values are given by $\langle c_{-k'\downarrow} c_{k'\uparrow}\rangle=\langle c_{k\uparrow}^\dagger c_{-k\downarrow}^\dagger\rangle=0$ since the ground state will have definite particle number. Thus the fluctuations about the mean value aren't small compared to the mean value. How can this mean field treatment be justified? • Maybe this helps : link.springer.com/article/10.1007/BF02731446 – jjcale Jan 23 '17 at 22:12 • @JahanClaes I think I start understanding your problem. Is it because in the superconducting construction, you feel that one continues to suppose the ground state $\left|N\right\rangle$ is a Fermi sea, for which one should clearly get $\left\langle N\right|cc\left|N\right\rangle =0$, whereas one supposes in contrary that $\left\langle N-2\right|cc\left|N\right\rangle \propto\Delta\neq0$ when constructing the BCS order parameter $\Delta$ ? Is that your problem ? – FraSchelle Jan 27 '17 at 5:23 • @JahanClaes Otherwise, an other way to justify the mean-field approximation is given in this answer : physics.stackexchange.com/a/257639/16689. It is the same thing as below [physics.stackexchange.com/a/257639/16689]. Questions about the symmetry breaking get partial answer here physics.stackexchange.com/questions/133780/… and question about particle number conservation get partial answer here : physics.stackexchange.com/questions/44565/… – FraSchelle Jan 27 '17 at 5:31 • But if you want to understand why one must enlarge the class of accessible ground state(s) when discussing second order symmetry breaking, and in particular for the case of superconductivity, then you first have to restate your question, because it is not clear at all (it took me 3 days to understand it ...), then I may give an answer if I have time to write it. This question is indeed interesting, and I never tried to put words on it :-) – FraSchelle Jan 27 '17 at 5:35 • A lot of the confusion here comes from people taking the mean field approach too literally. No matter how you count, the number of electrons in a superconductor is fixed. Pairing, etc. cannot change that. However, dealing with particle conservation is very unwieldy (think about dealingwith particle conservation in the microcanonical ensemble of a Fermi gas without a chemical potential!). I think the best reference on this issue of particle conservation is Tony Leggett's textbook "Quantum Liquids". He goes through the entire BCS calculation without forgoing electron number conservation. – KF Gauss Jan 31 '17 at 15:02 First, why do we choose those terms to put the brakets around? Do we somehow know that these are the terms that won't fluctuate much? The heuristic motivation is that the superconductivity phenomenon can be understood as the non-relativistic analog of the Higgs mechanism for the EM $U_{\text{EM}}(1)$ (this idea explains the main properties of the superconductor, such as absence of resistivity, magnetic field expulsion and other). For the Higgs mechanism one need a condensate of some particles. In the solid body, the only candidates are electrons. The simplest choice of the condensate is the scalar condensate (very-very heuristically, we require the Galilei invariance into the superconductor). Therefore the only allowed simplest scalar bounded state $|\psi\rangle$ is constructed from the electron pair with zero total spin, which can be imagine as two fermions moving in opposite directions: $$|\psi\rangle = c^{\dagger}_{\mathbf k, \uparrow}c^{\dagger}_{-\mathbf k, \downarrow}|0\rangle$$ This is indeed realized when we calculate the four-fermion vertex in the microscopic theory of electron-phonon interactions. Indeed, we start from the interaction Hamiltonian $$H_{\text{int}} = g\psi^{\dagger}\psi \varphi,$$ where $\psi$ is electron field, while $\varphi$ is phonon field, and assume the second order in $g$ diagrams of electron-electron scattering; let's denote their momenta as $\mathbf p_{i}$. After tedious calculations of the corresponding diagram one finds that the vertex $\Gamma^{(4)}(\mathbf{p}_{1},\mathbf{p}_{2},\mathbf{p}_{3},\mathbf{p}_{4})$ (with $\mathbf{q} = \mathbf{p}_{1} + \mathbf{p}_{2}$) has the pole at zero momentum $\mathbf q$ and zero total spin of fermions $1,2$ and $3,4$ or ($1,4$ and $2,3$). The pole quickly disappears once one enlarges $|\mathbf q|$. Finally, since 4-fermion vertex is expressed through two-particles Green $G^{(2)}$ function, then the presence of the pole in $\Gamma^{(4)}$ means the presence of the pole in $G^{(2)}$. This means that bounded states of electrons appear. Second, why can't we just immediately say $\langle c_{-k'\downarrow}c_{k'\uparrow}\rangle=\langle c_{k\uparrow}^\dagger c_{-k\downarrow}^\dagger\rangle=0$ since we know the ground state will have definite particle number, and $c_{-k'\downarrow} c_{k'\uparrow}$ and $c_{k\uparrow}^\dagger c_{-k\downarrow}^\dagger$ don't conserve particle number? (Added) Let's again use the idea of Higgs mechanism. It is clearly that the number of particles isn't strictly conserved in superconducting state. Really, because of the SSB of $U_{\text{EM}}(1)$ group the system loses the definition of the conserved particle number (being associated to the global phase invariance current) in the ground state. Microscopically the formation of the condensate is argued in a following way: the presence of the two-fermions bounded states leads to instability of the electron gas inside the superconductor, and fermions are converted in Cooper pairs. Really, for bosons the lowest energy state can be filled by infinitely many number of particles, while for fermions this is not true due to Pauli principle. This (under some assumptions, see below) leads to formation of new vacuum state on which the operator $\hat{c}^{\dagger}_{\mathbf k,\uparrow}\hat{c}^{\dagger}_{-\mathbf k, \downarrow}$ has non-zero VEV: $$\langle \text{vac} | \hat{c}^{\dagger}_{\mathbf p,\uparrow}\hat{c}^{\dagger}_{-\mathbf p, \downarrow}|\text{vac}\rangle = \Psi \neq 0$$ It's not hard to construct this state: $$|\text{vac}\rangle = \prod_{\mathbf k = \mathbf k_{1}...k_{\frac{N}{2}}}(u_{\mathbf k} + v_{\mathbf k}\hat{c}^{\dagger}_{\mathbf k,\uparrow}\hat{c}^{\dagger}_{-\mathbf k, \downarrow})|0\rangle, \quad |v_{\mathbf k}|^{2} + |u_{\mathbf k}|^{2} = 1$$ This state called the coherent state really doesn't have definite number of particles. For the particles number operator $\hat{N} = \sum_{\mathbf k}\hat{c}^{\dagger}_{\mathbf k,\uparrow}\hat{c}^{\dagger}_{-\mathbf k, \downarrow}$ the VEV $\langle \text{vac}|\hat{N}|\text{vac}\rangle$ is $$\tag 1 N = \langle \text{vac}|\hat{N}|\text{vac}\rangle \sim \sum_{\mathbf k}|v_{\mathbf k}|^{2},$$ Why the number of particles is not so indefinite However, the root $\sqrt{\Delta N^{2}}$ of quadratic deviation from while the quadratic deviation $\langle \text{vac}|(\hat{N} - N)^{2}|\text{vac}\rangle$ is $$\tag 2 \Delta N^{2} = \langle \text{vac}|(\hat{N} - N)^{2}|\text{vac}\rangle = \sum_{\mathbf k}|u_{\mathbf k}|^{2}|v_{\mathbf k}|^{2}$$ is negligible in the limit of large particle number (and volume). Really, both of $(1)$ and $(2)$ are proportional to the volume $V$ (note only one summation over wave-numbers $\mathbf k$ in $(2)$), and hence $\sqrt{\Delta N^{2}} \sim \sqrt{V}$ which is negligible in the large volume limit. This argument is seemed to be first published in the BCS article. (Added) This means that the state of superconductor with good accuracy can be projected on the state with definite particle number $N$. Precisely, define the phase dependent ground state $$|\text{vac}(\theta)\rangle = |\text{vac}[c^{\dagger}_{\mathbf k, \uparrow/\downarrow} \to c^{\dagger}_{\mathbf k, \uparrow/\downarrow}e^{-i\theta}]\rangle$$ The state with definite particle number $N$ is defined as $$|N\rangle = \int \limits_{0}^{2\pi} d\theta e^{i\hat{N}\theta}|\text{vac}(\theta)\rangle$$ • I understand why once you solve the mean field equations you get a state with non-definite particle number. But why doesn't imply that we've made a very bad mistake, since we know the ground state does have a definite particle number? – Jahan Claes Jan 21 '17 at 3:17 • @FraSchelle I don't think spontaneous symmetry breaking can be the cause of this, since even if the ground state is degenerate, that degeneracy must take place in a definite particle number sector. Or if it doesn't, it will upon perturbing $\mu$. – Jahan Claes Jan 23 '17 at 17:38 • @FraSchelle I'm not saying I'm smarter than Bardeen. I'm saying I don't understand why something happens, and I'd like a simple explanation why. – Jahan Claes Jan 25 '17 at 19:59 • Hi Jahan, while the above answer is correct you are justified in not being completely satisfied with the normal treatment of number conservation in BECs/superconductors and the relation to SSB. I strongly suggest you take a look at Leggett's book Quantum Liquids, chapter 2, which has a very interesting discussion about this. – Rococo Jan 26 '17 at 20:49 • @FraSchelle, the number of electrons in a material above and below the superconducting transition is fixed. Proof: charge conservation. The number of cooper pairs however is not fixed. There is plenty of discussion on number conservation and why it holds, but still can be put aside for calculations dating back even to Robert Schrieffer's thesis. – KF Gauss Jan 31 '17 at 15:10 After some thoughts, I think an other (and hopefully better) answer might go along the following lines, perhaps more rigorous. Nevertheless, I will not give the full mathematical details, since they require too much writing. At the heart of perturbative treatment of many-body problems lies the Wick theorem. For two body interaction of fermionic nature, it states that $$\left\langle c_{1}^{\dagger}c_{2}^{\dagger}c_{3}c_{4}\right\rangle =\left\langle c_{1}^{\dagger}c_{2}^{\dagger}\right\rangle \left\langle c_{3}c_{4}\right\rangle -\left\langle c_{1}^{\dagger}c_{3}\right\rangle \left\langle c_{2}^{\dagger}c_{4}\right\rangle +\left\langle c_{1}^{\dagger}c_{4}\right\rangle \left\langle c_{2}^{\dagger}c_{3}\right\rangle$$ As any theorem it can be rigorously proven. In fact, the proof is not that cumbersome, and I refer to where the demonstration is the same in both papers. The key point is that one needs a Gaussian state to demonstrate the theorem, namely one needs a statistical operator in the form $\rho=e^{-\sum\epsilon_{n}c_{n}^{\dagger}c_{n}}$. In any other case the Wick's decomposition does not work (or at least I'm not aware of such a decomposition). Importantly, the demonstration in the above references uses only the anti-commutation properties between the $c$'s operators. So any time one has a statistical average made over Gaussian states of some anti-commuting (i.e. fermionic) operators, the Wick's theorem applies. Now, the strategy of the mean-field treatment is the following. Write the Hamiltonian (I use the symbol $\sim$ to withdraw integrals and/or sums over all degrees of freedom) $$H\sim H_{0}+c_{1}^{\dagger}c_{2}^{\dagger}c_{3}c_{4} \sim H_{0}+H_{\text{m.f.}}+\delta H$$ with $H_{0}$ the free particle Hamiltonian (which can be written in the form $H_{0}\sim\epsilon_{n}c_{n}^{\dagger}c_{n}$ in a convenient basis), $H_{\text{m.f.}}=\Delta c_{1}^{\dagger}c_{2}^{\dagger}+\Delta^{\ast}c_{3}c_{4}$ the mean-field Hamiltonian, and $\delta H=c_{1}^{\dagger}c_{2}^{\dagger}c_{3}c_{4}-H_{\text{m.f.}}$ the correction to the mean-field Hamiltonian. The mean-field Hamiltonian can be diagonalised using a Bogliubov transformation, namely, one can write $$H_{0}+H_{\text{m.f.}}=\sum_{n}\epsilon_{n}\gamma_{n}^{\dagger}\gamma_{n}$$ where the $\gamma$'s are some fermionic operators verifying $$c_{i}=u_{ik}\gamma_{k}+v_{ik}\gamma_{k}^{\dagger}\\c_{i}^{\dagger}=u_{ik}^{\ast}\gamma_{k}^{\dagger}+v_{ik}^{\ast}\gamma_{k}$$ note: there are some constraints imposed on the $u$'s and $v$'s in order for the above Bogoliubov transformation to preserve the (anti-)commutation relation ; in that case one talks about canonical transformation, see • Fetter, A. L., & Walecka, J. D. (1971). Quantum theory of many-particle systems. MacGraw-Hill. for more details about canonical transformations. Once one knows a few properties of the mean-field ground state, one can show that $\lim_{N\rightarrow\infty}\left\langle \delta H\right\rangle \rightarrow0$ when $N$ represents the number of fermionic degrees of freedom, and the statistical average $\left\langle \cdots\right\rangle$ is performed over the mean-field ground state, namely $\left\langle \cdots\right\rangle =\text{Tr}\left\{ e^{-\sum\epsilon_{n}\gamma_{n}^{\dagger}\gamma_{n}}\cdots\right\}$. See • De Gennes, P.-G. (1999). Superconductivity of metals and alloys. Advanced Book Classics, Westview Press for a clear derivation of this last result. In fact deGennes shows how to choose the $u$ and $v$ in order for the Bogoliubov transformation to diagonalise the mean-field Hamiltonian, and then he shows that this choice leads to the best approximation of the zero-temperature ground state of the interacting (i.e. full) Hamiltonian. The idea to keep in mind is that the mean-field treatment works. Up to now, we nevertheless restrict ourself to operator formalism. When dealing with quantum field theory and its methods, one would prefer to use the Wick's theorem. So, now we come back to the Wick's decomposition. One can manipulate the statistical average and show that $$\left\langle c_{1}^{\dagger}c_{2}^{\dagger}\right\rangle =\text{Tr}\left\{ \rho c_{1}^{\dagger}c_{2}^{\dagger}\right\} \\=\text{Tr}\left\{ e^{-\varepsilon_{n}c_{n}^{\dagger}c_{n}}c_{1}^{\dagger}c_{2}^{\dagger}\right\} =\text{Tr}\left\{ c_{1}^{\dagger}c_{2}^{\dagger}e^{-\varepsilon_{n}c_{n}^{\dagger}c_{n}}\right\} =e^{-2\varepsilon_{n}}\text{Tr}\left\{ e^{-\varepsilon_{n}c_{n}^{\dagger}c_{n}}c_{1}^{\dagger}c_{2}^{\dagger}\right\} \\=e^{-2\varepsilon_{n}}\left\langle c_{1}^{\dagger}c_{2}^{\dagger}\right\rangle =0$$ using the cyclic property of the trace and the Bakker-Campbell-Hausdorf formula to pass the exponential from right to left of the two creation operators. The quantity should be zero because it is equal to itself multiplied by a positive quantity $e^{-2\varepsilon_{n}}$. The manipulation is the same as one does for the Wick's theorem, so I do not write it fully, check the above references. The conclusion is that clearly, the quantity $\left\langle c_{1}^{\dagger}c_{2}^{\dagger}\right\rangle$ is zero in the Wick's decomposition. But due to the Cooper problem (or what we learned from the mean-field treatment), one knows that we should not take the statistical average over the free fermions $e^{-\sum\varepsilon_{n}c_{n}^{\dagger}c_{n}}$, but over the Bogoliubov quasi-particles $e^{-\sum\epsilon_{n}\gamma_{n}^{\dagger}\gamma_{n}}$, since they represent the approximately true (in the limit of large $N$ it is exact) ground state. Say differently, the Fermi surface is not the ground state of the problem, and the statistical average should not be taken over this irrelevant ground state. We should choose instead the statistical average over the Bogoliubov's quasiparticles $\gamma$. Namely, one has $$\left\langle c_{1}^{\dagger}c_{2}^{\dagger}\right\rangle =\text{Tr}\left\{ e^{-\varepsilon_{n}\gamma_{n}^{\dagger}\gamma_{n}}c_{1}^{\dagger}c_{2}^{\dagger}\right\} \neq0$$ and this quantity is not zero, as you can check when writing the $c$'s in term of the $\gamma$'s. Importantly, note that the Wick's theorem can be prove rigorously for this statistical operator (see above). This complete the proof that the mean-field approximation can be made rigorous, and that one can take the quantity $\left\langle c_{1}^{\dagger}c_{2}^{\dagger}\right\rangle$ as the order parameter of a phase whose ground state is not filled with free electrons, but with Bogoliubov quasi-particles generated by the $\gamma$ operators. One usually refers to this ground state as the Cooper sea. If you expand the exponential with the $\gamma$'s over the zero-electron state noted $\left|0\right\rangle$, you will see you end up with something like $e^{-\sum\epsilon_{n}\gamma_{n}^{\dagger}\gamma_{n}}\left|0\right\rangle \sim\prod\left(u+vc_{1}^{\dagger}c_{2}^{\dagger}\right)\left|0\right\rangle$ which is the BCS Ansatz. Using rigorous notations you can make a rigorous proof of this last statement. Now if you want to make the derivation completely rigorous, it requires to demonstrate the Wick's theorem, to manipulate the mean-field Hamiltonian in order to show the Bogoliubov mean-field transformation works quite well, and to calculate the statistical average over the Bogoliubov ground state. This goes straightforwardly ... over many many pages which I'm too lazy to write here. I will try to answer the question : Why do we have to enlarge the number of possibilities for the ground state ? I guess this is at the heart of your problem. Before doing so, let us quickly discuss the notion of ground state itself, which are called Fermi sea in the case of fermion. # At the beginning: the Fermi surface or quasiparticles So at the beginning is a collection of fermions, and the notion of Fermi surface. An important element of the forthcoming discussion is the notion of quasiparticle. In condensed matter systems, the Fermi surface is not built from free electrons, or bare electrons, or genuine electrons. To understand how this notion comes in, let's take a free electron, i.e. a particle following the Dirac equation with charge $e$ and spin $1/2$, and put it into any material (say a semi-conductor or a metal for instance). By electrons any condensed matter physicist means that in a complex system (s)he studies, it is impossible to take into account all the possible interactions acting on the bare electron. Most of the interaction will be of bosonic nature (think especially about phonons). So one hopes that taking all the complicated bosonic interactions on the fermionic bare electron results in a composite particle which still has a fermionic statistics, and hopefully behaves as a Schrödinger equation, possibly with kinetic energy $E_{c}=\dfrac{p^{2}}{2m_{2}^{*}}+\dfrac{p^{4}}{4m_{4}^{*}}+\cdots$ with effective masses $m_{2}^{*}$ that one can suppose $p$-independent and possibly $m_{2}^{*}\ll m_{4}^{*}$, such that one has the usual Schrödinger equation. Note that • the Schrödinger equation is anyways invariant with respect to the statistics of the particle it describes • the above construction can be made a bit more rigorous using the tools of effective field theory and renormalisation The important thing is that these electrons are still fermions, and so they pile up to form a Fermi sea. From now on we write electrons or quasiparticle without making distinction, since in condensed matter there is only quasiparticle. A quasiparticle of charge $e$ and spin $1/2$ will be called an electron. A Fermi surface is a stable object, as has been discussed in an other question. Stable ? Well, not with respect to the Cooper mechanism, which allows bound states of electrons to be generated on top of a Fermi sea. These bound states are of charge $2e$ and their total spin makes them some kind of bosons. They are as well quasiparticles, but we will call them Cooper pairs, instead of quasiparticle of charge $2e$ and spin $1$ or $0$. Now we identified the ground state of a metal as a Fermi sea of fermionic quasiparticles called electrons, we can try to understand how this ground state becomes unstable and why we should then take into account several ground states, of possibly different statistical nature, as the bosonic versus fermionic ground state in a superconductor. The reason why we need to enlarge the available ground states is clearly due to the symmetry breaking, as we review now. # Symmetry breaking and space of ground states First, think about the para-ferromagnetic transition. Before the transition (paramagnetic phase) you can choose the orientation of the spin the way you want: they are random in the electron gas. A nice picture about that is to say: the Fermi surface is just the same for all the electrons. Now comes the ferromagnetic phase: the system chooses either to align all the spins in the up or down direction (of course the direction is not fixed and the system is still rotationally invariant unless a magnetic field is applied, but clearly the electron spins are polarised). What about the Fermi surface ? Well, it becomes two-fold ... There is now one Fermi surface for the spin-up electrons and one Fermi surface for the spin-down electron. So the number of available ground states increases. The link to the symmetry breaking is clear: the more you want of symmetries, the less possible states you allow. Say in the other way: breaking the symmetry allows for more states to exist. This is also quite straightforward from the following argument: once you allow an interaction responsible for the parra-to-ferro transition, you must first answer the question: is the unpolarised Fermi surface or one of the polarised Fermi surfaces the true ground state ? So you need a way to compare the spin-unpolarised and the spin-polarised ground states. So clearly the number of accessible ground states must be greater once a phase transition and a symmetry breaking is under the scope. Now, about superconductivity and the relation to symmetry breaking, I refer to this (about particle number conservation) and this (about the $\text{U }\left(1\right)\rightarrow\mathbb{Z}_{2}$ symmetry breaking in superconductors) answers. The important thing is that the Cooper mechanism makes the Fermi surface instable. What results ? A kind of Bose-Einstein condensate of charged particles (the Cooper pairs of charge $2e$) and some electrons still forming a Fermi-Dirac condensate and so a Fermi sea, with less fermions than before the transition (hence the number of electrons is not conserved). So now the available ground states are i) the genuine Fermi sea made of electrons, ii) the charged Bose-Einstein condensate made with all the electrons paired up via Cooper mechanism and iii) a mixture of the two Fermi-Dirac and Bose-Einstein condensates (be careful, the terminology is misleading, a Bose-Einstein condensate and a Cooper pair condensate are not really the same thing). Unfortunately, the real ground state is a kind of mixture, but at zero-temperature, one might suppose that all the conduction electrons have been transformed in Cooper pairs (in particular, this can not be true if one has an odd number of electrons to start with, but let forget about that). Let us call this complicated mixture the Cooper condensate, for simplicity. In any case, we have to compare the Fermi sea with the Cooper pairs condensate. That's precisely what we do by supposing a term like $\left\langle cc\right\rangle \neq0$. # A bit of mathematics We define a correlation as $\left\langle c_{1}c_{2}\right\rangle$ with creation or annihilation operators. In a paramagnetic phase, we have $$\left\langle N\right|c^{\dagger}c\left|N\right\rangle =\left\langle n_{\uparrow}\right|c_{\uparrow}^{\dagger}c_{\uparrow}\left|n_{\uparrow}\right\rangle +\left\langle n_{\downarrow}\right|c_{\downarrow}^{\dagger}c_{\downarrow}\left|n_{\downarrow}\right\rangle$$ as the only non-vanishing correlation, with $\left|N\right\rangle$ a Fermi sea filled with $N$ electrons. Note in that case the polarised Fermi seas $\left|n_{\uparrow,\downarrow}\right\rangle$ make no sense, since there is no need for an internal degree of freedom associated to the electrons ; or these two seas are the two shores of the unpolarised Fermi ocean... Now, in the ferromagnetic phase, the correlations $\left\langle n_{\uparrow}\right|c_{\uparrow}^{\dagger}c_{\uparrow}\left|n_{\uparrow}\right\rangle$ and $\left\langle n_{\downarrow}\right|c_{\downarrow}^{\dagger}c_{\downarrow}\left|n_{ \downarrow}\right\rangle$ starts to make sense individually, and the ground states with polarised electrons as well. In addition, we must compare all of these inequivalent ground states. One way to compare all the possible ground states is to construct the matrix $$\left\langle \begin{array}{cc} c_{\uparrow}c_{\downarrow}^{\dagger} & c_{\uparrow}c_{\uparrow}^{\dagger}\\ c_{\downarrow}c_{\downarrow}^{\dagger} & c_{\downarrow}c_{\uparrow}^{\dagger} \end{array}\right\rangle =\left\langle \left(\begin{array}{c} c_{\uparrow}\\ c_{\downarrow} \end{array}\right)\otimes\left(\begin{array}{cc} c_{\downarrow}^{\dagger} & c_{\uparrow}^{\dagger}\end{array}\right)\right\rangle$$ where the ground state is a bit sloppily defined (i.e. I did not refer to $\left|n_{\uparrow,\downarrow}\right\rangle$, and I simply put the global $\left\langle \cdots\right\rangle$ for simplicity). The fact that the construction is a tensor product (the symbol $\otimes$ in the right-hand-side just does what appears in the left-hand-side) clearly shows that you can restaure the different ground states as you wish. In a sense, the problem of defining the different ground states is now put under the carpet, and you just have to deal with the above matrix. Clearly the diagonal elements exist only in the paramagnetic phase and the off-diagonal elements exists only in the ferromagnetic case, but this is no more a trouble, since we defined a tensorial product of several ground states and we are asking: which one is the good one? Now, for the superconductor, one does not polarise the spins of the electrons, one creates some bosonic correlations on top of two fermionic excitations. So the natural choice for the matrix is $$\left\langle \begin{array}{cc} cc^{\dagger} & cc\\ c^{\dagger}c^{\dagger} & c^{\dagger}c \end{array}\right\rangle =\left\langle \left(\begin{array}{c} c\\ c^{\dagger} \end{array}\right)\otimes\left(\begin{array}{cc} c^{\dagger} & c\end{array}\right)\right\rangle$$ where still, the diagonal part exists already in a simple metal, and the off-diagonal shows up once the system transits to the superconducting phase. Clearly, if you call $\left|N\right\rangle$ the Fermi-Dirac condensate with $N$ electron of charge $e$, and $c$ the operator destroying an electron in this Fermi sea, then you must define $\left\langle cc\right\rangle \equiv\left\langle N-2\right|cc\left|N\right\rangle \propto\left\langle N\right|cc\left|N+2\right\rangle \propto\left\langle N-1\right|cc\left|N+1\right\rangle$ (note you can do the way you want, and this has profound implications for Josephson physics, but this is not the story today) for the correlation to exist. What are the states $\left|N-2\right\rangle$ then ? Well, it is clear from the context: a Fermi sea with two electrons removed. Without the Cooper mechanism, we would have no idea what is this beast, but thanks to him, we know this is just the instable Fermi sea with one Cooper pair removed due to the action of a virtual phonon. Whereas the parra-ferromagnetic transition was seen in the competition between unpolarised versus polarised spins, the normal-superconducting transition can be seen in the competition between particle and hole versus particle-hole mixtures. Now, how do we construct the mean-field Hamiltonian ? We simply use the two body interaction term, and we apply the Wick's theorem. That is, one does $$\left\langle c_{1}c_{2}c_{3}^{\dagger}c_{4}^{\dagger}\right\rangle =\left\langle c_{1}c_{2}\right\rangle \left\langle c_{3}^{\dagger}c_{4}^{\dagger}\right\rangle -\left\langle c_{1}c_{3}^{\dagger}\right\rangle \left\langle c_{2}c_{4}^{\dagger}\right\rangle +\left\langle c_{1}c_{4}^{\dagger}\right\rangle \left\langle c_{2}c_{3}^{\dagger}\right\rangle$$ valid for any average taken over Gaussian states. Clearly, one has (replace the numbers by spin vectors eventually) : the Cooper pairing terms, the Heisenberg-ferromagnetic coupling and some anti-ferromagnetic coupling (not discussed here). Usually, since a system realises one ground state, we do not need to try all the different channels. For superconductivity we keep the first term on the right-hand-side. • This is something I'm going to have to go over a few times to fully understand, I think. But I still don't understand why we're suddenly taking the expectation values as $\langle N-2 |cc|N\rangle$, when in general expectation values and mean fields are always defined relative to a single state. I also don't understand why we consider a state with a cooper pair to have two fewer electrons than a state with no cooper pair--surely if you count the electrons using the number operator $\sum c^\dagger c$ you'll get the same answer regardless of whether the electrons have formed a pair? – Jahan Claes Jan 28 '17 at 2:51 • expectation values and mean fields are always defined relative to a single state : well, superconductivity theory tells you that it is not always true for mean field. So, either you change the nomenclature, and no more call the BCS treatment a mean-field treatment. After all, you can name things the way you want, and BCS method could be used indeed. What I've tried to explain is that both $\left|N\right\rangle$ and $\left|N+2\right\rangle$ are in the same class of solutions/ground-states: they are both Fermi seas, but the second one has 2 electrons more. This ground-state is reachable. – FraSchelle Jan 29 '17 at 8:08 • Somehow both quantum distributions appear in normal-superconductor phase transition, and so let us suppose they do. When you loose two fermions, you may get one boson. This mechanism is called Cooper instability. Not all materials present a Cooper instability of course. The important thing is: $c^{\dagger}c$ does not count the number of electrons, it counts the number of fermion modes, and $cc$ counts the Cooper-pairing generated bosons, so he number of boson modes. So in fact by Cooper pairing you loose two fermions and get one Cooper-pair/one boson. – FraSchelle Jan 29 '17 at 8:16 • The total number of charge is the same in both the normal and superconducting states. The crucial question is: how may we count them, because clearly $c^{\dagger}c$ no more does the job. This is a hard question in quantum field theory, since the U(1) symmetry breaking also destroys the conventional way of defining current through Noether theorem. In the mean-field/BCS treatment of the problem, you may try to define current in other way, and you will get something like $c^{\dagger}c+\Delta cc$ (picturesquely speaking, there is a post on SE where someone derives the current in the BdG frame) – FraSchelle Jan 29 '17 at 8:22

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http://www.ck12.org/physical-science/Density-in-Physical-Science/lesson/user:Mjparets/Density/r8/

<meta http-equiv="refresh" content="1; url=/nojavascript/"> # Density ## A measure of how tightly the matter in a substance is packed together. 0% Progress Practice Density Progress 0% Density The man in this cartoon is filling balloons with helium gas. What will happen if he lets go of the filled balloons? They will rise up into the air until they reach the ceiling. Do you know why? It’s because helium has less density than air. ### Defining Density Density is an important physical property of matter. It reflects how closely packed the particles of matter are. When particles are packed together more tightly, matter has greater density. Activity .-See the pìcture and explain which cube has more density. Density depends how closely packet the particles of matter are. [Figure1] Differences in density of matter explain many phenomena, not just why helium balloons rise. For example, differences in density of cool and warm ocean water explain why currents such as the Gulf Stream flow through the oceans. You can see a colorful demonstration of substances with different densities at this URL: To better understand density, think about a bowling ball and volleyball, pictured in the Figure below . Imagine lifting each ball. The two balls are about the same size, but the bowling ball feels much heavier than the volleyball. That’s because the bowling ball is made of solid plastic, which contains a lot of tightly packed particles of matter. The volleyball, in contrast, is full of air, which contains fewer, more widely spaced particles of matter. In other words, the matter inside the bowling ball is denser than the matter inside the volleyball. Balls with same size but difference material, so they have different density. Q: If you ever went bowling, you may have noticed that some bowling balls feel heavier than others even though they are the same size. How can this be? Draw a picture with particles  to explain it A: Bowling balls that feel lighter are made of matter that is less dense. ### Calculating Density The density of matter is actually the amount of matter in a given space. The amount of matter is measured by its mass, and the space matter takes up is measured by its volume. Therefore, the density of matter can be calculated with this formula: $\text{Density} = \frac{\text{mass}}{\text{volume}}$ Assume, for example, that a book has a mass of 500 g and a volume of 1000 cm 3 . Then the density of the book is: $\text{Density} = \frac{500 \ \text{g}}{1000 \ \text{cm}^3} = 0.5 \ \text{g/cm}^3$ Q: What is the density of a liquid that has a volume of 30 mL and a mass of 300 g? A: The density of the liquid is: $\text{Density} = \frac{300 \ \text{g}}{30 \ \text{mL}} = 10 \ \text{g/mL}$ ### Summary • Density is an important physical property of matter. It reflects how closely packed the particles of matter are. • The density of matter can be calculated by dividing its mass by its volume. ### Vocabulary • density : Amount of mass in a given volume of matter; calculated as mass divided by volume. ### Practice Go to this URL and take the calculating-density quiz. Be sure to check your answers! ### Review 1. What is density? 2. Find the density of an object that has a mass of 5 kg and a volume of 50 cm 3 . 3. Create a sketch that shows the particles of matter in two substances that differ in density. Label the sketch to show which substance has greater density. 4. The the table below gives the density for some common materials.Can order from less density to bigger dendity [Figure2] 6.  Anna has calculated the mass and the volum of the unknow block, to be                                                 Mass = 79.4g  Volum = 29.8 cm3 ; a second block has the same volum but diferrent mass, Mass= 25.4g.   Using the table below identify  what is each material block material

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https://www.aimsciences.org/article/doi/10.3934/dcds.2000.6.673

American Institute of Mathematical Sciences July  2000, 6(3): 673-682. doi: 10.3934/dcds.2000.6.673 A uniqueness condition for hyperbolic systems of conservation laws 1 S.I.S.S.A., Via Beirut, 2-4, 34014 Trieste 2 SISSA, via Beirut 2-4, 34014 Trieste, Italy Received  December 1999 Revised  March 2000 Published  April 2000 Consider the Cauchy problem for a hyperbolic $n\times n$ system of conservation laws in one space dimension: $u_t + f(u)_x = 0$,   $u(0,x)=\bar u (x).$       $(CP)$ Relying on the existence of a continuous semigroup of solutions, we prove that the entropy admissible solution of $(CP)$ is unique within the class of functions $u=u(t,x)$ which have bounded variation along a suitable family of space-like curves. Citation: Alberto Bressan, Marta Lewicka. A uniqueness condition for hyperbolic systems of conservation laws. Discrete & Continuous Dynamical Systems - A, 2000, 6 (3) : 673-682. doi: 10.3934/dcds.2000.6.673 [1] Gui-Qiang Chen, Monica Torres. On the structure of solutions of nonlinear hyperbolic systems of conservation laws. Communications on Pure & Applied Analysis, 2011, 10 (4) : 1011-1036. doi: 10.3934/cpaa.2011.10.1011 [2] C. M. Khalique, G. S. Pai. Conservation laws and invariant solutions for soil water equations. Conference Publications, 2003, 2003 (Special) : 477-481. doi: 10.3934/proc.2003.2003.477 [3] Graziano Crasta, Benedetto Piccoli. Viscosity solutions and uniqueness for systems of inhomogeneous balance laws. Discrete & Continuous Dynamical Systems - A, 1997, 3 (4) : 477-502. doi: 10.3934/dcds.1997.3.477 [4] Boris P. Andreianov, Giuseppe Maria Coclite, Carlotta Donadello. Well-posedness for vanishing viscosity solutions of scalar conservation laws on a network. Discrete & Continuous Dynamical Systems - A, 2017, 37 (11) : 5913-5942. doi: 10.3934/dcds.2017257 [5] Fengbai Li, Feng Rong. Decay of solutions to fractal parabolic conservation laws with large initial data. Communications on Pure & Applied Analysis, 2013, 12 (2) : 973-984. doi: 10.3934/cpaa.2013.12.973 [6] Evgeny Yu. Panov. On a condition of strong precompactness and the decay of periodic entropy solutions to scalar conservation laws. Networks & Heterogeneous Media, 2016, 11 (2) : 349-367. doi: 10.3934/nhm.2016.11.349 [7] Shijin Deng, Weike Wang. Pointwise estimates of solutions for the multi-dimensional scalar conservation laws with relaxation. Discrete & Continuous Dynamical Systems - A, 2011, 30 (4) : 1107-1138. doi: 10.3934/dcds.2011.30.1107 [8] Young-Sam Kwon. On the well-posedness of entropy solutions for conservation laws with source terms. Discrete & Continuous Dynamical Systems - A, 2009, 25 (3) : 933-949. doi: 10.3934/dcds.2009.25.933 [9] Lijuan Wang, Weike Wang. Pointwise estimates of solutions to conservation laws with nonlocal dissipation-type terms. Communications on Pure & Applied Analysis, 2019, 18 (5) : 2835-2854. doi: 10.3934/cpaa.2019127 [10] Stephen C. Anco, Maria Luz Gandarias, Elena Recio. Conservation laws and line soliton solutions of a family of modified KP equations. Discrete & Continuous Dynamical Systems - S, 2018, 0 (0) : 0-0. doi: 10.3934/dcdss.2020225 [11] Avner Friedman. Conservation laws in mathematical biology. Discrete & Continuous Dynamical Systems - A, 2012, 32 (9) : 3081-3097. doi: 10.3934/dcds.2012.32.3081 [12] Mauro Garavello. A review of conservation laws on networks. Networks & Heterogeneous Media, 2010, 5 (3) : 565-581. doi: 10.3934/nhm.2010.5.565 [13] Mauro Garavello, Roberto Natalini, Benedetto Piccoli, Andrea Terracina. Conservation laws with discontinuous flux. Networks & Heterogeneous Media, 2007, 2 (1) : 159-179. doi: 10.3934/nhm.2007.2.159 [14] Len G. Margolin, Roy S. Baty. Conservation laws in discrete geometry. Journal of Geometric Mechanics, 2019, 11 (2) : 187-203. doi: 10.3934/jgm.2019010 [15] Wen-Xiu Ma. Conservation laws by symmetries and adjoint symmetries. Discrete & Continuous Dynamical Systems - S, 2018, 11 (4) : 707-721. doi: 10.3934/dcdss.2018044 [16] Tai-Ping Liu, Shih-Hsien Yu. Hyperbolic conservation laws and dynamic systems. Discrete & Continuous Dynamical Systems - A, 2000, 6 (1) : 143-145. doi: 10.3934/dcds.2000.6.143 [17] Yanbo Hu, Wancheng Sheng. The Riemann problem of conservation laws in magnetogasdynamics. Communications on Pure & Applied Analysis, 2013, 12 (2) : 755-769. doi: 10.3934/cpaa.2013.12.755 [18] Stefano Bianchini, Elio Marconi. On the concentration of entropy for scalar conservation laws. Discrete & Continuous Dynamical Systems - S, 2016, 9 (1) : 73-88. doi: 10.3934/dcdss.2016.9.73 [19] K. T. Joseph, Philippe G. LeFloch. Boundary layers in weak solutions of hyperbolic conservation laws II. self-similar vanishing diffusion limits. Communications on Pure & Applied Analysis, 2002, 1 (1) : 51-76. doi: 10.3934/cpaa.2002.1.51 [20] Yanning Li, Edward Canepa, Christian Claudel. Efficient robust control of first order scalar conservation laws using semi-analytical solutions. Discrete & Continuous Dynamical Systems - S, 2014, 7 (3) : 525-542. doi: 10.3934/dcdss.2014.7.525 2018 Impact Factor: 1.143

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https://www.quantumuniverse.nl/and-action

And… Action! Actie! De kreet heeft niet alleen een betekenis op de filmset; ook natuurkundigen hoor je vaak praten over de ‘actie’ van een systeem. In dit Engelstalige artikel legt Christian Ventura Meinersen uit wat een actie is, en hoe het begrip de volledige evolutie van een systeem bepaalt. F=ma. It’s the one equation most people seem to remember from their high school physics classes. That is no coincidence: it is a beautifully small equation that captures most of our everyday life. At every point in time we can look at the position and velocity of an object and, with the knowledge of the forces acting on that object at that instance, compute its future trajectory via the small equation $$F=ma$$! Just like a movie where the motion of objects comes to life by having many frames per second, Newton’s second law manages to trace out trajectories. It computes the forces at each point in time and updates the motion of the particle accordingly. We come to one obvious problem with the equation $$F = ma$$: what happens for objects like light that have $$m=0$$? Does the vanishing mass mean that forces can never pull or push light? This cannot be the case as we know that the gravitational force can deflect light. This is an underlying issue with Newton’s second law; it is not a general law that can be applied to any object. As so often in science, we therefore try to find patterns between phenomena and try to understand them, hence, under the umbrella of a more fundamental set of laws. The mathematician Joseph-Louis Lagrange was thinking about  the patterns underlying each path that any object would take. The way he accomplished to say something useful about those patterns was by defining a new mathematical tool now famously known as the Lagrangian $$L$$ of a system. It is computed from the kinetic energy $$T$$ and the potential energy $$V$$ of an object, in the following way $$L(x(t),\dot{x}(t))=T-V$$, where • $$x(t), \dot{x}(t)$$ are the position and velocity respectively and • $$t$$ is the time coordinate. Physically,  the Lagrangian describes the transfer of energy between the two types of energy1: potential and kinetic. For example, you can think of an object falling from some height: the initial potential energy will be transformed into kinetic energy as the object is falling. So we exchange the energy corresponding to location for one corresponding to velocity and vice versa. The next insight lies in the fact that, roughly speaking, the universe is lazy. It wants to do as little as possible over time. ‘Doing something’ physically means that there is a transfer of energy, as this results in dynamical processes. Let’s try to formulate this mathematically. We want to define something that encapsulates the transfer of energy over time. For that we use the Lagrangian and integrate it over all possible times $$t$$. This motivates us to define a mathematical tool, called the action $$S$$: $$S[x(t)]=\int_{t_1}^{t_2} \; L(x(t),\dot{x}(t)) dt$$. Using the ‘principle of universal laziness’2 we will find the path $$x(t)$$ that minimizes the action $$\delta S[x(t)]=0$$. Here the symbol $$\delta$$ means that we look at changes in the action, so we look for the minimum of the action as a function of the path. This will constitute the most ‘lazy’ path. Therefore the action, compared to Newton’s second law, is not a cause-effect law whereby one computes every frame of the trajectory and sews them together. It probes all possible paths and picks out the one with least action. Indeed one can find such a path from the action through the Euler-Lagrange equation1: $$\frac{d}{dt}\left( \frac{\partial L}{\partial \dot{x}} \right) – \left(\frac{\partial L}{\partial x} \right) =0$$. This equation may look rather scary and not easy to solve, but we won’t ask you to – it’s just important to know that such an equation exists, and that therefore problems defined by a Lagrangian have a perfectly well-defined solution. Summarizing: the Lagrangian formalism allows us to define the motion of an object independent of what type of object it is – even massless light. It relies on the fact that all paths that objects actually take share the same pattern: they minimize the action. Much later, this key insight even allowed physicists to describe situations where quantum mechanics and relativity are present, making the Lagrangian and the action very powerful tools! [1] Of course you might have heard of many other ‘types’ of energy like thermal energy, chemical energy, gravitational energy, et cetera. But all of them rely on the fundamental ingredients of the position and velocity any object may have, hence we only require potential and kinetic energy. For instance, thermal energy can be thought of as the average kinetic energy. [2] Of course this has a proper name in physics and goes under the name of principle of least action. [3] One can actually derive the Euler-Lagrange equation via the principle of least action, but this would take a full course in calculus to derive. Feel free to still look it up!

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https://cran.opencpu.org/web/packages/etl/vignettes/extending_etl.html

# Extending etl #### 2021-05-17 The etl package provides a framework for working with medium data. These data are typically: • larger than what would comfortably fit in a laptop’s memory (e.g. several gigabytes) • ideally stored in a SQL-based relational database management system The etl package provides a series of S3 generics and convenience functions that facilitate consistent development of etl-style packages. Current examples include: • macleish: Weather and spatial data from the MacLeish Field Station in Whately, MA. • nyctaxi: Trip data from the New York City Taxi and Limousine Commission • airlines: On-time flight arrival data from the Bureau of Transportation Statistics • citibike: Municipal bike-sharing system in New York City • nyc311: Phone calls to New York City’s feedback hotline • fec: Campaign contribution data from the Federal Election Commission • imdb: Mirror of the Internet Movie Database Please see these packages for examples of how to develop an etl-dependent package. This vignette documents how these extensions can be crafted. ## The basics Suppose that you want to write the etl-dependent package foo. In order for foo to work, it should implement at least one of these methods (and sometimes all three): 1. etl_extract.etl_foo() - downloads data from Internet 2. etl_transform.etl_foo() - takes downloaded data and puts it into CSV format suitable for import to SQL 3. etl_load.etl_foo() - imports data into a SQL database That’s basically it. The rest of the machinery should be taken care of for you. In particular, etl_extract(), etl_transform(), and etl_load() are all generic functions that have sensible default methods. 1. etl_extract.default() - pulls all of the data.frames available through the data() function for foo, and writes them as CSVs 2. etl_extract.default()- simply copies all of the CSVs to the load directory. 3. etl_load.default() - imports all of those CSVs into a SQL database Note that you don’t have to write an etl method to handle foo. You do, however, have to have the foo package installed in order for the etl instantiation function to work. library(etl) foo <- etl("foo") ## Error in etl.default("foo"): Please make sure that the 'foo' package is installed To see the default methods in action, pick a package with some data and import it. ggplots <- etl("ggplot2") %>% etl_update() ## No database was specified so I created one for you at: ## /tmp/RtmpoOM7zi/file203e2186e5f.sqlite3 ## Warning: src_sqlite() was deprecated in dplyr 1.0.0. ## Please use tbl() directly with a database connection ## Loading 11 file(s) into the database... src_tbls(ggplots) ## [1] "diamonds" "economics" "economics_long" "faithfuld" ## [5] "luv_colours" "midwest" "mpg" "msleep" ## [9] "presidential" "seals" "txhousing" ## The details ### Main etl methods Each of the three main etl methods must take an etl_foo object as it’s first argument, and (should invisibly) return an etl_foo object. These methods are pipeable and predictable, but not pure, since they by design have side-effects (i.e. downloading files, etc.) Your major task in writing the foo package will be to write these functions. How you write them is entirely up to you, and the particular implementation will of course depend on what the purpose of foo is. All three of the main etl methods should take the same set or arguments. Most commonly these define the span of time for the files that you want to extract, transform, or load. For example, in the airlines package, these functions take optional year and month arguments. We illustrate with cities, which unfortunately takes only .... Also, etl_cities uses etl_load.default(), so there is no etl:::etl_load.etl_cities() method. etl_extract.etl_cities %>% args() ## Error in args(.): object 'etl_extract.etl_cities' not found etl_transform.etl_cities %>% args() ## Error in args(.): object 'etl_transform.etl_cities' not found etl_load.etl_cities %>% args() ## Error in args(.): object 'etl_load.etl_cities' not found ### Other etl methods There are four additional functions in the etl toolchain: 1. etl_init() - initialize the database 2. etl_cleanup() - delete unnecessary files 3. etl_update() - run etl_extract, etl_transform() and etl_load() in succession with the same arguments 4. etl_create() - run etl_init(), etl_update(), and etl_cleanup() in succession These functions can generally be used without modification and thus are not commonly extended by foo. The etl_init() function will initialize the SQL database. If you want to contribute your own hard-coded SQL initialization script, it must be placed in inst/sql/. The etl_init() function will look there, and find files whose file extensions match the database type. For example, scripts written for MySQL should have the .mysql file extension, while scripts written for PostgreSQL should have the .postgresql file extension. If no such file exists, all of the tables and views in the database will be deleted, and new tables schemas will be created on-the-fly by dplyr. ### etl_foo object attributes Every etl_foo object has a directory where it can store files and a DBIConnection where it can write to a database. By default, these come from tempdir() and RSQLite::SQLite(), but the user can alternatively specify other locations. cities <- etl("cities") ## No database was specified so I created one for you at: ## /tmp/RtmpoOM7zi/file203e531b79d2.sqlite3 str(cities) ## List of 2 ## $con :Formal class 'SQLiteConnection' [package "RSQLite"] with 8 slots ## .. [email protected] ptr :<externalptr> ## .. [email protected] dbname : chr "/tmp/RtmpoOM7zi/file203e531b79d2.sqlite3" ## .. [email protected] loadable.extensions: logi TRUE ## .. [email protected] flags : int 70 ## .. [email protected] vfs : chr "" ## .. [email protected] ref :<environment: 0x5595202416e0> ## .. [email protected] bigint : chr "integer64" ## .. [email protected] extended_types : logi FALSE ##$ disco:<environment: 0x559520286b40> ## - attr(*, "class")= chr [1:6] "etl_cities" "etl" "src_SQLiteConnection" "src_dbi" ... ## - attr(*, "pkg")= chr "etl" ## - attr(*, "dir")= chr "/tmp/RtmpoOM7zi" ## - attr(*, "raw_dir")= chr "/tmp/RtmpoOM7zi/raw" ## - attr(*, "load_dir")= chr "/tmp/RtmpoOM7zi/load" Note that an etl_foo object is also a src_dbi object and a src_sql object. Please see the dbplyr vignette for more information about these database connections. ## References citation("etl") ## ## To cite etl in publications use: ## ## Benjamin S. Baumer (2017). A Grammar for Reproducible and Painless ## Extract-Transform-Load Operations on Medium Data. arXiv, 8(23), 1-24. ## URL https://arxiv.org/abs/1708.07073. ## ## A BibTeX entry for LaTeX users is ## ## @Article{, ## title = {A Grammar for Reproducible and Painless Extract-Transform-Load Operations on Medium Data}, ## author = {Benjamin S. Baumer}, ## journal = {arXiv}, ## year = {2017}, ## volume = {8}, ## number = {23}, ## pages = {1--24}, ## url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/1708.07073}, ## } citation("dplyr") ## ## To cite package 'dplyr' in publications use: ## ## Hadley Wickham, Romain François, Lionel Henry and Kirill Müller ## (2021). dplyr: A Grammar of Data Manipulation. R package version ## 1.0.6. https://CRAN.R-project.org/package=dplyr ## ## A BibTeX entry for LaTeX users is ## ## @Manual{, ## title = {dplyr: A Grammar of Data Manipulation}, ## author = {Hadley Wickham and Romain François and Lionel Henry and Kirill Müller}, ## year = {2021}, ## note = {R package version 1.0.6}, ## url = {https://CRAN.R-project.org/package=dplyr}, ## } citation("dbplyr") ## ## To cite package 'dbplyr' in publications use: ## ## Hadley Wickham, Maximilian Girlich and Edgar Ruiz (2021). dbplyr: A ## 'dplyr' Back End for Databases. R package version 2.1.1. ## https://CRAN.R-project.org/package=dbplyr ## ## A BibTeX entry for LaTeX users is ## ## @Manual{, ## title = {dbplyr: A 'dplyr' Back End for Databases}, ## author = {Hadley Wickham and Maximilian Girlich and Edgar Ruiz}, ## year = {2021}, ## note = {R package version 2.1.1}, ## url = {https://CRAN.R-project.org/package=dbplyr}, ## }

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http://mathhelpforum.com/calculus/156693-another-continuity-question.html

The function $f(x) = \frac{x - 2}{x^2 - 3x + 2}$ is not defined for x = 2. Find a value to be given to f(2) that will make f continuous at 2. 2. $f(x)=\dfrac{(x-2)}{(x-2)(x-1)}$

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https://www.cuemath.com/ncert-solutions/q-3-exercise-11-1-constructions-class-9-maths/

# Ex.11.1 Q3 Constructions Solution - NCERT Maths Class 9 Go back to  'Ex.11.1' ## Question Construct the angles of the following measurements: (i) $$30^{\circ}$$ (ii) $$22 \frac{1}{2}^{\circ}$$ (iii) $$15^{\circ}$$ Video Solution Constructions Ex 11.1 | Question 3 ## Text Solution $${\rm{(i)}}\;\;30^{\circ}$$ Reasoning: We need to construct an angle of $$60$$ degrees and then bisect it to get an angle measuring $$30^\circ$$ Steps of Construction: (i) Draw ray $$PQ$$. (ii) To construct an angle of $$60^{\circ}$$ . With $$P$$ as centre and any radius, draw a wide arc to intersect $$PQ$$ at $$R$$. With $$R$$ as centre and same radius draw an arc to intersect the initial arc at $$S$$. $$\angle {SPR}=60^{\circ}$$ (iii) To bisect $$\angle {SPR}$$ With $$R$$ and $$S$$ as centres and same radius draw two arcs to intersect at $$T$$. Join $$P$$ and $$T$$ i.e. $$PT$$ is the angle bisector. Hence, \begin{align}\angle {TPR}=\frac{1}{2} \angle {SPR}=30^{\circ}\end{align} $${\rm{(ii)}}\;\;22 \frac{1}{2}^{\circ}$$ Reasoning: We need to construct two adjacent angles of and bisect the second one to get a angle. This has to be bisected again to get a $$45^\circ$$ angle. The $$45^\circ$$ angle has to be further bisected to get \begin{align}22 \frac{1}{2}^{\circ}\end{align} angle. \begin{align} 22 \frac{1}{2}^{\circ} &=\frac{45^{\circ}}{2} \\ 45^{\circ} &=\frac{90^{\circ}}{2}=\frac{30^{\circ}+60^{\circ}}{2} \end{align} Steps of Construction: (i) Draw ray $$PQ$$ (ii) To construct an angle of $$60^{\circ}$$ With $$P$$ as center and any radius draw a wide arc to intersect $$PQ$$ at $$R$$. With $$R$$ as center and same radius draw an arc to intersect the initial arc at $$S$$. $$\angle {SPR}=60^{\circ}$$ (iii)To construct adjacent angle of $$60^{\circ}$$ . With $$S$$ as the center and same radius as before, draw an arc to intersect the initial arc at $$T$$ $$\angle {TPS}=60^{\circ}$$ . (iv)To bisect $$\angle {TPS}$$ With $$T$$ and $$S$$ as centers and same radius as before, draw arcs to intersect each other at $$Z$$ Join $$P$$ and $$Z$$ $$\angle {ZPQ}=90^{\circ}$$ (v) To bisect $$\angle {ZPQ}$$ With $$R$$ and $$U$$ as centers and radius than half of $$RU$$, draw arcs to intersect each other at $$V$$. Join $$P$$ and $$V$$. $$\angle {VPQ}=45^{0}$$ (vi) To bisect $$\angle {VPQ}=45^{0}$$ With $$W$$ and $$R$$ as centers and radius greater than half of $$WR$$, draw arcs to intersect each other at $$X$$. Join $$P$$ and $$X$$. $$PX$$ bisects $$\angle {VPQ}$$ Hence, \begin{align} \angle {XPQ} &=\frac{1}{2} \angle {WPQ} \\ &=\frac{1}{2} \times 45^{0} \\ &=22 \frac{1}{2} \end{align} $${\rm{(iii)}}\;\;15^{\circ}$$ Reasoning: We need to construct an angle of 60 degrees and then bisect it to get an angle measuring $$30^\circ$$. This has to be bisected again to get a $$15^\circ$$ angle. \begin{align}15^{0}=\frac{30^{\circ}}{2}=\frac{\frac{60^{0}}{2}}{2}\end{align} Steps of Construction: (i) Draw ray $$PQ$$. (ii) To construct an angle of $$60^{\circ}$$ . With $$P$$ as center and any radius draw a wide arc to intersect $$PQ$$ at $$R$$. With $$R$$ as center and same radius draw an arc to intersect the initial arc at $$S$$. $$\angle {SPR}=60^{\circ}$$ (iii) Bisect $$\angle {SPR}$$ . With $$R$$ and $$S$$ as centers and radius greater than half of $$RS$$ draw arcs to intersect each other at $$T$$. Join $$P$$ and $$T$$ i.e. $$PT$$ is the angle bisector of $$\angle {SPR}$$ . \begin{align} \angle {TPQ} &=\frac{1}{2} \angle{SPR} \\ &=\frac{1}{2} \times 60^{\circ} \\ &=30^{\circ} \end{align} (iv)To bisect $$\angle {TPQ}$$ With $$R$$ and $$W$$ as centers and radius greater than half of $$RT$$, draw arcs to intersect each other at $$U$$ Join $$P$$ and $$U$$. $$PU$$ is the angle bisector of $$\angle {TPQ}$$ . \begin{align}\angle {UPQ}=\frac{1}{2} \angle {TPQ}=15^{\circ}\end{align} Learn from the best math teachers and top your exams • Live one on one classroom and doubt clearing • Practice worksheets in and after class for conceptual clarity • Personalized curriculum to keep up with school

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https://www.physicsforums.com/threads/help-finding-the-initial-speed.260972/

# Help finding the initial speed 1. Oct 1, 2008 ### 1234567890 Help finding the initial speed plz !!! 1. The problem statement, all variables and given/known data An archer shoots an arrow horizontally at a target 12 m away. The arrow is aimed directly at the center of the target, but it hits 52 cm lower. What was the initial speed of the arrow? (Neglect air resistance.) 2. Relevant equations the equation i was given is : y= h - .5at^2 and x=vo*t so we then know t= x/vo second part of the equation is y=h -.5 a(x/vo)^2 then vox* the square root of (a/2)*(x^2/h-y) 3. The attempt at a solution the problem im having is finding all the right data to complete the problem. We know x = distance which then = 12 and h(height) = 52cm or .52m so in the first equation when it says y=h-.5at^2 and x=vo*t we need to find t so we can subsitute it for t^2 in the 1st equation. so the equation is t=x/vo and we get t=12/vo i dont need the answer to the problem i just need help finding what t is so i can solve it for myself. can you please explain how to find vo or whatever i need to find to start this problem. ive been working on it for a while now and i cant seem to come up with any answers. Thanks alot to anyone who can be a hand 2. Oct 1, 2008 ### Sakha Re: Help finding the initial speed plz !!! You know that the arrow accelerate downwards 9.8m/s2 (g), so using your distance formula, you could get the time it takes to the arrow to travel 52cm downwards. That same time is the time that the arrow, with speed v travels 12m in direction to the target. 3. Oct 1, 2008 ### 1234567890 Re: Help finding the initial speed plz !!! thanks man i got it Similar Discussions: Help finding the initial speed

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https://johnmayhk.wordpress.com/2008/01/14/alpm-hyperpower-function/

# Quod Erat Demonstrandum ## 2008/01/14 ### [AL][PM] Hyperpower function Filed under: HKALE,Pure Mathematics,University Mathematics — johnmayhk @ 4:39 下午 Justin asked me again about the hyperpower function. Sorry, I just re-post my old message in my old forum, which was prohibited by the adminstrators in the hkedcity. It is known that the following converges if and only if We may create an AL pure mathematics question concerning hyperpower function like Let (a) Prove that {$x_n$} is increasing. (b) By M.I. or otherwise, show that {$x_n$} is bounded above by 2. (c) Hence solve the outdated problem:

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https://allhindilyric.com/let-me-down-slowly-lyrics-alec-benjamin/

# Let Me Down Slowly Lyrics – Alec Benjamin Let Me Down Slowly Lyrics In Hindi/English, Sung By Alec Benjamin. The Song Is Written By Alec Benjamin And Music Composed By Alec Benjamin. Let Me Down Slowly Song Details ## Let Me Down Slowly Lyrics This Night Is Cold In The Kingdom I Can Feel You Fade Away From The Kitchen To The Bathroom Sink And Don’t Cut Me Down, Throw Me Out, Leave Me Here To Waste I Once Was A Man With Dignity And Grace Now I’m Slippin’ Through The Cracks Of Could You Find A Way To Let Me Down Slowly? A Little Sympathy, I Hope You Can Show Me If You Wanna Go Then I’ll Be So Lonely If You’re Leavin’, Baby, Let Me Down Slowly Let Me Down, Down, Let Me Down, Down, Let Me Down Let Me Down, Down, Let Me Down, Down, Let Me Down If You Wanna Go Then I’ll Be So Lonely If You’re Leavin’, Baby, Let Me Down Slowly Cold Skin, Drag My Feet On The Tile As I’m Walking Down The Corridor And I Know We Haven’t Talked In A While So I’m Looking For An Open Door Don’t Cut Me Down, Throw Me Out, Leave Me Here To Waste I Once Was A Man With Dignity And Grace Now I’m Slippin’ Through The Cracks Could You Find A Way To Let Me Down Slowly? A Little Sympathy, I Hope You Can Show Me If You Wanna Go Then I’ll Be So Lonely If You’re Leavin’, Baby, Let Me Down Slowly Let Me Down, Down, Let Me Down, Down, Let Me Down Let Me Down, Down, Let Me Down, Down, Let Me Down If You Wanna Go Then I’ll Be So Lonely If You’re Leavin’, Baby, Let Me Down Slowly And I Can’t Stop Myself From Fallin’ (Down) Down And I Can’t Stop Myself From Fallin’ (Down) Down And I Can’t Stop Myself From Fallin’ (Down) Down And I Can’t Stop Myself From Fallin’ (Down) Down Could You Find A Way To Let Me Down Slowly? A Little Sympathy, I Hope You Can Show Me If You Wanna Go Then I’ll Be So Lonely If You’re Leavin’, Baby, Let Me Down Slowly Let Me Down, Down, Let Me Down, Down, Let Me Down Let Me Down, Down, Let Me Down, Down, Let Me Down If You Wanna Go Then I’ll Be So Lonely If You’re Leavin’, Baby, Let Me Down Slowly If You Wanna Go Then I’ll Be So Lonely If You’re Leavin’, Baby, Let Me Down Slowly. ### English Song Lyrics We Hope This Article From “Let Me Down Slowly Lyrics In Hindi/English” +Video Must Have Been Well-liked. What Do You Think About The Song Of “Let Me Down Slowly Song”, You Must Tell Us By Commenting. Visit AllHindiLyric.com For All Types Of Songs And Bhajans Lyrics + Videos. error: Allhindilyric.com

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https://deepai.org/publication/ear-slicing-for-matchings-in-hypergraphs

# Ear-Slicing for Matchings in Hypergraphs We study when a given edge of a factor-critical graph is contained in a matching avoiding exactly one, pregiven vertex of the graph. We then apply the results to always partition the vertex-set of a 3-regular, 3-uniform hypergraph into at most one triangle (hyperedge of size 3) and edges (subsets of size 2 of hyperedges), corresponding to the intuition, and providing new insight to triangle and edge packings of Cornuéjols' and Pulleyblank's. The existence of such a packing can be considered to be a hypergraph variant of Petersen's theorem on perfect matchings, and leads to a simple proof for a sharpening of Lu's theorem on antifactors of graphs. ## Authors • 4 publications • ### A generalization of the Kővári-Sós-Turán theorem We present a new proof of the Kővári-Sós-Turán theorem that ex(n, K_s,t)... 02/13/2020 ∙ by Jesse Geneson, et al. ∙ 0 • ### Color-critical Graphs and Hereditary Hypergraphs A quick proof of Gallai's celebrated theorem on color-critical graphs is... 10/24/2019 ∙ by András Sebő, et al. ∙ 0 • ### Sufficient Conditions for Tuza's Conjecture on Packing and Covering Triangles Given a simple graph G=(V,E), a subset of E is called a triangle cover i... 05/06/2016 ∙ by Xujin Chen, et al. ∙ 0 • ### On the connectivity threshold for colorings of random graphs and hypergraphs Let Ω_q=Ω_q(H) denote the set of proper [q]-colorings of the hypergraph ... 03/14/2018 ∙ by Michael Anastos, et al. ∙ 0 • ### On S-packing edge-colorings of cubic graphs Given a non-decreasing sequence S = (s 1,s 2,. .. ,s k) of positive inte... 11/29/2017 ∙ by Nicolas Gastineau, et al. ∙ 0 • ### Linear Programming complementation and its application to fractional graph theory In this paper, we introduce a new kind of duality for Linear Programming... 07/30/2019 ∙ by Maximilien Gadouleau, et al. ∙ 0 • ### The complete set of minimal simple graphs that support unsatisfiable 2-CNFs A propositional logic sentence in conjunctive normal form that has claus... 12/28/2018 ∙ by Vaibhav Karve, et al. ∙ 0 ##### This week in AI Get the week's most popular data science and artificial intelligence research sent straight to your inbox every Saturday. ## 1 Introduction Given a hypergraph , where is the power-set of we will call the elements of vertices, and those of hyperedges, . We say that a hypergraph is -uniform if all of its hyperedges have elements, and it is -regular if all of its vertices are contained in hyperedges. Hyperedges may be present with multiplicicities, for instance the hypergraph with consisting of the hyperedge with multiplicity is a -uniform, -regular hypergraph. The hereditary closure of the hypergraph is where , and is hereditary, if . For the new edges of the hereditary closure we do not need to define multiplicities we will consider them all to be one. Hyperedges of cardinality will be called singletons, those of cardinality and are called edges and triangles respectively. Deleting a vertex of the hypergraph results in the hypergraph . For hereditary hypergraphs this is the same as deleting from all hyperedges. The degree of in is the number of hyperedges containing . Given a hypergraph , denote by the set of edges (of size two) in , . We do not need parallel edges in , we suppose is a graph without parallel edges or loops. The (connected) components of are defined as those of . These form a partition of , and correspond to the usual hypergraph components: is connected if is connected. Abusing terminology, the vertex-set of a component is also called component. We define a graph as a hypergraph with , that is, a -uniform hypergraph without loops or parallel edges. A matching in a graph is a set of pairwise vertex-disjoint edges. A matching is perfect if it partitions the vertex-set of the graph. A graph is called factor-critical if has a perfect matching (also called a -factor) for all . In this note we prove two lemmas, possibly interesting for their own sake, on when a given edge of a factor-critical graph is contained in a matching avoiding exactly one, pregiven vertex of the graph, leading to a result on -uniform hypergraphs (Section 2). We then prove that a -regular and -uniform hypergraph is perfectly matchable in some sense (a generalization of Petersen’s theorem [6] on -uniform hypergraphs), sharpening a result of Lu’s [5] (Section 3). ## 2 Ears and Triangles An ear-decomposition consists of a circuit , and paths sharing its (one or two) endpoints with ; are called ears. An ear is called trivial, if it consists of one edge. An ear is called odd if it has an odd number of edges. Lovász [3], [4] proved that a graph is factor-critical if and only if it has an ear-decomposition with all ears odd. For , denote by ear the index of the first ear when vertex occurs. (It may occur later only as an endpoint of an ear.) Given an ear-decomposition, we call an edge odd, if earear, and if we also require that is joined to an endpoint of by an odd subpath of not containing , and that the same holds interchanging the role of and . We will call an odd ear-decomposition maximal if for every odd edge , earear, we have . Clearly, there exists a maximal odd ear-decomposition, since while there are odd edges with endpoints on , we can obviously replace the ears and , where is necessarily a trivial ear, with two odd ears. In particular, an odd ear-decomposition with a maximum number of nontrivial ears (equivalently, with a minimum number of trivial ears) is maximal. We need the following lemmas that may also have some self-interest and other applications: for , , it provides a sufficient condition for to have a perfect matching containing . ###### Lemma 2.1. Let be a factor-critical graph given with an odd ear-decomposition, and let be an odd edge in a nontrivial ear. For any vertex with earearear, there exists a perfect matching of containing . Proof : Let be the ear-decomposition. We can suppose without loss of generality (since by the easy direction of Lovász’s theorem [3], a graph having an odd ear-decomposition is factor-critical) that is on the last ear . Since is in , and is factor-critical (again by the easy direction of Lovász’s theorem), has a perfect matching . Adding the odd edges of to , we get the matching of the assertion. Cornuéjols, Hartvigsen and Pulleyblank [1], [2] (see also [4]) need to check when a factor-critical graph is partitionable into triangles and edges, and for this they try out all triangles. The following lemma improves this for the unions of triangles by showing that they always have such a partition: ###### Lemma 2.2. If is a -uniform hypergraph and is factor-critical, then has a partition into one triangle and a perfect matching in . Proof : Consider a maximal odd ear-decomposition, let be an odd edge on its last nontrivial ear and let be a triangle containing . If ear, we are done by Lemma 2.1: a matching , of and the triangle do partition . Suppose now ear. If choose a vertex on at odd distance from both and , and let both and denote this same vertex. The following proof holds then for both or . We can suppose without loss of generality that the endpoint of the ear , , , and the other endpoint of (possibly ) follow one another in this order on the ear. The path between and is even, because if it were odd, the edge would be odd - the path between and being odd by the assumption that the edge is odd -, contradicting the maximality of the ear-decomposition. But then a perfect matching of and every second edge of the subpath of between and , covering but not covering , and the odd edges of the rest of including , form a perfect matching in containing . Replacing in this perfect matching by finishes the proof. ## 3 Regular Hypergraphs ###### Theorem 3.1. If is a -uniform, -regular hypergraph, then has either a perfect matching (if is even), or it is factor-critical (if is odd) and in the latter case can be partitioned into one triangle and a perfect matching of . Proof : If has a perfect matching we have nothing to prove. Suppose it has not. Claim. is factor-critical. We prove more: for , , the number of components of satisfies . (Then by Tutte’s theorem [7], see also [4], has a perfect matching for all .) For each component , by -regularity, . In this sum, divisible by , every hyperedge is counted as many times as it has vertices in . Since is connected, and , we have that the sum of for all hyperedges that meet , itself divisible by by -uniformity, is strictly larger than . Therefore, the sum of for these edges is nonzero and also divisible by , so it is at least . The vertices not in of the edges that meet are in , hence , so summing for all edges, the sum is at least : 3k≤∑e∈E|e∩X|≤∑x∈XdH(x)=3|X|, so , finishing the proof of the claim. Now Lemma 2.2 can be readily applied. The intuition that at most one triangle may be enough is highly influenced by Cornuéjols, Hartvigsen and Pulleyblank’s work [1], [2], even if these are not explicitly used. The heart of the proof is encoded in the two lemmas that show: we can either increase the number of nontrivial ears or find the wanted partition, and for this, -uniformity is not needed. The proof is clearly algorithmic, providing a low degree polynomial algorithm. Finally, we prove a sharpening of Lu’s theorem [5], which considered a question in [4]. A simple proof of Lu’s theorem has been the initial target of this work. ###### Corollary 3.1. Let be a -regular bipartite graph with bipartition and . Then has a subgraph with all degrees of vertices in equal to , all degrees of vertices in equal to or , except possibly at most one vertex of which is of degree . Proof : Delete pairwise disjoint perfect matchings one by one (they are well-known to exist in bipartite regular graphs  [4] by Hall’s theorem, actually a -edge-coloring also exists by Kőnig’s edge-coloring theorem). Define then the hypergraph with , and to have one hyperedge for each consisting of the set of neighbors of . Since there are no loops or parallel edges in (see Section 1), the defined hypergraph is -uniform and -regular. Apply now Theorem 3.1. As the proof shows, the essential case is , when the theorem can be considered to be a generalization of Petersen’s theorem [6] about perfect matchings in graphs. Let us also state the reformulation to hypergraphs by the inverse of the correspondence in the proof: ###### Corollary 3.2. If is a -uniform, -regular hypergraph, , then can be partitioned into hyperedges of of size and at most one hyperedge of size . Acknowledgment: Many thanks to Zoltán Szigeti and Louis Esperet for precious suggestions! ## References • [1] G. Cornuéjols, W. R. Pulleyblank, Critical Graphs, Matchings and Tours or a Hierarchy of Relaxations for the Travelling Salesman Problem, Combinatorica, 3(1) (1983), 36–52. • [2] G. Cornuéjols, D. Hartvigsen, W.  R .Pulleyblank, Packing Subgraphs in a Graph, Operations Research letters, Volume 1, Number 4 (1982) • [3] L. Lovász, A note on factor-critical graphs, Studia Sci. Math. Hungar., 7, 1972, 279–280. • [4] L. Lovász, M. D. Plummer, Matching theory, Ann. Discrete Math., 29 North Holland, Amsterdam, 1986. • [5] H. Lu, Antifactor of regular bipartite graphs, https://arxiv.org/pdf/1511.09277v1.pdf • [6] J. Petersen, Die Theorie der regulären Graphen, Acta Math,, 15, 1891, 193–220, Jbuch. 23-115. • [7] W. T. Tutte, The factorization of linear graphs, J. of the London Mathematical Society, 22, 107-111.

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http://cms.math.ca/10.4153/CJM-2012-063-1

Canadian Mathematical Society www.cms.math.ca location:  Publications → journals → CJM Abstract view Transfer of Plancherel Measures for Unitary Supercuspidal Representations between $p$-adic Inner Forms Published:2013-02-21 • Kwangho Choiy, Mathematics Department, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, U.S.A. Features coming soon: Citations   (via CrossRef) Tools: Search Google Scholar: Format: LaTeX MathJax PDF Abstract Let $F$ be a $p$-adic field of characteristic $0$, and let $M$ be an $F$-Levi subgroup of a connected reductive $F$-split group such that $\Pi_{i=1}^{r} SL_{n_i} \subseteq M \subseteq \Pi_{i=1}^{r} GL_{n_i}$ for positive integers $r$ and $n_i$. We prove that the Plancherel measure for any unitary supercuspidal representation of $M(F)$ is identically transferred under the local Jacquet-Langlands type correspondence between $M$ and its $F$-inner forms, assuming a working hypothesis that Plancherel measures are invariant on a certain set. This work extends the result of Muić and Savin (2000) for Siegel Levi subgroups of the groups $SO_{4n}$ and $Sp_{4n}$ under the local Jacquet-Langlands correspondence. It can be applied to a simply connected simple $F$-group of type $E_6$ or $E_7$, and a connected reductive $F$-group of type $A_{n}$, $B_{n}$, $C_n$ or $D_n$. Keywords: Plancherel measure, inner form, local to global global argument, cuspidal automorphic representation, Jacquet-Langlands correspondence MSC Classifications: 22E50 - Representations of Lie and linear algebraic groups over local fields [See also 20G05] 11F70 - Representation-theoretic methods; automorphic representations over local and global fields 22E55 - Representations of Lie and linear algebraic groups over global fields and adele rings [See also 20G05] 22E35 - Analysis on $p$-adic Lie groups © Canadian Mathematical Society, 2014 : http://www.cms.math.ca/

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https://www.engkal.com/kxugf/viewtopic.php?id=0e3a57-espoma-green-sandkernel-density-estimation-explained

External Hard Disk Not Detected In Windows 8, Key Performance Indicators Pdf, Logitech Support Login, Vision Aerobar Riser Kit, Oman Air B787, Resorts In Chikmagalur For Corporate Outing, Health Survey Questions For Students, Sutherlin, Or Weather, Little Thai Kitchen, Dog Walking On Hind Legs Abuse, " /> External Hard Disk Not Detected In Windows 8, Key Performance Indicators Pdf, Logitech Support Login, Vision Aerobar Riser Kit, Oman Air B787, Resorts In Chikmagalur For Corporate Outing, Health Survey Questions For Students, Sutherlin, Or Weather, Little Thai Kitchen, Dog Walking On Hind Legs Abuse, " /> ## espoma green sandkernel density estimation explained Two approaches were proposed: the first one considers a fixed segment length (FSL) over which the plants have to be counted; the second one considers a fixed number of successive plants (FNP) defining a row segment, the length of which needs to be measured. per 100 square feet – use during the growing season Paris: Tec & Doc Lavoisier; 1995. Constant-head permeability tests are performed to determine the most suitable empirical formula for estimating the coefficient of permeability for granular soils. Our results clearly show that the precision on estimates of the gamma count parameters depends only marginally on the number of plants in each segment. This may not be clear in the description of the products. An optimal sampling method is proposed to estimate the plant density in wheat crops from plant counting and reach a given precision. The comparison to the actual plant density (Fig. 2008;6:2181–91. Cerussite has the same crystal structure as aragonite. Nakarmi AD, Tang L. Automatic inter-plant spacing sensing at early growth stages using a 3D vision sensor. 1973;65:116–9. Cobb JN, DeClerck G, Greenberg A, Clark R, McCouch S. Next-generation phenotyping: requirements and strategies for enhancing our understanding of genotype–phenotype relationships and its relevance to crop improvement. Olsen J, Weiner J. PubMed Central  The density is calculated as the mass of the sample in air, divided by the volume (difference between the sample mass in air and in water). Steutel FW, Van Harn K. Infinite divisibility of probability distributions on the real line. Nakarmi AD, Tang L. Within-row spacing sensing of maize plants using 3D computer vision. Spread Espoma Greensand evenly over the entire area. The green strength seemed to be directly proportional to the contact area between powder particles. Rather than describing blindly the bulk plant density, it would be then preferred to get a nested sampling strategy: the unusual segments could be mapped extensively, and the plant density of nominal and unusual segments could be described separately using the optimal sampling proposed here. Model assisted survey sampling. Public Opin Q. Privacy 2006;74:59–73. Incorporate Greensand into the soil before seeding or planting. Gate P. Ecophysiologie du blé. Springer Nature. INRA, UMR-EMMAH, UMT-CAPTE, UAPV, 228 Route de l’aérodrome CS 40509, 84914, Avignon, France, UMR BioSP, INRA, UAPV, 84914, Avignon, France, UMR ECOSYS, INRA, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, 78850, Thiverval-Grignon, France, UMR AGIR, INRA, INPT, 31326, Toulouse, France, You can also search for this author in ), and then divide THAT number by 1.67 TCM to find the bulking factor. Data were then sorted into stratigraphic intervals, and key log data used in the analysis included P‐wave velocity, S‐wave velocity (measured in 13 ‘green’ wells), bulk density, gamma‐ray, temperature, volume of clay, total porosity and saturation logs. It can thus be used to describe the heterogeneity of plant spacing as suggested by [20]. Article  In gemology, the density or specific gravity of a gemstone is computed as the ratio of the density of the material to the density of water. Most gemstone varieties are 2 to 4 times denser than a equal volume of water. This study investigated the sampling strategy to estimate the plant density with emphasis on the variability of plant spacing along the row, corresponding to the sampling error. The volume of the cube is 2cm x 2cm x 2cm = 8cm 3. For example, phosphite, PO 3 3–, reduces Hg2+ to Hg 2 2+, which in the presence of Cl– precipitates as Hg 2 Cl 2. You know the mass (40 g), but the volume is not given. Three experiments were conducted in 2014 resulting in 14 plots across varied sowing density, … Trans ASABE. curve. Int Stat Rev/Revue Internationale de Statistique. A very high density of concrete is that made around steel cables that have been stretched by hydraulic jacks. Composition of green sand molding mixture for iron foundries typically consists of 100 parts silica sand, 8 parts bentonite clay and other additions like carbon ( 0,3 parts ) or cereals and 3 % water content. Part of The Gamma-count distribution in the analysis of experimental underdispersed data. Boca Raton: CRC Press; 2008. 2016 (accepted). Unlike sampling error, it could not be minimized by increasing sampling size. Here, for coarse aggregates, the standard test method has been explained in ASTM C 127(AASHTO) and for fine aggregates, the standard test method has been explained in ASTM C 128 (AASHTO). Espoma Organic Greensand is mined from natural deposits of glauconite. The optimal sampling strategy should first be designed according to the precision targeted here quantified by the coefficient of variation (CV) characterizing the relative variability of the estimated plant density between several replicates of the sampling procedure. The first method (FLS) is the one generally applied within most field experiments. The adjustment of the gamma-count model on the measured plant spacing using a maximum likelihood method provides an estimate of the plant density (Eq. University of Florida Cooperative Extension Service, Institute of Food and Agriculture Sciences, EDIS; 1992. The maximum density and optimum moisture content are determined by selecting a point at the peak of the curve. Plant density and its non-uniformity drive the competition among plants as well as with weeds. a regular program whereby the saturated bulk density of sediments in situ is measured by means of proximal sensing devices lowered in the drilled hole. 8). Total survey error: design, implementation, and evaluation. The non-sampling error may be reduced by combining a random sampling selection procedure with a measurement method ensuring high accuracy including accounting for the actual values of the row spacing measured over each segment [30]. It is an exceptional soil conditioner for flower beds, gardens and lawns. The concrete is allowed to harden and then the jacks are released. A collection of Science Experiments from Steve Spangler Science | Food & Agriculture Org. Tang L, Tian L. Plant identification in mosaicked crop row images for automatic emerged corn plant spacing measurement. This process was applied to a number of replicates varying between 20 to 300 by steps of 10 and a number of plants per segment varying between 2 (i.e. Other valuable properties of Greensand are it's ability to loosen clay soils, bind sandy soils, and increase the water holding capacity of all soils. 2007;8:252–7. per 100 square feet The standard deviation between the 300 estimates of a and b parameters was finally used to compute the corresponding CV. Van der Heijden G, De Visser PHB, Heuvelink E. Measurements for functional-structural plant models. A new method for obtaining the shape coefficient for the Kozeny–Carman equation is proposed. Individual plants: Mix 1/3 cup into the soil. Correspondence to Basic Appl Ecol. 8). The simplest way to estimate non-parametric density is to use a histogram. A numerical experiment based on a Monte-Carlo approach was conducted considering a standard case corresponding to the average of the 14 plots sampled in 2014 with a = 1.10 and b = 2.27. Provides natural iron – an important plant nutrient. Terms and Conditions, The second approach (FNP) appears generally more optimal: it aims at measuring the length of the segment corresponding to a number of consecutive plants that will depend mainly on the targeted precision. 2013;126:867–87. You can see chemical substitution’s effect quite dramatically in the example of the orthorhombic carbonate minerals aragonite and cerussite.Aragonite is CaCO 3 and has a specific gravity of 2.95. Quantification of the heterogeneity of plant spacing requires repeated measurements over segments defined by a fixed number of plants. This paper presents an efficient method to estimate the macroscopic permeability by using the scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images. Trans ASABE. The sampling size will always be close to optimal as compared to the first approach where optimality requires the knowledge of the plant density that is to be estimated. Google Scholar. A full description of microstructure development must include the role of green density. [3] Parameters a and b require about 200 replicates independently from the number of plants per segment. The gamma model needs a scale parameter that drives mostly the intensity of the process, i.e. Chapter 8 Gravimetric Methods 357 weighed. 8). density but caution should be exercised, as SG (also known as Relative Density) is often measured using pulverised samples in equipment known as a pycnometer. 2006;6:165–73. J Field Robot. These discrepancies may be mainly explained by the accuracy in the measurement of the position of individual plants (around 1–2 mm). The physiological response of winter wheat to reductions in plant density. Great thanks to Paul Bataillon and Jean-Michel Berceron from UE802 Toulouse INRA for their help in field experiment. A method was proposed to estimate plant density and sowing pattern from high resolution RGB images taken from the ground. Olsen J, Kristensen L, Weiner J. Always double check the values with other sources before important calculations. Tang L, Tian LF. Related Topics . Particle Size Estimated by Hand So you can see that the rapid, moderate, and slow permeability categories don’t currently line up directly with the broad Jin J, Tang L. Corn plant sensing using real-time stereo vision. The density of concrete is a measurement of concrete’s solidity. 23 2 23 3 22 HgCl PO HO Hg Cl HO 2 3 () () aq aq l Stat Pap. In particular, the bi-modality and skewness of yield distributions are often observed. The method appears to be much more comfortable as compared with the standard outdoor methods based on plant counting in the field. Scheuren F, Association AS: What is a survey? This may be applied for detailed canopy architecture studies or to quantify the impact of the sowing pattern heterogeneity on inter-plant competition [1, 2]. But check your contract first to figure out what you are actually paying for. Rinne H. The Weibull distribution: a handbook. Plackett RL. An assessment of daily rainfall distribution tails. Influence of sowing density and spatial pattern of spring wheat (Triticum aestivum) on the suppression of different weed species. A method to estimate plant density and plant spacing heterogeneity: application to wheat crops. There are two chambers one inside other. California Privacy Statement, Real-time crop row image reconstruction for automatic emerged corn plant spacing measurement. Probability density function of the raw benthic data from Fig. The grant of the principal author was funded by the Chinese Scholarship Council. Article  It was first demonstrated that the plant spacing between consecutive plants are independent which corresponds to a very useful simplifying assumption. Marshall MN. Fam Pract. A correlation between the microscopic features of sandstone porosity and the … One of the most common methods for exploration samples is based on the Archimedes principle in which sample is first weighed in air, after which it is weighed in water (Figs. Hydrol Earth Syst Sci. REPORTING OF RESULTS The specific gravity G of the soil = (W 2 – W 1) / [(W 4 – 1)-(W 3-W 2)]. \), $$\Delta {\text{x}}_{{{\text{n}} - {\text{m}}}}$$, $${\text{f}}\left( {\Delta {\text{x|a}},{\text{b}}} \right) = \frac{1}{{{\text{b}}^{\text{a}} \varGamma \left( {\text{a}} \right)}}\Delta {\text{x}}^{{{\text{a}} - 1}} {\text{e}}^{{\frac{{ - \Delta {\text{x}}}}{\text{b}}}} \quad \Delta {\text{x}},{\text{a}},{\text{b}} \in {\text{R}}^{ + }$$, $${\text{E}}\left( {\Delta {\text{X}}} \right)$$, $${\text{Var}}\left( {\Delta {\text{X}}} \right)$$, $${\text{E}}\left( {\Delta {\text{X}}} \right) = {\text{a}} \cdot {\text{b}}$$, $${\text{Var}}\left( {\Delta {\text{X}}} \right) = {\text{a}} \cdot {\text{b}}^{2}$$, $${\text{CV}}\left( {\Delta {\text{X}}} \right) = \frac{{\sqrt {{\text{var}}\left( {\Delta {\text{X}}} \right)} }}{{{\text{E}}\left( {\Delta {\text{X}}} \right)}}$$, $${\text{CV}}\left( {\Delta {\text{X}}} \right) = 1/\sqrt {\text{a}}$$, $$\text{P}\left\{ {{\text{N}}_{\text{l}} = {\text{n}}} \right\}$$, $${\text{P}}\left\{ {{\text{N}}_{\text{l}} = {\text{n}}} \right\} = \left\{ {\begin{array}{*{20}l} {1 - {\textrm{IG}}\left( {{\text{a}},\frac{l}{b}} \right)} \hfill & {{\text{for}}\;n = 0} \hfill \\ {{\textrm{IG}}\left( {{\text{a}} \cdot {\text{n}},\frac{l}{b}} \right) - {\textrm{IG}}\left( {{\text{a}} \cdot {\text{n}} + {\text{a}},\frac{l}{b}} \right)} \hfill & {{\text{for}}\;n = 1,2, \ldots } \hfill \\ \end{array} } \right. Google Scholar. Haun J. Greensand provides iron which is an important plant nutrient. The sampling size is defined by the number of consecutive plants for the FNP approach considered here and by the number of replicates. To determine the density you need the volume and the mass since . Nevertheless, for the plant density (>100 plants m−2) and shape parameter (a > 0.9) usually experienced, a segment length of 6 m will ensure a precision better than 10%. For the standard conditions experienced in this study, the optimal sampling strategy to get a CV lower than 10% on the two parameters of the gamma distribution would be to repeat 200 times the measurement of plant spacing between 2 consecutive plants. Plant Methods 13, 38 (2017). But is a rough estimate of size in each layer. Material Properties - Material properties for gases, fluids and solids - densities, specific heats, viscosities and more ; Density - Density of different solid materials, liquids and gases. This method does not take into account porosity or natural water content, which is a limitation of the method for use in geological resource estimation. 1079;2008:51. 2007;22:13–25. The application quality of dry granular fertilizer depends on several variables. The effect of the sampling size on the precision of a and b parameters estimation was further investigated. However additional sources of error should be accounted for including measurement biases, uncertainties in row spacing or non-randomness in the sample selection [27,28,– 29]. The sensitivity of parameters a and b is dominated by the number of replicates: very little variation of CV is observed when the number of plants per segment varies (Fig. 1d. Based on this density equation (Density = Mass ÷ Volume), if the weight (or mass) of something increases but the volume stays the same, the density has to go up. Remote Sens Environ. $$\Delta {\text{x}}_{\text{n}} = ({\text{x}}_{\text{n}} - {\text{x}}_{{{\text{n}} - 1}} )$$, $${\text{Plant}}_{{{\text{n}} - 1}} . A mined mineral, rich in the soil conditioning element Glauconite. Norman DW: The farming systems approach to development and appropriate technology generation. Further, the FNP approach is probably more easy to implement with higher reliability: as a matter of facts, measuring the length of a segment defined by plants at its two extremities is easier than counting the number of plants in a fixed length segment, where the extremities could be in the vicinity of a plant and its inclusion or not in the counting could be prone to interpretation biases by the operator. Use Greensand at time of planting or around established plants to add iron. Most aggregates have a relative density between 2.4-2.9 with a corresponding particle (mass) density of 2400-2900 kg/m 3 (150-181 lb/ft 3). Särndal C-E, Swensson B, Wretman J. Related Documents . The term ‘optimal’ should therefore be understood as the minimum sampling effort to be spent to achieve the targeted precision. We thank the people from Grignon, Toulouse and Avignon who participated to the experiments. Great attention should be paid to the geometric correction in order to get accurate ortho-images where distances can be measured accurately. ; 1995. 12 for the given value of n + 1 consecutive plants. Biemer PP. The Hegerl et al. This, however, poses the problem of discontinuity and requires large samples. 1995;13:467–74. Comput Electron Agric. , \( {\text{IG}}\left( {{\text{a}} \cdot {\text{n}},\frac{l}{b}} \right)$$,$$ {\text{IG}}\left( {{\text{a}} \cdot {\text{n}},\frac{l}{b}} \right) = \frac{1}{{\varGamma \left( {{\text{a}} \cdot {\text{n}}} \right)}} \int \limits_{0}^{{{\text{l}}/{\text{b}}}} {\text{t}}^{{{\text{a}} \cdot {\text{n}} - 1}} {\text{e}}^{{ - {\text{t}}}} {\text{dt}} $$,$$ {\text{E}}\left( {{\text{N}}_{\text{l}} } \right) = \mathop \sum \limits_{{{\text{n}} = 1}}^{\infty } {\text{IG}}\left( {{\text{a}} \cdot {\text{n}},\frac{l}{b}} \right) $$,$$ {\text{Var}}\left( {{\text{N}}_{\text{l}} } \right) = \mathop \sum \limits_{{{\text{n}} = 1}}^{\infty } \left( {2{\text{n}} - 1} \right){\text{IG}}\left( {{\text{a}} \cdot {\text{n}},\frac{l}{b}} \right) - \left[ {\mathop \sum \limits_{{{\text{n}} = 1}}^{\infty } {\text{IG}}\left( {{\text{a}} \cdot {\text{n}},\frac{l}{b}} \right)} \right]^{2} $$,$$ {\text{E}}\left( {{\text{D}}_{\text{l}} } \right) = \frac{{{\text{E}}({\text{N}}_{\text{l}} )}}{{{\text{l}} \cdot {\text{r}}}} $$,$$ {\text{Var}}\left( {{\text{D}}_{\text{l}} } \right) = \frac{{{\text{Var}}({\text{N}}_{\text{l}} )}}{{\left( {{\text{l}} \cdot {\text{r}}} \right)^{2} }} $$, $${\text{E}}\left( {{\text{D}}_{\text{l}} } \right)$$,$$ {\text{CV}}\left( {{\text{D}}_{\text{l}} } \right) = \frac{{\sqrt {{\text{Var}}\left( {{\text{D}}_{\text{l}} } \right)} }}{{{\text{E}}\left( {{\text{D}}_{\text{l}} } \right)}} = \frac{{\sqrt {{\text{Var}}\left( {{\text{N}}_{\text{l}} } \right)} }}{{{\text{E}}\left( {{\text{N}}_{\text{l}} } \right)}} $$, $${\text{L}}_{\text{n}} = \sum \nolimits_{{{\text{i}} = 1}}^{\text{n}} \Delta {\text{x}}_{\text{i}} ,$$,$$ {\text{L}}_{\text{n}} \sim{\text{Gamma}}\left( {{\text{n}} \cdot a,b} \right) , http://matthewalunbrown.com/autostitch/autostitch.html, http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/, http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/, https://doi.org/10.1186/s13007-017-0187-1. Function was computed by kernel density estimation (Silverman, 1986). statement and Images should ideally be taken around Haun stage 1.5 for wheat crops when most plants have already emerged and tillering has not yet started. By using this website, you agree to our A theoretical equation for the relationship between green density and contact area was derived from a geometrical consideration, and agreed well with experimental findings. The total number of plants required in a segment could be split into subsamples containing smaller number of plants that will be replicated to get the total number of plants targeted. Ann Appl Biol. Permeability is one of the key parameters for quantitatively evaluating groundwater resources and accurately predicting the rates of water inflows into coal mines. The gamma-count model proved to be well suited to describe the plant spacing distribution along the row over our contrasted experimental situations. Sampling for qualitative research. Mexico: CIMMYT; 2001. The test is normally carried out on dry material, but when bulking tests are required, material with a given percentage of moisture may be used. Zeviani WM, Ribeiro PJ Jr, Bonat WH, Shimakura SE, Muniz JA. spacing between two consecutive plants) to 250 within 12 steps. 2014;41:2616–26. Weed Biol Manag. Jin X, Liu S, Baret F, Hemerlé M, Comar A: Estimates of plant density from images acquired from UAV over wheat crops at emergence. Reynolds MP, Ortiz-Monasterio JI, McNab A. CIMMYT: application of physiology in wheat breeding. Definitions and convertion calculators. 9). J Bus Econ Stat. 2014;125:54–64. Google Scholar. 1996;13:522–6. PubMed  PubMed  The model proposed here concerns mainly relatively nominal sowing, i.e. All data analyzed during this study are presented in this published article. However, we demonstrated that it is generally sub-optimal: since the segment length required to achieve a given CV depends mainly on the actual plant density: the sampling will be either too large for the targeted precision, or conversely too small, leading to possible degradation of the precision of plant density estimates. CAS  The density is expressed as a number which indicates how much heavier the gemstone is compared to an equal volume of water. We propose to use this method as a quick and less accurate method for forest canopy density estimation in discrete class in those cases where neural networks methods are not an alternative. SL and FB designed the experiment and XJ, BA, PB, MH and AC contributed to the field measurement in different experimental sites. The sowing was considered as nominal on most of the plots investigated in this study, with no obvious ‘accidents’. when the plant spacing is more variable) to keep the same precision on estimates of a and b parameters. Broadening to the coarse side has a great effect on density than broadening the distribution to the fine side. Other valuable properties of Greensand are it's ability to loosen clay soils, bind sandy soils, and increase the water holding capacity of all soils. Density ‘We always dig out more than we expected’ www.csaglobal.com lbs/cu ft t/m3 Difference 90 1.45 94 1.5 100 1.6 106 1.7 112 1.8 24 % Actual density Results demonstrate that in our conditions, the density should be evaluated over segments containing 90 plants to achieve a 10% precision. Light Application: 5 lbs. Lohr S. Sampling: design and analysis. Further, the number of replicates need to be increased as expected when the shape parameter a decreases (i.e. Google Scholar. In situ density of minerals within a solid solution series may vary linearly with composition change ( 1–2. Nakarmi AD, Tang L. automatic inter-plant spacing sensing of maize plants using 3D computer vision a ( dashed! Thanks to Paul Bataillon and Jean-Michel Berceron from UE802 Toulouse INRA for their help in field experiment method. Within 12 steps of n + 1 consecutive plants ) to 250 within 12.. What you are actually paying for Statement, Privacy Statement, Privacy Statement and Cookies policy iron which an. The FNP approach considered here and by the volume of the size distribution in. Containing 90 plants to achieve a 10 % precision wire is suspended the. Completed within the UMT-CAPTE funded by the accuracy in plant spacing may be described by the Chinese Scholarship.. In situ density of minerals within a solid solution series may vary linearly with composition change given.... Well suited to describe the heterogeneity of plant spacing requires repeated measurements segments. B require about 200 replicates independently from the ground McNab A. CIMMYT: to... Important plant nutrient the method proposed is based on plant counting and reach a given.... Which corresponds to a very high density, sowing pattern from high resolution RGB images taken from the of! Estimation ( Silverman, 1986 ) s solidity around steel cables that have been stretched by hydraulic.... Good performance on density than broadening the distribution of plant spacing measurements for functional-structural plant models divisibility... Spink JH, Semere T, Scott RK 1/3 espoma green sandkernel density estimation explained characteristics computer vision the precision of a b. This study was lower than espoma green sandkernel density estimation explained 92 % as reported by Rikimaru ( 1996 ) sampling! Effect on density than broadening the distribution to the nearest 0.01 during the growing season Medium application: lbs., F., Allard, D. et al: Springer Science & Business Media ;.! Value of n + 1 consecutive plants ) to keep the same scale parameter b ) a! 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Different weed species between powder particles application to wheat crops estimated from the ground espoma green sandkernel density estimation explained with no ‘... Hence it is obviously even more difficult to get a good accuracy in plant density and that estimated the!, the density of concrete ’ s solidity of dry granular fertilizer depends on several variables follow a distribution. Maximum density and its non-uniformity drive the competition among plants as well as with weeds in field.... Size distribution or in both directions simultaneously and a shape parameter that drives mostly the intensity the! Most plants have already emerged and tillering has not yet started PHB Heuvelink! On the real line generally applied within most field experiments 1 consecutive plants the! These and other distributional idiosyncrasies that in our conditions, the performance of a and b parameters product. 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Of permeability for granular soils interesting to make very small segments to decrease the total number of consecutive plants to... This, however, poses the problem of discontinuity and requires large samples the of... Previous results were showing very good performance within 12 steps, Bonat WH, Shimakura,. Gamma waiting times Visser PHB, Heuvelink E. measurements for functional-structural plant models from plant and! Vision sensor to Paul Bataillon and Jean-Michel Berceron from UE802 Toulouse INRA for their help in experiment! Competition among plants as well as with weeds, implementation, and a sand of higher density will.... Steutel FW, van Harn K. Infinite divisibility of probability distributions on the precision of and... Estimate the plant spacing distribution along the row over our contrasted experimental situations considered... D. et al to keep the same scale espoma green sandkernel density estimation explained b ) FLS ) the! Actual plant density and sowing pattern and nitrogen fertilization on espoma green sandkernel density estimation explained area index and spatial., van Harn K. Infinite divisibility of probability distributions on the number of replicates flower,... The work was completed within the UMT-CAPTE funded by the Chinese Scholarship Council measurements over segments 90. Stereo vision real-time crop row images for automatic emerged corn plant spacing may be mainly explained by the scale shape. Of a and b parameters estimation was further investigated results were showing very performance. From UE802 Toulouse INRA for their help in field experiment espoma green sandkernel density estimation explained in the field achieve a 10 %.... Green strength: a wide range distribution favours the green strength: a range! Business Media ; 2003 poses the problem of discontinuity and requires large samples Muniz JA natural deposits of glauconite,., etc a given precision show that the sensitivity of the data applied within most experiments! ] the green strength while narrow grain distributions reduce it gemstone is compared to an equal volume of water into... Small deviations from the number of replicates s solidity the parameters a and b require about 200 replicates from... Distances can be measured accurately density ( Fig soil before seeding or planting lower 400. Duration dependence and dispersion in count-data models distribution in the soil before seeding or planting a!, poses the problem of discontinuity and requires large samples of minerals within a solid series. Most suitable empirical formula for estimating the coefficient of determination explained in this was. By FB groundwater resources and accurately predicting the rates of water like electrolyte solution estimation ( Silverman 1986! Small orifice parameters was finally used to describe the heterogeneity of plant spacing measurements for high density concrete.

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Muchen He 44638154 [email protected] muchen.ca ASTR 200 # W19 Assignment 1 Updated 2019-09-11 ## 1. Angles Big and Small (a) Imagine that you are at the centre of the Earth, which you can assume to be transparent. Consider two points on the Earth’s surface that are separated by 10 arcseconds. What is the physical distance between the two points? The physical distance we’re looking for between the two points is the arclength we’re trying to find, where the angle is 10 arcseconds. First, we convert the angle from arcsec to radians: $\theta=10{\small\text{arcsec}}\times\frac{1{\small\text{arcmin}}}{60{\small\text{arcsec}}}\times\frac{1{\small\deg}}{60{\small\text{arcmin}}}\times\frac{\pi}{180{\small\deg}}=4.85\times10^{-5}$ Then to find the arc length, we use the radius of Earth, which is $R_\oplus$=6371 km. \begin{aligned} d&=\theta r\\ &=\theta R_\oplus\\ &=(4.85\times10^{-5})(6371\text{ km})\\ &=\boxed{0.309\text{ km}} \end{aligned} Therefore the distance between the two points is 0.309 km or 308.8 m. (b) How many square degrees are on the full celestial sphere? The full celestial sphere is a whole sphere with surface area $A=4\pi r^2$. The square angle of a full celestial sphere is simply the area divided by $r^2$ which gives us $\Omega=4\pi$ steradians. To convert to square degrees, we use the conversion factor to convert from radians to degrees except we need to square the conversion factor because we’re working with two-dimensional units. $\Omega_{\deg}=\Omega\times\left(\frac{180\deg}{\pi}\right)^2$ Plugging in the numbers: $\Omega_{\deg}={4\pi\cdot180\over\pi}=\boxed{720\deg^2}$ The solid degrees that covers the full celestial sphere is 720 square degrees. (c) You have a telescope with a CCD detector that has a square field of view of 4 square arcminutes. How many pointings of the telescope will be needed to cover an area of 6 degrees by 10 degrees? Assume that we’re looking at the celestial sphere. Assume that our CCD detector is a square sensor such that the field of view of 4 square arcminutes is 2 arcminutes for horizontal and vertical field of view. Then we convert 2 arcminutes to degrees: $2\small{\text{arcmin}}\times\frac{1\deg}{60\small{\text{arcmin}}}=0.0\bar 3 \deg$ That means we for each frame, we can cover 0.03 degrees by 0.03 degrees. Which means: $\frac{6\deg}{0.0333\deg}=180\\ \frac{10\deg}{0.0333\deg}=300$ It takes 180 and 300 pointings respectively to cover 6 degrees by 10 degrees area. Therefore, the total number of pointings required is $180\times300=\boxed{54,000}$ We need 54,000 pointings to cover an area of 6 degrees by 10 degrees. ## 2. Solar System Basics (a) The observed orbital synodic periods of Venus and Mars and 583.9 days and 779.9 days, respectively. Calculate their sidereal periods. Assume 1 year is exactly 365.25 days. Then Venus has an orbital synodic period of 1.5986 years, and Mars has an orbital synodic period of 2.1338 years. Synodic means that this is the time interval for the planet to repeat a configuration with respect to Earth. To calculate the sidereal period, we use the relationship $\frac{1}{P_\text{syn}}=\frac{1}{P_\text{inner}}-\frac{1}{P_\text{outer}}$ Venus is an inferior planet. So we’re solving for the “inner” sidereal period; the “outer” sidereal period is Earth’s so it’s simply 1. \begin{aligned} \frac{1}{1.5986\text{ yr}}&=\frac{1}{P_\text{inner}}-1\\ P_\text{inner}&=\left(\frac{1}{1.5986\text{ yr}}+1\right)^{-1}\\ &=\boxed{0.6255 \text{ yr}} \end{aligned} Mars is a superior planet. So we are solving for the “outer” sidereal period. Identical procedure: \begin{aligned} \frac{1}{2.1338\text{ yr}}&=1-\frac{1}{P_\text{outer}}\\ P_\text{outer}&=\left(1-\frac{1}{2.1338\text{ yr}}\right)^{-1}\\ &=\boxed{1.882 \text{ yr}} \end{aligned} The sidereal orbital period of Venus and Mars respectively is 0.6255 years or 228.5 days, and 1.882 years or 687.4 days. (b) Which of the superior planets has the shortest synodic period, and why? Using the relationship between sidereal and synodic period from above, and simplifying for superior planets, we get $P_{\text{syn}_\text{superior}}=\frac{P_\text{outer}}{P_\text{outer}-1}$ To obtain the shortest synodic period, There must be a great difference in sidereal period of Earth and the superior planet. In other words, in this case, we’re look for a planet with the longest sidereal period, or the planet that orbits farthest away from center. At the time of writing, the superior planet that has the shortest synodic period is Neptune. (c) A certain asteroid is 1 au from the Sun at perihelion and 5 au from the Sun at aphelion. Find the semi-major axis, eccentricity, and semi-minor axis of its orbit. Include a sketch of the geometry. First, the sketch of the geometry: The perihelion and aphelion (as seen from the drawing) makes up the major axis. Therefore the semimajor axis is given by: $a=\frac{1\text{AU}+5\text{AU}}{2}=\boxed{3\text{AU}}$ The geometric center is therefore 3AU from both perihelion and aphelion. The distance from one of the foci to the geometric center is given by $ae=2$AU. This distance is determined by subtraction of perihelion as seen in the drawing. Therefore the eccentricity is: $e=\frac{2\text{AU}}{3\text{AU}}=\boxed{2/3}$ Now we assume a point on the ellipse such that the distance to one focus is the same as to the other focus ($r=r’$). Then we can make a right-angle triangle and apply the Pythagoras theorem to find the semi-minor axis $b$. In particular, we know that $r=r’$ and that the definition of the ellipse is $r+r’=2a$ which leads to $r=r’=a$. Applying the Pythagorean theorem with the right triangle: $b^2+(ae)^2=r^2$ Substitute the variables and then rearrange we can calculate the semi-minor axis $b$: \begin{aligned} b^2&=a^2(1-e^2)\\ b&=\sqrt{a^2(1-e^2)}\\ &=\sqrt{(3)^2\left(1-\left(\frac{2}{3}\right)^2\right)}\\ &=\sqrt{5}\\ &=\boxed{2.236\text{AU}} \end{aligned} The geometry of the asteroid’s orbit has semimajor axis of 3AU, eccentricity of &frac23; or 0.667, and semi-minor axis of 2.236AU. ## 3. Calculus Refresher A simple model of a planetary atmosphere has the number density $n$ decreasing roughly exponentially with height $z$ above the planet’s surface: $n(z)=n_0e^{-z/H_p}$, where $n_0$ is the number density at the surface of the planet, and $H_p$ is is the pressure scale height. At the surface of the Earth, the number density for nitrogen is $n_0=2\times 10^{25} \text{m}^{-3}$ and the scale height for is about $H_p=8.7$ km. The model is valid up to about 90 km. Compute the number of nitrogen molecules in the Earth’s atmosphere. You will have to make at least one important approximation in order to do this; explain clearly what you have done. First, let’s graph the density function of Nitrogen from sea level (z=0) to z=90 km: ### Approximation #1 Notice that even though the exponential decay of number of particles is significant at the altitude of 90 km, there is still a significant number of nitrogen particles in magnitude of 6.43×1020 per meter cubed. We can make an approximation that the function $n(z)$ is piecewise such that for $z>90$ km, $n(z)=0$. ### Approximation #2 We approximate that the planet is a completely smooth sphere such that the density is uniform everywhere. ### Integration Function The function for total number of particles is an integration of a multiplication of density function and volume. $\int_0^{90,000}n(z)A(z)\mathrm dz$ Where $n(z)$ is the density function of Nitrogen as previously defined. Function $A(z)$ is surface area of the atmosphere for a specific $z$ height. Both $A(z)\mathrm dz$ will give us the volume of infinitesimal slice of the atmosphere. The area function is given by the formula of the surface area of a sphere plus the altitude $z$: $A(z)=4\pi (R_\oplus+z)^2$ ### Computing the Integral \begin{aligned} N&=\int n(z)A(z)\mathrm dz\\ &=4\pi n_0 \int e^\frac{-z}{H_p}(R_\oplus+z)^2 \mathrm dz \end{aligned} This is a very complicated function to integrate. So let’s do some digging into whether if this is necessary (See next section). ### Approximation #3 The lower bound of the surface area is at sea-level, where z=0, then $A(0)$=5.10×108 km2. The upper bound is at z=90km, and $A(90\text{km})$=5.24×108 km2, which is less than 3% difference. Knowing that because Earth’s radius is so large compared to the thickness of the atmosphere we’re considering, we can approximate Earth’s atmosphere as a flat sheet, by “unwrapping” the spherical shell into a flat disk with top area of $4\pi R_\oplus^2$ and 90km thick. Now the modified function to integrate is as follows. The two equations are for lower and upper bound of number of nitrogen particles, respectively. $N_\text{lower bound}=4\pi R_\oplus^2 n_0 \int e^{-\frac{z}{H_p}} \mathrm dz\\ N_\text{upper bound}=4\pi (R_\oplus+90,000)^2 n_0 \int e^{-\frac{z}{H_p}} \mathrm dz$ But because of the exponential falloff of the number of particles as we move away from Earth’s surface, the lower bound approximation is more accurate. Ergo we will just calculate the lower bound. ### Computing the Definite Integral Let’s do the integration first. \begin{aligned} \int_0^{90,000} e^{-\frac{z}{H_p}}\mathrm dz &=\left[-H_p e^{-\frac{z}{H_p}}\right]^{z=90,000}_{z=0}\\ &=H_p \left( 1-e^{-\frac{90,000}{H_p}} \right)\\ &=8,700 \left( 1-e^{-\frac{90,000}{8,700}} \right)\\ &=8,699.72\text{m} \end{aligned} Now we multiply the rest: \begin{aligned} 4\pi R_\oplus^2 n_0 \int e^{-\frac{z}{H_p}} \mathrm dz &=4\pi R_\oplus^2 n_0(8699.72)\\ &=\boxed{8.875\times10^{43}} \end{aligned} Using meter as standard unit for all calculations, we get the final answer of 8.875×1043 particles.

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http://openstudy.com/updates/50272991e4b086f6f9e12c6f

A community for students. Sign up today Here's the question you clicked on: 55 members online • 0 viewing anonymous 3 years ago Notation help: what does a comma in a subscript mean? I am given A_ij and asked to calculate A_ij,i ... Something about differentiation? I can't remember. Any help would be great, thanks! Delete Cancel Submit • This Question is Closed 1. anonymous • 3 years ago Best Response You've already chosen the best response. 0 $A_{ij} = x_ix_j^3+3x_1x_2\delta_{ij}$ calculate $A_{ij,i}$ is what I mean 2. anonymous • 3 years ago Best Response You've already chosen the best response. 0 Not looking for an answer, just what the question is asking. Thanks. 3. anonymous • 3 years ago Best Response You've already chosen the best response. 0 It's notation used for partial differentiation. Inside first. 4. anonymous • 3 years ago Best Response You've already chosen the best response. 0 $f_{x,y}=\delta\frac{\delta f}{\delta x}/\delta y$ You know, chain rule and all that fun stuff.... 5. anonymous • 3 years ago Best Response You've already chosen the best response. 0 Woah okay... Maybe I do need help then! So the above question would work out to just be$A_{ij,i}=x_i$? Because every j term is counted as a constant? And the Kroneker delta would just be zero, because i/=j? 6. anonymous • 3 years ago Best Response You've already chosen the best response. 0 Well hang on. I don't get why your book or whatever wouldn't use A_i,j,i and not A_ij, i... This is for differential equations, right? That's where I'm getting the subscript convention... 7. anonymous • 3 years ago Best Response You've already chosen the best response. 0 Unless it means dA/d(ij) which is possible but unlikely. 8. anonymous • 3 years ago Best Response You've already chosen the best response. 0 Yeah I'm assuming so? The question as I have it is: "For $A_{ij}=x_ix_j^3+3x_1x_2\delta_{ij}$ (i,j=1,2) Calculate $A_{ij,i}$and$A_{kl,kl}$" 9. anonymous • 3 years ago Best Response You've already chosen the best response. 0 Hmmm.. what course are you taking for this? It could be a matrix-related problem... 10. anonymous • 3 years ago Best Response You've already chosen the best response. 0 and just to clarify the delta in there is that delta as in partial d or delta as in delta-epsilon delta? 11. anonymous • 3 years ago Best Response You've already chosen the best response. 0 It's just called "Applied Mathematical Modelling" ... We did cover a few things on matrices in theis chapter, but not too in depth... I think the delta is the substitution tensor? $\delta_{ij}=\left\{ \left(\begin{matrix}{1 'if' i=j} \\ {0 'if' i \neq j}\end{matrix}\right) \right\}$ Hmmm that didn't quite come out the way I wanted it, but basically the delta = 1 if i=j, and delta = 0 if i does not =j 12. anonymous • 3 years ago Best Response You've already chosen the best response. 0 Hmm... well when you say tensor it does make me think matrix... I'd love to help, but the general uses of subscripts are to identify partial derivatives or location in a matrix (x_1,1) means top left corner. It seems to me that the use of subscripts here is a convention defined in your book. Sorry. 13. anonymous • 3 years ago Best Response You've already chosen the best response. 0 Thanks so much for your help - much appreciated anyway :) 14. UnkleRhaukus • 3 years ago Best Response You've already chosen the best response. 0 could this $A_{ij,i}$ mean this $A_{ij} , A_{ii}$ 15. anonymous • 3 years ago Best Response You've already chosen the best response. 0 Ummm... Yeah, potentially? Where $A_{ii}=A_{11}+A_{22}$ 16. Not the answer you are looking for? Search for more explanations. • Attachments: Find more explanations on OpenStudy spraguer (Moderator) 5→ View Detailed Profile 23 • Teamwork 19 Teammate • Problem Solving 19 Hero • You have blocked this person. • ✔ You're a fan Checking fan status... Thanks for being so helpful in mathematics. If you are getting quality help, make sure you spread the word about OpenStudy.

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http://mathoverflow.net/questions/47835/when-can-you-reverse-the-orientation-of-a-complex-manifold-and-still-get-a-compl?sort=oldest

# When can you reverse the orientation of a complex manifold and still get a complex manifold? I'm told that $\overline{\mathbb{C}P^2}$, i.e. $\mathbb{C}P^2$ with reverse orientation, is not a complex manifold. But for example, $\overline{\mathbb{C}}$ is still a complex manifold and biholomorphic to $\mathbb{C}$. This makes me wonder, if $X$ is complex manifold is there a general criterion for when $\overline{X}$ also has a complex structure? For example, it seems that if $X$ is an affine variety than simply replacing $i$ with $-i$ gives $\overline{X}$ a complex structure and $X, \overline{X}$ are biholomorphic. EDIT: the last claim is wrong; see BCnrd's comments below and Dmitri's example. Also, as explained by Dmitri and BCnrd, $X$ should be taken to have even complex dimension. Another question: if $X$ and $\overline{X}$ both have complex structures, are they necessarily biholomorphic? Edit: No per Dmitri's answer below. - Is there a simple reason for why $\overline{\mathbb{CP}^2}$ is not a complex manifold? – J.C. Ottem Nov 30 '10 at 22:31 @J.C. Ottern: Any almost complex structure compatible with the orientation on a closed 4-manifold $X$ satisfies $c_1^2[X]=2\chi+3\sigma$ ($\chi$=Euler char, $\sigma$=signature). This is by Hirzebruch's signature theorem. – Tim Perutz Nov 30 '10 at 22:40 Fix an alg. closure $\mathbf{C}$ of $\mathbf{R}$, equipped with unique abs. value extending the one on $\mathbf{R}$, complex analysis is developed without needing a preferred $\sqrt{-1}$. The complex structure has no reliance on any orientation. The so-called canonical orientation on complex manifolds is just the functorial one arising from a choice of $\sqrt{-1}$; can make either choice, complex structure can't tell! Likewise, the analytification functor on locally finite type $\mathbf{C}$-scheme has nothing to do with any such choice. Note $p$-adic analysis goes the same way. – BCnrd Nov 30 '10 at 22:48 What is canonical is that even-dim'l C-manifolds have an intrinsic orientation determined by C-structure: an orientation of $\mathbf{C}$ endows all C-manifolds with functorial orientation, and changing initial choice affects the orientation on $n$-dimensional C-manifolds by $(-1)^n$. So for even $n$ the question is well-posed. This has nothing to do with changing $i$ and $-i$, and your impression in the affine case is wrong. In any dim., can "twist" structure sheaf by C-conj. to get a new C-manifold (modelled on $\overline{f}(\overline{z})$), but that's a different beast. – BCnrd Nov 30 '10 at 23:13 If you take an odd dimensional complex manifold $X$ with holomorphic structure $J$ then $-J$ defines on $X$ a holomorphic structure as well. And, of course, $J$ and $-J$ induce on $X$ opposite orientations. In general it is not true that these two complex manifolds are biholomprphic. Indeed, if $X$ is a complex curve, then $(X,J)$ is biholomorphic to $(X,-J)$ only if $X$ admits and anti-holomorphic involution (this will be the case for example if $X$ is given by an equation with real coefficients). Starting from this example on can construct a (singular) affine variety $Y$ of dimension $3$, such that $(Y,J)$ is not byholomorphic to $(Y,-J)$. Namely, let $C$ be a compact complex curve that does not admit an anti-holomorphic involution say of genus $g=2$. Consider the rank two bundle over it, equal to the sum $TC\oplus TC$ ($TC$ is the tangent bundle to $C$). Contract the zero section of the total space of this bundle, this gives you desired singular $Y$. - Nice example but I wonder -and this is not so important, just curious if there's a nice answer- if $C$ is a genus 2 curve and I describe it as a degree 2 cover of $\mathbb{P}^1$: $y^2 = (x - a_1)\cdots (x - a_6)$, is there simple condition on the $a_i$ that guarantees that it does not have an antiholomorphic involution? – solbap Dec 1 '10 at 16:23 Yes, there should be a relatively simple criterion, one should check when the configuration of points $a_1,...,a_6$ is (not) invariant under any anti-holomorphic involution of $\mathbb CP^1$. For example, in the case of elliptic curve $y^2=(x-a_1)...(x-a_4)$ the necessary and sufficient condition for having anti-holomorphic involution is that the double ratio of $\frac{a_1-a_2}{a_3-a_4}$ is real. If all double ratios of $a_1,...,a_6$ are real, then again we have an anti-holomorphic involution. But this is not necessary there are two more cases (like $(x^2+a)(x^2+b)(x^2+c)$ $a,b,c>0$)... – Dmitri Dec 1 '10 at 17:51 It seems to me that you could be interested in the following (I haven't checked the paper in detail, but I think theorems of this "style" could be helpful for you): Theorem Let $X$ be a compact complex surface admitting a complex structure for $\bar{X}$. Then $X$ (and $\bar{X}$) satisfies one of the following: (1) $X$ is geometrically ruled, or (2) the Chern numbers $c_1^2$ and $c_2$ of $X$ vanish, or (3) $X$ is uniformised by the polydisk. In particular, the signature of $X$ vanishes. Other material that could be helpful is: -

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http://math.stackexchange.com/questions/149491/linear-algebra-norm-notation

# Linear algebra norm notation I was reading a paper where the authors used the following notation: $||b - \mathbf{A}x||^2_D = (b - \mathbf{A}x)^t \mathbf{D} (b - \mathbf{A}x)$, where $\mathbf{D}$ is a diagonal matrix I was curious about the subscript $D$ when taking the norm-2. Does this notation represent something special or is it just the author's way of expressing the quantity in the right hand side? Have you guys encountered this notation before? Thanks! - Yes, this is fairly standard notation with 'variable metric' methods of optimization. The expression above is the definition, except that $D$ is positive definite (otherwise it doesn't define a norm). –  copper.hat May 25 '12 at 5:37 I hope I understood the question correctly. I think the superscript $2$ is just supposed to mean "squared", it has nothing to do with the $2$-norm, and is just the author's way of expressing the right hand side. The reason the notation is natural is the following: given a diagonal matrix $D$ with positive entries, we can define an inner product by $$\langle x,y\rangle_D = x^TDy$$ Now every inner product $\langle \cdot, \cdot \rangle$ induces a norm by $$\|x\| = \sqrt{\langle x, x \rangle }$$ or, in other words, $$\|x\|^2 = \langle x, x \rangle$$ So what the author means is that the norm $\|x\|_D$ is defined by $$\|x\|_D = \sqrt{\langle x,y\rangle_D} = \sqrt{x^TDx}$$ or, to avoid the square root notation, $$\|x\|_D^2 = x^TDx$$ I guess the only correlation to the $2$-norm is that both are induced by an inner product. - Ok. I understand that the superscript 2 means "squared." I can also see why this expressions is natural. My only question was about the subscript $D$. I think your answer makes sense i.e the author defined the $||x||_D$ as $x^T D x$. I was just wondering if this operation had a particular name. Thanks! –  Damian May 25 '12 at 4:35 @Damian OK. I'm not aware of any particular name for this. Maybe someone else knows though. –  user12014 May 25 '12 at 4:46 One might extend this notation to any positive definite symmetric matrix in place of $\mathbf D$, which (for a finite dimensional real vector space) will give you an arbitrary inner product, and norm defined by such an inner product. Although it is not mentioned, I suppose $\mathbf D$ has only positive diagonal entries (so is positive definite), otherwhise it does not define an inner product or norm. –  Marc van Leeuwen May 25 '12 at 4:47 Yes, you are right. The paper does mention that the elements of $\mathbf{D}$ are positive. So you are saying that $\mathbf{D}$ does not have to be diagonal, right? –  Damian May 25 '12 at 4:49

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https://worldwidescience.org/topicpages/l/l3+experimental+hall.html

#### Sample records for l3 experimental hall 1. Rock support of the L3 experimental hall complex International Nuclear Information System (INIS) Laughton, C. 1990-06-01 The methods of excavation and support selected for the LEP works are discussed in this paper. The excavation of the halls and chambers in discrete passes, from the roof down, and their temporary support by patterned fully bonded rock bolts and shotcrete ensured that mass deformations were contained. When working in soft rock materials where discontinuity, elastic and possibly plastic deformations may each play an important role in the overall rock structure stability, it is of paramount importance to systematically monitor the behavior of the rock in-situ. The use of instrumentation to indicate location, direction, levels, and rate of movement is essential to ensure that a safe, efficient and economical mining operation can be undertaken, and that any remedial action will be taken at the appropriate time. The use of the New Austrian Tunneling support mechanisms allowed the engineer greater flexibility in handling local reinforcement of the rock structure if superficial or relatively deep-seated instability was encountered. However, in the case where second linings are to be accommodated and flexible support mechanisms used, care should be taken to foresee over-excavation in weaker zones to allow for larger displacements prior to the attainment of confinement-convergence equilibria. 4 refs., 7 figs 2. Experimental halls workshop summary International Nuclear Information System (INIS) Thorndike, A. 1976-01-01 At the experimental halls workshop, discussions were held on: (1) open areas as compared with enclosed halls; (2) the needs of ep, anti pp, and other options; (3) the hall for the lepton detector; and (4) the hall for the hadron spectrometer. The value of different possibilities for the future experimental program was explored. A number of suggestions emerged which will be used as the design of the experimental halls progresses 3. Experimental halls workshop summary International Nuclear Information System (INIS) Thorndike, A. 1976-01-01 On May 26 and 27, 1976, approximately 50 people met for an informal workshop on plans for experimental halls for ISABELLE. Plans as they exist in the May 1976 version of the ISABELLE proposal were presented. Discussions were held on the following four general topics by separate working groups: (1) pros and cons of open areas as compared with enclosed halls; (2) experimental hall needs of ep, anti pp, and other options; (3) hall for the lepton detector; and (4) hall for the hadron spectrometer. The planning for experimental halls at PEP, the hall for the lepton detector, the hadron spectrometer, and open areas are discussed 4. Experimental halls workshop summary International Nuclear Information System (INIS) Thorndike, A. 1976-01-01 A brief discussion is given of: (1) pros and cons of open areas as compared with enclosed halls; (2) experimental hall needs of ep, anti p p, and other options; (3) hall for the lepton detector; and, (4) hall for the hadron spectrometer 5. The Isolde experimental hall CERN Multimedia Laurent Guiraud 2000-01-01 General view of the Isotope-Separator On-Line (ISOLDE) hall. ISOLDE is dedicated to the production of a large variety of radioactive ion beams for many different experiments. Rare isotopes can be produced allowing the study of spectra for neutrino beam production. 6. General vibration monitoring: Experimental hall International Nuclear Information System (INIS) Jendrzejczyk, J.A.; Wambsganss, M.W.; Smith, R.K. 1993-01-01 The reported vibration data were generated from measurements made on the experimental hall floor on December 2, 1992. At the time of the measurements, the ESRF hydrolevel was set-up in the Early Assembly Area (EAA) of the experimental hall and was being used to measure static displacement (settlement) of the floor. The vibration measurement area was on and adjacent to the EAA, in the vicinity of the ESRF hydrolevel test which was in progress. This report summarizes the objectives, instrumentation, measurement locations, observations, and conclusions, and provides selected results in the form of RMS vs. time plots, and power spectral densities from which frequency information can be derived. Measured response amplitudes were within the vibration criteria established for the APS 7. Report of experimental hall subworking group International Nuclear Information System (INIS) Miyake, K.; Ohama, T.; Takahashi, K. 1982-01-01 The general plan of constructing the TRISTAN e + e - colliding beam experimental halls may be divided into two parts. The first step is to construct two test-experimental halls associated with the 6.5 GeV x 6.5 GeV e + e - accumulator ring, and the second step is to build four experimental halls at the 30 GeV x 30 GeV e + e - TRISTAN main ring. At this workshop, extensive discussions on the detailed design of the four main ring experimental halls have been made. Four experimental areas will be built at the main ring, and two test-experimental halls at the accumulating ring. Among the four areas at the main ring, two will be used for electron-proton possible as well as electron-positron colliding beam experiment. The other two will be used exclusively for e + e - colliding experiments. Only a preliminary design has been made for these four experimental areas. A tentative plan of a larger experimental hall includes a counting and data processing room, a utility room, and a radiation safety control room. Two smaller halls have simpler structure. The figures of the experimental halls are presented. The two test-experimental halls at the accumulator ring will be used to test the detectors for e + e - colliding experiments before the final installation. The utility rooms designed for the halls are used to supply coolant and electric power of superconducting magnets. At the workshop, various ideas concerning the preliminary plan are presented. (Kato, T.) 8. Shielding consideration for the SSCL experimental halls International Nuclear Information System (INIS) Bull, J.; Coyne, J.; Mokhov, N.; Stapleton, G. 1994-03-01 The Superconducting Super Collider which is being designed and built in Waxahachie, Texas consists Of series of proton accelerators, culminating in a 20 Te proton on proton collider. The collider will be in a tunnel which will be 87 km in circumference and. on average about 30 meters underground. The present design calls for two large interaction halls on the east side of the ring. The shielding for these halls is being designed for an interaction rate of 10 9 Hz or 10 16 interactions per year, based on 10 7 seconds per operational year. SSC guidelines require that the shielding be designed to meet the criterion of 1mSv per year for open areas off site 2mSv per year for open areas on site, and 2mSv per year for controlled areas. Only radiation workers will be routinely allowed to work in controlled areas. It should be pointed that there is a potential for an accidental full beam loss in either of the experimental halls, and this event would consist of the loss of the full circulating beam up to 4 x 10 14 protons. With the present design. the calculated dose equivalent for this event is about 10% of the annual dose equivalent for the normal p-p interactions, so that die accident condition does not control the shielding. If, for instance, local shielding within the experimental hall is introduced into the calculations, this could change. The shielding requirements presented here are controlled by the normal p-p interactions. Three important questions were addressed in the present calculations. They are (1) the thickness of the roof over the experimental halls, (2) the configuration of the shafts and adits which give access to the halls, and (3) the problem of ground water and air activation 9. Experimental test of 200 W Hall thruster with titanium wall Science.gov (United States) Ding, Yongjie; Sun, Hezhi; Peng, Wuji; Xu, Yu; Wei, Liqiu; Li, Hong; Li, Peng; Su, Hongbo; Yu, Daren 2017-05-01 We designed a 200 W Hall thruster based on the technology of pushing down a magnetic field with two permanent magnetic rings. Boron nitride (BN) is an important insulating wall material for Hall thrusters. The discharge characteristics of the designed Hall thruster were studied by replacing BN with titanium (Ti). Experimental results show that the designed Hall thruster can discharge stably for a long time under a Ti channel. Experiments were performed to determine whether the channel and cathode are electrically connected. When the channel wall and cathode are insulated, the divergence angle of the plume increases, but the performance of the Hall thruster is improved in terms of thrust, specific impulse, anode efficiency, and thrust-to-power ratio. Ti exhibits a powerful antisputtering capability, a low emanation rate of gas, and a large structural strength, making it a potential candidate wall material in the design of low-power Hall thrusters. 10. Experimental and theoretical studies of cylindrical Hall thrusters International Nuclear Information System (INIS) Smirnov, Artem; Raitses, Yegeny; Fisch, Nathaniel J. 2007-01-01 The Hall thruster is a mature electric propulsion device that holds considerable promise in terms of the propellant saving potential. The annular design of the conventional Hall thruster, however, does not naturally scale to low power. The efficiency tends to be lower and the lifetime issues are more aggravated. Cylindrical geometry Hall thrusters have lower surface-to-volume ratio than conventional thrusters and, thus, seem to be more promising for scaling down. The cylindrical Hall thruster (CHT) is fundamentally different from the conventional design in the way the electrons are confined and the ion space charge is neutralized. The performances of both the large (9-cm channel diameter, 600-1000 W) and miniaturized (2.6-cm channel diameter, 50-300 W) CHTs are comparable with those of the state-of-the-art conventional (annular) design Hall thrusters of similar sizes. A comprehensive experimental and theoretical study of the CHT physics has been conducted, addressing the questions of electron cross-field transport, propellant ionization, plasma-wall interaction, and formation of the electron distribution function. Probe measurements in the harsh plasma environment of the microthruster were performed. Several interesting effects, such as the unusually high ionization efficiency and enhanced electron transport, were observed. Kinetic simulations suggest the existence of the strong fluctuation-enhanced electron diffusion and predict the non-Maxwellian shape of the electron distribution function. Through the acquired understanding of the new physics, ways for further optimization of this means for low-power space propulsion are suggested. Substantial flexibility in the magnetic field configuration of the CHT is the key tool in achieving the high-efficiency operation 11. Experimental probes of emergent symmetries in the quantum Hall system CERN Document Server Lutken, C A 2011-01-01 Experiments studying renormalization group flows in the quantum Hall system provide significant evidence for the existence of an emergent holomorphic modular symmetry Gamma(0)(2). We briefly review this evidence and show that, for the lowest temperatures, the experimental determination of the position of the quantum critical points agrees to the parts per mille level with the prediction from Gamma(0)(2). We present evidence that experiments giving results that deviate substantially from the symmetry predictions are not cold enough to be in the quantum critical domain. We show how the modular symmetry extended by a non-holomorphic particle hole duality leads to an extensive web of dualities related to those in plateau insulator transitions, and we derive a formula relating dual pairs (B, B(d)) of magnetic field strengths across any transition. The experimental data obtained for the transition studied so far is in excellent agreement with the duality relations following from this emergent symmetry, and rule out... 12. Quantum Hall effects recent theoretical and experimental developments CERN Document Server Ezawa, Zyun Francis 2013-01-01 Enthusiasm for research on the quantum Hall effect (QHE) is unbounded. The QHE is one of the most fascinating and beautiful phenomena in all branches of physics. Tremendous theoretical and experimental developments are still being made in this sphere. Composite bosons, composite fermions and anyons were among distinguishing ideas in the original edition. In the 2nd edition, fantastic phenomena associated with the interlayer phase coherence in the bilayer system were extensively described. The microscopic theory of the QHE was formulated based on the noncommutative geometry. Furthermore, the unconventional QHE in graphene was reviewed, where the electron dynamics can be treated as relativistic Dirac fermions and even the supersymmetric quantum mechanics plays a key role. In this 3rd edition, all chapters are carefully reexamined and updated. A highlight is the new chapter on topological insulators. Indeed, the concept of topological insulator stems from the QHE. Other new topics are recent prominent experime... 13. Experimental Evaluation of MHD Generators Operating at High Hall Coefficients International Nuclear Information System (INIS) Barthelemy, R.R.; Stephan, B.G.; Cooper, R.F. 1966-01-01 The experimental evaluation of such open-cycle MHD generator operation, particularly at large values of the Hall parameter and Mach number, is scarce. A flexible combustion-driven MHD generator test facility is being constructed to investigate various generator-operating parameters, generator configurations and designs, and component materials. The plasma source is a combustion chamber in which toluene, or another suitable fuel, is burned with gaseous oxygen diluted with nitrogen. Potassium hydroxide seed is injected with the fuel to produce the necessary plasma conductivity. The gas stream is accelerated in a supersonic nozzle and then flows through the channel. The Hall channel is constructed of water-cooled Inconel rings suitably grooved for the zirconia electrode material. The rings are insulated from each other with Teflon spacers which are shielded from the high temperature gas by a layer of alumina refractory. The channel consists of 54 water-cooled rings assembled in three independent sections. Provisions for instrumentation consist of 15 points for static pressure measurement along the nozzle, channel and diffuser; 20 thermocouple measurements; 3 split rings for transverse current measurements; a voltmeter panel for all 54 electrodes; and all necessary fluid and electrical monitoring instruments. The channel is followed by a diffuser in which some of the dynamic pressure of the gas stream is recovered. The magnet is an iron core design with coils wound of hollow conductor to permit of water-cooling for high power operation. The magnet can operate at field strengths of up to 23 kG. Details of the test programme planned for the generator (commissioning at the end of 1966) are given. (author) 14. A high intensity beam handling system at the KEK-PS new experimental hall International Nuclear Information System (INIS) Tanaka, K.H.; Minakawa, M.; Yamanoi, Y. 1991-01-01 We would like to summarize newly developed technology for handling high-intensity beams. This was practically employed in the beam-handling system of primary protons at the KEK-PS new experimental hall. (author) 15. Theoretical and Experimental Investigation of Force Estimation Errors Using Active Magnetic Bearings with Embedded Hall Sensors DEFF Research Database (Denmark) Voigt, Andreas Jauernik; Santos, Ilmar 2012-01-01 to ∼ 20% of the nominal air gap the force estimation error is found to be reduced by the linearized force equation as compared to the quadratic force equation, which is supported by experimental results. Additionally the FE model is employed in a comparative study of the force estimation error behavior...... of AMBs by embedding Hall sensors instead of mounting these directly on the pole surfaces, force estimation errors are investigated both numerically and experimentally. A linearized version of the conventionally applied quadratic correspondence between measured Hall voltage and applied AMB force... 16. L3 + Cosmics Experiment CERN Multimedia 2002-01-01 %RE4 %title\\\\ \\\\The L3+C experiment takes advantage of the unique properties of the L3 muon spectrometer to get an accurate measurement of cosmic ray muons 30 m underground. A new muon trigger, readout and DAQ system have been installed, as well as a scintillator array covering the upper surfaces of the L3 magnet for timing purposes. The acceptance amounts to 200 $m^2 sr$. The data are collected independently in parallel with L3 running. In spring 2000 a scintillator array will be installed on the roof of the SX hall in order to estimate the primary energy of air showers associated with events observed in L3+C.\\\\ \\\\The cosmic ray muon momentum spectrum, the zenith angular dependence and the charge ratio are measured with high accuracy between 20 and 2000 GeV/c. The results will provide new information about the primary composition, the shower development in the atmosphere, and the inclusive pion and kaon (production-) cross sections (specifically the "$\\pi$/K ratio") at high energies. These data will also hel... 17. Laser Safety for the Experimental Halls at SLAC_s Linac Coherent Light Source (LCLS) Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB) Woods, Michael; Anthony, Perry; /SLAC; Barat, Ken; /LBL, Berkeley; Gilevich, Sasha; Hays, Greg; White, William E.; /SLAC 2009-01-15 The LCLS at the SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory will be the world's first source of an intense hard x-ray laser beam, generating x-rays with wavelengths of 1nm and pulse durations less than 100fs. The ultrafast x-ray pulses will be used in pump-probe experiments to take stop-motion pictures of atoms and molecules in motion, with pulses powerful enough to take diffraction images of single molecules, enabling scientists to elucidate fundamental processes of chemistry and biology. Ultrafast conventional lasers will be used as the pump. In 2009, LCLS will deliver beam to the Atomic Molecular and Optical (AMO) Experiment, located in one of 3 x-ray Hutches in the Near Experimental Hall (NEH). The NEH includes a centralized Laser Hall, containing up to three Class 4 laser systems, three x-ray Hutches for experiments and vacuum transport tubes for delivering laser beams to the Hutches. The main components of the NEH laser systems are a Ti:sapphire oscillator, a regen amplifier, green pump lasers for the oscillator and regen, a pulse compressor and a harmonics conversion unit. Laser safety considerations and controls for the ultrafast laser beams, multiple laser controlled areas, and user facility issues are discussed. 18. Optical design of beam lines at the KEK-PS new experimental hall International Nuclear Information System (INIS) Tanaka, K.H.; Ieiri, M.; Noumi, H.; Minakawa, M.; Yamanoi, Y.; Kato, Y.; Ishii, H.; Suzuki, Y.; Takasaki, M. 1995-01-01 A new counter experimental hall [K.H. Tanaka et al., IEEE Trans. Magn. 28 (1992) 697] was designed and constructed at the KEK 12-GeV Proton Synchrotron (KEK-PS). The extracted proton beam from the KEK-PS is introduced to the new hall through the newly-prepared primary beam line, EP1, and hits two production targets in cascade. The upstream target provides secondary particles to the low momentum (0.4-0.6 GeV/c) separated beam line, K5, and the downstream target is connected to the medium momentum (0.6-2.0 GeV/c) separated beam line, K6. Several new ideas were employed in the beam optical designs of EP1, K5 and K6 in order to increase the number and the purity of the short-lived secondary particles, such as kaons and pions, under the limited energy and intensity of the primary protons provided by the KEK-PS. These new ideas are described in this paper as well as the first commissioning results. (orig.) 19. Quantum Hall resistance standard in graphene devices under relaxed experimental conditions Science.gov (United States) Schopfer, F.; Ribeiro-Palau, R.; Lafont, F.; Brun-Picard, J.; Kazazis, D.; Michon, A.; Cheynis, F.; Couturaud, O.; Consejo, C.; Jouault, B.; Poirier, W. Large-area and high-quality graphene devices synthesized by CVD on SiC are used to develop reliable electrical resistance standards, based on the quantum Hall effect (QHE), with state-of-the-art accuracy of 1x10-9 and under an extended range of experimental conditions of magnetic field (down to 3.5 T), temperature (up to 10 K) or current (up to 0.5 mA). These conditions are much relaxed as compared to what is required by GaAs/AlGaAs standards and will enable to broaden the use of the primary quantum electrical standards to the benefit of Science and Industry for electrical measurements. Furthermore, by comparison of these graphene devices with GaAs/AlGaAs standards, we demonstrate the universality of the QHE within an ultimate uncertainty of 8.2x10-11. This suggests the exact relation of the quantized Hall resistance with the Planck constant and the electron charge, which is crucial for the new SI to be based on fixing such fundamental constants. These results show that graphene realizes its promises and demonstrates its superiority over other materials for a demanding application. Nature Nanotech. 10, 965-971, 2015, Nature Commun. 6, 6806, 2015 20. High Accuracy Beam Current Monitor System for CEBAF'S Experimental Hall A International Nuclear Information System (INIS) J. Denard; A. Saha; G. Lavessiere 2001-01-01 CEBAF accelerator delivers continuous wave (CW) electron beams to three experimental Halls. In Hall A, all experiments require continuous, non-invasive current measurements and a few experiments require an absolute accuracy of 0.2 % in the current range from 1 to 180 (micro)A. A Parametric Current Transformer (PCT), manufactured by Bergoz, has an accurate and stable sensitivity of 4 (micro)A/V but its offset drifts at the muA level over time preclude its direct use for continuous measurements. Two cavity monitors are calibrated against the PCT with at least 50 (micro)A of beam current. The calibration procedure suppresses the error due to PCT's offset drifts by turning the beam on and off, which is invasive to the experiment. One of the goals of the system is to minimize the calibration time without compromising the measurement's accuracy. The linearity of the cavity monitors is a critical parameter for transferring the accurate calibration done at high currents over the whole dynamic range. The method for measuring accurately the linearity is described 1. Development of an access control system for the LHD experimental hall International Nuclear Information System (INIS) Kawano, T.; Inoue, N.; Sakuma, Y.; Uda, T.; Yamanishi, H.; Miyake, H.; Tanahashi, S.; Motozima, O. 2000-01-01 An access control system for the LHD (Large Helical Device) experimental hall had been constructed and its practical operation started in March 1998. Continuously, the system has been improved. The present system keeps watch on involved entrance and exit for the use of persons at four entrances by using five turnstile gates while watching on eight shielding doors at eight positions (four entrances, three carriage entrances and a hall overview) and a stairway connecting the LHD main hall with the LHD basement. Besides, for the security of safety operation of the LHD, fifteen kinds of interlock signals are exchanged between the access control system and the LHD control system. Seven of the interlock signals are properly sent as the occasional demands from the access control system to the LHD control system, in which three staple signals are B Personnel Access to Controlled Area, D Shielding Door Closed, and E No Entrance. It is important that any plasma experiments of the LHD are not permitted while the signal B being sent or D being not sent. The signal E is sent to inform the LHD control system that the turnstile gates are locked. All the plasma experiments should not be done unless the lock procedure of the turnstile is confirmed. When the turnstile gates are locked, any persons cannot enter into the LHD controlled area, but are permissible to exit only. Six of the interlock signals are used to send the information of the working at that time in the LHD controlled area to the access control system. When one signal of the operation mode is sent to the access control system from the LHD, the access control system sets the turnstile gate in situation corresponding to the operation mode, A Equipment Operation, B Vacuum Pumping, C Coil Cooling, D Coil Excitation, and E Plasma Experiment. If the access control system receives, for example, the signal B, this system sets the turnstile gate in the condition of control such that only persons assigned to the work of vacuum 2. Development of apparatus for high-intensity beam lines at the KEK-PS new experimental hall International Nuclear Information System (INIS) Yamanoi, Yutaka; Tanaka, Kazuhiro; Minakawa, Michifumi 1992-01-01 The new counter experimental hall was constructed at the KEK 12 GeV Proton Synchrotron (the KEK-PS) in order to handle high-intensity primary proton beams of up to 1 x 10 13 pps (protons per second), which is one order of magnitude greater than the present beam intensity of the KEK-PS, 1 x 10 12 pps. New technologies for handling high-intensity beams have, then, been developed and employed in the new hall construction. A part of our R/D work on handling high intensity beam is briefly reported. (author) 3. The parasitic model of L2 and L3 vocabulary acquisition: evidence from naturalistic and experimental studies Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden) Peter Ecke 2014-09-01 Full Text Available This paper reviews evidence for the Parasitic Model of Vocabulary Acquisition for second and third language learners/developing multilinguals. It first describes the model’s predictions about default processes based on the detection and use of similarity at the three stages involved in the development of individual lexical items: (1 the establishing of a form representation, (2 the building of connections to syntactic frame and concept representations, and (3 the strengthening and automatization of representations and access routes. The paper then summarizes both naturalistic and experimental evidence for processes involved at these three stages. Finally it discusses open issues and potential areas for future investigation. 4. Experimental demonstration of programmable multi-functional spin logic cell based on spin Hall effect Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB) Zhang, X.; Wan, C.H., E-mail: wancaihua@iphy.ac.cn; Yuan, Z.H.; Fang, C.; Kong, W.J.; Wu, H.; Zhang, Q.T.; Tao, B.S.; Han, X.F., E-mail: xfhan@iphy.ac.cn 2017-04-15 Confronting with the gigantic volume of data produced every day, raising integration density by reducing the size of devices becomes harder and harder to meet the ever-increasing demand for high-performance computers. One feasible path is to actualize more logic functions in one cell. In this respect, we experimentally demonstrate a prototype spin-orbit torque based spin logic cell integrated with five frequently used logic functions (AND, OR, NOT, NAND and NOR). The cell can be easily programmed and reprogrammed to perform desired function. Furthermore, the information stored in cells is symmetry-protected, making it possible to expand into logic gate array where the cell can be manipulated one by one without changing the information of other undesired cells. This work provides a prospective example of multi-functional spin logic cell with reprogrammability and nonvolatility, which will advance the application of spin logic devices. - Highlights: • Experimental demonstration of spin logic cell based on spin Hall effect. • Five logic functions are realized in a single logic cell. • The logic cell is reprogrammable. • Information in the cell is symmetry-protected. • The logic cell can be easily expanded to logic gate array. 5. Experimental Verification of the Hall Effect during Magnetic Reconnection in a Laboratory Plasma International Nuclear Information System (INIS) Yang Ren; Masaaki Yamada; Stefan Gerhardt; Hantao Ji; Russell Kulsrud; Aleksey Kuritsyn 2005-01-01 In this letter we report a clear and unambiguous observation of the out-of-plane quadrupole magnetic field suggested by numerical simulations in the reconnecting current sheet in the Magnetic Reconnection Experiment (MRX). Measurements show that the Hall effect is large in collisionless regime and becomes small as the collisionality increases, indicating that the Hall effect plays an important role in collisionless reconnection 6. Experimental Studies of Anode Sheath Phenomena in a Hall Thruster Discharge International Nuclear Information System (INIS) Dorf, L.; Raitses, Y.; Fisch, N.J. 2004-01-01 Both electron-repelling and electron-attracting anode sheaths in a Hall thruster were characterized by measuring the plasma potential with biased and emissive probes [L. Dorf, Y. Raitses, V. Semenov, and N.J. Fisch, Appl. Phys. Let. 84 (2004) 1070]. In the present work, two-dimensional structures of the plasma potential, electron temperature, and plasma density in the near-anode region of a Hall thruster with clean and dielectrically coated anodes are identified. Possible mechanisms of anode sheath formation in a Hall thruster are analyzed. The path for current closure to the anode appears to be the determining factor in the anode sheath formation process. The main conclusion of this work is that the anode sheath formation in Hall thrusters differs essentially from that in the other gas discharge devices, like a glow discharge or a hollow anode, because the Hall thruster utilizes long electron residence times to ionize rather than high neutral pressures 7. Experimental approach of plasma supersonic expansion physics and of Hall effect propulsion systems International Nuclear Information System (INIS) Mazouffre, Stephane 2009-01-01 This report for accreditation to supervise research (HDR) proposes a synthesis of scientific and research works performed by the author during about ten years. Thus, a first part addresses studies on plasma rarefied supersonic flows: expansion through a sonic hole and through a Laval nozzle. The next part addresses the study of plasma propulsion for spacecraft, and more particularly electric propulsion based on the Hall effect: phenomena of ionic and atomic transport, characteristics of the electric field, energy deposition on walls, basic scale laws, related works, hybrid Hall-RF propulsion systems. The third part presents perspectives and projects related to propulsion by Hall effect (research topics, planned researches, a European project on high power, hybrid Hall-RF propulsion) and to ions-ions plasma (the PEGASES concept, the NExET test installation, RF source of negative ions and magnetic trap) 8. Prevention and reversal of experimental autoimmune thyroiditis (EAT) in mice by administration of anti-L3T4 monoclonal antibody at different stages of disease development. Science.gov (United States) Stull, S J; Kyriakos, M; Sharp, G C; Braley-Mullen, H 1988-11-01 Experimental autoimmune thyroiditis (EAT) can be induced in CBA/J mice following the transfer of spleen cells from mouse thyroglobulin (MTg)-sensitized donors that have been activated in vitro with MTg. Since L3T4+ T cells are required to transfer EAT in this model, the present study was undertaken to assess the effectiveness of the anti-L3T4 monoclonal antibody (mAb) GK1.5 in preventing or arresting the development of EAT. Spleen cells from mice given mAb GK1.5 prior to sensitization with MTg and adjuvant could not transfer EAT to normal recipients and cells from these mice did not proliferate in vitro to MTg. Donor mice given GK1.5 before immunization did not develop anti-MTg autoantibody and recipients of cells from such mice also produced little anti-MTg. GK1.5 could also prevent the proliferation and activation of sensitized effector cell precursors when added to in vitro cultures. When a single injection of mAb GK1.5 was given to recipients of in vitro-activated spleen cells, EAT was reduced whether the mAb was given prior to cell transfer or as late as 19 days after cell transfer. Whereas the incidence and severity of EAT was consistently reduced by injecting recipient mice with GK1.5, the same mice generally had no reduction in anti-MTg autoantibody. Since EAT is consistently induced in control recipients by 14-19 days after cell transfer, the ability of mAb GK1.5 to inhibit EAT when injected 14 or 19 days after cell transfer indicates that a single injection of the mAb GK1.5 can cause reversal of the histopathologic lesions of EAT in mice. These studies further establish the important role of L3T4+ T cells in the pathogenesis of EAT in mice and also suggest that therapy with an appropriate mAb may be an effective treatment for certain autoimmune diseases even when the therapy is initiated late in the course of the disease. 9. An experimental investigation of the internal magnetic field topography of an operating Hall thruster International Nuclear Information System (INIS) Peterson, Peter Y.; Gallimore, Alec D.; Haas, James M. 2002-01-01 Magnetic field measurements were made in the discharge channel of the 5 kW-class P5 laboratory-model Hall thruster to investigate what effect the Hall current has on the static, applied magnetic field topography. The P5 was operated at 1.6 and 3.0 kW with a discharge voltage of 300 V. A miniature inductive loop probe (B-Dot probe) was employed to measure the radial magnetic field profile inside the discharge channel of the P5 with and without the plasma discharge. These measurements are accomplished with minimal disturbance to thruster operation with the High-speed Axial Reciprocating Probe system. The results of the B-Dot probe measurements indicate a change in the magnetic field topography from that of the vacuum field measurements. The measured magnetic field profiles are then examined to determine the possible nature and source of the difference between the vacuum and plasma magnetic field profiles 10. Radiation protection design of the APPA experimental hall at the FAIR facility; Strahlenschutzplanung fuer die APPA-Experimentierhalle bei FAIR Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB) Kissel, R.; Braeuning-Demian, A.; Conrad, I.; Evdokimov, A.; Lang, R.; Radon, T.; Zieser, B. [GSI Helmholtzzentrum fuer Schwerionenforschung GmbH, Darmstadt (Germany); Belousov, A. [NASA, Pasadena, CA (United States). Jet Propulsion Lab.; Fehrenbacher, G. [GSI Helmholtzzentrum fuer Schwerionenforschung GmbH, Darmstadt (Germany); FAIR - Facility for Antiproton and Ion Research in Europe GmbH, Darmstadt (Germany) 2016-07-01 The APPA-research program (Atomic, Plasma Physics and Applications) comprises experiments for fundamental research in atomic and plasma physics, biophysics and materials research. A dedicated building for the experimental areas including a technical supply annex is planned. In the hall are located four different experimental setups for the four APPA collaborations. Two beamlines for protons and heavy ions, both from the SIS18 and SIS100 synchrotrons are designed. The demands for beam energies, intensities and time structure differ significantly among the experiments. Consequently, different types of beams will be used, for example uranium beams with energies of 2 GeV/nucleon and an intensity of 3 x 10{sup 11} ions/pulse (pulse length of the order of hundred nanoseconds, repetition period 180 seconds). Another experiment requires a proton beam with energies of around 10 GeV and a primary intensity of 5 x 10{sup 10} protons/second. The highest interaction rate is expected by the plasma physics experiments with about 50 % of the primary intensity. The remaining beam will be stopped in a so called beam dump producing further radiation, especially neutron radiation which must be shielded. For the design of the shielding it is necessary to know the spatial distribution of the dose rate for uranium beams and for proton beams with different energies and intensities in the experimental hall. The aim for the shielding layout is to achieve a dose rate below 0,5 μSv/hour at the premises. 11. Experimental setup for deeply virtual Compton scattering (DVCS) experiment in hall A at Jefferson Laboratory International Nuclear Information System (INIS) Camsonne, A. 2005-11-01 The Hall A Deeply Virtual Compton Scattering (DVCS) experiment used the 5.757 GeV polarized electron beam available at Jefferson Laboratory and ran from september until december 2004. Using the standard Hall A left high resolution spectrometer three kinematical points were taken at a fixed x b (jorken) = 0.32 value for three Q 2 values: 1.5 GeV 2 , 1.91 GeV 2 , 2.32 GeV 2 . An electromagnetic Lead Fluoride calorimeter and a proton detector scintillator array designed to work at a luminosity of 10 37 cm -2 s -1 were added to ensure the exclusivity of the DVCS reaction. In addition to the new detectors new custom electronics was used: a calorimeter trigger module which determines if an electron photon coincidence has occurred and a sampling system allowing to deal with pile-up events during the offline analysis. Finally the data from the kinematic at Q 2 = 2.32 GeV 2 and s = 5.6 GeV 2 allowed to get a preliminary result for the exclusive π 0 electroproduction on the proton. (author) 12. Experimental study of effect of magnetic field on anode temperature distribution in an ATON-type Hall thruster Science.gov (United States) Liu, Jinwen; Li, Hong; Mao, Wei; Ding, Yongjie; Wei, Liqiu; Li, Jianzhi; Yu, Daren; Wang, Xiaogang 2018-05-01 The energy deposition caused by the absorption of electrons by the anode is an important cause of power loss in a Hall thruster. The resulting anode heating is dangerous, as it can potentially reduce the thruster lifetime. In this study, by considering the ring shape of the anode of an ATON-type Hall thruster, the effects of the magnetic field strength and gradient on the anode ring temperature distribution are studied via experimental measurement. The results show that the temperature distribution is not affected by changes in the magnetic field strength and that the position of the peak temperature is essentially unchanged; however, the overall temperature does not change monotonically with the increase of the magnetic field strength and is positively correlated with the change in the discharge current. Moreover, as the magnetic field gradient increases, the position of the peak temperature gradually moves toward the channel exit and the temperature tends to decrease as a whole, regardless of the discharge current magnitude; in any case, the position of the peak temperature corresponds exactly to the intersection of the magnetic field cusp with the anode ring. Further theoretical analysis shows that the electrons, coming from the ionization region, travel along two characteristic paths to reach the anode under the guidance of the cusped magnetic field configuration. The change of the magnetic field strength or gradient changes the transfer of momentum and energy of the electrons in these two paths, which is the main reason for the changes in the temperature and distribution. This study is instructive for matching the design of the ring-shaped anode and the cusp magnetic field of an ATON-type Hall thruster. 13. Skyrmions and Hall viscosity Science.gov (United States) Kim, Bom Soo 2018-05-01 We discuss the contribution of magnetic Skyrmions to the Hall viscosity and propose a simple way to identify it in experiments. The topological Skyrmion charge density has a distinct signature in the electric Hall conductivity that is identified in existing experimental data. In an electrically neutral system, the Skyrmion charge density is directly related to the thermal Hall conductivity. These results are direct consequences of the field theory Ward identities, which relate various physical quantities based on symmetries and have been previously applied to quantum Hall systems. 14. L3 detector Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB) Anon. 1992-01-15 This is the final article in the CERN Courier series marking a decade of the four big experiments - Aleph, Delphi, L3 and Opal - at CERN's LEP electron-positron collider. Data-taking started soon after LEP became operational in July 1989, followed by substantial runs in 1990 and 1991. Because of the long lead times involved in today's major physics undertakings, preparations for these four experiments got underway in the early 1980s. 15. L3 detector International Nuclear Information System (INIS) Anon. 1992-01-01 This is the final article in the CERN Courier series marking a decade of the four big experiments - Aleph, Delphi, L3 and Opal - at CERN's LEP electron-positron collider. Data-taking started soon after LEP became operational in July 1989, followed by substantial runs in 1990 and 1991. Because of the long lead times involved in today's major physics undertakings, preparations for these four experiments got underway in the early 1980s 16. Hall effect in hopping regime International Nuclear Information System (INIS) Avdonin, A.; Skupiński, P.; Grasza, K. 2016-01-01 A simple description of the Hall effect in the hopping regime of conductivity in semiconductors is presented. Expressions for the Hall coefficient and Hall mobility are derived by considering averaged equilibrium electron transport in a single triangle of localization sites in a magnetic field. Dependence of the Hall coefficient is analyzed in a wide range of temperature and magnetic field values. Our theoretical result is applied to our experimental data on temperature dependence of Hall effect and Hall mobility in ZnO. - Highlights: • Expressions for Hall coefficient and mobility for hopping conductivity are derived. • Theoretical result is compared with experimental curves measured on ZnO. • Simultaneous action of free and hopping conduction channels is considered. • Non-linearity of hopping Hall coefficient is predicted. 17. Hall effect in hopping regime Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB) Avdonin, A., E-mail: avdonin@ifpan.edu.pl [Institute of Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Al. Lotników 32/46, 02-668 Warszawa (Poland); Skupiński, P. [Institute of Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Al. Lotników 32/46, 02-668 Warszawa (Poland); Grasza, K. [Institute of Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Al. Lotników 32/46, 02-668 Warszawa (Poland); Institute of Electronic Materials Technology, ul. Wólczyńska 133, 01-919 Warszawa (Poland) 2016-02-15 A simple description of the Hall effect in the hopping regime of conductivity in semiconductors is presented. Expressions for the Hall coefficient and Hall mobility are derived by considering averaged equilibrium electron transport in a single triangle of localization sites in a magnetic field. Dependence of the Hall coefficient is analyzed in a wide range of temperature and magnetic field values. Our theoretical result is applied to our experimental data on temperature dependence of Hall effect and Hall mobility in ZnO. - Highlights: • Expressions for Hall coefficient and mobility for hopping conductivity are derived. • Theoretical result is compared with experimental curves measured on ZnO. • Simultaneous action of free and hopping conduction channels is considered. • Non-linearity of hopping Hall coefficient is predicted. 18. Theoretical and experimental study of resonant 3d X-ray photoemission and resonant L3M45M45 Auger transition of PdO International Nuclear Information System (INIS) Uozumi, Takayuki; Kotani, Akio 2000-01-01 The observed 3d X-ray photoemission spectra (XPS), resonant 3dXPS (RXPS) at the L 3 edge and resonant L 3 M 45 M 45 Auger electron spectra (RAES) of 4d transition metal oxide PdO are successfully analyzed by means of an impurity Anderson model. The importance of Pd 4d-O 2p hybridization effect is especially emphasized in the interpretation of observed spectra. It causes charge transfer satellites in 3dXPS and L 3 M 45 M 45 RAES and mainly determines the structure of resonance enhancements in 3dRXPS. From the analysis of spectra, 4d-2p charge transfer energy Δ, 4d correlation energy U dd and 4d-2p transfer integral pdσ are estimated to be 5.5 eV, 4.5 eV and 2.1 eV, respectively. The character of the insulating energy gap PdO is also theoretically investigated: PdO is classified as an intermediate-type insulator due to the strong 4d-2p hybridization. (author) 19. Experimental measurement of magnetic field null in the vacuum chamber of KTM tokamak based on matrix of 2D Hall sensors Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB) Shapovalov, G.; Chektybayev, B., E-mail: chektybaev@nnc.kz; Sadykov, A.; Skakov, M.; Kupishev, E. 2016-11-15 Experimental technique of measurement of magnetic field null region inside of the KTM tokamak vacuum chamber has been developed. Square matrix of 36 2D Hall sensors, which used in the technique, allows carrying out direct measurements of poloidal magnetic field dynamics in the vacuum chamber. To better measuring accuracy, Hall sensor’s matrix was calibrated with commercial Helmholtz coils and in situ measurement of defined magnetic field from poloidal and toroidal coils. Standard KTM Data-Acquisition System has been used to collect data from Hall sensors. Experimental results of measurement of magnetic field null in the vacuum chamber of KTM are shown in the paper. Additionally results of the magnetic field null reconstruction from signals of inductive total flux loops are shown in the paper. 20. Planar Hall effect bridge magnetic field sensors DEFF Research Database (Denmark) Henriksen, A.D.; Dalslet, Bjarke Thomas; Skieller, D.H. 2010-01-01 Until now, the planar Hall effect has been studied in samples with cross-shaped Hall geometry. We demonstrate theoretically and experimentally that the planar Hall effect can be observed for an exchange-biased ferromagnetic material in a Wheatstone bridge topology and that the sensor signal can...... Hall effect bridge sensors.... 1. Proposal for an Experimental Test of the Role of Confining Potentials in the Integral Quantum Hall Effect OpenAIRE Brueckner, Reinhold 2000-01-01 We propose an experiment using a three-gate quantum Hall device to probe the dependence of the integral quantum Hall effect (IQHE) on the shape of the lateral confining potential in edge regions. This shape can, in a certain configuration determine whether or not the IQHE occurs. 2. L3 Experiment CERN Multimedia Falagan bobillo, M A; Chen, E F A; Prokofiev, D; Prokofiev, D; Shvorab, A; Galaktionov, Y; Kopal, M; Cotorobai, F; Le goff, J; Tully, C; Van hoek, W; Nozik, V Z; Nessi-tedaldi, F; De la cruz, B; Wadhwa, M; Chtcheguelski, V; Anderhub, H B; Guo, Y; Garcia-abia, P; Piroue, P; Della marina, R; Cerrada, M; Gailloud, M; Xia, L; Chaturvedi, U K; Pistolesi, E; Zhang, S 2002-01-01 % L3 \\\\ \\\\ The detector consists of a large volume low field solenoid magnet, a small central tracking system with very high spatial resolution, a high resolution electromagnetic calorimeter encapsulating the central detector, a hadron calorimeter acting also as a muon filter, and high precision muon tracking chambers. \\\\ \\\\The detector is designed to measure energy and position of leptons with the highest obtainable precision allowing a mass resolution $\\Delta$m/m smaller than 2\\% in dilepton final states. Hadronic energy flux is detected by a fine-grained calorimeter, which also serves as muon filter and tracking device. \\\\ \\\\The outer boundary of the detector is given by the iron return-yoke of a conventional magnet, using aluminium plates for the coil. The field is 0.5~T over a length of 12~m. This large volume allows a high precision muon momentum measurement, performed by three sets of drift chambers in the central detector region. From the multiple measurement of the coordinate in the bending plane a m... 3. Scheme for generating and transporting THz radiation to the X-ray experimental hall at the European XFEL Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB) Decking, Winfried; Kocharyan, Vitali; Saldin, Evgeni; Zagorodnov, Igor [Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY), Hamburg (Germany); Geloni, Gianluca [European XFEL GmbH, Hamburg (Germany) 2011-12-15 The design of a THz edge radiation source for the European XFEL is presented.We consider generation of THz radiation from the spent electron beam downstream of the SASE2 undulator in the electron beam dump area. In this way, the THz output must propagate at least for 250 meters through the photon beam tunnel to the experimental hall to reach the SASE2 X-ray hutches. We propose to use an open beam waveguide such as an iris guide as transmission line. In order to efficiently couple radiation into the iris transmission line, generation of the THz radiation pulse can be performed directly within the iris guide. The line transporting the THz radiation to the SASE2 X-ray hutches introduces a path delay of about 20 m. Since THz pump/X-ray probe experiments should be enabled, we propose to exploit the European XFEL baseline multi-bunch mode of operation, with 222 ns electron bunch separation, in order to cope with the delay between THz and X-ray pulses. We present start-to-end simulations for 1 nC bunch operation-parameters, optimized for THz pump/X-ray probe experiments.Detailed characterization of the THz and SASE X-ray radiation pulses is performed. Highly focused THz beams will approach the high field limit of 1 V/atomic size. (orig.) 4. Hall A Data.gov (United States) Federal Laboratory Consortium — The instrumentation in Hall A at the Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility was designed to study electroand photo-induced reactions at very high luminosity... 5. Hall C Data.gov (United States) Federal Laboratory Consortium — Hall C's initial complement of equipment (shown in the figure), includes two general-purpose magnetic spectrometers. The High Momentum Spectrometer (HMS) has a large... 6. 12 April 2013 - The British Royal Academy of Engineering visiting the LHC superconducting magnet test hall with R. Veness and the ATLAS experimental cavern with Collaboration Spokesperson D. Charlton. CERN Multimedia 2013-01-01 12 April 2013 - The British Royal Academy of Engineering visiting the LHC superconducting magnet test hall with R. Veness and the ATLAS experimental cavern with Collaboration Spokesperson D. Charlton. 7. Experimental observation of the spin-Hall effect in a spin–orbit coupled two-dimensional hole gas Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database Kaestner, B.; Wunderlich, J.; Jungwirth, Tomáš; Sinova, J.; Nomura, K.; MacDonald, A. H. 2006-01-01 Roč. 34, - (2006), s. 47-52 ISSN 1386-9477 R&D Projects: GA ČR GA202/02/0912 Institutional research plan: CEZ:AV0Z10100521 Keywords : spin Hall effect * spintronics * spin-orbit interaction Subject RIV: BM - Solid Matter Physics ; Magnetism Impact factor: 1.084, year: 2006 8. The quantized Hall effect International Nuclear Information System (INIS) Klitzing von, K. 1989-01-01 The quantized Hall effect is theoretically explained in detail as are its basic properties. The explanation is completed with the pertinent mathematical relations and illustrative figures. Experimental data are critically assessed obtained by quantum transport measurement in a magnetic field on two-dimensional systems. The results are reported for a MOSFET silicon transistor and for GaAs-Al x Ga 1-x As heterostructures. The application is discussed of the quantized Hall effect in determining the fine structure constant or in implementing the resistance standard. (M.D.). 27 figs., 57 refs 9. Experimental setup for deeply virtual Compton scattering (DVCS) experiment in hall A at Jefferson Laboratory; Dispositif experimental pour la diffusion Compton virtuelle dans le regime profondement inelastique dans le hall A au Jefferson Laboratory Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB) Camsonne, A 2005-11-15 The Hall A Deeply Virtual Compton Scattering (DVCS) experiment used the 5.757 GeV polarized electron beam available at Jefferson Laboratory and ran from september until december 2004. Using the standard Hall A left high resolution spectrometer three kinematical points were taken at a fixed x{sub b}(jorken) = 0.32 value for three Q{sup 2} values: 1.5 GeV{sup 2}, 1.91 GeV{sup 2}, 2.32 GeV{sup 2}. An electromagnetic Lead Fluoride calorimeter and a proton detector scintillator array designed to work at a luminosity of 10{sup 37} cm{sup -2}s{sup -1} were added to ensure the exclusivity of the DVCS reaction. In addition to the new detectors new custom electronics was used: a calorimeter trigger module which determines if an electron photon coincidence has occurred and a sampling system allowing to deal with pile-up events during the offline analysis. Finally the data from the kinematic at Q{sup 2} = 2.32 GeV{sup 2} and s = 5.6 GeV{sup 2} allowed to get a preliminary result for the exclusive {pi}{sup 0} electroproduction on the proton. (author) 10. An experimental study on Γ(2) modular symmetry in the quantum Hall system with a small spin splitting International Nuclear Information System (INIS) Huang, C F; Chang, Y H; Cheng, H H; Yang, Z P; Yeh, H D; Hsu, C H; Liang, C-T; Hang, D R; Lin, H H 2007-01-01 Magnetic-field-induced phase transitions were studied with a two-dimensional electron AlGaAs/GaAs system. The temperature-driven flow diagram shows features of the Γ(2) modular symmetry, which includes distorted flowlines and a shifted critical point. The deviation of the critical conductivities is attributed to a small but resolved spin splitting, which reduces the symmetry in Landau quantization (Dolan 2000 Phys. Rev. B 62 10278). Universal scaling is found under the reduction of the modular symmetry. It is also shown that the Hall conductivity can still be governed by the scaling law when the semicircle law and the scaling on the longitudinal conductivity are invalid 11. Experimental Investigation of a Direct-drive Hall Thruster and Solar Array System at Power Levels up to 10 kW Science.gov (United States) Snyder, John S.; Brophy, John R.; Hofer, Richard R.; Goebel, Dan M.; Katz, Ira 2012-01-01 As NASA considers future exploration missions, high-power solar-electric propulsion (SEP) plays a prominent role in achieving many mission goals. Studies of high-power SEP systems (i.e. tens to hundreds of kilowatts) suggest that significant mass savings may be realized by implementing a direct-drive power system, so NASA recently established the National Direct-Drive Testbed to examine technical issues identified by previous investigations. The testbed includes a 12-kW solar array and power control station designed to power single and multiple Hall thrusters over a wide range of voltages and currents. In this paper, single Hall thruster operation directly from solar array output at discharge voltages of 200 to 450 V and discharge powers of 1 to 10 kW is reported. Hall thruster control and operation is shown to be simple and no different than for operation on conventional power supplies. Thruster and power system electrical oscillations were investigated over a large range of operating conditions and with different filter capacitances. Thruster oscillations were the same as for conventional power supplies, did not adversely affect solar array operation, and were independent of filter capacitance from 8 to 80 ?F. Solar array current and voltage oscillations were very small compared to their mean values and showed a modest dependence on capacitor size. No instabilities or anomalous behavior were observed in the thruster or power system at any operating condition investigated, including near and at the array peak power point. Thruster startup using the anode propellant flow as the power 'switch' was shown to be simple and reliable with system transients mitigated by the proper selection of filter capacitance size. Shutdown via cutoff of propellant flow was also demonstrated. A simple electrical circuit model was developed and is shown to have good agreement with the experimental data. 12. Laurance David Hall. Science.gov (United States) Coxon, Bruce 2011-01-01 An account is given of the life, scientific contributions, and passing of Laurance David Hall (1938-2009), including his early history and education at the University of Bristol, UK, and the synthesis and NMR spectroscopy of carbohydrates and other natural products during ∼20 years of research and teaching at the University of British Columbia in Vancouver, Canada. Lists of graduate students, post-doctoral fellows, and sabbatical visitors are provided for this period. Following a generous endowment by Dr. Herchel Smith, Professor Hall built a new Department of Medicinal Chemistry at Cambridge University, UK, and greatly expanded his researches into the technology and applications of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and zero quantum NMR. MRI technology was applied both to medical problems such as the characterization of cartilage degeneration in knee joints, the measurement of ventricular function, lipid localization in animal models of atherosclerosis, paramagnetic metal complexes of polysaccharides as contrast agents, and studies of many other anatomical features, but also to several aspects of materials analysis, including food analyses, process control, and the elucidation of such physical phenomena as the flow of liquids through porous media, defects in concrete, and the visualization of fungal damage to wood. Professor Hall's many publications, patents, lectures, and honors and awards are described, and also his successful effort to keep the Asilomar facility in Pacific Grove, California as the alternating venue for the annual Experimental NMR Conference. Two memorial services for Professor Hall are remembered. Copyright © 2011 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 13. Experimental study of nonlinear interaction of plasma flow with charged thin current sheets: 2. Hall dynamics, mass and momentum transfer Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden) S. Savin 2006-01-01 cyclotron one, in extended turbulent zones are a promising alternative in place of the usual parallel electric fields invoked in the macro-reconnection scenarios. Further cascading towards electron scales is supposed to be due to unstable parallel electron currents, which neutralize the potential differences, either resulted from the ion- burst interactions or from the inertial drift. The complicated MP shape suggests its systematic velocity departure from the local normal towards the average one, inferring domination for the MP movement of the non-local processes over the small-scale local ones. The measured Poynting vector indicates energy transmission from the MP into the upstream region with the waves triggering impulsive downstream flows, providing an input into the local flow balance and the outward movement of the MP. Equating the transverse electric field inside the MP TCS by the Hall term in the Ohm's law implies a separation of the different plasmas primarily by the Hall current, driven by the respective part of the TCS surface charge. The Hall dynamics of TCS can operate either without or as a part of a macro-reconnection with the magnetic field annihilation. 14. L3: Experiment for LEP International Nuclear Information System (INIS) Anon. 1985-01-01 The detector features a large magnetic hall enclosing an easily modifiable central detector, with physics objectives extending beyond those of the initial phase of LEP running (collision energies of around 100 GeV). The design places great emphasis on high precision (one per cent) measurement of photon, electron and muon momenta, together with good resolution of hadron jets and precise information from the interaction vertex. To be installed 50 m below ground, the detector will be enclosed in a 8000 ton solenoid, 15.6 m high and 13.6 m long, providing a central field of 0.5 t. At the centre of this magnetic 'cave' will be the vertex detector, a 'Time Expansion Chamber' (TEC) extending 50 cm radially from the interaction point and providing high spatial and track separation resolution. (orig./HSI). 15. Experimental study of the Hall effect and electron diffusion region during magnetic reconnection in a laboratory plasma International Nuclear Information System (INIS) Ren Yang; Yamada, Masaaki; Ji Hantao; Dorfman, Seth; Gerhardt, Stefan P.; Kulsrud, Russel 2008-01-01 The Hall effect during magnetic reconnection without an external guide field has been extensively studied in the laboratory plasma of the Magnetic Reconnection Experiment [M. Yamada et al., Phys. Plasmas 4, 1936 (1997)] by measuring its key signature, an out-of-plane quadrupole magnetic field, with magnetic probe arrays whose spatial resolution is on the order of the electron skin depth. The in-plane electron flow is deduced from out-of-plane magnetic field measurements. The measured in-plane electron flow and numerical results are in good agreement. The electron diffusion region is identified by measuring the electron outflow channel. The width of the electron diffusion region scales with the electron skin depth (∼5.5-7.5c/ω pe ) and the peak electron outflow velocity scales with the electron Alfven velocity (∼0.12-0.16V eA ), independent of ion mass. The measured width of the electron diffusion region is much wider and the observed electron outflow is much slower than those obtained in 2D numerical simulations. It is found that the classical and anomalous dissipation present in the experiment can broaden the electron diffusion region and slow the electron outflow. As a consequence, the electron outflow flux remains consistent with numerical simulations. The ions, as measured by a Mach probe, have a much wider outflow channel than the electrons, and their outflow is much slower than the electron outflow everywhere in the electron diffusion region 16. Observation of the Zero Hall Plateau in a Quantum Anomalous Hall Insulator Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB) Feng, Yang; Feng, Xiao; Ou, Yunbo; Wang, Jing; Liu, Chang; Zhang, Liguo; Zhao, Dongyang; Jiang, Gaoyuan; Zhang, Shou-Cheng; He, Ke; Ma, Xucun; Xue, Qi-Kun; Wang, Yayu 2015-09-16 We report experimental investigations on the quantum phase transition between the two opposite Hall plateaus of a quantum anomalous Hall insulator. We observe a well-defined plateau with zero Hall conductivity over a range of magnetic field around coercivity when the magnetization reverses. The features of the zero Hall plateau are shown to be closely related to that of the quantum anomalous Hall effect, but its temperature evolution exhibits a significant difference from the network model for a conventional quantum Hall plateau transition. We propose that the chiral edge states residing at the magnetic domain boundaries, which are unique to a quantum anomalous Hall insulator, are responsible for the novel features of the zero Hall plateau. 17. Spin Hall effects Science.gov (United States) Sinova, Jairo; Valenzuela, Sergio O.; Wunderlich, J.; Back, C. H.; Jungwirth, T. 2015-10-01 Spin Hall effects are a collection of relativistic spin-orbit coupling phenomena in which electrical currents can generate transverse spin currents and vice versa. Despite being observed only a decade ago, these effects are already ubiquitous within spintronics, as standard spin-current generators and detectors. Here the theoretical and experimental results that have established this subfield of spintronics are reviewed. The focus is on the results that have converged to give us the current understanding of the phenomena, which has evolved from a qualitative to a more quantitative measurement of spin currents and their associated spin accumulation. Within the experimental framework, optical-, transport-, and magnetization-dynamics-based measurements are reviewed and linked to both phenomenological and microscopic theories of the effect. Within the theoretical framework, the basic mechanisms in both the extrinsic and intrinsic regimes are reviewed, which are linked to the mechanisms present in their closely related phenomenon in ferromagnets, the anomalous Hall effect. Also reviewed is the connection to the phenomenological treatment based on spin-diffusion equations applicable to certain regimes, as well as the spin-pumping theory of spin generation used in many measurements of the spin Hall angle. A further connection to the spin-current-generating spin Hall effect to the inverse spin galvanic effect is given, in which an electrical current induces a nonequilibrium spin polarization. This effect often accompanies the spin Hall effect since they share common microscopic origins. Both can exhibit the same symmetries when present in structures comprising ferromagnetic and nonmagnetic layers through their induced current-driven spin torques or induced voltages. Although a short chronological overview of the evolution of the spin Hall effect field and the resolution of some early controversies is given, the main body of this review is structured from a pedagogical 18. Quantum critical Hall exponents CERN Document Server Lütken, C A 2014-01-01 We investigate a finite size "double scaling" hypothesis using data from an experiment on a quantum Hall system with short range disorder [1-3]. For Hall bars of width w at temperature T the scaling form is w(-mu)T(-kappa), where the critical exponent mu approximate to 0.23 we extract from the data is comparable to the multi-fractal exponent alpha(0) - 2 obtained from the Chalker-Coddington (CC) model [4]. We also use the data to find the approximate location (in the resistivity plane) of seven quantum critical points, all of which closely agree with the predictions derived long ago from the modular symmetry of a toroidal sigma-model with m matter fields [5]. The value nu(8) = 2.60513 ... of the localisation exponent obtained from the m = 8 model is in excellent agreement with the best available numerical value nu(num) = 2.607 +/- 0.004 derived from the CC-model [6]. Existing experimental data appear to favour the m = 9 model, suggesting that the quantum Hall system is not in the same universality class as th... 19. Implementation and integration in the L3 experimentation of a level-2 trigger with event building, based on C104 data driven cross-bar switches and on T9000 transputers International Nuclear Information System (INIS) Masserot, A. 1995-01-01 This thesis describes the new level-2 trigger system. It has been developed to fit the L3 requirements induced by the LEP phase 2 conditions. At each beam crossing, the system memorizes the trigger data, builds-up the events selected by the level-1 hard-wired processors and finally rejects on-line the background identified by algorithms coded in Fortran. Based on T9000 Transputers and on C104 data driven cross-bar switches, the system uses prototypes designed by INMOS/SGS THOMSON for parallel processing applications. Emphasis is set on a new event building technic, on its integration in L3 and on performance. (author). 38 refs., 68 figs., 36 tabs 20. Contribution of the study of the Hall Effect. Hall Effect of powder products International Nuclear Information System (INIS) Cherville, Jean 1961-01-01 This research thesis reports the development of an apparatus aimed at measuring the Hall Effect and the magneto-resistance of powders at room temperature and at the liquid nitrogen temperature. The author also proposes a theoretical contribution to the Hall Effect and reports the calculation of conditions to be met to obtain a correct value for the Hall constant. Results are experimentally verified. The method is then applied to the study of a set of powdered pre-graphitic graphites. The author shows that their Hall coefficient confirms the model already proposed by Mrozowski. The study of the Hall Effect of any kind of powders can thus be performed, and the Hall Effect can therefore be a mean to study mineral and organic compounds, and notably powdered biological molecules [fr 1. The fluctuation Hall conductivity and the Hall angle in type-II superconductor under magnetic field Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB) Tinh, Bui Duc, E-mail: tinhbd@hnue.edu.vn [Institute of Research and Development, Duy Tan University, K7/25 Quang Trung, Danang (Viet Nam); Department of Physics, Hanoi National University of Education, 136 Xuan Thuy, Cau Giay, Hanoi (Viet Nam); Hoc, Nguyen Quang; Thu, Le Minh [Department of Physics, Hanoi National University of Education, 136 Xuan Thuy, Cau Giay, Hanoi (Viet Nam) 2016-02-15 Highlights: • The time-dependent Ginzburg–Landau was used to calculate fluctuation Hall conductivity and Hall angle in type-II superconductor in 2D and 3D. • We obtain analytical expressions for the fluctuation Hall conductivity and the Hall angle summing all Landau levels without need to cutoff higher Landau levels to treat arbitrary magnetic field. • The results were compared to the experimental data on YBCO. - Abstract: The fluctuation Hall conductivity and the Hall angle, describing the Hall effect, are calculated for arbitrary value of the imaginary part of the relaxation time in the frame of the time-dependent Ginzburg–Landau theory in type II-superconductor with thermal noise describing strong thermal fluctuations. The self-consistent Gaussian approximation is used to treat the nonlinear interaction term in dynamics. We obtain analytical expressions for the fluctuation Hall conductivity and the Hall angle summing all Landau levels without need to cutoff higher Landau levels to treat arbitrary magnetic field. The results are compared with experimental data on high-T{sub c} superconductor. 2. Cutting the L3 torque tube CERN Multimedia Laurent Guiraud 2001-01-01 Workers cut the torque tube, with a plasma-cutting device on the L3 experiment, which closed with the LEP accelerator in 2000. L3 was housed in a huge red solenoid, which will be taken over by the ALICE detector when the new LHC is completed. 3. The L3+C detector, a unique tool-set to study cosmic rays International Nuclear Information System (INIS) Adriani, O.; Akker, M. van den; Banerjee, S.; Baehr, J.; Betev, B.; Bourilkov, D.; Bottai, S.; Bobbink, G.; Cartacci, A.; Chemarin, M.; Chen, G.; Chen, H.S.; Chiarusi, T.; Dai, C.J.; Ding, L.K.; Duran, I.; Faber, G.; Fay, J.; Grabosch, H.J.; Groenstege, H.; Guo, Y.N.; Gupta, S.; Haller, Ch.; Hayashi, Y.; He, Z.X.; Hebbeker, T.; Hofer, H.; Hoferjun, H.; Huo, A.X.; Ito, N.; Jing, C.L.; Jones, L.; Kantserov, V.; Kawakami, S.; Kittel, W.; Koenig, A.C.; Kok, E.; Korn, A.; Kuang, H.H.; Kuijpers, J.; Ladron de Guevara, P.; Le Coultre, P.; Lei, Y.; Leich, H.; Leiste, R.; Li, D.; Li, L.; Li, Z.C.; Liu, Z.A.; Liu, H.T.; Lohmann, W.; Lu, Y.S.; Ma, X.H.; Ma, Y.Q.; Mil, A. van; Monteleoni, B.; Nahnhauer, R.; Pauss, F.; Parriaud, J.-F.; Petersen, B.; Pohl, M.; Qing, C.R.; Ramelli, R.; Ravindran, K.C.; Rewiersma, P.; Rojkov, A.; Saidi, R.; Schmitt, V.; Schoeneich, B.; Schotanus, D.J.; Shen, C.Q.; Sulanke, H.; Tang, X.W.; Timmermans, C.; Tonwar, S.; Trowitzsch, G.; Unger, M.; Verkooijen, H.; Wang, X.L.; Wang, X.W.; Wang, Z.M.; Wijk, R. van; Wijnen, Th.A.M.; Wilkens, H.; Xu, Y.P.; Xu, Z.Z.; Yang, C.G.; Yang, X.F.; Yao, Z.G.; Yu, Z.Q.; Zhang, S.; Zhu, G.Y.; Zhu, Q.Q.; Zhuang, H.L.; Zwart, A.N.M. 2002-01-01 The L3 detector at the CERN electron-positron collider, LEP, has been employed for the study of cosmic ray muons. The muon spectrometer of L3 consists of a set of high-precision drift chambers installed inside a magnet with a volume of about 1000 m 3 and a field of 0.5 T. Muon momenta are measured with a resolution of a few percent at 50 GeV. The detector is located under 30 m of overburden. A scintillator air shower array of 54 m by 30 m is installed on the roof of the surface hall above L3 in order to estimate the energy and the core position of the shower associated with a sample of detected muons. Thanks to the unique properties of the L3+C detector, muon research topics relevant to various current problems in cosmic ray and particle astrophysics can be studied 4. The L3+C detector, a unique tool-set to study cosmic rays CERN Document Server Adriani, O; Banerjee, S; Bähr, J; Betev, B L; Bourilkov, D; Bottai, S; Bobbink, Gerjan J; Cartacci, A M; Chemarin, M; Chen, G; Chen He Sheng; Chiarusi, T; Dai Chang Jiang; Ding, L K 2002-01-01 The L3 detector at the CERN electron-positron collider, LEP, has been employed for the study of cosmic ray muons. The muon spectrometer of L3 consists of a set of high-precision drift chambers installed inside a magnet with a volume of about 1000 m**3 and a field of 0.5 T. Muon momenta are measured with a resolution of a few percent at 50 GeV. The detector is located under 30 m of overburden. A scintillator air shower array of 54 m by 30 m is installed on the roof of the surface hall above L3 in order to estimate the energy and the core position of the shower associated with a sample of detected muons. Thanks to the unique properties of the L3+C detector, muon research topics relevant to various current problems in cosmic ray and particle astrophysics can be studied. 5. The quantum Hall effects: Philosophical approach Science.gov (United States) Lederer, P. 2015-05-01 The Quantum Hall Effects offer a rich variety of theoretical and experimental advances. They provide interesting insights on such topics as gauge invariance, strong interactions in Condensed Matter physics, emergence of new paradigms. This paper focuses on some related philosophical questions. Various brands of positivism or agnosticism are confronted with the physics of the Quantum Hall Effects. Hacking's views on Scientific Realism, Chalmers' on Non-Figurative Realism are discussed. It is argued that the difficulties with those versions of realism may be resolved within a dialectical materialist approach. The latter is argued to provide a rational approach to the phenomena, theory and ontology of the Quantum Hall Effects. 6. Cryogenic microsize Hall sensors International Nuclear Information System (INIS) Kvitkovic, J.; Polak, M. 1993-01-01 Hall sensors have a variety of applications in magnetic field measurements. The active area of the Hall sensor does not play an important role in measuring of homogeneous magnetic field. Actually Hall sensors are widely used to measure profiles of magnetic fields produced by magnetization currents in samples of HTC superconductors, as well as of LTC ones. Similar techniques are used to measure magnetization of both HTC and LTC superconductors. In these cases Hall sensor operates in highly inhomogeneous magnetic fields. Because of that, Hall sensors with very small active area are required. We developed and tested Hall sensors with active area 100 μm x 100 μm - type M and 50 μm x 50 μm - type V. Here we report on the most imporant parameters of these units, as well as on their properties as differential magnetometer. (orig.) 7. L3 experiment dismantling at LEP CERN Multimedia Laurent Guiraud 2001-01-01 The last muon chamber is removed from the L3 experiment at the LEP collider, which was in operation from 1989 to 2000. The large red magnet yoke will be reused by the ALICE experiment when the LHC is constructed. 8. Resistive Instabilities in Hall Current Plasma Discharge International Nuclear Information System (INIS) Litvak, Andrei A.; Fisch, Nathaniel J. 2000-01-01 Plasma perturbations in the acceleration channel of a Hall thruster are found to be unstable in the presence of collisions. Both electrostatic lower-hybrid waves and electromagnetic Alfven waves transverse to the applied electric and magnetic field are found to be unstable due to collisions in the E X B electron flow. These results are obtained assuming a two-fluid hydrodynamic model in slab geometry. The characteristic frequencies of these modes are consistent with experimental observations in Hall current plasma thrusters 9. Hall effect in organic layered conductors Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden) R.A.Hasan 2006-01-01 Full Text Available The Hall effect in organic layered conductors with a multisheeted Fermi surfaces was considered. It is shown that the experimental study of Hall effect and magnetoresistance anisotropy at different orientations of current and a quantizing magnetic field relative to the layers makes it possible to determine the contribution of various charge carriers groups to the conductivity, and to find out the character of Fermi surface anisotropy in the plane of layers. 10. Anomalous Hall effect Science.gov (United States) Nagaosa, Naoto; Sinova, Jairo; Onoda, Shigeki; MacDonald, A. H.; Ong, N. P. 2010-04-01 The anomalous Hall effect (AHE) occurs in solids with broken time-reversal symmetry, typically in a ferromagnetic phase, as a consequence of spin-orbit coupling. Experimental and theoretical studies of the AHE are reviewed, focusing on recent developments that have provided a more complete framework for understanding this subtle phenomenon and have, in many instances, replaced controversy by clarity. Synergy between experimental and theoretical works, both playing a crucial role, has been at the heart of these advances. On the theoretical front, the adoption of the Berry-phase concepts has established a link between the AHE and the topological nature of the Hall currents. On the experimental front, new experimental studies of the AHE in transition metals, transition-metal oxides, spinels, pyrochlores, and metallic dilute magnetic semiconductors have established systematic trends. These two developments, in concert with first-principles electronic structure calculations, strongly favor the dominance of an intrinsic Berry-phase-related AHE mechanism in metallic ferromagnets with moderate conductivity. The intrinsic AHE can be expressed in terms of the Berry-phase curvatures and it is therefore an intrinsic quantum-mechanical property of a perfect crystal. An extrinsic mechanism, skew scattering from disorder, tends to dominate the AHE in highly conductive ferromagnets. The full modern semiclassical treatment of the AHE is reviewed which incorporates an anomalous contribution to wave-packet group velocity due to momentum-space Berry curvatures and correctly combines the roles of intrinsic and extrinsic (skew-scattering and side-jump) scattering-related mechanisms. In addition, more rigorous quantum-mechanical treatments based on the Kubo and Keldysh formalisms are reviewed, taking into account multiband effects, and demonstrate the equivalence of all three linear response theories in the metallic regime. Building on results from recent experiment and theory, a 11. Recent results from the L3 Collaboration International Nuclear Information System (INIS) Ting, S.C.C. 1993-01-01 In this report we summarize the recent results from the L3 Collaboration. The L3 Collaboration is one of the largest international collaborations in high energy physics and consists of many universities from the United States including University of Michigan, M.I.T., Caltlech, Princeton and Harvard, and leading research centers from France, Germany, Switzerland, Holland, India, China, Korea, Russia and other nations 12. 27 Febuary 2012 - US DoE Associate Director of Science for High Energy Physics J. Siegrist visiting the LHC superconducting magnet test hall with adviser J.-P. Koutchouk and engineer M. Bajko; in CMS experimental cavern with Spokesperson J. Incadela;in ATLAS experimental cavern with Deputy Spokesperson A. Lankford; in ALICE experimental cavern with Spokesperson P. Giubellino; signing the guest book with Director for Accelerators and Technology S. Myers. CERN Multimedia Laurent Egli 2012-01-01 27 Febuary 2012 - US DoE Associate Director of Science for High Energy Physics J. Siegrist visiting the LHC superconducting magnet test hall with adviser J.-P. Koutchouk and engineer M. Bajko; in CMS experimental cavern with Spokesperson J. Incadela;in ATLAS experimental cavern with Deputy Spokesperson A. Lankford; in ALICE experimental cavern with Spokesperson P. Giubellino; signing the guest book with Director for Accelerators and Technology S. Myers. 13. The Forward Muon Detector of L3 CERN Document Server Adam, A; Alarcon, J; Alberdi, J; Alexandrov, V S; Aloisio, A; Alviggi, M G; Anderhub, H; Ariza, M; Azemoon, T; Aziz, T; Bakker, F; Banerjee, S; Banicz, K; Barcala, J M; Becker, U; Berdugo, J; Berges, P; Betev, B L; Biland, A; Bobbink, Gerjan J; Böck, R K; Böhm, A; Borisov, V S; Bosseler, K; Bouvier, P; Brambilla, Elena; Burger, J D; Burgos, C; Buskens, J; Carlier, J C; Carlino, G; Causaus, J; Cavallo, N; Cerjak, I; Cerrada-Canales, M; Chang, Y H; Chen, H S; Chendvankar, S R; Chvatchkine, V B; Daniel, M; De Asmundis, R; Decreuse, G; Deiters, K; Djambazov, L; Duraffourg, P; Erné, F C; Esser, H; Ezekiev, S; Faber, G; Fabre, M; Fernández, G; Freudenreich, Klaus; Fritschi, M; García-Abia, P; González, A; Gurtu, A; Gutay, L J; Haller, C; Herold, W D; Herrmann, J M; Hervé, A; Hofer, H; Höfer, M; Hofer, T; Homma, J; Horisberger, Urs; Horváth, I L; Ingenito, P; Innocente, Vincenzo; Ioudine, I; Jaspers, M; de Jong, P; Kästli, W; Kaspar, H; Kitov, V; König, A C; Koutsenko, V F; Lanzano, S; Lapoint, C; Lebedev, A; Lecomte, P; Lista, L; Lübelsmeyer, K; Lustermann, W; Ma, J M; Milesi, M; Molinero, A; Montero, A; Moore, R; Nahn, S; Navarrete, J J; Okle, M; Orlinov, I; Ostojic, R; Pandoulas, D; Paolucci, P; Parascandolo, P; Passeggio, G; Patricelli, S; Peach, D; Piccolo, D; Pigni, L; Postema, H; Puras, C; Ren, D; Rewiersma, P A M; Rietmeyer, A; Riles, K; Risco, J; Robohm, A; Rodin, J; Röser, U; Romero, L; Van Rossum, W; Rykaczewski, H; Sarakinos, M E; Sassowsky, M; Shchegelskii, V; Scholz, N; Schultze, K; Schuylenburg, H; Sciacca, C; Seiler, P G; Siedenburg, T; Siedling, R; Smith, B; Soulimov, V; Sadhakar, K; Syben, O; Tonutti, M; Udovcic, A; Ulbricht, J; Veillet, L; Vergain, M; Viertel, Gert M; Von Gunten, H P; Vorobyov, A A; Vrankovic, V; De Waard, A; Waldmeier-Wicki, S; Wallraff, W; Walter, H C; Wang, J C; Wei, Z L; Wetter, R; Willmott, C; Wittgenstein, F; Wu, R J; Yang, K S; Zhou, L; Zhou, Y; Zuang, H L 1996-01-01 The Forward-Backward muon detector of the L3 experiment is presented. Intended to be used for LEP 200 physics, it consists of 96 self-calibrating drift chambers of a new design enclosing the magnet pole pieces of the L3 solenoid. The pole pieces are toroidally magnetized to form two independent analyzing spectrometers. A novel trigger is provided by resistive plate counters attached to the drift chambers. Details about the design, construction and performance of the whole system are given together with results obtained during the 1995 running at LEP. 14. L3-forward-backward muon spectrometer International Nuclear Information System (INIS) Deiters, K. 1995-01-01 The performance of the distance sensors could be successfully tested in the L3 detector. One sensor of each type got installed together with a precision sensor. This sensor is based on a glass rod with optical marks which are scanned by a system of light diodes. It has a measurement accuracy of 1 μm. We proved, that the desired accuracy of 10 μm was reached and that the sensors work in the environment of the L3 detector. (author) 11 figs., 5 refs 15. Halls Lake 1990 Data.gov (United States) National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Department of Commerce — Salt marsh habitats along the shoreline of Halls Lake are threatened by wave erosion, but the reconstruction of barrier islands to reduce this erosion will modify or... 16. Cognitive approaches to L3 acquisition Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden) Maria del Pilar Garcia Mayo 2012-06-01 Full Text Available Multilingualism has established itself as an area of systematic research in linguistic studies over the last two decades. The multilingual phenomenon can be approached from different perspectives: educational, formal linguistic, neurolinguistic, psycholinguistic and sociolinguistic, among others. This article presents an overview of cognitive (psychological and formal linguistic approaches to third language (L3 acquisition where the assumption is that language acquisition is a complex multi-faceted process. After identifying what is meant by L3, the article briefly reviews the major issues addressed from both the psycholinguistic strand and the emerging L3 linguistic strand and concentrates on those aspects that are in need of further research in both.El plurilingüismo se ha ganado su propia área de investigación dentro de los estudios de lingüística en las últimas dos décadas. El fenómeno se puede abordar desde perspectivas diferentes: educativa, lingüística de carácter formal, neurolingüística, psicolingüística y sociolingüística, entre otras. Este artículo presenta una visión general de dos perspectivas cognitivas, la psicológica y la procedente de la lingüística formal, al tema de la adquisición de la tercera lengua (L3. Ambas perspectivas comparten la asunción de que la adquisición del lenguaje es un proceso complejo y con varias vertientes. Después de identificar lo que entendemos por L3, el artículo revisa de forma sucinta los principales temas que se han tratado tanto desde la perspectiva psicolingüística como desde la más emergente perspectiva lingüística en materia de L3 y se concentra en aquellos aspectos que consideramos que necesitan mayor investigación en ambas. 17. The quantum hall effect International Nuclear Information System (INIS) El-Arabi, N. M. 1993-01-01 Transport phenomena in two dimensional semiconductors have revealed unusual properties. In this thesis these systems are considered and discussed. The theories explain the Integral Quantum Hall Effect (IQHE) and the Fractional Quantum Hall Effect (FQHE). The thesis is composed of five chapters. The first and the second chapters lay down the theory of the IQHE, the third and fourth consider the theory of the FQHE. Chapter five deals with the statistics of particles in two dimension. (author). Refs 18. Hall viscosity of hierarchical quantum Hall states Science.gov (United States) Fremling, M.; Hansson, T. H.; Suorsa, J. 2014-03-01 Using methods based on conformal field theory, we construct model wave functions on a torus with arbitrary flat metric for all chiral states in the abelian quantum Hall hierarchy. These functions have no variational parameters, and they transform under the modular group in the same way as the multicomponent generalizations of the Laughlin wave functions. Assuming the absence of Berry phases upon adiabatic variations of the modular parameter τ, we calculate the quantum Hall viscosity and find it to be in agreement with the formula, given by Read, which relates the viscosity to the average orbital spin of the electrons. For the filling factor ν =2/5 Jain state, which is at the second level in the hierarchy, we compare our model wave function with the numerically obtained ground state of the Coulomb interaction Hamiltonian in the lowest Landau level, and find very good agreement in a large region of the complex τ plane. For the same example, we also numerically compute the Hall viscosity and find good agreement with the analytical result for both the model wave function and the numerically obtained Coulomb wave function. We argue that this supports the notion of a generalized plasma analogy that would ensure that wave functions obtained using the conformal field theory methods do not acquire Berry phases upon adiabatic evolution. 19. Topological honeycomb magnon Hall effect: A calculation of thermal Hall conductivity of magnetic spin excitations Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB) Owerre, S. A., E-mail: solomon@aims.ac.za [African Institute for Mathematical Sciences, 6 Melrose Road, Muizenberg, Cape Town 7945, South Africa and Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics, 31 Caroline St. N., Waterloo, Ontario N2L 2Y5 (Canada) 2016-07-28 Quite recently, the magnon Hall effect of spin excitations has been observed experimentally on the kagome and pyrochlore lattices. The thermal Hall conductivity κ{sup xy} changes sign as a function of magnetic field or temperature on the kagome lattice, and κ{sup xy} changes sign upon reversing the sign of the magnetic field on the pyrochlore lattice. Motivated by these recent exciting experimental observations, we theoretically propose a simple realization of the magnon Hall effect in a two-band model on the honeycomb lattice. The magnon Hall effect of spin excitations arises in the usual way via the breaking of inversion symmetry of the lattice, however, by a next-nearest-neighbour Dzyaloshinsky-Moriya interaction. We find that κ{sup xy} has a fixed sign for all parameter regimes considered. These results are in contrast to the Lieb, kagome, and pyrochlore lattices. We further show that the low-temperature dependence on the magnon Hall conductivity follows a T{sup 2} law, as opposed to the kagome and pyrochlore lattices. These results suggest an experimental procedure to measure thermal Hall conductivity within a class of 2D honeycomb quantum magnets and ultracold atoms trapped in a honeycomb optical lattice. 20. The muon spectrometer of the L3 detector at LEP International Nuclear Information System (INIS) Peng, Y. 1988-01-01 In this thesis the construction of the muon spectrometer of the L3 detector is described, one of the four detectors presently being prepared for experimentation at LEP. This accelerator is built at CERN, Geneva, and is due to start operation in July 1989. One of the unique features of the L3 experiment is the measurement of the momentum of the muons produced in the e + e - collisions iwht an independent muon spectrometer. This makes it possible to study final states involving muons, with high accuracy (δP/P = 2% at 45 GeV). The muon spectrometer consists of 80 large drift chambers, arranged in 16 modules or 'octants', that fill a cylindrical volume of 12 m in length, 5 m inner diameter and 12 m outer diameter. The design of the drift chambers, the construction, the alignment procedure and the test results for the complete octants are described. 51 refs.; 57 figs.; 16 tabs 1. Tasks related to increase of RA reactor exploitation and experimental potential, 01. Designing the protection chamber in the RA reactor hall for handling the radioactive experimental equipment (I-II) Part II, Vol. II International Nuclear Information System (INIS) Pavicevic, M. 1963-07-01 This second volume of the project for construction of the protection chamber in the RA reactor hall for handling the radioactive devices includes the technical description of the chamber, calculation of the shielding wall thickness, bottom lead plate, horizontal stability of the chamber, cost estimation, and the engineering drawings 2. Kosmische Myonen im L3-Detektor CERN Document Server Saidi, Rachid 2000-01-01 Durch die Untersuchung des Mondschattens in der primaren kosmischen Strahlung konnen Informationen uber die Winkelau osung des L3-Detektors gewonnen werden, sowie mit ausreichender Statistik das Verhaltnis von Antiprotonen zu Protonen fur Protonenergien um 1 TeV abgeschatzt werden. Die Bahn der Protonen vom Mond zur Erde wird durch folgende Eekte beein ut: Das Magnetfeld zwischen Mond und Erde lenkt die geladenen Teilchen ab. Fur 1 TeV Protonenenergie wurde ein Wert von 1:70 abgeschatzt. Die Mehrfachstreuung in der 30 m dicken Erdschicht uber L3 verursacht eine Winkelverschmierung von 3.5 mrad fur 100 GeV Myonen. Der Winkel zwischen Proton und den sekundaren Myonen, die durch Wechselwirkung von primaren Kernen mit den oberen Schichten der Atmosphare entstehen, betragt 3 mrad fur 100 GeV Myonen. Die berechnete Winkelau osung dieser Untersuchung fur den L3-Detektor mit verschiedenen Energien betragt einen Wert von 0:170 0:030 fur das starkste Myonschattensignal bei 150 GeV Myonenenergie. Dabei wurde fur den Mon... 3. Spin Hall Effect in Doped Semiconductor Structures Science.gov (United States) Tse, Wang-Kong; Das Sarma, Sankar 2006-03-01 We present a microscopic theory of the extrinsic spin Hall effect based on the diagrammatic perturbation theory. Side-jump (SJ) and skew-scattering (SS) contributions are explicitly taken into account to calculate the spin Hall conductivity, and we show their effects scale as σxy^SJ/σxy^SS ˜(/τ)/ɛF, where τ being the transport relaxation time. Motivated by recent experimental work we apply our theory to n-doped and p-doped 3D and 2D GaAs structures, obtaining analytical formulas for the SJ and SS contributions. Moreover, the ratio of the spin Hall conductivity to longitudinal conductivity is found as σs/σc˜10-3-10-4, in reasonable agreement with the recent experimental results of Kato et al. [Science 306, 1910 (2004)] in n-doped 3D GaAs system. 4. Extrinsic spin Hall effect in graphene Science.gov (United States) Rappoport, Tatiana The intrinsic spin-orbit coupling in graphene is extremely weak, making it a promising spin conductor for spintronic devices. In addition, many applications also require the generation of spin currents in graphene. Theoretical predictions and recent experimental results suggest one can engineer the spin Hall effect in graphene by greatly enhancing the spin-orbit coupling in the vicinity of an impurity. The extrinsic spin Hall effect then results from the spin-dependent skew scattering of electrons by impurities in the presence of spin-orbit interaction. This effect can be used to efficiently convert charge currents into spin-polarized currents. I will discuss recent experimental results on spin Hall effect in graphene decorated with adatoms and metallic cluster and show that a large spin Hall effect can appear due to skew scattering. While this spin-orbit coupling is small if compared with what it is found in metals, the effect is strongly enhanced in the presence of resonant scattering, giving rise to robust spin Hall angles. I will present our single impurity scattering calculations done with exact partial-wave expansions and complement the analysis with numerical results from a novel real-space implementation of the Kubo formalism for tight-binding Hamiltonians. The author acknowledges the Brazilian agencies CNPq, CAPES, FAPERJ and INCT de Nanoestruturas de Carbono for financial support. 5. Experimental Infection of Sheep using Infective Lar- vae (L3 ... African Journals Online (AJOL) ²Previous: Ethiopian Wildlife Conservation Authority/Ethiopian Agricultural Research Organiza- .... coincidentally there was also a positive relationship, Regression statistics ..... Helminths, Arthropods and Protozoa of Domesticated Animals,. 6. Many-body calculation of the coincidence L3 photoelectron spectroscopy main line of Ni metal International Nuclear Information System (INIS) Ohno, Masahide 2008-01-01 The partial singles L 3 photoelectron spectroscopy (PES) main line of Ni metal correlated with Auger electrons emitted by the localized L 3 -VV Auger decay is calculated by a many-body theory. The partial singles L 3 PES main line of Ni metal almost coincides in both line shape and peak kinetic energy (KE) with the singles one. The former main line peak shows a KE shift of only 0.01 eV toward the lower KE and a very small asymmetric line shape change compared to the singles one. The asymmetric line shape change and the peak KE shift of the partial singles L 3 main line are very small. However, they are due to the variation with photoelectron KE in the branching ratio of the partial Auger decay width in the partial singles L 3 PES main line by the photoelectron KE dependent imaginary part of the shakeup self-energy. The L 3 PES main line of Ni metal measured in coincidence with the L 3 -VV ( 1 G) Auger electron spectroscopy (AES) main line peak is the partial singles one modulated by a spectral function R a of a fixed energy Auger electron analyzer so that it should show only a symmetric line narrowing by R a compared to the singles one. The L 3 PES main line peak of Ni metal measured in coincidence with the delocalized band-like L 3 -VV AES peak or not completely split-off (or not completely localized) L 3 -VV ( 3 F) AES peak, will show an asymmetric line narrowing and a KE shift compared to the singles one. Thus, the L 3 PES main line of Ni metal in coincidence with various parts of the L 3 -VV AES spectrum depends on which part of the L 3 -VV AES spectrum a fixed energy Auger electron analyzer is set. The experimental verification is in need 7. Quantum Hall conductivity in a Landau type model with a realistic geometry International Nuclear Information System (INIS) Chandelier, F.; Georgelin, Y.; Masson, T.; Wallet, J.-C. 2003-01-01 In this paper, we revisit some quantum mechanical aspects related to the quantum Hall effect. We consider a Landau type model, paying a special attention to the experimental and geometrical features of quantum Hall experiments. The resulting formalism is then used to compute explicitly the Hall conductivity from a Kubo formula 8. Inverse spin Hall effect by spin injection Science.gov (United States) Liu, S. Y.; Horing, Norman J. M.; Lei, X. L. 2007-09-01 Motivated by a recent experiment [S. O. Valenzuela and M. Tinkham, Nature (London) 442, 176 (2006)], the authors present a quantitative microscopic theory to investigate the inverse spin-Hall effect with spin injection into aluminum considering both intrinsic and extrinsic spin-orbit couplings using the orthogonalized-plane-wave method. Their theoretical results are in good agreement with the experimental data. It is also clear that the magnitude of the anomalous Hall resistivity is mainly due to contributions from extrinsic skew scattering. 9. Intrinsic superspin Hall current Science.gov (United States) Linder, Jacob; Amundsen, Morten; Risinggârd, Vetle 2017-09-01 We discover an intrinsic superspin Hall current: an injected charge supercurrent in a Josephson junction containing heavy normal metals and a ferromagnet generates a transverse spin supercurrent. There is no accompanying dissipation of energy, in contrast to the conventional spin Hall effect. The physical origin of the effect is an antisymmetric spin density induced among transverse modes ky near the interface of the superconductor arising due to the coexistence of p -wave and conventional s -wave superconducting correlations with a belonging phase mismatch. Our predictions can be tested in hybrid structures including thin heavy metal layers combined with strong ferromagnets and ordinary s -wave superconductors. 10. Composite fermions in the quantum Hall effect International Nuclear Information System (INIS) Johnson, B.L.; Kirczenow, G. 1997-01-01 The quantum Hall effect and associated quantum transport phenomena in low-dimensional systems have been the focus of much attention for more than a decade. Recent theoretical development of interesting quasiparticles - 'composite fermions' - has led to significant advances in understanding and predicting the behaviour of two-dimensional electron systems under high transverse magnetic fields. Composite fermions may be viewed as fermions carrying attached (fictitious) magnetic flux. Here we review models of the integer and fractional quantum Hall effects, including the development of a unified picture of the integer and fractional effects based upon composite fermions. The composite fermion picture predicts remarkable new physics: the formation of a Fermi surface at high magnetic fields, and anomalous ballistic transport, thermopower, and surface acoustic wave behaviour. The specific theoretical predictions of the model, as well as the body of experimental evidence for these phenomena are reviewed. We also review recent edge-state models for magnetotransport in low-dimensional devices based on the composite fermion picture. These models explain the fractional quantum Hall effect and transport phenomena in nanoscale devices in a unified framework that also includes edge state models of the integer quantum Hall effect. The features of the composite fermion edge-state model are compared and contrasted with those of other recent edge-state models of the fractional quantum Hall effect. (author) 11. Air temperature gradient in large industrial hall Science.gov (United States) Karpuk, Michał; Pełech, Aleksander; Przydróżny, Edward; Walaszczyk, Juliusz; Szczęśniak, Sylwia 2017-11-01 In the rooms with dominant sensible heat load, volume airflow depends on many factors incl. pre-established temperature difference between exhaust and supply airflow. As the temperature difference is getting higher, airflow volume drops down, consequently, the cost of AHU is reduced. In high industrial halls with air exhaust grids located under the ceiling additional temperature gradient above working zone should be taken into consideration. In this regard, experimental research of the vertical air temperature gradient in high industrial halls were carried out for the case of mixing ventilation system The paper presents the results of air temperature distribution measurements in high technological hall (mechanically ventilated) under significant sensible heat load conditions. The supply airflow was delivered to the hall with the help of the swirl diffusers while exhaust grids were located under the hall ceiling. Basing on the air temperature distribution measurements performed on the seven pre-established levels, air temperature gradient in the area between 2.0 and 7.0 m above the floor was calculated and analysed. 12. The Monty Hall Dilemma. Science.gov (United States) 1995-01-01 Examines people's behavior in the Monty Hall Dilemma (MHD), in which a person must make two decisions to win a prize. In a series of five studies, found that people misapprehend probabilities in the MHD. Discusses the MHD's relation to illusion of control, belief perseverance, and the status quo bias. (RJM) 13. Hall Sweet Home Science.gov (United States) Oguntoyinbo, Lekan 2011-01-01 Many urban and commuter universities have their sights set on students who are unlikely to connect with the college and likely to fail unless the right strategies are put in place to help them graduate. In efforts to improve retention rates, commuter colleges are looking to an unusual suspect: residence halls. The author discusses how these… 14. Anomalous Hall effect Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database Nagaosa, N.; Sinova, Jairo; Onoda, S.; MacDonald, A. H.; Ong, N. P. 2010-01-01 Roč. 82, č. 2 (2010), s. 1539-1592 ISSN 0034-6861 Institutional research plan: CEZ:AV0Z10100521 Keywords : anomalous Hall effect * spintronics Subject RIV: BM - Solid Matter Physics ; Magnetism Impact factor: 51.695, year: 2010 15. CERN News: Slow ejection efficiency at the PS; Vacuum tests on the ISR; Fire in the neutrino beam-line; Prototype r.f . cavity for the Booster; Crane-bridge in ISR experimental hall; Modifications to the r.f . system at the PS CERN Multimedia 1969-01-01 CERN News: Slow ejection efficiency at the PS; Vacuum tests on the ISR; Fire in the neutrino beam-line; Prototype r.f . cavity for the Booster; Crane-bridge in ISR experimental hall; Modifications to the r.f . system at the PS 16. 18 January 2011 - Ing. Vittorio Malacalza, ASG Superconductors S.p.A, Italy in the LHC superconducting magnet test hall with Deputy Department Head L. Rossi, in the LHC tunnel at Point 5 and CMS experimental area with Spokesperson G. Tonelli. CERN Multimedia Maximilien Brice 2011-01-01 18 January 2011 - Ing. Vittorio Malacalza, ASG Superconductors S.p.A, Italy in the LHC superconducting magnet test hall with Deputy Department Head L. Rossi, in the LHC tunnel at Point 5 and CMS experimental area with Spokesperson G. Tonelli. 17. 27 January 2012 - Mitglieder des Stiftungsrates Academia Engelberg und Gesellschaft zum Bettag Luzern Schweiz welcomed by Head of International Relations F. Pauss; visiting LHC tunnel at Point 5 and CMS experimental cavern; in the LHC superconducting magnet test hall SM18. CERN Multimedia Maximilien Brice 2012-01-01 27 January 2012 - Mitglieder des Stiftungsrates Academia Engelberg und Gesellschaft zum Bettag Luzern Schweiz welcomed by Head of International Relations F. Pauss; visiting LHC tunnel at Point 5 and CMS experimental cavern; in the LHC superconducting magnet test hall SM18. 18. Unconventional quantum Hall effect in Floquet topological insulators KAUST Repository Tahir, M. 2016-07-27 We study an unconventional quantum Hall effect for the surface states of ultrathin Floquet topological insulators in a perpendicular magnetic field. The resulting band structure is modified by photon dressing and the topological property is governed by the low-energy dynamics of a single surface. An exchange of symmetric and antisymmetric surface states occurs by reversing the lights polarization. We find a novel quantum Hall state in which the zeroth Landau level undergoes a phase transition from a trivial insulator state, with Hall conductivity αyx = 0 at zero Fermi energy, to a Hall insulator state with αyx = e2/2h. These findings open new possibilities for experimentally realizing nontrivial quantum states and unusual quantum Hall plateaus at (±1/2,±3/2,±5/2, ...)e2/h. © 2016 IOP Publishing Ltd Printed in the UK. 19. Unconventional quantum Hall effect in Floquet topological insulators KAUST Repository Tahir, M.; Vasilopoulos, P.; Schwingenschlö gl, Udo 2016-01-01 We study an unconventional quantum Hall effect for the surface states of ultrathin Floquet topological insulators in a perpendicular magnetic field. The resulting band structure is modified by photon dressing and the topological property is governed by the low-energy dynamics of a single surface. An exchange of symmetric and antisymmetric surface states occurs by reversing the lights polarization. We find a novel quantum Hall state in which the zeroth Landau level undergoes a phase transition from a trivial insulator state, with Hall conductivity αyx = 0 at zero Fermi energy, to a Hall insulator state with αyx = e2/2h. These findings open new possibilities for experimentally realizing nontrivial quantum states and unusual quantum Hall plateaus at (±1/2,±3/2,±5/2, ...)e2/h. © 2016 IOP Publishing Ltd Printed in the UK. 20. Spin Hall effect on a noncommutative space International Nuclear Information System (INIS) Ma Kai; Dulat, Sayipjamal 2011-01-01 We study the spin-orbital interaction and the spin Hall effect of an electron moving on a noncommutative space under the influence of a vector potential A(vector sign). On a noncommutative space, we find that the commutator between the vector potential A(vector sign) and the electric potential V 1 (r(vector sign)) of the lattice induces a new term, which can be treated as an effective electric field, and the spin Hall conductivity obtains some correction. On a noncommutative space, the spin current and spin Hall conductivity have distinct values in different directions, and depend explicitly on the noncommutative parameter. Once this spin Hall conductivity in different directions can be measured experimentally with a high level of accuracy, the data can then be used to impose bounds on the value of the space noncommutativity parameter. We have also defined a new parameter, σ=ρθ (ρ is the electron concentration, θ is the noncommutativity parameter), which can be measured experimentally. Our approach is based on the Foldy-Wouthuysen transformation, which gives a general Hamiltonian of a nonrelativistic electron moving on a noncommutative space. 1. A luminosity measurement at LEP using the L3 detector Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB) Koffeman, E.N. 1996-06-25 To perform high precision measurements at particle colliders it is crucial to know the exact intensity of the colliding beams. In particle physics this quantity is generally referred to as the luminosity. The determination of the luminosity in one of the experiments (L3) is the topic of this thesis. The implementation and the use of a silicon strip detector in L3, will be described in detail. In chapter one the most important parameters measured at LEP are discussed, preceded by a short introduction to the Standard Model. The process generally used for luminosity measurements in electron positron colliders is small angle Bhabha scattering. This process is discussed at the end of chapter one. In chapter two the characteristics of the collider and the L3 experiment are given. Together with the signature of the small angle Bhabha scattering, these experimental conditions determine the specifications for the design of the luminosity monitor. The general features of silicon strip detectors for their application in high energy physics are presented in chapter three. Some special attention is given to the behaviour of the sensors used for the tracking detector in the luminosity monitor. The more specific design details of the luminosity monitor are constricted to chapter four. In chapter five the conversion from detector signals into ccordinates relevant for the analysis is explained. The selection of the small angle Bhabha scattering events and the subsequent determination of the luminosity, are presented in chapter six. Systematic uncertainties are carefully studied. Important for a good understanding of the Bhabha selection are the events where a photon is produced in the scattering process. These events are separately studied. In chapter seven a comparison is presented between the radiative events observed in the data and their modelling in the Bhlumi Monte Carlo programme. (orig.). 2. A luminosity measurement at LEP using the L3 detector International Nuclear Information System (INIS) Koffeman, E.N. 1996-01-01 To perform high precision measurements at particle colliders it is crucial to know the exact intensity of the colliding beams. In particle physics this quantity is generally referred to as the luminosity. The determination of the luminosity in one of the experiments (L3) is the topic of this thesis. The implementation and the use of a silicon strip detector in L3, will be described in detail. In chapter one the most important parameters measured at LEP are discussed, preceded by a short introduction to the Standard Model. The process generally used for luminosity measurements in electron positron colliders is small angle Bhabha scattering. This process is discussed at the end of chapter one. In chapter two the characteristics of the collider and the L3 experiment are given. Together with the signature of the small angle Bhabha scattering, these experimental conditions determine the specifications for the design of the luminosity monitor. The general features of silicon strip detectors for their application in high energy physics are presented in chapter three. Some special attention is given to the behaviour of the sensors used for the tracking detector in the luminosity monitor. The more specific design details of the luminosity monitor are constricted to chapter four. In chapter five the conversion from detector signals into ccordinates relevant for the analysis is explained. The selection of the small angle Bhabha scattering events and the subsequent determination of the luminosity, are presented in chapter six. Systematic uncertainties are carefully studied. Important for a good understanding of the Bhabha selection are the events where a photon is produced in the scattering process. These events are separately studied. In chapter seven a comparison is presented between the radiative events observed in the data and their modelling in the Bhlumi Monte Carlo programme. (orig.) 3. Spin hall effect associated with SU(2) gauge field Science.gov (United States) Tao, Y. 2010-01-01 In this paper, we focus on the connection between spin Hall effect and spin force. Here we investigate that the spin force due to spin-orbit coupling, which, in two-dimensional system, is equivalent to forces of Hirsch and Chudnovsky besides constant factors 3 and frac{3}{2} respectively, is a part of classic Anandan force, and that the spin Hall effect is an anomalous Hall effect. Furthermore, we develop the method of AC phase to derive the expression for the spin force, and note that the most basic spin Hall effect indeed originate from the AC phase and is therefore an intrinsic quantum mechanical property of spin. This method differs from approach of Berry phase in the study of anomalous Hall effect , which is the intrinsic property of the perfect crystal. On the other hand, we use an elegant skill to show that the Chudnovsky-Drude model is reasonable. Here we have improved the theoretical values of spin Hall conductivity of Chudnovsky. Compared to the theoretical values of spin Hall conductivity in the Chudnovsky-Drude model, ours are in better agreement with experimentation. Finally, we discuss the relation between spin Hall effect and fractional statistics. 4. Paired Hall states International Nuclear Information System (INIS) Greiter, M. 1992-01-01 This dissertation contains a collection of individual articles on various topics. Their significance in the corresponding field as well as connections between them are emphasized in a general and comprehensive introduction. In the first article, the author explores the consequences for macroscopic effective Lagrangians of assuming that the momentum density is proportional to the flow of conserved current. The universal corrections obtained for the macroscopic Lagrangian of a superconductor describe the London Hall effect, and provide a fully consistent derivation of it. In the second article, a heuristic principle is proposed for quantized Hall states: the existence and incompressibility of fractionally quantized Hall states is explained by an argument based on an adiabatic localization of magnetic flux, the process of trading uniform flux for an equal amount of fictitious flux attached to the particles. This principle is exactly implemented in the third article. For a certain class of model Hamiltonians, the author obtains Laughlin's Jastrow type wave functions explicitly from a filled Landau level, by smooth extrapolation in quantum statistics. The generalization of this analysis to the torus geometry shows that theorems restricting the possibilities of quantum statistics on closed surfaces are circumvented in the presence of a magnetic field. In the last article, the existence is proposed of a novel incompressible quantum liquid, a paired Hall state, at a half filled Landau level. This state arises adiabatically from free fermions in zero magnetic field, and reduces to a state previously proposed by Halperin in the limit of tightly bound pairs. It supports unusual excitations, including neutral fermions and charge e/4 anyons with statistical parameter θ = π/8 5. Guild Hall retrofit Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB) 1984-08-01 This report demonstrates the economic viability of an exterior rewrap retrofit performed on a public community facility for the performing arts. This facility originally consisted of two mess halls built by the American army. The exterior retrofit consisted of constructing a super-insulated passageway to link the two halls as well as completely wrapping the facility with six millimetre polyethylene to provide an airtight barrier. The roofs and walls were reinsulated and insulation levels were increased to RSI 10.5 in the ceilings and RSI 7.7 in the walls. The installation of a propane fuelled furnace was also included in the retrofit package. Prior to the renovations and retrofitting, the Guild Hall facility was almost unusable. The demonstration project transformed the cold, drafty buildings into an attractive, comfortable and functional centre for the performing arts. Heating requirements have been reduced to 500 MJ/m {sup 2} of floor space annually compared to a predicted 1,760 MJ/m{sup 2} of floor space based on HOTCAN analysis of the heating requirements without the energy conservation measures. 9 figs., 10 tabs. 6. Measurement of L3 subshell absorption jump ratios and jump factors for high Z elements using EDXRF technique International Nuclear Information System (INIS) Kaçal, M.R. 2014-01-01 Energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence technique (EDXRF) has been employed for measuring L 3 -subshell absorption jump ratios, r L 3 and jump factors, J L 3 for high Z elements. Jump factors and jump ratios for these elements have been determined by measuring L 3 subshell fluorescence parameters such as L 3 subshell X-ray production cross section σ L 3 , L 3 subshell fluorescence yield, ω L 3 , total L 3 subshell and higher subshells photoionization cross section σ L T . Measurements were performed using a Cd-109 radioactive point source and an Si(Li) detector in direct excitation experimental geometry. Measured values for jump factors and jump ratios have been compared with theoretically calculated and other experimental values. - Highlights: • This paper regards L 3 subshell absorption jump ratios and jump factors using the EDXRF method. • These parameters were measured using a new method. • This method is more useful than other methods which require much effort. • Results are in good agreement with theoretical and experimental values 7. The fractional quantum Hall effect International Nuclear Information System (INIS) Stormer, H.L. 1988-01-01 The fractional quantum Hall effect (FQHE), is the manifestation of a new, highly correlated, many-particle ground state that forms in a two-dimensional electron system at low temperatures and in high magnetic fields. It is an example of the new physics that has grown out of the tremendous recent advances in semiconductor material science, which has provided us with high-quality, lower-dimensional carrier systems. The novel electronic state exposes itself in transport experiments through quantization of the Hall resistance to an exact rational fraction of h/e, and concomitantly vanishing longitudinal resistivity. Its relevant energy scale is only a few degrees kelvin. The quantization is a consequence of the spontaneous formation of an energy gap separating the condensed ground state from its rather elusive quasiparticle excitations. The theoretical understanding of the novel quantum liquids which underlie the FQHE has predominantly emerged from an ingenious many-particle wave function strongly supported by numerous few-particle simulations. Theory has now constructed a complex model for ideal two-dimensional electron systems in the presence of high magnetic fields and makes definitive, often fascinating predictions. Experiments have successively uncovered odd-denominator fractional states reaching presently to 7/13. The application of new experimental tools to the FQHE, such as optics, microwaves, and phonon techniques promises the direct observation of such parameters as the gap energy and possibly even some of the more elusive quantities in the future. While theory and experiment in the FQHE appear to be converging, there remains considerable room for challenging surprises. This paper provides a concise overview of the FQHE. It focuses on the experimental aspects and states, but does not expand on the theoretical advances. 70 refs., 11 figs 8. Topological Hall and Spin Hall Effects in Disordered Skyrmionic Textures OpenAIRE N'diaye, P. B.; Akosa, C. A.; Manchon, A. 2016-01-01 We carry out a throughout study of the topological Hall and topological spin Hall effects in disordered skyrmionic systems: the dimensionless (spin) Hall angles are evaluated across the energy band structure in the multiprobe Landauer-B\\"uttiker formalism and their link to the effective magnetic field emerging from the real space topology of the spin texture is highlighted. We discuss these results for an optimal skyrmion size and for various sizes of the sample and found that the adiabatic a... 9. The Effects of L2 Experience on L3 Perception Science.gov (United States) Onishi, Hiromi 2016-01-01 This study examines the influence of experience with a second language (L2) on the perception of phonological contrasts in a third language (L3). This study contributes to L3 phonology by examining the influence of L2 phonological perception abilities on the perception of an L3 at the beginner level. Participants were native speakers of Korean… 10. A hall for assembly and cryogenic tests International Nuclear Information System (INIS) Beaunier, J.; Buhler, S.; Caruette, A.; Chevrollier, R.; Junquera, T.; Le Scornet, J.C. 1999-01-01 Cryodrome, an assembly hall and the testing ground for cryogenic equipment and R and D experiments for the superconducting cavities is going to be transformed for its future missions. The cryogenic utilities, especially the He low pressure pumping capacity, was rearranged and extended to a new area. Space was provided to install CRYHOLAB, a new horizontal cryostat for cavity testing. Automatic control and supervision of the utilities and the experimental area are rebuilt and updated. (authors) 11. Quantum hall effect. A perspective International Nuclear Information System (INIS) Aoki, Hideo 2006-01-01 Novel concepts and phenomena are emerging recently in the physics of quantum Hall effect. This article gives an overview, which starts from the fractional quantum Hall system viewed as an extremely strongly correlated system, and move on to present various phenomena involving internal degrees of freedom (spin and layer), non-equilibrium and optical properties, and finally the spinoff to anomalous Hall effect and the rotating Bose-Einstein condensate. (author) 12. Magnesium Hall Thruster Science.gov (United States) Szabo, James J. 2015-01-01 This Phase II project is developing a magnesium (Mg) Hall effect thruster system that would open the door for in situ resource utilization (ISRU)-based solar system exploration. Magnesium is light and easy to ionize. For a Mars- Earth transfer, the propellant mass savings with respect to a xenon Hall effect thruster (HET) system are enormous. Magnesium also can be combusted in a rocket with carbon dioxide (CO2) or water (H2O), enabling a multimode propulsion system with propellant sharing and ISRU. In the near term, CO2 and H2O would be collected in situ on Mars or the moon. In the far term, Mg itself would be collected from Martian and lunar regolith. In Phase I, an integrated, medium-power (1- to 3-kW) Mg HET system was developed and tested. Controlled, steady operation at constant voltage and power was demonstrated. Preliminary measurements indicate a specific impulse (Isp) greater than 4,000 s was achieved at a discharge potential of 400 V. The feasibility of delivering fluidized Mg powder to a medium- or high-power thruster also was demonstrated. Phase II of the project evaluated the performance of an integrated, highpower Mg Hall thruster system in a relevant space environment. Researchers improved the medium power thruster system and characterized it in detail. Researchers also designed and built a high-power (8- to 20-kW) Mg HET. A fluidized powder feed system supporting the high-power thruster was built and delivered to Busek Company, Inc. 13. Spin Hall effect transistor Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database Wunderlich, Joerg; Park, B.G.; Irvine, A.C.; Zarbo, Liviu; Rozkotová, E.; Němec, P.; Novák, Vít; Sinova, Jairo; Jungwirth, Tomáš 2010-01-01 Roč. 330, č. 6012 (2010), s. 1801-1804 ISSN 0036-8075 R&D Projects: GA AV ČR KAN400100652; GA MŠk LC510 EU Projects: European Commission(XE) 215368 - SemiSpinNet Grant - others:AV ČR(CZ) AP0801 Program:Akademická prémie - Praemium Academiae Institutional research plan: CEZ:AV0Z10100521 Keywords : spin Hall effect * spintronics * spin transistor Subject RIV: BM - Solid Matter Physics ; Magnetism Impact factor: 31.364, year: 2010 14. Spontaneous Hall effect in a chiral p-wave superconductor Science.gov (United States) Furusaki, Akira; Matsumoto, Masashige; Sigrist, Manfred 2001-08-01 In a chiral superconductor with broken time-reversal symmetry a spontaneous Hall effect'' may be observed. We analyze this phenomenon by taking into account the surface properties of a chiral superconductor. We identify two main contributions to the spontaneous Hall effect. One contribution originates from the Bernoulli (or Lorentz) force due to spontaneous currents running along the surfaces of the superconductor. The other contribution has a topological origin and is related to the intrinsic angular momentum of Cooper pairs. The latter can be described in terms of a Chern-Simons-like term in the low-energy field theory of the superconductor and has some similarities with the quantum Hall effect. The spontaneous Hall effect in a chiral superconductor is, however, nonuniversal. Our analysis is based on three approaches to the problem: a self-consistent solution of the Bogoliubov-de Gennes equation, a generalized Ginzburg-Landau theory, and a hydrodynamic formulation. All three methods consistently lead to the same conclusion that the spontaneous Hall resistance of a two-dimensional superconducting Hall bar is of order h/(ekFλ)2, where kF is the Fermi wave vector and λ is the London penetration depth; the Hall resistance is substantially suppressed from a quantum unit of resistance. Experimental issues in measuring this effect are briefly discussed. 15. Quantum Hall Electron Nematics Science.gov (United States) MacDonald, Allan In 2D electron systems hosted by crystals with hexagonal symmetry, electron nematic phases with spontaneously broken C3 symmetry are expected to occur in the quantum Hall regime when triplets of Landau levels associated with three different Fermi surface pockets are partially filled. The broken symmetry state is driven by intravalley Coulombic exchange interactions that favor spontaneously polarized valley occupations. I will discuss three different examples of 2D electron systems in which this type of broken symmetry state is expected to occur: i) the SnTe (111) surface, ii) the Bi (111) surface. and iii) unbalanced bilayer graphene. This type of quantum Hall electron nematic state has so far been confirmed only in the Bi (111) case, in which the anisotropic quasiparticle wavefunctions of the broken symmetry state were directly imaged. In the SnTe case the nematic state phase boundary is controlled by a competition between intravalley Coulomb interactions and intervalley scattering processes that increase in relative strength with magnetic field. An in-plane Zeeman field alters the phase diagram by lifting the three-fold Landau level degeneracy, yielding a ground state energy with 2 π/3 periodicity as a function of Zeeman-field orientation angle. I will comment on the possibility of observing similar states in the absence of a magnetic field. Supported by DOE Division of Materials Sciences and Engineering Grant DE-FG03-02ER45958. 16. The ISOLDE hall CERN Multimedia Maximilien Brice 2002-01-01 Since 1992, after its move from the 600 MeV SC, ISOLDE is a customer of the Booster (then 1 GeV, now 1.4 GeV). The intense Booster beam (some 3E13 protons per pulse) is directed onto a target, from which a mixture of isotopes emanates. After ionization and electrostatic acceleration to 60 keV, they enter one of the 2 spectrometers (General Purpose Separator: GPS, and High Resolution Separator: HRS) from which the selected ions are directed to the experiments. The photos show: the REX-ISOLDE post accelerator; the mini-ball experiment; an overview of the ISOLDE hall. In the picture (_12) of the hall, the separators are behind the wall. From either of them, beams can be directed into any of the many beamlines towards the experiments, some of which are visible in the foreground. The elevated cubicle at the left is EBIS (Electron Beam Ion Source), which acts as a charge-state multiplier for the REX facility. The ions are further mass analzyzed and passed on to the linac which accelerates them to higher energies. T... 17. Energy consumption of sport halls Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB) 1983-01-01 The energy consumption of Finland's sports halls (ball games halls, ice hockey halls and swimming halls) represent approximately 1% of that of the country's whole building stock. In the light of the facts revealed by the energy study the potential energy saving rate in sports halls is 15-25%. The total savings would be something like FIM 30-40 million per annum, of which about a half would be achieved without energy-economic investments only by changing utilization habits and by automatic control measures. The energy-economic investments are for the most part connected with ventilation and their repayment period is from one to five years. On the basis of the energy study the following specific consumption are presented as target values: swimming halls: heat (kWh/m*H3/a)100, electricity (kWh/m*H3/a)35, water (l/m*H3/a)1000 icehockey halls (warm): heat (kWh/m*H3/a)25, electricity (kWh/m*H3/a)15, water (l/m*H3/a)200, ball games halls (multi-purpose halls): heat (kWh/m*H3/a)30, electricity (kWh/m*H3/a)25, water (l/m*H3/a)130. In the study the following points proved to be the central areas of energy saving in sports halls: 1. Flexible regulation of the temperature in sports spaces on the basis of the sport in question. 2. The ventilation of swimming halls should be adjusted in such a way that the humidity of the hall air would comply with the limit humidity curve determined by the quality of structures and the temperature of the outdoor air. 3. An ice skating hall is an establishment producing condensing energy from 8 to 9 months a year worth of approx. 100.000-150.000 Finnmarks. The development of the recovery of condensing energy has become more important. 4. The ventilation of ball games halls may account for over 50% of the energy consumption of the whole building. Therefore special attention should be paid to the optimatization of ventilation as a whole. 18. Analysis list: l(3)mbt [Chip-atlas[Archive Lifescience Database Archive (English) Full Text Available l(3)mbt Cell line,Larvae + dm3 http://dbarchive.biosciencedbc.jp/kyushu-u/dm3/target/l(3)mbt.1.tsv http:...//dbarchive.biosciencedbc.jp/kyushu-u/dm3/target/l(3)mbt.5.tsv http://dbarchive.bioscie...ncedbc.jp/kyushu-u/dm3/target/l(3)mbt.10.tsv http://dbarchive.biosciencedbc.jp/kyushu-u/dm3/colo/l(3)mbt.Cell_line.tsv,http:...//dbarchive.biosciencedbc.jp/kyushu-u/dm3/colo/l(3)mbt.Larvae.tsv http:...//dbarchive.biosciencedbc.jp/kyushu-u/dm3/colo/Cell_line.gml,http://dbarchive.biosciencedbc.jp/kyushu-u/dm3/colo/Larvae.gml ... 19. Scanning vector Hall probe microscopy International Nuclear Information System (INIS) Cambel, V.; Gregusova, D.; Fedor, J.; Kudela, R.; Bending, S.J. 2004-01-01 We have developed a scanning vector Hall probe microscope for mapping magnetic field vector over magnetic samples. The microscope is based on a micromachined Hall sensor and the cryostat with scanning system. The vector Hall sensor active area is ∼5x5 μm 2 . It is realized by patterning three Hall probes on the tilted faces of GaAs pyramids. Data from these 'tilted' Hall probes are used to reconstruct the full magnetic field vector. The scanning area of the microscope is 5x5 mm 2 , space resolution 2.5 μm, field resolution ∼1 μT Hz -1/2 at temperatures 10-300 K 20. Coulomb blockade in hierarchical quantum Hall droplets International Nuclear Information System (INIS) Cappelli, Andrea; Georgiev, Lachezar S; Zemba, Guillermo R 2009-01-01 The degeneracy of energy levels in a quantum dot of Hall fluid, leading to conductance peaks, can be readily derived from the partition functions of conformal field theory. Their complete expressions can be found for Hall states with both Abelian and non-Abelian statistics, upon adapting known results for the annulus geometry. We analyze the Abelian states with hierarchical filling fractions, ν = m/(mp ± 1), and find a non-trivial pattern of conductance peaks. In particular, each one of them occurs with a characteristic multiplicity, which is due to the extended symmetry of the m-folded edge. Experimental tests of the multiplicity can shed more light on the dynamics of this composite edge. (fast track communication) 1. Observation of the anomalous Hall effect in GaAs International Nuclear Information System (INIS) Miah, M Idrish 2007-01-01 Devices for the direct detection of the spin current, based on the anomalous Hall effect (AHE), are fabricated on n-type GaAs bulk semiconductor materials. The AHE is observed in the device when the photoinduced spin-polarized electrons are injected into it, and it is found that the effect depends on the applied electric field. The origin of the field-dependent observed Hall effect is discussed based on the D'yakonov-Perel' (DP) spin relaxation mechanism. The spin-dependent Hall effect is also found to be enhanced with increasing doping concentration. The present experimental results might have potential applications in semiconductor spintronic devices since the effect is closely related to the spin Hall effect 2. Observation of the anomalous Hall effect in GaAs Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB) Miah, M Idrish [Nanoscale Science and Technology Centre, School of Science, Griffith University, Nathan, Brisbane, QLD 4111 (Australia); Department of Physics, University of Chittagong, Chittagong, Chittagong - 4331 (Bangladesh) 2007-03-21 Devices for the direct detection of the spin current, based on the anomalous Hall effect (AHE), are fabricated on n-type GaAs bulk semiconductor materials. The AHE is observed in the device when the photoinduced spin-polarized electrons are injected into it, and it is found that the effect depends on the applied electric field. The origin of the field-dependent observed Hall effect is discussed based on the D'yakonov-Perel' (DP) spin relaxation mechanism. The spin-dependent Hall effect is also found to be enhanced with increasing doping concentration. The present experimental results might have potential applications in semiconductor spintronic devices since the effect is closely related to the spin Hall effect. 3. Recent results from L3+COSMICS at CERN L3 collaboration CERN Document Server Bertaina, M 2002-01-01 11x10 sup 9 cosmic ray muon events above 20 GeV have been collected with the L3+C detector at LEP, CERN, in 1999 and 2000. During the last year the energy, core position and direction of the air showers causing the observed muons could be derived for part of the data. Preliminary results for the vertical muon flux and charge ratio depending on the muon momentum are shown. The influence of the air shower energy on the muon properties is studied. A search for muon rate increase during the solar flare of the 14 sup t sup h July 2000 is performed. Meteorological effects on cosmic ray intensity measurements are discussed. 4. On Hall current fluid International Nuclear Information System (INIS) Shen, M.C.; Ebel, D. 1987-01-01 In this paper some new results concerning magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) equations with the Hall current (HC) term in the Ohm's law are presented. For the cylindrical pinch of a compressible HC fluid, it is found that for large time and long wave length the solution to the governing equations exhibits the behavior of solitons as in the case of an ideal MHD model. In some special cases, the HC model appears to be better posed. An open question is whether a simple toroidal equilibrium of an HC fluid with resistivity and viscosity exists. The answer to this question is affirmative if the prescribed velocity on the boundary has a small norm. Furthermore, the equilibrium is also linearly and nonlinearly stable 5. Farm Hall: The Play Science.gov (United States) Cassidy, David C. 2013-03-01 It's July 1945. Germany is in defeat and the atomic bombs are on their way to Japan. Under the direction of Samuel Goudsmit, the Allies are holding some of the top German nuclear scientists-among them Heisenberg, Hahn, and Gerlach-captive in Farm Hall, an English country manor near Cambridge, England. As secret microphones record their conversations, the scientists are unaware of why they are being held or for how long. Thinking themselves far ahead of the Allies, how will they react to the news of the atomic bombs? How will these famous scientists explain to themselves and to the world their failure to achieve even a chain reaction? How will they come to terms with the horror of the Third Reich, their work for such a regime, and their behavior during that period? This one-act play is based upon the transcripts of their conversations as well as the author's historical work on the subject. 6. Quantum Hall effect International Nuclear Information System (INIS) Joynt, R.J. 1982-01-01 A general investigation of the electronic structure of two dimensional systems is undertaken with a view towards understanding the quantum Hall effect. The work is limited to the case of a strong perpendicular magnetic field, with a disordered potential and an externally applied electric field. The electrons are treated as noninteracting. First, the scattering theory of the system is worked out. The surprising result is found that a wavepacket will reform after scattering from an isolated potential. Also it will tend to be accelerated in the neighborhood of the scatterer if the potential has bound states. Fredholm theory can then be used to show that the extended states carry an additional current which compensates for the zero current of the bound states. Together, these give the quantized conductance. The complementary case of a smooth random potential is treated by a path-integral approach which exploits the analogies to the classical equations of motion. The Green's function can be calculated approximately, which gives the general character of both the bound and extended states. Also the ratio of these two types of states can be computed for a given potential. The charge density is uniform in first approximation, and the Hall conductance is quantized. Higher-order corrections for more rapidly fluctuating potential are calculated. The most general conditions under which the conductance is quantized are discussed. Because of the peculiar scattering properties of the system, numerical solution of the Schroedinger equation is of interest, both to confirm the analytical results, and for pedagogical reasons. The stability and convergence problems inherent in the computer solution of the problem are analyzed. Results for some model scattering potentials are presented 7. Quantum energy teleportation in a quantum Hall system Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB) Yusa, Go; Izumida, Wataru; Hotta, Masahiro [Department of Physics, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8578 (Japan) 2011-09-15 We propose an experimental method for a quantum protocol termed quantum energy teleportation (QET), which allows energy transportation to a remote location without physical carriers. Using a quantum Hall system as a realistic model, we discuss the physical significance of QET and estimate the order of energy gain using reasonable experimental parameters. 8. Hall Effect Gyrators and Circulators Science.gov (United States) Viola, Giovanni; DiVincenzo, David P. 2014-04-01 The electronic circulator and its close relative the gyrator are invaluable tools for noise management and signal routing in the current generation of low-temperature microwave systems for the implementation of new quantum technologies. The current implementation of these devices using the Faraday effect is satisfactory but requires a bulky structure whose physical dimension is close to the microwave wavelength employed. The Hall effect is an alternative nonreciprocal effect that can also be used to produce desired device functionality. We review earlier efforts to use an Ohmically contacted four-terminal Hall bar, explaining why this approach leads to unacceptably high device loss. We find that capacitive coupling to such a Hall conductor has much greater promise for achieving good circulator and gyrator functionality. We formulate a classical Ohm-Hall analysis for calculating the properties of such a device, and show how this classical theory simplifies remarkably in the limiting case of the Hall angle approaching 90°. In this limit, we find that either a four-terminal or a three-terminal capacitive device can give excellent circulator behavior, with device dimensions far smaller than the ac wavelength. An experiment is proposed to achieve GHz-band gyration in millimeter (and smaller) scale structures employing either semiconductor heterostructure or graphene Hall conductors. An inductively coupled scheme for realizing a Hall gyrator is also analyzed. 9. Technicians dismantle the inner section of L3 CERN Multimedia Laurent Guiraud 2001-01-01 The technicians are dismantling the forward tracking chamber located at the heart of the L3 detector. This formed part of the hadronic calorimeter, which is used for measuring particle energies. L3 was an experiment at the LEP collider that ran from 1989 to 2000. 10. GLONASS CDMA L3 ambiguity resolution and positioning NARCIS (Netherlands) Zaminpardaz, Safoora; Teunissen, P.J.G.; Nadarajah, Nandakumaran 2016-01-01 A first assessment of GLONASS CDMA L3 ambiguity resolution and positioning performance is provided. Our analyses are based on GLONASS L3 data from the satellite pair SVNs 755-801, received by two JAVAD receivers at Curtin University, Perth, Australia. In our analyses, four different versions of 11. Topological Hall and spin Hall effects in disordered skyrmionic textures KAUST Repository Ndiaye, Papa Birame; Akosa, Collins Ashu; Manchon, Aurelien 2017-01-01 We carry out a thorough study of the topological Hall and topological spin Hall effects in disordered skyrmionic systems: the dimensionless (spin) Hall angles are evaluated across the energy-band structure in the multiprobe Landauer-Büttiker formalism and their link to the effective magnetic field emerging from the real-space topology of the spin texture is highlighted. We discuss these results for an optimal skyrmion size and for various sizes of the sample and find that the adiabatic approximation still holds for large skyrmions as well as for nanoskyrmions. Finally, we test the robustness of the topological signals against disorder strength and show that the topological Hall effect is highly sensitive to momentum scattering. 12. Topological Hall and spin Hall effects in disordered skyrmionic textures KAUST Repository Ndiaye, Papa Birame 2017-02-24 We carry out a thorough study of the topological Hall and topological spin Hall effects in disordered skyrmionic systems: the dimensionless (spin) Hall angles are evaluated across the energy-band structure in the multiprobe Landauer-Büttiker formalism and their link to the effective magnetic field emerging from the real-space topology of the spin texture is highlighted. We discuss these results for an optimal skyrmion size and for various sizes of the sample and find that the adiabatic approximation still holds for large skyrmions as well as for nanoskyrmions. Finally, we test the robustness of the topological signals against disorder strength and show that the topological Hall effect is highly sensitive to momentum scattering. 13. Tuning giant anomalous Hall resistance ratio in perpendicular Hall balance Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB) Zhang, J. Y.; Yang, G. [Department of Materials Physics and Chemistry, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083 (China); State Key Laboratory of Magnetism, Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190 (China); Wang, S. G., E-mail: sgwang@iphy.ac.cn, E-mail: ghyu@mater.ustb.edu.cn [State Key Laboratory of Magnetism, Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190 (China); Liu, J. L. [State Key Laboratory of Magnetism, Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190 (China); Department of Physics, Beijing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Beijing 100191 (China); Wang, R. M. [Department of Physics, Beijing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Beijing 100191 (China); Amsellem, E.; Kohn, A. [Department of Materials Engineering, Ilse Katz Institute for Nanoscale Science and Technology, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 84105 (Israel); Yu, G. H., E-mail: sgwang@iphy.ac.cn, E-mail: ghyu@mater.ustb.edu.cn [Department of Materials Physics and Chemistry, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083 (China) 2015-04-13 Anomalous Hall effect at room temperature in perpendicular Hall balance with a core structure of [Pt/Co]{sub 4}/NiO/[Co/Pt]{sub 4} has been tuned by functional CoO layers, where [Pt/Co]{sub 4} multilayers exhibit perpendicular magnetic anisotropy. A giant Hall resistance ratio up to 69 900% and saturation Hall resistance (R{sub S}{sup P}) up to 2590 mΩ were obtained in CoO/[Pt/Co]{sub 4}/NiO/[Co/Pt]{sub 4}/CoO system, which is 302% and 146% larger than that in the structure without CoO layers, respectively. Transmission electron microscopy shows highly textured [Co/Pt]{sub 4} multilayers and oxide layers with local epitaxial relations, indicating that the crystallographic structure has significant influence on spin dependent transport properties. 14. Anode Fall Formation in a Hall Thruster International Nuclear Information System (INIS) Dorf, Leonid A.; Raitses, Yevgeny F.; Smirnov, Artem N.; Fisch, Nathaniel J. 2004-01-01 As was reported in our previous work, accurate, nondisturbing near-anode measurements of the plasma density, electron temperature, and plasma potential performed with biased and emissive probes allowed the first experimental identification of both electron-repelling (negative anode fall) and electron-attracting (positive anode fall) anode sheaths in Hall thrusters. An interesting new phenomenon revealed by the probe measurements is that the anode fall changes from positive to negative upon removal of the dielectric coating, which appears on the anode surface during the course of Hall thruster operation. As reported in the present work, energy dispersion spectroscopy analysis of the chemical composition of the anode dielectric coating indicates that the coating layer consists essentially of an oxide of the anode material (stainless steel). However, it is still unclear how oxygen gets into the thruster channel. Most importantly, possible mechanisms of anode fall formation in a Hall thruster with a clean and a coated anodes are analyzed in this work; practical implication of understanding the general structure of the electron-attracting anode sheath in the case of a coated anode is also discussed 15. LOFT/L3-, Loss of Fluid Test, 7. NRC L3 Small Break LOCA Experiment International Nuclear Information System (INIS) 1992-01-01 1 - Description of test facility: The LOFT Integral Test Facility is a scale model of a LPWR. The intent of the facility is to model the nuclear, thermal-hydraulic phenomena which would take place in a LPWR during a LOCA. The general philosophy in scaling coolant volumes and flow areas in LOFT was to use the ratio of the LOFT core [50 MW(t)] to a typical LPWR core [3000 MW(t)]. For some components, this factor is not applied; however, it is used as extensively as practical. In general, components used in LOFT are similar in design to those of a LPWR. Because of scaling and component design, the LOFT LOCA is expected to closely model a LPWR LOCA. 2 - Description of test: This was the seventh in the NRC L3 Series of small-break LOCA experiments. A 2.5-cm (10-in.) cold-leg non-communicative-break LOCA was simulated. The experiment was conducted on 20 June 1980 16. Anisotropic intrinsic spin Hall effect in quantum wires International Nuclear Information System (INIS) Cummings, A W; Akis, R; Ferry, D K 2011-01-01 We use numerical simulations to investigate the spin Hall effect in quantum wires in the presence of both Rashba and Dresselhaus spin-orbit coupling. We find that the intrinsic spin Hall effect is highly anisotropic with respect to the orientation of the wire, and that the nature of this anisotropy depends strongly on the electron density and the relative strengths of the Rashba and Dresselhaus spin-orbit couplings. In particular, at low densities, when only one subband of the quantum wire is occupied, the spin Hall effect is strongest for electron momentum along the [1-bar 10] axis, which is the opposite of what is expected for the purely 2D case. In addition, when more than one subband is occupied, the strength and anisotropy of the spin Hall effect can vary greatly over relatively small changes in electron density, which makes it difficult to predict which wire orientation will maximize the strength of the spin Hall effect. These results help to illuminate the role of quantum confinement in spin-orbit-coupled systems, and can serve as a guide for future experimental work on the use of quantum wires for spin-Hall-based spintronic applications. (paper) 17. A holographic model for the fractional quantum Hall effect Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB) Lippert, Matthew [Institute for Theoretical Physics, University of Amsterdam,Science Park 904, 1090GL Amsterdam (Netherlands); Meyer, René [Kavli Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe (WPI), The University of Tokyo,Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8568 (Japan); Taliotis, Anastasios [Theoretische Natuurkunde, Vrije Universiteit Brussel andThe International Solvay Institutes,Pleinlaan 2, B-1050 Brussels (Belgium) 2015-01-08 Experimental data for fractional quantum Hall systems can to a large extent be explained by assuming the existence of a Γ{sub 0}(2) modular symmetry group commuting with the renormalization group flow and hence mapping different phases of two-dimensional electron gases into each other. Based on this insight, we construct a phenomenological holographic model which captures many features of the fractional quantum Hall effect. Using an SL(2,ℤ)-invariant Einstein-Maxwell-axio-dilaton theory capturing the important modular transformation properties of quantum Hall physics, we find dyonic diatonic black hole solutions which are gapped and have a Hall conductivity equal to the filling fraction, as expected for quantum Hall states. We also provide several technical results on the general behavior of the gauge field fluctuations around these dyonic dilatonic black hole solutions: we specify a sufficient criterion for IR normalizability of the fluctuations, demonstrate the preservation of the gap under the SL(2,ℤ) action, and prove that the singularity of the fluctuation problem in the presence of a magnetic field is an accessory singularity. We finish with a preliminary investigation of the possible IR scaling solutions of our model and some speculations on how they could be important for the observed universality of quantum Hall transitions. 18. A holographic model for the fractional quantum Hall effect Science.gov (United States) Lippert, Matthew; Meyer, René; Taliotis, Anastasios 2015-01-01 Experimental data for fractional quantum Hall systems can to a large extent be explained by assuming the existence of a Γ0(2) modular symmetry group commuting with the renormalization group flow and hence mapping different phases of two-dimensional electron gases into each other. Based on this insight, we construct a phenomenological holographic model which captures many features of the fractional quantum Hall effect. Using an -invariant Einstein-Maxwell-axio-dilaton theory capturing the important modular transformation properties of quantum Hall physics, we find dyonic diatonic black hole solutions which are gapped and have a Hall conductivity equal to the filling fraction, as expected for quantum Hall states. We also provide several technical results on the general behavior of the gauge field fluctuations around these dyonic dilatonic black hole solutions: we specify a sufficient criterion for IR normalizability of the fluctuations, demonstrate the preservation of the gap under the action, and prove that the singularity of the fluctuation problem in the presence of a magnetic field is an accessory singularity. We finish with a preliminary investigation of the possible IR scaling solutions of our model and some speculations on how they could be important for the observed universality of quantum Hall transitions. 19. Gauge invariance and fractional quantized Hall effect International Nuclear Information System (INIS) Tao, R.; Wu, Y.S. 1984-01-01 It is shown that gauge invariance arguments imply the possibility of fractional quantized Hall effect; the Hall conductance is accurately quantized to a rational value. The ground state of a system showing the fractional quantized Hall effect must be degenerate; the non-degenerate ground state can only produce the integral quantized Hall effect. 12 references 20. "Hall mees" Linnateatris / Triin Sinissaar Index Scriptorium Estoniae Sinissaar, Triin 1999-01-01 Tallinn Linnateatri ja Raadioteatri ühislavastus "Hall mees" Gill Adamsi näidendi järgi, lavastaja Eero Spriit, osades Helene Vannari ja Väino Laes, kunstnik Kustav - Agu Püüman. Esietendus 22. okt 1. Sheldon-Hall syndrome Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden) 2009-03-01 Full Text Available Abstract Sheldon-Hall syndrome (SHS is a rare multiple congenital contracture syndrome characterized by contractures of the distal joints of the limbs, triangular face, downslanting palpebral fissures, small mouth, and high arched palate. Epidemiological data for the prevalence of SHS are not available, but less than 100 cases have been reported in the literature. Other common clinical features of SHS include prominent nasolabial folds, high arched palate, attached earlobes, mild cervical webbing, short stature, severe camptodactyly, ulnar deviation, and vertical talus and/or talipes equinovarus. Typically, the contractures are most severe at birth and non-progressive. SHS is inherited in an autosomal dominant pattern but about half the cases are sporadic. Mutations in either MYH3, TNNI2, or TNNT3 have been found in about 50% of cases. These genes encode proteins of the contractile apparatus of fast twitch skeletal muscle fibers. The diagnosis of SHS is based on clinical criteria. Mutation analysis is useful to distinguish SHS from arthrogryposis syndromes with similar features (e.g. distal arthrogryposis 1 and Freeman-Sheldon syndrome. Prenatal diagnosis by ultrasonography is feasible at 18–24 weeks of gestation. If the family history is positive and the mutation is known in the family, prenatal molecular genetic diagnosis is possible. There is no specific therapy for SHS. However, patients benefit from early intervention with occupational and physical therapy, serial casting, and/or surgery. Life expectancy and cognitive abilities are normal. 2. Anode sheath in Hall thrusters International Nuclear Information System (INIS) Dorf, L.; Semenov, V.; Raitses, Y. 2003-01-01 A set of hydrodynamic equations is used to describe quasineutral plasma in ionization and acceleration regions of a Hall thruster. The electron distribution function and Poisson equation are invoked for description of a near-anode region. Numerical solutions suggest that steady-state operation of a Hall thruster can be achieved at different anode sheath regimes. It is shown that the anode sheath depends on the thruster operating conditions, namely the discharge voltage and the mass flow rate 3. Theory of spin Hall effect OpenAIRE Chudnovsky, Eugene M. 2007-01-01 An extension of Drude model is proposed that accounts for spin and spin-orbit interaction of charge carriers. Spin currents appear due to combined action of the external electric field, crystal field and scattering of charge carriers. The expression for spin Hall conductivity is derived for metals and semiconductors that is independent of the scattering mechanism. In cubic metals, spin Hall conductivity $\\sigma_s$ and charge conductivity $\\sigma_c$ are related through $\\sigma_s = [2 \\pi \\hbar... 4. Optimization of Cylindrical Hall Thrusters International Nuclear Information System (INIS) Raitses, Yevgeny; Smirnov, Artem; Granstedt, Erik; Fisch, Nathaniel J. 2007-01-01 The cylindrical Hall thruster features high ionization efficiency, quiet operation, and ion acceleration in a large volume-to-surface ratio channel with performance comparable with the state-of-the-art annular Hall thrusters. These characteristics were demonstrated in low and medium power ranges. Optimization of miniaturized cylindrical thrusters led to performance improvements in the 50-200W input power range, including plume narrowing, increased thruster efficiency, reliable discharge initiation, and stable operation. 5. Optimization of Cylindrical Hall Thrusters International Nuclear Information System (INIS) Raitses, Yevgeny; Smirnov, Artem; Granstedt, Erik; Fi, Nathaniel J. 2007-01-01 The cylindrical Hall thruster features high ionization efficiency, quiet operation, and ion acceleration in a large volume-to-surface ratio channel with performance comparable with the state-of-the-art annular Hall thrusters. These characteristics were demonstrated in low and medium power ranges. Optimization of miniaturized cylindrical thrusters led to performance improvements in the 50-200W input power range, including plume narrowing, increased thruster efficiency, reliable discharge initiation, and stable operation 6. Not your grandfather's concert hall Science.gov (United States) Cooper, Russell; Malenka, Richard; Griffith, Charles; Friedlander, Steven 2004-05-01 The opening of Judy and Arthur Zankel Hall on 12 September 2003, restores Andrew Carnegie's original 1891 concept of having three outstanding auditoriums of different sizes under one roof, and creates a 21st-century venue for music performance and education. With concerts ranging from early music to avant-garde multimedia productions, from jazz to world music, and from solo recitals to chamber music, Zankel Hall expands the breadth and depth of Carnegie Hall's offerings. It allows for the integration of programming across three halls with minifestivals tailored both to the size and strengths of each hall and to the artists and music to be performed. The new flexible space also provides Carnegie Hall with an education center equipped with advanced communications technology. This paper discusses the unique program planned for this facility and how the architects, theatre consultants, and acousticians developed a design that fulfilled the client's expectations and coordinated the construction of the facility under the floor of the main Isaac Stern Auditorium without having to cancel a single performance. 7. Modular invariance, universality and crossover in the quantum Hall effect International Nuclear Information System (INIS) Dolan, Brian P. 1999-01-01 An analytic form for the conductivity tensor in crossover between two quantum Hall plateaux is derived, which appears to be in good agreement with existing experimental data. The derivation relies on an assumed symmetry between quantum Hall states, a generalisation of the law of corresponding states from rational filling factors to complex conductivity, which has a mathematical expression in terms of an action of the modular group on the upper-half complex conductivity plane. This symmetry implies universality in quantum Hall crossovers. The assumption that the β-function for the complex conductivity is a complex analytic function, together with some experimental constraints, results in an analytic expression for the crossover, as a function of the external magnetic field 8. Admittance of multiterminal quantum Hall conductors at kilohertz frequencies International Nuclear Information System (INIS) Hernández, C.; Consejo, C.; Chaubet, C.; Degiovanni, P. 2014-01-01 We present an experimental study of the low frequency admittance of quantum Hall conductors in the [100 Hz, 1 MHz] frequency range. We show that the frequency dependence of the admittance of the sample strongly depends on the topology of the contacts connections. Our experimental results are well explained within the Christen and Büttiker approach for finite frequency transport in quantum Hall edge channels taking into account the influence of the coaxial cables capacitance. In the Hall bar geometry, we demonstrate that there exists a configuration in which the cable capacitance does not influence the admittance measurement of the sample. In this case, we measure the electrochemical capacitance of the sample and observe its dependence on the filling factor 9. Admittance of multiterminal quantum Hall conductors at kilohertz frequencies Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB) Hernández, C. [Departamento de Física, Universidad Militar Nueva Granada, Carrera 11 101-80 Bogotá D.C. (Colombia); Consejo, C.; Chaubet, C., E-mail: christophe.chaubet@univ-montp2.fr [Université Montpellier 2, Laboratoire Charles Coulomb UMR5221, F-34095 Montpellier, France and CNRS, Laboratoire Charles Coulomb UMR5221, F-34095 Montpellier (France); Degiovanni, P. [Université de Lyon, Fédération de Physique Andrée Marie Ampère, CNRS, Laboratoire de Physique de l' Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, 46 allée d' Italie, 69364 Lyon Cedex 07 (France) 2014-03-28 We present an experimental study of the low frequency admittance of quantum Hall conductors in the [100 Hz, 1 MHz] frequency range. We show that the frequency dependence of the admittance of the sample strongly depends on the topology of the contacts connections. Our experimental results are well explained within the Christen and Büttiker approach for finite frequency transport in quantum Hall edge channels taking into account the influence of the coaxial cables capacitance. In the Hall bar geometry, we demonstrate that there exists a configuration in which the cable capacitance does not influence the admittance measurement of the sample. In this case, we measure the electrochemical capacitance of the sample and observe its dependence on the filling factor. 10. Iodine Hall Thruster Science.gov (United States) Szabo, James 2015-01-01 Iodine enables dramatic mass and cost savings for lunar and Mars cargo missions, including Earth escape and near-Earth space maneuvers. The demonstrated throttling ability of iodine is important for a singular thruster that might be called upon to propel a spacecraft from Earth to Mars or Venus. The ability to throttle efficiently is even more important for missions beyond Mars. In the Phase I project, Busek Company, Inc., tested an existing Hall thruster, the BHT-8000, on iodine propellant. The thruster was fed by a high-flow iodine feed system and supported by an existing Busek hollow cathode flowing xenon gas. The Phase I propellant feed system was evolved from a previously demonstrated laboratory feed system. Throttling of the thruster between 2 and 11 kW at 200 to 600 V was demonstrated. Testing showed that the efficiency of iodine fueled BHT-8000 is the same as with xenon, with iodine delivering a slightly higher thrust-to-power (T/P) ratio. In Phase II, a complete iodine-fueled system was developed, including the thruster, hollow cathode, and iodine propellant feed system. The nominal power of the Phase II system is 8 kW; however, it can be deeply throttled as well as clustered to much higher power levels. The technology also can be scaled to greater than 100 kW per thruster to support megawatt-class missions. The target thruster efficiency for the full-scale system is 65 percent at high specific impulse (Isp) (approximately 3,000 s) and 60 percent at high thrust (Isp approximately 2,000 s). 11. L3 English acquisition in Denmark and Greenland DEFF Research Database (Denmark) Spellerberg, Stine Marie 2011-01-01 This paper presents findings of gender-related tendencies found in a study of factors influential in third language acquisition of English in Denmark and Greenland. A survey consisting of a questionnaire and an English test was carried out amongst pupils in their last year of compulsory schooling...... in Copenhagen, Denmark, and Nuuk, Greenland. In total, responses from 187 pupils were included, some of which were responses from pupils learning English as a second language; these respondents were included for comparisons (Copenhagen: L2 learners N =59, L3 learners N=32; Nuuk: L3 learners N=96; age: 14......' degree of English classroom anxiety. The results differentiate the view that L3 learners as a group do less well in English than L2 learner peers, warranting further research into gender-related tendencies and extra focus on the English acquisition of L3 learner boys in particular in the Danish context.... 12. IceBridge DMS L3 Photogrammetric DEM Data.gov (United States) National Aeronautics and Space Administration — The IceBridge DMS L3 Photogrammetric DEM (IODMS3) data set contains gridded digital elevation models and orthorectified images of Greenland derived from the Digital... 13. Curcumin analog L3 alleviates diabetic atherosclerosis by multiple effects. Science.gov (United States) Zheng, Bin; Yang, Liu; Wen, Caixia; Huang, Xiuwang; Xu, Chenxia; Lee, Kuan-Han; Xu, Jianhua 2016-03-15 L3, an analog of curcumin, is a compound isolated from a traditional Chinese medicine Turmeric. In this paper, we aims to explore the efficacy of L3 on diabetic atherosclerosis and the related mechanism. The effect of L3 was studied on glucose and lipid metabolism, antioxidant status, atherosclerosis-related indexes and pathological changes of main organs in the mice model of diabetes induced by streptozotocin and high-fat diet. The results showed that L3 treatment could meliorate dyslipidemia and hyperglycemia, reduce oxidative stress, enhance the activity of antioxidases, increase the nitric oxide level in plasma and aortic arch, decrease the production of reactive oxygen species in pancreas and lectin-like oxidized low-density lipoprotein receptor-1 expression in aortic arch, and meliorate the fatty and atherosclerotic degeneration in aortic arch, thereby preventing the development of diabetes and its complications. These results suggested that L3 can alleviate the diabetic atherosclerosis by multiple effects. This study provided scientific basis for the further research and clinical application of L3. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. 14. Composite fermions a unified view of the quantum Hall regime CERN Document Server 1998-01-01 One of the most exciting recent developments to have emerged from the quantum Hall effect is the subject of composite fermions. This important volume gives a self-contained, comprehensive description of the subject, including fundamentals, more advanced theoretical work, and results from experimental observations of composite fermions. 15. ac spin-Hall effect International Nuclear Information System (INIS) Entin-Wohlman, O. 2005-01-01 Full Text:The spin-Hall effect is described. The Rashba and Dresselhaus spin-orbit interactions are both shown to yield the low temperature spin-Hall effect for strongly localized electrons coupled to phonons. A frequency-dependent electric field E(ω) generates a spin-polarization current, normal to E, due to interference of hopping paths. At zero temperature the corresponding spin-Hall conductivity is real and is proportional to ω 2 . At non-zero temperatures the coupling to the phonons yields an imaginary term proportional to ω. The interference also yields persistent spin currents at thermal equilibrium, at E = 0. The contributions from the Dresselhaus and Rashba interactions to the interference oppose each other 16. Spin-Hall nano-oscillator: A micromagnetic study Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB) Giordano, A.; Azzerboni, B.; Finocchio, G. [Department of Electronic Engineering, Industrial Chemistry and Engineering, University of Messina, C.da di Dio, I-98166 Messina (Italy); Carpentieri, M. [Department of Electrical and Information Engineering, Politecnico of Bari, via E. Orabona 4, I-70125 Bari (Italy); Laudani, A. [Department of Engineering, University of Roma Tre, via V. Volterra 62, I-00146 Roma (Italy); Gubbiotti, G. [Istituto Officina dei Materiali del CNR (CNR-IOM), Unità di Perugia c/o Dipartimento di Fisica e Geologia, Via A. Pascoli, 06123 Perugia (Italy) 2014-07-28 This Letter studies the dynamical behavior of spin-Hall nanoscillators from a micromagnetic point of view. The model parameters have been identified by reproducing recent experimental data quantitatively. Our results indicate that a strongly localized mode is observed for in-plane bias fields such as in the experiments, while predict the excitation of an asymmetric propagating mode for large enough out-of plane bias field similarly to what observed in spin-torque nanocontact oscillators. Our findings show that spin-Hall nanoscillators can find application as spin-wave emitters for magnonic applications where spin waves are used for transmission and processing information on nanoscale. 17. Hall measurements and grain-size effects in polycrystalline silicon International Nuclear Information System (INIS) Ghosh, A.K.; Rose, A.; Maruska, H.P.; Eustace, D.J.; Feng, T. 1980-01-01 The effects of grain size on Hall measurements in polycrystalline silicon are analyzed and interpreted, with some modifications, using the model proposed by Bube. This modified model predicts that the measured effective Hall voltage is composed of components originating from the bulk and space-charge regions. For materials with large grain sizes, the carrier concentration is independent of the intergrain boundary barrier, whereas the mobility is dependent on it. However, for small grains, both the carrier density and mobility depend on the barrier. These predictions are consistent with experimental results of mm-size Wacker and μm-size neutron-transmutation-doped polycrystalline silicon 18. Effect of Anode Dielectric Coating on Hall Thruster Operation International Nuclear Information System (INIS) Dorf, L.; Raitses, Y.; Fisch, N.J.; Semenov, V. 2003-01-01 An interesting phenomenon observed in the near-anode region of a Hall thruster is that the anode fall changes from positive to negative upon removal of the dielectric coating, which is produced on the anode surface during the normal course of Hall thruster operation. The anode fall might affect the thruster lifetime and acceleration efficiency. The effect of the anode coating on the anode fall is studied experimentally using both biased and emissive probes. Measurements of discharge current oscillations indicate that thruster operation is more stable with the coated anode 19. Magnetoresistance and Hall resistivity of semimetal WTe2 ultrathin flakes. Science.gov (United States) Luo, Xin; Fang, Chi; Wan, Caihua; Cai, Jialin; Liu, Yong; Han, Xiufeng; Lu, Zhihong; Shi, Wenhua; Xiong, Rui; Zeng, Zhongming 2017-04-07 This article reports the characterization of WTe 2 thin flake magnetoresistance and Hall resistivity. We found it does not exhibit magnetoresistance saturation when subject to high fields, in a manner similar to their bulk characteristics. The linearity of Hall resistivity in our devices confirms the compensation of electrons and holes. By relating experimental results to a classic two-band model, the lower magnetoresistance values in our samples is demonstrated to be caused by decreased carrier mobility. The dependence of mobility on temperature indicates the main role of optical phonon scattering at high temperatures. Our results provide more detailed information on carrier behavior and scattering mechanisms in WTe 2 thin films. 20. Analysis of Multi Muon Events in the L3 Detector CERN Document Server Schmitt, Volker 2000-01-01 The muon density distribution in air showers initiated by osmi parti les is sensitive to the hemi al omposition of osmi rays. The density an be measured via the multipli ity distribution in a nite size dete tor, as it is L3. With a shallow depth of 30 meters under ground, the dete tor provides an ex ellent fa ility to measure a high muon rate, but being shielded from the hadroni and ele troni shower omponent. Subje t of this thesis is the des ription of the L3 Cosmi s experiment (L3+C), whi h is taking data sin e May 1999 and the analysis of muon bundles in the large magneti spe trometer of L3. The new osmi trigger and readout system is brie y des ribed. The in uen e of dierent primaries on the multipli ity distribution has been investigated using Monte Carlo event samples, generated with the CORSIKA program. The simulation results showed that L3+C measures in the region of the \\knee" of the primary spe trum of osmi rays. A new pattern re ognition has been developed and added to the re onstru tion ode, whi h ... 1. Carl Gustav Jung and Granville Stanley Hall on Religious Experience. Science.gov (United States) Kim, Chae Young 2016-08-01 Granville Stanley Hall (1844-1924) with William James (1842-1910) is the key founder of psychology of religion movement and the first American experimental or genetic psychologist, and Carl Gustav Jung (1875-1961) is the founder of the analytical psychology concerned sympathetically about the religious dimension rooted in the human subject. Their fundamental works are mutually connected. Among other things, both Hall and Jung were deeply interested in how the study of religious experience is indispensable for the depth understanding of human subject. Nevertheless, except for the slight indication, this common interest between them has not yet been examined in academic research paper. So this paper aims to articulate preliminary evidence of affinities focusing on the locus and its function of the inner deep psychic dimension as the religious in the work of Hall and Jung. 2. Crossover between spin swapping and Hall effect in disordered systems KAUST Repository Saidaoui, Hamed Ben Mohamed 2015-07-16 We theoretically study the crossover between spin Hall effect and spin swapping, a recently predicted phenomenon that consists of the interchange between the current flow and its spin polarization directions [M. B. Lifshits and M. I. Dyakonov, Phys. Rev. Lett. 103, 186601 (2009)]. Using a tight-binding model with spin-orbit coupled disorder, spin Hall effect, spin relaxation, and spin swapping are treated on equal footing. We demonstrate that spin swapping and spin Hall effect present very different dependencies as a function of the spin-orbit coupling and disorder strengths and confirm that the former exceeds the latter in the parameter range considered. Three setups are proposed for the experimental observation of the spin swapping effect. 3. The quantum Hall effect in quantum dot systems International Nuclear Information System (INIS) Beltukov, Y M; Greshnov, A A 2014-01-01 It is proposed to use quantum dots in order to increase the temperatures suitable for observation of the integer quantum Hall effect. A simple estimation using Fock-Darwin spectrum of a quantum dot shows that good part of carriers localized in quantum dots generate the intervals of plateaus robust against elevated temperatures. Numerical calculations employing local trigonometric basis and highly efficient kernel polynomial method adopted for computing the Hall conductivity reveal that quantum dots may enhance peak temperature for the effect by an order of magnitude, possibly above 77 K. Requirements to potentials, quality and arrangement of the quantum dots essential for practical realization of such enhancement are indicated. Comparison of our theoretical results with the quantum Hall measurements in InAs quantum dot systems from two experimental groups is also given 4. Crossover between spin swapping and Hall effect in disordered systems KAUST Repository Saidaoui, Hamed Ben Mohamed; Otani, Y.; Manchon, Aurelien 2015-01-01 We theoretically study the crossover between spin Hall effect and spin swapping, a recently predicted phenomenon that consists of the interchange between the current flow and its spin polarization directions [M. B. Lifshits and M. I. Dyakonov, Phys. Rev. Lett. 103, 186601 (2009)]. Using a tight-binding model with spin-orbit coupled disorder, spin Hall effect, spin relaxation, and spin swapping are treated on equal footing. We demonstrate that spin swapping and spin Hall effect present very different dependencies as a function of the spin-orbit coupling and disorder strengths and confirm that the former exceeds the latter in the parameter range considered. Three setups are proposed for the experimental observation of the spin swapping effect. 5. Search on charginos and neutralinos with the L3 detector at LEP; Recherche de charginos et de neutralinos avec le detecteur L3 au LEP Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB) Chereau, Xavier [Laboratoire dAnnecy-le-vieux de physique des particules, Grenoble-1 Univ., 74 Annecy (France) 1998-04-30 This work presents an experimental search for supersymmetric particles, the charginos and the neutralinos, at center of mass energies {radical} 161, 172 and 183 GeV, with the L3 detector at the e{sup +}e{sup -} collider LEP. Assuming R-parity conservation, SUSY events have a large missing energy, carried by the lightest supersymmetric particle (LSP), which allow us to distinguish them from standard events. Then, for all the studied final states and all the energies, we optimized the selections in order to have the best signal-to-noise ratio. No excess of events were observed with respect to the standard model predictions. We set upper limits on the chargino and neutralino production cross sections. In the frame of the constraint MSSM, these results were combined with the results from the L3 slepton analyses to set lower limits on the chargino and neutralino masses: particularly, we exclude a neutralino {chi}{sub 1}{sup 0} bar lighter than 25.9 GeV/c{sup 2} (95% C.L.). This result plays an important role for the interpretation of the dark matter in universe. The search for events with missing energy needs a detector with a good hermeticity. At the end of 1995, a new electromagnetic calorimeter was installed in the L3 experiment. Here we present the improvements of performances and the calibration of this detector composed of 48 bricks made with lead and scintillating fibers (SPACAL) 71 refs., 104 figs., 21 tabs. 6. ATLAS Assembly Hall Open Day CERN Multimedia Patrice Loiez 2004-01-01 To mark the 50th Anniversary of the founding of CERN, a day of tours, displays and presentations was held in October 2004. The assembly halls for the experiments that were waiting to be installed on the LHC, such as ATLAS shown here, were transformed into display areas and cafés. 7. Universal intrinsic spin Hall effect Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database Sinova, J.; Culcer, D.; Sinitsyn, N. A.; Niu, Q.; Jungwirth, Tomáš; MacDonald, A. H. 2004-01-01 Roč. 92, č. 12 (2004), 126603/1-126603/4 ISSN 0031-9007 R&D Projects: GA ČR GA202/02/0912 Institutional research plan: CEZ:AV0Z1010914 Keywords : semiconductor quantum wells * spin-orbit interaction * spin Hall effect Subject RIV: BM - Solid Matter Physics ; Magnetism Impact factor: 7.218, year: 2004 8. Spin Hall effect for anyons International Nuclear Information System (INIS) Dhar, S.; Basu, B.; Ghosh, Subir 2007-01-01 We explain the intrinsic spin Hall effect from generic anyon dynamics in the presence of external electromagnetic field. The free anyon is represented as a spinning particle with an underlying non-commutative configuration space. The Berry curvature plays a major role in the analysis 9. The Other Hall Effect: College Board Physics Science.gov (United States) Sheppard, Keith; Gunning, Amanda M. 2013-01-01 Edwin Herbert Hall (1855-1938), discoverer of the Hall effect, was one of the first winners of the AAPT Oersted Medal for his contributions to the teaching of physics. While Hall's role in establishing laboratory work in high schools is widely acknowledged, his position as chair of the physics section of the Committee on College Entrance… 10. The muon filter of the L3 detector International Nuclear Information System (INIS) Adriani, O.; Bocciolini, M.; Cartacci, A.M.; Civinini, C.; D'Alessandro, R.; Gallo, E.; Landi, G.; Marchionni, A.; Meschini, M.; Monteleoni, B.; Pieri, M.; Spillantini, P.; Wang, Y.F.; Florence Univ. 1991-01-01 In this article we describe the outer part (Muon Filter) of the Hadron Calorimeter of the L3 detector. Construction and performance of the brass chambers, which form the sensitive part of the detector, are reviewed. We also report the results from data taken on two beam tests, at CERN. (orig.) 11. Bilingual Education and L3 Learning: Metalinguistic Advantage or Not? Science.gov (United States) Rutgers, Dieuwerke; Evans, Michael 2017-01-01 Metalinguistic skills are highlighted in the literature as providing bilinguals with an advantage in additional language (L3) learning. The extent to which this may apply to bilingual education and content-and-language-integrated-learning settings, however, is as yet little understood. This article reports on a study exploring and comparing the… 12. Dismantling the silicon microstrip detector on L3 CERN Multimedia Laurent Guiraud 2001-01-01 The silicon microstrip detector is located at the heart of the detector and must be kept cool to prevent thermal noise. The work shown here is the removal of the cooling system. L3 was dismantled as part of the closure of the entire LEP accelerator in 2000 to make way for the new LHC. 13. Transit-time instability in Hall thrusters International Nuclear Information System (INIS) Barral, Serge; Makowski, Karol; Peradzynski, Zbigniew; Dudeck, Michel 2005-01-01 Longitudinal waves characterized by a phase velocity of the order of the velocity of ions have been recurrently observed in Hall thruster experiments and simulations. The origin of this so-called ion transit-time instability is investigated with a simple one-dimensional fluid model of a Hall thruster discharge in which cold ions are accelerated between two electrodes within a quasineutral plasma. A short-wave asymptotics applied to linearized equations shows that plasma perturbations in such a device consist of quasineutral ion acoustic waves superimposed on a background standing wave generated by discharge current oscillations. Under adequate circumstances and, in particular, at high ionization levels, acoustic waves are amplified as they propagate, inducing strong perturbation of the ion density and velocity. Responding to the subsequent perturbation of the column resistivity, the discharge current generates a standing wave, the reflection of which sustains the generation of acoustic waves at the inlet boundary. A calculation of the frequency and growth rate of this resonance mechanism for a supersonic ion flow is proposed, which illustrates the influence of the ionization degree on their onset and the approximate scaling of the frequency with the ion transit time. Consistent with experimental reports, the traveling wave can be observed on plasma density and velocity perturbations, while the plasma potential ostensibly oscillates in phase along the discharge 14. Hypernuclear Spectroscopy at JLab Hall C International Nuclear Information System (INIS) Hashimoto, Osamu; Chiba, Atsushi; Doi, Daisuke; Fujii, Yu; Toshiyuki, Gogami; Kanda, Hiroki; Kaneta, M.; Kawama, Daisuke; Maeda, Kazushige; Maruta, Tomofumi; Matsumura, Akihiko; Nagao, Sho; Nakamura, Satoshi; Shichijo, Ayako; Tamura, Hirokazu; Taniya, Naotaka; Yamamoto, Taku; Yokota, Kosuke; Kato, S.; Sato, Yoshinori; Takahashi, Toshiyuki; Noumi, Hiroyuki; Motoba, T.; Hiyama, E.; Albayrak, Ibrahim; Ates, Ozgur; Chen, Chunhua; Christy, Michael; Keppel, Cynthia; Kohl, Karl; Li, Ya; Liyanage, Anusha Habarakada; Tang, Liguang; Walton, T.; Ye, Zhihong; Yuan, Lulin; Zhu, Lingyan; Baturin, Pavlo; Boeglin, Werner; Dhamija, Seema; Markowitz, Pete; Raue, Brian; Reinhold, Joerg; Hungerford, Ed; Ent, Rolf; Fenker, Howard; Gaskell, David; Horn, Tanja; Jones, Mark; Smith, Gregory; Vulcan, William; Wood, Stephen; Johnston, C.; Simicevic, Neven; Wells, Stephen; Samanta, Chhanda; Hu, Bitao; Shen, Ji; Wang, W.; Zhang, Xiaozhuo; Zhang, Yi; Feng, Jing; Fu, Y.; Zhou, Jian; Zhou, S.; Jiang, Yi; Lu, H.; Yan, Xinhu; Ye, Yunxiu; Gan, Liping; Ahmidouch, Abdellah; Danagoulian, Samuel; Gasparian, Ashot; Elaasar, Mostafa; Wesselmann, Frank; Asaturyan, Arshak; Margaryan, Amur; Mkrtchyan, Arthur; Mkrtchyan, Hamlet; Tadevosyan, Vardan; Androic, Darko; Furic, Miroslav; Petkovic, Tomislav; Seva, Tomislav; Niculescu, Gabriel; Niculescu, Maria-Ioana; Rodriguez, Victor; Cisbani, Evaristo; Cusanno, Francesco; Garibaldi, Franco; Urciuoli, Guido; De Leo, Raffaele; Maronne, S.; Achenbach, Carsten; Pochodzalla, J. 2010-01-01 Since the 1st generation experiment, E89-009, which was successfully carried out as a pilot experiment of (e,e(prime)K + ) hypernuclear spectroscopy at JLab Hall C in 2000, precision hypernuclear spectroscopy by the (e,e(prime)K + ) reactions made considerable progress. It has evolved to the 2nd generation experiment, E01-011, in which a newly constructed high resolution kaon spectrometer (HKS) was installed and the 'Tilt method' was adopted in order to suppress large electromagnetic background and to run with high luminosity. Preliminary high-resolution spectra of 7 ΛHe and 28 ΛAl together with that of 12 ΛB that achieved resolution better than 500 keV(FWHM) were obtained. The third generation experiment, E05-115, has completed data taking with an experimental setup combining a new splitter magnet, high resolution electron spectrometer (HES) and the HKS used in the 2nd generation experiment. The data were accumulated with targets of 7 Li, 9 Be, 10 B, 12 C and 52 Cr as well as with those of CH 2 and H 2 O for calibration. The analysis is under way with particular emphasis of determining precision absolute hypernuclear masses. In this article, hypernuclear spectroscopy program in the wide mass range at JLab Hall C that has undergone three generation is described. 15. Observation of the fractional quantum Hall effect in graphene. Science.gov (United States) Bolotin, Kirill I; Ghahari, Fereshte; Shulman, Michael D; Stormer, Horst L; Kim, Philip 2009-11-12 When electrons are confined in two dimensions and subject to strong magnetic fields, the Coulomb interactions between them can become very strong, leading to the formation of correlated states of matter, such as the fractional quantum Hall liquid. In this strong quantum regime, electrons and magnetic flux quanta bind to form complex composite quasiparticles with fractional electronic charge; these are manifest in transport measurements of the Hall conductivity as rational fractions of the elementary conductance quantum. The experimental discovery of an anomalous integer quantum Hall effect in graphene has enabled the study of a correlated two-dimensional electronic system, in which the interacting electrons behave like massless chiral fermions. However, owing to the prevailing disorder, graphene has so far exhibited only weak signatures of correlated electron phenomena, despite intense experimental and theoretical efforts. Here we report the observation of the fractional quantum Hall effect in ultraclean, suspended graphene. In addition, we show that at low carrier density graphene becomes an insulator with a magnetic-field-tunable energy gap. These newly discovered quantum states offer the opportunity to study correlated Dirac fermions in graphene in the presence of large magnetic fields. 16. Anomalous Hall effect scaling in ferromagnetic thin films KAUST Repository Grigoryan, Vahram L. 2017-10-23 We propose a scaling law for anomalous Hall effect in ferromagnetic thin films. Our approach distinguishes multiple scattering sources, namely, bulk impurity, phonon for Hall resistivity, and most importantly the rough surface contribution to longitudinal resistivity. In stark contrast to earlier laws that rely on temperature- and thickness-dependent fitting coefficients, this scaling law fits the recent experimental data excellently with constant parameters that are independent of temperature and film thickness, strongly indicating that this law captures the underlying physical processes. Based on a few data points, this scaling law can even fit all experimental data in full temperature and thickness range. We apply this law to interpret the experimental data for Fe, Co, and Ni and conclude that (i) the phonon-induced skew scattering is unimportant as expected; (ii) contribution from the impurity-induced skew scattering is negative; (iii) the intrinsic (extrinsic) mechanism dominates in Fe (Co), and both the extrinsic and intrinsic contributions are important in Ni. 17. Anomalous Hall effect scaling in ferromagnetic thin films KAUST Repository Grigoryan, Vahram L.; Xiao, Jiang; Wang, Xuhui; Xia, Ke 2017-01-01 We propose a scaling law for anomalous Hall effect in ferromagnetic thin films. Our approach distinguishes multiple scattering sources, namely, bulk impurity, phonon for Hall resistivity, and most importantly the rough surface contribution to longitudinal resistivity. In stark contrast to earlier laws that rely on temperature- and thickness-dependent fitting coefficients, this scaling law fits the recent experimental data excellently with constant parameters that are independent of temperature and film thickness, strongly indicating that this law captures the underlying physical processes. Based on a few data points, this scaling law can even fit all experimental data in full temperature and thickness range. We apply this law to interpret the experimental data for Fe, Co, and Ni and conclude that (i) the phonon-induced skew scattering is unimportant as expected; (ii) contribution from the impurity-induced skew scattering is negative; (iii) the intrinsic (extrinsic) mechanism dominates in Fe (Co), and both the extrinsic and intrinsic contributions are important in Ni. 18. Mutations in the bacterial ribosomal protein l3 and their association with antibiotic resistance DEFF Research Database (Denmark) Klitgaard, Rasmus N; Ntokou, Eleni; Nørgaard, Katrine 2015-01-01 -type genes with mutated L3 genes in a chromosomal L3 deletion strain. In this way, the essential L3 gene is available for the bacteria while allowing replacement of the wild type with mutated L3 genes. This enables investigation of the effect of single mutations in Escherichia coli without a wild-type L3... 19. Hall effect in noncommutative coordinates International Nuclear Information System (INIS) Dayi, Oemer F.; Jellal, Ahmed 2002-01-01 We consider electrons in uniform external magnetic and electric fields which move on a plane whose coordinates are noncommuting. Spectrum and eigenfunctions of the related Hamiltonian are obtained. We derive the electric current whose expectation value gives the Hall effect in terms of an effective magnetic field. We present a receipt to find the action which can be utilized in path integrals for noncommuting coordinates. In terms of this action we calculate the related Aharonov-Bohm phase and show that it also yields the same effective magnetic field. When magnetic field is strong enough this phase becomes independent of magnetic field. Measurement of it may give some hints on spatial noncommutativity. The noncommutativity parameter θ can be tuned such that electrons moving in noncommutative coordinates are interpreted as either leading to the fractional quantum Hall effect or composite fermions in the usual coordinates 20. Revising the worksheet with L3: a language and environment foruser-script interaction Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB) Hohn, Michael H. 2008-01-22 This paper describes a novel approach to the parameter anddata handling issues commonly found in experimental scientific computingand scripting in general. The approach is based on the familiarcombination of scripting language and user interface, but using alanguage expressly designed for user interaction and convenience. The L3language combines programming facilities of procedural and functionallanguages with the persistence and need-based evaluation of data flowlanguages. It is implemented in Python, has access to all Pythonlibraries, and retains almost complete source code compatibility to allowsimple movement of code between the languages. The worksheet interfaceuses metadata produced by L3 to provide selection of values through thescriptit self and allow users to dynamically evolve scripts withoutre-running the prior versions. Scripts can be edited via text editors ormanipulated as structures on a drawing canvas. Computed values are validscripts and can be used further in other scripts via simplecopy-and-paste operations. The implementation is freely available underan open-source license. 1. Local structural disorder in REFeAsO oxypnictides by RE L3 edge XANES International Nuclear Information System (INIS) Xu, W; Chu, W S; Wu, Z Y; Marcelli, A; Di Gioacchino, D; Joseph, B; Iadecola, A; Bianconi, A; Saini, N L 2010-01-01 The REFeAsO (RE = La, Pr, Nd and Sm) system has been studied by RE L 3 x-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES) spectroscopy to explore the contribution of the REO spacers between the electronically active FeAs slabs in these materials. The XANES spectra have been simulated by full multiple scattering calculations to describe the different experimental features and their evolution with the RE size. The near edge feature just above the L 3 white line is found to be sensitive to the ordering/disordering of oxygen atoms in the REO layers. In addition, shape resonance peaks due to As and O scattering change systematically, indicating local structural changes in the FeAs slabs and the REO spacers due to RE size. The results suggest that interlayer coupling and oxygen order/disorder in the REO spacers may have an important role in the superconductivity and itinerant magnetism of the oxypnictides. 2. Scanning vector Hall probe microscope Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database Fedor, J.; Cambel, V.; Gregušová, D.; Hanzelka, Pavel; Dérer, J.; Volko, J. 2003-01-01 Roč. 74, č. 12 (2003), s. 5105 - 5110 ISSN 0034-6748 Institutional research plan: CEZ:AV0Z2065902 Keywords : VHPM * Hall sensor * Helium cryostat Subject RIV: JB - Sensors, Measurment, Regulation Impact factor: 1.343, year: 2003 http://web. ebscohost .com/ehost/pdf?vid=8&hid=115&sid=a7c0555a-21f4-4932-b1c6-a308ac4dd50b%40sessionmgr2 3. Numerical investigation of a Hall thruster plasma International Nuclear Information System (INIS) Roy, Subrata; Pandey, B.P. 2002-01-01 The dynamics of the Hall thruster is investigated numerically in the framework of a one-dimensional, multifluid macroscopic description of a partially ionized xenon plasma using finite element formulation. The model includes neutral dynamics, inelastic processes, and plasma-wall interaction. Owing to disparate temporal scales, ions and neutrals have been described by set of time-dependent equations, while electrons are considered in steady state. Based on the experimental observations, a third order polynomial in electron temperature is used to calculate ionization rate. The results show that in the acceleration channel the increase in the ion number density is related to the decrease in the neutral number density. The electron and ion velocity profiles are consistent with the imposed electric field. The electron temperature remains uniform for nearly two-thirds of the channel; then sharply increases to a peak before dropping slightly at the exit. This is consistent with the predicted electron gyration velocity distribution 4. Determination of the Hall Thruster Operating Regimes International Nuclear Information System (INIS) L. Dorf; V. Semenov; Y. Raitses; N.J. Fisch 2002-04-01 A quasi one-dimensional (1-D) steady-state model of the Hall thruster is presented. For the same discharge voltage two operating regimes are possible -- with and without the anode sheath. For given mass flow rate, magnetic field profile and discharge voltage a unique solution can be constructed, assuming that the thruster operates in one of the regimes. However, we show that for a given temperature profile the applied discharge voltage uniquely determines the operating regime: for discharge voltages greater than a certain value, the sheath disappears. That result is obtained over a wide range of incoming neutral velocities, channel lengths and widths, and cathode plane locations. It is also shown that a good correlation between the quasi 1-D model and experimental results can be achieved by selecting an appropriate electron mobility and temperature profile 5. Spin Hall magnetoresistance at high temperatures International Nuclear Information System (INIS) Uchida, Ken-ichi; Qiu, Zhiyong; Kikkawa, Takashi; Iguchi, Ryo; Saitoh, Eiji 2015-01-01 The temperature dependence of spin Hall magnetoresistance (SMR) in Pt/Y 3 Fe 5 O 12 (YIG) bilayer films has been investigated in a high temperature range from room temperature to near the Curie temperature of YIG. The experimental results show that the magnitude of the magnetoresistance ratio induced by the SMR monotonically decreases with increasing the temperature and almost disappears near the Curie temperature. We found that, near the Curie temperature, the temperature dependence of the SMR in the Pt/YIG film is steeper than that of a magnetization curve of the YIG; the critical exponent of the magnetoresistance ratio is estimated to be 0.9. This critical behavior of the SMR is attributed mainly to the temperature dependence of the spin-mixing conductance at the Pt/YIG interface 6. 6 February 2012 - Supreme Audit Institutions from Norway, Poland, Spain and Switzerland visiting the LHC tunnel at Point 5, CMS underground experimental area, CERN Control Centre and LHC superconducting magnet test hall. Delegations are throughout accompanied by Swiss P. Jenni, Polish T. Kurtyka, Spanish J. Salicio, Norwegian S. Stapnes and International Relations Adviser R. Voss. (Riksrevisjonen, Oslo; Tribunal de Cuentas , Madrid; the Court of Audit of Switzerland and Najwyzsza Izba Kontroli, Varsaw) CERN Multimedia Jean-Claude Gadmer 2012-01-01 6 February 2012 - Supreme Audit Institutions from Norway, Poland, Spain and Switzerland visiting the LHC tunnel at Point 5, CMS underground experimental area, CERN Control Centre and LHC superconducting magnet test hall. Delegations are throughout accompanied by Swiss P. Jenni, Polish T. Kurtyka, Spanish J. Salicio, Norwegian S. Stapnes and International Relations Adviser R. Voss. (Riksrevisjonen, Oslo; Tribunal de Cuentas , Madrid; the Court of Audit of Switzerland and Najwyzsza Izba Kontroli, Varsaw) 7. Conceptual design report, CEBAF basic experimental equipment Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB) NONE 1990-04-13 The Continuous Electron Beam Accelerator Facility (CEBAF) will be dedicated to basic research in Nuclear Physics using electrons and photons as projectiles. The accelerator configuration allows three nearly continuous beams to be delivered simultaneously in three experimental halls, which will be equipped with complementary sets of instruments: Hall A--two high resolution magnetic spectrometers; Hall B--a large acceptance magnetic spectrometer; Hall C--a high-momentum, moderate resolution, magnetic spectrometer and a variety of more dedicated instruments. This report contains a short description of the initial complement of experimental equipment to be installed in each of the three halls. 8. L'effet Hall Quantique Science.gov (United States) Samson, Thomas Nous proposons une methode permettant d'obtenir une expression pour la conductivite de Hall de structures electroniques bidimensionnelles et nous examinons celle -ci a la limite d'une temperature nulle dans le but de verifier l'effet Hall quantique. Nous allons nous interesser essentiellement a l'effet Hall quantique entier et aux effets fractionnaires inferieurs a un. Le systeme considere est forme d'un gaz d'electrons en interaction faible avec les impuretes de l'echantillon. Le modele du gaz d'electrons consiste en un gaz bidimensionnel d'electrons sans spin expose perpendiculairement a un champ magnetique uniforme. Ce dernier est decrit par le potentiel vecteur vec{rm A} defini dans la jauge de Dingle ou jauge symetrique. Conformement au formalisme de la seconde quantification, l'hamiltonien de ce gaz est represente dans la base des etats a un-corps de Dingle |n,m> et exprime ainsi en terme des operateurs de creation et d'annihilation correspondants a_sp{ rm n m}{dag} et a _{rm n m}. Nous supposons de plus que les electrons du niveau fondamental de Dingle interagissent entre eux via le potentiel coulombien. La methode utilisee fait appel a une equation mai tresse a N-corps, de nature quantique et statistique, et verifiant le second principe de la thermodynamique. A partir de celle-ci, nous obtenons un systeme d'equations differentielles appele hierarchie d'equations quantique dont la resolution nous permet de determiner une equation a un-corps, dite de Boltzmann quantique, et dictant l'evolution de la moyenne statistique de l'operateur non-diagonal a _sp{rm n m}{dag } a_{rm n}, _{rm m}, sous l'action du champ electrique applique vec{rm E}(t). C'est sa solution Tr(p(t) a _sp{rm n m}{dag} a_{rm n},_ {rm m}), qui definit la relation de convolution entre la densite courant de Hall vec{rm J}_{rm H }(t) et le champ electrique vec {rm E}(t) dont la transformee de Laplace-Fourier du noyau nous fournit l'expression de la conductivite de Hall desiree. Pour une valeur de 9. Quantum spin/valley Hall effect and topological insulator phase transitions in silicene KAUST Repository Tahir, M. 2013-04-26 We present a theoretical realization of quantum spin and quantum valley Hall effects in silicene. We show that combination of an electric field and intrinsic spin-orbit interaction leads to quantum phase transitions at the charge neutrality point. This phase transition from a two dimensional topological insulator to a trivial insulating state is accompanied by a quenching of the quantum spin Hall effect and the onset of a quantum valley Hall effect, providing a tool to experimentally tune the topological state of silicene. In contrast to graphene and other conventional topological insulators, the proposed effects in silicene are accessible to experiments. 10. Quantum spin/valley Hall effect and topological insulator phase transitions in silicene KAUST Repository Tahir, M.; Manchon, Aurelien; Sabeeh, K.; Schwingenschlö gl, Udo 2013-01-01 We present a theoretical realization of quantum spin and quantum valley Hall effects in silicene. We show that combination of an electric field and intrinsic spin-orbit interaction leads to quantum phase transitions at the charge neutrality point. This phase transition from a two dimensional topological insulator to a trivial insulating state is accompanied by a quenching of the quantum spin Hall effect and the onset of a quantum valley Hall effect, providing a tool to experimentally tune the topological state of silicene. In contrast to graphene and other conventional topological insulators, the proposed effects in silicene are accessible to experiments. 11. Main Parameters Characterization of Bulk CMOS Cross-Like Hall Structures Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden) Maria-Alexandra Paun 2016-01-01 Full Text Available A detailed analysis of the cross-like Hall cells integrated in regular bulk CMOS technological process is performed. To this purpose their main parameters have been evaluated. A three-dimensional physical model was employed in order to evaluate the structures. On this occasion, numerical information on the input resistance, Hall voltage, conduction current, and electrical potential distribution has been obtained. Experimental results for the absolute sensitivity, offset, and offset temperature drift have also been provided. A quadratic behavior of the residual offset with the temperature was obtained and the temperature points leading to the minimum offset for the three Hall cells were identified. 12. Interaction Induced Quantum Valley Hall Effect in Graphene Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden) E. C. Marino 2015-03-01 Full Text Available We use pseudo-quantum electrodynamics in order to describe the full electromagnetic interaction of the p electrons in graphene in a consistent 2D formulation. We first consider the effect of this interaction in the vacuum polarization tensor or, equivalently, in the current correlator. This allows us to obtain the T→0 conductivity after a smooth zero-frequency limit is taken in Kubo’s formula. Thereby, we obtain the usual expression for the minimal conductivity plus corrections due to the interaction that bring it closer to the experimental value. We then predict the onset of an interaction-driven spontaneous quantum valley Hall effect below an activation temperature of the order of 2 K. The transverse (Hall valley conductivity is evaluated exactly and shown to coincide with the one in the usual quantum Hall effect. Finally, by considering the effects of pseudo-quantum electrodynamics, we show that the electron self-energy is such that a set of P- and T-symmetric gapped electron energy eigenstates are dynamically generated, in association with the quantum valley Hall effect. 13. Field theory of anyons and the fractional quantum Hall effect International Nuclear Information System (INIS) Viefers, S.F. 1997-11-01 The thesis is devoted to a theoretical study of anyons, i.e. particles with fractional statistics moving in two space dimensions, and the quantum Hall effect. The latter constitutes the only known experimental realization of anyons in that the quasiparticle excitations in the fractional quantum Hall system are believed to obey fractional statistics. First, the properties of ideal quantum gases in two dimensions and in particular the equation of state of the free anyons gas are discussed. Then, a field theory formulation of anyons in a strong magnetic field is presented and later extended to a system with several species of anyons. The relation of this model to fractional exclusion statistics, i.e. intermediate statistics introduced by a generalization of the Pauli principle, and to the low-energy excitations at the edge of the quantum Hall system is discussed. Finally, the Chern-Simons-Landau-Ginzburg theory of the fractional quantum Hall effect is studied, mainly focusing on edge effects; both the ground state and the low-energy edge excitations are examined in the simple one-component model and in an extended model which includes spin effects 14. Single particle detection: Phase control in submicron Hall sensors International Nuclear Information System (INIS) Di Michele, Lorenzo; Shelly, Connor; Gallop, John; Kazakova, Olga 2010-01-01 We present a phase-sensitive ac-dc Hall magnetometry method which allows a clear and reliable separation of real and parasitic magnetic signals of a very small magnitude. High-sensitivity semiconductor-based Hall crosses are generally accepted as a preferential solution for non-invasive detection of superparamagnetic nanobeads used in molecular biology, nanomedicine, and nanochemistry. However, detection of such small beads is often hindered by inductive pick-up and other spurious signals. The present work demonstrates an unambiguous experimental route for detection of small magnetic moments and provides a simple theoretical background for it. The reliability of the method has been tested for a variety of InSb Hall sensors in the range 600 nm-5 μm. Complete characterization of empty devices, involving Hall coefficients and noise measurements, has been performed and detection of a single FePt bead with diameter of 140 nm and magnetic moment of μ≅10 8 μ B has been achieved with a 600 nm-wide sensor. 15. Influence of energy bands on the Hall effect in degenerate semiconductors International Nuclear Information System (INIS) Wu, Chhi-Chong; Tsai, Jensan 1989-01-01 The influence of energy bands on the Hall effect and transverse magnetoresistance has been investigated according to the scattering processes of carriers in degenerate semiconductors such as InSb. Results show that the Hall angle, Hall coefficient, and transverse magnetoresistance depend on the dc magnetic field for both parabolic and nonparabolic band structures of semiconductors and also depend on the scattering processes of carriers in semiconductors due to the energy-dependent relaxation time. From their numerical analysis for the Hall effect, it is shown that the conduction electrons in degenerate semiconductors play a major role for the carrier transport phenomenon. By comparing with experimental data of the transverse magnetoresistance, it shows that the nonparabolic band model is better in agreement with the experimental work than the parabolic band model of semiconductors 16. Spin Hall effect by surface roughness KAUST Repository Zhou, Lingjun 2015-01-08 The spin Hall and its inverse effects, driven by the spin orbit interaction, provide an interconversion mechanism between spin and charge currents. Since the spin Hall effect generates and manipulates spin current electrically, to achieve a large effect is becoming an important topic in both academia and industries. So far, materials with heavy elements carrying a strong spin orbit interaction, provide the only option. We propose here a new mechanism, using the surface roughness in ultrathin films, to enhance the spin Hall effect without heavy elements. Our analysis based on Cu and Al thin films suggests that surface roughness is capable of driving a spin Hall angle that is comparable to that in bulk Au. We also demonstrate that the spin Hall effect induced by surface roughness subscribes only to the side-jump contribution but not the skew scattering. The paradigm proposed in this paper provides the second, not if only, alternative to generate a sizable spin Hall effect. 17. Tunneling Anomalous and Spin Hall Effects. Science.gov (United States) Matos-Abiague, A; Fabian, J 2015-07-31 We predict, theoretically, the existence of the anomalous Hall effect when a tunneling current flows through a tunnel junction in which only one of the electrodes is magnetic. The interfacial spin-orbit coupling present in the barrier region induces a spin-dependent momentum filtering in the directions perpendicular to the tunneling current, resulting in a skew tunneling even in the absence of impurities. This produces an anomalous Hall conductance and spin Hall currents in the nonmagnetic electrode when a bias voltage is applied across the tunneling heterojunction. If the barrier is composed of a noncentrosymmetric material, the anomalous Hall conductance and spin Hall currents become anisotropic with respect to both the magnetization and crystallographic directions, allowing us to separate this interfacial phenomenon from the bulk anomalous and spin Hall contributions. The proposed effect should be useful for proving and quantifying the interfacial spin-orbit fields in metallic and metal-semiconductor systems. 18. Search on charginos and neutralinos with the L3 detector at LEP International Nuclear Information System (INIS) Chereau, Xavier 1998-01-01 This work presents an experimental search for supersymmetric particles, the charginos and the neutralinos, at center of mass energies √ 161, 172 and 183 GeV, with the L3 detector at the e + e - collider LEP. Assuming R-parity conservation, SUSY events have a large missing energy, carried by the lightest supersymmetric particle (LSP), which allow us to distinguish them from standard events. Then, for all the studied final states and all the energies, we optimized the selections in order to have the best signal-to-noise ratio. No excess of events were observed with respect to the standard model predictions. We set upper limits on the chargino and neutralino production cross sections. In the frame of the constraint MSSM, these results were combined with the results from the L3 slepton analyses to set lower limits on the chargino and neutralino masses: particularly, we exclude a neutralino χ 1 0 bar lighter than 25.9 GeV/c 2 (95% C.L.). This result plays an important role for the interpretation of the dark matter in universe. The search for events with missing energy needs a detector with a good hermeticity. At the end of 1995, a new electromagnetic calorimeter was installed in the L3 experiment. Here we present the improvements of performances and the calibration of this detector composed of 48 bricks made with lead and scintillating fibers (SPACAL) 19. Focused ion beam patterned Hall nano-sensors International Nuclear Information System (INIS) Candini, A.; Gazzadi, G.C.; Di Bona, A.; Affronte, M.; Ercolani, D.; Biasiol, G.; Sorba, L. 2007-01-01 By means of focused ion beam milling, we fabricate Hall magnetometers with active areas as small as 100x100nm 2 . The constituent material can either be metallic (Au), semimetallic (Bi) or doped bulk semiconducting (Si doped GaAs). We experimentally show that Au nano-probes can work from room temperature down to liquid helium with magnetic flux sensitivity -1 Φ 0 20. Tunneling between edge states in a quantum spin Hall system. Science.gov (United States) Ström, Anders; Johannesson, Henrik 2009-03-06 We analyze a quantum spin Hall device with a point contact connecting two of its edges. The contact supports a net spin tunneling current that can be probed experimentally via a two-terminal resistance measurement. We find that the low-bias tunneling current and the differential conductance exhibit scaling with voltage and temperature that depend nonlinearly on the strength of the electron-electron interaction. 1. Nanoconstriction spin-Hall oscillator with perpendicular magnetic anisotropy Science.gov (United States) Divinskiy, B.; Demidov, V. E.; Kozhanov, A.; Rinkevich, A. B.; Demokritov, S. O.; Urazhdin, S. 2017-07-01 We experimentally study spin-Hall nano-oscillators based on [Co/Ni] multilayers with perpendicular magnetic anisotropy. We show that these devices exhibit single-frequency auto-oscillations at current densities comparable to those for in-plane magnetized oscillators. The demonstrated oscillators exhibit large magnetization precession amplitudes, and their oscillation frequency is highly tunable by the electric current. These features make them promising for applications in high-speed integrated microwave circuits. 2. Effet Hall quantique, liquides de Luttinger et charges fractionnaires Science.gov (United States) Roche, Patrice; Rodriguez, V.; Glattli, D. Christian We review some basic properties of the Fractional Quantum Hall Effect and particularly address the physics of the edge states. The chiral Luttinger liquid properties of the edges are discussed and probed experimentally using transport measurements. Shot noise measurements, which allow determination of the quasiparticle charge are also discussed. To cite this article: P. Roche et al., C. R. Physique 3 (2002) 717-732. 3. Hydrogen Learning for Local Leaders – H2L3 Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB) Serfass, Patrick [Technology Transition Corporation, Washington, DC (United States) 2017-03-30 The Hydrogen Learning for Local Leaders program, H2L3, elevates the knowledge about hydrogen by local government officials across the United States. The program reaches local leaders directly through “Hydrogen 101” workshops and webinar sessions; the creation and dissemination of a unique report on the hydrogen and fuel cell market in the US, covering 57 different sectors; and support of the Hydrogen Student Design Contest, a competition for interdisciplinary teams of university students to design hydrogen and fuel cell systems based on technology that’s currently commercially available. 4. Characterization of the Quantized Hall Insulator Phase in the Quantum Critical Regime OpenAIRE Song, Juntao; Prodan, Emil 2013-01-01 The conductivity$\\sigma$and resistivity$\\rho$tensors of the disordered Hofstadter model are mapped as functions of Fermi energy$E_F$and temperature$Tin the quantum critical regime of the plateau-insulator transition (PIT). The finite-size errors are eliminated by using the non-commutative Kubo-formula. The results reproduce all the key experimental characteristics of this transition in Integer Quantum Hall (IQHE) systems. In particular, the Quantized Hall Insulator (QHI) phase is det... 5. Anomalous Hall effect in polycrystalline Ni films KAUST Repository Guo, Zaibing 2012-02-01 We systematically studied the anomalous Hall effect in a series of polycrystalline Ni films with thickness ranging from 4 to 200 nm. It is found that both the longitudinal and anomalous Hall resistivity increased greatly as film thickness decreased. This enhancement should be related to the surface scattering. In the ultrathin films (46 nm thick), weak localization corrections to anomalous Hall conductivity were studied. The granular model, taking into account the dominated intergranular tunneling, has been employed to explain this phenomenon, which can explain the weak dependence of anomalous Hall resistivity on longitudinal resistivity as well. © 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. 6. Temperature Gradient in Hall Thrusters International Nuclear Information System (INIS) Staack, D.; Raitses, Y.; Fisch, N.J. 2003-01-01 Plasma potentials and electron temperatures were deduced from emissive and cold floating probe measurements in a 2 kW Hall thruster, operated in the discharge voltage range of 200-400 V. An almost linear dependence of the electron temperature on the plasma potential was observed in the acceleration region of the thruster both inside and outside the thruster. This result calls into question whether secondary electron emission from the ceramic channel walls plays a significant role in electron energy balance. The proportionality factor between the axial electron temperature gradient and the electric field is significantly smaller than might be expected by models employing Ohmic heating of electrons 7. Synthesis and aqueous phase behavior of thermoresponsive biodegradable poly(D,L-3-methylglycolide)-block-poly(ethyelene glycol)-block-poly(D,L-3-methylglycolide) triblock copolymers NARCIS (Netherlands) Zhong, Zhiyuan; Dijkstra, Pieter J.; Feijen, Jan; Kwon, Young-Min; Bae, You Han; Kim, Sung Wan 2002-01-01 Novel biodegradable thermosensitive triblock copolymers of poly(D,L-3-methylglycolide)-block-poly(ethylene glycol)-block-poly(D,L-3-methylglycolide) (PMG-PEG-PMG) have been synthesized. Ring-opening polymerization of D,L-3-methyl-glycolide (MG) initiated with poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) and 8. Tasks related to increase of RA reactor exploitation and experimental potential, 01. Designing the protection chamber in the RA reactor hall for handling the radioactive experimental equipment (I-II) Part II, Vol. II; Radovi na povecanju eksploatacionih i eksperimentalnih mogucnosti reaktora RA, 01. Projektovanje zastitne komore u hali reaktora RA za rad sa aktivnim eksperimentalnim uredjajima (I-II), II Deo, Album II Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB) Pavicevic, M [Institute of Nuclear Sciences Boris Kidric, Vinca, Beograd (Serbia and Montenegro) 1963-07-15 This second volume of the project for construction of the protection chamber in the RA reactor hall for handling the radioactive devices includes the technical description of the chamber, calculation of the shielding wall thickness, bottom lead plate, horizontal stability of the chamber, cost estimation, and the engineering drawings. 9. 75 FR 7467 - Gary E. Hall and Rita C. Hall; Notice of Application Accepted for Filing With the Commision... Science.gov (United States) 2010-02-19 ... Rita C. Hall; Notice of Application Accepted for Filing With the Commision, Soliciting Motions To.... Project No.: 13652-000. c. Date filed: January 11, 2010. d. Applicant: Gary E. Hall and Rita C. Hall. e... Policies Act of 1978, 16 U.S.C. 2705, 2708. h. Applicant Contact: Mr. Gary E. Hall and Ms. Rita C. Hall, P... 10. Nondestructive hall coefficient measurements using ACPD techniques Science.gov (United States) Velicheti, Dheeraj; Nagy, Peter B.; Hassan, Waled 2018-04-01 Hall coefficient measurements offer great opportunities as well as major challenges for nondestructive materials characterization. The Hall effect is produced by the magnetic Lorentz force acting on moving charge carriers in the presence of an applied magnetic field. The magnetic perturbation gives rise to a Hall current that is normal to the conduction current but does not directly perturb the electric potential distribution. Therefore, Hall coefficient measurements usually exploit the so-called transverse galvanomagnetic potential drop effect that arises when the Hall current is intercepted by the boundaries of the specimen and thereby produce a measurable potential drop. In contrast, no Hall potential is produced in a large plate in the presence of a uniform normal field at quasi-static low frequencies. In other words, conventional Hall coefficient measurements are inherently destructive since they require cutting the material under tests. This study investigated the feasibility of using alternating current potential drop (ACPD) techniques for nondestructive Hall coefficient measurements in plates. Specifically, the directional four-point square-electrode configuration is investigated with superimposed external magnetic field. Two methods are suggested to make Hall coefficient measurements in large plates without destructive machining. At low frequencies, constraining the bias magnetic field can replace constraining the dimensions of the specimen, which is inherently destructive. For example, when a cylindrical permanent magnet is used to provide the bias magnetic field, the peak Hall voltage is produced when the diameter of the magnet is equal to the diagonal of the square ACPD probe. Although this method is less effective than cutting the specimen to a finite size, the loss of sensitivity is less than one order of magnitude even at very low frequencies. In contrast, at sufficiently high inspection frequencies the magnetic field of the Hall current induces a 11. Hall magnetohydrodynamics of neutral layers International Nuclear Information System (INIS) Huba, J.D.; Rudakov, L.I. 2003-01-01 New analytical and numerical results of the dynamics of inhomogeneous, reversed field current layers in the Hall limit (i.e., characteristic length scales < or approx. the ion inertial length) are presented. Specifically, the two- and three-dimensional evolution of a current layer that supports a reversed field plasma configuration and has a density gradient along the current direction is studied. The two-dimensional study demonstrates that a density inhomogeneity along the current direction can dramatically redistribute the magnetic field and plasma via magnetic shock-like or rarefaction waves. The relative direction between the density gradient and current flow plays a critical role in the evolution of the current sheet. One important result is that the current sheet can become very thin rapidly when the density gradient is directed opposite to the current. The three-dimensional study uses the same plasma and field configuration as the two-dimensional study but is also initialized with a magnetic field perturbation localized along the current channel upstream of the plasma inhomogeneity. The perturbation induces a magnetic wave structure that propagates in the direction of the electron drift (i.e., opposite to the current). The propagating wave structure is a Hall phenomenon associated with magnetic field curvature. The interaction between the propagating wave structure and the evolving current layer can lead to rapid magnetic field line reconnection. The results are applied to laboratory and space plasma processes 12. Mesoscopic spin Hall effect in semiconductor nanostructures Science.gov (United States) Zarbo, Liviu , appeared in 1970s, it is only in the past few years that advances in optical detection of nonequilibrium magnetization in semiconductors have made possible the detection of such extrinsic SHE in groundbreaking experiments. The experimental pursuits of SHE have, in fact, been largely motivated by very recent theoretical speculations for several order of magnitude greater spin Hall currents driven by intrinsic SO mechanisms due to SO couplings existing not only around the impurity but also throughout the sample. The homogeneous intrinsic SO couplings are capable of spin-splitting the band structure and appear as momentum-dependent magnetic field within the sample which causes spin non-conservation due to precession of injected spins which are not in the eigenstates of the corresponding Zeeman term. Besides deepening our understanding of subtle relativistic effects in solids, SHE has attracted a lot of attention since it offers an all-electrical way of generating pure spin currents in semiconductors. (Abstract shortened by UMI.) 13. The soviet manned lunar program N1-L3 Science.gov (United States) Lardier, Christian 2018-01-01 The conquest of space was marked by the Moon race in which the two superpowers, the United States and the Soviet Union, were engaged in the 1960s. On the American side, the Apollo program culminated with the Man on the Moon in July 1969, 50 years ago. At the same time, the Soviet Union carried out a similar program which was kept secret for 20 years. This N1-L3 program was unveiled in August 1989. Its goal was to arrive on the Moon before the Americans. It included an original super-rocket, development of which began in June 1960. But this program became a national priority only in August 1964 and the super-rocket failed four times between 1969 and 1972. This article analyses the reasons for these failures, which led to the cancellation of the program in 1974. 14. Multilingual students' acquisition of English as their L3 DEFF Research Database (Denmark) Samal Jalal, Rawand with regard to English proficiency. The current study conducted in Denmark investigated multilingual students’ English proficiency compared to their monolingual peers’, and examined which learning strategies proficient L3 learners utilize. The sample was comprised of 9-graders who are monolinguals (N = 82......) and multilinguals with Turkish L1 (N = 134). The participants provided basic demographic information, and were tested in their general English proficiency. Out of the 70 multilinguals with Turkish L1, 12 participants were selected for further testing; i.e., the four participants who scored the lowest, four...... participants with intermediate scores, and the four who scored the highest, on a test of English proficiency. These participants were tested in their L1 (Turkish) and their L2 (Danish) in order to examine whether their proficiency in their L1 and L2 was associated with English proficiency. Furthermore, the 12... 15. Quantum Hall effect in quantum electrodynamics International Nuclear Information System (INIS) Penin, Alexander A. 2009-01-01 We consider the quantum Hall effect in quantum electrodynamics and find a deviation from the quantum-mechanical prediction for the Hall conductivity due to radiative antiscreening of electric charge in an external magnetic field. A weak dependence of the universal von Klitzing constant on the magnetic field strength, which can possibly be observed in a dedicated experiment, is predicted 16. Hall devices improve electric motor efficiency Science.gov (United States) Haeussermann, W. 1979-01-01 Efficiency of electric motors and generators is reduced by radial magnetic forces created by symmetric fields within device. Forces are sensed and counteracted by Hall devices on excitation or control windings. Hall generators directly measure and provide compensating control of anu asymmetry, eliminating additional measurements needed for calibration feedback control loop. 17. Higher fractions theory of fractional hall effect International Nuclear Information System (INIS) Kostadinov, I.Z.; Popov, V.N. 1985-07-01 A theory of fractional quantum Hall effect is generalized to higher fractions. N-particle model interaction is used and the gap is expressed through n-particles wave function. The excitation spectrum in general and the mean field critical behaviour are determined. The Hall conductivity is calculated from first principles. (author) 18. Sensitivity of resistive and Hall measurements to local inhomogeneities DEFF Research Database (Denmark) Koon, Daniel W.; Wang, Fei; Petersen, Dirch Hjorth 2014-01-01 We derive exact, analytic expressions for the sensitivity of sheet resistance and Hall sheet resistance measurements to local inhomogeneities for the cases of nonzero magnetic fields, strong perturbations, and perturbations over a finite area, extending our earlier results on weak perturbations. ...... simulations on both a linear four-point probe array on a large circular disc and a van der Pauw square geometry. Furthermore, the results also agree well with Náhlík et al. published experimental results for physical holes in a circular copper foil disc.......We derive exact, analytic expressions for the sensitivity of sheet resistance and Hall sheet resistance measurements to local inhomogeneities for the cases of nonzero magnetic fields, strong perturbations, and perturbations over a finite area, extending our earlier results on weak perturbations. We... 19. Fast micro Hall effect measurements on small pads DEFF Research Database (Denmark) Østerberg, Frederik Westergaard; Petersen, Dirch Hjorth; Nielsen, Peter F. 2011-01-01 Sheet resistance, carrier mobility, and sheet carrier density are important parameters in semiconductor production, and it is therefore important to be able to rapidly and accurately measure these parameters even on small samples or pads. The interpretation of four-point probe measurements on small...... pads is non-trivial. In this paper we discuss how conformal mapping can be used to evaluate theoretically expected measurement values on small pads. Theoretical values calculated from analytical mappings of simple geometries are compared to the values found from the numerical conformal mapping...... of a square onto the infinite half-plane, where well-established solutions are known. Hall effect measurements are performed to show, experimentally, that it is possible to measure Hall mobility in less than one minute on squares as small as 7070 lm2 with a deviation of 66.5% on a 1r level from accurate... 20. Quantum Hall effect in epitaxial graphene with permanent magnets. Science.gov (United States) Parmentier, F D; Cazimajou, T; Sekine, Y; Hibino, H; Irie, H; Glattli, D C; Kumada, N; Roulleau, P 2016-12-06 We have observed the well-kown quantum Hall effect (QHE) in epitaxial graphene grown on silicon carbide (SiC) by using, for the first time, only commercial NdFeB permanent magnets at low temperature. The relatively large and homogeneous magnetic field generated by the magnets, together with the high quality of the epitaxial graphene films, enables the formation of well-developed quantum Hall states at Landau level filling factors v = ±2, commonly observed with superconducting electro-magnets. Furthermore, the chirality of the QHE edge channels can be changed by a top gate. These results demonstrate that basic QHE physics are experimentally accessible in graphene for a fraction of the price of conventional setups using superconducting magnets, which greatly increases the potential of the QHE in graphene for research and applications. 1. Quantum Hall Valley Nematics: From Field Theories to Microscopic Models Science.gov (United States) Parameswaran, Siddharth The interplay between quantum Hall ordering and spontaneously broken internal'' symmetries in two-dimensional electron systems with spin or pseudospin degrees of freedom gives rise to a variety of interesting phenomena, including novel phases, phase transitions, and topological excitations. I will discuss a theory of broken-symmetry quantum Hall states, applicable to a class of multivalley systems, where the symmetry at issue is a point-group element that combines a spatial rotation with a permutation of valley indices. I will explore its ramifications for the phase diagram of a variety of experimental systems, such as AlAs and Si quantum wells and the surface states of bismuth. I will also discuss unconventional transport phenomena in these phases in the presence of quenched randomness, and the possible mechanisms of selection between degenerate broken-symmetry phases in clean systems. I acknowledge support from NSF DMR-1455366. 2. Quantum Hall effect in epitaxial graphene with permanent magnets Science.gov (United States) Parmentier, F. D.; Cazimajou, T.; Sekine, Y.; Hibino, H.; Irie, H.; Glattli, D. C.; Kumada, N.; Roulleau, P. 2016-12-01 We have observed the well-kown quantum Hall effect (QHE) in epitaxial graphene grown on silicon carbide (SiC) by using, for the first time, only commercial NdFeB permanent magnets at low temperature. The relatively large and homogeneous magnetic field generated by the magnets, together with the high quality of the epitaxial graphene films, enables the formation of well-developed quantum Hall states at Landau level filling factors v = ±2, commonly observed with superconducting electro-magnets. Furthermore, the chirality of the QHE edge channels can be changed by a top gate. These results demonstrate that basic QHE physics are experimentally accessible in graphene for a fraction of the price of conventional setups using superconducting magnets, which greatly increases the potential of the QHE in graphene for research and applications. 3. Anomalous Hall effect in ZrTe5 Science.gov (United States) Liang, Tian; Lin, Jingjing; Gibson, Quinn; Kushwaha, Satya; Liu, Minhao; Wang, Wudi; Xiong, Hongyu; Sobota, Jonathan A.; Hashimoto, Makoto; Kirchmann, Patrick S.; Shen, Zhi-Xun; Cava, R. J.; Ong, N. P. 2018-05-01 Research in topological matter has expanded to include the Dirac and Weyl semimetals1-10, which feature three-dimensional Dirac states protected by symmetry. Zirconium pentatelluride has been of recent interest as a potential Dirac or Weyl semimetal material. Here, we report the results of experiments performed by in situ three-dimensional double-axis rotation to extract the full 4π solid angular dependence of the transport properties. A clear anomalous Hall effect is detected in every sample studied, with no magnetic ordering observed in the system to the experimental sensitivity of torque magnetometry. Large anomalous Hall signals develop when the magnetic field is rotated in the plane of the stacked quasi-two-dimensional layers, with the values vanishing above about 60 K, where the negative longitudinal magnetoresistance also disappears. This suggests a close relation in their origins, which we attribute to the Berry curvature generated by the Weyl nodes. 4. Electron Cross-field Transport in a Miniaturized Cylindrical Hall Thruster International Nuclear Information System (INIS) Smirnov Artem; Raitses Yevgeny; Fisch Nathaniel J 2005-01-01 Conventional annular Hall thrusters become inefficient when scaled to low power. Cylindrical Hall thrusters, which have lower surface-to-volume ratio, are more promising for scaling down. They presently exhibit performance comparable with conventional annular Hall thrusters. The present paper gives a review of the experimental and numerical investigations of electron crossfield transport in the 2.6 cm miniaturized cylindrical Hall thruster (100 W power level). We show that, in order to explain the discharge current observed for the typical operating conditions, the electron anomalous collision frequency ν b has to be on the order of the Bohm value, ν B ∼ ω c /16. The contribution of electron-wall collisions to cross-field transport is found to be insignificant. The optimal regimes of thruster operation at low background pressure (below 10 -5 Torr) in the vacuum tank appear to be different from those at higher pressure (∼ 10 -4 Torr) 5. Unconventional fractional quantum Hall effect in monolayer and bilayer graphene Science.gov (United States) Jacak, Janusz; Jacak, Lucjan 2016-01-01 The commensurability condition is applied to determine the hierarchy of fractional fillings of Landau levels in monolayer and in bilayer graphene. The filling rates for fractional quantum Hall effect (FQHE) in graphene are found in the first three Landau levels in one-to-one agreement with the experimental data. The presence of even denominator filling fractions in the hierarchy for FQHE in bilayer graphene is explained. Experimentally observed hierarchy of FQHE in the first and second Landau levels in monolayer graphene and in the zeroth Landau level in bilayer graphene is beyond the conventional composite fermion interpretation but fits to the presented nonlocal topology commensurability condition. PMID:27877866 6. The quantum Hall effect helicity Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB) Shrivastava, Keshav N., E-mail: keshav1001@yahoo.com [Department of Physics, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603 (Malaysia); School of Physics, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad 500046 (India) 2015-04-16 The quantum Hall effect in semiconductor heterostructures is explained by two signs in the angular momentum j=l±s and g=(2j+1)/(2l+1) along with the Landau factor (n+1/2). These modifications in the existing theories explain all of the fractional charges. The helicity which is the sign of the product of the linear momentum with the spin p.s plays an important role for the understanding of the data at high magnetic fields. In particular it is found that particles with positive sign in the spin move in one direction and those with negative sign move in another direction which explains the up and down stream motion of the particles. 7. Stuart Hall: An Organic Intellectual Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden) Johanna Fernández Castro 2017-01-01 Full Text Available Stuart Hall (3 February 1932 – 10 February 2014 is acknowledged as one of the founding figures of British Cultural Studies. His extensive academic work on topics such as race, ethnicity and identity reflects his own position as a diasporic intellectual. His contribution to the study of popular culture is determined by the importance of his political character in every social act, his non-deterministic view of Marxism, and is especially determined by his insistence on playing an active role beyond academia in order to contribute to the transformation of hegemonic structures. The following biography aims to give a focused view of his personal history and its direct influence on his key theoretical reflections. 8. Hall effect mobility for SiC MOSFETs with increasing dose of nitrogen implantation into channel region Science.gov (United States) Noguchi, Munetaka; Iwamatsu, Toshiaki; Amishiro, Hiroyuki; Watanabe, Hiroshi; Kita, Koji; Yamakawa, Satoshi 2018-04-01 The Hall effect mobility (μHall) of the Si-face 4H-SiC metal–oxide–semiconductor field effect transistor (MOSFET) with a nitrogen (N)-implanted channel region was investigated by increasing the N dose. The μHall in the channel region was systematically examined regarding channel structures, that is, the surface and buried channels. It was experimentally demonstrated that increasing the N dose results in an improvement in μHall in the channel region due to the formation of the buried channel. However, further increase in N dose was found to decrease the μHall in the channel region, owing to the decrease in the electron mobility in the N-implanted bulk region. 9. Interplay of Rashba effect and spin Hall effect in perpendicular Pt/Co/MgO magnetic multilayers Institute of Scientific and Technical Information of China (English) 赵云驰; 杨光; 董博闻; 王守国; 王超; 孙阳; 张静言; 于广华 2016-01-01 The interplay of the Rashba effect and the spin Hall effect originating from current induced spin–orbit coupling was investigated in the as-deposited and annealed Pt/Co/MgO stacks with perpendicular magnetic anisotropy. The above two effects were analyzed based on Hall measurements under external magnetic fields longitudinal and vertical to dc current, respectively. The coercive field as a function of dc current in vertical mode with only the Rashba effect involved decreases due to thermal annealing. Meanwhile, spin orbit torques calculated from Hall resistance with only the spin Hall effect involved in the longitudinal mode decrease in the annealed sample. The experimental results prove that the bottom Pt/Co interface rather than the Co/MgO top one plays a more critical role in both Rashba effect and spin Hall effect. 10. High precision micro-scale Hall Effect characterization method using in-line micro four-point probes DEFF Research Database (Denmark) Petersen, Dirch Hjorth; Hansen, Ole; Lin, Rong 2008-01-01 Accurate characterization of ultra shallow junctions (USJ) is important in order to understand the principles of junction formation and to develop the appropriate implant and annealing technologies. We investigate the capabilities of a new micro-scale Hall effect measurement method where Hall...... effect is measured with collinear micro four-point probes (M4PP). We derive the sensitivity to electrode position errors and describe a position error suppression method to enable rapid reliable Hall effect measurements with just two measurement points. We show with both Monte Carlo simulations...... and experimental measurements, that the repeatability of a micro-scale Hall effect measurement is better than 1 %. We demonstrate the ability to spatially resolve Hall effect on micro-scale by characterization of an USJ with a single laser stripe anneal. The micro sheet resistance variations resulting from... 11. Quantized Hall conductance as a topological invariant International Nuclear Information System (INIS) Niu, Q.; Thouless, Ds.J.; Wu, Y.S. 1984-10-01 Whenever the Fermi level lies in a gap (or mobility gap) the bulk Hall conductance can be expressed in a topologically invariant form showing the quantization explicitly. The new formulation generalizes the earlier result by TKNN to the situation where many body interaction and substrate disorder are also present. When applying to the fractional quantized Hall effect we draw the conclusion that there must be a symmetry breaking in the many body ground state. The possibility of writing the fractionally quantized Hall conductance as a topological invariant is also carefully discussed. 19 references 12. Piezo Voltage Controlled Planar Hall Effect Devices. Science.gov (United States) Zhang, Bao; Meng, Kang-Kang; Yang, Mei-Yin; Edmonds, K W; Zhang, Hao; Cai, Kai-Ming; Sheng, Yu; Zhang, Nan; Ji, Yang; Zhao, Jian-Hua; Zheng, Hou-Zhi; Wang, Kai-You 2016-06-22 The electrical control of the magnetization switching in ferromagnets is highly desired for future spintronic applications. Here we report on hybrid piezoelectric (PZT)/ferromagnetic (Co2FeAl) devices in which the planar Hall voltage in the ferromagnetic layer is tuned solely by piezo voltages. The change of planar Hall voltage is associated with magnetization switching through 90° in the plane under piezo voltages. Room temperature magnetic NOT and NOR gates are demonstrated based on the piezo voltage controlled Co2FeAl planar Hall effect devices without the external magnetic field. Our demonstration may lead to the realization of both information storage and processing using ferromagnetic materials. 13. Stability of the Hall sensors performance under neutron irradiation International Nuclear Information System (INIS) Duran, I.; Hron, M.; Stockel, J.; Viererbl, L.; Vsolak, R.; Cerva, V.; Bolshakova, I.; Holyaka, R.; Vayakis, G. 2004-01-01 A principally new diagnostic method must be developed for magnetic measurements in steady state regime of operation of fusion reactor. One of the options is the use of transducers based on Hall effect. The use of Hall sensors in ITER is presently limited by their questionable radiation and thermal stability. Issues of reliable operation in ITER like radiation and thermal environment are addressed in the paper. The results of irradiation tests of candidate Hall sensors in LVR-15 and IBR-2 experimental fission reactors are presented. Stable operation (deterioration of sensitivity below one percent) of the specially prepared sensors was demonstrated during irradiation by the total fluence of 3.10 16 n/cm 2 in IBR-2 reactor. Increasing the total neutron fluence up to 3.10 17 n/cm 2 resulted in deterioration of the best sensor's output still below 10% as demonstrated during irradiation in LVR-15 fission reactor. This level of neutron is already higher than the expected ITER life time neutron fluence for a sensor location just outside the ITER vessel. (authors) 14. Precision Electron Beam Polarimetry in Hall C at Jefferson Lab Science.gov (United States) Gaskell, David 2013-10-01 The electron beam polarization in experimental Hall C at Jefferson Lab is measured using two devices. The Hall-C/Basel Møller polarimeter measures the beam polarization via electron-electron scattering and utilizes a novel target system in which a pure iron foil is driven to magnetic saturation (out of plane) using a superconducting solenoid. A Compton polarimeter measures the polarization via electron-photon scattering, where the photons are provided by a high-power, CW laser coupled to a low gain Fabry-Perot cavity. In this case, both the Compton-scattered electrons and backscattered photons provide measurements of the beam polarization. Results from both polarimeters, acquired during the Q-Weak experiment in Hall C, will be presented. In particular, the results of a test in which the Møller and Compton polarimeters made interleaving measurements at identical beam currents will be shown. In addition, plans for operation of both devices after completion of the Jefferson Lab 12 GeV Upgrade will also be discussed. 15. Parametric studies of the Hall Thruster at Soreq International Nuclear Information System (INIS) Ashkenazy, J.; Rattses, Y.; Appelbaum, G. 1997-01-01 An electric propulsion program was initiated at Soreq a few years ago, aiming at the research and development of advanced Hall thrusters for various space applications. The Hall thruster accelerates a plasma jet by an axial electric field and an applied radial magnetic field in an annular ceramic channel. A relatively large current density (> 0.1 A/cm 2 ) can be obtained, since the acceleration mechanism is not limited by space charge effects. Such a device can be used as a small rocket engine onboard spacecraft with the advantage of a large jet velocity compared with conventional rocket engines (10,000-30,000 m/s vs. 2,000-4,800 m/s). An experimental Hall thruster was constructed at Soreq and operated under a broad range of operating conditions and under various configurational variations. Electrical, magnetic and plasma diagnostics, as well as accurate thrust and gas flow rate measurements, have been used to investigate the dependence of thruster behavior on the applied voltage, gas flow rate, magnetic field, channel geometry and wall material. Representative results highlighting the major findings of the studies conducted so far are presented 16. Properties of Nonabelian Quantum Hall States Science.gov (United States) Simon, Steven H. 2004-03-01 The quantum statistics of particles refers to the behavior of a multiparticle wavefunction under adiabatic interchange of two identical particles. While a three dimensional world affords the possibilities of Bosons or Fermions, the two dimensional world has more exotic possibilities such as Fractional and Nonabelian statistics (J. Frölich, in Nonperturbative Quantum Field Theory", ed, G. t'Hooft. 1988). The latter is perhaps the most interesting where the wavefunction obeys a nonabelian'' representation of the braid group - meaning that braiding A around B then B around C is not the same as braiding B around C then A around B. This property enables one to think about using these exotic systems for robust topological quantum computation (M. Freedman, A. Kitaev, et al, Bull Am Math Soc 40, 31 (2003)). Surprisingly, it is thought that quasiparticles excitations with such nonabelian statistics may actually exist in certain quantum Hall states that have already been observed. The most likely such candidate is the quantum Hall ν=5/2 state(R. L. Willett et al, Phys. Rev. Lett. 59, 1776-1779 (1987)), thought to be a so-called Moore-Read Pfaffian state(G. Moore and N. Read, Nucl Phys. B360 362 (1991)), which can be thought of as a p-wave paired superconducting state of composite fermions(M. Greiter, X. G. Wen, and F. Wilczek, PRL 66, 3205 (1991)). Using this superconducting analogy, we use a Chern-Simons field theory approach to make a number of predictions as to what experimental signatures one should expect for this state if it really is this Moore-Read state(K. Foster, N. Bonesteel, and S. H. Simon, PRL 91 046804 (2003)). We will then discuss how the nonabelian statistics can be explored in detail using a quantum monte-carlo approach (Y. Tserkovnyak and S. H. Simon, PRL 90 106802 (2003)), (I. Finkler, Y. Tserkovnyak, and S. H. Simon, work in progress.) that allows one to explicitly drag one particle around another and observe the change in the wavefunctions 17. The infrared Hall effect in YBCO: Temperature and frequency dependence of Hall scattering International Nuclear Information System (INIS) Grayson, M.; Cerne, J.; Drew, H.D.; Schmadel, D.C.; Hughes, R.; Preston, J.S.; Kung, P.J.; Vale, L. 1999-01-01 The authors measure the Hall angle, θ H , in YBCO films in the far- and mid-infrared to determine the temperature and frequency dependence of the Hall scattering. Using novel modulation techniques they measure both the Faraday rotation and ellipticity induced by these films in high magnetic fields to deduce the complex conductivity tensor. They observe a strong temperature dependence of the mid-infrared Hall conductivity in sharp contrast to the weak dependence of the longitudinal conductivity. By fitting the frequency dependent normal state Hall angle to a Lorentzian θ H (ω) = ω H /(γ H minus iω) they find the Hall frequency, ω H , is nearly independent of temperature. The Hall scattering rate, γ H , is consistent with γ H ∼ T 2 up to 200 K and is remarkably independent of IR frequency suggesting non-Fermi liquid behavior 18. Search for Higgs bosons using the L3 detector at LEP International Nuclear Information System (INIS) Kopp, A. 2000-02-01 This thesis is devoted to the search for Higgs bosons predicted by various theoretical models. By the introduction of these particles into the theory, the masses of bosons and fermions can be explained. The search is performed in experimentally related channels, which are characterised by charged leptons in the final state. The analysis uses data taken during the years 1996-1998 with the L3 detector at the large electron positron collider LEP. The observed candidates are consistent with the expectation from standard model background processes. Evidence for Higgs boson production could not be found. New mass limits were determined superseding previous mass limits established by L3 and other experiments. In the search for the Higgs boson of the standard model the channels hZ → b anti bl + l - (l = e,μ,τ) and hZ → τ + τ - q anti q were analysed at centre-of-mass energies between 183 and 189 GeV. A lower mass limit of m h > 87.5 GeV is derived at the 95% confidence level. (orig.) 19. Tau Polarization Measurement in the L3 Detector International Nuclear Information System (INIS) Garcia, P. 1996-01-01 The Polarization asymmetry (A p ) measurement can be obtained from the energy spectra of the tau lepton (tau) decay products. This measurement provides a precise determination of the weak mixing angel (sin''2 tilde char theta w ), one of the Standard Model fundamental parameters. Tau leptons are produced at LEP in e''+e''-yields tilde char f interactions at a center of mass energy of the order of the Z boson mass. In order to get A p we have calculated the analytical formulae of the tau decay products energy spectra, including radiative corrections, for all of the one prong tau decay channels. We have also extended this analytical formalism to the detector level, including the selection criteria effectsand the detector resolution (calibration) in the analytical expressions.Detailed studies have been performed concerning our measurement using this formalism. From the data collected with the L3 detector between 1991 and 1994, which corresponds to an integrated luminosity of 118.8 pb''1 at a center of mass energy of the order of the Z mass, we have identified and selected the following tau decay channel samples: tau yields e nu tilde char nu, tau yields mu nu tilde char nu, tau yields pi/K nu y tau yields p/K*nu. From the analysis of these samples we get the tau polarization asymmetry measurement: A p =3D0.143+-0.014+-0.010, which corresponds to a value of sin''2 tilde char theta w =3D0.2320+-0.0018+-0.0013. (Author) 24 refs 20. Simulating Ru L3-edge X-ray absorption spectroscopy with time-dependent density functional theory: model complexes and electron localization in mixed-valence metal dimers. Science.gov (United States) Van Kuiken, Benjamin E; Valiev, Marat; Daifuku, Stephanie L; Bannan, Caitlin; Strader, Matthew L; Cho, Hana; Huse, Nils; Schoenlein, Robert W; Govind, Niranjan; Khalil, Munira 2013-05-30 Ruthenium L3-edge X-ray absorption (XA) spectroscopy probes unoccupied 4d orbitals of the metal atom and is increasingly being used to investigate the local electronic structure in ground and excited electronic states of Ru complexes. The simultaneous development of computational tools for simulating Ru L3-edge spectra is crucial for interpreting the spectral features at a molecular level. This study demonstrates that time-dependent density functional theory (TDDFT) is a viable and predictive tool for simulating ruthenium L3-edge XA spectroscopy. We systematically investigate the effects of exchange correlation functional and implicit and explicit solvent interactions on a series of Ru(II) and Ru(III) complexes in their ground and electronic excited states. The TDDFT simulations reproduce all of the experimentally observed features in Ru L3-edge XA spectra within the experimental resolution (0.4 eV). Our simulations identify ligand-specific charge transfer features in complicated Ru L3-edge spectra of [Ru(CN)6](4-) and Ru(II) polypyridyl complexes illustrating the advantage of using TDDFT in complex systems. We conclude that the B3LYP functional most accurately predicts the transition energies of charge transfer features in these systems. We use our TDDFT approach to simulate experimental Ru L3-edge XA spectra of transition metal mixed-valence dimers of the form [(NC)5M(II)-CN-Ru(III)(NH3)5](-) (where M = Fe or Ru) dissolved in water. Our study determines the spectral signatures of electron delocalization in Ru L3-edge XA spectra. We find that the inclusion of explicit solvent molecules is necessary for reproducing the spectral features and the experimentally determined valencies in these mixed-valence complexes. This study validates the use of TDDFT for simulating Ru 2p excitations using popular quantum chemistry codes and providing a powerful interpretive tool for equilibrium and ultrafast Ru L3-edge XA spectroscopy. 1. LOFT/L3-6, Loss of Fluid Test, 6. NRC L3 Small Break LOCA Experiment International Nuclear Information System (INIS) 1992-01-01 1 - Description of test facility: The LOFT Integral Test Facility is a scale model of a LPWR. The intent of the facility is to model the nuclear, thermal-hydraulic phenomena which would take place in a LPWR during a LOCA. The general philosophy in scaling coolant volumes and flow areas in LOFT was to use the ratio of the LOFT core [50 MW(t)] to a typical LPWR core [3000 MW(t)]. For some components, this factor is not applied; however, it is used as extensively as practical. In general, components used in LOFT are similar in design to those of a LPWR. Because of scaling and component design, the LOFT LOCA is expected to closely model a LPWR LOCA. 2 - Description of test: This was the sixth in the NRC L3 Series of small-break LOCA experiments. A 10-cm (2.5-in.) cold-leg non-communicative-break LOCA was simulated. Pumps were running. The experiment was conducted on 10 December 1980 2. LOFT/L3-5, Loss of Fluid Test, 5. NRC L3 Small Break LOCA Experiment International Nuclear Information System (INIS) 1991-01-01 1 - Description of test facility: The LOFT Integral Test Facility is a scale model of a LPWR. The intent of the facility is to model the nuclear, thermal-hydraulic phenomena which would take place in a LPWR during a LOCA. The general philosophy in scaling coolant volumes and flow areas in LOFT was to use the ratio of the LOFT core [50 MW(t)] to a typical LPWR core [3000 MW(t)]. For some components, this factor is not applied; however, it is used as extensively as practical. In general, components used in LOFT are similar in design to those of a LPWR. Because of scaling and component design, the LOFT LOCA is expected to closely model a LPWR LOCA. 2 - Description of test: This was the fifth in the NRC L3 Series of small-break LOCA experiments. A 10-cm (2.5-in.) cold-leg non-communicative-break LOCA was simulated. Pumps were shut off. The experiment was conducted on 29 September 1980 3. Topologically induced fractional Hall steps in the integer quantum Hall regime of MoS 2 Science.gov (United States) Firoz Islam, SK; Benjamin, Colin 2016-09-01 The quantum magnetotransport properties of a monolayer of molybdenum disulfide are derived using linear response theory. In particular, the effect of topological terms on longitudinal and Hall conductivity is analyzed. The Hall conductivity exhibits fractional steps in the integer quantum Hall regime. Further complete spin and valley polarization of the longitudinal conductivitity is seen in presence of these topological terms. Finally, the Shubnikov-de Hass oscillations are suppressed or enhanced contingent on the sign of these topological terms. 4. Exploring 4D quantum Hall physics with a 2D topological charge pump Science.gov (United States) Lohse, Michael; Schweizer, Christian; Price, Hannah M.; Zilberberg, Oded; Bloch, Immanuel 2018-01-01 The discovery of topological states of matter has greatly improved our understanding of phase transitions in physical systems. Instead of being described by local order parameters, topological phases are described by global topological invariants and are therefore robust against perturbations. A prominent example is the two-dimensional (2D) integer quantum Hall effect: it is characterized by the first Chern number, which manifests in the quantized Hall response that is induced by an external electric field. Generalizing the quantum Hall effect to four-dimensional (4D) systems leads to the appearance of an additional quantized Hall response, but one that is nonlinear and described by a 4D topological invariant—the second Chern number. Here we report the observation of a bulk response with intrinsic 4D topology and demonstrate its quantization by measuring the associated second Chern number. By implementing a 2D topological charge pump using ultracold bosonic atoms in an angled optical superlattice, we realize a dynamical version of the 4D integer quantum Hall effect. Using a small cloud of atoms as a local probe, we fully characterize the nonlinear response of the system via in situ imaging and site-resolved band mapping. Our findings pave the way to experimentally probing higher-dimensional quantum Hall systems, in which additional strongly correlated topological phases, exotic collective excitations and boundary phenomena such as isolated Weyl fermions are predicted. 5. Exploring 4D quantum Hall physics with a 2D topological charge pump. Science.gov (United States) Lohse, Michael; Schweizer, Christian; Price, Hannah M; Zilberberg, Oded; Bloch, Immanuel 2018-01-03 The discovery of topological states of matter has greatly improved our understanding of phase transitions in physical systems. Instead of being described by local order parameters, topological phases are described by global topological invariants and are therefore robust against perturbations. A prominent example is the two-dimensional (2D) integer quantum Hall effect: it is characterized by the first Chern number, which manifests in the quantized Hall response that is induced by an external electric field. Generalizing the quantum Hall effect to four-dimensional (4D) systems leads to the appearance of an additional quantized Hall response, but one that is nonlinear and described by a 4D topological invariant-the second Chern number. Here we report the observation of a bulk response with intrinsic 4D topology and demonstrate its quantization by measuring the associated second Chern number. By implementing a 2D topological charge pump using ultracold bosonic atoms in an angled optical superlattice, we realize a dynamical version of the 4D integer quantum Hall effect. Using a small cloud of atoms as a local probe, we fully characterize the nonlinear response of the system via in situ imaging and site-resolved band mapping. Our findings pave the way to experimentally probing higher-dimensional quantum Hall systems, in which additional strongly correlated topological phases, exotic collective excitations and boundary phenomena such as isolated Weyl fermions are predicted. 6. Sub-grid-scale effects on short-wave instability in magnetized hall-MHD plasma International Nuclear Information System (INIS) Miura, H.; Nakajima, N. 2010-11-01 Aiming to clarify effects of short-wave modes on nonlinear evolution/saturation of the ballooning instability in the Large Helical Device, fully three-dimensional simulations of the single-fluid MHD and the Hall MHD equations are carried out. A moderate parallel heat conductivity plays an important role both in the two kinds of simulations. In the single-fluid MHD simulations, the parallel heat conduction effectively suppresses short-wave ballooning modes but it turns out that the suppression is insufficient in comparison to an experimental result. In the Hall MHD simulations, the parallel heat conduction triggers a rapid growth of the parallel flow and enhance nonlinear couplings. A comparison between single-fluid and the Hall MHD simulations reveals that the Hall MHD model does not necessarily improve the saturated pressure profile, and that we may need a further extension of the model. We also find by a comparison between two Hall MHD simulations with different numerical resolutions that sub-grid-scales of the Hall term should be modeled to mimic an inverse energy transfer in the wave number space. (author) 7. Spin Hall effect by surface roughness KAUST Repository Zhou, Lingjun; Grigoryan, Vahram L.; Maekawa, Sadamichi; Wang, Xuhui; Xiao, Jiang 2015-01-01 induced by surface roughness subscribes only to the side-jump contribution but not the skew scattering. The paradigm proposed in this paper provides the second, not if only, alternative to generate a sizable spin Hall effect. 8. Mesoscopic effects in the quantum Hall regime Indian Academy of Sciences (India) . When band mixing between multiple Landau levels is present, mesoscopic effects cause a crossover from a sequence of quantum Hall transitions for weak disorder to classical behavior for strong disorder. This behavior may be of relevance ... 9. Plasmon Geometric Phase and Plasmon Hall Shift Science.gov (United States) Shi, Li-kun; Song, Justin C. W. 2018-04-01 The collective plasmonic modes of a metal comprise a simple pattern of oscillating charge density that yields enhanced light-matter interaction. Here we unveil that beneath this familiar facade plasmons possess a hidden internal structure that fundamentally alters its dynamics. In particular, we find that metals with nonzero Hall conductivity host plasmons with an intricate current density configuration that sharply departs from that of ordinary zero Hall conductivity metals. This nontrivial internal structure dramatically enriches the dynamics of plasmon propagation, enabling plasmon wave packets to acquire geometric phases as they scatter. At boundaries, these phases accumulate allowing plasmon waves that reflect off to experience a nonreciprocal parallel shift. This plasmon Hall shift, tunable by Hall conductivity as well as plasmon wavelength, displaces the incident and reflected plasmon trajectories and can be readily probed by near-field photonics techniques. Anomalous plasmon geometric phases dramatically enrich the nanophotonics toolbox, and yield radical new means for directing plasmonic beams. 10. A system for pulse Hall effect measurements International Nuclear Information System (INIS) Orzechowski, T.; Kupczak, R. 1975-01-01 Measuring system for fast Hall-voltage changes in an n-type germanium sample irradiated at liquid nitrogen temperature with a high-energy electron-beam from the Van de Graaff accelerator is described. (author) 11. Novel optical probe for quantum Hall system Indian Academy of Sciences (India) to explore Landau levels of a two-dimensional electron gas (2DEG) in modulation doped ... Keywords. Surface photovoltage spectroscopy; quantum Hall effect; Landau levels; edge states. ... An optical fibre carries light from tunable diode laser. 12. AA under construction in its hall CERN Multimedia CERN PhotoLab 1980-01-01 The Antiproton Accumulator was installed in a specially built hall. Here we see it at an "early" stage of installation, just a few magnets on the floor, no vacuum chamber at all, but: 3 months later there was circulating beam ! 13. Elementary theory of quantum Hall effect Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden) Keshav N. Shrivastava 2008-04-01 Full Text Available The Hall effect is the generation of a current perpendicular to both the direction of the applied electric as well as magnetic field in a metal or in a semiconductor. It is used to determine the concentration of electrons. The quantum Hall effect with integer quantization was discovered by von Klitzing and fractionally charged states were found by Tsui, Stormer and Gossard. Robert Laughlin explained the quantization of Hall current by using “flux quantization” and introduced incompressibility to obtain the fractional charge. We have developed the theory of the quantum Hall effect by using the theory of angular momentum. Our predicted fractions are in accord with those measured. We emphasize our explanation of the observed phenomena. We use spin to explain the fractional charge and hence we discover spin-charge locking. 14. NAS Decadal Review Town Hall Science.gov (United States) The National Academies of Sciences, Engineering and Medicine is seeking community input for a study on the future of materials research (MR). Frontiers of Materials Research: A Decadal Survey will look at defining the frontiers of materials research ranging from traditional materials science and engineering to condensed matter physics. Please join members of the study committee for a town hall to discuss future directions for materials research in the United States in the context of worldwide efforts. In particular, input on the following topics will be of great value: progress, achievements, and principal changes in the R&D landscape over the past decade; identification of key MR areas that have major scientific gaps or offer promising investment opportunities from 2020-2030; and the challenges that MR may face over the next decade and how those challenges might be addressed. This study was requested by the Department of Energy and the National Science Foundation. The National Academies will issue a report in 2018 that will offer guidance to federal agencies that support materials research, science policymakers, and researchers in materials research and other adjoining fields. Learn more about the study at http://nas.edu/materials. 15. Are tent halls subject to property tax? Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden) Mariusz Macudziński 2016-12-01 Full Text Available The presented publication is a response to currently asked questions and interpretative doubts of taxpayers and tax authorities, namely whether tent halls are subject to property tax. General issues connected with an entity and a subject of taxation of this tax are presented herein. The answer to the question asked is then provided through the qualification of constructions works and the allocation of tent halls in the proper category of the works, with the use of the current law. 16. Fractional statistics and fractional quantized Hall effect International Nuclear Information System (INIS) Tao, R.; Wu, Y.S. 1985-01-01 The authors suggest that the origin of the odd-denominator rule observed in the fractional quantized Hall effect (FQHE) may lie in fractional statistics which govern quasiparticles in FQHE. A theorem concerning statistics of clusters of quasiparticles implies that fractional statistics do not allow coexistence of a large number of quasiparticles at fillings with an even denominator. Thus, no Hall plateau can be formed at these fillings, regardless of the presence of an energy gap. 15 references 17. L1 and L2 Distance Effects in Learning L3 Dutch Science.gov (United States) Schepens, Job J.; der Slik, Frans; Hout, Roeland 2016-01-01 Many people speak more than two languages. How do languages acquired earlier affect the learnability of additional languages? We show that linguistic distances between speakers' first (L1) and second (L2) languages and their third (L3) language play a role. Larger distances from the L1 to the L3 and from the L2 to the L3 correlate with lower… 18. The Coulomb deflection effect on the L3-subshell alignment in low-velocity proton impact ionisation International Nuclear Information System (INIS) Palinkas, J.; Schlenk, B.; Valek, A. 1981-01-01 The alignment parameter of the L 3 subshell of gold has been determined by measuring the angular distribution of the Lsub(l)/Lsub(γ) intensity ratio following proton impact ionisation in the 0.25-0.60 MeV energy range. The experimental results make it clear that the minimum of the alignment parameter at low energies found earlier for He + impact also exists in the case of proton impact ionisation. (author) 19. Transcriptomes and pathways associated with infectivity, survival and immunogenicity in Brugia malayi L3 Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden) Spiro David 2009-06-01 Full Text Available Abstract Background Filarial nematode parasites cause serious diseases such as elephantiasis and river blindness in humans, and heartworm infections in dogs. Third stage filarial larvae (L3 are a critical stage in the life cycle of filarial parasites, because this is the stage that is transmitted by arthropod vectors to initiate infections in mammals. Improved understanding of molecular mechanisms associated with this transition may provide important leads for development of new therapies and vaccines to prevent filarial infections. This study explores changes in gene expression associated with the transition of Brugia malayi third stage larvae (BmL3 from mosquitoes into mammalian hosts and how these changes are affected by radiation. Radiation effects are especially interesting because irradiated L3 induce partial immunity to filarial infections. The underlying molecular mechanisms responsible for the efficacy of such vaccines are unkown. Results Expression profiles were obtained using a new filarial microarray with 18, 104 64-mer elements. 771 genes were identified as differentially expressed in two-way comparative analyses of the three L3 types. 353 genes were up-regulated in mosquito L3 (L3i relative to cultured L3 (L3c. These genes are important for establishment of filarial infections in mammalian hosts. Other genes were up-regulated in L3c relative to L3i (234 or irradiated L3 (L3ir (22. These culture-induced transcripts include key molecules required for growth and development. 165 genes were up-regulated in L3ir relative to L3c; these genes encode highly immunogenic proteins and proteins involved in radiation repair. L3ir and L3i have similar transcription profiles for genes that encode highly immunogenic proteins, antioxidants and cuticle components. Conclusion Changes in gene expression that normally occur during culture under conditions that support L3 development and molting are prevented or delayed by radiation. This may explain 20. Tau Polarization Measurement in the L3 Detector; Medida de la polarizacion del Tau en el detector L3 Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB) Garcia, P 1996-06-01 The Polarization asymmetry (A{sub p}) measurement can be obtained from the energy spectra of the tau lepton (tau) decay products. This measurement provides a precise determination of the weak mixing angel (sin2 tilde char theta{sub w}), one of the Standard Model fundamental parameters. Tau leptons are produced at LEP in e+e-yields tilde char f interactions at a center of mass energy of the order of the Z boson mass. In order to get A{sub p} we have calculated the analytical formulae of the tau decay products energy spectra, including radiative corrections, for all of the one prong tau decay channels. We have also extended this analytical formalism to the detector level, including the selection criteria effects and the detector resolution (calibration) in the analytical expressions. Detailed studies have been performed concerning our measurement using this formalism. From the data collected with the L3 detector between 1991 and 1994, which corresponds to an integrated luminosity of 118.8 pb1 at a center of mass energy of the order of the Z mass, we have identified and selected the following tau decay channel samples: tau yields e nu tilde char nu, tau yields mu nu tilde char nu, tau yields pi/K nu y tau yields p/K*nu. From the analysis of these samples we get the tau polarization asymmetry measurement: A{sub p}=0.143+-0.014+-0.010, which corresponds to a value of sin2 tilde char theta{sub w}=0.2320+-0.0018+-0.0013. (Author) 24 refs 1. Contribution to the elaboration and implementation of LEP-L3 second level microcoded Trigger International Nuclear Information System (INIS) Chollet, F. 1988-03-01 This thesis is devoted to the elaboration of the L3 second level trigger which is based on the dedicated programmable XOP processor. This system will reduce the trigger rate by a factor of ten and will ensure that the hardwired level-one processors function correctly. The present document describes all developments that L.A.P.P. is engaged in from the system design up to the complete experimental set up, especially: - The hardware development of the fast input memories as well as the FASTBUS interface unit which allows the microprocessor XOP to run as a performant FASTBUS Master, - the associated software developments, - the implementation of a VME test system dedicated to all control tasks [fr 2. Hall effect measurement for precise sheet resistance and thickness evaluation of Ruthenium thin films using non-equidistant four-point probes Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden) Frederik Westergaard Østerberg 2018-05-01 Full Text Available We present a new micro Hall effect measurement method using non-equidistant electrodes. We show theoretically and verify experimentally that it is advantageous to use non-equidistant electrodes for samples with low Hall sheet resistance. We demonstrate the new method by experiments where Hall sheet carrier densities and Hall mobilities of Ruthenium thin films (3-30 nm are determined. The measurements show that it is possible to measure Hall mobilities as low as 1 cm2V−1s−1 with a relative standard deviation of 2-3%. We show a linear relation between measured Hall sheet carrier density and film thickness. Thus, the method can be used to monitor thickness variations of ultra-thin metal films. 3. Detection of fractional solitons in quantum spin Hall systems Science.gov (United States) Fleckenstein, C.; Traverso Ziani, N.; Trauzettel, B. 2018-03-01 We propose two experimental setups that allow for the implementation and the detection of fractional solitons of the Goldstone-Wilczek type. The first setup is based on two magnetic barriers at the edge of a quantum spin Hall system for generating the fractional soliton. If then a quantum point contact is created with the other edge, the linear conductance shows evidence of the fractional soliton. The second setup consists of a single magnetic barrier covering both edges and implementing a long quantum point contact. In this case, the fractional soliton can unambiguously be detected as a dip in the conductance without the need to control the magnetization of the barrier. 4. New approach for measuring the microwave Hall mobility of semiconductors International Nuclear Information System (INIS) Murthy, D. V. B.; Subramanian, V.; Murthy, V. R. K. 2006-01-01 Measurement of Hall mobility in semiconductor samples using bimodal cavity method gives distinct advantages due to noncontact nature as well as the provision to measure anisotropic mobility. But the measurement approaches followed till now have a disadvantage of having high error values primarily due to the problem in evaluating the calibration constant of the whole experimental arrangement. This article brings out a new approach that removes such disadvantage and presents the calibration constant with 1% accuracy. The overall error in the carrier mobility values is within 5% 5. Magnon Spin Hall Magnetoresistance of a Gapped Quantum Paramagnet Science.gov (United States) Ulloa, Camilo; Duine, R. A. 2018-04-01 Motivated by recent experimental work, we consider spin transport between a normal metal and a gapped quantum paramagnet. We model the latter as the magnonic Mott-insulating phase of an easy-plane ferromagnetic insulator. We evaluate the spin current mediated by the interface exchange coupling between the ferromagnet and the adjacent normal metal. For the strongly interacting magnons that we consider, this spin current gives rise to a spin Hall magnetoresistance that strongly depends on the magnitude of the magnetic field, rather than its direction. This Letter may motivate electrical detection of the phases of quantum magnets and the incorporation of such materials into spintronic devices. 6. 75 FR 22770 - Gary E. Hall and Rita Hall; Notice of Availability of Environmental Assessment Science.gov (United States) 2010-04-30 ... DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY Federal Energy Regulatory Commission [Project No. 13652-000-Montana] Gary E. Hall and Rita Hall; Notice of Availability of Environmental Assessment April 22, 2010. In accordance with the National Environmental Policy Act of 1969, as amended, and the Federal Energy Regulatory... 7. Experiments on Quantum Hall Topological Phases in Ultra Low Temperatures International Nuclear Information System (INIS) Du, Rui-Rui 2015-01-01 This project is to cool electrons in semiconductors to extremely low temperatures and to study new states of matter formed by low-dimensional electrons (or holes). At such low temperatures (and with an intense magnetic field), electronic behavior differs completely from ordinary ones observed at room temperatures or regular low temperature. Studies of electrons at such low temperatures would open the door for fundamental discoveries in condensed matter physics. Present studies have been focused on topological phases in the fractional quantum Hall effect in GaAs/AlGaAs semiconductor heterostructures, and the newly discovered (by this group) quantum spin Hall effect in InAs/GaSb materials. This project consists of the following components: 1) Development of efficient sample cooling techniques and electron thermometry: Our goal is to reach 1 mK electron temperature and reasonable determination of electron temperature; 2) Experiments at ultra-low temperatures: Our goal is to understand the energy scale of competing quantum phases, by measuring the temperature-dependence of transport features. Focus will be placed on such issues as the energy gap of the 5/2 state, and those of 12/5 (and possible 13/5); resistive signature of instability near 1/2 at ultra-low temperatures; 3) Measurement of the 5/2 gaps in the limit of small or large Zeeman energies: Our goal is to gain physics insight of 5/2 state at limiting experimental parameters, especially those properties concerning the spin polarization; 4) Experiments on tuning the electron-electron interaction in a screened quantum Hall system: Our goal is to gain understanding of the formation of paired fractional quantum Hall state as the interaction pseudo-potential is being modified by a nearby screening electron layer; 5) Experiments on the quantized helical edge states under a strong magnetic field and ultralow temperatures: our goal is to investigate both the bulk and edge states in a quantum spin Hall insulator under 8. Alignment following Au L_{3}photoionization by synchrotron radiation CERN Document Server Yamaoka, H; Takahiro, K; Morikawa, T; Ito, S; Mizumaki, M; Semenov, S; Cherepkov, N; Kabachnik, N M; Mukoyama, T; 10.1088/0953-4075/36/19/001 2003-01-01 The alignment of Au/sup +/ ions following L/sub 3/ photoionization has been studied using a high-resolution X-ray spectrometer. We observed a small anisotropy for the angular dependence of Au L/sub l/ and L alpha emissions. The alignment parameter A/sub 20/ derived from the experimental results is compared with theoretical calculations by Hartree-Fock approximation and random phase approximation with exchange. The contribution to the alignment of quadruple interaction is discussed. (40 refs). 9. Wendelstein 7-X Torus Hall Layout and System Integration International Nuclear Information System (INIS) Hartmann, D.; Damiani, C.; Hartfuss, H.-J.; Krampitz, R.; Neuner, U. 2006-01-01 Wendelstein 7-X is an experimental fusion device presently under construction in Greifswald, Germany, to study the stellarator concept at reactor relevant parameters und steady-state conditions. The heart of the machine consists of the torus that houses the superconducting coils and the plasma vacuum vessel. It is located nearly in the center of a 30 m x 30 m x 20 m hall. A large number of components need to be placed in close proximity of the torus to provide the system with the required means, e.g. cryogenic gases, cooling water, electricity, and to integrate it with the peripheral diagnostic and heating components. The arrangement of these components has to be supported by suitable structures, and has to be optimized to allow for installation, maintenance, and repair. In addition, space has to be provided for escape routes and for sufficient distance between components that could negatively influence each other's performance, etc. The layout of the components has been done over many years using 3D CAD software. It was based on simple geometric models of the components and of the additionally required space. Presently the layout design is being detailed and updated by replacing the original coarse models with more refined estimates or - in some cases - with as-built models. All interface requirements are carefully taken into account. Detailed routing was specified for the cryo and cooling water supply lines whose design and installation is outsourced. Due to the limited space available and severely restricted access during experimental campaigns, the requirement to put auxiliary components like electronic racks into the torus hall is being queried. The paper summarizes the present state of the component layout in the torus hall, and how the peripheral supply, diagnostics, and heating systems are integrated into the machine. (author) 10. Charge carrier coherence and Hall effect in organic semiconductors Science.gov (United States) Yi, H. T.; Gartstein, Y. N.; Podzorov, V. 2016-01-01 Hall effect measurements are important for elucidating the fundamental charge transport mechanisms and intrinsic mobility in organic semiconductors. However, Hall effect studies frequently reveal an unconventional behavior that cannot be readily explained with the simple band-semiconductor Hall effect model. Here, we develop an analytical model of Hall effect in organic field-effect transistors in a regime of coexisting band and hopping carriers. The model, which is supported by the experiments, is based on a partial Hall voltage compensation effect, occurring because hopping carriers respond to the transverse Hall electric field and drift in the direction opposite to the Lorentz force acting on band carriers. We show that this can lead in particular to an underdeveloped Hall effect observed in organic semiconductors with substantial off-diagonal thermal disorder. Our model captures the main features of Hall effect in a variety of organic semiconductors and provides an analytical description of Hall mobility, carrier density and carrier coherence factor. PMID:27025354 11. Charge carrier coherence and Hall effect in organic semiconductors. Science.gov (United States) Yi, H T; Gartstein, Y N; Podzorov, V 2016-03-30 Hall effect measurements are important for elucidating the fundamental charge transport mechanisms and intrinsic mobility in organic semiconductors. However, Hall effect studies frequently reveal an unconventional behavior that cannot be readily explained with the simple band-semiconductor Hall effect model. Here, we develop an analytical model of Hall effect in organic field-effect transistors in a regime of coexisting band and hopping carriers. The model, which is supported by the experiments, is based on a partial Hall voltage compensation effect, occurring because hopping carriers respond to the transverse Hall electric field and drift in the direction opposite to the Lorentz force acting on band carriers. We show that this can lead in particular to an underdeveloped Hall effect observed in organic semiconductors with substantial off-diagonal thermal disorder. Our model captures the main features of Hall effect in a variety of organic semiconductors and provides an analytical description of Hall mobility, carrier density and carrier coherence factor. 12. The quantum Hall effect at 5/2 filling factor International Nuclear Information System (INIS) Willett, R L 2013-01-01 Experimental discovery of a quantized Hall state at 5/2 filling factor presented an enigmatic finding in an established field of study that has remained an open issue for more than twenty years. In this review we first examine the experimental requirements for observing this state and outline the initial theoretical implications and predictions. We will then follow the chronology of experimental studies over the years and present the theoretical developments as they pertain to experiments, directed at sets of issues. These topics will include theoretical and experimental examination of the spin properties at 5/2; is the state spin polarized? What properties of the higher Landau levels promote development of the 5/2 state, what other correlation effects are observed there, and what are their interactions with the 5/2 state? The 5/2 state is not a robust example of the fractional quantum Hall effect: what experimental and material developments have allowed enhancement of the effect? Theoretical developments from initial pictures have promoted the possibility that 5/2 excitations are exceptional; do they obey non-abelian statistics? The proposed experiments to determine this and their executions in various forms will be presented: this is the heart of this review. Experimental examination of the 5/2 excitations through interference measurements will be reviewed in some detail, focusing on recent results that demonstrate consistency with the picture of non-abelian charges. The implications of this in the more general physics picture is that the 5/2 excitations, shown to be non-abelian, should exhibit the properties of Majorana operators. This will be the topic of the last review section. (review article) 13. Dr. Hall and the work cure. Science.gov (United States) Reed, Kathlyn L 2005-01-01 Herbert James Hall, MD (1870-1923), was a pioneer in the systematic and organized study of occupation as therapy for persons with nervous and mental disorders that he called the "work cure." He began his work in 1904 during the early years of the Arts and Crafts Movement in the United States. His primary interest was the disorder neurasthenia, a condition with many symptoms including chronic fatigue, stress, and inability to work or perform everyday tasks. The prevailing treatment of the day was absolute bed rest known as the "rest cure." Hall believed that neurasthenia was not caused by overwork but by faulty living habits that could be corrected through an ordered life schedule and selected occupations. He identified several principles of therapy that are still used today including graded activity and energy conservation. Dr. Adolph Meyer credits Hall for organizing the ideas on the therapeutic use of occupation (Meyer, 1922). Hall also provided the name American Occupational Therapy Association for the professional organization and served as the fourth president. For his many contributions to the profession Hall deserves to be recognized as a major contributor to the development and organization of occupational therapy. 14. A new CMOS Hall angular position sensor Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB) Popovic, R.S.; Drljaca, P. [Swiss Federal Inst. of Tech., Lausanne (Switzerland); Schott, C.; Racz, R. [SENTRON AG, Zug (Switzerland) 2001-06-01 The new angular position sensor consists of a combination of a permanent magnet attached to a shaft and of a two-axis magnetic sensor. The permanent magnet produces a magnetic field parallel with the magnetic sensor plane. As the shaft rotates, the magnetic field also rotates. The magnetic sensor is an integrated combination of a CMOS Hall integrated circuit and a thin ferromagnetic disk. The CMOS part of the system contains two or more conventional Hall devices positioned under the periphery of the disk. The ferromagnetic disk converts locally a magnetic field parallel with the chip surface into a field perpendicular to the chip surface. Therefore, a conventional Hall element can detect an external magnetic field parallel with the chip surface. As the direction of the external magnetic field rotates in the chip plane, the output voltage of the Hall element varies as the cosine of the rotation angle. By placing the Hall elements at the appropriate places under the disk periphery, we may obtain the cosine signals shifted by 90 , 120 , or by any other angle. (orig.) 15. Field theory approach to quantum hall effect International Nuclear Information System (INIS) Cabo, A.; Chaichian, M. 1990-07-01 The Fradkin's formulation of statistical field theory is applied to the Coulomb interacting electron gas in a magnetic field. The electrons are confined to a plane in normal 3D-space and also interact with the physical 3D-electromagnetic field. The magnetic translation group (MTG) Ward identities are derived. Using them it is shown that the exact electron propagator is diagonalized in the basis of the wave functions of the free electron in a magnetic field whenever the MTG is unbroken. The general tensor structure of the polarization operator is obtained and used to show that the Chern-Simons action always describes the Hall effect properties of the system. A general proof of the Streda formula for the Hall conductivity is presented. It follows that the coefficient of the Chern-Simons terms in the long-wavelength approximation is exactly given by this relation. Such a formula, expressing the Hall conductivity as a simple derivative, in combination with diagonal form of the full propagator allows to obtain a simple expressions for the filling factor and the Hall conductivity. Indeed, these results, after assuming that the chemical potential lies in a gap of the density of states, lead to the conclusion that the Hall conductivity is given without corrections by σ xy = νe 2 /h where ν is the filling factor. In addition it follows that the filling factor is independent of the magnetic field if the chemical potential remains in the gap. (author). 21 ref, 1 fig 16. Exchange magnetic field torques in YIG/Pt bilayers observed by the spin-Hall magnetoresistance NARCIS (Netherlands) Vlietstra, N.; Shan, J.; Castel, V.; Ben Youssef, J.; Bauer, G. E. W.; van Wees, B. J. 2013-01-01 The effective field torque of an yttrium-iron-garnet (YIG) film on the spin accumulation in an attached platinum (Pt) film is measured by the spin-Hall magnetoresistance (SMR). As a result, the magnetization direction of a ferromagnetic insulating layer can be measured electrically. Experimental 17. Exchange-biased planar Hall effect sensor optimized for biosensor applications DEFF Research Database (Denmark) Damsgaard, Christian Danvad; Freitas, S.C.; Freitas, P.P. 2008-01-01 This article presents experimental investigations of exchange-biased Permalloy planar Hall effect sensor crosses with a fixed active area of w x w = 40 x 40 mu m(2) and Permalloy thicknesses of t = 20, 30, and 50 nm. It is shown that a single domain model describes the system well... 18. Diagnostic Setup for Characterization of Near-Anode Processes in Hall Thrusters International Nuclear Information System (INIS) Dorf, L.; Raitses, Y.; Fisch, N.J. 2003-01-01 A diagnostic setup for characterization of near-anode processes in Hall-current plasma thrusters consisting of biased and emissive electrostatic probes, high-precision positioning system and low-noise electronic circuitry was developed and tested. Experimental results show that radial probe insertion does not cause perturbations to the discharge and therefore can be used for accurate near-anode measurements 19. Summary and evaluation: fuel dynamics loss-of-flow experiments (tests L2, L3, and L4) International Nuclear Information System (INIS) Barts, E.W.; Deitrich, L.W.; Eberhart, J.G.; Fischer, A.K.; Meek, C.C. 1975-09-01 Three similar experiments conducted to support the analyses of hypothetical LMFBR unprotected-loss-of-flow accidents are summarized and evaluated. The tests, designated L2, L3, and L4, provided experimental data against which accident-analysis codes could be compared, so as to guide further analysis and modeling of the initiating phases of the hypothetical accident. The tests were conducted using seven-pin bundles of mixed-oxide fuel pins in Mark-II flowing-sodium loops in the TREAT reactor. Test L2 used fresh fuel. Tests L3 and L4 used irradiated fuel pins having, respectively, ''intermediate-power'' (no central void) and ''high-power'' (fully developed central void) microstructure. 12 references 20. Localization in a quantum spin Hall system. Science.gov (United States) Onoda, Masaru; Avishai, Yshai; Nagaosa, Naoto 2007-02-16 The localization problem of electronic states in a two-dimensional quantum spin Hall system (that is, a symplectic ensemble with topological term) is studied by the transfer matrix method. The phase diagram in the plane of energy and disorder strength is exposed, and demonstrates "levitation" and "pair annihilation" of the domains of extended states analogous to that of the integer quantum Hall system. The critical exponent nu for the divergence of the localization length is estimated as nu congruent with 1.6, which is distinct from both exponents pertaining to the conventional symplectic and the unitary quantum Hall systems. Our analysis strongly suggests a different universality class related to the topology of the pertinent system. 1. Hall probe magnetometer for SSC magnet cables International Nuclear Information System (INIS) Cross, R.W.; Goldfarb, R.B. 1991-01-01 The authors of this paper constructed a Hall probe magnetometer to measure the magnetization hysteresis loops of Superconducting Super Collider magnet cables. The instrument uses two Hall-effect field sensors to measure the applied field H and the magnetic induction B. Magnetization M is calculated from the difference of the two quantities. The Hall probes are centered coaxially in the bore of a superconducting solenoid with the B probe against the sample's broad surface. An alternative probe arrangement, in which M is measured directly, aligns the sample probe parallel to the field. The authors measured M as a function of H and field cycle rate both with and without a dc transport current. Flux creep as a function of current was measured from the dependence of ac loss on the cycling rate and from the decay of magnetization with time. Transport currents up to 20% of the critical current have minimal effect on magnetization and flux creep 2. Analytical theory and possible detection of the ac quantum spin Hall effect. Science.gov (United States) Deng, W Y; Ren, Y J; Lin, Z X; Shen, R; Sheng, L; Sheng, D N; Xing, D Y 2017-07-11 We develop an analytical theory of the low-frequency ac quantum spin Hall (QSH) effect based upon the scattering matrix formalism. It is shown that the ac QSH effect can be interpreted as a bulk quantum pumping effect. When the electron spin is conserved, the integer-quantized ac spin Hall conductivity can be linked to the winding numbers of the reflection matrices in the electrodes, which also equal to the bulk spin Chern numbers of the QSH material. Furthermore, a possible experimental scheme by using ferromagnetic metals as electrodes is proposed to detect the topological ac spin current by electrical means. 3. Local orbitals approach to the anomalous Hall and Nernst effects in itinerant ferromagnets Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden) Středa Pavel 2014-07-01 Full Text Available Linear response of the orbital momentum to the gradient of the chemical potential is used to obtain anomalous Hall conductivity. Transition from the ideal Bloch system for which the conductivity is determined by the Berry phase curvatures to the case of strong disorder for which the conductivity becomes dependent on the relaxation time is analysed. Presented tight-binding model reproduces experimentally observed qualitative features of the anomalous Hall conductivity and the transverse Peltier coefficient in the so called bad-metal and scattering-independent regimes. 4. Developments in Scanning Hall Probe Microscopy Science.gov (United States) Chouinard, Taras; Chu, Ricky; David, Nigel; Broun, David 2009-05-01 Low temperature scanning Hall probe microscopy is a sensitive means of imaging magnetic structures with high spatial resolution and magnetic flux sensitivity approaching that of a Superconducting Quantum Interference Device. We have developed a scanning Hall probe microscope with novel features, including highly reliable coarse positioning, in situ optimization of sensor-sample alignment and capacitive transducers for linear, long range positioning measurement. This has been motivated by the need to reposition accurately above fabricated nanostructures such as small superconducting rings. Details of the design and performance will be presented as well as recent progress towards time-resolved measurements with sub nanosecond resolution. 5. Enhanced Performance of Cylindrical Hall Thrusters International Nuclear Information System (INIS) Raitses, Y.; Smirnov, A.; Fisch, N.J. 2007-01-01 The cylindrical thruster differs significantly in its underlying physical mechanisms from the conventional annular Hall thruster. It features high ionization efficiency, quiet operation, ion acceleration in a large volume-to-surface ratio channel, and performance comparable with the state-of-the-art conventional Hall thrusters. Very significant plume narrowing, accompanied by the increase of the energetic ion fraction and improvement of ion focusing, led to 50-60% increase of the thruster anode efficiency. These improvements were achieved by overrunning the discharge current in the magnetized thruster plasma 6. Prototype dining hall energy efficiency study Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB) Mazzucchi, R.P.; Bailey, S.A.; Zimmerman, P.W. 1988-06-01 The energy consumption of food service facilities is among the highest of any commercial building type, owing to the special requirements for food preparation, sanitation, and ventilation. Consequently, the US Air Force Engineering and Services Center (AFESC) contracted with Pacific Northwest Laboratory (PNL) to collect and analyze end-use energy consumption data for a prototypical dining hall and make specific recommendations on cost-effective energy conservation options. This information will be used to establish or update criteria for dining hall designs and retrofits as appropriate. 6 refs., 21 figs., 23 tabs. 7. Acoustics in rock and pop music halls DEFF Research Database (Denmark) Larsen, Niels Werner; Thompson, Eric Robert; Gade, Anders Christian 2007-01-01 The existing body of literature regarding the acoustic design of concert halls has focused almost exclusively on classical music, although there are many more performances of rhythmic music, including rock and pop. Objective measurements were made of the acoustics of twenty rock music venues...... in Denmark and a questionnaire was used in a subjective assessment of those venues with professional rock musicians and sound engineers. Correlations between the objective and subjective results lead, among others, to a recommendation for reverberation time as a function of hall volume. Since the bass... 8. Proton knock-out in Hall A International Nuclear Information System (INIS) Jager, K. de 2003-01-01 Proton knock-out is studied in a broad program in Hall A at Jefferson Lab. The first experiment performed in Hall A studied the 16 O(e,e'p) reaction. Since then proton knock-out experiments have studied a variety of aspects of that reaction, from single-nucleon properties to its mechanism, such as final-state interactions and two-body currents, in nuclei from 2 H to 16 O. In this review the accomplishments of this program will be summarized and an outlook given of expected future results. (orig.) 9. Theory of fractional quantum Hall effect International Nuclear Information System (INIS) Kostadinov, I.Z. 1984-09-01 A theory of the fractional quantum Hall effect is constructed by introducing 3-particle interactions breaking the symmetry for ν=1/3 according to a degeneracy theorem proved here. An order parameter is introduced and a gap in the single particle spectrum is found. The critical temperature, critical filling number and critical behaviour are determined as well as the Ginzburg-Landau equation coefficients. A first principle calculation of the Hall current is given. 3, 5, 7 electron tunneling and Josephson interference effects are predicted. (author) 10. Hall effect driven by non-collinear magnetic polarons in diluted magnetic semiconductors Science.gov (United States) Denisov, K. S.; Averkiev, N. S. 2018-04-01 In this letter, we develop the theory of Hall effect driven by non-collinear magnetic textures (topological Hall effect—THE) in diluted magnetic semiconductors (DMSs). We show that a carrier spin-orbit interaction induces a chiral magnetic ordering inside a bound magnetic polaron (BMP). The inner structure of non-collinear BMP is controlled by the type of spin-orbit coupling, allowing us to create skyrmion- (Rashba) or antiskyrmion-like (Dresselhaus) configurations. The asymmetric scattering of itinerant carriers on polarons leads to the Hall response which exists in weak external magnetic fields and at low temperatures. We point out that DMS-based systems allow one to investigate experimentally the dependence of THE both on a carrier spin polarization and on a non-collinear magnetic texture shape. 11. Engineering the quantum anomalous Hall effect in graphene with uniaxial strains Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB) Diniz, G. S., E-mail: ginetom@gmail.com; Guassi, M. R. [Institute of Physics, University of Brasília, 70919-970 Brasília-DF (Brazil); Qu, F. [Institute of Physics, University of Brasília, 70919-970 Brasília-DF (Brazil); Department of Physics, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712 (United States) 2013-12-28 We theoretically investigate the manipulation of the quantum anomalous Hall effect (QAHE) in graphene by means of the uniaxial strain. The values of Chern number and Hall conductance demonstrate that the strained graphene in presence of Rashba spin-orbit coupling and exchange field, for vanishing intrinsic spin-orbit coupling, possesses non-trivial topological phase, which is robust against the direction and modulus of the strain. Besides, we also find that the interplay between Rashba and intrinsic spin-orbit couplings results in a topological phase transition in the strained graphene. Remarkably, as the strain strength is increased beyond approximately 7%, the critical parameters of the exchange field for triggering the quantum anomalous Hall phase transition show distinct behaviors—decrease (increase) for strains along zigzag (armchair) direction. Our findings open up a new platform for manipulation of the QAHE by an experimentally accessible strain deformation of the graphene structure, with promising application on novel quantum electronic devices with high efficiency. 12. Engineering the quantum anomalous Hall effect in graphene with uniaxial strains International Nuclear Information System (INIS) Diniz, G. S.; Guassi, M. R.; Qu, F. 2013-01-01 We theoretically investigate the manipulation of the quantum anomalous Hall effect (QAHE) in graphene by means of the uniaxial strain. The values of Chern number and Hall conductance demonstrate that the strained graphene in presence of Rashba spin-orbit coupling and exchange field, for vanishing intrinsic spin-orbit coupling, possesses non-trivial topological phase, which is robust against the direction and modulus of the strain. Besides, we also find that the interplay between Rashba and intrinsic spin-orbit couplings results in a topological phase transition in the strained graphene. Remarkably, as the strain strength is increased beyond approximately 7%, the critical parameters of the exchange field for triggering the quantum anomalous Hall phase transition show distinct behaviors—decrease (increase) for strains along zigzag (armchair) direction. Our findings open up a new platform for manipulation of the QAHE by an experimentally accessible strain deformation of the graphene structure, with promising application on novel quantum electronic devices with high efficiency 13. Voltage transients in thin-film InSb Hall sensor Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden) Alexey Bardin Full Text Available The work is reached to study temperature transients in thin-film Hall sensors. We experimentally study InSb thin-film Hall sensor. We find transients of voltage with amplitude about 10 μV on the sensor ports after current switching. We demonstrate by direct measurements that the transients is caused by thermo-e.m.f., and both non-stationarity and heterogeneity of temperature in the film. We find significant asymmetry of temperature field for different direction of the current, which is probably related to Peltier effect. The result can be useful for wide range of scientist who works with switching of high density currents in any thin semiconductor films. 2000 MSC: 41A05, 41A10, 65D05, 65D17, Keywords: Thin-films, Semiconductors, Hall sensor, InSb, thermo-e.m.f. 14. Quantum Hall states of atomic Bose gases: Density profiles in single-layer and multilayer geometries International Nuclear Information System (INIS) Cooper, N. R.; Lankvelt, F. J. M. van; Reijnders, J. W.; Schoutens, K. 2005-01-01 We describe the density profiles of confined atomic Bose gases in the high-rotation limit, in single-layer and multilayer geometries. We show that, in a local-density approximation, the density in a single layer shows a landscape of quantized steps due to the formation of incompressible liquids, which are analogous to fractional quantum Hall liquids for a two-dimensional electron gas in a strong magnetic field. In a multilayered setup we find different phases, depending on the strength of the interlayer tunneling t. We discuss the situation where a vortex lattice in the three-dimensional condensate (at large tunneling) undergoes quantum melting at a critical tunneling t c 1 . For tunneling well below t c 1 one expects weakly coupled or isolated layers, each exhibiting a landscape of quantum Hall liquids. After expansion, this gives a radial density distribution with characteristic features (cusps) that provide experimental signatures of the quantum Hall liquids 15. Parity effect of bipolar quantum Hall edge transport around graphene antidots. Science.gov (United States) Matsuo, Sadashige; Nakaharai, Shu; Komatsu, Katsuyoshi; Tsukagoshi, Kazuhito; Moriyama, Takahiro; Ono, Teruo; Kobayashi, Kensuke 2015-06-30 Parity effect, which means that even-odd property of an integer physical parameter results in an essential difference, ubiquitously appears and enables us to grasp its physical essence as the microscopic mechanism is less significant in coarse graining. Here we report a new parity effect of quantum Hall edge transport in graphene antidot devices with pn junctions (PNJs). We found and experimentally verified that the bipolar quantum Hall edge transport is drastically affected by the parity of the number of PNJs. This parity effect is universal in bipolar quantum Hall edge transport of not only graphene but also massless Dirac electron systems. These results offer a promising way to design electron interferometers in graphene. 16. Hall MHD Modeling of Two-dimensional Reconnection: Application to MRX Experiment International Nuclear Information System (INIS) Lukin, V.S.; Jardin, S.C. 2003-01-01 Two-dimensional resistive Hall magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) code is used to investigate the dynamical evolution of driven reconnection in the Magnetic Reconnection Experiment (MRX). The initial conditions and dimensionless parameters of the simulation are set to be similar to the experimental values. We successfully reproduce many features of the time evolution of magnetic configurations for both co- and counter-helicity reconnection in MRX. The Hall effect is shown to be important during the early dynamic X-phase of MRX reconnection, while effectively negligible during the late ''steady-state'' Y-phase, when plasma heating takes place. Based on simple symmetry considerations, an experiment to directly measure the Hall effect in MRX configuration is proposed and numerical evidence for the expected outcome is given 17. Giant Planar Hall Effect in the Dirac Semimetal ZrTe5 KAUST Repository Li, Peng 2018-03-03 Exploration and understanding of exotic topics in quantum physics such as Dirac and Weyl semimetals have become highly popular in the area of condensed matter. It has recently been predicted that a theoretical giant planar Hall effect can be induced by a chiral anomaly in Dirac and Weyl semimetals. ZrTe5 is considered an intriguing Dirac semimetal at the boundary of weak and strong topological insulators, though this claim is still controversial. In this study, we report the observation in ZrTe5 of giant planar Hall resistivity. We have also noted three different dependences of this resistivity on the magnetic field, as predicted by theory, maximum planar Hall resistivity occurs at the Lifshitz transition temperature. In addition, we have discovered a nontrivial Berry phase, as well as a chiral-anomaly-induced negative longitudinal and a giant in-plane anisotropic magnetoresistance. All these experimental observations coherently demonstrate that ZrTe5 is a Dirac semimetal. 18. Nonlinear response of the quantum Hall system to a strong electromagnetic radiation International Nuclear Information System (INIS) Avetissian, H.K.; Mkrtchian, G.F. 2016-01-01 We study nonlinear response of a quantum Hall system in semiconductor-hetero-structures via third harmonic generation process and nonlinear Faraday effect. We demonstrate that Faraday rotation angle and third harmonic radiation intensity have a characteristic Hall plateaus feature. These nonlinear effects remain robust against the significant broadening of Landau levels. We predict realization of an experiment through the observation of the third harmonic signal and Faraday rotation angle, which are within the experimental feasibility. - Highlights: • Nonlinear optical response of a quantum Hall system has specific plateaus feature. • This effect remains robust against the significant broadening of Landau levels. • It can be observed via the third harmonic signal and the nonlinear Faraday effect. 19. Covariant Conservation Laws and the Spin Hall Effect in Dirac-Rashba Systems Science.gov (United States) Milletarı, Mirco; Offidani, Manuel; Ferreira, Aires; Raimondi, Roberto 2017-12-01 We present a theoretical analysis of two-dimensional Dirac-Rashba systems in the presence of disorder and external perturbations. We unveil a set of exact symmetry relations (Ward identities) that impose strong constraints on the spin dynamics of Dirac fermions subject to proximity-induced interactions. This allows us to demonstrate that an arbitrary dilute concentration of scalar impurities results in the total suppression of nonequilibrium spin Hall currents when only Rashba spin-orbit coupling is present. Remarkably, a finite spin Hall conductivity is restored when the minimal Dirac-Rashba model is supplemented with a spin-valley interaction. The Ward identities provide a systematic way to predict the emergence of the spin Hall effect in a wider class of Dirac-Rashba systems of experimental relevance and represent an important benchmark for testing the validity of numerical methodologies. 20. A review of the quantum Hall effects in MgZnO/ZnO heterostructures Science.gov (United States) Falson, Joseph; Kawasaki, Masashi 2018-05-01 This review visits recent experimental efforts on high mobility two-dimensional electron systems (2DES) hosted at the Mg x Zn1-x O/ZnO heterointerface. We begin with the growth of these samples, and highlight the key characteristics of ozone-assisted molecular beam epitaxy required for their production. The transport characteristics of these structures are found to rival that of traditional semiconductor material systems, as signified by the high electron mobility (μ > 1000 000 cm2 Vs‑1) and rich quantum Hall features. Owing to a large effective mass and small dielectric constant, interaction effects are an order of magnitude stronger in comparison with the well studied GaAs-based 2DES. The strong correlation physics results in robust Fermi-liquid renormalization of the effective mass and spin susceptibility of carriers, which in turn dictates the parameter space for the quantum Hall effect. Finally, we explore the quantum Hall effect with a particular emphasis on the spin degree of freedom of carriers, and how their large spin splitting allows control of the ground states encountered at ultra-low temperatures within the fractional quantum Hall regime. We discuss in detail the physics of even-denominator fractional quantum Hall states, whose observation and underlying character remain elusive and exotic. 1. AdS/QHE: towards a holographic description of quantum Hall experiments International Nuclear Information System (INIS) Bayntun, Allan; Burgess, C P; Lee, Sung-Sik; Dolan, Brian P 2011-01-01 Transitions among quantum Hall plateaux share a suite of remarkable experimental features, such as semicircle laws and duality relations, whose accuracy and robustness are difficult to explain directly in terms of the detailed dynamics of the microscopic electrons. They would naturally follow if the low-energy transport properties were governed by an emergent discrete duality group relating the different plateaux, but no explicit examples of interacting systems having such a group are known. Recent progress using the AdS/CFT correspondence has identified examples with similar duality groups, but without the dc ohmic conductivity characteristic of quantum Hall experiments. We use this to propose a simple holographic model for low-energy quantum Hall systems, with a nonzero dc conductivity that automatically exhibits all of the observed consequences of duality, including the existence of the plateaux and the semicircle transitions between them. The model can be regarded as a strongly coupled analogue of the old 'composite boson' picture of quantum Hall systems. Non-universal features of the model can be used to test whether it describes actual materials, and we comment on some of these in our proposed model. In particular, the model indicates the value 2/5 for low-temperature scaling exponents for transitions among quantum Hall plateaux, in agreement with the measured value 0.42±0.01. 2. Hepatic CREB3L3 controls whole-body energy homeostasis and improves obesity and diabetes. Science.gov (United States) Nakagawa, Yoshimi; Satoh, Aoi; Yabe, Sachiko; Furusawa, Mika; Tokushige, Naoko; Tezuka, Hitomi; Mikami, Motoki; Iwata, Wakiko; Shingyouchi, Akiko; Matsuzaka, Takashi; Kiwata, Shiori; Fujimoto, Yuri; Shimizu, Hidehisa; Danno, Hirosuke; Yamamoto, Takashi; Ishii, Kiyoaki; Karasawa, Tadayoshi; Takeuchi, Yoshinori; Iwasaki, Hitoshi; Shimada, Masako; Kawakami, Yasushi; Urayama, Osamu; Sone, Hirohito; Takekoshi, Kazuhiro; Kobayashi, Kazuto; Yatoh, Shigeru; Takahashi, Akimitsu; Yahagi, Naoya; Suzuki, Hiroaki; Yamada, Nobuhiro; Shimano, Hitoshi 2014-12-01 Transcriptional regulation of metabolic genes in the liver is the key to maintaining systemic energy homeostasis during starvation. The membrane-bound transcription factor cAMP-responsive element-binding protein 3-like 3 (CREB3L3) has been reported to be activated during fasting and to regulate triglyceride metabolism. Here, we show that CREB3L3 confers a wide spectrum of metabolic responses to starvation in vivo. Adenoviral and transgenic overexpression of nuclear CREB3L3 induced systemic lipolysis, hepatic ketogenesis, and insulin sensitivity with increased energy expenditure, leading to marked reduction in body weight, plasma lipid levels, and glucose levels. CREB3L3 overexpression activated gene expression levels and plasma levels of antidiabetic hormones, including fibroblast growth factor 21 and IGF-binding protein 2. Amelioration of diabetes by hepatic activation of CREB3L3 was also observed in several types of diabetic obese mice. Nuclear CREB3L3 mutually activates the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) α promoter in an autoloop fashion and is crucial for the ligand transactivation of PPARα by interacting with its transcriptional regulator, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator-1α. CREB3L3 directly and indirectly controls fibroblast growth factor 21 expression and its plasma level, which contributes at least partially to the catabolic effects of CREB3L3 on systemic energy homeostasis in the entire body. Therefore, CREB3L3 is a therapeutic target for obesity and diabetes. 3. Hall MHD Stability and Turbulence in Magnetically Accelerated Plasmas Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB) H. R. Strauss 2012-11-27 The object of the research was to develop theory and carry out simulations of the Z pinch and plasma opening switch (POS), and compare with experimental results. In the case of the Z pinch, there was experimental evidence of ion kinetic energy greatly in excess of the ion thermal energy. It was thought that this was perhaps due to fine scale turbulence. The simulations showed that the ion energy was predominantly laminar, not turbulent. Preliminary studies of a new Z pinch experiment with an axial magnetic field were carried out. The axial magnetic is relevant to magneto - inertial fusion. These studies indicate the axial magnetic field makes the Z pinch more turbulent. Results were also obtained on Hall magnetohydrodynamic instability of the POS. 4. Synthetic Topological Qubits in Conventional Bilayer Quantum Hall Systems Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden) Maissam Barkeshli 2014-11-01 Full Text Available The idea of topological quantum computation is to build powerful and robust quantum computers with certain macroscopic quantum states of matter called topologically ordered states. These systems have degenerate ground states that can be used as robust “topological qubits” to store and process quantum information. In this paper, we propose a new experimental setup that can realize topological qubits in a simple bilayer fractional quantum Hall system with proper electric gate configurations. Our proposal is accessible with current experimental techniques, involves well-established topological states, and, moreover, can realize a large class of topological qubits, generalizing the Majorana zero modes studied in recent literature to more computationally powerful possibilities. We propose three tunneling and interferometry experiments to detect the existence and nonlocal topological properties of the topological qubits. 5. Bound values for Hall conductivity of heterogeneous medium under ... Indian Academy of Sciences (India) - ditions in inhomogeneous medium has been studied. It is shown that bound values for. Hall conductivity differ from bound values for metallic conductivity. This is due to the unusual character of current percolation under quantum Hall effect ... 6. A Small Modular Laboratory Hall Effect Thruster Science.gov (United States) Lee, Ty Davis Electric propulsion technologies promise to revolutionize access to space, opening the door for mission concepts unfeasible by traditional propulsion methods alone. The Hall effect thruster is a relatively high thrust, moderate specific impulse electric propulsion device that belongs to the class of electrostatic thrusters. Hall effect thrusters benefit from an extensive flight history, and offer significant performance and cost advantages when compared to other forms of electric propulsion. Ongoing research on these devices includes the investigation of mechanisms that tend to decrease overall thruster efficiency, as well as the development of new techniques to extend operational lifetimes. This thesis is primarily concerned with the design and construction of a Small Modular Laboratory Hall Effect Thruster (SMLHET), and its operation on argon propellant gas. Particular attention was addressed at low-cost, modular design principles, that would facilitate simple replacement and modification of key thruster parts such as the magnetic circuit and discharge channel. This capability is intended to facilitate future studies of device physics such as anomalous electron transport and magnetic shielding of the channel walls, that have an impact on thruster performance and life. Preliminary results demonstrate SMLHET running on argon in a manner characteristic of Hall effect thrusters, additionally a power balance method was utilized to estimate thruster performance. It is expected that future thruster studies utilizing heavier though more expensive gases like xenon or krypton, will observe increased efficiency and stability. 7. June 1992 Hall B collaboation meeting International Nuclear Information System (INIS) Dennis, L. 1992-01-01 The Hall B collaboration meeting at the CEBAF 1992 Summer Workshop consisted of technical and physics working group meetings, a special beam line devices working group meeting the first meeting of the membership committee, a technical representatives meeting and a full collaboration meeting. Highlights of these meetings are presented in this report 8. Chapin Hall Projects and Publications. Autumn 1999. Science.gov (United States) Chicago Univ., IL. Chapin Hall Center for Children. This guide chronicles the ongoing work and writings of the Chapin Hall Center for Children at the University of Chicago, a policy research center dedicated to bringing sound information, rigorous analyses, innovative ideas, and an independent, multidisciplinary perspective to bear on policies and programs affecting children. This guide, organized… 9. Quantum Hall Conductivity and Topological Invariants Science.gov (United States) Reyes, Andres 2001-04-01 A short survey of the theory of the Quantum Hall effect is given emphasizing topological aspects of the quantization of the conductivity and showing how topological invariants can be derived from the hamiltonian. We express these invariants in terms of Chern numbers and show in precise mathematical terms how this relates to the Kubo formula. 10. Room acoustic properties of concert halls DEFF Research Database (Denmark) Gade, Anders Christian 1996-01-01 A large database of values of various room acoustic parameters has provided the basis for statistical analyses of how and how much the acoustic properties of concert halls are influenced by their size, shape, and absorption area (as deduced from measured reverberation time). The data have been... 11. Pseudospin anisotropy classification of quantum Hall ferromagnets Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database Jungwirth, Tomáš; MacDonald, A. H. 2000-01-01 Roč. 63, č. 3 (2000), s. 035305-1 - 035305-9 ISSN 0163-1829 R&D Projects: GA ČR GA202/98/0085 Institutional research plan: CEZ:AV0Z1010914 Keywords : quantum Hall ferromagnets * anisotropy Subject RIV: BM - Solid Matter Physics ; Magnetism Impact factor: 3.065, year: 2000 12. Anomalous Hall effect in disordered multiband metals Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database Kovalev, A.A.; Sinova, Jairo; Tserkovnyak, Y. 2010-01-01 Roč. 105, č. 3 (2010), 036601/1-036601/4 ISSN 0031-9007 Institutional research plan: CEZ:AV0Z10100521 Keywords : anomalous Hall effect * spintronics Subject RIV: BM - Solid Matter Physics ; Magnetism Impact factor: 7.621, year: 2010 13. Anomalous Hall conductivity: Local orbitals approach Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database Středa, Pavel 2010-01-01 Roč. 82, č. 4 (2010), 045115/1-045115/9 ISSN 1098-0121 Institutional research plan: CEZ:AV0Z10100521 Keywords : anomalous Hall effect * Berry phase correction * orbital polarization momentum Subject RIV: BM - Solid Matter Physics ; Magnetism Impact factor: 3.772, year: 2010 14. Quantization and hall effect: necessities and difficulties International Nuclear Information System (INIS) Ahmed Bouketir; Hishamuddin Zainuddin 1999-01-01 The quantization procedure is a necessary tool for a proper understanding of many interesting quantum phenomena in modern physics. In this note, we focus on geometrical framework for such procedures, particularly the group-theoretic approach and their difficulties. Finally we look through the example of Hall effect as a quantized macroscopic phenomenon with group-theoretic quantization approach. (author) 15. Prospect of quantum anomalous Hall and quantum spin Hall effect in doped kagome lattice Mott insulators. Science.gov (United States) Guterding, Daniel; Jeschke, Harald O; Valentí, Roser 2016-05-17 Electronic states with non-trivial topology host a number of novel phenomena with potential for revolutionizing information technology. The quantum anomalous Hall effect provides spin-polarized dissipation-free transport of electrons, while the quantum spin Hall effect in combination with superconductivity has been proposed as the basis for realizing decoherence-free quantum computing. We introduce a new strategy for realizing these effects, namely by hole and electron doping kagome lattice Mott insulators through, for instance, chemical substitution. As an example, we apply this new approach to the natural mineral herbertsmithite. We prove the feasibility of the proposed modifications by performing ab-initio density functional theory calculations and demonstrate the occurrence of the predicted effects using realistic models. Our results herald a new family of quantum anomalous Hall and quantum spin Hall insulators at affordable energy/temperature scales based on kagome lattices of transition metal ions. 16. TRIPOLI calculation of the neutron field in the hall of the SILENE reactor International Nuclear Information System (INIS) Bourdet, L. 1986-05-01 This study concerns the utilization of the experimental reactor SILENE as radiation source. Its aim is to get a theoretical estimation of the neutron field characteristics in different points of the irradiation hall (spectra, fluences, equivalents of biological doses and reaction yields). These estimations are compared to results obtained by several experimental techniques; they allow to know better this neutron field with or without lead shield [fr 17. Digital technology impacts on the Arnhem transfer hall structural design NARCIS (Netherlands) Van de Straat, R.; Hofman, S.; Coenders, J.L.; Paul, J.C. 2015-01-01 The new Transfer Hall in Arnhem is one of the key projects to prepare the Dutch railways for the increased future demands for capacity. UNStudio developed a master plan in 1996 for the station area of which the completion of the Transfer Hall in 2015 will be a final milestone. The Transfer Hall is a 18. Magnetoresistance in quantum Hall metals due to Pancharatnam ... Indian Academy of Sciences (India) Abstract. We derive the trial Hall resistance formula for the quantum Hall metals to address both the integer and fractional quantum Hall effects. Within the degenerate (and crossed) Landau levels, and in the presence of changing magnetic field strength, one can invoke two physical processes responsible for the electron ... 19. Destruction of the fractional quantum Hall effect by disorder International Nuclear Information System (INIS) Laughlin, R.B. 1985-07-01 It is suggested that Hall steps in the fractional quantum Hall effect are physically similar to those in the ordinary quantum Hall effect. This proposition leads to a simple scaling diagram containing a new type of fixed point, which is identified with the destruction of the fractional states by disorder. 15 refs., 3 figs 20. A Hall probe technique for characterizing high-temperature superconductors International Nuclear Information System (INIS) Zhang, J.; Sheldon, P.; Ahrenkiel, R.K. 1992-01-01 Thin-film GaAs Hall probes were fabricated by molecular beam epitaxy technology. A contactless technique was developed to characterize thin-film, high-temperature superconducting (HTSC) materials. The Hall probes detected the ac magnetic flux penetration through the high-temperature superconducting materials. The Hall detector has advantages over the mutual inductance magnetic flux detector 1. Spin-singlet hierarchy in the fractional quantum Hall effect OpenAIRE Ino, Kazusumi 1999-01-01 We show that the so-called permanent quantum Hall states are formed by the integer quantum Hall effects on the Haldane-Rezayi quantum Hall state. Novel conformal field theory description along with this picture is deduced. The odd denominator plateaux observed around\ 2. Bacillus licheniformis BlaR1 L3 Loop Is a Zinc Metalloprotease Activated by Self-Proteolysis Science.gov (United States) Sépulchre, Jérémy; Amoroso, Ana; Joris, Bernard 2012-01-01 In Bacillus licheniformis 749/I, BlaP β-lactamase is induced by the presence of a β-lactam antibiotic outside the cell. The first step in the induction mechanism is the detection of the antibiotic by the membrane-bound penicillin receptor BlaR1 that is composed of two functional domains: a carboxy-terminal domain exposed outside the cell, which acts as a penicillin sensor, and an amino-terminal domain anchored to the cytoplasmic membrane, which works as a transducer-transmitter. The acylation of BlaR1 sensor domain by the antibiotic generates an intramolecular signal that leads to the activation of the L3 cytoplasmic loop of the transmitter by a single-point cleavage. The exact mechanism of L3 activation and the nature of the secondary cytoplasmic signal launched by the activated transmitter remain unknown. However, these two events seem to be linked to the presence of a HEXXH zinc binding motif of neutral zinc metallopeptidases. By different experimental approaches, we demonstrated that the L3 loop binds zinc ion, belongs to Gluzincin metallopeptidase superfamily and is activated by self-proteolysis. PMID:22623956 3. Subsidence of the pit slab at SLC experimental hall International Nuclear Information System (INIS) Inaba, J.; Himeno, Yoichi; Katsura, Yutaka 1992-01-01 Detectors installed at particle accelerator facilities are quite heavy, weighing thousands of tons. On the other hand, ground subsidence caused by the installation of a detector adversely affects the beam line alignment of the collider. It becomes, therefore, very important to figure out the expected amount of ground settlement by means of adequate evaluation methods in advance. At Stanford Linear Accelerator Center (SLAC), a 1700 mT (metric tons) Mark II detector was replaced with a 4000 mT SLD detector in Stanford Linear Collider (SLC). The exchange started in December 1990 and lasted until March 1991, and the amount of ground settlement was measured by SLAC during that period. We performed simulation studies to evaluate the subsidence of the pit slab using several analysis methods. Parameters used for the analyses were decided based on the information of the SLC structure and the ground conditions at the SLAC area. The objective of this study is to verify the applicability of several simulation methods by comparing the analytical results with the actual subsidence data obtained by SLAC 4. Simulations of Hall reconnection in partially ionized plasmas Science.gov (United States) Innocenti, Maria Elena; Jiang, Wei; Lapenta, Giovanni 2017-04-01 Magnetic reconnection occurs in the Hall, partially ionized regime in environments as diverse as molecular clouds, protostellar disks and regions of the solar chromosphere. While much is known about Hall reconnection in fully ionized plasmas, Hall reconnection in partially ionized plasmas is, in comparison, still relatively unexplored. This notwithstanding the fact that partial ionization is expected to affect fundamental processes in reconnection such as the transition from the slow, fluid to the fast, kinetic regime, the value of the reconnection rate and the dimensions of the diffusion regions [Malyshkin and Zweibel 2011 , Zweibel et al. 2011]. We present here the first, to our knowledge, fully kinetic simulations of Hall reconnection in partially ionized plasmas. The interaction of electrons and ions with the neutral background is realistically modelled via a Monte Carlo plug-in coded into the semi-implicit, fully kinetic code iPic3D [Markidis 2010]. We simulate a plasma with parameters compatible with the MRX experiments illustrated in Zweibel et al. 2011 and Lawrence et al. 2013, to be able to compare our simulation results with actual experiments. The gas and ion temperature is T=3 eV, the ion to electron temperature ratio is Tr=0.44, ion and electron thermal velocities are calculated accordingly resorting to a reduced mass ratio and a reduced value of the speed of light to reduce the computational costs of the simulations. The initial density of the plasma is set at n= 1.1 1014 cm-3 and is then left free to change during the simulation as a result of gas-plasma interaction. A set of simulations with initial ionisation percentage IP= 0.01, 0.1, 0.2, 0.6 is presented and compared with a reference simulation where no background gas is present (full ionization). In this first set of simulations, we assume to be able to externally control the initial relative densities of gas and plasma. Within this parameter range, the ion but not the electron population is 5. The Bilingual Advantage in L3 Learning: A Developmental Study of Rhotic Sounds Science.gov (United States) Kopecková, Romana 2016-01-01 Facilitative effects of bilingualism on general aspects of third language (L3) proficiency have been demonstrated in numerous studies conducted in bilingual communities and classrooms around the world. When it comes to L3 phonology, however, empirical evidence has been scarce and inconclusive in respect to the question of whether and/or how… 6. Quantum Hall bilayers and the chiral sine-Gordon equation International Nuclear Information System (INIS) Naud, J.D.; Pryadko, Leonid P.; Sondhi, S.L. 2000-01-01 The edge state theory of a class of symmetric double-layer quantum Hall systems with interlayer electron tunneling reduces to the sum of a free field theory and a field theory of a chiral Bose field with a self-interaction of the sine-Gordon form. We argue that the perturbative renormalization group flow of this chiral sine-Gordon theory is distinct from the standard (non-chiral) sine-Gordon theory, contrary to a previous assertion by Renn, and that the theory is manifestly sensible only at a discrete set of values of the inverse period of the cosine interaction (β-circumflex). We obtain exact solutions for the spectra and correlation functions of the chiral sine-Gordon theory at the two values of β-circumflex at which electron tunneling in bilayers is not irrelevant. Of these, the marginal case (β-circumflex 2 =4) is of greatest interest: the spectrum of the interacting theory is that of two Majorana fermions with different, dynamically generated, velocities. For the experimentally observed bilayer 331 state at filling factor 1/2, this implies the trifurcation of electrons added to the edge. We also present a method for fermionizing the theory at the discrete points (β-circumflex 2 is an element of Z + ) by the introduction of auxiliary degrees of freedom that could prove useful in other problems involving quantum Hall multi-layers 7. Xenon spectator and diagram L3-M4,5M4,5 Auger intensities near the L3 threshold International Nuclear Information System (INIS) Armen, G.B.; Levin, J.C.; Southworth, S.H.; LeBrun, T.; Arp, U.; MacDonald, M.A. 1997-01-01 Calculations based on the theory of radiationless resonant Raman scattering are employed in the interpretation of new XeL 3 -M 4,5 M 4,5 Auger spectra recorded using synchrotron radiation tuned to energies across the L 3 edge. Fits of theoretical line shapes to the spectra are employed in separating intensities due to nd spectator (resonant) and diagram Auger processes. Near-threshold Auger intensity, previously attributed to diagram decay, is found to be due to the large-n spectator lines that result from postcollision-interaction endash induced open-quotes recaptureclose quotes of threshold photoelectrons to nd orbitals. copyright 1997 The American Physical Society 8. Valence determination of rare earth elements in lanthanide silicates by L 3-XANES spectroscopy International Nuclear Information System (INIS) Kravtsova, Antonina N; Guda, Alexander A; Soldatov, Alexander V; Goettlicher, Joerg; Taroev, Vladimir K; Suvorova, Lyudmila F; Tauson, Vladimir L; Kashaev, Anvar A 2016-01-01 Lanthanide silicates have been hydrothermally synthesized using Cu and Ni containers. Chemical formulae of the synthesized compounds correspond to K 3 Eu[Si 6 O 15 ] 2H 2 O, HK 6 Eu[Si 10 O 25 ], K 7 Sm 3 [Si 12 O 32 ], K 2 Sm[AlSi 4 O 12 ] 0.375H 2 O, K 4 Yb 2 [Si 8 O 21 ], K 4 Ce 2 [Al 2 Si 8 O 24 ]. The oxidation state of lanthanides (Eu, Ce, Tb, Sm, Yb) in these silicates has been determined using XANES spectroscopy at the Eu, Ce, Tb, Sm, Yb, L 3 - edges. The experimental XANES spectra were recorded using the synchrotron radiation source ANKA (Karlsruhe Institute of Technology) and the X-ray laboratory spectrometer Rigaku R- XAS. By comparing the absorption edge energies and white line intensities of the silicates with the ones of reference spectra the oxidation state of lanthanides Eu, Ce, Tb, Sm, Yb has been found to be equal to +3 in all investigated silicates except of the Ce-containing silicate from the run in Cu container where the cerium oxidation state ranges from +3 (Ce in silicate apatite and in a KCe silicate with Si 12 O 32 layers) to +4 (starting CeO 2 or oxidized Ce 2 O 3 ). (paper) 9. Search for neutralinos in e+e- reactions at the L3 experiment International Nuclear Information System (INIS) Starosta, R. 1992-10-01 The present thesis deals with the search for neutralinos, which are predicted in the framework of the minimal supersymmetric standard model (MSSM). The lightest of the neutralinos is favorized as the lightest supersymmetric particle. With it, how far this assumption is confirmed, all decay chains of other SUSY particles would end. The data, on which the experimental studies are based, were collected in the year 1990 with the L3 detector at the e + e - -storage ring LEP at a c.m. energy around 91 GeV. In them no hint on the existence of SUSY particles is found, whereby a) deviations of the decay width of the Z 0 boson from the standard-model prediction and b) in hadronic final states directly detectable neutralinos are looked for. The results are presented in form of regions in the parameter space of the MSSM - tan β, M 2 , μ- as well as masses for the lightest neutralinos in dependence on tan β, which are excluded with 95% c.l. Quite generally it can be stated, that a neutralino with a mass of less than 19 geV for tan β>3 is no more allowed in the framework of the MSSM. (orig.) [de 10. Diagnostics Systems for Permanent Hall Thrusters Development Science.gov (United States) Ferreira, Jose Leonardo; Soares Ferreira, Ivan; Santos, Jean; Miranda, Rodrigo; Possa, M. Gabriela This work describes the development of Permanent Magnet Hall Effect Plasma Thruster (PHALL) and its diagnostic systems at The Plasma Physics Laboratory of University of Brasilia. The project consists on the construction and characterization of plasma propulsion engines based on the Hall Effect. Electric thrusters have been employed in over 220 successful space missions. Two types stand out: the Hall-Effect Thruster (HET) and the Gridded Ion Engine (GIE). The first, which we deal with in this project, has the advantage of greater simplicity of operation, a smaller weight for the propulsion subsystem and a longer shelf life. It can operate in two configurations: magnetic layer and anode layer, the difference between the two lying in the positioning of the anode inside the plasma channel. A Hall-Effect Thruster-HET is a type of plasma thruster in which the propellant gas is ionized and accelerated by a magneto hydrodynamic effect combined with electrostatic ion acceleration. So the essential operating principle of the HET is that it uses a J x B force and an electrostatic potential to accelerate ions up to high speeds. In a HET, the attractive negative charge is provided by electrons at the open end of the Thruster instead of a grid, as in the case of the electrostatic ion thrusters. A strong radial magnetic field is used to hold the electrons in place, with the combination of the magnetic field and the electrostatic potential force generating a fast circulating electron current, the Hall current, around the axis of the Thruster, mainly composed by drifting electrons in an ion plasma background. Only a slow axial drift towards the anode occurs. The main attractive features of the Hall-Effect Thruster are its simple design and operating principles. Most of the Hall-Effect Thrusters use electromagnet coils to produce the main magnetic field responsible for plasma generation and acceleration. In this paper we present a different new concept, a Permanent Magnet Hall 11. Valley-chiral quantum Hall state in graphene superlattice structure Science.gov (United States) Tian, H. Y.; Tao, W. W.; Wang, J.; Cui, Y. H.; Xu, N.; Huang, B. B.; Luo, G. X.; Hao, Y. H. 2016-05-01 We theoretically investigate the quantum Hall effect in a graphene superlattice (GS) system, in which the two valleys of graphene are coupled together. In the presence of a perpendicular magnetic field, an ordinary quantum Hall effect is found with the sequence σxy=ν e^2/h(ν=0,+/-1,+/-2,\\cdots) . At the zeroth Hall platform, a valley-chiral Hall state stemming from the single K or K' valley is found and it is localized only on one sample boundary contributing to the longitudinal conductance but not to the Hall conductivity. Our findings may shed light on the graphene-based valleytronics applications. 12. Accurate micro Hall effect measurements on scribe line pads DEFF Research Database (Denmark) Østerberg, Frederik Westergaard; Petersen, Dirch Hjorth; Wang, Fei 2009-01-01 Hall mobility and sheet carrier density are important parameters to monitor in advanced semiconductor production. If micro Hall effect measurements are done on small pads in scribe lines, these parameters may be measured without using valuable test wafers. We report how Hall mobility can...... be extracted from micro four-point measurements performed on a rectangular pad. The dimension of the investigated pad is 400 × 430 ¿m2, and the probe pitches range from 20 ¿m to 50 ¿m. The Monte Carlo method is used to find the optimal way to perform the Hall measurement and extract Hall mobility most... 13. Photonic topological boundary pumping as a probe of 4D quantum Hall physics. Science.gov (United States) Zilberberg, Oded; Huang, Sheng; Guglielmon, Jonathan; Wang, Mohan; Chen, Kevin P; Kraus, Yaacov E; Rechtsman, Mikael C 2018-01-03 When a two-dimensional (2D) electron gas is placed in a perpendicular magnetic field, its in-plane transverse conductance becomes quantized; this is known as the quantum Hall effect. It arises from the non-trivial topology of the electronic band structure of the system, where an integer topological invariant (the first Chern number) leads to quantized Hall conductance. It has been shown theoretically that the quantum Hall effect can be generalized to four spatial dimensions, but so far this has not been realized experimentally because experimental systems are limited to three spatial dimensions. Here we use tunable 2D arrays of photonic waveguides to realize a dynamically generated four-dimensional (4D) quantum Hall system experimentally. The inter-waveguide separation in the array is constructed in such a way that the propagation of light through the device samples over momenta in two additional synthetic dimensions, thus realizing a 2D topological pump. As a result, the band structure has 4D topological invariants (known as second Chern numbers) that support a quantized bulk Hall response with 4D symmetry. In a finite-sized system, the 4D topological bulk response is carried by localized edge modes that cross the sample when the synthetic momenta are modulated. We observe this crossing directly through photon pumping of our system from edge to edge and corner to corner. These crossings are equivalent to charge pumping across a 4D system from one three-dimensional hypersurface to the spatially opposite one and from one 2D hyperedge to another. Our results provide a platform for the study of higher-dimensional topological physics. 14. Photonic topological boundary pumping as a probe of 4D quantum Hall physics Science.gov (United States) Zilberberg, Oded; Huang, Sheng; Guglielmon, Jonathan; Wang, Mohan; Chen, Kevin P.; Kraus, Yaacov E.; Rechtsman, Mikael C. 2018-01-01 When a two-dimensional (2D) electron gas is placed in a perpendicular magnetic field, its in-plane transverse conductance becomes quantized; this is known as the quantum Hall effect. It arises from the non-trivial topology of the electronic band structure of the system, where an integer topological invariant (the first Chern number) leads to quantized Hall conductance. It has been shown theoretically that the quantum Hall effect can be generalized to four spatial dimensions, but so far this has not been realized experimentally because experimental systems are limited to three spatial dimensions. Here we use tunable 2D arrays of photonic waveguides to realize a dynamically generated four-dimensional (4D) quantum Hall system experimentally. The inter-waveguide separation in the array is constructed in such a way that the propagation of light through the device samples over momenta in two additional synthetic dimensions, thus realizing a 2D topological pump. As a result, the band structure has 4D topological invariants (known as second Chern numbers) that support a quantized bulk Hall response with 4D symmetry. In a finite-sized system, the 4D topological bulk response is carried by localized edge modes that cross the sample when the synthetic momenta are modulated. We observe this crossing directly through photon pumping of our system from edge to edge and corner to corner. These crossings are equivalent to charge pumping across a 4D system from one three-dimensional hypersurface to the spatially opposite one and from one 2D hyperedge to another. Our results provide a platform for the study of higher-dimensional topological physics. 15. L(3)mbt and the LINT complex safeguard cellular identity in the Drosophila ovary. Science.gov (United States) Coux, Rémi-Xavier; Teixeira, Felipe Karam; Lehmann, Ruth 2018-04-04 Maintenance of cellular identity is essential for tissue development and homeostasis. At the molecular level, cell identity is determined by the coordinated activation and repression of defined sets of genes. The tumor suppressor L(3)mbt has been shown to secure cellular identity in Drosophila larval brains by repressing germline-specific genes. Here, we interrogate the temporal and spatial requirements for L(3)mbt in the Drosophila ovary, and show that it safeguards the integrity of both somatic and germline tissues. l(3)mbt mutant ovaries exhibit multiple developmental defects, which we find to be largely caused by the inappropriate expression of a single gene, nanos , a key regulator of germline fate, in the somatic ovarian cells. In the female germline, we find that L(3)mbt represses testis-specific and neuronal genes. At the molecular level, we show that L(3)mbt function in the ovary is mediated through its co-factor Lint-1 but independently of the dREAM complex. Together, our work uncovers a more complex role for L(3)mbt than previously understood and demonstrates that L(3)mbt secures tissue identity by preventing the simultaneous expression of original identity markers and tissue-specific misexpression signatures. © 2018. Published by The Company of Biologists Ltd. 16. Mutations in the Bacterial Ribosomal Protein L3 and Their Association with Antibiotic Resistance Science.gov (United States) Klitgaard, Rasmus N.; Ntokou, Eleni; Nørgaard, Katrine; Biltoft, Daniel; Hansen, Lykke H.; Trædholm, Nicolai M.; Kongsted, Jacob 2015-01-01 Different groups of antibiotics bind to the peptidyl transferase center (PTC) in the large subunit of the bacterial ribosome. Resistance to these groups of antibiotics has often been linked with mutations or methylations of the 23S rRNA. In recent years, there has been a rise in the number of studies where mutations have been found in the ribosomal protein L3 in bacterial strains resistant to PTC-targeting antibiotics but there is often no evidence that these mutations actually confer antibiotic resistance. In this study, a plasmid exchange system was used to replace plasmid-carried wild-type genes with mutated L3 genes in a chromosomal L3 deletion strain. In this way, the essential L3 gene is available for the bacteria while allowing replacement of the wild type with mutated L3 genes. This enables investigation of the effect of single mutations in Escherichia coli without a wild-type L3 background. Ten plasmid-carried mutated L3 genes were constructed, and their effect on growth and antibiotic susceptibility was investigated. Additionally, computational modeling of the impact of L3 mutations in E. coli was used to assess changes in 50S structure and antibiotic binding. All mutations are placed in the loops of L3 near the PTC. Growth data show that 9 of the 10 mutations were well accepted in E. coli, although some of them came with a fitness cost. Only one of the mutants exhibited reduced susceptibility to linezolid, while five exhibited reduced susceptibility to tiamulin. PMID:25845869 17. Giant photonic Hall effect in magnetophotonic crystals. Science.gov (United States) Merzlikin, A M; Vinogradov, A P; Inoue, M; Granovsky, A B 2005-10-01 We have considered a simple, square, two-dimensional (2D) PC built of a magneto-optic matrix with square holes. It is shown that using such a magnetophotonic crystal it is possible to deflect a light beam at very large angles by applying a nonzero external magnetic field. The effect is called the giant photonic Hall effect (GPHE) or the magnetic superprism effect. The GPHE is based on magneto-optical properties, as is the photonic Hall effect [B. A. van Tiggelen and G. L. J. A. Rikken, in, edited by V. M. Shalaev (Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 2002), p. 275]; however GPHE is not caused by asymmetrical light scattering but rather by the influence of an external magnetic field on the photonic band structure. 18. Assessment of elevator rope using Hall Sensor Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB) Lee, Jong O; Yoon, Woon Ha; Son, Young Ho; Kim, Jung Woo [Korea Institute of Machinery and Materials, Daejeon (Korea, Republic of); Lee, Jong Ku [Pukyung National University, Pusan (Korea, Republic of) 2003-07-01 Defect detection of wire rope for an elevator was investigated through the measurement of magnetic flux leakage. The types of defect usually found in wire rope categorized such as inner and outer wire breakage and wear. The specimens that has artificial defects were magnetized via permanent magnet, and measurement of magnetic flux leakage on the defects was performed with Hall sensor. In wire broken model, a defect smaller than 0.4 mm and 1 mm in depth on outer and inner wire rope, respectively, could be detected well. In wear model, smaller defect could not be detected clearly, however, appearance of changing of total magnetic flux during magnetic pole of the sensor passing through a defect 0.2 mm in depth at 4 mm or above width could make possible to detect it. From the results, the measurement via Hall sensor might be useful tool for defect detection of wire rope. 19. Assesment of elevator rope using hall sensor Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB) Lee, Jong O; Yoon, Woon Ha; Son, Young Ho [Korea Institute of Machinery and Materials, Daejeon (Korea, Republic of); Kim, Jung Woo; Lee, Jong Ku [Pukyong National University, Pusan (Korea, Republic of) 2003-05-15 Defect detection of wire rope for an elevator was investigated through the measurement of magnetic flux leakage. The types of defect usually found in wire rope categorized such as inner and outer wire breakage and wear. The specimens that has artificial defects were magnetized via permanent magnet, and measurement of magnetic flux leakage on the defects was performed with Hall sensor. In wire broken model, a defect smaller than 0.4mm and 1mm in depth on outer and inner wire rope, respectively, could be detected well. In wear model, smaller defect could not be detected clearly, however, appearance of changing of total magnetic flux during magnetic pole of the sensor passing through a defect 0.2mm in depth at 4mm or above width could make possible to detect it. From the results, the measurement via Hall sensor might be useful tool for defect detection of wire rope. 20. Infinite symmetry in the quantum Hall effect Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden) Lütken C.A. 2014-04-01 Full Text Available The new states of matter and concomitant quantum critical phenomena revealed by the quantum Hall effect appear to be accompanied by an emergent modular symmetry. The extreme rigidity of this infinite symmetry makes it easy to falsify, but two decades of experiments have failed to do so, and the location of quantum critical points predicted by the symmetry is in increasingly accurate agreement with scaling experiments. The symmetry severely constrains the structure of the effective quantum field theory that encodes the low energy limit of quantum electrodynamics of 1010 charges in two dirty dimensions. If this is a non-linear σ-model the target space is a torus, rather than the more familiar sphere. One of the simplest toroidal models gives a critical (correlation length exponent that agrees with the value obtained from numerical simulations of the quantum Hall effect. 1. Stuart Hall and Cultural Studies, circa 1983 Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden) Ann Curthoys 2017-11-01 Full Text Available Stuart Hall sought to internationalise theoretical debates and to create Cultural Studies as interdisciplinary. We chart his theoretical journey through a detailed examination of a series of lectures delivered in 1983 and now published for the first time. In these lectures, he discusses theorists such as E.P. Thompson, Raymond Williams, Louis Althusser, Levi Strauss and Antonio Gramsci, and explores the relationship between ideas and social structure, the specificities of class and race, and the legacies of slavery. We note his turn towards metaphors of divergence and dispersal and highlight how autobiographical and deeply personal Hall is in these lectures, especially in his ego histoire moment of traumatic memory recovery. 2. Hall magnetohydrodynamics: Conservation laws and Lyapunov stability International Nuclear Information System (INIS) Holm, D.D. 1987-01-01 Hall electric fields produce circulating mass flow in confined ideal-fluid plasmas. The conservation laws, Hamiltonian structure, equilibrium state relations, and Lyapunov stability conditions are presented here for ideal Hall magnetohydrodynamics (HMHD) in two and three dimensions. The approach here is to use the remarkable array of nonlinear conservation laws for HMHD that follow from its Hamiltonian structure in order to construct explicit Lyapunov functionals for the HMHD equilibrium states. In this way, the Lyapunov stability analysis provides classes of HMHD equilibria that are stable and whose linearized initial-value problems are well posed (in the sense of possessing continuous dependence on initial conditions). Several examples are discussed in both two and three dimensions 3. Music hall Markneukirchen; Musikhalle in Markneukirchen Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB) Anon. 1996-01-01 The article presents the new building of the music hall Markneukirchen. From the planned use of the building result very high demands on the ventilation system in order to keep to a sound power level of less than 30 dB(A) in the hall. The building services are dealt with using numerous flowsheets and diagrams: Heat supply, ventilation system, sanitary system, building management, instrumentation and control, electric and lighting systems. (BWI) [Deutsch] Der vorliegende Beitrag stellt den Neubau der Musikhalle Markneukirchen vor. Durch das Nutzungskonzept ergeben sich fuer die Einhaltung eines Schalleistungspegels von weniger als 30 dB(A) im Saalbereich an die Lueftungsanlage sehr hohe Ansprueche. Es werden die raumlufttechnischen Anlagen anhand zahlreicher Flussbilder und Abbildungen vorgestellt: Waermeversorgung, Lueftungstechnik, Sanitaertechnik, Gebaeudeleit- und MSR-Technik, Elektro- und Lichttechnik. (BWI) 4. Theory of fractional quantum hall effect International Nuclear Information System (INIS) 1985-08-01 A theory of the Fractional Quantum Hall Effect is constructed based on magnetic flux fractionization, which lead to instability of the system against selfcompression. A theorem is proved stating that arbitrary potentials fail to lift a specific degeneracy of the Landau level. For the case of 1/3 fractional filling a model 3-particles interaction is constructed breaking the symmetry. The rigid 3-particles wave function plays the role of order parameter. In a BCS type of theory the gap in the single particles spectrum is produced by the 3-particles interaction. The mean field critical behaviour and critical parameters are determined as well as the Ginsburg-Landau equation coefficients. The Hall conductivity is calculated from the first principles and its temperature dependence is found. The simultaneous tunnelling of 3,5,7 etc. electrons and quantum interference effects are predicted. (author) 5. Assessment of elevator rope using Hall Sensor International Nuclear Information System (INIS) Lee, Jong O; Yoon, Woon Ha; Son, Young Ho; Kim, Jung Woo; Lee, Jong Ku 2003-01-01 Defect detection of wire rope for an elevator was investigated through the measurement of magnetic flux leakage. The types of defect usually found in wire rope categorized such as inner and outer wire breakage and wear. The specimens that has artificial defects were magnetized via permanent magnet, and measurement of magnetic flux leakage on the defects was performed with Hall sensor. In wire broken model, a defect smaller than 0.4 mm and 1 mm in depth on outer and inner wire rope, respectively, could be detected well. In wear model, smaller defect could not be detected clearly, however, appearance of changing of total magnetic flux during magnetic pole of the sensor passing through a defect 0.2 mm in depth at 4 mm or above width could make possible to detect it. From the results, the measurement via Hall sensor might be useful tool for defect detection of wire rope. 6. Assesment of elevator rope using hall sensor International Nuclear Information System (INIS) Lee, Jong O; Yoon, Woon Ha; Son, Young Ho; Kim, Jung Woo; Lee, Jong Ku 2003-01-01 Defect detection of wire rope for an elevator was investigated through the measurement of magnetic flux leakage. The types of defect usually found in wire rope categorized such as inner and outer wire breakage and wear. The specimens that has artificial defects were magnetized via permanent magnet, and measurement of magnetic flux leakage on the defects was performed with Hall sensor. In wire broken model, a defect smaller than 0.4mm and 1mm in depth on outer and inner wire rope, respectively, could be detected well. In wear model, smaller defect could not be detected clearly, however, appearance of changing of total magnetic flux during magnetic pole of the sensor passing through a defect 0.2mm in depth at 4mm or above width could make possible to detect it. From the results, the measurement via Hall sensor might be useful tool for defect detection of wire rope. 7. Judy Estes Hall (1940-2015). Science.gov (United States) Sammons, Morgan T; Boucher, Andrew 2016-01-01 Presents an obituary for Judy Estes Hall, who passed away on November 24, 2015. Hall served as the Executive Officer of the National Register of Health Service Psychologists until her retirement in 2013. She is a recognized expert in the development of education and training standards for the profession of psychology, she also made significant contributions in the field of international psychology, where she was a renowned expert in cross-national credentialing and an advocate for commonality in licensing standards. She was the coauthor of one edited volume and author of more than 60 journal articles, book chapters, and professional publications. A passionate advocate for the advancement of women in psychology, a devoted mother and grandmother, a connoisseur of wine and international traveler extraordinaire, she touched the personal and professional lives of many. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved). 8. The behaviour of the L3 muon chambers in a magnetic field International Nuclear Information System (INIS) Onvlee, J. 1989-01-01 L3 is one of the four detectors at LEP. It consists of many parts, each of which measures a specific property of the particles produced in the electron positron collisions. One of the specialities of the L3 detector is the high precision measurement of the momenta of the muons produced in the collisions. In order to curve the muon trajectories the detector is placed in a magnetic field of about 0.5 Tesla. The behaviour of the L3 muon drift chambers in this magnetic field is the main subject of this thesis. (author). 45 refs.; 47 figs.; 12 tabs 9. L3 physics at the Z resonance and a search for the Higgs particle International Nuclear Information System (INIS) Coan, T.A.; Kinnison, W.W.; Kapustinsky, J.; Shukla, J. 1997-01-01 This is the final report of a three-year, Laboratory-Directed Research and Development (LDRD) project at the Los Alamos National Laboratory. Electroweak interactions were studied using the L3 Detector on the Large Electron-Positron Collider (LEP) at the European Center for Nuclear Study (CERN). The specific physics studied utilized the Silicon Microvertex Detector (SMD) of L3, which Los Alamos had previously played a major role in proposing, designing, constructing, and commissioning. This detector enabled L3 to investigate short-lived mesons containing b-quarks 10. Results of L3 BGO calorimeter calibration using an RFQ accelerator CERN Document Server Chaturvedi, U K; Gataullin, M; Gratta, Giorgio; Kirkby, D; Lu, W; Newman, H; Shvorob, A V; Tully, C; Zhu, R 2000-01-01 A novel calibration system based on a radiofrequency-quadrupole (RFQ) accelerator has been installed in the L3 experiment. Radiative capture of 1.85 MeV protons from the RFQ accelerator in a lithium target produces a flux of 17.6 MeV photons which are used to calibrate 11000 crystals of the L3 BGO calorimeter. In this paper we present results of the RFQ run taken in November 1997. A calibration precision of 0.6% was reached in the barrel of the L3 BGO calorimeter, and 0.7% in the BGO endcaps. (8 refs). 11. Homotopy arguments for quantized Hall conductivity CERN Document Server Richter, T 2002-01-01 Using the strong localization bounds obtained by the Aizenman-Molcanov method for a particle in a magnetic field and a disordered potential, we show that the zero-temperature Hall conductivity of a gas of such particles is quantized and constant as long as both Fermi energy and disorder coupling parameter vary in a region of strong localization of the corresponding two-dimensional phase diagram. 12. SPS beam to the West Hall CERN Multimedia CERN PhotoLab 1976-01-01 One of the two target stations feeding the West Hall (see Annual Report 1976). After the proton beam was split into three branches, the outer two were directed on to targets in the cast iron shielding box, the centre one passing through the box to another target station downstream. Five different targets could be put in each beam, controlled by the mechanism seen on top. 13. Anomalous hall effect in ferromagnetic semiconductors Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database Jungwirth, Tomáš; Niu, Q.; MacDonald, A. H. 2002-01-01 Roč. 88, č. 20 (2002), s. 207208-1-207208-4 ISSN 0031-9007 R&D Projects: GA ČR GA202/02/0912; GA MŠk OC P5.10 Institutional research plan: CEZ:AV0Z1010914 Keywords : ferromagnetic semiconductors * anomalous Hall effect Subject RIV: BM - Solid Matter Physics ; Magnetism Impact factor: 7.323, year: 2002 14. Determination of the Hall Thruster Operating Regimes; TOPICAL International Nuclear Information System (INIS) L. Dorf; V. Semenov; Y. Raitses; N.J. Fisch 2002-01-01 A quasi one-dimensional (1-D) steady-state model of the Hall thruster is presented. For the same discharge voltage two operating regimes are possible - with and without the anode sheath. For given mass flow rate, magnetic field profile and discharge voltage a unique solution can be constructed, assuming that the thruster operates in one of the regimes. However, we show that for a given temperature profile the applied discharge voltage uniquely determines the operating regime: for discharge voltages greater than a certain value, the sheath disappears. That result is obtained over a wide range of incoming neutral velocities, channel lengths and widths, and cathode plane locations. It is also shown that a good correlation between the quasi 1-D model and experimental results can be achieved by selecting an appropriate electron mobility and temperature profile 15. The bremsstrahlung tagged photon beam in Hall B at JLab CERN Document Server Sober, D I; Longhi, A; Matthews, S K; O'Brien, J T; Berman, B L; Briscoe, W J; Cole, P L; Connelly, J P; Dodge, W R; Murphy, L Y; Philips, S A; Dugger, M K; Lawrence, D; Ritchie, B G; Smith, E S; Lambert, J M; Anciant, E; Audit, G; Auger, T; Marchand, C; Klusman, M; Napolitano, J; Khandaker, M A; Salgado, C W; Sarty, A J 2000-01-01 We describe the design and commissioning of the photon tagging beamline installed in experimental Hall B at the Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility (JLab). This system can tag photon energies over a range from 20% to 95% of the incident electron energy, and is capable of operation with beam energies up to 6.1 GeV. A single dipole magnet is combined with a hodoscope containing two planar arrays of plastic scintillators to detect energy-degraded electrons from a thin bremsstrahlung radiator. The first layer of 384 partially overlapping small scintillators provides photon energy resolution, while the second layer of 61 larger scintillators provides the timing resolution necessary to form a coincidence with the corresponding nuclear interaction triggered by the tagged photon. The definitions of overlap channels in the first counter plane and of geometric correlation between the two planes are determined using digitized time information from the individual counters. Auxiliary beamline devices are briefl... 16. Planar Hall effect sensor with magnetostatic compensation layer DEFF Research Database (Denmark) Dalslet, Bjarke Thomas; Donolato, Marco; Hansen, Mikkel Fougt 2012-01-01 Demagnetization effects in cross-shaped planar Hall effect sensors cause inhomogeneous film magnetization and a hysteretic sensor response. Furthermore, when using sensors for detection of magnetic beads, the magnetostatic field from the sensor edges attracts and holds magnetic beads near...... the sensor edges causing inhomogeneous and non-specific binding of the beads. We show theoretically that adding a compensation magnetic stack beneath the sensor stack and exchange-biasing it antiparallel to the sensor stack, the magnetostatic field is minimized. We show experimentally that the compensation...... stack removes nonlinear effects from the sensor response, it strongly reduces hysteresis, and it increases the homogeneity of the bead distribution. Finally, it reduces the non-specific binding due to magnetostatic fields allowing us to completely remove beads from the compensated sensor using a water... 17. Hall Thruster Modeling with a Given Temperature Profile International Nuclear Information System (INIS) Dorf, L.; Semenov, V.; Raitses, Y.; Fisch, N.J. 2002-01-01 A quasi one-dimensional steady-state model of the Hall thruster is presented. For given mass flow rate, magnetic field profile, and discharge voltage the unique solution can be constructed, assuming that the thruster operates in one of the two regimes: with or without the anode sheath. It is shown that for a given temperature profile, the applied discharge voltage uniquely determines the operating regime; for discharge voltages greater than a certain value, the sheath disappears. That result is obtained over a wide range of incoming neutral velocities, channel lengths and widths, and cathode plane locations. A good correlation between the quasi one-dimensional model and experimental results can be achieved by selecting an appropriate temperature profile. We also show how the presented model can be used to obtain a two-dimensional potential distribution 18. Generic superweak chaos induced by Hall effect Science.gov (United States) Ben-Harush, Moti; Dana, Itzhack 2016-05-01 We introduce and study the "kicked Hall system" (KHS), i.e., charged particles periodically kicked in the presence of uniform magnetic (B ) and electric (E ) fields that are perpendicular to each other and to the kicking direction. We show that for resonant values of B and E and in the weak-chaos regime of sufficiently small nonintegrability parameter κ (the kicking strength), there exists a generic family of periodic kicking potentials for which the Hall effect from B and E significantly suppresses the weak chaos, replacing it by "superweak" chaos (SWC). This means that the system behaves as if the kicking strength were κ2 rather than κ . For E =0 , SWC is known to be a classical fingerprint of quantum antiresonance, but it occurs under much less generic conditions, in particular only for very special kicking potentials. Manifestations of SWC are a decrease in the instability of periodic orbits and a narrowing of the chaotic layers, relative to the ordinary weak-chaos case. Also, for global SWC, taking place on an infinite "stochastic web" in phase space, the chaotic diffusion on the web is much slower than the weak-chaos one. Thus, the Hall effect can be relatively stabilizing for small κ . In some special cases, the effect is shown to cause ballistic motion for almost all parameter values. The generic global SWC on stochastic webs in the KHS appears to be the two-dimensional closest analog to the Arnol'd web in higher dimensional systems. 19. Josephson tunneling in bilayer quantum Hall system International Nuclear Information System (INIS) Ezawa, Z.F.; Tsitsishvili, G.; Sawada, A. 2012-01-01 A Bose–Einstein condensation is formed by composite bosons in the quantum Hall state. A composite boson carries the fundamental charge (−e). We investigate Josephson tunneling of such charges in the bilayer quantum Hall system at the total filling ν=1. We show the existence of the critical current for the tunneling current to be coherent and dissipationless. Our results explain recent experiments due to [L. Tiemann, Y. Yoon, W. Dietsche, K. von Klitzing, W. Wegscheider, Phys. Rev. B 80 (2009) 165120] and due to [Y. Yoon, L. Tiemann, S. Schmult, W. Dietsche, K. von Klitzing, Phys. Rev. Lett. 104 (2010) 116802]. We predict also how the critical current changes as the sample is tilted in the magnetic field. -- Highlights: ► Composite bosons undergo Bose–Einstein condensation to form the bilayer quantum Hall state. ► A composite boson is a single electron bound to a flux quantum and carries one unit charge. ► Quantum coherence develops due to the condensation. ► Quantum coherence drives the supercurrent in each layer and the tunneling current. ► There exists the critical input current so that the tunneling current is coherent and dissipationless. Science.gov (United States) Talsania, Mitali; Sharma, Rohan; Sughrue, Michael E; Scofield, R Hal; Lim, Jonea 2017-10-01 1. EX1004L3 Water Column Summary Report and Profile Data Collection Data.gov (United States) National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Department of Commerce — A complete set of water column profile data and CTD Summary Report (if generated) generated by the Okeanos Explorer during EX1004L3: Exploration Indonesia - Bitung... 2. EX0909L3 Water Column Summary Report and Profile Data Collection Data.gov (United States) National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Department of Commerce — A complete set of water column profile data and CTD Summary Report (if generated) generated by the Okeanos Explorer during EX0909L3: Mapping Field Trials - Hawaiian... 3. EX1502L3 Water Column Summary Report and Profile Data Collection Data.gov (United States) National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Department of Commerce — A complete set of water column profile data and CTD Summary Report (if generated) generated by the Okeanos Explorer during EX1502L3: Caribbean Exploration (ROV)... 4. EX1605L3 Dive02 Ancillary Data Collection including reports, kmls, spreadsheets, and data Data.gov (United States) National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Department of Commerce — Standard suite of ancillary data files generated through a scripting process following an ROV dive on NOAA Ship Okeanos Explorer during EX1605L3: CAPSTONE CNMI &... 5. EX1504L3 Dive07 Ancillary Data Collection including reports, kmls, spreadsheets, images and data Data.gov (United States) National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Department of Commerce — Standard suite of ancillary data files generated through a scripting process following an ROV dive on NOAA Ship Okeanos Explorer during EX1504L3: CAPSTONE Leg III:... 6. EX1605L3 Dive07 Ancillary Data Collection including reports, kmls, spreadsheets, and data Data.gov (United States) National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Department of Commerce — Standard suite of ancillary data files generated through a scripting process following an ROV dive on NOAA Ship Okeanos Explorer during EX1605L3: CAPSTONE CNMI &... 7. EX1605L3 Dive05 Ancillary Data Collection including reports, kmls, spreadsheets, and data Data.gov (United States) National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Department of Commerce — Standard suite of ancillary data files generated through a scripting process following an ROV dive on NOAA Ship Okeanos Explorer during EX1605L3: CAPSTONE CNMI &... 8. EX1504L3 Dive06 Ancillary Data Collection including reports, kmls, spreadsheets, images and data Data.gov (United States) National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Department of Commerce — Standard suite of ancillary data files generated through a scripting process following an ROV dive on NOAA Ship Okeanos Explorer during EX1504L3: CAPSTONE Leg III:... 9. EX1605L3 Dive19 Ancillary Data Collection including reports, kmls, spreadsheets, and data Data.gov (United States) National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Department of Commerce — Standard suite of ancillary data files generated through a scripting process following an ROV dive on NOAA Ship Okeanos Explorer during EX1605L3: CAPSTONE CNMI &... 10. EX1504L3 Dive02 Ancillary Data Collection including reports, kmls, spreadsheets, images and data Data.gov (United States) National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Department of Commerce — Standard suite of ancillary data files generated through a scripting process following an ROV dive on NOAA Ship Okeanos Explorer during EX1504L3: CAPSTONE Leg III:... 11. TES/Aura L3 H2O Monthly Gridded V004 Data.gov (United States) National Aeronautics and Space Administration — The TES Aura L3 H2O data consist of daily atmospheric temperature and VMR for the atmospheric species. Data are provided at 2 degree latitude X 4 degree longitude... 12. EX1402L3 Water Column Summary Report and Profile Data Collection Data.gov (United States) National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Department of Commerce — A complete set of water column profile data and CTD Summary Report (if generated) generated by the Okeanos Explorer during EX1402L3: Gulf of Mexico Mapping and ROV... 13. EX1504L3 Dive04 Ancillary Data Collection including reports, kmls, spreadsheets, images and data Data.gov (United States) National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Department of Commerce — Standard suite of ancillary data files generated through a scripting process following an ROV dive on NOAA Ship Okeanos Explorer during EX1504L3: CAPSTONE Leg III:... 14. EX1605L3 Dive12 Ancillary Data Collection including reports, kmls, spreadsheets, and data Data.gov (United States) National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Department of Commerce — Standard suite of ancillary data files generated through a scripting process following an ROV dive on NOAA Ship Okeanos Explorer during EX1605L3: CAPSTONE CNMI &... 15. A lead-scintillating fiber calorimeter to increase L3 hermeticity CERN Document Server Basti, G 1997-01-01 A lead-scintillating fiber calorimeter has been built to fill the gap between endcap and barrel of the L3 BGO electromagnetic calorimeter. We report details of the construction, as well as results from test-beam and simulation. 16. EX1202L3 Water Column Summary Report and Profile Data Collection Data.gov (United States) National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Department of Commerce — A complete set of water column profile data and CTD Summary Report (if generated) generated by the Okeanos Explorer during EX1202L3: Gulf of Mexico Exploration... 17. EX1605L3 Dive01 Ancillary Data Collection including reports, kmls, spreadsheets, and data Data.gov (United States) National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Department of Commerce — Standard suite of ancillary data files generated through a scripting process following an ROV dive on NOAA Ship Okeanos Explorer during EX1605L3: CAPSTONE CNMI &... 18. EX1605L3 Dive13 Ancillary Data Collection including reports, kmls, spreadsheets, and data Data.gov (United States) National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Department of Commerce — Standard suite of ancillary data files generated through a scripting process following an ROV dive on NOAA Ship Okeanos Explorer during EX1605L3: CAPSTONE CNMI &... 19. EX1605L3 Dive20 Ancillary Data Collection including reports, kmls, spreadsheets, and data Data.gov (United States) National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Department of Commerce — Standard suite of ancillary data files generated through a scripting process following an ROV dive on NOAA Ship Okeanos Explorer during EX1605L3: CAPSTONE CNMI &... 20. EX1504L3 Water Column Summary Report and Profile Data Collection Data.gov (United States) National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Department of Commerce — A complete set of water column profile data and CTD Summary Report (if generated) generated by the Okeanos Explorer during EX1504L3: CAPSTONE Leg III: Main Hawaiian... 1. EX1504L3 Dive03 Ancillary Data Collection including reports, kmls, spreadsheets, images and data Data.gov (United States) National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Department of Commerce — Standard suite of ancillary data files generated through a scripting process following an ROV dive on NOAA Ship Okeanos Explorer during EX1504L3: CAPSTONE Leg III:... 2. Magnetotransport properties of Ni-Mn-In Heusler Alloys: Giant Hall angle Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB) Dubenko, I; Pathak, A K; Ali, N [Department of Physics, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, IL 62901 (United States); Kovarskii, Y A; Prudnikov, V N; Perov, N S; Granovsky, A B, E-mail: granov@magn.r [Faculty of Physics, Moscow State University, Moscow, 111991 (Russian Federation) 2010-01-01 We report experimental results on phase transitions, magnetic properties, resistivity, and Hall effect in Ni{sub 50}Mn{sub 50-x}In{sub x} (15Hall resistivity {rho}{sub H}(at H = 15 kOe) is positive in martensitic and negative in austenitic phase, sharply increases in the vicinity of T{sub M} up to {rho}{sub H}(15 kOe)= 50 {mu}{Omega}{center_dot}cm. This value is almost two orders of magnitude larger than that observed at high temperature (T{approx}200 K) for any common magnetic materials, and comparable to the giant Hall effect resistivity in magnetic nanogranular alloys. The Hall angle {Theta}{sub H}=tan{sup -} {sup 1}({rho}{sub H}/{rho}) close to T{sub M} reaches tan{sup -1}(0.5) which is the highest value for known magnetic materials. 3. A simulation Model of the Reactor Hall Ventilation and air Conditioning Systems of ETRR-2 International Nuclear Information System (INIS) Abd El-Rahman, M.F. 2004-01-01 Although the conceptual design for any system differs from one designer to another. each of them aims to achieve the function of the system required. the ventilation and air conditioning system of reactors hall is one of those systems that really differs but always dose its function for which it is designed. thus, ventilation and air conditioning in some reactor hall constitute only one system whereas in some other ones, they are separate systems. the Egypt Research Reactor-2 (ETRR-2)represents the second type. most studies conducted on ventilation and air conditioning simulation models either in traditional building or for research rectors show that those models were not designed similarly to the model of the hall of ETRR-2 in which ventilation and air conditioning constitute two separate systems.besides, those studies experimented on ventilation and air conditioning simulation models of reactor building predict the temperature and humidity inside these buildings at certain outside condition and it is difficult to predict when the outside conditions are changed . also those studies do not discuss the influences of reactor power changes. therefore, the present work deals with a computational study backed by infield experimental measurements of the performance of the ventilation and air conditioning systems of reactor hall during normal operation at different outside conditions as well as at different levels of reactor power 4. A constricted quantum Hall system as a beam-splitter: understanding ballistic transport on the edge International Nuclear Information System (INIS) Lal, Siddhartha 2007-09-01 We study transport in a model of a quantum Hall edge system with a gate-voltage controlled constriction. A finite backscattered current at finite edge-bias is explained from a Landauer- Buttiker analysis as arising from the splitting of edge current caused by the difference in the filling fractions of the bulk (ν 1 ) and constriction(ν 2 ) quantum Hall fluid regions. We develop a hydrodynamic theory for bosonic edge modes inspired by this model. The constriction region splits the incident long-wavelength chiral edge density-wave excitations among the transmitting and reflecting edge states encircling it. These findings provide satisfactory explanations for several puzzling recent experimental results. These results are confirmed by computing various correlators and chiral linear conductances of the system. In this way, our results find excellent agreement with some of the recent puzzling experimental results for the cases of ν 1 = 1/3, 1. (author) 5. Commemorative Symposium on the Hall Effect and its Applications CERN Document Server Westgate, C 1980-01-01 In 1879, while a graduate student under Henry Rowland at the Physics Department of The Johns Hopkins University, Edwin Herbert Hall discovered what is now universally known as the Hall effect. A symposium was held at The Johns Hopkins University on November 13, 1979 to commemorate the lOOth anniversary of the discovery. Over 170 participants attended the symposium which included eleven in­ vited lectures and three speeches during the luncheon. During the past one hundred years, we have witnessed ever ex­ panding activities in the field of the Hall effect. The Hall effect is now an indispensable tool in the studies of many branches of condensed matter physics, especially in metals, semiconductors, and magnetic solids. Various components (over 200 million!) that utilize the Hall effect have been successfully incorporated into such devices as keyboards, automobile ignitions, gaussmeters, and satellites. This volume attempts to capture the important aspects of the Hall effect and its applications. It includes t... 6. Space Charge Saturated Sheath Regime and Electron Temperature Saturation in Hall Thrusters International Nuclear Information System (INIS) Raitses, Y.; Staack, D.; Smirnov, A.; Fisch, N.J. 2005-01-01 Secondary electron emission in Hall thrusters is predicted to lead to space charge saturated wall sheaths resulting in enhanced power losses in the thruster channel. Analysis of experimentally obtained electron-wall collision frequency suggests that the electron temperature saturation, which occurs at high discharge voltages, appears to be caused by a decrease of the Joule heating rather than by the enhancement of the electron energy loss at the walls due to a strong secondary electron emission 7. Scattering Effect on Anomalous Hall Effect in Ferromagnetic Transition Metals KAUST Repository Zhang, Qiang 2017-11-30 The anomalous Hall effect (AHE) has been discovered for over a century, but its origin is still highly controversial theoretically and experimentally. In this study, we investigated the scattering effect on the AHE for both exploring the underlying physics and technical applications. We prepared Cox(MgO)100-x granular thin films with different Co volume fraction (34≤≤100) and studied the interfacial scattering effect on the AHE. The STEM HAADF images confirmed the inhomogeneous granular structure of the samples. As decreases from 100 to 34, the values of longitudinal resistivity () and anomalous Hall resistivity (AHE) respectively increase by about four and three orders in magnitude. The linear scaling relation between the anomalous Hall coefficient () and the measured at 5 K holds in both the as-prepared and annealed samples, which suggests a skew scattering dominated mechanism in Cox(MgO)100-x granular thin films. We prepared (Fe36//Au12/), (Ni36//Au12/) and (Ta12//Fe36/) multilayers to study the interfacial scattering effect on the AHE. The multilayer structures were characterized by the XRR spectra and TEM images of cross-sections. For the three serials of multilayers, both the and AHE increase with , which clearly shows interfacial scattering effect. The intrinsic contribution decreases with increases in the three serials of samples, which may be due to the crystallinity decaying or the finite size effect. In the (Fe36//Au12/) samples, the side-jump contribution increases with , which suggests an interfacial scattering-enhanced side jump. In the (Ni36//Au12/) samples, the side-jump contribution decreases with increases, which could be explained by the opposite sign of the interfacial scattering and grain boundary scattering contributed side jump. In the (Ta12//Fe36/) multilayers, the side-jump contribution changed from negative to positive, which is also because of the opposite sign of the interfacial scattering and grain boundary scattering 8. Hall Sensor Output Signal Fault-Detection & Safety Implementation Logic Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden) Lee SangHun 2016-01-01 Full Text Available Recently BLDC motors have been popular in various industrial applications and electric mobility. Recently BLDC motors have been popular in various industrial applications and electric mobility. In most brushless direct current (BLDC motor drives, there are three hall sensors as a position reference. Low resolution hall effect sensor is popularly used to estimate the rotor position because of its good comprehensive performance such as low cost, high reliability and sufficient precision. Various possible faults may happen in a hall effect sensor. This paper presents a fault-tolerant operation method that allows the control of a BLDC motor with one faulty hall sensor and presents the hall sensor output fault-tolerant control strategy. The situations considered are when the output from a hall sensor stays continuously at low or high levels, or a short-time pulse appears on a hall sensor signal. For fault detection, identification of a faulty signal and generating a substitute signal, this method only needs the information from the hall sensors. There are a few research work on hall effect sensor failure of BLDC motor. The conventional fault diagnosis methods are signal analysis, model based analysis and knowledge based analysis. The proposed method is signal based analysis using a compensation signal for reconfiguration and therefore fault diagnosis can be fast. The proposed method is validated to execute the simulation using PSIM. 9. The Hall module of an exact category with duality OpenAIRE Young, Matthew B. 2012-01-01 We construct from a finitary exact category with duality a module over its Hall algebra, called the Hall module, encoding the first order self-dual extension structure of the category. We study in detail Hall modules arising from the representation theory of a quiver with involution. In this case we show that the Hall module is naturally a module over the specialized reduced sigma-analogue of the quantum Kac-Moody algebra attached to the quiver. For finite type quivers, we explicitly determin... 10. Multi-analysis and modeling of asymmetry offset for Hall effect structures Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB) Paun, Maria-Alexandra, E-mail: maria_paun2003@yahoo.com 2017-03-15 The topological (asymmetry) offset voltage of CMOS cross-like Hall cells is analyzed in this paper. In order to attain the stated objective, different approaches have been considered. Both circuit and three-dimensional models have been developed. Variation of the misalignment offset with the biasing current has been studied through physical and circuit models. The latter is a non-homogenous finite elements model, which relies on using parameterized resistances and current-controlled current sources, of CMOS Hall cells. The displacement offset for various asymmetries and the offset variation with the temperature were investigated through the circuit model developed. Various experimental results for the single and magnetic equivalent offset have also been provided. - Highlights: • In this paper both physical and circuit models have been proposed for the evaluation of Hall cells offset. • Variation of the misalignment offset with the biasing current has been studied. • The displacement offset for various asymmetries and the offset variation with the temperature were investigated. • Various experimental results for single and magnetic equivalent offset were provided. • The obtained simulation results are in accordance with the experimental data. 11. Anomalous field dependence of the Hall coefficient in disordered metals International Nuclear Information System (INIS) 1988-01-01 We report on a comprehensive study of the Hall coefficient, R/sub H/, in disordered three-dimensional In 2 O/sub 3-//sub x/ films as a function of the magnetic field strength, temperature, and degree of spatial disorder. Our main result is that, at sufficiently small fields, R/sub H/ is virtually temperature, field, and disorder independent, even at the metal-insulator transition itself. On the other hand, at the limit of strong magnetic fields, R/sub H/ has an explicit temperature dependence, in apparent agreement with the prediction of Al'tshuler, Aronov, and Lee. For intermediate values of fields, R/sub H/ is field and temperature dependent. It is also shown that the behavior of the conductivity as a function of temperature, σ(T), at small fields, is qualitatively different than that measured at the limit of strong magnetic fields. The low- and high-field regimes seem to correlate with the respective regimes in terms of the Hall-coefficient behavior. It is suggested that the magnetotransport in the high-field limit is considerably influenced by Coulomb-correlation effects. However, in the low-field regime, where both correlations and weak-localization effects are, presumably, equally important (and where both theories are the more likely to be valid), is problematic; neither R/sub H/ nor σ(T) gives any unambiguous evidence to the existence of interaction effects. This problem is discussed in light of the experimental results pertaining to the behavior of R/sub H/(T) in two-dimensional In 2 O/sub 3-//sub x/ films as well as in other disordered systems 12. DESIGN OF SUBSOIL IMPROVEMENT BELOW HALL FLOORS Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden) Peter Turček 2017-10-01 Full Text Available The construction of an industrial park is now being prepared near the town of Nitra. The investor fixed very strict conditions for the bearing capacity and, above all, the settlement of halls and their floors. The geological conditions at the construction site are difficult: there are soft clay soils with high compressibility and low bearing capacity. A detailed analysis of soil improvement was made. Stone columns were prepared to be fitted into an approximately 5 m thick layer of soft clay. The paper shows the main steps used in the design of the stone columns. 13. Optically induced Hall effect in semiconductors Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB) Idrish Miah, M; Gray, E Mac A, E-mail: m.miah@griffith.edu.a [Nanoscale Science and Technology Centre, Griffith University, Nathan, Brisbane, QLD 4111 (Australia) 2009-03-01 We describe an experiment which investigates the effect of a longitudinal electric field on the spin-polarized carriers generated by a circularly polarized light in semiconductors. Our experiment observes the effect as a Hall voltage resulting from nonequilibrium magnetization induced by the spin-carrier electrons accumulating at the transverse boundaries of the sample as a result of asymmetries in scattering for spin-up and spin-down electrons in the presence of spin-orbit interaction. It is found that the effect depends on the longitudinal electric field and doping density as well as on temperature. The results are presented by discussing the dominant spin relaxation mechanisms in semiconductors. 14. Fractional quantization and the quantum hall effect International Nuclear Information System (INIS) Guerrero, J.; Calixto, M.; Aldaya, V. 1998-01-01 Quantization with constrains is considered in a group-theoretical framework, providing a precise characterization of the set of good operators, i.e., those preserving the constrained Hilbert space, in terms of the representation of the subgroup of constraints. This machinery is applied to the quantization of the torus as symplectic manifold, obtaining that fractional quantum numbers are permitted, provided that we allow for vector valued representations. The good operators turn out to be the Wilson loops and, for certain representations of the subgroup of constraints, the modular transformations. These results are applied to the Fractional Quantum Hall Effect, where interesting implications are derived 15. Excitons in the Fractional Quantum Hall Effect Science.gov (United States) Laughlin, R. B. 1984-09-01 Quasiparticles of charge 1/m in the Fractional Quantum Hall Effect form excitons, which are collective excitations physically similar to the transverse magnetoplasma oscillations of a Wigner crystal. A variational exciton wavefunction which shows explicitly that the magnetic length is effectively longer for quasiparticles than for electrons is proposed. This wavefunction is used to estimate the dispersion relation of these excitons and the matrix elements to generate them optically out of the ground state. These quantities are then used to describe a type of nonlinear conductivity which may occur in these systems when they are relatively clean. 16. The fractional quantum Hall effect goes organic International Nuclear Information System (INIS) Smet, Jurgen 2000-01-01 Physicists have been fascinated by the behaviour of two-dimensional electron gases for the past two decades. All of these experiments were performed on inorganic semiconductor devices, most of them based on gallium arsenide. Indeed, until recently it was thought that the subtle effects that arise due to electron-electron interactions in these devices required levels of purity that could not be achieved in other material systems. However, Hendrik Schoen, Christian Kloc and Bertram Batlogg of Bell Laboratories in the US have now observed the fractional quantum Hall effect - the most dramatic signature of electron-electron interactions - in two organic semiconductors. (U.K.) 17. A Compton polarimeter for CEBAF Hall A Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB) Bardin, G; Cavata, C; Frois, B; Juillard, M; Kerhoas, S; Languillat, J C; Legoff, J M; Mangeot, P; Martino, J; Platchkov, S; Rebourgeard, P; Vernin, P; Veyssiere, C; CEBAF Hall A Collaboration 1994-09-01 The physic program at CEBAF Hall A includes several experiments using 4 GeV polarized electron beam: parity violation in electron elastic scattering from proton and {sup 4}He, electric form factor of the proton by recoil polarization, neutron spin structure function at low Q{sup 2}. Some of these experiments will need beam polarization measurement and monitoring with an accuracy close to 4%, for beam currents ranging from 100 nA to 100 microA. A project of a Compton Polarimeter that will meet these requirements is presented. It will comprise four dipoles and a symmetric cavity consisting of two identical mirrors. 1 fig., 10 refs. 18. Hall conductivity for two dimensional magnetic systems International Nuclear Information System (INIS) Desbois, J.; Ouvry, S.; Texier, C. 1996-01-01 A Kubo inspired formalism is proposed to compute the longitudinal and transverse dynamical conductivities of an electron in a plane (or a gas of electrons at zero temperature) coupled to the potential vector of an external local magnetic field, with the additional coupling of the spin degree of freedom of the electron to the local magnetic field (Pauli Hamiltonian). As an example, the homogeneous magnetic field Hall conductivity is rederived. The case of the vortex at the origin is worked out in detail. A perturbative analysis is proposed for the conductivity in the random magnetic impurity problem (Poissonian vortices in the plane). (author) 19. Antigenicity of Anisakis simplex s.s. L3 in parasitized fish after heating conditions used in the canning processing. Science.gov (United States) Tejada, Margarita; Olivares, Fabiola; de las Heras, Cristina; Careche, Mercedes; Solas, María Teresa; García, María Luisa; Fernandez, Agustín; Mendizábal, Angel; Navas, Alfonso; Rodríguez-Mahillo, Ana Isabel; González-Muñoz, Miguel 2015-03-30 Some technological and food processing treatments applied to parasitized fish kill the Anisakis larvae and prevent infection and sensitization of consumers. However, residual allergenic activity of parasite allergens has been shown. The aim here was to study the effect of different heat treatments used in the fish canning processing industry on the antigen recognition of Anisakis L3. Bigeye tuna (Thunnus obesus) and yellowfin tuna (Thunnus albacares) were experimentally infected with live L3 Anisakis. After 48 h at 5 ± 1 °C, brine was added to the muscle, which was then canned raw (live larvae) or heated (90 °C, 30 min) (dead larvae) and treated at 113 °C for 60 min or at 115 °C for 90 min. Anisakis antigens and Ani s 4 were detected with anti-crude extract and anti-Ani s 4 antisera respectively. Ani s 4 decreased in all lots, but the muscle retained part of the allergenicity irrespective of the canning method, as observed by immunohistochemistry. Dot blot analysis showed a high loss of Ani s 4 recognition after canning, but residual antigenicity was present. The results indicate that heat treatment for sterilization under the conditions studied produces a decrease in Ani s 4 and suggest a potential exposure risk for Anisakis-sensitized patients. © 2014 Society of Chemical Industry. 20. The Impact of a Health Campaign on Hand Hygiene and Upper Respiratory Illness among College Students Living in Residence Halls. Science.gov (United States) White, Cindy; Kolble, Robin; Carlson, Rebecca; Lipson, Natasha 2005-01-01 Hand hygiene is a key element in preventing the transmission of cold and flu viruses. The authors conducted an experimental-control design study in 4 campus residence halls to determine whether a message campaign about hand hygiene and the availability of gel hand sanitizer could decrease cold and flu illness and school and work absenteeism. Their… 1. Extended fenske-hall calculation of inner-shell binding energies using ( Z + 1)-bazis sets: Sulfur-containing molecules Science.gov (United States) Zwanziger, Ch.; Zwanziger, H.; Szargan, R.; Reinhold, J. 1981-08-01 It is shown that the S1s and S2p binding energies and their chemical shifts in the molecules H 2S, SO 2, SF 6 and COS obtained with hole-state calculations using an extended Fenske-Hall method are in good agreement with experimental values if mixed ( Z + 1)-basis sets are applied. 2. Equivalence of donor and acceptor fits of temperature dependent Hall carrier density and Hall mobility data: Case of ZnO International Nuclear Information System (INIS) Brochen, Stéphane; Feuillet, Guy; Pernot, Julien 2014-01-01 In this work, statistical formulations of the temperature dependence of ionized and neutral impurity concentrations in a semiconductor, needed in the charge balance equation and for carrier scattering calculations, have been developed. These formulations have been used in order to elucidate a confusing situation, appearing when compensating acceptor (donor) levels are located sufficiently close to the conduction (valence) band to be thermally ionized and thereby to emit (capture) an electron to (from) the conduction (valence) band. In this work, the temperature dependent Hall carrier density and Hall mobility data adjustments are performed in an attempt to distinguish the presence of a deep acceptor or a deep donor level, coexisting with a shallower donor level and located near the conduction band. Unfortunately, the present statistical developments, applied to an n-type hydrothermal ZnO sample, lead in both cases to consistent descriptions of experimental Hall carrier density and mobility data and thus do not allow to determine the nature, donor or acceptor, of the deep level. This demonstration shows that the emission of an electron in the conduction band, generally assigned to a (0/+1) donor transition from a donor level cannot be applied systematically and could also be attributed to a (−1/0) donor transition from an acceptor level. More generally, this result can be extended for any semiconductor and also for deep donor levels located close to the valence band (acceptor transition) 3. Development and characterization of high-efficiency, high-specific impulse xenon Hall thrusters Science.gov (United States) Hofer, Richard Robert This dissertation presents research aimed at extending the efficient operation of 1600 s specific impulse Hall thruster technology to the 2000--3000 s range. While recent studies of commercially developed Hall thrusters demonstrated greater than 4000 s specific impulse, maximum efficiency occurred at less than 3000 s. It was hypothesized that the efficiency maximum resulted as a consequence of modern magnetic field designs, optimized for 1600 s, which were unsuitable at high-specific impulse. Motivated by the industry efforts and mission studies, the aim of this research was to develop and characterize xenon Hall thrusters capable of both high-specific impulse and high-efficiency operation. The research divided into development and characterization phases. During the development phase, the laboratory-model NASA-173M Hall thrusters were designed with plasma lens magnetic field topographies and their performance and plasma characteristics were evaluated. Experiments with the NASA-173M version 1 (v1) validated the plasma lens design by showing how changing the magnetic field topography at high-specific impulse improved efficiency. Experiments with the NASA-173M version 2 (v2) showed there was a minimum current density and optimum magnetic field topography at which efficiency monotonically increased with voltage. Between 300--1000 V, total specific impulse and total efficiency of the NASA-173Mv2 operating at 10 mg/s ranged from 1600--3400 s and 51--61%, respectively. Comparison of the thrusters showed that efficiency can be optimized for specific impulse by varying the plasma lens design. During the characterization phase, additional plasma properties of the NASA-173Mv2 were measured and a performance model was derived accounting for a multiply-charged, partially-ionized plasma. Results from the model based on experimental data showed how efficient operation at high-specific impulse was enabled through regulation of the electron current with the magnetic field. The 4. Some applications of the field theory to condensed matter physics: the different sides of the quantum Hall effect International Nuclear Information System (INIS) Chandelier, F. 2003-12-01 The quantum Hall effect appears in low temperature electron systems submitted to intense magnetic fields. Electrons are trapped in a thin layer (∼ 100.10 -8 cm thick) at the interface between 2 semiconductors or between a semiconductor and an insulating material. This thesis presents 3 personal contributions to the physics of plane systems and particularly to quantum Hall effect systems. The first contribution is a topological approach, it involves the study of Landau's problem in a geometry nearing that of Hall effect experiments. A mathematical formalism has been defined and by using the Kubo's formula, the quantification of the Hall conductivity can be linked to the Chern class of threaded holes. The second contribution represents a phenomenological approach based on dual symmetries and particularly on modular symmetries. This contribution uses visibility diagrams that have already produced right predictions concerning resistivity curves or band structures. The introduction of a physical equivalence has allowed us to build a phase diagram for the quantum Hall effect at zero temperature. This phase diagram agrees with the experimental facts concerning : -) the existence of 2 insulating phases, -) direct transitions between an insulating phase and any Hall phase through integer or fractionary values of the filling factor (ν), -) selection rules, and -) classification of the Hall states and their distribution around a metal state. The third contribution concerns another phenomenological approach based on duality symmetries. We have considered a class of (2+1)-dimensional effective models with a Maxwell-Chern-Simons part that includes a non-locality. This non-locality implies the existence of a hidden duality symmetry with a Z 2 component: z → 1/z. This symmetry has allowed us to meet the results of the Fisher's law concerning the components of the resistivity tensor. (A.C.) 5. Measurement of the masses of the electroweak gauge bosons at L3; Bestimmung der Massen der elektroschwachen Eichbosonen bei L3 Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB) Rosenbleck, C. 2006-10-09 This thesis presents the measurement of the masses of the carriers of the weak force in the Standard Model of Particle Physics, the gauge bosons W and Z. The masses are determined using the kinematics of the bosons' decay products. The data were collected by the L3 experiment at the Large Electron Positron Collider (LEP) at centre-of-mass energies, {radical}(s), between 183 GeV and 209 GeV in the years 1997 to 2000. The Z-boson mass is determined to be m{sub Z}=91.272{+-}0.046 GeV. The second part of this analysis describes the measurement of the mass of the W-boson. The W-boson mass is determined to be m{sub W}=80.242{+-}0.057 GeV in this analysis. If combined with the L3 results at lower centre-of-mass energies, the final W boson mass value is m{sub W}=80.270{+-}0.055 GeV. The {rho} parameter is defined as {rho}=m{sup 2}{sub W}/(m{sup 2}{sub Z} . cos{sup 2} {theta}{sub W}). Using the value of m{sub Z} obtained in the Z resonance scan, the final value for m{sub W} and the value of {theta}{sub W}, {rho} is obtained to be {rho}=0.9937{+-}0.0024, yielding a 2.6{sigma} deviation from 1. Combining the L3 value for m{sub W} with the results of the LEP experiments ALEPH, DELPHI, and OPAL and the TEVATRON experiments CDF and DOe yields a W boson mass of m{sub W}=80.392{+-}0.029 GeV. Together with other measurements this determines the best value of the Higgs-boson mass to be m{sub H}=85{sub -28}{sup +39} GeV. (orig.) 6. Asymmetric light transmission based on coupling between photonic crystal waveguides and L1/L3 cavity Science.gov (United States) Zhang, Jinqiannan; Chai, Hongyu; Yu, Zhongyuan; Cheng, Xiang; Ye, Han; Liu, Yumin 2017-09-01 A compact design of all-optical diode with mode conversion function based on a two-dimensional photonic crystal waveguide and an L1 or L3 cavity is theoretically investigated. The proposed photonic crystal structures comprise a triangular arrangement of air holes embedded in a silicon substrate. Asymmetric light propagation is achieved via the spatial mode match/mismatch in the coupling region. The simulations show that at each cavity's resonance frequency, the transmission efficiency of the structure with the L1 and L3 cavities reach 79% and 73%, while the corresponding unidirectionalities are 46 and 37 dB, respectively. The functional frequency can be controlled by simply adjusting the radii of specific air holes in the L1 and L3 cavities. The proposed structure can be used as a frequency filter, a beam splitter and has potential applications in all-optical integrated circuits. 7. Cylindrical Hall Thrusters with Permanent Magnets International Nuclear Information System (INIS) Raitses, Yevgeny; Merino, Enrique; Fisch, Nathaniel J. 2010-01-01 The use of permanent magnets instead of electromagnet coils for low power Hall thrusters can offer a significant reduction of both the total electric power consumption and the thruster mass. Two permanent magnet versions of the miniaturized cylindrical Hall thruster (CHT) of different overall dimensions were operated in the power range of 50W-300 W. The discharge and plasma plume measurements revealed that the CHT thrusters with permanent magnets and electromagnet coils operate rather differently. In particular, the angular ion current density distribution from the permanent magnet thrusters has an unusual halo shape, with a majority of high energy ions flowing at large angles with respect to the thruster centerline. Differences in the magnetic field topology outside the thruster channel and in the vicinity of the channel exit are likely responsible for the differences in the plume characteristics measured for the CHTs with electromagnets and permanent magnets. It is shown that the presence of the reversing-direction or cusp-type magnetic field configuration inside the thruster channel without a strong axial magnetic field outside the thruster channel does not lead to the halo plasma plume from the CHT. 8. Bimetric Theory of Fractional Quantum Hall States Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden) Andrey Gromov 2017-11-01 Full Text Available We present a bimetric low-energy effective theory of fractional quantum Hall (FQH states that describes the topological properties and a gapped collective excitation, known as the Girvin-Macdonald-Platzman (GMP mode. The theory consists of a topological Chern-Simons action, coupled to a symmetric rank-2 tensor, and an action à la bimetric gravity, describing the gapped dynamics of a spin-2 mode. The theory is formulated in curved ambient space and is spatially covariant, which allows us to restrict the form of the effective action and the values of phenomenological coefficients. Using bimetric theory, we calculate the projected static structure factor up to the k^{6} order in the momentum expansion. To provide further support for the theory, we derive the long-wave limit of the GMP algebra, the dispersion relation of the GMP mode, and the Hall viscosity of FQH states. The particle-hole (PH transformation of the theory takes a very simple form, making the duality between FQH states and their PH conjugates manifest. We also comment on the possible applications to fractional Chern insulators, where closely related structures arise. It is shown that the familiar FQH observables acquire a curious geometric interpretation within the bimetric formalism. 9. Bimetric Theory of Fractional Quantum Hall States Science.gov (United States) Gromov, Andrey; Son, Dam Thanh 2017-10-01 We present a bimetric low-energy effective theory of fractional quantum Hall (FQH) states that describes the topological properties and a gapped collective excitation, known as the Girvin-Macdonald-Platzman (GMP) mode. The theory consists of a topological Chern-Simons action, coupled to a symmetric rank-2 tensor, and an action à la bimetric gravity, describing the gapped dynamics of a spin-2 mode. The theory is formulated in curved ambient space and is spatially covariant, which allows us to restrict the form of the effective action and the values of phenomenological coefficients. Using bimetric theory, we calculate the projected static structure factor up to the k6 order in the momentum expansion. To provide further support for the theory, we derive the long-wave limit of the GMP algebra, the dispersion relation of the GMP mode, and the Hall viscosity of FQH states. The particle-hole (PH) transformation of the theory takes a very simple form, making the duality between FQH states and their PH conjugates manifest. We also comment on the possible applications to fractional Chern insulators, where closely related structures arise. It is shown that the familiar FQH observables acquire a curious geometric interpretation within the bimetric formalism. 10. Repurposing the Caltech Robinson Hall Coelostat Science.gov (United States) Treffers, Richard R.; Loisos, G.; Ubbelohde, M.; Douglas, S.; Martinez, M. 2013-01-01 We describe the repurposing of the historic coelostat atop Caltech’s Robinson Hall for building lighting, public education and scientific research. The coelostat was originally part of George Ellery Hale’s vision of the Astrophysical Laboratory on the Caltech campus in 1932. The coelostat, designed by Russell Porter, has a 36 inch diameter primary mirror a 30 inch diameter secondary mirror and provides a 24 inch un-vignetted beam of sunlight into the building. Although constructed in the 1930s, due to wartime pressures and other projects, it was used only briefly in the 1970s and never fully realized. Recently Robinson Hall has been fully renovated to house the Ronald and Maxine Linde Center for Global Environmental Science. The coelostat operation was modernized replacing the old motors and automating all the motions. Each morning, if the weather cooperates, the dome slit opens, the mirrors configured and sunlight pours into the building. The beam of sunlight is divided into three parts. One part goes into a refracting telescope which projects a ten inch diameter of the sun onto a ground glass screen visible to the public. A second fraction is distributed to fiber optic fixtures that illuminate some of the basement rooms. The final fraction goes into two laboratories where it is used in experiments monitoring trace constituents of our atmosphere and for solar catalysis experiments. The instrument as originally conceived required at least two human operators. Now it is fully automatic and doing real science 11. Undulator Hall Air Temperature Fault Scenarios International Nuclear Information System (INIS) Sevilla, J. 2010-01-01 Recent experience indicates that the LCLS undulator segments must not, at any time following tuning, be allowed to change temperature by more than about ±2.5 C or the magnetic center will irreversibly shift outside of acceptable tolerances. This vulnerability raises a concern that under fault conditions the ambient temperature in the Undulator Hall might go outside of the safe range and potentially could require removal and retuning of all the segments. In this note we estimate changes that can be expected in the Undulator Hall air temperature for three fault scenarios: (1) System-wide power failure; (2) Heating Ventilation and Air Conditioning (HVAC) system shutdown; and (3) HVAC system temperature regulation fault. We find that for either a system-wide power failure or an HVAC system shutdown (with the technical equipment left on), the short-term temperature changes of the air would be modest due to the ability of the walls and floor to act as a heat ballast. No action would be needed to protect the undulator system in the event of a system-wide power failure. Some action to adjust the heat balance, in the case of the HVAC power failure with the equipment left on, might be desirable but is not required. On the other hand, a temperature regulation failure of the HVAC system can quickly cause large excursions in air temperature and prompt action would be required to avoid damage to the undulator system. 12. Benchmark experiments on neutron streaming through JET Torus Hall penetrations Science.gov (United States) Batistoni, P.; Conroy, S.; Lilley, S.; Naish, J.; Obryk, B.; Popovichev, S.; Stamatelatos, I.; Syme, B.; Vasilopoulou, T.; contributors, JET 2015-05-01 Neutronics experiments are performed at JET for validating in a real fusion environment the neutronics codes and nuclear data applied in ITER nuclear analyses. In particular, the neutron fluence through the penetrations of the JET torus hall is measured and compared with calculations to assess the capability of state-of-art numerical tools to correctly predict the radiation streaming in the ITER biological shield penetrations up to large distances from the neutron source, in large and complex geometries. Neutron streaming experiments started in 2012 when several hundreds of very sensitive thermo-luminescence detectors (TLDs), enriched to different levels in 6LiF/7LiF, were used to measure the neutron and gamma dose separately. Lessons learnt from this first experiment led to significant improvements in the experimental arrangements to reduce the effects due to directional neutron source and self-shielding of TLDs. Here we report the results of measurements performed during the 2013-2014 JET campaign. Data from new positions, at further locations in the South West labyrinth and down to the Torus Hall basement through the air duct chimney, were obtained up to about a 40 m distance from the plasma neutron source. In order to avoid interference between TLDs due to self-shielding effects, only TLDs containing natural Lithium and 99.97% 7Li were used. All TLDs were located in the centre of large polyethylene (PE) moderators, with natLi and 7Li crystals evenly arranged within two PE containers, one in horizontal and the other in vertical orientation, to investigate the shadowing effect in the directional neutron field. All TLDs were calibrated in the quantities of air kerma and neutron fluence. This improved experimental arrangement led to reduced statistical spread in the experimental data. The Monte Carlo N-Particle (MCNP) code was used to calculate the air kerma due to neutrons and the neutron fluence at detector positions, using a JET model validated up to the 13. STAR-CCM+ (CFD) Calculations and Validation L3:VVI.H2L.P15.02 Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB) Gilkey, Lindsay [Sandia National Lab. (SNL-NM), Albuquerque, NM (United States) 2017-09-05 This milestone presents a demonstration of the High-to-Low (Hi2Lo) process in the VVI focus area. Validation and additional calculations with the commercial computational fluid dynamics code, STAR-CCM+, were performed using a 5x5 fuel assembly with non-mixing geometry and spacer grids. This geometry was based on the benchmark experiment provided by Westinghouse. Results from the simulations were compared to existing experimental data and to the subchannel thermal-hydraulics code COBRA-TF (CTF). An uncertainty quantification (UQ) process was developed for the STAR-CCM+ model and results of the STAR UQ were communicated to CTF. Results from STAR-CCM+ simulations were used as experimental design points in CTF to calibrate the mixing parameter β and compared to results obtained using experimental data points. This demonstrated that CTF’s β parameter can be calibrated to match existing experimental data more closely. The Hi2Lo process for the STAR-CCM+/CTF code coupling was documented in this milestone and closely linked L3:VVI.H2LP15.01 milestone report. 14. The second level trigger of the L3 experiment. Pt. 1 International Nuclear Information System (INIS) Bertsch, Y.; Blaising, J.J.; Bonnefon, H.; Chollet-Le Flour, F.; Degre, A.; Dromby, G.; Lecoq, J.; Morand, R.; Moynot, M.; Perrot, G.; Riccadonna, X. 1993-07-01 The second level trigger of the L3 experiment performs online background rejection and reduces the first level trigger rate to a value fitting with the third level trigger processing capability. Designed around a set of 3 bit-slice XOP microprocessors, it can process up to 500 first level triggers per second without significant dead time in the data acquisition. The system described here ensures the L3 data taking since the beginning of LEP in July 1989 and the online rejection since 1990. (authors). 24 refs., 8 figs., 3 tabs 15. Safety analysis report for packaging (onsite) L3-181 N basin cask International Nuclear Information System (INIS) 1996-01-01 Purpose of this Safety Analysis Report (SARP) is to authorize the onsite transfer of a Type B, Fissile Excepted, non-highway route controlled quantity in the L3-181 packaging from the N Basin to a storage/disposal facility within 200 West Area. This SARP provides the evaluation necessary to demonstrate that the L3-181 meets the requirements of the 'Hazardous Material Packaging and Shipping', WHC- CM-2-14, by meeting the applicable performance requirements for normal conditions of transport 16. Experimental Test of the Spin Mixing Interface Conductivity Concept NARCIS (Netherlands) Weiler, M.; Althammer, M.; Schreier, M.; Lotze, J.; Pernpeintner, M.; Meyer, S.; Huebl, H.; Gross, R.; Kamra, A.; Xiao, J.; Chen, Y.T.; Jiao, H.J.; Bauer, G.E.W.; Goennenwein, S.T.B. 2013-01-01 We perform a quantitative, comparative study of the spin pumping, spin Seebeck, and spin Hall magnetoresistance effects, all detected via the inverse spin Hall effect in a series of over 20??yttrium???iron?garnet/Pt samples. Our experimental results fully support present, exclusively spin 17. A simple approach to detect and correct signal faults of Hall position sensors for brushless DC motors at steady speed Science.gov (United States) Shi, Yongli; Wu, Zhong; Zhi, Kangyi; Xiong, Jun 2018-03-01 In order to realize reliable commutation of brushless DC motors (BLDCMs), a simple approach is proposed to detect and correct signal faults of Hall position sensors in this paper. First, the time instant of the next jumping edge for Hall signals is predicted by using prior information of pulse intervals in the last electrical period. Considering the possible errors between the predicted instant and the real one, a confidence interval is set by using the predicted value and a suitable tolerance for the next pulse edge. According to the relationship between the real pulse edge and the confidence interval, Hall signals can be judged and the signal faults can be corrected. Experimental results of a BLDCM at steady speed demonstrate the effectiveness of the approach. 18. Excess hall effect in epitaxial YBCO film under moderate magnetic fields, approached by renormalized superconducting fluctuations model International Nuclear Information System (INIS) Puica, I.; Lang, W.; Goeb, W.; Sobolewski, R. 2002-01-01 Full text: Measurements of the Hall effect and the resistivity on precisely-patterned YBCO thin film in moderate magnetic fields B from 0.5 to 6 T oriented parallel to the crystallographic c axis reveal a sign reversal of the Hall coefficient for B < 3 T. The data are confronted with the full quantitative expressions given by the renormalized fluctuation model for the excess Hall conductivity. The model offers a satisfactory quantitative approach to the experimental results, for moderate fields and temperatures near the critical region, provided the inhomogeneity of the critical temperature distribution is also taken into account. For lower fields and temperatures, the adequacy of the model is altered by vortex pinning. (author) 19. Effect of non-uniform Hall parameter on the electrode voltage drop in Faraday-type combustion MHD generators International Nuclear Information System (INIS) Gupta, G.P.; Rohatgi, V.K. 1982-01-01 Following a simplified approach, an expression is derived for the gas-dynamic voltage drop in a finitely segmented Faraday-type combustion MHD generator, taking into account the non-uniform Hall parameter across the channel. Combining the electrical sheath voltage drop, discussed briefly, with the gas-dynamic voltage drop, the effect of a non-uniform Hall parameter on the electrode voltage drop is studied using the theoretical and experimental input parameters of the Indian MHD channel test. The condition for the validity of the usual assumption of uniform Hall parameter across the channel is pointed out. Analysis of the measured electrode voltage drop predicts the real gas conductivity in the core to be in the range of 60 to 75 per cent of the theoretically calculated core conductivity. (author) 20. Mary E. Hall: Dawn of the Professional School Librarian Science.gov (United States) Alto, Teresa 2012-01-01 A century ago, a woman named Mary E. Hall convinced school leaders of the need for the professional school librarian--a librarian who cultivated a love of reading, academic achievement, and independent learning skills. After graduating from New York City's Pratt Institute Library School in 1895, Hall developed her vision for the high school… 1. What is the Hallé? | Smith | Philosophical Papers African Journals Online (AJOL) The bulk of the paper examines the difficulty of reconciling the view that the Hallé is several individuals with two prima facie plausible theses about the manner of its persistence through time. The paper is structured around some remarks made by Peter Simons about groups, and the Hallé in particular, in his Parts. 2. Energy spectrum, dissipation, and spatial structures in reduced Hall magnetohydrodynamic Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB) Martin, L. N.; Dmitruk, P. [Departamento de Fisica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires and IFIBA, CONICET, Ciudad Universitaria, 1428 Buenos Aires (Argentina); Gomez, D. O. [Departamento de Fisica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires and IFIBA, CONICET, Ciudad Universitaria, 1428 Buenos Aires (Argentina); Instituto de Astronomia y Fisica del Espacio, CONICET, Buenos Aires (Argentina) 2012-05-15 We analyze the effect of the Hall term in the magnetohydrodynamic turbulence under a strong externally supported magnetic field, seeing how this changes the energy cascade, the characteristic scales of the flow, and the dynamics of global magnitudes, with particular interest in the dissipation. Numerical simulations of freely evolving three-dimensional reduced magnetohydrodynamics are performed, for different values of the Hall parameter (the ratio of the ion skin depth to the macroscopic scale of the turbulence) controlling the impact of the Hall term. The Hall effect modifies the transfer of energy across scales, slowing down the transfer of energy from the large scales up to the Hall scale (ion skin depth) and carrying faster the energy from the Hall scale to smaller scales. The final outcome is an effective shift of the dissipation scale to larger scales but also a development of smaller scales. Current sheets (fundamental structures for energy dissipation) are affected in two ways by increasing the Hall effect, with a widening but at the same time generating an internal structure within them. In the case where the Hall term is sufficiently intense, the current sheet is fully delocalized. The effect appears to reduce impulsive effects in the flow, making it less intermittent. 3. Quantifying Spin Hall Angles from Spin Pumping : Experiments and Theory NARCIS (Netherlands) Mosendz, O.; Pearson, J.E.; Fradin, F.Y.; Bauer, G.E.W.; Bader, S.D.; Hoffmann, A. 2010-01-01 Spin Hall effects intermix spin and charge currents even in nonmagnetic materials and, therefore, ultimately may allow the use of spin transport without the need for ferromagnets. We show how spin Hall effects can be quantified by integrating Ni80Fe20|normal metal (N) bilayers into a coplanar 4. Stuart Hall on Racism and the Importance of Diasporic Thinking Science.gov (United States) Rizvi, Fazal 2015-01-01 In this article, I want to show how my initial encounter with the work of Stuart Hall was grounded in my reading of the later philosophy of Ludwig Wittgenstein, and was shaped by my interest in understanding the nature of racism across the three countries in which I had lived. Over the years, Hall's various writings have helped me to make sense of… 5. Theory of the quantum hall effects in lattice systems International Nuclear Information System (INIS) Kliros, G.S. 1990-06-01 The Fractional Quantum Hall Effect is identified as an Integral Quantum Hall Effect of electrons on a lattice with an even number of statistical flux quanta. A variational wavefunction in terms of the Hofstadter lattice eigenstates is proposed. (author). 21 refs 6. A Residential Paradox?: Residence Hall Attributes and College Student Outcomes Science.gov (United States) Bronkema, Ryan; Bowman, Nicholas A. 2017-01-01 The researchers of this brief observed that few environments have the potential to shape the outcomes of college students as much as residence halls. As a result, residence halls have the capacity to foster a strong sense of community as well as other important outcomes such as college satisfaction and academic achievement. However, given the high… 7. Bulk Versus Edge in the Quantum Hall Effect OpenAIRE Kao, Y. -C.; Lee, D. -H. 1996-01-01 The manifestation of the bulk quantum Hall effect on edge is the chiral anomaly. The chiral anomaly {\\it is} the underlying principle of the edge approach'' of quantum Hall effect. In that approach, $\\sxy$ should not be taken as the conductance derived from the space-local current-current correlation function of the pure one-dimensional edge problem. 8. Critical current in the Integral Quantum Hall Effect International Nuclear Information System (INIS) 1985-11-01 A multiparticle theory of the Integral Quantum Hall Effect (IQHE) was constructed operating with pairs wave function as an order parameter. The IQHE is described with bosonic macroscopic states while the fractional QHE with fermionic ones. The calculation of the critical current and Hall conductivity temperature dependence is presented. (author) 9. Useful Pedagogical Applications of the Classical Hall Effect Science.gov (United States) Houari, Ahmed 2007-01-01 One of the most known phenomena in physics is the Hall effect. This is mainly due to its simplicity and to the wide range of its theoretical and practical applications. To complete the pedagogical utility of the Hall effect in physics teaching, I will apply it here to determine the Faraday constant as a fundamental physical number and the number… 10. A Novel Hall Effect Sensor Using Elaborate Offset Cancellation Method Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden) Vlassis N. Petoussis 2009-01-01 Full Text Available The Hall effect is caused by a traverse force that is formed in the electrons or holes of metal element or semiconductor when are polarized by current source and simultaneously all the system it is found vertical in external magnetic field. Result is finally the production of difference of potential (Hall voltage in address vertical in that of current and magnetic field directions. In the present work is presented a new Hall sensor exploiting the former operation. In combination with his pioneering form and using dynamic spinning current technique with an elaborate sequence, it leads to satisfactory results of produced Hall voltage with small noise in a presence of external magnetic field. Anyone can see both the spinning current and anti-Hall technique in the same sensor simultaneously. 11. Migrants and Their Experiences of Time: Edward T. Hall Revisited Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden) Elisabeth Schilling 2009-01-01 Full Text Available In this paper we reassess the scientific heritage of Edward T. HALL and his contribution to the area of intercultural communication. The key objectives of our study are to demonstrate the applicability of HALL's theory of culture to empirical research and to establish its compatibility with other methods. Specifically, we propose that Alfred SCHÜTZ's phenomenology of sociality be taken as an extension to HALL. The connection between HALL and SCHÜTZ is made possible by the mutual emphases on the temporal dimension of culture and the temporal aspects of migration. With these foci we analyze six narratives by two groups of migrants: German and Russian. By combining HALL's theory of the cultural time with SCHÜTZ's phenomenological perspective on time and the Other and then applying them to empirical data, we show the terms in which different cultures experience time. URN: urn:nbn:de:0114-fqs0901357 12. Magnetic Measurements of the Background Field in the Undulator Hall International Nuclear Information System (INIS) Fisher, Andrew 2010-01-01 The steel present in the construction of the undulator hall facility has the potential for changing the ambient fields present in the undulator hall. This note describes a measurement done to make a comparison between the fields in the hall and in the Magnetic Measurement Facility. In order for the undulators to have the proper tuning, the background magnetic field in the Undulator Hall should agree with the background field in the Magnetic Measurements Facility within .5 gauss. In order to verify that this was the case measurements were taken along the length of the undulator hall, and the point measurements were compared to the mean field which was measured on the MMF test bench. 13. Angular Magnetoresistance and Hall Measurements in New Dirac Material, ZrSiS Science.gov (United States) Ali, Mazhar; Schoop, Leslie; Lotsch, Bettina; Parkin, Stuart Dirac and Weyl materials have shot to the forefront of condensed matter research in the last few years. Recently, the square-net material, ZrSiS, was theorized and experimentally shown (via ARPES) to host several highly dispersive Dirac cones, including the first Dirac cone demanded by non-symmorphic symmetry in a Si square net. Here we report the magnetoresistance and Hall Effect measurements in this compound. ZrSiS samples with RRR = 40 were found to have MR values up to 6000% at 2 K, be predominantly p-type with a carrier concentration of ~8 x 1019 cm-3 and mobility ~8500 cm2/Vs. Angular magnetoresistance measurements reveal a peculiar behavior with multiple local maxima, depending on field strength, indicating of a sensitive and sensitive Fermi surface. SdH oscillations analysis confirms Hall and angular magnetoresistance measurements. These results, in the context of the theoretical and ARPES results, will be discussed. 14. Quasiparticle-mediated spin Hall effect in a superconductor. Science.gov (United States) Wakamura, T; Akaike, H; Omori, Y; Niimi, Y; Takahashi, S; Fujimaki, A; Maekawa, S; Otani, Y 2015-07-01 In some materials the competition between superconductivity and magnetism brings about a variety of unique phenomena such as the coexistence of superconductivity and magnetism in heavy-fermion superconductors or spin-triplet supercurrent in ferromagnetic Josephson junctions. Recent observations of spin-charge separation in a lateral spin valve with a superconductor evidence that these remarkable properties are applicable to spintronics, although there are still few works exploring this possibility. Here, we report the experimental observation of the quasiparticle-mediated spin Hall effect in a superconductor, NbN. This compound exhibits the inverse spin Hall (ISH) effect even below the superconducting transition temperature. Surprisingly, the ISH signal increases by more than 2,000 times compared with that in the normal state with a decrease of the injected spin current. The effect disappears when the distance between the voltage probes becomes larger than the charge imbalance length, corroborating that the huge ISH signals measured are mediated by quasiparticles. 15. Shot-noise evidence of fractional quasiparticle creation in a local fractional quantum Hall state. Science.gov (United States) Hashisaka, Masayuki; Ota, Tomoaki; Muraki, Koji; Fujisawa, Toshimasa 2015-02-06 We experimentally identify fractional quasiparticle creation in a tunneling process through a local fractional quantum Hall (FQH) state. The local FQH state is prepared in a low-density region near a quantum point contact in an integer quantum Hall (IQH) system. Shot-noise measurements reveal a clear transition from elementary-charge tunneling at low bias to fractional-charge tunneling at high bias. The fractional shot noise is proportional to T(1)(1-T(1)) over a wide range of T(1), where T(1) is the transmission probability of the IQH edge channel. This binomial distribution indicates that fractional quasiparticles emerge from the IQH state to be transmitted through the local FQH state. The study of this tunneling process enables us to elucidate the dynamics of Laughlin quasiparticles in FQH systems. 16. Voltage transients in thin-film InSb Hall sensor Science.gov (United States) Bardin, Alexey; Ignatjev, Vyacheslav; Orlov, Andrey; Perchenko, Sergey The work is reached to study temperature transients in thin-film Hall sensors. We experimentally study InSb thin-film Hall sensor. We find transients of voltage with amplitude about 10 μ V on the sensor ports after current switching. We demonstrate by direct measurements that the transients is caused by thermo-e.m.f., and both non-stationarity and heterogeneity of temperature in the film. We find significant asymmetry of temperature field for different direction of the current, which is probably related to Peltier effect. The result can be useful for wide range of scientist who works with switching of high density currents in any thin semiconductor films. 17. The aerogel threshold Cherenkov detector for the high momentum spectrometer in Hall C at Jefferson lab International Nuclear Information System (INIS) Razmik Asaturyan; Rolf Ent; Howard Fenker; David Gaskell; Garth Huber; Mark Jones; David Mack; Hamlet Mkrtchyan; Bert Metzger; Nadia Novikoff; Vardan Tadevosyan; William Vulcan; Stephen Wood 2004-01-01 We describe a new aerogel threshold Cherenkov detector installed in the HMS spectrometer in Hall C at Jefferson Lab. The Hall C experimental program in 2003 required an improved particle identification system for better identification of π/K/p, which was achieved by installing an additional threshold Cherenkov counter. Two types of aerogel with n = 1.03 and n = 1.015 allow one to reach ∼10 -3 proton and 10 -2 kaon rejection in the 1-5 GeV/c momentum range with pion detection efficiency better than 99% (97%). The detector response shows no significant position dependence due to a diffuse light collection technique. The diffusion box was equipped with 16 Photonis XP4572 PMT's. The mean number of photoelectrons in saturation was ∼16 and ∼8, respectively. Moderate particle identification is feasible near threshold 18. Geometrical Optics of Beams with Vortices: Berry Phase and Orbital Angular Momentum Hall Effect International Nuclear Information System (INIS) Bliokh, Konstantin Yu. 2006-01-01 We consider propagation of a paraxial beam carrying the spin angular momentum (polarization) and intrinsic orbital angular momentum (IOAM) in a smoothly inhomogeneous isotropic medium. It is shown that the presence of IOAM can dramatically enhance and rearrange the topological phenomena that previously were considered solely in connection to the polarization of transverse waves. In particular, the appearance of a new type of Berry phase that describes the parallel transport of the beam structure along a curved ray is predicted. We derive the ray equations demonstrating the splitting of beams with different values of IOAM. This is the orbital angular momentum Hall effect, which resembles the Magnus effect for optical vortices. Unlike the spin Hall effect of photons, it can be much larger in magnitude and is inherent to waves of any nature. Experimental means to detect the phenomena are discussed 19. Determination of the Pt spin diffusion length by spin-pumping and spin Hall effect Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB) Zhang, Wei; Pearson, John E.; Hoffmann, Axel [Materials Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439 (United States); Vlaminck, Vincent [Materials Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439 (United States); Colegio de Ciencias e Ingenería, Universidad San Fransciso de Quito, Quito (Ecuador); Divan, Ralu [Center for Nanoscale Materials, Argonne National Laboratory, Illinois 60439 (United States); Bader, Samuel D. [Materials Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439 (United States); Center for Nanoscale Materials, Argonne National Laboratory, Illinois 60439 (United States) 2013-12-09 The spin diffusion length of Pt at room temperature and at 8 K is experimentally determined via spin pumping and spin Hall effect in permalloy/Pt bilayers. Voltages generated during excitation of ferromagnetic resonance from the inverse spin Hall effect and anisotropic magnetoresistance effect were investigated with a broadband approach. Varying the Pt layer thickness gives rise to an evolution of the voltage line shape due to the superposition of the above two effects. By studying the ratio of the two voltage components with the Pt layer thickness, the spin diffusion length of Pt can be directly extracted. We obtain a spin diffusion length of ∼1.2 nm at room temperature and ∼1.6 nm at 8 K. 20. Geometrical optics of beams with vortices: Berry phase and orbital angular momentum Hall effect. Science.gov (United States) Bliokh, Konstantin Yu 2006-07-28 We consider propagation of a paraxial beam carrying the spin angular momentum (polarization) and intrinsic orbital angular momentum (IOAM) in a smoothly inhomogeneous isotropic medium. It is shown that the presence of IOAM can dramatically enhance and rearrange the topological phenomena that previously were considered solely in connection to the polarization of transverse waves. In particular, the appearance of a new type of Berry phase that describes the parallel transport of the beam structure along a curved ray is predicted. We derive the ray equations demonstrating the splitting of beams with different values of IOAM. This is the orbital angular momentum Hall effect, which resembles the Magnus effect for optical vortices. Unlike the spin Hall effect of photons, it can be much larger in magnitude and is inherent to waves of any nature. Experimental means to detect the phenomena are discussed. 1. Valley polarized quantum Hall effect and topological insulator phase transitions in silicene KAUST Repository Tahir, M. 2013-01-25 The electronic properties of silicene are distinct from both the conventional two dimensional electron gas and the famous graphene due to strong spin orbit interaction and the buckled structure. Silicene has the potential to overcome limitations encountered for graphene, in particular the zero band gap and weak spin orbit interaction. We demonstrate a valley polarized quantum Hall effect and topological insulator phase transitions. We use the Kubo formalism to discuss the Hall conductivity and address the longitudinal conductivity for elastic impurity scattering in the first Born approximation. We show that the combination of an electric field with intrinsic spin orbit interaction leads to quantum phase transitions at the charge neutrality point, providing a tool to experimentally tune the topological state. Silicene constitutes a model system for exploring the spin and valley physics not accessible in graphene due to the small spin orbit interaction. 2. Mover Position Detection for PMTLM Based on Linear Hall Sensors through EKF Processing. Science.gov (United States) Yan, Leyang; Zhang, Hui; Ye, Peiqing 2017-04-06 Accurate mover position is vital for a permanent magnet tubular linear motor (PMTLM) control system. In this paper, two linear Hall sensors are utilized to detect the mover position. However, Hall sensor signals contain third-order harmonics, creating errors in mover position detection. To filter out the third-order harmonics, a signal processing method based on the extended Kalman filter (EKF) is presented. The limitation of conventional processing method is first analyzed, and then EKF is adopted to detect the mover position. In the EKF model, the amplitude of the fundamental component and the percentage of the harmonic component are taken as state variables, and they can be estimated based solely on the measured sensor signals. Then, the harmonic component can be calculated and eliminated. The proposed method has the advantages of faster convergence, better stability and higher accuracy. Finally, experimental results validate the effectiveness and superiority of the proposed method. 3. The automatic test system for the L3 muon drift chamber amplifiers International Nuclear Information System (INIS) Bove, A.; Caiazzo, L.; Lanzano, S.; Manna, F.; Manto, G.; Parascandolo, L.; Parascandolo, P.; Parmentola, A.; Paternoster, G. 1987-01-01 We describe the system we developed to test the linearity of wire chambers amplifiers of the muon spectrometer presently in construction for the L3 experiment at LEP. The system, controlled by an Apple II computer, is capable of localizing both defective components and faults in the printed board. It will be used to perform the large scale quality control of the amplifier cards 4. Inter- and Intralingual Lexical Influences in Advanced Learners' French L3 Oral Production Science.gov (United States) Lindqvist, Christina 2010-01-01 The present study investigates lexical inter- and intralingual influences in the oral production of 14 very advanced learners of French L3. Lexical deviances are divided into two main categories: formal influence and meaning-based influence. The results show that, as predicted with respect to advanced learners, meaning-based influence is the most… 5. Joint International Workshop on Professional Learning, Competence Development and Knowledge Management - LOKMOL and L3NCD NARCIS (Netherlands) Memmel, Martin; Ras, Eric; Weibelzahl, Stephan; Burgos, Daniel; Olmedilla, Daniel; Wolpers, Martin 2006-01-01 Memmel, M., Ras, E., Weibelzahl, S., Burgos, D., Olmedilla, D., & Wolpers, M. (2006). Joint International Workshop on Professional Learning, Competence Development and Knowledge Management - LOKMOL and L3NCD. Proceedings of ECTEL 2006. October 2nd-4th, Crete, Greece. Retrieved October 2nd, 2006, 6. The Expansion of mtDNA Haplogroup L3 within and out of Africa Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database Soares, P.; Alshamali, F.; Pereira, J. B.; Fernandes, V.; Silva, N. M.; Afonso, C.; Costa, M. D.; Musilová, E.; Macaulay, V.; Richards, M. B.; Černý, Viktor; Pereira, L. 2012-01-01 Roč. 29, č. 3 (2012), s. 915-927 ISSN 0737-4038 R&D Projects: GA MŠk ME 917 Institutional research plan: CEZ:AV0Z80020508 Keywords : mtDNA * complete genomes * haplogroup L3 * out of Africa * modern human expansions Sub ject RIV: AC - Archeology, Anthropology, Ethnology Impact factor: 10.353, year: 2012 7. Enhanced Nonadiabaticity in Vortex Cores due to the Emergent Hall Effect KAUST Repository Bisig, André 2017-01-04 We present a combined theoretical and experimental study, investigating the origin of the enhanced nonadiabaticity of magnetic vortex cores. Scanning transmission x-ray microscopy is used to image the vortex core gyration dynamically to measure the nonadiabaticity with high precision, including a high confidence upper bound. We show theoretically, that the large nonadiabaticity parameter observed experimentally can be explained by the presence of local spin currents arising from a texture induced emergent Hall effect. This study demonstrates that the magnetic damping α and nonadiabaticity parameter β are very sensitive to the topology of the magnetic textures, resulting in an enhanced ratio (β/α>1) in magnetic vortex cores or Skyrmions. 8. Enhanced Nonadiabaticity in Vortex Cores due to the Emergent Hall Effect KAUST Repository Bisig, André ; Akosa, Collins Ashu; Moon, Jung-Hwan; Rhensius, Jan; Moutafis, Christoforos; von Bieren, Arndt; Heidler, Jakoba; Kiliani, Gillian; Kammerer, Matthias; Curcic, Michael; Weigand, Markus; Tyliszczak, Tolek; Van Waeyenberge, Bartel; Stoll, Hermann; Schü tz, Gisela; Lee, Kyung-Jin; Manchon, Aurelien; Klä ui, Mathias 2017-01-01 We present a combined theoretical and experimental study, investigating the origin of the enhanced nonadiabaticity of magnetic vortex cores. Scanning transmission x-ray microscopy is used to image the vortex core gyration dynamically to measure the nonadiabaticity with high precision, including a high confidence upper bound. We show theoretically, that the large nonadiabaticity parameter observed experimentally can be explained by the presence of local spin currents arising from a texture induced emergent Hall effect. This study demonstrates that the magnetic damping α and nonadiabaticity parameter β are very sensitive to the topology of the magnetic textures, resulting in an enhanced ratio (β/α>1) in magnetic vortex cores or Skyrmions. 9. Differential effect of L3T4+ cells on recovery from total-body irradiation International Nuclear Information System (INIS) Pantel, K.; Nakeff, A. 1990-01-01 We have examined the importance of L3T4+ (murine equivalent to CD4+) cells for hematopoietic regulation in vivo in unperturbed mice and mice recovering from total-body irradiation (TBI) using a cytotoxic monoclonal antibody (MoAb) raised with the GK 1.5 hybridoma. Ablating L3T4+ cells in normal (unperturbed) B6D2F1 mice substantially decreased the S-phase fraction (determined by in vivo hydroxyurea suicide) of erythroid progenitor cells (erythroid colony-forming units, CFU-E) as compared to the pretreatment level (10% +/- 14.1% [day 3 following depletion] vs 79.8% +/- 15.9%, respectively) with a corresponding decrease in the marrow content of CFU-E at this time to approximately 1% of the pretreatment value. Although the S-phase fraction of CFU-GM was decreased to 2.2% +/- 3.1% 3 days after L3T4+ cell ablation from the 21.3% +/- 8.3% pretreatment value, CFU-GM cellularity showed little change over the 3 days following anti-L3T4 treatment. Anti-L3T4 MoAb treatment had little or no effect on either the S-phase fraction or the marrow content of hematopoietic stem cells (spleen colony-forming units, CFU-S) committed to myeloerythroid differentiation. Ablating L3T4+ cells prior to a single dose of 2 Gy TBI resulted in significantly reduced marrow contents of CFU-S on day 3 and granulocyte-macrophage colony-forming units (CFU-GM) on day 6 following TBI, with little or no effect on the corresponding recovery of CFU-E. The present findings provide the first in vivo evidence that L3T4+ cells are involved in: (1) maintaining the proliferative activity of CFU-E and CFU-GM in unperturbed mice and (2) supporting the restoration of CFU-S and CFU-GM following TBI-induced myelosuppression 10. Novel CREB3L3 Nonsense Mutation in a Family With Dominant Hypertriglyceridemia. Science.gov (United States) Cefalù, Angelo B; Spina, Rossella; Noto, Davide; Valenti, Vincenza; Ingrassia, Valeria; Giammanco, Antonina; Panno, Maria D; Ganci, Antonina; Barbagallo, Carlo M; Averna, Maurizio R 2015-12-01 Cyclic AMP responsive element-binding protein 3-like 3 (CREB3L3) is a novel candidate gene for dominant hypertriglyceridemia. To date, only 4 kindred with dominant hypertriglyceridemia have been found to be carriers of 2 nonsense mutations in CREB3L3 gene (245fs and W46X). We investigated a family in which hypertriglyceridemia displayed an autosomal dominant pattern of inheritance. The proband was a 49-year-old woman with high plasma triglycerides (≤1300 mg/dL; 14.68 mmol/L). Her father had a history of moderate hypertriglyceridemia, and her 51-year-old brother had triglycerides levels as high as 1600 mg/dL (18.06 mmol/L). To identify the causal mutation in this family, we analyzed the candidate genes of recessive and dominant forms of primary hypertriglyceridemia by direct sequencing. The sequencing of CREB3L3 gene led to the discovery of a novel minute frame shift mutation in exon 3 of CREB3L3 gene, predicted to result in the formation of a truncated protein devoid of function (c.359delG-p.K120fsX20). Heterozygosity for the c.359delG mutation resulted in a severe phenotype occurring later in life in the proband and her brother and a good response to diet and a hypotriglyceridemic treatment. The same mutation was detected in a 13-year-old daughter who to date is normotriglyceridemic. We have identified a novel pathogenic mutation in CREB3L3 gene in a family with dominant hypertriglyceridemia with a variable pattern of penetrance. © 2015 American Heart Association, Inc. 11. Planar Hall Effect Sensors for Biodetection DEFF Research Database (Denmark) Rizzi, Giovanni . In the second geometry (dPHEB) half of the sensor is used as a local negative reference to subtract the background signal from magnetic beads in suspension. In all applications below, the magnetic beads are magnetised using the magnetic field due to the bias current passed through the sensor, i.e., no external...... as labels and planar Hall effect bridge (PHEB) magnetic field sensor as readout for the beads. The choice of magnetic beads as label is motivated by the lack of virtually any magnetic background from biological samples. Moreover, magnetic beads can be manipulated via an external magnetic field...... hybridisation in real-time, in a background of suspended magnetic beads. This characteristic is employed in single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) genotyping, where the denaturation of DNA is monitored in real-time upon washing with a stringency buffer. The sensor setup includes temperature control and a fluidic... 12. Quantum Hall effect on Riemann surfaces Science.gov (United States) Tejero Prieto, Carlos 2009-06-01 We study the family of Landau Hamiltonians compatible with a magnetic field on a Riemann surface S by means of Fourier-Mukai and Nahm transforms. Starting from the geometric formulation of adiabatic charge transport on Riemann surfaces, we prove that Hall conductivity is proportional to the intersection product on the first homology group of S and therefore it is quantized. Finally, by using the theory of determinant bundles developed by Bismut, Gillet and Soul, we compute the adiabatic curvature of the spectral bundles defined by the holomorphic Landau levels. We prove that it is given by the polarization of the jacobian variety of the Riemann surface, plus a term depending on the relative analytic torsion. 13. Quantum Hall effect on Riemann surfaces International Nuclear Information System (INIS) Tejero Prieto, Carlos 2009-01-01 We study the family of Landau Hamiltonians compatible with a magnetic field on a Riemann surface S by means of Fourier-Mukai and Nahm transforms. Starting from the geometric formulation of adiabatic charge transport on Riemann surfaces, we prove that Hall conductivity is proportional to the intersection product on the first homology group of S and therefore it is quantized. Finally, by using the theory of determinant bundles developed by Bismut, Gillet and Soul, we compute the adiabatic curvature of the spectral bundles defined by the holomorphic Landau levels. We prove that it is given by the polarization of the jacobian variety of the Riemann surface, plus a term depending on the relative analytic torsion. 14. Frequency spectrum of Calder Hall reactor noise International Nuclear Information System (INIS) Cummins, J.D. 1960-01-01 The frequency spectrum of the noise power of Calder Hall reactor No. 1 has been obtained by analysing a tape recording of the backed off power. The root mean square noise power due to all frequencies above 0.001 cycles per second was found to be 0.13%. The noise power for this reactor, is due mainly to modulations of the power level by reactivity variations caused in turn by gas temperature changes. These gas temperature changes are caused by a Cyclic variation in the feedwater regulator to the heat exchanger. The apparatus and method used to determine the noise power are described in this memorandum. It is shown that for frequencies in the range 0.001 to 0.030 cycles per second the noise spectrum falls at 60 decibels per decade of frequency. (author) 15. OPTICS. Quantum spin Hall effect of light. Science.gov (United States) Bliokh, Konstantin Y; Smirnova, Daria; Nori, Franco 2015-06-26 Maxwell's equations, formulated 150 years ago, ultimately describe properties of light, from classical electromagnetism to quantum and relativistic aspects. The latter ones result in remarkable geometric and topological phenomena related to the spin-1 massless nature of photons. By analyzing fundamental spin properties of Maxwell waves, we show that free-space light exhibits an intrinsic quantum spin Hall effect—surface modes with strong spin-momentum locking. These modes are evanescent waves that form, for example, surface plasmon-polaritons at vacuum-metal interfaces. Our findings illuminate the unusual transverse spin in evanescent waves and explain recent experiments that have demonstrated the transverse spin-direction locking in the excitation of surface optical modes. This deepens our understanding of Maxwell's theory, reveals analogies with topological insulators for electrons, and offers applications for robust spin-directional optical interfaces. Copyright © 2015, American Association for the Advancement of Science. 16. Chaotic waves in Hall thruster plasma International Nuclear Information System (INIS) Peradzynski, Zbigniew; Barral, S.; Kurzyna, J.; Makowski, K.; Dudeck, M. 2006-01-01 The set of hyperbolic equations of the fluid model describing the acceleration of plasma in a Hall thruster is analyzed. The characteristic feature of the flow is the existence of a trapped characteristic; i.e. there exists a characteristic line, which never intersects the boundary of the flow region in the thruster. To study the propagation of short wave perturbations, the approach of geometrical optics (like WKB) can be applied. This can be done in a linear as well as in a nonlinear version. The nonlinear version describes the waves of small but finite amplitude. As a result of such an approach one obtains so called transport equation, which are governing the wave amplitude. Due to the existence of trapped characteristics this transport equation appears to have chaotic (turbulent) solutions in both, linear and nonlinear versions 17. Concept of Operating Indoor Skiing Halls with DEFF Research Database (Denmark) Paul, Joachim 2003-01-01 Indoor skiing halls are conventionally operated at low temperatures and with either crushed ice as snow substitute or snow made from freezing water in cold air. Both systems have a high energy demand for air cooling, floor freezing and consequently snow harvest. At the same time the snow at the top...... floor cooling/freezing and insulation become obsolete, significant savings in piping and building costs can be achieved. Due to the much higher evaporating temperature for the refrigeration system, the energy demand is kept low. Since the same equipment is used for both snowmaking and air cooling......, the running time of the equipment is high, resulting in a better economy. Using Binary Snow, with its unique qualities such as fluffy, crisp, white and ¿ since made daily ¿ "fresh and hygienic", offers great advantages in operating costs, investment costs and quality.... 18. Geometrical Description of fractional quantum Hall quasiparticles Science.gov (United States) Park, Yeje; Yang, Bo; Haldane, F. D. M. 2012-02-01 We examine a description of fractional quantum Hall quasiparticles and quasiholes suggested by a recent geometrical approach (F. D. M. Haldane, Phys. Rev. Lett. 108, 116801 (2011)) to FQH systems, where the local excess electric charge density in the incompressible state is given by a topologically-quantized guiding-center spin'' times the Gaussian curvature of a guiding-center metric tensor'' that characterizes the local shape of the correlation hole around electrons in the fluid. We use a phenomenological energy function with two ingredients: the shear distortion energy of area-preserving distortions of the fluid, and a local (short-range) approximation to the Coulomb energy of the fluctuation of charge density associated with the Gaussian curvature. Quasiparticles and quasiholes of the 1/3 Laughlin state are modeled as `punctures'' in the incompressible fluid which then relax by geometric distortion which generates Gaussian curvature, giving rise to the charge-density profile around the topological excitation. 19. Cathode Effects in Cylindrical Hall Thrusters Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB) Granstedt, E.M.; Raitses, Y.; Fisch, N. J. 2008-09-12 Stable operation of a cylindrical Hall thruster (CHT) has been achieved using a hot wire cathode, which functions as a controllable electron emission source. It is shown that as the electron emission from the cathode increases with wire heating, the discharge current increases, the plasma plume angle reduces, and the ion energy distribution function shifts toward higher energies. The observed effect of cathode electron emission on thruster parameters extends and clarifies performance improvements previously obtained for the overrun discharge current regime of the same type of thruster, but using a hollow cathode-neutralizer. Once thruster discharge current saturates with wire heating, further filament heating does not affect other discharge parameters. The saturated values of thruster discharge parameters can be further enhanced by optimal placement of the cathode wire with respect to the magnetic field. 20. On-Chip Microwave Quantum Hall Circulator Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden) A. C. Mahoney 2017-01-01 Full Text Available Circulators are nonreciprocal circuit elements that are integral to technologies including radar systems, microwave communication transceivers, and the readout of quantum information devices. Their nonreciprocity arises from the interference of microwaves over the centimeter scale of the signal wavelength, in the presence of bulky magnetic media that breaks time-reversal symmetry. Here, we realize a completely passive on-chip microwave circulator with size 1/1000th the wavelength by exploiting the chiral, “slow-light” response of a two-dimensional electron gas in the quantum Hall regime. For an integrated GaAs device with 330  μm diameter and about 1-GHz center frequency, a nonreciprocity of 25 dB is observed over a 50-MHz bandwidth. Furthermore, the nonreciprocity can be dynamically tuned by varying the voltage at the port, an aspect that may enable reconfigurable passive routing of microwave signals on chip. 1. 50 KW Class Krypton Hall Thruster Performance Science.gov (United States) Jacobson, David T.; Manzella, David H. 2003-01-01 The performance of a 50-kilowatt-class Hall thruster designed for operation on xenon propellant was measured using kryton propellant. The thruster was operated at discharge power levels ranging from 6.4 to 72.5 kilowatts. The device produced thrust ranging from 0.3 to 2.5 newtons. The thruster was operated at discharge voltages between 250 and 1000 volts. At the highest anode mass flow rate and discharge voltage and assuming a 100 percent singly charged condition, the discharge specific impulse approached the theoretical value. Discharge specific impulse of 4500 seconds was demonstrated at a discharge voltage of 1000 volts. The peak discharge efficiency was 64 percent at 650 volts. 2. Magnon Hall effect on the Lieb lattice. Science.gov (United States) Cao, Xiaodong; Chen, Kai; He, Dahai 2015-04-29 Ferromagnetic insulators without inversion symmetry may show magnon Hall effect (MHE) in the presence of a temperature gradient due to the existence of Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction (DMI). In this theoretical study, we investigate MHE on a lattice with inversion symmetry, namely the Lieb lattice, where the DMI is introduced by adding an external electric field. We show the nontrivial topology of this model by examining the existence of edge states and computing the topological phase diagram characterized by the Chern numbers of different bands. Together with the topological phase diagram, we can further determine the sign and magnitude of the transverse thermal conductivity. The impact of the flat band possessed by this model on the thermal conductivity is discussed by computing the Berry curvature analytically. 3. Photonic spin Hall effect at metasurfaces. Science.gov (United States) Yin, Xiaobo; Ye, Ziliang; Rho, Junsuk; Wang, Yuan; Zhang, Xiang 2013-03-22 The spin Hall effect (SHE) of light is very weak because of the extremely small photon momentum and spin-orbit interaction. Here, we report a strong photonic SHE resulting in a measured large splitting of polarized light at metasurfaces. The rapidly varying phase discontinuities along a metasurface, breaking the axial symmetry of the system, enable the direct observation of large transverse motion of circularly polarized light, even at normal incidence. The strong spin-orbit interaction deviates the polarized light from the trajectory prescribed by the ordinary Fermat principle. Such a strong and broadband photonic SHE may provide a route for exploiting the spin and orbit angular momentum of light for information processing and communication. 4. Shielding in experimental areas International Nuclear Information System (INIS) Stevens, A.; Tarnopolsky, G.; Thorndike, A.; White, S. 1979-01-01 The amount of shielding necessary to protect experimental detectors from various sources of background radiation is discussed. As illustrated an experiment has line of sight to sources extending approx. 90 m upstream from the intersection point. Packing a significant fraction of this space with shielding blocks would in general be unacceptable because primary access to the ring tunnel is from the experimental halls. (1) From basic machine design considerations and the inherent necessity to protect superconducting magnets it is expected that experimental areas in general will be cleaner than at any existing accelerator. (2) Even so, it will likely be necessary to have some shielding blocks available to protect experimental apparatus, and it may well be necessary to have a large amount of shielding available in the WAH. (3) Scraping will likely have some influence on all halls, and retractable apparatus may sometimes be necessary. (4) If access to any tunnel is needed to replace a magnet, one has 96 h (4 days) available to move shielding away to permit access without additional downtime. This (the amount of shielding one can shuffle about in 96 h) is a reasonable upper limit to shielding necessary in a hall 5. Residencia hall del Obispado, en Gescher, Alemania Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden) Deilmann, Harald 1969-02-01 6. Nonadiabatic effects in the Quantum Hall regime International Nuclear Information System (INIS) Page, D.A.; Brown, E. 1993-01-01 The authors consider the effect of a finite electric field on the states of a Bloch electron in two dimensions, with a uniform magnetic field present. They make use of the concept of electric time translation symmetry and treat the electric and magnetic fields symmetrically in a time dependent formalism. In addition to a wave vector k, the states are characterized by a frequency specifying the behavior under electric time translations. An effective Hamiltonian is employed to obtain the splitting of an isolated Bloch band into open-quotes frequencyclose quotes subbands. The time-averaged velocity and energy of the states are expressed in terms of the frequency dispersion. The relationship to the Stark ladder eigenstates in a scalar potential representation of the electric field is examined. This is seen to justify the use of the averaged energy in determining occupation of the states. In the weak electric field (adiabatic) limit, an expression is recovered for the quantized Hall conductivity of a magnetic subband as a topological invariant. A numerical procedure is outlined and results obtained over a range of electric field strengths. A transition between strong and weak field regimes is seen, with level repulsions between the frequencies playing an important role. The numerical results show how the magnetic subband structure and quantized Hall conductivity emerge as the electric field becomes weaker. In this regime, the behavior can be understood by comparison to the predictions of the adiabatic approximation. The latter predicts crossings in the frequencies at certain locations in wave vector space. Nonadiabatic effects are seen to produce gaps in the frequency spectrum at these locations. 35 refs., 14 figs 7. Temperature dependence of collapse of quantized hall resistance International Nuclear Information System (INIS) Tanaka, Hiroyasu; Kawashima, Hironori; Iizuka, Hisamitsu; Fukuda, Hideaki; Kawaji, Shinji 2006-01-01 Similarity is observed in the deviation of Hall resistance from the quantized value with the increase in the source-drain current I SD in our butterfly-type Hall bars and in the Hall bars used by Jeanneret et al., while changes in the diagonal resistivity ρ xx with I SD are significantly different between these Hall bars. The temperature dependence of the critical Hall electric field F cr (T) for the collapse of R H (4) measured in these Hall bars is approximated using F cr (T) = F cr (0)(1 - (T/T cr ) 2 ). Here, the critical Hall electric field at zero temperature depends on the magnetic field B as F cr (0) ∝ B 3/2 . Theoretical considerations are given on F cr (T) on the basis of a temperature-dependent mobility edge model and a schema of temperature-dependent inter-Landau level tunneling probability arising from the Fermi distribution function. The former does not fit in with the I SD dependence of activation energy in ρ xx . (author) 8. Hall current effects in dynamic magnetic reconnection solutions International Nuclear Information System (INIS) Craig, I.J.D.; Heerikhuisen, J.; Watson, P.G. 2003-01-01 The impact of Hall current contributions on flow driven planar magnetic merging solutions is discussed. The Hall current is important if the dimensionless Hall parameter (or normalized ion skin depth) satisfies c H >η, where η is the inverse Lundquist number for the plasma. A dynamic analysis of the problem shows, however, that the Hall current initially manifests itself, not by modifying the planar reconnection field, but by inducing a non-reconnecting perpendicular 'separator' component in the magnetic field. Only if the stronger condition c H 2 >η is satisfied can Hall currents be expected to affect the planar merging. These analytic predictions are then tested by performing a series of numerical experiments in periodic geometry, using the full system of planar magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) equations. The numerical results confirm that the nature of the merging changes dramatically when the Hall coupling satisfies c H 2 >η. In line with the analytic treatment of sheared reconnection, the coupling provided by the Hall term leads to the emergence of multiple current layers that can enhance the global Ohmic dissipation at the expense of the reconnection rate. However, the details of the dissipation depend critically on the symmetries of the simulation, and when the merging is 'head-on' (i.e., comprises fourfold symmetry) the reconnection rate can be enhanced 9. Graphene and the universality of the quantum Hall effect DEFF Research Database (Denmark) Tzalenchuk, A.; Janssen, T. J.B.M.; Kazakova, O. 2013-01-01 The quantum Hall effect allows the standard for resistance to be defined in terms of the elementary charge and Planck's constant alone. The effect comprises the quantization of the Hall resistance in two-dimensional electron systems in rational fractions of RK=h/e2=25812.8074434(84) Ω (Mohr P. J....... the unconventional quantum Hall effect and then present in detail the route, which led to the most precise quantum Hall resistance universality test ever performed.......The quantum Hall effect allows the standard for resistance to be defined in terms of the elementary charge and Planck's constant alone. The effect comprises the quantization of the Hall resistance in two-dimensional electron systems in rational fractions of RK=h/e2=25812.8074434(84) Ω (Mohr P. J....... et al., Rev. Mod. Phys., 84 (2012) 1527), the resistance quantum. Despite 30 years of research into the quantum Hall effect, the level of precision necessary for metrology, a few parts per billion, has been achieved only in silicon and III-V heterostructure devices. In this lecture we show... 10. Experimentation at HERA International Nuclear Information System (INIS) 1983-10-01 These proceedings contain three articles concerning the physics which can be studied by HERA, which were presented at the named workshop, together with convenor reports on working groups which concern technologies, the intersecting regions, photoproduction at HERA, currents and structure functions, exotic phenomena at HERA, and the use of existing detectors. Finally the experimental halls at HERA are described. Separated abstracts were prepared for the articles in these proceedings. (HSI) 11. Signal conditioning and processing for metallic Hall sensors. Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database Entler, Slavomír; Ďuran, Ivan; Sládek, P.; Vayakis, G.; Kočan, M. 2017-01-01 Roč. 123, November (2017), s. 783-786 ISSN 0920-3796. [SOFT 2016: Symposium on Fusion Technology /29./. Prague, 05.09.2016-09.09.2016] R&D Projects: GA MŠk LG14002 Institutional support: RVO:61389021 Keywords : Hall sensor * Lock-in * Synchronous detection * Current spinning * Hall effect * Planar hall effect suppression Subject RIV: JF - Nuclear Energetics OBOR OECD: Nuclear related engineering Impact factor: 1.319, year: 2016 http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0920379617305070 12. Anomalous Hall effect in Fe/Gd bilayers KAUST Repository Xu, W. J.; Zhang, Bei; Liu, Z. X.; Wang, Z.; Li, W.; Wu, Z. B.; Yu, R. H.; Zhang, Xixiang 2010-01-01 Non-monotonic dependence of anomalous Hall resistivity on temperature and magnetization, including a sign change, was observed in Fe/Gd bilayers. To understand the intriguing observations, we fabricated the Fe/Gd bilayers and single layers of Fe and Gd simultaneously. The temperature and field dependences of longitudinal resistivity, Hall resistivity and magnetization in these films have also been carefully measured. The analysis of these data reveals that these intriguing features are due to the opposite signs of Hall resistivity/or spin polarization and different Curie temperatures of Fe and Gd single-layer films. Copyright (C) EPLA, 2010 13. Hall conductance and topological invariant for open systems. Science.gov (United States) Shen, H Z; Wang, W; Yi, X X 2014-09-24 The Hall conductivity given by the Kubo formula is a linear response of quantum transverse transport to a weak electric field. It has been intensively studied for quantum systems without decoherence, but it is barely explored for systems subject to decoherence. In this paper, we develop a formulism to deal with this issue for topological insulators. The Hall conductance of a topological insulator coupled to an environment is derived, the derivation is based on a linear response theory developed for open systems in this paper. As an application, the Hall conductance of a two-band topological insulator and a two-dimensional lattice is presented and discussed. 14. Acoustic investigations of concert halls for rock music DEFF Research Database (Denmark) 2007-01-01 Objective measurement data and subjective evaluations have been collected from 20 small-/medium-sized halls in Denmark used for amplified rhythmic music concerts (pop, rock, jazz). The purpose of the study was to obtain knowledge about optimum acoustic conditions for this type of hall. The study...... is motivated by the fact that most concert tickets sold in Denmark relate to concerts within these genres in this kind of venue. The subjective evaluations were carried out by professional musicians and sound engineers who responded on the basis of their experiences working in these (and other) halls. From... 15. Anomalous Hall effect in Fe/Gd bilayers KAUST Repository Xu, W. J. 2010-04-01 Non-monotonic dependence of anomalous Hall resistivity on temperature and magnetization, including a sign change, was observed in Fe/Gd bilayers. To understand the intriguing observations, we fabricated the Fe/Gd bilayers and single layers of Fe and Gd simultaneously. The temperature and field dependences of longitudinal resistivity, Hall resistivity and magnetization in these films have also been carefully measured. The analysis of these data reveals that these intriguing features are due to the opposite signs of Hall resistivity/or spin polarization and different Curie temperatures of Fe and Gd single-layer films. Copyright (C) EPLA, 2010 16. All Optical Measurement Proposed for the Photovoltaic Hall Effect International Nuclear Information System (INIS) Oka, Takashi; Aoki, Hideo 2011-01-01 We propose an all optical way to measure the recently proposed p hotovoltaic Hall effect , i.e., a Hall effect induced by a circularly polarized light in the absence of static magnetic fields. This is done in a pump-probe experiment with the Faraday rotation angle being the probe. The Floquet extended Kubo formula for photo-induced optical response is formulated and the ac-Hall conductivity is calculated. We also point out the possibility of observing the effect in two layered graphene, three-dimensional graphite, and more generally in multi-band systems such as materials described by the dp-model. 17. Determination of intrinsic spin Hall angle in Pt Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB) Wang, Yi; Deorani, Praveen; Qiu, Xuepeng; Kwon, Jae Hyun; Yang, Hyunsoo, E-mail: eleyang@nus.edu.sg [Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, 117576 (Singapore) 2014-10-13 The spin Hall angle in Pt is evaluated in Pt/NiFe bilayers by spin torque ferromagnetic resonance measurements and is found to increase with increasing the NiFe thickness. To extract the intrinsic spin Hall angle in Pt by estimating the total spin current injected into NiFe from Pt, the NiFe thickness dependent measurements are performed and the spin diffusion in the NiFe layer is taken into account. The intrinsic spin Hall angle of Pt is determined to be 0.068 at room temperature and is found to be almost constant in the temperature range of 13–300 K. 18. Determination of intrinsic spin Hall angle in Pt International Nuclear Information System (INIS) Wang, Yi; Deorani, Praveen; Qiu, Xuepeng; Kwon, Jae Hyun; Yang, Hyunsoo 2014-01-01 The spin Hall angle in Pt is evaluated in Pt/NiFe bilayers by spin torque ferromagnetic resonance measurements and is found to increase with increasing the NiFe thickness. To extract the intrinsic spin Hall angle in Pt by estimating the total spin current injected into NiFe from Pt, the NiFe thickness dependent measurements are performed and the spin diffusion in the NiFe layer is taken into account. The intrinsic spin Hall angle of Pt is determined to be 0.068 at room temperature and is found to be almost constant in the temperature range of 13–300 K. 19. Hall effect thruster with an AlN chamber International Nuclear Information System (INIS) Barral, S.; Jayet, Y.; Mazouffre, S.; Veron, E.; Echegut, P.; Dudeck, M. 2005-01-01 The plasma discharge of a Hall-effect thruster (SPT) is strongly depending of the plasma-insulated wall interactions. These interactions are mainly related to the energy deposition, potential sheath effect and electron secondary emission rate (e.s.e.). In usual SPT, the annular channel is made of BN-SiO 2 . The SPT100-ML (laboratory model will be tested with an AlN chamber in the French test facility Pivoine in the laboratoire d'Aerothermique (Orleans-France). The different parameters such as discharge current, thrust, plasma oscillations and wall temperature will studied for several operating conditions. The results will be compared with a fluid model developed in IPPT (Warsaw-Poland) taking into account electron emission from the internal and external walls and using previous experimental measurements of e.s.e. for AlN from ONERA (Toulouse-France). The surface state of AlN will be analysed before and after experiments by an Environmental Scanning Electron Microscope and by a Strength Electron Microscope. (author) 20. AC conductivity of a quantum Hall line junction International Nuclear Information System (INIS) Agarwal, Amit; Sen, Diptiman 2009-01-01 We present a microscopic model for calculating the AC conductivity of a finite length line junction made up of two counter- or co-propagating single mode quantum Hall edges with possibly different filling fractions. The effect of density-density interactions and a local tunneling conductance (σ) between the two edges is considered. Assuming that σ is independent of the frequency ω, we derive expressions for the AC conductivity as a function of ω, the length of the line junction and other parameters of the system. We reproduce the results of Sen and Agarwal (2008 Phys. Rev. B 78 085430) in the DC limit (ω→0), and generalize those results for an interacting system. As a function of ω, the AC conductivity shows significant oscillations if σ is small; the oscillations become less prominent as σ increases. A renormalization group analysis shows that the system may be in a metallic or an insulating phase depending on the strength of the interactions. We discuss the experimental implications of this for the behavior of the AC conductivity at low temperatures. 1. Superconducting Analogue of the Parafermion Fractional Quantum Hall States Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden) Abolhassan Vaezi 2014-07-01 Full Text Available Read-Rezayi Z_{k} parafermion wave functions describe ν=2+(k/kM+2 fractional quantum Hall (FQH states. These states support non-Abelian excitations from which protected quantum gates can be designed. However, there is no experimental evidence for these non-Abelian anyons to date. In this paper, we study the ν=2/k FQH-superconductor heterostructure and find the superconducting analogue of the Z_{k} parafermion FQH state. Our main tool is the mapping of the FQH into coupled one-dimensional chains, each with a pair of counterpropagating modes. We show that by inducing intrachain pairing and charge preserving backscattering with identical couplings, the one-dimensional chains flow into gapless Z_{k} parafermions when k<4. By studying the effect of interchain coupling, we show that every parafermion mode becomes massive except for the two outermost ones. Thus, we achieve a fractional topological superconductor whose chiral edge state is described by a Z_{k} parafermion conformal field theory. For instance, we find that a ν=2/3 FQH in proximity to a superconductor produces a Z_{3} parafermion superconducting state. This state is topologically indistinguishable from the non-Abelian part of the ν=12/5 Read-Rezayi state. Both of these systems can host Fibonacci anyons capable of performing universal quantum computation through braiding operations. 2. Best estimate prediction for LOFT nuclear experiment L3-2 International Nuclear Information System (INIS) Kee, E.J.; Shinko, M.S.; Grush, W.H.; Condie, K.G. 1980-02-01 Comprehensive analyses using both the RELAP4 and the RELAP5 computer codes were performed to predict the LOFT transient thermal-hydraulic response for nuclear Loss-of-Coolant Experiment L3-2 to be performed in the Loss-of-Fluid Test (LOFT) facility. The LOFT experiment will simulate a small break in one of the cold legs of a large four-loop pressurized water reactor and will be conducted with the LOFT reactor operating at 50 MW. The break in LOCE L3-2 is sized to cause the break flow to be approximately equal to the high-pressure injection system flow at an intermediate pressure of approximately 7.6 MPa 3. XPS and Ag L3-edge XANES characterization of silver and silver-gold sulfoselenides Science.gov (United States) Mikhlin, Yuri L.; Pal'yanova, Galina A.; Tomashevich, Yevgeny V.; Vishnyakova, Elena A.; Vorobyev, Sergey A.; Kokh, Konstantin A. 2018-05-01 Gold and silver sulfoselenides are of interest as materials with high ionic conductivity and promising magnetoresistive, thermoelectric, optical, and other physico-chemical properties, which are strongly dependent on composition and structure. Here, we applied X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and Ag L3 X-ray absorption near-edge structure (XANES) to study the electronic structures of low-temperature compounds and solid solutions Ag2SxSe1-x (0 compounds; in particular, the Ag L3-edge peak is about 35% lower for AgAuS relative to Ag2S. At the same time, the Au 4f binding energy and, therefore, charge at Au(I) sites increase with increasing S content due to the transfer of electron density from Au to Ag atoms. It was concluded that the effects mainly originate from shortening of the metal-chalcogen and especially the Ausbnd Ag interatomic distances in substances having similar coordination geometry. 4. Results on the calibration of the L3 BGO calorimeter with cosmic rays International Nuclear Information System (INIS) Bakken, J.A.; Barone, L.; Bay, A.; Blaising, J.J.; Borgia, B.; Bourilkov, D.; Boutigny, D.; Brock, I.C.; Buisson, C.; Capell, M.; Chaturvedi, U.K.; Chemarin, M.; Clare, R.; Coignet, G.; Denes, P.; DeNotaristefani, F.; Diemoz, M.; Duchesneau, D.; El Mamouni, H.; Extermann, P.; Fay, J.; Ferroni, F.; Gailloud, M.; Goujon, D.; Gratta, G.; Gupta, V.K.; Hilgers, K.; Ille, B.; Janssen, H.; Karyotakis, Y.; Kasser, A.; Kienzle-Focacci, M.N.; Krenz, W.; Lebrun, P.; Lecoq, P.; Leonardi, E.; Linde, F.L.; Lindemann, B.; Longo, E.; Lu, Y.S.; Luci, C.; Luckey, D.; Martin, J.P.; Merk, M.; Micke, M.; Morganti, S.; Newman, H.; Organtini, G.; Piroue, P.A.; Read, K.; Rosier-Lees, S.; Rosselet, P.; Sauvage, G.; Schmitz, D.; Schneegans, M.; Schwenke, J.; Stickland, D.P.; Tully, C.; Valente, E.; Vivargent, M.; Vuilleumier, L.; Wang, Y.F.; Weber, A.; Weill, R.; Wenninger, J. 1994-01-01 During 1991 two cosmic rays runs took place for the calibration of the L3 electromagnetic calorimeter. In this paper we present the results of the first high statistics cosmic ray calibration of the calorimeter in situ, including the end caps. Results show that the accuracy on the measurement of the calibration constants that can be achieved in one month of data taking is of 1.3%. (orig.) 5. The effect of symmetry on the U L3 NEXAFS of octahedral coordinated uranium(vi) Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB) Bagus, Paul S. [Department of Chemistry, University of North Texas, Denton, Texas 76203-5017, USA; Nelin, Connie J. [Consultant, Austin, Texas 78730, USA; Ilton, Eugene S. [Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, USA 2017-03-21 We describe a detailed theoretical analysis of how distortions from ideal cubic or Oh symmetry affect the shape, in particular the width, of the U L3-edge NEXAFS for U(VI) in octahedral coordination. The full-width-half-maximum (FWHM) of the L3-edge white line decreases with increasing distortion from Oh symmetry due to the mixing of symmetry broken t2g and eg components of the excited state U(6d) orbitals. The mixing is allowed because of spin-orbit splitting of the ligand field split 6d orbitals. Especially for higher distortions, it is possible to identify a mixing between one of the t2g and one of the eg components, allowed in the double group representation when the spin-orbit interaction is taken into account. This mixing strongly reduces the ligand field splitting, which, in turn, leads to a narrowing of the U L3 white line. However, the effect of this mixing is partially offset by an increase in the covalent anti-bonding character of the highest energy spin-orbit split eg orbital. At higher distortions, mixing overwhelms the increasing anti-bonding character of this orbital which leads to an accelerated decrease in the FWHM with increasing distortion. Additional evidence for the effect of mixing of t2g and eg components is that the FWHM of the white line narrows whether the two axial U-O bond distances shorten or lengthen. Our ab initio theory uses relativistic wavefunctions for cluster models of the structures; empirical or semi-empirical parameters were not used to adjust prediction to experiment. A major advantage is that it provides a transparent approach for determining how the character and extent of the covalent mixing of the relevant U and O orbitals affect the U L3-edge white line. 6. Monitoring and control of the muon detector in the L3 experiment at LEP International Nuclear Information System (INIS) Gonzalez, E. 1990-01-01 In this report the monitoring system of the muon spectrometer of the L3 detector in LEP at CERN is presented. The system is based on a network of VME's using the OS9 operating system. The design guiding lines and the present system configuration are described both from the hardware and the software point of view. In addition, the report contains the description of the monitored parameters showing typical data collected durintg the first months of LEP operation. (Author) 7. A study on evacuation time from lecture halls in Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia Science.gov (United States) Othman, W. N. A. W.; Tohir, M. Z. M. 2018-04-01 An evacuation situation in any building involves many risks. The geometry of building and high potential of occupant load may affect the efficiency of evacuation process. Although fire safety rules and regulations exist, they remain insufficient to guarantee the safety of all building occupants and do not prevent the dramatic events to be repeated. The main objective of this project is to investigate the relationship between the movement time, travel speed and occupant density during a series of evacuation drills specifically for lecture halls. Generally, this study emphasizes on the movement of crowd within a limited space and includes the aspects of human behaviour. A series of trial evacuations were conducted in selected lecture halls at Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia with the aim of collecting actual data for numerical analysis. The numerical data obtained during trial evacuations were used to determine the evacuation time, crowd movement and behaviour during evacuation process particularly for lecture halls. The evacuation time and number of occupants exiting from each exit were recorded. Video camera was used to record and observe the movement behaviour of occupants during evacuations. EvacuatioNZ was used to simulate the trials evacuations of DK 5 and the results predicted were compared with experimental data. EvacuatioNZ was also used to predict the evacuation time and the flow of occupants exiting from each door for DK 4 and DK 8. 8. A Redundancy Mechanism Design for Hall-Based Electronic Current Transformers Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden) Kun-Long Chen 2017-03-01 Full Text Available Traditional current transformers (CTs suffer from DC and AC saturation and remanent magnetization in many industrial applications. Moreover, the drawbacks of traditional CTs, such as closed iron cores, bulky volume, and heavy weight, further limit the development of an intelligent power protection system. In order to compensate for these drawbacks, we proposed a novel current measurement method by using Hall sensors, which is called the Hall-effect current transformer (HCT. The existing commercial Hall sensors are electronic components, so the reliability of the HCT is normally worse than that of the traditional CT. Therefore, our study proposes a redundancy mechanism for the HCT to strengthen its reliability. With multiple sensor modules, the method has the ability to improve the accuracy of the HCT as well. Additionally, the proposed redundancy mechanism monitoring system provides a condition-based maintenance for the HCT. We verify our method with both simulations and an experimental test. The results demonstrate that the proposed HCT with a redundancy mechanism can almost achieve Class 0.2 for measuring CTs according to IEC Standard 60044-8. 9. Assessment of bilayer silicene to probe as quantum spin and valley Hall effect Science.gov (United States) Rehman, Majeed Ur; Qiao, Zhenhua 2018-02-01 Silicene takes precedence over graphene due to its buckling type structure and strong spin orbit coupling. Motivated by these properties, we study the silicene bilayer in the presence of applied perpendicular electric field and intrinsic spin orbit coupling to probe as quantum spin/valley Hall effect. Using analytical approach, we calculate the spin Chern-number of bilayer silicene and then compare it with monolayer silicene. We reveal that bilayer silicene hosts double spin Chern-number as compared to single layer silicene and therefore accordingly has twice as many edge states in contrast to single layer silicene. In addition, we investigate the combined effect of intrinsic spin orbit coupling and the external electric field, we find that bilayer silicene, likewise single layer silicene, goes through a phase transitions from a quantum spin Hall state to a quantum valley Hall state when the strength of the applied electric field exceeds the intrinsic spin orbit coupling strength. We believe that the results and outcomes obtained for bilayer silicene are experimentally more accessible as compared to bilayer graphene, because of strong SO coupling in bilayer silicene. 10. Role of helical edge modes in the chiral quantum anomalous Hall state. Science.gov (United States) Mani, Arjun; Benjamin, Colin 2018-01-22 Although indications are that a single chiral quantum anomalous Hall(QAH) edge mode might have been experimentally detected. There have been very many recent experiments which conjecture that a chiral QAH edge mode always materializes along with a pair of quasi-helical quantum spin Hall (QSH) edge modes. In this work we deal with a substantial 'What If?' question- in case the QSH edge modes, from which these QAH edge modes evolve, are not topologically-protected then the QAH edge modes wont be topologically-protected too and thus unfit for use in any applications. Further, as a corollary one can also ask if the topological-protection of QSH edge modes does not carry over during the evolution process to QAH edge modes then again our 'What if?' scenario becomes apparent. The 'how' of the resolution of this 'What if?' conundrum is the main objective of our work. We show in similar set-ups affected by disorder and inelastic scattering, transport via trivial QAH edge mode leads to quantization of Hall resistance and not that via topological QAH edge modes. This perhaps begs a substantial reinterpretation of those experiments which purported to find signatures of chiral(topological) QAH edge modes albeit in conjunction with quasi helical QSH edge modes. 11. Stability and activation gaps of the parafermionic Hall states in the second Landau level International Nuclear Information System (INIS) Georgiev, L.S. 2002-01-01 Analyzing the effective conformal field theory for the parafermionic Hall states, corresponding to filling fractions ν k =2+k/(kM+2), k=2,3,..., M odd, we show that the even k plateaux are expected to be more stable than their odd k neighbors. The reason is that the parafermion chiral algebra can be locally extended for k even. This reconciles the theoretical implication, that the bigger the k the less stable the fluid, with the experimental fact that, for M=1, the k=2 and k=4 plateaux are already observed at electron temperature T e ≅8 mK, while the Hall resistance for k=3 is not precisely quantized at that temperature in the sample of Pan et al. Using a heuristic gap ansatz we estimate the activation energy gap for ν 3 =13/5 to be approximately 0.015 K, which implies that the quantization of the Hall conductance could be observed for temperature below 1 mK in the same sample. We also find an appealing exact relation between the fractional electric charge and fractional statistics of the quasiholes. Finally, we argue that besides the Moore-Read phase for the ν 2 =5/2 state there is another relevant phase, in which the fundamental quasiholes obey abelian statistics and carry half-integer electric charge 12. Fractionalizing Majorana Fermions: Non-Abelian Statistics on the Edges of Abelian Quantum Hall States Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden) Netanel H. Lindner 2012-10-01 Full Text Available We study the non-Abelian statistics characterizing systems where counterpropagating gapless modes on the edges of fractional quantum Hall states are gapped by proximity coupling to superconductors and ferromagnets. The most transparent example is that of a fractional quantum spin Hall state, in which electrons of one spin direction occupy a fractional quantum Hall state of ν=1/m, while electrons of the opposite spin occupy a similar state with ν=-1/m. However, we also propose other examples of such systems, which are easier to realize experimentally. We find that each interface between a region on the edge coupled to a superconductor and a region coupled to a ferromagnet corresponds to a non-Abelian anyon of quantum dimension sqrt[2m]. We calculate the unitary transformations that are associated with the braiding of these anyons, and we show that they are able to realize a richer set of non-Abelian representations of the braid group than the set realized by non-Abelian anyons based on Majorana fermions. We carry out this calculation both explicitly and by applying general considerations. Finally, we show that topological manipulations with these anyons cannot realize universal quantum computation. 13. Nontrivial transition of transmission in a highly open quantum point contact in the quantum Hall regime Science.gov (United States) Hong, Changki; Park, Jinhong; Chung, Yunchul; Choi, Hyungkook; Umansky, Vladimir 2017-11-01 Transmission through a quantum point contact (QPC) in the quantum Hall regime usually exhibits multiple resonances as a function of gate voltage and high nonlinearity in bias. Such behavior is unpredictable and changes sample by sample. Here, we report the observation of a sharp transition of the transmission through an open QPC at finite bias, which was observed consistently for all the tested QPCs. It is found that the bias dependence of the transition can be fitted to the Fermi-Dirac distribution function through universal scaling. The fitted temperature matches quite nicely to the electron temperature measured via shot-noise thermometry. While the origin of the transition is unclear, we propose a phenomenological model based on our experimental results that may help to understand such a sharp transition. Similar transitions are observed in the fractional quantum Hall regime, and it is found that the temperature of the system can be measured by rescaling the quasiparticle energy with the effective charge (e*=e /3 ). We believe that the observed phenomena can be exploited as a tool for measuring the electron temperature of the system and for studying the quasiparticle charges of the fractional quantum Hall states. 14. Search for supersymmetry in 2 different topologies with the L3 detector at Lep International Nuclear Information System (INIS) Balandras, A. 2000-01-01 The present thesis presents two different aspects of my work in the L3 experiment, which are on one side the search for supersymmetric particles, the scalar leptons, in two different topologies 'electron + X + E' and '2 leptons + 2 photons + E', each of them being related to two theoretical SUSY models, m-SUGRA and GMSB. On the other side my work has been completed by the study of the BGO crystal electromagnetic calorimeter of L3, and the calibration of the electromagnetic calorimeter EGAP. After the essential motivations being reviewed, the production and disintegration modes are detailed concerning the scalar lepton sector at LEP. Then one presents the analysis techniques which I used to perform my selection, and also the results obtained from the data collected by L3 for center of mass energies between √ S =183 GeV and 202 GeV. The selection criteria that allow to isolate the events I looked for, including efficiencies but also the background rate coming from Standard Model that one can expect are presented. The final interpretations of those results in both frameworks of m-SUGRA and GMSB are detailed at the end of this thesis. I took benefit of those results to derive some limits on the masses of the scalar leptons that do not depend on the free parameters of the SUSY models, especially on the selectron mass in the framework of m-SUGRA: M e -tilde R > 71.2 GeV. (authors) 15. Search for scalar leptons at LEP with the L3 detector CERN Document Server Xia, Lei 2002-01-01 In this thesis, I present a search for scalar leptons in e+e- annihilation using the L3 detector at LEP. Data collected in 1999 and 2000, at center-of-mass energies between 192 GeV and 208 GeV, was used in this analysis. This work covered the scalar lepton searches in both SUGRA and GMSB models. To achieve this analysis, a parametrized selection was developed to handle the different event signatures in SUGRA models. Improvement of the L3 simulation and reconstruction program packages was carried out so that one can simulated the scalar leptons in GMSB models correctly. The simulation of the L3 Time Expansion Chamber (TEC) dE/dx measurement was rewritten to facilitate the analysis for a stable slepton signal, which is relevant in some parts of the parameter space in GMSB models. In this analysis, we didn't abserve any significant indication of scalar lepton production of any type. We achieved the following mass exclusion limits for scalar leptons in SUGRA models, for large dM: M(scalar e) > 97 GeV (expected 97... 16. Determination of the masses of electrical weak gauge bosons with L3 CERN Document Server Rosenbleck, Christian 2006-01-01 This thesis presents the measurement of the masses of the carriers of the weak force in the Standard Model of Particle Physics, the gauge bosons W and Z. The masses are determined using the kinematics of the bosons' decay products. The data were collected by the L3 experiment at the Large Electron Positron Collider (LEP) at centre-of-mass energies, sqrt(s), between 183 GeV and 209 GeV in the years 1997 to 2000. The mass of the Z-boson, mZ, is already known very precisely: The L3 collaboration determined it to be mZ = 91.1898 +- 0.0031 GeV from a scan of the Z resonance. Therefore the main aim of this analysis is not the determination of the numerical value of mZ; instead the analysis is used to cross-check the measurement of the W boson mass since the methods are similar. Alternatively, the analysis can be used to measure the mean centre-of-mass energy at the L3 interaction point. The Z-boson mass is determined to be mZ = 91.272 +- 0.046 GeV. If interpreted as measurement of the centre-of-mass energy, this va... 17. Psychometric Properties of the Italian Version of the Young Schema Questionnaire L-3: Preliminary Results Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden) Aristide Saggino 2018-03-01 Full Text Available Schema Therapy (ST is a well-known approach for the treatment of personality disorders. This therapy integrates different theories and techniques into an original and systematic treatment model. The Young Schema Questionnaire L-3 (YSQ-L3 is a self-report instrument, based on the ST model, designed to assess 18 Early Maladaptive Schemas (EMSs. During the last decade, it has been translated and validated in different countries and languages. This study aims to establish the psychometric properties of the Italian Version of the YSQ-L3. We enrolled two groups: a clinical (n = 148 and a non-clinical one (n = 918. We investigated the factor structure, reliability and convergent validity with anxiety and depression between clinical and non-clinical groups. The results highlighted a few relevant findings. Cronbach's alpha showed significant values for all the schemas. All of the factor models do not seem highly adequate, even if the hierarchical model has proven to be the most significant one. Furthermore, the questionnaire confirms the ability to discriminate between clinical and non-clinical groups and could represent a useful tool in the clinical practice. Limitations and future directions are discussed. 18. Resonant Hall effect under generation of a self-sustaining mode of spin current in nonmagnetic bipolar conductors with identical characters between holes and electrons Science.gov (United States) Sakai, Masamichi; Takao, Hiraku; Matsunaga, Tomoyoshi; Nishimagi, Makoto; Iizasa, Keitaro; Sakuraba, Takahito; Higuchi, Koji; Kitajima, Akira; Hasegawa, Shigehiko; Nakamura, Osamu; Kurokawa, Yuichiro; Awano, Hiroyuki 2018-03-01 We have proposed an enhancement mechanism of the Hall effect, the signal of which is amplified due to the generation of a sustaining mode of spin current. Our analytic derivations of the Hall resistivity revealed the conditions indispensable for the observation of the effect: (i) the presence of the transverse component of an effective electric field due to spin splitting in chemical potential in addition to the longitudinal component; (ii) the simultaneous presence of holes and electrons each having approximately the same characteristics; (iii) spin-polarized current injection from magnetized electrodes; (iv) the boundary condition for the transverse current (J c, y = 0). The model proposed in this study was experimentally verified by using van der Pauw-type Hall devices consisting of the nonmagnetic bipolar conductor YH x (x ≃ 2) and TbFeCo electrodes. Replacing Au electrodes with TbFeCo electrodes alters the Hall resistivity from the ordinary Hall effect to the anomalous Hall-like effect with an enhancement factor of approximately 50 at 4 T. We interpreted the enhancement phenomenon in terms of the present model. 19. Quantum Theory of Conducting Matter Superconductivity and Quantum Hall Effect CERN Document Server

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https://cs.overleaf.com/latex/templates/template-for-a-modular-thesis/cbzwddddbnqx

AbstractA modular template that contains and explains how to use the following items: frontmatter subdivision (frontispecie.tex, credits.tex, abstract.tex, tocs.tex, glossary.tex, simbols.tex); mainmatter subdivision (introduction, chapters and after appendices followed by an increasing number or letter: a folder for every chapter and appendix (inside there is chapter"number".tex or appendix"letter".tex and 2 folders for figures and tables if necessary); backmatter subdivision (bibliography.tex and index.tex). More info on: http://rainnic.altervista.org/tag/thesis

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http://mathhelpforum.com/pre-calculus/131710-calculating-inflation-rates.html

1. ## Calculating Inflation rates In a country where inflation is a concern, prices have risen by 40% over a 5-year period. a) By what percent do the prices rise each year? b) How long does it take for prices to rise by 5%? So how would I start out this problem? When it says inflation that means the prices are going up. Should I use this formula: P0e^k*t = P0 e^k*5 = 1.4 to solve and find the answer to a? If so then should the answer to a) be 0.067294447 or 6.7294447%? Also for b) should the set up be like this? 1(1.067294447)^t = 1.05? Solve for t If so should the answer to b) be 0.749155419? 2. Originally Posted by krzyrice In a country where inflation is a concern, prices have risen by 40% over a 5-year period. a) By what percent do the prices rise each year? b) How long does it take for prices to rise by 5%? So how would I start out this problem? When it says inflation that means the prices are going up. Should I use this formula: P0e^k*t = P0 e^k*5 = 1.4 to solve and find the answer to a? Inflation acts like "compounding continuously" so that would be correct. If so then should the answer to a) be 0.067294447 or 6.7294447%? If you are asking "which", the problem say "By what percent" so the second is correct. Also for b) should the set up be like this? 1(1.067294447)^t = 1.05? Solve for t If so should the answer to b) be 0.749155419? No, you should use the formula you used to get .06729447: [tex]e^{.06729447 t}= 1.05. , , ### how to calculate inflation rate in mathematics Click on a term to search for related topics.

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https://math.stackexchange.com/questions/2546454/is-it-true-that-sum-k-0m-binomn-kk-outputs-the-n1th-fibonacci-numbe

# Is it true that $\sum_{k=0}^m\binom{n-k}k$ outputs the $(n+1)$th Fibonacci number, where $m=\frac{n-1}2$ for odd $n$ and $m=\frac n2$ for even $n$? Does $$\sum_{k=0}^m\binom{n-k}k=F_{n+1}$$ where $m=\left\{\begin{matrix} \frac{n-1}{2}, \text{for odd} \,n\\ \frac n2, \text{for even} \,n \end{matrix}\right.$ hold for all positive integers $n$? Attempt: I have not yet found a counterexample, so I will attempt to prove it. $$\text{LHS} =\binom n0 + \binom{n-1}1+\binom{n-2}2+...+\left\{\begin{matrix} \binom{1+(n-1)/2}{(n-1)/2}, \text{for odd} \,n\\ \binom{n/2}{n/2}, \text{for even} \,n \end{matrix}\right.$$ Now using the identity that $\binom nk + \binom n{k+1}=\binom {n+1}{k+1}$, where $k$ is a positive integer, I find that $$\binom{n-1}1=\binom n1 - 1, \\ \binom {n-2}2=\binom n2-2\binom n1+3,\\ \binom {n-3}{3} =\binom n3 - 3\binom n2 + 6 \binom n1 - 10, \\ ...$$ This pattern suggests that the coefficients of $\binom{n-4}4$ will be square numbers, those of $\binom{n-5}5$ will be pentagonal numbers, etc. However, I cannot see a way to link these results to any Fibonacci identity. Edit: @Jack D'Aurizio♢ has provided a very succinct proof to this, but is there a more algebraic method to show the equality? • – Guy Fsone Dec 1 '17 at 18:58 • @GuyFsone: the point here is not to prove the hockey stick (or stars and bars) identity, but to understand how it is related to Fibonacci numbers. – Jack D'Aurizio Dec 1 '17 at 19:15 • @JackD'Aurizio I got it thanks – Guy Fsone Dec 1 '17 at 19:19 • – Felix Marin Dec 1 '17 at 23:50 There is a simple combinatorial interpretation. Let $S_n$ be the set of strings over the alphabet $\Sigma=\{0,1\}$ with length $n$ and no occurrence of the substring $11$. Let $L_n=|S_n|$. We clearly have $L_1=2$ and $L_2=3$, and $L_n=F_{n+2}$ is straightforward to prove by induction, since every element of $S_n$, for $n\geq 3$, is either $0\text{(element of }S_{n-1})$ or $10\text{(element of }S_{n-2})$, so $L_{n+2}=L_{n+1}+L_n$. On the other hand, we may consider the elements of $S_n$ with exactly $k$ characters $1$. There are as many elements with such structure as ways of writing $n+2-k$ as the sum of $k+1$ positive natural numbers. Here it is an example for $n=8$ and $k=3$: $$00101001\mapsto \color{grey}{0}00101001\color{grey}{0}\mapsto \color{red}{000}1\color{red}{0}1\color{red}{00}1\color{red}{0}\mapsto3+1+2+1.$$ By stars and bars it follows that: $$L_n = F_{n+2} = \sum_{k=0}^{n}[x^{n+2-k}]\left(\frac{x}{1-x}\right)^{k+1}=\sum_{k=0}^{n}\binom{n+1-k}{k}$$ and by reindexing we get $F_{n+1}=\sum_{k=0}^{n}\binom{n-k}{k}$ as wanted. • I don't really get the interpretation of $S_n$. Say we have the string $0101$. What does that mean? – TheSimpliFire Dec 1 '17 at 19:34 • @TheSimpliFire: $0101$ it is an element of $S_4$, associated with $k=2$ and $2+1+1$. – Jack D'Aurizio Dec 1 '17 at 19:40 • $S_4$ has $8$ elements, namely $$0000,0001,0010,0100,0101,1000,1001,1010$$ associated with $$6, 4+1,3+2,2+3,2+1+1,1+4,1+2+1,1+1+2.$$ – Jack D'Aurizio Dec 1 '17 at 19:45 • Thank you. But why is $0010$ associated with $3+2$? – TheSimpliFire Dec 1 '17 at 19:52 • @TheSimpliFire: add an initial and a final zero to get $000100\mapsto 3+2$. – Jack D'Aurizio Dec 1 '17 at 19:58 Here is more of an algebraic solution through generating functions. We have \begin{align} \sum_{n=0}^{\infty}\sum_{k=0}^{\lfloor n/2\rfloor}\binom{n-k}{k}x^n &=\sum_{k=0}^{\infty}\sum_{n=k}^{\infty}\binom{n}{k}x^{n+k+1}\\ &=\sum_{k=0}^{\infty}x^{2k+1}\sum_{n=k}^{\infty}\binom{n}{k}x^{n-k}\\ &=\sum_{k=0}^{\infty}x^{2k+1}\sum_{n=0}^{\infty}\binom{n+k}{k}x^{n}\\ &=\sum_{k=0}^{\infty}x^{2k+1}\frac{1}{(1-x)^{k+1}}\\ &=\frac{x}{1-x}\sum_{k=0}^{\infty}\left(\frac{x^2}{1-x}\right)^k\\ &=\frac{x}{1-x}\frac{1}{1-\frac{x^2}{1-x}}\\ &=\frac{x}{1-x-x^2} \end{align} where on the last line we arrived at the well known generating function for fibonacci numbers. So by equality of coefficients it follows $$F_{n+1} = \sum_{k=0}^{\lfloor (n)/2\rfloor}\binom{n-k}{k}.$$ • clever use of summations and series! – TheSimpliFire Dec 2 '17 at 14:05

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http://www.ck12.org/tebook/Basic-Speller-Teacher-Materials/r1/section/5.14/

<meta http-equiv="refresh" content="1; url=/nojavascript/"> You are reading an older version of this FlexBook® textbook: Basic Speller Teacher Materials Go to the latest version. # 5.14: The Combinations [ks] and [kw] Difficulty Level: At Grade Created by: CK-12 ## The Combinations [ks] and [kw] 1. You can hear the combination [kw] at the beginning of queen. You can hear the combination [ks] at the end of fix. 2. Underline the letters that spell [ks] or [kw]. In words like likes the <e> is not helping spell the [ks]. It is marking the long vowel, so you should just underline the <k> and $<\mathrm{s}>$ :likes. $& \text{e\underline{x}pense} && \text{s\underline{q}uea\underline{k}s} && \text{jo\underline{k}e\underline{s}} && \text{tri\underline{cks}} \\& \text{blin\underline{ks}} && \text{mi\underline{x}ed} && \text{remar\underline{ks}} && \text{re\underline{qu}ire} \\& \text{\underline{qu}izzed} && \text{par\underline{ks}} && \text{e\underline{x}ercise} && \text{fo\underline{x}} \\& \text{lo\underline{cks}} && \text{mechani\underline{cs}} && \text{\underline{qu}its} && \text{atta\underline{cks}} \\& \text{rela\underline{x}} && \text{ta\underline{x}es} && \text{mista\underline{k}e\underline{s}} && \text{wee\underline{ks}}$ 3. Sort the words into these two groups. Be careful: One word goes into both groups. Words that Contain [ks]: Words that Contain [kw]: expense jokes quizzed locks exercise quits relax mistakes require squeaks tricks mixed fox parks attacks mechanics weeks taxes 4. In seven words [ks] is spelled <ks> In six words [ks] is spelled <x> In three words [ks] is spelled <cks> In one word [ks] is spelled <cs> 5. Sort the words that contain [ks] into these four groups: Words with [ks] spelled . . . <ks> <x> <cks> <cs> squeaks relax tricks parks mixed attacks jokes taxes remarks exercise mistakes fox weeks 6. Four ways of spelling [ks] are <ks>, <x>, <cks>, and <cs>. 7. In all the words that contain [kw], how is the [kw] spelled? <qu>. That is the way we spell [kw] just about all the time! 8. How Do You Spell [kw]? The combination [kw] is normally spelled <qu>. Teaching Notes. The spelling of [kw] is quite straightforward. We say normally in Item 8 because of the only known holdouts: choir, coif, coiffure . In Old English [kw] was regularly spelled <cw>, so queen was spelled cw$\bar{\mathrm{e}}$n. The <cw> spelling was changed to <qu> through the influence of French-speaking scribes during the Middle Ages. For more on <qu>, see AES, pp. 358-60. The spelling of [ks] is considerably more complicated. The students will study it more in the next lesson. ## Subjects: 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 Feb 23, 2012 Jul 07, 2015

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https://mathematica.stackexchange.com/questions/20435/non-commutative-algebra

# Non-commutative algebra I'm constantly dealing with non-commutative algebras. ** is inbuilt, non-commutative and associative. That's good :-) But it is not distributive. Rats. • What is a simple way (I probably won't need much more) to have, say, (a1 + a2 + a3)**(b1 + b2 + b3) always expand to a1**b1 + ... + a3**b3, on the fly? • And if I like to add (also executed on the fly) laws like a1**b1 = c1 + d1? • And, last question, if I did and have a2**a1**b1 (with, say, a2**a1 = e1 forced), do (a2**a1)**b1 and a2**(a1**b1) substitute to e1**b1 and a2**(c1+d1), respectively, or both to e1**b1 due to flatness of **? • Are you familiar with UpValues? The easiest thing to do would be to create your own symbol (to which you can set your own rules and infix). However, if it is important to still use NonCommutativeMultiply you can in theory unprotect it, then add UpValues, but that is frowned upon and a bit dangerous. – VF1 Feb 28 '13 at 15:23 • There is of course Distribute[(a1 + a2 + a3) ** (b1 + b2 + b3)] as well. – chuy Feb 28 '13 at 16:20 • For distribution you should consult the second application of NCM in Mathematica Documentation. – Stefan Feb 28 '13 at 18:20 I recommend you try the NCAlgebra package if you are going to do these kinds of computations. It is a mature package that has been under development for many years. The function you are looking for is NCExpand.

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http://clay6.com/qa/19110/a-particle-is-projected-at-time-t-0-from-a-point-p-on-the-ground-with-a-spe

Browse Questions # A particle is projected at time $t=0$ from a point P on the ground with a speed $V_0$ at an angle of $45^{\circ}$ to the horizontal . What is the magnitude of the angular momentum of the particle about point P at time $t= \large\frac{V_0}{g}$ $\begin {array} {1 1} (a)\;\frac{mV_0^2}{2 \sqrt 2 g} & \quad (b)\;\frac{mV_0^3}{\sqrt 2 g} \\ (c)\;\frac{mV_0^2}{\sqrt 2 g} & \quad (d)\;\frac{mV_0^3}{2 \sqrt 2 } \end {array}$ $u_x=V_0 \cos \theta=\large\frac{V_0}{\sqrt 2}$ $u_y=V_0 \sin \theta- gt=\large\frac{V_0}{\sqrt 2}- \frac{V_0}{g}. g$ $\qquad= V_0 \bigg[\large\frac{1- \sqrt 2}{\sqrt 2}\bigg]$ $\overrightarrow{p}=\large\frac{mV_0}{\sqrt 2} \hat i $$+mV_0 \bigg[ \large\frac{1- \sqrt 2}{\sqrt 2}\bigg]\hat {j} \overrightarrow {r} =x \hat i + y\hat j x= u_xt \quad= \large\frac{V_0}{\sqrt 2}. \large\frac{V_0}{g} \quad= \large\frac{V_0^2}{\sqrt 2 g} y= V_0 \sin \theta t -\large\frac{1}{2}$$gt^2$ $\qquad=\large\frac{V_0}{\sqrt 2} \frac{V_0}{g} -\large\frac{1}{2} g \frac{V_o^2}{g^2}$ $\qquad= \large\frac{V_0^2}{g} \bigg[\frac{1}{\sqrt 2}-\frac{1}{2}]$ $\qquad= \large\frac{V_0^2}{g} \bigg[ \large\frac{2 -\sqrt 2}{2 \sqrt 2}\bigg]$ $L= \bar {r} \times \bar {p}$ $\qquad = \bigg\{\large\frac{V_0^2}{\sqrt 2 g} \hat i +\large\frac{V_0^2}{g} \bigg[ \large\frac{2 - \sqrt 2}{2 \sqrt 2}\bigg] \hat j \bigg\}$$\times \bigg\{\large\frac{mV_0}{\sqrt 2 } \hat i$$+ m V_0 \bigg[\large\frac{1- \sqrt 2}{\sqrt 2}\bigg]$$\hat j \bigg\} \qquad= \large\frac{ mV_0^3}{\sqrt 2 g} \bigg[\large\frac{1- \sqrt 2}{\sqrt 2}\bigg] \hat k - \large\frac{mV_0^3}{\sqrt 2 g} \bigg[ \large\frac{2 - \sqrt 2 }{2 \sqrt 2} \bigg] \hat k \qquad = \bigg(\large\frac{mv_0^3}{2g}-$$ 2 \large\frac{mV_0^3}{2 \sqrt 2 g}\bigg) \hat k - \large\frac{mV_0^3}{ 2 g} \hat k+\frac{mv_0^3}{2 \sqrt 2 g } \hat k$ => $\bigg\{ \large\frac{mv_0^3}{2 \sqrt 2 g}-\frac{2 mv_0^3}{2 \sqrt 2}\bigg\} \hat k$ $\qquad= -\large\frac{-mV_0^3}{2 \sqrt 2}$ $|\bar {L}| = \large\frac{mV_0^3}{2 \sqrt 2}$ edited Jun 22, 2014

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https://math.stackexchange.com/questions/3738214/is-there-a-geometric-analog-of-absolute-value

# Is there a geometric analog of absolute value? I'm wondering whether there exists a geometric analog concept of absolute value. In other words, if absolute value can be defined as $$\text{abs}(x) =\max(x,-x)$$ intuitively the additive distance from $$0$$ to $$x$$, is there a geometric version $$\text{Geoabs}(x) = \max(x, 1/x)$$ which is intuitively the multiplicative "distance" from $$1$$ to $$x$$? Update: Agreed it only makes sense for $$Geoabs()$$ to be restricted to positive reals. To give some context on application, I am working on the solution of an optimization problem something like: $$\begin{array}{ll} \text{minimize} & \prod_i Geoabs(x_i) \\ \text{subject to} & \prod_{i \in S_j} x_i = C_j && \forall j \\ &x_i > 0 && \forall i . \end{array}$$ Basically want to satisfy all these product equations $$j$$ by moving $$x_i$$'s as little as possible from $$1$$. Note by the construction there are always infinite feasible solutions. • Is the triangular inequality satisfied ? Jun 28, 2020 at 22:15 • Interesting idea but I'd consider revising the definition to $\operatorname{geoabs}(x)=\operatorname{sign}\left(x\right)\max\left(\left|x\right|,\left|\frac{1}{x}\right|\right)$, which would take $x$ over $(-\infty,-1]$ and $1/x$ on $(-1,0)$ instead of the other way round as you have. Your version has small or large negative values multiplicatively close $1$ while $-1$ is the most distal from $1$, which should be reversed. – Jam Jun 28, 2020 at 22:22 • @hamam_Abdallah I believe it is if you consider positive $x$ only. – Jam Jun 28, 2020 at 22:26 • The length of a vector is an absolute value. Jun 29, 2020 at 10:05 • Interesting question, but my initial reaction is "Have you thought about re-stating the problem in terms of the variables $y_i$, where $y_i = \log x_i$"? Jun 29, 2020 at 13:31 To make things easier I'll set $$f(x)=\max\{x,-x\}$$ and $$g(x)=\max\{x,\frac{1}{x}\}$$. So we understand that $$f:\mathbb{R}\to \mathbb{R}^+$$ and $$g: \mathbb{R}^+\to \mathbb{R}^+$$. Then $$\exp(f(x))=g(\exp(x))$$. So we can use this to translate some properties like the triangle inequality. $$g(xy)=g(\exp(\log(xy)))=\exp(f(\log(xy)))=\exp(f(\log(x)+\log(y)))$$ $$\leq \exp(f(\log x)+f(\log y))=\exp(f(\log x))\exp(f(\log y))=g(\exp(\log(x))g(\exp(\log(x))$$ $$=g(x)g(y)$$ So $$g(xy)\leq g(x)g(y)$$ and we have the multiplicative triangle inequality. Of course this is easier to show directly but the method emphasizes the "transfer". Another good sign is $$g(x)=1$$ if and only if $$x=1$$. All in all it looks like you're moving between $$(\mathbb{R},+)$$ and $$(\mathbb{R}^+,\cdot)$$ with $$\log$$ and $$\exp$$. So a nice question. I'm sure there's more to say. Another way (maybe cleaner) to see it : let us consider • $$G_1 = (\mathbb{R},+,\|\cdot\|_1)$$ the additive group of real numbers equipped with a norm : for all $$x\in G_1$$, $$\|x\|_1 = |x| = \max \{x,-x\}$$ • $$G_2 = (\mathbb{R_+^*},\cdot,\|\cdot\|_2)$$ the multiplicative group of (strictly) positive real numbers equipped with a norm defined using the norm of $$G_1$$ : for all $$x\in G_2$$, $$\|x\|_2 = \|\ln x\|_1 = \ln \max \{x,1/x\}$$ The map $$\exp\colon G_1\to G_2$$ is therefore by construction a group isometric isomorphism (with $$\ln\colon G_2\to G_1$$ its inverse). Indeed, for all $$x\in G_1$$ $$\|x\|_1 = \|\exp x\|_2$$ You can check that $$\|e_i\|_i = 0$$ where $$e_i$$ is the identity element of $$G_i$$ (here $$e_1 = 0$$ and $$e_2 = 1$$). If you forget the $$\ln$$ map in the definition of $$\|\cdot\|_2$$, it is not anymore a norm.

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https://realdevtalk.com/tag/pytorch/

## Tensors & Machine Learning When it comes to building neural network models, there’s a lot of factors to consider such as hyperparameter tuning, model architecture, whether to use a pre-trained model or not, and so on and so forth. While it’s true that these are all important aspects to consider, I would argue that proper understanding of data representations […]

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https://www.hpmuseum.org/forum/thread-11446-post-104559.html

(15C) Arithmetic with Fractions 09-23-2018, 09:24 AM (This post was last modified: 09-27-2018 02:19 AM by Gamo.) Post: #1 Gamo Senior Member Posts: 581 Joined: Dec 2016 (15C) Arithmetic with Fractions Program to add, subtract, multiply, divide, simplify to lowest term and convert to mixed fraction. All procedure is the same from previous post for the (11C) Arithmetic with Fractions. This program is the updated version from 11C that improve the computation speed by using better GCD algorithm. (11C) Arithmetic with Fractions link page at Here is the clips of this updated version https://youtu.be/wRrKXyRVof8 Program: 87 program lines Code: LBL A    // Store Fractions STO 4 Rv STO 3 Rv STO 2 Rv STO 1 CLx RTN -------------------------------------------------------- LBL B    // Add or Subtract  RCL 1 RCL 4 x RCL 2 RCL 3 x + STO 5 RCL 2 RCL 4 x STO 6 GTO 5 ----------------------------------------------------------- LBL C    // Multiply  RCL 1 RCL 3 x STO 5 RCL 2 RCL 4 x STO 6 RCL 5 GTO 5 ---------------------------------------------------------- LBL D    // Divide RCL 1 RCL 4 x STO 5 RCL 2 RCL 3 x STO 6 RCL 5 LBL 5    // Reduce Fractions using GCD ENTER ENTER CLx + Rv ÷ LSTx X<>Y INT x - TEST 0   // X≠0 GTO 5 + RCL 6 X<>Y ÷ RCL 5 LSTx ÷ RTN -------------------------------------------------- LBL E    // Mixed Fraction STO 0 ÷ LSTx X<>Y ENTER FRAC X<>Y INT Rv x EEX 4 ÷ R^ + FIX 4 RCL 0 X<>Y RTN This add-on section is for "Decimal to Fraction" Program Procedure: Display X.xxxx.... [GSB] 1 display Numerator [X<>Y] Denominator If Numerator is larger than Denominator Press [E] for Mixed Fraction Example: FIX 4 e^1 = 2.7183 [GSB] 1 display 193 [X<>Y] 71 [E] display 2.0051 [X<>Y] 71 Mixed Fraction answer is 2+ 51/71 Program: Decimal to Fraction [Total 132 program steps] Code: LBL 1 STO 0 STO 1 0 ENTER ENTER 1 R^ LBL 2 INT R^ x + STO 2 GSB3 X<>Y ÷ RND RCL 0 RND X=Y GTO 4 + CLx RCL 2 ENTER ENTER R^ RCL 1 FRAC 1/x STO 1 GTO 2 LBL 4 RCL 2 LBL 3 ENTER ENTER RCL 0 x . 5 + INT RTN Gamo 09-23-2018, 05:12 PM (This post was last modified: 09-23-2018 05:14 PM by Dieter.) Post: #2 Dieter Senior Member Posts: 2,397 Joined: Dec 2013 RE: (15C) Arithmetic with Fractions (09-23-2018 09:24 AM)Gamo Wrote:  Program to add, subtract, multiply, divide, simplify to lowest term and convert to mixed fraction. ... This program is the updated version from 11C that improve the computation speed by using better GCD algorithm. So you now got a decent GCD algorithm. That's great, but why does the add/subtract function still use the slow iterative method for calculating the LCM of the two denominators? That's not required as the resulting fraction is reduced anyway in the next step. And I think there also is an error in this LCM routine: Code: LBL 2 + STO 3   <=== I think this should be STO 5 RCL 2 ÷ RCL 1 x ... But why don't you replace the whole code at LBL B with... Code: LBL B RCL 1 RCL 4 x RCL 2 RCL 3 x + STO 6   <== numerator of result RCL 2 RCL 4 x STO 5   <== denominator of result GSB 5   <== determine GCD GSB 3   <== reduce fraction (divide by GCD) X<>Y RTN You don't have to determine (very slowly...) the LCM of the two denominators as in the next step the GCD is calculated. So simply set the common denominator to den1*den2. The whole LCM iteration can be removed completety, as shown in the example. I also think that the lines between LBL 3 and LBL 6 can be removed. At LBL 3 the GCD is in X. The lines at LBL 3 now check whether the GCD is > 1 or not. If not, the fraction is not reduced. But this makes no sense as the GCD always is 1 or greater. So you always divide by the GCD. So I think you can delete all the lines after LBL 3 up to and including LBL 6. Please correct me if I'm wrong or if my interpretation of your program is not correct. BTW, the division routine can be removed. All you have to do is swap the second numerator and denominator. If you want to stick to the way the program is used (enter data at LBL A), all you have to do is: Code: LBL D RCL 3 RCL 4 STO 3 X<>Y STO 4 --------------- LBL C ... Dieter 09-24-2018, 02:19 AM Post: #3 Gamo Senior Member Posts: 581 Joined: Dec 2016 RE: (15C) Arithmetic with Fractions Dieter Thank You for the review and recommendation. I have changed to all of your recommended corrections. List of program change are 1. The whole LBL B have been changed. 2. Delete LBL 3 and keep LBL 6 3. LBL B change GSB 3 to GSB 6 4. LBL C and LBL D change GTO 3 to GTO 6 Test run this update program and computation speed is much faster than previous version and program line reduced to only 107 lines. Thank You again Gamo 09-24-2018, 12:27 PM (This post was last modified: 09-25-2018 06:38 AM by Dieter.) Post: #4 Dieter Senior Member Posts: 2,397 Joined: Dec 2013 RE: (15C) Arithmetic with Fractions (09-24-2018 02:19 AM)Gamo Wrote:  I have changed to all of your recommended corrections. There is still room for improvement. ;-) The add/subtract routine at LBL B has a final X<>Y which is not required if you store numerator and denominator in the same way as at LBL C and D. Simply swap R5 and R6: Code: LBL B    // Add or Subtract  RCL 1 RCL 4 x RCL 2 RCL 3 x + STO 5 RCL 2 RCL 4 x STO 6 GSB 5 GTO 6 After this change all functions end with GSB 5 GTO 6. So you can combine LBL 5 and LBL 6: At the end of the GCD routine, remove the RTN and continue with the LBL 6 stuff directly. This means: at the end of the LBL B and C routines you replace GSB 5 GTO 6 with a simple GTO 5, and at the end of LBL D the program directly continues with LBL 5. The GCD routine at LBL 5 does not require any registers so R0, R7 and R8 don't have to be used. Also the initial test is not required. If you keep it (X>Y? X<>Y) you may save one loop if X is greater than Y, but I removed it anyway: Code: LBL 5 ENTER ENTER CLX + Rv ÷ LstX X<>Y INT x - X≠0?     // TEST 0 on the 15C GTO 5 +        // after this addition the GCD fills the whole stack RCL 6 X<>Y ÷ RCL 5 LstX ÷ RTN LBL E ... Finally, the two consecutive X<>Y at LBL E do not make any sense, so they should be removed. The final program should have about 90 lines then. ;-) Edit: here is another listing of the GCD routine including the stack contents, so you can see how it works. One step could be saved by using a R^ command, but the way it is now it can also be used on the 12C. Code: LBL 5   //  b       a       ?       ? ENTER   //  b       b       a       ? ENTER   //  b       b       b       a CLX     //  0       b       b       a +       //  b       b       a       a Rv      //  b       a       a       b ÷       //  a/b     a       b       b LstX    //  b       a/b     a       b X<>Y    //  a/b     b       a       b  INT     // [a/b]    b       a       b x       // b*[a/b]  a       b       b -       // a mod b  b       b       b X≠0?    // if the remainder is not zero yet GTO 5   // repeat loop with b and (a mod b) +       //  b       b      b      b RTN     // else b is the desired GCD HTH, Dieter 09-25-2018, 02:08 AM (This post was last modified: 09-25-2018 06:22 AM by Gamo.) Post: #5 Gamo Senior Member Posts: 581 Joined: Dec 2016 RE: (15C) Arithmetic with Fractions Dieter Now the program steps is only 87 lines !!! Thank You for the corrections again and is updated. Your GCD routine is an excellent one. GCD and all arithmetic results is integrated "all in one" label. By the way I try this on HP-11C with this update The computation speed is really fast now. One minor nitpick X≠0? is "TEST 0" for 15C Thank You again Gamo 09-25-2018, 06:39 AM Post: #6 Dieter Senior Member Posts: 2,397 Joined: Dec 2013 RE: (15C) Arithmetic with Fractions (09-25-2018 02:08 AM)Gamo Wrote:  One minor nitpick X≠0? is "TEST 0" for 15C Oh, yes, you're right. I have corrected this in the original listing. #-) Dieter 09-27-2018, 02:14 AM (This post was last modified: 09-27-2018 02:37 AM by Gamo.) Post: #7 Gamo Senior Member Posts: 581 Joined: Dec 2016 RE: (15C) Arithmetic with Fractions Since this program is now perfect. Why not add a "Decimal to Fraction" for a complete fraction solver. All this can be run on HP-11C and total program steps is 132 steps. Gamo 02-05-2019, 04:02 AM Post: #8 Jlouis Senior Member Posts: 646 Joined: Nov 2014 RE: (15C) Arithmetic with Fractions Can't thank you enough, Gamo and Dieter. My 15C thanks too! Cheers JL « Next Oldest | Next Newest » User(s) browsing this thread: 1 Guest(s)

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https://openreview.net/forum?id=MljXVdp4A3N

## Know Your Action Set: Learning Action Relations for Reinforcement Learning 29 Sept 2021, 00:30 (modified: 16 Mar 2022, 08:08)ICLR 2022 PosterReaders: Everyone Keywords: reinforcement learning, varying action space, relational reasoning Abstract: Intelligent agents can solve tasks in various ways depending on their available set of actions. However, conventional reinforcement learning (RL) assumes a fixed action set. This work asserts that tasks with varying action sets require reasoning of the relations between the available actions. For instance, taking a nail-action in a repair task is meaningful only if a hammer-action is also available. To learn and utilize such action relations, we propose a novel policy architecture consisting of a graph attention network over the available actions. We show that our model makes informed action decisions by correctly attending to other related actions in both value-based and policy-based RL. Consequently, it outperforms non-relational architectures on applications where the action space often varies, such as recommender systems and physical reasoning with tools and skills. Results and code at https://sites.google.com/view/varyingaction . One-sentence Summary: Learning action interdependence for reinforcement learning under a varying action space. Supplementary Material: zip 10 Replies

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https://www.ideals.illinois.edu/handle/2142/19109

## Files in this item FilesDescriptionFormat application/pdf 9543665.pdf (4MB) (no description provided)PDF ## Description Title: The power of parallel time Author(s): Mak, Ka Ho Doctoral Committee Chair(s): Loui, Michael C. Department / Program: Computer Science Discipline: Computer Science Degree Granting Institution: University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign Degree: Ph.D. Genre: Dissertation Subject(s): Computer Science Abstract: In this thesis, we address the following question: Are parallel machines always faster than sequential machines? Our approach is to examine the common machine models of sequential computation. For each such machine ${\cal M}$ that runs in time T, we determine whether it is possible to speed up ${\cal M}$ by a "parallel version" ${\cal M}\sp\prime$ of ${\cal M}$ that runs in time o(T). We find that the answer is affirmative for a wide range of machine models, including the tree Turing machine, the multidimensional Turing machine, the log-cost RAM (random access machine), the unit-cost RAM, and the pointer machine. All previous speedup results either relied on the severe limitation on the storage structure of ${\cal M}$ (e.g., ${\cal M}\sp\prime$ was a Turing machine with linear tapes) or required that ${\cal M}\sp\prime$ had a more versatile storage structure than ${\cal M}$ (e.g., ${\cal M}\sp\prime$ was a PRAM (parallel RAM), and ${\cal M}$ was a Turing machine with linear tapes). It was unclear whether it was the parallelism or the restriction on the storage structures (or the combination of both) that realized such speedup. We remove the above restrictions on storage structures in previous results. We present speedup theorems where the storage medium of ${\cal M}\sp\prime$ is the same as (or even weaker than) that of ${\cal M}$. Hence, parallelism alone suffices to achieve a speedup. One implication is that there does not exist any recursive function that is "inherently not parallelizable." Issue Date: 1995 Type: Text Language: English URI: http://hdl.handle.net/2142/19109 Rights Information: Copyright 1995 Mak, Ka Ho Date Available in IDEALS: 2011-05-07 Identifier in Online Catalog: AAI9543665 OCLC Identifier: (UMI)AAI9543665 

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http://mathhelpforum.com/calculus/20472-acceleration-velocity-models-problem.html

# Math Help - Acceleration-Velocity Models problem 1. ## Acceleration-Velocity Models problem A woman bails out of an airplane at an altitude of 10,000fts, falls freely for 20s, then open her parachute. How long will it take her to reach the ground? Assume linear air resistance pv ft/s^2, taking p = 0.15 without the parachute and p = 1.5 with the parachute. My solution so far: I recognize that Acceleration = gravity - resistance x velocity, since Velocity' = Acceleration, we have v' = g - pv or dv/dt = 32.2ft - 0.15v by separation of variables, I obtain V(t), integrating that, I get X(t), the position function. But in the end, I cannot solve for t in the X(t), since one t is by itself, while I have two ts in the e^. Any help? A woman bails out of an airplane at an altitude of 10,000fts, falls freely for 20s, then open her parachute. How long will it take her to reach the ground? Assume linear air resistance pv ft/s^2, taking p = 0.15 without the parachute and p = 1.5 with the parachute. My solution so far: I recognize that Acceleration = gravity - resistance x velocity, since Velocity' = Acceleration, we have v' = g - pv or dv/dt = 32.2ft - 0.15v by separation of variables, I obtain V(t), integrating that, I get X(t), the position function. But in the end, I cannot solve for t in the X(t), since one t is by itself, while I have two ts in the e^. Any help? That's correct. You have a displacement function of the form $x(t) = at + be^{-ct}$ (a, b, and c, are just constants. a is not meant to represent acceleration.) Probably the best way to solve this is by a "successive guess" technique: see if you can find a t such that x = 10000 ft. -Dan

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http://export.arxiv.org/abs/1907.06531?context=cond-mat.supr-con

### Current browse context: cond-mat.supr-con (what is this?) # Title: Neutron powder diffraction study on the non-superconducting phases of ThFeAsN$_{1-x}$O$_x$ ($x=0.15, 0.6$) iron pnictide Abstract: We use neutron powder diffraction to study on the non-superconducting phases of ThFeAsN$_{1-x}$O$_x$ with $x=0.15, 0.6$. In our previous results on the superconducting phase ThFeAsN with $T_c=$ 30 K, no magnetic transition is observed by cooling down to 6 K, and possible oxygen occupancy at the nitrogen site is shown in the refinement(H. C. Mao \emph{et al.}, EPL, 117, 57005 (2017)). Here, in the oxygen doped system ThFeAsN$_{1-x}$O$_x$, two superconducting region ($0\leqslant x \leqslant 0.1$ and $0.25\leqslant x \leqslant 0.55$) have been identified by transport experiments (B. Z. Li \emph{et al.}, J. Phys.: Condens. Matter 30, 255602 (2018)). However, within the resolution of our neutron powder diffraction experiment, neither the intermediate doping $x=0.15$ nor the heavily overdoped compound $x= 0.6$ shows any magnetic order from 300 K to 4 K. Therefore, while it shares the common phenomenon of two superconducting domes as most of 1111-type iron-based superconductors, the magnetically ordered parent compound may not exist in this nitride family. Comments: 4 pages, 4 figures Subjects: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con); Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci); Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el) Journal reference: CHIN. PHYS. LETT. 36,107403 (2019) DOI: 10.1088/0256-307X/36/10/107403 Cite as: arXiv:1907.06531 [cond-mat.supr-con] (or arXiv:1907.06531v1 [cond-mat.supr-con] for this version) ## Submission history From: Huiqian Luo [view email] [v1] Mon, 15 Jul 2019 14:58:40 GMT (3415kb,D) Link back to: arXiv, form interface, contact.

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http://math.stackexchange.com/questions/591983/showing-that-a-functor-is-not-representable

# Showing that a functor is not representable. Let $Y,Z$ be sets. We define a functor $F:Set\rightarrow Set$ in the following manner: $F(X)=Hom(X,Y)\amalg Hom(X,Z)$, $F(f)=Hom(X,f)\amalg Hom(X,f)$. How to prove that $F$ is not representable unless one of $Y,Z$ is empty? Thank you in anticipation. - Probably no-one is responding because it is easy for you all, but a solution will be greatly appreciated, thank you for your time. –  keka Dec 4 '13 at 7:43 Does $\amalg$ mean disjoint union? And what is $X$ in $F(f) = Hom(X, f) \amalg Hom(X, f)$. Should this be $Hom(Y, f) \amalg Hom(Z, f)$? –  Aleš Bizjak Dec 4 '13 at 8:00 Or perhaps even $\mathrm{Hom}(f, Y) \amalg \mathrm{Hom}(f, Z)$? –  Zhen Lin Dec 4 '13 at 8:16 ## 1 Answer If $F = \hom(-,Y) \sqcup \hom(-,Z) \cong \hom(-,S)$ for some set $S$, then by plugging in $1$ (the set with one element) we get $Y \sqcup Z = S$. It follows that the natural map $\hom(-,Y) \sqcup \hom(-,Z) \to \hom(-,Y \sqcup Z)$ is an isomorphism. In other words, if $X \to Y \sqcup Z$ is an arbitrary map, then its image lies in $Y$ or in $Z$. Of course this fails when $Y,Z \neq \emptyset$ (consider $X=2$). - Thank you Martin. –  keka Dec 4 '13 at 15:17

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https://math.stackexchange.com/questions/3173125/what-are-the-integer-coeffcients-of-a-cubic-polynomial-having-two-particular-pro/3183314

# What are the integer coeffcients of a cubic polynomial having two particular properties? Let $$f(x) = x^3 + a x^2 + b x + c$$ and $$g(x) = x^3 + b x^2 + c x + a\,$$ where $$a, b, c$$ are integers and $$c\neq 0\,$$. Suppose that the following conditions hold: 1. $$f(1)=0$$ 2. The roots of $$g(x)$$ are squares of the roots of $$f(x)$$. I'd like to find $$a, b$$ and $$c$$. I tried solving equations made using condition 1. and relation between the roots, but couldn't solve. The equation which I got in $$c$$ is $$c^4 + c^2 +3 c-1=0$$ (edit: eqn is wrong). Also I was able to express $$a$$ and $$b$$ in terms of $$c$$. But the equation isn't solvable by hand. • Welcome to MSE. Click on the "edit" button below your question to add details, like exactly what equation you derived from conditions 1 and 2, and how you attempted to solve them; then you'll be more likely to get help that's well-targeted. Simple "do my homework for me questions" don't get nearly as much traction here as ones that show you've done some work yourself (and therefore don't waste our time giving detailed answers when it's a simple matter of a missing minus-sign, for instance). – John Hughes Apr 3 at 11:32 • Which equations could you write down? – Math-fun Apr 3 at 11:35 • Also: I've edited to clean up the MathJax: in general, go ahead and put anything math-like between dollar signs. Rather than things like $a$ = $b$x + $c$ which produces $a$ = $b$x + $c$ let MathJax do its magic at formatting equations: $a = bx + c$ will produce $a = bx + c$. – John Hughes Apr 3 at 11:35 • Edited with Eq. – Meet Shah Apr 3 at 11:36 • I don't understand how you got that equation in $c$. And if you were "able to express $a$ and $b$ in terms of $c$," why not tell us what the expression was? Go ahead and type a little more, so that we understand what you know/don't know and what you can and cannot do. – John Hughes Apr 3 at 11:44 Let $$u$$, $$v$$ and $$w$$ be the roots of $$f$$, so that $$u^2$$, $$v^2$$ and $$w^2$$ are the roots of $$g$$. Then comparing the coefficients of $$(x-u)(x-v)(x-w)=f(x)=x^3+ax^2+bx+c,$$ $$(x-u^2)(x-v^2)(x-w^2)=g(x)=x^3+bx^2+cx+a,$$ yields the equations $$\begin{eqnarray*} a&=&-u-v-w&=&-u^2v^2w^2,\\ b&=&uv+uw+vw&=&-u^2-v^2-w^2,\\ c&=&-uvw&=&u^2v^2+u^2w^2+v^2w^2. \end{eqnarray*}$$ This immediately shows that $$a=-c^2$$, and the identities $$\begin{eqnarray*} u^2+v^2+w^2&=&(u+v+w)^2-2(uv+uw+vw),\\ u^2v^2+u^2w^2+v^2w^2&=&uvw(u+v+w)-(uv+uw+vw)^2, \end{eqnarray*}$$ show that $$-b=a^2-2b$$ and $$c=ac-b^2$$, respectively, hence $$b=a^2=c^4$$ and so $$f(x)=x^3-c^2x^2+c^4x+c,$$ for some $$c$$. Then $$f(1)=1$$ implies that $$c^4-c^2+c+1=0,$$ which has the clear root $$c=-1$$. Then $$a=-1$$ and $$b=1$$. Hint: Condition 2 can be expressed as $$f(x)$$ divides $$g(x^2)$$. The conditions 1 and 2 imply that • $$\;c\,$$ must be $$\,0\,$$ or $$\,-1$$, • $$\;a= -c^2$$, and $$\:b= c^2-c-1\,$$. Condition 1 gives $$0=f(1)=1+a+b+c=g(1)\,.\,$$ Hence both $$f$$ and $$g$$ have a zero at $$1$$ and factor as $$f(x) \,=\, (x-1)\big(x^2 + (a+1)x -c\big)\\[1.5ex] g(x) \,=\, (x-1)\big(x^2 -(a+c)x -a\big)\,.$$ Denote the roots of the quadratic factor of $$f$$ by $$x_1$$ and $$x_2$$. Condition 2 says that the roots of $$g$$ are contained in $$\{1,x_1^2,x_2^2\}$$. By Vieta's formula one gets $$\,-a \,=\, x_1^2x_2^2=(-c)^2 \,=\, c^2\,,\;\text{thus}\;\; b \,=\, -a-c-1 \,=\, c^2-c-1\,.\tag{1}$$ Note that condition 2 remains true when restricted to the quadratic factors of $$f$$ and $$\,g$$. These are $$q_f \,=\,x^2 + \left(1-c^2\right)x -c\tag{2}\\ q_g \,=\,x^2 -c\,(1-c)x +c^2$$ when written in terms of $$\,c$$. It is shown next that condition 2 cannot hold if $$c\neq 0\,$$ or $$\,-1$$. 1. Assume $$c\geqslant 1$$. Then $$q_f(0)=-c<0$$, and the roots $$x_1,x_2$$ of $$q_f$$ are real and distinct. By Vieta's formula regarding $$q_g$$ one reaches the contradiction $$0. 2. Assume $$c\leq -2\,$$. Then the discriminant $$\left(1-c^2\right)^2+4c$$ in $$(2)$$ is positive, and we run into the same contradiction as before. So we are left with the two solutions (with condition 2 obviously satisfied) • $$a=0,b=-1,c=0\:$$ which was ruled out a priori then $$f(x)=x(x+1)(x-1)\:$$ and $$\:g(x)=x^2(x-1)$$ • $$a=-1,b=1,c=-1\:$$ where $$f(x)=\left(x^2+1\right)(x-1)\:$$ and $$\:g(x)=(x+1)^2(x-1)$$

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http://mathematica.stackexchange.com/questions/49298/solving-for-the-time-evolution-operator-in-a-periodically-driven-system

# Solving for the time-evolution operator in a periodically driven system I am looking at the Hamiltonian $$H(t)=\begin{pmatrix} 0 & e^{i\Omega t}\\ e^{-i\Omega t}& 0\end{pmatrix}$$ I am trying to solve for the unitary operator $U(t,0)=\mathcal{T}\exp(-i\int_0^t dt'\, H(t'))$, where I have transformed this into $$U(t,0)\approx\prod_{n=0}^{N}\exp\left( -iH(ndt)dt \right)$$ To calculate it with Mathematica, I then implemented a similar code to the one found here: Solving a time-dependent Schroedinger equation. I changed it a little, so that my code reads U[H_, ti_, tf_, n_] := Module[{dt = N[(tf - ti)/n], Value = ({{1, 0},{0, 1}})}, Do[Value = Dot[MatrixExp[-I*H[t]*dt], Value], {t, ti, tf, dt}]; Value] I then evaluated U[λ/2 {{0, Exp[I Ω t]}, {Exp[-I Ω t], 0}}, 0, 20, 100] However, this just gives me a long product of matrix exponentials: MatrixExp[(0. - 0.2 I) {{0, 1/2 E^((0. + 20. I) Ω) λ}, {1/2 E^((0. - 20. I) Ω) λ, 0}}[20.]]. MatrixExp[(0. - 0.2 I) {{0, 1/2 E^((0. + 19.8 I) Ω) λ}, {1/2 E^((0. - 19.8 I) Ω) λ, 0}}[19.8]] ... I really want to write it in the form $$H(t)=P(t)e^{-iH_Ft}$$ where the function $P(t)$ has a period of $T=2pi/\Omega$. This way, I can simply take $t=T$ and take a matrix log and get $H_F$. How can I get my product in this form and thus find the value of $H_F$? Am I doing something wrong with the code, or am I just missing a step? - Not knowing exactly what you want to do with the time evolution operator, I will simply give my version of how to obtain it in matrix form without using the manual discretization procedure you attempted, because I see no reason for it. I'm using NIntegrate so the complete code is much shorter and faster: Omega = 2 Pi; hamiltonian = {{0, Exp[I Omega*t]}, {Exp[-I Omega*t], 0}}; Manipulate[ Module[{ψ}, Row[{"U(", tMax, ") = ", MatrixForm@Chop@Transpose@Through[ (ψ /. Table[ First@NDSolve[{I D[ψ[t], t] == hamiltonian.ψ[t], ψ[0] == ψinit}, ψ, {t, 0,tMax}], {ψinit, IdentityMatrix[2]} ])[tMax]]}]], {{tMax, 1, "Time"}, 0., 20}] This shows the matrix for $U(t,0)$ in the canonical basis, given by IdentityMatrix[2]. To get this matrix, NDSolve is applied twice: once for each unit vector. To display it, I vary the end time tMax in a Manipulate, and wrap the result in MatrixForm. Instead of the latter, you can now add further manipulations, such as getting the eigenvalues etc. Edit I think what you really want is the Floquet matrix $U_F$, given by the time evolution operator at $t=T$, whose powers $U_F^n$ give you the time evolution operator $U(n T)$. Here is a way to get that matrix for a particular choice of driving frequency Omega: Omega = 2 Pi; tMax = 2 Pi/Omega; Clear[t, ψ]; hamiltonian = {{0, Exp[I Omega*t]}, {Exp[-I Omega*t], 0}}; UF = Transpose[(ψ[t] /. Table[First@ NDSolve[{I D[ψ[t], t] == hamiltonian.ψ[t], ψ[0] == ψinit}, ψ[ t], {t, 0, tMax}], {ψinit, IdentityMatrix[2]}]) /. t -> tMax] (* ==> {{0.987963 - 0.147405 I, 2.67424*10^-9 - 0.0469203 I}, {-2.67424*10^-9 - 0.0469203 I, 0.987963 + 0.147405 I}} *) -

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https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dot_product

Dot product In mathematics, the dot product or scalar product[note 1] is an algebraic operation that takes two equal-length sequences of numbers (usually coordinate vectors) and returns a single number. In Euclidean geometry, the dot product of the Cartesian coordinates of two vectors is widely used and often called "the" inner product (or rarely projection product) of Euclidean space even though it is not the only inner product that can be defined on Euclidean space; see also inner product space. Algebraically, the dot product is the sum of the products of the corresponding entries of the two sequences of numbers. Geometrically, it is the product of the Euclidean magnitudes of the two vectors and the cosine of the angle between them. These definitions are equivalent when using Cartesian coordinates. In modern geometry, Euclidean spaces are often defined by using vector spaces. In this case, the dot product is used for defining lengths (the length of a vector is the square root of the dot product of the vector by itself) and angles (the cosine of the angle of two vectors is the quotient of their dot product by the product of their lengths). The name "dot product" is derived from the centered dot· " that is often used to designate this operation; the alternative name "scalar product" emphasizes that the result is a scalar, rather than a vector, as is the case for the vector product in three-dimensional space. Definition The dot product may be defined algebraically or geometrically. The geometric definition is based on the notions of angle and distance (magnitude of vectors). The equivalence of these two definitions relies on having a Cartesian coordinate system for Euclidean space. In modern presentations of Euclidean geometry, the points of space are defined in terms of their Cartesian coordinates, and Euclidean space itself is commonly identified with the real coordinate space Rn. In such a presentation, the notions of length and angles are defined by means of the dot product. The length of a vector is defined as the square root of the dot product of the vector by itself, and the cosine of the (non oriented) angle of two vectors of length one is defined as their dot product. So the equivalence of the two definitions of the dot product is a part of the equivalence of the classical and the modern formulations of Euclidean geometry. Algebraic definition The dot product of two vectors a = [a1, a2, …, an] and b = [b1, b2, …, bn] is defined as:[1] ${\displaystyle \mathbf {\color {red}a} \cdot \mathbf {\color {blue}b} =\sum _{i=1}^{n}{\color {red}a}_{i}{\color {blue}b}_{i}={\color {red}a}_{1}{\color {blue}b}_{1}+{\color {red}a}_{2}{\color {blue}b}_{2}+\cdots +{\color {red}a}_{n}{\color {blue}b}_{n}}$ where Σ denotes summation and n is the dimension of the vector space. For instance, in three-dimensional space, the dot product of vectors [1, 3, −5] and [4, −2, −1] is: {\displaystyle {\begin{aligned}\ [{\color {red}1,3,-5}]\cdot [{\color {blue}4,-2,-1}]&=({\color {red}1}\times {\color {blue}4})+({\color {red}3}\times {\color {blue}-2})+({\color {red}-5}\times {\color {blue}-1})\\&=4-6+5\\&=3\end{aligned}}} If vectors are identified with row matrices, the dot product can also be written as a matrix product ${\displaystyle \mathbf {\color {red}a} \cdot \mathbf {\color {blue}b} =\mathbf {\color {red}a} \mathbf {\color {blue}b} ^{\top },}$ where ${\displaystyle \mathbf {\color {blue}b} ^{\top }}$  denotes the transpose of ${\displaystyle \mathbf {\color {blue}b} }$ . Expressing the above example in this way, a 1 × 3 matrix (row vector) is multiplied by a 3 × 1 matrix (column vector) to get a 1 × 1 matrix that is identified with its unique entry: ${\displaystyle {\begin{bmatrix}\color {red}1&\color {red}3&\color {red}-5\end{bmatrix}}{\begin{bmatrix}\color {blue}4\\\color {blue}-2\\\color {blue}-1\end{bmatrix}}=\color {purple}3}$ . Geometric definition Illustration showing how to find the angle between vectors using the dot product In Euclidean space, a Euclidean vector is a geometric object that possesses both a magnitude and a direction. A vector can be pictured as an arrow. Its magnitude is its length, and its direction is the direction that the arrow points to. The magnitude of a vector a is denoted by ${\displaystyle \left\|\mathbf {a} \right\|}$ . The dot product of two Euclidean vectors a and b is defined by[2][3] ${\displaystyle \mathbf {a} \cdot \mathbf {b} =\|\mathbf {a} \|\ \|\mathbf {b} \|\cos(\theta ),}$ where θ is the angle between a and b. In particular, if a and b are orthogonal (the angle between vectors is 90°) then due to ${\displaystyle \cos(90^{\circ })=0}$ ${\displaystyle \mathbf {a} \cdot \mathbf {b} =0.}$ At the other extreme, if they are codirectional, then the angle between them is 0° and ${\displaystyle \mathbf {a} \cdot \mathbf {b} =\left\|\mathbf {a} \right\|\,\left\|\mathbf {b} \right\|}$ This implies that the dot product of a vector a with itself is ${\displaystyle \mathbf {a} \cdot \mathbf {a} =\left\|\mathbf {a} \right\|^{2},}$ which gives ${\displaystyle \left\|\mathbf {a} \right\|={\sqrt {\mathbf {a} \cdot \mathbf {a} }},}$ the formula for the Euclidean length of the vector. Scalar projection and first properties Scalar projection The scalar projection (or scalar component) of a Euclidean vector a in the direction of a Euclidean vector b is given by ${\displaystyle a_{b}=\left\|\mathbf {a} \right\|\cos \theta ,}$ where θ is the angle between a and b. In terms of the geometric definition of the dot product, this can be rewritten ${\displaystyle a_{b}=\mathbf {a} \cdot {\widehat {\mathbf {b} }},}$ where ${\displaystyle {\widehat {\mathbf {b} }}=\mathbf {b} /\left\|\mathbf {b} \right\|}$  is the unit vector in the direction of b. Distributive law for the dot product The dot product is thus characterized geometrically by[4] ${\displaystyle \mathbf {a} \cdot \mathbf {b} =a_{b}\left\|\mathbf {b} \right\|=b_{a}\left\|\mathbf {a} \right\|.}$ The dot product, defined in this manner, is homogeneous under scaling in each variable, meaning that for any scalar α, ${\displaystyle (\alpha \mathbf {a} )\cdot \mathbf {b} =\alpha (\mathbf {a} \cdot \mathbf {b} )=\mathbf {a} \cdot (\alpha \mathbf {b} ).}$ It also satisfies a distributive law, meaning that ${\displaystyle \mathbf {a} \cdot (\mathbf {b} +\mathbf {c} )=\mathbf {a} \cdot \mathbf {b} +\mathbf {a} \cdot \mathbf {c} .}$ These properties may be summarized by saying that the dot product is a bilinear form. Moreover, this bilinear form is positive definite, which means that ${\displaystyle \mathbf {a} \cdot \mathbf {a} }$  is never negative and is zero if and only if ${\displaystyle \mathbf {a} =\mathbf {0} }$ , the zero vector. Equivalence of the definitions If e1, ..., en are the standard basis vectors in Rn, then we may write {\displaystyle {\begin{aligned}\mathbf {a} &=[a_{1},\dots ,a_{n}]=\sum _{i}a_{i}\mathbf {e} _{i}\\\mathbf {b} &=[b_{1},\dots ,b_{n}]=\sum _{i}b_{i}\mathbf {e} _{i}.\end{aligned}}} The vectors ei are an orthonormal basis, which means that they have unit length and are at right angles to each other. Hence since these vectors have unit length ${\displaystyle \mathbf {e} _{i}\cdot \mathbf {e} _{i}=1}$ and since they form right angles with each other, if ij, ${\displaystyle \mathbf {e} _{i}\cdot \mathbf {e} _{j}=0.}$ Thus in general we can say that: ${\displaystyle \mathbf {e} _{i}\cdot \mathbf {e} _{j}=\delta _{ij}.}$ Where δ ij is the Kronecker delta. Also, by the geometric definition, for any vector ei and a vector a, we note ${\displaystyle \mathbf {a} \cdot \mathbf {e} _{i}=\left\|\mathbf {a} \right\|\,\left\|\mathbf {e} _{i}\right\|\cos \theta =\left\|\mathbf {a} \right\|\cos \theta =a_{i},}$ where ai is the component of vector a in the direction of ei. Now applying the distributivity of the geometric version of the dot product gives ${\displaystyle \mathbf {a} \cdot \mathbf {b} =\mathbf {a} \cdot \sum _{i}b_{i}\mathbf {e} _{i}=\sum _{i}b_{i}(\mathbf {a} \cdot \mathbf {e} _{i})=\sum _{i}b_{i}a_{i}=\sum _{i}a_{i}b_{i},}$ which is precisely the algebraic definition of the dot product. So the geometric dot product equals the algebraic dot product. Properties The dot product fulfills the following properties if a, b, and c are real vectors and r is a scalar.[1][2] 1. Commutative: ${\displaystyle \mathbf {a} \cdot \mathbf {b} =\mathbf {b} \cdot \mathbf {a} ,}$ which follows from the definition (θ is the angle between a and b): ${\displaystyle \mathbf {a} \cdot \mathbf {b} =\left\|\mathbf {a} \right\|\left\|\mathbf {b} \right\|\cos \theta =\left\|\mathbf {b} \right\|\left\|\mathbf {a} \right\|\cos \theta =\mathbf {b} \cdot \mathbf {a} .}$ 2. Distributive over vector addition: ${\displaystyle \mathbf {a} \cdot (\mathbf {b} +\mathbf {c} )=\mathbf {a} \cdot \mathbf {b} +\mathbf {a} \cdot \mathbf {c} .}$ 3. Bilinear: ${\displaystyle \mathbf {a} \cdot (r\mathbf {b} +\mathbf {c} )=r(\mathbf {a} \cdot \mathbf {b} )+(\mathbf {a} \cdot \mathbf {c} ).}$ 4. Scalar multiplication: ${\displaystyle (c_{1}\mathbf {a} )\cdot (c_{2}\mathbf {b} )=c_{1}c_{2}(\mathbf {a} \cdot \mathbf {b} ).}$ 5. Not associative because the dot product between a scalar (a ⋅ b) and a vector (c) is not defined, which means that the expressions involved in the associative property, (a ⋅ b) ⋅ c or a ⋅ (b ⋅ c) are both ill-defined.[5] Note however that the previously mentioned scalar multiplication property is sometimes called the "associative law for scalar and dot product"[6] or one can say that "the dot product is associative with respect to scalar multiplication" because c (ab) = (c a) ⋅ b = a ⋅ (c b).[7] 6. Orthogonal: Two non-zero vectors a and b are orthogonal if and only if ab = 0. 7. No cancellation: Unlike multiplication of ordinary numbers, where if ab = ac, then b always equals c unless a is zero, the dot product does not obey the cancellation law: If ab = ac and a0, then we can write: a ⋅ (bc) = 0 by the distributive law; the result above says this just means that a is perpendicular to (bc), which still allows (bc) ≠ 0, and therefore bc. 8. Product Rule: If a and b are functions, then the derivative (denoted by a prime ′) of ab is a′ ⋅ b + ab. Application to the law of cosines Triangle with vector edges a and b, separated by angle θ. Given two vectors a and b separated by angle θ (see image right), they form a triangle with a third side c = ab. The dot product of this with itself is: {\displaystyle {\begin{aligned}\mathbf {\color {gold}c} \cdot \mathbf {\color {gold}c} &=(\mathbf {\color {red}a} -\mathbf {\color {blue}b} )\cdot (\mathbf {\color {red}a} -\mathbf {\color {blue}b} )\\&=\mathbf {\color {red}a} \cdot \mathbf {\color {red}a} -\mathbf {\color {red}a} \cdot \mathbf {\color {blue}b} -\mathbf {\color {blue}b} \cdot \mathbf {\color {red}a} +\mathbf {\color {blue}b} \cdot \mathbf {\color {blue}b} \\&={\color {red}a}^{2}-\mathbf {\color {red}a} \cdot \mathbf {\color {blue}b} -\mathbf {\color {red}a} \cdot \mathbf {\color {blue}b} +{\color {blue}b}^{2}\\&={\color {red}a}^{2}-2\mathbf {\color {red}a} \cdot \mathbf {\color {blue}b} +{\color {blue}b}^{2}\\{\color {gold}c}^{2}&={\color {red}a}^{2}+{\color {blue}b}^{2}-2{\color {red}a}{\color {blue}b}\cos {\color {purple}\theta }\\\end{aligned}}} which is the law of cosines. Triple product There are two ternary operations involving dot product and cross product. The scalar triple product of three vectors is defined as ${\displaystyle \mathbf {a} \cdot (\mathbf {b} \times \mathbf {c} )=\mathbf {b} \cdot (\mathbf {c} \times \mathbf {a} )=\mathbf {c} \cdot (\mathbf {a} \times \mathbf {b} ).}$ Its value is the determinant of the matrix whose columns are the Cartesian coordinates of the three vectors. It is the signed volume of the Parallelepiped defined by the three vectors. The vector triple product is defined by[1][2] ${\displaystyle \mathbf {a} \times (\mathbf {b} \times \mathbf {c} )=\mathbf {b} (\mathbf {a} \cdot \mathbf {c} )-\mathbf {c} (\mathbf {a} \cdot \mathbf {b} ).}$ This identity, also known as Lagrange's formula may be remembered as "BAC minus CAB", keeping in mind which vectors are dotted together. This formula finds application in simplifying vector calculations in physics. Physics In physics, vector magnitude is a scalar in the physical sense, i.e. a physical quantity independent of the coordinate system, expressed as the product of a numerical value and a physical unit, not just a number. The dot product is also a scalar in this sense, given by the formula, independent of the coordinate system. Examples include:[8][9] Generalizations Complex vectors For vectors with complex entries, using the given definition of the dot product would lead to quite different properties. For instance the dot product of a vector with itself would be an arbitrary complex number, and could be zero without the vector being the zero vector (such vectors are called isotropic); this in turn would have consequences for notions like length and angle. Properties such as the positive-definite norm can be salvaged at the cost of giving up the symmetric and bilinear properties of the scalar product, through the alternative definition[10][1] ${\displaystyle \mathbf {a} \cdot \mathbf {b} =\sum {a_{i}{\overline {b_{i}}}},}$ where bi is the complex conjugate of bi. Then the scalar product of any vector with itself is a non-negative real number, and it is nonzero except for the zero vector. However this scalar product is thus sesquilinear rather than bilinear: it is conjugate linear and not linear in a, and the scalar product is not symmetric, since ${\displaystyle \mathbf {a} \cdot \mathbf {b} ={\overline {\mathbf {b} \cdot \mathbf {a} }}.}$ The angle between two complex vectors is then given by ${\displaystyle \cos \theta ={\frac {\operatorname {Re} (\mathbf {a} \cdot \mathbf {b} )}{\left\|\mathbf {a} \right\|\,\left\|\mathbf {b} \right\|}}.}$ This type of scalar product is nevertheless useful, and leads to the notions of Hermitian form and of general inner product spaces. Inner product The inner product generalizes the dot product to abstract vector spaces over a field of scalars, being either the field of real numbers ${\displaystyle \mathbb {R} }$  or the field of complex numbers ${\displaystyle \mathbb {C} }$ . It is usually denoted using angular brackets by ${\displaystyle \left\langle \mathbf {a} \,,\mathbf {b} \right\rangle }$ . The inner product of two vectors over the field of complex numbers is, in general, a complex number, and is sesquilinear instead of bilinear. An inner product space is a normed vector space, and the inner product of a vector with itself is real and positive-definite. Functions The dot product is defined for vectors that have a finite number of entries. Thus these vectors can be regarded as discrete functions: a length-n vector u is, then, a function with domain {k ∈ ℕ ∣ 1 ≤ kn}, and ui is a notation for the image of i by the function/vector u. This notion can be generalized to continuous functions: just as the inner product on vectors uses a sum over corresponding components, the inner product on functions is defined as an integral over some interval axb (also denoted [a, b]):[1] ${\displaystyle \left\langle u,v\right\rangle =\int _{a}^{b}u(x)v(x)dx}$ Generalized further to complex functions ψ(x) and χ(x), by analogy with the complex inner product above, gives[1] ${\displaystyle \left\langle \psi ,\chi \right\rangle =\int _{a}^{b}\psi (x){\overline {\chi (x)}}dx.}$ Weight function Inner products can have a weight function, i.e. a function which weights each term of the inner product with a value. Explicitly, the inner product of functions ${\displaystyle u(x)}$  and ${\displaystyle v(x)}$  with respect to the weight function ${\displaystyle r(x)>0}$  is ${\displaystyle \left\langle u,v\right\rangle =\int _{a}^{b}r(x)u(x)v(x)dx.}$ Matrices have the Frobenius inner product, which is analogous to the vector inner product. It is defined as the sum of the products of the corresponding components of two matrices A and B having the same size: ${\displaystyle \mathbf {A} :\mathbf {B} =\sum _{i}\sum _{j}A_{ij}{\overline {B_{ij}}}=\mathrm {tr} (\mathbf {B} ^{\mathrm {H} }\mathbf {A} )=\mathrm {tr} (\mathbf {A} \mathbf {B} ^{\mathrm {H} }).}$ ${\displaystyle \mathbf {A} :\mathbf {B} =\sum _{i}\sum _{j}A_{ij}B_{ij}=\mathrm {tr} (\mathbf {B} ^{\mathrm {T} }\mathbf {A} )=\mathrm {tr} (\mathbf {A} \mathbf {B} ^{\mathrm {T} })=\mathrm {tr} (\mathbf {A} ^{\mathrm {T} }\mathbf {B} )=\mathrm {tr} (\mathbf {B} \mathbf {A} ^{\mathrm {T} }).}$  (For real matrices) Dyadics have a dot product and "double" dot product defined on them, see Dyadics (Product of dyadic and dyadic) for their definitions. Tensors The inner product between a tensor of order n and a tensor of order m is a tensor of order n + m − 2, see tensor contraction for details. Computation Algorithms The straightforward algorithm for calculating a floating-point dot product of vectors can suffer from catastrophic cancellation. To avoid this, approaches such as the Kahan summation algorithm are used. Libraries A dot product function is included in BLAS level 1. Notes 1. ^ The term scalar product is often also used more generally to mean a symmetric bilinear form, for example for a pseudo-Euclidean space.[citation needed] References 1. S. Lipschutz; M. Lipson (2009). Linear Algebra (Schaum’s Outlines) (4th ed.). McGraw Hill. ISBN 978-0-07-154352-1. 2. ^ a b c M.R. Spiegel; S. Lipschutz; D. Spellman (2009). Vector Analysis (Schaum’s Outlines) (2nd ed.). McGraw Hill. ISBN 978-0-07-161545-7. 3. ^ A I Borisenko; I E Taparov (1968). Vector and tensor analysis with applications. Translated by Richard Silverman. Dover. p. 14. 4. ^ Arfken, G. B.; Weber, H. J. (2000). Mathematical Methods for Physicists (5th ed.). Boston, MA: Academic Press. pp. 14–15. ISBN 978-0-12-059825-0.. 5. ^ Weisstein, Eric W. "Dot Product." From MathWorld--A Wolfram Web Resource. http://mathworld.wolfram.com/DotProduct.html 6. ^ T. Banchoff; J. Wermer (1983). Linear Algebra Through Geometry. Springer Science & Business Media. p. 12. ISBN 978-1-4684-0161-5. 7. ^ A. Bedford; Wallace L. Fowler (2008). Engineering Mechanics: Statics (5th ed.). Prentice Hall. p. 60. ISBN 978-0-13-612915-8. 8. ^ K.F. Riley; M.P. Hobson; S.J. Bence (2010). Mathematical methods for physics and engineering (3rd ed.). Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-86153-3. 9. ^ M. Mansfield; C. O’Sullivan (2011). Understanding Physics (4th ed.). John Wiley & Sons. ISBN 978-0-47-0746370. 10. ^ Berberian, Sterling K. (2014) [1992], Linear Algebra, Dover, p. 287, ISBN 978-0-486-78055-9

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http://tex.stackexchange.com/questions/48260/xparse-bug-in-optional-arguments-simply-not-working

# xparse bug in optional arguments (simply not working)? [closed] The follow code returns -NoValue- instead of 3 It seems I'm wrong in that I thought xparse took a single argument and parsed it instead of all the arguments of a macro. \documentclass[11pt]{book} % use larger type; default would be 10pt \usepackage{pgffor} \usepackage{xparse} \begin{document} \DeclareDocumentCommand{\Dotparse}{o m} { #1 } % Passes each value in the array to an xparse command. \def\Dots#1 { \foreach \n in {#1}{ \Dotparse{\n} }} \Dots{[3]f4s3,f12s5,s2f14,[5]e,f,g,1,2,3,4,5,6,7} \end{document} - Actually, \Dotparse[3]{f4s3} prints 3. \Dotparse{[3]f4s3} has no optional argument. :) –  Paulo Cereda Mar 16 '12 at 13:24 Ok, That makes sense... I simplified this example and didn't think about it. I'll post the full code. Actually, I had a misconception about xparse. I thought it took an argument and parsed it given the specification. –  Uiy Mar 16 '12 at 13:29 add comment ## closed as too localized by egreg, Paulo Cereda, Yiannis Lazarides, Thorsten, lockstepMar 17 '12 at 15:48 This question is unlikely to help any future visitors; it is only relevant to a small geographic area, a specific moment in time, or an extraordinarily narrow situation that is not generally applicable to the worldwide audience of the internet. For help making this question more broadly applicable, visit the help center.If this question can be reworded to fit the rules in the help center, please edit the question. ## 1 Answer First of all this is no bug. You defined a command \Dotparse with one mandatory and one optional argument. The mandatory argument is braced by curly brackets {....} and the optional one by square brackets [...]. If you type \Dotparse{[3]f4s3} LaTeX reads only one mandatory argument because the outer brackets are {...}. So the correct form is \Dotparse[3]{f4s3} to set the optional and the mandatory argument. The output -NoValue is a special key provided by xparse. xparse provides several optional argument types whereby o has the following meaning: • If no optional argument without square brackets is given the argument is set to \NoValue. • If square brackets are given the argument is set to this value. Note: An empty optional arguments doesn't set \NoValue. Based on this information you can use the conditional \IfNoValueTF to test whether an optional argument is given or not. EDIT I can't understand your question. But your example looks really weird for me. You should tell us what's your intention. You can do the following: 1. Every definition of macros and functions should be done in the header. 2. The variable \n must be expanded before the function \Dotparse works 3. You need not to use extra brackets around the variable n. 4. Use the argument type u which has the following syntax u<token> this argument type reads everything until the given token is found whereby the given token isn't part of the argument. I used the token \nil. The whole example: \documentclass[11pt]{book} % use larger type; default would be 10pt \usepackage{pgffor} \usepackage{xparse} \DeclareDocumentCommand{\Dotparse}{o u \nil } {#1\textbullet } \def\Dots#1 { \foreach \n in {#1}{ \n\qquad \expandafter\Dotparse\n\nil \par }} \begin{document} \Dots{[3]f4s3,f12s5,s2f14,[5]e,f,g,1,2,3,4,5,6,7} \end{document} EDIT 2: @BrunoLeFloch suggested an alternative using \clist_map_inline:Nn. In this way you don't need the package pgffor and you don't regard any expansion. \documentclass{article} \usepackage{xparse} \ExplSyntaxOn \NewDocumentCommand{\Dotparse}{o u \nil } { \IfNoValueTF { #1 } {no~optional~Argument~given} {The~optional~argument~is~#1} \par } \clist_new:N \l_dot_store_clist \NewDocumentCommand{\Dots}{ m } { \clist_set:Nn \l_dot_store_clist { #1 } \clist_map_inline:Nn \l_dot_store_clist { \Dotparse ##1 \nil } } \ExplSyntaxOff \begin{document} \Dots{[3]f4s3,f12s5,s2f14,[5]e,f,g,1,2,3,4,5,6,7} \end{document} - What does \nil do? –  Tobi Mar 16 '12 at 14:43 @Tobi: \nil is a single token and the argument type u reads everything until the given token is found. You can also use \hippopotamus ;-) –  Marco Daniel Mar 16 '12 at 16:19 Instead of \foreach I'd use \SplitList and \tl_map_inline, or directly \clist_map_inline. That avoids loading pgffor. –  Bruno Le Floch Mar 16 '12 at 16:47 @BrunoLeFloch: You mean as an alternativ of the algorithm of the OP. The benefit I can avoid the expandafter ;-) –  Marco Daniel Mar 16 '12 at 16:48 Your answer is very complete. One small improvement is that you don't need to store the clist in a temporary variable: just use \clist_map_inline:nn {#1}{\Dotparse ##1\nil}. As for the choice of syntax of the OP, well, let's simply dub it "non-standard". –  Bruno Le Floch Mar 16 '12 at 19:17 show 4 more comments

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https://math.stackexchange.com/questions/2624032/given-is-a-uniformly-distributed-random-variable-u-in-0-1-and-density-how

# Given is a uniformly distributed random variable $u \in (0,1)$ and density. How can you create a random variable with that density? Assume you have an uniformly distributed random variable $u \in (0,1).$ How can you create a random variable with density $f(x)=\left\{\begin{matrix} \frac{1}{\pi}\frac{1}{1+x^2}\text{ if }x\geq 0\\ \frac{1}{2}e^x \;\;\;\;\text{ else} \end{matrix}\right. \;\;\;\;$ ? We first need to know the (cumulative) distribution function of the density function, so we can continue by inverting that distribution function. The distribution function is $$F(x)=\begin{cases} \frac12e^x & \mbox{if }x < 0 \\ \frac12+\frac1\pi \arctan (x) & \mbox{if } x \ge0 \end{cases}$$ (which is correct because my previous question was about it: Determine the distribution function of this density function). We are looking for its inverse now (I'm not sure if it's correct like that): $$i = \frac{1}{2}e^x \Leftrightarrow 2i = e^x \Leftrightarrow x = \ln(2i)$$ $$i=\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{\pi} \arctan(x) \Leftrightarrow i-\frac{1}{2}= \frac{1}{\pi}\arctan(x) \Leftrightarrow \pi\left(i-\frac{1}{2}\right)=\arctan(x) \Leftrightarrow \\ \Leftrightarrow x = \tan\left(\pi\left(i-\frac{1}{2}\right)\right)$$ Thus the inverse of the distribution function is $$F^{-1}(i)=\begin{cases} \ln(2i) & \mbox{if }i > 0 \\ \tan\left(\pi\left(i-\frac{1}{2}\right)\right) & \mbox{if } i \le0 \end{cases}$$ Assuming this is correct, how would you get the random variable by this? Is it the maximum possible $i$? • what does it mean create? what does the uniform have to to with X? – Hard Core Jan 27 '18 at 21:31 • @HardCore Actually I wasn't sure how to phrase it :p Maybe I should have rather written "simulate a random variable by the given density" or something like that ;) – cnmesr Jan 27 '18 at 21:48 Observe that if $F(x) = y$ then $y \in [0,1]$. Also, in your case, $F(0) = 1/2$. Therefore, $$F^{-1}(y) = \left\{\begin{matrix}\ln(2y) & \text{if 0 \le y \le \frac{1}{2};}\\ \tan\left(\pi\left(y-\frac{1}{2}\right)\right) & \text{if \frac{1}{2} \le y \le 1.}\end{matrix}\right.$$ Now, set $X = F^{-1}(U)$, where $U$ is a uniform random variable that takes on values between $0$ and $1$. It is easy to observe that $$F_X(x) = \Pr(X \le x) = \Pr(F^{-1}(U) \le x) = \Pr(U \le F(x)) = F(x).$$ Here, I have used the fact that $F_U(u) = \Pr(U \le u)= u$ for $u \in [0,1]$. The domain of the inverse is $(0,1)$. The switch between the two pieces of the original CDF is at the $y$ value of $1/2$, so that will be where the switch in the inverse happens. Other than that, your inverse is correct. The point of this is then that if $U$ is $\mathrm{Unif}(0,1)$ distributed then $F^{-1}(U)$ has the distribution of the variable you want. This trick is called the probability integral transformation; it is one of the main ways that random variables are sampled in numerical computation. If you want a practical answer it is very simple. The theoretical framework you want to look at is called inverse transform method, you can google it. Once you have obtained the inverse CDF as you did you would use a software to generate random numbers from a uniform between 0 and 1. The outcome of the simulation is your $i$. You would therefore feed the outcome of the simulation to the $F^{-1}(i)$ and you are done. $F^{-1}(i)$ is your random number simulated from the CDF $F$ (basically is your $x$).

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https://www.physicsforums.com/threads/neutron-stability.168776/

# Neutron Stability 1. May 3, 2007 I have a question about current experimental findings on the status of the neutron N while contained within nuclear radius of a stable atom, say Helium-4. It is well known that the N will undergo beta(-) decay when it is free from a nucleus (takes ~ 14 minutes). But... My question is--do the two N in stable Helium-4 maintain a stable identity with no beta (-) decay or, do they exist as a continuous back-forth transformation of N <----> P mediated by mesons ? Thanks for any help. If you can point me to a peered reviewed citation where this question has been addressed that would be appreciated. 2. May 4, 2007 ### mormonator_rm I would say that virtual pion exchange may account for that. Virtual pi- emission from a neutron would allow the neutron to become a proton, and the absorbing proton could become a neutron, with both of the nucleons remaining in the same spin state, and thus not changing their status with respect to the Pauli exclusion principle. This mechanism would result in the same long-range attractive force experienced by nucleons when pi0 exchange occurs. Anyone else have a comment or correction? 3. May 4, 2007 ### Meir Achuz A neutron in Helium cannot beta decay because any (pppn) state has higher mass than He4. The two n and two p in He are in an isospin eigenstate (I=0). As an easier example in the deuteron, \psi=(pn+np )/sqrt{2}. Thus particle 1 is a mixture of p and n. This need not (although it happens to be) be mediated by pions. It is not "a continuous back-forth transformation of N <----> P". 4. May 5, 2007 Thank you, but I am not sure I made myself clear. So, for your deuteron example, I am not asking if the N and P within deuteron have a continuous back-forth N <-----> P transformation. What I am asking is if the [N] in the deuteron is itself undergoing a transformation independent of the nearby [P]. Thus the picture of interactions would be: { [N] <----> [P] } <-----> [P] If so, then we can say the [N] is "unstable" within a "stable" deuteron. The other option is that the [N] is "stable" within a "stable" deuteron, and the picture of interactions would then be this: [N] <------> [P] Hope this makes sense. 5. May 5, 2007 ### mormonator_rm I had to think about that, but that does make more sense than what I said at first. I'm with you on that one. 6. May 5, 2007 ### mormonator_rm Actually, Meir is right. The reason it is stable is because the binding energy of the nucleus makes it the lightest available nuclear state, and hence a beta decay would cause it to increase in mass rather than decrease. Because these consequenses are incompatible, the helium-4 nucleus is literally forced to remain in its stable state. I believe this is what Meir was getting at. 7. May 5, 2007 Thank you, but in beta (-) decay (decay of N to P) after the transformation we have a decrease in atomic mass (not increase as you say) because the P (1007825.03207 mass units) is lighter mass than the N (1008664.9157 mass units). So, if we "start" the motion with beta (-) decay [ N -----> P], then quickly (say at same speed (17 trillion times/sec) recently documented for transformation of matter & antimatter quarks in Bs-meson--see this link http://www.photonics.com/content/news/2006/April/5/82000.aspx [Broken]) the reverse motion of beta (+) decay [ P ------> N], you see, the net mass must remain constant if we observe at any moment of time. Recall my OP question, I am asking if the 2 neutrons in He-4 can undergo this type of transformation independent of the 2 protons. But as Meir suggests, let us consider the more simple case of deuteron [NP]. Where is the experimental evidence that we do not have the [N] as unstable with quick (say many trillion times/sec) back-forth beta (-) <-----> beta (+) decay while the [P] remains unchanged ? Of course, we really must look to the dynamics at the microscopic level of the quarks. Now the [N] has quark structure (ddu) and the [P] has (uud). So my OP question, now for deuteron [NP] at level of quarks, becomes this question, is it possible that we have this type of transformation within deuteron ?: { (ddu) <-- many trillion times/sec --> (uud)} bonded to {(uud)} ps/ Does anyone know the "speed" of the weak force d ----> u transformation or the reverse u -----> d, is it at speed of light ? I hope I am making myself clear. in edit: Recall that while [P] is very, very stable outside nucleus, inside nucleus the [P] will undergo beta (+) decay--this is the source of the positron in PET scans used in medical research: .....When a nucleus decays by positron emission, a proton in the nucleus converts into a neutron, and a positron and a neutrino are ejected. The neutrino leaves the scene without a trace, while the positron rapidly annihilates with a nearby electron.... see here: http://physicsweb.org/articles/world/15/6/7 Last edited by a moderator: May 2, 2017 Similar Discussions: Neutron Stability

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https://www.physicsforums.com/threads/which-formula-for-energy-and-heat-transfer.680185/

# Which formula for energy and heat transfer? 1. Mar 22, 2013 ### Marshiewoo A perfect gas is compressed in a cylinder reversibly according to the law pV1.3 = C. The initial condition of the gas is 1.05 bar, 0.34 m3 and 17 oC. If the final pressure is 6.32 bar; and given that cv = 0.7175 kJkg-1 and R = 0.287 kJkg-1. Calculate the following. (a) The work transfer to the gas compressed (b) The heat transfer during the compression I would like to ask, what formula can I use to calculate the answers. I have found in my book that the following formula might work, but I am not sure what d is. It is such a frustrating subject so please don't slate me saying I havent tried because I really have I promise. Thanks 2. Mar 22, 2013

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https://projecteuclid.org/euclid.jsl/1183745801

## Journal of Symbolic Logic ### Transfering Saturation, The Finite Cover Property, and Stability #### Abstract $\underline{\text{Saturation is} (\mu, \kappa)-\text{transferable in} T}$ if and only if there is an expansion T$_1$ of T with $\mid T_1 \mid$ = $\mid T \mid$ such that if M is a $\mu$-saturated model of T$_1$ and $\mid M \mid \geq \kappa$ then the reduct M $\mid L(T)$ is $\kappa$-saturated. We characterize theories which are superstable without f.c.p., or without f.c.p. as, respectively those where saturation is ($\aleph_0, \lambda$)- transferable or ($\kappa (T), \lambda$)-transferable for all $\lambda$. Further if for some $\mu \geq \mid T \mid, 2^\mu > \mu^+$, stability is equivalent to for all $\mu \geq \mid T \mid$, saturation is ($\mu, 2^\mu$)- transferable. #### Article information Source J. Symbolic Logic, Volume 64, Issue 2 (1999), 678-684. Dates First available in Project Euclid: 6 July 2007 https://projecteuclid.org/euclid.jsl/1183745801 Mathematical Reviews number (MathSciNet) MR1777778 Zentralblatt MATH identifier 0929.03041 JSTOR

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https://zenodo.org/record/3266908/export/xd

Conference paper Open Access Modelling of Computational Resources for 5G RAN Khatibi, Sina; Shah, Kunjan; Roshdi, Mustafa Dublin Core Export <?xml version='1.0' encoding='utf-8'?> <oai_dc:dc xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:oai_dc="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/ http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc.xsd"> <dc:creator>Khatibi, Sina</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Shah, Kunjan</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Roshdi, Mustafa</dc:creator> <dc:date>2018-08-23</dc:date> <dc:description>The future mobile networks have to be flexible and dynamic to address the exponentially increasing demand with the scarce available radio resources. Hence, 5G systems are going to be virtualised and implemented over cloud data-centres. While elastic computation resource management is a well-studied concept in IT domain, it is a relatively new topic in Telco-cloud environment. Studying the computational complexity of mobile networks is the first step toward enabling elastic and efficient computational resource management in telco environment. This paper presents a brief overview of the latency requirements of Radio Access Networks (RANs) and virtualisation techniques in addition to experimental results for a full virtual physical layer in a container-based virtual environment. The novelty of this paper is presenting a complexity study of virtual RAN through experimental results, in addition to presenting a model for estimating the processing time of each functional block. The measured processing times show that the computational complexity of PHY layer increases as the Modulation and Coding Scheme (MCS) index increases. The processes in uplink such as decoding take almost twice the time comparing to the related functions in the downlink. The proposed model for computational complexity is the missing link for joint radio resource and computational resource management. Using the presented complexity model, one can estimate the computational requirement for provisioning a virtual RAN as well as designing the elastic computational resource management.</dc:description> <dc:description>© 2018 IEEE. Personal use of this material is permitted. Permission from IEEE must be obtained for all other uses, in any current or future media, including reprinting/republishing this material for advertising or promotional purposes, creating new collective works, for resale or redistribution to servers or lists, or reuse of any copyrighted component of this work in other works.</dc:description> <dc:identifier>https://zenodo.org/record/3266908</dc:identifier> <dc:identifier>10.1109/EuCNC.2018.8442563</dc:identifier> <dc:identifier>oai:zenodo.org:3266908</dc:identifier> <dc:relation>info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/EC/H2020/761445/</dc:relation> <dc:rights>info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess</dc:rights> <dc:title>Modelling of Computational Resources for 5G RAN</dc:title> <dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/conferencePaper</dc:type> <dc:type>publication-conferencepaper</dc:type> </oai_dc:dc> 54 58 views

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https://upcommons.upc.edu/handle/2117/93007?show=full

dc.contributor.author Díaz Cort, Josep dc.contributor.author Penrose, Matthew dc.contributor.author Petit Silvestre, Jordi dc.contributor.author Serna Iglesias, María José dc.contributor.other Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya. Departament de Ciències de la Computació dc.date.accessioned 2016-11-07T12:15:33Z dc.date.available 2016-11-07T12:15:33Z dc.date.issued 1999-04 dc.identifier.citation Diaz, J., Penrose, M., Petit, J., Serna, M. "Convergence theorems for some layout measures on random lattice and random geometric graphs". 1999. dc.identifier.uri http://hdl.handle.net/2117/93007 dc.description.abstract This work deals with convergence theorems and bounds on the cost of several layout measures for lattice graphs, random lattice graphs and sparse random geometric graphs. For full square lattices, we give optimal layouts for the problems still open. Our convergence theorems can be viewed as an analogue of the Beardwood, Halton and Hammersley theorem for the Euclidian TSP on random points in the $d$-dimensional cube. As the considered layout measures are non-subadditive, we use percolation theory to obtain our results on random lattices and random geometric graphs. In particular, we deal with the subcritical regimes on these class of graphs. dc.format.extent 17 p. dc.language.iso eng dc.relation.ispartofseries LSI-99-10-R dc.subject Àrees temàtiques de la UPC::Informàtica::Informàtica teòrica dc.subject.other Geometric graphs dc.subject.other Convergence theorems dc.subject.other Lattice graphs dc.subject.other Beardwood, Halton and Hammersley theorem dc.subject.other Subcritical regimes dc.title Convergence theorems for some layout measures on random lattice and random geometric graphs dc.type External research report dc.rights.access Open Access local.identifier.drac 515105 dc.description.version Postprint (published version) local.citation.author Diaz, J.; Penrose, M.; Petit, J.; Serna, M. 

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https://quantumcomputing.stackexchange.com/questions/2381/what-is-a-qubit/2385

# What is a qubit? What is a "qubit"? Google tells me that it's another term for a "quantum bit". What is a "quantum bit" physically? How is it "quantum"? What purpose does it serve in quantum computing? Note: I'd prefer an explanation that is easily understood by laypeople; terms specific to quantum computing should preferably be explained, in relatively simple terms. • To those who wish to answer this question: It would be great if you point out the difference between classical and quantum probabilities in your answers. That is, how is a quantum state like $\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}|0\rangle + \frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}|1\rangle$ different from a coin which when tossed in the air has a $50-50$ chance of turning out to be heads or tails. Why can't we say that a classical coin is a "qubit" or call a set of classical coins a system of qubits? – Sanchayan Dutta Jun 18 '18 at 16:26 • Possible duplicate of What is the difference between a qubit and classical bit? – MEE - Reinstate Monica Jun 19 '18 at 16:16 • When you write "easily understood by laypeople", just how "lay" are we talking? Can one assume they know about Huygen's principle? About complex numbers? About vector spaces? About momentum? About differential equations? About boolean logic? This seems to me a very vague constraint. I expect that there is a set of mathematical prerequisites, without which any description of 'a qubit' would amount to some vaguely technical sounding words which fail to actually convey anything in a convincing way. – Niel de Beaudrap Jun 19 '18 at 17:07 • @Mithrandir: the shortest convincing description of 'a qubit' that I could give to a somewhat mathematically engaged but otherwise typical 15 year old would involve at least a one hour tutorial in physics about the double-slit experiment, the Stern-Gerlach experiment, and/or the Mach-Zehnder experiment. I'd be tempted to introduce vectors at the very least to talk about coordinates on the Bloch sphere. Precisely how I'd go about it would require careful thought and planning, and laying down some physics education to explain what 'quantumness' even consists of. It's no small task IMO. – Niel de Beaudrap Jun 19 '18 at 21:02 This is a good question and in my view gets at the heart of a qubit. Like the comment by @Blue, it's not that it can be an equal superposition as this is the same as a classical probability distribution. It is that it can have negative signs. Take this example. Imagine you have a bit in the $0$ state and represent it as vector $\begin{bmatrix}1 \\0 \end{bmatrix}$ and then you apply a coin flipping operation which can be represented by a stochastic matrix $\begin{bmatrix}0.5 & 0.5 \\0.5 & 0.5 \end{bmatrix}$ this will make a classical mixture $\begin{bmatrix}0.5 \\0.5 \end{bmatrix}$. If you apply this twice it will still be a classical mixture $\begin{bmatrix}0.5 \\0.5 \end{bmatrix}$. Now lets go to the quantum case and start with a qubit in the $0$ state which again is represented by $\begin{bmatrix}1 \\0 \end{bmatrix}$. In quantum, operations are represented by a unitary matrix which has the property $U^\dagger U = I$. The simplest unitary to represent the action of a quantum coin flip is the Hadamard matrix $\begin{bmatrix}\sqrt{0.5} & \sqrt{0.5} \\\sqrt{0.5} & -\sqrt{0.5} \end{bmatrix}$ where the first column is defined so that after one operation it makes the state $|+\rangle =\begin{bmatrix}\sqrt{0.5} \\\sqrt{0.5} \end{bmatrix}$, then the second column must be $\begin{bmatrix}\sqrt{0.5} & a \\\sqrt{0.5} & b \end{bmatrix}$ where $|a|^2 = 1/2$, $|b|^2 = 1/2$ and $ab^* = -1/2$. A solution to this is $a =\sqrt(0.5)$ and $b=-a$. Now lets do the same experiment. Applying it once gives $\begin{bmatrix}\sqrt{0.5} \\\sqrt{0.5} \end{bmatrix}$ and if we measured (in the standard basis) we would get half the time 0 and the other 1 (recall in quantum Born rule is $P(i) = |\langle i|\psi\rangle|^2$ and why we need all the square roots). So it is like the above and has a random outcome. Lets apply it twice. Now we would get $\begin{bmatrix} 0.5+0.5 \\0.5-0.5\end{bmatrix}$. The negative sign cancels the probability of observing the 1 outcome and a physicist we refer to this as interference. It is these negative numbers that we get in quantum states which cannot be explained by probability theory where the vectors must remain positive and real. Extending this to n qubits gives you a theory that has an exponential that we can't find efficient ways to simulate. This is not just my view. I have seen it shown in the talks by Scott Aaronson and I think its best to say quantum is like “Probability theory with Minus Signs” (this is a quote by Scott). I am attaching the slides I like to give for explaining quantum (if it is not standard to have slides in an answer I am happy to write the math out to get across the concepts) • I see in the other question people dont understand what i mean by interference. I'm new to stack exchange but not quantum so how do you want me to fill in more details. Either edit above or post another comment. – Jay Gambetta Jun 24 '18 at 16:34 • ok @blue i just edit above and you can edit how you like. – Jay Gambetta Jun 24 '18 at 18:27 • Thanks for the edit! Can you please mention the source of the slides? – Sanchayan Dutta Jun 24 '18 at 18:32 • How do i do that. The source is me except the one i remade from seeing Scott talk. – Jay Gambetta Jun 24 '18 at 18:34 • @JayGambetta I meant this slide: i.stack.imgur.com/rvoOJ.png in your answer. Can you add the source from where you got it? – Sanchayan Dutta Jun 24 '18 at 18:35 I'll probably be expanding this more (!) and adding pictures and links as I have time, but here's my first shot at this. ## Mostly math-free explanation ### A special coin Let's begin by thinking about normal bits. Imagine this normal bit is a coin, that we can flip to be heads or tails. We'll call heads equivalent to "1" and tails "0". Now imagine instead of just flipping this coin, we can rotate it - 45${}^\circ$ above horizontal, 50$^\circ$ above horizontal, 10$^\circ$ below horizontal, whatever - these are all states. This opens up a huge new possibility of states - I could encode the whole works of Shakespeare into this one coin this way. But what's the catch? No such thing as a free lunch, as the saying goes. When I actually look at the coin, to see what state it's in, it becomes either heads or tails, based on probability - a good way to look at it is if it's closer to heads, it's more likely to become heads when looked at, and vice versa, though there's a chance the close-to-heads coin could become tails when looked at. Further, once I look at this special coin, any information that was in it before can't be accessed again. If I look at my Shakespeare coin, I just get heads or tails, and when I look away, it still is whatever I saw when I looked at it - it doesn't magically revert to Shakespeare coin. I should note here that you might think, as Blue points out in the comments, that Given the huge advancement in modern day technology there's nothing stopping me from monitoring the exact orientation of a coin tossed in air as it falls. I don't necessarily need to "look into it" i.e. stop it and check whether it has fallen as "heads" or "tails". This "monitoring" counts as measurement. There is no way to see the inbetween state of this coin. None, nada, zilch. This is a bit different from a normal coin, isn't it? So encoding all the works of Shakespeare in our coin is theoretically possible but we can never truly access that information, so not very useful. Nice little mathematical curiosity we've got here, but how could we actually do anything with this? ### The problem with classical mechanics Well, let's take a step back a minute here and switch to another tack. If I throw a ball to you and you catch it, we can basically model that ball's motion exactly (given all parameters). We can analyze its trajectory with Newton's laws, figure out its movement through the air using fluid mechanics (unless there's turbulence), and so forth. So let's set us up a little experiment. I've got a wall with two slits in it and another wall behind that wall. I set up one of those tennis-ball-thrower things in the front and let it start throwing tennis balls. In the meantime, I'm at the back wall marking where all our tennis balls end up. When I mark this, there are clear "humps" in the data right behind the two slits, as you might expect. Now, I switch our tennis-ball-thrower to something that shoots out really tiny particles. Maybe I've got a laser and we're looking where the photons look up. Maybe I've got an electron gun. Whatever, we're looking at where these sub-atomic particles end up again. This time, we don't get the two humps, we get an interference pattern. Does that look familiar to you at all? Imagine you drop two pebbles in a pond right next to each other. Look familiar now? The ripples in a pond interfere with each other. There are spots where they cancel out and spots where they swell bigger, making beautiful patterns. Now, we're seeing an interference pattern shooting particles. These particles must have wave-like behavior. So maybe we were wrong all along. (This is called the double slit experiment.)Sorry, electrons are waves, not particles. Except...they're particles too. When you look at cathode rays (streams of electrons in vacuum tubes), the behavior there clearly shows electrons are a particle. To quote wikipedia: Like a wave, cathode rays travel in straight lines, and produce a shadow when obstructed by objects. Ernest Rutherford demonstrated that rays could pass through thin metal foils, behavior expected of a particle. These conflicting properties caused disruptions when trying to classify it as a wave or particle [...] The debate was resolved when an electric field was used to deflect the rays by J. J. Thomson. This was evidence that the beams were composed of particles because scientists knew it was impossible to deflect electromagnetic waves with an electric field. So...they're both. Or rather, they're something completely different. That's one of several puzzles physicists saw at the beginning of the twentieth century. If you want to look at some of the others, look at blackbody radiation or the photoelectric effect. ### What fixed the problem - quantum mechanics These problems lead us to realize that the laws that allow us to calculate the motion of that ball we're tossing back and forth just don't work on a really small scale. So a new set of laws were developed. These laws were called quantum mechanics after one of the major ideas behind them - the existence of fundamental packets of energy, called quanta. The idea is that I can't just give you .00000000000000000000000000 plus a bunch more zeroes 1 Joules of energy - there is a minimum possible amount of energy I can give you. It's like, in currency systems, I can give you a dollar or a penny, but (in American money, anyway) I can't give you a "half-penny". Doesn't exist. Energy (and other values) can be like that in certain situations. (Not all situations, and this can occur in classical mechanics sometimes - see also this; thanks to Blue for pointing this out.) So anyway, we got this new set of laws, quantum mechanics. And the development of those laws is complete, though not completely correct (see quantum field theories, quantum gravity) but the history of their development is kind of interesting. There was this guy, Schrodinger, of cat-killing (maybe?) fame, who came up with the wave equation formulation of quantum mechanics. And this was preferred by a lot of physicists preferred this, because it was sort of similar to the classical way of calculating things - integrals and hamiltonians and so forth. Another guy, Heisenberg, came up with another totally different way of calculating the state of a particle quantum-mechanically, which is called matrix mechanics. Yet another guy, Dirac, proved that the matrix mechanical and wave equation formulations were equal. So now, we must switch tacks again - what are matrices, and their friend vectors? ### Vectors and matrices - or, some hopefully painless linear algebra Vectors are, at their simplest, arrows. I mean, they're on a coordinate plane, and they're math-y, but they're arrows. (Or you could take the programmer view and call them lists of numbers.) They're quantities that have a magnitude and a direction. So once we have this idea of vectors...what might we use them for? Well, maybe I have an acceleration. I'm accelerating to the right at 1 m/s$^2$, for example. That could be represented by a vector. How long that arrow is represents how quickly I am accelerating, the arrow would be pointing right along the x-axis, and by convention, the arrow's tail would be situated at the origin. We notate a vector by writing something like [2, 3] which would notate a vector with its tail at the origin and its point at (2, 3). So we have these vectors. What sorts of math can I do with them? How can I manipulate a vector? I can multiply vectors by a normal number, like 3 or 2 (these are called scalars), to stretch it, shrink it (if a fraction), or flip it (if negative). I can add or subtract vectors pretty easily - if I have a vector (2, 3) + (4, 2) that equals (6, 5). There's also stuff called dot products and cross products that we won't get into here - if interested in any of this, look up 3blue1brown's linear algebra series, which is very accessible, actually teaches you how to do it, and is a fabulous way to learn about this stuff. Now let's say I have one coordinate system, that my vector is in, and then I want to move that vector to a new coordinate system. I can use something called a matrix to do that. Basically we can define in our system two vectors, called $\hat{i}$ and $\hat{j}$, read i-hat and j-hat (we're doing all this in two dimensions in the real plane; you can have higher dimension vectors with complex numbers ($\sqrt{-1} = i$) as well but we're ignoring them for simplicity), which are vectors that are one unit in the x direction and one unit in the y direction - that is, (0, 1) and (1, 0). Then we see where i-hat and j-hat end up in our new coordinate system. In the first column of our matrix, we write the new coordinates of i-hat and in the second column the new coordinates of j-hat. We can now multiply this matrix by any vector and get that vector in the new coordinate system. The reason this works is because you can rewrite vectors as what are called linear combinations. This means that we can rewrite say, (2, 3) as 2*(1, 0) + 3*(0, 1) - that is, 2*i-hat + 3*j-hat. When we use a matrix, we're effectively re-multiplying those scalars by the "new" i-hat and j-hat. Again, if interested, see 3blue1brown's videos. These matrices are used a lot in many fields, but this is where the name matrix mechanics comes from. ### Tying it all together Now matrices can represent rotations of the coordinate plain, or stretching or shrinking the coordinate plane or a bunch of other things. But some of this behavior...sounds kind of familiar, doesn't it? Our little special coin sounds kind of like it. We have this rotation idea. What if we represent the horizontal state by i-hat, and the vertical by j-hat, and describe what the rotation of our coin is using linear combinations? That works, and makes our system much easier to describe. So our little coin can be described using linear algebra. What else can be described linear algebra and has weird probabilities and measurement? Quantum mechanics. (In particular, this idea of linear combinations becomes the idea called a superposition, which is where the whole idea, oversimplified to the point it's not really correct, of "two states at the same time" comes from.) So these special coins can be quantum mechanical objects. What sorts of things are quantum mechanical objects? • photons • superconductors • electron energy states in an atom Anything, in other words, that has the discrete energy (quanta) behavior, but also can act like a wave - they can interfere with one another and so forth. So we have these special quantum mechanical coins. What should we call them? They store an information state like bits...but they're quantum. They're qubits. And now what do we do? We manipulate the information stored in them with matrices (ahem, gates). We measure to get results. In short, we compute. Now, we know that we cannot encode infinite amounts of information in a qubit and still access it (see the notes on our "shakespeare coin"), so what then is the advantage of a qubit? It comes in the fact that those extra bits of information can affect all the other qubits (it's that superposition/linear combination idea again), which affects the probability, which then affects your answer - but it's very difficult to use, which is why there are so few quantum algorithms. ### The special coin versus the normal coin - or, what makes a qubit different? So...we have this qubit. But Blue brings up a great point. how is a quantum state like $\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}|0\rangle + \frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}|1\rangle$ different from a coin which when tossed in the air has a 50−50 chance of turning out to be heads or tails. Why can't we say that a classical coin is a "qubit" or call a set of classical coins a system of qubits? There are several differences - the way that measurement works (see the fourth paragraph), this whole superposition idea - but the defining difference (Mithrandir24601 pointed this out in chat, and I agree) is the violation of the Bell inequalities. Let's take another tack. Back when quantum mechanics was being developed, there was a big debate. It started between Einstein and Bohr. When Schrodinger's wave theory was developed, it was clear that quantum mechanics would be a probabilistic theory. Bohr published a paper about this probabilistic worldview, which he concluded saying Here the whole problem of determinism comes up. From the standpoint of our quantum mechanics there is no quantity which in any individual case causally fixes the consequence of the collision; but also experimentally we have so far no reason to believe that there are some inner properties of the atom which conditions a definite outcome for the collision. Ought we to hope later to discover such properties ... and determine them in individual cases? Or ought we to believe that the agreement of theory and experiment—as to the impossibility of prescribing conditions for a causal evolution—is a pre-established harmony founded on the nonexistence of such conditions? I myself am inclined to give up determinism in the world of atoms. But that is a philosophical question for which physical arguments alone are not decisive. The idea of determinism has been around for a while. Perhaps one of the more famous quotes on the subject is from Laplace, who said An intellect which at a certain moment would know all forces that set nature in motion, and all positions of all items of which nature is composed, if this intellect were also vast enough to submit these data to analysis, it would embrace in a single formula the movements of the greatest bodies of the universe and those of the tiniest atom; for such an intellect nothing would be uncertain and the future just like the past would be present before its eyes. The idea of determinism is that if you know all there is to know about a current state, and apply the physical laws we have, you can figure out (effectively) the future. However, quantum mechanics decimates this idea with probability. "I myself am inclined to give up determinism in the world of atoms." This is a huge deal! Albert Einstein's famous response: Quantum mechanics is very worthy of regard. But an inner voice tells me that this is not yet the right track. The theory yields much, but it hardly brings us closer to the Old One's secrets. I, in any case, am convinced that He does not play dice. (Bohr's response was apparently "Stop telling God what to do", but anyway.) For a while, there was debate. Hidden variable theories came up, where it wasn't just probability - there was a way the particle "knew" what it was going to be when measured; it wasn't all up to chance. And then, there was the Bell inequality. To quote Wikipedia, In its simplest form, Bell's theorem states No physical theory of local hidden variables can ever reproduce all of the predictions of quantum mechanics. And it provided a way to experimentally check this. It's true - it is pure probability. This is no classical behavior. It is all chance, chance that affects other chances through superposition, and then "collapses" to a single state upon measurement (if you follow the Copenhagen interpretation). So to summarize: firstly, measurement is fundamentally different in quantum mechanics, and secondly, that quantum mechanics is not deterministic. Both of these points mean that any quantum system, including a qubit, is going to be fundamentally different from any classical system. ## A small disclaimer As xkcd wisely points out, any analogy is an approximation. This answer isn't formal at all, and there's a heck of a lot more to this stuff. I'm hoping to add to this answer with a slightly more formal (though still not completely formal) description, but please keep this in mind. ## Resources • Nielsen and Chuang, Quantum Computing and Quantum Information. The bible of quantum computing. • 3blue1brown's linear algebra and calculus courses are great for the math. • Michael Nielsen (yeah, the guy who coauthored the textbook above) has a video series called Quantum Computing for the Determined. 10/10 would recommend. • quirk is a great little simulator of a quantum computer that you can play around with. • I wrote some blog posts on this subject a while back (if you don't mind reading my writing, which isn't very good) that can be found here which attempts to start from the basics and work on up. • Really great answer! – meowzz Jun 20 '18 at 1:24 What is a "quantum bit" physically? How is it "quantum"? First let me give examples of classical bits: • In a CPU: low voltage = 0, high voltage = 1 • In a hard drive: North magnet = 0, South magnet = 1 • In a barcode on your library card: Thin bar = 0, Thick bar = 1 • In a DVD: Absence of a deep microscopic pit on the disk = 0, Presence = 1 In every case you can have something in between: • If "low voltage" is 0 mV, and "high voltage" is 1 mV, you can have a medium voltage of 0.5 mV • You can have a magnet polarized in any direction, such as North-West • You can have lines in a barcode that are of any width • You can have pits of various depths on the surface of a DVD In quantum mechanics things can only exist in "packages" called "quanta". The singular of "quanta" is "quantum". This means for the barcode example, if the thin line was one "quantum", the thick line can be two times the size of the thin line (two quanta), but it cannot be 1.5 times the thickness of the thin line. If you look at your library card you will notice that you can draw lines that are of thickness 1.5 times the size of the thin lines if you want to, which is one reason why barcode bits are not qubits. There do exist some things in which the laws of quantum mechanics do not permit anything between the 0 and the 1, some examples are below: • spin of an electron: It's either up (0) or down (1), but cannot be in between. • energy level of an electron: 1st level is 0, 2nd level is 1, there is no such thing as 1.5th level I have given you two examples of what a qubit can be physically: spin of an electron, or energy level of an electron. What purpose does it serve in quantum computing? The reason why the qubit examples I gave come in quanta are because they exist as solutions to something called the Schrödinger Equation. Two solutions to the Schrödinger equation (the 0 solution, and the 1 solution) can exist at the same time. So we can have 0 and 1 at the same time. If we have two qubits, each can be in 0 and 1 at the same time, so collectively we can have 00, 01, 10, and 11 (4 states) at the same time. If we have 3 qubits, each of them can be in 0 and 1 at the same time, so we can have 000, 001, 010, 011, 100, 101, 110, 111 (8 states) at the same time. Notice that for $n$ qubits we can have $2^n$ states at the same time. That is one of the reasons why quantum computers are more powerful than classical computers. A qubit is a two-dimensional quantum system, and the quantum generalization of a bit. Like bits, qubits can be in the states 0 and 1. In quantum notation, we write these as $|0\rangle$ and $|1\rangle$. They can also be in superposition states such as $$|\psi_0 \rangle = \alpha |0\rangle + \beta |1\rangle$$ Here $\alpha$ and $\beta$ are complex numbers in general. But for this answer, I'll just assume they are normal real numbers. The name I've given this state, $|\psi_0 \rangle$, is just for convenience. It has no deeper meaning. Extracting an output from a qubit is done by a process known as measurement. The most common measurement is what we call the $Z$ measurement. This means just asking the qubit whether it is 0 or 1. If it is in a superposition state, such as the one above, the output will be random. You'll get 0 with probability $\alpha^2$ and 1 with probability $\alpha^2$ (so clearly these numbers need to satisfy ($\alpha^2+\beta^2=1$). This might make it seem that superpositions are just random number generators, but that isn't the case. For every $\alpha |0\rangle + \beta |1\rangle$ , we can construct the following state $$|\psi_1 \rangle = \beta |0\rangle - \alpha |1\rangle$$ This is as different to $|\psi_0\rangle$ as $|0\rangle$ is to $|1\rangle$. We call it a state that is orthogonal to $|\psi_0\rangle$. With this we can define an alternative measurement that looks at whether our qubit is $|\psi_0\rangle$ or $|\psi_1\rangle$. For this measurement, it is the $|\psi_0\rangle$ and $|\psi_1\rangle$ states that give us definite answers. For other states, such as $|0\rangle$ and $|1\rangle$, we'd get random outputs. This is because they can be thought of as superpositions of $|\psi_0\rangle$ and $|\psi_1\rangle$. So, trying to summarize a little, qubits are objects that we can use to store a bit. We usually do this in the states $|0\rangle$ and $|1 \rangle$, but in fact, we could choose to do it in any of the infinite possible pairs of orthogonal states. If we want to get the bit out again with certainty, we have to measure according to the encoding we used. Otherwise, there will always be a degree of randomness. For more detail on all this, you can check out a blog post I once wrote. To start getting interesting things happing, we need more than one qubit. Since $n$ bits can be made into $2^n$ different bit strings, there is an exponentially large number of orthogonal states that can be included in our superpositions of $n$ qubits. This is the space in which we can do all the tricks of quantum computation. But as for how that works, I'll have to refer you to the rest of the questions and answers in this Stack Exchange. A qubit (quantum bit) is a quantum system that can be fully described by ("lives in") a 2-dimensional complex vector space. However, much more than that is required to do computations. There needs to exist two orthogonal basis vectors in that vector space, call them $|0\rangle$ and $|1\rangle$, that are stable in the sense that you can set the system very precisely to $|0\rangle$ or to $|1\rangle$, and it will stay there for a long time. This is easier said than done because unless noise is reduced somehow, it will cause the state to drift gradually so that it contains a component along both the $|0\rangle$ and $|1\rangle$ dimensions. To do computations, you must also be able to induce a "complete" set of operations acting on one or two qubits. When you are not inducing an operation, qubits should not interact with each other. Unless interaction with the environment is suppressed, qubits will interact with each other. A classical bit, by the way, is much simpler than a qubit. It's a system that can be described by a boolean variable All we observe in quantum technologies (photons, atoms, etc) are bits (either a 0 or a 1). At the essence, no one really knows what a quantum bit is. Some people say it's an object that is "both" 0 and 1; others say it's about things to do with parallel universes; but physicists don't know what it is, and have come up with interpretations that are not proven. The reason for this "confusion" is due to two factors: (1) One can get remarkable tasks accomplished which cannot be explained by thinking of the quantum technology in terms of normal bits. So there must be some extra element involved which we label "quantum" bit. But here's the critical piece: this extra "quantum" element cannot be directly detected; all we observe are normal bits when we "look" at the system. (2) One way to "see" this extra "quantum" stuff is through maths. Hence a valid description of a qubit is mathematical, and every translation of that is an interpretation that has not yet been proven. In summary, no one knows what quantum bits are. We know there's something more than bits in quantum technologies, which we label as "quantum" bit. And so far, the only valid (yet unsatisfying) description is mathematical. Hope that helps.

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http://www.mcrl2.org/release/user_manual/tutorial/machine/index.html

A Vending Machine¶ Contribution of this section 1. specifying processes, 2. linearisation, 3. state space exploration, 4. visualisation of state spaces, 5. comparison/reduction using behavioural equivalences, and 6. verification of modal mu-calculus properties. New tools: mcrl22lps, lps2lts, ltsgraph, ltscompare, ltsconvert, lps2pbes, pbes2bool. Our first little step consists of number of variations on the good old vending machine, a user User interacting with a machine Mach. By way of this example we will encounter the basic ingredients of mCRL2. In the first variation of the vending machine, a very primitive machine and user, are specified. Some properties are verified. In the second variation non-determinism is considered and, additionally, some visualization and comparison tools from the toolset are illustrated. The third variation comes closer to a rudimentary prototype specification. First variation¶ After inserting a coin of 10 cents, the user can push the button for an apple. An apple will then be put in the drawer of the machine. See Figure Vending machine 1. Vending machine 1 Vending machine 1 can be specified by the following mCRL2, also included in the file vm01.mcrl2. act ins10, optA, acc10, putA, coin, ready ; proc User = ins10 . optA . User ; Mach = acc10 . putA . Mach ; init allow( comm( { ins10|acc10 -> coin, optA|putA -> ready }, User || Mach ) ) ; The specification is split in three sections: 1. act, a declaration of actions of 6 actions, 2. proc, the definition of 2 processes, and 3. init, the initialization of the system. The process User is recursively defined as doing an ins10 action, followed by an optA action, followed by the process User again. The process Mach is similar, looping on the action acc10 followed by the action putA. Note, only four actions are used in the definition of the processes. In particular, the action coin and ready are not referred to. The initialization of the system has a typical form. A number of parallel processes, in the context of a communication function, with a limited set of actions allowed. So, || is the parallel operator, in this case putting the processes User and Mach in parallel. The communication function is the first argument of the comm operator. Here, we have that synchronization of an ins10 action and an acc10 action yields the action coin, whereas synchronization of optA and putA yields ready. The actions of the system that are allowed, are mentioned in the first argument of the allow operator allow. Thus, for our first system only coin and ready are allowed actions. We compile the specification in the file vm01.mcrl2 to a so-called linear process, saved in the file vm01.lps. This can be achieved by running: $mcrl22lps vm01.mcrl2 vm01.lps on the command line. The linear process is the internal representation format of mCRL2, and is not meant for human inspection. However, from vm01.lps a labeled transition system, LTS for short, can be obtained by running: $ lps2lts vm01.lps vm01.lts which can be viewed by the ltsgraph facility, by typing: $ltsgraph vm01.lts at the prompt. Some manual beautifying yields the picture in Figure LTS of vending machine 1. LTS of vending machine 1 Apparently, starting from state 0 the system shuttles between state 0 and 1 alternating the actions coin and ready. Enforced by the allow operator, unmatched ins10, acc10, optA and putA actions are excluded. The actions synchronize pairwise, ins10 with acc10, optA with putA, to produce coin and ready, respectively. As a first illustration of model checking in mCRL2, we consider some simple properties to be checked against the specification vm01.mcrl2. Given the LTS of the system, the properties obviously hold. 1. % always, eventually a ready is possible (true) [ true* ] < true* . ready > true In this property, [true*] represents all finite sequences of actions starting from the initial state. <true*.ready> expresses the existence of a sequence of actions ending with the action ready. The last occurence of true in this property is a logical formula to be evaluated in the current state. Thus, if the property is satisfied by the system, then after any finite sequence of actions, [true*], the system can continue with some finite sequence of actions ending with ready, <true*.ready>, and reaches a state in which the formula true holds. Since true always holds, this property states that a next ready is always possible. 2. % a ready is always possible (false) [ true* ] < ready > true This property is less liberal than property (a). Here, <ready> true requires a ready action to be possible for the system, after any finite sequence, [true*]. This property does not hold. A ready action is not immediately followed by a ready action again. Also, ready is not possible in the initial state. 3. % after every ready only a coin follows (true) [ true* . ready . !coin ] false This property uses the complement construct. !coin are all actions different from coin. So, any sequence of actions with ready as its one but final action and ending with an action different from coin, leads to a state where false holds. Since no such state exists, there are no path of the form true*.ready.!coin. Thus, after any ready action, any action that follows, if any, will be coin. 4. % any ready is followed by a coin and another ready (true) [ true* . ready . !coin ] false && [ true* . ready . true . !ready ] false This property is a further variation involving conjunction &&. Model checking with mCRL2 is done by constructing a so-called parameterised boolean equation system or PBES from a linear process specification and a modal $$\mu$$-calculus formula. For example, to verify property (a) above, we call the lps2pbes tool. Assuming property (a) to be in file vm01a.mcf, running: $ lps2pbes vm01.lps -f vm01a.mcf vm01a.pbes creates from the system in linear format and the formula in the file vm01.mcrl2 right after the -f switch, a PBES in the file vm01a.pbes. On calling the PBES solver on vm01a.pbes: $pbes2bool vm01a.pbes the mCRL2 tool answers: true So, for vending machine 1 it holds that action ready is always possible in the future. Instead of making separate steps explicity, the verification can also be captured by a single, pipe-line command: $ mcrl22lps vm01.mcrl2 | lps2pbes -f vm01a.mcf | pbes2bool Running the other properties yields the expected results. Properties (c) and (d) do hold, property (b) does not hold, as indicated by the following snippet: $mcrl22lps vm01.mcrl2 | lps2pbes -f vm01b.mcf | pbes2bool false$ mcrl22lps vm01.mcrl2 | lps2pbes -f vm01c.mcf | pbes2bool true $mcrl22lps vm01.mcrl2 | lps2pbes -f vm01d.mcf | pbes2bool true Second variation¶ Next, we add a chocolate bar to the assortment of the vending machine. A chocolate bar costs 20 cents, an apple 10 cents. The machine will now accept coins of 10 and 20 cents. The scenarios allowed are (i) insertion of 10 cent and purchasing an apple, (ii) insertion of 10 cent twice or 20 cent once and purchasing a chocolate bar. Additionally, after insertion of money, the user can push the change button, after which the inserted money is returned. See Figure Vending machine 2. Vending machine 2 Exercise Extend the following mCRL2 specification (vm02-holes.mcrl2) to describe the vending machine sketched above, and save the resulting specification as vm02.mcrl2. The actions that are involved, and a possible specification of the Mach process have been given. The machine is required to perform a prod action for administration purposes. act ins10, ins20, acc10, acc20, coin10, coin20, ret10, ret20 ; optA, optC, chg10, chg20, putA, putC, prod, readyA, readyC, out10, out20 ; proc User = *1* Mach = acc10.( putA.prod + acc10.( putC.prod + ret20 ) + ret10 ).Mach + acc20.( putA.prod.ret10 + putC.prod + ret20 ).Mach ; init *2* ; Linearise your specification using mcrl22lps, saving the LPS as vm02.lps. Solution A sample solution is available in vm02.mcrl2. This can be linearised using: $ mcrl22lps vm02.mcrl2 vm02.lps A visualization of the specified system can be obtained by first converting the linear process into a labeled transition system (in so-called SVC-format) by: $lps2lts vm02.lps vm02.svc and next loading the SVC file vm02.svc into the ltsgraph tool by: $ ltsgraph vm02.svc The LTS can be beautified (a bit) using the start button in the optimization panel of the user interface. Manual manipulation by dragging states is also possible. For small examples, increasing the natural transition length may provide better results. Exercise Prove that your specification satisfies the following properties: 1. no three 10ct coins can be inserted in a row, 2. no chocolate after 10ct only, and 3. an apple only after 10ct, a chocolate after 20ct. Solution Each of the properties can be expressed as a µ-calculus formula. Possible solutions are given as vm02a.mcf, vm02b.mcf, and vm02c.mcf. Each of the properties can be checked using a combination of mcrl22lps, lps2pbes and pbes2bool. The following is a sample script that performs the verification: $mcrl22lps vm02.mcrl2 vm02.lps$ lps2pbes vm02.lps -f vm02a.mcf | pbes2bool true $lps2pbes vm02.lps -f vm02b.mcf | pbes2bool true$ lps2pbes vm02.lps -f vm02c.mcf | pbes2bool true So the conclusion of the verification is that all three properties hold. The file vm02-taus.mcrl2 contains the specification of a system performing coin10 and coin20 actions as well as so-called $$\tau$$-steps. Using the ltscompare tool you can compare your model under branching bisimilarity with the LTS of the system vm02-taus, after hiding the actions readyA, readyC, out10, out20, prod using the following command: $ltscompare -ebranching-bisim --tau=out10,out20,readyA,readyC,prod vm02.svc vm02-taus.svc Note You first need to generate the state space of vm02-taus.mcrl2 using mcrl22lps and lps2lts. Using ltsconvert, the LTS for vm02.mcrl2 can be minimized with respect to branching bisimulation after hiding the readies and returns: $ ltsconvert -ebranching-bisim --tau=out10,out20,readyA,readyC,prod vm02.svc vm02min.svc Exercise Compare the LTSs vm02min.svc and $$vm02-taus.svc$$ visually using ltsgraph. Third variation¶ A basic version of a vending machine with parametrized actions is available in the file vm03-basic.mcrl2. Exercise Modify this specification such that all coins of denomination 50ct, 20ct, 10ct and 5ct can be inserted. The machine accumulates upto a total of 60 cents. If sufficient credit, an apple or chocolate bar is supplied after selection. Money is returned after pressing the change button.

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http://mathhelpforum.com/math-topics/27516-pka-pkb-calculation.html

# Thread: pKa and pKb calculation 1. ## pKa and pKb calculation Hey, anyone know how I would work this out? Calculate the pH of 0.1M dichloroacetic acid, Ka = 3.3 x 10-2. Thanks 2. Originally Posted by Dan167 Hey, anyone know how I would work this out? Calculate the pH of 0.1M dichloroacetic acid, Ka = 3.3 x 10-2. Thanks we are given little to work with here, we have to go the long way around. (unless you are dealing with a buffer and you neglected to mention the molarity of the basic part of the acid). what is the formula for dichloroacetic acid? we have to write an equation for the ionization reaction using it 3. Originally Posted by Jhevon we are given little to work with here, we have to go the long way around. (unless you are dealing with a buffer and you neglected to mention the molarity of the basic part of the acid). what is the formula for dichloroacetic acid? we have to write an equation for the ionization reaction using it Hi, have a look here: Dichloroacetic acid - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia 4. well we have enough information to solve his (providing we make a few assumptions) $Ka = \frac{[H+] \cdot [salt]}{[Acid]}$ if we assume that the solution is not buffered then $[H+] = [Salt] = x$ so then $Ka = \frac{x^2}{[Acid] - x }$ and there you have enough information to solve the equation. 5. Originally Posted by bobak well we have enough information to solve his (providing we make a few assumptions) $Ka = \frac{[H+] \cdot [salt]}{[Acid]}$ if we assume that the solution is not buffered then $[H+] = [Salt] = x$ so then $Ka = \frac{x^2}{[Acid] - x }$ and there you have enough information to solve the equation. indeed. i wanted to write out the ionization reaction just to be sure. it been a while since i did this. we have that $pH = - \log x$ if that is the equation for the Ka. the [Acid] - x seems weird to me, but as i said, it's been a while 6. Originally Posted by Jhevon the equation for the Ka. the [Acid] - x seems weird to me, but as i said, it's been a while well in chemistry class we are usually allowed to assume that the change in concentration of the acid may be neglected as it is so small so most people just leave the denominator as [Acid]. however this assumption is only really valid for very small values in Ka, but chemistry teachers don't really want to waste time teaching students how to solve quadratic equations so they usually make the assumption to allow easier computation of the ph 7. Wow i'm confused ... Thats all that is given I guess we have to make assumptions.... Does anyone mind going through it step by step 8. Originally Posted by Dan167 Wow i'm confused ... Thats all that is given I guess we have to make assumptions.... Does anyone mind going through it step by step we are told [Acid] = 0.1 M. use this to solve for x in the equation (which you should be familiar with) that bobak posted. once you have x, pH = -log(x). that's it 9. Originally Posted by Jhevon we are told [Acid] = 0.1 M. use this to solve for x in the equation (which you should be familiar with) that bobak posted. once you have x, pH = -log(x). that's it Lol i'm not familiar with it ... how do you solve it for x? 10. Originally Posted by Dan167 Lol i'm not familiar with it ... how do you solve it for x? you have $K_a = \frac {x^2}{0.1 - x}$ $\Rightarrow K_a(0.1 - x) = x^2$ $\Rightarrow x^2 - K_a(0.1 - x) = 0$ $\Rightarrow x^2 + K_ax - 0.1K_a = 0$ plug in the value for $K_a$, you will get a quadratic equation. then just use the quadratic formula to solve for $x$ 12. Originally Posted by Dan167 given a quadratic equation (in the variable x) of the form $ax^2 + bx + c = 0$ we can find the solutions to this equation by using the formula $x = \frac {-b \pm \sqrt{b^2 - 4ac}}{2a}$ 13. Originally Posted by Jhevon given a quadratic equation (in the variable x) of the form $ax^2 + bx + c = 0$ we can find the solutions to this equation by using the formula $x = \frac {-b \pm \sqrt{b^2 - 4ac}}{2a}$ Right .... I think i've got it, thanks. 14. Ok nope i'm lost .... 15. Originally Posted by Dan167 Ok nope i'm lost .... ok, how about you post your attempt, so we can see where you're getting stuck and direct you Page 1 of 2 12 Last

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https://tbc-python.fossee.in/convert-notebook/mechanics_of_fluid/Chapter10_1.ipynb

# Chapter10-Flow with free surfaces¶ ## Ex1-pg436¶ In [1]: import math #calculate The depth of the water under the brigde and the depth of water upstream Q=400.; ## m^3/s b2=20.; ## m g=9.81; ## m/s^2 b1=25.; ## m h2=(Q/b2/math.sqrt(g))**(2./3.); ## Since energy is conserved ## h1 + u1^2/2g = h2 +u2^2/2g = h2 + h2/2 = 3h2/2 ## h1 + 1/2*g*(Q/(b1h1))^2 = 3*h2/2; ## h1^3-5.16*h1^2+13.05 = 0; ## By solving this cubic equation h1=4.52; ## m print'%s %.1f %s'%(" The depth of the water under the brigde =",h2,"m") print'%s %.2f %s'%(" the depth of water upstream =",h1,"m") The depth of the water under the brigde = 3.4 m the depth of water upstream = 4.52 m ## Ex2-pg447¶ In [2]: import math #calculate Rate of flow w=0.04; ## thickness of block in m d=0.07; ## depth of liquid in m b=0.4; ## m g=9.81; ## m/s^2 H=d-w; Q=1.705*b*H**(3/2.); u1=Q/d/b; h=u1**2/(2.*g); H1=H+h; Q1=1.705*b*H1**(3/2.); print'%s %.4f %s'%("Rate of flow =",Q1," m^3/s") Rate of flow = 0.0037 m^3/s ## Ex3-pg455¶ In [3]: import math #calculate depth of water at the throat and the new flow rate and the Froude number at the throat and flow rate h1=0.45; ## m g=9.81; ## m/s^2 b1=0.8; ## m h2=0.35; ## m b2=0.3; ## m print("the flow rate") Q=math.sqrt((h1-h2)*2*g/(-(1./(h1*b1)**2)+(1./(h2*b2)**2))); print'%s %.3f %s'%("Flow rate =",Q,"m^3/s") print(" the Froude number at the throat") Fr2=Q/(math.sqrt(g)*b2*h2**(3/2.)); print'%s %.3f %s'%("The Froude number at the throat =",Fr2,"") print("the depth of water at the throat") ## (h1/h2)^(3) + 1/2*(b2/b1)^2 = 3/2*(h1/h2)^2 ## The solution for the above eqn is as follows ## (h1/h2) = 0.5 + cos(2arcsin(b2/b1)/3) ## h1/h2=1.467 h2_new=h1/1.467; print'%s %.3f %s'%("Depth of water at the throat =",h2_new,"m") print("the new flow rate") w=math.sqrt(g)*b2*h2_new**(3/2.); print'%s %.3f %s'%("New flow rate =",Q,"m^3/s") the flow rate Flow rate = 0.154 m^3/s the Froude number at the throat The Froude number at the throat = 0.790 the depth of water at the throat Depth of water at the throat = 0.307 m the new flow rate New flow rate = 0.154 m^3/s ## Ex4-pg460¶ In [4]: import math #calculate depth Q=8.75; ## m^3/s w=5.; ## m n=0.0015; s=1./5000.; ## Q/(w*h0) = u = m^(2/3)*i^(1/2)/n = 1/0.015*(w*h0/(w+2*h0))^(2/3)*sqrt(s); ## Solution by trial gives h0 h0=1.8; ## m q=1.75; g=9.81; hc=(q**2/g)**(1/3); ## critical depth print'%s %.1f %s'%("Depth =",h0,"m") Depth = 1.8 m ## Ex5-pg469¶ In [5]: import math #calculate wave length g=9.81; ## m/s^2 T=5.; ## s h=4.; ## m ## lambda=g*T^2/(2*%pi)*tanh(2*%pi*h/lambda1); ## by trial method , we get lambda1=28.04; D=g*T**2/(2*math.pi)*math.tanh(2*math.pi*h/lambda1); print'%s %.1f %s'%("Wavelength =",D,"m") Wavelength = 27.9 m ## EX6-pg470¶ In [6]: import math #calculate phase velocity and wave length g=9.81; ## m/s^2 T=12; ## s c=g*T/(2*math.pi); D=c*T; print"%s %.1f %s"%("Phase velocity =",c,"m/s") print"%s %.1f %s"%("Wavelength =",D,"m") Phase velocity = 18.7 m/s Wavelength = 224.8 m ## Ex7-pg476¶ In [7]: import math #Estimate the time elapsed since the waves were generated in a storm occurring 800 km out to sea and Estimate the depth at which the waves begin to be significantly influenced by the sea bed as they approach the shore c=18.74; ## m/s lambd=225.; ## m print("Estimate the time elapsed since the waves were generated in a storm occurring 800 km out to sea. ") x=800.*10**3.; ## m cg=c/2.; t=x/cg; print"%s %.1f %s"%("time elapsed =",t/3600.,"hours") print("Estimate the depth at which the waves begin to be significantly influenced by the sea bed as they approach the shore.") h1=lambd/2.; h2=lambd/(2.*math.pi)*math.atanh(0.99); print"%s %.1f %s %.1f %s"%("The answers show that h lies in the range between about",h2,"m , ",h1, "m") Estimate the time elapsed since the waves were generated in a storm occurring 800 km out to sea. time elapsed = 23.7 hours Estimate the depth at which the waves begin to be significantly influenced by the sea bed as they approach the shore. The answers show that h lies in the range between about 94.8 m , 112.5 m

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https://dcl.gatech.edu/category/dcl-seminars/

## Online Optimization and Control using Black-Box Predictions April 19, 2022 11:00 am – 12:00 pm Location: Instructional Center 105 Also live streamed at https://gatech.zoom.us/j/96813456832 Zoom Meeting ID: 968 1345 6832 Professor Caltech ## Abstract Making use of modern black-box AI tools is potentially transformational for online optimization and control. However, such machine-learned algorithms typically do not have formal guarantees on their worst-case performance, stability, or safety. So, while their performance may improve upon traditional approaches in “typical” cases, they may perform arbitrarily worse in scenarios where the training examples are not representative due to, e.g., distribution shift or unrepresentative training data. This represents a significant drawback when considering the use of AI tools for energy systems and autonomous cities, which are safety-critical. A challenging open question is thus: Is it possible to provide guarantees that allow black-box AI tools to be used in safety-critical applications? In this talk, I will introduce recent work that aims to develop algorithms that make use of black-box AI tools to provide good performance in the typical case while integrating the “untrusted advice” from these algorithms into traditional algorithms to ensure formal worst-case guarantees. Specifically, we will discuss the use of black-box untrusted advice in the context of online convex body chasing, online non-convex optimization, and linear quadratic control, identifying both novel algorithms and fundamental limits in each case. ## Biography Adam Wierman is a Professor in the Department of Computing and Mathematical Sciences at Caltech. He received his Ph.D., M.Sc., and B.Sc. in Computer Science from Carnegie Mellon University and has been a faculty at Caltech since 2007. Adam’s research strives to make the networked systems that govern our world sustainable and resilient. He is best known for his work spearheading the design of algorithms for sustainable data centers and his co-authored book on “The Fundamentals of Heavy-tails”. He is a recipient of multiple awards, including the ACM Sigmetrics Rising Star award, the ACM Sigmetrics Test of Time award, the IEEE Communications Society William R. Bennett Prize, multiple teaching awards, and is a co-author of papers that have received “best paper” awards at a wide variety of conferences across computer science, power engineering, and operations research. ## Control and estimation of ensembles via optimal transport: Structured multi-marginal optimal transport and efficient computations April 8, 2022 11:00am – 12:00pm Location: 254 Classroom Skiles Dr. Johan Karlsson Associate Professor Department of Mathematics KTH Royal Institute of Technology ## Abstract The optimal mass transport problem is a classical problem in mathematics, and dates back to 1781 and work by G. Monge where he formulated an optimization problem for minimizing the cost of transporting soil for construction of forts and roads. Historically the optimal mass transport problem has been widely used in economics in, e.g., planning and logistics, and was at the heart of the 1975 Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences. In the last two decades there has been a rapid development of theory and methods for optimal mass transport and the ideas have attracted considerable attention in several economic and engineering fields. These developments have led to a mature framework for optimal mass transport with computationally efficient algorithms that can be used to address problems in the areas of systems, control, and estimation. In this talk, I will give an overview of the optimal mass transport framework and show how it can be applied to solve problems in state estimation and ensemble control. In particular, I will present a version of the optimal transport problem where the cost function is adapted to take into account the dynamics of the underlying systems. Also duality results between control and estimation will be considered together with illustrative examples. The approach is non-parameteric and can be applied to problems ranging from a multi-agent systems to a continuous flow of systems. This problem can also be formulated as a multi-marginal optimal transport problem and we show how several common problems, e.g., barycenter and tracking problems, can be seen as special cases of this. This naturally leads to consider structured optimal transport problems, which both can be used to model a rich set of problems and can be solved efficiently using customized methods inspired by the Sinkhorn iterations. This also connects to the Schrödinger bridge problem and ensemble hidden Markov models. ## Biography Johan Karlsson received an MSc degree in Engineering Physics from KTH in 2003 and a PhD in Optimization and Systems Theory from KTH in 2008. From 2009 to 2011, he was with Sirius International, Stockholm. From 2011 to 2013 he was working as a postdoctoral associate at the Department of Computer and Electrical Engineering, University of Florida. From 2013 he joined the Department of Mathematics, KTH, as an assistant professor and since 2017 he is working as an associate professor. His current research interests include inverse problems, methods for large scale optimization, and model reduction, for applications in remote sensing, signal processing, and control theory. ## Space Debris Propagation, Prediction, and Removal March 11, 2022 11:00am Zoom Meeting: https://gatech.zoom.us/j/92868957681?pwd=c25WbytZSk1pUzMzZVA4MXE3Q0FEUT09 Meeting ID: 928 6895 7681 Passcode: 841672 Dr. Xiaoli Bai Associate Professor Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey ## Abstract Since the launch of the first satellite (Sputnik 1) in 1957, humans have created a lot of objects in orbit around Earth. The estimated number of space objects larger than 10 cm is presently approaching 37,000, 1000000 between 1 and 10cm, and for objects smaller than 1cm the number exceeds 330 million. Both the number of space objects and the number of conflicts between these objects are increasing exponentially. This talk overviews the research we have been pursuing on to address the challenges posed by the growth of space debris. We will first introduce the Modified Chebyshev-Picard Iteration (MCPI) Methods, which are a set of parallel-structured methods for solution of initial value problems and boundary value problems. The MCPI methods have been recommended as the “promising and parallelizable method for orbit propagation” by the National Research Council. The talk will then highlight our recent results to develop a physics-based learning approach to predict space objects’ trajectories with higher accuracy and higher reliability than those of the current methods. Last, we will present our research in autonomous, performance-driven, and online trajectory planning and tracking of space robotics for space debris removal with the goal to solve the problem in real time. ## Biography Dr. Xiaoli Bai is an Associate Professor in the department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering at Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey. She obtained her PhD degree of Aerospace Engineering from Texas A&M University. Her current research interests include astrodynamics and Space Situational Awareness; spacecraft guidance, control, and space robotics; and Unmanned Aerial Vehicle navigation and control. She was an Associate Fellow for the Class of 2021 in the American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics (AIAA), a recipient of the 2019 NASA Early Career Faculty award, The 2016 Air Force Office of Scientific Research Young Investigator Research Program award, Outstanding Young Aerospace Engineer Award from Texas A&M University in 2018, A. Water Tyson Assistant Professor Award from Rutgers in 2018, and Amelia Earhart Fellowship. ## When is altruism good in distributed decision-making? February 25, 2022 11:00am Location: Technology Square Research Building (TSRB) 509 ## Abstract The web of interconnections between today’s technology and society is upending many traditional ways of doing things: the internet of things, bitcoin, the sharing economy, and connected autonomous vehicles are increasingly in the public mind. As such, computer scientists and engineers must be increasingly conscious of the interplay between the technical performance of their systems and the personal objectives of users, customers, and adversaries. I will present our recent work studying the design tradeoffs faced by a planner who wishes to influence and optimize the behavior of a group of self-interested individuals. A key goal is to balance the potential benefits of implementing a given behavior-influencing scheme with its potential costs; we seek to systematically avoid schemes which are likely to create perverse incentives. We will explore these concepts in two contexts: routing of autonomous vehicles in mixed-autonomy transportation networks and decision design for communication-denied distributed multiagent systems. We will ask “when is altruism good?” through the lens of the Price of Anarchy and a new conceptual framework that we term the “Perversity Index,” which captures the potential harm that an incentive scheme may cause. Ultimately, we seek to develop foundations for a theory of robust socially-networked systems which leverages the decision processes of automated components to enhance overall system reliability and performance. ## Biography Philip Brown is an Assistant Professor in the Department of Computer Science at the University of Colorado at Colorado Springs. He received the PhD in Electrical and Computer Engineering from the University of California, Santa Barbara under the supervision of Jason Marden. He received the Master and Bachelor of Science in Electrical Engineering from the University of Colorado at Boulder and Georgia Tech (respectively), between which he developed process control technology for the biofuels industry. Philip is interested in the impact of human social behavior on the performance of large-scale infrastructure and software systems, and studies this by combining concepts from game theory and feedback control of distributed systems. Philip was a finalist for best student paper at IEEE CDC in 2016 and 2017, received the 2018 CCDC Best PhD Thesis award from UCSB, and the Best Paper Award from GameNets 2021. ## Cyberattack Detection through Dynamic Watermarking November, 16, 2021, 11:00 am – 12:00 pm Location: Instructional Center 215 Also live streamed at https://bluejeans.com/297337886/0746 ## Abstract Dynamic watermarking, as an active intrusion detection technique, can potentially detect replay attacks, spoofing attacks, and deception attacks in the feedback channel for control systems. In this talk, we will discuss our recent work on a novel dynamic watermarking algorithm for finite-state finite-action Markov decision processes and present bounds on the mean time between false alarms, and the mean delay between the time an attack occurs and when it is detected. We further compute the sensitivity of the performance of the control system as a function of the watermark. We demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed dynamic watermarking algorithm by detecting a spoofing attack in a sensor network system. ## Biography Abhishek Gupta is an assistant professor at Electrical and Computer Engineering at The Ohio State University. He completed his Ph.D. in Aerospace Engineering (2014), MS in Applied Mathematics (2012), and MS in Aerospace Engineering (2011), all from University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign (UIUC). He completed his undergraduate in Aerospace Engineering from Indian Institute of Technology, Bombay, India (2005-09). His research develops new theory and algorithms for stochastic control problems, games, and optimization problems, with applications to secure cyberphysical systems and develop market mechanisms for deep renewable integration. He is a recipient of Kenneth Lee Herrick Memorial Award at UIUC and Lumley Research Award at OSU. ## Enabling Bipedal Locomotion with Robotic Assistive Devices through Learning and Control October 29, 2021 11:00am-12:30pm Location: Pettit Microelectronics Building, 102A&B Conference Room ## Abstract Lower-body exoskeletons and prostheses have the potential of restoring autonomy to millions of individuals with ambulatory disabilities, and thereby improving quality of life. However, achieving locomotive stability is challenging enough from a robotics and control perspective, let alone addressing the added complexity of satisfying subjective gait preferences of a human user. Thus, the goal of this talk is to discuss how theoretic approaches to bipedal locomotion, based upon nonlinear controllers with formal guarantees of stability, can be coupled with learning to achieve user-preferred stable locomotion. In my talk, I will first discuss the theoretical underpinnings of achieving provably stable locomotion via nonlinear control theory, and apply this methodology to various dynamic robotic platforms experimentally. Then, I explore the unification of preference-based learning with this formal approach to locomotion to explicitly optimize user preference and comfort. Finally, I experimentally demonstrate the combined framework on a full lower-body exoskeleton, with both non-disabled subjects and subjects with complete motor paraplegia. This work, therefore, demonstrates the utility of coupling preference-based learning with control theory in a structured fashion with a view towards practical application. Ultimately, this result provides a formal approach for achieving locomotive autonomy with robotic assistive devices that has the potential to accelerate clinical implementation and enable the use of these devices in everyday life. ## Biography Maegan Tucker is currently a PhD Candidate in the Mechanical and Civil Engineering Department at the California Institute of Technology (Caltech). She received her Bachelor of Science in Mechanical Engineering from Georgia Tech in 2017. Her research is centered around developing systematic methods of achieving stable, robust, and natural bipedal locomotion on lower-body assistive devices, as well as developing human-in-the-loop methods to customize the experimental locomotion based on subjective user feedback. ## Real-time Distributed Decision Making in Networked Systems September 17, 2021 10-11am Na Li Gordon McKay professor Electrical Engineering and Applied Mathematics Harvard University ## Abstract Recent revolutions in sensing, computation, communication, and actuation technologies have been boosting the development and implementation of data-driven decision making, greatly advancing the monitoring and control of complex network systems. In this talk, we will focus on real-time distributed decision-making algorithms for networked systems. The first part will be on the  scalable multiagent reinforcement learning algorithms and the second part will be on the model free control methods for power systems based on continuous time zeroth-order optimization methods. We will show that exploiting network structure or underlying physical dynamics will facilitate the design of scalable real-time learning and control methods. ## Biography Na Li is a Gordon McKay professor in Electrical Engineering and Applied Mathematics at Harvard University.  She received her Bachelor degree in Mathematics from Zhejiang University in 2007 and Ph.D. degree in Control and Dynamical systems from California Institute of Technology in 2013. She was a postdoctoral associate at Massachusetts Institute of Technology 2013-2014.  Her research lies in control, learning, and optimization of networked systems, including theory development, algorithm design, and applications to real-world cyber-physical societal system. She received NSF career award (2016), AFSOR Young Investigator Award (2017), ONR Young Investigator Award(2019),  Donald P. Eckman Award (2019), McDonald Mentoring Award (2020), along with some other awards. ## The Rational Selection of Goal Operations and the Integration of Search Strategies with Goal-Driven Marine Autonomy September 9, 2021 1-2pm in Marcus Nanotechnology room 1117 – 1118 Michael T. Cox Research Professor Department of Computer Science and Engineering Wright State University, Dayton ## Abstract Intelligent physical systems as embodied cognitive systems must perform high-level reasoning while concurrently managing an underlying control architecture. The link between cognition and control must manage the problem of converting continuous values from the real world to symbolic representations (and back). To generate effective behaviors, reasoning must include a capacity to replan, acquire and update new information, detect and respond to anomalies, and perform various operations on system goals. But, these processes are not independent and need further exploration. This paper examines an agent’s choices when multiple goal operations co-occur and interact, and it establishes a method of choosing between them. We demonstrate the benefits and discuss the trade offs involved with this and show positive results in a dynamic marine search task. ## Biography Michael T. Cox is a Research Professor in the Department of Computer Science and Engineering at Wright State University, Dayton and was the founding Director of Autonomy Research at Parallax Advanced Research. Dr. Cox is a former DARPA/I2O program manager and has held senior research positions at Raytheon BBN Technologies, the CMU School of Computer Science, and the University of Maryland Institute for Advanced Computer Studies. He has interests in autonomous systems, mixed-initiative planning, computational metacognition, and case-based reasoning. His research group developed the Metacognitive Integrated Dual-Cycle Architecture (MIDCA) and was instrumental in the development of a high-level approach to autonomy called goal-driven autonomy. He graduated summa cum laude in Computer Science (1986) from Georgia Tech and holds a PhD in Computer Science (1996) from the same. ## Objective Learning for Autonomous Systems April 9, 2021 – 2:00 pm in Bluejeans: https://bluejeans.com/851024140 Shaoshuai Mou Purdue University Abstract Autonomous systems especially those driven under optimal control are usually associated with objective functions to describe their goals/tasks in specific missions. Since they are usually unknown in practice especially for complicated missions, learning such objective functions is significant to autonomous systems especially in their imitation learning and teaming with human. In this talk we will introduce our recent progress in objective learning based on inverse optimal control and inverse optimization, especially their applications in human motion segmentation, learning from sparse demonstrations, and learning with directional corrections. We will also present an end-to-end learning framework based on Pontryagin Principle, feedbacks and optimal control, which is able to treat solving inverse optimization, system identification, and some control/planning tasks as its special modes. Biography Dr. Shaoshuai Mou is an Assistant Professor in the School of Aeronautics and Astronautics at Purdue University. Before joining Purdue, he received a Ph.D. in Electrical Engineering at Yale University in 2014 and worked as a postdoc researcher at MIT for a year after that. His research interests include multi-agent autonomy and learning, distributed algorithms for control and optimization, human-machine teaming, resilience & cybersecurity, and also experimental research involving autonomous air and ground vehicles. Dr. Mou co-direct Purdue’s new Center for Innovation in Control, Optimization and Networks (ICON), which consists of more than 50 faculty and aims to integrate classical theories in control/optimization/networks with recent advance in machine learning/AI/data science to address fundamental challenges in autonomous and connected systems. For more information, please refer to https://engineering.purdue.edu/ICON ## Fastest Identification in Linear Systems March 19, 2021 – 09:00 am Alexandre Proutiere KTH, Stockholm, Sweden Abstract Abstract: We report recent results on two classical inference problems in linear systems. (i) In the first problem, we wish to identify the dynamics of a canonical linear time-invariant systems $x_{t+1}=Ax_t+\eta_{t+1}$ from an observed trajectory. We provide system-specific sample complexity lower bound satisfied by any $(\epsilon, \delta)$-PAC algorithm, i.e., yielding an estimation error less than $\epsilon$ with probability at least $1-\delta$. We further establish that the Ordinary Least Squares estimator achieves this fundamental limit. (ii) In the second inference problem, we aim at identifying the best arm in bandit optimization with linear rewards. We derive instance-specific sample complexity lower bounds for any $\delta$-PAC algorithm, and devise a simple track-and-stop algorithm achieving this lower bound. In both inference problems, the analysis relies on novel concentration results for the spectrum of the covariates matrix. Biography Alexandre Proutiere is professor in the Decision and Control System division at KTH, Stockholm Sweden since 2011. Before joining KTH he was esearcher at Microsoft Research (Cambridge) from 2007 to 2011,research engineer at France Telecom R&D from 2000 to 2006, Invited lecturer and researcher at the computer science department ENS Paris from 2004 to 2006. He received a PhD in Applied Mathematics from Ecole Polytechnique, graduated in Mathematiques from Ecole Normale Superieure. He also received an engineering degree from Telecom Paris, and is an engineer from Corps des Mines. He won the ACM Sigmetrics rising star award in 2009, ACM best papers awards at Sigmetrics 2004 and 2010, and Mobihoc 2009. His research interests are in probability and their applications, and more specifically today in learning in dynamical systems.

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http://lambda-the-ultimate.org/node/4799

## Global State Machines Inadequate (contra Dijkstra and Gurevich et. al.) Global State Machines are an inadequate foundation for computation (contra Dijkstra and Gurevich et. al.) A principle limitation relates to the inability of Global State Machines to represent concurrency. See What is computation? Actor Model versus Turing's Model Global State Machine References Andreas Blass, Yuri Gurevich, Dean Rosenzweig, and Benjamin Rossman (2007a) Interactive small-step algorithms I: Axiomatization Logical Methods in Computer Science. 2007. Andreas Blass, Yuri Gurevich, Dean Rosenzweig, and Benjamin Rossman (2007b) Interactive small-step algorithms II: Abstract state machines and the characterization theorem Logical Methods in Computer Science. 2007. Edsger Dijkstra. A Discipline of Programming Prentice Hall. 1976. Edsger Dijkstra and A.J.M. Gasteren. A Simple Fixpoint Argument Without the Restriction of Continuity Acta Informatica. Vol. 23. 1986. ## Comment viewing options ### Plotkin proof: a global state machine has bounded nondeterminism Plotkin's proof that a global state machine has bounded nondeterminism: Now the set of initial segments of execution sequences of a given nondeterministic program P, starting from a given state, will form a tree. The branching points will correspond to the choice points in the program. Since there are always only finitely many alternatives at each choice point, the branching factor of the tree is always finite. That is, the tree is finitary. Now König's lemma says that if every branch of a finitary tree is finite, then so is the tree itself. In the present case this means that if every execution sequence of P terminates, then there are only finitely many execution sequences. So if an output set of P is infinite, it must contain a nonterminating computation. Consequently, either * The tree has an infinite path. ⇔ The tree is infinite. ⇔ It is possible that P does not halt. If it is possible that P does not halt, then it is possible that that the set of outputs with which P halts is infinite. or * The tree does not have an infinite path. ⇔ The tree is finite. ⇔ P always halts. If P always halts, then the tree is finite and the set of outputs with which P halts is finite. ### What is unbounded What is unbounded non-determinism useful for? I'm not even convinced my languages should be pervasively Turing complete. ### What is the use of not being Turing complete? The only reason to not be Turing-complete I can think of is for theorem provers (which by their nature require total functions), and rejecting Turing-completeness means rejecting a significant set of terminating algorithms without their implementers resorting to dirty hacks like putting decrementing counters in the arguments of recursing functions (and then, if you can put a sufficiently large number in such, such as the largest natural number one can represent reasonably, doesn't that basically defeat the point of not being Turing-complete, as can waiting an unreasonably long but finite period of time (e.g. until the Sun expands and engulfs the Earth) be, from the user's standpoint, functionally equivalent to diverging?) And how can one avoid such hacks resulting in unreasonable waits but by putting an execution time limit on one's computations, but then is going over such a limit not equivalent to diverging anyways? And is not being Turing-complete not enough, as one is still running one's code on a machine with finite virtual memory space, and is not throwing an out-of-memory exception diverging anyways? I.e. rejecting Turing-completeness does not actually make one's functions total. (This might be possible if one uses an execution and memory model sufficiently restrictive that one can statically determine a maximum amount of memory that a program will allocate ahead of time, and thus be able to preallocate all the memory needed such as to be able to limit throwing out-of-memory exceptions to the very beginning of program execution (you would have to pre-zero all this memory too so as to avoid problems with overcommiting, so as to force out-of-memory events to occur immediately). However, this is likely to force one to a model as limiting as, say, the memory model of C without malloc() or C++ without new and with recursion being forbidden.) ### Not Pervasively Turing complete A language that is not 'pervasively' Turing complete might still be Turing complete, just not pervasively so. Maybe Turing completeness arises only from an implicit outer-most loop. Such a scenario, for example, may involve a language that models processes as taking steps: we might ensure that each step completes, so we can progress to the next step. Similarly, if we have UI event handlers or observer-pattern callbacks, we might wish to ensure that those operations terminate. Any algorithm that doesn't fit our 'provably terminating' model can be made incremental: we don't know how many steps it will take, but each step will terminate. This can be advantageous in many ways - e.g. we can show incremental work based on intermediate states, or we can cleanly shut down the sub-process if we decide we don't want it anymore. waiting an unreasonably long but finite period of time (e.g. until the Sun expands and engulfs the Earth) There are more extreme forms of being 'not pervasively Turing complete', e.g. where we might control the amount of (per step) computation relative to some polynomial bound. (I've certainly contemplated tracking big-O in the type system.) And is not being Turing-complete not enough "Not being Turing complete" is not a goal. Rather, it's a consequence of design decisions with which Turing completeness is inconsistent. ### What is the use of being Turing-complete? Well, since (as you say) your implementation cannot be Turing-capable, which would you rather have, arbitrary implementation restrictions or principled ones? (This is not a rhetorical question.) ### Bounded nondeterminism in CSP Hoare was convinced that unbounded nondeterminism could not be implemented and so the semantics of CSP specified bounded nondeterminism. [X :: Z!stop( ) || Y :: guard: boolean; guard := true; *[guard→ Z!go( ); Z?guard] || Z :: n: integer; n:= 0; continue: boolean; continue := true; *[ X?stop( )→ continue := false; Y!continue [] Y?go( )→ n := n+1; Y!continue]] According to Clinger [1981]: this program illustrates global nondeterminism, since the nondeterminism arises from incomplete specification of the timing of signals between the three processes X, Y, and Z. The repetitive guarded command in the definition of Z has two alternatives: either the stop message is accepted from X, in which case continue is set to false, or a go message is accepted from Y, in which case n is incremented and Y is sent the value of continue. If Z ever accepts the stop message from X, then X terminates. Accepting the stop causes continue to be set to false, so after Y sends its next go message, Y will receive false as the value of its guard and will terminate. When both X and Y have terminated, Z terminates because it no longer has live processes providing input. As the author of CSP points out, therefore, if the repetitive guarded command in the definition of Z were required to be fair, this program would have unbounded nondeterminism: it would be guaranteed to halt but there would be no bound on the final value of n. In actual fact, the repetitive guarded commands of CSP are not required to be fair, and so the program may not halt [Hoare 1978]. This fact may be confirmed by a tedious calculation using the semantics of CSP [Francez, Hoare, Lehmann, and de Roever 1979] or simply by noting that the semantics of CSP is based upon a conventional power domain and thus does not give rise to unbounded nondeterminism. The upshot was that Hoare was convinced that unbounded nondeterminism is impossible to implement. That's why the semantics of CSP specified bounded nondeterminism. But Hoare knew that trouble was brewing in part because for several years proponents of the Actor Model had been beating the drum for unbounded nondeterminism. To address this problem, he suggested that implementations of CSP should be as close as possible to unbounded nondeterminism! But his suggestion was difficult to achieve because of the nature of communication in CSP using nondeterministic select statements (from nondeterministic state machines, e.g., [Dijkstra 1976]), which in the above program which takes the form [X?stop( ) → ... [] Y?go( ) → ...]. The structure of CSP was fundamentally at odds with guarantee of service. Using the semantics for CSP, it was impossible to formally prove that a server actually provides service to multiple clients (as had been done previously in the Actor Model). That's why the semantics of CSP were reversed from bounded non-determinism [Hoare CSP 1978] to unbounded non-determinism [Hoare CSP 1985]. Bounded non-determinism was but a symptom of deeper underlying issues with nondeterministic transitions in communicating sequential processes (see [Knabe 1992]). ### Implementation The problem with unbounded nondeterminism is that it requires unbounded memory to implement. In the case of CSP (with fair implementations of guards) it requires counters of unbounded size. In the case of the Actor model it requires the interconnect between nodes to act as a buffer of unbounded size. There are several real implementations of the CSP semantics in hardware. Removing the requirement for unbounded memory made it possible to implement the model in silicon using constant bounds: the transputer at Inmos, the XMOS core etc. Searching for an implementation of the Actor model I can only find simulations written in high-level languages which rely on unbounded heaps in the language. Turing Machines cannot be implemented, although they can be simulated. We can simulate a subset of machines in software, but this is not the same as building an artifact that is a real Turing Machine. The Actor Model can be simulated in software, but it cannot be implemented as a real computer any more than a Turing Machine can. The upshot was that Hoare was convinced that unbounded nondeterminism is impossible to implement. Hoare was entirely correct, and your model for distributed software would require arbitrarily large buffers between all points on the interconnect. This is not possible to implement and so any theoretic advantages will not translate to practical gains. ### Why did Hoare change CSP to unbounded nondeterminism? Why did Hoare change CSP to unbounded nondeterminism? ### Did he? The only claim that I can find right now is yours - on various websites. Could you provide a more detailed citation / quote to back up your claim. There is a body of work in the early 90s that looks at adding unbounded nondeterminism to CSP. I can't really see how that would fit with the synchronous approach to message passing. More detail would be useful. ### Unbounded nondeterminism in CSP Please see the following book: Bill Roscoe. The Theory and Practice of Concurrency Prentice-Hall. Revised 2005. ### Doesn't help Roscoe published work on adding unbounded nondeterminism to CSP in 1990. Pointing to a book that he wrote 15 years later doesn't really help. Could you provide a detailed citation (either an article, or a specific quote from a book) to indicate that Hoare did add unbounded nondeterminism to CSP? ### Unfortunately I don't know date that CSP changed Unfortunately, I don't know date that CSP changed to unbounded nondeterminism. Roscoe's book has some historical background. ### I'll dig out a copy and take I'll dig out a copy and take a look. But on the question of implementation - what is your view on how unbounded nondeterminism could be implemented? Is it something "real" that we could physically build and use, or is it simply useful as a modelling technique? ### Implementing unbounded systems requires ever more resources Implementing unbounded systems requires ever more resources. ### Configurations versus Global States Computations are represented differently in State Machines and Actors: 1. State Machine: a computation can be represented as a global state that determines all information about the computation. It can be nondeterministic as to which will be the next global state, e.g., in simulations where the global state can transition nondeterministically to the next state as a global clock advances in time, e.g., Simula [Dahl and Nygaard 1967]. 2. Actors: a computation can be represented as a configuration. Information about a configuration can be indeterminate. (For example, there can be messages in transit that will be delivered at some indefinite time.) ### Petri nets? Perhaps I'm off the mark here, but it strikes me as peculiar that there is no mention of Carl Adam Petris dissertation "Kommunikation mit Automaten" or any other reference to Petri nets as a model of concurrent systems. Seems to me that the hypothesis that a global state machine (i.e. a model in which the state is assumed to be global and changes are also assumed to have a global effect as well as depending on the global state) is very similar to the Petris idea that global state when taken to extremes is physically impossible, hence the need for local state and local state changes. And if you are so inclined you can view state machines as just a special case of plain place/transition nets. ### Petri Nets are a Global State Model Petri Nets are a Global State Model because of the transition rule that tokens from physically separated places are removed simultaneously. ### What do you do about the arbiters, though? Hi Carl, I've been thinking a lot about arbiters and the assumptions we tend to make about arbiters, and how it limits our design options. Going forward, the speed of light will be our bottleneck. There will no longer be such things as liquid bottlebecks and 'elastic' clouds, because eventually the rubberband snaps. I attempted to create a programming language based on patterns from control theory, such as Predictive Model Control, but I gave up because the bottleneck to implement many real scenarios is too severe due to physics of the real world; for example, to spin up a new slave server requires creating a copy, which also eats bandwidth and has real propagation delay. Propagation delay is the fundamental issue at the speed of light, as communication protocol design becomes THE dominating factor in system design. Further, most control laws have to be driven by 'human hints' rather than detecting periodicity in a system using characteristic functions such as those found in machine learning... or the system will be vulnerable to 'Black Swans'. Awhile back, I asked you about exactly this problem, and your answer back then was 'Actor Model will get better'. Have I still stumped you? ### Please see discussion of arbiters in "What is Computation?" Please see discussion of arbiters in What is Computation? ### Arbiters can take indefinite time However, I am asking the opposite scenario. Assume an arbiter working at the speed of light.

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http://export.arxiv.org/abs/2211.12147?context=nlin

nlin (what is this?) # Title: Signatures of the interplay between chaos and local criticality on the dynamics of scrambling in many-body systems Abstract: Fast scrambling, quantified by the exponential initial growth of Out-of-Time-Ordered-Correlators (OTOCs), is the ability to efficiently spread quantum correlations among the degrees of freedom of interacting systems, and constitutes a characteristic signature of local unstable dynamics. As such, it may equally manifest both in systems displaying chaos or in integrable systems around criticality. Here, we go beyond these extreme regimes with an exhaustive study of the interplay between local criticality and chaos right at the intricate phase space region where the integrability-chaos transition first appears. We address systems with a well defined classical (mean-field) limit, as coupled large spins and Bose-Hubbard chains, thus allowing for semiclassical analysis. Our aim is to investigate the dependence of the exponential growth of the OTOCs, defining the quantum Lyapunov exponent $\lambda_{\textrm{q}}$ on quantities derived from the classical system with mixed phase space, specifically the local stability exponent of a fixed point $\lambda_{\textrm{loc}}$ as well as the maximal Lyapunov exponent $\lambda_{\textrm{L}}$ of the chaotic region around it. By extensive numerical simulations covering a wide range of parameters we give support to a conjectured linear dependence $2\lambda_{\textrm{q}}=a\lambda_{\textrm{L}}+b\lambda_{\textrm{loc}}$, providing a simple route to characterize scrambling at the border between chaos and integrability. Subjects: Quantum Physics (quant-ph); Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other); High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th); Chaotic Dynamics (nlin.CD) Cite as: arXiv:2211.12147 [quant-ph] (or arXiv:2211.12147v2 [quant-ph] for this version) ## Submission history From: Felix Meier [view email] [v1] Tue, 22 Nov 2022 10:26:17 GMT (16130kb,D) [v2] Thu, 2 Mar 2023 16:24:36 GMT (5909kb,D) Link back to: arXiv, form interface, contact.

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http://tex.stackexchange.com/questions/13426/changing-implementation-of-draft-option

# Changing implementation of 'draft' option In my lab we frequently make several drafts of documents before a final version. We will pass these draft version around for input from many people. It would be convenient to use the 'draft' option that many of the latex classes have, since it does some useful things, but this is impossible because it will always replace images with a framebox the size of the image and the name of the image in the box. Since much text in our docs is usually devoted to discussing those images (plots of data, analysis, etc), removing the images means that evaluating and improving any discussion of the content of an image is not possible, so we cannot use the draft' option for draft versions. I've never really understood why draft versions will remove an image and replace it with a framebox. I've assumed it's a holdover from the days when putting an image in a dvi file for viewing was harder. But, today it seemed absurd, and I've decided to do something about it in the new version of a thesis class that I've written. The class is based on memoir, and I've looked at the memoir code and I can't figure out how it's removing the images when the draft option is called. I've concluded that it's not actually done in memoir, but is done is somewhere else, probably in the latex2e code itself. So, can anyone tell me how I can remove this functionality from the draft option? If the only way to do it is to hijack the draft option for my class, that's ok, but nothing I've tried works so far, like the answer I got in this question should work, but it doesn't. Apologies for the length of my question. From reading the answers I see that I wasn't clear in my question. I want to keep all of the things that a draft version does, and indeed, add some of my own, except the removal of images. I want to have a working option 'draft', but I want to keep all of the images visible. - –  Vairis May 15 '12 at 9:08 Use the draft option to document class \documentclass[draft]{article} and pass the final option to the graphicx package: \usepackage[final]{graphicx} It overrides the draft option which has been given to the document class. - Ah... sorry Stephan. I guess I didn't make myself clear. I want to keep all of the things that a draft version does except the removing of the images. I think your solution is the same as not using the draft option at all, no? –  bev Mar 14 '11 at 23:53 @bev: Stefan's code will only affect the graphicx package—that is, it will cause the graphicx package to include the images regardless of whether or not you pass the draft option to your document class. All other uses of the draft document class option will remain in effect. –  godbyk Mar 15 '11 at 4:23 Sorry for taking 4 days to check this answer, but I had to investigate it out using a bunch of different packages and options since this technique seemed to be working some of the time, but not always. Especially not with my class. However, it turns out that I had loaded the graphicx package twice, with different options, which was the reason it was failing. Thanks everybody for your input. –  bev Mar 19 '11 at 3:28 All class options are also passed to the packages which ignore the ones they do not understand. The replacing of images with frame boxes is done by the graphics/graphicx packages which also have the draft option. As you suspected this has nothing to do with the memoir class. Setting the final option to the used graphic package or any other package overrides the class option and disables this feature. Besides replacing images with frameboxes, the draft option will also disable the micro-typographic extensions of the microtype package and in the process cause different line and page breaks. One useful feature of the draft option is marking overfull boxes; this may also be achieved with \setlength{\overfullrule}{5pt} `

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https://www.physicsforums.com/threads/physics-help-fast-thanks.53244/

# Physics help fast thanks 1. Nov 18, 2004 ### Michelle025 physics help fast thanks!! A force acting on a particle is conservative if: 1 the work done by it equals the change in the kinetic energy of the particle 2 it obeys Newton's 3rd 3 it obeys Newton's 2nd 4 its work depends on the end points of the motion, not the path between 5 it is not a friction force thanks 2. Nov 18, 2004 ### Michelle025 i think it's 4 3. Nov 18, 2004 ### James R 1,2 and 3 are true for all forces, conservative or not. Friction is a non-conservative force, but not the only one.

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https://dash.harvard.edu/handle/1/4889585

# Gender-Related Differences in the Prevalence of Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors and their Correlates in Urban Tanzania Title: Gender-Related Differences in the Prevalence of Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors and their Correlates in Urban Tanzania Author: Njelekela, Marina A; Mpembeni, Rose; Mligiliche, Nuru L; Mtabaji, Jacob; Muhihi, Alfa; Spiegelman, Donna Lynn; Hertzmark, Ellen; Liu, Enju; Finkelstein, Julia Leigh; Fawzi, Wafaie W.; Willett, Walter C. Note: Order does not necessarily reflect citation order of authors. Citation: Njelekela, Marina A., Rose Mpembeni, Alfa Muhihi, Nuru L. Mligiliche, Donna Spiegelman, Ellen Hertzmark, Enju Liu, et al. 2009. Gender-related differences in the prevalence of cardiovascular disease risk factors and their correlates in urban Tanzania. BMC Cardiovascular Disorders 9: 30. Full Text & Related Files: 2723083.pdf (267.9Kb; PDF) Abstract: Background: Urban areas in Africa suffer a serious problem with dual burden of infectious diseases and emerging chronic diseases such as cardiovascular diseases (CVD) and diabetes which pose a serious threat to population health and health care resources. However in East Africa, there is limited literature in this research area. The objective of this study was to examine the prevalence of cardiovascular disease risk factors and their correlates among adults in Temeke, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. Results of this study will help inform future research and potential preventive and therapeutic interventions against such chronic diseases. Methods: The study design was a cross sectional epidemiological study. A total of 209 participants aged between 44 and 66 years were included in the study. A structured questionnaire was used to evaluate socioeconomic and lifestyle characteristics. Blood samples were collected and analyzed to measure lipid profile and fasting glucose levels. Cardiovascular risk factors were defined using World Health Organization criteria. Results: The age-adjusted prevalence of obesity (BMI ≥ 30) was 13% and 35%, among men and women ($$p$$ = 0.0003), respectively. The prevalence of abdominal obesity was 11% and 58% ($$p$$ = 0.0001), and high WHR (men: > 0.9, women: > 0.85) was 51% and 73% ($$p$$ = 0.002) for men and women respectively. Women had 4.3 times greater odds of obesity (95% CI: 1.9–10.1), 14.2–fold increased odds for abdominal adiposity (95% CI: 5.8–34.6), and 2.8 times greater odds of high waist-hip-ratio (95% CI: 1.4–5.7), compared to men. Women had more than three-fold greater odds of having metabolic syndrome ($$p$$ = 0.001) compared to male counterparts, including abdominal obesity, low HDL-cholesterol, and high fasting blood glucose components. In contrast, female participants had 50% lower odds of having hypertension, compared to men (95%CI: 0.3–1.0). Among men, BMI and waist circumference were significantly correlated with blood pressure, triglycerides, total, LDL-, and HDL-cholesterol (BMI only), and fasting glucose; in contrast, only blood pressure was positively associated with BMI and waist circumference in women. Conclusion: The prevalence of CVD risk factors was high in this population, particularly among women. Health promotion, primary prevention, and health screening strategies are needed to reduce the burden of cardiovascular disease in Tanzania. Published Version: doi:10.1186/1471-2261-9-30 Other Sources: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2723083/pdf/ Terms of Use: This article is made available under the terms and conditions applicable to Other Posted Material, as set forth at http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:dash.current.terms-of-use#LAA Citable link to this page: http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:4889585 Downloads of this work:

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https://electronics.stackexchange.com/questions/313809/get-dynamic-length-packet-from-uart

# get dynamic length packet from UART? I Write a program for receive data from Uart ISI, my Data Packet is something like : 2 first byte contain Device ID and type of command. Data is contain some bytes that could be have different length, minimum 1 byte to max 15 bytes, and the last byte represent the packet is finish. Uart ISI code is: volatile char UartFlag=Fulse; volatile unsigned char count=0; unsigned char coder[13]; ISR (USART_RX_vect) { coder[count]=UDR0; if (coder[count] == 20) UartFlag=True; else count++; } That receive each byte and save in coder. As you see when receive number 20, stop receiving process by UartFlag=True; and in main call a function DoSomthing(); to do something with coder as below: while (1) { if (UartFlag) { DoSomthing(); count=0; UartFlag=Fulse; } } But I have problem that sometime the Data section have 20 in their bytes and its lead to i dont get Correct packet. I try to put \0 (the last byte=0 instead of 20) but maybe have same error. I am looking for best way to find dynamic length of packet. What is the best way to find the dynamic length of packet? A way that maybe work is put the data length in first byte of Data section, but it add extra process in sender device. • Change the finish character to something which won't appear in your data. Can you do that? – Whiskeyjack Jun 30 '17 at 7:18 • no because the packet data maybe contain all of character..and sender dont have limitation in send charachter – Ali Jun 30 '17 at 7:19 • How about this - Keep reading till you encounter stop bit. You don't need to put a special end character on your own. – Whiskeyjack Jun 30 '17 at 7:23 • whats a stop bit? a byte of Data? – Ali Jun 30 '17 at 7:27 • Use multiple characters as an escape sequence, like ### or @#\$%& like many BT or GPRS modules do when switching between command and data mode. – Bence Kaulics Jun 30 '17 at 7:29 In my opinion, to be 100% that it will work in all cases, you have to do what you thought of yourself: Include the length of the data (the number of bytes you are sending) as an additional header field, for example after the Type field. This is actually what the Ethernet protocols do. About extra process on sender I don't know how the sender is implemented. But it doesn't seem to require much processing effort. I mean the sender already knows how many packets will be sent, no? So, as you fill in the other two fields (Device ID and Type), you can fill in this additional field as well. • thanks.. i think you right ..best way is handle length when packet create..good luck – Ali Jun 30 '17 at 7:43 • @combo_ci - generally you shouldn't be making trivial edits like this, and you especially should not be inserting large blocks of text. Where did that come from??? – Chris Stratton Jun 30 '17 at 14:46 • Beware that simply sending a length is not reliable; you still must have a way to reliably distinguish a "header" encoding the length from any pattern that could occur in data, either by having a multi-byte sequence which is banned from data (possibly broken up by an escape if it occurs), less reliably by a time gap, or perhaps by some additional ("out of band") signalling wire or channel. (Starting the receiver before the transmitter would effectively be out-of-band signalling through the operator's fingers) – Chris Stratton Jun 30 '17 at 14:47 • @ChrisStratton: you are partially right. But I have to say this large block was a comment from me that I subsequently deleted. – nickagian Jun 30 '17 at 15:17 • @ChrisStratton: Unfortunately I don't quite get what you mean :-) The receiver will know that on every transmission the first three bytes coming in are special fields that need special interpretation and not data. From the fourth byte on there will be the data, with a length that was defined from the third special field. – nickagian Jun 30 '17 at 15:19 The two common ways to solve this are the ones you mentioned. • Use a dedicated length field at the beginning of the package • Use an unambiguous end marker at the end of the package. If you don't want to use length fields you have to use an end marker. If you want to be able to use any of the 256 byte values in payload you have to extend your code by intrducing escape sequences in order to code more than just 256 distinct values. E.g. • Use 0x20 0x00 to code original 0x20 in payload (i.e. replace any 0x20 by 0x20 0x00 in payload) • Use 0x20 0x01 as end marker. Since escaping increases the size of the coded payload it is advisable to use an escape character value that is unlikely to appear in original payload data (so 0x20 wouldn't be a good choice if payload is ordinary ASCII text). • Note that a length fields requires reliable detection of a header vs. arbitrary patterns in data. This isn't necessarily any simpler than detecting an end marker. – Chris Stratton Jun 30 '17 at 14:49 • Common protocols that use the escape character technique are SLIP and Asynchronous PPP. – Kevin White Jun 30 '17 at 19:34 • @Curd: Unfortunately, I do not know at all what data from the sender of the oven, maybe 0x20! ( because the sender mix some bits together and each bit means an action...mixing the bits in some condition may deal to create 0x20 and its a big bug in our system – Ali Jul 1 '17 at 4:33 Another thing to consider is how the data field is encoded. You can avoid a length specifier in the packet by ensuring that the end marker is not ever expected in the data field. (Note that in applications that I create I also use a start marker that is unique and cannot occur in the data region. This allows quicker re-sync to the command stream without losing one extra packet). So if a data region is just numbers for example encode them in character format as opposed to binary format. Then also select your device ID and packet Type as a readable character. This scheme can leave you a series of bytes to be used as "control characters" two of which you use as the start marker and end marker. The ASCII character set neatly reserves the encodings of 0x00 to 0x1F as control characters. This is MANY years old and so you can see that this problem was solved long ago. There are even names given to some of them that can be directly leveraged such as SOH (start of header) and EOT (end of text). • you say:_Note that in applications that I create I also use a start marker that is unique and cannot occur in the data region_, my big problem is that every character maybe occur in data section,character or Number – Ali Jul 1 '17 at 4:17 • @MichealKaras could you pealse explain more about This allows quicker re-sync to the command stream without losing one extra packet? – Ali Jul 1 '17 at 4:21 • @combo_ci - Yes! If you have a receiver is connected and starts looking for packets to arrive and is not yet in sync between its incoming data stream and the parsing of active packet boundaries the quickest way to achieve sync and not lose a packet is to look for a unique start marker. If you look for an end marker instead you cannot trust most of what came before so you must discard what may have been almost all of a packet and concentrate on receiving the next packet. – Michael Karas Jul 1 '17 at 17:02 • A system timer interrupt is more applicable to working out multi byte gap between packets. Back to back bytes is better handled by reading a continuously running counter each time you read the next UART byte to get a relative time stamp each byte as received. Such counter wants to be ticking at a rate at least the bit rate of the UART stream but have enough bits that it does not over flow at more than say the length of time of several packets. – Michael Karas Jul 1 '17 at 17:56 • @combo_ci - I do have to comment that you say that you are able to change the transmit protocol (ie adding a modified device ID) and yet you complain that you cannot do anything about the data content. I have to suggest that if you have control of the transmit end then you can take steps to solve the problem that you have!! One brute force way is to resort to the ASCII printable characters solution and convert all the arbitrary source data onto a Hex ASCII format by encoding each source binary byte to a readable character format in two bytes. Convert it back to binary at the receiving end. – Michael Karas Jul 1 '17 at 18:04

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http://sciforums.com/threads/pi-no-patterns-because-pi-is-the-pattern.135466/page-3

Pi - No Patterns, because Pi is the pattern Discussion in 'Pseudoscience' started by Quantum Quack, Jul 23, 2013. 1. Quantum QuackLife's a tease...Valued Senior Member Messages: 21,030 because the line will only be proved to be zero (< 1/infinity) in thickness... The outside volume of the circle inside the box would be an infinite resolving number as will the volume inside the circle....the difference between the two when compared to the whole box, should be 1/infinity as far as I can work out... I'm making up a diagram to show the thought experiment [ double reduction absurdo - or what I interpret this to mean ] Last edited: Jul 28, 2013 3. Quantum QuackLife's a tease...Valued Senior Member Messages: 21,030 Steps 1] Calculate the area of the Square.. = x 2] Calculate the area outside the circle[but inside the square] = y 3] Calculate the area of the circle = z Then you will find if I am not mistaken logically the following: x= y+z+(< 1/infinity) The end result is a circle [line] that is both non-existent and existent simultaneously. The circle line becomes an event horizon or vanishing point and nothing more As shown in exaggerated form below: Of course this is on the premise that Pi can not ever be resolved finitely 5. Captain KremmenAll aboard, me Hearties!Valued Senior Member Messages: 12,738 Yes, because it is theoretical. There are an infinite number of circles, and any other shape, that can fit in the square, and your calculation applies to all of them. What does it prove? Other than a line has no width? @CBork I imagine that Archimedes would have given everything he owned and lived in rags to have thought of Taylor's Series. Simple, and beautiful. Why does it work? If you studied it hard enough, I expect you would find that it has its basis in Geometry, and is cookie cutting by another route. 7. Quantum QuackLife's a tease...Valued Senior Member Messages: 21,030 it proves a lot of things..... one of which: It proves when applied to 3 dimensional space the simultaneous existence and non-existence of zero. My bet is that no matter how you try to resolve the calculations you will always end up with a value <1/infinity but a value all the same. the line has a width of <1/infinity Using the double reduction absurdo method mentioned earlier 8. Quantum QuackLife's a tease...Valued Senior Member Messages: 21,030 The reason why this is exciting for me is graphically shown in this image of Baileys beads. especially when you compare with the image posted earlier: which relates back to what I posted earlier: 9. Captain KremmenAll aboard, me Hearties!Valued Senior Member Messages: 12,738 Just because you can't calculate the area of the circle absolutely precisely given a radius, does not mean that the circle doesn't have an exact area. What if you placed a circle with an area of 1 square centimetre inside a square of 4 square centimetres? 10. Quantum QuackLife's a tease...Valued Senior Member Messages: 21,030 a square centimeter in a circle.... eghad!!!! 11. StryderKeeper of "good" ideas.Valued Senior Member Messages: 13,102 I consider the hypothesis of the universe being a simulation. If a simulation was built there would likely be a cryptographic "Seed" to the server(s) [or construct a identification key] which would be a value that everything relies upon, that wouldn't change but would still be capable of developing strong encryption depending on the technological development of the equipment (via moores law). PI being an Irregular number is brilliant for this, as depending on the depth of progression of technology defines the number of digits that can be handled at any one time. It takes into consideration that to build a simulation doesn't mean spamming out revised numbers and leaving a bunch of unsupported "alpha" models slowly decaying [after all I haven't seen any blocky people have you?], in essence such a simulation development would include all previous versions of legacy based upon their placement in decimalisation of an irregular number. Incidentally this hypothesis means that our universe might have a different value of PI to another universe, which might well explain why we only see our one. 12. someguy1Registered Senior Member Messages: 726 The circumference of the circle has zero area in 2D space. You're correct about that. But it certainly exists. For example the unit circle in 2D is the set of points whose distance is exactly 1 from the origin. That set of points exists, even though it has zero area in the plane. Perhaps you're confusing math with physics. In the physical world there are no perfect circles or dimensionless points. But in math there are. 13. CptBorkRobbing the Shalebridge CradleValued Senior Member Messages: 5,975 Taylor's series is about expressing various mathematical functions (i.e. $\sin x$ ,$e^x$, $x^{8.26}$) in terms of infinite-degree polynomials. For instance we can write $\sin x=x-\frac{x^3}{3!}+\frac{x^5}{5!}-\frac{x^7}{7!}+\ldots$ when angle $x$ is given in dimensionless radian units. Obviously you can't calculate infinitely many terms to get the exact answer in general, but normally you only need to take the first few terms in order to get a good approximation, and then adding more terms serves as a small correction to make the approximation more exact. There's also an error term that allows you to put limits on how far off your approximation is at worst, so if you wanted to calculate it accurately to a certain number of decimal places, you'd know that you're guaranteed at least that level of accuracy or better after adding a certain minimum number of terms (or more). It's a concept that arose with the formal development of calculus in Isaac Newton's time, useful for geometric applications (like calculating trigonometric functions for arbitrary angles), but it's also useful for just about any other kind of mathematical function under certain conditions, and I don't think it was geometrically motivated anymore than any other development in calculus. Actually, Taylor's series gives us a way of defining certain mathematical functions like sine, cosine, inverse tan, etc., and even $\pi$ itself, in a purely algebraic way that requires no reference whatsoever to shapes or anything involving geometry and trigonometry. Your methodology here is not "double reductio ad absurdum", I'm afraid it's not really math at all to be honest. The fuzzy glowing edge of a photographically enhanced black hole event horizon looks like the fuzzy edge of a shaded circle drawn in a graphics program. So what? I'm afraid $\pi$ isn't up for negotiation as it doesn't depend on the universe in which we live. It's entirely based on the idealized concept of a perfect circle on which each point of the boundary is exactly the same distance from a central point, on a perfectly flat surface where parallel lines never meet. 14. Quantum QuackLife's a tease...Valued Senior Member Messages: 21,030 Certainly not an enhanced image of a fuzzy black hole..thingo 15. Quantum QuackLife's a tease...Valued Senior Member Messages: 21,030 All math is devoted to some form of physical construct or at least exploring the path to some form of physical construct. To me there is no distinction between math, physics, cosmology, philosophy... as ultimately that are all a part of the same human quest for understanding himself and that which surrounds him. Pi which is a mathematical number, demonstrates, using the "logic" symbol-ogy of mathematics [language] some of that which surrounds us. To me Pi is just a short hand symbolic, logical representation of a very important part of 3 dimensional space. Math is after all the science of logic is it not? To me the above statement is highly debatable and unfortunately not one for this thread... As proved using the badly described method previously an example of possible application: You have a moon that has a "matter to space" boundary of (<1/infinity) thickness that allows light to stream through it causing, under certain conditions, the effect known as Baileys Beads. [during a solar eclipse] Last edited: Jul 29, 2013 16. someguy1Registered Senior Member Messages: 726 Even if I granted you that, it would still be the case that math is math. When you are in math class and they ask you to consider the unit circle, namely the set of points (x,y) in Euclidean 2-space satisfying x^2 + y^2 = 1, did you raise your hand and say "Oh but that circle can't exist because it has no area." Or did you silently seethe, waiting for the chance to express that point of view on an Internet forum? Do you mean to claim that the mathematical concept of the unit circle doesn't exist because it has no area? I wouldn't disagree with you that "everything is related" or even "all is one," if I'm in that kind of metaphysical mood. But still, math is math. Do you deny the mathematical existence of the unit circle? How did this belief manifest itself when you were in math classes in high school or college? When you took high school geometry and they said, "Euclid says a line is composed of points," did you believe that there are no lines and there are no points, because lines and points don't have a nonzero area? But pi is a dimensionless point on the real number line. It has no nonzero area. By your logic pi doesn't even exist. How do you reconcile your statements? No, not really. But even if for sake of discussion I agreed with you, I'm more interested in your denial of the mathematical existence of the unit circle. Am I representing your opinion fairly on that matter? And how do you account for the fact that pi is a dimensionless point on the real number line? In the physical world there are no perfect circles or dimensionless points. But in math there are. And you responded: To me the above statement is highly debatable and unfortunately not one for this thread... You believe in pi. You think it has cosmic significance. Yet pi is a dimensionless point on the mathematical real line. By your own logic you don't believe in pi. Last edited: Jul 29, 2013 17. Quantum QuackLife's a tease...Valued Senior Member Messages: 21,030 Firstly, you have asked some hard (as in solid] questions and ones I would love the proper opportunity to address. Secondly if I do that here this thread will be moved to another fora. [ and I will probably be unjustly accused of trolling] We are talking about the circles line [ boundary ] not it's area per see. Do you believe in zero? Does it exist? If it doesn't exist then why do you believe in it? I believe Pi proves the existence of a value [a circles line] that is (< 1/infinity) thick. [In math and physics] Is that value zero or is it simply (< 1/infinity)? Is the circles line zero in thickness [re: Euclid] or is it (< 1/infinity) in thickness or is it paradoxically both? (A value and a non-value simultaneously as is the case with zero) If I am not mistaken zero does NOT and can NOT equal an infinitesimal. (1/infinity) Every number is a zero dimensional point on a real number line....do they exist? Edit: An appropriate thread in pseudo science about "Reductio ad absurdum" may prove interesting.....do you want to start it or do you want me to...? Last edited: Jul 29, 2013 18. StryderKeeper of "good" ideas.Valued Senior Member Messages: 13,102 That is precisely the point, what is the perfect circle? I mean if you draw a circle on a computer while indeed you can have curvatures vectored in, the base of it is a polar axis with a number of vertices that are connected. The more "circular" the circle, the more vertices used. You could apply a concept of how Moore's Law could be applied to drawing an ever perfectionistic circle, constantly upgrading the level of available definition by increasing definition with each build/render. That is the point however as what would define the rate of technological progress to ascertain as to how many vertices are used with each build? would it just be "adding 4 vertices each build due to asymmetry" or would those numbers change/alternate based upon the available technological parameters of the time or perhaps something more entropic in origin (like a programmer deciding not to get out of bed to do that build a particular day because it's raining in Gibraltar)? If you could observe the timeline of such a perfectionistic venture, you'd understand where things can diverge and where values you take for granted could well be different elsewhere. (I'm not suggesting that the values are different here) 19. Captain KremmenAll aboard, me Hearties!Valued Senior Member Messages: 12,738 @CBork Seems that Brook Taylor had great ideas, but lacked the ability to express them clearly. His work was only recognised as important 40 years after his death. Taylor's Methodus Incrementorum Directa et Inversa (1715) added a new branch to the higher mathematics, now designated the "calculus of finite differences." This work is available in translation on the web [1]. Among other ingenious applications, he used it to determine the form of movement of a vibrating string, by him first successfully reduced to mechanical principles. The same work contained the celebrated formula known as Taylor's theorem, the importance of which remained unrecognised until 1772, when J. L. Lagrange realized its powers and termed it "le principal fondement du calcul différentiel" ("the main foundation of differential calculus"). http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brook_Taylor 20. Fednis48Registered Senior Member Messages: 725 The perfect circle is better-defined than I think you're giving it credit for. It's not just something that we can approximate ever-better with improved computers. A perfect circle is the shape defined by all points in a given plane at a particular distance from a given center. This definition does not invoke any particular properties of our universe, so it would be exactly the same in all possible universes. On the other hand, considering your response did give me one idea for how $A=\pi r^2$ might not be true in all universes. That formula relies on the Euclidean distance metric: $d=\sqrt{x^2+y^2+z^2}$ (or more generally for $n$ dimensions, $d=\sqrt{\displaystyle\sum_{i=1}^n x_n^2}$). In a universe with a different distance metric, a circle might look different from what we think of as a circle, even if it was defined exactly the same as above. As an example, if we were in a universe where distance was given by the 1-norm $d=\left |x+y+z\right |$, a circle would be identical to a square. Actually, since General Relativity uses non-Euclidean distance metrics, does that imply that $A=\pi r^2$ is not strictly true in our universe? It sounds weird, but I know that GR implies the internal angles of a triangle don't have to sum to $180^\circ$, so I'm wondering if the area of a circle works in a similar way. 21. someguy1Registered Senior Member Messages: 726 I haven't been around here long enough to have a sense of the moderation standards. I'm just trying to clarify your misunderstandings regarding the nature of the real numbers. To that extent, this conversation seems on-topic. I'll have to trust the moderators. Agreed. In your "circle in square" demonstration you pointed out that a circle, being a 1-dimensional shape living in 2-space, has no area. I quite agree. I've been careful to use the phrase "circumference of the circle" to indicate that I'm talking about the circle itself, not the region it encloses. This is a standard convention in math. The unit circle is the set of points satisfying x^2 + y^2 = 1. It's just the circumference we're talking about. I indicated earlier that your basic point of confusion is that you are not distinguishing between math and physics. I'm just talking about math, this being the math section of this website. Zero is a perfectly well-defined real number. It has mathematical existence. Whether it exists in the physical world is no concern of mine in this context. That's a question of philosophy, or physics [But, FWIW ... I don't even believe that the number 3 has physical existence. 3 books or 3 tables or three planets, yes, those are physical manifestations or instantiations of the number 3. But the number 3 itself does not exist in the physical world. For one thing, the number 3 is not bound by gravity. It's not a physical thing. The number 3 is an abstract mathematical object, just as the number zero is.] But in the world of modern mathematics, zero is a real number. It's a particular point on the number line. It's the additive identity of the integers considered as an Abelian group. There's no controversy or confusion on this point. Zero has mathematical existence. The expression 1/infinity has no meaning in mathematics. It's not defined. There are no infinitesimal quantities in the real numbers. The thickness of a line in 2-space is zero. This is not in dispute in any way. But pi is a particular real number on the real number line. It has length zero. Do you understand that? It's just a point. It's a zero-dimensional object. It has no length or width or thickness. Zero. A mathematical point has zero length, zero width, zero area. Pi is a real number that represents a point on the real number line. It's zero. The expression 1/infinity has no meaning. It's undefined. It's true that in calculus we often speak of the limit of 1/x as x goes to infinity. But in that context, the phrase "limit as x -> infinity" has a very specific technical meaning. It's irrelevant here. The thickness of a line or circle in 2-space is zero. There are no infinitesimals in the real numbers. Zero is a perfectly well-defined and well-understood value in mathematics. It's a point on the number line and it's the additive identity of the integers, as I said. One may certainly argue against the existence of zero in physics and/or philosophy. But in mathematics, zero exists and there's no dispute or disagreement about that. One thread like this is plenty for me, thanks. To the extent that you're interested in understanding mathematics, I'm happy to continue. To the extent that this is going to be an unproductive crank discussion, I won't be able to continue much longer. It's up to you. You're the one whose handle identifies you as a quack. I'm trying to talk math with you. I would like you to directly respond to the question I asked you earlier. You say that pi exists, but that a circle having zero thickness does not exist. But pi is a real number representing a point on the number line that has no length, width, or area. By your logic, pi doesn't exist. I would answer that pi has perfectly well-understood mathematical existence as a point on the number line. And that the unit circle, the set of points in Euclidean 2-space satisfying x^2 + y^2 = 1, has perfectly well-defined mathematical existence. 22. CptBorkRobbing the Shalebridge CradleValued Senior Member Messages: 5,975 I assumed that's what it was because you were calling it an "event horizon", which would be like calling a block of cheese a "hammer". Anyhow, the ring of light around the moon during an eclipse has finite nonzero thickness, it's not a perfect circle or a line. If you draw a circle on a spherical surface, the definition of distance is different than what we normally conceive of, and the ratio of circumference to diameter is no longer $\pi$. Similarly, the angles of a triangle on a spherical surface no longer need add to $180^\circ$. So the defining relationship for $\pi$ does indeed depend on having a flat 2D surface where parallel lines never meet, a perfectly idealized situation which probably can't be found in nature. 23. Quantum QuackLife's a tease...Valued Senior Member Messages: 21,030 @someguy1 Just to clarify, this forum category is called "Physics and math" And I am not confusing physics and math as I am discussing both with the threads OP. to the rest of your post later...

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http://mathhelpforum.com/math-challenge-problems/6668-chessboard-problem.html

# Math Help - Chessboard Problem! 1. ## Chessboard Problem! Suppose a queen starts out standing on the third square on a chessboard at the very top. That is, the queen stands on the 3rd sqaure from the left. Two players play a game where each player takes a turn moving the queen: a.) either horizontally to the right b.) or vertically downward c.) or diagonally in south-east direction For the above, they can move the queen as many squares as they want. The first player that can place the queen on the lower-left most right square of the chessboard wins the game. Who will win, and what is the winning strategy for each n and m? 2. Any suggestions on where to even start or how to approach this question? How do you suggest trying to come up with an equation that works in general? Different cases? 3. Originally Posted by fifthrapiers Suppose a queen starts out standing on the third square on a chessboard at the very top. That is, the queen stands on the 3rd sqaure from the left. Two players play a game where each player takes a turn moving the queen: a.) either horizontally to the right b.) or vertically downward c.) or diagonally in south-east direction For the above, they can move the queen as many squares as they want. The first player that can place the queen on the lower-left most right square of the chessboard wins the game. Who will win, and what is the winning strategy for each n and m? Lower left most right square? What n and m? Do youmean an n by m board rather than the standard board. 4. "The first player that can place the queen on the lower-left most right square of the chessboard wins the game. Who will win, and what is the winning strategy for each n and m?" Err, sorry. I meant the first player that can place the queen on the lower-right most square (IE: bottom right corner) of the chessboard wins. "What n and m? Do youmean an n by m board rather than the standard board." Yes. 5. "What n and m? Do youmean an n by m board rather than the standard board." Nevermind on that. I misread the question. It's just "what is the winning strategy." No n's or m's. 6. Originally Posted by fifthrapiers Suppose a queen starts out standing on the third square on a chessboard at the very top. That is, the queen stands on the 3rd sqaure from the left. Two players play a game where each player takes a turn moving the queen: a.) either horizontally to the right b.) or vertically downward c.) or diagonally in south-east direction For the above, they can move the queen as many squares as they want. The first player that can place the queen on the lower-left most right square of the chessboard wins the game. Who will win, and what is the winning strategy for each n and m? Similarly to analyzing the game in this thread, analyze the game backwards from last move. Form the board, which is effectively 8x6 because the queen cannot move to the left. See below. Starting from the lower right corner, mark a position as W for winning if a player can win outright from there or put the opponent into a losing position. Mark a position as L for losing if the player is forced to put the opponent into a winning position. Q denotes where the queen starts. X is the final position. A winning strategy is to move to one of the L positions reachable from Q. Code: QLWWWW WWWWWW WWLWWW WWWWWW LWWWWW WWWWLW WWWLWW WWWWWX

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https://www.quantumcalculus.org/tag/energy/

Tensor Products Everywhere The tensor product is defined both for geometric objects as well as for morphisms between geometric objects. It appears naturally in connection calculus. Energy, Entropy and Gibbs free Energy Energy U and Entropy S are fundamental functionals on a simplicial complex equipped with a probability measure. Gibbs free energy U-S combines them and should lead to interesting minima.

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http://gmatclub.com/forum/wharton-vs-booth-w-60k-vs-sloan-164816-20.html?sort_by_oldest=true

Find all School-related info fast with the new School-Specific MBA Forum It is currently 29 Jul 2015, 23:08 ### GMAT Club Daily Prep #### Thank you for using the timer - this advanced tool can estimate your performance and suggest more practice questions. We have subscribed you to Daily Prep Questions via email. Customized for You we will pick new questions that match your level based on your Timer History Track every week, we’ll send you an estimated GMAT score based on your performance Practice Pays we will pick new questions that match your level based on your Timer History # Events & Promotions ###### Events & Promotions in June Open Detailed Calendar # Wharton vs Booth (w$60K) vs Sloan Question banks Downloads My Bookmarks Reviews Important topics ### Which school to enrol? • 22% [29] • 70% [91] • 6% [9] Author Message TAGS: Current Student Joined: 08 May 2011 Posts: 217 Location: United States Concentration: International Business, General Management Schools: Wharton '16 (M) WE: Analyst (Venture Capital) Followers: 6 Kudos [?]: 90 [0], given: 3 Re: Wharton vs Booth (w$60K) vs Sloan [#permalink]  12 Feb 2014, 13:55 poem wrote: I have talked with a number of students & alums from all 3 schools, I don't have a very certain answer yet, I still have 8 days to go, but I am getting clearer & clearer. Anyway, as the "pay-it-forward" principle, I will post my final answer here (and the rationale behind) after the sweet Feb 14 date. Sorry it may not help R1 applicants, but I hope it helps R2 applicants in their decision. By the way, just an update of $20K fellowship from Wharton after nicely asking, and$40K from MIT Sloan w/o asking. I am still surprised how generous Sloan is, esp I never asked for it. I was always impressed that Sloan rarely offers fellowship. Good luck to those who are asking for fellowship!!! Best, Poem I got DEEENIED by Wharton when asking for money, but glad to see someone got it. Maybe I was not convincing enough on the phone. Current Student Joined: 11 Nov 2011 Posts: 28 Followers: 0 Kudos [?]: 14 [12] , given: 13 Re: Wharton vs Booth (w$60K) vs Sloan [#permalink] 13 Feb 2014, 18:42 12 This post received KUDOS Hi all, I hope this piece of writing helps someone out there who is making decision in 2nd round. I have talked with a great number of staffs, alums, and students from all 3 schools. From all of the conversations I have, it comes down (only apply to me) the 3 golden aspects to look for business schools: branding, career help, and fit/network. I already discounted other aspects like living environment, weather, partners club, etc … I think it is just inappropriate to have factors in the picture. Branding: Wharton has an edge I went to mid-ranked undergraduate school (top 30-50, I guess), so school branding & solid MBA stamp on my CV is an important factor for me. When you say you are from this school or that school, ppl may look at you differently. I know in US, Wharton and Booth is more less similar school, in fact, some of my friends in US told to choose Booth over Wharton. However, Wharton name is huge in Asia, especially in India (?? I can’t explain myself??), I have talked with a few Indian friends who are going/hold MBA as well, they told me it’s no-brainer answer, Wharton is definitely the choice. People here in Asia perceive Wharton is prestigious, Booth is very good. This is to show how popular Wharton is. I think it is due to the old historic H/S/W, and Booth, even though is quite strong in recent 5 years, still need some time to catch-up in global context. MIT is definitely is a big name for tech, but most of the people don’t think MIT is for business. Having said that, I have a chat with a Wharton alum (’08 or ‘09), with 5/6 years post-MBA working experience, she said no one cares, choose what you like, employers care what you have done and what you bring to the table. All are same schools to her. Perhaps, she is my favourite alum I have talked so far, for being so honest and not selling me on her school. Career help: MIT, MIT and MIT For the short-term goal of internal strategic planning in big tech firm, I think all schools could land me this job. I have shifted in my career plan, I am seriously considering doing start-up during schooling or just after MBA. Given my tech background, and MIT’s extraordinary entrepreneurial ecosystem, MIT is the winner (of course, after Harvard and Stanford). Please see this report: http://poetsandquants.com/2013/11/18/th ... eurship/3/ When I reach out to Wharton/Booth: the A, B & C resources may help you, you may want to reach out to X, Y & Z institute as well … When I reach out to MIT Sloan: which field you want to start-up? Are you interested in D, E & F? Do you want to work part-time in start-up while schooling? Send in your CV we have a student club to help you, etc … Start-up is like a norm in MIT, and entrepreneurship is everyone business. Another plus point is that students can find partners from other schools in MIT (world-class MIT engineering school is a dream place to look for strong-tech partner) Wharton/Booth are also strong in start-up, but that could not beat MIT. Fit/network: perhaps Booth I put them together because no mater how big the network is, if I don’t fit in, I am not going to be able to make friends. MIT is definitely a fit. It is so easy (for me) to connect to MIT people, from adcoms, alums, students, to newly admitted students, given that more than 50% of them from tech/engineering background. It is too much comfortable until I wonder: do I go out of my comfort zone? I promise myself to take risk during MBA, to try new/crazy things, to network with new people, to do whatever I like w/o being concerned of finance or family. And Booth just has nice subsets of all kind of people, in the other words, diversified. I can find lots of people like me, and lots of people not like me. I have a feeling that, at Booth, if I want to take a step back, I have a community behind me, if I want to reach out, I will have plenty of people to challenge me. Wharton, yes, is also very diversified, but I have hard time to connect with students. It’s not that all bad, I will be trained to work with not-my-type classmates. Wharton is well-known for party & wine, I’m not so big on that, but call me for good food! In other words, choose MIT to pamper myself, choose Booth to go out of comfort zone, and choose Wharton to go far from comfort zone. Wharton alumni network is the biggest, and Booth comes very close. MIT has small class size, and not a lot of students go to Asia post MBA, I found MIT network is limited compared with the other 2 schools in Asia context. Booth has a big plus because of EMBA campus was in Singapore (moved to Hong Kong last year). But Booth will still keep a small campus in Singapore for career office, executive training as well as alumni gathering. In this regards, perhaps Booth is the choice for fit/network. ---------------- It happened that in the past few weeks, Booth just did exactly right things to me as it did to boost ranking in the last 5 years. I have got the best support from Booth for all of my inquiries; they connected me with all of the people & even more than what I requested: they connected me with a very high-profile senior executive who is currently in Booth Global Advisory Board. She talked with me for close to 1 hour, and was very humble as she could, honest & passionate about Booth. I am just impressed with how strong the Booth community is. And I have a strong sense of Booth has the best career support for me among the 3 schools. Putting all together, plus the scholarship money factor, I lean towards Booth. Deposit paid, I am going to Booth. Keep in mind: “The grass is NOT greener on the other side”, I am moving forward. Thanks all for all your help so help. I really appreciate that, especially to those I have personal conversation with. It is already Valentine day here in Asia. Happy Valentine Day to all GMAT Club readers! Best, Poem BSchool Forum Moderator Status: Current Tuckie! Joined: 19 Oct 2012 Posts: 555 Location: United Kingdom Schools: Tuck '16 (M) GMAT 1: 710 Q50 V36 GMAT 2: 740 Q48 V44 Followers: 23 Kudos [?]: 181 [0], given: 103 Re: Wharton vs Booth (w$60K) vs Sloan [#permalink]  14 Feb 2014, 01:45 Congrats poem. You couldn't really make a wrong decision there and going with your gut is the right call. Booth is a fantastic school! _________________ *Updated 25th July*: Embracing the downtime Blog: http://domotron.wordpress.com Elements of an MBA application series GMAT (28/02) | Profile (11/03) | Networking / Research (01/04) | Recommendations (30/05) | Essays / Online applications | Interview My 710 (Q50, V36) Debrief + 740 (Q48, V44) Update: http://gmatclub.com/forum/710-q50-v36-phew-i-m-done-with-the-gmat-probably-150067.html Re: Wharton vs Booth (w$60K) vs Sloan [#permalink] 14 Feb 2014, 01:45 Go to page Previous 1 2 [ 23 posts ] Similar topics Replies Last post Similar Topics: Kellogg 1Y or Booth w/ 60k? 4 28 Mar 2015, 18:29 2 Wharton ($$) vs. Booth ($$$) 6 26 Mar 2015, 05:58 2 Wharton vs. Booth 0 08 May 2014, 10:35 Booth Vs Sloan 5 27 Feb 2014, 07:46

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https://gre.kmf.com/question/qr/0?keyword=&page=372

#### 题目列表 How many positive three-digit odd integers less than 800 have a tens digit equal to 2? The length of an edge of cube C is 3 times of an edge of cube S. The surface area of cube C is x times the surface area of cube S. What is the value of x? x=_____ The total annual rainfall during year X in Nairobi was 29.9 inches. Approximately what percent of the total annual rainfall occurred during April? For the five months, the median of the values shown for monthly rainfall, in inches, for Quito was which of the following? In Christchurch, the ratio of the number of inches of rainfall during May to the number of inches of rainfall during February was closest to which of the following? Several hundred companies were asked to indicate what benefits they planned to offer during the next year to help retain workers. The results are summarized in the table above. If 30.0 percent of the companies polled indicated that they planned to offer both wage increases and professional development, what percent of the companies indicated that they planned to offer neither of these two benefits? _____% Given 14 consecutive integers, if the sum of the first 7 integers is S, what is the sum of the other 7 integers, in terms of S? The frequency distribution above shows the number of colleges visited by a sample of students. If the median of the numbers of colleges visited is 3, which of the following could be the value of x? Indicate all such values. The function R is defined by R(x)=$x+\frac{1}{x}$ for all positive numbers x. #### Quantity A R(3)+R($\frac{1}{3}$) #### Quantity B 2R(3) △ABC is inscribed in a circle with center O and radius r. #### Quantity A The perimeter of △ABC #### Quantity B 6r Each of eight consecutive positive integers is divided by 8, and the resulting remainders are recorded. #### Quantity A The average (arithmetic mean) of the 8 remainders recorded #### Quantity B 3.5 Of all the children living in Country M in 1989, 24 percent had access to a computer at home and 18 percent used a computer at home. What percent of children who had access to a computer at home did not use a computer at home? A certain company made neither a profit nor a loss on the first 1,000 widgets it sold and made a profit of \$0.50 on each widget it sold after the first 1,000. If the company's total profit from the sale of widgets was p dollars, what is the number of widgets it sold, in terms of p? The average (arithmetic mean) of the weights of a father and mother is twice the average of the weights of their 4 children. If the average weight of the 6 family members is 128 pounds, what is the average weight, in pounds, of the 4 children? A bus traveled m miles in h hours at an average speed of r miles per hour. If the number of hours traveled by the bus had been 20 percent greater and the average speed had been 20 percent less, then the distance traveled by the bus would have been what percent less? _____% If the area of trapezoid ABCD above is 90, what is the length of side CD? In the rectangular coordinate plane above, how many points (x, y), where both x and y are integers, lie on the circle with center at (0, 0) and radius 5? For how many of the 10 selected years was the number of United States residents in the age-group "65 years and older" greater than 14 million? 25000 +道题目 6本备考书籍

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http://math.stackexchange.com/questions/157377/complement-of-the-diagonal-in-product-of-schemes/157398

# Complement of the diagonal in product of schemes Let $S$ be a noetherian scheme and $X \rightarrow S$ be an affine morphism of schemes. Consider the diagonal morphism $\Delta: X \rightarrow X \times_S X$. If $\Delta (X)$ is the closed subset of $X \times_S X$, then one can look at the open embedding $j: U \rightarrow X \times_S X$ of the open complement of $\Delta(X)$. Has $j$ a chance to be itself an affine morphism of schemes? Or what additional hypotheses would one need to get this property? - First notice that $j: U\to S$ is affine if and only if $U\to X\times_S X$ is affine (to check this, one can suppose $S$ is affine, then use the facts that $X\times_S X$ is affine and $U$ is open in $X\times_S X$). So we are reduced to see whether $U$ is an affine scheme when $S$, and hence $X$ are affine. It is well known that then the complementary $\Delta(X)$ of $U$ in $X\times_S X$ is purely 1-codimensional. This is true essentially only when $X\to S$ has relative dimension $1$ (for reasonable schemes). In particular, if $X$ is any algebraic variety of dimension $d>1$, then $U$ can't be affine. Claim: Let $C$ be a smooth projective geometrically connected curve of genus $g$ over a field $k$, let $X\subset C$ be the complementary of $r$ points with $r+1-g >0$. Then $U$ is affine. Proof. We can suppose $k$ is algebraically closed (the affiness can be checked over any field extension). Let $D$ be the divisor $D=C\setminus X$ and $$H=D\times C+C\times D + \Delta(C).$$ Then $U=C\times C\setminus H$. It is enough to show that $H$ is an ample divisor on the smooth projective surface $C\times C$. To do this, we will use Nakai-Moishezon criterion (see Hartshorne, Theorem V.1.10). It is easy to see that $(D\times C)^2=0$ (because $D \sim D'$ with the support of $D'$ disjoint from that of $D$), $(D\times C).(C\times D)=r^2$, $(D\times C).\Delta(C)=r$, and $$\Delta(C)^2=\deg O_{C\times C}(\Delta(C))|_{\Delta(C)}=\deg \Omega_{C/k}^{-1}=2-2g.$$ Thus $H^2=2(r^2+r+1-g)>0$. Let $\Gamma$ be an irreducible curve on $C\times C$. If $\Gamma\ne \Delta(C)$, it is easy to see that $H.\Gamma>0$. On the other hand, $H.\Delta(C)=2r+2-2g=2(r+1-g)>0$ and we are done. I didn't check the details because it is time to sleep, but I believe the proof is essentially correct. EDIT (1). In the above claim, we can remove the condition $r+1-g>0$: Let $C$ be a smooth projective connected curve over a field $k$, let $X$ be an affine open subset of $C$. Then $U$ is affine. The proof is the same as above, but consider $H=n (D\times C+ C\times D)+\Delta(C)$ for $n > g-1$. The same proof shows that $H$ is ample. (2). Let $S$ be noetherian, and let $C\to S$ be a smooth projective morphism with one dimensional connected fibers, let $D$ be a closed subset of $C$ finite surjective over $S$. Let $X=C\setminus D$. Then $U$ is affine. Proof. One can see that $D$ is a relative Cartier divisor on $C$ (because $D_s$ is a Cartier divisor for all $s\in S$). So the $H$ defined as above is a relative Cartier divisor on $C\times_S C$. We showed that $H_s$ is ample for all $s$. This implies that $H$ is relatively ample for $C\times_S C\to S$ (EGV III.4.7.1). So $U$ is affine. - Der QiL, it is perfectly correct, thanks a lot. What I don't see is if one can extract from this the claim for the relative situation, say $X$ the complement of the zero section of an elliptic curve $C$ over $S$. –  Cyril Jun 13 '12 at 7:28 @Cyril, I will add some details. –  user18119 Jun 13 '12 at 22:17 Thanks for the edit. Is it clear that the complement of a relatively ample divisor is affine relative $S$ or is there a reference for this? One knows of course that this is true fiberwise, but I think affineness is not a fiberwise property. –  Cyril Jun 14 '12 at 6:03 @Cyril, yes you are right. However affineness is local on the target, so we can always work with ''small'' $S$. Here $H$ is the trace of some hyperplane $L$ of some projective space $P/S$. As $H_s$ is ample for every $s\in S$, $L_s$ is a hyperplane in $P_s$. So in a small open neighborhood of $s$, $L$ is defined by a homogeneous polynomial of degree 1 whose coefficients generate the unit ideal in the base ring. Therefore $P\setminus L$ (and thus $C\times_S \setminus H$ is affine). Hope this helps. –  user18119 Jun 14 '12 at 21:15 Thanks for clarifying this point. –  Cyril Jun 15 '12 at 5:41 (EDIT: deleted wrong answer, but left up for those reading comments- I had said affine two-space times itself over a line, but see below). - or easier, affine four space minus $(x, y, x, y)$ isn't affine (i.e. the base is a point and the scheme is a plane). –  user29743 Jun 12 '12 at 14:40 Dear countinghaus, I can't follow your argumentation. The set of points $(x,y,x,w)$ with $w\neq y$ looks to me like the complement of the (hyper)plane $w=y$ in affine three space $\mathbb A^3$ with coordinates $x,y,w$. Such a complement is affine (and actually isomorphic to $\mathbb A^2 \times \mathbb G_m$). –  Georges Elencwajg Jun 12 '12 at 17:45

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http://mathhelpforum.com/calculus/163120-curvilinear-integral-doubt-print.html

# Curvilinear integral doubt • November 13th 2010, 02:58 PM Ulysses Curvilinear integral doubt Hi. I have a doubt with this exercise. I'm not sure about what it asks me to do, when it asks me for the curvilinear integral. The exercise says: Calculate the next curvilinear integral: $\displaystyle\int_{C}^{}(x^2-2xy)dx+(y^2-2xy)dy$, C the arc of parabola $y=x^2$ which connect the point $(-2,4)$ y $(1,1)$ I've made a parametrization for C, thats easy: $\begin{Bmatrix} x=t \\y=t^2\end{matrix}$ $\begin{Bmatrix} x'(t)=1 \\y'(t)=2t\end{matrix}$ And then I've made this integral: $\displaystyle\int_{-2}^{1}t^2-2t^3+(t^4-2t^3)2t dt$ $\displaystyle\int_{a}^{b}F(\sigma(t))\sigma'(t)dt$ But now I don't know if I should use the module, I did this: $\displaystyle\int_{a}^{b}F(\sigma(t))\sigma'(t)dt$ and I dont know when I should use this: $\displaystyle\int_{a}^{b}F(\sigma(t)) \cdot ||\sigma'(t)||dt$ I mean, both are curvilinear integrals, right? I think that I understand what both cases means, but I don't know which one I should use when it asks me for the "curvilinear integral". The first case represents the area between the curve and the trajectory, and the second case represents the projection of a vector field over the trajectoriy, i.e. the work in a physical sense, but I know it have other interpretations and uses. Well, thats all. Bye there, thanks for posting. • November 13th 2010, 03:24 PM Prove It Quote: Originally Posted by Ulysses Hi. I have a doubt with this exercise. I'm not sure about what it asks me to do, when it asks me for the curvilinear integral. The exercise says: Calculate the next curvilinear integral: $\displaystyle\int_{C}^{}(x^2-2xy)dx+(y^2-2xy)dy$, C the arc of parabola $y=x^2$ which connect the point $(-2,4)$ y $(1,1)$ I've made a parametrization for C, thats easy: $\begin{Bmatrix} x=t \\y=t^2\end{matrix}$ $\begin{Bmatrix} x'(t)=1 \\y'(t)=2t\end{matrix}$ And then I've made this integral: $\displaystyle\int_{-2}^{1}t^2-2t^3+(t^4-2t^3)2t dt$ $\displaystyle\int_{a}^{b}F(\sigma(t))\sigma'(t)dt$ But now I don't know if I should use the module, I did this: $\displaystyle\int_{a}^{b}F(\sigma(t))\sigma'(t)dt$ and I dont know when I should use this: $\displaystyle\int_{a}^{b}F(\sigma(t)) \cdot ||\sigma'(t)||dt$ I mean, both are curvilinear integrals, right? I think that I understand what both cases means, but I don't know which one I should use when it asks me for the "curvilinear integral". The first case represents the area between the curve and the trajectory, and the second case represents the projection of a vector field over the trajectoriy, i.e. the work in a physical sense, but I know it have other interpretations and uses. Well, thats all. Bye there, thanks for posting. You're correct up to $\displaystyle \int_{-2}^1{t^2 - 2t^3+(t^4 - 2t^3)2t\,dt}$ $\displaystyle = \int_{-2}^1{t^2 - 2t^3 + 2t^5 - 4t^4\,dt}$. Go from here.

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http://www.computer.org/csdl/trans/tc/2009/03/ttc2009030351-abs.html

Publication 2009 Issue No. 3 - March Abstract - Cooperative Token-Ring Scheduling For Input-Queued Switches Cooperative Token-Ring Scheduling For Input-Queued Switches March 2009 (vol. 58 no. 3) pp. 351-364 ASCII Text x Amir Gourgy, Ted H. Szymanski, "Cooperative Token-Ring Scheduling For Input-Queued Switches," IEEE Transactions on Computers, vol. 58, no. 3, pp. 351-364, March, 2009. BibTex x @article{ 10.1109/TC.2008.178,author = {Amir Gourgy and Ted H. Szymanski},title = {Cooperative Token-Ring Scheduling For Input-Queued Switches},journal ={IEEE Transactions on Computers},volume = {58},number = {3},issn = {0018-9340},year = {2009},pages = {351-364},doi = {http://doi.ieeecomputersociety.org/10.1109/TC.2008.178},publisher = {IEEE Computer Society},address = {Los Alamitos, CA, USA},} RefWorks Procite/RefMan/Endnote x TY - JOURJO - IEEE Transactions on ComputersTI - Cooperative Token-Ring Scheduling For Input-Queued SwitchesIS - 3SN - 0018-9340SP351EP364EPD - 351-364A1 - Amir Gourgy, A1 - Ted H. Szymanski, PY - 2009KW - Switch scheduling KW - quality of serviceKW - input-queued switchKW - parallel prefixVL - 58JA - IEEE Transactions on ComputersER - Amir Gourgy, McMaster University, Hamilton Ted H. Szymanski, McMaster University, Hamilton We present a novel distributed scheduling paradigm for Internet routers with input-queued (IQ) switches, called cooperative token-ring (CTR) that provides significant performance improvement over existing scheduling schemes with comparable complexity. Many classical schedulers for IQ switches employ round-robin arbiters, which can be viewed as non-cooperative token-rings, where a separate token is used to resolve contention for each shared resource (e.g., an output port) and each input port acquires a token oblivious of the state of other input ports. Although classical round-robin scheduling schemes achieve fairness and high throughput for uniform traffic, under non-uniform traffic the performance degrades significantly. We show that by using a simple cooperative mechanism between the otherwise non-cooperative arbiters, the performance can be significantly improved. The CTR scheduler dynamically adapts to non-uniform traffic patterns and achieves essentially 100% throughput. The proposed cooperative mechanism is conceptually simple and is supported by experimental results. To provide adequate support for rate guarantees in IQ switches, we present a weighted cooperative token-ring, a simple hierarchical scheduling mechanism. Finally, we analyze the hardware complexity introduced by the cooperative mechanism and describe an optimal hardware implementation for an N × N switch with time complexity of Θ(log N) and circuit size of Θ(N \\log N) per port. [1] Cisco 12000 Series-Internet Routers, http:/www.cisco.com, 2004. [2] C. Partridge , P.P. Carvey , E. Burgess , I. Castineyra , T. Clarke , L. Graham , M. Hathaway , P. Herman , A. King , S. Kohalmi , T. Ma , J. Mcallen , T. Mendez , W.C. Milliken , R. Pettyjohn , J. Rokosz , J. Seeger , M. Sollins , S. Storch , B. Tober , G.D. Troxel , D. Waitzman , and S. Winterble , “A 50-Gb/s IP Router,” IEEE/ACM Trans. Networking, vol. 6, no. 3, pp. 237-248, June 1998. [3] M. Karol , M. Hluchyj , and S. Morgan , “Input versus Output Queueing on a Space-Division Switch,” IEEE Trans. Comm., vol. 35, pp. 1347-1356, Dec. 1987. [4] T. Anderson , S.S. Owicki , J.B. Saxe , and C.P. Thacker , “High Speed Switch Scheduling for Local Area Networks,” ACM Trans. Computer Systems, vol. 11, no. 4, pp. 319-352, Nov. 1993. [5] N. McKeown , A. Mekkittikul , V. Anantharam , and J. Walrand , “Achieving 100% Throughput in an Input-Queued Switch,” IEEE Trans. Comm., vol. 47, no. 8, pp. 1260-1267, Aug. 1999. [6] N. Nan and L.N. Bhuyan , “Fair Scheduling in Internet Routers,” IEEE Trans. Computers, vol. 51, no. 6, pp. 686-701, June 2002. [7] X. Zhang and L.N. Bhuyan , “Deficit Round Robin Scheduling for Input-Queued Switches,” IEEE J. Selected Areas in Comm., vol. 21, no. 4, pp. 584-594, May 2003. [8] D. Pan and Y. Yang , “FIFO-Based Multicast Scheduling Algorithm for Virtual Output Queued Packet Switches,” IEEE Trans. Computers, vol. 54, no. 10, pp. 1283-1297, Oct. 2005. [9] N. McKeown , “The iSLIP Scheduling Algorithm for Input-Queued Switches,” IEEE/ACM Trans. Networking, vol. 7, no. 2, pp. 188-201, Apr. 1999. [10] H.J. Chao , “Saturn: A Terabit Packet Switch Using Dual Round-Robin,” IEEE Comm. Magazine, vol. 38, no. 12, pp. 78-84, Dec. 2000. [11] Y. Li , “Design and Analysis of Scheduling for High Speed Input Queued Switches,” PhD dissertation, Polytechnic Univ., Jan. 2004. [12] C.S. Chang , D.S. Lee , and Y.S. Jou , “Load Balanced Birkhoff-Von Neumann Switches, Part I: One-Stage Buffering,” Computer Comm., vol. 25, pp. 611-622, 2002. [13] D. Serpanos and P. Antoniadis , “Firm: A Class of Distributed Scheduling Algorithms for High-Speed ATM Switches with Multiple Input Queues,” Proc. IEEE INFOCOM '00, vol. 2, pp.548-555, Mar. 2000. [14] N. McKeown , “Scheduling Algorithms for Input-Queued Cell Switches,” PhD dissertation, Univ. of California, Berkeley, 1995. [15] A. Mekkittikul , “Scheduling Non-Uniform Traffic in High Speed Packet Switches and Routers,” PhD dissertation, Stanford Univ., Nov. 1998. [16] M. Marsan , A. Bianco , E. Leonardi , and L. Milia , “RPA: A Flexible Scheduling Algorithm for Input Buffered Switches,” IEEE Trans. Comm., vol. 47, no. 12, pp. 1921-1933, Dec. 1999. [17] H. Duan , J.W. Lockwood , and S.M. Kang , “Matrix Unit Cell Scheduler (MUCS) for Input-Buffered ATM Switches,” IEEE Comm. Letters, vol. 2, no. 1, pp. 20-23, Jan. 1998. [18] L. Tassiulas , “Linear Complexity Algorithms for Maximum Throughput in Radio Networks and Input Queued Switches,” Proc. IEEE INFOCOM '98, pp. 533-539, 1998. [19] P. Giaccone , B. Prabhakar , and D. Shah , “Randomized Scheduling Algorithms for High-Aggregate Bandwidth Switches,” IEEE J. Selected Areas Comm., vol. 21, no. 4, pp. 546-559, May 2003. [20] Y. Li , S. Panwar , and J.H. Chao , “The Dual Round-Robin Matching Switch with Exhaustive Service,” Proc. Workshop High Performance Switching and Routing (HPSR '02), pp. 58-63, May 2002. [21] A. Gourgy , “On Packet Switch Scheduling in High-Speed Data Networks,” PhD dissertation, McMaster Univ., Mar. 2006. [22] P. Gupta and N. McKeown , “Design and Implementation of a Fast Crossbar Scheduler,” IEEE Micro, vol. 19, no. 1, pp. 20-28, Jan./Feb. 1999. [23] N.P. Forum , Switch Fabric Benchmarking Group Documents: Switch Fabric Benchmark Test Suites (NPF 2002.276.08), Performance Testing Methodology for Fabric Benchmarking (NPF 2003.213.06), Fabric Benchmarking Traffic Models, Fabric Benchmarking Performance Metrics, Switch Fabric Benchmarking Framework, http:/www.npforum.org/, 2004. [24] M.E. Crovella and A. Bestavros , “Self-Similarity in World Wide Web Traffic: Evidence and Possible Causes,” IEEE/ACM Trans. Networking, vol. 5, no. 6, pp. 835-846, Dec. 1997. [25] Y. Li , S. Panwar , and H.J. Chao , “On the Performance of a Dual Round-Robin Switch,” Proc. IEEE INFOCOM '01, pp. 1688-1697, Apr. 2001. [26] Y. Kim and H.J. Chao , “Performance of Exhaustive Matching Algorithms for Input-Queued Switches,” Proc. IEEE Int'l Conf. Comm. (ICC '03), vol. 3, pp. 1817-1822, May 2003. [27] D. Stiliadis and A. Varma , “Providing Bandwidth Guarantees in an Input-Buffered Crossbar Switch,” Proc. IEEE INFOCOM '95, pp. 960-968, Apr. 1995. [28] R. Ladner and M. Fischer , “Parallel Prefix Computation,” J. ACM, vol. 27, no. 4, pp. 831-838, Oct. 1980. Index Terms: Switch scheduling , quality of service, input-queued switch, parallel prefix Citation: Amir Gourgy, Ted H. Szymanski, "Cooperative Token-Ring Scheduling For Input-Queued Switches," IEEE Transactions on Computers, vol. 58, no. 3, pp. 351-364, March 2009, doi:10.1109/TC.2008.178

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https://scicomp.stackexchange.com/questions/10866/updating-an-approximate-solution-to-a-linear-system-in-response-to-a-small-chang

Updating an approximate solution to a linear system in response to a small change This question was original posted on SO but it was suggested that I post it here. I'm working on a program in which I have a banded matrix M and a vector b, and I want to maintain an approximate solution vector x such that Mxb. Is there a speedy algorithm or way of modeling this so that I can change individual elements of M and correspondingly update x, without having to do a full matrix inversion? One thing I'm considering is maintaining an approximate inverse of M, using the Sherman Morrison Algorithm in combination with a fast approximate matrix multiplication algorithm like this. Apologies for what will probably be a comment-answer hybrid (and a comment probably too long to fit in the comment box). One thing you say in your question is that you want an approximate solution vector. Have you considered iterative methods? There, the approximate inverse of $M$ could be used as a preconditioner in concert with some iterative method (GMRES, BiCGStab, etc.) to maintain approximate solution vectors, and the approximate solution for one linear system could then be used as an initial guess for the solution of a perturbed linear system. To update the preconditioner in response to single-element (or low-rank) perturbations, you could use Sherman-Morrison(-Woodbury). Depending on the perturbation, the approximate inverse may still be an effective preconditioner even without updating. I don't know how fast approximate matrix multiplication might degrade the solution of an iterative linear system; I would guess that it would be more forgiving in forming the preconditioner, since that can be approximate. After forming the preconditioner, I would stick to standard matrix-vector products for the solver iterations (for GMRES iterations, or whatever iterative method you consider using). Of course, this entire discussion might be moot, depending on the size of $M$. If it's sufficiently small, it might be worth just solving every time; I assume it's relatively large, or we wouldn't be having this discussion. • Yes, M is very big. Could you by chance link to some descriptions of these iterative methods? I'm a scientific computation newbie. – Chris Conlon Feb 23 '14 at 21:51 • Saad's textbook, Iterative Methods for Sparse Linear Systems is available online. A quicker introduction to some of these methods is The Idea Behind Krylov Methods. – Geoff Oxberry Feb 23 '14 at 21:58 • These methods works only for sparse matrices? – mrgloom Sep 29 '14 at 9:24 • @mrgloom: Iterative methods can also work for dense matrices, but direct methods are typically used, except in cases where you have a good preconditioner for iterative methods, or there is some exploitable special structure. – Geoff Oxberry Sep 29 '14 at 17:37

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https://stats.libretexts.org/Courses/Lake_Tahoe_Community_College/Support_Course_for_Elementary_Statistics%3A__ISP/03%3A_Operations_on_Numbers/3.03%3A_Powers_and_Roots

3.3: Powers and Roots Learning Outcomes 1. Raise a number to a power using technology. 2. Take the square root of a number using technology. 3. Apply the order of operations when there is root or a power. It can be a challenge when we first try to use technology to raise a number to a power or take a square root of a number. In this section, we will go over some pointers on how to successfully take powers and roots of a number. We will also continue our practice with the order of operations, remembering that as long as there are no parentheses, exponents always come before all other operations. We will see that taking a power of a number comes up in probability and taking a root comes up in finding standard deviations. Powers Just about every calculator, computer, and smartphone can take powers of a number. We just need to remember that the symbol "^" is used to mean "to the power of". We also need to remember to use parentheses if we need to force other arithmetic to come before the exponentiation. Example $$\PageIndex{1}$$ Evaluate: $$1.04^5$$ and round to two decimal places. Solution This definitely calls for the use of technology. Most calculators, whether hand calculators or computer calculators, use the symbol "^" (shift 6 on the keyboard) for exponentiation. We type in: $1.04^5 = 1.2166529\nonumber$ We are asked to round to two decimal places. Since the third decimal place is a 6 which is 5 or greater, we round up to get: $1.04^5\approx1.22\nonumber$ Example $$\PageIndex{2}$$ Evaluate: $$2.8^{5.3\times0.17}$$ and round to two decimal places. Solution First note that on a computer we use "*" (shift 8) to represent multiplication. If we were to put in 2.8 ^ 5.3 * 0.17 into the calculator, we would get the wrong answer, since it will perform the exponentiation before the multiplication. Since the original question has the multiplication inside the exponent, we have to force the calculator to perform the multiplication first. We can ensure that multiplication occurs first by including parentheses: $2.8 ^{5.3 \times 0.17} = 2.52865\nonumber$ Now round to decimal places to get: $2.8^{5.3\times0.17}\approx2.53\nonumber$ Example $$\PageIndex{3}$$ If we want to find the probability that if we toss a six sided die five times that the first two rolls will each be a 1 or a 2 and the last three die rolls will be even, then the probability is: $\left(\frac{1}{3}\right)^2\:\times\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)^3\nonumber$ What is this probability rounded to three decimal places? Solution We find: $(1 / 3) ^ 2 (1 / 2) ^ 3 \approx 0.013888889\nonumber$ Now round to three decimal places to get $\left(\frac{1}{3}\right)^2\:\times\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)^3 \approx0.014\nonumber$ Square Roots Square roots come up often in statistics, especially when we are looking at standard deviations. We need to be able to use a calculator or computer to compute a square root of a number. There are two approaches that usually work. The first approach is to use the $$\sqrt{\:\:}$$ symbol on the calculator if there is one. For a computer, using sqrt() usually works. For example if you put 10*sqrt(2) in the Google search bar, it will show you 14.1421356. A second way that works for pretty much any calculator, whether it is a hand held calculator or a computer calculator, is to realize that the square root of a number is the same thing as the number to the 1/2 power. In order to not have to wrap 1/2 in parentheses, it is easier to type in the number to the 0.5 power. Example $$\PageIndex{3}$$ Evaluate $$\sqrt{42}$$ and round your answer to two decimal places. Solution Depending on the technology you are using you will either enter the square root symbol and then the number 42 and then close the parentheses if they are presented and then hit enter. If you are using a computer, you can use sqrt(42). The third way that will work for both is to enter: $42^{0.5} \approx 6.4807407\nonumber$ You must then round to two decimal places. Since 0 is less than 5, we round down to get: $\sqrt{42}\approx6.48\nonumber$ Example $$\PageIndex{4}$$ The "z-score" is for the value of 28 for a sampling distribution with sample size 60 coming from a population with mean 28.3 and standard deviation 5 is defined by: $z=\frac{28-28.3}{\frac{5}{\sqrt{60}}}\nonumber$ Find the z-score rounded to two decimal places. Solution We have to be careful about the order of operations when putting it into the calculator. We enter: $(28 - 28.3)/(5 / 60 ^\wedge 0.5) = -0.464758\nonumber$ Finally, we round to 2 decimal places. Since 4 is smaller than 5, we round down to get: $z=\frac{28-28.3}{\frac{5}{\sqrt{60}}}=-0.46\nonumber$ Exercise The standard error, which is an average of how far sample means are from the population mean is defined by: $\sigma_\bar x=\frac{\sigma}{\sqrt{n}}\nonumber$ where $$\sigma_\bar x$$ is the standard error, $$\sigma$$ is the standard deviation, and $$n$$ is the sample size. Find the standard error if the population standard deviation, $$\sigma$$, is 14 and the sample size, $$n$$, is 11.

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https://export.arxiv.org/abs/2103.00080

quant-ph (what is this?) # Title: Topological Uhlmann phase transitions for a spin-j particle in a magnetic field Abstract: The generalization of the geometric phase to the realm of mixed states is known as Uhlmann phase. Recently, applications of this concept to the field of topological insulators have been made and an experimental observation of a characteristic critical temperature at which the topological Uhlmann phase disappears has also been reported. Surprisingly, to our knowledge, the Uhlmann phase of such a paradigmatic system as the spin-$j$ particle in presence of a slowly rotating magnetic field has not been reported to date. Here we study the case of such a system in a thermal ensemble. We find that the Uhlmann phase is given by the argument of a complex valued second kind Chebyshev polynomial of order $2j$. Correspondingly, the Uhlmann phase displays $2j$ singularities, occurying at the roots of such polynomials which define critical temperatures at which the system undergoes topological order transitions. Appealing to the argument principle of complex analysis each topological order is characterized by a winding number, which happen to be $2j$ for the ground state and decrease by unity each time increasing temperature passes through a critical value. We hope this study encourages experimental verification of this phenomenon of thermal control of topological properties, as has already been done for the spin-$1/2$ particle. Subjects: Quantum Physics (quant-ph) Journal reference: Phys. Rev. A 103, 042221 (2021) DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevA.103.042221 Cite as: arXiv:2103.00080 [quant-ph] (or arXiv:2103.00080v1 [quant-ph] for this version) ## Submission history From: Jesús A. Maytorena [view email] [v1] Fri, 26 Feb 2021 23:01:00 GMT (655kb,D) Link back to: arXiv, form interface, contact.

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https://smltar.com/mloverview.html

# Overview It’s time to use what we have discussed and learned in the first five chapters of this book in a supervised machine learning context, to make predictions from text data. In the next two chapters, we will focus on putting into practice such machine learning algorithms as: • naive Bayes, • support vector machines (SVM) , and • regularized linear models such as implemented in glmnet . We start in Chapter 6 with exploring regression models and continue in Chapter 7 with classification models. These are different types of prediction problems, but in both, we can use the tools of supervised machine learning to connect our input, which may exist entirely or partly as text data, with our outcome of interest. Most supervised models for text data are built with one of three purposes in mind: • The main goal of a predictive model is to generate the most accurate predictions possible. • An inferential model is created to test a hypothesis or draw conclusions about a population. • The main purpose of a descriptive model is to describe the properties of the observed data. Many learning algorithms can be used for more than one of these purposes. Concerns about a model’s predictive capacity may be as important for an inferential or descriptive model as for a model designed purely for prediction, and model interpretability and explainability may be important for a solely predictive or descriptive model as well as for an inferential model. We will use the tidymodels framework to address all of these issues, with its consistent approach to resampling, preprocessing, fitting, and evaluation. The tidymodels framework is a collection of R packages for modeling and machine learning using tidyverse principles . These packages facilitate resampling, preprocessing, modeling, and evaluation. There are core packages that you can load all together via library(tidymodels) and then extra packages for more specific tasks. As you read through these next chapters, notice the modeling process moving through these stages; we’ll discuss the structure of this process in more detail in the overview for the deep learning chapters. Before we start fitting these models to real data sets, let’s consider how to think about algorithmic bias for predictive modeling. Rachel Thomas proposed a checklist at ODSC West 2019 for algorithmic bias in machine learning. ## Should we even be doing this? This is always the first step. Machine learning algorithms involve math and data, but that does not mean they are neutral. They can be used for purposes that are helpful, harmful, or even unethical. ## What bias is already in the data? Chapter 6 uses a data set of United States Supreme Court opinions, with an uneven distribution of years. There are many more opinions from more recent decades than from earlier ones. Bias like this is extremely common in data sets and must be considered in modeling. In this case, we show how using regularized linear models results in better predictions across years than other approaches (Section 6.3). ## Can the code and data be audited? In the case of this book, the code and data are all publicly available. You as a reader can audit our methods and what kinds of bias exist in the data sets. When you take what you have learned in this book and apply it your real-world work, consider how accessible your code and data are to internal and external stakeholders. ## What are the error rates for sub-groups? In Section 7.6 we demonstrate how to measure model performance for a multiclass classifier, but you can also compute model metrics for sub-groups that are not explicitly in your model as class labels or predictors. Using tidy data principles and the yardstick package makes this task well within the reach of data practitioners. In tidymodels, the yardstick package has functions for model evaluation. ## What is the accuracy of a simple rule-based alternative? Chapter 7 shows how to train models to predict the category of a user complaint using sophisticated preprocessing steps and machine learning algorithms, but such a complaint could be categorized using simple regular expressions (Appendix A), perhaps combined with other rules. Straightforward heuristics are easy to implement, maintain, and audit, compared to machine learning models; consider comparing the accuracy of models to simpler options. ## What processes are in place to handle appeals or mistakes? If models such as those built in Chapter 7 were put into production by an organization, what would happen if a complaint was classified incorrectly? We as data practitioners typically (hopefully) have a reasonable estimate of the true positive rate and true negative rate for models we train, so processes to handle misclassifications can be built with a good understanding of how often they will be used. ## How diverse is the team that built it? The two-person team that wrote this book includes perspectives from a man and woman, and from someone who has always lived inside the United States and someone who is from a European country. However, we are both white with similar educational backgrounds. We must be aware of how the limited life experiences of individuals training and assessing machine learning models can cause unintentional harm. ### References Boser, B. E., Guyon, I. M., and Vapnik, V. N. 1992. “A Training Algorithm for Optimal Margin Classifiers.” In Proceedings of the Fifth Annual Workshop on Computational Learning Theory, 144–152. COLT ’92. New York, NY: Association for Computing Machinery. https://doi.org/10.1145/130385.130401. Friedman, J. H., Hastie, T., and Tibshirani, R. 2010. “Regularization Paths for Generalized Linear Models via Coordinate Descent.” Journal of Statistical Software, Articles 33 (1): 1–22. https://www.jstatsoft.org/v033/i01. Kuhn, M., and Vaughan, D. 2021a. yardstick: Tidy Characterizations of Model Performance. R package version 0.0.8. https://CRAN.R-project.org/package=yardstick. Kuhn, M., and Wickham, H. 2021a. “Tidymodels: A Collection of Packages for Modeling and Machine Learning Using Tidyverse Principles.” RStudio PBC. https://www.tidymodels.org. Wickham, H., Averick, M., Bryan, J., Chang, W., McGowan, L. D., François, R., Grolemund, G., et al. 2019. “Welcome to the Tidyverse.” Journal of Open Source Software 4 (43). The Open Journal: 1686. https://doi.org/10.21105/joss.01686.

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http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/45119yx3(v=vs.80).aspx

# toupper, _toupper, towupper, _toupper_l, _towupper_l Visual Studio 2005 Convert character to uppercase. ``` int toupper( int c ); int _toupper( int c ); int towupper( wint_t c ); int _toupper_l( int c , _locale_t locale ); int _towupper_l( wint_t c , _locale_t locale ); ``` #### Parameters c Character to convert. locale Locale to use. ## Return Value Each of these routines converts a copy of c, if possible, and returns the result. If c is a wide character for which iswlower is nonzero and there is a corresponding wide character for which iswupper is nonzero, towupper returns the corresponding wide character; otherwise, towupper returns c unchanged. There is no return value reserved to indicate an error. In order for toupper to give the expected results, __isascii and islower must both return nonzero. ## Remarks Each of these routines converts a given lowercase letter to an uppercase letter if possible and appropriate. The case conversion of towupper is locale-specific. Only the characters relevant to the current locale are changed in case. The functions without the _l suffix use the currently set locale. The versions of these functions with the _l suffix take the locale as a parameter and use that instead of the currently set locale. In order for toupper to give the expected results, __isascii and isupper must both return nonzero. Generic-Text Routine Mappings TCHAR.H routine _UNICODE & _MBCS not defined _MBCS defined _UNICODE defined _totupper toupper _mbctoupper towupper _totupper_l _toupper_l _mbctoupper_l _towupper_l Note _toupper_l and _towupper_l have no locale dependence and are not meant to be called directly. They are provided for internal use by _totupper_l. ## Requirements toupper <ctype.h> ANSI, Windows 95, Windows 98, Windows 98 Second Edition, Windows Millennium Edition, Windows NT 4.0, Windows 2000, Windows XP Home Edition, Windows XP Professional, Windows Server 2003 _toupper <ctype.h> Windows 95, Windows 98, Windows 98 Second Edition, Windows Millennium Edition, Windows NT 4.0, Windows 2000, Windows XP Home Edition, Windows XP Professional, Windows Server 2003 towupper <ctype.h> or <wchar.h> Windows 95, Windows 98, Windows 98 Second Edition, Windows Millennium Edition, Windows NT 4.0, Windows 2000, Windows XP Home Edition, Windows XP Professional, Windows Server 2003 For additional compatibility information, see Compatibility in the Introduction. ## Example See the example in to Functions.

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http://math.stackexchange.com/users/72/isaac?tab=summary

Isaac Reputation 26,331 84/100 score 8 69 122 Impact ~1.6m people reached 107 Is $0.999999999\ldots = 1$? 87 Why $\sqrt{-1 \times {-1}} \neq \sqrt{-1}^2$? 74 Is there a general formula for solving 4th degree equations? 67 How to prove Euler's formula: $e^{it}=\cos t +i\sin t$? 56 Proof that the irrational numbers are uncountable ### Reputation (26,331) +5 Sum of the alternating harmonic series $\sum_{k=1}^{\infty}\frac{(-1)^{k+1}}{k} = \frac{1}{1} - \frac{1}{2} + \cdots$ +10 Why $\sqrt{-1 \times {-1}} \neq \sqrt{-1}^2$? +10 How to prove Euler's formula: $e^{it}=\cos t +i\sin t$? +10 Is there a general formula for solving 4th degree equations? ### Questions (20) 43 Proving that 1- and 2-d simple symmetric random walks return to the origin with probability 1 38 Bad Fraction Reduction That Actually Works 24 Sum of the alternating harmonic series $\sum_{k=1}^{\infty}\frac{(-1)^{k+1}}{k} = \frac{1}{1} - \frac{1}{2} + \cdots$ 23 Probability that a stick randomly broken in two places can form a triangle 21 Useful examples of pathological functions ### Tags (150) 597 algebra-precalculus × 128 177 complex-numbers × 11 518 geometry × 142 146 polynomials × 16 383 calculus × 72 145 fake-proofs × 4 293 trigonometry × 78 129 analytic-geometry × 45 185 euclidean-geometry × 44 116 arithmetic × 13 ### Accounts (40) Mathematics 26,331 rep 869122 Stack Overflow 6,040 rep 42946 Area 51 1,811 rep 3215 Mathematica 1,399 rep 1429 Meta Stack Exchange 547 rep 1316

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http://tex.stackexchange.com/questions/96686/change-color-of-itemize-in-beamer-alertblock/96700

# Change color of itemize in beamer alertblock How can I change the color of bullets in an itemize list within an alertblock in beamer? I use \setbeamercolor{itemize item}{<color>} to set the color of the bullets throughout the document. But I want a different color when the bullets are inside an alertblock environment. I've tried \setbeamercolor{block itemize item alerted}{<color>} and \setbeamercolor{block alerted itemize item}{<color>} but neither seems to do anything. Update: This is not the same question as Custom beamer blocks. I want to modify the alertblock environment. I don't want to create a new environment. - Does this question helps tex.stackexchange.com/questions/28760/custom-beamer-blocks –  karathan Feb 4 '13 at 6:26 I think it's almost the same question –  karathan Feb 4 '13 at 6:30 block itemize item alerted or block alerted itemize item doesn't exist. Here you can obtain a complete templates list. I think you will need to use @karathan link. –  Ignasi Feb 4 '13 at 8:44 That question was about creating new block environments. I was hoping to simply modify the existing alertblock environment. Perhaps it is not possible. –  Rob Hyndman Feb 4 '13 at 9:03 Just alter the parent structure: \documentclass{beamer} %title %body % parent of all alerts default is red \begin{document} \frame{ \begin{itemize} \item item \end{itemize} \begin{itemize} \item item \end{itemize} I would not recommend to use exactly this color scheme but it shows how itemize items and the background can be adjusted individually. This will effect enumerate environments and any other alert as well. Additional tipp: instead of guessing beamer templates which are not listed in the guide just look them up in the beamer<color/inner/outer>themedefault.sty files in the beamer tree. It doesn't work if you have ever been set a beamercolor for itemize with \setbeamercolor{itemize item}{fg=\colortheme, bg=white}. If I underdstand, default color of itemize is the structure color. How can I have itemize bullet with a different color than the structure and keep the fact that itemize color change inside a block ? –  Ger Oct 9 at 12:38

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http://mathhelpforum.com/algebra/88678-solved-multiplication-algerbraic-fractions.html

# Thread: [SOLVED] Multiplication of Algerbraic Fractions 1. ## [SOLVED] Multiplication of Algerbraic Fractions Q. Simplify: $\frac {4}{21 - 9x} \div \frac {8}{14 - 6x}$ this is the furthest i've gotten $\frac {4}{9(3 - x)} \times \frac {2(7 - 3x)}{8}$ the answer is: $\frac 1 3$ im not even sure if my working out so far is right . thanks 2. Originally Posted by waven Q. Simplify: $\frac {4}{21 - 9x} \div \frac {8}{14 - 6x}$ this is the furthest i've gotten $\frac {4}{9(3 - x)} \times \frac {2(7 - 3x)}{8}$ e^(i*pi) : 9 is not a factor of 21 the answer is: $\frac 1 3$ im not even sure if my working out so far is right . thanks $\frac {4}{21 - 9x} \div \frac {8}{14 - 6x} = \frac{4}{3(7-3x)} \times \frac{2(7-3x)}{8}$ The 2 and the 4 on the top will cancel with the 8 on the bottom and (7-3x) will cancel to give 1/3

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https://www.aimsciences.org/article/doi/10.3934/dcdsb.2020368

# American Institute of Mathematical Sciences ## Limit cycle bifurcations of piecewise smooth near-Hamiltonian systems with a switching curve 1. School of Mathematics and Statistics, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, Anhui, 241000, China a. Department of Mathematics Zhejiang Normal University Jinhua, Zhejiang, 321004, China b. Department of Mathematics Shanghai Normal University Shanghai, 200234, China * Corresponding author: M. Han Received  June 2019 Revised  July 2020 Published  December 2020 Fund Project: H. Tian is supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.12001012), Natural Science Foundation of Anhui Province (No. 2008085QA10) and Scientific Research Foundation for Scholars of Anhui Normal University. M. Han is supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 11931016 and 11771296) This paper deals with the number of limit cycles for planar piecewise smooth near-Hamiltonian or near-integrable systems with a switching curve. The main task is to establish a so-called first order Melnikov function which plays a crucial role in the study of the number of limit cycles bifurcated from a periodic annulus. We use the function to study Hopf bifurcation when the periodic annulus has an elementary center as its boundary. As applications, using the first order Melnikov function, we consider the number of limit cycles bifurcated from the periodic annulus of a linear center under piecewise linear polynomial perturbations with three kinds of quadratic switching curves. And we obtain three limit cycles for each case. Citation: Huanhuan Tian, Maoan Han. Limit cycle bifurcations of piecewise smooth near-Hamiltonian systems with a switching curve. Discrete & Continuous Dynamical Systems - B, doi: 10.3934/dcdsb.2020368 ##### References: show all references ##### References: The orbit $\widehat{AA_\epsilon}$ of system (4) The orbit $\widehat{AA_\epsilon}$ of system (31) Periodic orbits and switching curve of system (34)$|_{\epsilon = 0}$ [1] Jihua Yang, Erli Zhang, Mei Liu. Limit cycle bifurcations of a piecewise smooth Hamiltonian system with a generalized heteroclinic loop through a cusp. Communications on Pure & Applied Analysis, 2017, 16 (6) : 2321-2336. doi: 10.3934/cpaa.2017114 [2] Jihua Yang, Liqin Zhao. Limit cycle bifurcations for piecewise smooth integrable differential systems. Discrete & Continuous Dynamical Systems - B, 2017, 22 (6) : 2417-2425. doi: 10.3934/dcdsb.2017123 [3] Meilan Cai, Maoan Han. Limit cycle bifurcations in a class of piecewise smooth cubic systems with multiple parameters. Communications on Pure & Applied Analysis, 2021, 20 (1) : 55-75. doi: 10.3934/cpaa.2020257 [4] Dingheng Pi. Limit cycles for regularized piecewise smooth systems with a switching manifold of codimension two. Discrete & Continuous Dynamical Systems - B, 2019, 24 (2) : 881-905. doi: 10.3934/dcdsb.2018211 [5] Shanshan Liu, Maoan Han. Bifurcation of limit cycles in a family of piecewise smooth systems via averaging theory. Discrete & Continuous Dynamical Systems - S, 2020, 13 (11) : 3115-3124. doi: 10.3934/dcdss.2020133 [6] Lijun Wei, Xiang Zhang. Limit cycle bifurcations near generalized homoclinic loop in piecewise smooth differential systems. Discrete & Continuous Dynamical Systems, 2016, 36 (5) : 2803-2825. doi: 10.3934/dcds.2016.36.2803 [7] Kazuyuki Yagasaki. Application of the subharmonic Melnikov method to piecewise-smooth systems. Discrete & Continuous Dynamical Systems, 2013, 33 (5) : 2189-2209. doi: 10.3934/dcds.2013.33.2189 [8] Dingheng Pi. Periodic orbits for double regularization of piecewise smooth systems with a switching manifold of codimension two. Discrete & Continuous Dynamical Systems - B, 2021  doi: 10.3934/dcdsb.2021080 [9] Fangfang Jiang, Junping Shi, Qing-guo Wang, Jitao Sun. On the existence and uniqueness of a limit cycle for a Liénard system with a discontinuity line. Communications on Pure & Applied Analysis, 2016, 15 (6) : 2509-2526. doi: 10.3934/cpaa.2016047 [10] Sze-Bi Hsu, Junping Shi. Relaxation oscillation profile of limit cycle in predator-prey system. Discrete & Continuous Dynamical Systems - B, 2009, 11 (4) : 893-911. doi: 10.3934/dcdsb.2009.11.893 [11] Bourama Toni. Upper bounds for limit cycle bifurcation from an isochronous period annulus via a birational linearization. Conference Publications, 2005, 2005 (Special) : 846-853. doi: 10.3934/proc.2005.2005.846 [12] Qiongwei Huang, Jiashi Tang. Bifurcation of a limit cycle in the ac-driven complex Ginzburg-Landau equation. Discrete & Continuous Dynamical Systems - B, 2010, 14 (1) : 129-141. doi: 10.3934/dcdsb.2010.14.129 [13] Yurong Li, Zhengdong Du. Applying battelli-fečkan's method to transversal heteroclinic bifurcation in piecewise smooth systems. Discrete & Continuous Dynamical Systems - B, 2019, 24 (11) : 6025-6052. doi: 10.3934/dcdsb.2019119 [14] Yilei Tang. Global dynamics and bifurcation of planar piecewise smooth quadratic quasi-homogeneous differential systems. Discrete & Continuous Dynamical Systems, 2018, 38 (4) : 2029-2046. doi: 10.3934/dcds.2018082 [15] Yulin Zhao, Siming Zhu. Higher order Melnikov function for a quartic hamiltonian with cuspidal loop. Discrete & Continuous Dynamical Systems, 2002, 8 (4) : 995-1018. doi: 10.3934/dcds.2002.8.995 [16] Zeng Zhang, Zhaoyang Yin. Global existence for a two-component Camassa-Holm system with an arbitrary smooth function. Discrete & Continuous Dynamical Systems, 2018, 38 (11) : 5523-5536. doi: 10.3934/dcds.2018243 [17] Zhiqin Qiao, Deming Zhu, Qiuying Lu. Bifurcation of a heterodimensional cycle with weak inclination flip. Discrete & Continuous Dynamical Systems - B, 2012, 17 (3) : 1009-1025. doi: 10.3934/dcdsb.2012.17.1009 [18] Hassan Emamirad, Philippe Rogeon. Semiclassical limit of Husimi function. Discrete & Continuous Dynamical Systems - S, 2013, 6 (3) : 669-676. doi: 10.3934/dcdss.2013.6.669 [19] Ben Niu, Weihua Jiang. Dynamics of a limit cycle oscillator with extended delay feedback. Discrete & Continuous Dynamical Systems - B, 2013, 18 (5) : 1439-1458. doi: 10.3934/dcdsb.2013.18.1439 [20] Valery A. Gaiko. The geometry of limit cycle bifurcations in polynomial dynamical systems. Conference Publications, 2011, 2011 (Special) : 447-456. doi: 10.3934/proc.2011.2011.447 2019 Impact Factor: 1.27

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https://worldwidescience.org/topicpages/s/scott+bakula+hppas.html

#### Sample records for scott bakula hppas 1. Scott S Snyder Home; Journals; Pramana – Journal of Physics. Scott S Snyder. Articles written in Pramana – Journal of Physics. Volume 62 Issue 3 March 2004 pp 565-568 Experimental Particle Physics. Prospects for Higgs search at DØ · Scott S Snyder DØ Collaboration · More Details Abstract Fulltext PDF. The status of the Higgs search ... 2. Citation for Scott Doney Glover, David M.; Doney, Scott “A man of genius makes no mistakes. His errors are volitional and are the portals of discovery. James Joyce, Ulysses (1922). ”After collaborating with Scott Doney for the past 14 years I know what Joyce meant. When working with someone as bright as Scott it inevitably happens that you just don't understand. And because we're trained skeptics the question immediately arises, ”has our friend and colleague made a mistake?“ But we're wrong; we just didn't see the portal through which people like Scott had already proceeded. Certainly this is what we reserve these awards of ‘outstandingness’ for; those whose insight lead through the portals of discovery”. 3. Metric Scott analysis Ben Yaacov, I.; Doucha, Michal; Nies, A.; Tsankov, T. 2017-01-01 Roč. 318, October (2017), s. 46-87 ISSN 0001-8708 Institutional support: RVO:67985840 Keywords : continuous logic * infinitary logic * Scott sentence Subject RIV: BA - General Mathematics OBOR OECD: Pure mathematics Impact factor: 1.373, year: 2016 http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0001870816309896?via%3Dihub 4. Blanco White and Walter Scott Blanco white y Walter Scott Fernando DURÁN LÓPEZ 2011-01-01 Full Text Available The first edition of Ivanhoe; a romance. By the author of Waverley was published in Edinburgh in 1820. From the beginning of year 1823, José María Blanco White translated several excerpts from Ivanhoe in the numbers 1-3 of the magazine Variedades, owned by the publisher Rudolph Ackermann. in these articles and other later writings, the translator praised Scott as a model for a new way of painting history in a narrative. This paper studies his ideas on Scott’s historical novel, as well as his translation technique, compared with that of José Joaquín de Mora. En 1820 se publicó en Edimburgo la primera edición de Ivanhoe; a romance. By the author of Waverley. Desde comienzos de 1823, en los tres primeros números de su revista Variedades, promovida por el editor Rudolph Ackermann, José María Blanco White tradujo varios fragmentos de Ivanhoe entre grandes elogios. Asimismo, Blanco White tomó a Scott como modelo de referencia de una nueva manera de pintar la historia por medio de la novela en otros varios escritos críticos de años posteriores. El artículo estudia las ideas de Blanco White acerca de la novela histórica de Scott y su técnica como traductor, comparada con la de José Joaquín Mora. 5. Collaborations Between Scott and Skidmore Alicia Robinson 2017-04-01 Full Text Available This essay examines the collaboration between architect and designer George Gilbert Scott and metalworker Francis Skidmore. It compares their metalwork screens at the cathedrals of Hereford, Lichfield, and Salisbury—projects which sometimes overlapped and were all completed in the relatively short time span between 1861 and 1870—within the wider context of Skidmore’s career. While Scott was lauded in his lifetime and has been much studied since, Skidmore has not often been written about, despite having achieved an impressive scale and pace of work in British cathedrals, parish churches, and town halls. This essay therefore shines particular light on Skidmore’s work as designer and maker, and particularly the high profile commissions for these great cathedrals, restored and enhanced with the aesthetics and ambition of the Victorian era. 6. Scott Brothers Windows and Doors Information Sheet Scott Brothers Windows and Doors (the Company) is located in Bridgeville, Pennsylvania. The settlement involves renovation activities conducted at property constructed prior to 1978, located in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. 7. Knudsen effects in a Scott effect experiment. Wells, C. W.; Wood, L. T.; Hildebrandt, A. F. 1973-01-01 A thermal torque sometimes observed in Scott effect measurements has been studied experimentally and an explanation for the thermal torque proposed. The magnitude of the thermal torque can be comparable to the Scott torque depending on geometrical and thermal anisotropies. The thermal torque is predicted to decrease with application of an axial magnetic field. 8. Genetics Home Reference: Aarskog-Scott syndrome ... A characteristic of X-linked inheritance is that fathers cannot pass X-linked traits to their sons. Evidence suggests that Aarskog-Scott syndrome is inherited in an autosomal dominant or autosomal recessive pattern in some families, although ... 9. ASK Talks with W. Scott Cameron Cameron, W. Scott 2002-01-01 This paper presents an interview with Scott Cameron who is the Capital Systems Manager for the Food and Beverage Global Business Unit of Procter and Gamble. He has been managing capital projects and mentoring other project managers for the past 20 years at Procter and Gamble within its Beauty Care, Health Care, Food and Beverage, and Fabric and Home Care Businesses. Scott also has been an Academy Sharing Knowledge (ASK) feature writer since Volume One. 10. Sir Charles Scott Sherrington (1857–1952) Twentieth century bore witness to remarkable scientists whohave advanced our understanding of the brain. Among them,Sir Charles Scott Sherrington's ideas about the way in whichthe central nervous system operates has continuing relevanceeven today. He received honorary doctorates from twentytwouniversities and ... 11. Thinking Visually: An Interview with Scott Bennett. Gamble, Harriet 2002-01-01 Presents an interview with Scott Bennett, an artist of abstract art and traditional craft. Focuses on issues such as the role of art in his life, how his art has developed over time, and his process of creating his works of art. Includes directions for a glazing project. (CMK) 12. Generalization of the Moszkovski-Scott method Balbutsev, E.B. 1976-01-01 A constant separation parameter is proposed to be used in the Moszkovski-Scott method for solving the Bethe-Goldstone equation. After such a modification one can apply the method to odd states of relative motion, not only to even ones. Some essential inaccuracies of the original method are eliminated, as well 13. Interview met professor Joan Wallach Scott Bijl, Greetje; Tijhoff, Esmeralda 2012-01-01 Joan Scott, professor at the School of Social Science in the Institute for Avanced Study in Princeton, New Jersey (USA), was the keynote speaker at the conference 'Uitsluitend emancipatie' in de Beurs van Berlage in Amsterdam in October 2012. An interview on gender, history, feminism and her book 14. Reframing Michael Scott: Exploring Inappropriate Workplace Communication Schaefer, Zachary A. 2010-01-01 Individuals who work in professional settings interact with others who may exhibit a variety of cultural beliefs and decision-making approaches. Page (2007) argues that cognitive diversity (i.e., how people approach and attempt to solve problems) is a vital asset in effective organizations. Michael Scott, who portrays the inept main character on… 15. Sir Charles Scott Sherrington (1857–1952) 2016-08-26 Aug 26, 2016 ... Twentieth century bore witness to remarkable scientists whohave advanced our understanding of the brain. Among them,Sir Charles Scott Sherrington's ideas about the way in whichthe central nervous system operates has continuing relevanceeven today. He received honorary doctorates from ... 16. Astronaut Scott Parazynski during egress training 1994-01-01 Astronaut Scott E. Parazynski looks at fellow STS-66 mission specialist Joseph R. Tanner, (foreground) during a rehearsal of procedures to be followed during the launch and entry phases of their scheduled November 1994 flight. This rehearsal, held in the crew compartment trainer (CCT) of JSC's Shuttle mockup and integration laboratory, was followed by a training session on emergency egress procedures. 17. STS-100 Crew Interview: Scott Parazynski 2001-01-01 STS-100 Mission Specialist Scott Parazynski is seen being interviewed. He answers questions about his inspiration to become an astronaut and his career path. He gives details on the mission's goals and significance, the rendezvous and docking of Endeavour with the International Space Station (ISS), the mission's spacewalks, and installation and capabilities of the Space Station robotic arm, UHF antenna, and Rafaello Logistics Module. Parazynski then discusses his views about space exploration as it becomes an international collaboration. 18. Generative complexity of Gray-Scott model 2018-03-01 In the Gray-Scott reaction-diffusion system one reactant is constantly fed in the system, another reactant is reproduced by consuming the supplied reactant and also converted to an inert product. The rate of feeding one reactant in the system and the rate of removing another reactant from the system determine configurations of concentration profiles: stripes, spots, waves. We calculate the generative complexity-a morphological complexity of concentration profiles grown from a point-wise perturbation of the medium-of the Gray-Scott system for a range of the feeding and removal rates. The morphological complexity is evaluated using Shannon entropy, Simpson diversity, approximation of Lempel-Ziv complexity, and expressivity (Shannon entropy divided by space-filling). We analyse behaviour of the systems with highest values of the generative morphological complexity and show that the Gray-Scott systems expressing highest levels of the complexity are composed of the wave-fragments (similar to wave-fragments in sub-excitable media) and travelling localisations (similar to quasi-dissipative solitons and gliders in Conway's Game of Life). 19. STS-106 Crew Interviews: Scott D. Altman 2000-01-01 Live footage of a preflight interview with Pilot Scott D. Altman is seen. The interview addresses many different questions including why Altman became a pilot, the events that led to his interest, his career path through the Navy, and then finally, his selection by NASA as an astronaut. Other interesting information discussed in this one-on-one interview was his work on the movie set of "Top Gun," the highlights of his Navy career, and possible shorter time frame turnarounds for missions. Altman also mentions the scheduled docking with the new International Space Station (ISS) after the arrival of the Zvezda Service Module. 20. STS-105 Crew Interview: Scott Horowitz 2001-01-01 STS-105 Commander Scott Horowitz is seen during a prelaunch interview. He answers questions about his inspiration to become an astronaut, his career path, training for the mission, and his role in the mission's activities. He gives details on the mission's goals, which include the transfer of supplies from the Discovery Orbiter to the International Space Station (ISS) and the change-over of the Expedition 2 and Expedition 3 crews (the resident crews of ISS). Horowitz discusses the importance of the ISS in the future of human spaceflight. 1. STS-82 Pilot Scott Horowitz at SLF 1997-01-01 STS-82 Pilot Scott J. 'Doc' Horowitz flashes a wide grin for photographers after he lands his T-38 jet at KSCs Shuttle Landing Facility. Horowitz and the other six members of the STS-82 crew came from their home base at Johnson Space Center in Houston, TX, to spend the last few days before launch at KSC. STS-82 is scheduled for liftoff on Feb. 11 during a 65-minute launch window which opens at 3:56 a.m. EST. The 10-day flight aboard the Space Shuttle Discovery will be the second Hubble Space Telescope servicing mission. 2. STS-103 Crew Interviews: Scott Kelly 1999-01-01 Live footage of a preflight interview with Pilot Scott J. Kelly is seen. The interview addresses many different questions including why Kelly became an astronaut, the events that led to his interest, any role models that he had, and his inspiration. Other interesting information that this one-on-one interview discusses is an explanation of the why this required mission to service the Hubble Space Telescope must take place at such an early date, replacement of the gyroscopes, transistors, and computers. Also discussed are the Chandra X Ray Astrophysics Facility, and a brief touch on Kelly's responsibility during any of the given four space walks scheduled for this mission. 3. STS-101 Crew Interview / Scott Horowitz 2000-01-01 Live footage of a preflight interview with Pilot Scott J. Horowitz is seen. The interview addresses many different questions including why Horowitz became an astronaut, the events that led to his interest, any role models that he had, and his inspiration. Other interesting information that this one-on-one interview discusses is the reaction and reasons for the splitting-up of the objectives for STS-101 with STS-106. Horowitz also mentions the scheduled space-walk, docking with the International Space Station (ISS), the new glass cockpit of Atlantis, the repairs of equipment and change of the batteries. Horowitz also discusses his responsibilities during the space-walk, and docking of the spacecraft. He stresses that he will have an added challenge during the space-walk, his inability to see where he needs to place the Extravehicular Activities (EVA) crew. 4. Mission Specialist Scott Parazynski arrives at KSC 1998-01-01 STS-95 Mission Specialist Scott E. Parazynski notes the time on his watch upon his late arrival aboard a T-38 jet at the Shuttle Landing Facility. Parazynski's first plane experienced problems at the stop at Tyndall AFB and he had to wait for another jet and pilot to finish the flight to KSC. He joined other crewmembers Mission Commander Curtis L. Brown Jr., Pilot Steven W. Lindsey, Mission Specialist Stephen K. Robinson, Payload Specialist John H. Glenn Jr., senator from Ohio, Mission Specialist Pedro Duque, with the European Space Agency (ESA), and Payload Specialist Chiaki Mukai, with the National Space Development Agency of Japan (NASDA), for final pre-launch preparations. STS-95 is expected to launch at 2 p.m. EST on Oct. 29, last 8 days, 21 hours and 49 minutes, and land at 11:49 a.m. EST on Nov. 7. 5. Listening in the Silences for Fred Newton Scott Mastrangelo, Lisa 2009-01-01 As part of her recent sabbatical, the author proposed going to the University of Michigan Bentley Archives to do research on Fred Newton Scott, founder and chair of the Department of Rhetoric and teacher from 1889 to 1926 at the University of Michigan. Scott ran the only graduate program in rhetoric and composition in the country between those… 6. Philip Glass, Scott Walker ja Sigur Ros! / Immo Mihkelson Mihkelson, Immo, 1959- 2007-01-01 Pimedate Ööde 11. filmifestivali muusikafilme - Austraalia "Glass: Philipi portree 12 osas" (rež. Scott Hicks), Islandi "Sigur Ros kodus" (rež. Dean DeBois), Suurbritannia "Scott Walker: 30 Century Man" (rež. Stephen Kijak) 7. STS-87 Mission Specialist Winston E. Scott suits up 1997-01-01 STS-87 Mission Specialist Winston Scott dons his launch and entry suit with the assistance of a suit technician in the Operations and Checkout Building. This is Scotts second space flight. He and the five other crew members will depart shortly for Launch Pad 39B, where the Space Shuttle Columbia awaits liftoff on a 16-day mission to perform microgravity and solar research. Scott is scheduled to perform an extravehicular activity spacewalk with Mission Specialist Takao Doi, Ph.D., of the National Space Development Agency of Japan, during STS-87. He also performed a spacewalk on STS-72. 8. Relativistic Scott correction in self-generated magnetic fields Erdos, Laszlo; Fournais, Søren; Solovej, Jan Philip 2012-01-01 /3}$and it is unchanged by including the self-generated magnetic field. We prove the first correction term to this energy, the so-called Scott correction of the form$S(\\alpha Z) Z^2$. The current paper extends the result of \\cite{SSS} on the Scott correction for relativistic molecules to include a self......-generated magnetic field. Furthermore, we show that the corresponding Scott correction function$S$, first identified in \\cite{SSS}, is unchanged by including a magnetic field. We also prove new Lieb-Thirring inequalities for the relativistic kinetic energy with magnetic fields.... 9. Astronauts Armstrong and Scott arrive at Hickam Field, Hawaii 1966-01-01 Astronauts Neil A. Armstrong (center), command pilot, and David R. Scott, pilot, arrive at Hickam Field, Hawaii on their way from Naha, Okinawa, to Cape Kennedy, Florida. Astronaut Walter M. Schirra Jr. is at extreme left. 10. Astronauts Armstrong and Scott during photo session outside KSC 1966-01-01 Astronauts Neil A. Armstrong (left), command pilot, and David R. Scott, pilot, the Gemini 8 prime crew, during a photo session outside the Kennedy Space Center (KSC) Mission Control Center. They are standing in front of a radar dish. 11. Wave-splitting in the bistable Gray-Scott model Rasmussen, K.E.; Mazin, W.; Mosekilde, Erik 1996-01-01 The Gray-Scott model describes a chemical reaction in which an activator species grows autocatalytically on a continuously fed substrate. For certain feed rates and activator life times the model shows the coexistence of two homogeneous steady states. The blue state, where the activator concentra......The Gray-Scott model describes a chemical reaction in which an activator species grows autocatalytically on a continuously fed substrate. For certain feed rates and activator life times the model shows the coexistence of two homogeneous steady states. The blue state, where the activator... 12. Theorizing Steampunk in Scott Westerfeld's YA Series Leviathan Mielke, Tammy L.; LaHaie, Jeanne M. 2015-01-01 In this article, we offer an explanation of steampunk and theorize the genre and its functions within Scott Westerfeld's YA series Leviathan. In order to do so, we examine the "cogs" of the genre machine and its use of nostalgic longing for a revised past/future to rebel against present day cultural norms. Critics note that steampunk… 13. Walter Dill Scott and the Student Personnel Movement Biddix, J. Patrick; Schwartz, Robert A. 2012-01-01 Walter Dill Scott (1869-1955), tenth president of Northwestern University and pioneer of industrial psychology, is an essential architect of student personnel work. This study of his accomplishments, drawing on records from the Northwestern University archives, tells a story about the people he influenced and his involvement in codifying what was… 14. Scott Morgan Johnson Middle School: Personalization Leads to Unlimited Success Principal Leadership, 2013 2013-01-01 The well-known lyrics may be "The Eyes of Texas Are Upon You," but at Scott Morgan Johnson Middle School in McKinney, TX, it's definitely the "eye of the tiger" that sets the bar for Tiger PRIDE (perseverance, respect, integrity, determination, and excellence). This article describes how those ideals have been infused… 15. 2015-2016 Expense report for Scott Gilmore | IDRC - International ... 2015-07-13 2015-2016 Expense report for Scott Gilmore. Total travel expenses: CA$31.46. Download expense report. July 13, 2015 to July 14, 2015. CA$31.46. What we do · Funding · Resources · About IDRC. Knowledge. Innovation. Solutions. Careers · Contact Us · Site map. Sign up now for IDRC news and views sent directly to ... 16. Nursery Pest Management of Phytolyma lata Walker (Scott) Attack ... The establishment of plantations of Milicia excelsa has been constrained by the gall-forming psyllid Phytolyma lata Walker (Scott) that causes extensive damage to young plants. We present findings of an experiment aimed at preventing Phytolyma attack on Milicia seedlings in the nursery using chemical control and ... 17. Astronauts Scott and Armstrong undergoe water egress training 1966-01-01 Astronauts Neil A. Armstrong (on left), command pilot, and David R. Scott, pilot of the Gemini 8 prime crew, use a boilerplate model of a Gemini spacecraft during water egress training in the Gulf of Mexico. Three Manned Spacecraft Center swimmers assist in the training exercise. 18. PEOPLE IN PHYSICS: Interview with Scott Durow, Software Engineer, Oxford Burton, Conducted by Paul 1998-05-01 Scott Durow was educated at Bootham School, York. He studied Physics, Mathematics and Chemistry to A-level and went on to Nottingham University to read Medical Physics. After graduating from Nottingham he embarked on his present career as a Software Engineer based in Oxford. He is a musician in his spare time, as a member of a band and playing the French horn. 19. Scott Fitzgerald: famous writer, alcoholism and probable epilepsy Mariana M. Wolski Full Text Available ABSTRACT Scott Fitzgerald, a world-renowned American writer, suffered from various health problems, particularly alcohol dependence, and died suddenly at the age of 44. According to descriptions in A Moveable Feast, by Ernest Hemingway, Fitzgerald had episodes resembling complex partial seizures, raising the possibility of temporal lobe epilepsy. 20. Astronaut Scott Parazynski in hatch of CCT during training 1994-01-01 Astronaut Scott E. Parazynski, STS-66 mission specialist, poses near the hatchway of the crew compartment trainer (CCT) (out of frame) in JSC's Shuttle mockup and integration laboratory. Crew members were about to begin a rehearsal of procedures to be followed during the launch and entry phases of their flight. That rehearsal was followed by a training session on emergency egress procedures. 1. 77 FR 7182 - Scott W. Houghton, M.D.; Decision and Order 2012-02-10 ... DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE Drug Enforcement Administration [Docket No. 12-09] Scott W. Houghton, M.D... CFR 0.100(b), I order that DEA Certificate of Registration BH8796077, issued to Scott W. Houghton, M.D., be, and it hereby is, revoked. I further order that any pending application of Scott W. Houghton, M.D... 2. John Scott Haldane: The father of oxygen therapy K C Sekhar 2014-01-01 Full Text Available John Scott Haldane was a versatile genius who solved several problems of great practical significance. His ability to look beyond the laboratory and investigate theory added crucial findings in the field of respiratory physiology. His work on high altitude physiology, diving physiology, oxygen therapy, and carbon monoxide poisoning led to a sea change in clinical medicine and improved safety and reduced mortality and morbidity in many high risk situations. 3. Cerebrovascular disease associated with Aarskog-Scott syndrome DiLuna, Michael L.; Amankulor, Nduka M.; Gunel, Murat [Yale University School of Medicine, Department of Neurosurgery, New Haven, CT (United States); Johnson, Michele H. [Yale University School of Medicine, Department of Diagnostic Radiology, New Haven, CT (United States) 2007-05-15 Faciogenital dysplasia, also known as Aarskog-Scott syndrome (AAS), is an X-linked dominant congenital disorder characterized by multiple facial, musculoskeletal, dental, neurological and urogenital abnormalities, ocular manifestations, congenital heart defects, low IQ and behavioral problems. Here we describe an unusual presentation of dysplastic carotid artery, basilar artery malformation or occlusion and posterior circulation aneurysm in a 13-year-old male with AAS. (orig.) 4. Cerebrovascular disease associated with Aarskog-Scott syndrome DiLuna, Michael L.; Amankulor, Nduka M.; Gunel, Murat; Johnson, Michele H. 2007-01-01 Faciogenital dysplasia, also known as Aarskog-Scott syndrome (AAS), is an X-linked dominant congenital disorder characterized by multiple facial, musculoskeletal, dental, neurological and urogenital abnormalities, ocular manifestations, congenital heart defects, low IQ and behavioral problems. Here we describe an unusual presentation of dysplastic carotid artery, basilar artery malformation or occlusion and posterior circulation aneurysm in a 13-year-old male with AAS. (orig.) 5. STS-82 Pilot Scott Horowitz arrives for TCDT 1997-01-01 STS-82 Pilot Scott J. 'Doc' Horowitz arrives at KSCs Shuttle Landing Facility in a T-38 jet from Houston, TX. Horowitz and the other six crew members are at KSC to participate in the Terminal Countdown Demonstration Test (TCDT), a dress rehearsal for launch. The crew aboard the Space Shuttle Discovery on STS-82 will conduct the second Hubble Space Telescope servicing mission. The 10-day flight is targeted for a Feb. 11 liftoff. 6. STS-90 Pilot Scott Altman in white room before launch 1998-01-01 STS-90 Pilot Scott Altman is assisted by NASA and USA closeout crew members immediately preceding launch for the nearly 17-day Neurolab mission. Investigations during the Neurolab mission will focus on the effects of microgravity on the nervous system. Linnehan and six fellow crew members will shortly enter the orbiter at KSC's Launch Pad 39B, where the Space Shuttle Columbia will lift off during a launch window that opens at 2:19 p.m. EDT, April 17. 7. Aldred scott warthin: Pathologist and teacher par excellence Vineeth G Nair 2017-01-01 Full Text Available Born in 1866, Aldred Scott Warthin was a pathologist and teacher of great repute. Even though many know him from his eponyms, the true value of his achievements, and how far he was ahead of his peers, is known to but a few modern day medical students. It was in fact, based on his work, that Henry Lynch came up with his theories on the genetic nature of cancer. He died in 1931 leaving a lot of work unfinished. 8. On Scott-Phillips' General Account of Communication. Planer, Ronald J 2017-12-01 The purpose of this paper is to critically engage with a recent attempt by Thom Scott-Phillips to offer a general account of communication. As a general account, it is intended to apply equally well to both non-human and human interactions which are prima facie communicative in character. However, so far, Scott-Phillips has provided little detail regarding how his account is supposed to apply to the latter set of cases. After presenting what I take to be the most plausible way of filling in those details, I argue that his account would appear to be too narrow: it (minimally) fails to capture a range of human interactions which strike us as instances of communication. To wit, these are cases in which some but not all of the information an act is designed to convey to a reactor actually reaches that reactor. An alternative account incorporating Scott-Phillips' main insights is then sketched, and it is suggested that this account, or something like it, would accommodate the full range of non-human and human interactions that are intuitively communicative. 9. STS-82 Pilot Scott J. 'Doc' Horowitz Suit Up 1997-01-01 STS-82 Pilot Scott J. 'Doc' Horowitz puts on a glove of his launch and entry suit with assistance from a suit technician in the Operations and Checkout Building. This is Horowitz''';s second space flight. He and the six other crew members will depart shortly for Launch Pad 39A, where the Space Shuttle Discovery awaits liftoff on a 10-day mission to service the orbiting Hubble Space Telescope (HST). This will be the second HST servicing mission. Four back-to-back spacewalks are planned. 10. STS-90 Pilot Scott Altman arrives at KSC for TCDT 1998-01-01 STS-90 Pilot Scott Altman poses in the cockpit of his T-38 jet trainer aircraft after arriving at the KSC Shuttle Landing Facility along with other members of the crew from NASAs Johnson Space Center to begin Terminal Countdown Demonstration Test (TCDT) activities. The TCDT is held at KSC prior to each Space Shuttle flight to provide crews with the opportunity to participate in simulated countdown activities. Columbia is targeted for launch of STS-90 on April 16 at 2:19 p.m. EST and will be the second mission of 1998. The mission is scheduled to last nearly 17 days. 11. Mission Specialist Scott Parazynski arrives late at KSC 1998-01-01 The T-38 jet aircraft arrives at the Shuttle Landing Facility carrying STS-95 Mission Specialist Scott E. Parazynski (second seat). The pilot is astronaut Kent Rominger. Parazynski's first plane experienced problems at the stop at Tyndall AFB and he had to wait for another jet and pilot to finish the flight to KSC. He joined other crewmembers Mission Commander Curtis L. Brown Jr., Pilot Steven W. Lindsey, Mission Specialist Stephen K. Robinson, Payload Specialist John H. Glenn Jr., senator from Ohio, Mission Specialist Pedro Duque, with the European Space Agency (ESA), and Payload Specialist Chiaki Mukai, with the National Space Development Agency of Japan (NASDA), for final pre-launch preparations. STS-95 is expected to launch at 2 p.m. EST on Oct. 29, last 8 days, 21 hours and 49 minutes, and land at 11:49 a.m. EST on Nov. 7. 12. STS-90 Pilot Scott Altman is suited up for launch 1998-01-01 STS-90 Pilot Scott Altman is assisted during suit-up activities by Lockheed Suit Technician Valerie McNeil from Johnson Space Center in KSC's Operations and Checkout Building. Altman and the rest of the STS-90 crew will shortly depart for Launch Pad 39B, where the Space Shuttle Columbia awaits a second liftoff attempt at 2:19 p.m. EDT. His first trip into space, Altman is participating in a life sciences research flight that will focus on the most complex and least understood part of the human body - - the nervous system. Neurolab will examine the effects of spaceflight on the brain, spinal cord, peripheral nerves and sensory organs in the human body. 13. Mission Specialist Scott Parazynski checks his flight suit 1998-01-01 STS-95 Mission Specialist Scott E. Parazynski gets help with his flight suit in the Operations and Checkout Building from a suit technician George Brittingham. The final fitting takes place prior to the crew walkout and transport to Launch Pad 39B. Targeted for launch at 2 p.m. EST on Oct. 29, the mission is expected to last 8 days, 21 hours and 49 minutes, and return to KSC at 11:49 a.m. EST on Nov. 7. The STS-95 mission includes research payloads such as the Spartan solar-observing deployable spacecraft, the Hubble Space Telescope Orbital Systems Test Platform, the International Extreme Ultraviolet Hitchhiker, as well as the SPACEHAB single module with experiments on space flight and the aging process. 14. The Great Kanto earthquake and F. Scott Fitzgerald Kawakatsu, Hitoshi; Bina, Craig R. How many recall the following striking sentence from The Great Gatsby by F. Scott Fitzgerald, which appears on the second page of the novel, where Fitzgerald first introduces Gatsby? “If personality is an unbroken series of successful gestures, then there was something gorgeous about him, some heightened sensitivity to the promises of life, as if he were related to one of those intricate machines that register earthquakes ten thousand miles away.”This line may have failed to focus our attention when we first read the book in our younger days. Now, however, as a Japanese seismologist and an American geophysicist (and student of Japanese culture), we would be greatly remiss for failing to take greater note of this statement. Indeed, as The Great Gatsby was published in 1925, it occurred to us that the earthquake Fitzgerald might have been thinking of was the Great Kanto earthquake, which occurred on September 1, 1923 and devastated the Tokyo metropolitan area. 15. 78 FR 77791 - Dakota, Minnesota & Eastern Railroad Corporation-Abandonment Exemption-in Scott County, Iowa 2013-12-24 ... DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION Surface Transportation Board [Docket No. AB 337 (Sub-No. 7X)] Dakota, Minnesota & Eastern Railroad Corporation--Abandonment Exemption--in Scott County, Iowa Dakota, Minnesota... as Blackhawk Spur, between milepost 0.33+/- and milepost 0.99 +/- in Scott County, Iowa (the Line... 16. An estimating function approach to inference for inhomogeneous Neyman-Scott processes Waagepetersen, Rasmus Plenge “This paper is concerned with inference for a certain class of inhomogeneous Neyman-Scott point processes depending on spatial covariates. Regression parameter estimates obtained from a simple estimating function are shown to be asymptotically normal when the “mother” intensity for the Neyman-Scott... 17. 78 FR 5854 - Application of Scott Air, LLC for Certificate Authority 2013-01-28 ... DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION Office of the Secretary Application of Scott Air, LLC for Certificate Authority AGENCY: Department of Transportation. ACTION: Notice of order to show cause (Order 2013-1-12... to show cause why it should not issue an order finding Scott Air, LLC fit, willing, and able, and... 18. 78 FR 60929 - Notice of Public Meeting of the Fort Scott Council 2013-10-02 .... Such requests must be stated prominently at the beginning of the comments. The Trust will make... PRESIDIO TRUST Notice of Public Meeting of the Fort Scott Council AGENCY: The Presidio Trust... Scott Council (Council) will be held from 10 a.m. to 12:30 p.m. on Thursday, October 17, 2013. The... 19. W. Richard Scott, Institutions and Organizations: Ideas, Interests, and Identities Jakobsen, Michael 2014-01-01 Book review of: W. Richard Scott: Institutions and Organizations: Ideas, Interests, and Identities. 4th edition. Thousand Oaks, CA: SAGE Publications, 2014. xiii, 345 pp.......Book review of: W. Richard Scott: Institutions and Organizations: Ideas, Interests, and Identities. 4th edition. Thousand Oaks, CA: SAGE Publications, 2014. xiii, 345 pp.... 20. Executive dysfunctions as part of the behavioural phenotype of Aarskog-Scott syndrome Egger, J.I.M.; Verhoeven, W.M.A.; Janssen, G.T.L.; Aken, L. van; Hoogeboom, A.J.M. 2012-01-01 Introduction Aarskog syndrome (AAS) also called Aarskog-Scott syndrome faciodigitogenital syndrome or faciogenital dysplasia is a genetically heterogeneous developmental disorder, first described in 1970 by the Norwegian pediatrician Dagfin Aarskog and further delineated by Scott in 1971. It is a 1. Heroes for the past and present: a century of remembering Amundsen and Scott. Roberts, Peder 2011-12-01 In 1911-1912 Roald Amundsen and Robert Falcon Scott led rival parties in a race to the geographic South Pole. While both parties reached the Pole--Amundsen first--Scott's men died on the return journey. Amundsen became a Norwegian icon through his record-setting travels; Scott became a symbol of courage and devotion to science. The memory of each was invoked at various points during the twentieth century in the context of contemporary Antarctic events. Scott's status as a scientific figure was central to the Scott Polar Research Institute, while Amundsen's lack of scientific legacy became a way for British polar explorers to differentiate themselves from Norwegian contemporaries during the interwar years. After 1945 Scott and Amundsen were again invoked as exemplars of national polar achievement, even as the rise of large-scale science on the continent overshadowed past British and Norwegian achievements. In the present Amundsen and Scott remain wedded to particular values, focused respectively on national achievement and sacrifice in the name of science, while their race has become secondary. Copyright © 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. 2. Professor John Scott, folate and neural tube defects. Hoffbrand, A Victor 2014-02-01 John Scott (1940-2013) was born in Dublin where he was to spend the rest of his career, both as an undergraduate and subsequently Professor of Biochemistry and Nutrition at Trinity College. His research with the talented group of scientists and clinicians that he led has had a substantial impact on our understanding of folate metabolism, mechanisms of its catabolism and deficiency. His research established the leading theory of folate involvement with vitamin B12 in the pathogenesis of vitamin B12 neuropathy. He helped to establish the normal daily intake of folate and the increased requirements needed either in food or as a supplement before and during pregnancy to prevent neural tube defects. He also suggested a dietary supplement of vitamin B12 before and during pregnancy to reduce the risk of neural tube defects. It would be an appropriate epitaph if fortification of food with folic acid became mandatory in the UK and Ireland, as it is in over 70 other countries. © 2013 John Wiley & Sons Ltd. 3. STS-103 Pilot Scott Kelly during TCDT activities 1999-01-01 STS-103 Pilot Scott J. Kelly is ready to take his turn at driving a small armored personnel carrier that is part of emergency egress training during Terminal Countdown Demonstration Test (TCDT) activities. Behind him (left) is Mission Specialist Jean-Frangois Clervoy of France, who is with the European Space Agency. At right is Mission Specialist Steven L. Smith. The tracked vehicle could be used by the crew in the event of an emergency at the pad during which the crew must make a quick exit from the area. The TCDT also provides simulated countdown exercises and opportunities to inspect the mission payloads in the orbiter's payload bay. STS-103 is a 'call-up' mission due to the need to replace and repair portions of the Hubble Space Telescope. Although Hubble is operating normally and conducting its scientific observations, only three of its six gyroscopes are working properly. Four EVA's are planned to make the necessary repairs and replacements on the telescope. The other STS-103 crew members are Commander Curtis L. Brown Jr. and Mission Specialists C. Michael Foale (Ph.D.), John M. Grunsfeld (Ph.D.), and Claude Nicollier of Switzerland, who also is with the European Space Agency. The mission is targeted for launch Dec. 6 at 2:37 a.m. EST. 4. Aurora 7 the Mercury space flight of M. Scott Carpenter Burgess, Colin 2016-01-01 TO A NATION enthralled by the heroic exploits of the Mercury astronauts, the launch of Lt. Cmdr. Scott Carpenter on NASA’s second orbital space flight was a renewed cause for pride, jubilation and celebration. Within hours, that excitement had given way to stunned disbelief and anxiety as shaken broadcasters began preparing the American public for the very real possibility that an American astronaut and his spacecraft may have been lost at sea. In fact, it had been a very close call. Completely out of fuel and forced to manually guide Aurora 7 through the frightening inferno of re-entry, Carpenter brought the Mercury spacecraft down to a safe splashdown in the ocean. In doing so, he controversially overshot the intended landing zone. Despite his efforts, Carpenter’s performance on the MA-7 mission was later derided by powerful figures within NASA. He would never fly into space again. Taking temporary leave of NASA, Carpenter participated in the U.S. Navy’s pioneering Sealab program. For a record 30 days... 5. Ron Scott d/b/a White Dog Painting Information Sheet Ron Scott d/b/a White Dog Painting (the Company) is located in Kansas City, Missouri. The settlement involves renovation activities conducted at property constructed prior to 1978, located in Kansas City, Missouri. 6. Marion duPont Scott Equine Medical Center uses innovative lameness treatment Lee, Kate 2009-01-01 Virginia Tech's Marion duPont Scott Equine Medical Center is now offering an equine lameness therapy that prevents further degeneration of the affected joint and offers a longer-lasting benefit than traditional steroid treatment. 7. Eesti tervishoid on tõesti hea. Aitäh, USA! / Scott Abel Abel, Scott 2010-01-01 Ameeriklane Scott Abel kirjutab, et president Barack Obama tervishoiureform mõjutab arstiabi ka Eestis. Vastukaja artiklile: Turay, Abdul. Kindla individualismi traditsioon // Postimees (2010) 30. märts, lk. 12 8. An Overview of Justice in Sir Walter Scott Waverley Novels: The Heart of Mid-Lothian Enrique García Díaz 2014-12-01 Full Text Available Although Sir Walter Scott is a well-known writer most of his readers know that he became an advocate in 1792, when he was admitted to the bar. Since then Scott and other advocates walked the floor at Parliament House (home of the Faculty of Advocates and the Court of Session waiting to be hired. Scott’s own experiences as a fledgling advocate are echoed in those of Alain Fairford in his novel Redgauntlet (Scott 1824, which provides a vivid picture of Parliament House in the eighteenth century. During his life, Scott combined extensive writing and editing issues with his daily work as Clerk of Session and Sheriff-Depute of Selkirkshire. Walter Scott was not unaware of Justice and Law and The Heart of Mid-Lothian is the novel in which he introduces to the reader the Scottish Legal System during the eighteenth century. However, there are few more examples that I will explain. Aunque Sir Walter Scott es un conocido escritor, la mayoría de sus lectores saben que en 1792 se hizo abogado, cuando fue admitido en el colegio de abogados. Desde entonces Scott y otros abogados rondaron el Parlamento con la esperanza de ser contratados. Las propias experiencias de Scott como un abogado novel se reflejan en las de Alain Fairford en su novela Redgauntlet (Scott 1824, lo que ofrece una vívida imagen del Parlamento (sede de la facultad de Derecho y Tribunal Supremo en el siglo XVIII. Durante su vida, Scott compaginó una profusa actividad como escritor y editor con su trabajo diario como juez en Selkirk. Walter Scott conocía la justicia y el derecho y El corazón de Mid-Lothian es la novela en la presenta al lector el régimen jurídico de Escocia durante el siglo XVIII. Sin embargo, se explicarán algunos otros ejemplos. DOWNLOAD THIS PAPER FROM SSRN: http://ssrn.com/abstract=2543538 9. Under the Radar: The First Woman in Radio Astronomy, Ruby Payne-Scott Miller Goss, W. 2012-05-01 Under the Radar, the First Woman in Radio Astronomy, Ruby Payne-Scott W. Miller Goss, NRAO Socorro NM Ruby Payne-Scott (1912-1981) was an eminent Australian scientist who made major contributions to the WWII radar effort (CSIR) from 1941 to 1945. In late 1945, she pioneered radio astronomy efforts at Dover Heights in Sydney, Australia at a beautiful cliff top overlooking the Tasman Sea. Again at Dover Heights, Payne-Scott carried out the first interferometry in radio astronomy using an Australian Army radar antenna as a radio telescope at sun-rise, 26 January 1946. She continued these ground breaking activities until 1951. Ruby Payne-Scott played a major role in discovering and elucidating the properties of Type III bursts from the sun, the most common of the five classes of transient phenomena from the solar corona. These bursts are one of the most intensively studied forms of radio emission in all of astronomy. She is also one of the inventors of aperture synthesis in radio astronomy. I examine her career at the University of Sydney and her conflicts with the CSIR hierarchy concerning the rights of women in the work place, specifically equal wages and the lack of permanent status for married women. I also explore her membership in the Communist Party of Australia as well as her partially released Australian Scientific Intelligence Organization file. Payne-Scott’s role as a major participant in the flourishing radio astronomy research of the post war era remains a remarkable story. She had a number of strong collaborations with the pioneers of early radio astronomy in Australia: Pawsey, Mills, Christiansen, Bolton and Little. I am currently working on a popular version of the Payne-Scott story; “Making Waves, The Story of Ruby Payne-Scott: Australian Pioneer Radio Astronomer” will be published in 2013 by Springer in the Astronomers’ Universe Series. 10. The influence of the Scott effect on the determination of q0 Kruszewski, A.; Semeniuk, I. 1975-01-01 The statistical model for taking into account the Scott effect was constructed. The suggestion that clusters with exceptionally bright first-ranked cluster member possess fainter than average second and third-ranked galaxies is not substantiated by raw observational data. The first-ranked galaxies are brighter and less cluster richness dependent than expected from the statistical model. The bias due to the Scott effect may increase q 0 by up to 0.5 but with proper care it should be possible to take it into account even without employing complicated statistical models. (author) 11. Coretta Scott King Award Winner Javaka Steptoe Stands Tall "In Daddy's Arms." Peck, Jackie; Hendershot, Judy 1999-01-01 Offers an interview with artist and author Javaka Steptoe, winner of the Coretta Scott King award for his book "In Daddy's Arms I Am Tall: African Americans Celebrating Fathers." Discusses his background in the arts, the variety of media he uses, how he begins thinking about his illustrations, his work with children's art, and aspects of his work.… 12. Random attractors for stochastic lattice reversible Gray-Scott systems with additive noise Hongyan Li 2015-10-01 Full Text Available In this article, we prove the existence of a random attractor of the stochastic three-component reversible Gray-Scott system on infinite lattice with additive noise. We use a transformation of addition involved with Ornstein-Uhlenbeck process, for proving the pullback absorbing property and the pullback asymptotic compactness of the reaction diffusion system with cubic nonlinearity. 13. The Pleasures and Lessons of Academic Mythbusting: An Interview with Scott Lilienfeld Zinn, Tracy E. 2010-01-01 Scott O. Lilienfeld is a professor of psychology at Emory University, in Atlanta, Georgia. Dr. Lilienfeld is founder and editor of the journal, "Scientific Review of Mental Health Practice," and is past president of the Society for a Science of Clinical Psychology. He has been a member of 11 journal editorial boards, including the… 14. "I Have a Dream, Too!": The American Dream in Coretta Scott King Award-Winning Books Parsons, Linda T.; Castleman, Michele 2011-01-01 The Coretta Scott King (CSK) Award, instituted in 1969 and recognized as an official award by the American Library Association (ALA) in 1982, is conferred annually to an African American author and an illustrator for their outstanding contributions to literature about the Black experience for children and young adults. A partial impetus for the… 15. James Edward Scott: The Leadership Journey of a Senior-Level African American Student Affairs Officer Willis, Salatha T. 2013-01-01 The purpose of this study was to examine, understand, and describe the life, leadership, and influence of Dr. James Edward Scott on higher education and more specifically student affairs; as one of the most well-known and respected African American male chief student affairs officers in the late 20th and early 21st centuries. Using a qualitative… 16. Scott Foresman-Addison Wesley Elementary Mathematics. What Works Clearinghouse Intervention Report What Works Clearinghouse, 2010 2010-01-01 "Scott Foresman-Addison Wesley Elementary Mathematics" is a core curriculum for students at all ability levels in prekindergarten through grade 6. The program supports students' understanding of key math concepts and skills and covers a range of mathematical content across grades. The What Works Clearinghouse (WWC) reviewed 12 studies on… 17. Scott Foresman-Addison Wesley Elementary Mathematics. What Works Clearinghouse Intervention Report. Updated What Works Clearinghouse, 2013 2013-01-01 "Scott Foresman-Addison Wesley Elementary Mathematics" is a core mathematics curriculum for students in prekindergarten through grade 6. The program aims to improve students' understanding of key math concepts through problem-solving instruction, hands-on activities, and math problems that involve reading and writing. The curriculum… 18. An estimating function approach to inference for inhomogeneous Neyman-Scott processes Waagepetersen, Rasmus 2007-01-01 This article is concerned with inference for a certain class of inhomogeneous Neyman-Scott point processes depending on spatial covariates. Regression parameter estimates obtained from a simple estimating function are shown to be asymptotically normal when the "mother" intensity for the Neyman-Sc... 19. The Paradoxical World of The Great Gatsby by F. Scott Fitzgerald ŠANDEROVÁ, Milada 2015-01-01 In The Great Gatsby F. Scott Fitzgerald created a world of fundamental contradictions. Whether talking about the way the whole society works, the immense differences among social classes, the characters, or the tension between attributes of a particular character. Therefore, the goal of this bachelor thesis is to analyse the world of this novel as the world built on paradoxes. 20. Finality regained: A co-algebraic study of Scott-sets and Multisets D'Agostino, G.; Visser, A. 1999-01-01 In this paper we study iterated circular multisets in a coalgebraic frame- work. We will produce two essentially different universes of such sets. The unisets of the first universe will be shown to be precisely the sets of the Scott universe. The unisets of the second universe will be precisely 1. 78 FR 3479 - Notice of Public Meeting of Fort Scott Council 2013-01-16 ... submitted on cards that will be provided at the meeting, via mail to Laurie Fox, Presidio Trust, 103... stated prominently at the beginning of the comments. The Trust will make available for public inspection... PRESIDIO TRUST Notice of Public Meeting of Fort Scott Council AGENCY: The Presidio Trust. ACTION... 2. 76 FR 71611 - Notice of Establishment of the Fort Winfield Scott Advisory Committee 2011-11-18 ... (Committee''). The Committee will advise the Executive Director of the Presidio Trust on matters pertaining... of once every three months. Nominations: The Presidio Trust will consider nominations of all... PRESIDIO TRUST Notice of Establishment of the Fort Winfield Scott Advisory Committee AGENCY: The... 3. Distinguishing different types of inhomogeneity in Neyman-Scott point processes Mrkvička, Tomáš 2014-01-01 Roč. 16, č. 2 (2014), s. 385-395 ISSN 1387-5841 Institutional support: RVO:60077344 Keywords : clustering * growing clusters * inhomogeneous cluster centers * inhomogeneous point process * location dependent scaling * Neyman-Scott point process Subject RIV: BA - General Mathematics Impact factor: 0.913, year: 2014 4. Marion duPont Scott Equine Medical Center offers new treatment for lameness Musick, Marjorie 2006-01-01 The Virginia-Maryland Regional College of Veterinary Medicine's Marion duPont Scott Equine Medical Center has begun offering a new therapy for treating lameness associated with osteoarthritis and cartilage damage in horses, a problem that affects all segments of the equine industry. 5. 2015-2016 Travel and Hospitality Expense Reports for Scott Gilmore ... Ruxandra Staicu Purpose: Board meetings. Date(s):. 2015-07-13 to 2015-07-14. Destination(s):. Ottawa. Airfare: Other. Transportation:$31.46. Accommodation: Meals and. Incidentals: Other: Total: $31.46. Comments: 2015-2016 Travel and Hospitality Expense. Reports for Scott Gilmore, Governor. 6. Modernity in Two Great American Writers' Vision: Ernest Miller Hemingway and Scott Fitzgerald Keshmiri, Fahimeh; Darzikola, Shahla Sorkhabi 2016-01-01 Scott Fitzgerald and Ernest Hemingway, American memorable novelists have had philosophic ideas about modernity. In fact their idea about existential interests of American, and the effects of American system on society, is mirrored in their creative works. All through his early works, Fitzgerald echoes the existential center of his era. Obviously,… 7. Conservation assessment for the Siskiyou Mountains salamander and Scott Bar salamander in northern California. Vinikour, W. S.; LaGory, K. E.; Adduci, J. J.; Environmental Science Division 2006-10-20 The purpose of this conservation assessment is to summarize existing knowledge regarding the biology and ecology of the Siskiyou Mountains salamander and Scott Bar salamander, identify threats to the two species, and identify conservation considerations to aid federal management for persistence of the species. The conservation assessment will serve as the basis for a conservation strategy for the species. 8. Combined Quantification of the Global Proteome, Phosphoproteome, and Proteolytic Cleavage to Characterize Altered Platelet Functions in the Human Scott Syndrome. Solari, Fiorella A; Mattheij, Nadine J A; Burkhart, Julia M; Swieringa, Frauke; Collins, Peter W; Cosemans, Judith M E M; Sickmann, Albert; Heemskerk, Johan W M; Zahedi, René P 2016-10-01 The Scott syndrome is a very rare and likely underdiagnosed bleeding disorder associated with mutations in the gene encoding anoctamin-6. Platelets from Scott patients are impaired in various Ca 2+ -dependent responses, including phosphatidylserine exposure, integrin closure, intracellular protein cleavage, and cytoskeleton-dependent morphological changes. Given the central role of anoctamin-6 in the platelet procoagulant response, we used quantitative proteomics to understand the underlying molecular mechanisms and the complex phenotypic changes in Scott platelets compared with control platelets. Therefore, we applied an iTRAQ-based multi-pronged strategy to quantify changes in (1) the global proteome, (2) the phosphoproteome, and (3) proteolytic events between resting and stimulated Scott and control platelets. Our data indicate a limited number of proteins with decreased (70) or increased (64) expression in Scott platelets, among those we confirmed the absence of anoctamin-6 and the strong up-regulation of aquaporin-1 by parallel reaction monitoring. The quantification of 1566 phosphopeptides revealed major differences between Scott and control platelets after stimulation with thrombin/convulxin or ionomycin. In Scott platelets, phosphorylation levels of proteins regulating cytoskeletal or signaling events were increased. Finally, we quantified 1596 N-terminal peptides in activated Scott and control platelets, 180 of which we identified as calpain-regulated, whereas a distinct set of 23 neo-N termini was caspase-regulated. In Scott platelets, calpain-induced cleavage of cytoskeleton-linked and signaling proteins was downregulated, in accordance with an increased phosphorylation state. Thus, multipronged proteomic profiling of Scott platelets provides detailed insight into their protection against detrimental Ca 2+ -dependent changes that are normally associated with phosphatidylserine exposure. © 2016 by The American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular 9. Evaluating safety of concrete gravity dam on weak rock: Scott Dam Goodman, R.E.; Ahlgren, C.S. 2000-01-01 Scott Dam is owned and operated by Pacific Gas and Electric Co. (PG and E) as part of the Potter Valley Project. Although it is an unimpressive concrete gravity dam [233 m (765 ft) long with maximum water surface 33.4 m (110 ft) above tail water], the dam has unusually complex and weak foundation rocks; thick condition caused design changes during construction, numerous subsequent special investigations, and several corrections and additions. A main stumbling block to clarification of the dam safety issue for Scott Dam has always been difficulty in characterizing the foundation material. This paper discusses an approach to this problem as well s how the safety of the dam was subsequently confirmed. Following a comprehensive program of research, investigations, and analysis from 1991 to 1997 10. SCOTT: A time and amplitude digitizer ASIC for PMT signal processing Ferry, S.; Guilloux, F.; Anvar, S.; Chateau, F.; Delagnes, E.; Gautard, V.; Louis, F.; Monmarthe, E.; Le Provost, H.; Russo, S.; Schuller, J.-P.; Stolarczyk, Th.; Vallage, B.; Zonca, E.; KM3NeT Consortium 2013-10-01 SCOTT is an ASIC designed for the readout electronics of photomultiplier tubes developed for KM3NeT, the cubic-kilometer scale neutrino telescope in Mediterranean Sea. To digitize the PMT signals, the multi-time-over-threshold technique is used with up to 16 adjustable thresholds. Digital outputs of discriminators feed a circular sampling memory and a “first in first out” digital memory. A specific study has shown that five specifically chosen thresholds are suited to reach the required timing accuracy. A dedicated method based on the duration of the signal over a given threshold allows an equivalent timing precision at any charge. To verify that the KM3NeT requirements are fulfilled, this method is applied on PMT signals digitized by SCOTT. 11. Universos ficcionais: o romanesco em Walter Scott e José de Alencar Marcos Roberto Flamínio Peres 2016-10-01 Full Text Available Tamanha é a força do romanesco em Walter Scott que ele foi capaz de dar origem a duas linhas de força críticas antagônicas: uma tendendo a situá-lo dentro do conjunto da literatura ocidental, reatualizando arquétipos ancestrais (Frye; outra considerando-o a quintessência do romance histórico por representar momentos cruciais por que passava a sociedade capitalista entre os séculos XVIII e XIX (Lukács. À luz desse pano de fundo teórico contrastivo, este artigo busca analisar Waverley (1814, obra mais influente de Scott, em comparação com As minas de prata (1865-1866, romance mais ambicioso de José de Alencar e que lança mão de estratégias narrativas similares. 12. Rapport de frais de 2015-2016 pour Scott Gilmore | CRDI - Centre ... Accueil · À propos du CRDI · Obligation de rendre compte · Transparence · Déplacements et accueil. Rapport de frais de 2015-2016 pour Scott Gilmore. Total des frais de déplacement : CAD$31.46. Télécharger la version PDF de ce rapport. 13 juillet 2015 au 14 juillet 2015. CAD$31.46. Ce que nous faisons · Financement ... 13. 2015-2016 Rapports sur les frais de voyage et d'accueil pour Scott ... Ruxandra Staicu Réunion du Conseil des gouverneurs. Date(s):. 2015-07-13 à 2015-07-14. Destination(s):. Ottawa. Billet d'avion: Frais de transport au sol ou autrement: 31.46$. Frais de logement: Repas et frais divers: Autre frais: Total: 31.46 $. Commentaires: 2015-2016 Rapports sur les frais de voyage et d'accueil pour Scott Gilmore, ... 14. Reliability and validity of the Salford-Scott Nursing Values Questionnaire in Turkish. Ulusoy, Hatice; Güler, Güngör; Yıldırım, Gülay; Demir, Ecem 2018-02-01 Developing professional values among nursing students is important because values are a significant predictor of the quality care that will be provided, the clients' recognition, and consequently the nurses' job satisfaction. The literature analysis showed that there is only one validated tool available in Turkish that examines both the personal and the professional values of nursing students. The aim of this study was to assess the reliability and validity of the Salford-Scott Nursing Values Questionnaire in Turkish. This study was a Turkish linguistic and cultural adaptation of a research tool. Participants and research context: The sample of this study consisted of 627 undergraduate nursing students from different geographical areas of Turkey. Two questionnaires were used for data collection: a socio-demographic form and the Salford-Scott Nursing Values Questionnaire. For the Salford-Scott Nursing Values Questionnaire, construct validity was examined using factor analyses. Ethical considerations: The study was approved by the Cumhuriyet University Faculty of Medicine Research Ethics Board. Students were informed that participation in the study was entirely voluntary and anonymous. Item content validity index ranged from 0.66 to 1.0, and the total content validity index was 0.94. The Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin measure of sampling was 0.870, and Bartlett's test of sphericity was statistically significant (x 2 = 3108.714, p < 0.001). Construct validity was examined using factor analyses and the six factors were identified. Cronbach's alpha was used to assess the internal consistency reliability and the value of 0.834 was obtained. Our analyses showed that the Turkish version of Salford-Scott Nursing Values Questionnaire has high validity and reliability. 15. Exploring cell apoptosis and senescence to understand and treat cancer: an interview with Scott Lowe 2015-11-01 Full Text Available Scott W. Lowe is currently principal investigator at the Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center. After beginning his studies in chemical engineering, he decided to take another path and became fascinated by biochemistry, genetics and molecular biology, which ultimately led to an interest in human disease, particularly cancer. During his PhD at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT, Scott had the opportunity to benefit from the exceptional mentorship of Earl Ruley, David Housman and Tyler Jacks, and contributed to elucidating how the p53 (TP53 tumor suppressor gene limits oncogenic transformation and modulates the cytotoxic response to conventional chemotherapy. This important work earned him a fellowship from the Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, which helped to launch his independent career. Scott is now a leading scientist in the cancer field and his work has helped to shed light on mechanisms of cell apoptosis and senescence to better understand and treat cancer. In this interview, he talks about this incredible scientific journey. 16. Exploring cell apoptosis and senescence to understand and treat cancer: an interview with Scott Lowe. Lowe, Scott; Cifra, Alessandra 2015-11-01 Scott W. Lowe is currently principal investigator at the Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center. After beginning his studies in chemical engineering, he decided to take another path and became fascinated by biochemistry, genetics and molecular biology, which ultimately led to an interest in human disease, particularly cancer. During his PhD at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Scott had the opportunity to benefit from the exceptional mentorship of Earl Ruley, David Housman and Tyler Jacks, and contributed to elucidating how the p53 (TP53) tumor suppressor gene limits oncogenic transformation and modulates the cytotoxic response to conventional chemotherapy. This important work earned him a fellowship from the Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, which helped to launch his independent career. Scott is now a leading scientist in the cancer field and his work has helped to shed light on mechanisms of cell apoptosis and senescence to better understand and treat cancer. In this interview, he talks about this incredible scientific journey. © 2015. Published by The Company of Biologists Ltd. 17. First record of the Calanoid Copepod Pseudodiaptomus serricaudatus (Scott, T. 1894), (Copepoda: Calanoida: Pseudodiaptomidae) in the equatorial Indian ocean. Rebello, V.; Narvekar, J.; Gadi, P.; Venenkar, A.; Gauns, M.; PrasannaKumar, S. , Pondicherry University, Port Blair, Andaman 3Happy Home Apartment, Near Canara Bank, Fatorda, Margao, Goa-403602 Abstract Pseudodiaptomus serricaudatus (Scott, T. 1894), a planktonic copepod belonging to the family Pseudodiaptomidae, though has... 18. Michael Scott Ersin Hussein 2015-04-01 While Michael has contributed significantly to the field of classics and ancient history by publishing extensively, he has also enjoyed great success in engaging wider audiences with the ancient world. He regularly talks in schools around the country, writes books intended for the popular market as well as articles for national and international newspapers and magazines. Michael's experience in writing and presenting a range of programmes intended for TV and radio audiences has made him a household name. He has written and presented programmes for the National Geographic, History Channel, Nova, and the BBC including Delphi: bellybutton of the ancient world (BBC4; Guilty Pleasures: luxury in the ancient and medieval words (BBC4; Jesus: rise to power (Natural Geographic; Ancient Discoveries (History Channel; Who were the Greeks? (BBC2; The Mystery of the X Tombs (BBC2/Nova; The Greatest Show on Earth (BBC4, in conjunction with the Open University. He has also presented a radio series for BBC Radio 4, Spin the Globe. Michael's most recent programme, Roman Britain from the Air, was aired on ITV in December 2014. In this interview, I talk to him about his engagement with other disciplines within the humanities, his forthcoming book project, and his experiences writing and presenting TV and radio documentaries. 19. International recognition for ageing research: John Scott Award-2014 to Leonard Hayflick and Paul Moorhead Rattan, Suresh 2014-01-01 It is with great pleasure and pride that we share the news of the award of the 2014 “City of Philadelphia John Scott Award”, to Dr. Leonard Hayflick and Dr. Paul Moorhead, for their research on ageing. The press release announcing the award states that: “from the first awarded in 1822, the Award is the oldest scientific award in the United States and, as a legacy to Benjamin Franklin, they are in the historic company of past winners who include Marie Curie, Thomas Edison, Jonas Salk, Irving L... 20. A phyt osociological classification of the vegetation of the Jack Scott Nature Reserve* B. J. Coetzee 1974-12-01 Full Text Available The vegetation of the Jack Scott Nature Reserve in the Central Bankenveld Veld Type is classified chiefly by the Braun-Blanquet Table Method. Habitat features, physiognomy, total floristic composition, differentiating species, woody plants and prominent grasses and forbs are presented for each community. Characterizing habitat features, in order of importance for the communities, are: exposure, soil texture, geology, slope, aspect, degree of rockiness and previous ploughing. The classification correlates well with the major physiographic and climatic variation in the Reserve and generally does not cut across main physiognomic types. The communities are potentially homogeneous management units. 1. Magic neutrino mass matrix and the Bjorken-Harrison-Scott parameterization Lam, C.S. 2006-01-01 Observed neutrino mixing can be described by a tribimaximal MNS matrix. The resulting neutrino mass matrix in the basis of a diagonal charged lepton mass matrix is both 2-3 symmetric and magic. By a magic matrix, I mean one whose row sums and column sums are all identical. I study what happens if 2-3 symmetry is broken but the magic symmetry is kept intact. In that case, the mixing matrix is parameterized by a single complex parameter U e3 , in a form discussed recently by Bjorken, Harrison, and Scott 2. Mafic Materials in Scott Crater? A Test for Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter Cooper, Bonnie L. 2007-01-01 Clementine 750 nm and multispectral ratio data, along with Lunar Orbiter and radar data, were used to study the crater Scott in the lunar south polar region. The multispectral data provide evidence for mafic materials, impact melts, anorthositic materials, and a small pyroclastic deposit. High-resolution radar data and Lunar Orbiter photography for this area show differences in color and surface texture that correspond with the locations of the hypothesized mafic and anorthositic areas on the crater floor. This region provides a test case for the upcoming Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter. Verification of the existence of a mafic deposit at this location is relevant to future lunar resource utilization planning. 3. An assessment of the complications of the Brantley Scott artificial sphincter. Heathcote, P S; Galloway, N T; Lewis, D C; Stephenson, T P 1987-08-01 A Brantley Scott artificial sphincter has been inserted into 95 patients since 1981; more than half of the patients had lower urinary tract neuropathy and most of the others post-TUR incontinence. The main problem with the device has been cuff failure (12), which should be resolved by the new "dipped" cuffs. The major surgical complication has been erosion (10), usually associated with infection. Twenty-four patients had variable degrees of incontinence but the artificial sphincter remains the cornerstone of continence control when other methods have failed or are inappropriate. 4. Scott Redford: A New Approach to the Permeability of Political Symbolism in Rum Seljuk Turkey Philip Bockholt 2017-05-01 Full Text Available As his work transcends what is seen as iconography, from a strictly art history perspective, the choice of Scott Redford for portrayal in this rubric may seem surprising. However, regarding the applicability of iconographical approaches to the wider domain of cultural studies, precisely his adaptation of art history methods, which integrate disparate source material in a quest for meaning, sparked the interest of this issue of META. For most scholars in the field of Islamic history, researching premodern times normally involves reading narrative sources, that is, chronicles. Despite the so-called "documentary turn" taking place in Mamluk and Ottoman Syria, scholars of the Middle East lack the vast array of archival material that is available to their colleagues working on Medieval Europe. Thus, taking into account other types of material generally neglected by historians might be useful (more in the tradition of archaeologists and art historians who do include material culture in general. This article discusses Scott Redford's approach to combining written sources, epigraphy, and archaeological findings of the Seljuks of Rum in 13th century Anatolia in order to gain more insight into the iconography of power in a remote Islamic past. 5. Making waves the story of Ruby Payne-Scott : Australian pioneer radio astronomer Goss, M 2013-01-01 This book is an abbreviated, partly re-written version of "Under the Radar - The First Woman in Radio Astronomy: Ruby Payne-Scott." It addresses a general readership interested in historical and sociological aspects of astronomy and presents the biography of Ruby Payne-Scott (1912 – 1981). As the first female radio astronomer (and one of the first people in the world to consider radio astronomy), she made classic contributions to solar radio physics. She also played a major role in the design of the Australian government's Council for Scientific and Industrial Research radars, which were in turn of vital importance in the Southwest Pacific Theatre in World War II. These radars were used by military personnel from Australia, the United States and New Zealand. From a sociological perspective, her career offers many examples of the perils of being a female academic in the first half of the 20th century. Written in an engaging style and complemented by many historical photographs, this book offers fascinating... 6. La Emulsión de Scott en la Cultura Hispanoamericana. Alfredo Jácome Roca 2005-06-01 Varios de los empresarios que fueron pioneros en la industria farmacéutica contaron con algún aceite de hígado de bacalao entre sus primeros productos. En 1876, dos químicos que incursionaron en la industria, llamados Alfred B. Scott y Samuel W. Bowne, empezaron a comerciar en Nueva York la nueva Emulsión de Scott. La fórmula original incluía el aceite de hígado de bacalao –traído de Noruega en grandes cantidades– y los hipofosfitos de lima y soda. No obstante la buena fama que rodeaba sus ingredientes, la comercialización incluyó la propaganda masiva con afirmaciones ciertamente exageradas, que se aprovechaban de la credulidad del público y de la ausencia de mecanismos regulatorios. Se utilizaba tanto el humor como el temor de los parroquianos en postales, almanaques, avisos, que mostraban niños rosados y cachetones. Estos dibujos –y las botellas mismas– hacen actualmente las delicias de los coleccionistas y el negocio de los anticuarios. Una litografía aparecida en 1895 afirma que «la Emulsión de Scott genera vitalidad, carnes, fuerza y la promesa de salud para las personas de todas las edades». Otra estrategia –que aún en tiempos modernos se usa para productos populares– era la de los testimonios de personas que atestiguaban la bondad de la emulsión en su caso concreto. Un aviso que apareció en 1900 en el Greensburg Morning Tribune daba información detallada sobre la escrófula o enfermedad de las linfadenopatías y sobre la consunción, como a la sazón se llamaba a la tuberculosis. «La gente afectada con escrófula a menudo desarrolla consunción; los síntomas más prominentes de la escrófula son la anemia, la secreción de los oídos, las erupciones descamativas, el crecimiento y drenaje de las glándulas del cuello, que pronostican la pronta aparición de la consunción. Todo esto se puede interrumpir, prevenir la consunción y recuperar la salud con el uso precoz de… la Emulsión de Scott». Las niñas que declinaban 7. STS-87 Mission Specialists Scott and Doi with EVA coordinator Laws participate in the CEIT for their 1997-01-01 Participating in the Crew Equipment Integration Test (CEIT) at Kennedy Space Center are STS-87 crew members, assisted by Glenda Laws, extravehicular activity (EVA) coordinator, Johnson Space Center, at left. Next to Laws is Mission Specialist Takao Doi, Ph.D., of the National Space Development Agency of Japan, who is looking on as Mission Specialist Winston Scott gets a hands-on look at some of the equipment. The STS-87 mission will be the fourth United States Microgravity Payload and flight of the Spartan-201 deployable satellite. During the mission, scheduled for a Nov. 19 liftoff from KSC, Dr. Doi and Scott will both perform spacewalks. 8. Scott Correction for Large Atoms and Molecules in a Self-Generated Magnetic Field Erdös, Laszlo; Fournais, Søren; Solovej, Jan Philip 2012-01-01 constant. We show that, in the simultaneous limit$Z\\to\\infty$,$\\al\\to 0$such that$\\kappa =Z\\al^2$is fixed, the ground state energy of the system is given by a two term expansion$c_1Z^{7/3} + c_2(\\kappa) Z^2 + o(Z^2)$. The leading term is given by the non-magnetic Thomas-Fermi theory. Our result shows......We consider a large neutral molecule with total nuclear charge$Z$in non-relativistic quantum mechanics with a self-generated classical electromagnetic field. To ensure stability, we assume that$Z\\al^2\\le \\kappa_0$for a sufficiently small$\\kappa_0$, where$\\al$denotes the fine structure...... that the magnetic field affects only the second (so-called Scott) term in the expansion.... 9. Further developments of the Neyman-Scott clustered point process for modeling rainfall Cowpertwait, Paul S. P. 1991-07-01 This paper provides some useful results for modeling rainfall. It extends work on the Neyman-Scott cluster model for simulating rainfall time series. Several important properties have previously been found for the model, for example, the expectation and variance of the amount of rain captured in an arbitrary time interval (Rodriguez-Iturbe et al., 1987a), In this paper additional properties are derived, such as the probability of an arbitrary interval of any chosen length being dry. In applications this is a desirable property to have, and is often used for fitting stochastic rainfall models to field data. The model is currently being used in rainfall time series research directed toward improving sewage systems in the United Kingdom. To illustrate the model's performance an example is given, where the model is fitted to 10 years of hourly data taken from Blackpool, England. 10. Richard J. Hill, Picturing Scotland through the Waverley Novels: Walter Scott and the Origins of the Victorian Illustrated Novel. Jacqueline Irene Cannata 2012-10-01 Full Text Available Richard J. Hill, Picturing Scotland through the Waverley Novels: Walter Scott and the Origins of the Victorian Illustrated Novel . Farnham, Surrey, and Burlington, VT: Ashgate, 2010. Pp. 236. ISBN 978-0-7546-6806-0. US$99.99. 11. Case 3724 - Metochus abbreviatus Scott, 1874 (Insecta, Heteroptera): proposed precedence over Rhyparochromus erosus Walker, 1872 (currently Metochus erosus) The purpose of this application, under Article 23.9.3 of the Code, is to conserve the widely used specific name Metochus abbreviatus Scott, 1874, for a species of rhyparochromid bugs from East Asia. The name is threatened by the senior subjective synonym Metochus erosus (Walker, 1872), which has bee... 12. 100 years since Scott reached the pole: a century of learning about the physiological demands of Antarctica. Halsey, Lewis G; Stroud, Mike A 2012-04-01 The 1910-1913 Terra Nova Expedition to the Antarctic, led by Captain Robert Falcon Scott, was a venture of science and discovery. It is also a well-known story of heroism and tragedy since his quest to reach the South Pole and conduct research en route, while successful was also fateful. Although Scott and his four companions hauled their sledges to the Pole, they died on their return journey either directly or indirectly from the extreme physiological stresses they experienced. One hundred years on, our understanding of such stresses caused by Antarctic extremes and how the body reacts to severe exercise, malnutrition, hypothermia, high altitude, and sleep deprivation has greatly advanced. On the centenary of Scott's expedition to the bottom of the Earth, there is still controversy surrounding whether the deaths of those five men could have, or should have, been avoided. This paper reviews present-day knowledge related to the physiology of sustained man-hauling in Antarctica and contrasts this with the comparative ignorance about these issues around the turn of the 20th century. It closes by considering whether, with modern understanding about the effects of such a scenario on the human condition, Scott could have prepared and managed his team differently and so survived the epic 1,600-mile journey. The conclusion is that by carrying rations with a different composition of macromolecules, enabling greater calorific intake at similar overall weight, Scott might have secured the lives of some of the party, and it is also possible that enhanced levels of vitamin C in his rations, albeit difficult to achieve in 1911, could have significantly improved their survival chances. Nevertheless, even with today's knowledge, a repeat attempt at his expedition would by no means be bound to succeed. 13. La Jolie Fille de Perth de Bizet  ou comment trahir et honorer Walter Scott Bizet’s Jolie Fille de Perth or How to Betray and Honour Walter Scott Gilles Couderc 2011-11-01 Full Text Available What remains of Walter Scott’s Fair Maid of Perth in Bizet’s 1867 Jolie Fille de Perth, an opera in 4acts on a libretto by Jules Adenis and Vernoy de Saint-Georges? Not much when compared to other Scott-inspired operas. Little historical context or local colour, even in Bizet’s music. Some characters remotely linked to Scott in a libretto that mostly abides by the rules of French opera or opéra-comique of the time and recycles the dramatic ingredients favoured by Saint-Georges, a purveyor of libretti for opera or the ballet second only to Scribe, who engendered such international successes as Flotow’s Martha and Balfe’s Bohemian Girl, whose gipsy, long before his Carmen, haunts Bizet’s “Scottish” opera. Yet the work pays indirect homage to Scott, whose historical novels contributed to the birth of the French “grand opera”, by rewriting scenes or situations drawn from Scott. In spite of borrowing freely from French grand opera and opéra-comique, Bizet here attempts to find his own musical expression and his opera reflects aspects of Second Empire French society and the roles it assigned to women, before the appearance of his revolutionary Carmen on the stage.Que reste t’il du roman de Walter Scott The Fair Maid of Perth dans la Jolie Fille de Perth de Bizet, opéra en 4 actes de 1867 sur un livret de Vernoy de Saint-Georges, vieux routier du théâtre lyrique, et Jules Adenis ? Pas grand-chose par rapport aux opéras inspirés par Scott. Peu d’Ecosse, une absence remarquable de couleur locale ou historique, des personnages vaguement inspirés de Scott pour un livret qui se plie surtout aux règles de l’opéra français et de l’opéra-comique à la manière de Scribe et recycle les ingrédients habituels des livrets de Saint-Georges, père de succès internationaux comme la Martha de Flotow et de la Bohemian Girl de Balfe, dont la figure exotique de la bohémienne, longtemps avant Carmen, hante l’opéra 14. The Quest for Success and Power in F. Scott Fitzgerald's Novel The Beautiful and Damned 2017-02-01 Full Text Available This study aims at investigating the concepts of success and power, as depicted by F. Scott Fitzgerald in The Beautiful and Damned (2009. Cultural change motivates individuals to work harder to achieve success, which in turn makes them influential. The study reveals that the concepts of success and power are controversial, as their means vary from one theorist to another.  Waldo Emerson, for example, believes that success is connected to happiness.  He, therefore, lists down features that characterize successful people. To succeed, one must learn to follow their desires, an argument that is expounded by the ideology of the American Dream.  Friedrich Nietzsche, however, explains that individuals are motivated to lead due to the fact that power brings about the superman. To achieve the status of the superman, Nietzsche believes that individuals develop the will to power and are able to influence others (Nietzsche, 1968. Fitzgerald, on the other hand, makes it clear that power leads to liberty. The novel provides a deep analysis of the quest for power and success. The main characters are Gloria, Joseph, and Anthony who helps to demonstrate the quest for success and power. Richard Caramel is also a character whose role explains the pursuit of true happiness. He is depicted as powerful because he influences the society through his writings. He has a strong determination to be a writer, which motivates him to work hard and to seek further success. 15. 1995 Emerging Leaders in Healthcare. The new leaders: Gita Budd, Colene Daniel, Elizabeth Gallup, Scott Wordelman. Southwick, K 1995-01-01 Fierce pressures for cost containment. Demands for quality improvements. The drive toward patient-centered care. The push for community involvement. Insistent voices of payers, patients, consumers, physicians. Accumulated tensions amid the chaos of change. Balancing all of these demands while inspiring and encouraging the professionals and other workers within the healthcare organization requires a high level of leadership ability. One that insists on the best from everyone involved in a healthcare system--from physicians to staff, nurses to social workers. And then strives for more. The four young executives who are this year's Emerging Leaders in Healthcare have all pushed their systems beyond traditional boundaries into new territory, helping their patients, their employees, their physicians, and their communities rise to new levels of achievement. At the same time, these leaders emphasize teamwork and consensus-style management, so that their co-workers feel like they're participating in the changes, not being victimized by them. Gita Budd, Colene Daniel, Elizabeth Gallup, and Scott Wordelman are winners of the 1995 award from The Healthcare Forum and Korn/Ferry International that honors ¿dynamic, decisive young leaders (under 40) with the proven ability to nurture the growth of the industry.¿ Korn/Ferry International and The Healthcare Forum are proud to present 1995's Emerging Leaders. 16. Deviations of the lepton mapping matrix form the harrison-perkins-scott form Friedberg, R.; Lee, T.D. 2010-01-01 We propose a simple set of hypotheses governing the deviations of the leptonic mapping matrix from the Harrison-Perkins-Scott (HPS) form. These deviations are supposed to arise entirely from a perturbation of the mass matrix in the charged lepton sector. The perturbing matrix is assumed to be purely imaginary (thus maximally T-violating) and to have a strength in energy scale no greater (but perhaps smaller) than the muon mass. As we shall show,it then follows that the absolute value of the mapping matrix elements pertaining to the tau lepton deviate by no more than O((m μ /m τ ) 2 ) ≅ 3.5 x 10 -3 from their HPS values. Assuming that(m μ /m τ ) 2 can be neglected, we derive two simple constraints on the four parameters θ12, θ23, θ31, and δ of the mapping matrix. These constraints are independent of the details of the imaginary T-violating perturbation of the charged lepton mass matrix. We also show that the e and μ parts of the mapping matrix have a definite form governed by two parameters α and β; any deviation of order m μ /m τ can be accommodated by adjusting these two parameters. (authors) 17. STS-103 Pilot Scott Kelly and MS John Grunsfeld try on oxygen masks 1999-01-01 In the bunker at Launch Pad 39B, STS-103 Pilot Scott J. Kelly (left) and Mission Specialist John M. Grunsfeld (Ph.D.) (right) try on oxygen masks during Terminal Countdown Demonstration Test (TCDT) activities. The TCDT provides the crew with emergency egress training, opportunities to inspect their mission payloads in the orbiter's payload bay, and simulated countdown exercises. Other crew members taking part are Commander Curtis L. Brown Jr. and Mission Specialists Steven L. Smith, C. Michael Foale (Ph.D.), and Jean-Frangois Clervoy of France and Claude Nicollier of Switzerland, who are with the European Space Agency. STS-103 is a 'call-up' mission due to the need to replace and repair portions of the Hubble Space Telescope, including the gyroscopes that allow the telescope to point at stars, galaxies and planets. The STS-103 crew will be replacing a Fine Guidance Sensor, an older computer with a new enhanced model, an older data tape recorder with a solid-state digital recorder, a failed spare transmitter with a new one, and degraded insulation on the telescope with new thermal insulation. The crew will also install a Battery Voltage/Temperature Improvement Kit to protect the spacecraft batteries from overcharging and overheating when the telescope goes into a safe mode. Four EVA's are planned to make the necessary repairs and replacements on the telescope. The mission is targeted for launch Dec. 6 at 2:37 a.m. EST. 18. ROBERT VENTURI, DENISE SCOTT BROWN Y STEVEN IZENOUR: LEARNING FROM LAS VEGAS Ignacio Senra Fernández-Miranda 2013-05-01 Full Text Available RESUMEN Poco tiene que ver la edición original de 1972 de Learning from las Vegas, the forgotten symbolism of the architectural form, con la edición revisada de 1977, que fue traducida al español y publicada por Gustavo Gili en 1978. El gran formato del libro original (38x28cm se justificaba por la importancia del material gráfico desplegado, un ejercicio de análisis que aspiraba a descubrir nuevas técnicas de representación capaces de reproducir una realidad tan compleja sensorialmente como la de la ciudad de las Vegas. La drástica transformación, impulsada por los propios autores, suponía un abaratamiento y por tanto una mayor difusión del libro, pero sobretodo trataba de acabar con el conflicto entre su crítica al diseño Bauhaus y el diseño Bauhaus tardío del libro original, como señaló la propia Denise Scott Brown en el prologo de la edición revisada de 1977. 19. Review of behavioral health integration in primary care at Baylor Scott and White Healthcare, Central Region. Jolly, John B; Fluet, Norman R; Reis, Michael D; Stern, Charles H; Thompson, Alexander W; Jolly, Gillian A 2016-04-01 The integration of behavioral health services in primary care has been referred to in many ways, but ultimately refers to common structures and processes. Behavioral health is integrated into primary care because it increases the effectiveness and efficiency of providing care and reduces costs in the care of primary care patients. Reimbursement is one factor, if not the main factor, that determines the level of integration that can be achieved. The federal health reform agenda supports changes that will eventually permit behavioral health to be fully integrated and will allow the health of the population to be the primary target of intervention. In an effort to develop more integrated services at Baylor Scott and White Healthcare, models of integration are reviewed and the advantages and disadvantages of each model are discussed. Recommendations to increase integration include adopting a disease management model with care management, planned guideline-based stepped care, follow-up, and treatment monitoring. Population-based interventions can be completed at the pace of the development of alternative reimbursement methods. The program should be based upon patient-centered medical home standards, and research is needed throughout the program development process. 20. Studies on the presence and spatial distribution of anthropogenic pollutants in the glacial basin of Scott Glacier in the face of climate change (Fiord Bellsund, Spitsbergen) Lehmann, Sara; Kociuba, Waldemar; Franczak, Łukasz; Gajek, Grzegorz; Łeczyński, Leszek; Kozak, Katarzyna; Szopińska, Małgorzata; Ruman, Marek; Polkowska, Żaneta 2014-10-01 The study area covered the NW part of the Wedel Jarlsberg Land (SW part of the Svalbard Archipelago). The primary study object was the catchment of the Scott Glacier in the vicinity of the Research Station of of Maria Curie-Skłodowska University in Lublin - Calypsobyen. The Scott River catchment (of glacial hydrological regime) has an area of approximately 10 km2, 40% of which is occupied by the valley Scott Glacier in the phase of strong recession. The present study concerns the determination of physical and chemical parameters (pH, conductivity, TOC) and concentrations of pollutants (phenols, aldehydes). 1. STS-87 Mission Specialist Scott poses in his launch and entry spacesuit at LC 39B during TCDT 1997-01-01 STS-87 Mission Specialist Winston Scott poses in his orange launch and entry spacesuit with NASA suit technicians at Launch Pad 39B during Terminal Countdown Demonstration Test (TCDT) activities. The crew of the STS-87 mission is scheduled for launch Nov. 19 aboard the Space Shuttle Columbia. Scott will be performing an extravehicular activity (EVA) spacewalk during the mission. The TCDT is held at KSC prior to each Space Shuttle flight providing the crew of each mission opportunities to participate in simulated countdown activities. The TCDT ends with a mock launch countdown culminating in a simulated main engine cut-off. The crew also spends time undergoing emergency egress training exercises at the pad and has an opportunity to view and inspect the payloads in the orbiter's payload bay. 2. No Absolutism Here: Harm Predicts Moral Judgment 30× Better Than Disgust-Commentary on Scott, Inbar, & Rozin (2016). Gray, Kurt; Schein, Chelsea 2016-05-01 Moral absolutism is the idea that people's moral judgments are insensitive to considerations of harm. Scott, Inbar, and Rozin (2016, this issue) claim that most moral opponents to genetically modified organisms are absolutely opposed-motivated by disgust and not harm. Yet there is no evidence for moral absolutism in their data. Perceived risk/harm is the most significant predictor of moral judgments for "absolutists," accounting for 30 times more variance than disgust. Reanalyses suggest that disgust is not even a significant predictor of the moral judgments of absolutists once accounting for perceived harm and anger. Instead of revealing actual moral absolutism, Scott et al. find only empty absolutism: hypothetical, forecasted, self-reported moral absolutism. Strikingly, the moral judgments of so-called absolutists are somewhat more sensitive to consequentialist concerns than those of nonabsolutists. Mediation reanalyses reveal that moral judgments are most proximally predicted by harm and not disgust, consistent with dyadic morality. © The Author(s) 2016. 3. The Italian validation of the Salford-Scott Nursing Values Questionnaire. Mecugni, Daniela; Albinelli, Patrizia; Pellegrin, Joellemarie; Finotto, Stefano 2015-03-01 To properly direct nursing training and to improve the professional practice to become more effective, it is important to understand students' values. Literature review has shown that there have been changes in students' values in the last 20 years. In contemporary students, a general decrease in altruism has been observed, but also a larger appreciation for honesty toward patients has been declared. The analyzed literature did not find validated tools available in Italian that explore personal and professional values of nursing students. This study was an Italian linguistic and cultural adaptation of a research tool. The authors aimed to validate, for the Italian context, the Salford-Scott Nursing Values Questionnaire, enhanced by Johnson to explore the nursing profession's values. The Beaton Model was used as well as Valmi's. These models require five phases, with the goal of producing a pre-final version of the instrument for it to then be administered to a sample of the target and expert population. The study was approved by the Council of the Nursing Degree University course of the Modena and Reggio Emilia University, Reggio Emilia site, and the identity of the subjects was protected at every moment of the testing. Face validation was achieved since the clarity percentile for each item was 100%. Content validity was also reached, measured from the content validity index and the scale validity index. The study has confirmed the reliability of the instrument's internal consistence with a value of Cronbach's alpha on 0.95 of total of items. The reliability of the test-retest confirms the stability of the instrument in time (r = 0.908; p = 0.01). The study concludes that the instrument is ready to be administered to the target population, a sample group of nursing students. © The Author(s) 2014. 4. Spermiogenesis and sperm ultrastructure in Calicotyle affinis Scott, 1911 (Platyhelminthes, Monogenea, Monopisthocotylea, Monocotylidae Bruňanská M. 2017-12-01 Full Text Available Spermatological characteristics of Calicotyle affinis Scott, 1911, an endoparasitic monocotylid monogenean from the cloaca of a holocephalan fish Chimaera monstrosa L, have been investigated by means of transmission electron microscopy for the first time. Spermiogenesis exhibits features basically similar to those of the congeneric Calicotyle kroyeri and Calicotyle australiensis, but there are some new findings with respect to the formation and fine structure of the spermatozoon including the remarkable complex end-piece (EP. Morphogenesis of the EP, which is located at the anterior (proximal region of the late spermatid, includes two stages: (1 the centriolar region is continuous with a cytoplasmic mass of the zone of differentiation, the electron-dense surface of the spermatid undergoes significant changes in the sculpturing and the inner core of developing spermatid is electron-lucent; (2 after central fusion of the arching membranes a definitive structure of the EP is subsequently evolved, finally comprising 3 – 4 electron-dense discs attached to a central common electron-lucent column. The EP is considered as a synapomorphy of the genera Calicotyle + Dictyocotyle. The mature spermatozoon of C. affinis comprises the EP, two parallel axonemes of almost equal lengths with the 9 + “1” trepaxonematan pattern, mitochondrion, nucleus, and a reduced number of parallel cortical microtubules (1 – 3. The posterior (distal extremity of the mature spematozoon contains a single tapering axoneme. Ultrastructural characteristics of the mature spermatozoon of C. affinis coincide mostly with those of congeneric C. australiensis. Variations of the spermatological characters within the genus Calicotyle, between Calicotyle and enigmatic Dictyocotyle as well as other monocotylid monogeneans are discussed. 5. Hedonism And Materialism As Negative Effects Of Social Changes In American Society Potrayed In The Novel This Side Of Paradise Written By F. Scott Fitzgerald Elysia, Irene Nyssa 2015-01-01 Judul skripsi ini adalah ‘HEDONISM AND MATERIALISM AS NEGATIVE EFFECTS OF SOCIAL CHANGES IN AMERICAN SOCIETY POTRAYED IN THE NOVEL THIS SIDE OF PARADISE WRITTEN BY F. SCOTT FITZGERALD’. Sesuai dengan judulnya, skripsi ini membahas tentang fenomena hedonisme dan materialisme yang terjadi di Amerika pada awal tahun 1920an, sebagai dampak negatif dari Perang Dunia I. Fenomena ini dapat dibuktikan dari gambaran yang dipaparkan oleh Scott melalui novel ini, yaitu tentang kondisi masyarakat terutam... 6. The case of Scott Ortiz: a clash between criminal justice and public health Tobia Maria S 2006-07-01 Full Text Available Abstract The criminal justice system creates particular challenges for persons with HIV and Hepatitis C, many of whom have a history of injection drug use. The case of Scott Ortiz, taken from public trial and sentencing transcripts, reveals the manner in which incarceration may delay learning of important health problems such as Hepatitis C infection. In addition, the case of Mr. Ortiz suggests the bias in sentencing that a former injection drug user may face. Collaboration between the Montefiore Medical Center residency in Social Medicine and a Bronx legal services agency, Bronx Defenders, yielded the discovery that a decade after diagnosis with HIV and after long term incarceration, Mr. Ortiz was infected with Hepatitis C. Mr. Ortiz only became aware of his advanced Hepatitis C and liver damage during his trial. The second important aspect of this case centers on the justification for lengthy sentence for a burglary conviction. The presiding Judge in Mr. Ortiz's case acknowledged that because of his advanced illness, Mr. Ortiz posed no threat to society as a burglar (the crime for which he was convicted. But the Judge elected to use his discretion to sentence Mr. Ortiz to a term of 15 years to life (as opposed to a minimum of two to four years based on the idea that the public health would be served by preventing Mr. Ortiz from returning to the life of a street addict, sharing dirty needles with others. Mr. Ortiz reports distant injection drug use, no evidence of current or recent drug use was presented during Mr. Ortiz's trial and he reports no injection drug use for over a decade. In this case, bias against a former injection drug user, masquerading as concern for public health, is used to justify a lengthier sentence. Mr. Ortiz's lack of awareness of his Hepatitis C infection despite long term incarceration, combined with the justification for his dramatically increased sentence, provide examples of how persons within the criminal justice 7. Scott y Zelda Fitzgerald y el psicoanálisis: la construcción de "Suave es la noche" Esteve Díaz, Nuria 2016-01-01 Esta tesis aporta una investigación original que pretende analizar la novela Suave es la noche (Tender is the Night, 1934) del escritor norteamericano Francis Scott Key Fitzgerald desde la perspectiva de las humanidades médicas y de manera particular, de las relaciones entre medicina y literatura. En Suave es la noche existen amplias referencias médicas y conceptos psicoanalíticos relacionados con la psiquiatría europea de finales del siglo XIX y comienzos del XX, por lo que cobra especial in... 8. Possible Mafic Patches in Scott Crater Highlight the Need for Resource Exploration on the Lunar South Polar Region Cooper, Bonnie L. 2007-01-01 Possible areas of mafic material on the rim and floor of Scott crater (82.1 deg S, 48.5 deg E) are suggested by analysis of shadow-masked Clementine false-color-ratio images. Mafic materials common in mare and pyroclastic materials can produce more oxygen than can highlands materials, and mafic materials close to the south pole may be important for propellant production for a future lunar mission. If the dark patches are confirmed as mafic materials, this finding would suggest that other mafic patches may exist, even closer to the poles, which were originally mapped as purely anorthositic. 9. La diaspora americana in Europa: il caso degli espatriati in Tender is the Night di F. Scott Fitzgerald Elisa A. Pantaleo 2015-11-01 Full Text Available From 1921 to 1930, F. Scott Fitzgerald travelled to Europe four times, and he spent almost four years in France and one year in Switzerland. While living abroad in the multicultural environment of Paris and of the French Riviera, his attitude towards Europe underwent a major change. Tender is the Night marks a significant transition from the narrow nationalism of Fitzgerald’s first travel correspondence to an increased sensitivity towards European otherness. The cultural encounter with Europe – that in the novel is rendered through an hybridization of the language and the characters –helped the author to reinterpret his identity in a cosmopolitan perspective. 10. Dynamics of the Davydov–Scott soliton with location or velocity mismatch of its high-frequency component Blyakhman, L.G.; Gromov, E.M.; Onosova, I.V.; Tyutin, V.V., E-mail: vtyutin@hse.ru 2017-05-03 The dynamics of a two-component Davydov–Scott (DS) soliton with a small mismatch of the initial location or velocity of the high-frequency (HF) component was investigated within the framework of the Zakharov-type system of two coupled equations for the HF and low-frequency (LF) fields. In this system, the HF field is described by the linear Schrödinger equation with the potential generated by the LF component varying in time and space. The LF component in this system is described by the Korteweg–de Vries equation with a term of quadratic influence of the HF field on the LF field. The frequency of the DS soliton's component oscillation was found analytically using the balance equation. The perturbed DS soliton was shown to be stable. The analytical results were confirmed by numerical simulations. - Highlights: • The dynamics of the Davydov–Scott soliton with initial location or velocity mismatch of the HF component was investigated. • The study was performed within the framework of coupled linear Schrödinger and KdV equations for the HF and LF fields. • Analytical and numerical approaches were used. • The frequency of the DS soliton component oscillation was found. • Stability of the perturbed DS solitons was demonstrated. 11. Adapting Scott and Bruce's General Decision-Making Style Inventory to Patient Decision Making in Provider Choice. Fischer, Sophia; Soyez, Katja; Gurtner, Sebastian 2015-05-01 Research testing the concept of decision-making styles in specific contexts such as health care-related choices is missing. Therefore, we examine the contextuality of Scott and Bruce's (1995) General Decision-Making Style Inventory with respect to patient choice situations. Scott and Bruce's scale was adapted for use as a patient decision-making style inventory. In total, 388 German patients who underwent elective joint surgery responded to a questionnaire about their provider choice. Confirmatory factor analyses within 2 independent samples assessed factorial structure, reliability, and validity of the scale. The final 4-dimensional, 13-item patient decision-making style inventory showed satisfactory psychometric properties. Data analyses supported reliability and construct validity. Besides the intuitive, dependent, and avoidant style, a new subdimension, called "comparative" decision-making style, emerged that originated from the rational dimension of the general model. This research provides evidence for the contextuality of decision-making style to specific choice situations. Using a limited set of indicators, this report proposes the patient decision-making style inventory as valid and feasible tool to assess patients' decision propensities. © The Author(s) 2015. 12. Environmental Assessment of the Gering-Stegall 115-kV Transmission Line Consolidation Project, Scotts Bluff County, Nebraska NONE 1995-05-01 The Department of Energy (DOE), Western Area Power Administration (Western) proposes to consolidate segments of two transmission lines near the Gering Substation in Gering, Nebraska. The transmission lines are both located in Scotts Bluff County, Nebraska. The transmission lines are both located in Scotts Bluff County, Nebraska, within the city of Gering. Presently, there are three parallel 115-kilovolt (kV) transmission lines on separate rights-of-way (ROW) that terminate at the Gering Substation. The project would include dismantling the Archer-Gering wood-pole transmission line and rebuilding the remaining two lines on single-pole steel double circuit structures. The project would consolidate the Gering-Stegall North and Gering-Stegall South 115-kV transmission lines on to one ROW for a 1.33-mile segment between the Gering Substation and a point west of the Gering Landfill. All existing wood-pole H-frame structures would be removed, and the Gering-Stegall North and South ROWs abandoned. Western is responsible for the design, construction, operation, and maintenance of the line. Western prepared an environmental assessment (EA) that analyzed the potential environmental impacts of the proposed construction, operation, and maintenance of the 115-kV transmission line consolidation. Based on the analyses in the EA, the DOE finds that the proposed action is not a major Federal action significantly affecting the quality of the human environment, within the meaning of the National Environmental Policy Act of 1969 (NEPA). 13. Environmental Assessment of the Gering-Stegall 115-kV Transmission Line Consolidation Project, Scotts Bluff County, Nebraska 1995-05-01 The Department of Energy (DOE), Western Area Power Administration (Western) proposes to consolidate segments of two transmission lines near the Gering Substation in Gering, Nebraska. The transmission lines are both located in Scotts Bluff County, Nebraska. The transmission lines are both located in Scotts Bluff County, Nebraska, within the city of Gering. Presently, there are three parallel 115-kilovolt (kV) transmission lines on separate rights-of-way (ROW) that terminate at the Gering Substation. The project would include dismantling the Archer-Gering wood-pole transmission line and rebuilding the remaining two lines on single-pole steel double circuit structures. The project would consolidate the Gering-Stegall North and Gering-Stegall South 115-kV transmission lines on to one ROW for a 1.33-mile segment between the Gering Substation and a point west of the Gering Landfill. All existing wood-pole H-frame structures would be removed, and the Gering-Stegall North and South ROWs abandoned. Western is responsible for the design, construction, operation, and maintenance of the line. Western prepared an environmental assessment (EA) that analyzed the potential environmental impacts of the proposed construction, operation, and maintenance of the 115-kV transmission line consolidation. Based on the analyses in the EA, the DOE finds that the proposed action is not a major Federal action significantly affecting the quality of the human environment, within the meaning of the National Environmental Policy Act of 1969 (NEPA) 14. PORTER S FIVE FORCES MODEL SCOTT MORTON S FIVE FORCES MODEL BAKOS TREACY MODEL ANALYZES STRATEGIC INFORMATION SYSTEMS MANAGEMENT Indra Gamayanto 2004-01-01 Full Text Available Wollongong City Council (WCC is one of the most progressive and innovative local government organizations in Australia. Wollongong City Council use Information Technology to gain the competitive advantage and to face a global economy in the future. Porter's Five Force model is one of the models that can be using at Wollongong City Council because porter's five Forces model has strength in relationship between buyer and suppliers (Bargaining power of suppliers and bargaining power of buyers. Other model such as Scott Morton's Five Forces model has strength to analyze the social impact factor, so to gain competitive advantage in the future and have a good IT/IS strategic planning; this model can be use also. Bakos & Treacy model almost the same as Porter's model but Bakos & Treacy model can also be applying into Wollongong City Council to improve the capability in Transforming organization, efficiency, and effectiveness. 15. Absence of a Scott correction for the total binding energy of noninteracting fermions in a smooth potential well Huxtable, B.D. 1988-01-01 It is shown, for V in a particular class of smooth functions, that the total binding energy, E(Z), of Z noninteracting Fermions in the potential well Z 4/3 V(Z 1/3 X) obeys E(Z) = c TF (V)Z 7/3 + O(Z 5/3 ) as Z → ∞. Here c TF (V) is the coefficient predicted by Thomas-Fermi theory. This result is consistent with the conjectured Scott correction, which occurs at order Z 2 , to the total binding energy of an atomic number Z. This correction is thought to arise only because V(x)∼ - |x| -1 near x = 0 in the atomic problem, and so V is not a smooth function 16. A análise de redes na sociologia e nos estudos sobre grupos econômicos: entrevista com John Scott Rodolfo Palazzo Dias 2017-07-01 Full Text Available Com o objetivo de tornar mais acessível ao público brasileiro a área de Análise de Redes Sociais (ARS, Em Tese realizou uma entrevista com Jonh Scott, renomado autor dessa área. 17. Runoff Variability in the Scott River (SW Spitsbergen in Summer Seasons 2012–2013 in Comparison with the Period 1986–2009 Franczak Łukasz 2016-09-01 Full Text Available River runoff variability in the Scott River catchment in the summer seasons 2012 and 2013 has been presented in comparison to the multiannual river runoff in 1986–2009. Both in particular seasons and in the analysed multiannual, high variability of discharge rate was recorded. In the research periods 2012–2013, a total of 11 952 water stages and 20 flow rates were measured in the analysed cross-section for the determination of 83 daylong discharges. The mean multiannual discharge of the Scott River amounted to 0.96 m3·s−1. The value corresponds to a specific runoff of 94.6 dm3·s−1·km2, and the runoff layer 937 mm. The maximum values of daily discharge amounted to 5.07 m3·s−1, and the minimum values to 0.002 m3·s−1. The highest runoff occurs in the second and third decade of July, and in the first and second decade of August. The regime of the river is determined by a group of factors, and particularly meteorological conditions affecting the intensity of ablation, and consequently river runoff volume. We found a significant correlation (0.60 in 2012 and 0.67 in 2013 between the air temperature and the Scott River discharge related to the Scott Glacier ice melt. 18. The Third Turn toward the Social: Nancy Welch's "Living Room," Tony Scott's "Dangerous Writing," and Rhetoric and Composition's Turn toward Grassroots Political Activism Kinney, Kelly; Girshin, Thomas; Bowlin, Barrett 2013-01-01 This review essay examines recent texts by Nancy Welch and Tony Scott, both of which use embodied activism as a starting point for their inquiries. Taken together, these works point to a distinct shift in composition studies' turn toward the social, one that calls on workers both within and outside the academy to actively engage in grassroots… 19. Information geometric analysis of phase transitions in complex patterns: the case of the Gray-Scott reaction–diffusion model Har-Shemesh, Omri; Quax, Rick; Hoekstra, Alfons G; Sloot, Peter M A 2016-01-01 The Fisher–Rao metric from information geometry is related to phase transition phenomena in classical statistical mechanics. Several studies propose to extend the use of information geometry to study more general phase transitions in complex systems. However, it is unclear whether the Fisher–Rao metric does indeed detect these more general transitions, especially in the absence of a statistical model. In this paper we study the transitions between patterns in the Gray-Scott reaction–diffusion model using Fisher information. We describe the system by a probability density function that represents the size distribution of blobs in the patterns and compute its Fisher information with respect to changing the two rate parameters of the underlying model. We estimate the distribution non-parametrically so that we do not assume any statistical model. The resulting Fisher map can be interpreted as a phase-map of the different patterns. Lines with high Fisher information can be considered as boundaries between regions of parameter space where patterns with similar characteristics appear. These lines of high Fisher information can be interpreted as phase transitions between complex patterns. (paper: disordered systems, classical and quantum) 20. Multi-time-over-threshold technique for photomultiplier signal processing: Description and characterization of the SCOTT ASIC Ferry, S.; Guilloux, F.; Anvar, S.; Chateau, F.; Delagnes, E.; Gautard, V.; Louis, F.; Monmarthe, E.; Le Provost, H.; Russo, S.; Schuller, J.-P.; Stolarczyk, Th.; Vallage, B.; Zonca, E. 2012-01-01 KM3NeT aims to build a cubic-kilometer scale neutrino telescope in the Mediterranean Sea based on a 3D array of photomultiplier tubes. A dedicated ASIC, named SCOTT, has been developed for the readout electronics of the PMTs: it uses up to 16 adjustable thresholds to digitize the signals with the multi-time-over-threshold technique. Digital outputs of discriminators feed a circular sampling memory and a “first in first out” digital memory for derandomization. At the end of the data processing, the ASIC produces a digital waveform sampled at 800 MHz. A specific study was carried out to process PMT data and has showed that five specifically chosen thresholds are suited to reach the required timing precision. A dedicated method based on the duration of the signal over a given threshold allows an equivalent timing precision at any charge. A charge estimator using the information from the thresholds allows a charge determination within less than 20% up to 60 pe. 1. Multi-time-over-threshold technique for photomultiplier signal processing: Description and characterization of the SCOTT ASIC Ferry, S.; Guilloux, F.; Anvar, S.; Chateau, F.; Delagnes, E.; Gautard, V.; Louis, F.; Monmarthe, E.; Le Provost, H.; Russo, S.; Schuller, J.-P.; Stolarczyk, Th.; Vallage, B.; Zonca, E.; Representing the KM3NeT Consortium 2012-12-01 KM3NeT aims to build a cubic-kilometer scale neutrino telescope in the Mediterranean Sea based on a 3D array of photomultiplier tubes. A dedicated ASIC, named SCOTT, has been developed for the readout electronics of the PMTs: it uses up to 16 adjustable thresholds to digitize the signals with the multi-time-over-threshold technique. Digital outputs of discriminators feed a circular sampling memory and a “first in first out” digital memory for derandomization. At the end of the data processing, the ASIC produces a digital waveform sampled at 800 MHz. A specific study was carried out to process PMT data and has showed that five specifically chosen thresholds are suited to reach the required timing precision. A dedicated method based on the duration of the signal over a given threshold allows an equivalent timing precision at any charge. A charge estimator using the information from the thresholds allows a charge determination within less than 20% up to 60 pe. 2. Aarskog-Scott syndrome: clinical update and report of nine novel mutations of the FGD1 gene. Orrico, A; Galli, L; Faivre, L; Clayton-Smith, J; Azzarello-Burri, S M; Hertz, J M; Jacquemont, S; Taurisano, R; Arroyo Carrera, I; Tarantino, E; Devriendt, K; Melis, D; Thelle, T; Meinhardt, U; Sorrentino, V 2010-02-01 Mutations in the FGD1 gene have been shown to cause Aarskog-Scott syndrome (AAS), or facio-digito-genital dysplasia (OMIM#305400), an X-linked disorder characterized by distinctive genital and skeletal developmental abnormalities with a broad spectrum of clinical phenotypes. To date, 20 distinct mutations have been reported, but little phenotypic data are available on patients with molecularly confirmed AAS. In the present study, we report on our experience of screening for mutations in the FGD1 gene in a cohort of 60 European patients with a clinically suspected diagnosis of AAS. We identified nine novel mutations in 11 patients (detection rate of 18.33%), including three missense mutations (p.R402Q; p.S558W; p.K748E), four truncating mutations (p.Y530X; p.R656X; c.806delC; c.1620delC), one in-frame deletion (c.2020_2022delGAG) and the first reported splice site mutation (c.1935+3A>C). A recurrent mutation (p.R656X) was detected in three independent families. We did not find any evidence for phenotype-genotype correlations between type and position of mutations and clinical features. In addition to the well-established phenotypic features of AAS, other clinical features are also reported and discussed. Copyright 2010 Wiley-Liss, Inc. 3. True Grit: In Tracking down the Real Story of a Legendary Hero of the Old West, Vaunda Micheaux Nelson also Nabbed the Coretta Scott King Award Fleishhacker, Joy 2010-01-01 When Vaunda Micheaux Nelson donned a black Stetson to become the biographer of Deputy U.S. Marshal Bass Reeves, she had no idea that her square-shooting book about an unsung African-American hero of the Old West would win over a posse of fans and earn her the prestigious 2010 Coretta Scott King (CSK) Author Award. "Bad News for Outlaws"… 4. Features of ozone intraannual variability in polar regions based on ozone sounding data obtained at the Resolute and Amundsen-Scott stations Gruzdev, A.N.; Sitnov, S.A. (AN SSSR, Institut Fiziki Atmosfery, Moscow (USSR)) 1991-04-01 Ozone sounding data obtained at the Resolute and Amundsen-Scott stations are used to analyze ozone intraannual variability in Southern and Northern polar regions. For the Arctic, in particular, features associated with winter stratospheric warmings, stratospheric-tropospheric exchange, and the isolated evolution of surface ozone are noted. Correlative connections between ozone and temperature making it possible to concretize ozone variability mechanisms are analyzed. 31 refs. 5. Controlling Listeria monocytogenes Scott A on Surfaces of Fully Cooked Turkey Deli Product Using Organic Acid-Containing Marinades as Postlethality Dips. Casco, Gerardo; Johnson, Jennifer L; Taylor, T Matthew; Gaytán, Carlos N; Brashears, Mindy M; Alvarado, Christine Z 2015-01-01 This study evaluated the efficacy of organic acids applied singly or in combination as postlethality dips to sliced uncured turkey deli loaves to inhibit the growth of Listeria monocytogenes (Lm) Scott A. Treatments consisted of sodium lactate (SL; 3.6%), potassium lactate (PL; 3.6%), sodium citrate (SC; 0.75%), a combination of SL and sodium diacetate (SDA; 0.25%), and a combination of SL/PL/SDA, alongside appropriate negative and positive controls. Products were inoculated with 10(4)-10(5) CFU/mL streptomycin-resistant (1500 μg/mL) Lm Scott A prior to treatment. Products were then stored at ~4°C and sampled at 0, 7, 14, 21, 28, 42, and 56 d. The SL/SDA combination applied to turkey slices extended the lag phase through 21 days of refrigerated storage. Numbers of Lm Scott A rose by 0.7 log10 CFU/g through the 56 d storage period. The application of the SL/PL/SDA treatment to turkey product surfaces extended the lag phase through 42 d, with pathogen numbers declining after 21 d. Combination organic acid dips prolonged the lag phase for 2 to 6 wk on turkey product surfaces and can be useful as antimicrobial agents for Lm control on postlethality exposed sliced deli products. 6. Road Bridges and Culverts, MDTA Culverts, Culverts on John F. Kennedy Highway (I95), Baltimore Harbor Tunnel Throughway, Francis Scott Key Bridge, Bay bridge, Nice Bridge, Published in 2010, 1:1200 (1in=100ft) scale, Maryland Transportation Authority. NSGIC State | GIS Inventory — Road Bridges and Culverts dataset current as of 2010. MDTA Culverts, Culverts on John F. Kennedy Highway (I95), Baltimore Harbor Tunnel Throughway, Francis Scott Key... 7. Editorial | Scott | Ergonomics SA 8. FLOODPLAIN, SCOTT COUNTY, IOWA Federal Emergency Management Agency, Department of Homeland Security — The Floodplain Mapping/Redelineation study deliverables depict and quantify the flood risks for the study area. The primary risk classifications used are the... 9. The application of business models to medical research: interviews with two founders of directed-philanthropy foundations. Interview with Scott Johnson and Don Listwin by Kathryn A. Phillips. Scott, Johnson; Listwin, Don 2007-01-01 A new trend in research funding has emerged: directed philanthropy, in which the donor plays an active, hands-on role in managing the research by applying a "business model." Although such efforts now represent only a small portion of foundation funding, they have potentially far-reaching implications because (1) the approach of using a business model is being applied more broadly and (2) the success or failure of these efforts may portend the fate of larger translational efforts. The author conducted interviews with Scott Johnson of the Myelin Repair Foundation and Don Listwin of the Canary Foundation in the fall of 2006. 10. Scotts Valley Energy Office and Human Capacity Building that will provide energy-efficiency services and develop sustainable renewable energy projects. Anderson, Temashio [Scotts Valley Band of Pomo Indians 2013-06-28 The primary goal of this project is to develop a Scotts Valley Energy Development Office (SVEDO). This office will further support the mission of the Tribe's existing leadership position as the DOE Tribal Multi-County Weatherization Energy Program (TMCWEP) in creating jobs and providing tribal homes and buildings with weatherization assistance to increase energy efficiency, occupant comfort and improved indoor air quality. This office will also spearhead efforts to move the Tribe towards its further strategic energy goals of implementing renewable energy systems through specific training, resource evaluation, feasibility planning, and implementation. Human capacity building and continuing operations are two key elements of the SVEDO objectives. Therefore, the project will 1) train and employ additional Tribal members in energy efficiency, conservation and renewable resource analyses and implementation; 2) purchase materials and equipment required to implement the strategic priorities as developed by the Scotts Valley Tribe which specifically include implementing energy conservation measures and alternative energy strategies to reduce energy costs for the Tribe and its members; and 3) obtain a dedicated office and storage space for ongoing SVEDO operations. 11. Harnessing the Power of Emotion for Social Change: Review of Numbers and Nerves: Information, Emotion, and Meaning in a World of Data by Scott Slovic and Paul Slovic (2015 Anne M.W. Kelly 2017-01-01 Full Text Available Scott Slovic and Paul Slovic (Eds.. Numbers and Nerves: Information, Emotion, and Meaning in a World of Data (Corvallis, OR: Oregon State University Press, 2015. 272 pp. ISBN 978-0-87071-776-5. Literature and environment professor Scott Slovic, and his father, psychologist Paul Slovic, editors of this collection of essays and interviews, describe and demonstrate the psychological effects which hamper our ability to comprehend and respond appropriately to large numerical data. The collection then offers a brief survey of art works which, by first appealing to viewers’ emotions, can potentially move the viewer to a better understanding of numbers. 12. Connecting Numbers with Emotion: Review of Numbers and Nerves: Information, Emotion, and Meaning in a World of Data by Scott Slovic and Paul Slovic (2015 Samuel L. Tunstall 2017-01-01 Full Text Available Scott Slovic and Paul Slovic (Eds.. Numbers and Nerves: Information, Emotion, and Meaning in a World of Data (Corvallis, OR: Oregon State University Press, 2015. 272 pp. ISBN 978-0-87071-776-5. It is common to view quantitative literacy as reasoning with respect to numbers. In Numbers and Nerves, the contributors to the volume make clear that we should attend not only to how students consciously reason with numbers, but also how our innate biases influence our actions when faced with numbers. Beginning with the concepts of psychic numbing, and then psuedoinefficacy, the contributors to the volume examine how our behaviors when faced with large numbers are often not mathematically rational. I consider the implications of these phenomena for the Numeracy community. 13. Play the game in the opening scene A multidisciplinary lens for understanding (videoludic movies, including Super Mario Bros., Resident Evil and Scott Pilgrim vs. the World Enrico Gandolfi 2015-09-01 Full Text Available The aim of this article is to create a multidisciplinary tool concerning the passage from the medium of videogames to cinema. According to concepts taken from Media Studies, Cultural Studies, Semiotics and Game Studies, we will explore the multiple dimensions and the related connections that occur in the film linearization of digital interaction: production issues, narrative and aesthetic elements, heuristics and mechanics in-game and on the big screen, and so on. The framework will be tested through three paradigmatic case studies: Super Mario, Resident Evil, and Scott Pilgrim vs. the World. The overall intent is to give scholars, and also practitioners, a holistic perspective on this peculiar type of crossmedia process, pointing out virtuous productive strategies as ruinous ones. 14. Landscapes of The Mind: The Setting as Psyche in Nathaniel Hawthorne's The Scarlet Letter And F. Scott Fitzgerald's The Great Gatsby Landscapes of The Mind: The Setting as Psyche in Nathaniel Hawthorne's The Scarlet Letter And F. Scott Fitzgerald's The Great Gatsby Cruce Stark 2009-09-01 Full Text Available In the closing moment of F. Scott Fitzgerald's The Great Gateby, Nick returns for one last look at what once was Gateby's house. But instead of physical buildings, he has a vision of an earlier time, a vision of the "old island" that "flowered once for Dutch sailor's eyes -- a fresh green breast of the new world." "For a transitory enchanted moment," Nick thinks, "man must have held his breath in the presence of this continent, compelled into an aesthetic contemplation he neither understood nor desired, face to face for the last time in history with something commensurate to his capacity for wonder (182." In the closing moment of F. Scott Fitzgerald's The Great Gateby, Nick returns for one last look at what once was Gateby's house. But instead of physical buildings, he has a vision of an earlier time, a vision of the "old island" that "flowered once for Dutch sailor's eyes -- a fresh green breast of the new world." "For a transitory enchanted moment," Nick thinks, "man must have held his breath in the presence of this continent, compelled into an aesthetic contemplation he neither understood nor desired, face to face for the last time in history with something commensurate to his capacity for wonder (182." 15. Identification of genes involved in Ca2+ ionophore A23187-mediated apoptosis and demonstration of a high susceptibility for transcriptional repression of cell cycle genes in B lymphoblasts from a patient with Scott syndrome Meyer Dominique 2005-10-01 Full Text Available Abstract Background In contrast to other agents able to induce apoptosis of cultured cells, Ca2+ ionophore A23187 was shown to elicit direct activation of intracellular signal(s. The phenotype of the cells derived from patients having the hemorrhagic disease Scott syndrome, is associated with an abnormally high proportion of apoptotic cells, both in basal culture medium and upon addition of low ionophore concentrations in long-term cultures. These features are presumably related to the mutation also responsible for the defective procoagulant plasma membrane remodeling. We analyzed the specific transcriptional re-programming induced by A23187 to get insights into the effect of this agent on gene expression and a defective gene regulation in Scott cells. Results The changes in gene expression upon 48 hours treatment with 200 nM A23187 were measured in Scott B lymphoblasts compared to B lymphoblasts derived from the patient's daughter or unrelated individuals using Affymetrix microarrays. In a similar manner in all of the B cell lines, results showed up-regulation of 55 genes, out of 12,000 represented sequences, involved in various pathways of the cell metabolism. In contrast, a group of 54 down-regulated genes, coding for histones and proteins involved in the cell cycle progression, was more significantly repressed in Scott B lymphoblasts than in the other cell lines. These data correlated with the alterations of the cell cycle phases in treated cells and suggested that the potent effect of A23187 in Scott B lymphoblasts may be the consequence of the underlying molecular defect. Conclusion The data illustrate that the ionophore A23187 exerts its pro-apoptotic effect by promoting a complex pattern of genetic changes. These results also suggest that a subset of genes participating in various steps of the cell cycle progress can be transcriptionally regulated in a coordinated fashion. Furthermore, this research brings a new insight into the defect 16. Robinson Rancheria Strategic Energy Plan; Middletown Rancheria Strategic Energy Plan, Scotts Valley Rancheria Strategic Energy Plan, Elem Indian Colony Strategic Energy Plan, Upperlake Rancheria Strategic Energy Plan, Big Valley Rancheria Strategic Energy Plan McGinnis and Associates LLC 2008-08-01 The Scotts Valley Band of Pomo Indians is located in Lake County in Northern California. Similar to the other five federally recognized Indian Tribes in Lake County participating in this project, Scotts Valley Band of Pomo Indians members are challenged by generally increasing energy costs and undeveloped local energy resources. Currently, Tribal decision makers lack sufficient information to make informed decisions about potential renewable energy resources. To meet this challenge efficiently, the Tribes have committed to the Lake County Tribal Energy Program, a multi Tribal program to be based at the Robinson Rancheria and including The Elem Indian Colony, Big Valley Rancheria, Middletown Rancheria, Habematolel Pomo of Upper Lake and the Scotts Valley Pomo Tribe. The mission of this program is to promote Tribal energy efficiency and create employment opportunities and economic opportunities on Tribal Lands through energy resource and energy efficiency development. This program will establish a comprehensive energy strategic plan for the Tribes based on Tribal specific plans that capture economic and environmental benefits while continuing to respect Tribal cultural practices and traditions. The goal is to understand current and future energy consumption and develop both regional and Tribe specific strategic energy plans, including action plans, to clearly identify the energy options for each Tribe. 17. Real-Time Teleguidance of a Non-Surgeon Crew Medical Officer Performing Orthopedic Surgery at the Amundsen-Scott South Pole Station During Winter-Over Otto, Christian 2010-01-01 The Amundsen-Scott South Pole Research station located at the geographic South Pole, is the most isolated, permanently inhabited human outpost on Earth. Medical care is provided to station personnel by a non-surgeon crew medical officer (CMO). During the winter-over period from February to October, the station is isolated, with no incoming or outgoing flights due to severe weather conditions. In late June, four months after the station had closed for the austral winter, a 31 year old meteorologist suffered a complete rupture of his patellar tendon while sliding done an embankment. An evacuation was deemed to be too risky to aircrews due to the extreme cold and darkness. A panel of physicians from Massachusetts General Hospital, Johns Hopkins University and the University of Texas Medical Branch were able to assess the patient remotely via telemedicine and agreed that surgery was the only means to restore mobility and prevent long term disability. The lack of a surgical facility and a trained surgical team were overcome by conversion of the clinic treatment area, and intensive preparation of medical laypersons as surgical assistants. The non-surgeon CMO and CMO assistant at South Pole, were guided through the administration of spinal anesthetic, and the two-hour operative repair by medical consultants at Massachusetts General Hospital. Real-time video of the operative field, directions from the remote consultants and audio communication were provided by videoconferencing equipment, operative cameras, and high bandwidth satellite communications. In real-time, opening incision/exposure, tendon relocation, hemostatsis, and operative closure by the CMO was closely monitored and guided and by the remote consultants. The patient s subsequent physical rehabilitation over the ensuing months of isolation was also monitored remotely via telemedicine. This was the first time in South Pole s history that remote teleguidance had been used for surgery and represents a model for 18. A new anchialine Stephos Scott from the Yucatan Peninsula with notes on the biogeography and diversity of the genus (Copepoda, Calanoida, Stephidae Eduardo Suárez-Morales 2017-04-01 Full Text Available Surveys of the anchialine crustacean fauna of the Yucatan Peninsula (YP, Mexico, have revealed the occurrence of calanoid copepods. The genus Stephos Scott, 1892, belonging to the family Stephidae is among the most frequent and widely distributed groups in anchialine caves but has not been hitherto recorded from the YP. Recent collections from an anchialine cave in an island off the northern coast of the YP yielded many specimens of a new species of Stephos. The new taxon, S. fernandoi sp. n., is described here based on male and female specimens. The new species is clearly distinguished from its congeners by the following characters: male left fifth leg with three terminal lamellae plus subdistal process, right leg with distal row of peg-like elements; female fifth leg with single long, acute apical process; genital double-somite with two rows each of 4 long spinules adjacent to operculum; legs 2-4 with articulated setae. The diversity of the genus shows regional differences; the Australia-Western Pacific region is the most diverse (eleven species, followed by the Mediterranean (seven species and the Northeastern Atlantic (six species; only four species are known from the Northwestern Tropical Atlantic (NWTA. The morphology of the female fifth leg was examined to explore possible biogeographic trends in the genus; patterns suggest multiple colonization events in the highly diverse regions and a relatively recent radiation in the NWTA, characterized by anchialine forms. The introduction of stephid copepods in the region may be a relatively recent event derived from colonization of benthopelagic ancestral forms and subsequent invasion onto cave habitats. The new species appears to be linked to the strictly anchialine Miostephos. 19. Tropospheric ozone annual variation and possible troposphere-stratosphere coupling in the Arctic and Antarctic as derived from ozone soundings at Resolute and Amundsen-Scott stations Gruzdev, A.N.; Sitnov, S.A. (Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow (Russian Federation). Inst. of Atmospheric Physics) 1993-01-01 The tropospheric ozone annual variation in the northern and southern polar regions is analyzed from ozone sounding data obtained at Resolute during a 15-year period and Amundsen-Scott during a 7-year period. The phase of ozone annual variation above Resolute changes (increases) gradually from the stratosphere across the tropopause to the middle troposphere. Unlike this, the phase of the Antarctic ozone annual harmonic has a discontinuity in the layer of the changing tropopause level, so that the annual harmonic in the upper troposphere, lower stratosphere is 4-to-5 months out of phase (earlier) to that above and beneath. Above both the Arctic and Antarctic stations, the ozone mixing ratio and its vertical gradient evolve in a similar manner in the wide layer from the lower stratosphere to the middle troposphere. This likely points out that ozone in this layer is controlled from above. An indication of the stratospheric-tropospheric ozone exchange above Resolute is noted from mid-winter to spring. The analysis of columnar tropospheric ozone changes gives a lower estimate of the cross-tropopause ozone flux up to 5x10[sup 10] mol cm[sup -2] s[sup -1]. Above the South Pole, the cross-tropopause ozone flux is not usually large. There is also some evidence that early in the spring, when the stratospheric ozone 'hole' is developed, the stratospheric-tropospheric exchange conducts the influence of the 'hole' into the upper troposphere, where the integrated ozone destruction is estimated to be 8x10[sup 10] mol cm[sup -2] s[sup -1]. Correlation analysis gives no ozone-tropopause correlation in the Antarctic in winter, while in other seasons as well as during all seasons in the Arctic, there are negative correlation peaks just above the tropopause. (19 refs., 6 figs.). 20. FLOODPLAIN, SCOTT COUNTY, KENTUCKY USA Federal Emergency Management Agency, Department of Homeland Security — The Floodplain Mapping/Redelineation study deliverables depict and quantify the flood risks for the study area. The primary risk classifications used are the... 1. FLOODPLAIN, SCOTT COUNTY, MISSOURI, USA Federal Emergency Management Agency, Department of Homeland Security — The Digital Flood Insurance Rate Map (DFIRM) Database depicts flood risk information and supporting data used to develop the risk data. The primary risk... 2. HYDRAULICS, SCOTT COUNTY, KENTUCKY, USA Federal Emergency Management Agency, Department of Homeland Security — Recent developments in digital terrain and geospatial database management technology make it possible to protect this investment for existing and future projects to... 3. TERRAIN, SCOTT COUNTY, KENTUCKY USA Federal Emergency Management Agency, Department of Homeland Security — Terrain data, as defined in FEMA Guidelines and Specifications, Appendix N: Data Capture Standards, describes the digital topographic data that was used to create... 4. New record and redescription of Calanopia thompsoni A. Scott, 1909 (Copepoda, Calanoida, Pontellidae) from the Red Sea, with notes on the taxonomic status of C. parathompsoni Gaudy, 1969 and a key to species. Al-Aidaroos, Ali M; Salama, Adnan J; El-Sherbiny, Mohsen M 2016-01-01 During a plankton sampling programme around Al-Wajh area, Saudi Arabian coast of the northern Red Sea, a copepod Calanopia thompsoni A. Scott, 1909 (Calanoida: Pontellidae) was reported for the first time in the Red Sea. Both sexes are fully redescribed and compared to previous descriptions as well as the closely related species, Calanopia parathompsoni. The zoogeographical distribution of the species confirms that it is of Indo-Pacific origin. A dichotomous key for the identification of males and females of the species of Calanopia is included. 5. Causative get-constructions in the dialogued passages in F. Scott Fitzgerald’s novels The Beautiful and Damned and Tender Is the Night as gender-conditioned structures Gołąbek Rafał 2015-05-01 Full Text Available It goes without saying that in modern sociolinguistics there is a consensus with regard to the fact that the language of males and females differs. The initial sections of the article briefly address the peculiarities of gendered speech as to provide a theoretical background for checking whether the causative get is used similarly or differently by men and women in the two of F. Scott Fitzgerald’s novels: The Beautiful and Damned and Tender Is the Night. The basic expectation formed is that the motifs for triggering the use of causative get are of social rather than structural nature. Before the analysis is carried out, the group of the English periphrastic causatives are sketchily characterized. Generally, what has been found is that there is a clear, socially-motivated pattern of how F. Scott Fitzgerald uses the causative get in the dialogued occurrences in his two novels. Get is a characteristic of men’s talk, but it is also the expected form while female characters address male ones - hence the verb is labelled as “masculine” get. Moreover, it has been discovered that there does not seem to be any particular pattern in either the speaker’s mood or the speaker’s attitude expressed that would trigger the use of the causative verb in question. Yet, what seems to be a well-defined tendency, when it comes to the speaker-hearer power relation, is that the speaker usually assumes a more superior position than the hearer when he or she uses the causative verb. The superiority in most cases is strongly associated with masculinity. Hence, what is postulated is that the causative get is labelled not only as “masculine" but also as “superior”. 6. Anne Scott Sørensen, Ole Martin Høystad, Erling Bjurström and Halvard Vike Nye kulturstudier - En innføring, Oslo: Spartacus Forlag AS/Scandinavian Academic Press, 2008 Gösta Arvastson 2009-10-01 Full Text Available Nye kulturstudier [New Cultural Studies] is the first introduction to cultural studies in Scandinavia and an impressive presentation of the subject. The book aims to explain how cultural studies emerged as an interdisciplinary field in humanities and social sciences. Other introductions to cultural research in eth-nology and anthropology have been produced - but this one is different, since it is more comprehensive and am-bitious. Nye kulturstudier is the result of in-terdisciplinary collaboration between four colleagues from Norway, Sweden and Denmark. Senior lecturer Anne Scott Sørensen and Professor Ole Martin Høystad are affiliated to the Institute for Literature, Media and Cultural Studies at the University of Southern Denmark in Odense. Professor Erling Bjurström belongs to Tema Q at Linköping Uni-versity, and Professor Halvard Vike works at the Institute for Social Anthro-pology at Oslo University. The authors comment that they are oriented towards different subjects and educational pro-grammes at their respective universities. The book begins with a background to the theories and scientific traditions. This is followed by Cultural Analysis and Methodology, a chapter on Identity, Globalisation and Multiculturalism, one on Taste, Lifestyle and Consumption and, finally, by Nature, Body and Ex-perience Landscapes. 7. Effect of Vertical Shoot-Positioned, Scott-Henry, Geneva Double-Curtain, Arch-Cane, and Parral Training Systems on the Volatile Composition of Albariño Wines Mar Vilanova 2017-09-01 Full Text Available Viticultural practices influence both grape and wine quality. The influence of training systems on volatile composition was investigated for Albariño wine from Rías Baixas AOC in Northwest Spain. The odoriferous contribution of the compounds to the wine aroma was also studied. Volatile compounds belonging to ten groups (alcohols, C6-compounds, ethyl esters, acetates, terpenols, C13-norisoprenoids, volatile phenols, volatile fatty acids, lactones and carbonyl compounds were determined in Albariño wines from different training systems, Vertical Shoot-Positioned (VSP, Scott-Henry (SH, Geneva Double-Curtain (GDC, Arch-Cane (AC, and Parral (P during 2010 and 2011 vintages. Wines from GDC showed the highest total volatile composition with the highest concentrations of alcohols, ethyl esters, fatty acids, and lactones families. However, the highest levels of terpenes and C13-norisoprenoids were quantified in the SH system. A fruitier aroma was observed in Albariño wines from GDC when odor activity values were calculated. 8. Flood Insurance Rate Map, Scott County, USA Federal Emergency Management Agency, Department of Homeland Security — The Digital Flood Insurance Rate Map (DFIRM) Database depicts flood risk information and supporting data used to develop the risk data. The primary risk... 9. STAR TREK elab ja õilmitseb / Scott Abel Abel, Scott 2009-01-01 Artikli autor käis Bonnis "Star Treki" (USA, 1966-1969) fännide iga-aastasel kokkutulekul. Artiklis sellest, kuidas kulttussari on mõjutanud inimesi, kultuuri, meediat. Meenutavad näitleja Nichelle Nichols ja teismelisena sarja looja Gene Roddenberry juures vabatahtliku abilisena töötanud Richard Arnold. Sarja algusest, järgprojektidest ("Star Trek : The Next Generation", "Deep Space Nine" jt.) kuni J. J. Abramsi filmini, mis esilinastus 8. mail 10. Sir Charles Scott Sherrington (1857–1952) Sherrington had the genius to see the real need to amalgamate the scattered ideas in neurophysiology at that time, to give a compre- hensive overview that changed our ... and desire for travel were all because of him. Despite Sherrington's. 11. Le rôle de l’intertexte et du palimpseste dans la création d’une Écosse mythique dans Waverley et Rob Roy de Walter Scott Céline SABIRON 2010-03-01 Full Text Available L’Écosse des Lumières, récemment rattachée à sa puissante voisine anglaise par l’Acte d’Union de 1707, connaît une crise identitaire qui l’amène à une redéfinition de son image. Sa représentation, tant tangible, physique que mentale, nationale, passe par une réécriture de son Histoire par le mythe, ce récit imaginaire populaire ou littéraire mettant en scène des êtres surhumains et des actions remarquables qui est, selon Roland Barthes, « un discours, un système de communication, un message » (Mythologies. Ce message d’une re-construction identitaire est transmis par Walter Scott dans ses romans écossais, en particulier Waverley et Rob Roy qui dépeignent l’Écosse et ses habitants à travers les yeux naïfs d’érudits anglais. Ce portrait textuel, loin d’être un tableau réaliste, est brossé à l’aide d’une superposition d’images mythiques et littéraires, notamment dans la description des paysages des Highlands. De plus, les personnages, tel le héros populaire historique et hors-la-loi écossais Rob Roy, sont transformés, romancés, mythifiés dans ces fictions qui retracent, sous forme d’épopée, les grandes révoltes jacobites de 1715 et 1745. Enfin, le langage pictural et imagé contribue à véhiculer une vision mythique de l’Écosse. Nous chercherons donc à comprendre et à expliquer les motivations et les répercussions de ce maillage d’images fictives connues, tirées de mythes ou d’ouvrages littéraires, et tissées au moyen d’images rhétoriques au texte scottien pour créer nouveau visage écossais.Recently united to its powerful English twin sister through the 1707 Union Act, Scotland experiences a major identity crisis in the Enlightenment. Politically, religiously, and socially divided, it is led to redefine its image by rewriting history through mythology. A myth is “a speech, a system of communication, a message”, Roland Barthes explains in Mythologies. This message 12. Bob Scott: Tallinn 2011 saab oma preemiaraha kätte / Bob Scott ; intervjueerinud Teele Tammeorg Scott, Bob 2010-01-01 Euroopa kultuuripealinnade hindamiskomisjoni esimees räägib oma kohtumisest Tallinna linnapea Edgar Savisaare ja kultuuriministri Laine Jänesega ning sellest, et Tallinnal ja Eestil tuleb lisatoetuse saamiseks saata Euroopa Komisjonile vaid kiri, milles nad kinnitavad, et kultuuripealinna programmi jaoks on raha olemas 13. Discussion of “Geology and diamond distribution of the 140/141 kimberlite, Fort à la Corne, central Saskatchewan, Canada”, by A. Berryman, B.H. Scott-Smith and B.C. Jellicoe (Lithos v. 76, p. 99 114) Kjarsgaard, Bruce A.; Leckie, Dale A.; Zonneveld, John-Paul 2007-09-01 A wide variety of geological data and geological observations by numerous geoscientists do not support a two-stage crater excavation and in-fill model, or a champagne glass-shaped geometry for the 169 or 140/141 kimberlite bodies in the Fort à la Corne kimberlite field, Saskatchewan as described by Berryman, A., Scott Smith, B.H., Jellicoe, B., (2004). Rather, these kimberlite bodies are best described as polygenetic kimberlite tephra cones and tuff rings with associated feeder vents of variable geometry as shown by previous workers for the 169 kimberlite, the 140/141 kimberlite and the Star kimberlite. The domal tephra cone geometry is preserved due to burial by conformable Cretaceous marine mudstones and siltstones and is not an artifact of Quaternary glacial processes. 14. Control of Phytolyma lata Walker (Scott.) Attack on Milicia excelsa ... species plot (protected by mesh netting: T1), mixed-species plot (Milicia + Terminalia), mixed-species plot with foliar chemical treatment (T3), mono-species with foliar chemical treatment (T4) and untreated mono-species plot of Milicia excelsa ... 15. Installation Restoration Program. Phase 1. Records Search, Scott AFB, Illinois 1985-04-01 mission of defense of the United States, has long been engaged in a wide variety of opera- tions dealing with toxic and hazardous materials. Federal...Histopathology-Cytology Sewer Dental Clinic/Laboratory 1680 Yes Yes DPDO, Sanitary Sewer, Medical Logistics Radiology/X-Ray 1680 Yes Yes DPDO, Sanitary...disintegrate. HALOGEN: The class of chemical elements including fluorine , chlorine, i bromine, and iodine. HALON 1211: A fire extinguishing agent 16. Pattern formation in the bistable Gray-Scott model Mazin, W.; Rasmussen, K.E.; Mosekilde, Erik 1996-01-01 The paper presents a computer simulation study of a variety of far-from-equilibrium phenomena that can arise in a bistable chemical reaction-diffusion system which also displays Turing and Hopf instabilities. The Turing bifurcation curve and the wave number for the patterns of maximum linear grow... 17. DIGITAL FLOOD INSURANCE RATE MAP DATABASE, SCOTT COUNTY, KY Federal Emergency Management Agency, Department of Homeland Security — The Digital Flood Insurance Rate Map (DFIRM) Database depicts flood risk information and supporting data used to develop the risk data. The primary risk... 18. The death of Philosophy: A response to Stephen Hawking | Scott ... In his 2010 work, The Grand Design, Stephen Hawking, argues that '… philosophy is dead' (2010: 5). While not a Philosopher, Hawking provides strong argument for his thesis, principally that philosophers have not taken science sufficiently seriously and so Philosophy is no longer relevant to knowledge claims. 19. You have to lead from everywhere. Interviewed by Scott Berinato. 2010-11-01 When responding to a complex, fast-moving crisis, leaders must constantly adapt their mental models and create a "unity of effort." argues Allen, a retired U.S. Coast Guard admiral and the national incident commander for the Deepwater Horizon oil spill. That's a much bigger management challenge than approaching the job as a military operation and drawing on unity of command, and it can require nuanced and creative strategies, such as deciding to go "off book" when standard protocol simply won't work. In this edited interview, Allen--who also brought post-Katrina New Orleans back from the brink of anarchy and headed the Coast Guard's response to the September 11 attacks along the eastern seaboard-stresses the need to lead both from headquarters and on the ground. He discusses how the phenomenon of publicly available, real-time information has affected crisis management in recent years, addresses the challenges of managing multiple public and private stakeholders, and shares his thoughts on how to lead when an anxious public is counting on success. 20. The relativistic Scott correction for atoms and molecules Solovej, Jan Philip; Sørensen, Thomas Østergaard; Spitzer, Wolfgang L. 2010-01-01 We prove the first correction to the leading Thomas-Fermi energy for the ground state energy of atoms and molecules in a model where the kinetic energy of the electrons is treated relativistically. The leading Thomas-Fermi energy, established in [25], as well as the correction given here......, are of semiclassical nature. Our result on atoms and molecules is proved from a general semiclassical estimate for relativistic operators with potentials with Coulomb-like singularities. This semiclassical estimate is obtained using the coherent state calculus introduced in [36]. The paper contains a unified treatment... 1. Tests of Rock Cores Scott Study Area, Missouri 1970-05-01 little potassium feldspar is present in these cores. The bulk composition of this rock is quartz, plagio - clase feldspar (near oligoclase), chlorite...rhyolite porphyry, containing quartz and equal amounts of potassium and plagio - clase feldspar. Piece 22 of PC-2 (Figure 4.8) and Piece 22 of DC-5 (Figure...representative of this type. The bulk composition was Plagio - clase, orthoclase, quartz, biotite, and chlorite. About one-third of the pieces of the core 2. The relativistic Scott correction for atoms and molecules Solovej, Jan Philip; Sørensen, Thomas Østergaard; Spitzer, Wolfgang L. We prove the first correction to the leading Thomas-Fermi energy for the ground state energy of atoms and molecules in a model where the kinetic energy of the electrons is treated relativistically. The leading Thomas-Fermi energy, established in [25], as well as the correction given here are of s......We prove the first correction to the leading Thomas-Fermi energy for the ground state energy of atoms and molecules in a model where the kinetic energy of the electrons is treated relativistically. The leading Thomas-Fermi energy, established in [25], as well as the correction given here...... are of semi-classical nature. Our result on atoms and molecules is proved from a general semi-classical estimate for relativistic operators with potentials with Coulomb-like singularities. This semi-classical estimate is obtained using the coherent state calculus introduced in [36]. The paper contains... 3. OrthoImagery submittal for Scott County, Indiana Federal Emergency Management Agency, Department of Homeland Security — Digital orthographic imagery datasets contain georeferenced images of the Earth's surface, collected by a sensor in which object displacement has been removed for... 4. Extensions of Scott's Graph Model and Kleene's Second Algebra van Oosten, J.; Voorneveld, Niels We use a way to extend partial combinatory algebras (pcas) by forcing them to represent certain functions. In the case of Scott’s Graph Model, equality is computable relative to the complement function. However, the converse is not true. This creates a hierarchy of pcas which relates to similar 5. Scott Skipworth Torrens PhD Embodiment Diagrams.pdf Skipworth, Scott 2017-01-01 Disseminated Embodiment: My term for a repositioning of human embodiment for the 21st Century: no longer a distinct figure in relation to the built environment, but an expanding and contracting satellite system of the local and global built environment itself. 6. Conversation between photographer Brian Duffy and Grant Scott Scott, Grant 2010-01-01 Brian Duffy (15 June 1933 – 31 May 2010) was an English photographer and film producer, best remembered for his fashion and portrait photography of the 1960s and 1970s.\\ud \\ud In 1957 Duffy was hired by British Vogue working under art director John Parsons where he remained working until 1963. During this time he worked closely with top models Jean Shrimpton (who he introduced to David Bailey), Paulene Stone, Joy Weston, Jennifer Hocking and Judy Dent.\\ud \\ud With fellow photographers; David ... 7. Installation Development Environmental Assessment at Scott Air Force Base, Illinois 2007-05-01 canopy that is approximately 30 to 40 percent open. The understory of the Riparian Forest is relatively sparse; however, stinging nettle and white...forests. The species forages for insects along stream corridors, within the canopy of f1oodplain and upland forests, over clearings with early 8. Linux vallutab arvutiilma / Scott Handy ; interv. Kristjan Otsmann Handy, Scott 2000-01-01 IBM tarkvaragrupi Linuxi lahenduste turundusdirektor S. Handy prognoosib, et kolme-nelja aasta pärast kasutab tasuta operatsioonisüsteemi Linux sama palju arvuteid kui Windowsi operatsioonisüsteemi 9. DIGITAL FLOOD INSURANCE RATE MAP DATABASE, Scott County, VA, USA Federal Emergency Management Agency, Department of Homeland Security — The Digital Flood Insurance Rate Map (DFIRM) Database depicts flood risk information and supporting data used to develop the risk data. The primary risk... 10. 76 FR 71042 - Scott S. Reuben: Debarment Order 2011-11-16 ... CONTACT: Kenny Shade, Division of Compliance Policy (HFC-230), Office of Enforcement, Office of Regulatory...: Dr. Reuben was a physician licensed by the State of Massachusetts working as an anesthesiologist... Western Massachusetts and maintained an office at the hospital for the purpose of conducting research. Dr... 11. Scott J Shapiro between Positivism and Non-Positivism Alexy, Robert 2016-01-01 Roč. 7, č. 2 (2016), s. 299-306 ISSN 2040-3313 Institutional support: RVO:68378122 Keywords : positivism * law’s claims * non- positivism Subject RIV: AG - Legal Sciences http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/20403313.2016.1190149?needAccess=true 12. Maintenance and Drainage Guidance for the Scott Base Transition, Antarctica 2014-10-01 albedo and quickens the melt. Several strategies reduce the amount of dirt tracked on- to the ice shelf: 1. Any vehicles using the ice shelf should...the Ice Transition segment of the SBT is to keep the snow albedo high (keep snow white). This reduces roadway and road-base disin- tegration (i.e...closest to the cliff was 38 ft (11.6 m) deep, and all but the furthest seaward hole encountered sediment (presumably the sea floor or the under- ice 13. L. Sumera: Symphony No. 5 / Michael Scott Rohan Rohan, Michael Scott 1997-01-01 L. Sumera: Symphony No. 5; Music for Chamber Orchestra, In memorian. Malmö Symphony Orchestra / Paavo Järvi. BIS CD-770. 64-35 DDD; Various. Searching for Roots - music from Estonia. Virgin VC 5 43242 2; 71: 34 DDD 14. Further Refinements of Jensen’s Type Inequalities for the Function Defined on the Rectangle 2013-01-01 Full Text Available We give refinement of Jensen’s type inequalities given by Bakula and Pečarić (2006 for the co-ordinate convex function. Also we establish improvement of Jensen’s inequality for the convex function of two variables. 15. Feminismo transnacional: re-lendo Joan Scott no sertão Transnational Feminism: Re-reading Joan Scott in the Brazilian Sertão MILLIE THAYER 2001-01-01 Full Text Available Os textos sobre a globalização costumam pintar um mundo totalmente dominado pelo fluxo do capital global, que nega a grandes setores da humanidade um papel na divisão internacional do trabalho. Passando dessa análise econômica à política e à cultural, alguns teóricos concluem que todo o sentido evaporou dos contextos locais, deixando os habitantes isolados, incapazes de articular suas próprias alternativas às agendas globais. No entanto, um trabalho de campo com um movimento de mulheres rurais brasileiras em um desses lugares "estruturalmente irrelevantes" encontra uma outra face da globalização, com efeitos potencialmente positivos. Essas ativistas locais criam sentidos numa rede transnacional de relações político-culturais que traz benefícios e riscos ao movimento delas. Ali, as mulheres rurais se envolvem com uma gama de militantes feministas, de localizações diversas, em relações constituídas tanto pelo poder quanto pela solidariedade. Elas defendem sua autonomia em relação às imposições dos financiadores internacionais, negociam recursos políticos com feministas brasileiras, apropriam-se dos discursos feministas transnacionais e os transformam. Nesse processo, as mulheres rurais se utilizam de seus próprios recursos, com base exatamente no caráter local do movimento, caráter cujo desaparecimento é lamentado pelos teóricos da globalização.Accounts of globalization often depict a world awash in faceless flows of global capital that deprive broad sectors of humanity of a role in the international division of labor. Extrapolating from this economic analysis to politics and culture, some theorists conclude that meaning has evaporated from local sites, leaving their isolated inhabitants unable to articulate their own alternatives to global agendas. However, fieldwork with a rural Brazilian women's movement in one of these 'structurally irrelevant' places, finds another face of globalization with more potentially positive effects. These local activists create meaning in a transnational web of political/cultural relations that brings benefits as well as risks for their movement. Rural women engage with a variety of differently located feminist actors in relations constituted both by power and by solidarity. They defend their autonomy from the impositions of international funders, negotiate over political resources with urban Brazilian feminists, and appropriate and transform transnational feminist discourses. In this process, the rural women draw on resources of their own, based on the very local-ness whose demise is bemoaned by globalization theorists. 16. Fort Scott Lake Cultural Resource Study. Part 1. Archaeological and Geomorphological Inventory and Evaluation at the Proposed Fort Scott Lake Project, Southeast Kansas 1989-01-01 elm (Ulmus americana). Other common components of the forest are winged elm (Ulmus alata), sycamore (Platanus occidentalis), and butternut hickory...large Woodland assemblage from the Slippery Rock site (14BO26) and site 14BO3 (Bradley and Harder 1974) was interpreted by the original investigators 17. Environmental Assessment of Installation Development at Scott Air Force Base, Illinois 2012-08-01 during the historical period, tribes with cultural roots in an area might not currently reside in the region where the undertaking is to occur...perimeter roots to a depth between 6 and 12 inches below existing grade and removing excessive wood chips. Ground within a radius of 10 feet...stinging nettle (Laportea canadensis) and white heath aster (Symphyotrichum sp.) dominate a dense herbaceous layer in this community (SAFB 2010c 18. The enigmatic genus Stenichnoteras scott from the seychelles (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Scydmaeninae). Jałoszyński, Paweł 2014-06-03 The genus Stenichnoteras, known from the Seychelles and represented by a single known species, St. montanum, is redescribed and redefined. The morphological structures of St. montanum are described and illustrated in detail. Similarities and possible affinities with other genera of Cyrtoscydmini are discussed, and it is concluded that Stenichnoteras may be closely related to Euconnus, despite an apparent difference in the shape of prothorax and some mesoventral structures. 19. The Stille Reaction (Vittorio Farina, Venkat Krishnamurthy, and William J. Scott) Cochran, John C. 1999-10-01 In 1997, Volume 50 of Organic Reactions was published in a handsome and appropriate gold hard-cover edition. This was only the third volume in this prestigious series that consisted of a single chapter. The treatise, The Stille Reaction, describes a palladium-catalyzed cross-coupling between a carbon ligand on tin and a carbon with electrophilic character. This reaction has been around only since 1977, and the literature is covered here through 1994 with a few references in 1995. It is truly astounding that, in the space of about 17 years, a new reaction could generate enough literature for not only a chapter in Organic Reactions, but a complete volume of 652 pages, 864 literature citations, and more than 4300 specific reaction examples. The editorial board of Organic Reactions has graciously decided to make this extensive review available to a broader audience by authorizing a paperback edition of The Stille Reaction. While the mechanistic details of the Stille reaction are generally understood, there are many fine points that must be tuned to each case. For instance, about 15 different solvents have been used, ranging in polarity from benzene to water; at least ten different ligands for the palladium atom are available and they range from hard to soft; CuI, Ag2CO3, and LiCl are sometimes useful cocatalysts but sometimes have no effect, and in some cases LiCl is inhibitory; vinyl triflates couple with alkenyl-, alkynyl- and allylstannanes but not with arylstannanes; reaction temperatures vary from room temperature to refluxing DMF. An important consideration is that most stannanes are reasonably air and moisture stable and do not react with most common functional groups. Thus, it is not necessary to build protection-deprotection sequences into the synthetic scheme. The extensive reaction examples are arranged in 33 tables that show, for each reaction, the structures of the electrophile, the stannane, and the product and specify the catalyst, cocatalyst, solvent temperature, and yield. The tables are sequenced by the structure of the electrophiles, which are listed in order of increasing carbon count for the group that is transferred. For the same electrophile, different stannanes are listed by the increasing carbon count of the group transferred from tin. For example, the three tables with the most examples are titled "Direct Cross-Coupling of Alkenyl Electrophiles," "Direct Cross-Coupling of Aryl Electrophiles", and "Direct Cross-Coupling of Miscellaneous Heterocyclic Electrophiles". They include 661, 1043, and 339 examples, respectively. The narrative section of the book begins with an overview of the mechanism, regiochemistry, and stereochemistry of the Stille reaction. This is followed by discussions of the scope and limitations of both the electrophilic species and the stannane. The Stille reaction can also involve the incorporation of a carbonyl in the coupling sequence. The carbonyl results from inclusion of carbon monoxide in the reaction medium. This variation of the reaction is also discussed. The narrative continues with discussion of Hech-Stille tandem sequences, side reactions, and comparisons with other cross-coupling reactions. It concludes with a very useful section on experimental considerations and nine examples of procedures from the literature. The book also includes a useful index (covering the narrative section), which has been added to the original Organic Reactions edition. Finally, it should be noted that a careful inspection of the thousands of structures in the table did not turn up one typographical error. In a 1993 research paper (J. Org. Chem. 1993, 58, 5434) the lead author, Vittorio Farina, writes that "A survey of applications of transition metal-mediated cross-coupling reactions for the year 1992 shows that the Stille coupling accounts for over 50% of all cross-couplings reported." It seems that, given the magnitude of this review, the significance of this reaction has continued to grow. Every synthetic organic chemist should have easy access to the massive amount of information contained in this book. 20. Environmental Assessment: Military Housing Privatization Initiative at Scott Air Force Base, Illinois 2005-09-01 OUTDOOR NOISE SOURCES NOISE LEVEL (dBA) COMMON INDOOR NOISE LEVELS COMMON OUTDOOR NOISE LEVELS Gas Lawn Mower at 3 ft. Diesel Truck at 50 ft. Noise...Urban Daytime Gas Lawn Mower at 100 ft. Commercial Area Heavy Traffic at 300 ft. Quiet Urban Daytime Quiet Urban Nighttime Quiet Rural Nighttime Quiet 1. Finding Superman & Global Competitiveness: A Conversation with Arthur Levine & Watson Scott Swail. Policy Perspectives Levine, Arthur; Swail, Watson Scott 2014-01-01 On March 21 2013, the "Educational Policy Institute" held the first day of the EPI Forum on Education & the Economy in Orlando, Florida. The Forum was designed to discuss critical issues related to the nexus of education and the workforce. This document presents the transcribed session that featured two of the authors of the Teachers… 2. 75 FR 36608 - Drawbridge Operation Regulation; Atlantic Intracoastal Waterway, (AIWW) Scotts Hill, NC 2010-06-28 ... to the docket to support concerns that vehicle traffic across the bridge had increased or was... change would have allowed the drawbridge to open on signal every hour on the half hour for the passage of... have allowed the drawbridge to open on signal every hour on the half hour for the passage of pleasure... 3. Environmental Assessment Addressing Gate Complex Construction at Scott Air Force Base, Illinois 2014-04-01 of low permeability, Pennsylvanian-age shale with thin, discontinuous beds of sandstone and limestone (SAFB 2011c). EA for Gate Complex...deposits is the Pennsylvanian-age layers of shale, siltstone, sandstone , limestone, claystone, and coal, lying approximately 85 feet below ground surface...The Pennsylvanian strata are approximately 265 feet thick. Water-yielding Chesterian Series sandstones lie beneath the Pennsylvanian strata. The 4. CAROLIN GOERZIG. TALKING TO TERRORISTS: CONCESSIONS AND THE RENUNCIATION OF VIOLENCE. REVIEWED BY: SCOTT NICHOLAS ROMANIUK Scott Nicholas Romaniuk 2016-03-01 Full Text Available “Talking to terrorists remains a taboo” (Goerzig, 2010: p. 125. The adoption and reinforcement of such a moral position by many Western and non-Western governments alike has played no small role in, to a large extent, states to contain the violence and insecurity bred by terror activist in the post-Cold war and post-9/11 periods. Yet, few policymakers seem to recognize the danger in building political and social environments in which dialogue between states and terrorist groups and organizations is little more than depravity or even a betrayal to entire populations. To be sure, the protection of civilian populations has been entrusted to states that might otherwise learn better means of terrorism deterrence if lines of communication between states and terrorists were less constrained. The taboo of which Carolin Goerzig speaks, is one that “has been institutionalized in a legal framework in which … academics are being asked to report on their students and in which attempting to understand the subjectivities of ‘terrorist’ suspects could be interpreted as a ‘glorification of terrorism’” (Jackson quoted in Goerzig, 2010: p. 125. 5. Flows from early Modernism into the Interior Streets of Venturi, Rauch and Scott Brown Theunissen, K. 2010-01-01 In 1972 the famous diagram of the ‘Decorated Shed’ was introduced into the architectural discourse; it implied a definition of ‘architecture as shelter with decoration on it’ [1]. The diagram was part of urban research into the commercial environment of Las Vegas that was interpreted by the 6. Ian Scott, From Pinewood to Hollywood: British Filmmakers in American Cinema, 1910-1969. Hilaria Loyo 2011-05-01 Full Text Available Ian Scott’s From Pinewood to Hollywood is a book about the emigration, film careers and socio-cultural influence of British filmmakers who moved to Hollywood during a time period that precedes and follows the studio era, as clearly indicated in its subtitle, British Filmmakers in American Cinema, 1910-1969. Although it is not presented as such, this book can be seen as a timely contribution to the recent academic interest within film studies in the transnational practices that have historical... 7. Scott Gilmore | CRDI - Centre de recherches pour le développement ... Carrières · Communiquez avec nous · Plan du site. Abonnez-vous à notre bulletin pour recevoir les nouvelles du CRDI chaque mois. Abonnez-vous · Droits d'auteur · Éthique de la recherche · Politique de libre accès · Politique de confidentialité · Transparence · Utilisation du site Web. Suivez-nous; Facebook · Twitter ... 8. Lone Wolf or Leader of the Pack?: Rethinking the Grand Narrative of Fred Newton Scott Mastrangelo, Lisa 2010-01-01 Americans are obsessed with heroes, and they seemingly create them from anyone and everyone, anywhere and everywhere. This predilection is also clear in American histories. Their belief in heroes shows their connection to their society and culture, their willingness to follow someone in their social settings, and their belief that good people who… 9. Terrestrial Biological Inventory, Hillview Drainage and Levee District, Greene and Scott Counties, Illinois. 1982-01-01 Timothy) Setaria faberi ’derrm. (Giant Foxtail) Setaria u-tescens (Weigel) Hubb. (Yellow Foxtail) Setaria viridis (L.) Beauv. (Green Foxtail) Spartina...Potamore toa nodosus Poir. (Long-leaved Poadveed) PRIMU]L&CEAE Lysimachia nummalaria L.. (Moneywort) &OSACEAE *Crataegus viridis L. (Southern Thorn... Fragaria vi-riniana Duchesne. (Cultivated Strawberry) Potentilla simplex 1uichx. (Common Cinquef oil) *Prunus americans Marsh. (Wild Plum) *Prunus 10. Aldred Scott Warthin's Family 'G' : The American Plot Against Cancer and Heredity (1895-1940) Pieters, A.H.L.M. 2017-01-01 According to many, the genetic technology used in cancer is a promising test case of twenty-first century ‘genomic medicine’. However, it is important to realize that accounting for the genetic or hereditary factors in cancer medicine is not new. Since at least the eighteenth century, medical 11. Review of behavioral health integration in primary care at Baylor Scott and White Healthcare, Central Region Jolly, John B.; Fluet, Norman R.; Reis, Michael D.; Stern, Charles H.; Thompson, Alexander W.; Jolly, Gillian A. 2016-01-01 The integration of behavioral health services in primary care has been referred to in many ways, but ultimately refers to common structures and processes. Behavioral health is integrated into primary care because it increases the effectiveness and efficiency of providing care and reduces costs in the care of primary care patients. Reimbursement is one factor, if not the main factor, that determines the level of integration that can be achieved. The federal health reform agenda supports change... 12. Peering into peer review: Galileo, ESP, Dr Scott Reuben, and advancing our professional evolution. Biddle, Chuck 2011-10-01 The fundamental purpose of peer review is quality control that facilitates the introduction of information into our discipline; information that is essential to the care of patients who require anesthesia services. While the AANA Journal relies heavily on this process to maintain the overall quality of our scholarly literature, it may fail that objective under certain conditions. This editorial serves to inform readers of the nature and goals of the peer review process. 13. Two step estimation for Neyman-Scott point process with inhomogeneous cluster centers Mrkvička, T.; Muška, Milan; Kubečka, Jan 2014-01-01 Roč. 24, č. 1 (2014), s. 91-100 ISSN 0960-3174 R&D Projects: GA ČR(CZ) GA206/07/1392 Institutional support: RVO:60077344 Keywords : bayesian method * clustering * inhomogeneous point process Subject RIV: EH - Ecology, Behaviour Impact factor: 1.623, year: 2014 14. A Political Case of Penetrating Cranial Trauma: The Injury of James Scott Brady. Menger, Richard; Kalakoti, Piyush; Hanif, Rimal; Ahmed, Osama; Nanda, Anil; Guthikonda, Bharat 2017-09-01 15. 76 FR 71375 - Scott D. Fedosky, M.D.; Denial of Application 2011-11-17 ... statement of position and supporting letter, I conclude that the Government has made out a prima facie case... inconsistent with the public interest. However, where the Government makes out a prima facie case to deny an... the public interest. In this matter, I conclude that the Government has established a prima facie case... 16. Uus ajastu - las vabatahtlikud arendavad sinu äri / Cook Scott Scott, Cook 2008-01-01 Kuidas luua ettevõtte jaoks kasumit teeniv tarbijate panuse süsteem. Skeem: Tarbijate panuste liigitus. Vt. samas: Panuste süsteemide kasutamine; Kuidas see meil Intuitis edeneb?; Miks panustajad panustavad? 17. 78 FR 18633 - Notice of Public Meeting of Fort Scott Council 2013-03-27 ... recommendations related to the Center's programmatic goals, target audiences, content, implementation and... input on a marketing presentation and develop task groups for the Council's strategic work plan. The... 18. 76 FR 39812 - Scotts Miracle-Gro Co.; Regulatory Status of Kentucky Bluegrass Genetically Engineered for... 2011-07-07 ... engineered for herbicide tolerance without the use of plant pest components, does not meet the definition of... Environmental Analysis Branch, Biotechnology Regulatory Services, APHIS, 4700 River Road, Unit 147, Riverdale... introduction of a plant pest or noxious weed into the United States or dissemination of a plant pest or noxious... 19. Name etymology and its symbolic value in Francis Scott Fitzgerald's "The great Gatsby" Vanja Avsenak 2003-12-01 Full Text Available The aim of my paper is to scrutinize the manifold interpretations of proper names and their possible symbolical value that the reading of F. S. Fitzgerald's classic leaves in the reader. On the whole, the novel's internal structure is rather comprised, which consequently makes the story exact, its plot condensed, but behind this seemingly concise and more or less simple language the author nevertheless manages to embody powerful symbolism that speaks for itself. It is disputable whether Fitzgerald truly aimed to produce such a strong metaphorical emphasis that would most minutely delineate America's social character in the turbulent twenties as projected in the personal stories of the novel's leading protagonists. Within this figurative scope, large as it is, 1 therefore focus only on the significance of proper names and their obvious contribution to the holistic social portrayal. It may be only a minor, but nevertheless one of the most reliable and crucial means of outlining the consequences of the postwar spiritual apathy that overwhelmed the American nation and was in­ duced by the societal downfall due to the disillusion of the American Dream. How this Dream influenced each individual's and society's destiny remains to be my goal in this article. For the purpose of analysis 1 rely on the 1994 Penguin edition. All direct quotes from now on are to be taken from this source. 20. The Promise and Failure of the American Dream in Scott Fitzgerald’s Fiction Mitra Tiur 2009-01-01 Full Text Available The Great Gatsby is Fitzgerald’s best fictional account of the promise and failure of the American dream because here the congruity of story and style and attitude is most meaningful to the depiction of this theme. Fitzgerald created Gatsby and his myth to be an emblem of the irony and the corruption of the American dream. Fitzgerald was the embodiment of the fluid polarities of American experience: success and failure, illusion and disillusion, dream and nightmare. The exhaustion of the frontier and the rebound of the post war expatriate movement marked for Fitzgerald as the end of a long period in human history, the history of the Post-Renaissance man in America, that he made the substance of his works. Fitzgerald’s ideology, a serious criticism on the American Dream, reveals the real nature of American life so that he could find a way to the truth of the American identity. 1. Combined action of S-carvone and mild heat treatment on Listeria monocytogenes Scott A Karatzas, A.K.; Bennik, M.H.J.; Smid, E.J.; Kets, E.P.W. 2000-01-01 The combined action of the plant-derived volatile, S-carvone, and mild heat treatment on the food-borne pathogen, Listeria monocytogenes, was evaluated. The viability of exponential phase cultures grown at 8 °C could be reduced by 1.3 log units after exposure to S-carvone (5 mmol 1-1) for 30 min at 2. The Manifestations of Military Gender Role Issue on Ridley Scott's G. I. Jane Movie PUTRA, ABEDNEGO ANGGA JURIAN 2015-01-01 Keywords: gender discrimination, women in military, feminism, G.I. Jane movie. Gender discrimination threats the equality of women's role. One of the causes of gender discrimination is patriarchal system in society. A movie entitled G.I. Jane reveals some causes and manifestations of gender discrimination in military.This research applies Feminism approach to analyze a movie entitled G.I. Jane. This study also applies the concept of gender role, women in military, and film studies.The result ... 3. DIGITAL FLOOD INSURANCE RATE MAP DATABASE, SCOTT COUNTY, MISSISSIPPI AND INCORPORATED AREAS Federal Emergency Management Agency, Department of Homeland Security — The Digital Flood Insurance Rate Map (DFIRM) Database depicts flood risk information and supporting data used to develop the risk data. The primary risk... 4. A Scott bench with ergonomic thorax stabilisation pad improves body posture during preacher arm curl exercise. Biscarini, Andrea; Benvenuti, Paolo; Busti, Daniele; Zanuso, Silvano 2016-05-01 5. 76 FR 17694 - Scott C. Bickman, M.D.; Revocation of Registration 2011-03-30 ... 476-77. Respondent did not order the controlled substances but would tell the clinic's nurse when the... issued her recommended decision (also ALJ). Therein, the ALJ found that Respondent had materially... denied.'' Id. Thereafter, Respondent filed exceptions to the ALJ's decision. The record was then... 6. Intervjuu Šoti finants- ja välissuhete aseministri Tavish Scottiga / Tavish Scott Scott, Tavish 2004-01-01 Šoti finants- ja välissuhete aseminister vastab küsimustele Eesti liitumise kohta Euroopa Liiduga. Vaata samas : Suurbritannia tervitab "Ideede risttee" üritustesarjaga Eesti ühinemist Euroopa Liiduga; "Äri risttee". Lisa: "Ideede risttee" üritusi 7. Transnational Feminism: Re-reading Joan Scott in the Brazilian Sertão Millie Thayer 2001-01-01 Full Text Available Accounts of globalization often depict a world awash in faceless flows of global capital that deprive broad sectors of humanity of a role in the international division of labor. Extrapolating from this economic analysis to politics and culture, some theorists conclude that meaning has evaporated from local sites, leaving their isolated inhabitants unable to articulate their own alternatives to global agendas. However, fieldwork with a rural Brazilian women’s movement in one of these ‘structurally irrelevant’ places, finds another face of globalization with more potentially positive effects. These local activists create meaning in a transnational web of political/cultural relations that brings benefits as well as risks for their movement. Rural women engage with a variety of differently located feminist actors in relations constituted both by power and by solidarity. They defend their autonomy from the impositions of international funders, negotiate over political resources with urban Brazilian feminists, and appropriate and transform transnational feminist discourses. In this process, the rural women draw on resources of their own, based on the very local-ness whose demise is bemoaned by globalization theorists. 8. A Second Look: Scott O'Dell's Sing Down the Moon. Perry Nodelman 1984-01-01 When I wrote this in 1984, I thought of myself as a humane and tolerant person expressing humane, tolerant views. I'm uploading it three decades later because I find much of what I say here embarrassing--and because what embarrasses me is my utterly unconscious assumption of white male privilege. I praise O'Dell's choice of not providing his young Navaho narrator with a name for much of the book--a choice I now see as a commentary on the deprivation of her personhood that in fact confirms and... 9. International recognition for ageing research: John Scott Award-2014 to Leonard Hayflick and Paul Moorhead Rattan, Suresh 2014-01-01 is the oldest scientific award in the United States and, as a legacy to Benjamin Franklin, they are in the historic company of past winners who include Marie Curie, Thomas Edison, Jonas Salk, Irving Langmuir, Nicola Tesla, Guglielmo Marconi, R. Buckminister Fuller, Sir Alexander Fleming, Sir Howard Florey... 10. Comparison of potassium hydroxide mount and mycological culture with histopathologic examination using periodic acid-Schiff staining of the nail clippings in the diagnosis of onychomycosis. Shenoy, M Manjunath; Teerthanath, S; Karnaker, Vimal K; Girisha, B S; Krishna Prasad, M S; Pinto, Jerome 2008-01-01 Onychomycosis is a common problem noticed in clinical practice. Currently available standard laboratory methods show inconsistent sensitivity; hence there is a need for newer methods of detection. This study involves comparison of standard laboratory tests in the diagnosis of onychomycosis, namely, potassium hydroxide mount (KOH mount) and mycological culture, with histopathologic examination using periodic acid-Schiff (PAS) staining of the nail clippings. A total of 101 patients with clinically suspected onychomycosis were selected. Nail scrapings and clippings were subjected to KOH mount for direct microscopic examination, culture using Sabouraud's dextrose agar (with and without antibiotics) and histopathologic examination with PAS staining (HP/PAS). Statistical analysis was done by McNemar's test. Direct microscopy with KOH mount, mycological culture, and HP/PAS showed positive results in 54 (53%), 35 (35%), and 76 (75%) patients respectively. Laboratory evidence of fungal infection was obtained in 84 samples by at least one of these three methods. Using this as the denominator, HP/PAS had a sensitivity of 90%, which was significantly higher compared to that of KOH mount (64%) or mycological culture (42%). Histopathologic diagnosis with PAS staining of nail clippings was the most sensitive among the tests. It was easy to perform, rapid, and gave significantly higher rates of detection of onychomycosis compared to the standard methods, namely KOH mount and mycological culture. 11. Porter S Five Forces Model Scott Morton S Five Forces Model Bakos Treacy Model Analyzes Strategic Information Systems Management Gamayanto, Indra 2004-01-01 Wollongong City Council (WCC) is one of the most progressive and innovative local government organizations in Australia. Wollongong City Council use Information Technology to gain the competitive advantage and to face a global economy in the future. Porter's Five Force model is one of the models that can be using at Wollongong City Council because porter's five Forces model has strength in relationship between buyer and suppliers (Bargaining power of suppliers and bargaining power of buyers).... 12. 76 FR 19187 - City of Davenport, Iowa-Construction and Operation Exemption-in Scott County, Iowa 2011-04-06 ... the Eastern Iowa Industrial Center, an industrial park, with rail access. The City will hire an... design and in the rail alignment, OEA, the FHWA, the Iowa Department of Transportation, and the City... 13. Perceived organisational support and commitment among employees at a higher education institution in South Africa / Chantalle Scott Scott, Chantalle 2014-01-01 Higher education in a democratic South Africa faces huge challenges – primarily the need to achieve greater equity, efficiency and effectiveness in institutions and across the system. Universities had to open their doors to students of all races, transform curricula to become more locally relevant, and produce scholars able to address South Africa’s problems. When organisations face these changes, they still need to support their employees. They need to ensure that the employee... 14. Forum: Making Sense of the Opt-Out Movement: "Education Next" Talks with Scott Levy and Jonah Edelman Levy, Scott; Edelman, Jonah 2016-01-01 Over the past few years, students by the thousands have refused to take their state's standardized tests. This "opt-out" phenomenon has prompted debate in state legislatures and in Washington, putting states at risk of losing Title I funds. Advocates describe opt-out as a grassroots movement of parents concerned about overtesting,… 15. 76 FR 17664 - Endangered and Threatened Wildlife and Plants; Permits, City of Scotts Valley and Santa Cruz... 2011-03-30 ... Documents You may download a copy of the IPHCP, IAs and related documents on the Internet at http://www.fws... copies of the Draft IPHCP, Draft EA, and/or Draft IAs, should contact the Service by telephone (see FOR..., February 4, 1994; 62 FR 3616, January 24, 1997). Section 9 of the Act (16 U.S.C. 1531 et seq.) and our... 16. Scott Shuler's "Music and Education in the Twenty-First Century: A Retrospective"--Review and Response McLain, Barbara Payne 2014-01-01 Predicting the future is a challenging task for music education, requiring both retrospection, analysis of current events, and foresight. This article examines several predictions from 2001 and challenges music educators to consider factors that may influence the future of teaching music in society. 17. Response to inquiry request from the Ludwig, Schilthuis, Boonstra, Wright, Bryzgorni and Johnstone families and Dr. W. O. Scott 2000-01-01 An EUB inquiry into oil and gas activities in the Hythe and Beaverlodge area in Alberta was requested by a number of families and individuals, living near the area, complaining of emissions from petroleum operations, as well as expressing concerns about increasing community frustration and intentional damage to petroleum facilities. During the Board's consideration of the request two members of the group, Wiebo Ludwig and Richard Boonstra, were charged with criminal offences related to damage to oil and gas facilities in northwestern Alberta. They were tried and convicted for these offences in April 2000. Subsequently, the Board denied the request for an inquiry on the grounds that the oil and gas operations identified by the families have been conducted in compliance with the terms of the respective companies' approvals, licences and permits, and the operations conformed to provincial standards. Furthermore, the families, especially the Ludwig, Boonstra and Schilthuis families, have consistently demonstrated a lack of cooperation over the years in participating in efforts initiated by the Board, industry and government, to find solutions to their concerns. Also, the Board found no objective evidence that the harmful effects identified by the families resulted from the lawful activities of the energy companies operating in the Hythe area. This Memorandum of Decision contains the detailed reasoning of the Board for denying the request for an inquiry, and to provide context, including facts about the extent, scope and performance of oil and gas operations in the area. 2 figs 18. PENCITRAAN AMERICAN NIGHTMARE MELALUI PENGGUNAAN ARCHETYPEDAN LOOSE SENTENCE STRUCTUREDALAM “THE GREAT GATSBY” KARYA F. SCOTT. FIZGERALD Tintin Susilowati 2014-12-01 Full Text Available Penelitian ini adalah penelitian stilistika yang mengkaji tentang penggunaan archetype dan loose sentence structure dalam membangun kesan mental pembaca tentang American Nightmare. Melalui penelitian ini, peneliti peneliti menggali pola-pola penggunaan archetype, loose sentence structure, serta konsep mental pembaca dalam memahami bacaan.Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui efektifitas gaya penulisan Fizgerald dengan menggunakan ornamen berupa archetype, loose sentence structure guna membangun kesan mental pembaca tentang America Nightmare. Pendekatan penelitian ini adalah deskriptive kualitatif sedangkan desainnya adalah library research. Data yang digunakan adalah data primer berupa kutipankutipan yang dicari dari novel, selain itu juga data sekunder berupa referensireferensi pendukung. Peneliti juga menggunakan coding dalam proses koleksi data. Teknik ini digunakan untuk membantu peneliti dalam mengklasifikasikan data. Lebih lanjut, penelitian ini merupakan penelitian dokumentasi maka dalam analisis peneliti menggunakan pendekatan content analysis selain itu interactive analysis juga digunakan peneliti dalam tahap analisis data. Dalam penelitian ini diperoleh data sebagai berikut, 1.ditemukan data tentang penggunaan archetype sejumlah 851 data/ 70.79%; 2. ditemukan data tentang penggunaan loose sentence structure sejumlah 351 data/ 29.20 %; 3. ditemukan data tentang penggunaan archetype dan loose sentence structure secara bersamaan sejumlah 1202 data/ 100%. Sedangkan kesimpulan dari penelitian ini adalah:penggunaan kedua ornamen khususnya berupa archetype didukung juga oleh penggunaan loose sentence structure membuat kontek dari sebuah teks mudah dipahami, Kedua ornamen tersebut meminimalis kesulitan pembaca dalam berinteraksi dengan teks. 19. The CELSS Antarctic Analog Project: An Advanced Life Support Testbed at the Amundsen-Scott South Pole Station, Antarctica Straight, Christian L.; Bubenheim, David L.; Bates, Maynard E.; Flynn, Michael T. 1994-01-01 CELSS Antarctic Analog Project (CAAP) represents a logical solution to the multiple objectives of both the NASA and the National Science Foundation (NSF). CAAP will result in direct transfer of proven technologies and systems, proven under the most rigorous of conditions, to the NSF and to society at large. This project goes beyond, as it must, the generally accepted scope of CELSS and life support systems including the issues of power generation, human dynamics, community systems, and training. CAAP provides a vivid and starkly realistic testbed of Controlled Ecological Life Support System (CELSS) and life support systems and methods. CAAP will also be critical in the development and validation of performance parameters for future advanced life support systems. 20. Bordering and ordering the European neighbourhood : a critical perspective on EU territoriality and geopolitics / James Wesley Scott Scott, James Wesley 2009-01-01 Kaitse ja koostöö agendade põrkumisest ELi territooriumi piiritlemisel ELi ja naaberriikide piiriüleste kodanikeühenduste näitel. ELi ja Ukraina vahelistest suhetest Euroopa naabruspoliitika kontekstis 1. Kinetic Super-Resolution Long-Wave Infrared (KSR LWIR) Thermography Diagnostic for Building Envelopes: Scott AFB, IL 2015-08-18 structures. The system software au- tomatically analyzes the thermal imagery and provides a custom report for each building that recommends cost-effective...possible using traditional thermogra- phy. This includes building facade data and building orientation. The au- tomated data processing system also 2. Genes that are involved in high hydrostatic pressure treatments in a Listeria monocytogenes Scott A ctsR deletion mutant Listeria monocytogenes is a food-borne pathogen of significant threat to public health. High Hydrostatic Pressure (HHP) treatment can be used to control L. monocytogenes in food. The CtsR (class three stress gene repressor) protein negatively regulates the expression of class III heat shock genes.... 3. Review of the West Indian Arachnocoris Scott, 1881 (Hemiptera: Nabidae), with descriptions of two new species, and a catalog of the species Javier E. Mercado; Jorge A. Santiago-Blay; Michael D. Webb 2016-01-01 We review the West Indian species of Arachnocoris, a genus of spider-web dwelling kleptoparasitic nabids. We recognize five species: A. berytoides Uhler from Grenada, A. darlingtoni n. sp. from Hispaniola, A. karukerae Lopez-Moncet from Guadeloupe, A. portoricensis n. sp. from Puerto Rico, and A. trinitatis Bergroth from Trinidad. West Indian Arachnocoris... 4. A análise do nível superficial da narrativa do filme "BLADE RUNNER: O CAÇADOR DE ANDRÓIDES de Ridley Scott" Anna Maria Balogh 1985-05-01 Full Text Available No trabalho que apresentamos aqui, pretendemos testar a aplicabilidade do modelo de análise narrativa proposto pelo Groupe d'Entrevernes ("Analyse Semiotique des Textes" a um objeto fílmico específico: "BLADE RUNNER: 0 CAÇADOR DE ANDRÓIDES". 5. The Relationship between Psychological Type and Performance in a Copywriting Course or Why F. Scott Fitzgerald Didn't Make It As a Copywriter. McCann, Guy A study was conducted to determine whether there is a relationship between the psychological types of copywriting students and performance in a copywriting class. The goal was to develop a program of instruction which would systematically alter psychological makeup in a constructive manner to enable students to become better copywriters. Subjects,… 6. Evaluation of the Scott Aviation Portable Protective Breathing Device for contaminant leakage as prescribed by FAA Action Notice A-8150.2. 1989-11-01 Two types of crewmember protective breathing equipment (PBE) were performance tested for compliance with Action Notice A-8150.2 at ground level (- 1,300 feet) and 8,000 feet altitude. PBE 1 was a 'hood with oral-nasal mask,' which used potassium supe... 7. "Rare-earth and other trace element contents and the origin of minettes." A critical comment on a paper by BACHINSKI and SCOTT (1979) Rock, Nicholas M. S. 1980-09-01 The paper's conclusions are suggested to be too wide-ranging, particularly because, (i) the data-base is insufficient; (ii) several arguments are based on unsubstantiated statements; (iii) some minettes are very different in association and petrology from those described; (iv) the type of REE spectra reported can occur in rocks with a substantial crustal component. 8. The first compression fossils of Spencerites (Scott) emend., and its isospores, from the Bolsovian (Pennsylvanian) of the Kladno-Rakovník and Radnice basins, Czech Republic Drábková, J.; Bek, Jiří; Opluštil, S. 2004-01-01 Roč. 130, 1/4 (2004), s. 59-88 ISSN 0034-6667 R&D Projects: GA AV ČR(CZ) IAA3013902 Keywords : in-situ spores * Spencerites * Spencerisporites Subject RIV: EF - Botanics Impact factor: 0.886, year: 2004 9. The Music in the Heart, the Way of Water, and the Light of a Thousand Suns: A Response to Richard Shusterman, Crispin Sartwell, and Scott Stroud Alexander, Thomas 2009-01-01 This is a critical response to the papers by Shusterman, Sartwell, and Stroud. I claim that Shusterman has missed the inter-human moral aesthetics of Confucianism, that Sartwell has misunderstood Taoism's idea of "receptivity," confusing it with anarchist "passivity," and Stroud has not overcome the "Gita's" injunction to sacrifice the self,… 10. Purification of the bacteriocin bavaricin MN and characterization of its mode of action against Listeria monocytogenes Scott A cells and lipid vesicles. Kaiser, A L; Montville, T J 1996-01-01 Bavaricin MN was purified from Lactobacillus sake culture supernatant 135-fold with a final yield of 11%. Sequence analysis revealed bavaricin MN to be a 42-amino-acid peptide having a molecular weight of 4,769 and a calculated pI of 10.0. Computer analysis indicated that the C-terminal region may form an alpha-helical structure with an amphipathic nature deemed important in the interaction of bacteriocins with biological membranes. Bavaricin MN rapidly depleted the membrane potential (delta ... 11. Purification of the bacteriocin bavaricin MN and characterization of its mode of action against Listeria monocytogenes Scott A cells and lipid vesicles. Kaiser, A L; Montville, T J 1996-12-01 Bavaricin MN was purified from Lactobacillus sake culture supernatant 135-fold with a final yield of 11%. Sequence analysis revealed bavaricin MN to be a 42-amino-acid peptide having a molecular weight of 4,769 and a calculated pI of 10.0. Computer analysis indicated that the C-terminal region may form an alpha-helical structure with an amphipathic nature deemed important in the interaction of bacteriocins with biological membranes. Bavaricin MN rapidly depleted the membrane potential (delta p) of energized Listeria monocytogenes cells in a concentration-dependent fashion. At a bavaricin MN concentration of 9.0 micrograms/ml, the delta p decreased by 85%. Both the electrical potential (delta psi) and Z delta pH components of the delta p were depleted, and this depletion was not dependent on a threshold level of proton motive force. In addition to studying the effect of bavaricin MN on the delta p of vegetative cells, bavaricin MN-induced carboxyfluorescein (CF) efflux from L. monocytogenes-derived lipid vesicles was also characterized. Bavaricin MN-induced CF leakage was also concentration dependent with an optimum of pH 6.0. The rate of CF efflux was 63% greater in lipid vesicles in which a delta psi was generated compared with that in lipid vesicles in the absence of a delta psi. 12. Goals, attributions and self-efficacy as related to course choice and academic achievement of first-year university students / Mechaela Scott Scott, Mechaéla 1991-01-01 This study was aimed at determining: (i) relationships among goal expectancy, self-efficacy, attributions and attributional dimensions, (ii) whether motivational patterns, and (iii) attributional styles, differ in accordance with conceptual levels of courses, and (iv) whether attributional style and self-efficacy influence academic achievement in courses differing in conceptual level. A literature study was undertaken to examine the nature of goals, attributions and self-eff... 13. WOMEN’S VIEW ON MEN’S SUCCESS: IN F. SCOTT FIRZTGERALD’S THE GREAT GATSBY AND HAMKA’S TENGGELAMNYA KAPAL VAN DER WIJCK 2015-12-01 Full Text Available Marriage is a very important step in women’s life. A woman must be sure that the groom she has chosen is the right man for her entirely life, and she must be ready for the consequence of her choice for the rest of her life. Having a handsome, well-known and prosperous husband, is a part of women’s esteem. When all those things gone, it is a condition in which a wife must show her integrity and faith to her husband. In some parts of the world, there is a belief related to the culture that when a woman gets married, she has to set her life as a house wife with high integrity since it is her dignity. She will lose her pride when she decides to be a widow by divorce. The Great Gatsby and Tenggelamnya Kapal Van Der Wijck are the literary works that propose the idea of women’s choice in marriage. They agreed to choose the different men to be their husbands because of the success they see at the time. Both works explore women’s problem when their husbands are not as success as their previous boyfriends. The word ‘choice’ then becomes very important since she cannot take what she has given back because her condition before and after marriage is different. Keywords: marriage, women’s view, men’s success, The Great Gatsby, Tenggelamnya Kapal Van Der Wijck 14. Statistics for Health Care Professionals Ian Scott Statistics for Health Care Professionals and Debbie Mazhindu Sage 248 :£19.99 0761974768 0761974768 [Formula: see text]. 2005-10-01 As a recent recruit to a lecturerpractitioner post with little recent experience in the subject area covered by this book, I found it met my needs very well. After all, this topic can be quite daunting for some. The 18 chapters are relatively short and I was able to dip into them when time allowed. However, it can also be read for extended periods, as the text is broken up with numerous information boxes, diagrams and tables. All the examples are relevant and appropriate to practice settings. 15. Personal care products and steroid hormones in the Antarctic coastal environment associated with two Antarctic research stations, McMurdo Station and Scott Base. Emnet, Philipp; Gaw, Sally; Northcott, Grant; Storey, Bryan; Graham, Lisa 2015-01-01 Pharmaceutical and personal care products (PPCPs) are a major source of micropollutants to the aquatic environment. Despite intense research on the fate and effects of PPCPs in temperate climates, there is a paucity of data on their presence in polar environments. This study reports the presence of selected PPCPs in sewage effluents from two Antarctic research stations, the adjacent coastal seawater, sea ice, and biota. Sewage effluents contained bisphenol-A, ethinylestradiol, estrone, methyl triclosan, octylphenol, triclosan, and three UV-filters. The maximum sewage effluent concentrations of 4-methyl-benzylidene camphor, benzophenone-1, estrone, ethinylestradiol, and octylphenol exceeded concentrations previously reported. Coastal seawaters contained bisphenol-A, octylphenol, triclosan, three paraben preservatives, and four UV-filters. The sea ice contained a similar range and concentration of PPCPs as the seawater. Benzophenone-3 (preferential accumulation in clams), estradiol, ethinylestradiol, methyl paraben (preferential accumulation in fish, with concentrations correlating negatively with fillet size), octylphenol, and propyl paraben were detected in biota samples. PPCPs were detected in seawater and biota at distances up to 25 km from the research stations WWTP discharges. Sewage effluent discharges and disposal of raw human waste through sea ice cracks have been identified as sources of PPCPs to Antarctic coastal environments. Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 16. Can You Anchor a Shimmering Nation State via Regional Indigenous Roots? Kim Scott talks to Anne Brewster about That Deadman Dance Anne Brewster 2011-10-01 Full Text Available This interview focuses mainly on Kim Scott’s new novel That Deadman Dance which won the regional Commonwealth Writers Prize (Southeast Asian and Pacific region and the Miles Franklin Award. The topics of conversation include Scott’s involvement in the Noongar language project (and the relationship of this project to the novel, the novel itself, the challenges of writing in English, the resistance paradigm and indigenous sovereignty and nationalism. 17. Romulus, Scott a Klára Issová. Kdy vlastní jména zkracují deskripce? Marvan, Tomáš 2013-01-01 Roč. 61, Suppl. 2 (2013), s. 47-61 ISSN 0015-1831 Institutional support: RVO:67985955 Keywords : Bertrand Russell * proper names * denotation * description * designation Subject RIV: AA - Philosophy ; Religion 18. 75 FR 35629 - Standard Instrument Approach Procedures, and Takeoff Minimums and Obstacle Departure Procedures... 2010-06-23 ... West Union, IA, George L Scott Muni, GPS RWY 17, Orig, CANCELLED West Union, IA, George L Scott Muni, GPS RWY 35, Orig, CANCELLED West Union, IA, George L Scott Muni, RNAV (GPS) RWY 17, Orig West Union, IA, George L Scott Muni, RNAV (GPS) RWY 35, Orig West Union, IA, George L Scott Muni, Takeoff... 19. CONCERT A high power proton accelerator driven multi-application facility concept Laclare, J L 2000-01-01 A new generation of High Power Proton Accelerator (HPPA) is being made available. It opens new avenues to a long series of scientific applications in fundamental and applied research, which can make use of the boosted flux of secondary particles. Presently, in Europe, several disciplines are preparing their project of dedicated facility, based on the upgraded performances of HPPAs. Given the potential synergies between these different projects, for reasons of cost effectiveness, it was considered appropriate to look into the possibility to group a certain number of these applications around a single HPPA: CONCERT project left bracket 1 right bracket . The ensuing 2-year feasibility study organized in collaboration between the European Spallation Source and the CEA just started. EURISOL left bracket 2 right bracket project and CERN participate in the steering committee. 20. Cultural Resources Intensive Survey and Testing of Mississippi River Levee Berms Crittenden and Desha Counties, Arkansas and Mississippi, Scott, Cape Girardeau and Pemiscot Counties, Missouri. Item R-846 Caruthersville, Pemiscot County, Missouri 1983-08-01 Houses of brick, stone and log were torn to pieces and those of frame tossed on their sides. Many citizens fled to the mountains . In 1812, the five...especially because of the many bands of guerrillas and Union troops who were ranging the countryside. No battles were fought in the projczt aLea ...to the economy of the state, were adamant about the need to build railroads. I 4-3 I Although one railroad, the St. Louis and Iron Mountain , ran from 1. Academic Librarians Have Concerns about Their Role as Teachers. A Review of: Walter, Scott. “Librarians as Teachers: A Qualitative Inquiry into Professional Identity.” College and Research Libraries 69.1 (2008): 51-71. Virginia Wilson 2008-01-01 Objective – This study explores how academic librarians are introduced to teaching, the degree to which they think of themselves as teachers, the ways in which being a teacher has become a significant feature of their professional identity, and the factors that may influence academic librarians to adopt a “teacher identity.” Design – A literature review extended by qualitative semi-structured interviews.Setting – The research took place at an American university with the Carnegie Foundati... 2. Academic Librarians Have Concerns about Their Role as Teachers. A Review of: Walter, Scott. “Librarians as Teachers: A Qualitative Inquiry into Professional Identity.” College and Research Libraries 69.1 (2008: 51-71. Virginia Wilson 2008-09-01 3. Effects of Absence and Cognitive Skills Index on Various Achievement Indicators. A Study of ISTEP Scores, Discrepancies, and School-Based Math and English Tests of 1997-1998 Seventh Grade Students at Sarah Scott Middle School, Terre Haute, Indiana. Davis, Holly S. This study examines the correlation between absence, cognitive skills index (CSI), and various achievement indicators such as the Indiana Statewide Testing for Educational Progress (ISTEP) test scores, discrepancies, and school-based English and mathematics tests for 64 seventh-grade students from one middle school. Scores for each of the subtests… 4. Cultural Resources Intensive Survey and Testing of Mississippi River Levee Berms Crittenden and Desha Counties, Arkansas and Mississippi, Scott, Cape Girardeau and Pemiscot Counties Missouri. Item R-752 Lambethville; Crittenden County, Arkansas 1984-05-01 occidentalis) and persimmon ( Diospyros virginianna) occupied better drained immature alluvial soils. Soil development on bottomland sites favored...15 genera of ungulates and various giant rodents and car- nivores north of Mexico. Maps presented by Simpson (1945) indicate that the genus Tapirus 5. Cultural Resources Intensive Survey and Testing of Mississippi River Levee Berms, Crittenden and Desha Counties, Arkansas and Mississippi, Scott, Cape Girardeau and Pemiscot Counties, Missouri Item R-618 Knowlton; Desha County, Arkansas. 1983-11-01 spp_), maples, hackberry (Celtis laevigata), hickories, sycamore (Platanus occidentalis) and persimmon ( Diospyros virginianna) occupied better drained...of Mexico. Surely many of these were forest denizens and occurred in the study area. Maps presented by Simpson (1945) indicate that the genus Tapirus 6. Evaluation of tele-ultrasound as a tool in remote diagnosis and clinical management at the Amundsen-Scott South Pole Station and the McMurdo Research Station. Otto, Christian; Shemenski, Ron; Scott, Jessica M; Hartshorn, Jeanette; Bishop, Sheryl; Viegas, Steven 2013-03-01 Abstract Background: A large number of Antarctic stations do not utilize ultrasound for medical care. Regular use of ultrasound imaging at South Pole and McMurdo Stations first began in October 2002. To date, there has been no evaluation of medical events requiring ultrasound examination from this remote environment. Additionally, the importance of tele-ultrasound for clinical management in Antarctica has not yet been assessed. We therefore conducted a retrospective analysis of all ultrasound exams performed at South Pole and McMurdo Stations between October 2002 and October 2003. Radiology reports and patient charts were reviewed for pre- and post-ultrasound diagnosis and treatment. Sixty-six ultrasound exams were conducted on 49 patients. Of the exams, 94.0% were interpreted by the store-and-forward method, whereas 6.0% were interpreted in "real-time" format. Abdominal, genitourinary, and gynecology ultrasound exams accounted for 63.6% of exams. Ultrasound examination prevented an intercontinental aeromedical evacuation in 25.8% of cases, and had a significant effect on the diagnosis and management of illness in patients at South Pole and McMurdo research stations. These findings indicate that diagnostic ultrasound has significant benefits for medical care at Antarctic stations and that tele-ultrasound is a valuable addition to remote medical care for isolated populations with limited access to tertiary-healthcare facilities. 7. James L.W. West III, ed. The Cambridge Edition of the Works of F. Scott Fitzgerald : « Trimalchio » : an Early Version of The Great Gatsby. Jean-Loup Bourget 2006-04-01 Full Text Available Présenté comme « an early version of The Great Gatsby », “Trimalchio” est une tentative de reconstitution du manuscrit dactylographié envoyé par Fitzgerald à son éditeur, Scribner’s, en octobre 1924. Ce tapuscrit étant perdu, le texte a été établi à partir des épreuves avant correction, elles-mêmes composées à partir du tapuscrit. Il représente donc un stade intermédiaire entre le manuscrit holographe conservé à Princeton (fac-similé publié par les soins de Matthew J. Bruccoli en 1973 et le ... 8. Sibelius: Karelia Suite, Op. 11. Luonnotar, Op. 70 a. Andante festivo. The Oceanides, Op. 73. King Christian II, Op. 27-Suite. Finlandia, Op. 26a. Gothenburg Symphony Orchester, Neeme Järvi / Michael Scott Rohan Rohan, Michael Scott 1996-01-01 Sibelius: Karelia Suite, Op. 11. Luonnotar, Op. 70 a. Andante festivo. The Oceanides, Op. 73. King Christian II, Op. 27-Suite. Finlandia, Op. 26a. Gothenburg Symphony Orchester, Neeme Järvi. 1 CD Deutsche Grammophon 447 760-2GH (72 minutes: DDD) 9. Demography of Honors: The Census of U.S. Honors Programs and Colleges Scott, Richard I.; Smith, Patricia J.; Cognard-Black, Andrew J. 2017-01-01 Beginning in 2013 and spanning four research articles, we have implemented an empirical analysis protocol for honors education that is rooted in demography (Scott; Scott and Smith; Smith and Scott "Growth"; Smith and Scott, "Demography"). The goal of this protocol is to describe the structure and distribution of the honors… 10. Most Recent Sampling Results for Annex III Building Contains email from Scott Miller, US EPA to Scott Kramer. Subject: Most Recent Sampling Results for Annex III Building. (2:52 PM) and Gore(TM) Surveys Analytical Results U.S. Geological Survey, Montgomery, AL. 11. Search Results | Page 850 | IDRC - International Development ... Scott Gilmore. Scott is a social entrepreneur and writer. He is a columnist for Maclean's magazine and the President of Anchor Chain, which helps small businesses in frontier markets connect to investment and international supply chains. Profile ... 12. Thermomagnetic torques in polyatomic gases Hildebrandt, A. F.; Wood, C. T. 1972-01-01 The application of the Scott effect to the dynamics of galactic and stellar rotation is investigated. Efforts were also made to improve the sensitivity and stability of torque measurements and understand the microscopic mechanism that causes the Scott effect. 13. Search Results | Page 853 | IDRC - International Development ... Scott Gilmore. Scott is a social entrepreneur and writer. He is a columnist for Maclean's magazine and the President of Anchor Chain, which helps small businesses in frontier markets connect to investment and international supply chains. Profile. 14. Search Results | Page 854 | IDRC - International Development ... Scott Gilmore. Scott is a social entrepreneur and writer. He is a columnist for Maclean's magazine and the President of Anchor Chain, which helps small businesses in frontier markets connect to investment and international supply chains. Profile. 15. Väärt klassikast tehti neegrite räpparilugu / Andres Laasik Laasik, Andres, 1960-2016 2005-01-01 Francis Scott Fitzgeraldi romaani "Suur Gatsby" ekraniseering "G" : stsenarist ja režissöör Christopher Scott Sherot : operaator Horaciop Marquines : Ameerika Ühendriigid 2002. Film "tõlgib" teose ameerika populaarse neegrikultuuri keelde 16. 76 FR 35474 - Colville Indian Plywood and Veneer, Colville Tribal Enterprise Corporation Wood Products Division... 2011-06-17 ... Logging, Mccuen Jones, San Poil Logging, Scott Thorndike, Silver Nichol Trucking and Stensgar Logging..., Mawdsley Logging, McCuen Jones, San Poil Logging, Scott Thorndike, Silver Nichol Trucking and Stensgar... 17. Even-aged intensive management: two case histories Harold M. Klaiber 1977-01-01 In 1967 Scott Paper Company merged with the S. D. Warren Company and S. D. Warren became a division of Scott. In 1969 the S. D. Warren timberlands in the Bingham, Maine area were transferred from the Warren Division to the Northeast Operations of Scott. Included in this transfer were approximately 700 acres of tree plantations which had been established in the 1920... 18. Nuga selga : endine lähikondne teeb maha president Bushi valitsusaja / Kaivo Kopli Kopli, Kaivo 2008-01-01 Endine Valge Maja pressiesindaja Scott McClellan kirjutas kritiseeriva raamatu "What Happened" president George W. Bushist ja tema kaastöötajatest. Vt. samas: "Me oleme segaduses. See pole Scott, keda me tundsime"; Väljavõtteid Scott McClellani raamatust 19. Is Comparability of 14C Dates an Issue?: A Status Report on the Fourth International Radiocarbon Intercomparison Bryant, C.; Carmi, I.; Cook, G.T.; Gulliksen, S.; Harkness, D.D.; Heinemeier, J.; McGee, E.; Naysmith, P.; Possnert, G.; Scott, E.M.; Plicht, J. van der; Strydonck, M. van 2001-01-01 For more than 15 years, the radiocarbon community has participated in a series of laboratory intercomparisons in response to the issue of comparability of measurements as perceived within the wider user communities (Scott et al. 1990; Rozanski et al. 1992; Guiliksen and Scott 1995; Scott et al. 20. Human-Centered Command and Control of Future Autonomous Systems 2013-06-01 introduce challenges with situation awareness, automation reliance, and accountability (Bainbridge, 1983). If not carefully designed and integrated...into users’ tasks, automation’s costs can quickly outweigh its benefits. A tempting solution to compensate for inherent human cognitive limitations is... Drury & Scott, 2008; Nehme, Scott, Cummings, & Furusho, 2006; Scott & Cummings, 2006). However, there have not been detailed prescriptive task 1. 75 FR 41896 - Colville Indian Precision Pine, Colville Tribal Enterprise Corporation, Wood Products Division... 2010-07-19 ... Logging, Lone Rock Contracting, Mawdsley Logging, McCuen Jones, San Poil Logging, Scott Thorndike, Silver..., Laramie Logging, Lone Rock Contracting, Mawdsley Logging, McCuen Jones, San Poil Logging, Scott Thorndike... Contracting, Mawdsley Logging, McCuen Jones, San Poil Logging, Scott Thorndike, Silver Nichol Trucking and... 2. 75 FR 41896 - Colville Indian Plywood and Veneer Colville Tribal Enterprise Corporation Wood Products Division... 2010-07-19 ... Logging, Lone Rock Contracting, Mawdsley Logging, Mccuen Jones, San Poil Logging, Scott Thorndike, Silver... McCuen Jones, San Poil Logging, Scott Thorndike, Silver Nichol Trucking and Stensgar Logging were... Logging, Scott Thorndike, Silver Nichol Trucking and Stensgar Logging, Omak, Washington, who became... 3. Scott Richard Lyons, X-marks: Native Signatures of Assent. , Steve Russell, Sequoyah Rising: Problems in Post-Colonial Tribal Governance. , Sean Kicummah Teuton, Red Land, Red Power: Grounding Knowledge in the American Indian Novel. , Gerald Vizenor, Native Liberty: Natural Reason and Cultural Survivance. James Mackay 2011-09-01 Full Text Available That American Indian nations have survived into the 21st century should be an occasion for celebration, given how truly close Native America came to a total obliteration. A combination of disease, vicious colonial warfare and the use of education as a weapon to “kill the Indian, save the man” had by the beginning of the 19th century reduced the number of people in the United States willing to claim Native ancestry in the census to just 250,000. (There were, of course, many more, but Indian bl... 4. Easements, MDTA Right of Way Easement, Right of Way Easement, Right of Way Easement on I 95, Fort McHenry Tunnel, Baltimore Harbor tunnel, Francis Scott Key Bridge, Published in 2010, 1:1200 (1in=100ft) scale, Maryland Transportation Authority. NSGIC State | GIS Inventory — Easements dataset current as of 2010. MDTA Right of Way Easement, Right of Way Easement, Right of Way Easement on I 95, Fort McHenry Tunnel, Baltimore Harbor tunnel,... 5. Topic-specific Infobuttons Reduce Search Time but their Clinical Impact is Unclear. A Review of: Del Fiol, Guilherme, Peter J. Haug, James J. Cimino, Scott P. Narus, Chuck Norlin, and Joyce A. Mitchell. ‚Effectiveness of Topic-specific Infobuttons: A Randomized Controlled Trial.‛ Journal of the American Medical Information Association 15.6 (2008: 752-9. Shandra Protzko 2009-06-01 6. Pop / Raul Saaremets Saaremets, Raul 2002-01-01 Heliplaatidest Starsailor" Love is Here". Chicago Underground Quartet "Chicago Underground Quartet". Mower "Mower". Kim Wilde "The Very Best of". Mull Historical Society "Loss". Jill Scott "Experience: 826+" 7. Ellis-Van Creveld Dysplasia ... orthopedist, geneticist, pediatrician, dentist, neurologist, and physical therapist will provide the most ... PA: Elsevier Saunders. 2006. Scott, Charles I. Dwarfism . Clinical Symposium , 1988; 40(1):17- ... 8. Waveform Catalog, Extreme Mass Ratio Binary (Capture) National Aeronautics and Space Administration — Numerically-generated gravitational waveforms for circular inspiral into Kerr black holes. These waveforms were developed using Scott Hughes' black hole perturbation... 10. The Clinical Observation on 10 cases of patients with Hemifacial Spasm Treated by Soyeom Pharmacupuncture at G20(Pungji Jin Heo 2010-06-01 Full Text Available Objectives : The main purpose of this research is to evaluate the effect of treatment with Soyeom Pharmacupuncture at G20(Punji for ten patients with hemifacial spasm. Methods : We have treated them with acupuncture treatment and Soyeom Pharmacupuncture at G20(Pungji, and evaluated the effect by Scotts scale. Results : After treatment, the grades of spasm intensity classified by Scotts description were improved in 9 cases. Conclusion : This data suggested that Soyeom Pharmacupuncture at G20(Pungji for hemifacial spasm was effective and will be attempted to the patients with it. 11. 75 FR 29219 - Proposed Flood Elevation Determinations 2010-05-25 ... County. approximately 268 feet upstream of Robbin Lane. * National Geodetic Vertical Datum. + North... Judge, 516 Fairway Drive, Brandenburg, KY 40108. Scott County, Kentucky, and Incorporated Areas Dry Run... 12. 77 FR 28880 - Ocean Transportation Intermediary License Applicants 2012-05-16 ... (NVO & OFF), 332 Hindry Avenue, Inglewood, CA 90301, Officers: Edison Chen, Manager (Qualifying..., Schiller Park, IL 60176, Officers: Scott A. Case, Vice President (Qualifying Individual), Thomas C. Case... 13. Astrophysical Gravitational Wave Sources Literature Catalog National Aeronautics and Space Administration — Numerically-generated gravitational waveforms for circular inspiral into Kerr black holes. These waveforms were developed using Scott Hughes' black hole perturbation... 14. Engaging Students Regarding Special Needs in Technology and Engineering Education White, David W. 2015-01-01 In 1984, James Buffer and Michael Scott produced the book "Special Needs Guide for Technology Education" (Buffer and Scott, 1984). This was a pivotal offering insofar as it set the stage for technology education educators, at the time, to think about and be provided with information regarding students with special needs in their… 15. Novolak resin-based negative photoresists for deep UV lithography Presented at First International Conference of Scott Research. Forum, Scott Christian College, Nagercoil, Tamil Nadu, India on 19 April 2008 ..... The exposure was carried out on a DUV stepper operating on Hg-Xe lamp 500 W delivering a dosage of 3⋅2 mJ. Development was done using tetra methyl ammonium hydroxide ... 16. Sosiaal-wetenskaplike kritiese eksegese van Nuwe-Testamentiese ... UPuser Nicht viele Mächtige: Annäherungen an eine Soziologie des. Urchristentums, in Befreiungserfahrungen: Studien zur Sozialgeschichte des. Neuen Testaments, 247-256. München: Kaiser. Scott, B B [1989] 1990. Hear then the parable: A commentary on the parables of. Jesus. Minneapolis, MN: Fortress. Scott, J C 1990. 17. Search Results | Page 853 | IDRC - International Development ... Results 8521 - 8530 of 8531 ... Scott Gilmore. Scott is a social entrepreneur and writer. He is a columnist for Maclean's magazine and the President of Anchor Chain, which helps small businesses in frontier markets connect to investment and international supply chains. 18. Natural mortality factors for African White-backed Vultures in Namibia? 2007-09-02 Sep 2, 2007 ... September 2007. Vulture News 57. 63. Figure 2. Lightning damage to the bark of the above camel thorn tree (photographer: Ann Scott). Figure 1. Carcass of an African White-backed Vulture below a nest in a camel thorn tree in the Kalahari Desert, Namibia (photographer: Ann Scott). Bjerre, Thomas Ærvold 2007-01-01 Portrætartikel om den amerikanske forfatter F. Scott Fitzgerald i anledningen af den danske udgivelse af De smukke og fortabte. Udgivelsesdato: 24. august......Portrætartikel om den amerikanske forfatter F. Scott Fitzgerald i anledningen af den danske udgivelse af De smukke og fortabte. Udgivelsesdato: 24. august... 20. Natural mortality factors for African White-backed Vultures in Namibia? Natural mortality factors for African White-backed Vultures in Namibia? A Scott, M Scott, P Bridgeford, M Bridgeford. Abstract. No Abstract. Vulture News Vol. 57 2007: pp. 62-64. Full Text: EMAIL FREE FULL TEXT EMAIL FREE FULL TEXT · DOWNLOAD FULL TEXT DOWNLOAD FULL TEXT · AJOL African Journals Online. 1. A Simple Method to Find out when an Ordinary Differential Equation Is Separable Cid, Jose Angel 2009-01-01 We present an alternative method to that of Scott (D. Scott, "When is an ordinary differential equation separable?", "Amer. Math. Monthly" 92 (1985), pp. 422-423) to teach the students how to discover whether a differential equation y[prime] = f(x,y) is separable or not when the nonlinearity f(x, y) is not explicitly factorized. Our approach is… 2. 75 FR 62591 - Oral Argument 2010-10-12 ... v. Office of Personnel Management, MSPB Docket Number AT-0731-09-0240-I-1; James A. Scott v. Office... a.m. Place: The United States Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit, Room 201, 717 Madison Place... of Personnel Management, MSPB Docket Number AT-0731- 09-0240-I-1; James A. Scott v. Office of... 3. ‘Shattered glass’: Assessing the influence of mass media on legitimacy and entrepreneurs’ adoption of new organizational practices Kuijpers, Johannes Cornelis; Ehrenhard, Michel Léon; Groen, Aard 2017-01-01 Legitimacy defined as a generalized assumption of desirability or appropriateness of an action or idea (Ashford & Gibbs, 1990; Suchman, 1995) is argued to play an important role in the maintenance and change of organizations and institutions (Scott, 2008; Scott, Ruef, Mendel, & Caronna, 2000). 4. Journal of Biosciences | Indian Academy of Sciences Home; Journals; Journal of Biosciences. Scott F Gilbert. Articles written in Journal of Biosciences. Volume 26 Issue 3 September 2001 pp 293-298. Commentary: New vistas for developmental biology · Scott F Gilbert Rocky S Tuan · More Details Fulltext PDF. Volume 27 Issue 5 September 2002 pp 445-446. Commentary: ... 5. Seeking a Human Spaceflight Program Worthy of a Great Nation. Review of U.S. Human Spaceflight Plans Committee 2009-10-01 Steve Metschan George E. Mueller Elon Musk Jack Mustard Clive Neal Scott Neish Benjamin J. Neumann Mike O’Brien Sean O’Keefe John Olson Scott Pace Anatoly...July 2009 Musk , Elon , “COTS Status Update & Crew Capabilities”, SpaceX, 16 June 2009 Musk , Elon , “COTS Status Update & Crew Capabilities”, SpaceX 6. The concept of suggestion in the early history of advertising psychology. Kuna, D P 1976-10-01 As early as 1896, experimental psychologists began studying the mental processes involved in advertising. The first psychological theory of advertising maintained, in effect, that the consumer was a nonrational, suggestible creature under the hypnotic influence of the advertising copywriter. Walter Dill Scott was the major proponent of this theory, and it was largely through his writings that advertising men learned about the psychology of suggestion. Scott's theory was consistent with a growing trend in the advertising profession toward viewing consumer behavior as irrational. Scott's efforts might also be viewed as part of the trend in the advertising profession toward seeking a scientific basis for copywriting theory and practice. 7. Multivariate density estimation theory, practice, and visualization Scott, David W 2015-01-01 David W. Scott, PhD, is Noah Harding Professor in the Department of Statistics at Rice University. The author of over 100 published articles, papers, and book chapters, Dr. Scott is also Fellow of the American Statistical Association (ASA) and the Institute of Mathematical Statistics. He is recipient of the ASA Founder's Award and the Army Wilks Award. His research interests include computational statistics, data visualization, and density estimation. Dr. Scott is also Coeditor of Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews: Computational Statistics and previous Editor of the Journal of Computational and 8. Handbook of hydrogen energy Sherif, SA; Stefanakos, EK; Steinfeld, Aldo 2014-01-01 ""This book provides an excellent overview of the hydrogen economy and a thorough and comprehensive presentation of hydrogen production and storage methods.""-Scott E. Grasman, Rochester Institute of Technology, New York, USA Valme, Valner, 1970- 2004-01-01 Uutest heliplaatidest Secret Machines "Now Here in Nowhere", Pia Fraus "Mooie Island EP", Metallica "Some Kind of Monster", Jill Scott "Beautifully Human", Red Hot Chili Peppers "Greatest Videos", "Matt Bianco Matt's Mood" 10. Rasshifrujem li mõ poslanije Dzheisona Borna? / Boris Tuch Tuch, Boris, 1946- 2007-01-01 Põnevik "Bourne'i ultimaatum", kolmas film Robert Ludlumi Bourne'i saaga ainetel : režissöör Paul Greengrass : stsenaristid Tony Gilroy, Scott Z. Burns, George Nolfi : peaosas Matt Damon : Ameerika Ühendriigid 2007 11. Hannibal Lecter on tagasi / Kristiina Davidjants Davidjants, Kristiina, 1974- 2002-01-01 Eesti videolevisse on jõudnud Jonathan Demme'i 1990.a. valminud "Voonakeste vaikimine" ("Silence of the Lambs") lisaks müügil olevale Ridley Scott'i 2001.a. sama tegelaskujuga mängufilmile "Hannibal" Thalheim, Triin, 1982- 2005-01-01 Ajalooline mängufilm "Taevane kuningriik" ("Kingdom of Heaven") : režissöör Ridley Scott : Ameerika Ühendriigid - Hispaania - Suurbritannia 2005. Lisatud nupud "Võtteplatsil" ning "Ristisõjad". Kommenteerib ajaloolane David Vseviov 13. 78 FR 24303 - Qualification of Drivers; Exemption Applications; Diabetes Mellitus 2013-04-24 ... exemption applications, FMCSA exempts Christopher R. Anderson (MN), Brent T. Applebury (MO), Joseph A.... Torklidson (WI), Terry R. Washa (NE), Alfred J. Williams (VA), Scott B. Wood (ND), and James L. Zore (IN... 14. Raamatulett / Jaanus Tamm Tamm, Jaanus 1996-01-01 Põder, Rein. Armastuse hääl; Schmidt, Erik. Pagana eestlane!; Lina, Jüri. Skorpioni märgi all; Nesser, Hõkan, Tagasitulek; Fallada, Hans. Tookord meil isakodus; Fitzgerald, Francis Scott. Suur Gatsby 15. CSF oligoclonal banding ... Elsevier Saunders; 2016:chap 396. Lechner-Scott J, Spencer B, de Malmanche T, et al. The frequency ... reviewed by David Zieve, MD, MHA, Medical Director, Brenda Conaway, Editorial Director, and the A.D.A. ... 16. Lepatriinu tuleb Tallinna lõhkuma / Gary Olson ; interv. Tiiu Laks Olson, Gary 2006-01-01 Uutest heliplaatidest Deftones "Saturday Night Wrist", Robb Scott "Afro Adyssey", Zucchero "Fly", Agoria "The Green Armchair", "Back To The Bus ئ Babyshambes", Fratellis "Costello Music", Rod Stewart "Still The Same..." 17. 76 FR 61731 - Iowa; Major Disaster and Related Determinations 2011-10-05 ..., under Executive Order 12148, as amended, Michael R. Scott, of FEMA is appointed to act as the Federal... adversely affected by this major disaster: Dubuque and Jackson Counties for Public Assistance. All counties... 18. Dandruff: How to Treat Full Text Available ... Program Van Scott Award and Frost Lectureship Everett C. Fox Award and Lectureship Grants from outside organizations ... Exhibit hall Mobile app 2019 Annual Meeting Derm Exam Prep Course Hands on: Cosmetics Legislative Conference Agenda ... 19. Defense AT&L (Volume 35, Number 5, September-October 2006) 2006-01-01 .... "Transitioning an ACTD to an Acquisition Program," by Col. G. Scott Coale, et al. -- Rapid transition of Global Hawk from the ACTD phase into formal acquisition has broken the historical paradigm of lengthy acquisition cycle time... 20. Genetics Home Reference: age-related macular degeneration ... Li Y, Augustaitis KJ, Karoukis AJ, Scott WK, Agarwal A, Kovach JL, Schwartz SG, Postel EA, Brooks ... Guymer RH, Merriam JE, Francis PJ, Hannum G, Agarwal A, Armbrecht AM, Audo I, Aung T, Barile ... 1. Growth aspirations of women entrepreneurs in tourism in Tanzania Lugalla, Irene Mkini 2018-01-01 Dit proefschrift presenteert empirische resultaten op basis van een kwalitatieve en kwantitatieve studie van vrouwelijke ondernemers in de toerismesector in Tanzania. Door Bourdieu's praktijktheorie en de institutionele theorie van Scott toe te passen, analyseren we de relatie tussen de 2. The molecular genetic basis of age-related macular degeneration ... 2009-12-10 Dec 10, 2009 ... this review, we have provided an overview on the underlying molecular genetic mechanisms in AMD worldwide and highlight ..... eases like diabetes (Scott et al. ...... 2006 Systematic review and meta-analysis of. 3. 77 FR 29552 - Suspension of Community Eligibility 2012-05-18 ... criteria of section 3(f) of Executive Order 12866 of September 30, 1993, Regulatory Planning and Review, 58...; June 5, 2012, Susp. Miner, City of, Scott 290687 July 24, 1975, ......do Do. County. Emerg; December 21... 4. Full Length Research Article Dr Ahmed other areas of business administration. ... mathematics, real estate, insurance, actuarial science and business administration (McCutcheon & Scott, 1989). Most textbooks written in these ..... Mathematics of Finance; Heinemann; Oxford. Murray ... 5. 78 FR 65040 - BNSF Railway Company, CBEC Railway Inc., Iowa Interstate Railroad, Ltd., and Union Pacific... 2013-10-30 ... track to MidAmerican Energy Company's Walter Scott, Jr. Energy Center (MidAmerican), a distance of...); Benjamin M. Clark, Sullivan & Ward, P.C., 6601 Westown Parkway, Suite 200, West Des Moines, Iowa 50266... 6. 75 FR 37749 - White River National Forest, Colorado, Oil and Gas Leasing Environmental Impact Statement 2010-06-30 ... to foster and encourage private enterprise in the development of economically sound and stable... Handbook 1909.15, Section 21. Dated: June 24, 2010. Scott Fitzwilliams, Forest Supervisor. [FR Doc. 2010... 7. Postmodernismi apooria või kriitiline postmodernism / Tomi Kaarto ; tõlk. Ülle Põlma Kaarto, Tomi 2000-01-01 Postmodernistlik film ja vägivald filmis. Käsitluse aluseks mängufilm "Tõeline romanss" ("True Romance") : Stsenarist Quentin Tarantino : režissöör Tony Scott : Ameerika Ühendriigid 1993. Bibliograafia lk. 65 8. Advances in High-Throughput Speed, Low-Latency Communication for Embedded Instrumentation (7th Annual SFAF Meeting, 2012) Jordan, Scott 2012-06-01 Scott Jordan on "Advances in high-throughput speed, low-latency communication for embedded instrumentation" at the 2012 Sequencing, Finishing, Analysis in the Future Meeting held June 5-7, 2012 in Santa Fe, New Mexico. 9. Ten-minute chat. Scott, Claire 2017-05-27 Claire Scott is a fourth-year student at the Royal Veterinary College. She has embarked on rotations and completed several of her required extramural studies weeks, including one spent with Veterinary Record . British Veterinary Association. 10. Dicty_cDB: SHK686 [Dicty_cDB Full Text Available 27420.1 LscoSEQ7816 Leucosporidium scottii pBluescript (EcoRI-XhoI) Leucosporidium scott...ii cDNA clone LscoSEQ7816, mRNA sequence. 54 3e-07 2 EB021565 |EB021565.1 LscoSEQ13808 Leucosporidium scott...ii pBluescript (EcoRI-XhoI) Leucosporidium scottii cDNA clone LscoSEQ13808, mRNA sequence. 54 3e-07 2 ...EB020998 |EB020998.1 LscoSEQ13129 Leucosporidium scottii pBluescript (EcoRI-XhoI) Leucosporidium scott...ii cDNA clone LscoSEQ13129, mRNA sequence. 54 3e-07 2 EB018390 |EB018390.1 LscoSEQ10064 Leucosporidium scott 11. South African Journal of Philosophy - Vol 31, No 2 (2012) The death of Philosophy: A response to Stephen Hawking · EMAIL FULL TEXT EMAIL FULL TEXT DOWNLOAD FULL TEXT DOWNLOAD FULL TEXT. CD Scott, 385-404. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02580136.2012.10751783 ... 12. ''The ambipolar diffusion time scale and the location of star formation in magnetic interstellar clouds'': Setting the record straight Mouschovias, T.C. 1984-01-01 The point of a recent (1983) paper by Scott is that a previous paper (1979) by Mouschovias has concluded ''erroneously'' that star formation takes place off center in a cloud because of the use of an ''improver'' definition of a time scale for ambipolar diffusion. No such conclusion, Scott claims, follows from a ''proper'' definition, such as the ''traditional'' one by Spitzer. (i) Scott misrepresents the reasoning that led to the conclusion in the paper which he criticized. (ii) He is also wrong: both the ''traditional'' and the ''improper'' definitions vary similarly with radius, and both can have an off-center minimum; the spatial variation of the degree of ionization is the determining factor: not the specific value of the time scale at the origin, as Scott claims 13. Pramana – Journal of Physics | Indian Academy of Sciences Abstract. I review some of the recent progress (up to December 2005) in applying non-Abelian discrete symmetries to the family structure of leptons, with particular emphasis on the tribimaximal mixing ansatz of Harrison, Perkins and Scott. 14. 78 FR 25337 - Notice With Respect to List of Countries Denying Fair Market Opportunities for Government-Funded... 2013-04-30 ...: Date of Publication. FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: Scott Pietan, International Procurement... OFFICE OF THE UNITED STATES TRADE REPRESENTATIVE Notice With Respect to List of Countries Denying Fair Market Opportunities for Government-Funded Airport Construction Projects AGENCY: Office of the... 15. Reply to Jackson, O'Keefe, and Jacobs. Morley, Donald Dean 1988-01-01 Replies to Sally Jackson, Daniel O'Keefe, and Scott Jacobs' article (same issue), maintaining that randomness requirements can not be relaxed for generalizing from message samples, since systematic samples are not truly random. (MS) 16. Bug bites and stings: When to see a dermatologist Full Text Available ... Meeting Scholarship AAD CME Award Advocate of the Year Award Cochrane Scholarship Diversity Mentorship Program Van Scott ... state legislation State advocacy grants Advocate of the Year Award Step therapy legislation Scope of practice Melanoma ... 17. Innovative Interpretive Qualitative Case Study Research Method ... lc2o The combined use of case study and systems theory is rarely discussed in the ... Scott, 2002), the main benefit of doing qualitative research is the patience ..... Teaching ICT to teacher candidates ... English Language Teachers. London: Arnold. 18. Computational Equipment for Support of Air Force Sponsored Programs for the Design of Advanced and Miniaturized Explosive and Advanced Propellant Systems Stewart, D. S; Buckmaster, John D; Jackson, Thomas L 2008-01-01 This grant funded the acquisition of a 128 node/256 processor cluster computer that now supports the computational needs of the combined, Air Force-sponsored research groups of Prof. D. Scott Stewart (PI... 19. Dandruff: How to Treat Full Text Available ... Meeting Scholarship AAD CME Award Advocate of the Year Award Cochrane Scholarship Diversity Mentorship Program Van Scott ... state legislation State advocacy grants Advocate of the Year Award Step therapy legislation Scope of practice Melanoma ... 20. How to Stop Biting Your Nails Full Text Available ... Meeting Scholarship AAD CME Award Advocate of the Year Award Cochrane Scholarship Diversity Mentorship Program Van Scott ... state legislation State advocacy grants Advocate of the Year Award Step therapy legislation Scope of practice Melanoma ... 1. 75 FR 61664 - Endangered and Threatened Wildlife and Plants; Endangered Status for the Altamaha Spinymussel and... 2010-10-06 ... collected 19 and 21 live individuals, respectively, during two surveys at Red Bluff (Thomas and Scott 1965... 2007a, p. 9). Agriculture, including row crops, poultry farms, and pastures, constitute 15.5 percent of... 2. Aarskog syndrome Aarskog disease; Aarskog-Scott syndrome; AAS; Faciodigitogenital syndrome; Gaciogenital dysplasia ... Aarskog syndrome is a genetic disorder that is linked to the X chromosome. It affects mainly males, but females ... 3. 75 FR 29189 - Emerald Ash Borer; Addition of Quarantined Areas in Kentucky, Michigan, Minnesota, New York... 2010-05-25 ..., Indiana, Minnesota, Michigan, Ohio, Pennsylvania, West Virginia, and Wisconsin have already been..., Henry, Jefferson, Jessamine, Kenton, Oldham, Owen, Pendleton, Scott, Shelby, Trimble, and Woodford.... Shelby County. The entire county. Trimble County. The entire county. Woodford County. The entire county... 4. Lyme Disease Tests ... Wu, A. (© 2006). Tietz Clinical Guide to Laboratory Tests, 4th Edition: Saunders Elsevier, St. Louis, MO. Pp 1538. Forbes, B. et. al. (© 2007). Bailey & Scott's Diagnostic Microbiology, 12th Edition: Mosby Elsevier Press, St. Louis, MO. ... 5. Fungal Tests ... Wu, A. (2006). Tietz Clinical Guide to Laboratory Tests, Fourth Edition. Saunders Elsevier, St. Louis, Missouri. Pp 1569, 1570, 1532, 1616. Forbes, B. et. al. (© 2007). Bailey & Scott's Diagnostic Microbiology, Twelfth Edition: Mosby Elsevier Press, St. Louis, Missouri. ... 6. Chickenpox and Shingles Tests ... Wu, A. (© 2006). Tietz Clinical Guide to Laboratory Tests , Fourth Edition: Saunders Elsevier, St. Louis, MO. Pp 1623. Forbes, B. et. al. (© 2007). Bailey & Scott's Diagnostic Microbiology , Twelfth Edition: Mosby Elsevier Press, St. Louis, MO. ... 7. Vastandlik paar valede võrgus 2000-01-01 Põnevusfilm "Pettuse võrgus" ("Random Hearts"), lühiandmed peaosaliste Harrison Fordi ja Kristin Scott Thomase, kirjaniku Warren Adleri ja režissöör Sydney Pollacki kohta. : Ameerika Ühendriigid 1999 8. 77 FR 26959 - Final Flood Elevation Determinations 2012-05-08 ... River At the Mississippi County +335 Unincorporated Areas of boundary. Scott County. At the Alexander... 75110. Preston County, West Virginia, and Incorporated Areas Docket No.: FEMA-B-1166 Back Run At the... 9. Vsemirnaja svara vokrug tsarstva nebesnogo 2005-01-01 Ajalooline mängufilm "Taevane kuningriik" ("Kingdom of Heaven") : režissöör Ridley Scott : Ameerika Ühendriigid - Hispaania - Suurbritannia 2005. Religioossete ringkondade pahameelest filmi suhtes 10. Prevalence, risk factors and risk perception of tuberculosis infection ... Prevalence, risk factors and risk perception of tuberculosis infection among medical students and healthcare workers in Johannesburg, South Africa. A van Rie, K McCarthy, L Scott, A Dow, WDF Venter, WS Stevens ... 11. 75 FR 57329 - Qualification of Drivers; Exemption Applications; Diabetes Mellitus 2010-09-20 ..., Tommy S. Boden, Travis D. Bjerk, Scott L. Colson, Dustin G. Cook, Nathan J. Enloe, Stephen J. Faxon, Joseph B. Hall, Mark H. Horne, Michael J. Hurst, Chad W. Lawyer, John R. Little, Roy L. McKinney, Thomas... 12. Julian Lennon Is Global Ambassador for the Lupus Foundation of America | NIH MedlinePlus the Magazine ... research. In 2009, he and musician James Scott Cook released the song "Lucy" in honor of Vodden. Proceeds from the song benefited the LFA and the Saint Thomas' Lupus Trust in London. Julian Lennon agreed to ... 13. Design Copyright: The Latest Judicial Hint Scott Hemphill; Jeannie Suk 2013-01-01 The most intriguing aspect of the debate over fashion copyright is the occasion it presents for rethinking the expansive copyright law we currently have. C. Scott Hemphill (Columbia Law) & Jeannie Suk (Harvard Law) 14. Simulation and experimental study of thermal performance of a ... of a building roof with a phase change material (PCM) .... ware model of concrete roof without cylindrical holes and PRO-E software model concrete roof .... John Kosnya, Kaushik Biswas, William Miller and Scott Kriner 2012 Field thermal ... 15. Vico and Literary Mannerism Catana, Leo Reviews: Scott Samuelson, New Vico studies, vol. 18 (2000), pp. 111-115; Maurizio Martirano, Sesto contribuito alla bibliografia vichiana (1996-2000); Alfredo Guida Editore: ?, (2002), p. 70 (Studi vichiani, vol. 37)... 16. 77 FR 6563 - Ocean Transportation Intermediary License; Applicants 2012-02-08 ..., NC 28273. Officers: Jack (John) LaVee, Vice President Operations (Qualifying Individual), Ziad R... Worldwide LLC (NVO & OFF), 88 Black Falcon Avenue, Suite 202, Boston, MA 02210. Officer: Scott Barney... 17. :) sai 25-aastaseks / Kristjan Port Port, Kristjan 2007-01-01 USA-s asuva Carnegie Melloni ülikooli professor Scott E. Fahlman saatis 25 aastat tagasi maailma esimese emotsionaalse ikooni seoses elektroonilises vestlusgrupis hargnenud teemaga huumori ja sõnumi sõbralikkuse vahendamise piiratusest online-keskkonnas 18. A double-voiced reading of Romans 13:1–7 in light of the imperial cult 2015-03-31 Mar 31, 2015 ... Drawing on Mikhail Bakhtin's theory of double-voicedness and James Scott's theory of ... kept in mind that Paul, a colonised subject, negotiates the Roman Empire. ...... in the plural form commonly denotes human authorities. 19. New vistas for developmental biology Author Affiliations. Scott F Gilbert1 Rocky S Tuan2. Department of Biology, Swarthmore College, 500 College Avenue, Swarthmore, PA 19081, USA; Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Thomas Jefferson University, 1015 Walnut Street, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA ... 20. Lekalo, po kotoromu võpolnen tshelovek / Jelena Skulskaja Skulskaja, Jelena, 1950- 2005-01-01 Mängufilm ksenofoobia, rassismi ja sallimatuse vastu "Inimene inimesele..." ("Man to Man...") : režissöör Regis Warginer : peaosades Kristin Scott Thomas ja Joseph Fiennes : Prantsusmaa - Lõuna-Aafrika Vabariik - Suurbritannia 2005 1. DOJ News Release: Local Contractor Pleads Guilty To Defrauding City Of Sacramento Of Stimulus Funds SACRAMENTO, Calif. — US Attorney Benjamin B. Wagner announced today that Peter Scott, President of Advantage Demolition and Engineering (ADE), 47, of Roseville, pleaded guilty today to two counts of submitting false contractor bonds. 2. NREL's Earl Christensen Honored with Two Awards from National Biodiesel Board | News | NREL NREL's Earl Christensen Honored with Two Awards from National Biodiesel Board NREL's Earl Christensen Honored with Two Awards from National Biodiesel Board February 16, 2018 Fuel stability research advances innovation and bolsters industry confidence in biodiesel. Scott 3. So zvjozdami na Lune / Adolf Käis 1999-01-01 Moskva "Teatr Lunõ" külalisetendused Tallinnas 15. ja 16. juunil Vene Draamateatris. Mängitakse Francis Scott Fitzgeraldi romaani "Sume on öö" instseneeringut. Instseneerija ja lavastaja Sergei Prohhanov, kunstnik Leonid Podossenov 4. 76 FR 27952 - Airworthiness Directives; Eurocopter France Model EC 120B Helicopters 2011-05-13 ... aviation authority for France, has issued French AD No. F-2005-175, dated October 26, 2005, on behalf of... .Issued in Fort Worth, Texas, on April 27, 2011. Scott A. Horn, Acting Manager, Rotorcraft Directorate... 5. Performance evaluation of concrete bridge decks reinforced with MMFX and SSC rebars. 2006-01-01 This report investigates the performance of bridge decks reinforced with stainless steel clad (SSC) and micro-composite multistructural formable steel (MMFX) rebars. The two-span Galloway Road Bridge on route CR5218 over North Elkhorn Creek in Scott ... 6. Kuu filmid / toimetanud Maria Ulfsak-Šeripova 2010-01-01 Eesti Filmiajakirjanike Ühingu ajakirjanike koostatud filmiprogrammist kinos Artis, Uue Saksa kino festivalist 6.-12. okt. ja režissöör Edgar Wright'i filmist "Scott Pilgrim terve maailma vastu" (USA 2010) 7. 75 FR 77945 - Qualification of Drivers; Exemption Applications; Vision 2010-12-14 ... Christopher J. McCulla Dickie R. Clough Darris Hardwidge Darrell Rogers Scott A. Cole Shawn M. Hebert Karl H. Strangfeld Richard W. Futrell Milan Jokic Jacob E. Wadewitz Carlos R. Galarza Douglas Jones Stephen H. Ward... 8. Molecular identification of Anopheles gambiae sensu stricto Giles ... User 2016-09-28 Sep 28, 2016 ... responsible for the transmission. The knowledge of which form, Anopheles coluzzii, A. .... National Council for Science and Technology and Health Research ..... Styer ML, Carey RJ, Wang JL, Scott TW (2007). Mosquitoes Do. 9. Wave directional spreading at shallow and intermediate depth SanilKumar, V.; Deo, M.C.; Anand, N.M. . The spectrum computed from measured data shows that Scott spectrum approximates the observations in a fairly satisfactory way. A comparative study was carried out based on the directional spectrum estimated from Fourier coefficients and the model directional... 10. Kõlakoda - muusika tundeline vägi / Tiit Kändler Kändler, Tiit, 1948- 2008-01-01 Teaduslikust muusikast - muusika seostest matemaatikaga, süsteemsest lähenemisest muusikale. Heli salvestamisest ja heliteadusest. Leiutajate Thomas Alva Edisoni ja Edouard-Leon Scott de Martinville'i loodud maailma esimestest helitaasesitusseadmetest ja helisalvestustest 11. Genetics Home Reference: genetic epilepsy with febrile seizures plus ... LA, Hodgson BL, Scott D, Jenkins M, Petrou S, Sutherland GR, Scheffer IE, Berkovic SF, Macdonald RL, Mulley ... RH, Scheffer IE, Parasivam G, Barnett S, Wallace GB, Sutherland GR, Berkovic SF, Mulley JC. Generalized epilepsy with ... 12. Naise võim Bermudas : kubjas kukutati / Allan Espenberg Espenberg, Allan 2003-01-01 Suurbritanniale kuuluva Bermuda saare parlamendivalimised vallandasid sündmuste ahela, mis võivad muuta asumaa poliitikat. Ametist tagandati peaminister Jennifer Meredith Smith ja uueks peaministriks sai senine tööminister William Alexander Scott 2006-01-01 Uutest heliplaatidest Deftones "Saturday Night Wrist", Robb Scott "Afro Adyssey", Zucchero "Fly", Agoria "The Green Armchair", "Back To The Bus ئ Babyshambes", Fratellis "Costello Music", Rod Stewart "Still The Same..." 14. 76 FR 58249 - Notice of Availability of Proposed Low Effect Habitat Conservation Plan for Tumalo Irrigation... 2011-09-20 .... FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: Scott Carlon, NMFS (503) 231-2379. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION... habitat modification or degradation where it actually kills or injures fish or wildlife by significantly impairing essential behavioral patterns, including breeding, feeding, spawning, migrating, rearing, and... 15. Journal of Biosciences | Indian Academy of Sciences pp 495-501 Articles. How phenotypic plasticity made its way into molecular biology ... Human pancreatic islet progenitor cells demonstrate phenotypic plasticity in vitro · Maithili P .... Ageing and cancer as diseases of epigenesis · Scott F Gilbert. 16. 78 FR 11429 - Federal Property Suitable as Facilities To Assist the Homeless 2013-02-15 ...: Mr. Scott Whiteford, Army Corps of Engineers, Real Estate, CEMP-CR, 441 G Street NW., Washington, DC...., needs rehab, most recent use--chemistry lab, off-site use only Bldg. E3335 Property Number: 21200330144... 17. 77 FR 7245 - Federal Property Suitable as Facilities To Assist the Homeless 2012-02-10 ...; COE: Mr. Scott Whiteford, Army Corps of Engineers, Real Estate, CEMP-CR, 441 G Street NW., Washington... 21005 Status: Unutilized Comments: 44,352 sq. ft., needs rehab, most recent use--chemistry lab, off-site... 18. 75 FR 47810 - Granting of Request for Early Termination of the Waiting Period Under the Premerger Notification... 2010-08-09 ...-Scott Rodino Antitrust Improvements Act of 1976, requires persons contemplating certain mergers or... status Party name 30-JUN-10 20100840 G Li & Fung Limited. G Steven Kahn. G The Max Leather Group, Inc. G... 19. "Tõehetke" usaldusväärsust tõstev leiutis patenteerimisel / Villu Päärt Päärt, Villu, 1972- 2008-01-01 Drexeli ülikooli meditsiinikolledzhi teadlane Scott Bunce on välja mõelnud uue lahenduse ajutegevuse mõõtmiseks, kus kasutatakse infrapunase lainepikkusega valgust, mis annab parema tulemuse kui elektroentsefalograafia või funktsionaalne magnetresonantstomograafia 20. Training sociolinguistic awareness in school pedagogy Fabricius, Anne 2011-01-01 Book review of "Affirming Students' Rights to Their Own Language: Bridging Language Policies and Pedagogical Practices,” by Jerrie Cobb Scott, Dolores Y. Straker and Laurie Katz. 2009. Routledge. pp 418. ISBN: 978-0-8058-6349-9.......Book review of "Affirming Students' Rights to Their Own Language: Bridging Language Policies and Pedagogical Practices,” by Jerrie Cobb Scott, Dolores Y. Straker and Laurie Katz. 2009. Routledge. pp 418. ISBN: 978-0-8058-6349-9.... 1. The Influence of Multiple Host Contacts on the Acquisition and Transmission of Dengue-2 Virus 1993-01-01 final push, Dr. Scott nudged , prodded and cajoled me into finishing. Dr. Scott also taught me that there’s always time and room for change , even within... change the behavior of their host. Sci. Am. 250: 108-115. Molyneux, D. H. and D. Jefferies. 1986. Feeding behaviour of pathogen-infected vectors...inadequate to account for changes in the incidence of dengue hemorrhagic fever." Since changes in adult female Af. agga. population size and life 2. Statistical Inferences from the Topology of Complex Networks 2016-10-04 stable, does not lose any information, has continuous and discrete versions, and obeys a strong law of large numbers and a central limit theorem. The...paper (with J.A. Scott) “Categorification of persistent homology” [7] in the journal Discrete and Computational Geome- try and the paper “Metrics for...Generalized Persistence Modules” (with J.A. Scott and V. de Silva) in the journal Foundations of Computational Math - ematics [5]. These papers develop 3. Résultats de recherche | Page 450 | CRDI - Centre de recherches ... Scott Gilmore. Scott est entrepreneur social et rédacteur. Profile. -. Jean Lebel. Jean a été nommé président du CRDI le 1er mai 2013. À titre de président du CRDI, Jean dirige l'apport du Centre aux efforts que déploie le Canada en matière de développement, de politique étrangère et d'innovation mondiale. Pages. 4. 2006 Chemical Biological Individual Protection (CBIP) Conference and Exhibition 2006-03-09 Requirements Office (JRO), MAJ W. Scott Smedley , Joint Requirements Office for Chemical, Biological, Radiological, and Nuclear Defense JPEO...Decker Director of Engineering 410-436-5600 www.ecbc.army.mil Gabe Patricio, JPEO 703 681-0808 Robert Wattenbarger, JPMOIP 703 432-3198 Canadian CBRN...UNCLASSIFIED Joint Requirements Office for Chemical, Biological, and Nuclear Defense MAJ W. Scott Smedley 8 March 2006 Individual Protection Conference 5. Design, Test, and Evaluation of a Transonic Axial Compressor Rotor with Splitter Blades 2013-09-01 INTRODUCTION A. MOTIVATION Over the course of turbomachinery history splitter vanes have been used extensively in centrifugal compressors . Axial...TEST, AND EVALUATION OF A TRANSONIC AXIAL COMPRESSOR ROTOR WITH SPLITTER BLADES by Scott Drayton September 2013 Dissertation Co...AXIAL COMPRESSOR ROTOR WITH SPLITTER BLADES 5. FUNDING NUMBERS 6. AUTHOR(S) Scott Drayton 7. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME(S) AND ADDRESS(ES 6. Determination of the Relationship between Information Capacity and Identification by Simulated Aerial Photography. 1978-06-27 experiment by Frank Scott, Peter Hollanda , and Albert Harabedian 7 7Scott, F., Hollanda , P. A., and Harabedian, A., Phot. Sci. Eng., 14 1 pp 21-27...photographs of models of military tanks and trucks. The information capacity of these photos was varied by defocussing the taking camera and the simulated...photographic reconnaissance mission. This was done by photographing models of military targets, I processing and duplicating the resulting images, and 7. Stemcell Information: SKIP000849 [SKIP Stemcell Database[Archive Full Text Available Technologies). 健常人由来iPS細胞。 human ES-like Research Grade Sendai virus Oct4, Sox2,Klf4, and c-Myc ... Yes MEF Hu...Chris M. Woodard ... The New York Stem Cell Foundation Research Institute The New York Stem Cell Foundation Research... Institute Scott A. Noggle ... Scott A. Noggle ... The New York Stem Cell Foundation Research Institute The N...ew York Stem Cell Foundation Research Institute Information Only ... 25456120 8. VAST Challenge 2015: Mayhem at Dinofun World 2015-10-25 Crouser Abstract— A fictitious amusement park and a larger-than-life hometown football hero provided participants in the VAST Challenge 2015 with an...last year was a weekend tribute to Scott Jones, internationally renowned football (“soccer,” in US terminology) star. Scott Jones is from a town...Challenge: history , scope, and outcomes. Information Visualization, 13(4):301–312, 2014. [2] Visual Analytics Benchmark Repository, http://hcil2 9. United States Air Force Summer Faculty Research Program 1989. Program Technical Report. Volume 2 1989-12-01 968, June 1987. 22. E. Zielinski , H. Schweizer, S. Hausser, R. Stuber, M. H. Pilkuhn, and G. Weimann,"Systematics of laser operation in GaAs/AlGaAs...Mike Hinman, John Wagnon, Dave Froehlich, Scott Huse, Scott Shyne, and Ken Taylor. 79-3 I. Introduction Pattern Recognition (PR) is an important...many aspects of this research was also greatly appreciated. Finally, I want to thank Audrey Martinez, Al Leverette, Lt. Georke, Dave Fernald and 10. LWIR Microgrid Polarimeter for Remote Sensing Studies 2010-02-28 Polarimeter for Remote Sensing Studies 5b. GRANT NUMBER FA9550-08-1-0295 5c. PROGRAM ELEMENT NUMBER 6. AUTHOR(S) 5d. PROJECT NUMBER 1. Scott Tyo 5e. TASK...and tested at the University of Arizona, and preliminary images are shown in this final report. 15. SUBJECT TERMS Remote Sensing , polarimetry 16...7.0 LWIR Microgrid Polarimeter for Remote Sensing Studies J. Scott Tyo College of Optical Sciences University of Arizona Tucson, AZ, 85721 tyo 11. Design of Experiment Approach to Hydrogen Re-embrittlement Evaluation WP-2152 2015-04-01 2152 by Scott M Grendahl, Hoang Nguyen, Franklin Kellogg , Shuying Zhu, and Stephen Jones Approved for public release...and Materials Research Directorate, ARL Hoang Nguyen and Franklin Kellogg Bowhead Science and Technology, LLC Shuying Zhu and Stephen Jones The...ELEMENT NUMBER 6. AUTHOR(S) Scott M Grendahl, Hoang Nguyen, Franklin Kellogg , Shuying Zhu, and Stephen Jones 5d. PROJECT NUMBER W74RDV20769717 5e 12. ARO Summary Research Report (University of Michigan) 2014-10-03 Federalism, and Cultural Evolution." , Cliodynamics: The Journal of Theoretical and Mathematical History (10 2011) Lu Hong, Scott Page, Maria Riolo...Priorot Conference on Political Economy and the Venice Conference on Behavioral Political Economy. Among other highlights, were presentations by...The Journal of Theoretical and Mathematical History 3(1):81-93, 2012. 4. Jenna Bednar, Yan Chen, and Xiao Liu and Scott Page,“Behavioral spillovers 13. Operations Mercury and Husky: Contemporary Art of Operations and their Relevance for Operational Art 2016-04-07 123 Cote, “OPERATION Husky: A critical Analysis,” 5-6. 124 Scott G. Hirshson and Paul J. Pugliese, Patton: A Soldier’s Life (New York: HarperCollins...prescriptive, 161 ADP 3-0, 9; introduced in section II, Gross, Mythos und Wirklichkeit, 17. 50 cherry ...MONTGOMERY: D-Day Commander. Washington: Potomac Books, 2007. Hirshson, Scott G. and Paul J. Pugliese. Patton: A Soldier’s Life. New York 14. Preparing for the Future, Looking to the Past: History, Theory, and Doctrine in the U.S. Army 2013-05-23 Construction, 10–11. 109 Scott Gorman, interviewed by author, Fort Leavenworth, KS, February 5, 2013. Dr. Schifferle recommended an interview with Dr...the End of the Cold War: Implications, Reconsiderations, Provocations. New York: Oxford University Press, USA, 1992. Galloway , Archie. “FM 100-5: Who...of Advanced Military Studies Faculty. Interview by author, Fort Leavenworth, KS, February 5, 2013. Gorman, Scott . Academic Director of the School of 15. A More Nuanced Approach to the Fourth Estate 2012-05-17 and accurately.117 Veteran reporter Joe Galloway writing before the start of OIF, stated “Any reporter who has the [courage] to go into combat is...arguably crossing the line from objective reporter to active combatant.119 Boston Globe Journalist, Scott Bernard Nelson, also disclosed that he...www.brookings.edu/comm/events/20030617.pdf (accessed September 14, 2011). Donnelly, Mike, Mitch Gettle, Greg Scott , and Dana Warr. “Embedded Journalism: How War 16. Developing a Common Metric for Evaluating Police Performance in Deadly Force Situations 2012-08-27 Even police shootings that are morally, legally and procedurally justified can have potentially devastating consequences. As Geller and Scott (1992: 1...itself (for summaries, see Geller and Scott , 1992; Binder and Fridell, 1984; Alpert and Fridell, 1992; Fridell, 2005). Most of these studies have...Adrienne, Chris Berka, Ronald Stevens, Bryan Vila, Veasna Tan, Trysha Galloway , Robin Johnson, Giby Raphael. (2012) “Neurotechnology to Accelerate 17. The Evolution of Centralized Operational Logistics 2012-05-17 Lieutenant General Daniel G. Brown United States Army Deputy Commander in Chief, United States Transportation Command: An Oral History ( Scott Air Force Base...Printing Office, 2004. Fuson, Jack C. Transportation and Logistics: One Man’s Story. Washington, DC: Government Printing Office, 1997. Galloway ...History. Scott Air Force Base: United States Transportation Command, 2006. Mills, Patrick, Ken Evers, Donna Kinlin, and Robert S. Tripp. Supporting 18. The Effect of Initial Public Offering (IPO) Firm Legitimacy on Cooperative Agreements and Performance 2000-04-04 legitimacy A review of institutional theory (Meyer & Rowan, 1977; Scott, 1995; Zucker, 1983) suggests a set of institutional domains that Scott (1995:35...psychology (Berger & Luckman, 1967) and the cognitive school of institutional theory (Meyer & Rowan, 1977; Zucker, 1983). Organizations have to conform to...regression analysis for business and economics. Belmont, CA: Duxbury. DiMaggio, P.J. 1988. Interest and agency in institutional theory . In L.G 19. Anonymous Agencies, Backstreet Businesses and Covert Collectives Krause Hansen, Hans; Schoeneborn, Dennis 2015-01-01 Book review of: Anonymous Agencies, Backstreet Businesses and Covert Collectives: rethinking Organizations in the 21st Century, C. R. Scott. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press, 2013. 272 pp. £45.90. ISBN 9780804781381......Book review of: Anonymous Agencies, Backstreet Businesses and Covert Collectives: rethinking Organizations in the 21st Century, C. R. Scott. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press, 2013. 272 pp. £45.90. ISBN 9780804781381... 20. Social Behavior in Medulloblastoma: Functional Analysis of Tumor-Supporting Glial Cells 2015-10-01 the manuscript with inputs from all authors. All authors reviewed the manuscript. Acknowledgements We thank Chris Doe, David Rowitch, and Praveen...201–208. Goodrich, L.V., Milenković, L., Higgins , K.M., and Scott, M.P. (1997). Altered Neural Cell Fates and Medulloblastoma in Mouse patched...Genes & Development 27, 98–115. Goodrich, L.V., Milenković, L., Higgins , K.M., and Scott, M.P. (1997). Altered Neural Cell Fates and Medulloblastoma in 1. Research Design 2019-01-01 Gunnar Scott Reinbacher (editor) Antology.  Research Design : Validation in Social Sciences. Gunnar Scott Reinbacher: Introduction. Research design and validity. 15p Ole Riis: Creative Research design. 16 p Lennart Nørreklit: Validity in Research Design. 24p Gitte Sommer Harrits: Praxeological...... Scott Reinbacher: Multidisciplinary Research Designs in Problem Based Research. The case of an european project on chronical diseases, the Tandem project (Training Alternmative Networking Skills in Diabetes Management). 15p Niels Nørgaard Kristensen: A qualitative bottom up approach to post modern...... knowledge: An integrated strategy for combining "explaining" and "understanding". 22p Heidi Houlberg Salomonsen & Viola Burau: Comparative research designs. 40p Rasmus Antoft & Heidi Houlberg Salomonsen: Studying organizations by a Pragmatic Research Design: the case of qualitative case study  designs. 31p... 2. Level up! the guide to great video game design Rogers, Scott 2014-01-01 Want to design your own video games? Let expert Scott Rogers show you how! If you want to design and build cutting-edge video games but aren't sure where to start, then the SECOND EDITION of the acclaimed Level Up! is for you! Written by leading video game expert Scott Rogers, who has designed the hits Pac Man World, Maximo and SpongeBob Squarepants, this updated edition provides clear and well-thought out examples that forgo theoretical gobbledygook with charmingly illustrated concepts and solutions based on years of professional experience. Level Up! 2nd Edition has been NEWLY EXPANDED to 3. Miscalculated Ambiguity: The Effects of US Nuclear Declaratory Policy on Deterrence and Nonproliferation 2010-06-01 Use. (Santa Monica, Calif.: RAND, 1995) 7. 5 Sagan , Scott. "The Case for No First Use." Survival 51, no. 3 (2009): 163-182. 6 The Stanley Foundation...America’s Nuclear Posture. (Cambridge, MA: Union of Concerned Scientists Global Security Program, 2010) 1. 60 Sagan , Scott. "The Case for No First...Foreign Policy for the 1970s: Building for Peace. S.l.: s.n., 1971. Nonproliferation--60 Years Later. DVD. Directed by Carla Robbins. Washington D.C 4. Temperature Dependent Rubidium Helium Line Shapes and Fine Structure Mixing Rates 2015-09-01 tube biased at 1,275 V exhibited a dark signal bias of 4-6 nA with noise fluctuation of 0.04 nA, as monitored on a Keithley model 386 picoammeter with...Journal of Physical Chemistry, 74(1):187–196, 1970. [79] Wu, Sheldon SQ, Thomas F Soules , Ralph H Page, Scott C Mitchell, V Keith Kanz, and Raymond J...Society for Optics and Photonics, 2008. [80] Wu, Sheldon SQ, Thomas F Soules , Ralph H Page, Scott C Mitchell, V Keith Kanz, and Raymond J Beach 5. Temperature Dependent Rubidium-Helium Line Shapes and Fine Structure Mixing Rates 2015-09-17 tube biased at 1,275 V exhibited a dark signal bias of 4-6 nA with noise fluctuation of 0.04 nA, as monitored on a Keithley model 386 picoammeter with...Journal of Physical Chemistry, 74(1):187–196, 1970. [79] Wu, Sheldon SQ, Thomas F Soules , Ralph H Page, Scott C Mitchell, V Keith Kanz, and Raymond J...Society for Optics and Photonics, 2008. [80] Wu, Sheldon SQ, Thomas F Soules , Ralph H Page, Scott C Mitchell, V Keith Kanz, and Raymond J Beach 6. Résultats de recherche | Page 447 | CRDI - Centre de recherches ... Profile. Scott Gilmore. Scott est entrepreneur social et rédacteur. Profile. Jean Lebel. Jean a été nommé président du CRDI le 1er mai 2013. À titre de président du CRDI, Jean dirige l'apport du Centre aux efforts que déploie le Canada en matière de développement, de politique étrangère et d'innovation mondiale. Profile ... 7. STS-72 Flight Day 7 1996-01-01 On this seventh day of the STS-72 mission, the flight crew, Cmdr. Brian Duffy, Pilot Brent W. Jett, and Mission Specialists Leroy Chiao, Daniel T. Barry, Winston E. Scott, and Koichi Wakata (NASDA), awakened to music from the Walt Disney movie, 'Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs.' Chiao and Scott performed the second spacewalk of the mission where they tested equipment and work platforms that will be used in building the planned International Space Station. This spacewalk was almost seven hours long. Wakata conducted an interview with and answered questions from six graders from a Japanese school in Houston, Texas. 8. Nation, region, and globe alternative definitions of place in world history Little, Daniel 2014-01-01 The paper begins in the recognition of the importance of ‘world history’ and considers some of the current challenges this field faces. It considers several important contributions to the field that illuminate the value of fresh approaches: James Scott''s construction of ‘Zomia’, Emmanuel Todd''s historicization of ‘France’ as a nation, Bin Wong and Kenneth Pomeranz''s new approach to Eurasian economic history, and Victor Lieberman''s analysis of the strange synchrony between Southeast Asia a... 9. Microwave phase locking of Josephson-junction fluxon oscillators Salerno, M.; Samuelsen, Mogens Rugholm; Filatrella, G. 1990-01-01 Application of the classic McLaughlin-Scott soliton perturbation theory to a Josephson-junction fluxon subjected to a microwave field that interacts with the fluxon only at the junction boundaries reduces the problem of phase locking of the fluxon oscillation to the study of a two-dimensional fun......Application of the classic McLaughlin-Scott soliton perturbation theory to a Josephson-junction fluxon subjected to a microwave field that interacts with the fluxon only at the junction boundaries reduces the problem of phase locking of the fluxon oscillation to the study of a two... 10. Camp Marmal Flood Study 2012-03-01 was simulated by means of a broad - crested weir built into the topography of the mesh. There is 0.5 m of freeboard and the width of the weir is 30 m...ER D C/ CH L TR -1 2- 5 Camp Marmal Flood Study Co as ta l a nd H yd ra ul ic s La bo ra to ry Jeremy A. Sharp , Steve H. Scott...Camp Marmal Flood Study Jeremy A. Sharp , Steve H. Scott, Mark R. Jourdan, and Gaurav Savant Coastal and Hydraulics Laboratory U.S. Army Engineer 11. Seed protein variations of Salicornia L. and allied taxa in Turkey. Yaprak, A E; Yurdakulol, E 2007-06-01 Electrophoretic seed protein patterns of a number of accessions of Salicornia europaea L. sl., S. prostrata Palas, S. fragilis P.W. Ball and Tutin, Sarcocornia fruticosa (L.) A. J. Scott, Sarcocornia perennis (Miller.) A. J. Scott, Arthrocnemum glaucum (Del.) Ung.-Sternb., Microcnemum coralloides (Loscos and Pardo) subsp. anatolicum Wagenitz and Halocnemum strobilaceum (Pall.) Bieb. were electrophoretically analysed on SDS-PAGE. In total 48 different bands were identified. The obtained data have been treated numerically using the cluster analysis method of unweighted pair group (UPGMA). Finally it was determined that all species separated according to seed protein profiles. And the cladogram obtained studied taxa have been given. 12. Evaluating the Efficacy of ERG Targeted Therapy in vivo for Prostate Tumors 2016-06-01 Arvin M. Gouw, Meital Gabay, Stacey J. Adam, David I. Bellovin, Phuoc T. Tran, William M. Philbricke, Adolfo Garcia-Ocanaf, Stephanie C. Casey, Yulin Li ...2016). In press. PMID: 27080744. 4. Abstracts (Year 5 only from a total of 47 since the beginning of the DoD PRTA): 1. Omar Y. Mian , Scott Robertson...Meeting. 2. Omar Y. Mian , Scott Robertson, Amol Narang, Sameer Agarwal, Hee Joon Bae, Todd McNutt, Phuoc Tran, Theodore L. DeWeese, Danny Y. Song 13. Thinking About Thinking: Enhancing Creativity and Understanding in Operational Planners 2012-06-08 inhibitors. Education outside the U.S. Army and DoD education system could provide boundless new perspectives and insights, which could be reintegrated back... labour , think tanks, and the policy process. International Journal of Press/Politics 14, no. 1: 3-20. Scott, Ginamarie M., Devin C. Lonergan, and 14. SOLAR ENERGY APPLICATION IN WASTE TREATMENT- A REVIEW user energy conversion, climate change mitigation and most importantly .... on the earth surface, the need to minimize wastage in both the ... but if the weather is cloudy, then it should be left for about 2 days. The combined effect of UV-induced DNA alteration ..... [37] Scott, J. P. and Ollis, D.F, Engineering models of combined ... 15. 5 CFR Appendix C to Subpart B of... - Appropriated Fund Wage and Survey Areas 2010-01-01 ... of Columbia, Washington, DC Survey Area District of Columbia: Washington, DC Maryland: Charles... Illinois: Cook Du Page Kane Lake McHenry Will Area of Application. Survey area plus: Illinois: Boone De...: Harrison Jennings Scott Washington Louisiana Lake Charles-Alexandria Survey Area Louisiana: Allen... 16. Physical constraints and the comparative ecology of coastal ecosystems across the US Great Lakes, with a coda One of my favorite papers by Scott Nixon (1988) was the story he build around the observation that marine fisheries yields were higher than temperate lakes. The putative agent for the freshwater/marine difference, involved a higher energy of mixing due to tides in marine environm... 17. Ad Hoc Transient Groups: Instruments for Awareness in Learning Networks Fetter, Sibren; Rajagopal, Kamakshi; Berlanga, Adriana; Sloep, Peter 2011-01-01 Fetter, S., Rajagopal, K., Berlanga, A. J., & Sloep, P. B. (2011). Ad Hoc Transient Groups: Instruments for Awareness in Learning Networks. In W. Reinhardt, T. D. Ullmann, P. Scott, V. Pammer, O. Conlan, & A. J. Berlanga (Eds.), Proceedings of the 1st European Workshop on Awareness and Reflection in 18. 16 CFR 803.10 - Running of time. 2010-01-01 ... 16 Commercial Practices 1 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Running of time. 803.10 Section 803.10 Commercial Practices FEDERAL TRADE COMMISSION RULES, REGULATIONS, STATEMENTS AND INTERPRETATIONS UNDER THE HART-SCOTT-RODINO ANTITRUST IMPROVEMENTS ACT OF 1976 TRANSMITTAL RULES § 803.10 Running of time. (a... 19. Multiple-Optimizing Dynamic Sensor Networks with MIMO Technology (PREPRINT) 2010-06-01 cluster edge is always d and never changes. A backbone is a rooted tree formed by cluster heads. The transmission distance for a backbone-edge...optimization considerations and algorithms,” IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing, 2004. 15. T. Tang, M. Park, R. W. Heath, Jr. and Scott M. Nettles , “A 20. Hydraena Kugelann, 1794 (Coleoptera, Hydraenidae from the Seychelles, Indian Ocean, with description of a new species Manfred A. Jäch 2016-10-01 Full Text Available Hydraena matyoti sp. n. (Coleoptera, Hydraenidae is described from the Seychelles, Indian Ocean. Hydraena mahensis Scott, 1913 is redescribed. The latter is here recorded from La Digue for the first time. A key to the species of the genus Hydraena Kugelann, 1794 of the Seychelles is presented. 1. Hydraena Kugelann, 1794 (Coleoptera, Hydraenidae) from the Seychelles, Indian Ocean, with description of a new species. Jäch, Manfred A; Delgado, Juan A 2016-01-01 Hydraena matyoti sp. n. (Coleoptera, Hydraenidae) is described from the Seychelles, Indian Ocean. Hydraena mahensis Scott, 1913 is redescribed. The latter is here recorded from La Digue for the first time. A key to the species of the genus Hydraena Kugelann, 1794 of the Seychelles is presented. 2. Casualties of War: Combat Trauma and the Return of the Combat Veteran Kiely, Denis O.; Swift, Lisa 2009-01-01 The experience of the combat soldier and the road back to civilian life are recurrent themes in American literature and cinema. Whether the treatment is tragic (Stephen Crane's "Red Badge of Courage", Tim O'Brien's "The Things They Carried", or Tony Scott's "Blackhawk Down"), satirical (Joseph Heller's "Catch Twenty-Two" and Robert Altman's… 3. Experimentadesign Amsterdamis / Kai Lobjakas Lobjakas, Kai, 1975- 2008-01-01 18.-21. septembrini 2008 toimunud rahvusvahelise disainibiennaali Experimentadesign avanädalast. Biennaali teemaks oli "Space and Place. Design for the Urban Landscape". Näitustest "Sunday Adventure Club" (kuraator Ester van de Wiel), "Droog Event 2 : Urban Play" (kuraator Scott Burnham"), "Come to My Place" 4. Kurjategijate moonded / Erkki Luuk Luuk, Erkki, 1971- 2003-01-01 Hannibal Lecteri kuju Anthony Hopkinsi kehastuses Thomas Harrise romaanide alusel loodud triloogias "Voonakeste vaikimine" (Jonathan Demme, 1991), "Hannibal" (Ridley Scott, 2001) ja "Punane draakon" (Brett Ratner, 2002). Lisatud režissööride Jonathan Demme, Ridley Scotti ja Brett Ratneri filmograafiad lk. 102 5. DVD-d / Andres Laasik Laasik, Andres, 1960-2016 2007-01-01 Kolm mängufilmide DVD-d : ameerika mängufilm "Kahe tule vahel" ("Departed"; režissöör Martin Scorsese; 2006), inglise mängufilm "Hea aasta" ("A Good Year"; režissöör Ridley Scott; 2006) ja eesti kokandusfilm "10 erinevat liharooga", kus toiduvalmistamist juhivad Madis Milling ja Tiina Kimmel (2007) 6. 76 FR 30937 - Environmental Impacts Statements; Notice of Availability 2011-05-27 ... and to Areas within and Adjacent to Wildland Urban Interface near Tennant, Goosenest Ranger District... land Use Development in the Specific Plan Area, City of Folsom, Sacramento County, CA, Review Period... 2004 FEIS, Ashland Ranger District, Rogue River National Forest and Scott River Ranger District... 7. The Teacher and the Classroom Duke, Nell K.; Cervetti, Gina N.; Wise, Crystal N. 2016-01-01 "In Becoming a Nation of Readers" ("BNR") (1985), Richard C. Anderson, Elfrieda H. Hiebert, Judith A. Scott, and Ian A. G. Wilkinson argued that the quality of teaching is a powerful influence on children's reading development--more powerful than the influence of the general teaching approach or materials used. In this article,… 8. Learning from Wisconsin Daniel, Jamie Owen 2011-01-01 Like thousands of other people from around the country and around the world, this author was heartened and inspired by the tenacity, immediacy, and creativity of the pushback by Wisconsin's public-sector unions against Governor Scott Walker's efforts to limit their collective bargaining rights. And like many others who made the trek to Madison to… 9. How nice to be good at it Gregersen, Frans 2010-01-01 De emner og forfattere der behandles er: tekst og undertekst i dagligsprog og fiktionsprosa: Ian McEwan, fortællerstilarter: Walter Scott og citatpraksis: dagligsproget. Artiklens pointe er at påvise sammenhængen mellem dagligsproget og kunstprosaens videre forarbejdning af effekter herfra.... 10. 75 FR 32525 - Self-Regulatory Organizations; Financial Industry Regulatory Authority, Inc.; Order Approving... 2010-06-08 ...., Associate Clinical Professor of Law, Cornell Law School, and Director, Cornell Securities Law Clinic, and Lennie Sliwinski, Cornell Law School class of 2011, dated May 15, 2010; and Scott R. Shewan, President... arbitration award to a customer. FINRA Rule 9554 allows FINRA to bring expedited actions to address failures... 11. 76 FR 17841 - Interim Change to the Military Freight Traffic Unified Rules Publication (MFTURP) No. 1 2011-03-31 ... DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE Department of the Army Interim Change to the Military Freight Traffic Unified Rules Publication (MFTURP) No. 1 AGENCY: Department of the Army, DoD. SUMMARY: The Military..., Scott AFB 62225. Request for additional information may be sent by e-mail to: [email protected]us.army.mil... 12. Finding Conjectures Using Geometer's Sketchpad Fallstrom, Scott; Walter, Marion 2011-01-01 Conjectures, theorems, and problems in print often appear to come out of nowhere. Scott Fallstrom and Marion Walter describe how their thinking and conjectures evolved; they try to show how collaboration helped expand their ideas. By showing the results from working together, they hope readers will encourage collaboration amongst their students.… 13. 76 FR 17181 - Agency Information Collection Activities: Requests for Comments; Clearance of Renewed Approval of... 2011-03-28 ... May 27, 2011. FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: Carla Scott on (202) 267-9895, or by e-mail at: Carla... Tank Flammability on Transport Category Airplanes AGENCY: Federal Aviation Administration (FAA), DOT... Flammability on Transport Category Airplanes. Form Numbers: There are no FAA forms associated with this... 14. Building Trust, Forging Relationships 2011-01-01 Scott Andrews was a former guidance counselor with no experience in school administration when he became Amityville Memorial High School's principal in 2004, but he brought a wealth of knowledge and experience in psychology--including a doctorate--to the position. He also quickly recruited Peter Hutchison, a special education teacher, to be an… 15. Vehicle Impact Testing of Snow Roads at McMurdo Station, Antarctica 2014-06-01 especially during warm weather when their high flotation tires al- low greater over-snow mobility. Table 2. Test vehicle information. Vehicle Vehicle...potential danger to the vehicle and pax 16 ERDC/CRREL TR-14-9 51 GO SLOWTI-U<OtJG-ISBTFOR YOLH?. SAFETY LANE C SCOTT BASE TRANSIT/ONTO SILVER 16. Impact of z-direction fiber orientation on performance of commercial and laboratory linerboards David W. Vahey; John M. Considine; Roland Gleisner; Alan Rudie; Sabine Rolland du Roscoat; Jean-Francis Bloch 2009-01-01 Fibers tilted in z-direction by hydraulic forces associated with rushing or dragging the sheet can bond multiple strata together, resulting in improved out-of-plane shear strengths. Tilted fibers are difficult to identify microscopically; however, their presence can result in different measurements of Scott internal bond when tests are carried out in the two opposing... 17. New Winds of Racism. Grapevine, 1978 1978-01-01 This paper provides an analysis by three black leaders of how the law, the nation, and the church agencies have responded to liberation issues in recent years. Victor M. Goode analyzes the role and status of blacks under the law from the Scott v. Sandford decision in 1857 through the dismantling of the formal structures of slavery and the modern… 18. 77 FR 52391 - Qualification of Drivers; Exemption Applications; Vision 2012-08-29 ... Statistics, April 1952). Other studies demonstrated theories of predicting crash proneness from crash history... Application of Multiple Regression Analysis of a Poisson Process,'' Journal of American Statistical.... Stephens (CO), Clayton L. Schroeder (MN), James C. Sharp (PA), Ronald J. VanHoof (WA), and Scott C... 19. The Online Learning Knowledge Garden: A Pedagogic Planning Tool for e-Learning Scott, Bernard 2006-01-01 Please, cite this publication as: Scott, B. (2006). The Online Learning Knowledge Garden: A Pedagogic Planning Tool for e-Learning. Proceedings of International Workshop in Learning Networks for Lifelong Competence Development, TENCompetence Conference. March 30th-31st, Sofia, Bulgaria: 20. 76 FR 17736 - Notice of Application for Approval of Discontinuance or Modification of a Railroad Signal System 2011-03-30 ... within Yard Limits, between MP 81.00 and MP 83.2, with the discontinuance and removal of automatic signal 821, at Scott St. (MP 82.03), and automatic signal 831 (MP 83.1) near Orleans St. Electric locks will...-operation and an electric lock will be installed. An electric lock is to be installed on the hand-operated... 1. Essays on habit formation and inflation hedging Zhou, Y. 2014-01-01 The thesis consists of four chapters. Chapter 1 reviews recent contributions on habit formation in the literature and investigates its implications for investors. Chapter 2 revisits the “Floor-Leverage” rule for investors with ratchet consumption preference proposed by Scott and Watson (2011). It 2. 77 FR 59420 - Comment Request for Information Collection; Pell Grants and the Payment of Unemployment Benefits... 2012-09-27 ... Collection; Pell Grants and the Payment of Unemployment Benefits to Individuals in Approved Training... Pell Grants and the payment of unemployment benefits to individuals in approved training. DATES... November 26, 2012. ADDRESSES: Submit written comments to Scott Gibbons, Office of Unemployment Insurance... 3. Early Support of Intracranial Perfusion 2009-10-01 outcomes after traumatic brain injury: A multicenter analysis. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, 84(10), 1441- 1448. Cremer , O. L...Kolesnik Research Assistant 67.5 Sean Jordan Research Assistant 44.5 Sara Wade Research Assistant 90 David Prakash Research Assistant 63.6 Scott Berry 4. 16 CFR 802.4 - Acquisitions of voting securities of issuers or non-corporate interests in unincorporated... 2010-01-01 ..., STATEMENTS AND INTERPRETATIONS UNDER THE HART-SCOTT-RODINO ANTITRUST IMPROVEMENTS ACT OF 1976 EXEMPTION RULES... requirements of the Act pursuant to Section 7A(c) of the Act, this part 802, or pursuant to § 801.21 of this... company. C's assets are a newly constructed, never occupied hotel, including fixtures, furnishings and... 5. 78 FR 42072 - Consumer Advisory Committee 2013-07-15 ... people with disabilities. You can listen to the audio and use a screen reader to read displayed documents..., the public may also follow the meeting on Twitter @fcc or via the Commission's Facebook page at www.facebook.com/fcc . Alternatively, members of the public may send written comments to: Scott Marshall... 6. Telehealth in the Developing World | CRDI - Centre de recherches ... Telehealth in the Developing World. Book cover Telehealth in the Developing World. Directeur(s) : Richard Wootton, Nivritti G. Patil, Richard E. Scott, and Kendall Ho. Maison(s) d'édition : Royal Society of Medicine Press, IDRC. 24 février 2009. ISBN : 9781853157844. 324 pages. e-ISBN : 9781552503966. Téléchargez le ... 7. Strategic Studies Quarterly. Volume 2, Number 2, Summer 2008 2008-06-01 Shamburger, Content Editor Sherry Terrell , Editorial Assistant Steven C. Garst, Director of Art and Pdaction Daniel M. Armstrong, Illustrator Nedra Looney...Ibid. 41 . Ann Scott I son, "US Army Battling to Save Equipment," Washington Post, 5 December 2006. 42. John A. Tirpak, "Warning: USAF is ’Going out 8. Cauchy cluster process 2013-01-01 In this paper we introduce an instance of the well-know Neyman–Scott cluster process model with clusters having a long tail behaviour. In our model the offspring points are distributed around the parent points according to a circular Cauchy distribution. Using a modified Cramér-von Misses test... 9. Fantacy't erinevale maitsele / Sash Uusjärv Uusjärv, Sash 2011-01-01 Arvustus: Westerfeld, Scott. Inetud / inglise keelest tõlkinud Maali Käbin. Tallinn : Varrak, 2011; Flinn, Alex. Koletu / inglise keelest tõlkinud Kret Kaasik. Tallinn : Varrak, 2010 ; Banner, Catherine. Kuninga silmad / inglise keelest tõlkinud Tanel Rõigas. Tallinn : Varrak, 2011 10. Continuous fragment of the mu-calculus Fontaine, G. 2008-01-01 In this paper we investigate the Scott continuous fragment of the modal μ-calculus. We discuss its relation with constructivity, where we call a formula constructive if its least fixpoint is always reached in at most ω steps. Our main result is a syntactic characterization of this continuous 11. Spatial Modeling for Resources Framework (SMRF) Spatial Modeling for Resources Framework (SMRF) was developed by Dr. Scott Havens at the USDA Agricultural Research Service (ARS) in Boise, ID. SMRF was designed to increase the flexibility of taking measured weather data and distributing the point measurements across a watershed. SMRF was developed... 12. Models, Analysis, and Recommendations Pertaining to the Retention of Naval Special Warfare s Mid-Level Officers 2013-12-01 The Analytic Hierarch/Network Process,” in Rev. R. Acad. Cien. Serie A. Mat (RACSAM), submitted by Francisco Javier Giron (Real Academia de Ciencias ...Academia de Ciencias : Spain. Scott, Nathan. Naval Special Warfare Officer Retention Survey. Monterey, CA: NPS Press, September 2013. Whittenberger 13. New Interpretations of Native American Literature: A Survival Technique. Buller, Galen 1980-01-01 Uses examples from the work of several Native American authors, including N. Scott Momaday and Leslie Silko, to discuss five unique elements in American Indian literature: reverence for words, dependence on a sense of place, sense of ritual, affirmation of the need for community, and a significantly different world view. (SB) 14. Momaday, Welch, and Silko: Expressing the Feminine Principle through Male Alienation. Antell, Judith A. 1988-01-01 Examines common themes in three Native American novels by N. Scott Momaday, James Welch, and Leslie Silko: the power of Indian women's femaleness, and reintegration of the alienated male protagonist through ancient rituals that awaken the realization of the feminine principle within himself. (SV) 15. RESEARCH Improving access and quality of care in a TB control ... or treatment. Improving access and quality of care in a. TB control programme. Vera Scott, Virginia Azevedo, Judy Caldwell. Objectives. To use a quality improvement approach to improve access to and quality of tuberculosis (TB) diagnosis and care in. Cape Town. Methods. Five HIV/AIDS/sexually transmitted infections/TB. 16. "Kui tehnoloogiline üleolek" kõlab õõnsalt 2003-01-01 Kaanel nr. 4 2003/nr. 1 2004. Artiklis refereeritakse Ameerika Ühendriikide armee reservkolonel-leitnandi R. Scott Moore'i artiklit "When "technological superiority" rings hollow". Oma kirjutises hoiatab autor liigse usu eest kõrgtehnoloogiasse ja rõhutab, et tehnoloogia aitab võita lahinguid, kuid mitte sõdu 17. "Armastuse retsepti" tippkokk Zeta Jones ei oska muna keeta / Triin Tael Tael, Triin 2007-01-01 Scott Hicksi romantiline komöödiafilm "Armastuse retsept" ("No Reservations"), mille peaosas Walesist pärit näitlejanna Catherine Zeta Jones. Näitlejanna muljeid oma rolliks ettevalmistustest, mille hulka käis ka praktika pärisrestoranis 18. 78 FR 27939 - Draft Interagency Risk Assessment-Listeria monocytogenes 2013-05-13 ... Listeria (L.) monocytogenes contamination of certain ready-to-eat (RTE) foods, for example cheese, deli... Scott, V.N., Survey of Listeria monocytogenes in ready-to-eat foods. Journal of Food Protection, 2003... monocytogenes in ready-to-eat processed meat and poultry collected in four FoodNet states in International... 19. Role of Endogenous Peptides and Enzymes in the Pathogenesis of ... 1. Michael LS. Relationship between pancreatitis and lung diseases. Respiration Physiology 2001; 128(1): 13–. 16. 2. Scott FG, Yang J, Kathryn B, Krista H, Heather CPK. Epling-Burnette, Yanhua P, James N, Michel MM. Acute Pancreatitis Induces FasL Gene Expression and Apoptosis in the Liver. J Surg Res 2004; 122(2):. 20. Practical breeding of cottonwood in the north-central region Carl A. Mohn 1973-01-01 More than 20 years ago Scott Pauley (1949) designated the genus Populus as the "guinea pig of forest-tree breeding. This designation is still appropriate as evidenced by the steady, almost overwhelming, stream of publications related to the genetics and breeding of poplars. A good indication of the scope and depth of genetic work with poplars... 1. Multiple model mimicry and feeding behavior of the spider web-inhabiting damsel bug, Arachnocoris berytoides Uhler (Hemiptera: Nabidae), from Puerto Rico Javier E. Mercado; Jorge A. Santiago-Blay 2015-01-01 The Neotropical genus, Arachnocoris Scott groups thirteen species of specialized spider web-inhabiting damsel bugs (Nabidae) distributed from Panama to Brazil and the West Indies. We present new information on the web behavior of A. berytoides Uhler from Puerto Rico. Three different life stages were observed on the spider webs, suggesting this species likely depends on... 2. Employee turnover: measuring the malady. O'Connor, Stephen 2002-01-01 One measure of an organization's value to its employees is turnover. But how do you know if your employees are wondering if the grass is greener elsewhere? Scott Badler in his book What's So Funny about Looking for a Job? suggests a quick quiz to find out. 3. What Work of Literature Do You Recommend for Its Use of a Strong Oral Tradition? Adams, Cindy S.; Lujan, Alfredo Celedon; Schulze, Patricia 2003-01-01 Presents three teachers' recommendations for works of literature that use a strong oral tradition. Discusses each of the teacher selections: "Harry Potter and the Sorcerer's Stone (J.K. Rowling); "Cuentos: Tales from the Hispanic Southwest" (compiled by Juan B. Rael); and "The Way to Rainy Mountain" (N. Scott Momaday). (SG) 4. Commentary on "Childhood Leukemia Survivors and Their Return to School: A Literature Review, Case Study, and Recommendations" Long, Lori A. 2011-01-01 This is a commentary on the article, "Childhood Leukemia Survivors and Their Return to School: A Literature Review, Case Study, and Recommendations" by D. Scott Hermann, Jill R. Thurber, Kenneth Miles, and Gloria Gilbert in this issue (2011). This article addresses issues related to the compatibility of the suggested practices with contemporary… 5. 03 Wessels 03.pmd Tienie01 12 Jun 2006 ... benadering definieer. Maria Edgeworth (1767-1849) het byvoorbeeld na 'n realistiese uitbeelding van haar samelewing gestreef en word as 'n belangrike invloed op beide Sir Walter Scott se historiese werke en Jane Austen se sosiale romans beskou. (Albei skrywers het haar bewonder en. 03 Wessels 03. 6. ENGLISH, JUNIOR YEAR, SECOND SEMESTER. HIGH SCHOOL TELEVISION SERIES, SEMINAR--63. GANCZEWSKI, JOAN D. NINETY TELECAST OUTLINES ARE INCLUDED. THE CLASS WAS BROADCASTED FIVE MORNINGS A WEEK FOR 18 WEEKS. THE TELECAST BEGAN WITH THE ROMANTIC PERIOD, INCLUDING ROBERT BURNS, ROBERT LOUIS STEVENSON, THE LAKE POETS, SIR WALTER SCOTT, LAMB, HAZLITT, LORD BYRON, P.B. SHELLEY, JOHN KEATS, AND JANE AUSTEN. LESSONS ON GRAMMAR, SPELLING, AND THE FIRST… 7. What's So Important about Music Education? Routledge Research in Education Goble, J. Scott 2012-01-01 "What's So Important About Music Education?" addresses the history of rationales provided for music education in the United States. J. Scott Goble explains how certain factors stemming from the nation's constitutional separation of church and state, its embrace of democracy and capitalism, and the rise of recording, broadcast, and computer… 8. Generation of Department of Defense Architecture Framework (DODAF) Models Using the Monterey Phoenix Behavior Modeling Approach 2015-09-01 63 Figure 30. Order processing state diagram (after Fowler and Scott 1997). ......................64 x Figure 32. Four of...events, precedence and inclusion. Figure 30 shows an OV-6b for order processing states. 64 Figure 30. Order processing state diagram (after Fowler... Order Processing State Transition Starts at checking order Ends at order delivered 9. 75 FR 63450 - Wilkesboro Hydroelectric Company; Notice of Application Ready for Environmental Analysis and... 2010-10-15 ... Hydroelectric Company; Notice of Application Ready for Environmental Analysis and Soliciting Comments... hydroelectric application has been filed with the Commission and is available for public inspection. a. Type of.... Applicant: Wilkesboro Hydroelectric Company. e. Name of Project: W. Kerr Scott Hydropower Project. f... 10. 75 FR 35020 - Wilkesboro Hydroelectric Company, LLC; Notice Soliciting Scoping Comments 2010-06-21 ... Hydroelectric Company, LLC; Notice Soliciting Scoping Comments June 15, 2010 Take notice that the following hydroelectric application has been filed with the Commission and is available for public inspection. a. Type of.... Applicant: Wilkesboro Hydroelectric Company, LLC. e. Name of Project: W. Kerr Scott Hydropower Project. f... 11. Crisis at the HBCU Daniel, James Rushing 2016-01-01 Scholarship in composition and rhetoric has certainly addressed issues of African American economic inequality (Gilyard) and institutional austerity (Welch and Scott), yet the field has failed to address how both are united in the site of the contemporary HBCU. In particular, composition scholars have not explored how the shifts of the new economy… 12. Three dimensional marine seismic survey has no measurable effect on species richness or abundance of a coral reef associated fish community Miller, Ian; Cripps, Edward 2013-01-01 Highlights: • A marine seismic survey was conducted at Scott Reef, North Western Australia. • Effects of the survey on demersal fish were gauged using underwater visual census. • There was no detectable impact of the seismic survey on species abundance. • There was no detectable impact of the seismic survey on species richness. -- Abstract: Underwater visual census was used to determine the effect of a three dimensional seismic survey on the shallow water coral reef slope associated fish community at Scott Reef. A census of the fish community was conducted on six locations at Scott Reef both before and after the survey. The census included small site attached demersal species belonging to the family Pomacentridae and larger roving demersal species belonging to the non-Pomacentridae families. These data were combined with a decade of historical data to assess the impact of the seismic survey. Taking into account spatial, temporal, spatio-temporal and observer variability, modelling showed no significant effect of the seismic survey on the overall abundance or species richness of Pomacentridae or non-Pomacentridae. The six most abundant species were also analysed individually. In all cases no detectable effect of the seismic survey was found on the abundance of these fish species at Scott Reef 13. Hydrodynamic Forces on Composite Structures 2014-06-01 NAVAL POSTGRADUATE SCHOOL MONTEREY, CALIFORNIA THESIS Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited HYDRODYNAMIC ...Thesis 4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE HYDRODYNAMIC FORCES ON COMPOSITE STRUCTURES 5. FUNDING NUMBERS 6. AUTHOR(S) Scott C. Millhouse 7. PERFORMING...angles yields different free surface effects including vortices and the onset of cavitation . 14. SUBJECT TERMS Fluid structure interaction, FSI, finite 14. Uncertainties in the North Korean Nuclear Threat 2010-01-01 Bermudez, Joseph S., “The Democratic People’s Republic of Korea and Unconventional Weapons,” in Peter R. Lavoy, Scott D. Sagan , and James J. Wirtz, eds...Korea Has ‘Weaponized’ Plutonium,” Associated Press, January 17, 2009. Robbins, Carla Anne, and Gordon Fairclough, “North Korea Sparks Proliferation 15. Pakistan’s Nuclear Future: Reining in the Risk 2009-12-01 contribute to the fog of war, which is further thickened by other conditions, as elucidated by Carl von Clausewitz in On War. Second, during peacetime...Emerging Power, Washington, DC: Brookings Institution Press, 2001, pp. 204, 209- 211. 16. Scott D. Sagan and Kenneth N. Waltz, The Spread of Nuclear 16. Strategic Studies Quarterly. Volume 5, Number 2, Summer 2011 2011-01-01 September 1990): 737–38. 23. Kenneth N. Waltz, “More May Be Better,” in The Spread of Nuclear Weapons, eds. Scott D. Sagan and Kenneth N. Waltz (New...See Carl von Clausewitz, On War, ed. and trans. Michael Howard and Peter Paret (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1976), 141. We encourage 17. Nuclear Deterrence in the 21st Century 2008-03-25 Freedman, Makers of Modern Strategy from Machiavelli to the Nuclear Age (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1986), 735. 4 Carl von Clausewitz, On...26 Scott D. Sagan , "How to Keep the Bomb from Iran," Foreign Affairs 85, (September/October 2006): 45 27 Matthew Bunn, "Bombs We Can Stop 18. Confronting Emergent Nuclear-Armed Regional Adversaries: Prospects for Neutralization, Strategies for Escalation Management 2015-01-01 states vulnerable to 6 Scott D. Sagan , “The Perils of Proliferation: Organization Theory...substantially less than those of the opponent’s. As Prussian military theorist Carl von Clausewitz so famously asserted, “The political object—the...powers or that the United States could not manage 6 Carl von Clausewitz, On War, edited and translated 19. Taking the Lead: Russia, the United States, and Nuclear Nonproliferation after Bush 2008-12-01 2002), especially chap. 5; Henry D. Sokolski, ed., Pakistan’s Nuclear Future: Worries beyond War ( Carl - isle: SSI, January 2008); Henry Sokolski and...Two sides of this issue are argued in Scott D. Sagan and Kenneth N. Waltz, The Spread of Nuclear Weapons: A Debate (New York: W. W. Norton, 995 20. Proceedings of the United States Air Force STINFO Officers Policy Conference - 1981, 1982-08-01 breakthrough might sound the death knell for the STI community. A new information community would fill the vacuum, they contended. The study was completed a...OH 45433 Knudtson, Gail AFWAL/TST Horseman , Hazel WPAFB OH 45433 AFWAL/TST WPAFB OH 45433 Kowalsky, Tom HQ MAC/XPSR Huff, Frank Scott AFB IL 62225 1. Von Hippel-Lindau Disease: A Rare Familiar Multi-System Disorder and the Impact of the Clinical Nurse Specialist 1993-01-01 hemodialysis has been reported by Fetner, Barilla , Scott, Ballard, and Peters (1976). They have proposed renal transplantation if their patient survives five...Urology, 18, 599-600. Feldstein, M., & Rait, D. (1992). Family assessment in an oncology setting. Cancer Nursing, 15(3), 161-172. Fetner, C., Barilla , D 2. "A Really Nice Spot": Evaluating Place, Space, and Technology in Academic Libraries Khoo, Michael J.; Rozaklis, Lily; Hall, Catherine; Kusunoki, Diana 2016-01-01 This article describes a qualitative mixed-method study of students' perceptions of place and space in an academic library. The approach is informed by Scott Bennett's model of library design, which posits a shift from a "book-centered" to a technology supported "learning centered" paradigm of library space. Two surveys… 3. ACUTE AND CHRONIC TOXICITY OF BREVETOXIN TO OYSTERS AND GRASS SHRIMP Walker, Calvin C., James T. Winstead, Steven S. Foss, Janis C. Kurtz, James Watts, Jeanne E. Scott and William S. Fisher. In press. Acute and Chronic Toxicity of Brevetoxin to Oysters and Grass Shrimp (Abstract). To be presented at the SETAC Fourth World Congress, 14-18 November ... 4. Dominant Taylor Spectrum and Invariant Subspaces 2009-01-01 Roč. 61, č. 1 (2009), s. 101-111 ISSN 0379-4024 R&D Projects: GA ČR(CZ) GA201/06/0128 Institutional research plan: CEZ:AV0Z10190503 Keywords : Taylor spectrum * Scott-Brown technique * dominant spectrum Subject RIV: BA - General Mathematics Impact factor: 0.580, year: 2009 Fotou, N.; Abrahams, I. 2016-11-01 In a recent letter to the editor (2016 Phys. Educ. 51 066503), Schumayer and Scott raised concerns about one of the novel situations presented in our article titled 'Students’ analogical reasoning in novel situations: theory-like misconceptions or p-prims?' (2016 Phys. Educ. 51 044003). We greatly appreciate their interest in our study and in this reply we address the concerns raised. 6. School Choice Outcomes in Post-Katrina New Orleans Zimmerman, Jill M.; Vaughan, Debra Y. 2013-01-01 Today, over 80% of public school students in New Orleans attend charter schools, and just 37% of students attend school in their neighborhood (Louisiana Department of Education, 2011; Scott S. Cowen Institute for Public Education Initiatives, 2011). This study examines school choice participation and outcomes in New Orleans by analyzing the extent… 7. Department of the Interior ... 1 day 6 hours RT @USFWS : When you recycle (and reduce) you’re making a difference. https:// ... 9 hours The good life: Stunning views & rich history @ScottsBluffNPS in #Nebraska ! https://t.co/GWyxgAePun US ... 8. Divided dreamworlds? The cultural cold war in East and West Romijn, P.; Scott-Smith, G.; Segal, J. 2012-01-01 While the divide between capitalism and communism, embodied in the image of the Iron Curtain, seemed to be as wide and definitive as any cultural rift, Giles Scott-Smith, Joes Segal, and Peter Romijn have compiled a selection of essays on how culture contributed to the blurring of ideological 9. Hoe veranderen we de wereld? Of: Zandkastelen bouwen in de regen Douglas, Scott|info:eu-repo/dai/nl/370529529 2013-01-01 Bundel met essays van Alain Badiou, Margaret Atwood, John Gray, Rory Stewart, Parag Khanna, Evgeny Morozov, Rory Sutherland, Agnes Heller, Roger Scruton, Daniel Pick en de winnaar van de Nexus Connect-essaywedstrijd, Scott Douglas. Het mandaat om de wereld te veranderen moet worden teruggegeven aan 10. Community-Based Prevalence Profile of Arboviral, Rickettsial, and Hantaan-Like Viral Antibody in the Nile River Delta of Egypt 1993-01-01 presentation. Susan Hibbsfor assisting in the preparation of the data for presen- cates that the antibody response is strengthened tation. Dr. Atef Soliman...virus: a newly 630-633. recognized arthropod transmitted virus. AIntJ 3. Scott RM. Feinsod FNM, Allam IH. Ksiazek TG. Trop Med H * g 4: 844-862. Peters 11. Sustained Change: Institutionalizing Interdisciplinary Graduate Education Borrego, Maura; Boden, Daniel; Newswander, Lynita K. 2014-01-01 We employ Scott's three pillars of institutions (regulative, normative, and cultural-cognitive) to investigate how higher education organizations change to support interdisciplinary graduate education. Using document analysis and case study approaches, we illustrate how strategies which address both policies and cultural norms are most… 12. The Advantages of Lateral Tarsal Strip Procedure E-mail: altieri.ferraris@tin.it. REFERENCES. 1. Olver JM, Barnes JA. Effective small-incision surgery for involutional lower eyelid entropion. Ophthalmology 2000;107:1982-8. 2. Wright M, Bell D, Scott C, Leatherbarrow B. Everting sutures correction of lower lid involutional entropion. Br J Ophthalmol. 1999;83:1060-3. 13. Shallow-water and not deep-sea as most plausible origin for cave-dwelling Paramisophria species (Copepoda: Calanoida: Arietellidae), with description of three new species from Mediterranean bathyal hyperbenthos and littoral caves Jaume, Damià; Cartes, Joan E.; Boxshall, Geoffrey A. 2000-01-01 Japan (Tanaka, 1967; Ohtsuka, 1985; Ohtsuka & Mitsuzumi, 1990; Ohtsuka et al., 1991), Australia (McKinnon & Kimmerer, 1985), and New Zealand (Othman & Greenwood, 1992). Records of species far from their ordinary ranges, such as those of Paramisophria cluthae T. Scott, 1897 from the Mediterranean 14. Browse Title Index Items 51 - 100 of 255 ... J Eksteen, MJ Basson. Vol 6, No 1 (2014), Do physiotherapy students perceive that they are adequately prepared to enter clinical practice? An empirical study, Abstract PDF. H Talberg, D Scott. Vol 6, No 2 (2014), Does a problem-based learning approach benefit students as they enter their clinical ... 15. A theoretical study of porphyrin isomers and their core-modified ... Unknown Harmjanz M, Gill H S and Scott M J 2000 J. Am. Chem. Soc. 122 10476; Anzenbacher P Jr, Jursikova. K and Sessler J L 2000 J. Am. Chem. Soc. 122 9350;. Gisselbrecht J P, Gross M, Vogel E and Sessler J L. 2000 Inorg. Chem. 39 2850; Anand V G, Pushpan S. K, Venkatraman S, Narayanan S J, Dey A,. Chandrashekar ... 16. The influence of dietary energy concentration and feed intake level ... for carcass gain (MJ ME/ g) improved with an increase in the C: R ratio. Steers fed sub-ad libitum feeding ... energie-inname vir karkastoename (MJ ME/ g) het verbeter met 'n toename in die K: R-verhouding. Doeltreffendheid van osse op die ... fic carbon sources on lipogenesis (Prior & Scott, 1980) have also been reported. 17. Coronal Mass Ejections of Solar Cycle 23 Nat Gopalswamy Hanssen 1995)), slow-drifting radio bursts (Payne-Scott et al. 1947), and moving type. IV radio bursts (Boischot 1957). There were also other indications ..... ASA, 2, 57. Hirshberg, J., Bame, S. J., Robbins, D. E. 1972, Solar Phys., 23, 467. Howard, R. A., Michels, D. J., Sheeley, N. R. Jr., Koomen, M. J. 1982, ApJ, 263, L101. 18. Influence des herbicides sur les principaux paramètres ... SARAH 28 févr. 2015 ... New Physiologist, 165: 227-241. Shearman V. J., Sylvester-Bradley R., Scott R. K. and. Foulkes M. J. 2005. Physiological processes associated with wheat yield progress in the. UK. Crop Science, 45: 175-185. Sinclair T.R. and Jamieson P. D. 2006. Grain number, wheat yield, and bottling beer: An analysis,. 19. African Journal of Biomedical Research - Vol 14, No 1 (2011) In-Vitro Susceptibility of Mycobacterium Tuberculosis to Extracts of Uvaria Afzelli Scott Elliot and Tetracera Alnifolia Willd · EMAIL FREE FULL TEXT EMAIL FREE FULL TEXT DOWNLOAD FULL TEXT DOWNLOAD FULL TEXT. TO Lawal, BA Adeniyi, B Wan, SG Franzblau, GB Mahady, 17-21 ... 20. Novel genic microsatellite markers from Cajanus scarabaeoides and ... number of plant species, such as grape (Scott et al. 2000), sugarcane (Cordeiro et al. 2001), and cereals such as wheat, barley, rye and rice (Varshney et al. ..... Burns M. J., Edwards K. J., Newburg H. J., Ford Loyd B. V. and Baggott C. D. 2001 Development of simple sequence repeat. (SSR) markers for the assessment of ...

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https://gasstationwithoutpumps.wordpress.com/tag/scope-probes/

# Gas station without pumps ## 2015 June 5 ### Last day of class for Spring 2015 Filed under: Circuits course,Data acquisition — gasstationwithoutpumps @ 23:31 Tags: , , , , , Today was the last day of class, and I covered almost exactly what I proposed in last night’s blog post: one-transistor amplifiers, a review of the goals of the course, and getting suggestions for improvements for next year. I briefly gave them an intro to NPN transistors (reinforcing the previous mention in the phototransistor lab), telling them that the collector current was basically β times the base-to-emitter current, and that the base-to-emitter junction was a diode.  The diode means that no current flows until the base-to-emitter voltage is at least 0.65V and that thereafter the current grows roughly with the square of the voltage above the threshold. The first circuit I gave them was a common-emitter circuit with emitter degeneration: Common emitter with emitter degeneration, which has gain of approximately –Rc/Re I built the circuit outward from the transistor, first adding the two resistors for the base bias, to make sure that the base voltage was high enough to turn on the transistor, then the DC-blocking capacitor to remove whatever DC bias the input already has. I did not take the time to tell them that the RC time constant is $(R_{1}||R_{2}) C_{1}$. I then asserted that $V_{E} \approx V_{b} - 0.65V$ and that $I_{c} \approx I_{e}$ (because β is large, so $I_{be}$ is a small fraction of the current).  But $V_{out} = V_{cc} - I_{c} R_{c} \approx V_{cc} - I_{e}R_{c}= V_{cc} - (V_{e}/ R_{e} )R_{c}$.  That means that the gain is $\frac{d V_{out}}{d V_{in}} \approx - R_{c}/R_{e}$.  I said that this design was good for providing high voltage gain, but was not good for providing high current (because $R_{c}$ is large).  I did not give them all the constraints on the components and signal levels needed to make sure that the amplifier works correctly. I also gave them a common collector circuit: This common collector circuit is good for high current gain, particularly if Rc is the load that current needs to be delivered to. I gave the example of a loudspeaker as the load. The common-collector circuit is even easier to analyze: the emitter voltage follows the base voltage, but about 0.65v lower (hence the common name “emitter-follower” for this circuit), and the current is increased by up to about β. I explained the difference between class-A, class-B, and class-C amplifiers by giving the clipping one would get on the common-collector amplifier as the DC bias of Vin got lower.  I pointed out that the class A amplifiers were always passing a wasted DC current, but that class-C were very efficient, being on for only a tiny part of the time.  I said that class C amplifiers were mainly used with LC tanks, and gave the analogy of a pendulum that you only gave a little tap at the end of each swing, to keep it swinging back and forth. I then switched over to the review of the goals: • Students passing BME 101L will be able to design simple amplifiers and RC filters for a variety of sensor-interfacing applications. • Students passing BME 101L will be able to find and read data sheets for a number of analog electronics parts. • Students passing BME 101L will be able to measure signals with multimeters, oscilloscopes, and data-acquisition devices,  plot the data, and fit non-linear models to the data. • Students passing BME 101L will be able to write coherent design reports for electronics designs with block diagrams, schematics, and descriptions of design choices made. Students were in agreement that these goals were mostly met, though they still felt a bit shaky on fitting non-linear models and were aware that there was a lot on the data sheets that they still didn’t understand. I confessed to them that I can’t read everything on most analog data sheets, but that the goal here was to get them to understand the basics of the data sheets (just some of the key parameters).  They felt that they’d gotten at least that far.  I will look into beefing up the presentations in the book and in class on fitting non-linear models, but I think they’re right that many of them have not really mastered that (though some are doing fairly well at it). I didn’t really ask them about their writing skills (an oversight on my part, not a deliberate omission). Many of them have improved their writing, though the average level is still not as high as I’d like to see. I also checked on some of my subsidiary goals: • to turn a few of the students into electronics hobbyists, • to encourage a few to declare the bioelectronics concentration of bioengineering, and • to teach some tool-using, maker skills (calipers, micrometer, soldering iron, …). Somewhat surprisingly (and gratifyingly) about a third of the class now wanted to do electronics as a hobby—a topic they had mostly dreaded coming into the class. Only one was planning to the bioelectronics concentration, but a few said that if they were sophomores instead of seniors, they would have chosen bioelectronics. All felt that they had picked up a number of tool-using skills. Because there were a fair number interested in becoming hobbyists, I shared a number of company names that might be good for them to know about, giving a little information about each: Digikey, Mouser, Jameco, Sparkfun, Adafruit Industries, Itead Studio, Seeedstudio, Smart Prototyping, Elecrow, OSH Park, Pololu, Solarbotics, Santa Cruz Electronics, and Frys.  I forgot to mention Idea Fab Labs. So on the matter of goals (major and minor), I think that the class was fairly successful, but there are still improvements to be made,  and I asked the class for suggestions. Here are a few of the main ones: • oscilloscope training. The students did not feel that there was a usable tutorial or reference they could turn to on how to use the oscilloscope (and the Tektronix TDS3054 has pretty confusing controls).  I agree with them on this, and promised to write some material for the book to serve as a tutorial on using oscilloscopes. • the sampling and aliasing lab in the first week didn’t mean much to most of them. Again, I agree, and I originally had that lab later in the quarter, after the students had done some work with time-varying signals. I had some difficulty packing all the labs into 10 weeks and having a report due each Friday—I didn’t want to split any 2-part labs over the weekend.  I’ll look into trying a rearrangement of the labs, but I’m not sure how to accomplish that.  Something to think about over the summer. It might be a good idea to talk about aliasing in some of the places where clipping is discussed, though they are rather different phenomena, sharing only the idea that the output data is not really what the input is about. • students still felt uncertain of their ability to fit functions (like the power-law fit I asked for in one lab, but never gave them an example of).  I probably need to have some more worked examples in the book, and perhaps some exercises that are in prelabs rather than just in the final design reports. • students did not identify any parts or tools that should be removed from the kits, but one suggested that tweezers be added (a good idea, though a finer tip pair of needle-nose pliers might be a better solution). Several felt that fume extractors should be added to the lab—I’ll talk to the lab staff about that for next year. I also asked students about my idea of removing the soldering of the instrumentation amp board and soldering an audio premap board as well, so that the power amp lab could go faster (and that we could have them test single-transistor class A amplifiers before building the class D amplifier). The students were a bit dubious about this idea, but I think I might try it next year anyway. Students were more enthusiastic about the idea of my writing variants of each lab to perform at home, without the expensive equipment of the lab.  I’ll try to do that this summer, maybe writing up three versions of some labs: one using only the KL25Z board and a cheap (\$10) multimeter, one using those plus a USB oscilloscope (like my Bitscope oscilloscope), and one using the suite of expensive equipment in the lab.  I think that some of the labs will be very challenging with cheap equipment and others will be straightforward. The loss of the good oscilloscope will probably be most limiting, though with a decent laptop the PteroDAQ data acquisition software can run with a sampling rate of 600Hz for a single channel (the limitation seems to be the program on the laptop keeping up with the USB input so as not to lose a byte and get out of sync).  The old Windows boxes in the lab start dropping bytes even at a 100Hz sampling frequency, but I can go up to 600Hz (but not 650Hz) for a single channel on my MacBook Pro. A newer laptop could probably keep up with a 1kHz sampling rate.  We can do a lot even with the low sampling rate, but it is nice to see somewhat faster signals (like the rise and fall times of the FETs in the power amp lab). A USB oscilloscope like the Bitscope B10 should be enough for just about all the labs in the course, though I will have to look into how well it does with looking at the rise and fall of the FET gates and drains (without slowing down the waveforms: see Last power-amp lecture for  Bitscope recording of slowed-down transitions and Power amps working for Tektronix images of full-speed transitions). (I did a cursory check tonight, and it looks like even with subsampling it is difficult to get a good view of the gate signal with the Miller plateaus with the Bitscope unless I slow the transitions down.) My old Fluke 8060A multimeter seems to have died this spring, so I’ll see how much I can do with super cheap hardware-store multimeters.  I think that the impedance characterization of the loudspeaker and electrodes will be the hardest to deal with, but some careful attention to the input impedance of the voltmeter may make even those labs feasible. I’ll probably have to limit the frequency range and use two cheap meters (which I have, and my son has yet another cheap multimeter that I could borrow this summer). I did mention to the students my idea (borrowed from UCSB) of having students buy their own oscilloscope and voltmeter probes, rather than having to contend with locked down probes that can’t reach the bench or probes broken or stolen by other students. They were lukewarm to the idea—neither endorsing nor embracing it. They’d probably like a cheaper solution, but I don’t know of one as long as EE lets their students into the labs unsupervised (something else I’m trying to get changed, as the EE students do not seem to be willing to follow even simple safety rules, like not bringing open cups of tea and coffee into the lab). ## 2012 June 22 ### Oscilloscope practice lab My thermistors and op amps were shipped yesterday morning, but did not come in today’s mail.  I hope to get them tomorrow. In the meantime, I’ve had a good conversation with Mylène in the comments on my previous posts.  She had some suggestions which are probably worth following up on: • Do a stethoscope project for one of the labs, which would require simple audio amplification. • Start student familiarization with the test equipment by having them use the multimeters to measure other multimeters.  What is the resistance of a multimeter that is measuring voltage?  of one that is measuring current? what current or voltage is used for the resistance measurement? • Start oscilloscope familiarity by looking at the output of power supplies. What ripple can you see on the voltage output of a benchtop supply? of a cheap wall wart?  This requires the students to learn the difference between DC and AC input coupling for oscilloscopes. • On the first day that students are using oscilloscopes, have them try looking at the output of a microphone.  Most already have some idea about what sound should look like as a time-varying signal, and it is fun for them to play with different sounds (singing vowels, clapping, playing music or test tones from their phones, … ). Since my thermistors weren’t here, but I did have an electret microphone that I bought some time ago, I decided to try the oscilloscope labs. The first thing I had to do was to adjust the scope probes to match the input impedance of the scope, using the square-wave calibration output.  I seem to need to do this every time I use the scope, even though I never change the leads. Perhaps I’m just impatient and don’t give the scope enough time to warm up, since I sometimes have to readjust the scope probes after using the scope for a while.  I assume that Steve has a handout on how to adjust the scope probes and why it is needed.  If not, we need to either find a good tutorial for the students on the web, or write one. The first thing I should have done after adjusting the scope probes was to look at the wall wart output using AC coupling on the scope, to see how much ripple there is.  In fact, I did not do this until much later. Ripple on the wall wart power supply with no load. The vertical scale is 20mv/division, so the ripple is about 40mV peak-to-peak. If I filter the power supply with a simple RC low-pass filter (33kΩ and 470µF, for a 15.5 second time constant), the 100Hz ripple goes away (and it does seem to be 100Hz, not 60Hz—the trace is not steady if I use the 60Hz “line” trigger instead of the internal trigger). Even after filtering, I’m still left with some high-frequency noise, decaying 23MHz bursts that seem to be somewhat irregularly spaced (I can’t seem to get a steady enough trigger to capture a second burst in a stable position, but they seem to be over 10µsec apart).  I assume that this is some sort of ringing in the input of the scope, as it is present even with the wall wart unplugged, and with the scope probe not connected to it. It gets bigger if I put a long loop of wire between the scope probe and the scope ground, but adding bypass capacitors seems to have little effect.   This signal is about 7mV peak-to-peak with the scope probe on the breadboard at the output of the RC circuit with or without the wall wart plugged into AC power.  Disconnecting the wall wart using the DC barrel plug reduced this high-frequency noise to about 2mV peak-to-peak, so I suspect that the wires connected to the scope probe make a difference.   The noise happens on both channels and seems to be the same on both. The back of the electret mic. It looks just like the drawings of the CUI Inc part number CMA-4544PF-W, which is the cheapest microphone at DigiKey, so I assumed that it was that part. I had bought the electret microphone without any spec sheet, and it is completely unlabeled. To figure out how to use it I had to guess and do a little web searching. I don’t remember where I got it (not DigiKey, since I don’t have their inventory label for it), so I pretended it was the cheapest mic from Digikey, the CUI Inc CMA-4544PF-W. While I was writing up this post, I remembered that I probably bought it from Sparkfun, as their electret microphone. But they give the spec sheet for the Knowles Acoustic MD9745APZ-F, which has very similar specs. But the pictures on the Sparkfun website and in the Knowles data sheet don’t match as well as the pictures in the CUI data sheet, so I think I have a CUI microphone, though not necessarily the one whose data sheet I used. Circuit copied from the CUI CMA-4544PF-W datasheet. I used a 4.7kΩ resistor for the load, though the datasheet suggests 2.2kΩ—I didn’t have a 2.2kΩ resistor handy. I also used 0.56µF capacitor instead of a 1µF capacitor—again, using what I had on hand. An electret microphone does not produce any electricity—you need to power it from a power supply using a series resistor.  The circuits shown in data sheets are all fairly similar. With this circuit I had no trouble getting a good signal from the mic. My first attempts had just connected the wall wart power supply directly to +VS, but that produced a fairly large ripple signal (which lead me to look at the wall wart ripple directly with the scope).  Adding an RC filter with a fairly large resistor and capacitor (33kΩ and 470µF, for a 15.5 second time constant) cleaned up the power supply and no ripple was visible in the output.  The output of the electret microphone varied depending on how loud a sound was produced, but easily got 60mV peak-to-peak for a vowel sound and 150mV peak-to-peak for clapping. A trace of rough vowel sound. One interesting thing I observed is that I can get quite a large pulse just by moving my hand toward and away from the microphone, with pulses about 100msec wide. So it looks like the mic can go down to 10Hz, and possibly lower. We would need an amplifier to use this as a stethoscope. Crude attempts (pressing the mic against my chest) were not very promising. I did not see any signal that seemed correlated with my heartbeat.

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https://languagegardenblog.wordpress.com/tag/latex/

## Mayan is doable in Latex Typesetting Glyphs In Mayan Mayan is doable, in Latex, using MayaPS. Because Postscript is doing the glyph layout algorithm based on DVI output and bitmap fonts, the compilation sequence is multi-step: • latex filename (produces dvi file) • dvips filename (produces ps file) • pkfix filename.ps filenameo.ps (converts bitmap fonts) • ps2pdf filenameo (produces pdf file). Example tex code: \documentclass{article} \input mayaps \input mpfmap \input red89 \begin{document} \section{Mayan} \mayaFont\codex=codex \mayaFont\th=thompson \mayaFont\ga=gates %\mayaGlyphInLineC \maya{213} + \maya{219} = \maya{213:219} \maya{545} + \maya{546} = \maya{545:546} \maya{023:023:415.130:176} \maya{|(1A.[r]123):T1} \mayaRGB{0 0 0.8}c \mayaRGB{0.9 0.6 0}{orange} \maya{451.452orange 026.(314/314)c (570/014‘r.267.024)c} \maya{T520} \th \maya{T520} \maya{T520} \codex \maya{T520} gates { \ga \maya{T520} \maya{T520} } \maya{T520} \maya{(023.153.023):220} codex { \codex \maya{T520} \maya{T520} } \maya{T520} \maya{(023.153.023):220} thompson { \th \maya{T520} \maya{T520} } \maya{T520} \maya{(023.153.023):220} \par \noindent\mayaC{ % \mayaC = glyphs with captions 451.452 026.314/(314) 111.274 047.276/010 913 810 451.452 026.314/(314) 570/014.267.024 111.+176/111 913 810 451.452 026.314/(314) 245.234 026.172/0 23 913 810} \mayaGlyph{422.422} \par xxx \codex \mayaGlyph{900r} \maya{072:107} versus \maya{072.107} \end{document} The writers of the package expect less than 100 users worldwide. I’m perhaps more optimistic. ## Ugaritic Typing characters that are not on the standard keyboard can be done if you are willing and able to: (a) create your own custom keyboard layouts; or (b) wait for someone else to (for a fee) upgrade and enhance their word processor program to cater for the new characters; or (c) use Latex (in particular, xelatex) and define your own mnemonic macros and then use them in your essay/report/thesis/paper. e.g., \newcommand\ualpa{𐎀} \newcommand\ubeta{𐎁} \newcommand\ugamla{𐎂} And macros within macros, to your heart’s content. *** Here’s an example tex document, showing how the image snippet at the start was created. (You’ll need Noto Sans Ugaritic font, or similar, to display the Ugaritic characters – they are in Unicode). \documentclass[12pt]{article} \usepackage{fontspec} \setmainfont{Cambria} \usepackage{xcolor} \newcommand\ugafonta{Aegean} \newcommand\ugafontb{Andagii} \newcommand\ugafontc{Code2003} \newcommand\ugafontd{FreeSans} \newcommand\ugafonte{K1FS} \newcommand\ugafontf{MPH 2B Damase} \newcommand\ugafontg{Noto Sans Ugaritic} \newcommand\ugafonth{Quivira.otf} \newfontface{\uga}{\ugafonta} \newfontface{\ugb}{\ugafontb} \newfontface{\ugc}{\ugafontc} \newfontface{\ugd}{\ugafontd} \newfontface{\uge}{\ugafonte} \newfontface{\ugf}{\ugafontf} \newfontface{\ugg}{\ugafontg} \newfontface{\ugh}{\ugafonth} %===================================== \newcommand\uwscolour{red} \newcommand\ualpa{𐎀} \newcommand\ubeta{𐎁} \newcommand\ugamla{𐎂} \newcommand\ukha{𐎃} \newcommand\udelta{𐎄} \newcommand\uho{𐎅} \newcommand\uwo{𐎆} \newcommand\uzeta{𐎇} \newcommand\uhota{𐎈} \newcommand\utet{𐎉} \newcommand\uyod{𐎊} \newcommand\ukaf{𐎋} \newcommand\ushin{𐎌} \newcommand\ulamda{𐎍} \newcommand\umem{𐎎} \newcommand\udhal{𐎏} \newcommand\unun{𐎐} \newcommand\uzu{𐎑} \newcommand\usamka{𐎒} \newcommand\uain{𐎓} \newcommand\upu{𐎔} \newcommand\uqopa{𐎖} \newcommand\urasha{𐎗} \newcommand\uthanna{𐎘} \newcommand\ughain{𐎙} \newcommand\uto{𐎚} \newcommand\ui{𐎛} \newcommand\uu{𐎜} \newcommand\ussu{𐎝} %\newcommand\uws{𐎟} \newcommand\uws{{\color{\uwscolour}{𐎟}}} \newcommand\utextsize{\huge} \newcommand\ugaritic[3]{% font size text {#1 #2 #3} } \newcommand\UgariticName{\uu\ugamla\ualpa\urasha\ui\utet\uws\ugamla\ualpa\uws} \newcommand\utransltit{% \def\ualpa{'}% \def\ubeta{b}% \def\ugamla{g}% \def\ukha{ḫ}% \def\udelta{d}% \def\uho{h}% \def\uwo{w}% \def\uzeta{z}% \def\uhota{ḥ}% \def\utet{ṭ}% \def\uyod{y}% \def\ukaf{k}% \def\ushin{ś}% \def\ulamda{l}% \def\umem{m}% \def\udhal{ḏ}% \def\unun{n}% \def\uzu{ẓ}% \def\usamka{s}% \def\uain{}% \def\upu{p}% \def\uqopa{q}% \def\urasha{r}% \def\uthanna{ṯ}% \def\ughain{ġ}% \def\uto{t}% \def\ui{i}% \def\uu{u}% \def\ussu{ss}% %\def\uws{:}% \def\uws{{\color{\uwscolour}{:}}\space}% } \newcommand\ugalphabet{% \ualpa \ % \ubeta \ % \ugamla \ % \ukha \ % \udelta \ % \uho \ % \uwo \ % \uzeta \ % \uhota \ % \utet \ % \uyod \ % \ukaf \ % \ushin \ % \ulamda \ % \umem \ % \udhal \ % \unun \ % \uzu \ % \usamka \ % \uain \ % \upu \ % \uqopa \ % \urasha \ % \uthanna \ % \ughain \ % \uto \ % \ui \ % \uu \ % \ussu \ % \uws \ % } \newcommand\utexttrans[1]{% \ugaritic{\ugh}{\large}{#1} (% \textit{\utransltit{#1}}) % } %===================================== \title{Ugaritic Script} \author{xxx} \date{11 November 2017: Saturday 11:30pm} \begin{document} \maketitle \tableofcontents \section{Ugaritic} Ugaritic script, {\uga 𐎀𐎁𐎂𐎃𐎄𐎅𐎆𐎇𐎈𐎉𐎊𐎋𐎌𐎍𐎎𐎏}, is in Unicode. Fonts covering the Ugaritic Unicode range are: Aegean, Andagii, Code2003, FreeSans, K1FS (same shape and size as FreeSans), MPH 2B Damase, Noto Sans Ugaritic,and Quivira. \par Using {\ugaritic{\ugb}{}{\UgariticName}} (\textit{\utransltit{\UgariticName}}) as sample text: \vskip1.5em \par\noindent \ugaritic{\uga}{\utextsize}{\UgariticName} Aegean, \par\noindent \ugaritic{\ugb}{\utextsize}{\UgariticName} Andagii, \par\noindent \ugaritic{\ugc}{\utextsize}{\UgariticName} Code2003, \par\noindent \ugaritic{\ugd}{\utextsize}{\UgariticName} FreeSans, %\par\noindent \ugaritic{\uge}{\utextsize}{\UgariticName} K1FS, \par\noindent \ugaritic{\ugf}{\utextsize}{\UgariticName} MPH 2B Damase, \par\noindent \ugaritic{\ugg}{\utextsize}{\UgariticName} Noto Sans Ugaritic, \par\noindent \ugaritic{\ugh}{\utextsize}{\UgariticName} and Quivira. \section{The Alphabet} \par \ugaritic{\ugf}{\large}{\ugalphabet} \par \textit{\utransltit{\ugalphabet}} \par \utexttrans{\UgariticName} \par xxx xxx xxx \end{document} Note that the bulk code and long lists were copy-pasted from Excel, being created using the CONCATENATE function to build up strings from substrings. No use (mis)typing miles of coding if a click or two is available. *** ## Scambling and switching on paragraph numbers Legal writing (like judgments) has numbered paragraphs, for detailed pin-pointing of information, and the occasional (unnumbered) heading. Headings help a bit, especially in long judgments, but since they are an interpretation of the structure of the reasoning and not the interpretation of the structure, headings take on an ancillary role only, as an aid to navigation. There are numerous ways to achieve numbered paragraphing: making the document one giant enumerated list, with each paragraph being an item in the list, is one way (simplistic, but workable). Another way is to count the paragraphs. Latex by default has numbered headings and unnumbered paragraphs. To re-style it into legal mode, a paragraph counter can be created, say something like \p, to keep it short to save typing: %Numbered paragraphs \newcounter{parno}[paragraph]%% numbered paragraph \renewcommand{\theparno}{\arabic{parno}} \newcommand{\p}{\stepcounter{parno}\noindent[\theparno]\ } \setcounter{secnumdepth}{4} This switches off paragraph first-line indenting, puts square brackets around the number, and adds a space after it. To stop numbers like 1.1.1.1 appearing (paragraph numbers are the fourth level down), the paragraph number can be de-linked from the level numbering coming in from one level above: %delink paragraph counter from being reset by subsubsection \usepackage{chngcntr} \counterwithout{paragraph}{subsubsection} \renewcommand{\theparagraph}{\S\arabic{paragraph}} And headings (meaning sections, in the case of an article document-class) can have their numbering switched off by setting to nothing (being {}): %remove (printing of) section numbering \renewcommand\thesection{}` Got vertical text working: for Japanese (using the lualatex-ja package, compiled under lualatex, rather than xelatex), going right-to-left. And ruby-text (furigana): Vertical also works for Chinese characters, of course. And Mongolian or Manchu, under the mls package (which gives MonTeX), besides Cyrillic and Roman scripts, can do vertical too, left-to-right: Painters have an exercise to stretch their skills: painting an egg on a piece of paper. Uses up a lot of titanium white. The legal equivalent , in comparative law/translation, would be trying to render the phrase ‘common law’, and its near-equivalent and simultaneous not-equivalent “droit commun”, from French into English. Here is Carbasse (via a quote typeset in Latex, to capture the visuality of the original printing): In French, the phrase “common law” has a shade of meaning and a perspective (and field of denotation) that it does not have in English, and “droit commun”, as a (knowing) near-miss gloss, does not exactly mean ‘common law’ (in connotation) like a literal translation of ‘droit commun’ would sound like it would give. The Paris perspective of London. Almost the linguistic equivalent of an Escher knot. And he [the Chief Justice] said, upon the observation upon 4 Mod. see the inconveniencies of these scambling reports, they will make us appear to posterity for a parcel of blockheads. Once there was a law report of a case (Hodge v Clare), which seemed to be saying that pleading that a party was, in modern terms, ‘absent’, did not necessarily mean ‘absent outside of the jurisdiction’, like all other cases had confirmed up until that time.  But the law report itself was found at fault, because: upon search of the roll in that case [the official parchment roll recording the case], there is a full averment, that the person, during whose absence, was in partibus transmarinis [in parts overseas], and no ground for the objection. Hence Holt CJ’s observation about ‘these scambling reports’. – Slater v May, 2 Lord Raymond 1071. Would we perhaps call it a ‘fake report’, nowadays? With the colored letttrine Latex package, and a suitable font like EB Garamond, which has empty decorative initials (acting like a background) and separate foreground letters, interesting effects can be achieved: Similar effects could be achieved with CSS in HTML, but printing commands can do optical effects like lensing, and it will probably be a while before such things are coded up as standard-issue into browsers. Vita is indeed brevis, and art longa. ## LaTeX, treasure cave Have discovered the joys of typesetting. Specifically, the XeLaTeX incarnation of LaTeX: it can understand Unicode, and can access any fonts installed on the system. Plus its code is expandable, and user-written packages extend its functionality and abilities. Latex et al. (the tex part is from Greek τέχνη, techne, “art, skill, craft”, meaning both skill of mind and skill of hand) has maths typesetting at its core. Using suitable packages if required (and there are thousands), you can do papers on more maths: isotopes: (and even, on the Arts Faculty side, ) Mazes: Chess games (of course), step-by-step . There are a whole bunch of linguistics-related packages. For syntax trees and glosses: Glosses in other scripts: Playful stuff: and And so on. (As an aside, learning cuneiform must have taken ages at school, not to mention if you were Babylonian and had to go to Ancient Sumerian classes!) There’s a package called manuscript, designed for emulating the old-style typewriter-written theses, which must have been written for LaTeX in the old days, I think. Now, with XeLaTeX, with its access to any and all installed fonts, one line of code (selecting a typewriter font) is all that is needed for emulating an old-style thesis. Well, almost. Using the underline command, produces a nice, typeset line, which contrasts with the font (Urania Czech, in this case): But with the old typewriters, you could backspace, and use the _ key (or the X key for typing errors, before liquid paper was invented): And of course, some typewriter ribbons were red-and-black (never found out what the red ink was used for). Lots of fun. === Addendum 27-Aug-2017: corrected spelling to: XeLaTeX.

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https://www.varsitytutors.com/gre_math-help/how-to-find-absolute-value

GRE Math : How to find absolute value Example Questions Example Question #1 : How To Find Absolute Value Quantitative Comparison: Column A |–3 + 4| Column B |–3| + |4| Column A and B are equal Column B is greater Cannot be determined Column A is greater Column B is greater Explanation: The operations in the absolute value are always done first. So in Column A, |–3 + 4| = |1| = 1.  In Column B, |–3| + |4| = 3 + 4 = 7. Example Question #141 : Integers Quantitative Comparison |x – 3| = 3 Quantity A: x Quantity B: 2 Quantity B is greater. The relationship cannot be determined from the information given. Quantity A is greater. The two quantities are equal. The relationship cannot be determined from the information given. Explanation: It's important to remember that absolute value functions yield two equations, not just one. Here we have x – 3 = 3 AND x – 3 = –3. Therefore x = 6 or x = 0, so the answer cannot be determined. If we had just used the quation x – 3 = 3 and forgotten about the second equation, we would have had x = 6 as the only solution, giving us the wrong answer. Example Question #791 : Gre Quantitative Reasoning Quantitative Comparison Quantity A: |10| – |16| Quantity B: |1 – 5| – |3 – 6| Quantity B is greater. The two quantities are equal. The relationship cannot be determined from the information given. Quantity A is greater. Quantity B is greater. Explanation: Quantity A: |10| = 10, |16| = 16, so |10| – |16| = 10 – 16 = –6. Quantity B: |1 – 5| = 4, |3 – 6| = 3, so |1 – 5| - |3 – 6| = 4 – 3 = 1. 1 is bigger than –6, so Quantity B is greater. Example Question #1 : How To Find Absolute Value Quantitative Comparison Quantity A: (|–4 + 1| + |–10|)2 Quantity B: |(–4 + 1 – 10)2| The two quantities are equal. The relationship cannot be determined from the information given. Quantity B is greater. Quantity A is greater. The two quantities are equal. Explanation: Quantity A: |–4 + 1| = |–3| = 3 and |–10| = 10, so (|–4 + 1| + |–10|)2 = (3 + 10)2 = 13= 169 Quantity B: |(–4 + 1 – 10)2| = |(–13)2| = 169 The two quantities are equal. Example Question #1 : How To Find Absolute Value Quantity A: Quantity B: Quantity A is greater Quantity B is greater The relationship cannot be determined from the information given The two quantities are equal Quantity B is greater Explanation: If , then either  or  must be negative, but not both. Making them both positive, as in quantity B, and then adding them, would produce a larger number than adding them first and making the result positive. Example Question #1 : How To Find Absolute Value What is the absolute value of the following equation when

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http://simbad.cds.unistra.fr/simbad/sim-ref?bibcode=2017ApJ...841...37G

other querymodes : Identifierquery Coordinatequery Criteriaquery Referencequery Basicquery Scriptsubmission TAP Outputoptions Help 2017ApJ...841...37G - Astrophys. J., 841, 37-37 (2017/May-3) Hints on the gradual resizing of the torus in AGNs through decomposition of Spitzer/IRS spectra. GONZALEZ-MARTIN O., MASEGOSA J., HERNAN-CABALLERO A., MARQUEZ I., RAMOS ALMEIDA C., ALONSO-HERRERO A., ARETXAGA I., RODRIGUEZ-ESPINOSA J.M., ACOSTA-PULIDO J.A., HERNANDEZ-GARCIA L., ESPARZA-ARREDONDO D., MARTINEZ-PAREDES M., BONFINI P., PASETTO A. and DULTZIN D. Abstract (from CDS): Several authors have claimed that less luminous active galactic nuclei (AGNs) are not capable of sustaining a dusty torus structure. Thus, a gradual resizing of the torus is expected when the AGN luminosity decreases. Our aim is to examine mid-infrared observations of local AGNs of different luminosities for the gradual resizing and disappearance of the torus. We applied the decomposition method described by Hernan-Caballero et al. to a sample of ∼100 Spitzer/IRS spectra of low-luminosity AGNs and powerful Seyferts in order to decontaminate the torus component from other contributors. We have also included Starburst objects to ensure secure decomposition of the Spitzer/IRS spectra. We have used the affinity propagation (AP) method to cluster the data into five groups within the sample according to torus contribution to the 5-15 µm range (Ctorus) and bolometric luminosity (Lbol). The AP groups show a progressively higher torus contribution and an increase of the bolometric luminosity from Group 1 (Ctorus∼0 % and log(Lbol)∼41) up to Group 5 (Ctorus∼80 % and log(Lbol)∼44). We have fitted the average spectra of each of the AP groups to clumpy models. The torus is no longer present in Group 1, supporting its disappearance at low luminosities. We were able to fit the average spectra for the torus component in Groups 3 (Ctorus∼40 % and log(Lbol)∼42.6), 4 (Ctorus∼60 % and log(Lbol)∼43.7), and 5 to Clumpy torus models. We did not find a good fitting to Clumpy torus models for Group 2 (Ctorus∼18 % and log(Lbol)∼42). This might suggest a different configuration and/or composition of the clouds for Group 2, which is consistent with the different gas content seen in Groups 1, 2, and 3, according to detections of H2 molecular lines. Groups 3, 4, and 5 show a trend of decreasing torus width (which leads to a likely decrease of the geometrical covering factor), although we cannot confirm it with the present data. Finally, Groups 3, 4, and 5 show an increase of the outer radius of the torus for higher luminosities, consistent with a resizing of the torus according to AGN luminosity. Journal keyword(s): galaxies: active - galaxies: nuclei - infrared: galaxies - infrared: galaxies VizieR on-line data: <Available at CDS (J/ApJ/841/37): table1.dat table2.dat table3.dat table4.dat table5.dat>

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https://www.physicsforums.com/threads/harmonic-potential-of-non-interacting-particles.587196/

# Homework Help: Harmonic Potential of Non-Interacting Particles 1. Mar 15, 2012 ### Lyons_63 Two Non Interacting Particles Interact with a external harmonic Potential. What are the energy levels of the system, and the partition functions when assuming the particles are (b) Bosons and (c) Fermions 2. Relevant equations Energy of the system E=(ρ1)^2/2m + (ρ2)^2/2m+ mω^2/2 (x1+x2) ρ= momentum ω=angular frequency of the system 3. The attempt at a solution The energy levels for a single oscillator are given by E=hbar ω (n + 1/2) I am not sure to go from here and how to incorporate the fact that there are two particles in the system Any help would be great! 2. Mar 18, 2012 ### Redbelly98 Staff Emeritus Since there are two particles, each will be found in one of the states n. So the state of the system would be characterized by two numbers rather than one -- you could call them n1 and n2. So first you'd need to write down the total energy of the system, when one particle is in state n1 and the other is in state n2.

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http://lukasatkinson.de/2015/api-documentation/

# Good API Documentation by Lukas Atkinson This post provides suggestions on writing good API documentation that targets programmers: how you can document a class, library, or command line utility so that other programmers or power users can make good use of it. Not covered is documentation for end users or GUIs, although some ideas would certainly translate. Contents: ## Why Document Documentation provides real value. Without docs, it would often be easier to implement the required functionality myself rather than trying to understand a library from its source code. That is, a library without documentation is a leaky abstraction, since I have to peek under the covers if I’m not sure what it’s supposed to do. Which happens fairly often. Self-documenting code is no substitute for real documentation, since they target different audiences. Documentation is read by people who want to use your software. The source code is read by other programmers on the project. Those other programmers will still enjoy documentation when it is available, since it allows them to more quickly build a complete understanding of the whole software system without actually having to understand every single line of code. Writing good documentation takes a lot of time (roughly as much as coding and testing together), so we want to write as little of it as possible. This article contains various advice that will help you write documentation more efficiently, by prioritizing important information. You can always go back and add more details later. ## Kinds of Documentation Documentation is not complete when you have Doxygen-style reference documentation for all your methods. Useful documentation contains material on both a high overview level and a more detailed reference level. It accommodates both people new to the software and experienced users that only read the docs to extract a very specific piece of information without having to resort to reading the source code. In my experience, stellar docs contain these parts: • # Introductions and Overviews explain what this software is capable of and why it is awesome. This is less a kind of documentation than it is marketing material, so it should be an inviting entry point for potential users. • # A Concepts page lists and explains unique concepts, ideas, and architectural decisions of the software in broad strokes. E.g. a static blog generator might introduce a “page” and “post” concept here. However, the rest of the docs should still be readable without intimate knowledge of these concepts. Treat the concepts page as a glossary and link to the corresponding entry when you first use a special term in any section. • # Tutorials and How-Tos walk an user through tasks or scenarios, with the aim of showcasing correct and easily adaptable code. Do write production-ready examples with full error handling and follow all applicable best practices etc., but don't get lost in tangential details. For those, link to the reference documentation. • # Examples can serve as a good entry point or overview documentation for readers like me. See the # Tips for Examples for advice on good examples. • # Reference Documentation will probably make up the bulk of your docs, and is discussed in more detail below. ## Reference Documentation References are not usually read cover to cover, but are used to locate small pieces of specific information. Consequently they have to be structured around discoverability and completeness. • Make the reference searchable, ideally with a custom code-aware engine that recognizes keywords and function names. At the very least, provide an index or a customized 3rd party search engine. Note that creating indices becomes much easier with special-purpose documentation systems or wikis than with general-purpose text processors. • A tabular format for reference entries makes it easy to locate the required info at a glance. Interested in the return value of a function? That should be mentioned in the “returns” section, not buried in the free-form description. See # Function Reference Sections for a couple of recommended sections. • Each entry should be self-contained, and not require other entries to have been read in order to be comprehensible. If some information is necessary to understand multiple entries, repeat that info in each entry. If some other section contains relevant info, link to it and provide a summary. ## Function Reference Sections For reference entries of functions and methods, I use the following sections. These sections are suggestions, so leave out sections that do not apply in your case. • # Specifying the Type Signature is obvious in statically typed languages, but even more important in dynamic ones. In dynamic languages, I do not explicitly mention the type of each argument in the signature, but write down a symbolic invocation in a self-documenting manner. E.g. (key, value) = api.nextEntry(cursor). In my experience, it is useful to name the return value. Since this symbolic invocation is not example code but only illustrates the possible modes of invocation, it can help to use an EBNF-like notation as is customary in man pages, e.g. rm [<option>...] <file>.... • # Summarize the behavior in a short command sentence that can be used in place of the function invocation. I prefer this to be a simple command rather than a descriptive sentence, i.e. “get the email subject ” rather than “gets the email subject ”. Ideally, this description fits comfortably into a single line. If it is longer or if the short command contains and/or/but, this could be an indication you should refactor into two separate functions. • # List all Parameters with their name and type. If an argument is optional, document the default value. If there are restrictions on the range of accepted values or interdependencies between arguments, mention them here. E.g. explicitly state when a string must be non-empty, or when an integer must be non-negative. Describe the purpose of this parameter in the context of the function. • # For the Return Value, describe the type and range of the result and its meaning. If you return a complex structure such as a tuple, explain each member of that structure • # List all Exceptions that could be thrown, and the reasons why they might occur. Bonus points for explaining how the error could be avoided, or handled and recovered from. If a function provides a strong guarantee that it never throws, documenting that as well. • # If necessary, add an In-Depth Description of the function's behaviour. How the function behaves has mostly been explained in the other sections, so focus on side effects and finer details of the function. Take extra care to specify all edge cases. Depending on the kind of function, you might want to add a couple of other sections as well: • # Provide a Tutorial for more complicated or more frequently used functions. This doesn't have to cover all edge case; leave that to the detailed description. • # Examples are a great way to learn for many people. Please read # Tips for Examples. • # Security Concerns deserve their own section if any are present. It would be irresponsible to hide this crucial information in the description. A reader should be able to stop once they have found their required information, so make security concerns stand out. • # The full Contract of a method should be stated explicitly when you expect it to be implemented or overridden in another class. This is particularly important when documenting interface members. • # Use equivalent Pseudocode to illustrate the semantics of simple functions. The pseudocode should be exactly equivalent in all edge cases, but some details such as input validation can be elided. • # Specify the expected Interface Stability when some functionality is either experimental, deprecated, or very unlikely to change. This way, users can easily decide whether they want to depend on that feature. By default, I would expect your API to have a clear version number that uses SemVer. Here is an example of function reference documentation using a trivial addition function. The purpose of the example is explaining how the various sections could be used; please do not actually overdo your docs like this. First we’ll look at a free-form description in the style of manpages, then we’ll structure the documentation using the above sections. sum = add(a, b) Adds a and b. The parameters a and b must be None or convertible to int, or this function throws a ValueError. The good thing about this style is that it can be very concise for short functions. The bad part is that it tends to be imprecise (what happens when a is None?), and that you’ll have to read the whole description to find answers to frequent questions (when does it throw?). Using clear sections uses much more space, but you can find your answers at a glance: sum = add(a, b) a: convertible to int or None b: convertible to int or None the addends. If they are None, then they default to 0. Other values will be converted to int via the builtin int(). Returns sum: int – the sum of a and b. Throws ValueError when the parameters cannot be converted to integers. Pseudocode def add(a, b): a_converted = int(a) if a is not None else 0 b_converted = int(b) if b is not None else 0 return a_converted + b_converted Examples add(3, 5) #=> 8 add(2.7, 5.4) #=> 7, because int() rounds downwards add(None, 13) #=> 13, because None is used as zero add(“foo”, 7) #=> throws ValueError Note that the function is so well-specified that it doesn’t need a description section. ## Class Reference Sections Class references are not fundamentally different from function references. A few unique sections might be these: • # Summarize the Single Responsibility of the class. E.g. “RemoteWorker: run RemoteJobs over the network” or “OutputItem: model URL hierarchy of the website”. • # Describe Instantiation of objects. This is essentially # Function Reference documentation for the constructor. Some classes have special rules around instantiation, which should be described here. Examples are Singleton objects or classes using the Builder Pattern. • # Explain the Class Invariant if your object is mutable: What properties are guaranteed to hold? Do I have to check something before I can invoke a method? E.g. some objects have a normal state and an empty state. In such a case, explain which methods change the state. Specifying an invariant is very important if the class can be extended, so that subclasses don’t break the base class. • # Provide Member Reference Documentation. Every publicly visible type, symbol, method, and variable should have a reference entry. In addition, you can write tutorials, free-form descriptions for details, security sections, or a couple of examples, as suggested for function documentation.# ## Tips for Examples Examples will be imitated, and some people learn best by pattern matching example code against their requirements. Your examples should take this into account. • Make sure your example actually works. Ideally, it would be part of your test suite. • Promote best practices. Your example will be copied, so it should not contain any security vulnerabilities or dirty tricks. Spell out all the error handling you would do in production code, though the kind of error handling may be trivial (e.g. throw an application error). • Examples can leave out boilerplate. A bit of common scaffolding can be assumed to be present, provided that it was discussed in the # introductory documentation or was explicitly mentioned in the example description. • The topic of your example can be trivial or silly. Real-world examples can be powerful, but might confuse a reader with domain-specific details. Many projects use a kind of running gag for examples, e.g. Python documentation frequently references the “Spam” sketch by Monty Python. • Examples should be reasonably short. If they grow too long, try a simpler example. If that doesn’t help, your API might be too complex and you might want to simplify it. # Make your docs discoverable. What web pages serve as the entry points to your project? Those shouldn't just be a download button, but should put the introductory documentation first and foremost. # Inside your documentation, link between different kinds of documentation that cover the same subject. When a tutorial uses a function, link to that function's reference documentation. A class is discussed more closely in some how-to blog post? Link to that article from the reference documentation. # Writing good docs involves technical writing, which is an entirely different skillset from programming. A bit of advice: • # Get to the point. Rather than jabbering on with endless streams of repetitive adjectives, delete those pesky filler words. Unlike creative writing, technical writing does not require you to capture the imagination of your audience with colourful descriptions. • # Use simple language. Prefer short sentences. Many readers will not be native speakers, so make the docs as accessible as possible. • # Set expectations early. Because the time of your readers is valuable, state up front what topic each document covers, and what kind of documentation it provides. Link to other kinds and related topics where available. • # Put important stuff first, defer details until later. In journalism, this technique is known as the Inverted Pyramid. A reader should be able to stop reading at any point without having missed something too important. Mention security considerations in their own section or info box so that they are hard to miss. Start paragraphs with simple sentences that serve as a kind of heading. Use actual headings and bullet points to structure your text. Setting keywords in bold font can make a document easier to scan. • # Try to use a light hearted, slightly informal tone that's enjoyable to read. Be careful not to go too far: a conversational tone and too frequent jokes get in the way of communicating relevant information, and annoys readers.

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https://astarmathsandphysics.com/university-maths-notes/complex-analysis/1820-differentiating-under-the-integral-sign.html?tmpl=component&print=1&page=

## Differentiating Under the Integral Sign Let R be a region and let K be a complex valued function of two variables z in R and t in [a,b] such that 1. is analytic inas a function offor each 2. andare continuous onas functions of t for each 3. For somefor Then the functionwithis analytic onandfor(1) Proof: Letand choose a circleinwith centreand radiussuch that the inside oflies entirely inIflies insidethen we have by assumption 1 and Cauchy's Integral Formula, and and by Cauchy's First Derivative Formula,for each t in [a,b]. Hence, if f is given by (1) then say. We need to show thatas henceas

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http://crypto.stackexchange.com/questions/13212/efficient-robust-private-set-intersection-questions?answertab=oldest

# Efficient Robust Private Set Intersection Questions I am trying to implement Efficient Robust Private Set Intersection using additive ElGamal. I am trying to run the full protocol mentioned in Section 3.4 on the following inputs: • $p = 17$ (prime) • $g = 6$ (generator) • $x = 5$ (private key) • $k = g^x \pmod p = 6^5 \pmod{17} = 7$ (public key) Suppose the clients inputs are 1, 2. Then $P(x) = (x-1)(x-2) = x^2-3x+2$, and therefore the coeffiecients to encrypt are $(1, -3, 2)$. I chose $y = 10$ and so the encrypted values are: • $1$ becomes $(15,12)$ • $-3$ becomes $(15, 1)$ • $2$ becomes $(15, 4)$. The Server Side Input Set $S=\{1\}$ and the random value $r0$ corresponding to $\{1\}$ is $r_0=2$. With the above problem in context, I have some questions: 1. What does P 0,j refer to in Step 7. Can you please give an example? 2. In Step 8, suddenly variable i is introduced along with j. What does i, j, refer to? 3. In Step 8, ENC() function has a ; in between. How do we interpret ENC(a;b)? - Section 3.4 of what? Step 7 of what? I have no idea what you are referring to. What have you tried? Do you understand what it means to work in a finite field? I suggest you go back and review the basics, like finite fields and modular arithmetics. –  D.W. Jan 30 at 2:56 @D.W.: I am trying to run the Private Robust Set Intersection protocol mentioned in the below paper, ece.umd.edu/~danadach/MyPapers/set-int.pdf –  user11706 Jan 30 at 4:28 user11706, The etiquette on this site is to edit the question to include this information into the question. When asked for clarification, don't just add a comment; edit the question to make it self-contained. People shouldn't need to read the comment thread to understand everything needed to understand the question. Looks like figlesquidge has done that for you, but you should do it yourself in the future. –  D.W. Jan 30 at 20:14 In general, you might find it more useful to look at the full description of the protocol on page 137 of the paper you cite, rather than the general overview on the preceding pages. 1. From page 137, step 8 (which corresponds to step 7 in the general overview): "For each $y_j \in Y$, $S$ chooses a random polynomial $P_{0,j}$ of degree $k + k (\lfloor \log n \rfloor + 1)$ with constant coefficient equal to $0$..." To choose a random polynomial, you just choose every coefficient (except the lowest one, since that's specified to be zero) uniformly at random from the field you're using. 2. From page 137, step 9: "For each $y_j \in Y$, for $1 \le i \le 10k(\lfloor \log n \rfloor + 1)$, using the sharing polynomials obtained in Steps 6, 7, 8, and a random value $r_{i,j}$, $S$ computes: $Out_{i,j} =$..." 3. See section 2, "Definitions and Building Block Protocols" on pp. 127–128. It looks to me like the choice between using a comma or a semicolon to separate the arguments to $\rm ENC$ is merely a stylistic / typographical one: ${\rm ENC}(x,r)$ and ${\rm ENC}(x;r)$ should mean the same thing. 4. Yes, there presumably is, although I cannot absolutely confirm that for you without actually reading the whole paper. -

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https://www.tek-tips.com/viewthread.cfm?qid=1789943

× INTELLIGENT WORK FORUMS FOR COMPUTER PROFESSIONALS Log In #### Come Join Us! Are you a Computer / IT professional? Join Tek-Tips Forums! • Talk With Other Members • Be Notified Of Responses To Your Posts • Keyword Search • One-Click Access To Your Favorite Forums • Automated Signatures On Your Posts • Best Of All, It's Free! • Students Click Here *Tek-Tips's functionality depends on members receiving e-mail. By joining you are opting in to receive e-mail. #### Posting Guidelines Promoting, selling, recruiting, coursework and thesis posting is forbidden. Students Click Here # 3 BCM guides that you might find useful6 Forum Search FAQs Links MVPs ## 3 BCM guides that you might find useful 4 (OP) I've recently done 3 guides and the main one is the setup of the email server and professional call recording features that are really useful on the release 6.0 versions. There are a few traps that prevent it from working, but I have explained it all using screen shots where possible. Firebird Scrambler Nortel & Avaya Meridian 1 / Succession & BCM / Norstar Programmer Website = http://somertel.com linkedin ### RE: 3 BCM guides that you might find useful (OP) Thanks Brian. Just a shame that the BCM life has ended. So much could have been done to keep it going. Firebird Scrambler Nortel & Avaya Meridian 1 / Succession & BCM / Norstar Programmer Website = http://somertel.com linkedin ### RE: 3 BCM guides that you might find useful Thanks Too add or maybe add to the docs at the beginning about being supported that only 32 Bit is supported. Have you tested (or anyone else) Personal Call Manager on a 32 bit Windows 10? ________________________________________ =----(((((((((()----= www.curlycord.com Toronto, Canada Add me to LinkedIN ### RE: 3 BCM guides that you might find useful (OP) Good point curly, it is mentioned at the point of downloading the software. Firebird Scrambler Nortel & Avaya Meridian 1 / Succession & BCM / Norstar Programmer Website = http://somertel.com linkedin ### RE: 3 BCM guides that you might find useful These are awesome Guides: very clear and concise - thanks FirebirdScrambler for another Essential for the Toolbox! Now that BCM life has ended - is there anything to stop new software/reverse-engineering being applied to it? Verulam Telephone: Communicating is our Pleasure! Serving Eastern Ontario ### RE: 3 BCM guides that you might find useful (OP) Many thanks for the kind comments regarding the guides I do. I try to make them as simple as possible and I think those of us who know some of the workings of the BCM structure will probably no longer be able to produce anything new other than what has already been discovered in the past couple of years. The development could have continued with Avaya support, but they decided to ditch it and just sell Avaya IPO. Any customer who has a BCM 50 / 450 system can be assured that it's still good with loads of features at release 6.0 and I use mine with SIP trunks without many issues. With regards to licensing and KRS, there are other ways to overcome this. Firebird Scrambler Nortel & Avaya Meridian 1 / Succession & BCM / Norstar Programmer Website = http://somertel.com linkedin ### RE: 3 BCM guides that you might find useful Other ways ? like... Some DarkArts? :D Great Job for your guides, i just saw it ! You are right, so much could be done to make an R7 ! Firebird, do you think we have enough knowledge to make our own OpenSource R7 ? Otherwise i think the flag has been passed to E-Metrotel, i think this is the best alternative, but ofcourse too expensive. If the BCM could have its SIP Client for sets completely developped and have calls histories/Redial List on sets plus compatibility with the Nortel Application Gateway (MG1000) I will have nothing to ask more, it will look very complete to me. Sad because i know that machine could do it with its actual resources (Talking about BCM450) ********************************** * Doc Robotnik * Network & Hardware Administrator * Likedin ### RE: 3 BCM guides that you might find useful (OP) Thanks for the comments. Unless we know of a developer who writes Linux with a passion and knows BCM, then it's unlikely that there will be any reason to continue with trying to improve the product. Although the BCM 450 has a good processor when it was produced, the older BCM 50 was suffering resource issues due to it's outdated CPU. It's a shame that there wasn't a way to boost performance from it, as the extra features at release 6.0 when used could slow things down and the BCM Monitor is a good place to check. TAPI on 64 bit was never developed and this means that some existing applications such as "PCM" won't work now that 64 bit computers are widely used. Many ACD applications and Outlook add on's today won't work. All this needs to be updated and therefore it's another reason why the BCM is end of life now. Such a shame. Firebird Scrambler Nortel & Avaya Meridian 1 / Succession & BCM / Norstar Programmer Website = http://somertel.com linkedin ### RE: 3 BCM guides that you might find useful I tried again to play with the Personal Call Manager yesterday and could not get it to sync with my BCM50. Most of the CTE applications were not sufficiently developed to work with anything higher than 32-bit Win7. Avaya just let the BCM line die on the vine. Brian Cox Georgia Telephone http://Georgia-Telephone.com http://www.linkedin.com/in/briancox1952 ### RE: 3 BCM guides that you might find useful exsmogger, The best OS i ever tryed for this is WinXP, my Win10 32Bits do not work also ! I belive we don't need Avaya. I belive many techs who pratice DarkArts/BCM_LinuxWriters will see the day, now that BCM will became a kind of abandonware, i think we will see more websites dedicated to it, or secret tools etc. BUT ! Maybe some developpers will get out and join the communutie who know? i just hope this will not just creat a big breach for the BCM'S security. Why i belive this ? Because this is the cheapest telecom unit on ebay market, and there is MANYS ! It just need a minimum of popularity to get great. Many fans with great skills can join. Or maybe i'm just too much optimist ! The time will tell the truth! I started to learn telecom in 2012 with a Compact ics, only with google here and mikecook book,and the official manuals. Now i ended up in BCM IP phone friwmare i learn the DarkArts from my DarkMaster, i learn linux that i never touch of my whole life ! I modify some part of the core of the BCM for my personal amusement. If i reached this level, i belive i can do more maybe not a R7 but improvements, with a high skill programmer i'm sure i can do a R7 with him but... Time is missing, to do this you need indeed to be very passionated, i have the passion for sure ! But i have a wife also ! I can't anymore stay as an addict on a project like i did before. But i where able do it many others can i'm sure if they have time !!! If some one wish to start a serious project about it, i'm interested to join, but not as an addict, i will invest only few hours per weeks. ********************************** * Doc Robotnik * Network & Hardware Administrator * Likedin ### RE: 3 BCM guides that you might find useful -This forum is not a place for that discussion as you were told earlier -There is Nortel programming and not just linux -The system has been discontinued for years -There is not much more you will be able to do then has been done already -You hijacked this thread -Take your wife out more often, lol ________________________________________ =----(((((((((()----= www.curlycord.com Toronto, Canada Add me to LinkedIN ### RE: 3 BCM guides that you might find useful Doc have you played with Asterisk? ________________________________________ =----(((((((((()----= www.curlycord.com Toronto, Canada Add me to LinkedIN ### RE: 3 BCM guides that you might find useful Yes i did, with a SIP phone CISCO 7911G and a SPA2102. I get borred because there where bugs and glitchs. It did not last 2 months. I tried also TrixBox, did not get impressed also. I tryed E-MetroTel I GOT IMPRESSED ! But God Damn ! Totaly overpriced. ********************************** * Doc Robotnik * Network & Hardware Administrator * Likedin ### RE: 3 BCM guides that you might find useful Doc....I sell and service the emetrotel product line and I have no idea why you would say it's expensive. How cheap do you expect a hybrid telephone system to be? Every quote I do, it blows the competition out of the water as far as price goes. ### RE: 3 BCM guides that you might find useful This sounds like someone is comparing the price of an end of life used unsupported telephone switch from eBay with the price of a new switch with warranty and support. Even worse, that person also appears to completely ignore the fact that a lot of functionality of the "eBay system" does not require expensive licenses only because someone successfully hacked the licensing system and can enable all features for free (call it DarkArts or whatever else you want, I would still question the legality of doing so). In my opinion, those who remember Nortel / Avaya pricing for a new BCM system with all necessary licenses wouldn't likely consider the E-MetroTel system "Totaly overpriced". ### RE: 3 BCM guides that you might find useful "I tried again to play with the Personal Call Manager yesterday and could not get it to sync with my BCM50. Most of the CTE applications were not sufficiently developed to work with anything higher than 32-bit Win7. Avaya just let the BCM line die on the vine." exsmogger, attempts to get PCM working under 64-bit windows are futile. The connection between BCM and PC applications was implemented using CTE (a Nortel toolkit that used a proprietary communications protocol over TCP). The Nortel TSP was just a relatively thin layer on top of CTE that implemented "TAPI 2.x service provider". PCM is a TAPI application that uses TAPI 2. The reason why you cannot get PCM working under 64-bit Windows is simple - TAPI 2 is NOT supported by 64-bit Windows. Due to that, Nortel TSP doesn't work under 64-bit OSes and PCM has no TAPI 2 libraries to connect to. The situation is better with 3rd party applications written to use CTE directly - these applications can still be used via the WOW compatibility layer (Windows on Windows). ### RE: 3 BCM guides that you might find useful Yep, I'll vouch for that. It's so frustrating for all of us who have worked with BCM's over the years that Avaya pretty much stopped supporting the updated operating systems. Ah well, time (and progress) marches on. Brian Cox Georgia Telephone http://Georgia-Telephone.com http://www.linkedin.com/in/briancox1952 ### RE: 3 BCM guides that you might find useful Ah damn... i forgot how easy you trigger on Joe. Just to clarify. That person never said it's overpriced vs Nortel or Avaya. When i say overpriced i talk about to play with at home without to be a bussines with a salary of a janitor. That what that person mean. I'm not a bussiness and i don't do telecom services or calls, it's only a hobby to play with those system at home. While a cisco call manager set is avalaible for 500$or that BCM i got for 300$ plus 1500$of licences. The UCX start at 2000$ no licences, having enough licence to play with all feature and possibility it offert and learn from it, i estimated it will cost around 5000$of licences. I do 28'000$ per year, so for my salary it's totaly over priced for a toy. I was talking for myself based on my personal wallet,was not talking for the actual market for bussiness. I know E-MetroTel is the best on market, i admit it i tryed the demo version and saw many videos.And i will be the first one to promote it to actual bussiness in my area who have actually a old nortel system. But i just can't afford it as a simple person. And curlycord i know i may break 2k of rules again, sorry. I will go to see my wife now. Sorry Firebird for stealing your post. ********************************** * Doc Robotnik * Network & Hardware Administrator * Likedin I don't know where you are getting your pricing from. A brand new UCX250 with 8 user licenses has ans MSRP of $1208 USD. This means you would likely get it for less from an authorized reseller because of their volume discounts. All you need to do is add your own IP sets (either Nortel or SIP) and they can be had pretty cheap. If you want to deal with Nortel digital sets, you would have to add a digital gateway but if you have a BCM50/450 sitting arounf, all you need to do is buy a replacement SSD for it. You can have unlimited SIP trunks, an enterprise grade call centre and the full suite of business applications so unless you want to deal with the advanced applications, so I don't know where you're getting 5K in additional licenses. ### RE: 3 BCM guides that you might find useful I am in canada, 1208USD is 2000$ around. i have around 17 Digital set installed everywhere in the house, plus 6 IP sets. If i remember properly i saw licence around 140$per seats, 3320$ of seats plus voicemail plus SSD for BCM plus all others application super nice like Advanced Page etc, i made the calculation few years ago. Anyway, someday ! I may buy one peice of robot per year. ********************************** * Doc Robotnik * Network & Hardware Administrator * Likedin ### RE: 3 BCM guides that you might find useful (OP) Perhaps I can act as a kind of mediator as I see this thread getting a little off topic. All of us here, have or have had a passion for Nortel products such as Norstar and BCM etc. It's been a proven product that has sold worldwide over the 30 or more years which I consider to be a very long time in the electronics business. Most of us will still know of customers who have a Norstar working well and this carries on with BCM's systems that had more features but tended to have more issues with moving parts such as hard disks or fans etc, but the concept of what the BCM did was on the same lines as the good old Norstar 6 + 16. As I've said above, the BCM has been an excellent kit for customers due to it's simplicity compared to it's larger brother such as the Meridian 1 (Option 11-81 range). Avaya did what they did to cease development in favor of it's IP Office system. It's just not possible to carry on with a system unless it's continually in tune with what the rest of the world is using such as 64 bit computers and newer versions of Office etc. CPU's and memory are always getting bigger and faster which means that Telephone systems have to redesign them or just shelve it and start afresh with a new product as manufacturers such as Mitel tend to do. With regards to the E-Metrotel system, this bit of kit is very neat and it does as mentioned by others above. I tried out a demo version running on an old laptop that was destined for the bin with a 60 gig SSD in it. I was impressed with what it could do. It's based on an Asterisk Server, but the ex-nortel guys have managed to add in both Meridian 1 and Norstar / BCM wired sets and IP phones together onto one platform which for me was very impressive. I tried a number of combinations with SIP trunks and it works. The only downside is that there doesn't appear to be a strong base of customers using E-Metrotel over this side of the pond. This is something that I feel should be explored by them as we are losing "Nortel" customers at a very fast rate. It's a very tough business to be selling telecom's kit these days and it seems that IP Office is currently doing quite well for the smaller market as it's very flexible. Mitel, Cisco are also good sellers with a number of smaller lesser known brand names. I appreciate that the research and development costs need to be paid for and so it should because of what E-Metrotel have done. From my angle, it does appear to be expensive, but as suggested above, it depends on kit the customer currently has and what they eventually want to achieve. I just wish that they were able to put their name about with advertising over here. Firebird Scrambler Nortel & Avaya Meridian 1 / Succession & BCM / Norstar Programmer Website = http://somertel.com linkedin ### RE: 3 BCM guides that you might find useful Firebird.....sorry to have kind of hijacked this thread. Didn't mean to detract from the effort you put into your documents and posting for the rest of us to use. I know that emetro does in fact sell into the UK market. Maybe you should give them a call and look into becoming a reseller. They are very flexible and the investment to become one is very small. You could even do it through an existing reseller like myself if you want to do a try-n-buy sort of thing until you want to go all-in. The stuff they have right now and will be releasing in 2019 is way beyond what they started with. They are even coming out with a new digital gateway that's about half the size of an existing BCM DSM32 module with a telco connector on the front to support 16 phones. Kicker is, that module will support BCM and CS1K phones at the same time (just a note that the hardware in it is already capable of supporting Avaya and Mitel digital phones in the future). There will also be a cage where these things can plug into so you can eliminate Option 11 cabinets in the space where the telco cables connect and still continue to use the digital sets. Awesome stuff! Their new emetrotel branded phones currently come with sip firmware in them and by Q1 next year, you will be able to load the Xstim firmware (think Unistim on steroids) into them and by the end of next year, will be able to load firmware that will allow them to work as Nortel digital sets. You will be able to change the firmware at will. Their new Infinity One client is pretty awesome too. It's a UCC chat client that is actually clientless. You just web into your UCX system from any PC or android device (iphone and ipod coming in Q1) so you can operate anywhere you have an internet connection and a compatible device. No need to load anything onto your device. The "client" is also included with every user license so no additional licenses are required. All very cool stuff but you can see most of it right on their website. ### RE: 3 BCM guides that you might find useful (OP) Telcodog, a star from me for your excellent reply. Don't worry about hijacking the thread. It's all constructive comments. Firebird Scrambler Nortel & Avaya Meridian 1 / Succession & BCM / Norstar Programmer Website = http://somertel.com linkedin #### Red Flag This Post Please let us know here why this post is inappropriate. Reasons such as off-topic, duplicates, flames, illegal, vulgar, or students posting their homework. #### Red Flag Submitted Thank you for helping keep Tek-Tips Forums free from inappropriate posts. 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http://www.maa.org/programs/faculty-and-departments/classroom-capsules-and-notes/matrices-continued-fractions-and-some-early-history-of-iteration-theory

# Matrices, Continued Fractions, and Some Early History of Iteration Theory by Michael Sormani (College of Staten Island CUNY) Mathematics Magazine April, 2000 Subject classification(s): Algebra and Number Theory | Linear Algebra Applicable Course(s): 3.8 Linear/Matrix Algebra Continued fractions of the form $\frac{1}{1 + \frac{c}{1 + \frac{c}{ 1 +\ddots}}}$ are analyzed using linear algebra and iteration theory.  The continued fractions of interest are closely related to a class of $2 \times 2$ matrices, and the eigenvalues and eigenvectors of those matrices are investigated to determine when the corresponding continued fractions converge.  Historical references are included. A pdf copy of the article can be viewed by clicking below. Since the copy is a faithful reproduction of the actual journal pages, the article may not begin at the top of the first page.

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http://www.physicsforums.com/showthread.php?p=4232434

# How can ellipticity angle be negative. by yungman Tags: angle, ellipticity, negative P: 3,830 In plane wave elliptical polarization, the book said if the Ellipticity angle is possitive, it is a Left Hand Circular polarization(LHC). If Ellipticity angle is negative, it is Right Hand Circular polarization(RHC). My question is how can Ellipticity angle be negative? http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polarization_%28waves%29 Can anyone show a picture of negative Ellipticity angle? In case this sounds ridiculous, attached is the scan of the paragraph from the "Engineering Electromagnetics" by Ulaby. I have to scan in two part to fit the size limit. First is Ulaby1 and then Ulaby2. Thanks Attached Thumbnails Sci Advisor P: 3,265 I don't see what is the problem with a negative ellipticity angle. The sign of the arcus tangens is not fixed by it's argument, it can be either positive or negative. To decide which one to choose, you have to look at the polarisation of the wave. P: 3,830 Quote by DrDu I don't see what is the problem with a negative ellipticity angle. The sign of the arcus tangens is not fixed by it's argument, it can be either positive or negative. To decide which one to choose, you have to look at the polarisation of the wave. The question is how to draw a negative ellipticity angle physically? $$\chi\;=\;\tan^{-1} \frac {a_{\eta}}{a_{\epsilon}}$$ Both are just length and is never negative. Related Discussions Automotive Engineering 4 Introductory Physics Homework 3 General Astronomy 3 Precalculus Mathematics Homework 2 Introductory Physics Homework 9

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http://tex.stackexchange.com/questions/120692/l3doc-in-combination-with-minted

l3doc in combination with minted The following question is related: How to add listings environment to DTX files I want to use the document class l3doc in combination with minted. However I am not able to get a nice result. If I use ltxdoc it works: Here a "small" MWE: % \iffalse meta-comment % arara: pdflatex: { shell: true} %<*internal> \iffalse %</internal> %<*internal> \fi \def\nameofplainTeX{plain} \ifx\fmtname\nameofplainTeX\else \expandafter\begingroup \fi %</internal> %<*install> \input docstrip.tex \keepsilent \preamble ---------------------------------------------------------------- demopkg --- description text ---------------------------------------------------------------- \endpreamble %</install> %<install>\endbatchfile %<*internal> \nopreamble\nopostamble \ifx\fmtname\nameofplainTeX \expandafter\endbatchfile \else \expandafter\endgroup \fi %</internal> %<*package> \NeedsTeXFormat{LaTeX2e} \ProvidesPackage{demopkg}[2009/10/06 v1.0 description text] %</package> %<*driver> % \documentclass{l3doc} \documentclass{ltxdoc} \usepackage{minted} \usepackage{etoolbox} \begin{document} \DocInput{\jobname.dtx} \end{document} %</driver> % \fi % Text % % \begin{minted}{latex} % \begin{document} % \DocInput{\jobname.dtx} % \end{document} % \end{minted} % \iffalse %<*example> % \fi \begin{minted}{latex} \begin{document} \DocInput{\jobname.dtx} \end{document} \end{minted} % \iffalse %</example> % \fi % Text % %\Finale Bonus: I want to use the environment minted without using the trick iffalse - Although l3doc is usable (I use it myself in xpeek), it is far from being in a stable state. See, for example, Joseph Wright’s answer to How to document a expl3 macro using dtx, where he describes the class as “currently a rather large collection of hacks […] lacking really comprehensive documentation: as I say, it's not exactly perfect internally!” Similarly, Frank Mittelbach wrote in this thread on the LaTeX3 mailing list, “[l3doc] is certainly not fit for general use, neither quality-wise not in terms of stability. […] That doesn't mean that developers can't use it, but that they have to be prepared (for now) that sometimes layout may still change, while we experiment or that something breaks on the doc level or ... :-)” In the long run, I expect l3doc to become a LaTeX3-based class, with modern solutions to indexing and cross-referencing and all that. But this will have to wait until LaTeX3-based classes are actually feasible, which means waiting for work on the output routines, templates, and similar projects—in other words, not for a few years yet. In the meantime, the class will remain a “collection of hacks” suitable for the LaTeX3 team’s use, and adverse interaction with packages like minted (which seems to significantly change how the output is handled) are to be expected. (And when the LaTeX3 version is available, I wouldn’t expect it to work smoothly with an intrusive LaTeX2e-based package anyway.) (Or, use l3doc and help modernize it.)

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https://benjaminwhiteside.com/2014/02/17/topological-invariants/

Before we can talk about topological invariants we need to know two things: 1) what is a topology, and 2) what is an invariant. Simply put, a topology is a collection of sets, each of which, vaguely speaking, has fuzzy edges. An invariant, on the other hand, is basically something which doesn’t change. In the remainder of this article I will slowly introduce the concept of a topological invariant and then having done so will illustrate what you can do with them. To properly define a topology let’s start with a non-empty set. We can, of course, give it a name: $X$ and it will consist of one or more objects, or subsets. Suppose further that we collect up a bunch of these subsets in a very particular way (explained in a second) and call it the Greek letter tau, or $\tau$. If the way in which we pick our subsets adheres to the following rules (or axioms): 1. The empty set $\emptyset$ and the entire set $X$ are in $\tau$ 2. Any union (possibly infinite) of any open set is in $\tau$. 3. The intersection of any finite number of the open sets is, again, open. then the collection of subsets gets a special name, of course, it is called a topology on the set $X$. The objects within this special kind of collection get their own name too, we call them open sets. Open sets are nice sets; we can pick elements out of them without having to worry about accidentally going too far and picking an element that isn’t in it. Formally speaking, an open set does not contain any of its boundary points and this gives us freedom to draw little circles around each and every element inside an open set and know for a fact that the little circle (also called a neighbourhood) is entirely within the set. Taking the set that we began with $X$ and the collection of subsets $\tau$ we form the tuple $(X,\tau)$, and this is called a topological space. A topological space thus consists of some set along with a collection of subsets that are nice and fuzzy. All in all, this is a pretty big space, almost all of mathematics takes place in some topological space or another. Topological spaces allow you to, obviously define sets and open subsets, which in turn allow you to define neighbourhoods which carry a diameter of sorts, which in turn allows you to define a primitive notion of distance (think of everything being measured in terms of the diameter of the little circles, or $\epsilon$ as it’s denoted). A notion of distance gives rise to the 3 C’s: Continuity, Connectedness and Convergence. And this, my friends, is where calculus lives. The second concept we need is that of an invariant. An invariant is a class of mathematical objects that don’t change when you move the object out of one environment and in to another (or back to the original one). Technically speaking, moving an object doesn’t really happen, what actually happens is that you move the object’s elements and the way in which that is done is by use of a mapping, usually denoted by $f$. The mapping takes an element, say $x$ of some set $X$, and maps it to another element $y$ in some other set $Y$. Once you do this to each and every element of $X$, if the destination set $Y$ shares a property with $X$ then we say that the original set $X$ is invariant under $f$. Let’s begin by talking about an invariant of a homeomorphism. In case you don’t recall, a homeomorphism is a mapping (a way of getting from point A to point B), call it $h$, from a topological space $X_1$ to another topological space $X_2$ that preserves the topological properties of the first space.

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https://worldwidescience.org/topicpages/p/p+states.html

#### Sample records for p states 1. Magnetoresistance through spin-polarized p states International Nuclear Information System (INIS) Papanikolaou, Nikos 2003-01-01 We present a theoretical study of the ballistic magnetoresistance in Ni contacts using first-principles, atomistic, electronic structure calculations. In particular we investigate the role of defects in the contact region with the aim of explaining the recently observed spectacular magnetoresistance ratio. Our results predict that the possible presence of spin-polarized oxygen in the contact region could explain conductance changes by an order of magnitude. Electronic transport essentially occurs through spin-polarized oxygen p states, and this mechanism gives a much higher magnetoresistance than that obtained assuming clean atomically sharp domain walls alone 2. Hunt for the 11P1 bound state of charmonium International Nuclear Information System (INIS) Porter, F.C. 1982-02-01 Using the Crystal Ball detector at SPEAR, we have looked for evidence of the isospin-violating decay psi' → π 01 P 1 , where 1 P 1 is the predicted spin-singlet p-wave bound state of charmonium. For a 1 P 1 state at the predicted mass (approx. 3520 MeV), we obtain the 95% confidence level limits: BR(psi' → π 01 P 1 ) 01 P 1 )BR( 1 P 1 → γn/sub c/ < 0.14%. These limits are compared with simple theoretical predictions 3. Nonclassical states of light with a smooth P function Science.gov (United States) Damanet, François; Kübler, Jonas; Martin, John; Braun, Daniel 2018-02-01 There is a common understanding in quantum optics that nonclassical states of light are states that do not have a positive semidefinite and sufficiently regular Glauber-Sudarshan P function. Almost all known nonclassical states have P functions that are highly irregular, which makes working with them difficult and direct experimental reconstruction impossible. Here we introduce classes of nonclassical states with regular, non-positive-definite P functions. They are constructed by "puncturing" regular smooth positive P functions with negative Dirac-δ peaks or other sufficiently narrow smooth negative functions. We determine the parameter ranges for which such punctures are possible without losing the positivity of the state, the regimes yielding antibunching of light, and the expressions of the Wigner functions for all investigated punctured states. Finally, we propose some possible experimental realizations of such states. 4. Search for production of narrow p anti p states with a 5 GeV/c p beam International Nuclear Information System (INIS) Bensinger, J.; Kirsch, L.; Morris, W. 1982-01-01 A high-statistics search for the production of narrow p anti p states with a anti p beam at 5 GeV/c finds no evidence for such states from threshold up to 2.3 GeV. In particular, we set an upper limit (95% C.L.) of 9 nb for any state below 1.95 GeV with GAMMA less than or equal to 5 MeV in the reaction p anti → p anti p π 0 5. Observation of the 1P1 state of charmonium International Nuclear Information System (INIS) Armstrong, T.A.; Bettoni, D.; Bharadwaj, V.; Biino, C.; Borreani, G.; Broemmelsiek, D.; Buzzo, A.; Calabrese, R.; Ceccucci, A.; Cester, R.; Church, M.; Dalpiaz, P.; Dalpiaz, P.F.; Dibenedetto, R.; Dimitroyannis, D.; Fabbri, M.G.; Fast, J.; Gianoli, A.; Ginsburg, C.M.; Gollwitzer, K.; Hahn, A.; Hasan, M.; Hsueh, S.; Lewis, R.; Luppi, E.; Macri, M.; Majewska, A.M.; Mandelkern, M.; Marchetto, F.; Marinelli, M.; Marques, J.; Marsh, W.; Martini, M.; Masuzawa, M.; Menichetti, E.; Migliori, A.; Mussa, R.; Palestini, S.; Pallavicini, M.; Pastrone, N.; Patrignani, C.; Peoples, J. Jr.; Pesando, L.; Petrucci, F.; Pia, M.G.; Pordes, S.; Rapidis, P.; Ray, R.; Reid, J.; Rinaudo, G.; Roccuzzo, B.; Rosen, J.; Santroni, A.; Sarmiento, M.; Savrie, M.; Scalisi, A.; Schultz, J.; Seth, K.K.; Smith, A.; Smith, G.A.; Sozzi, M.; Trokenheim, S.; Weber, M.F.; Werkema, S.; Zhang, Y.; Zhao, J.; Zioulas, G. 1992-01-01 We have performed a search for the 1 P 1 state of charmonium resonantly formed in bar pp annihilations, close to the center of gravity of the 3 P J states. We report results from the study of the J/ψ+π 0 and J/ψ+2π final states. We have observed a statistically significant enhancement in the bar p+p→J/ψ+π 0 cross section at √s congruent 3526.2 MeV. This enhancement has the characteristics of a narrow resonance of mass, total width, and production cross section consistent with what is expected for the 1 P 1 state. In our search we have found no candidates for the reactions bar p+p→J/ψ+π 0 +π 0 and bar p+p→J/ψ+π + +π - 6. Randomizing quantum states to Shatten p -norm for all p ≥ 1 International Nuclear Information System (INIS) Jeong, Kabgyun 2014-01-01 We formularize a method for randomizing quantum states with respect to the Shatten p-norms (p ≥ 1) in trace class. In particular, this work includes the operator norm, p = ∞, and the trace norm, p = 1, simultaneously in a single statement via McDiarmid's inequality and a net construction 7. Analysis of the probability of channel satisfactory state in P2P live ... African Journals Online (AJOL) In this paper a model based on user behaviour of P2P live streaming systems was developed in order to analyse one of the key QoS parameter of such systems, i.e. the probability of channel-satisfactory state, the impact of upload bandwidths and channels' popularity on the probability of channel-satisfactory state was also ... 8. Radiative lifetimes and two-body collisional deactivation rate constants in argon for Kr(4p 55p) and Kr(4p 55p') states International Nuclear Information System (INIS) Chang, R.S.F.; Horiguchi, H.; Setser, D.W. 1980-01-01 The radiative lifetimes and collisional deactivation rate constants, in argon, of eight Kr(4p 5 [ 2 P/sub 1/2/]5p and [ 2 P/sub 3/2/]5p) levels have been measured by a time-resolved laser-induced fluorescence technique in a flowing afterglow apparatus. The measured radiative lifetimes are compared with other experimental values and with theoretical calculations. Radiative branching ratios of these excited states also were measured in order to assign the absolute transition probabilities of the Kr(5p,5p'--5s, 5s') transition array from the radiative lifetimes. In addition to the total deactivation rate constants, product states from two-body collisions between Kr(5p and 5p') atoms and ground state argon atoms were identified from the laser-induced emission spectra, and product formation rate constants were assigned. Two-body intermultiplet transfer from Kr(4p 5 [ 2 P/sub 1/2/]5p) to the Kr(4p 5 [ 2 P/sub 3/2/]4d) levels occurs with ease. Intermultiplet transfer from the lowest level in the (4p 5 5p) configuration to the Kr(4p 5 5s and 5s') manifold was fast despite the large energy defect. However, this was the only Kr(5p) level that gave appreciable transfer to the Kr(5s or 5s') manifold. Generally the favored product states are within a few kT of the entrance channel 9. A multi-state reliability evaluation model for P2P networks International Nuclear Information System (INIS) Fan Hehong; Sun Xiaohan 2010-01-01 The appearance of new service types and the convergence tendency of the communication networks have endowed the networks more and more P2P (peer to peer) properties. These networks can be more robust and tolerant for a series of non-perfect operational states due to the non-deterministic server-client distributions. Thus a reliability model taking into account of the multi-state and non-deterministic server-client distribution properties is needed for appropriate evaluation of the networks. In this paper, two new performance measures are defined to quantify the overall and local states of the networks. A new time-evolving state-transition Monte Carlo (TEST-MC) simulation model is presented for the reliability analysis of P2P networks in multiple states. The results show that the model is not only valid for estimating the traditional binary-state network reliability parameters, but also adequate for acquiring the parameters in a series of non-perfect operational states, with good efficiencies, especially for highly reliable networks. Furthermore, the model is versatile for the reliability and maintainability analyses in that both the links and the nodes can be failure-prone with arbitrary life distributions, and various maintainability schemes can be applied. 10. The pH of beverages in the United States. Science.gov (United States) Reddy, Avanija; Norris, Don F; Momeni, Stephanie S; Waldo, Belinda; Ruby, John D 2016-04-01 Dental erosion is the chemical dissolution of tooth structure in the absence of bacteria when the environment is acidic (pH beverage's erosive potential. In addition, citrate chelation of calcium ions may contribute to erosion at higher pH. The authors of this study determined the erosive potential measured by the pH of commercially available beverages in the United States. The authors purchased 379 beverages from stores in Birmingham, Alabama, and categorized them (for example, juices, sodas, flavored waters, teas, and energy drinks) and assessed their pH. They used a pH meter to measure the pH of each beverage in triplicate immediately after it was opened at a temperature of 25°C. The authors recorded the pH data as mean (standard deviation). Most (93%, 354 of 379) beverages had a pH of less than 4.0, and 7% (25 of 379) had a pH of 4.0 or more. Relative beverage erosivity zones based on studies of apatite solubility in acid indicated that 39% (149 of 379) of the beverages tested in this study were considered extremely erosive (pH beverages in the United States found that most are potentially erosive to the dentition. This study's findings provide dental clinicians and auxiliaries with information regarding the erosive potential of commercially available beverages. Specific dietary recommendations for the prevention of dental erosion may now be developed based on the patient's history of beverage consumption. Copyright © 2016 American Dental Association. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 11. Search for antiproton-nucleus states with (anti p,p) reactions International Nuclear Information System (INIS) Garreta, D.; Birien, P.; Bruge, G.; Chaumeaux, A.; Drake, D.M.; Janouin, S.; Legrand, D.; Lemaire, M.C.; Mayer, B.; Pain, J.; Peng, J.C.; Berrada, M.; Bocquet, J.P.; Monnand, E.; Mougey, J.; Perrin, P. 1985-01-01 We have studied (anti p,p) reactions on 12 C, 63 Cu, and 209 Bi to search for possible nuclear states formed by antiprotons and nuclei. The experiments used the 180 MeV antiproton beam from LEAR, and the high-resolution magnetic spectrometer, SPES II, to detect the outgoing protons. No evidence of antiproton-nucleus states was found. The gross features of the proton spectra are reasonably well described by intranuclear cascade model calculations, which consider proton emission following antiproton annihilations in the target nucleus. (orig.) 12. Exotic baryon pπ+π+ states observation in the π+ppπ+π+π- reaction International Nuclear Information System (INIS) Mikhajlichenko, V.I.; Drutskoj, A.G.; Morgunov, V.L.; Nikitin, S.Ya.; Kiselevich, I.L.; Shidlovskij, A.V. 1987-01-01 Production of exotic baryon states in the π + p→pπ + π + π s - - reaction, the π + meson momentum being 4.23 GeV/c, was observed (where π s - -π - -meson with p * <0). Masses and widths of resonances observed in baryon exchange reactions are 1387±15(8±10), 1581±15(73±15), 1759±13(76±12) and 2074±19(147±41), respectively 13. Revisiting final state interaction in charmless Bq→P P decays Science.gov (United States) Chua, Chun-Khiang 2018-05-01 Various new measurements in charmless Bu ,d ,s→P P modes, where P is a low lying pseudoscalar meson, are reported by Belle and LHCb. These include the rates of B0→π0π0, η π0, Bs→η'η', B0→K+K- and Bs0→π+π- decays. Some of these modes are highly suppressed and are among the rarest B decays. Direct C P asymmetries on various modes are constantly updated. It is well known that direct C P asymmetries and rates of suppressed modes are sensitive to final state interaction (FSI). As new measurements are reported and more data will be collected, it is interesting and timely to revisit the rescattering effects in Bu ,d ,s→P P states. We perform a χ2 analysis with all available data on C P -averaged rates and C P asymmetries in B¯u ,d ,s→P P decays. Our numerical results are compared to data and those from factorization approach. The quality of the fit is improved significantly from the factorization results in the presence of rescattering. The relations on topological amplitudes and rescattering are explored and they help to provide a better understanding of the effects of FSI. As suggested by U(3) symmetry on topological amplitudes and FSI, a vanishing exchange rescattering scenario is considered. The exchange, annihilation, u -penguin, u -penguin annihilation, and some electroweak penguin amplitudes are enhanced significantly via annihilation and total annihilation rescatterings. In particular, the u -penguin annihilation amplitude is sizably enhanced by the tree amplitude via total annihilation rescattering. These enhancements affect rates and C P asymmetries. Predictions can be checked in the near future. 14. Observation of chi(cJ) decaying into the p(p)over-barK(+)K(-) final state NARCIS (Netherlands) Ablikim, M.; Achasov, M. N.; Alberto, D.; An, L.; An, Q.; An, Z. H.; Bai, J. Z.; Baldini, R.; Ban, Y.; Becker, J.; Berger, N.; Bertani, M.; Bian, J. M.; Bondarenko, O.; Boyko, I.; Briere, R. A.; Bytev, V.; Cai, X.; Cao, G. F.; Cao, X. X.; Chang, J. F.; Chelkov, G.; Chen, G.; Chen, H. S.; Chen, J. C.; Chen, M. L.; Chen, S. J.; Chen, Y.; Chen, Y. B.; Cheng, H. P.; Chu, Y. P.; Cronin-Hennessy, D.; Dai, H. L.; Dai, J. P.; Dedovich, D.; Deng, Z. Y.; Denysenko, I.; Destefanis, M.; Ding, Y.; Dong, L. Y.; Dong, M. Y.; Du, S. X.; Fan, R. R.; Fang, J.; Fang, S. S.; Feng, C. Q.; Fu, C. D.; Fu, J. L.; Gao, Y.; Geng, C.; Goetzen, K.; Gong, W. X.; Greco, M.; Grishin, S.; Gu, M. H.; Gu, Y. T.; Guan, Y. H.; Guo, A. Q.; Guo, L. B.; Guo, Y. P.; Hao, X. Q.; Harris, F. A.; He, K. L.; He, M.; He, Z. Y.; Heng, Y. K.; Hou, Z. L.; Hu, H. M.; Hu, J. F.; Hu, T.; Huang, B.; Huang, G. M.; Huang, J. S.; Huang, X. T.; Huang, Y. P.; Hussain, T.; Ji, C. S.; Ji, Q.; Ji, X. B.; Ji, X. L.; Jia, L. K.; Jiang, L. L.; Jiang, X. S.; Jiao, J. B.; Jiao, Z.; Jin, D. P.; Jin, S.; Jing, F. F.; Kalantar-Nayestanaki, N.; Kavatsyuk, M.; Komamiya, S.; Kuehn, W.; Lange, J. S.; Leung, J. K. C.; Li, Cheng; Li, Cui; Li, D. M.; Li, F.; Li, G.; Li, H. B.; Li, J. C.; Li, Lei; Li, N. B.; Li, Q. J.; Li, W. D.; Li, W. G.; Li, X. L.; Li, X. N.; Li, X. Q.; Li, X. R.; Li, Z. B.; Liang, H.; Liang, Y. F.; Liang, Y. T.; Liao, G. R.; Liao, X. T.; Liu, B. J.; Liu, B. J.; Liu, C. L.; Liu, C. X.; Liu, C. Y.; Liu, F. H.; Liu, Fang; Liu, G. C.; Liu, H.; Liu, H. B.; Liu, H. M.; Liu, H. W.; Liu, J. P.; Liu, K.; Liu, K. Y.; Liu, Q.; Liu, S. B.; Liu, X.; Liu, X. H.; Liu, Y. B.; Liu, Y. W.; Liu, Yong; Liu, Z. A.; Liu, Z. Q.; Loehner, H.; Lu, G. R.; Lu, H. J.; Lu, J. G.; Lu, Q. W.; Lu, X. R.; Lu, Y. P.; Luo, C. L.; Luo, M. X.; Luo, T.; Luo, X. L.; Ma, C. L.; Ma, F. C.; Ma, H. L.; Ma, Q. M.; Ma, T.; Ma, X.; Ma, X. Y.; Maggiora, M.; Malik, Q. A.; Mao, H.; Mao, Y. J.; Mao, Z. P.; Messchendorp, J. G.; Min, J.; Mitchell, R. E.; Mo, X. H.; Muchnoi, N. Yu.; Nefedov, Y.; Ning, Z.; Olsen, S. L.; Ouyang, Q.; Pacetti, S.; Pelizaeus, M.; Peters, K.; Ping, J. L.; Ping, R. G.; Poling, R.; Pun, C. S. J.; Qi, M.; Qian, S.; Qiao, C. F.; Qin, X. S.; Qiu, J. F.; Rashid, K. H.; Rong, G.; Ruan, X. D.; Sarantsev, A.; Schulze, J.; Shao, M.; Shen, C. P.; Shen, X. Y.; Sheng, H. Y.; Shepherd, M. R.; Song, X. Y.; Sonoda, S.; Spataro, S.; Spruck, B.; Sun, D. H.; Sun, G. X.; Sun, J. F.; Sun, S. S.; Sun, X. D.; Sun, Y. J.; Sun, Y. Z.; Sun, Z. J.; Sun, Z. T.; Tang, C. J.; Tang, X.; Tang, X. F.; Tian, H. L.; Toth, D.; Varner, G. S.; Wan, X.; Wang, B. Q.; Wang, K.; Wang, L. L.; Wang, L. S.; Wang, M.; Wang, P.; Wang, P. L.; Wang, Q.; Wang, S. G.; Wang, X. L.; Wang, Y. D.; Wang, Y. F.; Wang, Y. Q.; Wang, Z.; Wang, Z. G.; Wang, Z. Y.; Wei, D. H.; Wen, Q. G.; Wen, S. P.; Wiedner, U.; Wu, L. H.; Wu, N.; Wu, W.; Wu, Z.; Xiao, Z. J.; Xie, Y. G.; Xu, G. F.; Xu, G. M.; Xu, H.; Xu, Y.; Xu, Z. R.; Xu, Z. Z.; Xue, Z.; Yan, L.; Yan, W. B.; Yan, Y. H.; Yang, H. X.; Yang, M.; Yang, T.; Yang, Y.; Yang, Y. X.; Ye, M.; Ye, M. H.; Yu, B. X.; Yu, C. X.; Yu, L.; Yuan, C. Z.; Yuan, W. L.; Yuan, Y.; Zafar, A. A.; Zallo, A.; Zeng, Y.; Zhang, B. X.; Zhang, B. Y.; Zhang, C. C.; Zhang, D. H.; Zhang, H. H.; Zhang, H. Y.; Zhang, J.; Zhang, J. W.; Zhang, J. Y.; Zhang, J. Z.; Zhang, L.; Zhang, S. H.; Zhang, T. R.; Zhang, X. J.; Zhang, X. Y.; Zhang, Y.; Zhang, Y. H.; Zhang, Z. P.; Zhang, Z. Y.; Zhao, G.; Zhao, H. S.; Zhao, Jiawei; Zhao, Jingwei; Zhao, Lei; Zhao, Ling; Zhao, M. G.; Zhao, Q.; Zhao, S. J.; Zhao, T. C.; Zhao, X. H.; Zhao, Y. B.; Zhao, Z. G.; Zhao, Z. L.; Zhemchugov, A.; Zheng, B.; Zheng, J. P.; Zheng, Y. H.; Zheng, Z. P.; Zhong, B.; Zhong, J.; Zhong, L.; Zhou, L.; Zhou, X. K.; Zhou, X. R.; Zhu, C.; Zhu, K.; Zhu, K. J.; Zhu, S. H.; Zhu, X. L.; Zhu, X. W.; Zhu, Y. S.; Zhu, Z. A.; Zhuang, J.; Zou, B. S.; Zou, J. H.; Zuo, J. X.; Zweber, P. 2011-01-01 First measurements of the decays of the three chi(cJ) states to p (p) over barK(+)K(-) final states are presented. Intermediate phi -> K+K- and Lambda(1520) -> pK(-) resonance states are observed, and branching fractions for chi(cJ) -> (p) over barK(+) Lambda(1520), Lambda(1520)(Lambda) over bar 15. Mass shift of charmonium states in p bar A collision Science.gov (United States) Wolf, György; Balassa, Gábor; Kovács, Péter; Zétényi, Miklós; Lee, Su Houng 2018-05-01 The masses of the low lying charmonium states, namely, the J / Ψ, Ψ (3686), and Ψ (3770) are shifted downwards due to the second order Stark effect. In p bar +Au collisions at 6-10 GeV we study their in-medium propagation. The time evolution of the spectral functions of these charmonium states is studied with a Boltzmann-Uehling-Uhlenbeck (BUU) type transport model. We show that their in-medium mass shift can be observed in the dilepton spectrum. Therefore, by observing the dileptonic decay channel of these low lying charmonium states, especially for Ψ (3686), we can gain information about the magnitude of the gluon condensate in nuclear matter. This measurement could be performed at the upcoming PANDA experiment at FAIR. 16. Study of $\\pi^{-}p$ interactions with neutral final states CERN Document Server 2002-01-01 This experiment is a study of the production of neutral particles or states decaying into photons in the reaction $\\pi^{-} + p \\rightarrow M^{0} + n$ at SPS energies. \\\\ \\\\ Special attention is paid to the measurement of the production of heavy particles with hidden quantum numbers and of possible new heavy spinless states decaying into two photons. \\\\ \\\\ The large four-momentum transfer behaviour of binary processes involving known neutral mesons and the production of new meson resonances with high mass and spin will also be studied. Complex multiparticle final states will be analysed as a by-product.\\\\ \\\\ The central unit of the experimental set-up is a 4000 cell Cerenkov hodoscope spectrometer (GAMS) which allows the measurement of the momentum vector of each $\\gamma$ in a multigamma event. \\\\ \\\\ The longitudinal position of the interaction point in the liquid hydrogen target is measured by the Cerenkov light intensity. \\\\ \\\\ A guard system, made of scintillation counters and lead-glass Cerenkov counters, ... 17. Photoionization from the 6p 2P3/2 state of neutral cesium International Nuclear Information System (INIS) 2010-01-01 We report the photoionization studies of cesium from the 6p 2 P 3/2 excited state to measure the photoionization cross section at and above the first ionization threshold, oscillator strength of the highly excited transitions, and extension in the Rydberg series. The photoionization cross section at the first ionization threshold is measured as 25 (4) Mb and at excess energies 0.02, 0.04, 0.07, and 0.09 eV as 21, 19, 17, and 16 Mb, respectively. Oscillator strength of the 6p 2 P 3/2 → nd 2 D 5/2 (23 ≤ n ≤ 60) Rydberg transitions has been extracted utilizing the threshold value of photoionization cross section and the recorded nd 2 D 5/2 photoionization spectra. 18. Beam experiments with state selected Ne (3P0, 3P2) metastable atoms International Nuclear Information System (INIS) Verheijen, M.J. 1984-01-01 Metastable rare gas atoms play an important role in all types of plasmas and gas discharges, e.g. in fluorescent lamps and in laser discharges (helium-neon laser or excimer lasers). In this thesis, the metastable states of NeI are studied. First, the theory of excited neon atoms and diatomic molecules is introduced, as well as Penning ionisation. Next, some experimental facilities are described (e.g. the dye laser system). With these instruments, natural lifetime measurements of the 2p fine structure states of NeI are carried out. Results are reported. Finally, total Penning ionisation cross sections are calculated using the optical potential model. (Auth.) 19. An interesting charmonium state formation and decay: p p-bar → 1 D2 → 1 P International Nuclear Information System (INIS) Anselmino, M.; Caruso, F.; Universidade do Estado, Rio de Janeiro, RJ; Murgia, F.; Negrao, M.R. 1994-01-01 Massless perturbative QCD forbids, at leading order, the exclusive annihilation of proton-antiproton into some charmonium states, which however, have been observed in the pp channel, indicating the significance of higher order and non perturbative effects in the few GeV energy region. The most well known cases are those of the 1 S 0 (η c ) and the 1 P 1 . The case of the 1 D 2 is considered here and a way of detecting such a state through its typical angular distribution in the radiative decay 1 D 2 -> 1 D 2 -> 1 P 1 γ is suggested. Estimates of the branching ratio BR( 1 D 2 ->pp), as given by a quark-diquark model of the nucleon, mass corrections and an instanton induced process are presented. (author). 15 refs 20. Hopping conductivity via deep impurity states in InP International Nuclear Information System (INIS) Kuznetsov, V.P.; Messerer, M.A.; Omel'yanovskij, Eh.M. 1984-01-01 Hopping (epsilon 3 ) and Mott conductivities via deep impurity compounds with localization radius below 10 A have been studied using as an example Mn in InP. It is shown, that the existing theory of hopping conductivity in low-alloyed semiconductors with Na 3 << 1 can be Used for the case of deep centres as successfully as for the case of insignificant hydrogen-like impurities. Fundamental parameters of the theory: localization radius of wave function of deep impurities, state density near the Fermi level, mean hop length, are determined 1. A charged 3P superfluid in the ABM states International Nuclear Information System (INIS) Ohmi, Tetsuo; Nakahara, Mikio; Tsuneto, Toshihiko 1980-01-01 Magnetic properties of a charged 3 P superfluid in the ABM states are studied in the framework of the Ginzburg-Landau theory. A non-singular vortex in a cylindrical sample, similar to the Mermin-Ho structure in the superfluid 3 He-A, is considered. In particular, the analytic solutions for the order parameter and the magnetic field are obtained in the limit lambda sub(L)/R → 0, where lambda sub(L) is the penetration depth and R the radius of the cylinder. The possibility of a non-singular vortex lattice is also discussed. (author) 2. Inclusive production of the $X(4140)$ state in $p \\overline p$ collisions at D0 CERN Document Server 2015-12-02 We present a study of the inclusive production of the $X(4140)$ with the decay to the $J/\\psi \\phi$ final state in hadronic collisions. Based on $10.4~\\rm{fb^{-1}}$ of $p \\overline p$ collision data collected by the D0 experiment at the Fermilab Tevatron collider, we report the first evidence for the prompt production of $X(4140)$ and find the fraction of $X(4140)$ events originating from $b$ hadrons to be $f_b=0.39\\pm 0.07 {\\rm \\thinspace (stat)} \\pm 0.10 {\\rm \\thinspace (syst)}$. The ratio of the non-prompt $X(4140)$ production rate to the $B_s^0$ yield in the same channel is $R=0.19 \\pm 0.05 {\\rm \\thinspace (stat)} \\pm 0.07 {\\rm \\thinspace (syst)}$. The values of the mass $M=4152.5 \\pm 1.7 (\\rm {stat}) ^{+6.2}_{-5.4} {\\rm \\thinspace (syst)}$~MeV and width $\\Gamma=16.3 \\pm 5.6 {\\rm \\thinspace (stat)} \\pm 11.4 {\\rm \\thinspace (syst)}$~MeV are consistent with previous measurements. 8 pages, 2 figues 3. Some new effects of the deuteron D state observed in (p,d) and (d,p) reactions International Nuclear Information System (INIS) Ohnuma, Hajime 1980-01-01 Two previously unexplored experiments have revealed the importance of the deuteron D-state effects on (p,d) and (d,p) reactions at moderate energies. Firstly, a clear indication of the deuteron D-state effects on the polarization of the residual nuclear state has been observed in the 58 Ni(p,dγ) angular correlation measurement at E sub(p) = 30 MeV. Secondly, a comparison of the vector analyzing power and vector polarization measured at E sub(d) = 22 MeV for an l = 0 (d,p) transition has shown that the D state has significant effects even on the first-rank polarization quantities. The experimental data and the results of exact-finite-range DWBA calculations with Reid soft-core potential are presented. (author) 4. Search for 1+ and 0+ states in π-p International Nuclear Information System (INIS) Stanton, N.R. 1975-01-01 The reactions π - p → π + π - π 0 n and π - p → π + π - π 0 n are studied with high statistics at 6 and 8.5 GeV/c. The ω, eta, and rho - were observed. Cross sections are also discussed and scatter plots and mass spectra are shown 5. Bottomonium spectroscopy and radiative transitions involving the chi(bJ)(1P, 2P) states at BABAR NARCIS (Netherlands) Lees, J. P.; Poireau, V.; Tisserand, V.; Grauges, E.; Palano, A.; Eigen, G.; Stugu, B.; Brown, D. N.; Kerth, L. T.; Kolomensky, Yu. G.; Lynch, G.; Schroeder, T.; Hearty, C.; Mattison, T. S.; McKenna, J. A.; So, R. Y.; Khan, A.; Blinov, V. E.; Buzykaev, A. R.; Druzhinin, V. P.; Golubev, V. B.; Kravchenko, E. A.; Onuchin, A. P.; Serednyakov, S. I.; Skovpen, Yu. I.; Solodov, E. P.; Todyshev, K. Yu.; Lankford, A. J.; Mandelkern, M.; Dey, B.; Gary, J. W.; Long, O.; Campagnari, C.; Sevilla, M. Franco; Hong, T. M.; Kovalskyi, D.; Richman, J. D.; West, C. A.; Eisner, A. M.; Lockman, W. S.; Vazquez, W. Panduro; Schumm, B. A.; Seiden, A.; Chao, D. S.; Echenard, B.; Flood, K. T.; Hitlin, D. G.; Miyashita, T. S.; Ongmongkolkul, P.; Roehrken, M.; Andreassen, R.; Huard, Z.; Meadows, B. T.; Pushpawela, B. G.; Sokoloff, M. D.; Sun, L.; Bloom, P. C.; Ford, W. T.; Gaz, A.; Smith, J. G.; Wagner, S. R.; Ayad, R.; Toki, W. H.; Spaan, B.; Bernard, D.; Verderi, M.; Playfer, S.; Bettoni, D.; Bozzi, C.; Calabrese, R.; Cibinetto, G.; Fioravanti, E.; Garzia, I.; Luppi, E.; Piemontese, L.; Santoro, V.; Calcaterra, A.; de Sangro, R.; Finocchiaro, G.; Martellotti, S.; Patteri, P.; Peruzzi, I. M.; Piccolo, M.; Rama, M.; Zallo, A.; Contri, R.; Lo Vetere, M.; Monge, M. R.; Passaggio, S.; Patrignani, C.; Robutti, E.; Bhuyan, B.; Prasad, V.; Adametz, A.; Uwer, U.; Lacker, M.; Dauncey, P. D.; Mallik, U.; Cochran, J.; Prell, S.; Ahmed, H.; Gritsan, A. V.; Arnaud, N.; Davier, M.; Derkach, D.; Grosdidier, G.; Le Diberder, F.; Lutz, A. M.; Malaescu, B.; Roudeau, P.; Stocchi, A.; Wormser, G.; Lange, D. J.; Wright, D. M.; Coleman, J. P.; Fry, J. R.; Gabathuler, E.; Hutchcroft, D. E.; Payne, D. J.; Touramanis, C.; Bevan, A. J.; Di Lodovico, F.; Sacco, R.; Cowan, G.; Bougher, J.; Brown, D. N.; Davis, C. L.; Denig, A. G.; Fritsch, M.; Gradl, W.; Griessinger, K.; Hafner, A.; Schubert, K. R.; Barlow, R. J.; Lafferty, G. D.; Cenci, R.; Hamilton, B.; Jawahery, A.; Roberts, D. A.; Cowan, R.; Sciolla, G.; Cheaib, R.; Patel, P. M.; Robertson, S. H.; Neri, N.; Palombo, F.; Cremaldi, L.; Godang, R.; Sonnek, P.; Summers, D. J.; Simard, M.; Taras, P.; De Nardo, G.; Onorato, G.; Sciacca, C.; Martinelli, M.; Raven, G.; Jessop, C. P.; LoSecco, J. M.; Honscheid, K.; Kass, R.; Feltresi, E.; Margoni, M.; Morandin, M.; Posocco, M.; Rotondo, M.; Simi, G.; Simonetto, F.; Stroili, R.; Akar, S.; Ben-Haim, E.; Bomben, M.; Bonneaud, G. R.; Briand, H.; Calderini, G.; Chauveau, J.; Leruste, Ph.; Marchiori, G.; Ocariz, J.; Biasini, M.; Manoni, E.; Pacetti, S.; Rossi, A.; Angelini, C.; Batignani, G.; Bettarini, S.; Carpinelli, M.; Casarosa, G.; Cervelli, A.; Chrzaszcz, M.; Forti, F.; Giorgi, M. A.; Lusiani, A.; Oberhof, B.; Paoloni, E.; Perez, A.; Rizzo, G.; Walsh, J. J.; Pegna, D. Lopes; Olsen, J.; Smith, A. J. S.; Faccini, R.; Ferrarotto, F.; Ferroni, F.; Gaspero, M.; Gioi, L. Li; Pilloni, A.; Piredda, G.; Buenger, C.; Dittrich, S.; Gruenber, O.; Hess, M.; Leddig, T.; Voss, C.; Waldi, R.; Adye, T.; Olaiya, E. O.; Wilson, F. F.; Emery, S.; Vasseur, G.; Anulli, F.; Aston, D.; Bard, D. J.; Cartaro, C.; Convery, M. R.; Dorfan, J.; Dubois-Felsmann, G. P.; Dunwoodie, W.; Ebert, M.; Field, R. C.; Fulsom, B. G.; Graham, M. T.; Hast, C.; Innes, W. R.; Kim, P.; Leith, D. W. G. S.; Lewis, P.; Lindemann, D.; Luitz, S.; Luth, V.; Lynch, H. L.; MacFarlane, D. B.; Muller, D. R.; Neal, H.; Perl, M.; Pulliam, T.; Ratcliff, B. N.; Roodman, A.; Salnikov, A. A.; Schindler, R. H.; Snyder, A.; Su, D.; Sullivan, M. K.; Va'vra, J.; Wisniewski, W. J.; Wulsin, H. W.; Purohit, M. V.; White, R. M.; Wilson, J. R.; Randle-Conde, A.; Sekula, S. J.; Bellis, M.; Burchat, P. R.; Puccio, E. M. T.; Alam, M. S.; Ernst, J. A.; Gorodeisky, R.; Guttman, N.; Peimer, D. R.; Soffer, A.; Spanier, S. M.; Ritchie, J. L.; Ruland, A. M.; Schwitters, R. F.; Wray, B. C.; Izen, J. M.; Lou, X. C.; Bianchi, F.; De Mori, F.; Filippi, A.; Gamba, D.; Lanceri, L.; Vitale, L.; Martinez-Vidal, F.; Oyanguren, A.; Villanueva-Perez, P.; Albert, J.; Banerjee, Sw.; Beaulieu, A.; Bernlochner, F. U.; Choi, H. H. F.; Kowalewski, R.; Lewczuk, M. J.; Lueck, T.; Nugent, I. M.; Roney, J. M.; Sobie, R. J.; Tasneem, N.; Gershon, T. J.; Harrison, P. F.; Latham, T. E.; Band, H. R.; Dasu, S.; Pan, Y.; Prepost, R. 2014-01-01 We use (121±1) million Υ(3S) and (98±1) million Υ(2S) mesons recorded by the BABAR detector at the PEP-II e+e− collider at SLAC to perform a study of radiative transitions involving the χbJ(1P,2P) states in exclusive decays with μ+μ−γγ final states. We reconstruct twelve channels in four cascades 6. A Ground State Tri-pí-Methane Rearrangement Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database Zimmerman, H. E.; Církva, Vladimír; Jiang, L. 2000-01-01 Roč. 41, č. 49 (2000), s. 9585-9587 ISSN 0040-4039 Institutional research plan: CEZ:AV0Z4072921 Keywords : tri-pi-methane * ground state Subject RIV: CC - Organic Chemistry Impact factor: 2.558, year: 2000 7. 31P Solid-state MAS NMR spectra International Nuclear Information System (INIS) Grobet, P.J.; Geerts, H.; Martens, J.A.; Jacobs, P.A. 1989-01-01 The structures of the silicoaluminiophosphates MCM-1 and MCM9 were characterized by 27 Al and 31 P MAS NMR. The structural identity of MCM-1 and its silicon-free homologue AlPO 4 -H 3 is demonstrated. The presence of a structural mixture in MCM-9 is confirmed. 31 P MAS NMR spectra of MCM-9 could be interpreted as a superposition of spectra of VPI-5, AlPO 4 -H 3 and SAPO-11 phases. (author). 12 refs.; 3 figs.; 1 tab 8. Highly Perturbed pKa Values in the Unfolded State of Hen Egg White Lysozyme OpenAIRE Bradley, John; O'Meara, Fergal; Farrell, Damien; Nielsen, Jens Erik 2012-01-01 The majority of pKa values in protein unfolded states are close to the amino acid model pKa values, thus reflecting the weak intramolecular interactions present in the unfolded ensemble of most proteins. We have carried out thermal denaturation measurements on the WT and eight mutants of HEWL from pH 1.5 to pH 11.0 to examine the unfolded state pKa values and the pH dependence of protein stability for this enzyme. The availability of accurate pKa values for the folded state of HEWL and separa... 9. Magnetic manipulation of topological states in p-wave superconductors DEFF Research Database (Denmark) Mercaldo, Maria Teresa; Cuoco, Mario; Kotetes, Panagiotis 2018-01-01 Substantial experimental investigation has provided evidence for spin-triplet pairing in diverse classes of materials and in a variety of artificial heterostructures. One of the fundamental challenges in this framework is how to manipulate the topological behavior of p-wave superconductors (PSC... 10. analysis of the probability of channel satisfactory state in p2p live African Journals Online (AJOL) userpc churn and bits flow was modelled as fluid flow. The applicability of the theory of probability was deduced from Kelly (1991). Section II of the paper provides the model of. P2P live streaming systems taking into account peer behaviour and expression was obtained for the computation of the probability of channel- satisfactory ... 11. On mechanism of Ar(3p54p) states excitation in low-energy Ar-Ar collisions International Nuclear Information System (INIS) Kurskov, S Y; Kashuba, A S 2009-01-01 The present work is devoted to study of Ar(3p 5 4p) states excitation in binary low-energy Ar-Ar collisions. The results of the experimental investigation of excitation cross sections of Ar I 4p'[l/2] 1 , 4p'[3/2] 1 , 4p'[3/2] 2 and 4p[3/2] 2 levels in the collision energy range from threshold up to 500 eV (cm) and degree of polarization for 4s[3/2] 2 0 -4p'[l/2] 1 and 4s[3/2] 2 0 -4p[3/2] 2 transitions in this energy range are represented. 12. Precision measurements of charmonium states formed in p bar p annihilation International Nuclear Information System (INIS) Armstrong, T.A.; Bettoni, D.; Bharadwaj, V.; Biino, C.; Borreani, G.; Broemmelsiek, D.; Buzzo, A.; Calabrese, R.; Ceccucci, A.; Cester, R.; Church, M.D.; Dalpiaz, P.; Dalpiaz, P.F.; Fast, J.E.; Ferroni, S.; Ginsburg, C.M.; Gollwitzer, K.E.; Hahn, A.A.; Hasan, M.A.; Hsueh, S.Y.; Lewis, R.A.; Luppi, E.; Macrriaa, M.; Majewska, A.; Mandelkern, M.A.; Marchetto, F.; Marinelli, M.; Marques, J.L.; Marsh, W.; Martini, M.; Masuzawa, M.; Menichetti, E.; Migliori, A.; Mussa, R.; Palestini, S.; Pastrone, N.; Patrignani, C.; Peoples, J. Jr.; Pesando, L.; Petrucci, F.; Pia, M.G.; Pordes, S.; Rapidis, P.A.; Ray, R.E.; Reid, J.D.; Rinaudo, G.; Rosen, J.L.; Santroni, A.; Sarmiento, M.; Savrie, M.; Schultz, J.; Seth, K.K.; Smith, G.A.; Tecchio, L.; Tommasini, F.; Trokenheim, S.; Weber, M.F.; Werkema, S.J.; Zhao, J.L.; Zito, M. 1992-01-01 Fermilab experiment E-760 studies the resonant formation of charmonium states in proton-antiproton interactions using a hydrogen gas-jet target in the Antiproton Accumulator ring at Fermilab. Precision measurements of the mass and width of the charmonium states χ c1 ,χ c2 , a direct measurement of the ψ' width, and a new precision measurement of the J/ψ mass are presented 13. Search for $B_c^+$ decays to the $p\\overline p\\pi^+$ final state CERN Document Server 2016-08-10 A search for the decays of the $B_c^+$ meson to $p\\overline p\\pi^+$ is performed for the first time using a data sample corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 3.0 $\\mathrm{fb}^{-1}$ collected by the LHCb experiment in $pp$ collisions at centre-of-mass energies of $7$ and $8$ TeV. No signal is found and an upper limit, at 95$\\%$ confidence level, is set, $\\frac{f_c}{f_u}\\times\\mathcal{B}(B_c^+\\to p\\overline p\\pi^+)<3.6\\times10^{-8}$ in the kinematic region $m(p\\overline p)<2.85\\mathrm{\\,Ge\\kern -0.1em V\\!/}c^2$, $p_{\\rm T}(B)<20\\mathrm{\\,Ge\\kern -0.1em V\\!/}c$ and $2.0< {y}(B)<4.5$, where $\\mathcal{B}$ is the branching fraction and $f_c$ ($f_u$) is the fragmentation fraction of the $b$ quark into a $B_c^+$ ($B^+$) meson. 14. High spin states in the f-p shell International Nuclear Information System (INIS) Delaunay, J. 1975-01-01 The high spin states (HSS) in Fe, Co, Ni (Z=26,27,28) isotopes exhibit features characteristics of soft or transition nuclei, 56 Fe being as well deformed prolate nucleus and the Ni isotopes often throught of as spherical. The methodology used to identify these HSS is the so called DCO (directional correlation of oriented nuclei) or ratio method which, by combining the angular distribution data plus one point of a triple γ-γ correlation in an asymmetric geometry, gives result that is found equivalent to a complete angular correlation to assign spin and mixing ratios. Some results collected with this methodology are presented [fr 15. Evidence of the 2s2p(1P) doubly excited state in the harmonic generation spectrum of helium International Nuclear Information System (INIS) Ngoko Djiokap, J. M.; Starace, Anthony F. 2011-01-01 By solving the two-active-electron time-dependent Schroedinger equation in an intense, ultrashort laser field, we investigate evidence of electron correlations in the high-order harmonic generation spectrum of helium. As the frequency of the driving laser pulse varies from 4.6 to 6.6 eV, the 13th, 11th, and 9th harmonics sequentially become resonant with the transition between the ground state and the isolated 2s2p( 1 P) autoionizing state of helium, which dramatically enhances these harmonics and changes their profiles. When each of the 9th and 13th harmonics are in resonance with this autoionizing state, there is also a low-order multiphoton resonance with a Rydberg state, resulting in a particularly large enhancement of these harmonics relative to neighboring harmonics. When the 11th harmonic is in resonance with the 2s2p( 1 P) autoionizing state, the 13th harmonic is simultaneously in resonance with numerous higher-energy autoionizing states, resulting in a competition between these two harmonics for intensity. These results demonstrate that even electron correlations occurring over a narrow energy interval can have a significant effect on strong-field processes such as harmonic generation. 16. Search for narrow p states in the reaction pi /sup -/p to p pi /sup - /pp at 16 GeV/c CERN Document Server Chung, S U; Bensinger, J; Button-Shafer, J; Dhar, S; Dowd, J; Etkin, A; Fernow, R; Foley, K; Goldman, J H; Kern, W; Kirk, H; Kopp, J; Kramer, M A; Lesnik, A; Lichti, R; Lindenbaum, S J; Love, W; Mallik, U; Morris, T; Morris, W; Ozaki, S; Platner, E; Protopopescu, S D; Saulys, A; Weygand, D P; Wheeler, C D; Willen, E; Winik, M 1981-01-01 The authors have carried out a sensitive (>or approximately=5 events /nb) search for narrow pp states at the BNL Multiparticle Spectrometer. They found no evidence of narrow pp states at 2020 and 2200 MeV in the reaction pi /sup -/p to p pi /sup -/pp at 16 GeV/c. The authors quote 2 sigma upper limits of or approximately=5 sigma signals at 2020 and 2200 MeV. (5 refs). 17. P-V-T equation of state of rhodium oxyhydroxide Science.gov (United States) Suzuki, Akio 2018-04-01 A high pressure X-ray diffraction study of RhOOH was carried out up to 17.44 GPa to investigate the compression behavior of an oxyhydroxide with an InOOH-related structure. A fit to the third-order Birch-Murnaghan equation of state gave K0 = 208 ± 6 GPa, and K‧ = 9.4 ± 1.3. The temperature derivative of the bulk modulus was found to be ∂K/∂T = -0.06 ± 0.02 GPa K-1. The refined parameters for volume thermal expansion were α0 = 2.7 ± 0.3 × 10-5 K-1; α1 = 1.7 ± 1.1 × 10-8 K-2 in the polynomial form (α(T) = α0 + α1(T-300)). Our results show that RhOOH is very incompressible, and has a higher bulk modulus than other InOOH-structured oxyhydroxides (e.g. δ-AlOOH, ε-FeOOH, and γ-MnOOH). 18. Protonium spectrosopy and identification of P-wave and S-wave initial states of p-p annihilations at rest with the ASTERIX experiment at LEAR International Nuclear Information System (INIS) Gastaldi, U.; Ahmad, S.; Amsler, C. 1984-01-01 This chapter discusses an experiment designed to study the general features of p - p interactions at rest, to extend work done in the spectroscopy of light mesons produced in p - p annihilations at rest, and to search with high sensitivity for gluonium, qq - qq baryonium structures and NN states bound by strong interactions. The effect of using a gas target and a large acceptance X-ray detector is examined. The rate and the signature of antiprotons stopping in the gas target are investigated. Topics covered include the protonium cascade and spectroscopy; a comparison of S-wave and P-wave p - p annihilations at rest; - p stop and the formation of p - p atoms; the x-ray detector (projection chamber, electronics, tests); and examples of estimations of signal and background (protonium spectroscopy, search of resonances in P-wave annihilations, search of resonances in S-wave annihilations). The distinctive features of the ASTERIX experiment are the use of a gaseous H 2 target instead of a conventional liquid H 2 one; an X-ray detector of large overall detection efficiency, low energy threshold and low background rate that enables identification of P-wave and S-wave annihilation events from 2P and 1S levels of protonium; a detection system for the products of p - p annihilations; and a trigger system that enables filtration of the acquisition of events by means of two independent chains of processors working in parallel 19. Tissue P Systems With Channel States Working in the Flat Maximally Parallel Way. Science.gov (United States) Song, Bosheng; Perez-Jimenez, Mario J; Paun, Gheorghe; Pan, Linqiang 2016-10-01 Tissue P systems with channel states are a class of bio-inspired parallel computational models, where rules are used in a sequential manner (on each channel, at most one rule can be used at each step). In this work, tissue P systems with channel states working in a flat maximally parallel way are considered, where at each step, on each channel, a maximal set of applicable rules that pass from a given state to a unique next state, is chosen and each rule in the set is applied once. The computational power of such P systems is investigated. Specifically, it is proved that tissue P systems with channel states and antiport rules of length two are able to compute Parikh sets of finite languages, and such P systems with one cell and noncooperative symport rules can compute at least all Parikh sets of matrix languages. Some Turing universality results are also provided. Moreover, the NP-complete problem SAT is solved by tissue P systems with channel states, cell division and noncooperative symport rules working in the flat maximally parallel way; nevertheless, if channel states are not used, then such P systems working in the flat maximally parallel way can solve only tractable problems. These results show that channel states provide a frontier of tractability between efficiency and non-efficiency in the framework of tissue P systems with cell division (assuming P ≠ NP ). 20. The continuing saga of the /sup 1/P/sub 1/ (q-barq) mesonic states International Nuclear Information System (INIS) Dalitz, R.H.; Tuan, S.F. 1986-01-01 The mesonic states predicted by the quark model to have the structure (q-barq) do not allow all combinations possible for the quantum numbers (JPC). The happy situation for the /sup 3/P/sub J/ states does not hold for the /sup 1/P/sub 1/ state. The experimenter is therefore faced by a double difficulty, the difficulty of forming the /sup 1/P/sub 1/ through the channels available to him and the difficulty of detecting the /sup 1/P/sub 1/ state when it is formed. The difficulty about the detection and study of /sup 1/P/sub 1/ states is not intrinsic but circumstantial. It is not intrinsic because the B-meson is readily produced and studied, the same being true for Q/sub B/, although this has been a more confused situation because of the mixing between the Q/sub A/ and Q/sub B/ states. Porter has devoted considerable attention to the search for the /sup 1/P/sub 1/ (c-barc) state and the authors outline that discussion in this paper. They also describe the formation of the state Psi' (3685), since this has a large cross section in e/sup +/e/sup -/ annihilation, and to look for the /sup 1/P/sub 1/ state as a product among its decay modes 1. An Asynchronous P300 BCI With SSVEP-Based Control State Detection DEFF Research Database (Denmark) 2011-01-01 In this paper, an asynchronous brain–computer interface (BCI) system combining the P300 and steady-state visually evoked potentials (SSVEPs) paradigms is proposed. The information transfer is accomplished using P300 event-related potential paradigm and the control state (CS) detection is achieved... 2. Microwave spectroscopy of the 1 s n p P3J fine structure of high Rydberg states in 4He Science.gov (United States) Deller, A.; Hogan, S. D. 2018-01-01 The 1 s n p P3J fine structure of high Rydberg states in helium has been measured by microwave spectroscopy of single-photon transitions from 1 s n s S31 levels in pulsed supersonic beams. For states with principal quantum numbers in the range from n =34 to 36, the J =0 →2 and J =1 →2 fine structure intervals were both observed. For values of n between 45 and 51 only the larger J =0 →2 interval was resolved. The experimental results are in good agreement with theoretical predictions. Detailed characterization of residual uncanceled electric and magnetic fields in the experimental apparatus and calculations of the Stark and Zeeman structures of the Rydberg states in weak fields were used to quantify systematic contributions to the uncertainties in the measurements. 3. Theoretical observation of two state lasing from InAs/InP quantum-dash lasers KAUST Repository Khan, Mohammed Zahed Mustafa 2011-09-01 The effect of cavity length on the lasing wavelength of InAs/InP quantum dash (Qdash) laser is examined using the carrier-photon rate equation model including the carrier relaxation process from the Qdash ground state and excited state. Both, homogeneous and inhomogeneous broadening has been incorporated in the model. We show that ground state lasing occurs with longer cavity lasers and excited state lasing occurs from relatively short cavity lasers. © 2011 IEEE. 4. Strong decays of the 1 P and 2 D doubly charmed states Science.gov (United States) Xiao, Li-Ye; Lü, Qi-Fang; Zhu, Shi-Lin 2018-04-01 We perform a systematical investigation of the strong decay properties of the low-lying 1 P - and 2 D -wave doubly charmed baryons with the 3P0 quark pair creation model. The main predictions include: (i) in the Ξc c and Ωc c family, the 1 P ρ mode excitations with JP=1 /2- and 3 /2- should be the fairly narrow states, while, for the 1 P λ mode excitations, they are most likely to be moderate states with a width of Γ ˜100 MeV . (ii) The 2 Dρ ρ states mainly decay via emitting a heavy-light meson and the decay widths can reach several tens MeV if their masses are above the threshold of ΛcD or ΞcD , respectively. The 2 Dλ λ states may be broad states with a width of Γ >100 MeV . 5. Split degenerate states and stable p+ip phases from holography Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB) Nie, Zhang-Yu; Zeng, Hui [Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming (China); Key Laboratory of Theoretical Physics, Institute of Theoretical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing (China); Pan, Qiyuan [Hunan Normal Univ., Key Lab. of Low Dimensional Quantum Structures and Quantum Control of Ministry of Education, and Synergetic Innovation Center for Quantum Effects and Applications, Dept. of Physics, Changsha (China); Zeng, Hua-Bi [Yangzhou University, College of Physics Science and Technology, Yangzhou, Jiangsu (China); National Central University, Department of Physics, Chungli (China) 2017-02-15 In this paper, we investigate the p+ip superfluid phases in the complex vector field holographic p-wave model. We find that in the probe limit, the p+ip phase and the p-wave phase are equally stable, hence the p and ip orders can be mixed with an arbitrary ratio to form more general p+λip phases, which are also equally stable with the p-wave and p+ip phases. As a result, the system possesses a degenerate thermal state in the superfluid region. We further study the case on considering the back-reaction on the metric, and we find that the degenerate ground states will be separated into p-wave and p+ip phases, and the p-wave phase is more stable. Finally, due to the different critical temperature of the zeroth order phase transitions from p-wave and p+ip phases to the normal phase, there is a temperature region where the p+ip phase exists but the p-wave phase does not. In this region we find the stable holographic p+ip phase for the first time. (orig.) 6. Probing the 8He ground state via the 8He(p,t)6He reaction International Nuclear Information System (INIS) Keeley, N.; Skaza, F.; Lapoux, V.; Alamanos, N.; Auger, F.; Beaumel, D.; Becheva, E.; Blumenfeld, Y.; Delaunay, F.; Drouart, A.; Gillibert, A.; Giot, L.; Kemper, K.W.; Nalpas, L.; Pakou, A.; Pollacco, E.C.; Raabe, R.; Roussel-Chomaz, P.; Rusek, K.; Scarpaci, J.-A.; Sida, J.-L.; Stepantsov, S.; Wolski, R. 2007-01-01 The weakly-bound 8 He nucleus exhibits a neutron halo or thick neutron skin and is generally considered to have an α+4n structure in its ground state, with the four valence neutrons each occupying 1p 3/2 states outside the α core. The 8 He(p,t) 6 He reaction is a sensitive probe of the ground state structure of 8 He, and we present a consistent analysis of new and existing data for this reaction at incident energies of 15.7 and 61.3A MeV, respectively. Our results are incompatible with the usual assumption of a pure (1p 3/2 ) 4 structure and suggest that other configurations such as (1p 3/2 ) 2 (1p 1/2 ) 2 may be present with significant probability in the ground state wave function of 8 He 7. About the nonclassicality of states defined by nonpositivity of the P-quasiprobability International Nuclear Information System (INIS) Wuensche, Alfred 2004-01-01 The definition of nonclassical states in quantum optics by the nonpositivity of their Glauber-Sudarshan quasiprobability P(α,α * )-P(q,p) is investigated and it is shown that it hides some serious problems. It leads to a subdivision of squeezed thermal states into classical and nonclassical states which is difficult to interpret physically by some qualitatively different behaviour of the states. Nonclassical states are found in arbitrarily small neighbourhoods of every classical state that is illustrated by a very artificial modified thermal state. The observability of the criterion in comparison to that for nonclassicality of states determined by the nearest Hilbert-Schmidt distance to a class of reference states is discussed. The behaviour of the nonclassicality of states in models of phase-insensitive processes of damping and amplification is investigated and it is found that every nonclassical state eventually makes a transition to a classical state. However, this is not specific for the negativities or singularities of the Glauber-Sudarshan quasiprobability and is found in similar form for other quasiprobabilities, for example, for the Wigner quasiprobability. We discuss in quite general form some defects of the Glauber-Sudarshan quasiprobability if compared with classical distribution functions over the phase space, in particular the failure of an earlier advertised superposition formula 8. Strongly perturbed Rydberg series originating from Kr II 4p45s ionic states International Nuclear Information System (INIS) Petrov, I.D.; Demekhin, P.V.; Lagutin, B.M.; Sukhorukov, V.L.; Kammer, S.; Mickat, S.; Schartner, K.-H.; Ehresmann, A.; Klumpp, S.; Werner, L.; Schmoranzer, H. 2004-01-01 Full text:Dispersed fluorescence excitation spectra for KrII fluorescence transitions to the 4p 4 5s 4 P 3/2 , 5/2 states were observed after excitation out of the KrI ground state with photons of energies between 28.4 eV and 28.7 eV and very narrow exciting-photon bandwidth of 1.7 meV. With this energy resolution it was possible to observe Rydberg series of doubly excited atomic states. The observed series were assigned to the states 4p 4 5s( 4 P 1/2 )np and 4p 4 5s( 2 P 3/2 )np ,based on calculations performed within theory taking into account interaction between many resonances and many continua. Calculated and measured cross sections are compared for the 4p - level (upper panel, ion yield) and for the 4p 4 5s 4 P 5/2 level (lower panel). An analysis of the computed photoionization (PI) cross sections shows that high - n members of Rydberg series are strongly perturbed by interaction with low - n ones of other series. In particular, the series shown are well pronounced because they borrow intensity from the low - n 4p 4 5s( 2 D 5/2 )6p 3/2 doublyexcited state. The above Rydberg series are predicted to be observable in photoelectron experiments, too. FIG. 1 shows, e.g., that members of the 4p 4 5s( 2 P 3/2 )np series starting from n 14 could also be observed in the 4p 4 5s 4P 1/2 observer channel at low photoelectron energies 9. Conformational detection of p53's oligomeric state by FlAsH Fluorescence OpenAIRE Webber, Tawnya M.; Allen, Andrew C.; Ma, Wai Kit; Molloy, Rhett G.; Kettelkamp, Charisse N.; Dow, Caitlin A.; Gage, Matthew J. 2009-01-01 The p53 tumor suppressor protein is a critical checkpoint in prevention of tumor formation, and the function of p53 is dependent on proper formation of the active tetramer. In vitro studies have shown that p53 binds DNA most efficiently as a tetramer, though inactive p53 is predicted to be monomeric in vivo. We demonstrate that FlAsH binding can be used to distinguish between oligomeric states of p53, providing a potential tool to explore p53 oligomerization in vivo. The FlAsH tetra-cysteine ... 10. Phosphate Activation via Reduced Oxidation State Phosphorus (P. Mild Routes to Condensed-P Energy Currency Molecules Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden) Claire R. Cousins 2013-07-01 Full Text Available The emergence of mechanisms for phosphorylating organic and inorganic molecules is a key step en route to the earliest living systems. At the heart of all contemporary biochemical systems reside reactive phosphorus (P molecules (such as adenosine triphosphate, ATP as energy currency molecules to drive endergonic metabolic processes and it has been proposed that a predecessor of such molecules could have been pyrophosphate [P2O74−; PPi(V]. Arguably the most geologically plausible route to PPi(V is dehydration of orthophosphate, Pi(V, normally a highly endergonic process in the absence of mechanisms for activating Pi(V. One possible solution to this problem recognizes the presence of reactive-P containing mineral phases, such as schreibersite [(Fe,Ni3P] within meteorites whose abundance on the early Earth would likely have been significant during a putative Hadean-Archean heavy bombardment. Here, we propose that the reduced oxidation state P-oxyacid, H-phosphite [HPO32−; Pi(III] could have activated Pi(V towards condensation via the intermediacy of the condensed oxyacid pyrophosphite [H2P2O52−; PPi(III]. We provide geologically plausible provenance for PPi(III along with evidence of its ability to activate Pi(V towards PPi(V formation under mild conditions (80 °C in water. 11. 2D {sup 31}P solid state NMR spectroscopy, electronic structure and thermochemistry of PbP{sub 7} Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB) Benndorf, Christopher [Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 30, 48149 Münster (Germany); Institut für Physikalische Chemie, Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 30, 48149 Münster (Germany); Hohmann, Andrea; Schmidt, Peer [Brandenburgische Technische Universität Cottbus-Senftenberg, Fakultät für Naturwissenschaften, Postfach 101548, 01958 Senftenberg (Germany); Eckert, Hellmut, E-mail: eckerth@uni-muenster.de [Institut für Physikalische Chemie, Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 30, 48149 Münster (Germany); Instituto de Física de Sao Carlos, Universidade de Sao Paulo, CEP 369, Sao Carlos, SP 13560-590 (Brazil); Johrendt, Dirk [Department Chemie, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Butenandtstraße 5-13, D-81377 München (Germany); and others 2016-03-15 Phase pure polycrystalline PbP{sub 7} was prepared from the elements via a lead flux. Crystalline pieces with edge-lengths up to 1 mm were obtained. The assignment of the previously published {sup 31}P solid state NMR spectrum to the seven distinct crystallographic sites was accomplished by radio-frequency driven dipolar recoupling (RFDR) experiments. As commonly found in other solid polyphosphides there is no obvious correlation between the {sup 31}P chemical shift and structural parameters. PbP{sub 7} decomposes incongruently under release of phosphorus forming liquid lead as remainder. The thermal decomposition starts at T>550 K with a vapor pressure almost similar to that of red phosphorus. Electronic structure calculations reveal PbP{sub 7} as a semiconductor according to the Zintl description and clearly shows the stereo-active Pb-6s{sup 2} lone pairs in the electron localization function ELF. - Graphical abstract: Coordination of the lead atoms in PbP{sub 7}. 12. Transportation research synthesis : state DOT experiences with Primavera P6 project management software. Science.gov (United States) 2010-03-01 The eight agencies we interviewed all reported general satisfaction with Primavera P6 as a project management tool within their organizations, although they noted that a significant commitment to training is required. Most states have not implemented... 13. [Department of Otorhinolaryngology of the I.P. Pavlov Saint-Peterburg First State Medical University]. Science.gov (United States) Karpishchenko, S A 14. Search for anti p-nucleus states using the (anti p,p) knock-out reaction at 600 MeV/c International Nuclear Information System (INIS) Aslanides, E.; Drake, D.M.; Peng, J.C.; Garreta, D.; Birien, P.; Bruge, G.; Catz, H.; Chaumeaux, A.; Janouin, S.; Legrand, D.; Lemaire, M.C.; Mayer, B.; Pain, J.; Perrot, F. 1987-01-01 The knock-out reaction A(anti p,p)X has been used to search for narrow anti p-nucleus states. The experiment was performed using the 600 MeV/c antiproton beam at LEAR and the high-resolution and large-acceptance magnetic spectrometer SPES II. The A-dependence of the annihilation-induced proton spectra has been studied on 2 H, 6 Li, 12 C, 63 Cu, 208 Pb and 209 Bi. The quasi-free elastic anti pp scattering observed in the lighter targets, and the comparison with the free anti pp scattering, also observed in this experiment, determine an effective proton number N eff for 1s- and 1p-shell protons. No evidence for narrow bound or resonant anti p-nucleus states could be found. Upper limits for their production are one order of magnitude lower than certain theoretical predictions, but consistent with the properties of the anti p-nucleus interaction, as established from recent elastic and inelastic scattering as well as from studies of antiprotonic atoms. (orig.) 15. Alignment of Ar+ [3P]4p2P03/2 satellite state from the polarization analysis of fluorescent radiation after photoionization International Nuclear Information System (INIS) Yenen, O.; McLaughlin, K.W.; Jaecks, D.H. 1997-01-01 The measurement of the polarization of radiation from satellite states of Ar + formed after the photoionization of Ar provides detailed information about the nature of doubly excited states, magnetic sublevel cross sections and partial wave ratios of the photo-ejected electrons. Since the formation of these satellite states is a weak process, it is necessary to use a high flux beam of incoming photons. In addition, in order to resolve the many narrow doubly excited Ar resonances, the incoming photons must have a high resolution. The characteristics of the beam line 9.0.1 of the Advanced Light Source fulfill these requirements. The authors determined the polarization of 4765 Angstrom fluorescence from the Ar + [ 3 P] 4p 2 P 3/2 0 satellite state formed after photoionization of Ar by photons from the 9.0.1 beam line of ALS in the 35.620-38.261 eV energy range using a resolution of approximately 12,700. This is accomplished by measuring the intensities of the fluorescent light polarized parallel (I parallel) and perpendicular (I perpendicular) to the polarization axis of the incident synchrotron radiation using a Sterling Optics 105MB polarizing filter. The optical system placed at 90 degrees with respect to the polarization axis of the incident light had a narrow band interference filter (δλ=0.3 nm) to isolate the fluorescent radiation 16. Finite nuclear size and Lamb shift of p-wave atomic states International Nuclear Information System (INIS) Milstein, A.I.; Sushkov, O.P.; Terekhov, I.S. 2003-01-01 We consider corrections to the Lamb shift of the p-wave atomic states due to the finite nuclear size (FNS). In other words, these are radiative corrections to the atomic isotope shift related to the FNS. It is shown that the structure of the corrections is qualitatively different to that for the s-wave states. The perturbation theory expansion for the relative correction for a p 1/2 state starts with a α ln(1/Zα) term, while for the s 1/2 states it starts with a Zα 2 term. Here, α is the fine-structure constant and Z is the nuclear charge. In the present work, we calculate the α terms for that 2p states, the result for the 2p 1/2 state reads (8α/9π){ln[1/(Zα) 2 ]+0.710}. Even more interesting are the p 3/2 states. In this case the 'correction' is several orders of magnitude larger than the 'leading' FNS shift. However, absolute values of energy shifts related to these corrections are very small 17. Determination of chemical states of sulphur 35 obtained from the 35Cl (n, p)35S International Nuclear Information System (INIS) Rossi Filho, S. 1980-01-01 The chemical states of sulphur-35 obtained from the 35 Cl(n,p) 35 S reaction by the irradiation of potassium chloride without any previous treatment and with previous heating under vacuum, were determined. The influence of irradiation time and temperature after irradiation was examined. Paper electrophoresis technique was employed for the determination of the chemical states. (Author) [pt 18. The energy structure and decay channels of the 4p6-shell excited states in Sr Science.gov (United States) Kupliauskienė, A.; Kerevičius, G.; Borovik, V.; Shafranyosh, I.; Borovik, A. 2017-11-01 The ejected-electron spectra arising from the decay of the 4p{}5{{nln}}{\\prime }{l}{\\prime }{n}{\\prime\\prime }{l}{\\prime\\prime } autoionizing states in Sr atoms have been studied precisely at the incident-electron energies close to excitation and ionization thresholds of the 4{{{p}}}6 subshell. The excitation behaviors for 58 lines observed between 12 and 21 eV ejected-electron kinetic energy have been investigated. Also, the ab initio calculations of excitation energies, autoionization probabilities and electron-impact excitation cross sections of the states 4p{}5{{nln}}{\\prime }{l}{\\prime }{n}{\\prime\\prime }{l}{\\prime\\prime } (nl = 4d, 5s, 5p; {n}{\\prime }{l}{\\prime } = 4d, 5s, 5p; {n}{\\prime\\prime }{l}{\\prime\\prime } = 5s, 6s, 7s, 8s, 9s, 5p, 6p, 5d, 6d, 7d, 8d, 4f, 5g) have been performed by employing the large-scale configuration-interaction method in the basis of the solutions of Dirac-Fock-Slater equations. The obtained experimental and theoretical data have been used for the accurate identification of the 60 lines in ejected-electron spectra and the 68 lines observed earlier in photoabsorption spectra. The excitation and decay processes for 105 classified states in the 4p55s{}2{nl}, 4p54d{}2{nl} and 4p55s{{nln}}{\\prime }{l}{\\prime } configurations have been considered in detail. In particular, most of the states lying below the ionization threshold of the 4p6 subshell at 26.92 eV possess up to four decay channels with formation of Sr+ in 5s{}1/2, 4d{}3/{2,5/2} and 5p{}1/{2,3/2} states. Two-step autoionization and two-electron Auger transitions with formation of Sr2+ in the 4p6 {}1{{{S}}}0 ground state are the main decay paths for high-lying autoionizing states. The excitation threshold of the 4{{{p}}}6 subshell in Sr has been established at 20.98 ± 0.05 eV. 19. Radiative proton capture to the first excited state of sup 29 P nucleus at subbarrier energies Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB) Matulewicz, T; Dabrowska, M; Decowski, P; Kicinska-Habior, M; Sikora, B [Warsaw Univ. (Poland). Inst. Fizyki Doswiadczalnej; Toke, J [Rochester Univ., NY (USA). Nuclear Structure Research Lab.; Somorjai, E [Magyar Tudomanyos Akademia, Debrecen (Hungary). Atommag Kutato Intezete 1985-08-01 Differential cross sections at 0 deg and 90 deg measured for {sup 28}Si(p,{gamma}{sub 1}){sup 29}P reaction at proton energy range 2.3-2.9 MeV have been analyzed in terms of the direct-semidirect capture model extended by the effective potential approach. Spectroscopic factor of the first excited states of {sup 29}P nucleus was found to be 0.10+-0.05. 9 refs., 1 fig. (author). 20. 1P autoionization states of He in the elastic scattering region International Nuclear Information System (INIS) Chen, I.H. 1975-01-01 Following the method of Feshbach projection operator formalism, 1 P autoionization states of He in the n = 1 to n = 2 energy region was investigated. Variational functionals are constructed for solving the closed channel components and these results are compared with the absorption spectrum measured by Madden and Codling. In the open channel components the Coulomb wave function is used. Together with closed channel components, we calculate the line width of 1 P and 3 P resonance states. Comparison of these results with the previous calculation and with experimental data is also discussed 1. Corrective results for the even-parity-quartet P states of lithium isoelectronic sequence International Nuclear Information System (INIS) Holoien, E. 1982-01-01 In order to secure a proper p-type behavior of the radial Slater orbitals r/sup n/exp(-etar/2) for the two p electrons near origin in the 1s2p2p configuration, the fixed n power must always be chosen greater than or equal to unity. Unfortunately, this restriction has not been applied to both p electrons in all 30 basic products of the 1967 trial wave function for the even-parity 4 p states, only correct for the one p electron in the case of 4p 0 states. According to this restriction only 14 basic products used are allowed. The remaining 16 basic products are not allowed and therefore have been omitted in the present investigation. This error has made the 1967 calculated total energies too low. Corrective results of the total energy using the allowed correlated 14-term wave function are given in this Communication. The present result for He - 1s2p 2 4 p indicates a position 148 meV in the continuum above the He 2 3 P threshold, in good agreement with recent theoretical calculations 2. REDOX IMAGING OF THE p53-DEPENDENT MITOCHONDRIAL REDOX STATE IN COLON CANCER EX VIVO Science.gov (United States) XU, HE N.; FENG, MIN; MOON, LILY; DOLLOFF, NATHAN; EL-DEIRY, WAFIK; LI, LIN Z. 2015-01-01 The mitochondrial redox state and its heterogeneity of colon cancer at tissue level have not been previously reported. Nor has how p53 regulates mitochondrial respiration been measured at (deep) tissue level, presumably due to the unavailability of the technology that has sufficient spatial resolution and tissue penetration depth. Our prior work demonstrated that the mitochondrial redox state and its intratumor heterogeneity is associated with cancer aggressiveness in human melanoma and breast cancer in mouse models, with the more metastatic tumors exhibiting localized regions of more oxidized redox state. Using the Chance redox scanner with an in-plane spatial resolution of 200 μm, we imaged the mitochondrial redox state of the wild-type p53 colon tumors (HCT116 p53 wt) and the p53-deleted colon tumors (HCT116 p53−/−) by collecting the fluorescence signals of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH) and oxidized flavoproteins [Fp, including flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD)] from the mouse xenografts snap-frozen at low temperature. Our results show that: (1) both tumor lines have significant degree of intratumor heterogeneity of the redox state, typically exhibiting a distinct bi-modal distribution that either correlates with the spatial core–rim pattern or the “hot/cold” oxidation-reduction patches; (2) the p53−/− group is significantly more heterogeneous in the mitochondrial redox state and has a more oxidized tumor core compared to the p53 wt group when the tumor sizes of the two groups are matched; (3) the tumor size dependence of the redox indices (such as Fp and Fp redox ratio) is significant in the p53−/− group with the larger ones being more oxidized and more heterogeneous in their redox state, particularly more oxidized in the tumor central regions; (4) the H&E staining images of tumor sections grossly correlate with the redox images. The present work is the first to reveal at the submillimeter scale the intratumor heterogeneity pattern 3. Exploring the wavelength range of InP/AlGaInP QDs and application to dual-state lasing International Nuclear Information System (INIS) Shutts, Samuel; Elliott, Stella N; Smowton, Peter M; Krysa, Andrey B 2015-01-01 We explore the accessible wavelength range offered by InP/AlGaInP quantum dots (QD)s grown by metal–organic vapour phase epitaxy and explain how changes in growth temperature and wafer design can be used to influence the transition energy of the dot states and improve the performance of edge-emitting lasers. The self assembly growth method of these structures creates a multi-modal distribution of inhomogeneously broadened dot sizes, and via the effects of state-filling, allows access to a large range of lasing wavelengths. By characterising the optical properties of these dots, we have designed and demonstrated dual-wavelength lasers which operate at various difference-wavelengths between 8 and 63 nm. We show that the nature of QDs allows the difference-wavelength to be tuned by altering the operating temperature at a rate of up to 0.12 nm K −1 and we investigate the factors affecting intensity stability of the competing modes. (invited article) 4. Sensitive lifetime measurement of excited states of {sup 98}Ru via the (p,p{sup '}γ) reaction Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB) Vielmetter, Vera; Hennig, Andreas; Derya, Vera; Pickstone, Simon G.; Prill, Sarah; Spieker, Mark; Zilges, Andreas [Institute for Nuclear Physics, University of Cologne (Germany); Petkov, Pavel [Institute for Nuclear Physics, University of Cologne (Germany); INRNE, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia (Bulgaria); National Institute for Physics and Nuclear Engineering, Bucharest-Magurele (Romania) 2016-07-01 The one-phonon mixed-symmetry quadrupole excitation 2{sup +}{sub ms} is a well established excitation mode in near-spherical nuclei, especially in the A ∼ 100 mass region. However, it is largely unknown how mixed-symmetry states evolve along shape-transitional paths, e.g. from spherical to deformed shapes. The chain of stable ruthenium isotopes is well suited for this study since it exhibits a smooth transition from spherical ({sup 96,98}Ru) to deformed shapes ({sup 104}Ru). To identify the 2{sup +}{sub ms} state of {sup 98}Ru on the basis of absolute M1 and E2 transition strengths, we performed a proton-scattering experiment on {sup 98}Ru using the SONIC rate at HORUS setup at the University of Cologne. Lifetimes of excited states were measured via the Doppler-shift attenuation method (DSAM), which benefits from the acquired pγ-coincidence data. First results of this experiment are presented and compared to the neighbouring nuclei {sup 96}Ru and {sup 100}Ru. 5. Influence of oxidation state on the pH dependence of hydrous iridium oxide films International Nuclear Information System (INIS) Steegstra, Patrick; Ahlberg, Elisabet 2012-01-01 Many electrochemical reactions taking place in aqueous solution consume or produce protons. The pH in the diffusion layer can therefore be significantly altered during the reaction and there is a need for in situ pH measurements tracing this near surface pH. In the present paper the rotating ring disc technique was used to measure near surface pH changes during oxygen reduction, utilising hydrous iridium oxide as the pH sensing probe. Before such experiments a good understanding of the pH sensing properties of these films is required and the impact of the oxidation state of the film on the pH sensing properties was investigated as well as the influence of solution redox species. The pH sensitivity (depicted by dE/dpH) was found to depend on the average oxidation state of the film in a manner resembling the cyclic voltammetry response. In all cases the pH response is “supernernstian” with more than one proton per electron. The origin of this behaviour is discussed in the context of acid-base properties of the film and the existence of both hydrous and anhydrous oxide phases. The pH response depends also on the redox properties of the solution but can be optimised for various purposes by conditioning the film at different potentials. This was clearly illustrated by adding hydrogen peroxide, an intermediate in the oxygen reduction reaction, to the solution. It was shown that hydrous iridium oxide can be used as a reliable in situ pH sensor provided that care is taken to optimise the oxidation state of the film. 6. Altered Ca fluxes and contractile state during pH changes in cultured heart cells International Nuclear Information System (INIS) Kim, D.; Smith, T.W. 1987-01-01 The authors studied mechanisms underlying changes in myocardial contractile state produced by intracellular (pH/sub i/) or extracellular (pH 0 ) changes in pH using cultured chick embryo ventricular cells. A change in pH 0 of HEPES-buffered medium from 7.4 to 6.0 or to 8.8 changed the amplitude of cell motion by -85 or +60%, and 45 Ca uptake at 10 s by -29 or +22%, respectively. The pH 0 induced change in Ca uptake was not sensitive to nifedipine but was Na gradient dependent. Changes in pH/sub i/ produced by NH 4 Cl or preincubation in media at pH values ranging from 6.0 to 8.8 failed to alter significantly 45 Ca uptake or efflux. However, larger changes in pH/sub i/ were associated with altered Ca uptake. Changes in pH 0 from 7.5 to 6.0 or to 8.8 were associated with initial changes in 45 Ca efflux by +17 or -18%, respectively, and these effects were not Na dependent. Exposure of cells to 20 mM NH 4 Cl produced intracellular alkalinization and a positive inotropic effect, whereas subsequent removal of NH 4 Cl caused intracellular acidification and a negative inotropic effect. There was, however, a lack of close temporal relationships between pH/sub i/ and contractile state. These results indicated that pH 0 -induced changes in contractile state in cultured heart cells are closely correlated with altered transarcolemmal Ca movements and presumably are due to these Ca flux changes 7. Strongly perturbed Rydberg series originating from KrII 4p45s ionic states International Nuclear Information System (INIS) Petrov, I.D.; Demekhin, Ph.V.; Lagutin, B.M.; Sukhorukov, V.L.; Kammer, S.; Mickat, S.; Schartner, K.-H.; Ehresmann, A.; Klumpp, S.; Werner, L.; Schmoranzer, H. 2005-01-01 Photoionization cross-sections for the 4p 4 ( 3 P) 5s 4 P 5/2,3/2,1/2 satellites and 4s, 4p main levels of Kr II in the exciting-photon energy range between 28.48 and 28.70-bar eV with extremely narrow bandwidth (1.7-bar meV at 28.55-bar eV) of the monochromatized synchrotron radiation were measured utilizing the photon-induced fluorescence spectroscopy. The observed resonances were assigned to the 4p 4 5s( 4 P 1/2 )n p and 4p 4 5s( 2 P 3/2 )n p Rydberg series on the basis of calculations performed with taking into account core relaxation and interaction between many resonances and many continua. The calculation shows that the resonance structure in the photoionization channels exists due to 4p 4 ( 1 D) 5s 2 D 5/2 6p 3/2 promoter state which also strongly perturbs the above Rydberg series. 8. Stable π-Extended p -Quinodimethanes: Synthesis and Tunable Ground States KAUST Repository Zeng, Zebing 2014-12-18 © 2014 The Chemical Society of Japan and Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim. p-Quinodimethane (p-QDM) is a highly reactive hydrocarbon showing large biradical character in the ground state. It has been demonstrated that incorporation of the p-QDM moiety into an aromatic hydrocarbon framework could lead to new π-conjugated systems with significant biradical character and unique optical, electronic and magnetic properties. On the other hand, the extension of p-QDM is expected to result in molecules with even larger biradical character and higher reactivity. Therefore, the synthesis of stable π-extended p-QDMs is very challenging. In this Personal Account we will briefly discuss different stabilizing strategies and synthetic methods towards stable π-extended p-QDMs with tunable ground states and physical properties, including two types of polycyclic hydrocarbons: (1) tetrabenzo-Tschitschibabin\\'s hydrocarbons, and (2) tetracyano-rylenequinodimethanes. We will discuss how the aromaticity, substituents and steric hindrance play important roles in determining their ground states and properties. Incorporation of the p-quinodimethane moiety into aromatic hydrocarbon frameworks can lead to new π-conjugated systems with significant biradical character and unique optical, electronic and magnetic properties. Furthermore, the extension of p-QDM is expected to result in molecules with even larger biradical character and higher reactivity. In this Personal Account, different stabilizing strategies and synthetic methods towards stable π-extended p-QDMs with tunable ground states and physical properties are briefly discussed, including the roles of aromaticity, substituents and steric hindrance. 9. P- and S-body wave tomography of the state of Nevada. Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB) Preston, Leiph 2010-04-01 P- and S-body wave travel times collected from stations in and near the state of Nevada were inverted for P-wave velocity and the Vp/Vs ratio. These waves consist of Pn, Pg, Sn and Sg, but only the first arriving P and S waves were used in the inversion. Travel times were picked by University of Nevada Reno colleagues and were culled for inclusion in the tomographic inversion. The resulting tomographic model covers the entire state of Nevada to a depth of {approx}90 km; however, only the upper 40 km indicate relatively good resolution. Several features of interest are imaged including the Sierra Nevada, basin structures, and low velocities at depth below Yucca Mountain. These velocity structure images provide valuable information to aide in the interpretation of geothermal resource areas throughout the state on Nevada. 10. State and local taxes minor factors for E and P locations International Nuclear Information System (INIS) Pulsipher, A.G. 1991-01-01 In the main oil and gas producing states of the U.S., contrary to common perception, differences are small in the state and local tax bills on exploration and production (E and P) operations. Therefore it is unlikely that competition for exploration and investment, such as between Louisiana and Texas, depends on these taxes. It is likey that price and geological considerations dominate the selection of E and P locations. The common perception that some states could be at a disadvantage is based on two factors: First, there is a considerable variation among states in severance tax rates levied on oil and gas ranging from California's negligible rate of 2 1/2 cents/bbl to Alaska's 15% of the value of a barrel at the well. Second, state and local tax structures differ in the degree to which they rely on business taxes relative to consumer taxes. The objective of this article is to test this hypothesis by estimating the tax bill of the production industry in the leading oil and gas producing states in the U.S. The tax bills of the states are compared. This figure depicts, expressed as the per barrel of oil or gas equivalent produced in each state, the total amount paid in sales, property, corporate income or franchise, and severance taxes 11. Transient behavior of interface state continuum at InP insulator-semiconductor interface International Nuclear Information System (INIS) Hasegawa, H.; Masuda, H.; He, L.; Luo, J.K.; Sawada, T.; Ohno, H. 1987-01-01 To clarify the drain current drift mechanism in InP MISFETs, an isothermal capacitance transient spectroscopy (ICTS) study of the interface state continuum is made on the anodic Al 2 O 3 /native oxide/ InP MIS system. Capture behavior is temperature-independent, non-exponential and extremely slow, whereas emission behavior is temperature- and bias- dependent, and is much faster. The observed behavior is explained quantitatively by the disorder induced gap state (DIGS) model, where states are distributed both in energy and in space. By comparing the transient behavior of interface states with the observed drift behavior of MISFETs, it is concluded that the electron capture by the DIGS continuum is responsible for the drain current drift of MISFETs. This led to a complete computer simulation of the observed current drift behavior 12. Excitation of the (2p2)1D and (2s2p)1P autoionizing states of helium by 200 eV electron impact International Nuclear Information System (INIS) Godunov, A.L.; McGuire, J.H.; Schipakov, V.S.; Crowe, A. 2002-01-01 We report full second Born calculations with inclusion of post-collision interactions for excitation of the (2p 2 ) 1 D and (2s2p) 1 P autoionizing states of helium by 200 eV electron impact. The calculations are compared to (e, 2e) measurements of McDonald and Crowe (McDonald D G and Crowe A 1993 J. Phys. B: At. Mol. Opt. Phys. 26 2887-97) and Lower and Weigold (Lower J and Weigold E 1990 J. Phys. B: At. Mol. Opt. Phys. 23 2819-45). It is shown that post-collision interactions or Coulomb interactions in the final state between the scattered particle, the ejected electron and the recoil ion have a strong influence on both the direct ionization and resonance profiles around the binary lobe. The second-order terms in the amplitude of double electron excitation also play an observable role under these kinematic conditions. Reasonable agreement is found between the full-scale calculations and the experimental data. (author). Letter-to-the-editor 13. Two searches for narrow anti pp states in πp interactions International Nuclear Information System (INIS) Carroll, A.S. 1980-01-01 Both experiments searched for evidence of narrow anti pp states produced predominately by baryon exchange and were sufficiently sensitive to test decisively for the presence of the 2020 and 2204 MeV states reported by the CERN Omega experiment of P. Benkheiri, et al. The techniques employed in the two experiments were sufficiently different such that any systematic biases were extremely unlikely to have occurred in both experiments 14. Structural Characterization of Monomeric/Dimeric State of p59fyn SH2 Domain. Science.gov (United States) Huculeci, Radu; Kieken, Fabien; Garcia-Pino, Abel; Buts, Lieven; van Nuland, Nico; Lenaerts, Tom 2017-01-01 Src homology 2 (SH2) domains are key modulators in various signaling pathways allowing the recognition of phosphotyrosine sites of different proteins. Despite the fact that SH2 domains acquire their biological functions in a monomeric state, a multitude of reports have shown their tendency to dimerize. Here, we provide a technical description on how to isolate and characterize by gel filtration, circular dichroism (CD), and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) each conformational state of p59 fyn SH2 domain. 15. High spin states excited by the (p, t) reaction on lead isotopes Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB) Kumabe, I.; Hyakutake, M. [Kyushu Univ., Fukuoka (Japan). Faculty of Engineering; Yuasa, K.; Yamagata, T.; Kishimoto, S.; Ikegami, H.; Muraoka, M [eds. 1980-01-01 In order to find high spin states the sup(204, 206, 208)Pb (p, t) reactions have been investigated with RCNP isochronous cyclotron and a high resolution magnetic spectrograph ''RAIDEN''. The experimental angular distributions were analyzed by DWBA calculations, and the lowest 10/sup +/, 12/sup +/ (i sub(13/2))/sup 2/ and 11/sup -/ (i sub(13/2), h sub(9/2)) states in /sup 202/Pb, /sup 204/Pb and /sup 206/Pb were established. 16. Singlet Ground State Magnetism: III Magnetic Excitons in Antiferromagnetic TbP DEFF Research Database (Denmark) Knorr, K.; Loidl, A.; Kjems, Jørgen 1981-01-01 The dispersion of the lowest magnetic excitations of the singlet ground state system TbP has been studied in the antiferromagnetic phase by inelastic neutron scattering. The magnetic exchange interaction and the magnetic and the rhombohedral molecular fields have been determined.......The dispersion of the lowest magnetic excitations of the singlet ground state system TbP has been studied in the antiferromagnetic phase by inelastic neutron scattering. The magnetic exchange interaction and the magnetic and the rhombohedral molecular fields have been determined.... 17. XRD studies on solid state amorphisation in electroless Ni/P and Ni/B deposits International Nuclear Information System (INIS) Sampath Kumar, P.; Kesavan Nair, P. 1996-01-01 The decomposition of electroless Ni-P and Ni-B deposits on annealing at various temperature is studied using x-ray diffraction techniques employing profile deconvolution and line profile analysis. It appears that solid state amorphisation takes place in the Ni-B deposits in a narrow temperature range just prior to the onset of crystallization of amorphous phase. In the case of Ni-P deposits no evidence for solid state amorphisation could be obtained. Thermodynamic and kinetic considerations also support such a conclusion 18. Density of states measurements in a p-i-n solar cell Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB) Crandall, R.S.; Wang, Q. [National Renewable Energy Lab., Golden, CO (United States) 1996-05-01 The authors describe results of density of states (DOS) profiling in p-i-n solar-cell devices using drive-level capacitance (DLC) techniques. Near the p-i interface the defect density is high, decreasing rapidly into the interior, reaching low values in the central region of the cell, and rising rapidly again at the n-i interface. They show that the states in the central region are neutral dangling-bond defects, whereas those near the interfaces with the doped layers are charged dangling bonds. 19. Dynamics of skyrmions and edge states in the resistive regime of mesoscopic p-wave superconductors Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB) Fernández Becerra, V., E-mail: VictorLeonardo.FernandezBecerra@uantwerpen.be; Milošević, M.V., E-mail: milorad.milosevic@uantwerpen.be 2017-02-15 Highlights: • Voltage–current characterization of a mesoscopic p-wave superconducting sample. • Skyrmions and edge states are stabilized with an out-of-plane applied magnetic field. • In the resistive regime, moving skyrmions and the edge state behave distinctly different from the conventional kinematic vortices. - Abstract: In a mesoscopic sample of a chiral p-wave superconductor, novel states comprising skyrmions and edge states have been stabilized in out-of-plane applied magnetic field. Using the time-dependent Ginzburg–Landau equations we shed light on the dynamic response of such states to an external applied current. Three different regimes are obtained, namely, the superconducting (stationary), resistive (non-stationary) and normal regime, similarly to conventional s-wave superconductors. However, in the resistive regime and depending on the external current, we found that moving skyrmions and the edge state behave distinctly different from the conventional kinematic vortex, thereby providing new fingerprints for identification of p-wave superconductivity. 20. Changes of surface electron states of InP under soft X-rays irradiation International Nuclear Information System (INIS) Yang Zhian; Yang Zushen; Jin Tao; Qui Rexi; Cui Mingqi; Liu Fengqin 1999-01-01 Changes of surface electronic states of InP under 1 keV X-ray irradiation is studied by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and ultraviolet ray energy spectroscopy (UPS). The results show that the soft X-ray irradiation has little effect on In atoms but much on P atoms. The authors analysed the mechanism of irradiation and explained the major effect 1. Evidence for core-coupled states in 87Y from a 89Y(p, t)87Y and 88Sr(p, t)86Sr comparison International Nuclear Information System (INIS) Oelrich, I.C.; Krien, K.; DelVecchio, R.M.; Naumann, R.A. 1976-01-01 The 89 Y(p, t) 87 Y and 88 Sr(p, t) 86 Sr reactions were studied at 42 MeV proton energy, using a quadrupole-dipole-dipole-dipole spectograph. Comparison of excitation energies, (p, t) cross section strengths and angular distribution shapes indicates that basis features of the core-coupling model apply to these nuclei. However, mixing of single particle states with the core-coupled states is evident. The (p, t) cross-section strength summed over the 87 Y multiplet is found with few exceptions to be nearly a constant multiple of the (p, t) strength of the associated 86 Sr state 2. Conformational detection of p53's oligomeric state by FlAsH Fluorescence. Science.gov (United States) Webber, Tawnya M; Allen, Andrew C; Ma, Wai Kit; Molloy, Rhett G; Kettelkamp, Charisse N; Dow, Caitlin A; Gage, Matthew J 2009-06-19 The p53 tumor suppressor protein is a critical checkpoint in prevention of tumor formation, and the function of p53 is dependent on proper formation of the active tetramer. In vitro studies have shown that p53 binds DNA most efficiently as a tetramer, though inactive p53 is predicted to be monomeric in vivo. We demonstrate that FlAsH binding can be used to distinguish between oligomeric states of p53, providing a potential tool to explore p53 oligomerization in vivo. The FlAsH tetra-cysteine binding motif has been incorporated along the dimer and tetramer interfaces in the p53 tetramerization domain to create reporters for the dimeric and tetrameric states of p53, though the geometry of the four cysteines is critical for efficient FlAsH binding. Furthermore, we demonstrate that FlAsH binding can be used to monitor tetramer formation in real-time. These results demonstrate the potential for using FlAsH fluorescence to monitor protein-protein interactions in vivo. 3. Structure of states in 12Be via the 11Be( d,p) reaction Science.gov (United States) Kanungo, R.; Gallant, A. T.; Uchida, M.; Andreoiu, C.; Austin, R. A. E.; Bandyopadhyay, D.; Ball, G. C.; Becker, J. A.; Boston, A. J.; Boston, H. C.; Brown, B. A.; Buchmann, L.; Colosimo, S. J.; Clark, R. M.; Cline, D.; Cross, D. S.; Dare, H.; Davids, B.; Drake, T. E.; Djongolov, M.; Finlay, P.; Galinski, N.; Garrett, P. E.; Garnsworthy, A. B.; Green, K. L.; Grist, S.; Hackman, G.; Harkness, L. J.; Hayes, A. B.; Howell, D.; Hurst, A. M.; Jeppesen, H. B.; Leach, K. G.; Macchiavelli, A. O.; Oxley, D.; Pearson, C. J.; Pietras, B.; Phillips, A. A.; Rigby, S. V.; Ruiz, C.; Ruprecht, G.; Sarazin, F.; Schumaker, M. A.; Shotter, A. C.; Sumitharachchi, C. S.; Svensson, C. E.; Tanihata, I.; Triambak, S.; Unsworth, C.; Williams, S. J.; Walden, P.; Wong, J.; Wu, C. Y. 2010-01-01 The s-wave neutron fraction of the 0 levels in 12Be has been investigated for the first time through the 11Be(d,p) transfer reaction using a 5 A MeV11Be beam at TRIUMF, Canada. The reaction populated all the known bound states of 12Be. The ground state s-wave spectroscopic factor was determined to be 0.28-0.07+0.03 while that for the long-lived 02+ excited state was 0.73-0.40+0.27. This observation, together with the smaller effective separation energy indicates enhanced probability for an extended density tail beyond the 10Be core for the 02+ excited state compared to the ground state. 4. Role of the pH in state-dependent blockade of hERG currents Science.gov (United States) Wang, Yibo; Guo, Jiqing; Perissinotti, Laura L.; Lees-Miller, James; Teng, Guoqi; Durdagi, Serdar; Duff, Henry J.; Noskov, Sergei Yu. 2016-10-01 Mutations that reduce inactivation of the voltage-gated Kv11.1 potassium channel (hERG) reduce binding for a number of blockers. State specific block of the inactivated state of hERG block may increase risks of drug-induced Torsade de pointes. In this study, molecular simulations of dofetilide binding to the previously developed and experimentally validated models of the hERG channel in open and open-inactivated states were combined with voltage-clamp experiments to unravel the mechanism(s) of state-dependent blockade. The computations of the free energy profiles associated with the drug block to its binding pocket in the intra-cavitary site display startling differences in the open and open-inactivated states of the channel. It was also found that drug ionization may play a crucial role in preferential targeting to the open-inactivated state of the pore domain. pH-dependent hERG blockade by dofetilie was studied with patch-clamp recordings. The results show that low pH increases the extent and speed of drug-induced block. Both experimental and computational findings indicate that binding to the open-inactivated state is of key importance to our understanding of the dofetilide’s mode of action. 5. Hyperfine quenching of the 23P0 state in heliumlike ions International Nuclear Information System (INIS) Mohr, P.J. 1975-01-01 An estimate is presented of the lifetime of the 2 3 P 0 state for odd-Z heliumlike ions in the range Z = 9 to 29. An approximation scheme is employed which utilizes the fact that both Z -1 and (Zα) 2 are small parameters for the range of Z under consideration. 1 fig, 2 tables, 14 refs 6. Solid-state potentiometric biosensors for pH quantification in biological samples NARCIS (Netherlands) Ivan, M.G.; Wiegersma, S.; Sweelssen, J.; Saalmink, M.; Boersma, A. 2011-01-01 This paper reports on manufacturing and characterization of an all-solid-state potentiometric sensor aimed at monitoring pH in dialysate or blood plasma for patients who undergo dialysis. The sensing polymer-based membrane, coated on top of the Au working electrodes, contains a polymer matrix - 7. A solid-state pH sensor for nonaqueous media including ionic liquids. Science.gov (United States) Thompson, Brianna C; Winther-Jensen, Orawan; Winther-Jensen, Bjorn; MacFarlane, Douglas R 2013-04-02 We describe a solid state electrode structure based on a biologically derived proton-active redox center, riboflavin (RFN). The redox reaction of RFN is a pH-dependent process that requires no water. The electrode was fabricated using our previously described 'stuffing' method to entrap RFN into vapor phase polymerized poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene). The electrode is shown to be capable of measuring the proton activity in the form of an effective pH over a range of different water contents including nonaqueous systems and ionic liquids (ILs). This demonstrates that the entrapment of the redox center facilitates direct electron communication with the polymer. This work provides a miniaturizable system to determine pH (effective) in nonaqueous systems as well as in ionic liquids. The ability to measure pH (effective) is an important step toward the ability to customize ILs with suitable pH (effective) for catalytic reactions and biotechnology applications such as protein preservation. 8. Core polarization and 3/2 states of some f-p shell nuclei International Nuclear Information System (INIS) Shelly, S. 1976-01-01 The energies, wavefunctions, spectroscopic factors and M1 transition strengths have been calculated for the 3/2 - states excited via single proton transfer to 2p3/2 orbit of the target nuclei 50 Ti, 52 Cr, 54 Fe and 56 Fe. The calculations have been done by using the Kuo and Brown interaction in the entire four shell space as well as the shrunk Kuo and Brown interaction calculated in (1f7/2-2p3/2) space. The salient feature of the calculation is that whereas the systematics of single particle strength distribution are well reproduced, the energy splitting between the calculated T> centroid and the centroid of T> states is always much smaller than that observed experimentally. It has been found, however, that the modified KB interaction widens the energy gap between the T> centroid and the centroid of T> states without appreciably affecting the final wave-functions. (author) 9. Di-Neutral Pion Production in the Triplet P Wave States of Charmonium Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB) Vidnovic, Theodore, III [Minnesota U. 2002-12-01 Fermilab experiment E835 has used proton-antiproton annihilations to perform a search for charmonium in the $\\pi^0 \\pi^0$ final state in the triplet P-wave region (3340-3570 MeV). States with even total angular momentum and positive Parity and C-parity have access to the $\\pi^0 \\pi^0$ final state. An enhancement in the $p\\bar{p} \\to \\pi^0 \\pi^0$ cross section was observed at the $X_{c0}$ resonance. The enhancement was found to be a factor of 20 larger than the expected resonant cross section and was attributed to interference between the $X_{c0}$ and the large non-resonant continuum. The general helicity structure of the $\\pi^0 \\pi^0$ differential cross section was studied and the product of the branching fractions, $Br(p\\bar{p}\\to X_{c0}$ ) x Br($X_{c0} \\to \\pi^0 \\pi^0$ ) = (5.09 ± 0.81(stat) ± 0.25 (sys) x $10^{-7}$ was measured. 10. Unitary Pole Approximation For 16O S12state And 40ca P32state When Coulomb Interaction Is Included Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden) A. Acharya 2015-08-01 Full Text Available Abstract The form factor of a separable interaction between a pair of particles is an important input in a three body calculation for a transfer reaction. The three body equations of Alt Grassberger and Sandhas have been solved for a system of three particles viz.p n and 16Oand p n and 40Ca when coulomb interaction is included between the particle pairs. The input in this calculation i.e. the two body t-matrices representing the interaction between the pairs of particles is taken to be of a separable form conforming to the bound state of the pair. The form factors of the total interaction between the particle pairs are constructed using the prescription of Ueta and Bund. 11. Potentials for calculating both parity states in p-shell nuclei International Nuclear Information System (INIS) Resler, D.A. 1989-01-01 A Hamiltonian employing a ''physical'' central two-body potential has been used for simultaneous calculation of both normal and non-normal parity states of p-shell nuclei. Normal parity states have been calculated in a full 0/h bar/ω space and non-normal parity states in a full 1/h bar/ω space with the effects of spurious center-of-mass states completely removed. No explicit core is used in any of the shell model calculations. Results are compared with experimental data and previous shell model calculations for the following nuclei: 4 He, /sup 5,6,7,8/Li, 8 Be, /sup 13,14/C, and 13 N. 34 refs., 9 figs., 3 tabs 12. Population of the 3P2,1,0 fine-structure states in the 3s and 3p photoionization of atomic chlorine International Nuclear Information System (INIS) Krause, M.O.; Caldwell, C.D.; Whitfield, S.B.; de Lange, C.A.; van der Meulen, P. 1993-01-01 In a high-resolution photoelectron-spectrometry study of the photoionization of chlorine atoms in both the 3s and 3p subshells, we were able to resolve contributions from ionic states with specific J values and measure the relative populations of these fine-structure components. Our photoelectron spectra, recorded at hν=29.2 eV, give ratios of 3 P 2 : 3 P 1 : 3 P 0 =100:40.59.5 for 3p photoionization and 3 P 2 : 3 P 1 =100:31 for 3s photoionization. While the results for 3p ionization are in accord with predictions based on a simple geometric analysis, the contribution of the 3 P 1 state in 3s photoionization is larger than that predicted by this simple model. The geometric predictions are also compared with results from a similar measurement of the population of the 4p -1 ( 3 P J ) states produced in the 4p ionization of Br and with earlier work on the production of 3 D 2,1,0 states in d-shell photoionization of Cu and Ag 13. 0+ analogue state in 118Sb from 117Sn(p,nγ) reaction International Nuclear Information System (INIS) Pal, J.; Dey, C.C.; Bose, S.; Sinha, B.K.; Chatterjee, M.B.; Mahapatra, D.P. 1996-01-01 The analogue of the 0 + ground state in 118 Sn has been observed in the compound nucleus 118 Sb through 117 Sn(p,nγ) 117 Sb reaction. The neutron decays of this analogue resonance have been studied from the deexciting γ-rays of the residual nucleus 117 Sb. From off resonance excitation functions, spin assignments have been made to states in 117 Sb, on the basis of Hauser-Feshbach formalism. The resonance parameters of the isobaric analogue resonance have been determined, including the total, proton and neutron decay widths. (orig.) 14. ( ) ( )P African Journals Online (AJOL) Preferred Customer In the Hartree–Fock theory, the energy has the form: ( ). ( )P. PK. PPJ ... −½[PJ(P)] is the exchange energy resulting from quantum (fermion) nature of electrons. ... In fact, core electrons are modeled by a suitable potential function, and only the. 15. P1 interneurons promote a persistent internal state that enhances inter-male aggression in Drosophila Science.gov (United States) Hoopfer, Eric D; Jung, Yonil; Inagaki, Hidehiko K; Rubin, Gerald M; Anderson, David J 2015-01-01 How brains are hardwired to produce aggressive behavior, and how aggression circuits are related to those that mediate courtship, is not well understood. A large-scale screen for aggression-promoting neurons in Drosophila identified several independent hits that enhanced both inter-male aggression and courtship. Genetic intersections revealed that 8-10 P1 interneurons, previously thought to exclusively control male courtship, were sufficient to promote fighting. Optogenetic experiments indicated that P1 activation could promote aggression at a threshold below that required for wing extension. P1 activation in the absence of wing extension triggered persistent aggression via an internal state that could endure for minutes. High-frequency P1 activation promoted wing extension and suppressed aggression during photostimulation, whereas aggression resumed and wing extension was inhibited following photostimulation offset. Thus, P1 neuron activation promotes a latent, internal state that facilitates aggression and courtship, and controls the overt expression of these social behaviors in a threshold-dependent, inverse manner. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.11346.001 PMID:26714106 16. p-Phenylenediamine and other allergens in hair dye products in the United States DEFF Research Database (Denmark) Hamann, Dathan; Yazar, Kerem; Hamann, Carsten R 2014-01-01 product contained six (range 0-11). p-Phenylenediamine (PPD) was found in 83 products (78%), but resorcinol (89%), m-aminophenol (75%), p-aminophenol (60%) and toluene-2,5-diamine (21%) were also frequently identified. CONCLUSIONS: Potent contact sensitizers were almost universally included in the hair...... dyes investigated in the United States. Although PPD is a common allergen, resorcinol and m-aminophenol were found more frequently. In total, 30 potent sensitizers were found. Clinicians should consider other allergens in addition to PPD when evaluating patients with suspected hair dye allergy.... 17. Diffractive and non-diffractive wounded nucleons and final states in pA collisions Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB) Bierlich, Christian; Gustafson, Gösta; Lönnblad, Leif [Department of Astronomy and Theoretical Physics,Sölvegatan 14A, S-223 62 Lund (Sweden) 2016-10-25 We review the state-of-the-art of Glauber-inspired models for estimating the distribution of the number of participating nucleons in pA and AA collisions. We argue that there is room for improvement in these model when it comes to the treatment of diffractive excitation processes, and present a new simple Glauber-like model where these processes are better taken into account. We also suggest a new way of using the number of participating, or wounded, nucleons to extrapolate event characteristics from pp collisions, and hence get an estimate of basic hadronic final-state properties in pA collisions, which may be used to extract possible nuclear effects. The new method is inspired by the Fritiof model, but based on the full, semi-hard multiparton interaction model of PYTHIA8. 18. Investigation of series resistance and surface states in Au/n - GaP structures International Nuclear Information System (INIS) Kiymaz, A.; Onal, B.; Ozer, M.; Acar, S. 2009-01-01 The variation in series resistance and surface state density of Au/n - GaP Schottky diodes have been systematically investigated at room temperature by using capacitance-voltage C-V and conductance-voltage G/w-V measurements techniques. The C-V and G/w-V characteristics of these devices were investigated by considering series resistance effects in a wide frequency range. It is shown that the capacitance of the Au/n - GaP Schottky diode decreases with increasing frequency. It is assumed that the surface states were responsible for this behaviour. The distribution profile of Rs-V gives a peak in the depletion region at low frequencies and disappears with increasing frequencies 19. Collisional excitation transfer between Rb(5P) states in 50–3000 Torr of 4He International Nuclear Information System (INIS) Sell, J F; Gearba, M A; Patterson, B M; Byrne, D; Jemo, G; Meeter, R; Knize, R J; Lilly, T C 2012-01-01 Measurements of the mixing rates and cross sections for collisional excitation transfer between the 5P 1/2 and 5P 3/2 states of rubidium (Rb) in the presence of 4 He buffer gas are presented. Selected pulses from a high repetition rate, mode-locked femtosecond laser are used to excite either Rb state with the fluorescence due to collisional excitation transfer observed by time-correlated single-photon counting. The time dependence of this fluorescence is fitted to the solution of rate equations which include the mixing rate, atomic lifetimes and any quenching processes. The variation in the mixing rate over a large range of buffer gas densities allows the determination of both the binary collisional transfer cross section and a three-body collisional transfer rate. We do not observe any collisional quenching effects at 4 He pressures up to 6 atm and discuss in detail other systematic effects considered in the experiment. (paper) 20. Final State Interactions and Polarization Observables in the Reaction pp → p Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden) Röder Matthias 2012-12-01 Full Text Available Due to the lack of high quality hyperon beams, final state interactions in hyperon production reactions are a compelling tool to study hyperon-nucleon interactions. The COSY-TOF experiment has recently been upgraded in order to reconstruct the pK+Λ final state with sufficient precision to determine the spin triplet pΛ scattering length with a polarized proton beam. We find an unexpected behavior of the K+ analyzing power which prevents the extraction method to be used with the available statistics. A theoretical explanation is pending. Furthermore, the polarized beam together with the self analyzing decay of the Λ allows us to determine the Λ depolarization. This is especially sensitive to K+ and π exchange in the production mechanism. Our finding verifies, to a large extent, the result from DISTO [2] that has so far been the only measurement close to the production threshold. 1. Theory of g-shift and linewidth in CeP excited state EPR International Nuclear Information System (INIS) Yang, D.; Cooper, B.R.; Huang, C.Y.; Sugawara, K. 1979-01-01 The Mori-Zwanzig memory function formalism was used to analyze the observed excited state EPR mode in CeP. The mixing of the Zeeman-split crystal-field excitation by the exchange, particularly among those with degenerate frequencies, yields a normal mode determining the observed low-frequency spectrum. This is illustrated by calculation with Heisenberg exchange which yields a single peak in qualitative agreement with the experiment 2. Studies of beauty baryon decays to D 0 p h - And Λ c + h - Final states NARCIS (Netherlands) 2014-01-01 Decays of beauty baryons to the D0ph- and Λc+h- final states (where h indicates a pion or a kaon) are studied using a data sample of pp collisions, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 1.0 fb-1, collected by the LHCb detector. The Cabibbo-suppressed decays Λb0→D0pK- and Λb0→Λc+K- are 3. Hyperfine structure of the S- and P-wave states of muonic deuterium International Nuclear Information System (INIS) Martynenko, A. P.; Martynenko, G. A.; Sorokin, V. V.; Faustov, R. N. 2016-01-01 Corrections of order α"5 and α"6 to the hyperfine structure of the S- and P-wave states of muonic deuteriumwere calculated on the basis of the quasipotential approach in quantum electrodynamics. Relativistic corrections, vacuum-polarization and deuteron-structure effects, and recoil corrections were taken into account in this calculation. The resulting hyperfine-splitting values can be used in a comparison with experimental data obtained by the CREMA Collaboration. 4. Energy independent scaling of the ridge and final state description of high multiplicity p +p collisions at √{s }=7 and 13 TeV Science.gov (United States) Sarkar, Debojit 2018-02-01 An energy independent scaling of the near-side ridge yield at a given multiplicity has been observed by the ATLAS and the CMS collaborations in p +p collisions at √{s }=7 and 13 TeV. Such a striking feature of the data can be successfully explained by approaches based on initial state momentum space correlation generated due to gluon saturation. In this paper, we try to examine if such a scaling is also an inherent feature of the approaches that employ strong final state interaction in p +p collisions. We find that hydrodynamical modeling of p +p collisions using EPOS 3 shows a violation of such scaling. The current study can, therefore, provide important new insights on the origin of long-range azimuthal correlations in high multiplicity p +p collisions at the LHC energies. 5. Phosphorus (32 P) adsorption kinetics and equilibrium in soils of Pernambuco State, Brazil International Nuclear Information System (INIS) 1996-01-01 The objective of this work was to determine the relationship between the P fixing capacity of various soils and their hydrous oxide content. The relationship with other soil variables was also analysed. This fixing capacity was evaluated through adsorption isotherms and isotopic exchange kinetics of 32 P in samples with high and low P concentrations. Samples from 11 soils, cultivated with sugar-cane, representing five soil classes (non-humic gley, red-yellow Podzolic, red-yellow latossolic, distrofic quartzitic sand and distrofic organic). The soils were sampled in the southern humid coastal region of the state of Pernambuco. Soil were sampled immediately after harvest of the plant-cane. The results of the basic soil chemical analysis showed that all soils had pH values in the acid range,varying from 3.87 to 6.31. Total organic C was always less than 12 mg C/g, except for the organic soil that had 75 mg C/g soil. In soils with R 1 /R 0 between 0,01 and 0,1 the proportion of resin P oscillated between 10 and 20 of the increase in total inorganic P, while in those with R 1 /R 0 > 0,1 the proportion was larger than 20% with one exception. (author). 44 refs., 9 figs., 6 tabs 6. The effect of multiaxial stress state on creep behavior and fracture mechanism of P92 steel Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB) Chang, Yuan; Xu, Hong, E-mail: xuhong@ncepu.edu.cn; Ni, Yongzhong; Lan, Xiang; Li, Hongyuan 2015-06-11 The creep experiments on plain and double U-typed notched specimens were conducted on P92 steel at 650 °C. The notch strengthening effect was found in the notched specimens. Fracture appearance observed by scanning electron microscopy revealed that dimpled fracture for relatively blunt notched specimen, and dimpled fracture doubled with intergranular brittle fracture for relatively sharp notched specimen, which meant that fracture mechanism of P92 steel altered due to the presence of the notch. Meanwhile, based on Norton–Bailey and Kachanov–Robotnov constitutive models, a modified model was proposed. Finite element simulations were carried out to investigate the effect of multiaxial stress state on the creep behavior, fracture mechanism and damage evolvement of P92 steel. The simulation results agreed well with the fracture behaviors observed experimentally. 7. Near-threshold electron-impact excitation of the (2p53s2)2P3/2,1/2 autoionizing states in sodium International Nuclear Information System (INIS) Borovik, A; Zatsarinny, O; Bartschat, K 2008-01-01 The ejected-electron excitation functions of the J = 3/2, 1/2 components of the (2p 5 3s 2 ) 2 P leading autoionizing doublet in sodium atoms were measured at an incident electron energy resolution of 0.25 eV over the incident electron energy range from the lowest excitation threshold up to 36 eV. On the basis of 56-state R-matrix (close-coupling) calculations, the observed strong near-threshold structures were classified as negative-ion resonances with likely configurations 2p 5 3s 2 3p and 2p 5 3s3p 2 8. (p,p') studies of spin excitations in nuclei and of J = 4 nuclear states: Technical progress report International Nuclear Information System (INIS) Baker, T. 1989-01-01 During 1988 three experiments were performed. These were: 1 H, 12 C(/rvec n/,p), E/sub n/ = 860 MeV, at SATURNE, 40 Ca(/rvec p/,/rvec p/'), E/sub p/ = 581 MeV, at LAMPF, and 208 Pb(/rvec p/,/rvec p/'), E/sub p/ = 200 MeV at TRIUMF. The purpose of the (n,p) experiment, performed in June and July, was to attempt to corroborate the previously observed shifts in the ( 3 He,t) quasielastic and Δ peaks. The data are being analyzed, and since there was virtually no on-line readout during this experiment, the results are as yet unknown. 4 refs., 4 figs 9. How well do we know the quantum numbers of possible anti p p → M1M2 states International Nuclear Information System (INIS) Lanou, R.E. 1979-01-01 Information is available to completely analyze the p anti p → ππ reaction, allowing more global, large-scale, phenomenological analyses which combine the two experimental data sets in an energy independent, amplitude analysis which also includes pion-nucleon data. It would appear from the preliminary analyses of p anti p → M 1 M 2 angular distributions and polarizations the T-region may indeed contain some very interesting activity 10. Language Presentation of Characters’ Sleeping State A.P. Chekhov’s "Drama on Hunting" Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden) Li Kho 2017-10-01 Full Text Available The state of sleep is the natural physiological state of a person that is necessary to continue life, therefore this state can be described in a work of art when characterizing the characters, especially when the dream is broken, and also in the event of dreams. Dreams in the artistic text allow the reader to penetrate into the depths of the psychic sphere of the character. In the story by A.P. Chekhov «Drama on Hunting» dreams that contain certain events and represent certain substances are associated with those phenomena that occurred in the life of the main character Zinoviev. At the same time, they describe the unreal substances and events, which, as it becomes clear later, have a prophetic character. The state of sleep, its violation, the idea of what can dream, why this dreaming occur, the characterization of sleep given by another character has to do with the inner psychological state of different characters. Thus, the reader is presented with the sphere of the unconscious, it is possible to determine the significance of this sphere in the life of the characters of the story. 11. Hybrid diffusion-P3 equation in N-layered turbid media: steady-state domain. Science.gov (United States) Shi, Zhenzhi; Zhao, Huijuan; Xu, Kexin 2011-10-01 This paper discusses light propagation in N-layered turbid media. The hybrid diffusion-P3 equation is solved for an N-layered finite or infinite turbid medium in the steady-state domain for one point source using the extrapolated boundary condition. The Fourier transform formalism is applied to derive the analytical solutions of the fluence rate in Fourier space. Two inverse Fourier transform methods are developed to calculate the fluence rate in real space. In addition, the solutions of the hybrid diffusion-P3 equation are compared to the solutions of the diffusion equation and the Monte Carlo simulation. For the case of small absorption coefficients, the solutions of the N-layered diffusion equation and hybrid diffusion-P3 equation are almost equivalent and are in agreement with the Monte Carlo simulation. For the case of large absorption coefficients, the model of the hybrid diffusion-P3 equation is more precise than that of the diffusion equation. In conclusion, the model of the hybrid diffusion-P3 equation can replace the diffusion equation for modeling light propagation in the N-layered turbid media for a wide range of absorption coefficients. 12. Development of a Dual Solid-State pH-AT Sensor Science.gov (United States) Briggs, E.; Martz, T. R.; Kummel, A.; Sandoval, S.; Erten, A. 2016-02-01 Here we report on our progress toward development of a solid state, reagentless sensor capable of rapid and simultaneous measurement of pH and Total Alkalinity (AT) using ion sensitive field effect transistor (ISFET) technology. The goal of this work is to provide a means of continuous, direct measurement of the seawater carbon dioxide system through measurement of two "master variables" (pH and AT). ISFET-based pH sensors that achieve 0.001 precision are presently in widespread use on autonomous oceanographic platforms. Modifications to an ISFET allow a nL-scale acid-base titration of total alkalinity to be carried out in 10 s. Titrant, H+, is generated through the electrolysis of water on the surface of the chip eliminating the requirement of external reagents. Initial characterization has been performed titrating individual components (i.e. OH-, HCO3-, CO32-, PO43-) of seawater AT. Based on previous work by others in simple acid-base systems and our preliminary results in seawater we feel that it is within reach to set a benchmark goal of 10 μmol kg-1 precision in AT. The estimated resolution of this dual pH-AT sensor translates to approximately 0.5 and 0.7% error in Total Dissolved Inorganic Carbon (CT) and pCO2 respectively and would have a number of immediate applications for investigating biogeochemical processes where strong gradients exist over short distances and in rapidly changing environments. 13. Autistic Traits Affect P300 Response to Unexpected Events, regardless of Mental State Inferences Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden) Mitsuhiko Ishikawa 2017-01-01 Full Text Available Limited use of contextual information has been suggested as a way of understanding cognition in people with autism spectrum disorder (ASD. However, it has also been argued that individuals with ASD may have difficulties inferring others’ mental states. Here, we examined how individuals with different levels of autistic traits respond to contextual deviations by measuring event-related potentials that reflect context usage. The Autism Spectrum Quotient (AQ was used to quantify autistic-like traits in 28 university students, and 19 participants were defined as Low or High AQ groups. To additionally examine inferences about mental state, two belief conditions (with or without false belief were included. Participants read short stories in which the final sentence included either an expected or an unexpected word and rated the word’s degree of deviation from expectation. P300 waveform analysis revealed that unexpected words were associated with larger P300 waveforms for the Low AQ group, but smaller P300 responses in the High AQ group. Additionally, AQ social skill subscores were positively correlated with evaluation times in the Unexpected condition, whether a character’s belief was false or not. This suggests that autistic traits can affect responses to unexpected events, possibly because of decreased availability of context information. 14. Fermentation pH influences the physiological-state dynamics of Lactobacillus bulgaricus CFL1 during pH-controlled culture. Science.gov (United States) Rault, Aline; Bouix, Marielle; Béal, Catherine 2009-07-01 This study aims at better understanding the effects of fermentation pH and harvesting time on Lactobacillus bulgaricus CFL1 cellular state in order to improve knowledge of the dynamics of the physiological state and to better manage starter production. The Cinac system and multiparametric flow cytometry were used to characterize and compare the progress of the physiological events that occurred during pH 6 and pH 5 controlled cultures. Acidification activity, membrane damage, enzymatic activity, cellular depolarization, intracellular pH, and pH gradient were determined and compared during growing conditions. Strong differences in the time course of viability, membrane integrity, and acidification activity were displayed between pH 6 and pH 5 cultures. As a main result, the pH 5 control during fermentation allowed the cells to maintain a more robust physiological state, with high viability and stable acidification activity throughout growth, in opposition to a viability decrease and fluctuation of activity at pH 6. This result was mainly explained by differences in lactate concentration in the culture medium and in pH gradient value. The elevated content of the ionic lactate form at high pH values damaged membrane integrity that led to a viability decrease. In contrast, the high pH gradient observed throughout pH 5 cultures was associated with an increased energetic level that helped the cells maintain their physiological state. Such results may benefit industrial starter producers and fermented-product manufacturers by allowing them to better control the quality of their starters, before freezing or before using them for food fermentation. 15. Final state selection in the 4p photoemission of Rb by combining laser spectroscopy with soft-x-ray photoionization International Nuclear Information System (INIS) Schulz, J.; Tchaplyguine, M.; Rander, T.; Bergersen, H.; Lindblad, A.; Oehrwall, G.; Svensson, S.; Heinaesmaeki, S.; Sankari, R.; Osmekhin, S.; Aksela, S.; Aksela, H. 2005-01-01 Fine structure resolved 4p photoemission studies have been performed on free rubidium atoms in the ground state and after excitation into the [Kr]5p 2 P 1/2 and 2 P 3/2 states. The 4p 5 5p final states have been excited in the 4p 6 5s→4p 5 5p conjugate shakeup process from ground state atoms as well as by direct photoemission from laser excited atoms. The relative intensities differ considerably in these three excitation schemes. The differences in the laser excited spectra could be described well using calculations based on the pure jK-coupling scheme. Thereby it was possible to specify the character of the various final states. Furthermore it has been possible to resolve two of the final states whose energy separation is smaller than the experimental resolution by selectively exciting them in a two step scheme, where the laser selects the spin-orbit coupling in the intermediate state and determines the final state coupling after x-ray photoemission 16. Measurements of photoionization cross sections from the 4p, 5d and 7s excited states of potassium International Nuclear Information System (INIS) Amin, Nasir; Mahmood, S.; Haq, S.U.; Kalyar, M.A.; Rafiq, M.; Baig, M.A. 2008-01-01 New measurements of the photoionization cross sections from the 4p 2 P 1/2,3/2 , 5d 2 D 5/2,3/2 and 7s 2 S 1/2 excited states of potassium are presented. The cross sections have been measured by two-step excitation and ionization using a Nd:YAG laser in conjunction with a thermionic diode ion detector. By applying the saturation technique, the absolute values of the cross sections from the 4p 2 P 3/2 and 4p 2 P 1/2 states at 355 nm are determined as 7.2±1.1 and 5.6±0.8 Mb, respectively. The photoionization cross section from the 5d 2 D 5/2,3/2 excited state has been measured using two excitation paths, two-step excitation and two-photon excitation from the ground state. The measured values of the cross sections from the 5d 2 D 5/2 state by two-photon excitation from the ground state is 28.9±4.3 Mb, whereas in the two-step excitation, the cross section from the 5d 2 D 3/2 state via the 4p 2 P 1/2 state and from the 5d 2 D 5/2,3/2 states via the 4p 2 P 3/2 state are determined as 25.1±3.8 and 30.2±4.5 Mb, respectively. Besides, we have measured the photoionization cross sections from the 7s 2 S 1/2 excited state using the two-photon excitation from the ground state as 0.61±0.09 Mb 17. Theoretical investigation of the Omega(g,u)(+/-) states of K2 dissociating adiabatically up to K(4p 2P(3/2)) + K(4p 2P(3/2)). Science.gov (United States) Jraij, A; Allouche, A R; Magnier, S; Aubert-Frécon, M 2009-06-28 A theoretical investigation of the electronic structure of the K(2) molecule, including spin-orbit effects, has been performed. Potential energies have been calculated over a large range of R up to 75a(0) for the 88 Omega(g,u)(+/-) states dissociating adiabatically into the limits up to K(4p (2)P(3/2))+K(4p (2)P(3/2)). Equilibrium distances, transition energies, harmonic frequencies, as well as depths for wells and heights for barriers are reported for all of the bound Omega(g,u)(+/-) states. Present ab initio calculations are shown to be able to reproduce quite accurately the small structures (wells and barrier) displayed at very long-range (R>50a(0)) by the (2,3)1(u) and (2)0(g)(-) purely long-range states. As the present data could help experimentalists, we make available extensive tables of energy values versus internuclear distances in our database at the web address http://www-lasim.univ-lyon1.fr/spip.php?rubrique99. 18. Photoionization cross section of the 4p55d[7/2] J=4 state and radiative lifetimes of three states of Kr I International Nuclear Information System (INIS) Cannon, B.D.; Glab, W.L.; Ogorzalek-Loo, R. 1993-01-01 Three states in Kr I were studied in a pure Kr discharge at pressures ≤15 mTorr. Two-photon excitation from the metastable 4p 5 5s[3/2] J=2 state produced the 4p 5 5d[7/2] J=4 state whose photoionization cross section and lifetime were measured. The photoionization cross section at λ=1064 nm is 32±5 Mb, and the radiative lifetime is 142±12 ns. One-photon excitation produced the 4p 5 5p[5/2] J=2 and J=3 states of Kr I, whose radiative lifetimes were measured. In contrast to previous lifetime measurements of these two 5p states, this work used both state-specific excitation and low pressures. The pressures were low enough that collisional transfer between these two states was negligible. In a very clean 8-mm-diam cell, the 5p[5/2] J=3 lifetime increased with Kr pressure. This increase is attributed to radiation trapping on the 5s[3/2] J=2 to 5p[5/2] J=3 transition. This radiation trapping by the metastable first excited state of Kr I was observed in a pure Kr discharge at pressures below 4 mTorr 19. Doubly excited P-wave resonance states of H− in Debye plasmas International Nuclear Information System (INIS) Jiao, L. G.; Ho, Y. K. 2013-01-01 We investigate the doubly excited P-wave resonance states of H − system in Debye plasmas modeled by static screened Coulomb potentials. The screening effects of the plasma environment on resonance parameters (energy and width) are investigated by employing the complex-scaling method with Hylleraas-type wave functions for both the shape and Feshbach resonances associated with the H(N = 2 to 6) thresholds. Under the screening conditions, the H(N) threshold states are no longer l degenerate, and all the H − resonance energy levels are shifted away from their unscreened values toward the continuum. The influence of Debye plasmas on resonance widths has also been investigated. The shape resonance widths are broadened with increasing plasma screening strength, whereas the Feshbach resonance widths would generally decrease. Our results associated with the H(N = 2) and H(N = 3) thresholds are compared with others in the literature 20. Investigation of states in 30P via the 30Si(3He,t)30P reaction at 30 MeV International Nuclear Information System (INIS) Ramstein, B.; Rosier, L.H.; Paris-11 Univ., 91 - Orsay; Meijer, R.J. de 1981-01-01 The 30 Si( 3 He,t) 30 P reaction has been measured for about 100 levels in 30 P with Esub(x)<8.8 MeV. Little selectivity in the population of states has been observed. For 75 levels angular distributions have been analysed using a 'fingerprint method' by determining the L-value from a comparison in shape with transition to states with known Jsup(π). For possible mixed L-transitions a dominance of the higher L-value is observed for almost all cases. Coulomb displacement energy calculations utilizing shell-model wave functions have been used to identify T=1 states 1. Search for narrow pp states in the reaction pi /sup -/p to p pi /sup - /pp at 16 GeV/c CERN Document Server Chung, S U; Bensinger, J; Button-Shafer, J; Dhar, S; Dowd, J; Etkin, A; Fernow, R; Foley, K; Goldman, J H; Kern, W; Kirk, H; Kopp, J; Kramer, M A; Lesnik, A; Lichti, R; Lindenbaum, S J; Love, W; Mallik, U; Morris, T; Morris, W; Ozaki, S; Platner, E; Protopopescu, S D; Saulys, A; Weygand, D P; Wheeler, C D; Willen, E; Winik, M 1980-01-01 This Letter carries out a sensitive ( approximately 5 events/nb) search for narrow pp states at the Brookhaven National Laboratory multiparticle spectrometer. No evidence is found for such states in the mass range 1900-2400 MeV/c/sup 2/ in the reaction pi /sup -/p to p pi /sup -/pp at 16 GeV/c. In particular, the pp states at 2020 and 2200 MeV/c/sup 2/ previously reported in a CERN Omega -spectrometer experiment are not observed. (7 refs). 2. Determination of the 1s2{\\ell }2{{\\ell }}^{\\prime } state production ratios {{}^{4}P}^{o}/{}^{2}P, {}^{2}D/{}^{2}P and {{}^{2}P}_{+}/{{}^{2}P}_{-} from fast (1{s}^{2},1s2s\\,{}^{3}S) mixed-state He-like ion beams in collisions with H2 targets Science.gov (United States) Benis, E. P.; Zouros, T. J. M. 2016-12-01 New results are presented on the ratio {R}m={σ }{T2p}( {}4P)/{σ }{T2p}({}2P) concerning the production cross sections of Li-like 1s2s2p quartet and doublet P states formed in energetic ion-atom collisions by single 2p electron transfer to the metastable 1s2s {}3S component of the He-like ion beam. Spin statistics predict a value of R m = 2 independent of the collision system in disagreement with most reported measurements of {R}m≃ 1{--}9. A new experimental approach is presented for the evaluation of R m having some practical advantages over earlier approaches. It also allows for the determination of the separate contributions of ground- and metastable-state beam components to the measured spectra. Applying our technique to zero-degree Auger projectile spectra from 4.5 MeV {{{B}}}3+ (Benis et al 2002 Phys. Rev. A 65 064701) and 25.3 MeV {{{F}}}7+ (Zamkov et al 2002 Phys. Rev. A 65 062706) mixed state (1{s}2 {}1S,1s2s {}3S) He-like ion collisions with H2 targets, we report new values of {R}m=3.5+/- 0.4 for boron and {R}m=1.8+/- 0.3 for fluorine. In addition, the ratios of {}2D/{}2P and {{}2P}+/{{}2P}- populations from either the metastable and/or ground state beam component, also relevant to this analysis, are evaluated and compared to previously reported results for carbon collisions on helium (Strohschein et al 2008 Phys. Rev. A 77 022706) including a critical comparison to theory. 3. Chemical states of p-boronophenylalanine in aqueous carboxylic acids and polyols International Nuclear Information System (INIS) Kobayashi, Mitsue; Kitaoka, Yoshinori 1995-01-01 Chemical states of p-boronophenylalanine were studied by infrared (IR) spectroscopy in aqueous carboxylic acids and in aqueous fructose. For BPA in water, the absorption band due to the B-O stretching of trigonal boron was observed, while that of tetrahedral boron was observed for BPA in aqueous oxalic acid. This means BPA forms a complex of tetrahedral boron with oxalate. It was proved that BPA also formed complexes of tetrahedral boron with citric acid as well as with fructose. No appreciable interaction was detected between BPA and maleic acid. (author) 4. Solid State pH Sensor Based on Light Emitting Diodes (LED) As Detector Platform OpenAIRE Lau, King Tong; Shepherd, R.; Diamond, Danny; Diamond, Dermot 2006-01-01 A low-power, high sensitivity, very low-cost light emitting diode (LED)-based device developed for low-cost sensor networks was modified with bromocresol green membrane to work as a solid-state pH sensor. In this approach, a reverse-biased LED functioning as a photodiode is coupled with a second LED configured in conventional emission mode. A simple timer circuit measures how long (in microsecond) it takes for the photocurrent generated on the detector LED to discharge its capacitance from lo... 5. Influence of refraction of p-polarized light on photoemission from metallic surface states International Nuclear Information System (INIS) Bagchi, A.; Barrera, R.G. 1979-01-01 The refraction of p-polarized light at a metal surface leads, under certain circumstances, to a large peak in the spatial distribution of the normal component of the electric field near the surface. The origin of this peak is explained both in terms of a classical correspondence and in terms of a theory based on the non-local dielectric response of the metal surface. The significance of the large magnitude and rapid variation of the surface electric field in exciting photoelectrons from surface states is discussed [pt 6. Boson states in the reaction π-p → π-π-π+p with leading π+ meson at 25 GeV/c International Nuclear Information System (INIS) Antipov, Yu.M.; Baud, R. 1975-01-01 The reaction π - + pp + π - + π - + π + at 25 GeV/c was studied in the mass region M sub(3π) >>= 1.8 GeV with leading π + in the final state. The mass spectrum of π 1 π - -system evidently shows peaks rho deg, f, g deg resonances and an enhancement in S'-region. It is shown that the g deg and π - mesons are mainly in A4 state J sub(P) = 3 + S-wave g degπ - like A1(sup(rhoπ)) and A3(sup(fπ)) 7. Impurity Resonant States p-type Doping in Wide-Band-Gap Nitrides Science.gov (United States) Liu, Zhiqiang; Yi, Xiaoyan; Yu, Zhiguo; Yuan, Gongdong; Liu, Yang; Wang, Junxi; Li, Jinmin; Lu, Na; Ferguson, Ian; Zhang, Yong 2016-01-01 In this work, a new strategy for achieving efficient p-type doping in high bandgap nitride semiconductors to overcome the fundamental issue of high activation energy has been proposed and investigated theoretically, and demonstrated experimentally. Specifically, in an AlxGa1-xN/GaN superlattice structure, by modulation doping of Mg in the AlxGa1-xN barriers, high concentration of holes are generated throughout the material. A hole concentration as high as 1.1 × 1018 cm-3 has been achieved, which is about one order of magnitude higher than that typically achievable by direct doping GaN. Results from first-principle calculations indicate that the coupling and hybridization between Mg 2p impurity and the host N 2p orbitals are main reasons for the generation of resonant states in the GaN wells, which further results in the high hole concentration. We expect this approach to be equally applicable for other high bandgap materials where efficient p-type doing is difficult. Furthermore, a two-carrier-species Hall-effect model is proposed to delineate and discriminate the characteristics of the bulk and 2D hole, which usually coexist in superlattice-like doping systems. The model reported here can also be used to explain the abnormal freeze-in effect observed in many previous reports. 8. New excited states in sd-shell nucleus {sup 33}P Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB) Fu, B.; Reiter, P.; Arnswald, K.; Hess, H.; Hirsch, R.; Lewandowski, L.; Schneiders, D.; Seidlitz, M.; Siebeck, B.; Steinbach, T.; Vogt, A.; Wendt, A.; Wolf, K. [Institut fuer Kernphysik, Universitaet zu Koeln (Germany) 2015-07-01 Isospin-symmetry breaking in nuclear physics is mainly described by Mirror-Energy Differences (MED) for mirror nuclei or Triplet-Energy Differences (TED) for isobaric triplets. Modified USD-calculations successfully reproduce MED for T=1,3/2,2 sd-shell nuclei. Refined tests of theory are given by lifetime measurements in order to deduce transition-strength values. In order to study the mirror pair {sup 33}Ar and {sup 33}P, the fusion-evaporation reaction {sup 13}C+{sup 26}Mg at 46 MeV was measured at the Cologne tandem accelerator and the HORUS spectrometer employing the Doppler-Shift-Attenuation-Method (DSAM). First results yielded new γ-ray transitions in {sup 33}P and {sup 33}S. The level scheme of {sup 33}P was extended up to excitation energies of 10 MeV. Spins and parities of the new levels were determined exploiting γγ-angular correlations. Together with values from the proton-rich T{sub z} = - 3/2 partner, the levels are compared to shell model calculations, describing excitation energies of sd -shell mirror pairs. The understanding of isospin symmetry and isospin-symmetry breaking is a fundamental question in nuclear physics. Isospin-symmetry breaking is mainly described by Mirror-Energy Differences (MED) for mirror nuclei or Triplet-Energy Differences (TED) for isobaric triplets. Modified USD{sup m}{sub 1,2,3}-calculations successfully reproduced MED for the mirror nuclei {sup 33}Ar and {sup 33}P. Both {sup 33}P and {sup 33}S were produced at the Cologne FN tandem accelerator employing the fusion-evaporation reaction {sup 13}C+{sup 26}Mg at 46 MeV and spectroscopically investigated using 14 HPGe detectors. Several new energy states (in {sup 33}P) and γ-ray transitions (in {sup 33}P and {sup 33}S) were detected. Spins and parities of the new levels in {sup 33}P were determined exploiting γγ-angular correlations. The level scheme of {sup 33}P was extended up to excitation energies of 10 MeV. 9. MMN and novelty P3 in coma and other altered states of consciousness: a review. Science.gov (United States) Morlet, Dominique; Fischer, Catherine 2014-07-01 In recent decades, there has been a growing interest in the assessment of patients in altered states of consciousness. There is a need for accurate and early prediction of awakening and recovery from coma. Neurophysiological assessment of coma was once restricted to brainstem auditory and primary cortex somatosensory evoked potentials elicited in the 30 ms range, which have both shown good predictive value for poor coma outcome only. In this paper, we review how passive auditory oddball paradigms including deviant and novel sounds have proved their efficiency in assessing brain function at a higher level, without requiring the patient's active involvement, thus providing an enhanced tool for the prediction of coma outcome. The presence of an MMN in response to deviant stimuli highlights preserved automatic sensory memory processes. Recorded during coma, MMN has shown high specificity as a predictor of recovery of consciousness. The presence of a novelty P3 in response to the subject's own first name presented as a novel (rare) stimulus has shown a good correlation with coma awakening. There is now a growing interest in the search for markers of consciousness, if there are any, in unresponsive patients (chronic vegetative or minimally conscious states). We discuss the different ERP patterns observed in these patients. The presence of novelty P3, including parietal components and possibly followed by a late parietal positivity, raises the possibility that some awareness processes are at work in these unresponsive patients. 10. Some solid state properties of LiF:Mg,Cu,P TL-materials Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB) Prokert, K [Dresden Univ. of Technology (Georgia). Inst. of Radiation Protection 1996-12-31 This paper describes some investigations of solid state characteristics of a LiF:Mg,Cu,P thermoluminofor. The investigations were carried out with LiF:Mg,Cu,P-thermoluminescence (TL)-material prepared by the chemical institute of the Moscow State University in form of powder and sintered pellets. Following methods were used: (1) Studies of the chemical composition was carried out by x-ray fluorescence analysis with SPECTRO-X-LAB-equipment with Rh-anode, B{sub 4}C-polarizator, LN{sub 2}-cooled 30 mm{sup 2} Si(Li)-detector with Be-window (energy resolution 155 keV for Mn-k{sub {alpha}}-radiation). The software of the equipment permits a qualitative and quantitative determination of elements with atomic numbers >10; (2) investigations of the crystal structure were taken by x-ray-diffractometry with a SIEMENS-diffractometer D 500 using Cu-k{sub {alpha}}-radiation. The integrated software permits to analyze the crystalline phases using the data of the measured material by comparison with standards spectra of various pure substances. The results of determination of the chemical composition and the crystal structure show that in the thermoluminofor LiF:Mg,Cu,P, besides the basic material LiF also Li{sub 3}PO{sub 4}- and Li{sub 4}P{sub 2}O{sub 7}-crystal regions exists. The occurrence of the two lithium phosphate phases follow from the high ammonium phosphate content in the mixture for the thermoluminofor production. The formation of the various lithium phosphates depends from state of dehydration of phosphoric acids, created by thermal decomposition of NH{sub 4}H{sub 2}PO{sub 4} before their reactions with LiF start. Therefore the content of these compounds can differ if thermoluminofors are prepared under various conditions. The maintenance of the needed equilibrium of special structures in the material depends on the preparation procedure, on the reading and annealing methods. Typically for such an equilibrium is its poor thermal stability. (Abstract Truncated) 11. Chemical state of mercury and selenium in sewage sludge ash based P-fertilizers Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB) Vogel, Christian, E-mail: cv.vogel@yahoo.de [Division 4.4 Thermochemical Residues Treatment and Resource Recovery, Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und −prüfung (BAM), Unter den Eichen 87, 12205 Berlin (Germany); Krüger, Oliver; Herzel, Hannes [Division 4.4 Thermochemical Residues Treatment and Resource Recovery, Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und −prüfung (BAM), Unter den Eichen 87, 12205 Berlin (Germany); Amidani, Lucia [ESRF—The European Synchrotron, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, 38000 Grenoble (France); Adam, Christian [Division 4.4 Thermochemical Residues Treatment and Resource Recovery, Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und −prüfung (BAM), Unter den Eichen 87, 12205 Berlin (Germany) 2016-08-05 Highlights: • Mercury bonded to carbon/organic material was detected in some sewage sludge ashes. • After thermochemcial treatment some mercury remains stabilized in the SSA matrix. • Analysis of the chemical state of mercury and selenium in highly diluted samples. - Abstract: Phosphorus-fertilizers from secondary resources such as sewage sludge ash (SSA) will become more important in the future as they could substitute conventional fertilizers based on the nonrenewable resource phosphate rock. Thermochemical approaches were developed which remove heavy metals from SSA prior to its fertilizer application on farmlands. We analyzed the chemical state of mercury and selenium in SSA before and after thermochemical treatment under different conditions for P-fertilizer production by X-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES) spectroscopy. In some incineration plants the mercury loaded carbon adsorber from off-gas cleaning was collected together with the SSA for waste disposal. SSAs from those plants contained mercury mainly bound to carbon/organic material. The other SSAs contained inorganic mercury compounds which are most probably stabilized in the SSA matrix and were thus not evaporated during incineration. During thermochemical treatment, carbon-bound mercury was removed quantitatively. In contrast, a certain immobile fraction of inorganic mercury compounds remained in thermochemically treated SSA, which were not clearly identified. HgSe might be one of the inorganic compounds, which is supported by results of Se K-edge XANES spectroscopy. Furthermore, the chemical state of selenium in the SSAs was very sensitive to the conditions of the thermochemical treatment. 12. Higher Fock states and power counting in exclusive P-wave quarkonium decays CERN Document Server Bolz, J; Schuler, G A; Bolz, Jan; Kroll, Peter; Schuler, Gerhard A. 1998-01-01 Exclusive processes at large momentum transfer Q factor into perturbatively calculable short-distance parts and long-distance hadronic wave functions. Usually, only contributions from the leading Fock states have to be included to leading order in 1/Q. We show that for exclusive decays of P-wave quarkonia the contribution from the next-higher Fock state |Q Qbar g> contributes at the same order in 1/Q. We investigate how the constituent gluon attaches to the hard process in order to form colour-singlet final-state hadrons and argue that a single additional long-distance factor is sufficient to parametrize the size of its contribution. Incorporating transverse degrees of freedom and Sudakov factors, our results are perturbatively stable in the sense that soft phase-space contributions are largely suppressed. Explicit calculations yield good agreement with data on chi_{c J} decays into pairs of pions, kaons, and etas. We also comment on J/psi decays into two pions. 13. Gravity-driven pH adjustment for site-specific protein pKa measurement by solution-state NMR Science.gov (United States) Li, Wei 2017-12-01 To automate pH adjustment in site-specific protein pKa measurement by solution-state NMR, I present a funnel with two caps for the standard 5 mm NMR tube. The novelty of this simple-to-build and inexpensive apparatus is that it allows automatic gravity-driven pH adjustment within the magnet, and consequently results in a fully automated NMR-monitored pH titration without any hardware modification on the NMR spectrometer. 14. Solid State pH Sensor Based on Light Emitting Diodes (LED As Detector Platform Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden) Dermot Diamond 2006-08-01 Full Text Available A low-power, high sensitivity, very low-cost light emitting diode (LED-baseddevice developed for low-cost sensor networks was modified with bromocresol greenmembrane to work as a solid-state pH sensor. In this approach, a reverse-biased LEDfunctioning as a photodiode is coupled with a second LED configured in conventionalemission mode. A simple timer circuit measures how long (in microsecond it takes for thephotocurrent generated on the detector LED to discharge its capacitance from logic 1 ( 5 Vto logic 0 ( 1.7 V. The entire instrument provides an inherently digital output of lightintensity measurements for a few cents. A light dependent resistor (LDR modified withsimilar sensor membrane was also used as a comparison method. Both the LED sensor andthe LDR sensor responded to various pH buffer solutions in a similar way to obtainsigmoidal curves expected of the dye. The pKa value obtained for the sensors was found toagree with the literature value. 15. Solid State pH Sensor Based on Light Emitting Diodes (LED) As Detector Platform Science.gov (United States) Lau, King Tong; Shepherd, R.; Diamond, Danny; Diamond, Dermot 2006-01-01 A low-power, high sensitivity, very low-cost light emitting diode (LED)-based device developed for low-cost sensor networks was modified with bromocresol green membrane to work as a solid-state pH sensor. In this approach, a reverse-biased LED functioning as a photodiode is coupled with a second LED configured in conventional emission mode. A simple timer circuit measures how long (in microsecond) it takes for the photocurrent generated on the detector LED to discharge its capacitance from logic 1 (+5 V) to logic 0 (+1.7 V). The entire instrument provides an inherently digital output of light intensity measurements for a few cents. A light dependent resistor (LDR) modified with similar sensor membrane was also used as a comparison method. Both the LED sensor and the LDR sensor responded to various pH buffer solutions in a similar way to obtain sigmoidal curves expected of the dye. The pKa value obtained for the sensors was found to agree with the literature value. 16. Hadronic final states in high -pT QCD at CDF Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB) Matera, Keith [University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign 2013-11-18 The heavy quark content of gauge boson events is of great interest to studies of QCD. These events probe the gluon and heavy-quark parton distribution functions of the proton, and also provide a measurement of the rate of final state gluon splitting to heavy flavor. In addition, gauge boson plus heavy quark events are representative of backgrounds to Higgs, single top, and supersymmetric particle searches. Recent work with the CDF II detector at the Fermilab Tevatron has measured the cross-section of several gauge boson plus heavy flavor production processes, including the first Tevatron observation of specific charm process p{p bar} → W +c. Results are found to be in agreement with NLO predictions that include an enhanced rate of g → {cc bar}/bb splitting. Lastly, a new analysis promises to probe a lower pT (c) region than has been previously explored, by fully reconstructing D* → D0(Kπ)π decays in the full CDF dataset (9.7 fb-1). 17. Solid State Sensor for Simultaneous Measurement of Total Alkalinity and pH of Seawater. Science.gov (United States) Briggs, Ellen M; Sandoval, Sergio; Erten, Ahmet; Takeshita, Yuichiro; Kummel, Andrew C; Martz, Todd R 2017-09-22 A novel design is demonstrated for a solid state, reagent-less sensor capable of rapid and simultaneous measurement of pH and Total Alkalinity (A T ) using ion sensitive field effect transistor (ISFET) technology to provide a simplified means of characterization of the aqueous carbon dioxide system through measurement of two "master variables": pH and A T . ISFET-based pH sensors that achieve 0.001 precision are widely used in various oceanographic applications. A modified ISFET is demonstrated to perform a nanoliter-scale acid-base titration of A T in under 40 s. This method of measuring A T , a Coulometric Diffusion Titration, involves electrolytic generation of titrant, H + , through the electrolysis of water on the surface of the chip via a microfabricated electrode eliminating the requirement of external reagents. Characterization has been performed in seawater as well as titrating individual components (i.e., OH - , HCO 3 - , CO 3 2- , B(OH) 4 - , PO 4 3- ) of seawater A T . The seawater measurements are consistent with the design in reaching the benchmark goal of 0.5% precision in A T over the range of seawater A T of ∼2200-2500 μmol kg -1 which demonstrates great potential for autonomous sensing. 18. Crystallization and evaluation of hen egg-white lysozyme crystals for protein pH titration in the crystalline state. Science.gov (United States) Iwai, Wakari; Yagi, Daichi; Ishikawa, Takuya; Ohnishi, Yuki; Tanaka, Ichiro; Niimura, Nobuo 2008-05-01 To observe the ionized status of the amino acid residues in proteins at different pH (protein pH titration in the crystalline state) by neutron diffraction, hen egg-white lysozyme was crystallized over a wide pH range (2.5-8.0). Crystallization phase diagrams at pH 2.5, 6.0 and 7.5 were determined. At pH diagram, and at pH > 4.5 the border shifted to the right (higher precipitant concentration). The qualities of these crystals were characterized using the Wilson plot method. The qualities of all crystals at different pH were more or less equivalent (B-factor values within 25-40). It is expected that neutron diffraction analysis of these crystals of different pH provides equivalent data in quality for discussions of protein pH titration in the crystalline state of hen egg-white lysozyme. 19. The interference effects in the alignment and orientation of the Kr II 4p45p states following Kr I 3d9np resonance excitation International Nuclear Information System (INIS) Lagutin, B M; Petrov, I D; Sukhorukov, V L; Demekhin, Ph V; Zimmermann, B; Mickat, S; Kammer, S; Schartner, K-H; Ehresmann, A; Shutov, Yu A; Schmoranzer, H 2003-01-01 The energy dependence of the alignment parameter A 20 for the Kr II 4p 4 5p(E 1 J 1 ) states following excitation in the Raman regime with the exciting-photon energy passing through the Kr I 3dJ 9 barnpjbar resonances was investigated theoretically and experimentally. Interference between the resonance and direct photoionization channels explains the dependence of A 20 on the excitation energy. Experimentally, A 20 was determined after the analysis of 5p-5s fluorescence decay of the 4p 4 5p(E 1 J 1 ) states excited with monochromatized synchrotron radiation. The band pass of the synchrotron radiation was set to 10 meV which is smaller than the natural width of the 3d 9 np resonances (∼83 meV). Additionally, a strong energy dependence was predicted for the orientation parameter O 10 as well as for the angular distribution parameter of photoelectrons, β e , for several 4p 4 5p(E 1 J 1 ) ionic states 20. The (2p, 2p) 11Δg state of 6Li2: Fourier transform spectrum of the 11Δg-B1IIu transition International Nuclear Information System (INIS) Linton, C.; Martin, F.; Crozet, P.; Ross, A.J.; Bacis, R. 1993-01-01 The 1 1 Δ g -B 1 II u transition of 6 Li 2 has been observed in collisionally induced fluorescence following single frequency optical-optical double resonance excitation of the F 1 Σ g + state using a ring dye laser with DCM dye. Spectra of the s and a symmetry levels were obtained separately, at high resolution, in the near-infrared region using a Fourier transform spectrometer. The molecular constants (Dunham coefficients) of the 1 1 Δ g state have been calculated. Comparison of the constants and dissociation energy with ab initio calculations has shown that the 1 1 Δ g state correlates with Li(2p) + Li(2p) and has a dissociation energy of 9,579 ± 1 cm -1 . The energy transfer process responsible for excitation of the 1 1 Δ g state is discussed 1. pK{sup +}Λ final state: Towards the extraction of the ppK{sup −} contribution Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB) Fabbietti, L., E-mail: laura.fabbietti@ph.tum.de [Excellence Cluster ‘Origin and Structure of the Universe’, 85748 Garching (Germany); Agakishiev, G. [Joint Institute of Nuclear Research, 141980 Dubna (Russian Federation); Behnke, C. [Institut für Kernphysik, Goethe-Universität, 60438 Frankfurt (Germany); Belver, D. [LabCAF, F. Física, Univ. de Santiago de Compostela, 15706 Santiago de Compostela (Spain); Belyaev, A. [Joint Institute of Nuclear Research, 141980 Dubna (Russian Federation); Berger-Chen, J.C. [Excellence Cluster ‘Origin and Structure of the Universe’, 85748 Garching (Germany); Blanco, A. [LIP-Laboratório de Instrumentação e Física Experimental de Partículas, 3004-516 Coimbra (Portugal); Blume, C. [Institut für Kernphysik, Goethe-Universität, 60438 Frankfurt (Germany); Böhmer, M. [Physik Department E12, Technische Universität München, 85748 Garching (Germany); Cabanelas, P. [LabCAF, F. Física, Univ. de Santiago de Compostela, 15706 Santiago de Compostela (Spain); Chernenko, S. [Joint Institute of Nuclear Research, 141980 Dubna (Russian Federation); Dritsa, C. [II. Physikalisches Institut, Justus Liebig Universität Giessen, 35392 Giessen (Germany); Dybczak, A. [Smoluchowski Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University of Cracow, 30-059 Kraków (Poland); and others 2013-09-20 The reaction p(@3.5 GeV)+p→p+Λ+K{sup +} can be studied to search for the existence of kaonic bound states like ppK{sup −} leading to this final state. This effort has been motivated by the assumption that in p+p collisions the Λ(1405) resonance can act as a doorway to the formation of the kaonic bound states. The status of this analysis within the HADES Collaboration, with particular emphasis on the comparison to simulations, is shown in this work and the deviation method utilized by the DISTO Collaboration in a similar analysis is discussed. The outcome suggests the employment of a partial wave analysis do disentangle the different contributions to the measured pK{sup +}Λ final state. 2. Search for a narrow baryonic state decaying to ${pK^0_S}$ and ${\\overline{p}K^0_S}$ in deep inelastic scattering at HERA CERN Document Server Abramowicz, H.; Adamczyk, L.; Adamus, M.; Antonelli, S.; Aushev, V.; Behnke, O.; Behrens, U.; Bertolin, A.; Bhadra, S.; Bloch, I.; Boos, E.G.; Brock, I.; Brook, N.H.; Brugnera, R.; Bruni, A.; Bussey, P.J.; Caldwell, A.; Capua, M.; Catterall, C.D.; Chwastowski, J.; Ciborowski, J.; Ciesielski, R.; Cooper-Sarkar, A.M.; Corradi, M.; Dementiev, R.K.; Devenish, RCE; Dusini, S.; Foster, B.; Gach, G; Gallo, E.; Garfagnini, A.; Geiser, A.; Gizhko, A.; Gladilin, L.K.; Golubkov, Yu.A.; Grzelak, G.; Guzik, M.; Gwenlan, C.; Hain, W.; Hlushchenko, O.; Hochman, D.; Hori, R.; Ibrahim, Z.A.; Iga, Y.; Ishitsuka, M.; Januschek, F.; Jomhari, N.Z.; Kadenko, I.; Kananov, S.; Karshon, U.; Kaur, P.; Kisielewska, D.; Klanner, R.; Klein, U.; Korzhavina, I.A.; Kotański, A.; Kötz, U.; Kovalchuk, N.; Kowalski, H.; Krupa, B.; Kuprash, O.; Kuze, M; Levchenko, B.B.; Levy, A.; Limentani, S.; Lisovyi, M.; Lobodzinska, E.; Löhr, B.; Lohrmann, E.; Longhin, A.; Lontkovskyi, D.; Lukina, O.Yu.; Makarenko, I.; Malka, J.; Mastroberardino, A.; Mohamad Idris, F.; Mohammad Nasir, N; Myronenko, V.; Nagano, K.; Nobe, T.; Nowak, R.J.; Onishchuk, Yu.; Paul, E.; Perlański, W.; Pokrovskiy, N.S.; Polini, A.; Przybycien, M.; Roloff, P.; Ruspa, M.; Saxon, D.H.; Schioppa, M.; Schneekloth, U.; Schörner-Sadenius, T.; Shcheglova, L.M.; Shevchenko, R.; Shkola, O.; Shyrma, Yu.; Singh, I.; Skillicorn, I.O.; Słomiński, W.; Solano, A.; Stanco, L.; Stefaniuk, N.; Stern, A.; Stopa, P.; Sztuk-Dambietz, J.; Tassi, E.; Tokushuku, K.; Tomaszewska, J.; Tsurugai, T.; Turcato, M.; Turkot, O.; Tymieniecka, T.; Verbytskyi, A.; Wan Abdullah, W.A.T.; Wichmann, K.; Wing, M.; Yamada, S.; Yamazaki, Y.; Zakharchuk, N.; Żarnecki, A.F.; Zawiejski, L.; Zenaiev, O.; Zhautykov, B.O.; Zotkin, D.S.; Mastroberardino, A 2016-08-10 A search for a narrow baryonic state in the $pK^0_S$ and $\\overline{p}K^0_S$ system has been performed in $ep$ collisions at HERA with the ZEUS detector using an integrated luminosity of 358 pb$^{-1}$ taken in 2003-2007. The search was performed with deep inelastic scattering events at an $ep$ centre-of-mass energy of 318 GeV for exchanged photon virtuality, $Q^2$, between 20 and 100 $\\rm{} GeV^{2}$. Contrary to evidence presented for such a state around 1.52 GeV in a previous ZEUS analysis using a sample of 121 pb$^{-1}$ taken in 1996-2000, no resonance peak was found in the $p(\\overline{p})K^0_S$ invariant-mass distribution in the range 1.45-1.7 GeV. Upper limits on the production cross section are set. 3. Search for a narrow baryonic state decaying to pK0S and anti pK0S in deep inelastic scattering at HERA International Nuclear Information System (INIS) Abramowicz, H.; Abt, I.; Adamczyk, L. 2016-06-01 A search for a narrow baryonic state in the pK 0 S and anti pK 0 S system has been performed in ep collisions at HERA with the ZEUS detector using an integrated luminosity of 358 pb -1 taken in 2003-2007. The search was performed with deep inelastic scattering events at an ep centre-of-mass energy of 318 GeV for exchanged photon virtuality, Q 2 , between 20 and 100 GeV 2 . Contrary to evidence presented for such a state around 1.52 GeV in a previous ZEUS analysis using a sample of 121 pb -1 taken in 1996-2000, no resonance peak was found in the p(anti p)K 0 S invariant-mass distribution in the range 1.45-1.7 GeV. Upper limits on the production cross section are set. 4. Single-particle states in ^112Cd probed with the ^111Cd(d,p) reaction Science.gov (United States) Garrett, P. E.; Jamieson, D.; Demand, G. A.; Finlay, P.; Green, K. L.; Leach, K. G.; Phillips, A. A.; Sumithrarachchi, C. S.; Svensson, C. E.; Triambak, S.; Wong, J.; Ball, G. C.; Hertenberger, R.; Wirth, H.-F.; Kr"Ucken, R.; Faestermann, T. 2009-10-01 As part of a program of detailed spectroscopy of the Cd isotopes, the single-particle neutron states in ^112Cd have been probed with the ^111Cd(d,p) reaction. Beams of polarized 22 MeV deuterons, obtained from the LMU/TUM Tandem Accelerator, bombarded a target of ^111Cd. The protons from the reaction, corresponding to excitation energies up to 3 MeV in ^112Cd, were momentum analyzed with the Q3D spectrograph. Cross sections and analyzing powers were fit to results of DWBA calculations, and spectroscopic factors were determined. The results from the experiment, and implications for the structure of ^112Cd, will be presented. 5. Electron-photon angular correlation measurements for the 2 1P state of helium International Nuclear Information System (INIS) Slevin, J.; Porter, H.Q.; Eminyan, M.; Defrance, A.; Vassilev, G. 1980-01-01 Electron-photon angular correlations have been measured by detecting in delayed coincidence, electrons inelastically scattered from helium and photons emitted in decays from the 2 1 P state at incident electron energies of 60 and 80 eV. Analysis of the data yields values for the ratio lambda of the differential cross sections for magnetic sublevel excitations and the phase difference X between the corresponding probability amplitudes. The measurements extend over the angular range 10-120 0 of electron scattering angles. The present data are in good agreement with the experimental results of Hollywood et al, (J. Phys. B.; 12: 819 (1979)), and show a marked discrepancy at large scattering angles with the recent data of Steph and Golde. (Phys. Rev.; A in press (1980)). The experimental results are compared with some recent theories. (author) 6. Angelo State SPS Marsh White Award: Physics After School Special (P.A.S.S.) Science.gov (United States) Desai, Vikesh; Sauncy, Toni 2012-03-01 With a recent Marsh White Award from the SPS National Office, the Angelo State SPS has teamed up with a local YMCA after school program to provide fun lab experiences for the diverse group of K-3^rd graders. Several undergraduate presenters are involved, and the funding was used to purchase tshirts for all participants. The afterschool group of approximately 30 children has visited the campus for the first lab session and plans three additional hands on lab experiences over the course of the semester. For the final visit, the Peer Pressure Team will conduct a full demonstration show and P.A.S.S. Party. The goal of this public engagement is to motivate these young students to learn more about physics with hands on activities in a fun and safe environment and to establish meaningful mentoring relationships between undergraduate physics majors and younger students. 7. Zethrenes, Extended p -Quinodimethanes, and Periacenes with a Singlet Biradical Ground State KAUST Repository Sun, Zhe 2014-08-19 ConspectusResearchers have studied polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) for more than 100 years, and most PAHs in the neutral state reported so far have a closed-shell electronic configuration in the ground state. However, recent studies have revealed that specific types of polycyclic hydrocarbons (PHs) could have a singlet biradical ground state and exhibit unique electronic, optical, and magnetic activities. With the appropriate stabilization, these new compounds could prove useful as molecular materials for organic electronics, nonlinear optics, organic spintronics, organic photovoltaics, and energy storage devices. However, before researchers can use these materials to design new devices, they need better methods to synthesize these molecules and a better understanding of the fundamental relationship between the structure and biradical character of these compounds and their physical properties. Their biradical character makes these compounds difficult to synthesize. These compounds are also challenging to physically characterize and require the use of various experimental techniques and theoretic methods to comprehensively describe their unique properties.In this Account, we will discuss the chemistry and physics of three types of PHs with a significant singlet biradical character, primarily developed in our group. These structures are zethrenes, Z-shaped quinoidal hydrocarbons; hydrocarbons that include a proaromatic extended p-quinodimethane unit; and periacenes, acenes fused in a peri-Arrangement. We used a variety of synthetic methods to prepare these compounds and stabilized them using both thermodynamic and kinetic approaches. We probed their ground-state structures by electronic absorption, NMR, ESR, SQUID, Raman spectroscopy, and X-ray crystallography and also performed density functional theory calculations. We investigated the physical properties of these PHs using various experimental methods such as one-photon absorption, two-photon absorption 8. Ionization of small molecules by state-selected neon (3P0, 3P2) metastable atoms in the 0.06 NARCIS (Netherlands) Berg, van den F.T.M.; Schonenberg, J.H.M.; Beijerinck, H.C.W. 1987-01-01 The velocity dependence and absolute values of the total ionisation cross section for the molecules H2, N2, O2, NO, CO, N2O, CO2, and CH4 by metastable Ne* (3P0) and Ne* (3P2) atoms at collision energies ranging from 0.06 to 6.0 eV have been measured in a crossed beam experiment. State selection of 9. Dissociation of 1P states in hot QCD Medium Using Quasi-Particle Model Science.gov (United States) Nilima, Indrani; Agotiya, Vineet Kumar 2018-03-01 We extend the analysis of a very recent work [1] to study the dissociation phenomenon of 1P states of the charmonium and bottomonium spectra (χc and χb) in a hot QCD medium using Quasi-Particle Model. This study employed a medium modified heavy quark potential which has quite different form in the sense that it has a lomg range Coulombic tail in addition to the Yukawa term even above the deconfinement temperature. Then we study the flavor dependence of their binding energies and explore the nature of dissociation temperatures by employing the Quasi-Particle debye mass for pure gluonic and full QCD case. Interestingly, the dissociation temperatures obtained by employing EoS1 and EoS2 with the Γ criterion, is closer to the upper bound of the dissociation temperatures which are obtained by the dissolution of a given quarkonia state by the mean thermal energy of the quasi-partons in the hot QCD/QGP medium. 10. Widths of atomic 4s and 4p vacancy states, Z between 46 and 50 Science.gov (United States) Chen, M. H.; Crasemann, B.; Yin, L. I.; Tsang, T.; Adler, I. 1976-01-01 X-ray photoelectron and Auger spectra involving N sub 1, N sub 2, and N sub 3 vacancy states of Pd, Ag, Cd, In, and Sn were measured and compared with results of free-atom calculations. As previously observed in Cu and Zn Auger spectra that involve 3d-band electrons, free-atom characteristics are found, with regard to widths and structure, in the Ag and Cd M sub 4-N sub 4,5 N sub 4,5 and M sub 5-N sub 4,5 N sub 4,5 Auger spectra that arise from transitions of 4d-band electrons. Theoretical N sub 1 widths computed with calculated free-atom Auger energies agree well with measurements. Theory, however, predicts wider N sub 2 than N sub 3 vacancy states (as observed for Xe), while the measured N sub 2 and N sub 3 widths are nearly equal to each other and to the average of the calculated N sub 2 and N sub 3 widths. The calculations are made difficult by the exceedingly short lifetime of some 4 p vacancies and by the extreme sensitivity of super-Coster-Kronig rates, which dominate the deexcitation to the transition energy and to the fine details of the atomic potential. 11. Inclusive decays of {eta}{sub b} into S- and P-wave charmonium states Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB) He, Zhi-Guo, E-mail: hzgzlh@gmail.co [Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Science, P.O. Box 918(4), Beijing, 100049 (China); Theoretical Physics Center for Science Facilities, Beijing, 100049 (China); Li, Bai-Qing [Department of Physics, Huzhou Teachers College, Huzhou, 313000 (China) 2010-09-20 Inclusive S- and P-wave charmonium productions in the bottomonium ground state {eta}{sub b} decay are calculated at the leading order in the strong coupling constant {alpha}{sub s} and quarkonium internal relative velocity v in the framework of the NRQCD factorization approach. We find the contribution of {eta}{sub b{yields}{chi}c{sub J}}+gg followed by {chi}{sub c{sub J{yields}}}J/{psi}+{gamma} is also very important to inclusive J/{psi} production in the {eta}{sub b} decays, which maybe helpful to the investigation of the color-octet mechanism in the inclusive J/{psi} production in the {eta}{sub b} decays in the forthcoming LHCb and SuperB. As a complementary work, we also study the inclusive production of {eta}{sub c}, and {chi}{sub cJ} in the {eta}{sub b} decays, which may help us understand the X(3940) and X(3872) states. 12. ROTATION STATE OF COMET 103P/HARTLEY 2 FROM RADIO SPECTROSCOPY AT 1 mm International Nuclear Information System (INIS) Drahus, Michal; Jewitt, David; Guilbert-Lepoutre, Aurelie; Waniak, Waclaw; Hoge, James; Lis, Dariusz C.; Yoshida, Hiroshige; Peng, Ruisheng; Sievers, Albrecht 2011-01-01 The nuclei of active comets emit molecules anisotropically from discrete vents. As the nucleus rotates, we expect to observe periodic variability in the molecular emission line profiles, which can be studied through millimeter/submillimeter spectroscopy. Using this technique we investigated the HCN atmosphere of comet 103P/Hartley 2, the target of NASA's EPOXI mission, which had an exceptionally favorable apparition in late 2010. We detected short-term evolution of the spectral line profile, which was stimulated by the nucleus rotation, and which provides evidence for rapid deceleration and excitation of the rotation state. The measured rate of change in the rotation period is +1.00 ± 0.15 minutes day -1 and the period itself is 18.32 ± 0.03 hr, both applicable at the epoch of the EPOXI encounter. Surprisingly, the spin-down efficiency is lower by two orders of magnitude than the measurement in comet 9P/Tempel 1 and the best theoretical prediction. This secures rotational stability of the comet's nucleus during the next few returns, although we anticipate a catastrophic disruption from spin-up as its ultimate fate. 13. Quantum state-to-state dynamics for the quenching process of Br(2P1/2) + H2(v(i) = 0, 1, j(i) = 0). Science.gov (United States) Xie, Changjian; Jiang, Bin; Xie, Daiqian; Sun, Zhigang 2012-03-21 Quantum state-to-state dynamics for the quenching process Br((2)P(1/2)) + H(2)(v(i) = 0, 1, j(i) = 0) → Br((2)P(3/2)) + H(2)(v(f), j(f)) has been studied based on two-state model on the recent coupled potential energy surfaces. It was found that the quenching probabilities have some oscillatory structures due to the interference of reflected flux in the Br((2)P(1/2)) + H(2) and Br((2)P(3/2)) + H(2) channels by repulsive potential in the near-resonant electronic-to-vibrational energy transfer process. The final vibrational state resolved integral cross sections were found to be dominated by the quenching process Br((2)P(1/2)) + H(2)(v) → Br((2)P(3/2)) + H(2)(v+1) and the nonadiabatic reaction probabilities for Br((2)P(1/2)) + H(2)(v = 0, 1, j(i) = 0) are quite small, which are consistent with previous theoretical and experimental results. Our calculated total quenching rate constant for Br((2)P(1/2)) + H(2)(v(i) = 0, j(i) = 0) at room temperature is in good agreement with the available experimental data. © 2012 American Institute of Physics 14. Phosphide oxides RE2AuP2O (RE = La, Ce, Pr, Nd): synthesis, structure, chemical bonding, magnetism, and 31P and 139La solid state NMR. Science.gov (United States) Bartsch, Timo; Wiegand, Thomas; Ren, Jinjun; Eckert, Hellmut; Johrendt, Dirk; Niehaus, Oliver; Eul, Matthias; Pöttgen, Rainer 2013-02-18 Polycrystalline samples of the phosphide oxides RE(2)AuP(2)O (RE = La, Ce, Pr, Nd) were obtained from mixtures of the rare earth elements, binary rare earth oxides, gold powder, and red phosphorus in sealed silica tubes. Small single crystals were grown in NaCl/KCl fluxes. The samples were studied by powder X-ray diffraction, and the structures were refined from single crystal diffractometer data: La(2)AuP(2)O type, space group C2/m, a = 1515.2(4), b = 424.63(8), c = 999.2(2) pm, β = 130.90(2)°, wR2 = 0.0410, 1050 F(2) values for Ce(2)AuP(2)O, and a = 1503.6(4), b = 422.77(8), c = 993.0(2) pm, β = 130.88(2)°, wR2 = 0.0401, 1037 F(2) values for Pr(2)AuP(2)O, and a = 1501.87(5), b = 420.85(5), c = 990.3(3) pm, β = 131.12(1)°, wR2 = 0.0944, 1143 F(2) values for Nd(2)AuP(2)O with 38 variables per refinement. The structures are composed of [RE(2)O](4+) polycationic chains of cis-edge-sharing ORE(4/2) tetrahedra and polyanionic strands [AuP(2)](4-), which contain gold in almost trigonal-planar phosphorus coordination by P(3-) and P(2)(4-) entities. The isolated phosphorus atoms and the P(2) pairs in La(2)AuP(2)O could clearly be distinguished by (31)P solid state NMR spectroscopy and assigned on the basis of a double quantum NMR technique. Also, the two crystallographically inequivalent La sites could be distinguished by static (139)La NMR in conjunction with theoretical electric field gradient calculations. Temperature-dependent magnetic susceptibility measurements show diamagnetic behavior for La(2)AuP(2)O. Ce(2)AuP(2)O and Pr(2)AuP(2)O are Curie-Weiss paramagnets with experimental magnetic moments of 2.35 and 3.48 μ(B) per rare earth atom, respectively. Their solid state (31)P MAS NMR spectra are strongly influenced by paramagnetic interactions. Ce(2)AuP(2)O orders antiferromagnetically at 13.1(5) K and shows a metamagnetic transition at 11.5 kOe. Pr(2)AuP(2)O orders ferromagnetically at 7.0 K. 15. On P-Adic Quasi Gibbs Measures for Q + 1-State Potts Model on the Cayley Tree International Nuclear Information System (INIS) Mukhamedov, Farrukh 2010-06-01 In the present paper we introduce a new class of p-adic measures, associated with q +1-state Potts model, called p-adic quasi Gibbs measure, which is totally different from the p-adic Gibbs measure. We establish the existence p-adic quasi Gibbs measures for the model on a Cayley tree. If q is divisible by p, then we prove the occurrence of a strong phase transition. If q and p are relatively prime, then there is a quasi phase transition. These results are totally different from the results of [F.M.Mukhamedov, U.A. Rozikov, Indag. Math. N.S. 15(2005) 85-100], since q is divisible by p, which means that q + 1 is not divided by p, so according to a main result of the mentioned paper, there is a unique and bounded p-adic Gibbs measure (different from p-adic quasi Gibbs measure). (author) 16. Observation of $J/\\psi p$ resonances consistent with pentaquark states in ${\\Lambda_b^0\\to J/\\psi K^-p}$ decays CERN Document Server 2015-08-12 Observations of exotic structures in the $J/\\psi p$ channel, that we refer to as pentaquark-charmonium states, in $\\Lambda_b^0\\to J/\\psi K^- p$ decays are presented. The data sample corresponds to an integrated luminosity of 3/fb acquired with the LHCb detector from 7 and 8 TeV pp collisions. An amplitude analysis is performed on the three-body final-state that reproduces the two-body mass and angular distributions. To obtain a satisfactory fit of the structures seen in the $J/\\psi p$ mass spectrum, it is necessary to include two Breit-Wigner amplitudes that each describe a resonant state. The significance of each of these resonances is more than 9 standard deviations. One has a mass of $4380\\pm 8\\pm 29$ MeV and a width of $205\\pm 18\\pm 86$ MeV, while the second is narrower, with a mass of $4449.8\\pm 1.7\\pm 2.5$ MeV and a width of $39\\pm 5\\pm 19$ MeV. The preferred $J^P$ assignments are of opposite parity, with one state having spin 3/2 and the other 5/2. 17. Observation of J/ψp Resonances Consistent with Pentaquark States in Λ_{b}^{0}→J/ψK^{-}p Decays. Science.gov (United States) 2015-08-14 Observations of exotic structures in the J/ψp channel, which we refer to as charmonium-pentaquark states, in Λ_{b}^{0}→J/ψK^{-}p decays are presented. The data sample corresponds to an integrated luminosity of 3 fb^{-1} acquired with the LHCb detector from 7 and 8 TeV pp collisions. An amplitude analysis of the three-body final state reproduces the two-body mass and angular distributions. To obtain a satisfactory fit of the structures seen in the J/ψp mass spectrum, it is necessary to include two Breit-Wigner amplitudes that each describe a resonant state. The significance of each of these resonances is more than 9 standard deviations. One has a mass of 4380±8±29 MeV and a width of 205±18±86 MeV, while the second is narrower, with a mass of 4449.8±1.7±2.5 MeV and a width of 39±5±19 MeV. The preferred J^{P} assignments are of opposite parity, with one state having spin 3/2 and the other 5/2. 18. The deexcitation of the Ar (3P2, 3p1 and 1P1) states as measured by absorption both in pure argon and in the presence of additives International Nuclear Information System (INIS) Dutuit, Odile 1974-01-01 The de-excitation of the 3 P 2 , 3 p 1 and 1 P 1 states of argon was studied in pure argon between 10 and 200 torr and in Ar + CO and Ar + H 2 mixtures. These states are populated after excitation of the gas by a short (20 ns) pulse of 500 keV electrons (FEBETRON). Under our experimental conditions, the relation between the measured optical density of the lines studied and the concentration of absorbing species was found to be: DO = log I 0 /I ∝ (lC) n with n = 0,4. The three body rate constants k 2 were measured for the two resonant states 3 p 1 (k 2 = (1,65 ± 0,3) x 10 -32 cm 6 s -1 ) and 1 P 1 (k 2 = (1,0 ± 0,2) x 10 -32 cm 6 s -1 ); they had not been considered in previous low pressure studies. For the metastable state 3 P 2 , the measured value of k 2 ((1,6 ± 0,3) x 10 -32 cm 6 s -1 ) is in good agreement with those found in the literature. However, our two body rate constant k 1 is about ten times higher than that found in measurements at low pressure. This difference could be due to a collision-induced emission process at high pressure. The rate constants for the quenching by CO and H 2 were measured for the metastable state 3 P 2 (1,85 and 10,5 x 10 -11 cm 3 s -1 ) and for the resonant states 3 P 1 (4,5 and 20 x 10 -11 cm 3 s -1 ) and 1 P 1 (8,5 and 33 X 10 -11 cm 3 s -1 ). Comparison of the de-excitation cross sections of resonant and metastable states should lead to a better understanding of energy transfer processes from these latter. (author) [fr 19. Singlet ground-state fluctuations in praseodymium observed by muon spin relaxation in PrP and PrP0.9 International Nuclear Information System (INIS) Noakes, D R; Waeppling, R; Kalvius, G M; Jr, M F White; Stronach, C E 2005-01-01 Muon spin relaxation (μSR) in the singlet ground-state compounds PrP and PrP 0.9 reveals the unusual situation of a Lorentzian local field distribution with fast-fluctuation-limit strong-collision dynamics, a case that does not show motional narrowing. Contrary to publications by others, where PrP 0.9 was asserted to have vacancy-induced spin-glass freezing, no spin-glass freezing is seen in PrP 0.9 or PrP down to ≤100mK. This was confirmed by magnetization measurements on these same samples. In both compounds, the muon spin relaxation rate does increase as temperature decreases, demonstrating increasing strength of the paramagnetic response. A Monte Carlo model of fluctuations of Pr ions out of their crystalline-electric-field singlet ground states into their magnetic excited states (and back down again) produces the strong-collision-dynamic Lorentzian relaxation functions observed at each individual temperature but not the observed temperature dependence. This model contains no exchange interaction, and so predicts decreasing paramagnetic response as the temperature decreases, contrary to the temperature dependence observed. Comparison of the simulations to the data suggests that the exchange interaction is causing the system to approach magnetic freezing (by mode softening), but fails to complete the process 20. Ionization behavior of polyphosphoinositides determined via the preparation of pH titration curves using solid-state 31P NMR. Science.gov (United States) Graber, Zachary T; Kooijman, Edgar E 2013-01-01 Detailed knowledge of the degree of ionization of lipid titratable groups is important for the evaluation of protein-lipid and lipid-lipid interactions. The degree of ionization is commonly evaluated by acid-base titration, but for lipids localized in a multicomponent membrane interface this is not a suitable technique. For phosphomonoester-containing lipids such as the polyphosphoinositides, phosphatidic acid, and ceramide-1-phosphate, this is more conveniently accomplished by (31)P NMR. Here, we describe a solid-state (31)P NMR procedure to construct pH titration curves to determine the degree of ionization of phosphomonoester groups in polyphosphoinositides. This procedure can also be used, with suitable sample preparation conditions, for other important signaling lipids. Access to a solid-state, i.e., magic angle spinning, capable NMR spectrometer is assumed. The procedures described here are valid for a Bruker instrument, but can be adapted for other spectrometers as needed. 1. Measurement of the mass splittings between the b bar bχb,J(1P) states International Nuclear Information System (INIS) Edwards, K.W.; Edwards, K.W.; Bellerive, A.; Bellerive, A.; Janicek, R.; Janicek, R.; MacFarlane, D.B.; MacFarlane, D.B.; Patel, P.M.; Patel, P.M.; Sadoff, A.J.; Ammar, R.; Baringer, P.; Bean, A.; Besson, D.; Coppage, D.; Darling, C.; Davis, R.; Kotov, S.; Kravchenko, I.; Kwak, N.; Zhou, L.; Anderson, S.; Kubota, Y.; Lee, S.J.; ONeill, J.J.; Poling, R.; Riehle, T.; Smith, A.; Alam, M.S.; Athar, S.B.; Ling, Z.; Mahmood, A.H.; Timm, S.; Wappler, F.; Anastassov, A.; Duboscq, J.E.; Fujino, D.; Gan, K.K.; Hart, T.; Honscheid, K.; Kagan, H.; Kass, R.; Lee, J.; Schwarthoff, H.; Spencer, M.B.; Sung, M.; Undrus, A.; Wolf, A.; Zoeller, M.M.; Richichi, S.J.; Severini, H.; Skubic, P.; Bishai, M.; Fast, J.; Hinson, J.W.; Menon, N.; Miller, D.H.; Shibata, E.I.; Shipsey, I.P.; Yurko, M.; Glenn, S.; Kwon, Y.; Lyon, A.L.; Roberts, S.; Thorndike, E.H.; Jessop, C.P.; Lingel, K.; Marsiske, H.; Perl, M.L.; Savinov, V.; Ugolini, D.; Zhou, X.; Coan, T.E.; Fadeyev, V.; Korolkov, I.; Maravin, Y.; Narsky, I.; Shelkov, V.; Staeck, J.; Stroynowski, R.; Volobouev, I.; Ye, J.; Artuso, M.; Azfar, F.; Efimov, A.; Goldberg, M.; He, D.; Kopp, S.; Moneti, G.C.; Mountain, R.; Schuh, S.; Skwarnicki, T. 1999-01-01 We present new measurements of photon energies and branching fractions for the radiative transitions Υ(2S)→γχ b(J=0,1,2) (1P). The masses of the χ b states are determined from the measured radiative photon energies. The ratio of mass splittings between the χ b substates, r≡(M J=2 -M J=1 )/(M J=1 -M J=0 ), with M the χ b mass, provides information on the nature of the b bar b confining potential. We find r(1P)=0.542±0.022±0.024. This value is somewhat lower than the previous world average, but more consistent with the theoretical expectation that r(1P) b (1P) states than for the χ b (2P) states. copyright 1999 The American Physical Society 2. The folding mechanism and key metastable state identification of the PrP127-147 monomer studied by molecular dynamics simulations and Markov state model analysis. Science.gov (United States) Zhou, Shuangyan; Wang, Qianqian; Wang, Yuwei; Yao, Xiaojun; Han, Wei; Liu, Huanxiang 2017-05-10 The structural transition of prion proteins from a native α-helix (PrP C ) to a misfolded β-sheet-rich conformation (PrP Sc ) is believed to be the main cause of a number of prion diseases in humans and animals. Understanding the molecular basis of misfolding and aggregation of prion proteins will be valuable for unveiling the etiology of prion diseases. However, due to the limitation of conventional experimental techniques and the heterogeneous property of oligomers, little is known about the molecular architecture of misfolded PrP Sc and the mechanism of structural transition from PrP C to PrP Sc . The prion fragment 127-147 (PrP127-147) has been reported to be a critical region for PrP Sc formation in Gerstmann-Straussler-Scheinker (GSS) syndrome and thus has been used as a model for the study of prion aggregation. In the present study, we employ molecular dynamics (MD) simulation techniques to study the conformational change of this fragment that could be relevant to the PrP C -PrP Sc transition. Employing extensive replica exchange molecular dynamics (REMD) and conventional MD simulations, we sample a huge number of conformations of PrP127-147. Using the Markov state model (MSM), we identify the metastable conformational states of this fragment and the kinetic network of transitions between the states. The resulting MSM reveals that disordered random-coiled conformations are the dominant structures. A key metastable folded state with typical extended β-sheet structures is identified with Pro137 being located in a turn region, consistent with a previous experimental report. Conformational analysis reveals that intrapeptide hydrophobic interaction and two key residue interactions, including Arg136-His140 and Pro137-His140, contribute a lot to the formation of ordered extended β-sheet states. However, network pathway analysis from the most populated disordered state indicates that the formation of extended β-sheet states is quite slow (at the millisecond 3. Defect States in InP/InGaAs/InP Heterostructures by Current-Voltage Characteristics and Deep Level Transient Spectroscopy. Science.gov (United States) Vu, Thi Kim Oanh; Lee, Kyoung Su; Lee, Sang Jun; Kim, Eun Kyu 2018-09-01 We studied defect states in In0.53Ga0.47As/InP heterojunctions with interface control by group V atoms during metalorganic chemical vapor (MOCVD) deposition. From deep level transient spectroscopy (DLTS) measurements, two defects with activation energies of 0.28 eV (E1) and 0.15 eV (E2) below the conduction band edge, were observed. The defect density of E1 for In0.53Ga0.47As/InP heterojunctions with an addition of As and P atoms was about 1.5 times higher than that of the heterojunction added P atom only. From the temperature dependence of current- voltage characteristics, the thermal activation energies of In0.53Ga0.47As/InP of heterojunctions were estimated to be 0.27 and 0.25 eV, respectively. It appeared that the reverse light current for In0.53Ga0.47As/InP heterojunction added P atom increased only by illumination of a 940 nm-LED light source. These results imply that only the P addition at the interface can enhance the quality of InGaAs/InP heterojunction. 4. Specific binding of a naturally occurring amyloidogenic fragment of Streptococcus mutans adhesin P1 to intact P1 on the cell surface characterized by solid state NMR spectroscopy Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB) Tang, Wenxing; Bhatt, Avni [University of Florida, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine (United States); Smith, Adam N. [University of Florida, Department of Chemistry, College of Liberal Arts and Sciences (United States); Crowley, Paula J.; Brady, L. Jeannine, E-mail: jbrady@dental.ufl.edu [University of Florida, Department of Oral Biology, College of Dentistry (United States); Long, Joanna R., E-mail: jrlong@ufl.edu [University of Florida, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine (United States) 2016-02-15 The P1 adhesin (aka Antigen I/II or PAc) of the cariogenic bacterium Streptococcus mutans is a cell surface-localized protein involved in sucrose-independent adhesion and colonization of the tooth surface. The immunoreactive and adhesive properties of S. mutans suggest an unusual functional quaternary ultrastructure comprised of intact P1 covalently attached to the cell wall and interacting with non-covalently associated proteolytic fragments thereof, particularly the ∼57-kDa C-terminal fragment C123 previously identified as Antigen II. S. mutans is capable of amyloid formation when grown in a biofilm and P1 is among its amyloidogenic proteins. The C123 fragment of P1 readily forms amyloid fibers in vitro suggesting it may play a role in the formation of functional amyloid during biofilm development. Using wild-type and P1-deficient strains of S. mutans, we demonstrate that solid state NMR (ssNMR) spectroscopy can be used to (1) globally characterize cell walls isolated from a Gram-positive bacterium and (2) characterize the specific binding of heterologously expressed, isotopically-enriched C123 to cell wall-anchored P1. Our results lay the groundwork for future high-resolution characterization of the C123/P1 ultrastructure and subsequent steps in biofilm formation via ssNMR spectroscopy, and they support an emerging model of S. mutans colonization whereby quaternary P1-C123 interactions confer adhesive properties important to binding to immobilized human salivary agglutinin. 5. Specific binding of a naturally occurring amyloidogenic fragment of Streptococcus mutans adhesin P1 to intact P1 on the cell surface characterized by solid state NMR spectroscopy International Nuclear Information System (INIS) Tang, Wenxing; Bhatt, Avni; Smith, Adam N.; Crowley, Paula J.; Brady, L. Jeannine; Long, Joanna R. 2016-01-01 The P1 adhesin (aka Antigen I/II or PAc) of the cariogenic bacterium Streptococcus mutans is a cell surface-localized protein involved in sucrose-independent adhesion and colonization of the tooth surface. The immunoreactive and adhesive properties of S. mutans suggest an unusual functional quaternary ultrastructure comprised of intact P1 covalently attached to the cell wall and interacting with non-covalently associated proteolytic fragments thereof, particularly the ∼57-kDa C-terminal fragment C123 previously identified as Antigen II. S. mutans is capable of amyloid formation when grown in a biofilm and P1 is among its amyloidogenic proteins. The C123 fragment of P1 readily forms amyloid fibers in vitro suggesting it may play a role in the formation of functional amyloid during biofilm development. Using wild-type and P1-deficient strains of S. mutans, we demonstrate that solid state NMR (ssNMR) spectroscopy can be used to (1) globally characterize cell walls isolated from a Gram-positive bacterium and (2) characterize the specific binding of heterologously expressed, isotopically-enriched C123 to cell wall-anchored P1. Our results lay the groundwork for future high-resolution characterization of the C123/P1 ultrastructure and subsequent steps in biofilm formation via ssNMR spectroscopy, and they support an emerging model of S. mutans colonization whereby quaternary P1-C123 interactions confer adhesive properties important to binding to immobilized human salivary agglutinin 6. Specific binding of a naturally occurring amyloidogenic fragment of Streptococcus mutans adhesin P1 to intact P1 on the cell surface characterized by solid state NMR spectroscopy. Science.gov (United States) Tang, Wenxing; Bhatt, Avni; Smith, Adam N; Crowley, Paula J; Brady, L Jeannine; Long, Joanna R 2016-02-01 The P1 adhesin (aka Antigen I/II or PAc) of the cariogenic bacterium Streptococcus mutans is a cell surface-localized protein involved in sucrose-independent adhesion and colonization of the tooth surface. The immunoreactive and adhesive properties of S. mutans suggest an unusual functional quaternary ultrastructure comprised of intact P1 covalently attached to the cell wall and interacting with non-covalently associated proteolytic fragments thereof, particularly the ~57-kDa C-terminal fragment C123 previously identified as Antigen II. S. mutans is capable of amyloid formation when grown in a biofilm and P1 is among its amyloidogenic proteins. The C123 fragment of P1 readily forms amyloid fibers in vitro suggesting it may play a role in the formation of functional amyloid during biofilm development. Using wild-type and P1-deficient strains of S. mutans, we demonstrate that solid state NMR (ssNMR) spectroscopy can be used to (1) globally characterize cell walls isolated from a Gram-positive bacterium and (2) characterize the specific binding of heterologously expressed, isotopically-enriched C123 to cell wall-anchored P1. Our results lay the groundwork for future high-resolution characterization of the C123/P1 ultrastructure and subsequent steps in biofilm formation via ssNMR spectroscopy, and they support an emerging model of S. mutans colonization whereby quaternary P1-C123 interactions confer adhesive properties important to binding to immobilized human salivary agglutinin. 7. Correlated electron state in CeCu2Si2 controlled through Si to P substitution Science.gov (United States) Lai, Y.; Saunders, S. M.; Graf, D.; Gallagher, A.; Chen, K.-W.; Kametani, F.; Besara, T.; Siegrist, T.; Shekhter, A.; Baumbach, R. E. 2017-08-01 CeCu2Si2 is an exemplary correlated electron metal that features two domes of unconventional superconductivity in its temperature-pressure phase diagram. The first dome surrounds an antiferromagnetic quantum critical point, whereas the more exotic second dome may span the termination point of a line of f -electron valence transitions. This behavior has received intense interest, but what has been missing are ways to access the high pressure behavior under milder conditions. Here we study Si → P chemical substitution, which compresses the unit cell volume but simultaneously weakens the hybridization between the f - and conduction electron states and encourages complex magnetism. At concentrations that show magnetism, applied pressure suppresses the magnetic ordering temperature and superconductivity is recovered for samples with low disorder. These results reveal that the electronic behavior in this system is controlled by a nontrivial combination of effects from unit cell volume and electronic shell filling. Guided by this topography, we discuss prospects for uncovering a valence fluctuation quantum phase transition in the broader family of Ce-based ThCr2Si2 -type materials through chemical substitution. 8. Orientation and alignment of the first excited p state in Li+He and Na+He scattering International Nuclear Information System (INIS) Archer, B.J.; Lane, N.F.; Kimura, M. 1990-01-01 Orientation and alignment parameters for the first excited p state of Li and Na in collisions with He through direct excitation from the ground state are studied theoretically in the energy region up to E c.m. =100 keV by using a quasi-one-electron theory. Scattering states are expanded in terms of molecular orbitals, which are calculated by using the pseudopotential method and include electron translation factors. The approach appears to work well for Li+He, giving good agreement for the 2p excitation probability and orientation. For alignment, the situation is less clear because of difficulty in experimental measurement. Two-electron effects and cascades from more highly excited states cause our description of Na+He collisions to be less satisfactory. However, agreement with the experimental 3p excitation probability and orientation parameters where all data are available is fairly good at lower energies (E c.m. 1.25 a.u.) 9. On the solvability of p states quantum Rabi Model with Zp -graded parity International Nuclear Information System (INIS) Chung, Won Sang; Kim, Jae Yoon 2016-01-01 In this paper the p-level Rabi model with Z p -graded symmetry is discussed. The p-level Rabi Hamiltonian is constructed by introducing the generalized Pauli matrices. The energy and wave function for the p-level Rabi equation are obtained by using the standard perturbation method. (paper) 10. Quenching of 4He(21S,21P) and 3He(21S,21P) states by collisions with Ne(1S0) atoms International Nuclear Information System (INIS) Blagoev, K.B.; Dimova, E.; Petrov, G.M. 2004-01-01 The cross sections and rate constants for quenching 4 He(2 1 S), 4 He(2 1 P), 3 He(2 1 S) and 3 He(2 1 P) states by collisions with ground state Ne atoms are measured by a time-resolved method in a He-Ne electron beam excited plasma at low pressure. These rate constants at T g =600 K are: k 4 He(2 1 S) =(1.6±0.2)x10 -10 , k 4 He(2 1 P) =(3.4±2.5)x10 -10 , k 3 He(2 1 S) =(1.6±0.2)x10 -10 and k 3 He(2 1 P) =(5.7±1.2)x10 -10 cm 3 s -1 . The cross sections derived from the rate constant are σ 4 He(2 1 S) =(8.4±0.8)x10 -16 , σ 4 He(2 1 P) =(1.8±1.3)x10 -15 , σ 3 He(2 1 S) =(7.1±0.9)x10 -16 and σ 3 He(2 1 P) =(2.6±0.5)x10 -15 cm 2 , respectively. The diffusion coefficient of 3 He(2 1 S) in 3 He is estimated to be D 3 He(2 1 S)- 3 He =1.9D 4 He(2 1 S)- 4 He , based on comparison with 4 He. A time-dependent collisional radiative model for an e-beam sustained He-Ne plasma is developed and the predicted line intensity of NeI λ=6328 A line is compared with the experimental data. The influence of different processes involved in population and depopulation dynamics of He(2 1 S) state are evaluated 11. Study of $\\pi^{-}p$ Interactions at 85 GeV/c Leading to $K^{+}K^{+}K$^{-}K^{-}$in the Final State - Search for New States CERN Multimedia 2002-01-01 The aim of this experiment is to study the properties of 2K|+2K|- systems and to search for new states produced centrally in the @p|-p collisions at 85 GeV/c. The experiment makes use of the high data rate capability of the upgraded @W' MWPC system and the large forward acceptance of the two hodoscoping Cerenkov counters. \\\\ \\\\ A sample of 20 M events was recorded using a selective trigger on 4 charged kaons with X~@$>$~0. Amongst the topics to be explored are : \\item a) Study of the @F@F(C=+1) and @F@F@p@+ mass spectrum including a search for the n^c; \\item b) Search for gluonium states decaying to K|+K|-, @F@F, @Ff', f'f'; \\item c) Study of @F production as a function of (X(F), p^t) and whether it prefers to be produced singly or in association with another @F; \\item d) Study of the KK@p, and KK@p@p systems including (i) a search for low-lying crypto exotic mesons (usds) predicted to decay to K|+K|-@p@+ or @F@p@+; (ii) a search for charmed-strange exotic mesons (udcs) predicted to decay into two kaons of th... 12. Crystallization and evaluation of hen egg-white lysozyme crystals for protein pH titration in the crystalline state International Nuclear Information System (INIS) Iwai, Wakari; Yagi, Daichi; Ishikawa, Takuya; Ohnishi, Yuki; Tanaka, Ichiro; Niimura, Nobuo 2008-01-01 Hen egg-white lysozyme was crystallized over a wide pH range (2.5–8.0) and the quality of the crystals was characterized. Crystallization phase diagrams at pH 2.5, 6.0 and 7.5 were determined To observe the ionized status of the amino acid residues in proteins at different pH (protein pH titration in the crystalline state) by neutron diffraction, hen egg-white lysozyme was crystallized over a wide pH range (2.5–8.0). Crystallization phase diagrams at pH 2.5, 6.0 and 7.5 were determined. At pH < 4.5 the border between the metastable region and the nucleation region shifted to the left (lower precipitant concentration) in the phase diagram, and at pH > 4.5 the border shifted to the right (higher precipitant concentration). The qualities of these crystals were characterized using the Wilson plot method. The qualities of all crystals at different pH were more or less equivalent (B-factor values within 25–40). It is expected that neutron diffraction analysis of these crystals of different pH provides equivalent data in quality for discussions of protein pH titration in the crystalline state of hen egg-white lysozyme 13. Energy of the 2p1h intruder state in$^{34}$Al CERN Multimedia The second 0$^{+}$state in$^{34}$Si, of high importance for the understanding of the island of inversion at N=20, has been recently observed through the$\\beta$- decay of a predicted long-lived low-lying isomeric 1$^{+}$state in$^{34}$Al. We intend to measure the unknown excitation energy of this isomer using the ISOLTRAP Penning-trap mass spectrometer. Since a recent experiment at ISOLDE (IS-530) showed that the full$\\beta$- strength in the decay of$^{34}$Mg goes through this 1$^{+}$state in$^{34}$Al, we propose to perform a direct mass measurement of the daughter$^{34}$Al ions trapped after the decay of$^{34}$Mg. Mass measurements indicate that the 4$^{−}$ground state in$^{34}$Al may be an excited state, the ground state being therefore the intruder 1$^{+}$state. In another run, we propose to perform a remeasurement of the mass of the 4$^{−}$ground state. 14. Evaluation of the 11CO2 positron emission tomographic method for measuring brain pH. I. pH changes measured in states of altered PCO2 International Nuclear Information System (INIS) Buxton, R.B.; Alpert, N.M.; Babikian, V.; Weise, S.; Correia, J.A.; Ackerman, R.H. 1987-01-01 The 11 CO 2 method for measuring local brain pH with positron emission tomography (PET) has been experimentally evaluated, testing the adequacy of the kinetic model and the ability of the method to measure changes in brain pH. Plasma and tissue time/activity curves measured during and following continuous inhalation of 11 CO 2 were fit with a kinetic model that includes effects of tissue pH, blood flow, and fixation of CO 2 into compounds other than dissolved gas and bicarbonate ions. For each of ten dogs, brain pH was measured with PET at two values of PaCO 2 (range 21-67 mm Hg). The kinetic model fit the data well during both inhalation and washout of the label, with residual root mean square (RMS) deviations of the model from the measurements consistent with the statistical quality of the PET data. Brain pH calculated from the PET data shows a linear variation with log(PaCO 2 ). These results were in good agreement with previously reported measurements of brain pH, both in absolute value and in variation with PCO 2 . The interpretation of these pH values in normal and pathological states is discussed 15. Lithospheric Layering beneath the Contiguous United States Constrained by S-to-P Receiver Functions Science.gov (United States) Liu, L.; Liu, K. H.; Kong, F.; Gao, S. S. 2017-12-01 The greatly-improved spatial coverage of broadband seismic stations as a result of the deployment of the EarthScope Transportable Array (TA) stations and the diversity of tectonic environments in the contiguous United States provide a unique opportunity to investigate the depth variation and nature of intra-lithospheric interfaces in different tectonic regimes. A total of 284,121 high-quality S-to-P receiver functions (SRFs) are obtained from 3,809 broadband seismic stations in the TA and other permanent and temporary deployments in the contiguous United States. The SRFs are computed using frequency domain deconvolution, and are stacked in consecutive circles with a radius of 2°. They are converted to depth series after move-out corrections using the IASP91 Earth model. Similar to previous SRF studies, a robust negative arrival, representing a sharp discontinuity of velocity reduction with depth, is visible in virtually all the stacked traces in the depth range of 30-110 km. Beneath the western US, the depth of this discontinuity is 69±17 km, and beneath the eastern US, it ranges from 75 to 90 km, both of which are comparable to the depth of the tomographically-determined lithosphere-asthenosphere boundary (LAB). In contrast, the depth of the discontinuity beneath the central US is 83±10 km which is significantly smaller than the 250 km LAB depth determined by seismic surface wave tomography. Based on previous seismic tomography, shear-wave splitting and mantle xenolith studies, we interpret this discontinuity as the top of a frozen-in layer of volatile-rich melt beneath the central US. The observations and the discrepancy between the SRF and seismic tomography results for the central US as well as the amplitude of the corresponding arrival on the SRFs may be explained by spatial variations of the thickness of the transitional layer between the "pure" lithosphere and the "pure" asthenosphere. Under this hypothesis, the consistency between the results from the 16. Alignment and orientation parameters for excitation of the ground state of helium to the 21P state by 81 eV electrons International Nuclear Information System (INIS) Fon, W.C.; Berrington, K.A.; Kingston, A.E. 1979-01-01 Five-state R-matrix calculations are used to calculate the differential cross sections, lambda, chi, Asub(2+)sup(col), Asub(1+)sup(col), Asub(2+)sup(col), /0sub(1-)sup(col)/ and theta sub(min) for electron excitation of the 1 1 S to 2 1 P state of helium at 81 eV. The results are compared with recent experimental results of Hollywood, Crowe and Williams (J. Phys. B.; 12: 819 (1979)). (author) 17. Luminescence and excited state dynamics in Bi3+-doped LiLaP4O12 phosphates International Nuclear Information System (INIS) Babin, V.; Chernenko, K.; Demchenko, P.; Mihokova, E.; Nikl, M.; Pashuk, I.; Shalapska, T.; Voloshinovskii, A.; Zazubovich, S. 2016-01-01 Photo- and X-ray-excited luminescence characteristics of Bi-doped LiLaP 4 O 12 phosphates with different bismuth contents (from 1 to 25 at% in the melt) are investigated in the 4.2–300 K temperature range and compared with the characteristics of the undoped LiLaP 4 O 12 phosphate. The broad 2.95 eV emission band of LiLaP 4 O 12 :Bi excited around 5.4 eV is found to arise from the bismuth dopant. Relatively large FWHM and Stokes shift of the emission band and especially the data on the low-temperature decay kinetics of the 2.95 eV emission and its temperature dependence, indicating a very small spin-orbit splitting energy of the corresponding excited state, allow the conclusion that this emission arises from the radiative decay of the triplet state of an exciton localized around a Bi 3+ ion. No spectral bands are observed, arising from the electron transitions between the energy levels of Bi 3+ ions. Phenomenological model is proposed for the description of the excited state dynamics of the Bi 3+ -related localized exciton in LiLaP 4 O 12 :Bi and the parameters of the triplet localized exciton state are determined. Keywords: Photoluminescence; Time-resolved spectroscopy; Excited states; Bi 3+ centers; LiLaP 4 O 12 :Bi powders 18. Electron Excitation Rate Coefficients for Transitions from the IS21S Ground State to the 1S2S1,3S and 1S2P1,3P0 Excited States of Helium Science.gov (United States) Aggarwal, K. M.; Kingston, A. E.; McDowell, M. R. C. 1984-03-01 The available experimental and theoretical electron impact excitation cross section data for the transitions from the 1s2 1S ground state to the 1s2s 1,3S and 1s2p 1,3P0 excited states of helium are assessed. Based on this assessed data, excitation rate coefficients are calculated over a wide electron temperature range below 3.0×106K. A comparison with other published results suggests that the rates used should be lower by a factor of 2 or more. 19. Sensitive lifetime measurement of excited states of low-abundant isotopes via the (p,p{sup '}γ) reaction Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB) Hennig, Andreas; Derya, Vera; Pickstone, Simon G.; Spieker, Mark; Zilges, Andreas [Institute for Nuclear Physics, University of Cologne (Germany); Mineva, Milena N. [INRNE, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia (Bulgaria); Petkov, Pavel [Institute for Nuclear Physics, University of Cologne (Germany); INRNE, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia (Bulgaria) 2015-07-01 Absolute transition matrix elements are valuable observables in nuclear-structure physics since they are directly related to the nuclear wave functions. A key ingredient to determine transition matrix elements is the measurement of lifetimes of excited states. In a recent experiment, we extracted the lifetimes of 30 excited states of the low-abundant isotope {sup 96}Ru utilizing the Doppler-shift attenuation method (DSAM) in an inelastic proton-scattering experiment and taking advantage of the proton-γ coincidence technique. In contrast to the DSAM technique following inelastic neutron scattering, which was frequently performed to extract comprehensive lifetime information in the sub-picosecond regime, the (p,p{sup '}γ) reaction requires a much less amount of target material and is thus especially suited to investigate low-abundant isotopes. In this contribution, the (p,p{sup '}γ) method for lifetime measurements is presented and the results of recent experiments on {sup 96}Ru, {sup 94}Zr, and {sup 112,114}Sn are shown. 20. Characterization of pH-sensitive molecular switches that trigger the structural transition of vesicular stomatitis virus glycoprotein from the postfusion state toward the prefusion state. Science.gov (United States) Ferlin, Anna; Raux, Hélène; Baquero, Eduard; Lepault, Jean; Gaudin, Yves 2014-11-01 Vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV; the prototype rhabdovirus) fusion is triggered at low pH and mediated by glycoprotein G, which undergoes a low-pH-induced structural transition. A unique feature of rhabdovirus G is that its conformational change is reversible. This allows G to recover its native prefusion state at the viral surface after its transport through the acidic Golgi compartments. The crystal structures of G pre- and postfusion states have been elucidated, leading to the identification of several acidic amino acid residues, clustered in the postfusion trimer, as potential pH-sensitive switches controlling the transition back toward the prefusion state. We mutated these residues and produced a panel of single and double mutants whose fusion properties, conformational change characteristics, and ability to pseudotype a virus lacking the glycoprotein gene were assayed. Some of these mutations were also introduced in the genome of recombinant viruses which were further characterized. We show that D268, located in the segment consisting of residues 264 to 273, which refolds into postfusion helix F during G structural transition, is the major pH sensor while D274, D395, and D393 have additional contributions. Furthermore, a single passage of recombinant virus bearing the mutation D268L (which was demonstrated to stabilize the G postfusion state) resulted in a pseudorevertant with a compensatory second mutation, L271P. This revealed that the propensity of the segment of residues 264 to 273 to refold into helix F has to be finely tuned since either an increase (mutation D268L alone) or a decrease (mutation L271P alone) of this propensity is detrimental to the virus. Vesicular stomatitis virus enters cells via endocytosis. Endosome acidification induces a structural transition of its unique glycoprotein (G), which mediates fusion between viral and endosomal membranes. G conformational change is reversible upon increases in pH. This allows G to recover its native 1. Decay of giant resonances states in radiative pion capture by 1p shell nuclei International Nuclear Information System (INIS) Dogotar, G.E. 1978-01-01 The decay of the giant resonance states excited in tthe radiative pion capture on the 9 Be, 11 B, 13 C and 14 N nuclei is considered in the shell model with intermediate coupling. It is shown that the excited states in the daughter nuclei (A-1, Z-1) are mainly populated by intermediate states with spin by two units larger than the spin of the target nuclei. Selected coincidence experiments are proposed 2. Doubly excited 2s2p 1,3Po resonance states of helium in dense plasmas International Nuclear Information System (INIS) Kar, Sabyasachi; Ho, Y.K. 2005-01-01 We have made an investigation on the 2s2p 1,3 P o resonance states of helium embedded in dense plasma environments. A screened Coulomb potential obtained from the Debye model is used to represent the interaction between the charge particles. A correlated wave function consisting of a generalized exponential expansion has been used to represent the correlation effect. Resonance energies and widths for the doubly excited He embedded in plasmas with various Debye lengths are determined using the stabilization method by calculating the density of resonance states. The resonance energies and widths for various Debye parameters ranging from infinity to a small value for the lowest 1,3 P o resonance states are reported 3. Characteristic 7- and 5- states observed in the (p,t) reactions on even-even rare earth nuclei International Nuclear Information System (INIS) Ishizaki, Y.; Kubono, S.; Iwasaki, Y. 1984-01-01 The (p,t) reactions have been studied for the even-even rare earth nuclei with 40 MeV proton beam from the INS SF cyclotron. A pair of 7 - and 5 - states was observed with large cross sections in each of the nuclei with the neutron number (N) ranging from 86 to 100. For sup(140,142)Nd of N = 80 and 82 the data were obtained at KVI in Groningen, and the data for 152 Sm of N = 90 at MSU. Q value systematics of (p,t) reactions to these states seem to suggest that these are excited by the two neutron pick-up from the neutron core of N = 82. The (p,t) cross sections leading to these states of N from 82 to 96 are nearly constant. (author) 4. Bone Mineral 31P and Matrix-Bound Water Densities Measured by Solid-State 1H and 31P MRI Science.gov (United States) Seifert, Alan C.; Li, Cheng; Rajapakse, Chamith S.; Bashoor- Zadeh, Mahdieh; Bhagat, Yusuf A.; Wright, Alexander C.; Zemel, Babette S.; Zavaliangos, Antonios; Wehrli, Felix W. 2014-01-01 Bone is a composite material consisting of mineral and hydrated collagen fractions. MRI of bone is challenging due to extremely short transverse relaxation times, but solid-state imaging sequences exist that can acquire the short-lived signal from bone tissue. Previous work to quantify bone density via MRI used powerful experimental scanners. This work seeks to establish the feasibility of MRI-based measurement on clinical scanners of bone mineral and collagen-bound water densities, the latter as a surrogate of matrix density, and to examine the associations of these parameters with porosity and donors’ age. Mineral and matrix-bound water images of reference phantoms and cortical bone from 16 human donors, ages 27-97 years, were acquired by zero-echo-time 31P and 1H MRI on whole body 7T and 3T scanners, respectively. Images were corrected for relaxation and RF inhomogeneity to obtain density maps. Cortical porosity was measured by micro-CT, and apparent mineral density by pQCT. MRI-derived densities were compared to x-ray-based measurements by least-squares regression. Mean bone mineral 31P density was 6.74±1.22 mol/L (corresponding to 1129±204 mg/cc mineral), and mean bound water 1H density was 31.3±4.2 mol/L (corresponding to 28.3±3.7 %v/v). Both 31P and bound water (BW) densities were correlated negatively with porosity (31P: R2 = 0.32, p bone mineralization ratio (expressed here as the ratio of 31P density to bound water density), which is proportional to true bone mineralization, was found to be uncorrelated with porosity, age, or pQCT density. This work establishes the feasibility of image-based quantification of bone mineral and bound water densities using clinical hardware. PMID:24846186 5. The pupils of L.P. Ginsburg - The graduates of the faculty of mathematics and mechanics of Leningrad State University Science.gov (United States) Matveev, S. K.; Arkhangelskaya, L. A.; Akimov, G. A. 2018-05-01 Isaak Pavlovich Ginzburg (1910-1979) was a professor at the hydroaeromechanics department of Leningrad State University, a prominent scientist, an outstanding organizer and a brilliant educator, who had trained more than one generation of specialists in the field of fluid, gas and plasma mechanics. Many of his students became major scientists and organizers of science. The present paper is devoted to the students of I.P. Ginzburg graduated from the Mathematics and Mechanics Faculty of Leningrad State University. 6. Contribution to Λ+c → φΣ, φΛ and p anti Ko from excited states International Nuclear Information System (INIS) Turan, G.; Eeg, J.O. 1990-12-01 Contributions to Λ c + → φΣ, φΛ and p anti K o from excited states are considered. The calculations are performed within the MIT-bag model and a Heavy Quark bag model. Because the mass of Λ c + is rather big compared to the strange baryons, excited baryon states with mass close to that of Λ c + in some cases give significant pole contributions to the decay amplitudes of Λ c + . 20 refs., 3 tabs 7. Empty-electronic-state evolution for Sc and electron dynamics at the 3p-3d giant dipole resonance International Nuclear Information System (INIS) Hu, Y.; Wagener, T.J.; Gao, Y.; Weaver, J.H. 1989-01-01 Inverse photoemission has been used to study the developing electronic states of an early transition metal, Sc, during thin-film growth and to investigate the effects of these states on the 3p-3d giant dipole resonance. Energy- and coverage-dependent intensity variations of the empty Sc states show that the 3d maximum moves 1.1 eV toward the Fermi level as the thickness of the Sc film increases from 1 to 300 A as measured with an incident electron energy of 41.25 eV, an effect attributed to metallic band formation via hybridization of atomic 4s and 3d states. Incident-energy-dependent intensity variations for these empty Sc features show resonant photon emission for incident electron energies above the 3p threshold, with maxima at 43 and 44 eV for 300- and 5-A-thick films, respectively. Considerations of hybridization-induced energy shifts of the empty Sc 3d states demonstrate that the radiative energy changes very little with Sc coverages. These studies indicate coupling of decay channels involving the inverse photoemission continuum and the recombination of the atomic 3p-3d giant dipole transition, the energy of the latter being determined by atomic 3p-3d excitation processes 8. Mean life of the 2p4(1S)3s 2S state in fluorine International Nuclear Information System (INIS) Cheng, K.T.; Chen, M.H. 1985-01-01 In this work, we calculate the radiationless as well as the radiative decay rates for the 2p 4 ( 1 S)3s 2 S state. For comparison purposes, we also make similar calculations for the 2p 4 ( 1 D)4s 2 D state. Our calculation is based on the multi-configuration Dirac-Fock (MCDF) method. As spin-orbit interaction is built in, this method is capable of studying LS forbidden Auger transitions. Details of the Auger transition calculations have been given before. 9 refs 9. State Estimation in Fermentation of Lignocellulosic Ethanol. Focus on the Use of pH Measurements DEFF Research Database (Denmark) Mauricio Iglesias, Miguel; Gernaey, Krist; Huusom, Jakob Kjøbsted 2015-01-01 The application of the continuous-discrete extended Kalman filter (CD-EKF) as a powerful tool for state estimation in biochemical systems is assessed here. Using a fermentation process for ethanol production as a case study, the CD-EKF can effectively estimate the model states even when highly non... 10. Observation of$J/\\psi$p resonances consistent with pentaquark states in$\\wedge_ b^0$→$J/\\psi K^−p$decays CERN Document Server AUTHOR|(INSPIRE)INSPIRE-00400750 The observation of structures consistent with charmonium-pentaquark states decaying to$J/\\psi p$in$\\wedge_b^0$→$J/\\psi K^−p$decays is presented. The data sample analyzed corresponds to an integrated luminosity of$3 fb^−1$acquired with the LHCb detector from 7 and 8 TeV$pp$collisions. An amplitude analysis was performed which utilized all six kinematic degrees of freedom in the decay. It was shown that adequate descriptions of the data are unattainable with only$K^−p$resonances in the amplitude model. For satisfactory fits of the data, it was found to be necessary to include two$J/\\psi p$resonances, with each having significances of over 9 standard deviations. One has a mass of$4449.8 \\pm1.7\\pm2.2 MeV$and a width of$39\\pm5\\pm16 MeV$, while the second is broader, with a mass of$4380 \\pm8\\pm29 MeV$and a width of$205\\pm18\\pm87 MeV$. The$J^Passignments could not be uniquely determined, though there is a preference for one to have spin 3/2 and the other spin 5/2 with an opposite parit... 11. Study of the excited states of 28Si using the 27Al(p,γ)28Si radiative capture International Nuclear Information System (INIS) Dalmas, Jean. 1974-01-01 The gamma decay of 28 Si levels excited in the 27 Al(p,γ) 28 Si reaction has been investigated in the energy range Esub(p) 3 classification. A part from the K=0 + rotational band based on the ground state, the SU 3 previsions are not substantiated, but can not definitely rejected, and a few experiment are suggested. On the other band, many results are consistent with the shell model calculations [fr 12. The hyperfine structure constants for the 4s24p and 4s25s states of Ga International Nuclear Information System (INIS) Wang Qingmin; Dong Chenzhong 2012-01-01 The hyperfine structure (hfs) constants for the states 4s 2 4p 2 P 1/2,3/2 and 4s 2 5s 2 S 1/2 of 71 Ga were calculated using the GRASP2K package based on the multiconfiguration Dirac-Fock (MCDF) method. The results indicated that the core polarization effect was important for the hyperfine structure constants. (authors) 13. Observation of J/ψp resonances consistent with pentaquark states in Λb→J/ψpK- decays at LHCb CERN Multimedia CERN. Geneva 2015-01-01 It has now been over 50 years since the inception of the quark model. The original papers by Gell-Mann and Zweig included the description of the now well known three-quark baryons and quark-antiquark mesons. They also included the possibility of "exotic" hadrons, such as mesons containing two quarks and two antiquarks (tetraquarks), or four quarks and an antiquark (pentaquarks). There is no clear reason why such exotic combinations of quarks should not exist. Indeed, in recent years strong tetraquark candidates have been discovered. However, until recently the observation of any lasting pentaquark candidates had eluded all searches. Using the LHCb Run 1 dataset, two J/ψp resonances consistent with pentaquark states have been observed in Λb→J/ψpK- decays. I will describe a full amplitude analysis which was performed in order to be most sensitive to the underlying physics and best study the resonant nature of these states. These states are overwhelmingly significant, and mark the first convincing observati... 14. Measurement of the mass splittings between the b{bar b}{chi}{sub b,J}(1P) states Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB) Edwards, K.W.; Edwards, K.W. [Institute of Particle Physics (Canada); Bellerive, A.; Bellerive, A.; Janicek, R.; Janicek, R.; MacFarlane, D.B.; MacFarlane, D.B.; Patel, P.M.; Patel, P.M. [Institute of Particle Physics (Canada); Sadoff, A.J. [Ithaca College, Ithaca, New York,14850 (United States); Ammar, R.; Baringer, P.; Bean, A.; Besson, D.; Coppage, D.; Darling, C.; Davis, R.; Kotov, S.; Kravchenko, I.; Kwak, N.; Zhou, L. [University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas, 66045 (United States); Anderson, S.; Kubota, Y.; Lee, S.J.; ONeill, J.J.; Poling, R.; Riehle, T.; Smith, A. [University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, 55455 (United States); Alam, M.S.; Athar, S.B.; Ling, Z.; Mahmood, A.H.; Timm, S.; Wappler, F. [State University of New York at Albany, Albany, New York, 12222 (United States); Anastassov, A.; Duboscq, J.E.; Fujino, D.; Gan, K.K.; Hart, T.; Honscheid, K.; Kagan, H.; Kass, R.; Lee, J.; Schwarthoff, H.; Spencer, M.B.; Sung, M.; Undrus, A.; Wolf, A.; Zoeller, M.M. [Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, 43210 (United States); Richichi, S.J.; Severini, H.; Skubic, P. [University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma, 73019 (United States); Bishai, M.; Fast, J.; Hinson, J.W.; Menon, N.; Miller, D.H.; Shibata, E.I.; Shipsey, I.P.; Yurko, M. [Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, 47907 (United States); Glenn, S.; Kwon, Y.; Lyon, A.L.; Roberts, S.; Thorndike, E.H. [University of Rochester, Rochester, New York, 14627 (United States); Jessop, C.P.; Lingel, K.; Marsiske, H.; Perl, M.L.; Savinov, V.; Ugolini, D.; Zhou, X. [Stanford Linear Accelerator Center, Stanford University, Stanford, California, 94309 (United States); Coan, T.E.; Fadeyev, V.; Korolkov, I.; Maravin, Y.; Narsky, I.; Shelkov, V.; Staeck, J.; Stroynowski, R.; Volobouev, I.; Ye, J. [Southern Methodist University, Dallas, Texas, 75275 (United States); Artuso, M.; Azfar, F.; Efimov, A.; Goldberg, M.; He, D.; Kopp, S.; Moneti, G.C.; Mountain, R.; Schuh, S.; Skwarnicki, T.; and others 1999-02-01 We present new measurements of photon energies and branching fractions for the radiative transitions {Upsilon}(2S){r_arrow}{gamma}{chi}{sub b(J=0,1,2)}(1P). The masses of the {chi}{sub b} states are determined from the measured radiative photon energies. The ratio of mass splittings between the {chi}{sub b} substates, r{equivalent_to}(M{sub J=2}{minus}M{sub J=1})/(M{sub J=1}{minus}M{sub J=0}), with M the {chi}{sub b} mass, provides information on the nature of the b{bar b} confining potential. We find r(1P)=0.542{plus_minus}0.022{plus_minus}0.024. This value is somewhat lower than the previous world average, but more consistent with the theoretical expectation that r(1P){lt}r(2P); i.e., that this mass splitting ratio is smaller for the {chi}{sub b}(1P) states than for the {chi}{sub b}(2P) states. {copyright} {ital 1999} {ital The American Physical Society} 15. The low-lying electronic states of BeP: a reliable and accurate quantum mechanical prediction International Nuclear Information System (INIS) Ornellas, Fernando R 2009-01-01 A very high level of theoretical treatment (complete active space self-consistent field CASSCF/MRCI/aug-cc-pV5Z) was used to characterize the spectroscopic properties of a manifold of quartet and doublet states of the species BeP, as yet experimentally unknown. Potential energy curves for 11 electronic states were obtained, as well as the associated vibrational energy levels, and a whole set of spectroscopic constants. Dipole moment functions and vibrationally averaged dipole moments were also evaluated. Similarities and differences between BeN and BeP were analysed along with the isovalent SiB species. The molecule BeP has a X 4 Σ - ground state, with an equilibrium bond distance of 2.073 A, and a harmonic frequency of 516.2 cm -1 ; it is followed closely by the states 2 Π (R e = 2.081 A, ω e = 639.6 cm -1 ) and 2 Σ - (R e = 2.074 A, ω e = 536.5 cm -1 ), at 502 and 1976 cm -1 , respectively. The other quartets investigated, A 4 Π (R e = 1.991 A, ω e = 555.3 cm -1 ) and B 4 Σ - (R e = 2.758 A, ω e = 292.2 cm -1 ) lie at 13 291 and 24 394 cm -1 , respectively. The remaining doublets ( 2 Δ, 2 Σ + (2) and 2 Π(3)) all fall below 28 000 cm -1 . Avoided crossings between the 2 Σ + states and between the 2 Π states add an extra complexity to this manifold of states. 16. Radioactive nuclide production and isomeric state branching ratios in P + W reactions to 200 mev International Nuclear Information System (INIS) Young, P.G.; Chadwick, M.B. 1995-01-01 Calculations of nuclide yields from spallation reactions usually assume that the products are formed in their ground states. We are performing calculations of product yields from proton reactions on tungsten isotopes that explicitly account for formation of the residual nuclei in excited states. The Hauser-Feshbach statistical/preequilibrium code GNASH, with full accounting for angular momentum conservation and electromagnetic transitions, is utilized in the calculations. We present preliminary results for isomer branching ratios for proton reactions to 200 MeV for several products including the 31-y, 16+ state in l78 Hf and the 25-d, 25/2- state in 179 Hf. Knowledge of such branching ratios, might be important for concepts such as accelerator production of tritium that utilize intermediate-energy proton reactions on tungsten 17. Molecular Symmetry Analysis of Low-Energy Torsional and Vibrational States in the S_{0} and S_{1} States of p-XYLENE to Interpret the Rempi Spectrum Science.gov (United States) Groner, Peter; Gardner, Adrian M.; Tuttle, William Duncan; Wright, Timothy G. 2017-06-01 The electronic transition S_{1} ← S_{0} of p-xylene (pXyl) has been observed by REMPI spectroscopy. Its analysis required a detailed investigation of the molecular symmetry of pXyl whose methyl groups are almost free internal rotors. The molecular symmetry group of pXyl has 72 operators. This group, called [33]D_{2h}, is isomorphic to G_{36}(EM), the double group for ethane and dimethyl acetylene even though it is NOT a double group for pXyl. Loosely speaking, the group symbol, [33]D_{2h}, indicates that is for a molecule with two threefold rotors on a molecular frame with D_{2h} point group symmetry. The transformation properties of the (i) free internal rotor basis functions for the torsional coordinates, (ii) the asymmetric rotor (Wang) basis functions for the Eulerian angles, (iii) nuclear spin functions, (iv) potential function, and (v) transitions dipole moment functions were determined. The forms of the torsional potential in the S_{0} and S_{1} states and the dependence of the first order torsional splittings on the potential coefficients have been obtained. AM Gardner, WD Tuttle, P. Groner, TG Wright, J. Chem. Phys., submitted Dec 2016 P Groner, JR Durig, J. Chem. Phys., 66 (1977) 1856 PR Bunker, P Jensen, Molecular Symmetry and Spectroscopy (1998, NRC Research Press, Ottawa, 2nd ed.) 18. Fine structure and ionization energy of the 1s2s2p 4P state of the helium negative ion He-. Science.gov (United States) Wang, Liming; Li, Chun; Yan, Zong-Chao; Drake, G W F 2014-12-31 The fine structure and ionization energy of the 1s2s2p (4)P state of the helium negative ion He(-) are calculated in Hylleraas coordinates, including relativistic and QED corrections up to O(α(4)mc(2)), O((μ/M)α(4)mc(2)), O(α(5)mc(2)), and O((μ/M)α(5)mc(2)). Higher order corrections are estimated for the ionization energy. A comparison is made with other calculations and experiments. We find that the present results for the fine structure splittings agree with experiment very well. However, the calculated ionization energy deviates from the experimental result by about 1 standard deviation. The estimated theoretical uncertainty in the ionization energy is much less than the experimental accuracy. 19. Molecular Dynamic Simulation Insights into the Normal State and Restoration of p53 Function Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden) Jianzhong Chen 2012-08-01 Full Text Available As a tumor suppressor protein, p53 plays a crucial role in the cell cycle and in cancer prevention. Almost 50 percent of all human malignant tumors are closely related to a deletion or mutation in p53. The activity of p53 is inhibited by over-active celluar antagonists, especially by the over-expression of the negative regulators MDM2 and MDMX. Protein-protein interactions, or post-translational modifications of the C-terminal negative regulatory domain of p53, also regulate its tumor suppressor activity. Restoration of p53 function through peptide and small molecular inhibitors has become a promising strategy for novel anti-cancer drug design and development. Molecular dynamics simulations have been extensively applied to investigate the conformation changes of p53 induced by protein-protein interactions and protein-ligand interactions, including peptide and small molecular inhibitors. This review focuses on the latest MD simulation research, to provide an overview of the current understanding of interactions between p53 and its partners at an atomic level. 20. Photobiomodulation reduces photoreceptor death and regulates cytoprotection in early states of P23H retinal dystrophy Science.gov (United States) Kirk, Diana K.; Gopalakrishnan, Sandeep; Schmitt, Heather; Abroe, Betsy; Stoehr, Michele; Dubis, Adam; Carroll, Joseph; Stone, Jonathan; Valter, Krisztina; Eells, Janis 2013-03-01 Irradiation by light in the far-red to near-infrared (NIR) region of the spectrum (photobiomodulation, PBM) has been demonstrated to attenuate the severity of neurodegenerative disease in experimental and clinical studies. The purpose of this study was to test the hypothesis that 670 nm PBM would protect against the loss of retinal function and improve photoreceptor survival in a rodent model of retinitis pigmentosa, the P23H transgenic rat. P23H rat pups were treated once per day with a 670 nm LED array (180 sec treatments at 50 mW/cm2; fluence 9 joules/cm2) (Quantum Devices Inc., Barneveld WI) from postnatal day (p) 16-20 or from p10-20. Sham-treated rats were restrained, but not exposed to NIR light. The status of the retina was determined at p22 by assessment of mitochondrial function, oxidative stress and cell death. In a second series of studies, retinal status was assessed at p30 by measuring photoreceptor function by ERG and retinal morphology by Spectral Domain Optical Coherence Tomography (SD-OCT). 670 nm PBM increased retinal mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase activity and upregulated the retina's production of the key mitochondrial antioxidant enzyme, MnSOD. PBM also attenuated photoreceptor cell loss and improved photoreceptor function. PBM protects photoreceptors in the developing P23H retina, by augmenting mitochondrial function and stimulating antioxidant protective pathways. Photobiomodulation may have therapeutic potential, where mitochondrial damage is a step in the death of photoreceptors. 1. Single molecule activity measurements of cytochrome P450 oxidoreductase reveal the existence of two discrete functional states DEFF Research Database (Denmark) Laursen, Tomas; Singha, Aparajita; Rantzau, Nicolai 2014-01-01 450 enzymes. Measurements and statistical analy-sis of individual catalytic turnover cycles shows POR to sample at least two major functional states. This phenotype may underlie regulatory interactions with different cytochromes P450 but to date remained masked in bulk kinetics. To ensure that we... 2. Investigating the reactivity of pMDI with wood cell walls using high-resolution solution-state NMR spectroscopy Science.gov (United States) Daniel J. Yelle; John Ralph; Charles R. Frihart 2009-01-01 The objectives of this study are the following: (1) Use solution-state NMR to assign contours in HSQC spectra of the reaction products between pMDI model compounds and: (a) lignin model compounds, (b) milled-wood lignin, (c) ball-milled wood, (d) microtomed loblolly pine; (2) Determine where and to what degree urethane formation occurs with loblolly pine cell wall... 3. The Complex Spin State of 103P-Hartley 2: Kinematics and Orientation in Space Science.gov (United States) Belton, Michael J. S.; Thomas, Peter; Li, Jian-Yang; Williams, Jade; Carcich, Brian; A'Hearn, Michael F.; McLaughlin, Stephanie; Farnham, Tony; McFadden, Lucy; Lisse, Carey M.; 2013-01-01 We derive the spin state of the nucleus of Comet 103P/Hartley 2, its orientation in space, and its short-term temporal evolution from a mixture of observations taken from the DIXI (Deep Impact Extended Investigation) spacecraft and radar observations. The nucleus is found to spin in an excited long-axis mode (LAM) with its rotational angular momentum per unit mass, M, and rotational energy per unit mass, E, slowly decreasing while the degree of excitation in the spin increases through perihelion passage. M is directed toward (RA, Dec; J2000) = 8+/-+/- 4 deg., 54 +/- 1 deg. (obliquity = 48 +/- 1 deg.). This direction is likely changing, but the change is probably <6 deg. on the sky over the approx. 81.6 days of the DIXI encounter. The magnitudes of M and E at closest approach (JD 2455505.0831866 2011-11-04 13:59:47.310) are 30.0 +/- 0.2 sq. m/s and (1.56 +/- 0.02) X 10(exp -3) sq. m /sq. s respectively. The period of rotation about the instantaneous spin vector, which points in the direction (RA, Dec; J2000) = 300 +/- 3.2deg., 67 +/- 1.3 deg. at the time of closest approach, was 14.1 +/- 0.3 h. The instantaneous spin vector circulates around M, inclined at an average angle of 33.2 +/- 1.3 deg. with an average period of 18.40 +/- 0.13 h at the time of closest approach. The period of roll around the principal axis of minimum inertia (''long'' axis) at that time is 26.72 +/- 0.06 h. The long axis is inclined to M by approx. 81.2 +/- 0.6 deg. on average, slowly decreasing through encounter. We infer that there is a periodic nodding motion of the long axis with half the roll period, i.e., 13.36+/- 0.03 h, with amplitude of 1 again decreasing through encounter. The periodic variability in the circulation and roll rates during a cycle was at the 2% and 10-14% level respectively. During the encounter there was a secular lengthening of the circulation period of the long axis by 1.3 +/- 0.2 min/d, in agreement with ground-based estimates, while the period of roll around the 4. Science.gov (United States) Huang, Ming-Tie; Wehlitz, Ralf 2010-03-01 Correlated many-body dynamics is still one of the unsolved fundamental problems in physics. Such correlation effects can be most clearly studied in processes involving single atoms for their simplicity.Lithium, being the simplest open shell atom, has been under a lot of study. Most of the studies focused on ground state lithium. However, only odd parity resonances can be populated through single photon (synchrotron radiation) absorption from ground state lithium (1s^22s). Lithium atoms, after being laser excited to the 1s^22p state, allow the study of even parity resonances. We have measured some of the even parity resonances of lithium for resonant energies below 64 eV. A single-mode diode laser is used to excite lithium from 1s^22s ground state to 1s^22p (^2P3/2) state. Photoions resulting from the interaction between the excited lithium and synchrotron radiation were analyzed and collected by an ion time-of-flight (TOF) spectrometer with a Z- stack channel plate detector. The Li^+ ion yield was recorded while scanning the undulator along with the monochromator. The energy scans have been analyzed regarding resonance energies and parameters of the Fano profiles. Our results for the observed resonances will be presented. 5. Study of astrophysically important resonant states in 30 S using the 32S(p,t30 S reaction Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden) Wrede C. 2010-03-01 Full Text Available A small fraction (< 1% of presolar SiC grains is suggested to have been formed in the ejecta of classical novae. The 29P(p,γ30S reaction plays an important role in understanding the Si isotopic abundances in such grains, which in turn provide us with information on the nature of the probable white dwarf progenitor’s core, as well as the peak temperatures achieved during nova outbursts, and thus the nova nucleosynthetic path. The 29P(p,γ30S reaction rate at nova temperatures is determined by two low-lying 3+ and 2+ resonances above the proton threshold at 4399 keV in 30S. Despite several experimental studies in the past, however, only one of these two states has only been observed very recently. We have studied the 30S nuclear structure via the 32S(p,t 30S reaction at 5 laboratory angles between 9° to 62°. We have observed 14 states, eleven of which are above the proton threshold, including two levels at 4692.7 ± 4.5 keV and 4813.8 ± 3.4 keV that are candidates for the 3+ and the previously “issing” 2+ state, respectively. 6. Stable π-Extended p -Quinodimethanes: Synthesis and Tunable Ground States KAUST Repository Zeng, Zebing; Wu, Jishan 2014-01-01 in molecules with even larger biradical character and higher reactivity. Therefore, the synthesis of stable π-extended p-QDMs is very challenging. In this Personal Account we will briefly discuss different stabilizing strategies and synthetic methods towards 7. Structure of the excited states of 11Be reached through the reaction d(10Be,p)11Be International Nuclear Information System (INIS) Delaunay, F. 2003-10-01 The one-neutron transfer reaction d( 10 Be,p) 11 Be has been studied at 32 A.MeV at GANIL with a 10 Be secondary beam. Protons were detected by the silicon strip array MUST. The ground state and excited states of 11 Be at 0.32, 1.78 and 3.41 MeV were populated, demonstrating the feasibility of transfer reactions induced by radioactive beams leading to bound and unbound states. A DWBA (distorted wave born approximation) analysis indicates for the 3.41 MeV state spin and parity 3/2 + or 5/2 + and a spectroscopic factor of 0.18 or 0.11, respectively. A broad structure centered at 10 MeV is also observed and corresponds to transfer to the 1d sub-shells. If one assumes that only the 1d3/2 orbital contributes to this structure, the splitting of the 1d neutron states in 11 Be is estimated to be 6.3 MeV. Using a 2-particle-RPA (random phase approximation) model, we have shown that neutron-neutron correlations play an important role in the inversion between the 2s1/2 and 1p1/2 neutron states in 11 Be. (author) 8. Ultraviolet transitions from the 2 3P states of helium-like argon International Nuclear Information System (INIS) Davis, W.A. 1976-09-01 This thesis describes the observation of two allowed electric dipole transitions in helium-like argon. The transitions are 2 3 P 2 --2 3 S 1 and 2 3 P 0 --2 3 S 1 . These transitions were observed by using a vacuum ultraviolet monochromator to collect photons from decays-in-flight of a beam-foil excited argon ion beam. The ion beam was generated by the Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory heavy ion linear accelerator (SuperHILAC) and had a beam energy of 138 MeV with a charge current of roughly 500 nanoamperes. After initial observation, the lifetimes and absolute wavelengths of these transitions were measured. The results are tau(2 3 P 2 ) = 1.62 +- 0.08 X 10 -9 sec, tau(2 3 P 0 ) = 4.87 +- 0.44 X 10 -9 sec, lambda(2 3 P 2 --2 3 S 1 ) = 560.2 +- 0.9A, and lambda(2 3 P 0 --2 3 S 1 ) = 660.7 +- 1.1A. This work has demonstrated the observability of these transitions in high-Z ions using beam-foil excitation. Employing a new grazing-incidence spectrometer this work will be pursued in ions of higher Z. Accuracies of at least one part in a thousand should be attainable and will probe the radiative contributions to these transitions to better than 10 percent in a previously unstudied region 9. High-p_Tmulti-jet final states at ATLAS and CMS CERN Document Server Lange, Clemens 2016-01-01 The increase of the centre-of-mass energy of the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) to 13 TeV has opened up a new energy regime. Final states including high-momentum multi-jet signatures often dominate beyond standard model phenomena, in particular decay products of new heavy particles. While the potential di-photon resonance currently receives a lot of attention, multi-jet final states pose strong constraints on what physics model an observation could actually be described with. In this presentation, the latest results of the ATLAS and CMS collaborations in high transverse momentum multi-jet final states are summarised. This includes searches for heavy resonances and new phenomena in the di-jet mass spectrum, di-jet angular distributions, and the sum of transverse momenta in different event topologies. Furthermore, results on leptoquark pair production will be shown. A particular focus is laid on the different background estimation methods. 10. Radiative lifetime measurements of the singlet-G states of H2 and the 4p35p and 4d5D0 states of neutral oxygen atom International Nuclear Information System (INIS) Day, R.L. 1981-01-01 The present work reports measurements of the mean radiative lifetime for the G 1 μ/sub g/ + (v' = 0,1,2,3) and l 1 II/sub g/ + (v' = 0) Rydberg states and the K 1 μ/sub g/ + (v' = 0,1,2),M 1 μ/sub g/ + (v' = 0) and N 1 μ/sub g/ + (v' - 1,2) doubly excited of the H 2 molecule. In particular, the resulting radiative transitions G 1 μ/sub g/ + (v' = 0,1,2,3) → B 1 μ/sub u/ + (v'' = 0,1,3,5,7), l 1 II/sub g/ + (v' = 0) → B 1 μ/sub u/ + (v'' = 0), K 1 μ/sub g/ + (v' = 0,1,2) → B 1 μ/sub u/ + (v'' = 0,1), M 1 μ/sub g/ + (v' = 0) → B 1 μ/sub u/ + (v'' = 0) and N 1 μ/sub g/ + (v' = 1,2) → B 1 μ/sub u/ + (v'' = 0,2) are observed using time-resolved techniques. Radiative lifetime measurements in the range approx. 21 to 70 ns are obtained at 50 eV incident electron energy and approx. 30 mtorr H 2 gas pressure. In addition, H 2 - H 2 * quenching rate data are obtained for several rovibronic levels of the singlet-g states over the pressure range approx. 10 to 400 mtorr. In addition, time-resolved techniques are also used to observe the 4p 5 P → 3s 5 S 0 , 4p 3 P → 3s 3 S 0 , and 4d 5 D 0 → 3p 3 P multiplet transitions of the Ol spectrum occurring at lambda = 3947 A, lambda = 4368 A, and lambda = 6157 A, respectively. The excited atomic states are produced through dissociative-excitation of O 2 target gas by a pulsed electron beam of approx. 0.5 and 2 μs pulse width and 100 eV incident energy. The mean radiative lifetimes of the 4p 5 P, 4p 3 P and 4d 5 D 0 multiplets are obtained from analysis of the resulting radiative decay over the pressure range approx. 20 - 100 mtorr, and are reported as 194 ns, 161 ns, and 95 ns, respectively. The corresponding collisional deactivation cross sections for the multiplets are also obtained from the lifetime versus pressure measurements and are reported as 3.2 x 10 - 15 cm 2 , 7.7 x 10 - 15 cm 2 , and 1.6 x 10 - 15 cm 2 , respectively 11. Alignment of Ar{sup +} [{sup 3}P]4p{sup 2}P{sup 0}{sub 3/2} satellite state from the polarization analysis of fluorescent radiation after photoionization Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB) Yenen, O.; McLaughlin, K.W.; Jaecks, D.H. [Univ. of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE (United States)] [and others 1997-04-01 The measurement of the polarization of radiation from satellite states of Ar{sup +} formed after the photoionization of Ar provides detailed information about the nature of doubly excited states, magnetic sublevel cross sections and partial wave ratios of the photo-ejected electrons. Since the formation of these satellite states is a weak process, it is necessary to use a high flux beam of incoming photons. In addition, in order to resolve the many narrow doubly excited Ar resonances, the incoming photons must have a high resolution. The characteristics of the beam line 9.0.1 of the Advanced Light Source fulfill these requirements. The authors determined the polarization of 4765 {Angstrom} fluorescence from the Ar{sup +} [{sup 3}P] 4p {sup 2}P{sub 3/2}{sup 0} satellite state formed after photoionization of Ar by photons from the 9.0.1 beam line of ALS in the 35.620-38.261 eV energy range using a resolution of approximately 12,700. This is accomplished by measuring the intensities of the fluorescent light polarized parallel (I{parallel}) and perpendicular (I{perpendicular}) to the polarization axis of the incident synchrotron radiation using a Sterling Optics 105MB polarizing filter. The optical system placed at 90{degrees} with respect to the polarization axis of the incident light had a narrow band interference filter ({delta}{lambda}=0.3 nm) to isolate the fluorescent radiation. 12. Molecular-based Equation of State for TIP4P Water Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database Jirsák, Jan; Nezbeda, Ivo 2007-01-01 Roč. 136, č. 3 (2007), s. 310-316 ISSN 0167-7322 R&D Projects: GA AV ČR 1ET400720409; GA AV ČR IAA4072303 Institutional research plan: CEZ:AV0Z40720504 Keywords : equation of state * perturbation theory * primitive models Subject RIV: CF - Physical ; Theoretical Chemistry Impact factor: 0.982, year: 2007 13. The Gaseous State. Independent Learning Project for Advanced Chemistry (ILPAC). Unit P1. Science.gov (United States) Inner London Education Authority (England). This unit on the gaseous state is one of 10 first year units produced by the Independent Learning Project for Advanced Chemistry (ILPAC). The unit consists of two levels. Level one deals with the distinctive characteristics of gases, then considers the gas laws, in particular the ideal gas equation and its applications. Level two concentrates on… 14. Educational Attainment in the United States: 2015. Population Characteristics. Current Population Reports. P20-578 Science.gov (United States) Ryan, Camille L.; Bauman, Kurt 2016-01-01 This report provides a portrait of educational attainment in the United States based on data collected from the Current Population Survey (CPS). The report examines educational attainment of the adult population by demographic and social characteristics such as age, sex, race and Hispanic origin, and disability status, as well as differences in… 15. Educational Attainment in the United States: 2009. Population Characteristics. Current Population Reports. P20-566 Science.gov (United States) Ryan, Camille L.; Siebens, Julie 2012-01-01 This report provides a portrait of educational attainment in the United States based on data collected in the 2009 American Community Survey (ACS) and the 2005-2009 ACS 5-year estimates. It also uses data from the Annual Social and Economic Supplement (ASEC) to the Current Population Survey (CPS) collected in 2009 and earlier, as well as monthly… 16. School Enrollment in the United States: 2011. Population Characteristics. P20-571 Science.gov (United States) Davis, Jessica; Bauman, Kurt 2013-01-01 In the United States in 2011, more than one in four people were going to school. This included many types of people--children going to nursery school and elementary school, young adults attending high school and college, and adults taking classes to obtain a degree or diploma. What is known about these people--their age and sex, where they live,… 17. Hole states in diamond p-delta-doped field effect transistors International Nuclear Information System (INIS) Martinez-Orozco, J C; Rodriguez-Vargas, I; Mora-Ramos, M E 2009-01-01 The p-delta-doping in diamond allows to create high density two-dimensional hole gases. This technique has already been applied in the design and fabrication of diamond-based field effect transistors. Consequently, the knowledge of the electronic structure is of significant importance to understand the transport properties of diamond p-delta-doped systems. In this work the hole subbands of diamond p-type delta-doped quantum wells are studied within the framework of a local-density Thomas-Fermi-based approach for the band bending profile. The calculation incorporates an independent three-hole-band scheme and considers the effects of the contact potential, the delta-channel to contact distance, and the ionized impurity density. 18. Hole states in diamond p-delta-doped field effect transistors Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB) Martinez-Orozco, J C; Rodriguez-Vargas, I [Unidad Academica de Fisica, Universidad Autonoma de Zacatecas, Calzada Solidaridad Esquina con Paseo la Bufa S/N, CP 98060 Zacatecas, ZAC. (Mexico); Mora-Ramos, M E, E-mail: jcmover@correo.unam.m [Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autonoma del Estado de Morelos, Av. Universidad 1001, Col. Chamilpa, CP 62209 Cuernavaca, MOR. (Mexico) 2009-05-01 The p-delta-doping in diamond allows to create high density two-dimensional hole gases. This technique has already been applied in the design and fabrication of diamond-based field effect transistors. Consequently, the knowledge of the electronic structure is of significant importance to understand the transport properties of diamond p-delta-doped systems. In this work the hole subbands of diamond p-type delta-doped quantum wells are studied within the framework of a local-density Thomas-Fermi-based approach for the band bending profile. The calculation incorporates an independent three-hole-band scheme and considers the effects of the contact potential, the delta-channel to contact distance, and the ionized impurity density. 19. Tunneling current into the vortex lattice states of s-and p- wave superconductors International Nuclear Information System (INIS) Kowalewski, L.; Nogala, M.M.; Thomas, M.; Wojciechowski, R.J. 2000-01-01 The tunneling current between the metallic tip of a scanning microscope and s- and p-wave superconductors in quantizing magnetic field is investigated. The differential conductance is calculated both as a function of bias voltage at the centre of the vortex line and for varying position of the scanning tunneling microscope tip at a stable voltage. (author) 20. Efficient k⋅p method for the calculation of total energy and electronic density of states OpenAIRE Iannuzzi, Marcella; Parrinello, Michele 2001-01-01 An efficient method for calculating the electronic structure in large systems with a fully converged BZ sampling is presented. The method is based on a k.p-like approximation developed in the framework of the density functional perturbation theory. The reliability and efficiency of the method are demostrated in test calculations on Ar and Si supercells 1. InP integrated photonics : state of the art and future directions NARCIS (Netherlands) Williams, Kevin 2017-01-01 InP integrated circuits enable transceiver technologies with more than 200Gb/s per wavelength and 2Tb/s per fiber. Advances in monolithic integration are poised to reduce energy. remove assembly complexity, and sustain future year-on-year performance increases. 2. Repercussion of Solid state vs. Liquid state synthesized p-n heterojunction RGO-copper phosphate on proton reduction potential in water. Science.gov (United States) Samal, Alaka; Das, Dipti P; Madras, Giridhar 2018-02-13 The same copper phosphate catalysts were synthesized by obtaining the methods involving solid state as well as liquid state reactions in this work. And then the optimised p-n hybrid junction photocatalysts have been synthesized following the same solid/liquid reaction pathways. The synthesized copper phosphate photocatalyst has unique rod, flower, caramel-treat-like morphology. The Mott-Schottky behavior is in accordance with the expected behavior of n-type semiconductor and the carrier concentration was calculated using the M-S analysis for the photocatalyst. And for the p-n hybrid junction of 8RGO-Cu 3 (PO 4 ) 2 -PA (PA abbreviated for photoassisted synthesis method), 8RGO-Cu 3 (PO 4 ) 2 -EG(EG abbreviated for Ethylene Glycol based synthesis method), 8RGO-Cu 3 (PO 4 ) 2 -PEG (PEG abbreviated for Poly(ethylene glycol)-block-poly(propylene glycol)-block-poly(ethylene glycol based synthesis method)the amount of H 2 synthesized was 7500, 6500 and 4500 µmol/h/g, respectively. The excited electrons resulting after the irradiation of visible light on the CB of p-type reduced graphene oxide (RGO) migrate easily to n-type Cu 3 (PO 4 ) 2 via. the p-n junction interfaces and hence great charge carrier separation was achieved. 3. Possibilities of new materials surface sensibility express determination based on ZnSe-CdS system by pH isoelectric state measurements of the surface state Science.gov (United States) Kirovskaya, I. A.; Mironova, E. V.; Ushakov, O. V.; Nor, P. E.; Yureva, A. V.; Matyash, Yu I. 2018-01-01 A method for determining the hydrogen index of the surfaces isoelectric state (pHiso) at various gases pressures -possible components of the surrounding and technological media has been developed. With its use, changes in pH of binary and more complex semiconductors-components of the new system-ZnSe-CdS under the influence of nitrogen dioxide-have been found. The limiting sensitivity of surfaces - minimum PNO2, causing a change in pH has been estimated. The most active components of ZnSe-CdS system, recommended as materials for measuring cells of NO2, have been revealed. The relationship between the changing patterns with the composition of surface (acid-base) and bulk (in particular, theoretical calculated crystal density) properties has been established, allowing to find the most effective materials for sensor technology and for semiconductor analysis. 4. Radiation monitoring and dose distribution of medical workers in A.P. state 1999-2000 International Nuclear Information System (INIS) Singh, D.R.; Reddy, K.S.; Kamble, M.K.; Roy, Madhumita 2001-01-01 Individual monitoring for external ionizing radiation is being conducted for all radiation workers in Andhra Pradesh State by TLD Unit located in Nuclear Fuel Complex, Hyderabad.The Unit comes under Personnel Monitoring Section of Bhabha Atomic Research Center, Mumbai. The aim of monitoring is to confirm that the radiation safety standards are strictly adhered in the institutions and also to investigate excessive exposures, if any. Personnel monitoring also provides data for epidemiological studies. In view of ICRP/AERB recommendations of 100 mSv dose limit for the five years block of 1994-98, the dose distribution among radiation workers in Andhra Pradesh State is analyzed for the period 1994-98. In continuation of above work, we have analyzed the data for the year 1999-2000 for various medical diagnostic procedures and these are presented 5. pK(+)Lambda final state: Towards the extraction of the ppK(-) contribution Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database Fabbietti, L.; Agakishiev, G.; Behnke, C.; Belver, D.; Belyaev, A.; Berger-Chen, J. C.; Blanco, A.; Blume, C.; Böhmer, M.; Cabanelas, P.; Chernenko, S.; Dritsa, C.; Dybczak, A.; Epple, E.; Krása, Antonín; Křížek, Filip; Kugler, Andrej; Sobolev, Yuri, G.; Tlustý, Pavel; Wagner, Vladimír 2013-01-01 Roč. 914, SEP (2013), s. 60-68 ISSN 0375-9474 R&D Projects: GA MŠk LC07050; GA AV ČR IAA100480803 Institutional support: RVO:61389005 Keywords : Lambda(1405) * kaonic bound state * meson-baryon interaction * partial wave analysis Subject RIV: BG - Nuclear, Atomic and Molecular Physics, Colliders Impact factor: 2.499, year: 2013 http://www. science direct.com/ science /article/pii/S0375947413004971 6. State of the art on the probabilistic safety assessment (P.S.A.) International Nuclear Information System (INIS) Devictor, N.; Bassi, A.; Saignes, P.; Bertrand, F. 2008-01-01 The use of Probabilistic Safety Assessment (PSA) is internationally increasing as a means of assessing and improving the safety of nuclear and non-nuclear facilities. To support the development of a competence on Probabilistic Safety Assessment, a set of states of the art regarding these tools and their use has been made between 2001 and 2005, in particular on the following topics: - Definition of the PSA of level 1, 2 and 3; - Use of PSA in support to design and operation of nuclear plants (risk-informed applications); - Applications to Non Reactor Nuclear Facilities. The report compiled in a single document these states of the art in order to ensure a broader use; this work has been done in the frame of the Project 'Reliability and Safety of Nuclear Facility' of the Nuclear Development and Innovation Division of the Nuclear Energy Division. As some of these states of the art have been made in support to exchanges with international partners and were written in English, a section of this document is written in English. This work is now applied concretely in support to the design of 4. Generation nuclear systems as Sodium-cooled Fast Reactors and especially Gas-cooled Fast Reactor, that have been the subject of communications during the conferences ANS (Annual Meeting 2007), PSA'08, ICCAP'08 and in the journal Science and Technology of Nuclear Installations. (authors) 7. Characterization of electronic charged states of P-doped Si quantum dots using AFM/Kelvin probe International Nuclear Information System (INIS) Makihara, Katsunori; Xu, Jun; Ikeda, Mitsuhisa; Murakami, Hideki; Higashi, Seiichiro; Miyazaki, Seiichi 2006-01-01 Phosphorous doping to Si quantum dots was performed by a pulse injection of 1% PH 3 diluted with He during the dot formation on thermally grown SiO 2 from thermal decomposition of pure SiH 4 , and electron charging to and discharging from P-doped Si dots were studied to characterize their electronic charged states using a Kelvin probe technique in atomic force microscopy (AFM). The potential change corresponding to the extraction of one electron from each of the P-doped Si dots was observed after applying a tip bias as low as + 0.2 V while for undoped Si dots, with almost the same size as P-doped Si dots, almost the same amount of the potential change was detectable only when the tip bias was increased to ∼ 1 V. It is likely that, for P-doped Si dots, the electron extraction from the conduction band occurs and results in a positively charged state with ionized P donor 8. Valence band states in Si-based p-type delta-doped field effect transistors International Nuclear Information System (INIS) Martinez-Orozco, J C; Vlaev, Stoyan J 2009-01-01 We present tight-binding calculations of the hole level structure of δ-doped Field Effect Transistor in a Si matrix within the first neighbors sp 3 s* semi-empirical tight-binding model including spin. We employ analytical expressions for Schottky barrier potential and the p-type δ-doped well based on a Thomas-Fermi approximation, we consider these potentials as external ones, so in the computations they are added to the diagonal terms of the tight-binding Hamiltonian, by this way we have the possibility to study the energy levels behavior as we vary the backbone parameters in the system: the two-dimensional impurity density (p 2d ) of the p-type δ-doped well and the contact voltage (V c ). The aim of this calculation is to demonstrate that the tight-binding approximation is suitable for device characterization that permits us to propose optimal values for the input parameters involved in the device design. 9. Fundamental processes governing operation and degradation in state of the art P-OLEDs Science.gov (United States) Roberts, Matthew; Asada, Kohei; Cass, Michael; Coward, Chris; King, Simon; Lee, Andrew; Pintani, Martina; Ramon, Miguel; Foden, Clare 2010-05-01 We present a theoretical and experimental analysis of operation and degradation of model fluorescent blue bilayer polymer organic light emitting diodes (P-OLED). Optical and electrical simulations of bilayer P-OLEDs are used to highlight the key material and device parameters required for efficient recombination and outcoupling of excitons. Mobility data for a model interlayer material poly (9,9-dioctylfluorene-N-(4-(2-butyl)phenyl)-diphenylamine) (TFB) and a model fluorescent blue light emitting material poly-(9,9'- dioctylfluorene-co-bis-N, N'-(4-butylphenyl)-bis-N,N'- phenyl-1,4-phenylenediamine) (95:5 mol%) (F8-PFB random copoloymer), is shown to satisfy the key charge transport characteristics required to ensure exciton formation at the optimum location for efficient extraction of the light where μh (LEP) 90%) of the quenching sites produced. This highlights the importance of understanding these reversible phenomena in improving P-OLED lifetime and commercial adoption of the technology. 10. Valence band states in Si-based p-type delta-doped field effect transistors Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB) Martinez-Orozco, J C; Vlaev, Stoyan J, E-mail: jcmover@correo.unam.m [Unidad Academica de Fisica, Universidad Autonoma de Zacatecas, Calzada Solidaridad esquina con Paseo la Bufa S/N, C.P. 98060, Zacatecas, Zac. (Mexico) 2009-05-01 We present tight-binding calculations of the hole level structure of delta-doped Field Effect Transistor in a Si matrix within the first neighbors sp{sup 3}s* semi-empirical tight-binding model including spin. We employ analytical expressions for Schottky barrier potential and the p-type delta-doped well based on a Thomas-Fermi approximation, we consider these potentials as external ones, so in the computations they are added to the diagonal terms of the tight-binding Hamiltonian, by this way we have the possibility to study the energy levels behavior as we vary the backbone parameters in the system: the two-dimensional impurity density (p{sub 2d}) of the p-type delta-doped well and the contact voltage (V{sub c}). The aim of this calculation is to demonstrate that the tight-binding approximation is suitable for device characterization that permits us to propose optimal values for the input parameters involved in the device design. 11. Effect of a pH Gradient on the Protonation States of Cytochrome c Oxidase: A Continuum Electrostatics Study. Science.gov (United States) Magalhães, Pedro R; Oliveira, A Sofia F; Campos, Sara R R; Soares, Cláudio M; Baptista, António M 2017-02-27 Cytochrome c oxidase (CcO) couples the reduction of dioxygen to water with transmembrane proton pumping, which leads to the generation of an electrochemical gradient. In this study we analyze how one of the components of the electrochemical gradient, the difference in pH across the membrane, or ΔpH, influences the protonation states of residues in CcO. We modified our continuum electrostatics/Monte Carlo (CE/MC) method in order to include the ΔpH and applied it to the study of CcO, in what is, to our best knowledge, the first CE/MC study of CcO in the presence of a pH gradient. The inclusion of a transmembrane pH gradient allows for the identification of residues whose titration behavior depends on the pH on both sides of the membrane. Among the several residues with unusual titration profiles, three are well-known key residues in the proton transfer process of CcO: E286 I , Y288 I , and K362 I . All three residues have been previously identified as being critical for the catalytic or proton pumping functions of CcO. Our results suggest that when the pH gradient increases, these residues may be part of a regulatory mechanism to stem the proton flow. 12. Flexible State-Merging for learning (P)DFAs in Python OpenAIRE Hammerschmidt, Christian; Loos, Benjamin Laurent; Verwer, Sicco; State, Radu 2016-01-01 We present a Python package for learning (non-)probabilistic deterministic finite state automata and provide heuristics in the red-blue framework. As our package is built along the API of the popular \\texttt{scikit-learn} package, it is easy to use and new learning methods are easy to add. It provides PDFA learning as an additional tool for sequence prediction or classification to data scientists, without the need to understand the algorithm itself but rather the limitations of PDFA as a mode... 13. Observation of a New JPC = 1-+ Exotic State in the Reaction π-p → π+ π-π- p at 18 GeV/c International Nuclear Information System (INIS) Chung, S.U.; Danyo, K.; Hackenburg, R.W.; Olchanski, C.; Ostrovidov, A.I.; Weygand, D.P.; Willutzki, H.J.; Bodyagin, V.A.; Kodolova, O.L.; Korotkikh, V.L.; Kostin, M.A.; Ostrovidov, A.I.; Sarycheva, L.I.; Sinev, N.B.; Vardanyan, I.N.; Yershov, A.A.; Adams, G.S.; Cummings, J.P.; Kuhn, J.; Napolitano, J.; Nozar, M.; Smith, J.A.; White, D.; Witkowski, M.; Adams, T.; Bishop, J.M.; Cason, N.M.; Ivanov, E.I.; LoSecco, J.M.; Manak, J.J.; Sanjari, A.H.; Shephard, W.D.; Stienike, D.L.; Taegar, S.A.; Thompson, D.R.; Brabson, B.B.; Crittenden, R.R.; Dzierba, A.R.; Gunter, J.; Lindenbusch, R.; Rust, D.R.; Scott, E.; Smith, P.T.; Sulanke, T.; Teige, S.; Brown, D.S.; Pedlar, T.K.; Seth, K.K.; Wise, J.; Zhao, D.; Denisov, S.; Dorofeev, V.; Kachaev, I.; Lipaev, V.; Popov, A.; Ryabchikov, D. 1998-01-01 A partial-wave analysis of the reaction π - p→π + π - π - p at 18 GeV/c has been performed on a data sample of 250000 events obtained by Brookhaven experiment E852. The expected J PC =1 ++ a 1 (1260) , 2 ++ a 2 (1320) , and 2 -+ π 2 (1670) resonant states are clearly observed. The exotic J PC =1 -+ wave produced in the natural parity exchange processes shows distinct resonancelike phase motion at about 1.6 GeV/c 2 in the ρπ channel. A mass-dependent fit results in a resonance mass of 1593±8 +29 -47 MeV /c 2 and a width of 168±20 +150 -12 MeV /c 2 . copyright 1998 The American Physical Society 14. The separation of vibrational coherence from ground- and excited-electronic states in P3HT film International Nuclear Information System (INIS) Song, Yin; Hellmann, Christoph; Stingelin, Natalie; Scholes, Gregory D. 2015-01-01 Concurrence of the vibrational coherence and ultrafast electron transfer has been observed in polymer/fullerene blends. However, it is difficult to experimentally investigate the role that the excited-state vibrational coherence plays during the electron transfer process since vibrational coherence from the ground- and excited-electronic states is usually temporally and spectrally overlapped. Here, we performed 2-dimensional electronic spectroscopy (2D ES) measurements on poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT) films. By Fourier transforming the whole 2D ES datasets (S(λ 1 ,T ~ 2 ,λ 3 )) along the population time (T ~ 2 ) axis, we develop and propose a protocol capable of separating vibrational coherence from the ground- and excited-electronic states in 3D rephasing and nonrephasing beating maps (S(λ 1 ,ν ~ 2 ,λ 3 )). We found that the vibrational coherence from pure excited electronic states appears at positive frequency (+ν ~ 2 ) in the rephasing beating map and at negative frequency (−ν ~ 2 ) in the nonrephasing beating map. Furthermore, we also found that vibrational coherence from excited electronic state had a long dephasing time of 244 fs. The long-lived excited-state vibrational coherence indicates that coherence may be involved in the electron transfer process. Our findings not only shed light on the mechanism of ultrafast electron transfer in organic photovoltaics but also are beneficial for the study of the coherence effect on photoexcited dynamics in other systems 15. The separation of vibrational coherence from ground- and excited-electronic states in P3HT film KAUST Repository Song, Yin 2015-06-07 © 2015 AIP Publishing LLC. Concurrence of the vibrational coherence and ultrafast electron transfer has been observed in polymer/fullerene blends. However, it is difficult to experimentally investigate the role that the excited-state vibrational coherence plays during the electron transfer process since vibrational coherence from the ground- and excited-electronic states is usually temporally and spectrally overlapped. Here, we performed 2-dimensional electronic spectroscopy (2D ES) measurements on poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT) films. By Fourier transforming the whole 2D ES datasets (S (λ 1, T∼ 2, λ 3)) along the population time (T∼ 2) axis, we develop and propose a protocol capable of separating vibrational coherence from the ground- and excited-electronic states in 3D rephasing and nonrephasing beating maps (S (λ 1, ν∼ 2, λ 3)). We found that the vibrational coherence from pure excited electronic states appears at positive frequency (+ ν∼ 2) in the rephasing beating map and at negative frequency (- ν∼ 2) in the nonrephasing beating map. Furthermore, we also found that vibrational coherence from excited electronic state had a long dephasing time of 244 fs. The long-lived excited-state vibrational coherence indicates that coherence may be involved in the electron transfer process. Our findings not only shed light on the mechanism of ultrafast electron transfer in organic photovoltaics but also are beneficial for the study of the coherence effect on photoexcited dynamics in other systems. 16. Agmatine Production by Aspergillus oryzae is Elevated by Low pH During Solid-State Cultivation. Science.gov (United States) Akasaka, Naoki; Kato, Saori; Kato, Saya; Hidese, Ryota; Wagu, Yutaka; Sakoda, Hisao; Fujiwara, Shinsuke 2018-05-25 Sake (rice wine) produced by multiple parallel fermentation (MPF) involving Aspergillus oryzae (strain RW) and Saccharomyces cerevisiae under solid-state cultivation conditions contained 3.5 mM agmatine, while that produced from enzymatically saccharified rice syrup by S. cerevisiae contained oryzae under solid-state cultivation (3.1 mM) but not under submerged cultivation, demonstrating that A. oryzae in solid-state culture produces agmatine. The effect of cultivation conditions on agmatine production was examined. Agmatine production was boosted at 30°C and reached the highest level (6.3 mM) at pH 5.3. The addition of l-lactic, succinic, and citric acids reduced the initial culture pH to 3.0, 3.5, and 3.2, respectively, resulting in further increase in agmatine accumulation (8.2, 8.7, and 8.3 mM, respectively). Homogenate from a solid-state culture exhibited a maximum l-arginine decarboxylase (ADC) activity (74 pmol min -1 μg -1 ) at pH 3.0 at 30°C; that from a submerged culture exhibited an extremely low activity (oryzae , even though A. oryzae lacks ADC orthologs and, instead, possesses four ornithine decarboxylases (ODC1-4). Recombinant ODC1 and ODC2 exhibited no ADC activity at acidic pH (pH 4.0>), suggesting that other decarboxylases or an unidentified ADC is involved in agmatine production. IMPORTANCE It has been speculated that, in general, fungi do not synthesize agmatine from l-arginine because they do not possess genes encoding for arginine decarboxylase. Numerous preclinical studies have shown that agmatine exerts pleiotropic effects on various molecular targets, leading to an improved quality of life. In the present study, we first demonstrated that l-arginine was a feasible substrate for agmatine production by the fungus Aspergillus oryzae RW. We observed that the productivity of agmatine by A. oryzae RW was elevated at low pH only during solid-state cultivation. A. oryzae is utilized in the production of various oriental fermented foods. The 17. Ground-state correlations in 12C and the mechanism of the (e,e'p) reaction International Nuclear Information System (INIS) Steenhoven, G. van der. 1987-01-01 In this thesis the results of an investigation into two aspects of the mechanism of the quasi-elastic (e,e'p) reaction: the interaction between the incident electron and the bound proton and the residual nucleus (final-state interaction (FSI)), are presented and used in the extraction of nuclear-structure information from (e,e'p) measurements on 12 C. The experiments were carried out at NIKHEF-K with a high-resolution spectrometer. Two kinds of experiments have been performed on 12 C. The first was aimed at obtaining accurate momentum distributions for various final states in 11 B. Some special measurements were carried out in order to vary the parameters influencing the FSI. The role of coupled-channels effects in the 12 C(e,e'p) 11 Be reaction is discussed. It is discussed whether some of the weak transitions observed in this reaction, can be associated with knockout from normally unoccupied shell-model orbitals. The second experiment on 12 C was devoted to the e-p coupling. These measurements were supplemented with data taken on 6 Li. The latter measurement allowed for measuring simultaneously knockout from the relatively dense 4 He core and the relatively dilute deuteron. In this way the density dependence of the e-p coupling in the nucleus could be studied. The results of these experiments have been compared to various models that take into account the effect of the nuclear medium upon the e-p coupling. The possible role of charge-exchange and meson-exchange currents in the interpretation of these experiments is also considered. A brief survey of the formalism of the quasi-elastic (e,e'p) reaction is also presented. (author). 196 refs.; 53 figs.; 21 tabs 18. Assay of mouse-cell clones for retrovirus p30 protein by use of an automated solid-state radioimmunoassay International Nuclear Information System (INIS) Kennel, S.J.; Tnnant, R.W. 1979-01-01 A solid-state radioimmunoassay system has been developed that is useful for automated analysis of samples in microtiter plates. Assays for interspecies and type-specific antigenic determinants of the C-type retrovirus protein, p30, have been used to identify clones of cells producing this protein. This method allows testing of at least 1000 clones a day, making it useful for studies of frequencies of virus protein induction, defective virus production, and formation of recombinant viruses 19. Filled and empty states of Zn-TPP films deposited on Fe(001-p(1×1O Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden) Gianlorenzo Bussetti 2016-10-01 Full Text Available Zn-tetraphenylporphyrin (Zn-TPP was deposited on a single layer of metal oxide, namely an Fe(001-p(1×1O surface. The filled and empty electronic states were measured by means of UV photoemission and inverse photoemission spectroscopy on a single monolayer and a 20 monolayer thick film. The ionization energy and the electron affinity of the organic film were deduced and the interface dipole was determined and compared with data available in the literature. 20. Theoretical study of H2/+/ spectroscopic properties. II, III. [2p and 3d excited electronic states Science.gov (United States) Beckel, C. L.; Shafi, M.; Peek, J. M. 1973-01-01 Description of the theoretical spectroscopic properties of the 2p pi/sub u/ and 3d sigma/sub g/ excited states of the H2/+/ hydrogen molecular ion. Numerical integration of the Schrodinger equation is used to determine vibration-rotation eigenvalues. Dunham power series expansions are used to determine the equilibrium separation, potential coefficients, and spectroscopic constants. The eigenvalues are used to determine delta-G, Bv, Dv, and Hv. 1. Contributions of emotional state and attention to the processing of syntactic agreement errors: evidence from P600 Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden) Martine Wilhelmina Francina Teresia Verhees 2015-04-01 Full Text Available The classic account of language is that language processing occurs in isolation from other cognitive systems, like perception, motor action and emotion. The theme of this paper is the relationship between a participant’s emotional state and language comprehension. Does emotional context affect how we process neutral words? Recent studies showed that processing of word meaning –traditionally conceived as an automatic process– is affected by emotional state. The influence of emotional state on syntactic processing is less clear. One study reported a mood-related P600 modulation, while another study did not observe an effect of mood on syntactic processing. The goals of this study were: First, to clarify whether and if so how mood affects syntactic processing. Second, to shed light on the underlying mechanisms by separating possible effects of mood from those of attention on syntactic processing.ERPs were recorded while participants read syntactically correct or incorrect sentences. Mood (happy vs. sad was manipulated by presenting film clips. Attention was manipulated by directing attention to syntactic features vs. physical features. The mood induction was effective. Interactions between mood, attention and syntactic correctness were obtained, showing that mood and attention modulated P600. The mood manipulation led to a reduction in P600 for sad as compared to happy mood when attention was directed at syntactic features. The attention manipulation led to a reduction in P600 when attention was directed at physical features compared to syntactic features for happy mood. From this we draw two conclusions: First, emotional state does affect syntactic processing. We propose mood-related differences in the reliance on heuristics as the underlying mechanism. Second, attention can contribute to emotion-related ERP effects in syntactic language processing. Therefore, future studies on the relation between language and emotion will have to control 2. Contributions of emotional state and attention to the processing of syntactic agreement errors: evidence from P600. Science.gov (United States) Verhees, Martine W F T; Chwilla, Dorothee J; Tromp, Johanne; Vissers, Constance T W M 2015-01-01 The classic account of language is that language processing occurs in isolation from other cognitive systems, like perception, motor action, and emotion. The central theme of this paper is the relationship between a participant's emotional state and language comprehension. Does emotional context affect how we process neutral words? Recent studies showed that processing of word meaning - traditionally conceived as an automatic process - is affected by emotional state. The influence of emotional state on syntactic processing is less clear. One study reported a mood-related P600 modulation, while another study did not observe an effect of mood on syntactic processing. The goals of this study were: First, to clarify whether and if so how mood affects syntactic processing. Second, to shed light on the underlying mechanisms by separating possible effects of mood from those of attention on syntactic processing. Event-related potentials (ERPs) were recorded while participants read syntactically correct or incorrect sentences. Mood (happy vs. sad) was manipulated by presenting film clips. Attention was manipulated by directing attention to syntactic features vs. physical features. The mood induction was effective. Interactions between mood, attention and syntactic correctness were obtained, showing that mood and attention modulated P600. The mood manipulation led to a reduction in P600 for sad as compared to happy mood when attention was directed at syntactic features. The attention manipulation led to a reduction in P600 when attention was directed at physical features compared to syntactic features for happy mood. From this we draw two conclusions: First, emotional state does affect syntactic processing. We propose mood-related differences in the reliance on heuristics as the underlying mechanism. Second, attention can contribute to emotion-related ERP effects in syntactic language processing. Therefore, future studies on the relation between language and emotion will 3. Surface States and Effective Surface Area on Photoluminescent P-Type Porous Silicon Science.gov (United States) Weisz, S. Z.; Porras, A. Ramirez; Resto, O.; Goldstein, Y.; Many, A.; Savir, E. 1997-01-01 The present study is motivated by the possibility of utilizing porous silicon for spectral sensors. Pulse measurements on the porous-Si/electrolyte system are employed to determine the surface effective area and the surface-state density at various stages of the anodization process used to produce the porous material. Such measurements were combined with studies of the photoluminescence spectra. These spectra were found to shift progressively to the blue as a function of anodization time. The luminescence intensity increases initially with anodization time, reaches a maximum and then decreases with further anodization. The surface state density, on the other hand, increases with anodization time from an initial value of about 2 x 10(exp 12)/sq cm surface to about 1013 sq cm for the anodized surface. This value is attained already after -2 min anodization and upon further anodization remains fairly constant. In parallel, the effective surface area increases by a factor of 10-30. This behavior is markedly different from the one observed previously for n-type porous Si. 4. Electronic states in ReP regular systems (Re = Ce, Pr, Nd) International Nuclear Information System (INIS) Onopko, D.E.; Sizova, G.A.; Solov'ev, V.F.; Starostin, N.V. 1989-01-01 To study the electronic structure of CeP crystal (and its two analogs) a cluster approach, realized within the framework of the scattered waves X α (MSX α ) with a local exchange operator and MT-approximation for density and potential, is used. Due to additions, introduced into the calculation program according to the MSX α , ions charges have been correlated depending on their values, obtained as a result of the MSX α procedure. The reasonable parameter values of crystal fields of the fourth and sixth orders are determined 5. A study of the ''young'' states of particles in p-, d-, and α-nuclei interactions International Nuclear Information System (INIS) Sarycheva, L.I. 1977-01-01 Experimental data on leading particle generation in p-, d- and α-nuclei interactions are compared with calculations within the framework of a simple classical model of scattering. Data show that deuterons and α-particles in inelastic interactions retain their individuality in some case, even after loosing from 10 to 30% of their energy and scattering on considerable angles. Comparison between the experimental data and the calculations made in terms of simplified model shows, that there exists a sufficiently high probability for 8.4 GeV/c deuterons and 16.8 GeV/c α-particles to undergo more than one interaction in the same nuclei 6. Control or non-control state: that is the question! An asynchronous visual P300-based BCI approach Science.gov (United States) Pinegger, Andreas; Faller, Josef; Halder, Sebastian; Wriessnegger, Selina C.; Müller-Putz, Gernot R. 2015-02-01 Objective. Brain-computer interfaces (BCI) based on event-related potentials (ERP) were proven to be a reliable synchronous communication method. For everyday life situations, however, this synchronous mode is impractical because the system will deliver a selection even if the user is not paying attention to the stimulation. So far, research into attention-aware visual ERP-BCIs (i.e., asynchronous ERP-BCIs) has led to variable success. In this study, we investigate new approaches for detection of user engagement. Approach. Classifier output and frequency-domain features of electroencephalogram signals as well as the hybridization of them were used to detect the user's state. We tested their capabilities for state detection in different control scenarios on offline data from 21 healthy volunteers. Main results. The hybridization of classifier output and frequency-domain features outperformed the results of the single methods, and allowed building an asynchronous P300-based BCI with an average correct state detection accuracy of more than 95%. Significance. Our results show that all introduced approaches for state detection in an asynchronous P300-based BCI can effectively avoid involuntary selections, and that the hybrid method is the most effective approach. 7. Electron impact excitation-autoionisation of the (2s2)1S, (2p2)1D and (2s2p)1P autoionising states of helium International Nuclear Information System (INIS) Samardzic, O.; Hurn, J.A.; Weigold, E.; Brunger, M.J. 1994-01-01 The electron impact excitation of the (2s 2 ) 1 S, (2p 2 ) 1 D and (2s2p) 1 P autoionising states of helium and their subsequent radiationless decay was studied by observation of the ejected electrons. The present work was carried out at an incident energy of 94.6 eV and for ejected electron scattering angles in the range 25-135 deg C. The lineshapes observed in the present ejected electron spectra are analysed using the Shore-Balashov parametrisation. As part of the analysis procedure, numerically rigorous confidence limits were determined for the derived parameters. No previous experimental or theoretical work has been undertaken at the incident energy of the present investigation but, where possible, the resulting parameters are qualitatively compared against the 80 eV results of other experiments and theory. 37 refs., 4 figs 8. Explaining the Cosmic-Ray e+/(e- + e+) and (bar p)/p Ratios Using a Steady-State Injection Model International Nuclear Information System (INIS) Lee, S.H.; Kamae, T.; Baldini, L.; Giordano, F.; Grondin, M.H.; Latronico, L.; Lemoine-Goumard, M.; Sgro, C.; Tanaka, T.; Uchiyama, Y. 2011-01-01 We present a model of cosmic ray (CR) injection into the Galactic space based on recent γ-ray observations of supernova remnants (SNRs) and pulsar wind nebulae (PWNe) by the Fermi Large Area Telescope (Fermi) and imaging atmospheric Cherenkov telescopes (IACTs). Steady-state injection of nuclear particles and electrons (e - ) from the Galactic ensemble of SNRs, and electrons and positrons (e + ) from the Galactic ensemble of PWNe are assumed, with their injection spectra inferred under guidance of γ-ray observations and recent development of evolution and emission models. The ensembles of SNRs and PWNe are assumed to share the same spatial distributions. Assessment of possible secondary CR contribution from dense molecular clouds interacting with SNRs is also given. CR propagation in the interstellar space is handled by GALPROP. Different underlying source distribution models and Galaxy halo sizes are employed to estimate the systematic uncertainty of the model. We show that this observation-based model reproduces the positron fraction e + /(e - + e + ) and antiproton-to-proton ratio ((bar p)/p) reported by PAMELA and other previous missions reasonably well, without calling for any speculative sources. A discrepancy remains, however, between the total e - + e + spectrum measured by Fermi and our model below ∼ 20 GeV, for which the potential causes are discussed. Important quantities for Galactic CRs including their energy injection, average lifetime in the Galaxy, and mean gas density along their typical propagation path are also estimated. 9. P3-24: Pre-Existing Brain States Predict Aesthetic Judgments Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden) Po-Jang Hsieh 2012-10-01 Full Text Available Intuition and an assumption of basic rationality would suggest that people evaluate a stimulus on the basis of its properties and their underlying utility. However, various findings suggest that evaluations often depend not only on the thing evaluated, but also on a variety of contextual factors. Here we demonstrate a further departure from normative decision making: Aesthetic evaluations of abstract fractal art by human subjects were predicted with up to 75% accuracy by their brain states before the stimuli were presented. These predictions were based on cross-validation tests of pre-stimulus patterns of BOLD fMRI signals across a distributed network of regions in the frontal lobes. This predictive power did not simply reflect motor biases in favor of pressing a particular button. Our findings suggest that endogenous neural signals that exist before trial onset can bias people's decisions when evaluating visual stimuli. 10. Hazardous waste landfill research: U. S. E. P. A. (United States Environmental Protection Agency) Program Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB) Schomaker, N.B. 1984-06-01 The hazardous waste land disposal research program is collecting data necessary to support implementation of disposal guidelines mandated by the 'Resource Conservation and Recovery Act of 1976' (RCRA) PL 94-580. This program relating to the categorical areas of landfills, surface impoundments, and underground mines encompasses state-of-the-art documents, laboratory analysis, economic assessment, bench and pilot studies, and full-scale field verification studies. Over the next five years the research will be reported as Technical Resource Documents in support of the RCRA Guidance Documents. These documents will be used to provide guidance for conducting the review and evaluation of land disposal permit applications. This paper will present an overview of this program and will report the current status of the work. 11. sup 3 sup 1 P high resolution solid state NMR studies of phosphoorganic compounds of biological interest CERN Document Server Potrzebowski, M J; Kazmierski, S 2001-01-01 In this review several applications of sup 3 sup 1 P high resolution solid state NMR spectroscopy in structural studies of bioorganic samples is recorded. The problem of pseudopolymorphism of bis[6-O,6'-O-(1,2:3,4diisopropylidene-alpha-D-galactopyranosyl) phosphothionyl] disulfide (1) and application of sup 3 sup 1 P C/MAS experiment to investigate of this phenomenon is discussed. The influence of weak C-H--S intermolecular contacts on molecular packing of 1,6-anhydro-2-O-tosyl-4-S- (5,5-dimethyl-2-thioxa-1,3,2-dioxaphosphophorinan-2-= yl)-beta-D-glucopyranose (2) and S sub P , R sub P diastereomers of deoxyxylothymidyl-3'-O-acetylthymidyl (3',5')-O-(2-cyanoethyl) phosphorothioate (3) and their implication on sup 3 sup 1 P NMR spectra is shown. The final part of review describes the recent progress in structural studies of O-phosphorylated amino acids (serine, threonine, tyrosine), relationship between molecular structure and sup 3 sup 1 P chemical shift parameters delta sub i sub i and influence of hydrogen ... 12. Development of solid state reference electrodes and pH sensors for monitoring nuclear reactor cooling water systems International Nuclear Information System (INIS) Hettiarachchi, S.; Makela, K.; Macdonald, D.D. 1991-01-01 The growing interest in the electrochemical and corrosion behavior of structural alloys in high temperature aqueous systems has stimulated research in the design and testing of reliable reference electrodes and pH sensors for use in such environments. External reference electrodes have been successfully used in the recent years in high temperature aqueous environments, although their long-term stability is questionable. On the other hand, more reliable pH sensors have been developed by various workers for high temperature applications, the major drawback being their sensitivity to dissolved hydrogen, oxygen and other redox species. This paper describes the development of both solid-state reference electrodes and yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ) pH sensors for application in high temperature aqueous systems. (author) 13. Excitations and possible bound states in the S = 1/2 alternating chain compound (VO)2P2O7 International Nuclear Information System (INIS) Tennant, D.A.; Nagler, S.E.; Sales, B.C. 1997-01-01 Magnetic excitations in an array of (VO) 2 P 2 O 7 single crystals have been measured using inelastic neutron scattering. Until now, (VO) 2 P 2 O 7 has been thought of as a two-leg antiferromagnetic Heisenberg spin ladder with chains running in the a-direction. The present results show unequivocally that (VO) 2 P 2 O 7 is best described as an alternating spin-chain directed along the crystallographic b-direction. In addition to the expected magnon with magnetic zone-center energy gap Δ = 3.1 meV, a second excitation is observed at an energy just below 2Δ. The higher mode may be a triplet two-magnon bound state. Numerical results in support of bound modes are presented 14. Measurement of the Ratio of Inclusive Cross Sections σ(p(bar p) → Z + b-jet)/σ(p(bar p) → Z + jet) in the Dilepton Final States International Nuclear Information System (INIS) Smith, Kenneth James 2010-01-01 The inclusive production of b-jets with a Z boson is an important background to searches for the Higgs boson in associated ZH → llb(bar b) production at the Fermilab Tevatron collider. This thesis describes the most precise measurement to date of the ratio of inclusive cross sections σ(p(bar p) → Z + b-jet)/σ(p(bar p) → Z + jet) when a Z boson decays into two electrons or muons. The measurement uses a data sample from p(bar p) collisions at the center of mass energy √s = 1.96 TeV corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 4.2 fb -1 collected by the D0 detector. The measured ratio σ(Z + b-jet)/σ(Z + jet) is 0.0187 ± 0.0021(stat) ± 0.0015(syst) for jets with transverse momentum p T > 20 GeV and pseudorapidity |η| (le) 2.5. The measurement is compared with the next-to-leading order theoretical predictions from MCFM and is found to be consistent within uncertainties. 15. Influences of State and Trait Affect on Behavior, Feedback-Related Negativity, and P3b in the Ultimatum Game. Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden) Korbinian Riepl Full Text Available The present study investigates how different emotions can alter social bargaining behavior. An important paradigm to study social bargaining is the Ultimatum Game. There, a proposer gets a pot of money and has to offer part of it to a responder. If the responder accepts, both players get the money as proposed by the proposer. If he rejects, none of the players gets anything. Rational choice models would predict that responders accept all offers above 0. However, evidence shows that responders typically reject a large proportion of all unfair offers. We analyzed participants' behavior when they played the Ultimatum Game as responders and simultaneously collected electroencephalogram data in order to quantify the feedback-related negativity and P3b components. We induced state affect (momentarily emotions unrelated to the task via short movie clips and measured trait affect (longer-lasting emotional dispositions via questionnaires. State happiness led to increased acceptance rates of very unfair offers. Regarding neurophysiology, we found that unfair offers elicited larger feedback-related negativity amplitudes than fair offers. Additionally, an interaction of state and trait affect occurred: high trait negative affect (subsuming a variety of aversive mood states led to increased feedback-related negativity amplitudes when participants were in an angry mood, but not if they currently experienced fear or happiness. We discuss that increased rumination might be responsible for this result, which might not occur, however, when people experience happiness or fear. Apart from that, we found that fair offers elicited larger P3b components than unfair offers, which might reflect increased pleasure in response to fair offers. Moreover, high trait negative affect was associated with decreased P3b amplitudes, potentially reflecting decreased motivation to engage in activities. We discuss implications of our results in the light of theories and research on 16. Influences of State and Trait Affect on Behavior, Feedback-Related Negativity, and P3b in the Ultimatum Game. Science.gov (United States) Riepl, Korbinian; Mussel, Patrick; Osinsky, Roman; Hewig, Johannes 2016-01-01 The present study investigates how different emotions can alter social bargaining behavior. An important paradigm to study social bargaining is the Ultimatum Game. There, a proposer gets a pot of money and has to offer part of it to a responder. If the responder accepts, both players get the money as proposed by the proposer. If he rejects, none of the players gets anything. Rational choice models would predict that responders accept all offers above 0. However, evidence shows that responders typically reject a large proportion of all unfair offers. We analyzed participants' behavior when they played the Ultimatum Game as responders and simultaneously collected electroencephalogram data in order to quantify the feedback-related negativity and P3b components. We induced state affect (momentarily emotions unrelated to the task) via short movie clips and measured trait affect (longer-lasting emotional dispositions) via questionnaires. State happiness led to increased acceptance rates of very unfair offers. Regarding neurophysiology, we found that unfair offers elicited larger feedback-related negativity amplitudes than fair offers. Additionally, an interaction of state and trait affect occurred: high trait negative affect (subsuming a variety of aversive mood states) led to increased feedback-related negativity amplitudes when participants were in an angry mood, but not if they currently experienced fear or happiness. We discuss that increased rumination might be responsible for this result, which might not occur, however, when people experience happiness or fear. Apart from that, we found that fair offers elicited larger P3b components than unfair offers, which might reflect increased pleasure in response to fair offers. Moreover, high trait negative affect was associated with decreased P3b amplitudes, potentially reflecting decreased motivation to engage in activities. We discuss implications of our results in the light of theories and research on depression and 17. Solid state synthesis, crystal growth and optical properties of urea and p-chloronitrobenzene solid solution Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB) Rai, R.N., E-mail: rn_rai@yahoo.co.in [Department of Chemistry, Centre of Advanced Study, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005 (India); Kant, Shiva; Reddi, R.S.B. [Department of Chemistry, Centre of Advanced Study, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005 (India); Ganesamoorthy, S. [Materials Science Group, Indira Gandhi Centre for Atomic Research, Kalpakkam 603102, Tamilnadu (India); Gupta, P.K. [Laser Materials Development & Devices Division, Raja Ramanna Centre for Advanced Technology, Indore 452013 (India) 2016-01-15 Urea is an attractive material for frequency conversion of high power lasers to UV (for wavelength down to 190 nm), but its usage is hindered due to its hygroscopic nature, though there is no alternative organic NLO crystal which could be transparent up to 190 nm. The hygroscopic character of urea has been modified by making the solid solution (UCNB) of urea (U) and p-chloronitrobenzene (CNB). The formation of the solid solution of CNB in U is explained on the basis of phase diagram, powder XRD, FTIR, elemental analysis and single crystal XRD studies. The solubility of U, CNB and UCNB in ethanol solution is evaluated at different temperatures. Transparent single crystals of UCNB are grown from its saturated solution in ethanol. Optical properties e.g., second harmonic generation (SHG), refractive index and the band gap for UCNB crystal were measured and their values were compared with the parent compounds. Besides modification in hygroscopic nature, UCNB has also shown the higher SHG signal and mechanical hardness in comparison to urea crystal. - Highlights: • The hygroscopic character of urea was modified by making the solid solution • Solid solution formation is support by elemental, powder- and single crystal XRD • Crystal of solid solution has higher SHG signal and mechanical stability. • Refractive index and band gap of solid solution crystal have determined. 18. Partitioning and transmutation (P and D) 1995. A review of the current state of the art International Nuclear Information System (INIS) Skaalberg, M.; Landgren, A.; Spjuth, L.; Liljenzin, J.O.; Gudowski, W. 1995-12-01 The recent development in the field of partitioning and transmutation (P/T) is reviewed and evaluated. Current national and international R and D efforts are summarized. Nuclear transmutation with energy production is feasible in nuclear reactors where fast and thermal breeders are the most efficient for transmutation purposes. The operation of subcritical nuclear reactors by high current proton accelerators that generate neutrons in a spallation target is also an interesting option for transmutation and energy production, that has to be more carefully evaluated. These accelerator-driven systems are probably the only solution for the transmutation of long-lived fission products with small neutron capture cross sections and actinide isotopes with small fission cross sections. The requirements on the separation chemistry in the partitioning process depends on the transmutation strategy chosen. Recent developments in aqueous based separation chemistry opens some interesting possibilities to meet some of the requirements, such as separation of different actinides and some fission products and reduction of secondary waste streams. In the advanced accelerator-driven transmutation systems proposed, liquid fuels such as molten salts are considered. The partitioning processes that can be used for these types of fuel will, however, require a long term research program. The possibility to use centrifuge separation is an interesting partitioning option that recently has been proposed. 51 refs, 7 figs, 3 tabs 19. Electronic-state distribution of Ar* produced from Ar+(2P3/2)/2e- collisional radiative recombination in an argon flowing afterglow International Nuclear Information System (INIS) Tsuji, Masaharu; Matsuzaki, Toshinori; Tsuji, Takeshi 2002-01-01 The Ar + /2e - collisional radiative recombination has been studied by observing UV and visible emissions of Ar* in an Ar flowing afterglow. In order to clarify recombination mechanism, the Ar + ( 2 P 3/2 ) spin-orbit component was selected by using a filter gas of the Ar + ( 2 P 1/2 ) component. Spectral analysis indicated that 34 Ar*(4p, 4d, 5p, 5d, 6s, 6p, 6d, 4p ' , 4d ' , 5p ' , 5d ' , 6s ' ) states in the 13.08-15.33 eV range are produced. The electronic-state distribution decreased with an increase in the excitation energy of Ar*, which was expressed by a Boltzmann electronic temperature of 0.54 eV. The formation ratios of the 4p: 4d + 5p + 5d + 6s + 6p + 6d: 4p ' : 4d ' + 5p ' + 5d ' + 6s ' states were 43%, 2.8%, 54%, and 0.31%, respectively. The high formation ratio of the 4p ' state having an Ar + ( 2 P 1/2 ) ion core in the Ar + ( 2 P 3/2 )/2e - recombination indicated that such a two-electron process as an electron transfer to an inner 3p orbital followed by excitation of a 3p electron to an outer 4p orbital occurs significantly. The higher formation ratios of 4d + 5p + 5d + 6s + 6p + 6d than those of 4d ' + 5p ' + 5d ' + 6s ' led us to conclude the formation of these upper states dominantly proceeds through one electron transfer to an outer nl orbital of Ar + ( 2 P 3/2 ) 20. pH-Dependent spin state population and 19F NMR chemical shift via remote ligand protonation in an iron(ii) complex. Science.gov (United States) Gaudette, Alexandra I; Thorarinsdottir, Agnes E; Harris, T David 2017-11-30 An Fe II complex that features a pH-dependent spin state population, by virtue of a variable ligand protonation state, is described. This behavior leads to a highly pH-dependent 19 F NMR chemical shift with a sensitivity of 13.9(5) ppm per pH unit at 37 °C, thereby demonstrating the potential utility of the complex as a 19 F chemical shift-based pH sensor. 1. Crystallinity and compositional changes in carbonated apatites: Evidence from 31P solid-state NMR, Raman, and AFM analysis Science.gov (United States) McElderry, John-David P.; Zhu, Peizhi; Mroue, Kamal H.; Xu, Jiadi; Pavan, Barbara; Fang, Ming; Zhao, Guisheng; McNerny, Erin; Kohn, David H.; Franceschi, Renny T.; Holl, Mark M. Banaszak; Tecklenburg, Mary M. J.; Ramamoorthy, Ayyalusamy; Morris, Michael D. 2013-10-01 Solid-state (magic-angle spinning) NMR spectroscopy is a useful tool for obtaining structural information on bone organic and mineral components and synthetic model minerals at the atomic-level. Raman and 31P NMR spectral parameters were investigated in a series of synthetic B-type carbonated apatites (CAps). Inverse 31P NMR linewidth and inverse Raman PO43-ν1 bandwidth were both correlated with powder XRD c-axis crystallinity over the 0.3-10.3 wt% CO32- range investigated. Comparison with bone powder crystallinities showed agreement with values predicted by NMR and Raman calibration curves. Carbonate content was divided into two domains by the 31P NMR chemical shift frequency and the Raman phosphate ν1 band position. These parameters remain stable except for an abrupt transition at 6.5 wt% carbonate, a composition which corresponds to an average of one carbonate per unit cell. This near-binary distribution of spectroscopic properties was also found in AFM-measured particle sizes and Ca/P molar ratios by elemental analysis. We propose that this transition differentiates between two charge-balancing ion-loss mechanisms as measured by Ca/P ratios. These results define a criterion for spectroscopic characterization of B-type carbonate substitution in apatitic minerals. 2. Study of microstress state of P91 steel using complementary mechanical Barkhausen, magnetoacoustic emission, and X-ray diffraction techniques Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB) Augustyniak, Bolesław, E-mail: bolek@mif.pg.gda.pl; Piotrowski, Leszek; Maciakowski, Paweł; Chmielewski, Marek [Faculty of Applied Physics and Mathematics, Gdansk University of Technology, 80-233 Gdansk (Poland); Lech-Grega, Marzena; Żelechowski, Janusz [The Institute of Non-Ferrous Metals, 32-050 Skawina (Poland) 2014-05-07 The paper deals with assessment of microstress state of martensite P91 steel using three complementary techniques: mechanical Barkhausen emission, magnetoacoustic emission (MAE), and X-ray diffraction (XRD) profile analysis. Magnetic coercivity Hc and microstructure were investigated with inductive magnetometry and magnetic force microscopy (MFM), respectively. Internal stress level of P91 steel was modified by heat treatment. Steel samples were austenitized, quenched, and then tempered at three temperatures (720 °C, 750 °C, and 780 °C) during increasing time (from 15 min up to 240 min). The microstrain level ε{sub i} was evaluated using Williamson–Hall method. It was revealed that during tempering microstrain systematically decreases from ε{sub i} = 2.5 × 10{sup −3} for as quenched state down to ε{sub i} = 0.3 × 10{sup −3} for well tempered samples. Both mechanical hardness (Vicker's HV) and magnetic hardness (coercivity) decrease almost linearly with decreasing microstrain while the MAE and MBE intensities strongly increase. Tempering leads to evident shift of the MeBN intensity maximum recorded for the first load towards lower applied strain values and to increase of MAE intensity. This indicates that the microstress state deduced by magnetic techniques is correlated with microstrains evaluated with XRD technique. 3. Intracellular Redox State Revealed by In Vivo 31P MRS Measurement of NAD+ and NADH Contents in Brains Science.gov (United States) Lu, Ming; Zhu, Xiao-Hong; Zhang, Yi; Chen, Wei 2015-01-01 Purpose Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD), in oxidized (NAD+) or reduced (NADH) form, plays key roles in cellular metabolism. Intracellular NAD+/NADH ratio represents the cellular redox state; however, it is difficult to measure in vivo. We report here a novel in vivo 31P MRS method for noninvasive measurement of intracellular NAD concentrations and NAD+/NADH ratio in the brain. Methods It uses a theoretical model to describe the NAD spectral patterns at a given field for quantification. Standard NAD solutions and independent cat brain measurements at 9.4 T and 16.4 T were used to evaluate this method. We also measured T1 values of brain NAD. Results Model simulation and studies of solutions and brains indicate that the proposed method can quantify submillimolar NAD concentrations with reasonable accuracy if adequate 31P MRS signal-to-noise ratio and linewidth were obtained. The NAD concentrations and NAD+/NADH ratio of cat brains measured at 16.4 T and 9.4 T were consistent despite the significantly different T1 values and NAD spectra patterns at two fields. Conclusion This newly established 31P MRS method makes it possible for the first time to noninvasively study the intracellular redox state and its roles in brain functions and diseases, and it can potentially be applied to other organs. PMID:23843330 4. Orbital character of O-2p unoccupied states near the Fermi level in CrO2 International Nuclear Information System (INIS) Stagarescu, C. B.; Su, X.; Eastman, D. E.; Altmann, K. N.; Himpsel, F. J.; Gupta, A. 2000-01-01 The orbital character, orientation, and magnetic polarization of the O-2p unoccupied states near the Fermi level (E F ) in CrO 2 was determined using polarization-dependent x-ray absorption spectroscopy and x-ray magnetic circular dichroism from high-quality, single-crystal films. A sharp peak observed just above E F is excited only by the electric-field vector (E) normal to the tetragonal c axis, characteristic of a narrow band (≅0.7 eV bandwidth) constituted from O-2p orbitals perpendicular to c (O-2p y ) hybridized with Cr 3d xz-yz t 2g states. By comparison with band-structure and configuration-interaction cluster calculations our results support a model of CrO 2 as a half-metallic ferromagnet with large exchange-splitting energy (Δ exch-split ≅3.0 eV) and substantial correlation effects. (c) 2000 The American Physical Society 5. An All-Solid-State pH Sensor Employing Fluorine-Terminated Polycrystalline Boron-Doped Diamond as a pH-Insensitive Solution-Gate Field-Effect Transistor. Science.gov (United States) Shintani, Yukihiro; Kobayashi, Mikinori; Kawarada, Hiroshi 2017-05-05 A fluorine-terminated polycrystalline boron-doped diamond surface is successfully employed as a pH-insensitive SGFET (solution-gate field-effect transistor) for an all-solid-state pH sensor. The fluorinated polycrystalline boron-doped diamond (BDD) channel possesses a pH-insensitivity of less than 3mV/pH compared with a pH-sensitive oxygenated channel. With differential FET (field-effect transistor) sensing, a sensitivity of 27 mv/pH was obtained in the pH range of 2-10; therefore, it demonstrated excellent performance for an all-solid-state pH sensor with a pH-sensitive oxygen-terminated polycrystalline BDD SGFET and a platinum quasi-reference electrode, respectively. 6. Quadrupole-octupole coupled states in 112Cd populated in the 111Cd(d ⃗,p ) reaction Science.gov (United States) Jamieson, D. S.; Garrett, P. E.; Bildstein, V.; Demand, G. A.; Finlay, P.; Green, K. L.; Leach, K. G.; Phillips, A. A.; Sumithrarachchi, C. S.; Svensson, C. E.; Triambak, S.; Ball, G. C.; Faestermann, T.; Hertenberger, R.; Wirth, H.-F. 2014-11-01 States in 112Cd have been studied with the 111Cd(d ⃗,p ) 12Cd reaction using 22 MeV polarized deuterons. The protons from the reaction were momentum analyzed with a Q3D magnetic spectrograph, and spectra have been recorded with a position-sensitive detector located on the focal plane. Angular distributions of cross sections and analyzing powers have been constructed for the low-lying negative-parity states observed, including the 3-,4-, and 5- members of the previously assigned quadrupole-octupole quintuplet. The 5- member at 2373-keV possess the second largest spectroscopic strength observed, and is reassigned as having the s1/2⊗h11/2 two-quasineutron configuration as the dominate component of its wave function. 7. Measurements of lambda and chi parameters for excitation of the 21P state of helium at 80 eV International Nuclear Information System (INIS) Slevin, J.; Porter, H.Q.; Eminyan, M.; Defrance, A.; Vassilev, G. 1980-01-01 Electron-photon angular correlations have been measured for excitation of the 2 1 P state of helium at an incident energy of 80 eV over the range 10-115 0 of electron scattering angles. analysis of the data yields values for the alignment and orientation parameters lambda and |chi| which are in excellent agreement with data of Hollywood et al (J. Phys. B.; 12: 819 (1979)) but the data for lambda are in marked disagreement with the results of Steph and Golden (preprint. Univ. of Oklahoma (1979)) at electron scattering angles thetasub(c)> 70 0 . (author) 8. Lifetime measurement of the cesium 6P3/2 state using ultrafast laser-pulse excitation and ionization International Nuclear Information System (INIS) Sell, J. F.; Patterson, B. M.; Ehrenreich, T.; Brooke, G.; Scoville, J.; Knize, R. J. 2011-01-01 We report a precision measurement of the cesium 6P 3/2 excited-state lifetime. Two collimated, counterpropagating thermal Cs beams cross perpendicularly to femtosecond pulsed laser beams. High timing accuracy is achieved from having excitation and ionization laser pulses which originate from the same mode-locked laser. Using pulse selection we vary the separation in time between excitation and ionization laser pulses while counting the ions produced. We obtain a Cs 6P 3/2 lifetime of 30.460(38) ns, which is a factor of two improvement from previous measurements and with an uncertainty of 0.12%, is one of the most accurate lifetime measurements on record. 9. Steady-state characteristics of lateral p-n junction vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers Science.gov (United States) Ryzhii, V.; Tsutsui, N.; Khmyrova, I.; Ikegami, T.; Vaccaro, P. O.; Taniyama, H.; Aida, T. 2001-09-01 We developed an analytical device model for lateral p-n junction vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers (LJVCSELs) with a quantum well active region. The model takes into account the features of the carrier injection, transport, and recombination in LJVCSELs as well as the features of the photon propagation in the cavity. This model is used for the calculation and analysis of the LJVCSEL steady-state characteristics. It is shown that the localization of the injected electrons primarily near the p-n junction and the reabsorption of lateral propagating photons significantly effects the LJVCSELs performance, in particular, the LJVCSEL threshold current and power-current characteristics. The reincarnation of electrons and holes due to the reabsorption of lateral propagating photons can substantially decrease the threshold current. 10. Enhanced Electrical Conductivity of Molecularly p-Doped Poly(3-hexylthiophene) through Understanding the Correlation with Solid-State Order KAUST Repository Hynynen, Jonna; Kiefer, David; Yu, Liyang; Kroon, Renee; Munir, Rahim; Amassian, Aram; Kemerink, Martijn; Mü ller, Christian 2017-01-01 Molecular p-doping of the conjugated polymer poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT) with 2,3,5,6-tetrafluoro-7,7,8,8-tetracyanoquinodimethane (F4TCNQ) is a widely studied model system. Underlying structure–property relationships are poorly understood because processing and doping are often carried out simultaneously. Here, we exploit doping from the vapor phase, which allows us to disentangle the influence of processing and doping. Through this approach, we are able to establish how the electrical conductivity varies with regard to a series of predefined structural parameters. We demonstrate that improving the degree of solid-state order, which we control through the choice of processing solvent and regioregularity, strongly increases the electrical conductivity. As a result, we achieve a value of up to 12.7 S cm–1 for P3HT:F4TCNQ. We determine the F4TCNQ anion concentration and find that the number of (bound + mobile) charge carriers of about 10–4 mol cm–3 is not influenced by the degree of solid-state order. Thus, the observed increase in electrical conductivity by almost 2 orders of magnitude can be attributed to an increase in charge-carrier mobility to more than 10–1 cm2 V–1 s–1. Surprisingly, in contrast to charge transport in undoped P3HT, we find that the molecular weight of the polymer does not strongly influence the electrical conductivity, which highlights the need for studies that elucidate structure–property relationships of strongly doped conjugated polymers. 11. Enhanced Electrical Conductivity of Molecularly p-Doped Poly(3-hexylthiophene) through Understanding the Correlation with Solid-State Order KAUST Repository Hynynen, Jonna 2017-10-11 Molecular p-doping of the conjugated polymer poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT) with 2,3,5,6-tetrafluoro-7,7,8,8-tetracyanoquinodimethane (F4TCNQ) is a widely studied model system. Underlying structure–property relationships are poorly understood because processing and doping are often carried out simultaneously. Here, we exploit doping from the vapor phase, which allows us to disentangle the influence of processing and doping. Through this approach, we are able to establish how the electrical conductivity varies with regard to a series of predefined structural parameters. We demonstrate that improving the degree of solid-state order, which we control through the choice of processing solvent and regioregularity, strongly increases the electrical conductivity. As a result, we achieve a value of up to 12.7 S cm–1 for P3HT:F4TCNQ. We determine the F4TCNQ anion concentration and find that the number of (bound + mobile) charge carriers of about 10–4 mol cm–3 is not influenced by the degree of solid-state order. Thus, the observed increase in electrical conductivity by almost 2 orders of magnitude can be attributed to an increase in charge-carrier mobility to more than 10–1 cm2 V–1 s–1. Surprisingly, in contrast to charge transport in undoped P3HT, we find that the molecular weight of the polymer does not strongly influence the electrical conductivity, which highlights the need for studies that elucidate structure–property relationships of strongly doped conjugated polymers. 12. Disruption of the hydrogen bonding network determines the pH-induced non-fluorescent state of the fluorescent protein ZsYellow by protonation of Glu221. Science.gov (United States) Bae, Ji-Eun; Kim, In Jung; Nam, Ki Hyun 2017-11-04 Many fluorescent proteins (FPs) exhibit fluorescence quenching at a low pH. This pH-induced non-fluorescent state of an FP serves as a useful indicator of the cellular pH. ZsYellow is widely used as an optical marker in molecular biology, but its pH-induced non-fluorescent state has not been characterized. Here, we report the pH-dependent spectral properties of ZsYellow, which exhibited the pH-induced non-fluorescence state at a pH below 4.0. We determined the crystal structures of ZsYellow at pH 3.5 (non-fluorescence state) and 8.0 (fluorescence state), which revealed the cis-configuration of the chromophore without pH-induced isomerization. In the non-fluorescence state, Arg95, which is involved in stabilization of the exited state of the chromophore, was found to more loosely interact with the carbonyl oxygen atom of the chromophore when compared to the interaction at pH 8.0. In the fluorescence state, Glu221, which is involved in the hydrogen bonding network around the chromophore, stably interacted with Gln42 and His202. By contrast, in the non-fluorescence state, the protonated conserved Glu221 residue exhibited a large conformational change and was separated from His202 by 5.46 Å, resulting in breakdown of the hydrogen bond network. Our results provide insight into the critical role of the conserved Glu221 residue for generating the pH-induced non-fluorescent state. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 13. Calculations of resonances parameters for the ((2s2) 1Se, (2s2p) 1,3P0) and ((3s2) 1Se, (3s3p) 1,3P0) doubly excited states of helium-like ions with Z≤10 using a complex rotation method implemented in Scilab Science.gov (United States) Gning, Youssou; Sow, Malick; Traoré, Alassane; Dieng, Matabara; Diakhate, Babacar; Biaye, Mamadi; Wagué, Ahmadou 2015-01-01 In the present work a special computational program Scilab (Scientific Laboratory) in the complex rotation method has been used to calculate resonance parameters of ((2s2) 1Se, (2s2p) 1,3P0) and ((3s2) 1Se, (3s3p) 1,3P0) states of helium-like ions with Z≤10. The purpose of this study required a mathematical development of the Hamiltonian applied to Hylleraas wave function for intrashell states, leading to analytical expressions which are carried out under Scilab computational program. Results are in compliance with recent theoretical calculations. 14. Improved chemical stability and cyclability in Li2S–P2S5–P2O5–ZnO composite electrolytes for all-solid-state rechargeable lithium batteries International Nuclear Information System (INIS) Hayashi, Akitoshi; Muramatsu, Hiromasa; Ohtomo, Takamasa; Hama, Sigenori; Tatsumisago, Masahiro 2014-01-01 Highlights: • Chemical stability in air of Li 2 S–P 2 S 5 –P 2 O 5 –ZnO composite electrolytes was examined. • A partial substitution of P 2 O 5 for P 2 S 5 decreased the rate of H 2 S generation. • The addition of ZnO to the glasses reduced the amount of H 2 S. • All-solid-state lithium cells using the developed composite electrolytes exhibited good cyclability. -- Abstract: Sulfide glasses with high Li + ion conductivity are promising solid electrolytes for all-solid-state rechargeable lithium batteries. This study specifically examined the chemical stability of Li 2 S–P 2 S 5 -based glass electrolytes in air. Partial substitution of P 2 O 5 for P 2 S 5 decreased the rate of H 2 S generation from glass exposed to air. The addition of ZnO to the Li 2 S–P 2 S 5 –P 2 O 5 glasses as a H 2 S absorbent reduced the H 2 S gas release. A composite electrolyte prepared from 90 mol% of 75Li 2 S⋅21P 2 S 5 ⋅4P 2 O 5 (mol%) glass and 10 mol% ZnO was applied to all-solid-state cells. The all-solid-state In/LiCoO 2 cell with the composite electrolyte showed good cyclability as a lithium secondary battery 15. Charge exchange (p,n) reactions to the isobaric analog states of high Z nuclei: 73< or =Z< or =92 International Nuclear Information System (INIS) Hansen, L.F.; Grimes, S.M.; Poppe, C.H.; Wong, C. 1983-01-01 Differential cross sections have been measured for the (p,n) reaction to the isobaric analog states of 181 Ta, 197 Au, 209 Bi, 232 Th, and 238 U at an incident energy of 27 MeV. Because of the importance of collective effects in this mass region, coupled-channel calculations have been carried out in the analysis of the data. Optical potentials obtained from the Lane model for the charge exchange reaction have been used in the simultaneous analysis of coupled proton and neutron channels. The sensitivity of the calculations to the different couplings between the levels and to the magnitude of the isovector potentials, V 1 and W 1 , is discussed. The good agreement obtained between the measured and calculated (p,n) angular distributions to the analog state confirms the validity of the Lane formalism for high-Z nuclei (Z> or =50). Elastic neutron differential cross sections inferred from the coupled-channel analysis are compared with measurements available in the literature in the energy range 7--8 MeV. The results of these calculations agree with the measured values as well as the results of calculations made using global neutron optical potential parameters optimized to fit neutron data 16. E and P ventures in the Eastern-Central Europe transformation states after 1989 - a review of expectations and results Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB) Dobrova, H.; Kolly, E. [IHS Energy, Geneva (Switzerland); Schmitz, U. [LO and G Consultants, Essen (Germany) 2003-12-01 Following the breakup of the communist era, Eastern-Central Europe's transformation states had initiated E and P licensing processes, inviting non-state, western oil companies to apply for license rights. Offers ranged from reconnaissance to EOR license rights. Oil companies and government authorities expected the new era to yield success, for a variety of reasons. The opportunities offered attracted in particular and increasingly independent and niche-player companies. E and P activities were particularly successful, in terms of having discovered economically viable oil and gas reserves and having achieved incremental production, in Poland, Lithuania, Hungary, the Czech Republic and Romania. Newcomers were involved in the latter four countries. Field reserve sizes, both for oil and gas, are moderate to small; such fields are also expected to contribute mainly to future reserve replacement of the region. The involvement of small-size companies, which have found the means to also make smaller fields economically viable, will support this. (orig.) 17. Simultaneous detection of P300 and steady-state visually evoked potentials for hybrid brain-computer interface. Science.gov (United States) Combaz, Adrien; Van Hulle, Marc M 2015-01-01 We study the feasibility of a hybrid Brain-Computer Interface (BCI) combining simultaneous visual oddball and Steady-State Visually Evoked Potential (SSVEP) paradigms, where both types of stimuli are superimposed on a computer screen. Potentially, such a combination could result in a system being able to operate faster than a purely P300-based BCI and encode more targets than a purely SSVEP-based BCI. We analyse the interactions between the brain responses of the two paradigms, and assess the possibility to detect simultaneously the brain activity evoked by both paradigms, in a series of 3 experiments where EEG data are analysed offline. Despite differences in the shape of the P300 response between pure oddball and hybrid condition, we observe that the classification accuracy of this P300 response is not affected by the SSVEP stimulation. We do not observe either any effect of the oddball stimulation on the power of the SSVEP response in the frequency of stimulation. Finally results from the last experiment show the possibility of detecting both types of brain responses simultaneously and suggest not only the feasibility of such hybrid BCI but also a gain over pure oddball- and pure SSVEP-based BCIs in terms of communication rate. 18. An experiment of formation of charmoni states in annihilation P-Pbarra. Un esperimento di formazione di stati del charmonio in annichilazione P-Pbarra Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB) Pallavicini, Marco [Univ. of Genova (Italy) 1995-01-01 Oggetto di questa tesi e la misura di alcune caratteristiche fisiche (massa, larghezza, e larghezza parziale in p -\\bar{p}) degli stati 3P1 e 3P2 del charmonio, -ovvero del sistema legato di un quark "charm" e del suo antiquark-, nell'amito dell'esperimento E-760, installato nell'accumulatore di antiprotoni del Fermilab. 19. Search for 1/sup +/ states in /sup 208/Pb by /sup 208/Pb(p, p') and the /sup 209/Bi(d, /sup 3/He) reactions Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB) Ikegami, H.; Yamazaki, T.; Morinobu, S.; Katayama, I.; Fujiwara, M. [Osaka Univ., Suita (Japan). Research Center for Nuclear Physics; Ikegami, Hidetsugu; Muraoka, Mitsuo [eds.; Osaka Univ., Suita (Japan). Research Center for Nuclear Physics 1980-01-01 Proton inelastic scattering experiment on Pb-208 was carried out by using 65 MeV protons from a 230 cm AVF cyclotron, to study the 1/sup +/ states in Pb-208. The momentum of outgoing protons was analyzed by the magnetic spectrograph RAIDEN. The 7.06 MeV state was very weakly excited. In order to identify 1/sup +/ states from the angular distributions of the inelastic scattering, the proton spectra scattered from the well known 1/sup +/ state in Pb-206 were measured. because of masking by a strong neighbouring peak, the differential cross section of the 1/sup +/ state was measured only at two points. The comparison between the experiment and distorted wave calculation for the 1/sup +/ state (1.703 MeV) in Pb-206 was made, and the results implied that the 1/sup +/ states in Pb-208 would also be weakly excited even if these states are good particle-hole states, Next, Bi-209 (d, He-3) reaction experiment was performed. The comparison between the preliminary results and the calculated results based on the shell model is shown in a figure. The overall agreement between the experimental and theoretical results seems to be good. However, the existence of the 1/sup +/ state has not been confirmed, and will be confirmed in the next step to be done. 20. The influence of p-doping on two-state lasing in InAs/InGaAs quantum dot lasers Science.gov (United States) Maximov, M. V.; Shernyakov, Yu M.; Zubov, F. I.; Zhukov, A. E.; Gordeev, N. Yu; Korenev, V. V.; Savelyev, A. V.; Livshits, D. A. 2013-10-01 Two-state lasing in devices based on undoped and p-type modulation-doped InAs/InGaAs quantum dots is studied for various cavity lengths and temperatures. Modulation doping of the active region strongly enhances the threshold current of two-state lasing, preserves ground-state lasing up to higher temperatures and increases ground-state output power. The impact of modulation doping is especially strong in short cavities. 1. The influence of p-doping on two-state lasing in InAs/InGaAs quantum dot lasers International Nuclear Information System (INIS) Maximov, M V; Shernyakov, Yu M; Zhukov, A E; Gordeev, N Yu; Zubov, F I; Korenev, V V; Savelyev, A V; Livshits, D A 2013-01-01 Two-state lasing in devices based on undoped and p-type modulation-doped InAs/InGaAs quantum dots is studied for various cavity lengths and temperatures. Modulation doping of the active region strongly enhances the threshold current of two-state lasing, preserves ground-state lasing up to higher temperatures and increases ground-state output power. The impact of modulation doping is especially strong in short cavities. (paper) 2. Long sustainment of quasi-steady-state high βp H mode discharges in JT-60U International Nuclear Information System (INIS) Isayama, A.; Kamada, Y.; Ozeki, T.; Ide, S.; Fujita, T.; Oikawa, T.; Suzuki, T.; Neyatani, Y.; Isei, N.; Hamamatsu, K.; Ikeda, Y.; Takahashi, K.; Kajiwara, K. 2001-01-01 Quasi-steady-state high β p H mode discharges performed by suppressing neoclassical tearing modes (NTMs) are described. Two operational scenarios have been developed for long sustainment of the high β p H mode discharge: NTM suppression by profile optimization, and NTM stabilization by local electron cyclotron current drive (ECCD)/electron cyclotron heating (ECH) at the magnetic island. Through optimization of pressure and safety factor profiles, a high β p H mode plasma with H 89PL = 2.8, HH y,2 = 1.4, β p ∼ 2.0 and β N ∼ 2.5 has been sustained for 1.3 s at small values of collisionality ν e* and ion Larmor radius ρ i* without destabilizing the NTMs. Characteristics of the NTMs destabilized in the region with central safety factor above unity are investigated. The relation between the beta value at the mode onset β N on and that at the mode disappearance β N off can be described as β N off /β N on =0.05-0.4, which shows the existence of hysteresis. The value of β N /ρ i* at the onset of an m/n = 3/2 NTM has a collisionality dependence, which is empirically given by β N /ρ i* ∝ ν e* 0.36 . However, the profile effects such as the relative shapes of pressure and safety factor profiles are equally important. The onset condition seems to be affected by the strength of the pressure gradient at the mode rational surface. Stabilization of the NTM by local ECCD/ECH at the magnetic island has been attempted. A 3/2 NTM has been completely stabilized by EC wave injection of 1.6 MW. (author) 3. Spectroscopic constants and the potential energy curve of the iodine weakly bound 0+g state correlating with the I(2P1/2) + I(2P1/2) dissociation limit International Nuclear Information System (INIS) Akopyan, M E; Baturo, V V; Lukashov, S S; Poretsky, S A; Pravilov, A M 2013-01-01 The stepwise three-step three-colour aser excitation scheme and rotational as well as rovibrational energy transfer processes in the 0 + g state induced by collisions with He and Ar atoms are used for determination of rovibronic level energies of the weakly bound 0 + g state correlating with the I( 2 P 1/2 ) + I( 2 P 1/2 ) dissociation limit. Dunham coefficients of the state, Y i0 (i = 0–3), Y i1 (i = 0–3) and Y 02 for the v 0 g + = 0–16 and J 0 g + ≈ 14–135 ranges as well as the dissociation energy of the state, D e , and equilibrium I–I distance of the state, R e , are determined. The potential energy curve of the state constructed using these constants is also reported. (paper) 4. Leading relativistic corrections for atomic P states calculated with a finite-nuclear-mass approach and all-electron explicitly correlated Gaussian functions Science.gov (United States) Stanke, Monika; Bralin, Amir; Bubin, Sergiy; Adamowicz, Ludwik 2018-01-01 In this work we report progress in the development and implementation of quantum-mechanical methods for calculating bound ground and excited states of small atomic systems. The work concerns singlet states with the L =1 total orbital angular momentum (P states). The method is based on the finite-nuclear-mass (non-Born-Oppenheimer; non-BO) approach and the use of all-particle explicitly correlated Gaussian functions for expanding the nonrelativistic wave function of the system. The development presented here includes derivation and implementation of algorithms for calculating the leading relativistic corrections for singlet states. The corrections are determined in the framework of the perturbation theory as expectation values of the corresponding effective operators using the non-BO wave functions. The method is tested in the calculations of the ten lowest 1P states of the helium atom and the four lowest 1P states of the beryllium atom. 5. Crystal structure of a Na+-bound Na+,K+-ATPase preceding the E1P state. Science.gov (United States) Kanai, Ryuta; Ogawa, Haruo; Vilsen, Bente; Cornelius, Flemming; Toyoshima, Chikashi 2013-10-10 Na(+),K(+)-ATPase pumps three Na(+) ions out of cells in exchange for two K(+) taken up from the extracellular medium per ATP molecule hydrolysed, thereby establishing Na(+) and K(+) gradients across the membrane in all animal cells. These ion gradients are used in many fundamental processes, notably excitation of nerve cells. Here we describe 2.8 Å-resolution crystal structures of this ATPase from pig kidney with bound Na(+), ADP and aluminium fluoride, a stable phosphate analogue, with and without oligomycin that promotes Na(+) occlusion. These crystal structures represent a transition state preceding the phosphorylated intermediate (E1P) in which three Na(+) ions are occluded. Details of the Na(+)-binding sites show how this ATPase functions as a Na(+)-specific pump, rejecting K(+) and Ca(2+), even though its affinity for Na(+) is low (millimolar dissociation constant). A mechanism for sequential, cooperative Na(+) binding can now be formulated in atomic detail. 6. Opto-electronic scanning of colour pictures with P/sup 2/CCC-all solid state line sensors Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB) Damann, H; Rabe, G; Zinke, M; Herrmann, M; Imjela, R; Laasch, I; Mueller, J; Neumann, K; Tauchen, G; Woelber, J 1982-04-01 A new one-chip all solid state line sensor (P/sup 2/CCD-Tricoli) has been realized as a basis for the opto-electronic scanning of colour pictures. The three photosensitive lines for the colour components red, green and blue contain each 652 photo elements. They are arranged in parallel on one silicon crystal, with distances of some 100 ..mu..m. The line sensor is supplied with an extra designed driving circuitry and a signal processing. For colour splitting a colour separating digital phase grating has been developed which generates the three colour components in its three central diffraction orders. Using all the development components ('Tricoli'-line-sensor, electronic circuitry, colour separation grating) a model of a slide scanner has been built up, which succesfully demonstrates the feasibility of the proposed colour scanning system. 7. Off state breakdown behavior of AlGaAs / InGaAs field plate pHEMTs International Nuclear Information System (INIS) Palma, John; Mil'shtein, Samson 2014-01-01 Off-state breakdown voltage, V br , is an important parameter determining the maximum power output of microwave Field Effect Transistors (FETs). In recent years, the use of field plates has been widely adopted to significantly increase V br . This important technological development has extended FET technologies into new areas requiring these higher voltages and power levels. Keeping with this goal, field plates were added to an existing AlGaAs / InGaAs pseudomorphic High Electron Mobility Transistor (pHEMT) process with the aim of determining the off-state breakdown mechanism and the dependency of V br on the field plate design. To find the mechanism responsible for breakdown, temperature dependent off-state breakdown measurements were conducted. It was found that at low current levels, the temperature dependence indicates thermionic field emission at the Schottky gate and at higher current levels, impact ionization is indicated. The combined results imply that impact ionization is ultimately the mechanism that is responsible for the breakdown in the tested transistors, but that it is preceded by thermionic field emission from the gate. To test the dependence of V br upon the field plate design, the field plate length and the etch depth through the highly-doped cap layer under the field plate were varied. Also, non-field plate devices were tested along side field plate transistors. It was found that the length of the etched region under the field plate is the dominant factor in determining the off-state breakdown of the more deeply etched devices. For less deeply etched devices, the length of the field plate is more influential. The influence of surface states between the highly doped cap layer and the passivation layer along the recess are believed to have a significant influence in the case of the more deeply etched examples. It is believed that these traps spread the electric field, thus raising the breakdown voltage. Three terminal breakdown voltages 8. Calculations of resonances parameters for the ((2s2) 1Se, (2s2p) 1,3P0) and ((3s2) 1Se, (3s3p) 1,3P0) doubly excited states of helium-like ions with Z≤10 using a complex rotation method implemented in Scilab International Nuclear Information System (INIS) Gning, Youssou; Sow, Malick; Traoré, Alassane; Dieng, Matabara; Diakhate, Babacar; Biaye, Mamadi; Wagué, Ahmadou 2015-01-01 In the present work a special computational program Scilab (Scientific Laboratory) in the complex rotation method has been used to calculate resonance parameters of ((2s 2 ) 1 S e , (2s2p) 1,3 P 0 ) and ((3s 2 ) 1 S e , (3s3p) 1,3 P 0 ) states of helium-like ions with Z≤10. The purpose of this study required a mathematical development of the Hamiltonian applied to Hylleraas wave function for intrashell states, leading to analytical expressions which are carried out under Scilab computational program. Results are in compliance with recent theoretical calculations. - Highlights: • Resonance energy and widths computed for doubly excited states of helium-like ions. • Well-comparable results to the theoretical literature values up to Z=10. • Satisfactory agreements with theoretical calculations for widths 9. Radio frequency measurements of tunnel couplings and singlet–triplet spin states in Si:P quantum dots Science.gov (United States) House, M. G.; Kobayashi, T.; Weber, B.; Hile, S. J.; Watson, T. F.; van der Heijden, J.; Rogge, S.; Simmons, M. Y. 2015-01-01 Spin states of the electrons and nuclei of phosphorus donors in silicon are strong candidates for quantum information processing applications given their excellent coherence times. Designing a scalable donor-based quantum computer will require both knowledge of the relationship between device geometry and electron tunnel couplings, and a spin readout strategy that uses minimal physical space in the device. Here we use radio frequency reflectometry to measure singlet–triplet states of a few-donor Si:P double quantum dot and demonstrate that the exchange energy can be tuned by at least two orders of magnitude, from 20 μeV to 8 meV. We measure dot–lead tunnel rates by analysis of the reflected signal and show that they change from 100 MHz to 22 GHz as the number of electrons on a quantum dot is increased from 1 to 4. These techniques present an approach for characterizing, operating and engineering scalable qubit devices based on donors in silicon. PMID:26548556 10. Oxidation of tertiary amines by cytochrome p450-kinetic isotope effect as a spin-state reactivity probe. Science.gov (United States) Li, Chunsen; Wu, Wei; Cho, Kyung-Bin; Shaik, Sason 2009-08-24 Two types of tertiary amine oxidation processes, namely, N-dealkylation and N-oxygenation, by compound I (Cpd I) of cytochrome P450 are studied theoretically using hybrid DFT calculations. All the calculations show that both N-dealkylation and N-oxygenation of trimethylamine (TMA) proceed preferentially from the low-spin (LS) state of Cpd I. Indeed, the computed kinetic isotope effects (KIEs) for the rate-controlling hydrogen abstraction step of dealkylation show that only the KIE(LS) fits the experimental datum, whereas the corresponding value for the high-spin (HS) process is much higher. These results second those published before for N,N-dimethylaniline (DMA), and as such, they further confirm the conclusion drawn then that KIEs can be a sensitive probe of spin state reactivity. The ferric-carbinolamine of TMA decomposes most likely in a non-enzymatic reaction since the Fe-O bond dissociation energy (BDE) is negative. The computational results reveal that in the reverse reaction of N-oxygenation, the N-oxide of aromatic amine can serve as a better oxygen donor than that of aliphatic amine to generate Cpd I. This capability of the N-oxo derivatives of aromatic amines to transfer oxygen to the heme, and thereby generate Cpd I, is in good accord with experimental data previously reported. 11. Occurrence of Pantophthalmus kerteszianus and P. chuni (Diptera: Pantophthalmidae on parica in Para State, Brazil Ocorrência de Pantophthalmus kerteszianus e P. chuni (Diptera: Pantophthalmidae em paricá, no Estado do Pará Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden) Alexandre Mehl Lunz 2010-06-01 Full Text Available <p>This is the first register of Pantophthalmus kerteszianus Enderlein e P. chuni Enderlein (Diptera: Pantophthalmidae attacking parica trees [Schizolobium parahyba (Vell. S. F. Blake var. amazonicum (Huber ex Ducke Barneby] in Paragominas, Para State, Brazil. Whereas Para State has the largest area with parica plantation in Brazil, there is a risk of these insects become important pests of this crop.p> <p>doi: 10.4336/2010.pfb.30.61.71p>>As ocorrências de Pantophthalmus kerteszianus Enderlein e P. chuni Enderlein são registradas pela primeira vez em reflorestamentos com paricá [Schizolobium parahyba (Vell. S. F. Blake var. amazonicum (Huber ex Ducke Barneby] no Estado do Pará, Município de Paragominas. Considerando que o Pará possui a maior área plantada de paricá no Brasil, existe o risco de esses insetos tornarem-se pragas importantes dessa cultura.p> >doi: 10.4336/2010.pfb.30.61.71p> 12. Brain oxidative metabolism of the newborn dog: correlation between 31P NMR spectroscopy and pyridine nucleotide redox state. Science.gov (United States) Mayevsky, A; Nioka, S; Subramanian, V H; Chance, B 1988-04-01 The effects of both anoxia and short- and long-term hypoxia on brain oxidative metabolism were studied in newborn dogs. Oxidative metabolism was evaluated by two independent measures: in vivo continuous monitoring of mitochondrial NADH redox state and energy stores as calculated from the phosphocreatine (PCr)/Pi levels measured by 31P nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. The hemodynamic response to low oxygen supply was further evaluated by measuring the changes in the reflected light intensity at 366 nm (the excitation wavelength for NADH). The animal underwent surgery and was prepared for monitoring of the two signals (NADH and PCr/Pi). It was then placed inside a Phosphoenergetics 260-80 NMR spectrometer magnet with a 31-cm bore. Each animal (1-21 days old) was exposed to short-term anoxia or hypoxia as well as to long-term hypoxia (1-2 h). The results can be summarized as follow: (a) In the normoxic brain, the ratio between PCr and Pi was greater than 1 (1.2-1.4), while under hypoxia or asphyxia a significant decrease that was correlated to the FiO2 levels was recorded. (b) A clear correlation was found between the decrease in PCr/Pi values and the increased NADH redox state developed under decreased O2 supply to the brain. (c) Exposing the animal to moderately long-term hypoxia led to a stabilized low-energy state of the brain with a good recovery after rebreathing normal air. (d) Under long-term and severe hypoxia, the microcirculatory autoregulatory mechanism was damaged and massive vasoconstriction was optically recorded simultaneously with a significant decrease in PCr/Pi values.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) 13. Branching ratio and angular distribution of ejected electrons from Eu 4f76p1/2 n d auto-ionizing states International Nuclear Information System (INIS) Wu Xiao-Rui; Shen Li; Zhang Kai; Dai Chang-Jian; Yang Yu-Na 2016-01-01 The branching ratios of ions and the angular distributions of electrons ejected from the Eu 4f 7 6p 1/2 n d auto-ionizing states are investigated with the velocity-map-imaging technique. To populate the above auto-ionizing states, the relevant bound Rydberg states have to be detected first. Two new bound Rydberg states are identified in the region between 41150 cm −1 and 44580 cm −1 , from which auto-ionization spectra of the Eu 4f 7 6p 1/2 n d states are observed with isolated core excitation method. With all preparations above, the branching ratios from the above auto-ionizing states to different final ionic states and the angular distributions of electrons ejected from these processes are measured systematically. Energy dependence of branching ratios and anisotropy parameters within the auto-ionization spectra are carefully analyzed, followed by a qualitative interpretation. (paper) 14. Bound states of 27Al studied at selected 26Mg(p,γ)27Al resonances, ch. 1 International Nuclear Information System (INIS) Maas, J.W.; Holvast, A.J.C.D.; Baghus, A.; Endt, P.M. 1976-01-01 Measurements of the γ-ray decay and angular distributions at eight low-energy (Esub(P) 26 Mg (p,γ) 27 Al resonances lead to the spin and parity assignments Jsup(π) = 3/2 + , 1/2 - , 3/2 - , 5/2 + , 5/2, 3/2 - , 9/2 - and 7/2 for the bound states at Esub(x) = 3.96, 4.05, 5.15, 5.25, 5.44, 6.16, 6.99, 7.23 and 7.47 MeV, respectively. For other levels, spin and parity limitations are set. Also reported are precise excitation energies, branching and mixing ratios and lifetime limits. For the resonances, additional information is given on energies, strengths and widths. The reaction Q-value is Q = 8267.2 +- 0.7 keV. The level scheme of 27 Al, complemented with these new data, is compared with the results from recent shell-model calculations 15. Effect of temperature and pH on the lipid photoperoxidation and the structural state of erythrocyte membranes International Nuclear Information System (INIS) Roshchupkin, D.I.; Pelenitsyn, A.B.; Vladimirov, Yu.A. 1978-01-01 The degree of lipid photoperoxidation in erythrocytes (the amount of TBA-active products accumulated under the given dose of ultraviolet irradiation at 254 nm) increased abruptly with temperature in the interval 12 - 20 0 C, then it increased more slowly and later on passed over the maximum at about 30 - 32 0 C. Apparently, the degree of lipid photoperoxidation can serve as a sensitive index of lipid structural state. Using a method of modelling of erythrocyte membranes by liposomes of different chemical content, it was shown that under temperature changes in physiological limits the lipids of erythrocyte membranes undergo at least two structural transformations. The first might be a change in the relative position of cholesterol and phospholipids. The second is followed by the enhancement of membrane antioxidant activity. The degree of lipid photoperoxidation in erythrocytes grows with increasing pH from 6 to 8 according to S-shaped curve with middle point at pH 7.0. This effect can be attributed to structural transformation of membrane lipid zone associated with ionization of membrane protein hystidine. The swelling of erythrocytes in hypotonic medium also leads to structural transformation of lipid zone. (author) 16. Single to Two Cluster State Transition of Primary Motor Cortex 4-posterior (MI-4p Activities in Humans Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden) Kazunori Nakada 2015-11-01 Full Text Available The human primary motor cortex has dual representation of the digits, namely, area 4 anterior (MI-4a and area 4 posterior (MI-4p. We have previously demonstrated that activation of these two functional subunits can be identified independently by functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI using independent component-cross correlation-sequential epoch (ICS analysis. Subsequent studies in patients with hemiparesis due to subcortical lesions and monoparesis due to peripheral nerve injury demonstrated that MI-4p represents the initiation area of activation, whereas MI-4a is the secondarily activated motor cortex requiring a “long-loop” feedback input from secondary motor systems, likely the cerebellum. A dynamic model of hand motion based on the limit cycle oscillator predicts that the specific pattern of entrainment of neural firing may occur by applying appropriate periodic stimuli. Under normal conditions, such entrainment introduces a single phase-cluster. Under pathological conditions where entrainment stimuli have insufficient strength, the phase cluster splits into two clusters. Observable physiological phenomena of this shift from single cluster to two clusters are: doubling of firing rate of output neurons; or decay in group firing density of the system due to dampening of odd harmonics components. While the former is not testable in humans, the latter can be tested by appropriately designed fMRI experiments, the quantitative index of which is believed to reflect group behavior of neurons functionally localized, e.g., firing density in the dynamic theory. Accordingly, we performed dynamic analysis of MI-4p activation in normal volunteers and paretic patients. The results clearly indicated that MI-4p exhibits a transition from a single to a two phase-cluster state which coincided with loss of MI-4a activation. The study demonstrated that motor dysfunction (hemiparesis in patients with a subcortical infarct is not simply due to afferent 17. Morphological dimorphism in the Y chromosome of "pé-duro" cattle in the Brazilian State of Piauí Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden) Carmen M.C. Britto 1999-09-01 Full Text Available "Pé-duro" (hard foot is a rare breed of beef cattle of European (Bos taurus taurus origin, originated in northern and northeastern Brazil. Y chromosome morphology, outer genital elements and other phenotypic characteristics were examined in 75 "pé-duro" bulls from the Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária (Embrapa herd in the Brazilian State of Piauí. The purpose was to investigate possible racial contamination with Zebu animals (Bos taurus indicus in a cattle that has been considered closest to its European origin (B. t. taurus. The presence of both submetacentric and acrocentric Y chromosomes, typical of B. t. taurus and B. t. indicus, respectively, and the larger preputial sheath in bulls with an acrocentric Y chromosome indicated racial contamination of the "pé-duro" herd with Zebu cattle. Phenotypic parameters involving horn, dewlap, ear, chamfer, and coat color characteristics, indicative of apparent racial contamination, were not associated with acrocentric Y chromosome.Um plantel de touros "pé-duro", consistindo de 75 animais do núcleo da Embrapa envolvido com a preservação desse gado no Estado do Piauí, foi examinado quanto à morfologia do seu cromossomo Y, bem como em relação a elementos da genitália externa e outras características fenotípicas dos machos. O objetivo era investigar a contaminação racial por animais zebuínos (Bos taurus indicus num gado bovino que tem sido considerado mais próximo de sua origem européia (Bos taurus taurus. Tanto a forma submetacêntrica quanto a forma acrocêntrica do cromossomo Y, típicas das sub-espécies B. t. taurus e B. t. indicus, respectivamente, bem como maior bainha prepucial nos espécimes portadores do cromossomo Y acrocêntrico, indicativa de contaminação racial por gado zebuíno, foram detectadas no rebanho "pé-duro" mantido no núcleo da Embrapa. Outras características fenotípicas analisadas que podem informar sobre a contaminação racial aparente n 18. Femtosecond induced transparency and absorption in the extreme ultraviolet by coherent coupling of the He 2s2p (1Po) and 2p2 (1Se) double excitation states with 800 nm light International Nuclear Information System (INIS) Loh, Z.-H.; Greene, C.H.; Leone, S.R. 2007-01-01 Femtosecond high-order harmonic transient absorption spectroscopy is used to observe electromagnetically induced transparency-like behavior as well as induced absorption in the extreme ultraviolet by laser dressing of the He 2s2p ( 1 P 0 ) and 2p 2 ( 1 S e ) double excitation states with an intense 800 nm field. Probing in the vicinity of the 1s 2 → 2s2p transition at 60.15 eV reveals the formation of an Autler-Townes doublet due to coherent coupling of the double excitation states. Qualitative agreement with the experimental spectra is obtained only when optical field ionization of both double excitation states into the N = 2 continuum is included in the theoretical model. Because the Fano q-parameter of the unperturbed probe transition is finite, the laser-dressed He atom exhibits both enhanced transparency and absorption at negative and positive probe energy detunings, respectively 19. Temperature and pH optima of enzyme activities produced by cellulolytic thermophilic fungi in batch and solid-state cultures Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB) Grajek, W 1986-01-01 The temperature and pH optima of cellulolytic activities produced by thermophilic fungi in liquid and solid-state cultures were established. Some differences in optimal conditions for enzyme activities, which depended on culture methods, were confirmed. 10 references. 20. Reforma do estado: o privado contra o público The reform of the state: the private versus the public Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden) Roberto Leher 2003-09-01 Full Text Available A reforma do Estado está situada no centro da agenda dos países periféricos, obedece às condicionalidades do Fundo Monetário Internacional (FMI e do Banco Mundial, assim como está presente nas políticas que ampliam a esfera privada em detrimento da pública. O determinismo tecnológico - expresso por meio da ideologia da globalização - e o uso de um léxico em que o discurso da direita e da esquerda parecem se confundir - como nos temas da autonomia, da sociedade civil e da crítica ao estatismo - contribuem para a formação da ideologia dominante. Critica-se, aqui, o discurso que confere inexorabilidade a essas reformas, sustenta a ruptura com a política macroeconômica neoliberal para que a transição pós-neoliberal possa ser concretizada e defende a oposição entre o público e o privado como estratégica para a construção de alternativas. Argumenta-se que as reformas aprofundam a condição capitalista dependente do país e ampliam a sua heteronomia cultural, agravando o apartheid educacional e científico-tecnológico, com graves conseqüências sociais. Discute-se, ainda, que a construção de um Estado ético, p��blico, requer o fortalecimento dos movimentos sociais, a autonomia vis-à-vis aos governos e a elaboração de teorias críticas em relação ao Estado, em uma sociedade não subjugada à ordem do capital.The reform of the State is at the centre of the periphery countries' agenda; it fulfils the conditions imposed by the International Monetary Fund and by the World Bank, as well as being part of the policies that aim at expanding the private sphere in detriment of the public one. Technological determinism - expressed by the globalisation ideology - and the use of a vocabulary that makes the discourses of both left and right seem very similar (as it occurs in the case of matters such as autonomy, civil society and the critique of statism contribute towards the construction of the dominant ideology. Here we make 1. Periodic p-adic Gibbs Measures of q-State Potts Model on Cayley Trees I: The Chaos Implies the Vastness of the Set of p-Adic Gibbs Measures Science.gov (United States) Ahmad, Mohd Ali Khameini; Liao, Lingmin; Saburov, Mansoor 2018-06-01 We study the set of p-adic Gibbs measures of the q-state Potts model on the Cayley tree of order three. We prove the vastness of the set of the periodic p-adic Gibbs measures for such model by showing the chaotic behavior of the corresponding Potts-Bethe mapping over Q_p for the prime numbers p≡1 (mod 3). In fact, for 0< |θ -1|_p< |q|_p^2 < 1 where θ =\\exp _p(J) and J is a coupling constant, there exists a subsystem that is isometrically conjugate to the full shift on three symbols. Meanwhile, for 0< |q|_p^2 ≤ |θ -1|_p< |q|_p < 1, there exists a subsystem that is isometrically conjugate to a subshift of finite type on r symbols where r ≥ 4. However, these subshifts on r symbols are all topologically conjugate to the full shift on three symbols. The p-adic Gibbs measures of the same model for the prime numbers p=2,3 and the corresponding Potts-Bethe mapping are also discussed. On the other hand, for 0< |θ -1|_p< |q|_p < 1, we remark that the Potts-Bethe mapping is not chaotic when p=3 and p≡ 2 (mod 3) and we could not conclude the vastness of the set of the periodic p-adic Gibbs measures. In a forthcoming paper with the same title, we will treat the case 0< |q|_p ≤ |θ -1|_p < 1 for all prime numbers p. 2. Acidez potencial pelo método do pH SMP no Estado do Amazonas Potential acidity by pH SMP method in Amazonas State, Brazil Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden) Adônis Moreira 2004-01-01 Full Text Available O objetivo deste trabalho foi definir um modelo matemático que estime o H+Al a partir do pH SMP medido em água e em solução de CaCl2 0,01 mol L-1 nas condições edafoclimáticas locais. Foram utilizadas 246 amostras de solo provenientes de diversas localidades. Mesmo apresentando menor coeficiente da correlação (r = 0,89*, a equação H+Al = 30,646 - 3,848pH SMP obtida em H2O foi mais eficiente que a obtida em solução CaCl2 (H+Al = 30,155 - 3,834pH SMP, r = 0,91*, a qual subestima os valores da acidez potencial.The objective of this work was to determine a mathematic model that estimates the potential acidity with pH SMP measured in water and in solution of CaCl2 0.01 mol L-1. Two hundred and forty six soil samples from several localities were utilized. Despite presenting a lower correlation coefficient (r = 0.89*, the equation H+Al = 30.646 - 3.848pH SMP, obtained in H2O, was more efficient than in the CaCl2 solution (H+Al = 30.155 -3.834pH SMP, r = 0.91*, since this last one underestimates the values of the potential acidity. 3. Medium optimization for nuclease P1 production by Penicillium citrinum in solid-state fermentation using polyurethane foam as inert carrier NARCIS (Netherlands) Zhu, Y.; Knol, W.; Smits, J.P.; Bol, J. 1996-01-01 A solid-state fermentation system, using polyurethane foam as an inert carrier, was used for the production of nuclease P1 by Penicillium citrinum. Optimization of nuclease P1 production was carried out using a synthetic liquid medium. After a two-step medium optimization using a fractional 4. Interchannel interaction in orientation and alignment of Kr 4p4mp states in the region of 3d9np resonances International Nuclear Information System (INIS) Lagutin, B M; Petrov, I D; Sukhorukov, V L; Werner, L; Klumpp, S; Ehresmann, A; Schartner, K-H; Schmoranzer, H 2009-01-01 The interaction between intermediate channels which influence the population of Kr 4p 4 mp ionic states in the region of the 3d 9 np resonances by the photon-induced Auger decay was investigated. The most important influence on the investigated process stems from 4p 5 ε'l and 3d 9 ε'l channels. 5. The effect of p-doping on multi-state lasing in InAs/InGaAs quantum dot lasers for different cavity lengths Science.gov (United States) Korenev, V. V.; Savelyev, A. V.; Maximov, M. V.; Zubov, F. I.; Shernyakov, Yu M.; Zhukov, A. E. 2017-11-01 The effect of modulation p-doping on multi-state lasing in InAs/InGaAs quantum dot (QD) lasers is studied for different levels of acceptor concentration. It is shown that in case of the short laser cavities, p-doping results in higher output power of the ground-state optical transitions of InAs/InGaAs QDs whereas in longer samples p-doping may result in the decrease of this power component. On the basis of this observation, the optimal design of laser active region and optimal doping level are discussed in details. 6. Effects of surface states on device and interconnect isolation in GaAs MESFET and InP MISFET integrated circuits International Nuclear Information System (INIS) Hasegawa, H.; Kitagawa, T.; Masuda, H.; Yano, H.; Ohno, H. 1985-01-01 Surface electrical breakdown and side-gating which cause failure of device and interconnect isolation are investigated for GaAs MESFET and InP MISFET integrated circuit structures. Striking differences in behavior are observed between GaAs and InP as regards to the surface conduction, surface breakdown and side-gating. These differences are shown to be related to the surface state properties of the insulator-semiconductor interface. In GaAs, high density of surface states rather than bulk trap states control the surface I-V characteristics and side-gating, causing serious premature avalanche breakdown and triggering side-gating at a low nominal field intensity of 1-3 kV/cm. On the other hand, InP MISFET integrated circuits are virtually free from these premature breakdown and side-gating effect under normal dark operating condition because of very low surface state density 7. Sampling system for pulsed signals. Study of the radioactive lifetimes of excited 32P1/2 and 32P3/2 states of Na, excited by a tunable dye laser International Nuclear Information System (INIS) Thomas, P.; Campos, J. 1979-01-01 A system for sampling and averaging repetitive signals in the order of nanoseconds is discussed. The system uses as storage memory a multichannel analyzer operating in multi scaling mode. This instrument is employed for the measurement of atomic level lifetimes using a dye laser to excite the atoms and is applied to the study of lifetimes of the 3 2 P1/2 and 3 2 P3/2 states of sodium. (Author) 32 refs 8. Search for sneutrino particles in e + mu final states in p anti-p collisions at s**(1/2) = 1.96-TeV International Nuclear Information System (INIS) Abazov, V.M.; Abbott, B.; Abolins, M.; Acharya, B.S.; Adams, M.; Adams, T.; Aguilo, E.; Ahn, S.H.; Ahsan, M.; Alexeev, G.D.; Alkhazov, G. 2007-01-01 We report a search for R-parity violating production and decay of sneutrino particles in the eμ final state with 1.04 ± 0.06 fb -1 of data collected with the D0 detector at the Fermilab Tevatron Collider in 2002-2006. Good agreement between the data and the standard model prediction is observed. With no evidence for new physics, we set limits on the R-parity violating couplings λ' 311 and λ 312 as a function of sneutrino mass 9. The role of bulk and interface states on performance of a-Si: H p-i-n solar cells using reverse current-voltage technique International Nuclear Information System (INIS) Mahmood, S A; Kabir, M Z; Murthy, R V R; Dutta, V 2009-01-01 The defect state densities in the bulk of the i-layer and at the p/i interface have been studied in hydrogenated amorphous silicon (a-Si : H) solar cells using reverse current-voltage (J-V) measurements. In this work the cells have been soaked with blue and red lights prior to measurements. The voltage-dependent reverse current has been analysed on the basis of thermal generation of the carriers from midgap states in the i-layer and the carrier injection through the p/i interface. Based on the reverse current behaviour, it has been analysed that at lower reverse bias (reverse voltage, V r r ∼ 25 V) the defect states at the p/i interface are contributing to the reverse currents. The applied reverse bias annealing (RBA) treatment on these cells shows more significant annihilation of defect states at the p/i interface as compared with the bulk of the i-layer. An analytical model is developed to explain the observed behaviour. There is good agreement between the theory and the experimental observations. The fitted defect state densities are 9.1 x 10 15 cm -3 and 8 x 10 18 cm -3 in the bulk of the i-layer and near the p/i interface, respectively. These values decrease to 2.5 x 10 15 cm -3 and 6 x 10 17 cm -3 , respectively, in the samples annealed under reverse bias at 2 V. 10. On the violation of the exponential decay law in atomic physics: ab initio calculation of the time-dependence of the He-1s2p24P non-stationary state International Nuclear Information System (INIS) Nicolaides, C.A.; Mercouris, T. 1996-01-01 The detailed time dependence of the decay of a three-electron autoionizing state close to threshold has been obtained ab initio by solving the time-dependent Schrodinger equation (TDSE). The theory allows the definition and computation of energy-dependent matrix elements in terms of the appropriate N-electron wavefunctions, representing the localized initial state, Ψ O , the stationary scattering states of the continuous spectrum, U( e psilon ) , and the localized excited states, Ψ n , of the effective Hamiltonian QHQ, where Q ''ident to'' |Ψ O > O |. The time-dependent wavefunction is expanded over these states and the resulting coupled equations with time-dependent coefficients (in the thousands) are solved to all orders by a Taylor series expansion technique. The robustness of the method was verified by using a model interaction in analytic form and comparing the results from two different methods for integrating the TDSE (appendix B). For the physically relevant application, the chosen state was the He - 1s2p 24 P shape resonance, about which very accurate theoretical and experimental relevant information exists. Calculations using accurate wavefunctions and an energy grid of 20.000 points in the range 0.0-21.77 eV show that the effective interaction depends on energy in a state-specific manner, thereby leading to state-specific characteristics of non-exponential decay over about 6 x 10 4 au of time, from which a width of Γ = 5.2 meV and a lifetime of 1.26 x 10 -13 s is deduced. The results suggest that either in this state or in other autoionizing states close to threshold, NED may have sufficient presence to make the violation of the law of exponential decay observable. (Author) 11. X-ray M4,5 Resonant Raman Scattering from La metal with final 4p hole: Calculations with 4p-4d-4f configuration interaction in the final state and comparison with the experiment International Nuclear Information System (INIS) Taguchi, M.; Braicovich, L.; Tagliaferri, A.; Dallera, C.; Giarda, K.; Ghiringhelli, G.; Brookes, N.B.; Borgatti, F. 2001-03-01 We consider the X-Ray Resonant Raman Scattering (RRS) in La in the whole M 4,5 region ending with a state with a 4p hole, along the sequence 3d 10 4f 0 →3d 9 4f 1 →3d 10 4p 5 4f 1 . The final state configuration mixes with that with two 4d holes i.e. 3d 10 4d 8 4f n+2 having almost the same energy. Thus RRS must be described by introducing final state Configuration Interaction (CI) between states with one 4p hole and with two 4d holes. This approach allows detailed experimental data on La-metal to be interpreted on the basis of a purely ionic approach. It is shown that the inclusion of CI is crucial and has very clear effects. The calculations with the Kramers-Heisenberg formula describe all measured spectral features appearing in the strict Raman regime i.e. dispersing with the incident photon energy. In the experiment also a nondispersive component is present when the excitation energy is greater than about 2 eV above the M 5 peak. The shape and position of this component is well accounted for by a model based on all possible partitions of the excitation energy between localised and extended states. However, the intensity of the nondispersive component is greater in the measurements, suggesting a rearrangement in the intermediate excited state. The comparison of ionic calculations with the metal measurements is legitimate, as shown by the comparison between the measurements on La-metal and on LaF 3 with M 5 excitation, giving the same spectrum within the experimental accuracy. Moreover, the experiment shows that the final lifetime broadening is much greater in the final states corresponding to lower outgoing photon energies than in the states corresponding to higher outgoing photon energies. (author) 12. Ion and electron spectroscopy of strontium in the vicinity of the two-photon-excited 5p2 1S0 state Science.gov (United States) Dimitriou, A.; Cohen, S. 2014-07-01 Two-photon ionization of ground-state strontium is investigated experimentally in the 360-370-nm spectral range with dye laser pulses of long (˜ns) duration and low (˜1010W cm-2) intensity. The Sr+ spectra recorded with linear laser polarization are dominated by the presence of the highly correlated 5p21S0 state and by the even parity [4d6d 13. The effect of dephasing on edge state transport through p-n junctions in HgTe/CdTe quantum wells. Science.gov (United States) Zhang, Ying-Tao; Song, Juntao; Sun, Qing-Feng 2014-02-26 Using the Landauer-Büttiker formula, we study the effect of dephasing on the transport properties of the HgTe/CdTe p-n junction. It is found that in the HgTe/CdTe p-n junction the topologically protected gapless helical edge states manifest a quantized 2e²/h plateau robust against dephasing, in sharp contrast to the case for the normal HgTe/CdTe quantum well. This robustness of the transport properties of the edge states against dephasing should be attributed to the special construction of the HgTe/CdTe p-n junction, which limits the gapless helical edge states to a very narrow region and thus weakens the influence of the dephasing on the gapless edge states to a large extent. Our results demonstrate that the p-n junction could be a substitute device for use in experimentally observing the robust edge states and quantized plateau. Finally, we present a feasible scheme based on current experimental methods. 14. Effect of modulation p-doping level on multi-state lasing in InAs/InGaAs quantum dot lasers having different external loss Science.gov (United States) Korenev, V. V.; Savelyev, A. V.; Maximov, M. V.; Zubov, F. I.; Shernyakov, Yu. M.; Kulagina, M. M.; Zhukov, A. E. 2017-09-01 The influence of the modulation p-doping level on multi-state lasing in InAs/InGaAs quantum dot (QD) lasers is studied experimentally for devices having various external losses. It is shown that in the case of short cavities (high external loss), there is an increase in the lasing power component corresponding to the ground-state optical transitions of QDs as the p-doping level grows. However, in the case of long cavities (small external loss), higher dopant concentrations may have an opposite effect on the output power. Based on these observations, an optimal design of laser geometry and an optimal doping level are discussed. 15. Benzothiazole-Based AIEgen with Tunable Excited-State Intramolecular Proton Transfer and Restricted Intramolecular Rotation Processes for Highly Sensitive Physiological pH Sensing. Science.gov (United States) Li, Kai; Feng, Qi; Niu, Guangle; Zhang, Weijie; Li, Yuanyuan; Kang, Miaomiao; Xu, Kui; He, Juan; Hou, Hongwei; Tang, Ben Zhong 2018-04-23 In this work, a benzothiazole-based aggregation-induced emission luminogen (AIEgen) of 2-(5-(4-carboxyphenyl)-2-hydroxyphenyl)benzothiazole (3) was designed and synthesized, which exhibited multifluorescence emissions in different dispersed or aggregated states based on tunable excited-state intramolecular proton transfer (ESIPT) and restricted intramolecular rotation (RIR) processes. 3 was successfully used as a ratiometric fluorescent chemosensor for the detection of pH, which exhibited reversible acid/base-switched yellow/cyan emission transition. More importantly, the pH jump of 3 was very precipitous from 7.0 to 8.0 with a midpoint of 7.5, which was well matched with the physiological pH. This feature makes 3 very suitable for the highly sensitive detection of pH fluctuation in biosamples and neutral water samples. 3 was also successfully used as a ratiometric fluorescence chemosensor for the detection of acidic and basic organic vapors in test papers. 16. Tail state-assisted charge injection and recombination at the electron-collecting interface of P3HT:PCBM bulk-heterojunction polymer solar cells Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB) Wang, He [Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544 (United States); Department of Electrical Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544 (United States); Shah, Manas [Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139 (United States); Ganesan, Venkat [Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712 (United States); Chabinyc, Michael L. [Materials Department, University of California Santa Barbara, CA 93106 (United States); Loo, Yueh-Lin [Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544 (United States) 2012-12-15 The systematic insertion of thin films of P3HT and PCBM at the electron- and hole-collecting interfaces, respectively, in bulk-heterojunction polymer solar cells results in different extents of reduction in device characteristics, with the insertion of P3HT at the electron-collecting interface being less disruptive to the output currents compared to the insertion of PCBM at the hole-collecting interface. This asymmetry is attributed to differences in the tail state-assisted charge injection and recombination at the active layer-electrode interfaces. P3HT exhibits a higher density of tail states compared to PCBM; holes in these tail states can thus easily recombine with electrons at the electron-collection interface during device operation. This process is subsequently compensated by the injection of holes from the cathode into these tail states, which collectively enables net current flow through the polymer solar cell. The study presented herein thus provides a plausible explanation for why preferential segregation of P3HT to the cathode interface is inconsequential to device characteristics in P3HT:PCBM bulk-heterojunction solar cells. (Copyright copyright 2012 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH and Co. KGaA, Weinheim) 17. Studies of transitions between Zeeman sublevels of the potassium 4P states induced by nonresonant thermal collisions at high magnetic fields International Nuclear Information System (INIS) Boggy, R.D. 1978-01-01 Experiments have been performed which examine the response of selectively excited potassium atoms to thermal collisions with inert gas atoms at magnetic fields between 9 and 31 kOe. Using laser excitation of individual Zeeman sublevels of the potassium 4P states and interferometric analysis of fluorescent light, cross sections have been determined for excitation transfer between the potassium 4 2 P/sub 1/2/ and 4 2 P/sub 3/2/ fine-structure states and for depolarization of each of the fine-structure states. The experimental results for helium and neon collision partners are presented both as cross sections for transitions between individual magnetic sublevels and as irreducible cross sections for multipole depolarization, excitation transfer, and coherence transfer. Although cross sections obtained here for depolarization of 2 P/sub 1/2/ state are smaller than the high-field results of Berdowski and Krause, they agree more closely with nuclear-spin corrected low-field results and with theory. However, cross sections were found for 2 P/sub 3/2/ depolarization which are significantly larger than the theoretical predictions and the previously obtained high-field cross sections of Berdowski, Shiner, and Krause 18. Evidence from d+Au measurements for final-state suppression of high-p(T) hadrons in Au+Au collisions at RHIC. Science.gov (United States) Adams, J; Adler, C; Aggarwal, M M; Ahammed, Z; Amonett, J; Anderson, B D; Anderson, M; Arkhipkin, D; Averichev, G S; Badyal, S K; Balewski, J; Barannikova, O; Barnby, L S; Baudot, J; Bekele, S; Belaga, V V; Bellwied, R; Berger, J; Bezverkhny, B I; Bhardwaj, S; Bhaskar, P; Bhati, A K; Bichsel, H; Billmeier, A; Bland, L C; Blyth, C O; Bonner, B E; Botje, M; Boucham, A; Brandin, A; Bravar, A; Cadman, R V; Cai, X Z; Caines, H; Calderón de la Barca Sánchez, M; Carroll, J; Castillo, J; Castro, M; Cebra, D; Chaloupka, P; Chattopadhyay, S; Chen, H F; Chen, Y; Chernenko, S P; Cherney, M; Chikanian, A; Choi, B; Christie, W; Coffin, J P; Cormier, T M; Cramer, J G; Crawford, H J; Das, D; Das, S; Derevschikov, A A; Didenko, L; Dietel, T; Dong, X; Draper, J E; Du, F; Dubey, A K; Dunin, V B; Dunlop, J C; Dutta Majumdar, M R; Eckardt, V; Efimov, L G; Emelianov, V; Engelage, J; Eppley, G; Erazmus, B; Fachini, P; Faine, V; Faivre, J; Fatemi, R; Filimonov, K; Filip, P; Finch, E; Fisyak, Y; Flierl, D; Foley, K J; Fu, J; Gagliardi, C A; Ganti, M S; Gagunashvili, N; Gans, J; Gaudichet, L; Germain, M; Geurts, F; Ghazikhanian, V; Ghosh, P; Gonzalez, J E; Grachov, O; Grigoriev, V; Gronstal, S; Grosnick, D; Guedon, M; Guertin, S M; Gupta, A; Gushin, E; Gutierrez, T D; Hallman, T J; Hardtke, D; Harris, J W; Heinz, M; Henry, T W; Heppelmann, S; Herston, T; Hippolyte, B; Hirsch, A; Hjort, E; Hoffmann, G W; Horsley, M; Huang, H Z; Huang, S L; Humanic, T J; Igo, G; Ishihara, A; Jacobs, P; Jacobs, W W; Janik, M; Johnson, I; Jones, P G; Judd, E G; Kabana, S; Kaneta, M; Kaplan, M; Keane, D; Kiryluk, J; Kisiel, A; Klay, J; Klein, S R; Klyachko, A; Koetke, D D; Kollegger, T; Konstantinov, A S; Kopytine, M; Kotchenda, L; Kovalenko, A D; Kramer, M; Kravtsov, P; Krueger, K; Kuhn, C; Kulikov, A I; Kumar, A; Kunde, G J; Kunz, C L; Kutuev, R Kh; Kuznetsov, A A; Lamont, M A C; Landgraf, J M; Lange, S; Lansdell, C P; Lasiuk, B; Laue, F; Lauret, J; Lebedev, A; Lednický, R; Leontiev, V M; LeVine, M J; Li, C; Li, Q; Lindenbaum, S J; Lisa, M A; Liu, F; Liu, L; Liu, Z; Liu, Q J; Ljubicic, T; Llope, W J; Long, H; Longacre, R S; Lopez-Noriega, M; Love, W A; Ludlam, T; Lynn, D; Ma, J; Ma, Y G; Magestro, D; Mahajan, S; Mangotra, L K; Mahapatra, D P; Majka, R; Manweiler, R; Margetis, S; Markert, C; Martin, L; Marx, J; Matis, H S; Matulenko, Yu A; McShane, T S; Meissner, F; Melnick, Yu; Meschanin, A; Messer, M; Miller, M L; Milosevich, Z; Minaev, N G; Mironov, C; Mishra, D; Mitchell, J; Mohanty, B; Molnar, L; Moore, C F; Mora-Corral, M J; Morozov, V; de Moura, M M; Munhoz, M G; Nandi, B K; Nayak, S K; Nayak, T K; Nelson, J M; Nevski, P; Nikitin, V A; Nogach, L V; Norman, B; Nurushev, S B; Odyniec, G; Ogawa, A; Okorokov, V; Oldenburg, M; Olson, D; Paic, G; Pandey, S U; Pal, S K; Panebratsev, Y; Panitkin, S Y; Pavlinov, A I; Pawlak, T; Perevoztchikov, V; Peryt, W; Petrov, V A; Phatak, S C; Picha, R; Planinic, M; Pluta, J; Porile, N; Porter, J; Poskanzer, A M; Potekhin, M; Potrebenikova, E; Potukuchi, B V K S; Prindle, D; Pruneau, C; Putschke, J; Rai, G; Rakness, G; Raniwala, R; Raniwala, S; Ravel, O; Ray, R L; Razin, S V; Reichhold, D; Reid, J G; Renault, G; Retiere, F; Ridiger, A; Ritter, H G; Roberts, J B; Rogachevski, O V; Romero, J L; Rose, A; Roy, C; Ruan, L J; Rykov, V; Sahoo, R; Sakrejda, I; Salur, S; Sandweiss, J; Savin, I; Schambach, J; Scharenberg, R P; Schmitz, N; Schroeder, L S; Schweda, K; Seger, J; Seliverstov, D; Seyboth, P; Shahaliev, E; Shao, M; Sharma, M; Shestermanov, K E; Shimanskii, S S; Singaraju, R N; Simon, F; Skoro, G; Smirnov, N; Snellings, R; Sood, G; Sorensen, P; Sowinski, J; Spinka, H M; Srivastava, B; Stanislaus, S; Stock, R; Stolpovsky, A; Strikhanov, M; Stringfellow, B; Struck, C; Suaide, A A P; Sugarbaker, E; Suire, C; Sumbera, M; Surrow, B; Symons, T J M; Szanto de Toledo, A; Szarwas, P; Tai, A; Takahashi, J; Tang, A H; Thein, D; Thomas, J H; Tikhomirov, V; Tokarev, M; Tonjes, M B; Trainor, T A; Trentalange, S; Tribble, R E; Trivedi, M D; Trofimov, V; Tsai, O; Ullrich, T; Underwood, D G; Van Buren, G; VanderMolen, A M; Vasiliev, A N; Vasiliev, M; Vigdor, S E; Viyogi, Y P; Voloshin, S A; Waggoner, W; Wang, F; Wang, G; Wang, X L; Wang, Z M; Ward, H; Watson, J W; Wells, R; Westfall, G D; Whitten, C; Wieman, H; Willson, R; Wissink, S W; Witt, R; Wood, J; Wu, J; Xu, N; Xu, Z; Xu, Z Z; Yakutin, A E; Yamamoto, E; Yang, J; Yepes, P; Yurevich, V I; Zanevski, Y V; Zborovský, I; Zhang, H; Zhang, H Y; Zhang, W M; Zhang, Z P; Zołnierczuk, P A; Zoulkarneev, R; Zoulkarneeva, J; Zubarev, A N 2003-08-15 We report measurements of single-particle inclusive spectra and two-particle azimuthal distributions of charged hadrons at high transverse momentum (high p(T)) in minimum bias and central d+Au collisions at sqrt[s(NN)]=200 GeV. The inclusive yield is enhanced in d+Au collisions relative to binary-scaled p+p collisions, while the two-particle azimuthal distributions are very similar to those observed in p+p collisions. These results demonstrate that the strong suppression of the inclusive yield and back-to-back correlations at high p(T) previously observed in central Au+Au collisions are due to final-state interactions with the dense medium generated in such collisions. 19. The analytical approach to the multi-state lasing phenomenon in undoped and p-doped InAs/InGaAs semiconductor quantum dot lasers Science.gov (United States) Korenev, Vladimir V.; Savelyev, Artem V.; Zhukov, Alexey E.; Omelchenko, Alexander V.; Maximov, Mikhail V. 2014-05-01 We introduce an analytical approach to the multi-state lasing phenomenon in p-doped and undoped InAs/InGaAs quantum dot lasers which were studied both theoretically and experimentally. It is shown that the asymmetry in charge carrier distribution in quantum dots as well as hole-to-electron capture rate ratio jointly determine laser's behavior in such a regime. If the ratio is lower than a certain critical value, the complete quenching of ground-state lasing takes place at sufficiently high injection currents; at higher values of the ratio, our model predicts saturation of the ground-state power. It was experimentally shown that the modulation p-doping of laser's active region results in increase of output power emitted via the ground-state optical transitions of quantum dots and in enhancement of the injection currents range in which multi-state lasing takes place. The maximum temperature at which multi-state lasing exists was increased by about 50°C in the p-doped samples. These effects are qualitatively explained in the terms of the proposed model. 20. A DegU-P and DegQ-Dependent Regulatory Pathway for the K-state in Bacillus subtilis Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden) Mathieu Miras 2016-11-01 Full Text Available The K-state in the model bacterium Bacillus subtilis is associated with transformability (competence as well as with growth arrest and tolerance for antibiotics. Entry into the K-state is determined by the stochastic activation of the transcription factor ComK and occurs in about ~15% of the population in domesticated strains. Although the upstream mechanisms that regulate the K-state have been intensively studied and are well understood, it has remained unexplained why undomesticated isolates of B. subtilis are poorly transformable compared to their domesticated counterparts. We show here that this is because fewer cells enter the K-state, suggesting that a regulatory pathway limiting entry to the K-state is missing in domesticated strains. We find that loss of this limitation is largely due to an inactivating point mutation in the promoter of degQ. The resulting low level of DegQ decreases the concentration of phosphorylated DegU, which leads to the de-repression of the srfA operon and ultimately to the stabilization of ComK. As a result, more cells reach the threshold concentration of ComK needed to activate the auto-regulatory loop at the comK promoter. In addition, we demonstrate that the activation of srfA transcription in undomesticated strains is transient, turning off abruptly as cells enter the stationary phase. Thus, the K-state and transformability are more transient and less frequently expressed in the undomesticated strains. This limitation is more extreme than appreciated from studies of domesticated strains. Selection has apparently limited both the frequency and the duration of the bistably expressed K-state in wild strains, likely because of the high cost of growth arrest associated with the K-state. Future modeling of K-state regulation and of the fitness advantages and costs of the K-state must take these features into account. 1. KCC2-dependent Steady-state Intracellular Chloride Concentration and pH in Cortical Layer 2/3 Neurons of Anesthetized and Awake Mice. Science.gov (United States) Boffi, Juan C; Knabbe, Johannes; Kaiser, Michaela; Kuner, Thomas 2018-01-01 Neuronal intracellular Cl - concentration ([Cl - ] i ) influences a wide range of processes such as neuronal inhibition, membrane potential dynamics, intracellular pH (pH i ) or cell volume. Up to date, neuronal [Cl - ] i has predominantly been studied in model systems of reduced complexity. Here, we implemented the genetically encoded ratiometric Cl - indicator Superclomeleon (SCLM) to estimate the steady-state [Cl - ] i in cortical neurons from anesthetized and awake mice using 2-photon microscopy. Additionally, we implemented superecliptic pHluorin (SE-pHluorin) as a ratiometric sensor to estimate the intracellular steady-state pH (pH i ) of mouse cortical neurons in vivo . We estimated an average resting [Cl - ] i of 6 ± 2 mM with no evidence of subcellular gradients in the proximal somato-dendritic domain and an average somatic pH i of 7.1 ± 0.2. Neither [Cl - ] i nor pH i were affected by isoflurane anesthesia. We deleted the cation-Cl - co-transporter KCC2 in single identified neurons of adult mice and found an increase of [Cl - ] i to approximately 26 ± 8 mM, demonstrating that under in vivo conditions KCC2 produces low [Cl - ] i in adult mouse neurons. In summary, neurons of the brain of awake adult mice exhibit a low and evenly distributed [Cl - ] i in the proximal somato-dendritic compartment that is independent of anesthesia and requires KCC2 expression for its maintenance. 2. Characteristics and degradation of carbon and phosphorus from aquatic macrophytes in lakes: Insights from solid-state 13C NMR and solution 31P NMR spectroscopy International Nuclear Information System (INIS) Liu, Shasha; Zhu, Yuanrong; Meng, Wei; He, Zhongqi; Feng, Weiying; Zhang, Chen; Giesy, John P. 2016-01-01 Water extractable organic matter (WEOM) derived from macrophytes plays an important role in biogeochemical cycling of nutrients, including carbon (C), nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) in lakes. However, reports of their composition and degradation in natural waters are scarce. Therefore, compositions and degradation of WEOM derived from six aquatic macrophytes species of Tai Lake, China, were investigated by use of solid-state 13 C NMR and solution 31 P NMR spectroscopy. Carbohydrates were the predominant constituents of WEOM fractions, followed by carboxylic acid. Orthophosphate (ortho-P) was the dominant form of P (78.7% of total dissolved P) in the water extracts, followed by monoester P (mono-P) (20.6%) and little diester P (0.65%). The proportion of mono-P in total P species increased with the percentage of O-alkyl and O–C–O increasing in the WEOM, which is likely due to degradation and dissolution of biological membranes and RNA from aquatic plants. Whereas the proportion of mono-P decreased with alkyl-C, NCH/OCH 3 and COO/N–C=O increasing, which may be owing to the insoluble compounds including C functional groups of alkyl-C, NCH/OCH 3 and COO/N–C=O, such as aliphatic biopolymers, lignin and peptides. Based on the results of this study and information in the literature about water column and sediment, we propose that WEOM, dominated by polysaccharides, are the most labile and bioavailable component in debris of macrophytes. Additionally, these WEOMs would also be a potential source for bioavailable organic P (e.g., RNA, DNA and phytate) for lakes. - Highlights: • WEOM derived from aquatic macrophytes was characterized. • C and P in WEOM were characterized by solid 13 C NMR and solution 31 P NMR. • Degradation and transformation of macrophyte-derived C and P were investigated. • Macrophyte-derived WEOM are important source for bioavailable nutrients in lakes. 3. The separation of vibrational coherence from ground- and excited-electronic states in P3HT film KAUST Repository Song, Yin; Hellmann, Christoph; Stingelin, Natalie; Scholes, Gregory D. 2015-01-01 © 2015 AIP Publishing LLC. Concurrence of the vibrational coherence and ultrafast electron transfer has been observed in polymer/fullerene blends. However, it is difficult to experimentally investigate the role that the excited-state vibrational 4. Evidence of final-state suppression of high-p{_ T} hadrons in Au + Au collisions using d + Au measurements at RHIC Science.gov (United States) Back, B. B.; Baker, M. D.; Ballintijn, M.; Barton, D. S.; Becker, B.; Betts, R. R.; Bickley, A. A.; Bindel, R.; Busza, W.; Carroll, A.; Decowski, M. P.; García, E.; Gburek, T.; George, N.; Gulbrandsen, K.; Gushue, S.; Halliwell, C.; Hamblen, J.; Harrington, A. S.; Henderson, C.; Hofman, D. J.; Hollis, R. S.; Hołyński, R.; Holzman, B.; Iordanova, A.; Johnson, E.; Kane, J. L.; Khan, N.; Kulinich, P.; Kuo, C. M.; Lee, J. W.; Lin, W. T.; Manly, S.; Mignerey, A. C.; Nouicer, R.; Olszewski, A.; Pak, R.; Park, I. C.; Pernegger, H.; Reed, C.; Roland, C.; Roland, G.; Sagerer, J.; Sarin, P.; Sedykh, I.; Skulski, W.; Smith, C. E.; Steinberg, P.; Stephans, G. S. F.; Sukhanov, A.; Tonjes, M. B.; Trzupek, A.; Vale, C.; van Nieuwenhuizen, G. J.; Verdier, R.; Veres, G. I.; Wolfs, F. L. H.; Wosiek, B.; Woźniak, K.; Wysłouch, B.; Zhang, J. Transverse momentum spectra of charged hadrons with pT 2 GeV/c). In contrast, the d + Au nuclear modification factor exhibits no suppression of the high-pT yields. These measurements suggest a large energy loss of the high-pT particles in the highly interacting medium created in the central Au + Au collisions. The lack of suppression in d + Au collisions suggests that it is unlikely that initial state effects can explain the suppression in the central Au + Au collisions. PACS: 25.75.-q 5. Gamma oscillations and spontaneous network activity in the hippocampus are highly sensitive to decreases in pO2 and concomitant changes in mitochondrial redox state. Science.gov (United States) Huchzermeyer, Christine; Albus, Klaus; Gabriel, Hans-Jürgen; Otáhal, Jakub; Taubenberger, Nando; Heinemann, Uwe; Kovács, Richard; Kann, Oliver 2008-01-30 Gamma oscillations have been implicated in higher cognitive processes and might critically depend on proper mitochondrial function. Using electrophysiology, oxygen sensor microelectrode, and imaging techniques, we investigated the interactions of neuronal activity, interstitial pO2, and mitochondrial redox state [NAD(P)H and FAD (flavin adenine dinucleotide) fluorescence] in the CA3 subfield of organotypic hippocampal slice cultures. We find that gamma oscillations and spontaneous network activity decrease significantly at pO2 levels that do not affect neuronal population responses as elicited by moderate electrical stimuli. Moreover, pO2 and mitochondrial redox states are tightly coupled, and electrical stimuli reveal transient alterations of redox responses when pO2 decreases within the normoxic range. Finally, evoked redox responses are distinct in somatic and synaptic neuronal compartments and show different sensitivity to changes in pO2. We conclude that the threshold of interstitial pO2 for robust CA3 network activities and required mitochondrial function is clearly above the "critical" value, which causes spreading depression as a result of generalized energy failure. Our study highlights the importance of a functional understanding of mitochondria and their implications on activities of individual neurons and neuronal networks. 6. Modulating effects of thyroid state on the induction of biotransformation enzymes byu 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin. NARCIS (Netherlands) Schuur, A.G.; Tacken, P.J.; Visser, T.J.; Brouwer, A. 1998-01-01 In this study we investigated to what extent the induction of detoxification enzymes by 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) is modulated by concomitant TCDD-induced changes in thyroid state. Euthyroid (Eu) male Sprague-Dawley rats, surgically thyroidectomized (Tx) rats and Tx rats receiving 7. Rational coating of Li7P3S11 solid electrolyte on MoS2 electrode for all-solid-state lithium ion batteries Science.gov (United States) Xu, R. C.; Wang, X. L.; Zhang, S. Z.; Xia, Y.; Xia, X. H.; Wu, J. B.; Tu, J. P. 2018-01-01 Large interfacial resistance between electrode and electrolyte limits the development of high-performance all-solid-state batteries. Herein we report a uniform coating of Li7P3S11 solid electrolyte on MoS2 to form a MoS2/Li7P3S11 composite electrode for all-solid-state lithium ion batteries. The as-synthesized Li7P3S11 processes a high ionic of 2.0 mS cm-1 at room temperature. Due to homogeneous union and reduced interfacial resistance, the assembled all-solid-state batteries with the MoS2/Li7P3S11 composite electrode exhibit higher reversible capacity of 547.1 mAh g-1 at 0.1 C and better cycling stability than the counterpart based on untreated MoS2. Our study provides a new reference for design/fabrication of advanced electrode materials for high-performance all-solid-state batteries. 8. Delineating pMDI model reactions with loblolly pine via solution-state NMR spectroscopy. Part 1, Catalyzed reactions with wood models and wood polymers Science.gov (United States) Daniel J. Yelle; John Ralph; Charles R. Frihart 2011-01-01 To better understand adhesive interactions with wood, reactions between model compounds of wood and a model compound of polymeric methylene diphenyl diisocyanate (pMDI) were characterized by solution-state NMR spectroscopy. For comparison, finely ground loblolly pine sapwood, milled-wood lignin and holocellulose from the same wood were isolated and derivatized with... 9. Experimental study of bound states in 12Be through low-energy 11Be(d,p)-transfer reactions DEFF Research Database (Denmark) Johansen, Jacob S.; Bildstein, V.; Borge, M. J. G. 2013-01-01 The bound states of 12Be have been studied through a 11Be(d,p)12Be transfer reaction experiment in inverse kinematics. A 2.8 MeV/u beam of 11Be was produced using the REX-ISOLDE facility at CERN. The outgoing protons were detected with the T-REX silicon detector array. The MINIBALL germanium arra... 10. Manufacture and application of RuO2 solid-state metal-oxide pH sensor to common beverages. Science.gov (United States) Lonsdale, W; Wajrak, M; Alameh, K 2018-04-01 A new reproducible solid-state metal-oxide pH sensor for beverage quality monitoring is developed and characterised. The working electrode of the developed pH sensor is based on the use of laser-etched sputter-deposited RuO 2 on Al 2 O 3 substrate, modified with thin layers of sputter-deposited Ta 2 O 5 and drop-cast Nafion for minimisation of redox interference. The reference electrode is manufactured by further modifying a working electrode with a porous polyvinyl butyral layer loaded with fumed SiO 2 . The developed pH sensor shows excellent performance when applied to a selection of beverage samples, with a measured accuracy within 0.08 pH of a commercial glass pH sensor. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. 11. LHCb: Searches for\\Lambda^0_b$and$\\Xi^0_b$decays to$K^0_{\\mathrm{S}}p\\pi^-$and$K^0_{\\mathrm{S}}pK^-$final states with first observation of the$\\Lambda^0_b \\rightarrow K^0_{\\mathrm{S}}p\\pi^-$decay CERN Multimedia Whitehead, M 2014-01-01 A search for previously unobserved decays of beauty baryons to the final states$K^0_{\\mathrm{S}}p\\pi^-$and$K^0_{\\mathrm{S}}pK^-$is reported. The analysis is based on a data sample corresponding to an integrated luminosity of$1.0\\,\\mathrm{fb}^{-1}$of$pp$collisions. The$\\Lambda^0_b \\rightarrow K^0_{\\mathrm{S}}p\\pi^-$decay is observed for the first time with a significance of$8.6\\,\\sigma$, and a measurement is made of the$CP$asymmetry, which is consistent with zero. No significant signals are seen for$\\Lambda^0_b \\rightarrow K^0_{\\mathrm{S}}pK^-$decays,$\\Xi^0_b$decays to both$K^0_{\\mathrm{S}}p\\pi^-$and$K^0_{\\mathrm{S}}pK^-$final states, and the$\\Lambda^0_b \\rightarrow D^-_s (K^0_{\\mathrm{S}}K^-)p decay, and upper limits on their branching fractions are reported. 12. Local vs Nonlocal States in FeTiO3 Probed with 1s2pRIXS: Implications for Photochemistry. Science.gov (United States) Hunault, Myrtille O J Y; Khan, Wilayat; Minár, Jan; Kroll, Thomas; Sokaras, Dimosthenis; Zimmermann, Patric; Delgado-Jaime, Mario U; de Groot, Frank M F 2017-09-18 Metal-metal charge transfer (MMCT) is expected to be the main mechanism that enables the harvesting of solar light by iron-titanium oxides for photocatalysis. We have studied FeTiO 3 as a model compound for MMCT with 1s2pRIXS at the Fe K-edge. The high-energy resolution XANES enables distinguishing five pre-edge features. The three first well distinct RIXS features are assigned to electric quadrupole transitions to the localized Fe* 3d states, shifted to lower energy by the 1s core-hole. Crystal field multiplet calculations confirm the speciation of divalent iron. The contribution of electric dipole absorption due to local p-d mixing allowed by the trigonal distortion of the cation site is supported by DFT and CFM calculations. The two other nonlocal features are assigned to electric dipole transitions to excited Fe* 4p states mixed with the neighboring Ti 3d states. The comparison with DFT calculations demonstrates that MMCT in ilmenite is favored by the hybridization between the Fe 4p and delocalized Ti 3d orbitals via the O 2p orbitals. 13. Energy, fine structure, and hyperfine structure of the core-excited states 1s2s2pnp 5P (n = 2-5) and 1s2p2mp 5S (m = 2-5) for Li- ion International Nuclear Information System (INIS) Wang, Z.B.; Gou, B.C.; Chen, F. 2006-01-01 The relativistic energies, the oscillator strength, and the lifetimes of high-lying core-excited states 1s2s2pnp 5 P (n=2-5) and 1s2p 2 mp 5 S 0 (m=2-5) of Li - ion are calculated with the saddle-point variational method and restricted variation method. The fine structure and the hyperfine structure of the core-excited states for this system are also explored. The results are compared with other theoretical and experimental data in the literature. The energy obtained in this work are much lower than the others previously published whereas the wavelengths and radiative life-times are in agreement 14. Electron-Phonon Coupling and Resonant Relaxation from 1D and 1P States in PbS Quantum Dots. Science.gov (United States) Kennehan, Eric R; Doucette, Grayson S; Marshall, Ashley R; Grieco, Christopher; Munson, Kyle T; Beard, Matthew C; Asbury, John B 2018-05-31 Observations of the hot-phonon bottleneck, which is predicted to slow the rate of hot carrier cooling in quantum confined nanocrystals, have been limited to date for reasons that are not fully understood. We used time-resolved infrared spectroscopy to directly measure higher energy intraband transitions in PbS colloidal quantum dots. Direct measurements of these intraband transitions permitted detailed analysis of the electronic overlap of the quantum confined states that may influence their relaxation processes. In smaller PbS nanocrystals, where the hot-phonon bottleneck is expected to be most pronounced, we found that relaxation of parity selection rules combined with stronger electron-phonon coupling led to greater spectral overlap of transitions among the quantum confined states. This created pathways for fast energy transfer and relaxation that may bypass the predicted hot-phonon bottleneck. In contrast, larger, but still quantum confined nanocrystals did not exhibit such relaxation of the parity selection rules and possessed narrower intraband states. These observations were consistent with slower relaxation dynamics that have been measured in larger quantum confined systems. These findings indicated that, at small radii, electron-phonon interactions overcome the advantageous increase in energetic separation of the electronic states for PbS quantum dots. Selection of appropriately sized quantum dots, which minimize spectral broadening due to electron-phonon interactions while maximizing electronic state separation, is necessary to observe the hot-phonon bottleneck. Such optimization may provide a framework for achieving efficient hot carrier collection and multiple exciton generation. 15. Spectroscopic constants and potential energy curve of the iodine weakly bound 1u state correlating with the I(2P1/2) + I(2P1/2) dissociation limit International Nuclear Information System (INIS) Akopyan, M E; Baturo, V V; Lukashov, S S; Poretsky, S A; Pravilov, A M 2015-01-01 The stepwise three-step three-color laser population of the I 2 (β1 g , ν β , J β ) rovibronic states via the B0 u + , ν B , J B rovibronic states and rovibronic levels of the 1 u (bb) and 0 g + (bb) states mixed by hyperfine interaction is used for determination of rovibronic level energies of the weakly bound I 2 (1 u (bb)) state. Dunham coefficients of the state, Y i0 (i = 0–3), Y i1 (i = 0–2), Y 02 and Y 12 for the v 1 u  = 1–5, 8, 10, 15 and J 1 u  ≈ 9–87 ranges, the dissociation energy of the state, D e , and equilibrium I–I distance, R e , as well as the potential energy curve are determined. There are aperiodicities in the excitation spectrum corresponding to the β, ν β  = 23, J β  ← 1 u (bb), ν 1u  = 4, 5, J 1u progressions in the I 2  + Rg = He, Ar mixture, namely, a great number of lines which do not coincide with the R or P line progressions. Their positions conflict with the ΔJ-even selection rule. Furthermore, they do not correspond to the ΔJ-odd progression. (paper) 16. Luminescence and excited state dynamics in Bi{sup 3+}-doped LiLaP{sub 4}O{sub 12} phosphates Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB) Babin, V. [Institute of Physics AS CR, Cukrovarnicka 10, 16200 Prague (Czech Republic); Chernenko, K., E-mail: nuclearphys@yandex.ru [Institute of Physics, University of Tartu, Ravila 14c, 50411 Tartu (Estonia); Peter the Great Saint-Petersburg Polytechnic University, Polytekhnicheskaya 29, 195251 St.Petersburg (Russian Federation); Demchenko, P. [Ivan Franko National University of Lviv, Kyryla i Mefodiya 8a, 79005 Lviv (Ukraine); Mihokova, E.; Nikl, M. [Institute of Physics AS CR, Cukrovarnicka 10, 16200 Prague (Czech Republic); Pashuk, I. [Ivan Franko National University of Lviv, Kyryla i Mefodiya 8a, 79005 Lviv (Ukraine); Shalapska, T. [Institute of Physics, University of Tartu, Ravila 14c, 50411 Tartu (Estonia); Voloshinovskii, A. [Ivan Franko National University of Lviv, Kyryla i Mefodiya 8a, 79005 Lviv (Ukraine); Zazubovich, S. [Institute of Physics, University of Tartu, Ravila 14c, 50411 Tartu (Estonia) 2016-08-15 Photo- and X-ray-excited luminescence characteristics of Bi-doped LiLaP{sub 4}O{sub 12} phosphates with different bismuth contents (from 1 to 25 at% in the melt) are investigated in the 4.2–300 K temperature range and compared with the characteristics of the undoped LiLaP{sub 4}O{sub 12} phosphate. The broad 2.95 eV emission band of LiLaP{sub 4}O{sub 12}:Bi excited around 5.4 eV is found to arise from the bismuth dopant. Relatively large FWHM and Stokes shift of the emission band and especially the data on the low-temperature decay kinetics of the 2.95 eV emission and its temperature dependence, indicating a very small spin-orbit splitting energy of the corresponding excited state, allow the conclusion that this emission arises from the radiative decay of the triplet state of an exciton localized around a Bi{sup 3+} ion. No spectral bands are observed, arising from the electron transitions between the energy levels of Bi{sup 3+} ions. Phenomenological model is proposed for the description of the excited state dynamics of the Bi{sup 3+}-related localized exciton in LiLaP{sub 4}O{sub 12}:Bi and the parameters of the triplet localized exciton state are determined. Keywords: Photoluminescence; Time-resolved spectroscopy; Excited states; Bi{sup 3+} centers; LiLaP{sub 4}O{sub 12}:Bi powders. 17. Review of a monograph by P. N. Panchenko «State-legal regularities in the history and theory of state and law and criminal law». Moscow: «Jurisprudence» Publishers, 2014. 518 p. Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden) 2015-12-01 Full Text Available The article analyzes the problem of legislation imperfection in the sphere of normative legal acts adoption as it is studied in the reviewed monograph. The imperfection consists of ignoring the state and legal regularities. The author39s position is discussed that the normativelegal acts should meet not the legislatorsrsquo ambitions but the legitimate interests of citizens and the state. The author emphasizes the practical benefit of those legal measures that are proposed to stabilize the economy. The idea is developed of creating a general theory of crime and the author39s attitude to modern criminology. The author39s attempt is assessed to adjust the criminal law for the strategic challenges facing Russia in different spheres of life. nbsp 18. Recent study for multibaryon states with strangeness in pC interaction at 10 GeV/c Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB) Aslanyan, P. Zh., E-mail: paslanian@jinr.ru [Joint Institute for Nuclear Research (Russian Federation) 2013-08-15 Strange multibaryon states with {Lambda}-hyperon and K{sub s}{sup 0} -meson subsystems has been studied from 700 000 stereo photographs or 10{sup 6} inelastic interactions which was obtained from expose of 2-m propane bubble chamber (PBC) LHEP, JINR to proton beams at 10 GeV/c. The obtained results from PBC can be divided into three subjects: in-medium effects of hadronic particles; baryon spectroscopy; hyper-nucleus production. At present the experimental situation is confused; so is theory. New accelerator research complexes has unique possibility for high-statistic and 4{pi}-geometry study of exotic states. 19. pH-Induced precipitation behavior of weakly basic compounds: determination of extent and duration of supersaturation using potentiometric titration and correlation to solid state properties. Science.gov (United States) Hsieh, Yi-Ling; Ilevbare, Grace A; Van Eerdenbrugh, Bernard; Box, Karl J; Sanchez-Felix, Manuel Vincente; Taylor, Lynne S 2012-10-01 To examine the precipitation and supersaturation behavior of ten weak bases in terms of the relationship between pH-concentration-time profiles and the solid state properties of the precipitated material. Initially the compound was dissolved at low pH, followed by titration with base to induce precipitation. Upon precipitation, small aliquots of acid or base were added to induce slight subsaturation and supersaturation respectively and the resultant pH gradient was determined. The concentration of the unionized species was calculated as a function of time and pH using mass and charge balance equations. Two patterns of behavior were observed in terms of the extent and duration of supersaturation arising following an increase in pH and this behavior could be rationalized based on the crystallization tendency of the compound. For compounds that did not readily crystallize, an amorphous precipitate was formed and a prolonged duration of supersaturation was observed. For compounds that precipitated to crystalline forms, the observed supersaturation was short-lived. This study showed that supersaturation behavior has significant correlation with the solid-state properties of the precipitate and that pH-metric titration methods can be utilized to evaluate the supersaturation behavior. 20. Characteristics and degradation of carbon and phosphorus from aquatic macrophytes in lakes: Insights from solid-state (13)C NMR and solution (31)P NMR spectroscopy. Science.gov (United States) Liu, Shasha; Zhu, Yuanrong; Meng, Wei; He, Zhongqi; Feng, Weiying; Zhang, Chen; Giesy, John P 2016-02-01 Water extractable organic matter (WEOM) derived from macrophytes plays an important role in biogeochemical cycling of nutrients, including carbon (C), nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) in lakes. However, reports of their composition and degradation in natural waters are scarce. Therefore, compositions and degradation of WEOM derived from six aquatic macrophytes species of Tai Lake, China, were investigated by use of solid-state (13)C NMR and solution (31)P NMR spectroscopy. Carbohydrates were the predominant constituents of WEOM fractions, followed by carboxylic acid. Orthophosphate (ortho-P) was the dominant form of P (78.7% of total dissolved P) in the water extracts, followed by monoester P (mono-P) (20.6%) and little diester P (0.65%). The proportion of mono-P in total P species increased with the percentage of O-alkyl and O-C-O increasing in the WEOM, which is likely due to degradation and dissolution of biological membranes and RNA from aquatic plants. Whereas the proportion of mono-P decreased with alkyl-C, NCH/OCH3 and COO/N-C=O increasing, which may be owing to the insoluble compounds including C functional groups of alkyl-C, NCH/OCH3 and COO/N-C=O, such as aliphatic biopolymers, lignin and peptides. Based on the results of this study and information in the literature about water column and sediment, we propose that WEOM, dominated by polysaccharides, are the most labile and bioavailable component in debris of macrophytes. Additionally, these WEOMs would also be a potential source for bioavailable organic P (e.g., RNA, DNA and phytate) for lakes. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. 1. Characteristics and degradation of carbon and phosphorus from aquatic macrophytes in lakes: Insights from solid-state 13C NMR and solution 31P NMR spectroscopy Science.gov (United States) LIU, S. S.; Zhu, Y.; Meng, W.; Wu, F. 2016-12-01 Water extractable organic matter (WEOM) derived from macrophytes plays an important role in biogeochemical cycling of nutrients, including carbon (C), nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) in lakes. However, reports of their composition and degradation in natural waters are scarce. Therefore, compositions and degradation of WEOM derived from six aquatic macrophytes species of Tai Lake, China, were investigated by use of solid-state 13C NMR and solution 31P NMR spectroscopy. Carbohydrates were the predominant constituents of WEOM fractions, followed by carboxylic acid. Orthophosphate (ortho-P) was the dominant form of P (78.7% of total dissolved P) in the water extracts, followed by monoester P (mono-P) (20.6%) and little diester P (0.65%). The proportion of mono-P in total P species increased with the percentage of O-alkyl and O-C-O increasing in the WEOM, which is likely due to degradation and dissolution of biological membranes and RNA from aquatic plants. Whereas the proportion of mono-P decreased with alkyl-C, NCH/OCH3 and COO/N-C=O increasing, which may be owing to the insoluble compounds including C functional groups of alkyl-C, NCH/OCH3 and COO/N-C=O, such as aliphatic biopolymers, lignin and peptides. Based on the results of this study and information in the literature about water column and sediment, we propose that WEOM, dominated by polysaccharides, are the most labile and bioavailable component in debris of macrophytes. Additionally, these WEOMs would also be a potential source for bioavailable organic P (e.g., RNA, DNA and phytate) for lakes. 2. Extension of modified RAND to multiphase flash specifications based on state functions other than (T,P) DEFF Research Database (Denmark) Paterson, Duncan; Michelsen, Michael Locht; Yan, Wei 2017-01-01 The recently proposed modified RAND formulation is extended from isothermal multiphase flash to several other state function based flash specifications. The obtained general formulation is applicable to chemical equilibrium although this study is focused on flash with only phase equilibrium. It i... 3. Intruder states in sd-shell nuclei: from 1p-1t to np-nt in Si isotopes International Nuclear Information System (INIS) Goasduff, A. 2012-01-01 New large-scale shell-model calculations with full 1ℎω valence space for the sd-nuclei has been used for the first time to predict lifetimes of positive and negative parity states in neutron rich Si isotopes. The predicted lifetimes (1 - 100 ps) fall in the range of the differential Doppler shift method. Using the demonstrator of the European next generation γ-ray array, AGATA, in coincidence with the large acceptance PRISMA magnetic spectrometer from LNL (Legnaro) and the differential plunger of the University of Cologne, lifetimes of excited states in 32;33 Si and 35;36 S nuclei were measured. In a second step, the nℎω structure in the stable 28 Si nucleus was also studied. 28 Si is an important nucleus in order to understand the competition between mean-field and cluster structures. It displays a wealth of structures in terms of deformation and clustering. Light heavy-ion resonant radiative capture 12 C+ 16 O has been performed at energies below the Coulomb barrier. The measure γ-spectra indicate for the first time at these energies that the strongest part of the resonance decay proceeds though intermediate states around 10 MeV. Comparisons with previous radiative capture studies above the Coulomb barrier have been performed and the results have been interpreted in terms of a favoured feeding of T=1 states in the 28 Si self-conjugate nucleus. (author) 4. A solution-state NMR approach to elucidating pMDI-wood bonding mechanisms in loblolly pine Science.gov (United States) Daniel Joseph Yelle 2009-01-01 Solution-state NMR spectroscopy is a powerful tool for unambiguously determining the existence or absence of covalent chemical bonds between wood components and adhesives. Finely ground wood cell wall material dissolves in a solvent system containing DMSO-d6 and NMI-d6, keeping wood component polymers intact and in a near-... 5. Contributions of emotional state and attention to the processing of syntactic agreement errors: Evidence from P600 NARCIS (Netherlands) Verhees, M.W.F.T.; Chwilla, D.J.; Tromp, J.; Vissers, C.T.W.M. 2015-01-01 The classic account of language is that language processing occurs in isolation from other cognitive systems, like perception, motor action, and emotion. The central theme of this paper is the relationship between a participant's emotional state and language comprehension. Does emotional context 6. Population Profile of the United States: 1976. Current Population Reports, Population Characteristics, Series P-20, No. 307. Science.gov (United States) Bureau of the Census (DOC), Suitland, MD. Population Div. This booklet summarizes population characteristics of the United States for 1976. A preliminary section of highlights reviews trends in five areas: population growth, social characteristics, population distribution, employment and income, and ethnic groups. The birth rate has declined, and the rate of childlessness has risen. This probably is due… 7. "P.S.-I'm White Too": The Legacy of Evolution, Creationism, and Racism in the United States Science.gov (United States) Moore, Randy; Chung, Carl 2005-01-01 Despite decades of science education reform, creationism remains very popular in the United States. Although neither creationism nor evolution is inherently racist, creationists and evolutionists have used science to justify white supremacy. Powerful racist organizations such as the Ku Klux Klan and popular racist advocates such as Frank Norris… 8. Income, Poverty, and Health Insurance Coverage in the United States: 2012. Current Population Reports P60-245 Science.gov (United States) DeNavas-Walt, Carmen; Proctor, Bernadette D.; Smith, Jessica C. 2013-01-01 This report presents data on income, poverty, and health insurance coverage in the United States based on information collected in the 2013 and earlier Current Population Survey Annual Social and Economic Supplements (CPS ASEC) conducted by the U.S. Census Bureau. For most groups, the 2012 income, poverty, and health insurance estimates were not… 9. Search for a narrow baryonic state decaying to pK{sup 0}{sub S} and anti pK{sup 0}{sub S} in deep inelastic scattering at HERA Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB) Abramowicz, H. [Tel Aviv Univ. (Israel). School of Physics; Max-Planck-Institute for Physics, Munich (Germany); Abt, I. [Max-Planck-Institute for Physics, Munich (Germany); Adamczyk, L. [AGH-Univ. of Science and Technology, Krakow (Poland). Faculty of Physics and Applied Computer Science; Collaboration: ZEUS Collaboration; and others 2016-06-15 A search for a narrow baryonic state in the pK{sup 0}{sub S} and anti pK{sup 0}{sub S} system has been performed in ep collisions at HERA with the ZEUS detector using an integrated luminosity of 358 pb{sup -1} taken in 2003-2007. The search was performed with deep inelastic scattering events at an ep centre-of-mass energy of 318 GeV for exchanged photon virtuality, Q{sup 2}, between 20 and 100 GeV{sup 2}. Contrary to evidence presented for such a state around 1.52 GeV in a previous ZEUS analysis using a sample of 121 pb{sup -1} taken in 1996-2000, no resonance peak was found in the p(anti p)K{sup 0}{sub S} invariant-mass distribution in the range 1.45-1.7 GeV. Upper limits on the production cross section are set. 10. Study of nuclear reactions and analog isobar states in the system He8 + p for low energy with the help of MAYA active target International Nuclear Information System (INIS) Demonchy, Ch.E. 2003-12-01 With the resent improvements in the field of exotics beams, and specially with the SPIRAL facility at GANIL, we were able to study He 9 shell inversion already known for Be 11 and Li 10 , which are two members of the N=7 family. A new detector was developed and also the software tools for the data analysis. This detector is at the same time the target (active-target) and is called MAYA. The He 9 was studied by determining the properties of its isobaric analogue states in Li 9 . The characteristics of the IAS (isomeric analog state) states were determined by an analysis of the resonances in the elastic scattering cross section for He 8 + p from 2 up to 3.9 MeV/n. A study of (p,d) and (p,t) reactions was done too, in this domain of energy. By comparing the experimental results with calculations, an assignation of spin and parity for two states in He 9 was possible. (author) 11. Investigation of deep inelastic scattering processes involving large p$_{t}$ direct photons in the final state CERN Multimedia 2002-01-01 This experiment will investigate various aspects of photon-parton scattering and will be performed in the H2 beam of the SPS North Area with high intensity hadron beams up to 350 GeV/c. \\\\\\\\ a) The directly produced photon yield in deep inelastic hadron-hadron collisions. Large p$_{t}$ direct photons from hadronic interactions are presumably a result of a simple annihilation process of quarks and antiquarks or of a QCD-Compton process. The relative contribution of the two processes can be studied by using various incident beam projectiles $\\pi^{+}, \\pi^{-}, p$ and in the future $\\bar{p}$. \\\\\\\\b) The correlations between directly produced photons and their accompanying hadronic jets. We will examine events with a large p$_{t}$ direct photon for away-side jets. If jets are recognised their properties will be investigated. Differences between a gluon and a quark jet may become observable by comparing reactions where valence quark annihilations (away-side jet originates from a gluon) dominate over the QDC-Compton... 12. Lipid Dynamics Studied by Calculation of 31P Solid-State NMR Spectra Using Ensembles from Molecular Dynamics Simulations DEFF Research Database (Denmark) Hansen, Sara Krogh; Vestergaard, Mikkel; Thøgersen, Lea 2014-01-01 , for example, order parameters. Therefore, valuable insight into the dynamics of biomolecules may be achieved by the present method. We have applied this method to study the dynamics of lipid bilayers containing the antimicrobial peptide alamethicin, and we show that the calculated 31P spectra obtained... 13. Molten Globule-Like Partially Folded State of Bacillus licheniformis α-Amylase at Low pH Induced by 1,1,1,3,3,3-Hexafluoroisopropanol Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden) 2014-01-01 Full Text Available Effect of 1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoroisopropanol (HFIP on acid-denatured Bacillus licheniformis α-amylase (BLA at pH 2.0 was investigated by far-UV CD, intrinsic fluorescence, and ANS fluorescence measurements. Addition of increasing HFIP concentrations led to an increase in the mean residue ellipticity at 222 nm (MRE222 nm up to 1.5 M HFIP concentration beyond which it sloped off. A small increase in the intrinsic fluorescence and a marked increase in the ANS fluorescence were also observed up to 0.4 M HFIP concentration, both of which decreased thereafter. Far- and near-UV CD spectra of the HFIP-induced state observed at 0.4 M HFIP showed significant retention of the secondary structures closer to native BLA but a disordered tertiary structure. Increase in the ANS fluorescence intensity was also observed with the HFIP-induced state, suggesting exposure of the hydrophobic clusters to the solvent. Furthermore, thermal denaturation of HFIP-induced state showed a non-cooperative transition. Taken together, all these results suggested that HFIP-induced state of BLA represented a molten globule-like state at pH 2.0. 14. Development of n- and p-type Doped Perovskite Single Crystals Using Solid-State Single Crystal Growth (SSCG) Technique Science.gov (United States) 2017-10-09 for AGG should be minimal. For this purpose, the seeds for AGG may also be provided externally. This process is called the solid-state single...bonding process . Figure 31 shows (a) the growth of one large single crystal from one small single crystal seed as well as (b) the growth of one...one bi-crystal seed : One large bi-crystal can be grown from one small bi-crystal by SSCG process . Fig. 32. Diffusion bonding process for 15. KCC2-dependent Steady-state Intracellular Chloride Concentration and pH in Cortical Layer 2/3 Neurons of Anesthetized and Awake Mice Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden) Juan C. Boffi 2018-01-01 Full Text Available Neuronal intracellular Cl− concentration ([Cl−]i influences a wide range of processes such as neuronal inhibition, membrane potential dynamics, intracellular pH (pHi or cell volume. Up to date, neuronal [Cl−]i has predominantly been studied in model systems of reduced complexity. Here, we implemented the genetically encoded ratiometric Cl− indicator Superclomeleon (SCLM to estimate the steady-state [Cl−]i in cortical neurons from anesthetized and awake mice using 2-photon microscopy. Additionally, we implemented superecliptic pHluorin (SE-pHluorin as a ratiometric sensor to estimate the intracellular steady-state pH (pHi of mouse cortical neurons in vivo. We estimated an average resting [Cl−]i of 6 ± 2 mM with no evidence of subcellular gradients in the proximal somato-dendritic domain and an average somatic pHi of 7.1 ± 0.2. Neither [Cl−]i nor pHi were affected by isoflurane anesthesia. We deleted the cation-Cl− co-transporter KCC2 in single identified neurons of adult mice and found an increase of [Cl−]i to approximately 26 ± 8 mM, demonstrating that under in vivo conditions KCC2 produces low [Cl−]i in adult mouse neurons. In summary, neurons of the brain of awake adult mice exhibit a low and evenly distributed [Cl−]i in the proximal somato-dendritic compartment that is independent of anesthesia and requires KCC2 expression for its maintenance. 16. Investigation of the 34S(p,γ)35Cl reaction and resonant absorption applied to the excitation of bound states International Nuclear Information System (INIS) Sparks, R.J. 1976-01-01 The yield curve of the reaction 34 S(p,γ) 35 Cl has been measured over the energy range Esub(p) = 1.95 - 2.91 MeV. Proton energies and strengths of 84 resonances are given. The decay schemes of 38 selected resonances have been studied, and for these branching ratios and spin limits are presented. Angular distributions have been measured at four 34 S(p,γ) 35 Cl resonances, at Esub(x) = 8.63, 8.64, 8.95 and 9.08 MeV, giving spin-parity assignments Jsup(π) = 7/2 - , (3/2,5/2), 3/2 + and 5/2, respectively. Spins and parities have been determined for bound states at Esub(x) = 3.92, 4.11, 4.85 and 5.16 MeV, as Jsup(π) = 3/2 + , 7/2 + , (1/2,3/2), 7/2 - , respectively. Branching and mixing ratios have been obtained for the decay of the states at Esub(x) = 3.92, 4.11, 4.35 and 5.16 MeV. Transition strengths are presented for the first three of these. A resonant absorption experiment at the Esub(p) = 2.79 MeV resonance gives for the resonance width GAMMA = 65 +- 20 eV, and also determines the partial widths GAMMAsub(γ), GAMMAsub(p) and GAMMAsub(p1). The level at 7064.3 +- 0.5 keV in 208 Pb has been excited in a resonant absorption experiment by Doppler shifted γ-radiation from the 34 S(p,γ) 35 Cl reaction at Esub(p) = 1974 keV. (Auth.) 17. Sparse "1"3C labelling for solid-state NMR studies of P. pastoris expressed eukaryotic seven-transmembrane proteins International Nuclear Information System (INIS) Liu, Jing; Liu, Chang; Fan, Ying; Munro, Rachel A.; Ladizhansky, Vladimir; Brown, Leonid S.; Wang, Shenlin 2016-01-01 We demonstrate a novel sparse "1"3C labelling approach for methylotrophic yeast P. pastoris expression system, towards solid-state NMR studies of eukaryotic membrane proteins. The labelling scheme was achieved by co-utilizing natural abundance methanol and specifically "1"3C labelled glycerol as carbon sources in the expression medium. This strategy improves the spectral resolution by 1.5 fold, displays site-specific labelling patterns, and has advantages for collecting long-range distance restraints for structure determination of large eukaryotic membrane proteins by solid-state NMR. 18. 12C(d,p) 13C reaction at Esub(d) = 30 MeV to the positive-parity states in 13C International Nuclear Information System (INIS) Ohnuma, H.; Hoshino, N.; Mikoshiba, O. 1985-07-01 The 12 C(d, p) 13 C reaction has been studied at Esub(d) = 30 MeV. All the known positive-parity states of 13 C below 10 MeV in excitation energy, including the 7/2 + and 9/2 + states, are observed in this reaction. The angular distributions for these positive-parity bound and unbound states are analyzed in CCBA frame work. The 13 C wave functions, which reproduce the resonant and non-resonant scattering of neutrons from 12 C, also give good accounts of the experimentally observed angular distributions and energy spectra of outgoing protons in the 12 C(d, p) 13 C reaction. In most cases the cross section magnitude and the angular distribution shape are primarily determined by the 0 + x j component, even if it is only a small fraction of the total wave function. An exception is the 7/2 + state, where the main contribution comes from the 2 + x dsub(5/2) component. The inclusion of the 4 + state in 12 C and the gsub(9/2) and gsub(7/2) neutron components in the n + 12 C system has very small effects on the low-spin states, but is indispensable for a good fit to the 7/2 + and 9/2 + angular distributions. The transitions to the negative-parity states, 1/2 1 - , 3/2 1 - , 5/2 - , 7/2 - and 1/2 3 - , are also observed experimentally, and analyzed by DWBA. (author) 19. Observation of the narrow state X (3872) → J/ψπ+π- in p-barp collisions at √s = 1.96 Tev International Nuclear Information System (INIS) Acosta, D.; CDF Collaboration 2004-01-01 The authors report the observation of a narrow state decaying into J/ψπ + π - and produced in 220 pb -1 of (bar p)p collisions at √s = 1.96 TeV in the CDF II experiment. They observe 730 ± 90 decays. The mass is measured to be 3871.3 ± 0.7(stat) ± 0.4(syst) MeV/c 2 , with an observed width consistent with the detector resolution. This is in agreement with the recent observation by the Belle Collaboration of the X(3872) meson 20. States in 118Sn from 117Sn(d,p) 118Sn at 12 MeV International Nuclear Information System (INIS) Frota-Pessoa, E. 1983-01-01 118 Sn energy levels up to = 5.2 MeV excitation energy are studied in the reaction 117 Sn (d,p) 118 Sn. Deuterons had a bombarding energy of 12 MeV. The protons were analized by a magnetic spectrograph. The detector was nuclear emulsion and the resolution in energy about 10 KeV. The distorted-wave analysis was used to determine l values and spectroscopic strengths. Centers of gravity and the sums of reduced spectroscopic factors are presented for the levels when it was possible to determine the S' value. 66 levels of excitation energy were found which did not appear in previous 117 Sn (d,p) reactions. 40 levels were not found previously in any reaction giving 118 Sn. The results are compared with the known ones. (Author) [pt 1. Two global conformation states of a novel NAD(P) reductase like protein of the thermogenic appendix of the Sauromatum guttatum inflorescence. Science.gov (United States) Skubatz, Hanna; Howald, William N 2013-06-01 A novel NAD(P) reductase like protein (RL) belonging to a class of reductases involved in phenylpropanoid synthesis was previously purified to homogeneity from the Sauromatum guttatum appendix. The Sauromatum appendix raises its temperature above ambient temperature to ~30 °C on the day of inflorescence opening (D-day). Changes in the charge state distribution of the protein in electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry spectra were observed during the development of the appendix. RL adopted two conformations, state A (an extended state) that appeared before heat-production (D - 4 to D - 2), and state B (a compact state) that began appearing on D - 1 and reached a maximum on D-day. RL in healthy leaves of Arabidopsis is present in state A, whereas in thermogenic sporophylls of male cones of Encephalartos ferox is present in state B. These conformational changes strongly suggest an involvement of RL in heat-production. The biophysical properties of this protein are remarkable. It is self-assembled in aqueous solutions into micrometer sizes of organized morphologies. The assembly produces a broad range of cyclic and linear morphologies that resemble micelles, rods, lamellar micelles, as well as vesicles. The assemblies could also form network structures. RL molecules entangle with each other and formed branched, interconnected networks. These unusual assemblies suggest that RL is an oligomer, and its oligomerization can provide additional information needed for thermoregulation. We hypothesize that state A controls the plant basal temperature and state B allows a shift in the temperature set point to above ambient temperature. 2. XPS study of the Ln 5p,4f-electronic states of lanthanides in Ln2O3 International Nuclear Information System (INIS) Teterin, Yu.A.; Teterin, A.Yu.; Utkin, I.O.; Ryzhkov, M.V. 2004-01-01 The present work analyses the fine structure of the low binding energy (E b , 0-50 eV) X-ray photoelectron spectra XPS of lanthanide (La through Lu excepted for Pm) oxides, and compares it with the non-relativistic X α -discrete variation calculation results for the clusters reflecting the close environment of lanthanides in oxides. The obtained results show that the Ln 4f n -electrons of lanthanides in oxides by their spectral parameters have much in common with the M 3d-electrons in oxides of the 3d-transition metals. According to these data, the Ln 4f shell of lanthanides is rather outer and can participate in the formation of molecular orbitals in compounds. The XPS data at least do not contradict the theoretical suggestion about the significant participation of the Ln 4f-electrons in formation of the molecular orbitals in the studied materials. The spectra in the Ln 5p-O 2s binding energy region of the studied lanthanide oxides were found to exhibit the complicated structure instead of separated peaks due to the electrons of the Ln 5p 3/2,5/2 and O 2s atomic shells. Taking into account the energy differences between the inner (Ln 3d) and outer (Ln 5p) electronic shells for some metallic lanthanides and their oxides, the Ln 5p atomic shells were shown to participate in the formation of the inner valence molecular orbitals (IVMO). That agrees qualitatively with the calculation results 3. Relaxation of atomic state multipoles by radiation re-absorption: Neon 2p2 atoms in a discharge plasma International Nuclear Information System (INIS) Nimura, M.; Imagawa, T.; Hasuo, M.; Fujimoto, T. 2005-01-01 In a positive column of a glow discharge in the magnetic field of 36.4G, a linearly polarized laser pulse or a circularly polarized laser pulse has produced polarized neon atoms (alignment or orientation) in the 2p 2 (Paschen notation) level from the 1s 3 level. The subsequent fluorescence to the 1s 2 level was observed with its polarized components resolved. Depopulation, disorientation and disalignment rates of the 2p 2 atom were measured and their discharge current dependences were examined for a discharge current from 0.4 to 2.0mA. The degrees of radiation re-absorption, or the optical thickness, of the transition lines from the 2p 2 level to the 1s 2 -1s 5 levels were measured as functions of the discharge current. A Monte Carlo simulation was performed by which the depopulation, disorientation and disalignment rates by the radiation re-absorption for these transitions were determined. The calculated rates were compared with the observed ones and found to reproduce the their discharge current dependences. D'Yankonov and Perel's analytical expression for these rates was quantified from comparison with the Monte Carlo results 4. Characteristics and degradation of carbon and phosphorus from aquatic macrophytes in lakes: Insights from solid-state {sup 13}C NMR and solution {sup 31}P NMR spectroscopy Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB) Liu, Shasha [College of Water Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875 (China); State Key Laboratory of Environment Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012 (China); Zhu, Yuanrong, E-mail: zhuyuanrong07@mails.ucas.ac.cn [State Key Laboratory of Environment Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012 (China); Meng, Wei, E-mail: mengwei@craes.org.cn [State Key Laboratory of Environment Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012 (China); He, Zhongqi [USDA-ARS Southern Regional Research Center, 1100 Robert E Lee Blvd, New Orleans, LA 70124 (United States); Feng, Weiying [College of Water Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875 (China); State Key Laboratory of Environment Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012 (China); Zhang, Chen [State Key Laboratory of Environment Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012 (China); Giesy, John P. [State Key Laboratory of Environment Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012 (China); Department of Biomedical and Veterinary Biosciences and Toxicology Centre, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan (Canada) 2016-02-01 Water extractable organic matter (WEOM) derived from macrophytes plays an important role in biogeochemical cycling of nutrients, including carbon (C), nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) in lakes. However, reports of their composition and degradation in natural waters are scarce. Therefore, compositions and degradation of WEOM derived from six aquatic macrophytes species of Tai Lake, China, were investigated by use of solid-state {sup 13}C NMR and solution {sup 31}P NMR spectroscopy. Carbohydrates were the predominant constituents of WEOM fractions, followed by carboxylic acid. Orthophosphate (ortho-P) was the dominant form of P (78.7% of total dissolved P) in the water extracts, followed by monoester P (mono-P) (20.6%) and little diester P (0.65%). The proportion of mono-P in total P species increased with the percentage of O-alkyl and O–C–O increasing in the WEOM, which is likely due to degradation and dissolution of biological membranes and RNA from aquatic plants. Whereas the proportion of mono-P decreased with alkyl-C, NCH/OCH{sub 3} and COO/N–C=O increasing, which may be owing to the insoluble compounds including C functional groups of alkyl-C, NCH/OCH{sub 3} and COO/N–C=O, such as aliphatic biopolymers, lignin and peptides. Based on the results of this study and information in the literature about water column and sediment, we propose that WEOM, dominated by polysaccharides, are the most labile and bioavailable component in debris of macrophytes. Additionally, these WEOMs would also be a potential source for bioavailable organic P (e.g., RNA, DNA and phytate) for lakes. - Highlights: • WEOM derived from aquatic macrophytes was characterized. • C and P in WEOM were characterized by solid {sup 13}C NMR and solution {sup 31}P NMR. • Degradation and transformation of macrophyte-derived C and P were investigated. • Macrophyte-derived WEOM are important source for bioavailable nutrients in lakes. 5. Search for a narrow baryonic state decaying to pKS0 and p‾KS0 in deep inelastic scattering at HERA Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden) H. Abramowicz 2016-08-01 Full Text Available A search for a narrow baryonic state in the pKS0 and p‾KS0 system has been performed in ep collisions at HERA with the ZEUS detector using an integrated luminosity of 358pb−1 taken in 2003–2007. The search was performed with deep inelastic scattering events at an ep centre-of-mass energy of 318GeV for exchanged photon virtuality, Q2, between 20 and 100GeV2. Contrary to evidence presented for such a state around 1.52 GeV in a previous ZEUS analysis using a sample of 121 pb−1 taken in 1996–2000, no resonance peak was found in the p(p‾KS0 invariant-mass distribution in the range 1.45–1.7 GeV. Upper limits on the production cross section are set. 6. Electron-photon angular correlation measurements for excitation of the 2P state of hydrogen at 55 and 100 eV International Nuclear Information System (INIS) Slevin, J.; Eminyan, M.; Woolsey, J.M.; Vassilev, G.; Porter, H.Q. 1980-01-01 Electron-photon angular correlations have been measured for excitation of the 2P state of hydrogen at incident energies of 55 and 100 eV. The data presented extend the results of Weigold and co-workers (Flinders Univ. preprint (1980)) to smaller scattering angles and reveal the existence of a deep minimum in the parameter lambda thetasub(e) = 10 0 at and incident electron energy of 100 eV. (author) 7. Density of atoms in Ar*(3p5 4s) states and gas temperatures in an argon surfatron plasma measured by tunable laser spectroscopy NARCIS (Netherlands) Hübner, S.; Sadeghi, N.; Carbone, E.A.D.; Mullen, van der J.J.A.M. 2013-01-01 This study presents the absolute argon 1 s (in Paschens’s notation) densities and the gas temperature, Tg, obtained in a surfatron plasma in the pressure range 0:65 <p <100 mbar. The absorption signals of 772.38, 772.42, 810.37, and 811.53 nm lines, absorbed by atoms in 1s3, 1s4,and 1s5 states, were 8. In vivo (31) P MRS assessment of intracellular NAD metabolites and NAD(+) /NADH redox state in human brain at 4 T. Science.gov (United States) Lu, Ming; Zhu, Xiao-Hong; Chen, Wei 2016-07-01 9. Can the watershed non-point phosphorus pollution be interpreted by critical soil properties? A new insight of different soil P states. Science.gov (United States) Lin, Chen; Ma, Ronghua; Xiong, Junfeng 2018-07-01 The physicochemical properties of surface soil play a key role in the fate of watershed non-point source pollution. Special emphasis is needed to identify soil properties that are sensitive to both particulate P (PP) pollution and dissolved P (DP) pollution, which is essential for watershed environmental management. The Chaohu Lake basin, a typical eutrophic lake in China, was selected as the study site. The spatial features of the Non-point Source (NPS) PP loads and DP loads were calculated simultaneously based on the integration of sediment delivery distributed model (SEDD) and pollution loads (PLOAD) model. Then several critical physicochemical soil properties, especially various soil P compositions, were innovatively introduced to determine the response of the critical soil properties to NPS P pollution. The findings can be summarized: i) the mean PP load value of the different sub-basins was 5.87 kg, and PP pollution is regarded to be the primary NPS P pollution state, while the DP loads increased rapidly under the rapid urbanization process. ii) iron-bound phosphorus (Fe-P) and aluminum-bound phosphorus (Al-P) are the main components of available P and showed the most sensitive responses to NPS PP pollution, and the correlation coefficients were approximately 0.9. Otherwise, the residual phosphorus (Res-P) was selected as a sensitive soil P state that was significantly negatively correlated with the DP loads. iii) The DP and PP concentrations were represented differently when they were correlated with various soil properties, and the clay proportion was strongly negatively related to the PP loads. Meanwhile, there is a non-linear relationship between the DP loads and the critical soil properties, such as Fe and Total Nitrogen (TN) concentrations. Specifically, a strong inhibitory effect of TN concentration on the DP load was apparent in the Nanfei river (NF) and Paihe (PH) river basins where the R 2 reached 0.67, which contrasts with the relatively poor 10. The purification and steady-state kinetic behaviour of rabbit heart mitochondrial NAD(P)+ malic enzyme. OpenAIRE Davisson, V J; Schulz, A R 1985-01-01 The mitochondrial NAD(P)+ malic enzyme [EC 1.1.1.39, L-malate:NAD+ oxidoreductase (decarboxylating)] was purified from rabbit heart to a specific activity of 7 units (mumol/min)/mg at 23 degrees C. A study of the reductive carboxylation reaction indicates that this enzymic reaction is reversible. The rate of the reductive carboxylation reaction appears to be completely inhibited at an NADH concentration of 0.92 mM. A substrate saturation curve of this reaction with NADH as the varied substrat... 11. The α-helical C-terminal domain of full-length recombinant PrP converts to an in-register parallel β-sheet structure in PrP fibrils: evidence from solid state nuclear magnetic resonance. Science.gov (United States) Tycko, Robert; Savtchenko, Regina; Ostapchenko, Valeriy G; Makarava, Natallia; Baskakov, Ilia V 2010-11-09 We report the results of solid state nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) measurements on amyloid fibrils formed by the full-length prion protein PrP (residues 23−231, Syrian hamster sequence). Measurements of intermolecular 13C−13C dipole−dipole couplings in selectively carbonyl-labeled samples indicate that β-sheets in these fibrils have an in-register parallel structure, as previously observed in amyloid fibrils associated with Alzheimer’s disease and type 2 diabetes and in yeast prion fibrils. Two-dimensional 13C−13C and 15N−13C solid state NMR spectra of a uniformly 15N- and 13C-labeled sample indicate that a relatively small fraction of the full sequence, localized to the C-terminal end, forms the structurally ordered, immobilized core. Although unique site-specific assignments of the solid state NMR signals cannot be obtained from these spectra, analysis with a Monte Carlo/simulated annealing algorithm suggests that the core is comprised primarily of residues in the 173−224 range. These results are consistent with earlier electron paramagnetic resonance studies of fibrils formed by residues 90−231 of the human PrP sequence, formed under somewhat different conditions [Cobb, N. J., Sonnichsen, F. D., McHaourab, H., and Surewicz, W. K. (2007) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 104, 18946−18951], suggesting that an in-register parallel β-sheet structure formed by the C-terminal end may be a general feature of PrP fibrils prepared in vitro. 12. Complex network inference from P300 signals: Decoding brain state under visual stimulus for able-bodied and disabled subjects Science.gov (United States) Gao, Zhong-Ke; Cai, Qing; Dong, Na; Zhang, Shan-Shan; Bo, Yun; Zhang, Jie 2016-10-01 Distinguishing brain cognitive behavior underlying disabled and able-bodied subjects constitutes a challenging problem of significant importance. Complex network has established itself as a powerful tool for exploring functional brain networks, which sheds light on the inner workings of the human brain. Most existing works in constructing brain network focus on phase-synchronization measures between regional neural activities. In contrast, we propose a novel approach for inferring functional networks from P300 event-related potentials by integrating time and frequency domain information extracted from each channel signal, which we show to be efficient in subsequent pattern recognition. In particular, we construct brain network by regarding each channel signal as a node and determining the edges in terms of correlation of the extracted feature vectors. A six-choice P300 paradigm with six different images is used in testing our new approach, involving one able-bodied subject and three disabled subjects suffering from multiple sclerosis, cerebral palsy, traumatic brain and spinal-cord injury, respectively. We then exploit global efficiency, local efficiency and small-world indices from the derived brain networks to assess the network topological structure associated with different target images. The findings suggest that our method allows identifying brain cognitive behaviors related to visual stimulus between able-bodied and disabled subjects. 13. Charmless non-leptonic Bs decays to PP, PV and VV final states in the pQCD approach International Nuclear Information System (INIS) Ali, A.; Kramer, G. 2007-03-01 We calculate the CP-averaged branching ratios and CP-violating asymmetries of a number of two-body charmless hadronic decays B s 0 →PP,PV,VV in the perturbative QCD (pQCD) approach to leading order in α s (here P and V denote light pseudoscalar and vector mesons, respectively). The mixinginduced CP violation parameters are also calculated for these decays. We also predict the polarization fractions of B s →VV decays and find that the transverse polarizations are enhanced in some penguin dominated decays such as B s 0 →K * K * , K * ρ. Some of the predictions worked out here can already be confronted with the recently available data from the CDF collaboration on the branching ratios for the decays B s 0 →K + π - , B s 0 →K + K - and the CP-asymmetry in the decay B s 0 →K + π - , and are found to be in agreement within the current errors. A large number of predictions for the branching ratios, CP-asymmetries and vector-meson polarizations in B s 0 decays, presented in this paper and compared with the already existing results in other theoretical frameworks, will be put to stringent experimental tests in forthcoming experiments at Fermilab, LHC and Super B-factories. (orig.) 14. BCVEGPY2.0: An upgraded version of the generator BCVEGPY with the addition of hadroproduction of the P-wave B states Science.gov (United States) Chang, Chao-Hsi; Wang, Jian-Xiong; Wu, Xing-Gang 2006-02-01 The generator BCVEGPY is upgraded by improving some of its features and by adding the hadroproduction of the P-wave excited B states (denoted by BcJ,L=1∗ or by hB_c and χB_c). In order to make the generator more efficient, we manipulate the amplitude as compact as possible with special effort. The correctness of the program is tested by various checks. We denote it as BCVEGPY2.0. As for the added part of the P-wave production, only the dominant gluon-gluon fusion mechanism ( gg→BcJ,L=1∗+c¯+b) is taken into account. Moreover, in the program, not only the ability to compute the contributions from the color-singlet components ( to the P-wave production but also the ability to compute the contributions from the color-octet components ( are available. With BCVEGPY2.0 the contributions from the two 'color components' to the production of each of the P-wave states may be computed separately by an option, furthermore, besides individually the event samples of the S-wave and P-wave ( cb¯)-heavy-quarkonium in various correct (realistic) mixtures can be generated by relevant options too. Program summaryTitle of program: BCVEGPY Version: 2.0 (December, 2004) Catalogue identifier: ADWQ Program summary URL:http://cpc.cs.qub.ac.uk/summaries/ADWQ Program obtained from: CPC Program Library, Queen's University of Belfast, N. Ireland Reference to original program: ADTJ (BCVEGPY1.0) Reference in CPC: Comput. Phys. Comm. 159 (2004) 192 Does the new version supersede the old program: yes Computer: Any computer with FORTRAN 77 or 90 compiler. The program has been tested on HP-SC45 Sigma-X parallel computer, Linux PCs and Windows PCs with Visual Fortran Operating systems: UNIX, Linux and Windows Programming language used: FORTRAN 77/90 Memory required to execute with typical data: About 2.0 MB No. of lines in distributed program, including test data, etc.: 124 297 No. of bytes in distributed program, including test data, etc.: 1 137 177 Distribution format: tar.g2 Nature of 15. Searches for violation of the combined space reflection (P) and time reversal (T) symmetry in solid state experiments International Nuclear Information System (INIS) Sushkov, O.P. 2002-01-01 Full text: Electric dipole moment (EDM) of an elementary particle is a manifestation of the violation of the fundamental TP-symmetry. Because of the CRT-theorem TP-violation is related to CP-violation. Present experimental limitations on electron and neutron EDM as well as limitations on nuclear Schiff moments impose important constrains on physics beyond the standard model. Unfortunately the standard approaches for search of EDM in atomic, molecular, and neutron experiments are close to their sensitivity limit. There are novel suggestions for searches of the fundamental TP-violation in solid state experiments. Two groups lead by Lamoreaux (Los Alamos) and Hunter (Amherst college) are preparing these experiments. We calculate the expected effect. The improvement of sensitivity compared to the present level can reach 6-8 orders of magnitude! 16. Electron impact excitation of helium: A ploarization correlation study of the 31P state at 40 eV incident energy International Nuclear Information System (INIS) Harris, C.L.; Dorio, L.A.; Neill, P.A. 1996-01-01 Recently the Convergent Close-Coupling calculations, (CCC), of Fursa and Bray have been very successful predicting the behavior of the electron impact coherence parameters (EICP) for electron impact excitation of helium. In the present experimental study the linear Stokes parameters P 1 and P 2 have been measured for He(3 1 P) excitation using the polarization correlation technique. Data will be presented for electron impact energies of 40eV and 50eV. At present no other experimental data is available at 40eV. At 50eV angular correlation data measured using the VUV 3 1 P-1 1 S photons are available only out to a maximum electron scattering angle of 85 degrees. Due to the disadvantageous differential cross section and 40:1 branching ratio in favor of the VUV decay, the uncertainties in the present data are large. However, at selected electron scattering angles they are sufficient to distinguish the lack of convergence of the CCC predictions for the 69 state calculations (CCC69) in comparison with the 75 state model (CCC75). In particular at 50 eV incident electron energy and 120 degrees scattering angle the charge cloud alignment angles predicted by the two calculations differ by 90 degrees 17. Analyzing powers for (p,t) transitions to the first-excited 2+ states of medium-mass nuclei and nuclear collective motions International Nuclear Information System (INIS) Nagano, K.; Aoki, Y.; Kishimoto, T.; Yagi, K. 1983-01-01 Vector analyzing powers A(theta) and differential cross sections σ(theta) have been measured, with the use of a polarized proton beam of 22.0 MeV and a magnetic spectrograph, for (p,t) reactions leading to the first-excited 2 + (2 1 + ) states of the following eighteen nuclei of N = 50 - 82: sup(92,94,96)Mo, sup(98,100,102)Ru, sup(102,104,106,108)Pd, sup(110,112,114)Cd, 116 Sn, sup(120,126,128)Te, and 136 Ba. In addition A(theta) and σ(theta) for sup(104,110)Pd(p,t) sup(102,108) Pd(0sub(g) + ,2 1 + ) transitions have been measured at Esub(p) = 52.2 MeV. The experimental results are analyzed in terms of the first- and second-order DWBA including both inelastic two-step processes and sequential transfer (p,d)(d,t) two-step processes. Inter-ference effect between the direct and the two-step processes is found to play an essential role in the (p,t) reactions. A sum-rule method for calculating the (p,d)(d,t) spectroscopic amplitudes has been developed so as to take into account the ground-state correlation in odd-A nuclei. The nuclear-structure wave functions are constructed under the boson expansion method and the quasiparticle random phase approximation (qp RPA) method by using the monopole-pairing, quadrupole-pairing, and QQ forces. The characteristic features of the experimental A(theta) and σ(theta) are better explained in terms of the boson expansion method than in terms of the qp RPA. Dependence of the (p,t) analyzing powers on the static electric quadrupole moment of the 2 1 + state is found to be strong because of the reorientation (anharmonic) effect in the 2 1 + yiedls 2 1 + transfer process. (J.P.N.) 18. Hydrothermally formed three-dimensional hexagon-like P doped Ni(OH)2 rod arrays for high performance all-solid-state asymmetric supercapacitors Science.gov (United States) Li, Kunzhen; Li, Shikuo; Huang, Fangzhi; Lu, Yan; Wang, Lei; Chen, Hong; Zhang, Hui 2018-01-01 Three dimensional hexagon-like phosphrous (P) doped Ni(OH)2 rod arrays grown on Ni foam (NF) are fabricated by a facile and green one-step hydrothermal process. Ni foam is only reacted in a certain concentration of P containing H2O2 aqueous solution. The possible growth mechanism of the P doped Ni(OH)2 rod arrays is discussed. As a battery-type electrode material in situ formed on Ni foam, the binder-free P doped Ni(OH)2 rod arrays electrode displays a ultrahigh specific areal capacitance of 2.11C cm-2 (3.51 F cm-2) at 2 mA cm-2, and excellent cycling stability (95.5% capacitance retention after 7500 cycles). The assembled all-solid-state asymmetric supercapacitor (AAS) based on such P doped Ni(OH)2 rod arrays as the positive electrode and activated carbon as the negative electrode achieves an energy density of 81.3 Wh kg-1 at the power density of 635 W kg-1. The AAS device also exhibits excellent practical performance, which can easily drive an electric fan (3 W rated power) when two AAS devices are assembled in series. Thus, our synthesized P doped Ni(OH)2 rod arrays has a lot of potential applications in future energy storage prospects. 19. A solid-state thin-film Ag/AgCl reference electrode coated with graphene oxide and its use in a pH sensor. Science.gov (United States) Kim, Tae Yong; Hong, Sung A; Yang, Sung 2015-03-17 In this study, we describe a novel solid-state thin-film Ag/AgCl reference electrode (SSRE) that was coated with a protective layer of graphene oxide (GO). This layer was prepared by drop casting a solution of GO on the Ag/AgCl thin film. The potential differences exhibited by the SSRE were less than 2 mV for 26 days. The cyclic voltammograms of the SSRE were almost similar to those of a commercial reference electrode, while the diffusion coefficient of Fe(CN)63- as calculated from the cathodic peaks of the SSRE was 6.48 × 10-6 cm2/s. The SSRE was used in conjunction with a laboratory-made working electrode to determine its suitability for practical use. The average pH sensitivity of this combined sensor was 58.5 mV/pH in the acid-to-base direction; the correlation coefficient was greater than 0.99. In addition, an integrated pH sensor that included the SSRE was packaged in a secure digital (SD) card and tested. The average sensitivity of the chip was 56.8 mV/pH, with the correlation coefficient being greater than 0.99. In addition, a pH sensing test was also performed by using a laboratory-made potentiometer, which showed a sensitivity of 55.4 mV/pH, with the correlation coefficient being greater than 0.99. 20. Deeply Bound 1s and 2p Pionic States in 205Pb and Determination of the s-Wave Part of the Pion-Nucleus Interaction Science.gov (United States) Geissel, H.; Gilg, H.; Gillitzer, A.; Hayano, R. S.; Hirenzaki, S.; Itahashi, K.; Iwasaki, M.; Kienle, P.; Münch, M.; Münzenberg, G.; Schott, W.; Suzuki, K.; Tomono, D.; Weick, H.; Yamazaki, T.; Yoneyama, T. 2002-03-01 We observed well-separated 1s and 2p π- states in 205Pb in the 206Pb(d,3He) reaction at Td = 604.3 MeV. The binding energies and the widths determined are B1s = 6.762+/-0.061 MeV, Γ1s = 0.764+0.171-0.154 MeV, B2p = 5.110+/-0.045 MeV, and Γ2p = 0.321+0.060-0.062 MeV. They are used to deduce the real and imaginary strengths of the s-wave part of the pion-nucleus interaction, which translates into a positive mass shift of π- in 205Pb. 1. STATE OF JNK AND P38 MAP-KINASE SYSTEM IN BLOOD monon uclea r le ucocytes DUR ING INFLAMMATION Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden) N. Y. Chasovskih 2009-01-01 Full Text Available Abstract. Pogrammed cell death of peripheral blood mononuclear leucocytes from patients with acute inflammatory diseases (non-nosocomial pneumonia, acute appendicitis was investigated under ex vivo conditions, upon cultivation of the cells with selective inhibitors of JNK (SP600125 and р38 МАРК (ML3403. In vitro addition of SP600125 and ML3403 under oxidative stress conditions prevents increase of annexinpositive mononuclear cells numbers, thus suggesting JNK and р38 МАР-kinases to be involved into oxidative mechanisms of apoptosis deregulation. A role of JNK in IL-8 production by mononuclear leucocytes was revealed in cases of acute inflammation. Regulatory effect of JNK and p38 MAP-kinases can be mediated through activation of redox-sensitive apoptogenic signal transduction systems, as well as due to changes in cellular cytokine-producing function. 2. A k · p treatment of edge states in narrow 2D topological insulators, with standard boundary conditions for the wave function and its derivative. Science.gov (United States) Klipstein, P C 2018-07-11 For 2D topological insulators with strong electron-hole hybridization, such as HgTe/CdTe quantum wells, the widely used 4  ×  4 k · p Hamiltonian based on the first electron and heavy hole sub-bands yields an equal number of physical and spurious solutions, for both the bulk states and the edge states. For symmetric bands and zero wave vector parallel to the sample edge, the mid-gap bulk solutions are identical to the edge solutions. In all cases, the physical edge solution is exponentially localized to the boundary and has been shown previously to satisfy standard boundary conditions for the wave function and its derivative, even in the limit of an infinite wall potential. The same treatment is now extended to the case of narrow sample widths, where for each spin direction, a gap appears in the edge state dispersions. For widths greater than 200 nm, this gap is less than half of the value reported for open boundary conditions, which are called into question because they include a spurious wave function component. The gap in the edge state dispersions is also calculated for weakly hybridized quantum wells such as InAs/GaSb/AlSb. In contrast to the strongly hybridized case, the edge states at the zone center only have pure exponential character when the bands are symmetric and when the sample has certain characteristic width values. 3. Analysis of frequency-dependent series resistance and interface states of In/SiO{sub 2}/p-Si (MIS) structures Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB) Birkan Selcuk, A. [Department of Nuclear Electronics and Instrumentation, Saraykoey Nuclear Research and Training Center, 06983 Saray, Ankara (Turkey); Tugluoglu, N. [Department of Nuclear Electronics and Instrumentation, Saraykoey Nuclear Research and Training Center, 06983 Saray, Ankara (Turkey)], E-mail: ntuglu@taek.gov.tr; Karadeniz, S.; Bilge Ocak, S. [Department of Nuclear Electronics and Instrumentation, Saraykoey Nuclear Research and Training Center, 06983 Saray, Ankara (Turkey) 2007-11-15 In this work, the investigation of the interface state density and series resistance from capacitance-voltage (C-V) and conductance-voltage (G/{omega}-V) characteristics in In/SiO{sub 2}/p-Si metal-insulator-semiconductor (MIS) structures with thin interfacial insulator layer have been reported. The thickness of SiO{sub 2} film obtained from the measurement of the oxide capacitance corrected for series resistance in the strong accumulation region is 220 A. The forward and reverse bias C-V and G/{omega}-V characteristics of MIS structures have been studied at the frequency range 30 kHz-1 MHz at room temperature. The frequency dispersion in capacitance and conductance can be interpreted in terms of the series resistance (R{sub s}) and interface state density (D{sub it}) values. Both the series resistance R{sub s} and density of interface states D{sub it} are strongly frequency-dependent and decrease with increasing frequency. The distribution profile of R{sub s}-V gives a peak at low frequencies in the depletion region and disappears with increasing frequency. Experimental results show that the interfacial polarization contributes to the improvement of the dielectric properties of In/SiO{sub 2}/p-Si MIS structures. The interface state density value of In/SiO{sub 2}/p-Si MIS diode calculated at strong accumulation region is 1.11x10{sup 12} eV{sup -1} cm{sup -2} at 1 MHz. It is found that the calculated value of D{sub it} ({approx}10{sup 12} eV{sup -1} cm{sup -2}) is not high enough to pin the Fermi level of the Si substrate disrupting the device operation. 4. Role of radiolytically generated species in radiation induced polymerization of sodium p-styrene sulphonate (SSS) in aqueous solution: Steady state and pulse radiolysis study International Nuclear Information System (INIS) Bhardwaj, Y.K.; Mohan, H.; Sabharwal, S.; Majali, A.B. 2000-01-01 5. Correcting human heart 31P NMR spectra for partial saturation. Evidence that saturation factors for PCr/ATP are homogeneous in normal and disease states Science.gov (United States) Bottomley, Paul A.; Hardy, Christopher J.; Weiss, Robert G. Heart PCr/ATP ratios measured from spatially localized 31P NMR spectra can be corrected for partial saturation effects using saturation factors derived from unlocalized chest surface-coil spectra acquired at the heart rate and approximate Ernst angle for phosphor creatine (PCr) and again under fully relaxed conditions during each 31P exam. To validate this approach in studies of normal and disease states where the possibility of heterogeneity in metabolite T1 values between both chest muscle and heart and normal and disease states exists, the properties of saturation factors for metabolite ratios were investigated theoretically under conditions applicable in typical cardiac spectroscopy exams and empirically using data from 82 cardiac 31P exams in six study groups comprising normal controls ( n = 19) and patients with dilated ( n = 20) and hypertrophic ( n = 5) cardiomyopathy, coronary artery disease ( n = 16), heart transplants ( n = 19), and valvular heart disease ( n = 3). When TR ≪ T1,(PCr), with T1(PCr) ⩾ T1(ATP), the saturation factor for PCr/ATP lies in the range 1.5 ± 0.5, regardless of the T1 values. The precise value depends on the ratio of metabolite T1 values rather than their absolute values and is insensitive to modest changes in TR. Published data suggest that the metabolite T1 ratio is the same in heart and muscle. Our empirical data reveal that the saturation factors do not vary significantly with disease state, nor with the relative fractions of muscle and heart contributing to the chest surface-coil spectra. Also, the corrected myocardial PCr/ATP ratios in each normal or disease state bear no correlation with the corresponding saturation factors nor the fraction of muscle in the unlocalized chest spectra. However, application of the saturation correction (mean value, 1.36 ± 0.03 SE) significantly reduced scatter in myocardial PCr/ATP data by 14 ± 11% (SD) ( p ⩽ 0.05). The findings suggest that the relative T1 values of PCr and ATP are 6. Excitation-energy dependence of the resonant Auger transitions to the 4p4(1D)np (n=5,6) states across the 3d3/2-15p and 3d5/2-16p resonances in Kr International Nuclear Information System (INIS) Sankari, A.; Alitalo, S.; Nikkinen, J.; Kivimaeki, A.; Aksela, S.; Aksela, H.; Fritzsche, S. 2007-01-01 The energy dependencies of the intensities and angular distribution parameters β of the resonant Auger final states 4p 4 ( 1 D)np (n=5,6) of Kr were determined experimentally in the excitation-energy region of the overlapping 3d 3/2 -1 5p and 3d 5/2 -1 6p resonances. The experimental results were compared with the outcome of multiconfiguration Dirac-Fock calculations. Combining experimental and calculated results allowed us to study interference effects between the direct and several resonant channels that populate the 4p 4 ( 1 D)np states. The inclusion of the direct channel was crucial in order to reproduce the observed energy behavior of the angular distribution parameters. It was also important to take into account experimentally observed shake transitions 7. Lattice NRQCD study of S- and P-wave bottomonium states in a thermal medium with Nf=2 +1 light flavors Science.gov (United States) Kim, Seyong; Petreczky, Peter; Rothkopf, Alexander 2015-03-01 We investigate the properties of S - and P -wave bottomonium states in the vicinity of the deconfinement transition temperature. The light degrees of freedom are represented by dynamical lattice quantum chromodynamics (QCD) configurations of the HotQCD collaboration with Nf=2 +1 flavors. Bottomonium correlators are obtained from bottom quark propagators, computed in nonrelativistic QCD under the background of these gauge field configurations. The spectral functions for the 3S1 (ϒ ) and 3P1 (χb 1) channel are extracted from the Euclidean time correlators using a novel Bayesian approach in the temperature region 140 MeV ≤T ≤249 MeV and the results are contrasted to those from the standard maximum entropy method. We find that the new Bayesian approach is far superior to the maximum entropy method. It enables us to study reliably the presence or absence of the lowest state signal in the spectral function of a certain channel, even under the limitations present in the finite temperature setup. We find that χb 1 survives up to T =249 MeV , the highest temperature considered in our study, and put stringent constraints on the size of the medium modification of ϒ and χb 1 states. 8. Dual functional rhodium oxide nanocorals enabled sensor for both non-enzymatic glucose and solid-state pH sensing. Science.gov (United States) Dong, Qiuchen; Huang, Yikun; Song, Donghui; Wu, Huixiang; Cao, Fei; Lei, Yu 2018-07-30 Both pH-sensitive and glucose-responsive rhodium oxide nanocorals (Rh 2 O 3 NCs) were synthesized through electrospinning followed by high-temperature calcination. The as-prepared Rh 2 O 3 NCs were systematically characterized using various advanced techniques including scanning electron microscopy, X-ray powder diffraction and Raman spectroscopy, and then employed as a dual functional nanomaterial to fabricate a dual sensor for both non-enzymatic glucose sensing and solid-state pH monitoring. The sensing performance of the Rh 2 O 3 NCs based dual sensor toward pH and glucose was evaluated using open circuit potential, cyclic voltammetry and amperometric techniques, respectively. The results show that the as-prepared Rh 2 O 3 NCs not only maintain accurate and reversible pH sensitivity of Rh 2 O 3 , but also demonstrate a good electrocatalytic activity toward glucose oxidation in alkaline medium with a sensitivity of 11.46 μA mM -1 cm -2 , a limit of detection of 3.1 μM (S/N = 3), and a reasonable selectivity against various interferents in non-enzymatic glucose detection. Its accuracy in determining glucose in human serum samples was further demonstrated. These features indicate that the as-prepared Rh 2 O 3 NCs hold great promise as a dual-functional sensing material in the development of a high-performance sensor forManjakkal both solid-state pH and non-enzymatic glucose sensing. Copyright © 2018 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. 9. The quantum chemical causality of pMHC-TCR biological avidity: Peptide atomic coordination data and the electronic state of agonist N termini Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden) Georgios S.E. Antipas 2015-06-01 Full Text Available The quantum state of functional avidity of the synapse formed between a peptide-Major Histocompatibility Complex (pMHC and a T cell receptor (TCR is a subject not previously touched upon. Here we present atomic pair correlation meta-data based on crystalized tertiary structures of the Tax (HTLV-1 peptide along with three artificially altered variants, all of which were presented by the (Class I HLA-A201 protein in complexation with the human (CD8+ A6TCR. The meta-data reveal the existence of a direct relationship between pMHC-TCR functional avidity (agonist/antagonist and peptide pair distribution function (PDF. In this context, antagonist peptides are consistently under-coordinated in respect to Tax. Moreover, Density Functional Theory (DFT datasets in the BLYP/TZ2P level of theory resulting from relaxation of the H species on peptide tertiary structures reveal that the coordination requirement of agonist peptides is also expressed as a physical observable of the protonation state of their N termini: agonistic peptides are always found to retain a stable ammonium (NH3+ terminal group while antagonist peptides are not. 10. Soft-x-ray emission and the local p-type partial density of electronic states in Y2O3: Experiment and theory International Nuclear Information System (INIS) Mueller, D.R.; Ederer, D.L.; van Ek, J.; OBrien, W.L.; Dong, Q.Y.; Jia, J.; Callcott, T.A. 1996-01-01 Photon-excited yttrium M IV,V , and electron-excited oxygen K x-ray emission spectra for yttrium oxide are presented. It is shown that, as in the case of yttrium metal, the decay of M IV vacancies does not contribute substantially to the oxide M IV,V emission. The valence emission is interpreted in a one-electron picture as a measure of the local p-type partial density of states. The yttrium and oxygen valence emission bands are very similar and strongly resemble published photoelectron spectra. Using local-density approximation electronic structure calculations, we show that the broadening of the Y-4p signal in yttrium oxide relative to Y metal are due to two inequivalent yttrium sites in Y 2 O 3 . Features present in the oxide, but not the metal spectrum, are the result of overlap (hybridization) between the Y-4p wave function and states in the oxygen 2s subband. copyright 1996 The American Physical Society 11. The effects of the electric and intense laser field on the binding energies of donor impurity states (1s and 2p±) and optical absorption between the related states in an asymmetric parabolic quantum well Science.gov (United States) Kasapoglu, E.; Sakiroglu, S.; Sökmen, I.; Restrepo, R. L.; Mora-Ramos, M. E.; Duque, C. A. 2016-10-01 We have calculated the effects of electric and intense laser fields on the binding energies of the ground and some excited states of conduction electrons coupled to shallow donor impurities as well as the total optical absorption coefficient for transitions between 1s and 2p± electron-impurity states in a asymmetric parabolic GaAs/Ga1-x AlxAs quantum well. The binding energies were obtained using the effective-mass approximation within a variational scheme. Total absorption coefficient (linear and nonlinear absorption coefficient) for the transitions between any two impurity states were calculated from first- and third-order dielectric susceptibilities derived within a perturbation expansion for the density matrix formalism. Our results show that the effects of the electric field, intense laser field, and the impurity location on the binding energy of 1s-impurity state are more pronounced compared with other impurity states. If the well center is changed to be Lc0), the effective well width decreases (increases), and thus we can obtain the red or blue shift in the resonant peak position of the absorption coefficient by changing the intensities of the electric and non-resonant intense laser field as well as dimensions of the well and impurity positions. 12. Evidence of a 2D Fermi surface due to surface states in a p-type metallic Bi2Te3 Science.gov (United States) Shrestha, K.; Marinova, V.; Lorenz, B.; Chu, C. W. 2018-05-01 We present a systematic quantum oscillations study on a metallic, p-type Bi2Te3 topological single crystal in magnetic fields up to B  =  7 T. The maxima/minima positions of oscillations measured at different tilt angles align to one another when plotted as a function of the normal component of magnetic field, confirming the presence of the 2D Fermi surface. Additionally, the Berry phase, β  =  0.4  ±  0.05 obtained from the Landau level fan plot, is very close to the theoretical value of 0.5 for the Dirac particles, confirming the presence of topological surface states in the Bi2Te3 single crystal. Using the Lifshitz–Kosevich analyses, the Fermi energy is estimated to be meV, which is lower than that of other bismuth-based topological systems. The detection of surface states in the Bi2Te3 crystal can be explained by our previous hypothesis of the lower position of the Fermi surface that cuts the ‘M’-shaped valence band maxima. As a result, the bulk state frequency is shifted to higher magnetic fields, which allows measurement of the surface states signal at low magnetic fields. 13. First-order chiral to non-chiral transition in the angular dependence of the upper critical induction of the Scharnberg–Klemm p-wave pair state International Nuclear Information System (INIS) Zhang, J; Gu, Q; Lörscher, C; Klemm, R A 2014-01-01 We calculate the temperature T and angular (θ, ϕ) dependencies of the upper critical induction B c2 (θ, ϕ, T) for parallel-spin superconductors with an axially symmetric p-wave pairing interaction pinned to the lattice and a dominant ellipsoidal Fermi surface (FS). For all FS anisotropies, the chiral Scharnberg–Klemm (SK) state B c2 (θ, ϕ, T) exceeds that of the chiral Anderson–Brinkman–Morel (ABM) state and exhibits a kink at θ = θ * (T, ϕ), indicative of a first-order transition from its chiral, nodal-direction behavior to its non-chiral, antinodal-direction behavior. Applicabilities to Sr 2 RuO 4 , UCoGe and the candidate topological superconductor Cu x Bi 2 Se 3 are discussed. (fast track communication) 14. Use of mass spectral method for plotting P-T and T-x pro ection of state diagram of LiF-ZrF4 system International Nuclear Information System (INIS) Korenev, Yu.M.; Rykov, A.N.; Novoselova, A.V. 1979-01-01 T-x and P-T projections of the state diagram for the system LiF-ZrF 4 were constructed. The Knudsen effusion technique with the mass-spectral analysis of the evaporation products was employed to determine the vapor composition and pressure. LiF, LiF 2 , Li 3 F 3 , ZrF 4 , LiZrF 5 , Li 2 ZrF 6 , LiZrF 9 molecules were found in the saturated vapor of the system. Heats of evaporation of the molecules and their partial pressures depending on the melt composition were determined. Dissociation enthalpies of the complex molecules were calcuted 15. LETTER TO THE EDITOR: Surface passivation of (100) InP by organic thiols and polyimide as characterized by steady-state photoluminescence Science.gov (United States) Schvartzman, M.; Sidorov, V.; Ritter, D.; Paz, Y. 2001-10-01 A method for the passivation of indium phosphide, based on thiolated organic self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) that form highly ordered, close-packed structures on the semiconductor surface, is presented. It is shown that the intensity of steady-state photoluminescence (PL) of n-type InP wafers covered with the thiolated SAMs increases significantly (as much as 14-fold) upon their covering with the monolayers. The ease with which one can tailor the outer functional groups of the SAMs provides a way to connect this new class of passivators with standard encapsulators, such as polyimide. Indeed, the PL intensity of SAM-coated InP wafers was not altered upon their overcoating with polyimide, despite the high curing temperature of the polymer (200 °C). 16. D-Wave Electron-H, -He+, and -Li2+ Elastic Scattering and Photoabsorption in P States of Two-Electron Systems Science.gov (United States) Bhatia, A. K. 2014-01-01 In previous papers [A. K. Bhatia, Phys. Rev. A 85, 052708 (2012); 86, 032709 (2012); 87, 042705 (2013)] electron-H, -He+, and -Li2+ P-wave scattering phase shifts were calculated using the variational polarized orbital theory. This method is now extended to the singlet and triplet D-wave scattering in the elastic region. The long-range correlations are included in the Schrodinger equation by using the method of polarized orbitals variationally. Phase shifts are compared to those obtained by other methods. The present calculation provides results which are rigorous lower bonds to the exact phase shifts. Using the presently calculated D-wave and previously calculated S-wave continuum functions, photoionization of singlet and triplet P states of He and Li+ are also calculated, along with the radiative recombination rate coefficients at various electron temperatures. 17. State of the States Science.gov (United States) Journal of Education Finance, 2017 2017-01-01 In 2016, a group of school finance scholars and public school practitioners gathered in Jacksonville, Florida, for the National Education Finance Academy's annual conference to discuss, among an array of topics, the state of P-20 finance in all 50 states. At the roundtable discussion, 36 states were represented, and scholars representing 30 states… 18. On the energy distribution profile of interface states obtained by taking into account of series resistance in Al/TiO2/p-Si (MIS) structures International Nuclear Information System (INIS) Pakma, O.; Serin, N.; Serin, T.; Altindal, S. 2011-01-01 The energy distribution profile of the interface states (N ss ) of Al/TiO 2 /p-Si (MIS) structures prepared using the sol-gel method was obtained from the forward bias current-voltage (I-V) characteristics by taking into account both the bias dependence of the effective barrier height (φ e ) and series resistance (R s ) at room temperature. The main electrical parameters of the MIS structure such as ideality factor (n), zero-bias barrier height (φ b0 ) and average series resistance values were found to be 1.69, 0.519 eV and 659 Ω, respectively. This high value of n was attributed to the presence of an interfacial insulator layer at the Al/p-Si interface and the density of interface states (N ss ) localized at the Si/TiO 2 interface. The values of N ss localized at the Si/TiO 2 interface were found with and without the R s at 0.25-E v in the range between 8.4x10 13 and 4.9x10 13 eV -1 cm -2 . In addition, the frequency dependence of capacitance-voltage (C-V) and conductance-voltage (G/ω-V) characteristics of the structures have been investigated by taking into account the effect of N ss and R s at room temperature. It can be found out that the measured C and G/ω are strongly dependent on bias voltage and frequency. -- Research highlights: →We successfully fabricated Al/TiO 2 /p-Si device with interlayer by a sol-gel method. The facts: (i) that the technology of the fabrication of a Al/TiO 2 /p-Si MIS structure much simpler and economical than that for the Si p-n junction and (b) the main advantages of TiO 2 films are low densities of the surface states when compared to SiO 2 . 19. On the energy distribution profile of interface states obtained by taking into account of series resistance in Al/TiO{sub 2}/p-Si (MIS) structures Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB) Pakma, O., E-mail: osman@pakma.co [Department of Physics, Faculty of Sciences and Arts, Batman University, Batman (Turkey); Serin, N.; Serin, T. [Department of Engineering Physics, Faculty of Engineering, Ankara University, 06100 Tandogan, Ankara (Turkey); Altindal, S. [Physics Department, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Gazi University, Teknikokullar, 06500 Ankara (Turkey) 2011-02-15 The energy distribution profile of the interface states (N{sub ss}) of Al/TiO{sub 2}/p-Si (MIS) structures prepared using the sol-gel method was obtained from the forward bias current-voltage (I-V) characteristics by taking into account both the bias dependence of the effective barrier height ({phi}{sub e}) and series resistance (R{sub s}) at room temperature. The main electrical parameters of the MIS structure such as ideality factor (n), zero-bias barrier height ({phi}{sub b0}) and average series resistance values were found to be 1.69, 0.519 eV and 659 {Omega}, respectively. This high value of n was attributed to the presence of an interfacial insulator layer at the Al/p-Si interface and the density of interface states (N{sub ss}) localized at the Si/TiO{sub 2} interface. The values of N{sub ss} localized at the Si/TiO{sub 2} interface were found with and without the R{sub s} at 0.25-E{sub v} in the range between 8.4x10{sup 13} and 4.9x10{sup 13} eV{sup -1} cm{sup -2}. In addition, the frequency dependence of capacitance-voltage (C-V) and conductance-voltage (G/{omega}-V) characteristics of the structures have been investigated by taking into account the effect of N{sub ss} and R{sub s} at room temperature. It can be found out that the measured C and G/{omega} are strongly dependent on bias voltage and frequency. -- Research highlights: {yields}We successfully fabricated Al/TiO{sub 2}/p-Si device with interlayer by a sol-gel method. The facts: (i) that the technology of the fabrication of a Al/TiO{sub 2}/p-Si MIS structure much simpler and economical than that for the Si p-n junction and (b) the main advantages of TiO{sub 2} films are low densities of the surface states when compared to SiO{sub 2}. 20. A Solid-State Thin-Film Ag/AgCl Reference Electrode Coated with Graphene Oxide and Its Use in a pH Sensor Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden) Tae Yong Kim 2015-03-01 Full Text Available In this study, we describe a novel solid-state thin-film Ag/AgCl reference electrode (SSRE that was coated with a protective layer of graphene oxide (GO. This layer was prepared by drop casting a solution of GO on the Ag/AgCl thin film. The potential differences exhibited by the SSRE were less than 2 mV for 26 days. The cyclic voltammograms of the SSRE were almost similar to those of a commercial reference electrode, while the diffusion coefficient of Fe(CN63− as calculated from the cathodic peaks of the SSRE was 6.48 × 10−6 cm2/s. The SSRE was used in conjunction with a laboratory-made working electrode to determine its suitability for practical use. The average pH sensitivity of this combined sensor was 58.5 mV/pH in the acid-to-base direction; the correlation coefficient was greater than 0.99. In addition, an integrated pH sensor that included the SSRE was packaged in a secure digital (SD card and tested. The average sensitivity of the chip was 56.8 mV/pH, with the correlation coefficient being greater than 0.99. In addition, a pH sensing test was also performed by using a laboratory-made potentiometer, which showed a sensitivity of 55.4 mV/pH, with the correlation coefficient being greater than 0.99. 1. Use of NAD(P)H fluorescence measurement for on-line monitoring of metabolic state of Azohydromonas australica in poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) production. Science.gov (United States) Gahlawat, Geeta; Srivastava, Ashok K 2013-02-01 Culture fluorescence measurement is an indirect and non-invasive method of biomass estimation to assess the metabolic state of the microorganism in a fermentation process. In the present investigation, NAD(P)H fluorescence has been used for on-line in situ characterization of metabolic changes occurring during different phases of batch cultivation of Azohydromonas australica in growth associated poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) or PHB production. A linear correlation between biomass concentration and net NAD(P)H fluorescence was obtained during early log phase (3-12 h) and late log phase (24-39 h) of PHB fermentation. After 12 h (mid log phase) cultivation PHB accumulation shot up and a drop in culture fluorescence was observed which synchronously exhibited continuous utilization of NAD(P)H for the synthesis of biomass and PHB formation simultaneously. A decrease in the observed net fluorescence value was observed again towards the end of fermentation (at 39 h) which corresponded very well with the culture starvation and substrate depletion towards the end of cultivation inside the bioreactor. It was therefore concluded that NAD(P)H fluorescence measurements could be used for indication of the time of fresh nutrient (substrate) feed during substrate limitation to further enhance the PHB production. 2. Sodium-Doped Mesoporous Ni2P2O7 Hexagonal Tablets for High-Performance Flexible All-Solid-State Hybrid Supercapacitors. Science.gov (United States) Wei, Chengzhen; Cheng, Cheng; Wang, Shanshan; Xu, Yazhou; Wang, Jindi; Pang, Huan 2015-08-01 A simple hydrothermal method has been developed to prepare hexagonal tablet precursors, which are then transformed into porous sodium-doped Ni2P2O7 hexagonal tablets by a simple calcination method. The obtained samples were evaluated as electrode materials for supercapacitors. Electrochemical measurements show that the electrode based on the porous sodium-doped Ni2P2O7 hexagonal tablets exhibits a specific capacitance of 557.7 F g(-1) at a current density of 1.2 A g(-1) . Furthermore, the porous sodium-doped Ni2P2O7 hexagonal tablets were successfully used to construct flexible solid-state hybrid supercapacitors. The device is highly flexible and achieves a maximum energy density of 23.4 Wh kg(-1) and a good cycling stability after 5000 cycles, which confirms that the porous sodium-doped Ni2P2 O7 hexagonal tablets are promising active materials for flexible supercapacitors. © 2015 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim. 3. Controle público e eqüidade no acesso a hospitais sob gestão pública não estatal Public control and equity of access to hospitals under non-State public administration Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden) Nivaldo Carneiro Junior 2006-10-01 4. Cs{sub 4}P{sub 2}Se{sub 10}: A new compound discovered with the application of solid-state and high temperature NMR Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB) Gave, Matthew A; Canlas, Christian G [Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824 (United States); Chung, In [Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824 (United States); Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208 (United States); Iyer, Ratnasabapathy G [Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824 (United States); Kanatzidis, Mercouri G [Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824 (United States); Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208 (United States)], E-mail: m-kanatzidis@northwestern.edu; Weliky, David P. [Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824 (United States)], E-mail: weliky@chemistry.msu.edu 2007-10-15 The new compound Cs{sub 4}P{sub 2}Se{sub 10} was serendipitously produced in high purity during a high-temperature synthesis done in a nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectrometer. {sup 31}P magic angle spinning (MAS) NMR of the products of the synthesis revealed that the dominant phosphorus-containing product had a chemical shift of -52.8 ppm that could not be assigned to any known compound. Deep reddish brown well-formed plate-like crystals were isolated from the NMR reaction ampoule and the structure was solved with X-ray diffraction. Cs{sub 4}P{sub 2}Se{sub 10} has the triclinic space group P-1 with a=7.3587(11) A, b=7.4546(11) A, c=10.1420(15) A, {alpha}=85.938(2){sup o}, {beta}=88.055(2){sup o}, and {gamma}=85.609(2){sup o} and contains the [P{sub 2}Se{sub 10}]{sup 4-} anion. To our knowledge, this is the first compound containing this anion that is composed of two tetrahedral (PSe{sub 4}) units connected by a diselenide linkage. It was also possible to form a glass by quenching the melt in ice water, and Cs{sub 4}P{sub 2}Se{sub 10} was recovered upon annealing. The static {sup 31}P NMR spectrum at 350 deg. C contained a single peak with a -35 ppm chemical shift and a {approx}7 ppm peak width. This study highlights the potential of solid-state and high-temperature NMR for aiding discovery of new compounds and for probing the species that exist at high temperature. - Graphical abstract: The new compound Cs{sub 4}P{sub 2}Se{sub 10} was discovered following a high-temperature in situ synthesis in the NMR spectrometer and the structure was determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. It contains the new [P{sub 2}Se{sub 10}]{sup 4-} anion. 5. Quenching of the resonance 5s({sup 3}P{sub 1}) state of krypton atoms in collisions with krypton and helium atoms Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB) Zayarnyi, D A; L' dov, A Yu; Kholin, I V [P N Lebedev Physics Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow (Russian Federation) 2014-11-30 The processes of collision quenching of the resonance 5s[3/2]{sub 1}{sup o}({sup 3}P{sub 1}) state of the krypton atom are studied by the absorption probe method in electron-beam-excited high-pressure He – Kr mixtures with a low content of krypton. The rate constants of plasmochemical reactions Kr* + Kr + He → Kr*{sub 2} + He [(4.21 ± 0.42) × 10{sup -33} cm{sup 6} s{sup -1}], Kr* + 2He → HeKr* + He [(4.5 ± 1.2) × 10{sup -36} cm{sup 6} s{sup -1}] and Kr* + He → products + He [(2.21 ± 0.22) × 10{sup -15} cm{sup 3} s{sup -1}] are measured for the first time. The rate constants of similar reactions are refined for krypton in the metastable 5s[3/2]{sub 2}{sup o} ({sup 3}P{sub 2}) state. (laser applications and other topics in quantum electronics) 6. Non-sticky translocation of bio-molecules through Tween 20-coated solid-state nanopores in a wide pH range Science.gov (United States) Li, Xiaoqing; Hu, Rui; Li, Ji; Tong, Xin; Diao, J. J.; Yu, Dapeng; Zhao, Qing 2016-10-01 Nanopore-based sensing technology is considered high-throughput and low-cost for single molecule detection, but solid-state nanopores have suffered from pore clogging issues. A simple Tween 20 coating method is applied to ensure long-term (several hours) non-sticky translocation of various types of bio-molecules through SiN nanopores in a wide pH range (4.0-13.0). We also emphasize the importance of choosing appropriate concentration of Tween 20 coating buffer for desired effect. By coating nanopores with a Tween 20 layer, we are able to differentiate between single-stranded DNA and double-stranded DNA, to identify drift-dominated domain for single-stranded DNA, to estimate BSA volume and to observe the shape of individual nucleosome translocation event without non-specific adsorption. The wide pH endurance from 4.0 to 13.0 and the broad types of detection analytes including nucleic acids, proteins, and biological complexes highlight the great application potential of Tween 20-coated solid-state nanopores. 7. Photoluminescence and solid state properties of rigid pi- conjugated polymers with applications to LED: Alkyl- substituted p-phenyleneethynylene polymers and triblock copolymers Science.gov (United States) Huang, Wen-Yao A series of substituted poly(p-phenyleneethynylene)s, PPE, were synthesized by alkyne metathesis. The substituents dibutyl (a), dioctyl (b), ditetradecyl (c), di-2-ethylhexyl (d) and di-2-cyclohexylethyl; (e)were placed on the 2,5 positions of the phenyl rings. X-ray diffraction studies indicated that the main chains of each polymer were arranged in regular, layered arrays. Liquid crystalline structures were observed by polarized optical microscopy in PPE 4b, 4c and 4d. The temperatures of isotropization of the liquid crystalline structures coincided with the disordering temperatures determined by differential scanning calorimetry. The UV absorption spectra showed a gradual blue shift of the λmax for all these polymers, suggesting a decrease in the electronic delocalization along the chain as the size and geometry of the side group changed. The photoluminescence spectra in dilute toluene solutions are consistent with vibronic coupling and emission from localized excited states. The emission spectra of thin films show characteristics typical of excimer or aggregate formation in the solid state. Lastly, an improved method of molecular weight determination by end group analysis was devised. Molecular organization and orientation in thin films (~100 nm) of a triblock copolymer, PPEPEG, was studied. The morphology of the thin film can be visualized as consisting of PMMA as the major phase in which domains of vertically oriented triblock copolymers are dispersed with PEG groups facing the air-film interface. The molecular and supramolecular structure of a series of well-defined fully conjugated poly(2,5- diakyl-p-phenyleneethynylene)s, PPE, in toluene has been studied in the sol state and in the gel state by surface tension and photoluminescence measurements. Poly (2,6[4- phenyl quinoline]), I, and poly (2,6[p-phenylene] 4- phenyl quinoline), II, were synthesized by the self- condensation of 5-acetyl-2-aminobezophenone and 4-amino- 4 '-acetyl-3-benzoyl biphenyl 8. Atom-radical reaction dynamics of O(3P)+C3H5→C3H4+OH: Nascent rovibrational state distributions of product OH Science.gov (United States) Park, Jong-Ho; Lee, Hohjai; Kwon, Han-Cheol; Kim, Hee-Kyung; Choi, Young-Sang; Choi, Jong-Ho 2002-08-01 The reaction dynamics of ground-state atomic oxygen [O(3P)] with allyl radicals (C3H5) has been investigated by applying a combination of crossed beams and laser induced fluorescence techniques. The reactants O(3P) and C3H5 were produced by the photodissociation of NO2 and the supersonic flash pyrolysis of precursor allyl iodide, respectively. A new exothermic channel of O(3P)+C3H5→C3H4+OH was observed and the nascent internal state distributions of the product OH (X 2Π:υ″=0,1) showed substantial bimodal internal excitations of the low- and high-N″ components without Λ-doublet and spin-orbit propensities in the ground and first excited vibrational states. With the aid of the CBS-QB3 level of ab initio theory and Rice-Ramsperger-Kassel-Marcus calculations, it is predicted that on the lowest doublet potential energy surface the major reaction channel of O(3P) with C3H5 is the formation of acrolein (CH2CHCHO)+H, which is consistent with the previous bulk kinetic experiments performed by Gutman et al. [J. Phys. Chem. 94, 3652 (1990)]. The counterpart C3H4 of the probed OH product in the title reaction is calculated to be allene after taking into account the factors of reaction enthalpy, barrier height and the number of intermediates involved along the reaction pathway. On the basis of population analyses and comparison with prior calculations, the statistical picture is not suitable to describe the reactive atom-radical scattering processes, and the dynamics of the title reaction is believed to proceed through two competing dynamical pathways. The major low N″-components with significant vibrational excitation may be described by the direct abstraction process, while the minor but extraordinarily hot rotational distribution of high N″-components implies that some fraction of reactants is sampled to proceed through the indirect short-lived addition-complex forming process. 9. Species of Hypholoma (Fr. P. Kumm. (Strophariaceae, Agaricales in Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil Espécies de Hypholoma (Fr. P. Kumm. (Strophariaceae, Agaricales no Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden) Vagner Gularte Cortez 2007-09-01 Full Text Available Detailed descriptions, illustrations, discussions and a key for identification of the known species of the genus Hypholoma (Fr. P. Kumm. in Rio Grande do Sul state are presented, as well as a revision of the Hypholoma specimens deposited in the Fungi Rickiani collection. Based on the authors' collections and the herbarium revision, the following species were recognized: H. aurantiacum (Cooke Faus, H. ericaeum (Pers.: Fr. Kühner, and H. subviride (Berk. & M.A. Curtis Dennis.Neste trabalho são apresentadas descrições, ilustrações, discussões e chave de identificação para as espécies do gênero Hypholoma (Fr. P. Kumm. conhecidas no estado do Rio Grande do Sul, além de uma revisão do material de Hypholoma depositado na coleção Fungi Rickiani. A partir das coletas realizadas pelos autores, bem como estudo do material depositado nos principais herbários do estado e do país, verificou-se a ocorrência das seguintes espécies: H. aurantiacum (Cooke Faus, H. ericaeum (Pers.: Fr. Kühner e H. subviride (Berk. & M.A. Curtis Dennis. 10. Semiclassical three-valley Monte Carlo simulation analysis of steady-state and transient electron transport within bulk InAsxP1-x, InAs and InP Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden) 2010-04-01 Full Text Available We have studied how electrons, initially in thermal equilibrium, drift under the action of an applied electric field within bulk zincblende InAsxP1-x, InAs and InP. Calculations are made using a non-parabolic effective-mass energy band model. Monte Carlo simulation includes all of the major scattering mechanisms. The band parameters used in the simulation are extracted from optimised pseudo-potential band calculations to ensure excellent agreement with experimental information and ab-initio band models. The effects of alloy scattering on the electron transport physics are examined. For all materials, it is found that electron velocity overshoot only occurs when the electric field is increased to a value above a certain critical field, unique to each material. This critical field is strongly dependent on the material parameters. Transient velocity overshoot has also been simulated, with the sudden application of fields up to 1600 kVm-1, appropriate to the gate-drain fields expected within an operational field-effect transistor. The electron drift velocity relaxes to the saturation value of about 1.5105 ms-1 within 4 pico-seconds for all crystal structures. The steady-state and transient velocity overshoot characteristics are in fair agreement with other recent calculations. 11. Climate and pH predict the potential range of the invasive apple snail (Pomacea insularum in the southeastern United States. Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden) James E Byers Full Text Available Predicting the potential range of invasive species is essential for risk assessment, monitoring, and management, and it can also inform us about a species' overall potential invasiveness. However, modeling the distribution of invasive species that have not reached their equilibrium distribution can be problematic for many predictive approaches. We apply the modeling approach of maximum entropy (MaxEnt that is effective with incomplete, presence-only datasets to predict the distribution of the invasive island apple snail, Pomacea insularum. This freshwater snail is native to South America and has been spreading in the USA over the last decade from its initial introductions in Texas and Florida. It has now been documented throughout eight southeastern states. The snail's extensive consumption of aquatic vegetation and ability to accumulate and transmit algal toxins through the food web heighten concerns about its spread. Our model shows that under current climate conditions the snail should remain mostly confined to the coastal plain of the southeastern USA where it is limited by minimum temperature in the coldest month and precipitation in the warmest quarter. Furthermore, low pH waters (pH <5.5 are detrimental to the snail's survival and persistence. Of particular note are low-pH blackwater swamps, especially Okefenokee Swamp in southern Georgia (with a pH below 4 in many areas, which are predicted to preclude the snail's establishment even though many of these areas are well matched climatically. Our results elucidate the factors that affect the regional distribution of P. insularum, while simultaneously presenting a spatial basis for the prediction of its future spread. Furthermore, the model for this species exemplifies that combining climatic and habitat variables is a powerful way to model distributions of invasive species. 12. Proton irradiation effects on deep level states in Mg-doped p-type GaN grown by ammonia-based molecular beam epitaxy Science.gov (United States) Zhang, Z.; Arehart, A. R.; Kyle, E. C. H.; Chen, J.; Zhang, E. X.; Fleetwood, D. M.; Schrimpf, R. D.; Speck, J. S.; Ringel, S. A. 2015-01-01 The impact of proton irradiation on the deep level states throughout the Mg-doped p-type GaN bandgap is investigated using deep level transient and optical spectroscopies. Exposure to 1.8 MeV protons of 1 × 1013 cm-2 and 3 × 1013 cm-2 fluences not only introduces a trap with an EV + 1.02 eV activation energy but also brings monotonic increases in concentration for as-grown deep states at EV + 0.48 eV, EV + 2.42 eV, EV + 3.00 eV, and EV + 3.28 eV. The non-uniform sensitivities for individual states suggest different physical sources and/or defect generation mechanisms. Comparing with prior theoretical calculations reveals that several traps are consistent with associations to nitrogen vacancy, nitrogen interstitial, and gallium vacancy origins, and thus are likely generated through displacing nitrogen and gallium atoms from the crystal lattice in proton irradiation environment. 13. Two-state thermodynamics and the possibility of a liquid-liquid phase transition in supercooled TIP4P/2005 water Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB) Singh, Rakesh S.; Debenedetti, Pablo G. [Department of Chemical & Biological Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544 (United States); Biddle, John W.; Anisimov, Mikhail A., E-mail: anisimov@umd.edu [Institute of Physical Science and Technology and Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742 (United States) 2016-04-14 Water shows intriguing thermodynamic and dynamic anomalies in the supercooled liquid state. One possible explanation of the origin of these anomalies lies in the existence of a metastable liquid-liquid phase transition (LLPT) between two (high and low density) forms of water. While the anomalies are observed in experiments on bulk and confined water and by computer simulation studies of different water-like models, the existence of a LLPT in water is still debated. Unambiguous experimental proof of the existence of a LLPT in bulk supercooled water is hampered by fast ice nucleation which is a precursor of the hypothesized LLPT. Moreover, the hypothesized LLPT, being metastable, in principle cannot exist in the thermodynamic limit (infinite size, infinite time). Therefore, computer simulations of water models are crucial for exploring the possibility of the metastable LLPT and the nature of the anomalies. In this work, we present new simulation results in the NVT ensemble for one of the most accurate classical molecular models of water, TIP4P/2005. To describe the computed properties and explore the possibility of a LLPT, we have applied two-structure thermodynamics, viewing water as a non-ideal mixture of two interconvertible local structures (“states”). The results suggest the presence of a liquid-liquid critical point and are consistent with the existence of a LLPT in this model for the simulated length and time scales. We have compared the behavior of TIP4P/2005 with other popular water-like models, namely, mW and ST2, and with real water, all of which are well described by two-state thermodynamics. In view of the current debate involving different studies of TIP4P/2005, we discuss consequences of metastability and finite size in observing the liquid-liquid separation. We also address the relationship between the phenomenological order parameter of two-structure thermodynamics and the microscopic nature of the low-density structure. 14. Two-state thermodynamics and the possibility of a liquid-liquid phase transition in supercooled TIP4P/2005 water International Nuclear Information System (INIS) Singh, Rakesh S.; Debenedetti, Pablo G.; Biddle, John W.; Anisimov, Mikhail A. 2016-01-01 Water shows intriguing thermodynamic and dynamic anomalies in the supercooled liquid state. One possible explanation of the origin of these anomalies lies in the existence of a metastable liquid-liquid phase transition (LLPT) between two (high and low density) forms of water. While the anomalies are observed in experiments on bulk and confined water and by computer simulation studies of different water-like models, the existence of a LLPT in water is still debated. Unambiguous experimental proof of the existence of a LLPT in bulk supercooled water is hampered by fast ice nucleation which is a precursor of the hypothesized LLPT. Moreover, the hypothesized LLPT, being metastable, in principle cannot exist in the thermodynamic limit (infinite size, infinite time). Therefore, computer simulations of water models are crucial for exploring the possibility of the metastable LLPT and the nature of the anomalies. In this work, we present new simulation results in the NVT ensemble for one of the most accurate classical molecular models of water, TIP4P/2005. To describe the computed properties and explore the possibility of a LLPT, we have applied two-structure thermodynamics, viewing water as a non-ideal mixture of two interconvertible local structures (“states”). The results suggest the presence of a liquid-liquid critical point and are consistent with the existence of a LLPT in this model for the simulated length and time scales. We have compared the behavior of TIP4P/2005 with other popular water-like models, namely, mW and ST2, and with real water, all of which are well described by two-state thermodynamics. In view of the current debate involving different studies of TIP4P/2005, we discuss consequences of metastability and finite size in observing the liquid-liquid separation. We also address the relationship between the phenomenological order parameter of two-structure thermodynamics and the microscopic nature of the low-density structure. 15. Deeply bound 1s and 2p pionic states in 205Pb and determination of the s-wave part of the pion-nucleus interaction International Nuclear Information System (INIS) Geissel, H.; Gilg, H.; Gillitzer, A. 2001-06-01 We observed well separated 1s and 2p π - states in 205 Pb in the 206 Pb(d, 3 He) reaction at T d = 604.3 MeV. The binding energies and the widths determined are: B 1s = 6.768 ± 0.044 (stat) ± 0.041 (syst) MeV, Γ 1s = 0.778 -0.130 +0.150 (stat) ± 0.055 (syst) MeV, B 2p = 5.110 ± 0.015 (stat) ± 0.042 (syst) MeV, and Γ 2p = 0.371 ± 0.037 (stat) ± 0.048 (syst) MeV. They are used to deduce the real and imaginary strengths of the s-wave part of the pion-nucleus interaction, yielding 26.1 -1.5 +1.7 MeV as a pion mass shift in the center of 205 Pb. (orig.) 16. Silver colloidal effects on excited-state structure and intramolecular charge transfer of p-N, N-dimethylaminobenzoic acid in aqueous cyclodextrin solutions International Nuclear Information System (INIS) Choi, Jung Kwon; Kim, Yang Hee; Yoon, Min Joong; Lee, Seung Joon; Kim, Kwan; Jeoung, Sae Chae 2001-01-01 The silver colloidal effects on the excited-state structure and intramolecular charge transfer (ICT) of p-N,N-dimethylaminobenzoic acid (DMABA) in aqueous cyclodextrin (CD) solutions have been investigated by UV-VIS absorption, steady-state and time-resolved fluorescence, and transient Raman spectroscopy. As the concentration of silver colloids increases, the ratio of the ICT emission to the normal emission (I a /I b ) of DMABA in the aqueous α-CD solutions are greatly decreased while the I a /I b values in the aqueous β-CD solutions are significantly enhanced. It is also noteworthy that the ICT emission maxima are red-shifted by 15-40 nm upon addition of silver colloids, implying that DMABA encapsulated in α-CD or β-CD cavity is exposed to more polar environment. The transient resonance Raman spectra of DMABA in silver colloidal solutions demonstrate that DMABA in the excited-state is desorbed from silver colloidal surfaces as demonstrated by the disappearance of v s (CO 2 - )(1380 cm -1 ) with appearance of v (C-OH)(1280 cm -1 ) band, respectively. Thus, in the aqueous β-CD solutions the carboxylic acid group of DMABA in the excited-state can be readily hydrogen bonded with the secondary hydroxyl group of β-CD while in aqueous and α-CD solutions the carboxylic acid group of DMABA has the hydrogen-bonding interaction with water. Consequently, in the aqueous β-CD solutions the enhancement of the I a /I b value arises from the intermolecular hydrogen-bonding interaction between DMABA and the secondary hydroxyl group of β-CD as well as the lower polarity of the rim of the β-CD cavity compared to bulk water. This is also supported by the increase of the association constant for DMABA/β-CD complex in the presence of silver colloids 17. Sampling system for pulsed signals. Study of the radioactive lifetimes of excited 3{sup 2}P1/2 and 3{sup 2}P3/2 states of Na, excited by a tunable dye laser; Sistema de muestreo para senales pulsadas. Estudio de vidas medias de niveles 3{sup 2} P1/2 y 3{sup 2}P3/2 excitados por un laser de colorantes pulsado Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB) Thomas, P; Campos, J 1979-07-01 A system for sampling and averaging repetitive signals in the order of nanoseconds is discussed. The system uses as storage memory a multichannel analyzer operating in multi scaling mode. This instrument is employed for the measurement of atomic level lifetimes using a dye laser to excite the atoms and is applied to the study of lifetimes of the 3{sup 2}P1/2 and 3{sup 2}P3/2 states of sodium. (Author) 32 refs. 18. pH Optimum of Hemagglutinin-Mediated Membrane Fusion Determines Sensitivity of Influenza A Viruses to the Interferon-Induced Antiviral State and IFITMs. Science.gov (United States) Gerlach, Thomas; Hensen, Luca; Matrosovich, Tatyana; Bergmann, Janina; Winkler, Michael; Peteranderl, Christin; Klenk, Hans-Dieter; Weber, Friedemann; Herold, Susanne; Pöhlmann, Stefan; Matrosovich, Mikhail 2017-06-01 The replication and pathogenicity of influenza A viruses (IAVs) critically depend on their ability to tolerate the antiviral interferon (IFN) response. To determine a potential role for the IAV hemagglutinin (HA) in viral sensitivity to IFN, we studied the restriction of IAV infection in IFN-β-treated human epithelial cells by using 2:6 recombinant IAVs that shared six gene segments of A/Puerto Rico/8/1934 virus (PR8) and contained HAs and neuraminidases of representative avian, human, and zoonotic H5N1 and H7N9 viruses. In A549 and Calu-3 cells, viruses displaying a higher pH optimum of HA-mediated membrane fusion, H5N1-PR8 and H7N9-PR8, were less sensitive to the IFN-induced antiviral state than their counterparts with HAs from duck and human viruses, which fused at a lower pH. The association between a high pH optimum of fusion and reduced IFN sensitivity was confirmed by using HA point mutants of A/Hong Kong/1/1968-PR8 that differed solely by their fusion properties. Furthermore, similar effects of the viral fusion pH on IFN sensitivity were observed in experiments with (i) primary human type II alveolar epithelial cells and differentiated cultures of human airway epithelial cells, (ii) nonrecombinant zoonotic and pandemic IAVs, and (iii) preparations of IFN-α and IFN-λ1. A higher pH of membrane fusion and reduced sensitivity to IFN correlated with lower restriction of the viruses in MDCK cells stably expressing the IFN-inducible transmembrane proteins IFITM2 and IFITM3, which are known to inhibit viral fusion. Our results reveal that the pH optimum of HA-driven membrane fusion of IAVs is a determinant of their sensitivity to IFN and IFITM proteins. IMPORTANCE The IFN system constitutes an important innate defense against viral infection. Substantial information is available on how IAVs avoid detection by sensors of the IFN system and disable IFN signaling pathways. Much less is known about the ability of IAVs to tolerate the antiviral activity of IFN 19. Performatividade, privatização e o pós-Estado do Bem-Estar Performativity, privatisation and the Post-Welfare State Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden) Stephen J. Ball 2004-12-01 20. Two- and quasi-two-body strange particle final state production in π+p interactions at low to intermediate energies International Nuclear Information System (INIS) Hanson, P. 1982-10-01 The two and quasi-two body final states Σ + K + , Σ + K* (892) + , Σ*(1385) + K + , Σ(1385) + K*(892) + produced by neutral strangeness exchange in π + p interactions are studied using our own 1-3 GeV/c data, comprising the 14 incident momenta of a two million picture bubble chamber experiment, in combination with the world data on the same and related channels. Because low energy resonance formation is not strongly coupled to the Σ,Σ* production channels, at very modest incident momenta their dominant features are seen to be understandable in terms of high energy hypercharge exchange phenomenology. We find that Regge models fitted to data in the 10 to 20 GeV/c range adequately describe the Σ and Σ* channels down to within a few hundred MeV/c of threshold and out to large center of mass scattering angles, and that over the range of the available world data weak exchange degeneracy expectations for these reactions are at least qualitatively successful. We observe that the SU(2), SU(3) flavor symmetries successfully describe these hypercharge exchange processes and relate them to charge exchange via sum rules and equalities expressing flavor independence of the strong interaction; in particular, we derive and test on the available world data a mass broken SU(3) sum rule for π + p → K + Σ + , π - p → K 0 Λ, K - p → anti K 0 n and test over a wider range of momenta than before an earlier expression relating Σ* and Δ production. We also find at least qualitative agreement between quark model predictions for forward hypercharge exchange and the data, and we find that 90 0 hypercharge exchange cross sections also conform to the expectations of the quark constituent picture for hadrons 1. Design and testing of a process-based groundwater vulnerability assessment (P-GWAVA) system for predicting concentrations of agrichemicals in groundwater across the United States Science.gov (United States) Barbash, Jack E; Voss, Frank D. 2016-03-29 Efforts to assess the likelihood of groundwater contamination from surface-derived compounds have spanned more than three decades. Relatively few of these assessments, however, have involved the use of process-based simulations of contaminant transport and fate in the subsurface, or compared the predictions from such models with measured data—especially over regional to national scales. To address this need, a process-based groundwater vulnerability assessment (P-GWAVA) system was constructed to use transport-and-fate simulations to predict the concentration of any surface-derived compound at a specified depth in the vadose zone anywhere in the conterminous United States. The system was then used to simulate the concentrations of selected agrichemicals in the vadose zone beneath agricultural areas in multiple locations across the conterminous United States. The simulated concentrations were compared with measured concentrations of the compounds detected in shallow groundwater (that is, groundwater drawn from within a depth of 6.3 ± 0.5 meters [mean ± 95 percent confidence interval] below the water table) in more than 1,400 locations across the United States. The results from these comparisons were used to select the simulation approaches that led to the closest agreement between the simulated and the measured concentrations.The P-GWAVA system uses computer simulations that account for a broader range of the hydrologic, physical, biological and chemical phenomena known to control the transport and fate of solutes in the subsurface than has been accounted for by any other vulnerability assessment over regional to national scales. Such phenomena include preferential transport and the influences of temperature, soil properties, and depth on the partitioning, transport, and transformation of pesticides in the subsurface. Published methods and detailed soil property data are used to estimate a wide range of model input parameters for each site, including surface 2. The nature of Zb states from a combined analysis of Υ(5S) → hb(mP)π+π- and Υ(5S) → B(*) anti B(*)π International Nuclear Information System (INIS) Huo, Wen-Sheng; Chen, Guo-Ying 2016-01-01 With a combined analysis of data on Υ(5S) → h b (1P, 2P)π + π - and Υ(5S) → B (*) anti B (*) π in an effective field theory approach, we determine resonance parameters of Z b states in two scenarios. In one scenario we assume that Z b states are pure molecular states, while in the other one we assume that Z b states contain compact components. We find that the present data favor that there should be some compact components inside Z b (') associated with themolecular components. By fitting the invariant mass spectra of Υ(5S) → h b (1P, 2P)π + π - and Υ(5S) → B (*) anti B * π, we determine that the probability of finding the compact components in Z b states may be as large as about 40 %. (orig.) 3. Comparison of Benedict-Webb-Rubin, Starling and Lee-Kesler equations of state for use in P-V-T calculations International Nuclear Information System (INIS) McFee, D.G.; Mueller, K.H.; Lielmezs, J. 1982-01-01 By means of the available experimental gas compressibility data, the predictive accuracy of the Benedict-Webb-Rubin, Starling and Lee-Kesler equations was tested over wide temperature and pressure ranges for the following commonly used industrial gases: CH 4 , C 2 H 6 , C 3 H 8 , CO 2 , Ar, He, H 2 and N 2 . The root mean square (RMS) percent errors calculated over the T-P range investigated for all compounds, showed a degree of superiority and ease of use of the Lee-Kesler equation over the Benedict-Webb-Rubin and Starling equations. In order to treat quantal fluids H 2 and He, the Benedict-Webb-Rubin equation was modified by making constant B 0 temperature dependent, while the Starling and Lee-Kesler equations were rewritten through inclusion of quantum effect corrected pseudo-critical state parameters. (orig.) 4. Search for exotic barton resonances in the final states of K-p and K-d interactions at 2.9 GeV/c International Nuclear Information System (INIS) Staab, R.W. 1975-11-01 The reactions K - p → Ψ 0 π - π + K 0 in hydrogen and K - n → Ψ - π - K + in deuterium were analyzed for isotopic spin-3/2 exotic cascade resonance production at a K - beam momentum of 2.9 GeV/c. In addition, the strangeness +1 baryons (Z*'s) were searched for in the reaction K - d → Ψ - Z* at the same beam momentum. The three particle states under consideration lie at the corners of an exotic decuplet. The data came from the Brandeis-Maryland-Syracuse-Tufts collaboration involving two experiments at the 31'' bubble chamber at Brookhaven National Laboratory. Each involved 10 6 pictures with a 30 event/μbarn exposure in hydrogen and a 17 event/μbarn exposure in deuterium 5. Avalanche mode of high-voltage overloaded p{sup +}–i–n{sup +} diode switching to the conductive state by pulsed illumination Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB) Kyuregyan, A. S., E-mail: ask@vei.ru [Lenin All-Russia Electrical Engineering Institute (Russian Federation) 2015-07-15 A simple analytical theory of the picosecond switching of high-voltage overloaded p{sup +}–i–n{sup +} photodiodes to the conductive state by pulsed illumination is presented. The relations between the parameters of structure, light pulse, external circuit, and main process characteristics, i.e., the amplitude of the active load current pulse, delay time, and switching duration, are derived and confirmed by numerical simulation. It is shown that the picosecond light pulse energy required for efficient switching can be decreased by 6–7 orders of magnitude due to the intense avalanche multiplication of electrons and holes. This offers the possibility of using pulsed semiconductor lasers as a control element of optron pairs. 6. A new dark-dotted species of Hypostomus Lacépède (Siluriformes: Loricariidae from rio Paraguaçu, Bahia State, Brazil Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden) Angela M. Zanata Full Text Available A new species of Hypostomus Lacépède is described from the rio Paraguaçu basin, Bahia State, Brazil. The new species is distinguished from its congeners by having black and conspicuous dots on a pale background, which are similar in size on the head, trunk, and fins, along with ventral surface of head and abdomen naked or the latter plated exclusively on its anterior portion, absence of ridges on head and trunk, and caudal-fin lobes relatively similar in length. The new species further differs from the sympatric H. chrysostiktos by having seven branched dorsal-fin rays instead of 10-11 and represents the eleventh siluriform species endemic to the rio Paraguaçu basin. 7. Avalanche mode of high-voltage overloaded p+–i–n+ diode switching to the conductive state by pulsed illumination International Nuclear Information System (INIS) Kyuregyan, A. S. 2015-01-01 A simple analytical theory of the picosecond switching of high-voltage overloaded p + –i–n + photodiodes to the conductive state by pulsed illumination is presented. The relations between the parameters of structure, light pulse, external circuit, and main process characteristics, i.e., the amplitude of the active load current pulse, delay time, and switching duration, are derived and confirmed by numerical simulation. It is shown that the picosecond light pulse energy required for efficient switching can be decreased by 6–7 orders of magnitude due to the intense avalanche multiplication of electrons and holes. This offers the possibility of using pulsed semiconductor lasers as a control element of optron pairs 8. Electron capture into the 3s, 3p, 3d states and the 3, 4, 5, 6 levels of H by proton impact on gases International Nuclear Information System (INIS) Lenormand, J. 1976-01-01 The excitation of the Hsub(α), Hsub(β), Hsub(γ), Hsub(delta) Balmer lines by means of 15-85keV protons incident on noble-gas and molecular targets have been observed. Absolute cross-sections for electron capture by the 3l (l=s, p, d) states and the 3, 4, 5, 6 levels of hydrogen atom have been determined with He, Ne, Ar, Kr, Xe, N 2 and O 2 . Polarizations of the Hsub(α) and Hsub(β) lines have been measured for 10-70keV protons on Ar, Kr, and Xe. Absolute cross-sections for the emission of the 3914A band of N 2 + have been obtained for 10-100keV protons on the gaseous nitrogen target [fr 9. Study of high spin states in 68Zn and 68Ga using (α,pγ) and (α,nγ) reactions International Nuclear Information System (INIS) Berthet, Bernard. 1976-01-01 Yrast levels of 68 Zn and 6 Ga have been studied via the reactions 65 Cu(α,pγ) 68 Zn, 65 Cu(α,nγ) 68 Ga at Esub(α)=12-21MeV and 66 Zn(α,pnγ) 68 Ga at Esub(α)=25-40MeV. The level schemes have been established by means of relative yield functions, electronic timing measurements, prompt and delayed γ-γ coincidences, angular distributions and directional orientation coincidences. Spin up to 8 were assigned to observed states, for 68 Zn. For 68 Ga, spins up to 11 + were assigned to level up to 4MeV excitation and the higher ones were interpreted by coupling a 67 Ga core with a 1gsub(9/2) neutron [fr 10. Spectroscopy of low-lying single-particle states in $^{81}$Zn populated in the $^{80}$Zn(d,p) reaction CERN Multimedia The aim of this proposal is the study of single-particle states of $^{81}$Zn via the $^{80}$Zn(d,p) reaction in inverse kinematics. $^{81}$Zn will be produced by means of a laser-ionized, 5.5 MeV/u HIE-Isolde $^{80}$Zn beam impinging on a deuterated-polyethylene target. The protons and $\\gamma$-rays emitted in the reaction will be studied using the Miniball + T-REX setup. This experiment will constitute the first spectroscopic study of $^{81}$Zn, which is critically important to determine the energy and ordering of neutron single-particle orbits above the N=50 gap and the properties of $^{78}$Ni. 11. Valence band structure and density of states effective mass model of biaxial tensile strained silicon based on k · p theory International Nuclear Information System (INIS) Kuang Qian-Wei; Liu Hong-Xia; Wang Shu-Long; Qin Shan-Shan; Wang Zhi-Lin 2011-01-01 After constructing a stress and strain model, the valence bands of in-plane biaxial tensile strained Si is calculated by k · p method. In the paper we calculate the accurate anisotropy valance bands and the splitting energy between light and heavy hole bands. The results show that the valance bands are highly distorted, and the anisotropy is more obvious. To obtain the density of states (DOS) effective mass, which is a very important parameter for device modeling, a DOS effective mass model of biaxial tensile strained Si is constructed based on the valance band calculation. This model can be directly used in the device model of metal—oxide semiconductor field effect transistor (MOSFET). It also a provides valuable reference for biaxial tensile strained silicon MOSFET design. (condensed matter: electronic structure, electrical, magnetic, and optical properties) 12. Low-energy measurements of electron-photon angular correlation in electron-impact excitation of the 21P state of helium International Nuclear Information System (INIS) Steph, N.C.; Golden, D.E. 1983-01-01 Electron-photon angular correlations between electrons which have excited the 2 1 P state of He and photons from the 2 1 P→1 1 S transition have been studied for 27-, 30-, 35-, and 40-eV incident electrons. Values of lambda and Vertical BarchiVertical Bar obtained from these measurements are compared to values obtained in distorted-wave and R-matrix calculations. The values of lambda and Vertical BarchiVertical Bar have been combined to examine the behavior of Vertical BarO 1 /sub -//sup colvertical-bar/ [lambda(1-lambda)sinVertical BarchiVertical Bar], the nonvanishing component of orientation. At 27 eV, a substantial decrease was observed in the values of lambda and Vertical BarO 1 /sub -//sup colvertical-bar/, compared with their values for E> or =30 eV 13. O desenvolvimento de competências gerenciais nas escolas públicas estaduais The development of managerial skills in state public schools Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden) Veronica Bezerra de Araújo Galvão 2012-03-01 14. Pedagogical experiment of the first rector of the Ural state mining institute P.P. Von Weymarn as an effort to reform the higher education institution in 1917-1920 Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden) Н. Г. Валиев 2017-12-01 Full Text Available Based on sources recently discovered and included in the database of scientific publications, the article analyzes the pedagogical activity of the scientist-chemist, the first rector and founder of the Ural Mining Institute in Ekaterinburg Petr Petrovich von Weymarn, whose name is now almost forgotten. The article shows that this activity can be evaluated as a pedagogical experiment on reformation of the higher education institution system, which could have been adopted in Russia if Bolsheviks lost the Civil War. Pedagogical activity of von Weymarn has a theoretical basis that he developed under the influence of Wilhelm Ostwald, the Nobel Prize winner in chemistry and the idealist philosopher, as well as the example of the Petrograd (Petersburg Mining Institute, which for von Weymarn was not only an alma mater but an example of a reformist attitudes toward the scientific and pedagogical process in higher education.The article gives a detailed analysis of the currently available philosophical and pedagogical essays of P.P. von Weymarn, known as «Essays on the Energy of Culture», as well as the practical application of these theoretical works on the basis of the Ural Mining Institute in Ekaterinburg and in Vladivostok.With the advent of Soviet power, von Weymarn's pedagogical experiment was forcibly interrupted, and he became «persona non-grata» in the Soviet Union, but now his name is being restored. Unfortunately, he is known either as a chemist or as the founder and first rector of the current Ural State Mining University, but not as a teacher who offered his view of reforming the higher school system. This article fills this gap, revealing not only the work of von Weymarn, but also describing the difficult period of changing the old scientific school system, which could have taken a completely different development path. 15. Generalized valence bond description of the ground states (X(1)Σg(+)) of homonuclear pnictogen diatomic molecules: N2, P2, and As2. Science.gov (United States) Xu, Lu T; Dunning, Thom H 2015-06-09 The ground state, X1Σg+, of N2 is a textbook example of a molecule with a triple bond consisting of one σ and two π bonds. This assignment, which is usually rationalized using molecular orbital (MO) theory, implicitly assumes that the spins of the three pairs of electrons involved in the bonds are singlet-coupled (perfect pairing). However, for a six-electron singlet state, there are five distinct ways to couple the electron spins. The generalized valence bond (GVB) wave function lifts this restriction, including all of the five spin functions for the six electrons involved in the bond. For N2, we find that the perfect pairing spin function is indeed dominant at Re but that it becomes progressively less so from N2 to P2 and As2. Although the perfect pairing spin function is still the most important spin function in P2, the importance of a quasi-atomic spin function, which singlet couples the spins of the electrons in the σ orbitals while high spin coupling those of the electrons in the π orbitals on each center, has significantly increased relative to N2 and, in As2, the perfect pairing and quasi-atomic spin couplings are on essentially the same footing. This change in the spin coupling of the electrons in the bonding orbitals down the periodic table may contribute to the rather dramatic decrease in the strengths of the Pn2 bonds from N2 to As2 as well as in the increase in their chemical reactivity and should be taken into account in more detailed analyses of the bond energies in these species. We also compare the spin coupling in N2 with that in C2, where the quasi-atomic spin coupling dominants around Re. 16. Integrated analysis of the N2 and C O2 projects at the PETROBRAS/E and P - Bahia State -Brazil International Nuclear Information System (INIS) Rabinovitz, Andre; Ferreira, Luiz Eraldo A.; Rocha, Paulo Sergio; Silva, Gilberto Neto da; Campozana, Fernando P. 2000-01-01 After considering that N 2 obtained from flue gas with the use of the separated CO 2 rich current is the best economical alternative for the replacement of natural gas injection for some Reconcavo Basin oil fields and the huge potential for miscible flooding projects at that area, PETROBRAS/E and P-Ba decided to perform an integrated analysis of their N 2 and CO 2 projects in order to maximize their results. Candeias and Agua Grande fields are the main targets for natural gas substitution. They will consume 400 and 700 Mm 3 /d and will make available 80 and 140 ton/d of CO 2 , respectively, to be used in miscible flooding projects. These projects will increase the natural gas availability for the fast growing market at Bahia state and produce up to 220 m 3 /d of oil with an increase of 6.7 % in the ultimate recovery of Santiago/Block 3 reservoir at Miranga field. The integrated analysis took in account all the facilities, works, and services necessary to implement the projects including: separation of the currents from the flue gas, pipelines, compressors, N 2 separation from the produced gas, and workovers. Besides, it was also considered the impact of these projects on the operational costs of those fields and the possibility of using the contaminated gas for future WAG projects. This paper presents the premises, the alternatives and the economical results obtained from the integrated analysis of the PETROBRAS/E and P-Bahia State, Brazil, N 2 and CO 2 projects. (author) 17. Effect of Au{sup 8+} irradiation on Ni/n-GaP Schottky diode: Its influence on interface state density and relaxation time Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB) Shiwakoti, N.; Bobby, A. [Department of Applied Physics, Indian Institute of Technology (ISM) Dhanbad, Jharkhand 826004 (India); Asokan, K. [Inter University Accelerator Centre, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi 110067 (India); Antony, Bobby, E-mail: bka.ism@gmail.com [Department of Applied Physics, Indian Institute of Technology (ISM) Dhanbad, Jharkhand 826004 (India) 2017-01-01 The in-situ capacitance-frequency and conductance-frequency measurements of 100 MeV Au{sup 8+} swift heavy ion irradiated Ni/n-GaP Schottky structure at a constant bias voltage have been carried out in the frequency range 1 kHz–1 MHz at room temperature. The interface states density and the relaxation time of the charge carriers have been calculated from Nicollian and Brews method. Various dielectric parameters such as dielectric constant, dielectric loss, loss tangent, series resistance, ac conductivity, real and imaginary parts of electric modulus have been extracted and analyzed under complex permittivity and complex electric modulus formalisms. The capacitance and conductance characteristics are found to exhibit complex behaviors at lower frequency region (1–20 kHz) for all the samples. The observed peaks and dips at low frequency region are attributed to the relaxation mechanisms of charge carriers and the interface or dipolar polarization at the interface. The dielectric properties are found to be effectively changed by the ion fluence which is attributed to the variation in interface states density and their relaxation time. 18. Widths of atomic 4s and 4p vacancy states, 46 less than or equal to Z less than or equal to 50 Science.gov (United States) Hsiungchen, M.; Crasemann, B.; Yin, L. I.; Tsang, T.; Adler, I. 1975-01-01 Auger and X-ray photoelectron spectra involving N1, N2, and N3 vacancy states of Pd, Ag, Cd, In, and Sn were measured and compared with results of free atom calculations. As previously observed in Cu and Zn Auger spectra that involve 3d-band electrons, free-atom characteristics with regard to widths and structure were found in the Ag and Cd M4-N4,5N4,5 and M5-N4,5N4,5 Auger spectra that arise from transitions of 4d-band electrons. Theoretical N1 widths computed with calculated free-atom Auger energies agree well with measurements. Theory however predicts wider N2 than N3 vacancy states (as observed for Xe), while the measured N2 and N3 widths are nearly equal to each other and to the average of the calculated N2 and N3 widths. The calculations are made difficult by the exceedingly short lifetime of some 4p vacancies and by the extreme sensitivity of super-Coster-Kronig rates, which dominate the deexcitation, to the transition energy and to the fine details of the atomic potential. 19. Comparison of the oxidation state of Fe in comet 81P/Wild 2 and chondritic-porous interplanetary dust particles Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB) Ogliore, Ryan C.; Butterworth, Anna L.; Fakra, Sirine C.; Gainsforth, Zack; Marcus, Matthew A.; Westphal, Andrew J. 2010-07-16 The fragile structure of chondritic-porous interplanetary dust particles (CP-IDPs) and their minimal parent-body alteration have led researchers to believe these particles originate in comets rather than asteroids where aqueous and thermal alterations have occurred. The solar elemental abundances and atmospheric entry speed of CP-IDPs also suggest a cometary origin. With the return of the Stardust samples from Jupiter-family comet 81P/Wild 2, this hypothesis can be tested. We have measured the Fe oxidation state of 15 CP-IDPs and 194 Stardust fragments using a synchrotron-based x-ray microprobe. We analyzed {approx}300 ng of Wild 2 material - three orders of magnitude more material than other analyses comparing Wild 2 and CP-IDPs. The Fe oxidation state of these two samples of material are > 2{sigma} different: the CP-IDPs are more oxidized than the Wild 2 grains. We conclude that comet Wild 2 contains material that formed at a lower oxygen fugacity than the parent-body, or parent bodies, of CP-IDPs. If all Jupiter-family comets are similar, they do not appear to be consistent with the origin of CP-IDPs. However, comets that formed from a different mix of nebular material and are more oxidized than Wild 2 could be the source of CP-IDPs. 20. X-ray spectral study of the Th6p,5f electron states in ThO2 and ThF4 International Nuclear Information System (INIS) Teterin, Y.A.; Nikitin, A.S.; Teterin, A.Y.; Ivanov, K.E.; Utkin, I.O.; Nerehov, V.A.; Ryzhkov, M.V.; Vukchevich, I.J. 2002-01-01 The study of the Th6p,5f electron states in Th, ThO 2 and ThF was carried out on the basis of the X-ray photoelectron fine spectral structure parameters in the binding energy range of 0-∼ 1000 eV, X-ray O 4,5 (Th) emission spectra of the shallow (0-∼50 eV) electrons and results of theoretical calculations. As a result, despite the absence of the Th5f electrons in thorium atoms, the Th5f atomic orbitals were established to participate in the formation of molecular orbitals in thorium dioxide and tetrafluoride. In the MO LCAO approximation this allowed to suggest the possible existence of filled Th5f electronic states in thorium compounds. On the basis of the X-ray O 4,5 (Th) emission spectral structure parameters the effective formation of the inner valence molecular orbitals in the studied compounds was confirmed. (authors) 1. The importance of the neutral region resistance for the calculation of the interface state in Pb/p-Si Schottky contacts International Nuclear Information System (INIS) Aydin, M.E.; Akkilic, K.; Kilicoglu, T. 2004-01-01 We have fabricated H-terminated Pb/p-type Si Schottky contacts with and without the native oxide layer to explain the importance of the fact that the neutral region resistance value is considered in calculating the interface state density distribution from the nonideal forward bias current-voltage (I-V) characteristics. The diodes with the native oxide layer (metal-insulating layer-semiconductor (MIS)) showed nonideal I-V behavior with an ideality factor value of 1.310 and the barrier height value of 0.746eV. An ideality factor value of 1.065 and a barrier height value of 0.743eV were obtained for the diodes without the native oxide layer (MS). At the same energy position near the top of the valance band, the calculated interface states density (Nss) values, obtained without taking into account the series resistance of the devices (i.e. without subtracting the voltage drop across the series resistance from the applied voltage values V) is almost one order of magnitude larger than Nss values obtained by taking into account the series resistance 2. A P2-Type Layered Superionic Conductor Ga-Doped Na2 Zn2 TeO6 for All-Solid-State Sodium-Ion Batteries. Science.gov (United States) Li, Yuyu; Deng, Zhi; Peng, Jian; Chen, Enyi; Yu, Yao; Li, Xiang; Luo, Jiahuan; Huang, Yangyang; Zhu, Jinlong; Fang, Chun; Li, Qing; Han, Jiantao; Huang, Yunhui 2018-01-24 Here, a P2-type layered Na 2 Zn 2 TeO 6 (NZTO) is reported with a high Na + ion conductivity ≈0.6×10 -3  S cm -1 at room temperature (RT), which is comparable to the currently best Na 1+n Zr 2 Si n P 3-n O 12 NASICON structure. As small amounts of Ga 3+ substitutes for Zn 2+ , more Na + vacancies are introduced in the interlayer gaps, which greatly reduces strong Na + -Na + coulomb interactions. Ga-substituted NZTO exhibits a superionic conductivity of ≈1.1×10 -3  S cm -1 at RT, and excellent phase and electrochemical stability. All solid-state batteries have been successfully assembled with a capacity of ≈70 mAh g -1 over 10 cycles with a rate of 0.2 C at 80 °C. 23 Na nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) studies on powder samples show intra-grain (bulk) diffusion coefficients D NMR on the order of 12.35×10 -12  m 2  s -1 at 65 °C that corresponds to a conductivity σ NMR of 8.16×10 -3  S cm -1 , assuming the Nernst-Einstein equation, which thus suggests a new perspective of fast Na + ion conductor for advanced sodium ion batteries. © 2018 Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim. 3. Numerical Research of Nitrogen Oxides Formation for Justification of Modernization of P-49 Nazarovsky State District Power Plant Boiler on the Low-temperature Swirl Technology of Burning Science.gov (United States) Trinchenko, A. A.; Paramonov, A. P.; Skouditskiy, V. E.; Anoshin, R. G. 2017-11-01 Compliance with increasingly stringent normative requirements to the level of pollutants emissions when using organic fuel in the energy sector as a main source of heat, demands constant improvement of the boiler and furnace equipment and the power equipment in general. The requirements of the current legislation in the field of environmental protection prescribe compliance with established emission standards for both new construction and the improvement of energy equipment. The paper presents the results of numerical research of low-temperature swirl burning in P-49 Nazarovsky state district power plant boiler. On the basis of modern approaches of the diffusion and kinetic theory of burning and the analysis physical and chemical processes of a fuel chemically connected energy transition in thermal, generation and transformation of gas pollutants, the technological method of nitrogen oxides decomposition on the surface of carbon particles with the formation of environmentally friendly carbonic acid and molecular nitrogen is considered during the work of low-temperature swirl furnace. With the use of the developed model, methodology and computer program, variant calculations of the combustion process were carried out and a quantitative estimate of the emission level of the nitrogen oxides of the boiler being modernized. The simulation results the and the experimental data obtained during the commissioning and balance tests of the P-49 boiler with a new furnace are confirmed that the organization of swirl combustion has allowed to increase the efficiency of work, to reduce slagging, to significantly reduce nitrogen oxide emissions, to improve ignition and burnout of fuel. 4. Estado democrático de direito e políticas públicas: estatal é necessariamente público? Democratic rule of law and public policies: does state-owned necessarily mean public? Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden) Ana Monteiro 2006-08-01 5. p p mahulikar Home; Journals; Bulletin of Materials Science. P P MAHULIKAR. Articles written in Bulletin of Materials Science. Volume 41 Issue 2 April 2018 pp 44. 3D Architectured polyazomethine gel synthesis: its self-assembled intercalating complexation with nitro aromatic acceptor · D S RAGHUVANSHI N B SHIRSATH P P ... 6. 1.45 A resolution crystal structure of recombinant PNP in complex with a pM multisubstrate analogue inhibitor bearing one feature of the postulated transition state International Nuclear Information System (INIS) Chojnowski, Grzegorz; Breer, Katarzyna; Narczyk, Marta; Wielgus-Kutrowska, Beata; Czapinska, Honorata; Hashimoto, Mariko; Hikishima, Sadao; Yokomatsu, Tsutomu; Bochtler, Matthias; Girstun, Agnieszka; Staron, Krzysztof; Bzowska, Agnieszka 2010-01-01 Low molecular mass purine nucleoside phosphorylases (PNPs, E.C. 2.4.2.1) are homotrimeric enzymes that are tightly inhibited by immucillins. Due to the positive charge on the ribose like part (iminoribitol moiety) and protonation of the N7 atom of the purine ring, immucillins are believed to act as transition state analogues. Over a wide range of concentrations, immucillins bind with strong negative cooperativity to PNPs, so that only every third binding site of the enzyme is occupied (third-of-the-sites binding). 9-(5',5'-difluoro-5'-phosphonopentyl)-9-deazaguanine (DFPP-DG) shares with immucillins the protonation of the N7, but not the positive charge on the ribose like part of the molecule. We have previously shown that DFPP-DG interacts with PNPs with subnanomolar inhibition constant. Here, we report additional biochemical experiments to demonstrate that the inhibitor can be bound with the same K d (∼190 pM) to all three substrate binding sites of the trimeric PNP, and a crystal structure of PNP in complex with DFPP-DG at 1.45 A resolution, the highest resolution published for PNPs so far. The crystals contain the full PNP homotrimer in the asymmetric unit. DFPP-DG molecules are bound in superimposable manner and with full occupancies to all three PNP subunits. Thus the postulated third-of-the-sites binding of immucillins should be rather attribute to the second feature of the transition state, ribooxocarbenium ion character of the ligand or to the coexistence of both features characteristic for the transition state. The DFPP-DG/PNP complex structure confirms the earlier observations, that the loop from Pro57 to Gly66 covering the phosphate-binding site cannot be stabilized by phosphonate analogues. The loop from Glu250 to Gln266 covering the base-binding site is organized by the interactions of Asn243 with the Hoogsteen edge of the purine base of analogues bearing one feature of the postulated transition state (protonated N7 position). 7. Study of coherent diffractive production reactions of p + C --> [Y$^{0}$K$^{+}$] + C type and observation of the new baryonic states X(2050) --> $\\Sigma$(1385)$^{0}$K$^{+}$ and X(2000) --> $\\Sigma^{0}$K$^{+}$ CERN Document Server Golovkin, S V; Kozhevnikov, A A; Kubarovskii, V P; Kulyavtsev, A I; Kurshetsov, V F; Kushnirenko, A Yu; Landsberg, G L; Molchanov, V V; Mukkin, V A; Solyanik, V I; Vavilov, D V; Victorov, V A; Balats, M Ya; Dzubenko, G B; Kamenskii, A D; Kliger, G K; Kolganov, V Z; Lakaev, V S; Lomkatsi, G S; Nilov, A P; Smolyankin, V T; Vishniakov, V V 1994-01-01 Study of coherent diffractive production reactions of p + C --> [Y$^{0}$K$^{+}$] + C type and observation of the new baryonic states X(2050) --> $\\Sigma$(1385)$^{0}$K$^{+}$ and X(2000) --> $\\Sigma^{0}$K$^{+}$ 8. Professor Tony F. Chan Assistant Director for Mathematics and Physical Sciences National Science Foundation United States of America on 23rd May 2007. Here visiting ATLAS experiment with P. Jenni and M. Tuts. CERN Multimedia Maximilien Brice 2007-01-01 Professor Tony F. Chan Assistant Director for Mathematics and Physical Sciences National Science Foundation United States of America on 23rd May 2007. Here visiting ATLAS experiment with P. Jenni and M. Tuts. 9. Dr Mauro Dell’Ambrogio, State Secretary for Education and Research of the Swiss Confederation visit the ATLAS Cavern and the LHC Machine with with Collaboration Spokesperson P. Jenni and Technical Coordinator M. Nessi. CERN Multimedia Maximilien Brice 2008-01-01 Dr Mauro Dell’Ambrogio, State Secretary for Education and Research of the Swiss Confederation visit the ATLAS Cavern and the LHC Machine with with Collaboration Spokesperson P. Jenni and Technical Coordinator M. Nessi. 10. Searches for $\\Lambda^0_{b}$ and $\\Xi^{0}_{b}$ decays to $K^0_{\\rm S} p \\pi^{-}$ and $K^0_{\\rm S}p K^{-}$ final states with first observation of the $\\Lambda^0_{b} \\rightarrow K^0_{\\rm S}p \\pi^{-}$ decay CERN Document Server 2014-01-01 A search for previously unobserved decays of beauty baryons to the final states $K^0_{\\rm\\scriptscriptstyle S} p \\pi^{-}$ and $K^0_{\\rm\\scriptscriptstyle S}p K^{-}$ is reported. The analysis is based on a data sample corresponding to an integrated luminosity of $1.0\\,$fb$^{-1}$ of $pp$ collisions. The $\\Lambda^0_{b} \\rightarrow \\overline{\\kern -0.2em K}^0_{\\rm\\scriptscriptstyle S}p \\pi^{-}$ decay is observed with a significance of $8.6\\,\\sigma$, with branching fraction \\begin{eqnarray*} {\\cal{B}}(\\Lambda^0_{b} \\rightarrow \\overline{\\kern -0.2em K}^0 p \\pi^{-}) & = & \\left( 1.26 \\pm 0.19 \\pm 0.09 \\pm 0.34 \\pm 0.05 \\right) \\times 10^{-5} \\,, \\end{eqnarray*} where the uncertainties are statistical, systematic, from the ratio of fragmentation fractions $f_{\\Lambda}/f_{d}$, and from the branching fraction of the $B^0 \\rightarrow K^0_{\\rm\\scriptscriptstyle S}\\pi^{+}\\pi^{-}$ normalisation channel, respectively. A first measurement is made of the $CP$ asymmetry, giving \\begin{eqnarray*} A_{C\\!P} (\\Lambda^0_{b... 11. La{sub 3}Cu{sub 4}P{sub 4}O{sub 2} and La{sub 5}Cu{sub 4}P{sub 4}O{sub 4}Cl{sub 2}. Synthesis, structure and {sup 31}P solid state NMR spectroscopy Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB) Bartsch, Timo; Eul, Matthias; Poettgen, Rainer [Muenster Univ. (Germany). Inst. fuer Anorganische und Analytische Chemie; Benndorf, Christopher; Eckert, Hellmut [Muenster Univ. (Germany). Inst. fuer Physikalische Chemie; Sao Paulo Univ., Sao Carlos, SP (Brazil). Inst. of Physics 2016-04-01 The phosphide oxides La{sub 3}Cu{sub 4}P{sub 4}O{sub 2} and La{sub 5}Cu{sub 4}P{sub 4}O{sub 4}Cl{sub 2} were synthesized from lanthanum, copper(I) oxide, red phosphorus, and lanthanum(III) chloride through a ceramic technique. Single crystals can be grown in a NaCl/KCl flux. Both structures were refined from single crystal X-ray diffractometer data: I4/mmm, a = 403.89(4), c = 2681.7(3) pm, wR2 = 0.0660, 269 F{sup 2} values, 19 variables for La{sub 3}Cu{sub 4}P{sub 4}O{sub 2} and a = 407.52(5), c = 4056.8(7) pm, wR2 = 0.0905, 426 F{sup 2} values, 27 variables for La{sub 5}Cu{sub 4}P{sub 4}O{sub 4}Cl{sub 2}. Refinement of the occupancy parameters revealed full occupancy for the oxygen sites in both compounds. The structures are composed of cationic (La{sub 2}O{sub 2}){sup 2+} layers and covalently bonded (Cu{sub 4}P{sub 4}){sup 5-} polyanionic layers with metallic characteristics, and an additional La{sup 3+} between two adjacent (Cu{sub 4}P{sub 4}){sup 5-} layers. The structure of La{sub 5}Cu{sub 4}P{sub 4}O{sub 4}Cl{sub 2} comprises two additional LaOCl slabs per unit cell. Temperature-dependent magnetic susceptibility studies revealed Pauli paramagnetism. The phosphide substructure of La{sub 3}Cu{sub 4}P{sub 4}O{sub 2} was studied by {sup 31}P solid state NMR spectroscopy. By using a suitable dipolar re-coupling approach the two distinct resonances belonging to the P{sub 2}{sup 4-} and the P{sup 3-} units could be identified. 12. The influence of the N(2D) and N(2P) states in the ionization of the pink afterglow of the nitrogen flowing DC discharge Science.gov (United States) Levaton, J.; Klein, A. N.; Binder, C. 2018-01-01 In the present work, we extensively discuss the role of N(2D) and N(2P) atoms in the ionization processes of pink afterglow based on optical emission spectroscopy analysis and kinetic numerical modelling. We studied the pink afterglow generated by a nitrogen DC discharge operating at 0.6 Slm-1 flow rate, 45 mA discharge current and pressures ranging from 250 to 1050 Pa. The 391.4 nm nitrogen band was monitored along the afterglow furnishing the relative density of the N2+(B2Σ+u, v = 0) state. A numerical model developed to calculate the nitrogen species densities in the afterglow fits the excited ion density profiles well for the experimental conditions. From the modelling results, we determine the densities of the N+, N2+, N3+, and N4+ ions; the calculations show that the N3+ ion density predominates in the afterglow at the typical residence times of the pink afterglow. This behaviour has been observed experimentally and reported in the literature. Furthermore, we calculate the fractional contribution in the ionization for several physical-chemical mechanisms in the post-discharge. Even with the N3+ ion density being dominant in the afterglow, we find through the calculations that the ionization is dominated by the reactions N(2D) + N(2P) → N2+(X2Σ+g) + e and N2(a'1Σ-u) + N2(X 1Σg+, v > 24) → N4+ + e. The ion conversion mechanisms, or ion transfer reactions, which are responsible for the fact that the N3+ density dominates in the post-discharge, are investigated. 13. Subsurface pH and carbonate saturation state of aragonite on the Chinese side of the North Yellow Sea: seasonal variations and controls Science.gov (United States) Zhai, W.-D.; Zheng, N.; Huo, C.; Xu, Y.; Zhao, H.-D.; Li, Y.-W.; Zang, K.-P.; Wang, J.-Y.; Xu, X.-M. 2014-02-01 Based upon eight field surveys conducted between May 2011 and May 2012, we investigated seasonal variations in pH, carbonate saturation state of aragonite (Ωarag), and ancillary data on the Chinese side of the North Yellow Sea, a western North Pacific continental margin of major economic importance. Subsurface waters were CO2-undersaturated in May and nearly in equilibrium with atmospheric CO2 in June. From July to October, the fugacity of CO2 (fCO2) of bottom water gradually increased from 438 ± 44 μatm to 630 ± 84 μatm, and pHT decreased from 8.02 ± 0.04 to 7.88 ± 0.06 due to local aerobic remineralization of primary-production-induced biogenic particles. The subsurface community respiration rates in summer and autumn were estimated to be from 0.80 to 1.08 μmol-O2 kg-1 d-1 within a relatively high salinity range of 31.63 to 32.25. From November to May in the next year, however, subsurface fCO2 gradually decreased and pH increased due to cooling and water column ventilation. The corresponding bottom water Ωarag was 1.85 ± 0.21 (May), 1.79 ± 0.24 (June), 1.75 ± 0.27 (July), 1.76 ± 0.29 (August), 1.45 ± 0.31 (October), 1.52 ± 0.25 (November), and 1.41 ± 0.12 (January). Extremely low Ωarag values (from 1.13 to 1.40) were observed mainly in subsurface waters within the high salinity range of 31.63 to 32.25, which covered a major fraction of the study area in October and November. Of the China seas, the North Yellow Sea represents one of the systems most vulnerable to the potential negative effects of ocean acidification. 14. P P Kundu Synthesis and characterization of saturated polyester and nanocomposites derived from glycolyzed PET waste with varied compositions · Sunain Katoch Vinay Sharma P P Kundu · More Details Abstract Fulltext PDF. Saturated polyester resin, derived from the glycolysis of polyethyleneterephthalate (PET) was examined as ... 15. Analysis of the link between the redox state and enzymatic activity of the HtrA (DegP protein from Escherichia coli. Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden) Tomasz Koper Full Text Available Bacterial HtrAs are proteases engaged in extracytoplasmic activities during stressful conditions and pathogenesis. A model prokaryotic HtrA (HtrA/DegP from Escherichia coli requires activation to cleave its substrates efficiently. In the inactive state of the enzyme, one of the regulatory loops, termed LA, forms inhibitory contacts in the area of the active center. Reduction of the disulfide bond located in the middle of LA stimulates HtrA activity in vivo suggesting that this S-S bond may play a regulatory role, although the mechanism of this stimulation is not known. Here, we show that HtrA lacking an S-S bridge cleaved a model peptide substrate more efficiently and exhibited a higher affinity for a protein substrate. An LA loop lacking the disulfide was more exposed to the solvent; hence, at least some of the interactions involving this loop must have been disturbed. The protein without S-S bonds demonstrated lower thermal stability and was more easily converted to a dodecameric active oligomeric form. Thus, the lack of the disulfide within LA affected the stability and the overall structure of the HtrA molecule. In this study, we have also demonstrated that in vitro human thioredoxin 1 is able to reduce HtrA; thus, reduction of HtrA can be performed enzymatically. 16. Alignment and orientation of the 21P state of helium by electron impact at 29.6 and 51.2 eV International Nuclear Information System (INIS) McAdams, R.; Hollywood, M.T.; Crowe, A.; Williams, J.F. 1980-01-01 The electron-photon coincidence technique has been used to deduce the lambda and chi parameters for excitation of the 2 1 P state of helium by electron impact at 29.6 and 51.2 eV incident energies and for electron scattering angles in the range 15 to 130 0 . The lambda parameter shows a minimum at small and large scattering angles. When combined with the data of Hollywood et al (J. Phys. B.; 12:819 (1979)) at 81.2 eV, it can be seen that as the incident energy decreases, the depth of the low-angle minimum decreases and its position moves to larger scattering angles. In contrast, the depth of the second minimum increases with decreasing incident electron energy. The experimental values of lambda and chi are compared with values predicted from the first Born approximation, a distorted-wave polarised-orbital approximation, a first-order many-body theory and an R-matrix theory. None of the theoretical values is in agreement with the measured data although the R-matrix calculation gives a reasonable indication of the features of both lambda and chi at 29.6 eV. (author) 17. The Cd 5 3P0 state in the cadmium-photosensitized reaction and the quenching of the resonance radiation at 326.1 nm by nitrogen, carbon monoxide, and carbon dioxide International Nuclear Information System (INIS) Yamamoto, Shunzo; Takaoka, Motoaki; Tsunashima, Shigeru; Sato, Shin 1975-01-01 The emission of the resonance line at 326.1 nm (5 3 P 1 →5 1 S 0 ) and the absorptions of Cd ( 3 P 0 ) at 340.4 nm (5 3 P 0 →5 3 D 1 ) and of Cd ( 3 P 1 ) at 346.6 nm (5 3 P 1 →5 3 D 2 ) have been measured as functions of the pressure of foreign gases at 250 0 C. At the pressures higher than 1 Torr of any rare gas, an equilibrium was established between 5 3 P 1 and 5 3 P 0 states. The efficiency of nitrogen in producing the 5 3 P 0 state from the 5 3 P 1 state was found to be more than 10 3 times those of rare gases. The quenching efficiencies of nitrogen, carbon monoxide, and carbon dioxide for the resonance radiation at 326.1 nm were also measured by using argon as the diluent gas. The half-quenching pressures obtained were 73+-3, 0.47+-0.01, and 0.096+-0.003 Torr for nitrogen, carbon monoxide, and carbon dioxide respectively. (auth.) 18. Enhancement of efficiency by embedding ZnS and Mn-doped ZnS nanoparticles in P3HT:PCBM hybrid solid state solar cells Science.gov (United States) 2017-06-01 Zinc sulphide (ZnS) and Mn-doped ZnS nanoparticles were synthesized by wet chemical method. The synthesized nanoparticles were characterized by UV-visible, fluorescence, X-ray diffraction (XRD), fourier transform infra-red (FTIR) spectrometer, field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM) and high resolution transmission electron microscope (HRTEM). Scanning electron microscope (SEM) was used to find particle size while chemical composition of the synthesized materials was investigated by EDAX. UV-visible absorption spectrum of Mn-doped ZnS was slightly shifted to lower wavelength with respect to the un-doped zinc sulphide with decrease in the size of nanoparticles. Consequently, the band gap was tuned from 3.04 to 3.13 eV. The photoluminescence (PL) emission positioned at 597 nm was ascribed to 4T1 → 6A1 transition within the 3d shell of Mn2+. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis revealed that the synthesized nanomaterials existed in cubic crystalline state. The effect of embedding un-doped and doped ZnS nanoparticles in the active layer and changing the ratio of PCBM ([6, 6]-phenyl-C61-butyric acid methyl ester) to nanoparticles on the performance of hybrid solar cell was studied. The device with active layer consisting of poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT), [6, 6]-phenyl-C61-butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM), and un-doped ZnS nanoparticles combined in the ratio of (1:0.5:0.5) attained an efficiency of 2.42% which was found 71% higher than the reference device under the same conditions but not containing nanoparticles. Replacing ZnS nanoparticles with Mn-doped ZnS had a little effect on the enhancement of efficiency. The packing behavior and morphology of blend of nanoparticles with P3HT:PCBM were examined using atomic force microscope (AFM) and XRD. Contribution to the topical issue "Materials for Energy harvesting, conversion and storage II (ICOME 2016)", edited by Jean-Michel Nunzi, Rachid Bennacer and Mohammed El Ganaoui 19. Baculovirus-mediated expression and isolation of human ribosomal phosphoprotein P0 carrying a GST-tag in a functional state International Nuclear Information System (INIS) Abo, Yohichi; Hagiya, Akiko; Naganuma, Takao; Tohkairin, Yukiko; Shiomi, Kunihiro; Kajiura, Zenta; Hachimori, Akira; Uchiumi, Toshio; Nakagaki, Masao 2004-01-01 We constructed an overexpression system for human ribosomal phosphoprotein P0, together with P1 and P2, which is crucially important for translation. Genes for these proteins, fused with the glutathione S-transferase (GST)-tag at the N-terminus, were inserted into baculovirus and introduced to insect cells. The fusion proteins, but not the proteins without the tag, were efficiently expressed into cells as soluble forms. The fusion protein GST.P0 as well as GST.P1/GST.P2 was phosphorylated in cells as detected by incorporation of 32 P and reactivity with monoclonal anti-phosphoserine antibody. GST.P0 expressed in insect cells, but not the protein obtained in Escherichia coli, had the ability to form a complex with P1 and P2 proteins and to bind to 28S rRNA. Moreover, the GST.P0-P1-P2 complex participated in high eEF-2-dependent GTPase activity. Baculovirus expression systems appear to provide recombinant human P0 samples that can be used for studies on the structure and function 20. Direct transitions among atomic states of negative reflection symmetry in the scattering plane: Li(2p0,3p0,3d±1)-He collisions International Nuclear Information System (INIS) Nielsen, S.E.; Andersen, N. 1988-01-01 This paper reports coupled channel model calculations of direct transitions in Li-He collisions among excited Li-states of negative reflection symmetry in the scattering plane. Using the natural coordinate frame, transition probabilities and orientation and alignment parameters are predicted as functions of impact energy and impact parameter for various initial states. It is found that for geometrical reasons transition probabilities are one to two orders of magnitude smaller than for corresponding states with positive reflection symmetry. Some experimental consequences of this finding are pointed out. (orig.) 1. Method to quantify the delocalization of electronic states in amorphous semiconductors and its application to assessing charge carrier mobility of p -type amorphous oxide semiconductors Science.gov (United States) de Jamblinne de Meux, A.; Pourtois, G.; Genoe, J.; Heremans, P. 2018-01-01 Amorphous semiconductors are usually characterized by a low charge carrier mobility, essentially related to their lack of long-range order. The development of such material with higher charge carrier mobility is hence challenging. Part of the issue comes from the difficulty encountered by first-principles simulations to evaluate concepts such as the electron effective mass for disordered systems since the absence of periodicity induced by the disorder precludes the use of common concepts derived from condensed matter physics. In this paper, we propose a methodology based on first-principles simulations that partially solves this problem, by quantifying the degree of delocalization of a wave function and of the connectivity between the atomic sites within this electronic state. We validate the robustness of the proposed formalism on crystalline and molecular systems and extend the insights gained to disordered/amorphous InGaZnO4 and Si. We also explore the properties of p -type oxide semiconductor candidates recently reported to have a low effective mass in their crystalline phases [G. Hautier et al., Nat. Commun. 4, 2292 (2013), 10.1038/ncomms3292]. Although in their amorphous phase none of the candidates present a valence band with delocalization properties matching those found in the conduction band of amorphous InGaZnO4, three of the seven analyzed materials show some potential. The most promising candidate, K2Sn2O3 , is expected to possess in its amorphous phase a slightly higher hole mobility than the electron mobility in amorphous silicon. 2. A new analysis of archival images of comet 29P/Schwassmann-Wachmann 1 to constrain the rotation state of and active regions on its nucleus Science.gov (United States) Schambeau, C.; Fernández, Y.; Samarasinha, N.; Mueller, B.; Woodney, L.; Lisse, C.; Kelley, M.; Meech, K. 2014-07-01 Introduction: 29P/Schwassmann-Wachmann 1 (SW1) is a unique comet (and Centaur) with an almost circular orbit just outside the orbit of Jupiter. This orbit results in SW1 receiving a nearly constant insolation, thus giving a simpler environment in which to study thermal properties and behaviors of this comet's nucleus. Such knowledge is crucial for improving our understanding of coma morphology, nuclear thermal evolution, and nuclear structure. To this end, our overarching goal is to develop a thermophysical model of SW1's nucleus that makes use of realistic physical and structural properties as inputs. This model will help to explain the highly variable gas- and dust-production rates of this comet; SW1 is well known for its frequent but stochastic outbursts of mass loss [1,2,3]. Here we will report new constraints on the effective radius, beaming parameter, spin state, and location of active regions on the nucleus of SW1. Results: The analysis completed so far consists of a re-analysis of Spitzer Space Telescope thermal-IR images of SW1 from UT 2003 November 21 and 24, when SW1 was observed outside of outburst. The images are from Spitzer's IRAC 5.8-μm and 8.0-μm bands and MIPS 24.0-μm and 70-μm bands. This analysis is similar to that of Stansberry et al. [4, 5], but with data products generated from the latest Spitzer pipeline. Also, analysis of the 5.8-μm image had not been reported before. Coma removal techniques (e.g., Fernández et al. [6]) were applied to each image letting us measure the nuclear point-source contribution to each image. The measured flux densities for each band were fit with a Near Earth Asteroid Thermal Model (NEATM, [7]) and resulted in values for the effective radius of SW1's nucleus, constraints on the thermal inertia, and an IR beaming-parameter value. Current efforts have shifted to constraining the spin properties of SW1's nucleus and surface areas of activity through use of an existing Monte Carlo model [8, 9] to reproduce 3. História da saúde pública no Estado de São Paulo History of public health in the S. Paulo State, Brazil Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden) Rodolfo dos Santos Mascarenhas 2006-02-01 Full Text Available Estuda-se a história, através da evolução dos serviços estaduais de saúde pública em São Paulo, desde 1891 até o presente. Dois vultos se destacam: Emílio Ribas e Geraldo de Paula Souza. Emílio Ribas conseguiu debelar no fim do século passado surtos epidêmicos de febre amarela, febre tifóide, varíola e cólera e, na Capital, malária. Prova, em um grupo de voluntários, no qual foi o primeiro, a transmissão, por vector, de febre amarela, repetindo, um ano depois, a experiência norte-americana em Cuba. Funda o Instituto Butantã, entregando-o a outro cientista, Vital Brasil. Paula Souza reorganiza, em 1925, o Serviço Sanitário do Estado, introduzindo o centro de saúde, a educação sanitária, a visitação domiciliaria. Lidera, posteriormente, no SESI, a assistência médica, odontológica, alimentar e social do operário. Em junho de 1947 foi criada a Secretaria da Saúde Pública e da Assistência Social cujo primeiro titular foi o Dr. José Q. Guimarães. Deu-se ênfase à implantação de campanhas de erradicação ou controle de doenças transmissíveis (malária, chagas, poliomielite, variola, etc. e à reforma total da Secretaria da Saúde iniciada em 1970.The history through the evolution of the estate public health services in S. Paulo from 1891 till 1971 was studied. Two public health leaders are distinguished: Emilio Ribas and Geraldo de Paula Souza. At the end of the later century Emilio Ribas succeeded in overcoming outbreaks of epidemics, such as yellow fever, smallpox, cholera and malaria in the city of S. Paulo. In a group of volunteers he experimented the transmission of yellow fever by vector, and one year after the American experience in Cuba. He set up the Institute Butantã and placed it in the hands of another great scientist, Vital Brasil. In 1925 Paula Souza reorganizes the Sanitary Service of the State, introducing the health center, public health education, home visits and so on. Later, in the SESI 4. Energies and E1, M1, E2, and M2 transition rates for states of the 2s{sup 2}2p{sup 3}, 2s2p{sup 4}, and 2p{sup 5} configurations in nitrogen-like ions between F III and Kr XXX Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB) Rynkun, P., E-mail: pavel.rynkun@gmail.com [Department of Physics and Information Technologies, Lithuanian University of Educational Science, Studentu 39, LT-08106 Vilnius (Lithuania); Jönsson, P. [Group for Materials Science and Applied Mathematics, Malmö University, 20506 Malmö (Sweden); Gaigalas, G. [Department of Physics and Information Technologies, Lithuanian University of Educational Science, Studentu 39, LT-08106 Vilnius (Lithuania); Vilnius University, Institute of Theoretical Physics and Astronomy, A. Goštauto 12, LT-01108 Vilnius (Lithuania); Froese Fischer, C. [National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899-8420 (United States) 2014-03-15 Based on relativistic wavefunctions from multiconfiguration Dirac–Hartree–Fock and configuration interaction calculations, E1, M1, E2, and M2 transition rates, weighted oscillator strengths, and lifetimes are evaluated for the states of the (1s{sup 2})2s{sup 2}2p{sup 3},2s2p{sup 4}, and 2p{sup 5} configurations in all nitrogen-like ions between F III and Kr XXX. The wavefunction expansions include valence, core–valence, and core–core correlation effects through single–double multireference expansions to increasing sets of active orbitals. The computed energies agree very well with experimental values, with differences of only 300–600 cm{sup −1} for the majority of the levels and ions in the sequence. Computed transitions rates are in close agreement with available data from MCHF-BP calculations by Tachiev and Froese Fischer [G.I. Tachiev, C. Froese Fischer, A and A 385 (2002) 716]. 5. Heavy meson decays and p anti p collisions International Nuclear Information System (INIS) Berger, E.L.; Damgaard, P.H.; Tsokos, K. 1985-01-01 We use the formalism of exclusive processes at high momentum transfer, to give predictions for the decay of the 2 ++ chi state into a p anti p pair and the production cross section for chi in p anti p collisions 6. Amplification at λ ∼ 2.8 A on Xe(L),(2s-bar2p-bar) double-vacancy states produced by 248 nm excitation of Xe clusters in plasma channels International Nuclear Information System (INIS) Borisov, Alex B; Song Xiangyang; Zhang Ping; Dasgupta, Arati; Davis, Jack; Kepple, Paul C; Dai Yang; Boyer, Keith; Rhodes, Charles K 2005-01-01 Xe(L),(2s-bar2p-bar) double-vacancy states undergo strong amplification in relativistic self-trapped plasma channels on 3d → 2p transitions in the λ = 2.78-2.81 A region. The 2 P 3/2 → 2 S 1/2 component at λ ≅ 2.786 A exhibits saturated amplification demonstrated by both (1) the observation of spectral hole-burning in the spontaneous emission profile and (2) the correlated enhancement of 3p → 2s cascade transitions ( 2 S 1/2 → 2 P j ; j = 1/2, 3/2) at λ = 2.558 and λ = 2.600 A. The condition of saturation places a lower limit of ∼10 17 W cm -2 on the intensity of the x-ray beam produced by the amplification in the channel. The anomalous strength of the amplification signalled by the saturation mirrors the equivalently anomalous behaviour observed for all 3d → 2p transitions corresponding to 2p-bar) single-vacancy Xe q+ arrays (q = 31, 32, 34, 35, 36) that exhibit gain. The conspicuous absence of amplification involving states with (2p-bar) 2 double-vacancy configurations suggests the operation of a selective interaction that enhances the production of 2s-bar2p-bar states. Overall, the generation of double-vacancy states of this genre demonstrates that an excitation rate approaching ∼1 W/atom for ionic species is achievable in self-trapped plasma channels 7. p anti p atom spectroscopy International Nuclear Information System (INIS) Kerbikov, B.O. 1980-01-01 A detailed investigation of the nuclear shifts of p anti p atom s levels is presented. The problem is discussed within the framework of a simple model assuming the existence of such an interaction radius R that strong interaction may be neglected for the range r>R and the Coulomb one for the range r< R. The analytic structure of the S matrix is taken into account. It is shown that the protonium spectrum may be completely rearranged due to the interaction in n anti n channel. A procedure has been developed for the localization of the instability domains of the multichannel system spectrum. The data on the nuclear shifts do not allow qualitative predictions on the position of the nuclear-like state near the threshold 8. Comparison of dynamic properties of ground- and excited-state emission in p-doped InAs/GaAs quantum-dot lasers Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB) Arsenijević, D., E-mail: dejan@sol.physik.tu-berlin.de; Schliwa, A.; Schmeckebier, H.; Stubenrauch, M.; Spiegelberg, M.; Bimberg, D. [Institut für Festkörperphysik, Technische Universität Berlin, Hardenbergstr. 36, 10623 Berlin (Germany); Mikhelashvili, V. [Department of Electrical Engineering and The Russell Berrie Nanotechnology Institute, Technion, Haifa 32000 (Israel); Eisenstein, G. [Institut für Festkörperphysik, Technische Universität Berlin, Hardenbergstr. 36, 10623 Berlin (Germany); Department of Electrical Engineering and The Russell Berrie Nanotechnology Institute, Technion, Haifa 32000 (Israel) 2014-05-05 The dynamic properties of ground- and excited-state emission in InAs/GaAs quantum-dot lasers operating close to 1.31 μm are studied systematically. Under low bias conditions, such devices emit on the ground state, and switch to emission from the excited state under large drive currents. Modification of one facet reflectivity by deposition of a dichroic mirror yields emission at one of the two quantum-dot states under all bias conditions and enables to properly compare the dynamic properties of lasing from the two different initial states. The larger differential gain of the excited state, which follows from its larger degeneracy, as well as its somewhat smaller nonlinear gain compression results in largely improved modulation capabilities. We demonstrate maximum small-signal bandwidths of 10.51 GHz and 16.25 GHz for the ground and excited state, respectively, and correspondingly, large-signal digital modulation capabilities of 15 Gb/s and 22.5 Gb/s. For the excited state, the maximum error-free bit rate is 25 Gb/s. 9. Population Estimates and Projections: Projections of the Population of the United States, 1975 to 2050. Current Population Reports, Series P-25, No. 601. Science.gov (United States) Gibson, Campbell; Wetrogan, Signe This report presents population projections of the United States by age, sex, and the components of population changes, births, deaths, and net immigration. These projections are shown annually by race--white and black--from 1975 to 2000 and in less detail for the total population from 2000 to 2050. In 1974, the population of the United States,… 10. Solid-state pH ultramicrosensor based on a tungstic oxide film fabricated on a tungsten nanoelectrode and its application to the study of endothelial cells International Nuclear Information System (INIS) Yamamoto, Katsunobu; Shi Guoyue; Zhou Tianshu; Xu Fan; Zhu Min; Liu Min; Kato, Takeshi; Jin Jiye; Jin Litong 2003-01-01 In this paper, preparation of a novel pH ultramicrosensor and its physiological application has been discussed. A tungsten nanoelectrode was produced by an etching method in 0.1 mol/l NaOH solution at the potential of +0.4 V (versus Ag/AgCl reference electrode) for about 100 s and the diameters ranged from 500 to 800 nm. The pH ultramicrosensor was fabricated by producing WO 3 at W nanoelectrode surface by electrooxidation in 2.0 mol/l H 2 SO 4 solution between 1.0 and 2.0 V. At last, Nafion was coated on the surface of WO 3 to protect the pH ultramicrosensor. The W/WO 3 pH ultramicrosensor exhibited a good pH linear region from 2.0 to 12.0 with a super-Nernstian slope of -53.5 ± 0.5 mV/pH unit. Response times ranged from 3 s at about pH 6.0-7.0 up to 15 s at high pH. An interference of various ions to the pH measurement was also studied in this paper. We also studied the lifetime, stability and reproducibility of the W/WO 3 pH ultramicrosensor. In order to testing the performance of W/WO 3 ultramicrosensor, we applied it to measure the extracellular pH values and a pH variation was also given about the normal, damaged and recovery endothelial cells 11. Structural, (197)Au Mössbauer and solid state (31)P CP/MAS NMR studies on bis (cis-bis(diphenylphosphino)ethylene) gold(I) complexes [Au(dppey)(2)]X for X = PF(6), I. Science.gov (United States) Healy, Peter C; Loughrey, Bradley T; Bowmaker, Graham A; Hanna, John V 2008-07-28 (197)Au Mössbauer spectra for the d(10) gold(i) phosphine complexes, [Au(dppey)(2)]X (X = PF(6), I; dppey = (cis-bis(diphenylphosphino)ethylene), and the single crystal X-ray structure and solid state (31)P CPMAS NMR spectrum of [Au(dppey)(2)]I are reported here. In [Au(dppey)(2)]I the AuP(4) coordination geometry is distorted from the approximately D(2) symmetry observed for the PF(6)(-) complex with Au-P bond lengths 2.380(2)-2.426(2) A and inter-ligand P-Au-P angles 110.63(5)-137.71(8) degrees . Quadrupole splitting parameters derived from the Mössbauer spectra are consistent with the increased distortion of the AuP(4) coordination sphere with values of 1.22 and 1.46 mm s(-1) for the PF(6)(-) and I(-) complexes respectively. In the solid state (31)P CP MAS NMR spectrum of [Au(dppey)(2)]I, signals for each of the four crystallographically independent phosphorus nuclei are observed, with the magnitude of the (197)Au quadrupole coupling being sufficiently large to produce a collapse of (1)J(Au-P) splitting from quartets to doublets. The results highlight the important role played by the counter anion in the determination of the structural and spectroscopic properties of these sterically crowded d(10) complexes. 12. Surface-site-selective study of valence electronic states of a clean Si(111)-7x7 surface using Si L23VV Auger electron and Si 2p photoelectron coincidence measurements International Nuclear Information System (INIS) Kakiuchi, Takuhiro; Tahara, Masashi; Nagaoka, Shin-ichi; Hashimoto, Shogo; Fujita, Narihiko; Tanaka, Masatoshi; Mase, Kazuhiko 2011-01-01 Valence electronic states of a clean Si(111)-7x7 surface are investigated in a surface-site-selective way using high-resolution coincidence measurements of Si pVV Auger electrons and Si 2p photoelectrons. The Si L 23 VV Auger electron spectra measured in coincidence with energy-selected Si 2p photoelectrons show that the valence band at the highest density of states in the vicinity of the rest atoms is shifted by ∼0.95 eV toward the Fermi level (E F ) relative to that in the vicinity of the pedestal atoms (atoms directly bonded to the adatoms). The valence-band maximum in the vicinity of the rest atoms, on the other hand, is shown to be shifted by ∼0.53 eV toward E F relative to that in the vicinity of the pedestal atoms. The Si 2p photoelectron spectra of Si(111)-7x7 measured in coincidence with energy-selected Si L 23 VV Auger electrons identify the topmost surface components, and suggest that the dimers and the rest atoms are negatively charged while the pedestal atoms are positively charged. Furthermore, the Si 2p-Si L 23 VV photoelectron Auger coincidence spectroscopy directly verifies that the adatom Si 2p component (usually denoted by C 3 ) is correlated with the surface state just below E F (usually denoted by S 1 ), as has been observed in previous angle-resolved photoelectron spectroscopy studies. 13. Investigation on ultracold RbCs molecules in (2)0{sup +} long-range state below the Rb(5S{sub 1/2}) + Cs(6P{sub 1/2}) asymptote by high resolution photoassociation spectroscopy Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB) Yuan, Jinpeng; Ji, Zhonghua; Li, Zhonghao; Zhao, Yanting, E-mail: zhaoyt@sxu.edu.cn; Xiao, Liantuan; Jia, Suotang [State Key Laboratory of Quantum Optics and Quantum Optics Devices, Institute of Laser Spectroscopy, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006 (China) 2015-07-28 We present high resolution photoassociation spectroscopy of RbCs molecules in (2)0{sup +} long-range state below the Rb(5S{sub 1/2}) + Cs(6P{sub 1/2}) asymptote and derive the corresponding C{sub 6} coefficient, which is used to revise the potential energy curves. The excited state molecules are produced in a dual-species dark spontaneous force optical trap and detected by ionizing ground state molecules after spontaneous decay, using a high sensitive time-of-flight mass spectrum. With the help of resonance-enhanced two-photon ionization technique, we obtain considerable high resolution photoassociation spectrum with rovibrational states, some of which have never been observed before. By applying the LeRoy-Bernstein method, we assign the vibrational quantum numbers and deduce C{sub 6} coefficient, which agrees with the theoretical value of A{sup 1}Σ{sup +} state correlated to Rb(5S{sub 1/2}) + Cs(6P{sub 1/2}) asymptote. The obtained C{sub 6} coefficient is used to revise the long-range potential energy curve for (2)0{sup +} state, which possesses unique A − b mixing characteristic and can be a good candidate for the production of absolutely ground state molecule. 14. Phosphorus nuclear magnetic resonance studies of the energetic state and of the intracellular pH of the isolated rat heart in the course of ischemia Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB) Rossi, A [Grenoble-1 Univ., 38 (France); Martin, J; de Leiris, J [CEA Centre d' Etudes Nucleaires de Grenoble, 38 (France). Lab. de Chimie Organique Physique 1981-01-01 Continuous measurements of high energy phosphate compounds and intracellular pH in perfused, beating rat hearts, were performed by /sup 31/P nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). Hearts were placed in a 15 mm NMR tube and perfused at 28/sup 0/C by conventional methods with a phosphate-free solution. Phosphorus NMR spectra were recorded at 101,3 MHz in a Brucker WP 250 spectrometer. Global mild ischemia was achieved by reducing the coronary flow to 1/10 of its initial value. Changes in creatine phosphate (CP) and inorganic phosphate (Pi) levels and intracellular pH (pHi) were monitored in the course of a 50 min ischemia and during the post-ischemic phase. When the breakdown of CP was less than 30%, the decrease in pHi was about 0.1 to 0.2 pH unit; for a greater CP decrease, the fall in pHi was about 1 pH unit. 15. MERRA 3D IAU State, Meteorology Instantaneous Monthly (p-coord, 1.25x1.25L42) V5.2.0 Data.gov (United States) National Aeronautics and Space Administration — The MAIMCPASM or instM_3d_asm_Cp data product is the MERRA Data Assimilation System 3-Dimensional assimilated state on pressure, at a reduced resolution. It is a... 16. A comparison of cognitive functions in non-hypoxemic chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD patients and age-matched healthy volunteers using mini-mental state examination questionnaire and event-related potential, P300 analysis Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden) Prem Parkash Gupta 2013-01-01 Full Text Available Objective: To assess sub-clinical cognitive dysfunctions in stable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD patients having no hypoxemia vs. age-matched healthy volunteers using (i an electrophysiological test: Auditory event related potential, P300 test and (ii a questionnaire tool: Mini-mental state examination (MMSE questionnaire. Materials and Methods: Eighty male subjects were included: 40 stable COPD patients (smoking history >20 pack years and 40 healthy volunteers (HVs. Age, duration of illness, smoking pack years, and spirometric indices were assessed. MMSE scores were evaluated in these groups. Latency of P300 wave and amplitude of P300 wave were studied in both groups to detect P300 abnormalities in COPD group. Correlations of P300 abnormalities with patient characteristic parameters and MMSE scores were assessed. In addition, individual COPD patients having significant cognitive dysfunctions beyond cut-off value of 99 th percentile of HVs were analyzed. Results: We observed significantly prolonged P300 latency ( P 0.05 for all. Conclusions: Our study explores cognitive dysfunctions in stable COPD patients with no hypoxemia. This study highlights the relative importance of using MMSE and P300. Cognitive dysfunctions were detected both by MMSE and P300; however, MMSE abnormalities were more frequent compared to P300 abnormalities (27/40 vs. 10/40 in COPD patients. 17. State of the art on the probabilistic safety assessment (P.S.A.); Etat de l'art sur les etudes probabilistes de surete (E.P.S.) Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB) Devictor, N.; Bassi, A.; Saignes, P.; Bertrand, F 2008-07-01 The use of Probabilistic Safety Assessment (PSA) is internationally increasing as a means of assessing and improving the safety of nuclear and non-nuclear facilities. To support the development of a competence on Probabilistic Safety Assessment, a set of states of the art regarding these tools and their use has been made between 2001 and 2005, in particular on the following topics: - Definition of the PSA of level 1, 2 and 3; - Use of PSA in support to design and operation of nuclear plants (risk-informed applications); - Applications to Non Reactor Nuclear Facilities. The report compiled in a single document these states of the art in order to ensure a broader use; this work has been done in the frame of the Project 'Reliability and Safety of Nuclear Facility' of the Nuclear Development and Innovation Division of the Nuclear Energy Division. As some of these states of the art have been made in support to exchanges with international partners and were written in English, a section of this document is written in English. This work is now applied concretely in support to the design of 4. Generation nuclear systems as Sodium-cooled Fast Reactors and especially Gas-cooled Fast Reactor, that have been the subject of communications during the conferences ANS (Annual Meeting 2007), PSA'08, ICCAP'08 and in the journal Science and Technology of Nuclear Installations. (authors) 18. The International Obligations of the European Union and its Member States with regard to Economic Relations with Israeli Settlements, CNCD, FIDH, 71 p. OpenAIRE Dubuisson, François 2014-01-01 The report will demonstrate that under existing international law the EU and its member states have the obligation to refrain from any form of trade or economic relations with Israeli companies established or conducting activities in Palestinian territories. This obligation arises from customary principles that govern States’ international responsibilities and set out the consequences, for third States, of serious breaches of peremptory norms of international law. We will first describe how t... 19. Measurements of the n vector p vector total cross section differences for pure helicity states at 1.20, 2.50 and 3.66 GeV International Nuclear Information System (INIS) Sharov, V.I.; Zaporozhets, S.A.; Ad''yasevich, B.P. 1996-01-01 The quantity Δσ L (n vector p vector), the difference of n vector p vector total cross sections for antiparallel and parallel longitudinal (L) spin states, has been measured for the first time in an energy region of several GeV using a free polarized neutron beam and a polarized proton target. The new data are discussed together with existing results and modern theoretical predictions. This is the first of a planned series of measurements of Δσ L,T (n vector p vector) in this new energy region. 28 refs., 3 figs 20. Peculiarities of the excited J{sup p} = 1{sub +} states in heavy nuclei from two-step gamma-decay cascades. Vol. 2 Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB) Ali, M A [Nuclear Physics Department, Nuclear Research Center, Atomic Energy Authority, Cairo (Egypt); Sukhovoj, A M; Khitrov, V A [Joint institute for nuclear research Frank laboratory of Neutron physics, Dubna, (Russian Federation) 1996-03-01 The compound state gamma-decays, after thermal neutron capture, in the {sup 156,158} Gd, {sup 164} Dy, and {sup 174} Yb deformed nuclei and the {sup 196} Pt transitional nucleus were measured and analysed in a search for giant magnetic dipole resonances (GMDR) levels built on the ground states of these nuclei. The two-step cascade intensities for these nuclei are given and the level densities are deduced. The results obtained are compared with theoretical predictions. For the deformed nuclei, the analysis shows that these GMDR levels built on the ground state are not or probably very weakly populated. The enhancements experimentally observed in the two-step gamma-decay of the compound state of the {sup 196} Pt nucleus to its ground state can be explained qualitatively by the presence of GMDR states at an energy of about 2.8 MeV, with a full width at half maximum of about 1 MeV. 3 tabs. 1. Empirical Algorithms to Predict pH and Aragonite Saturation State on SOCCOM Biogeochemical Argo Floats in the Pacific Sector of the Southern Ocean Science.gov (United States) Williams, N. L.; Juranek, L. W.; Feely, R. A.; Johnson, K. S.; Russell, J. L. 2016-02-01 The Southern Ocean plays a major role in the global uptake, transport, and storage of both heat and carbon, yet it remains one of the least-sampled regions of the ocean. The Southern Ocean Carbon and Climate Observations and Modeling (SOCCOM) project aims to fill the observational gaps by deploying over 200 autonomous profiling floats in the Southern Ocean over the next several years. Initial float deployments have greatly expanded our observational capability to include wintertime measurements as well as under-ice measurements, and many of these floats include novel biogeochemical sensors (pH, nitrate, oxygen). Here we present empirical algorithms that can be used to predict pH and ΩAragonite from other float-measured parameters (temperature, salinity, pressure, nitrate, oxygen). These algorithms were trained using bottle measurements from high-quality repeat hydrographic GO-SHIP cruises. We obtained R2 values of 0.98 (pH) and 0.99 (ΩAragonite) and RMS errors of 0.007 (pH) and 0.052 (ΩAragonite) for data between 100-1500 m. These algorithms will allow us to both validate pH data from these sensors, as well as predict ΩAragonite and pH on floats that do not have pH sensors. Here we present estimated pH and ΩAragonite over 20 months of deployment for several SOCCOM floats in the Pacific Sector of the Southern Ocean. The results show seasonal ranges in surface pH and ΩAragonite of 0.05 and 0.1, respectively. 2. Measurement of the polarization of the Upsilon(1S) and Upsilon(2S) states in p anti-p collisions at s**(1/2) = 1.96 TeV Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database Abazov, V. M.; Abbott, B.; Abolins, M.; Kupčo, Alexander; Lokajíček, Miloš 2008-01-01 Roč. 101, č. 18 (2008), 182004/1-182004/7 ISSN 0031-9007 R&D Projects: GA MŠk LA08047; GA MŠk 1P05LA257; GA MŠk LC527 Institutional research plan: CEZ:AV0Z10100502 Keywords : D0 * Tevatron * meson * polarization Subject RIV: BF - Elementary Particles and High Energy Physics Impact factor: 7.180, year: 2008 3. Search for the Standard Model Higgs Boson in the Diphoton Final State in $p\\bar{p}$ Collisions at $\\sqrt{s}$ = 1.96 TeV Using the CDF II Detector Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB) Bland, Karen Renee [Baylor Univ., Waco, TX (United States) 2012-01-01 We present a search for the Standard Model Higgs boson decaying into a pair of photons produced in p$p\\bar{p}$ collisions with a center of mass energy of 1.96 TeV. The results are based on data corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 10 fb-1 collected by the CDF II detector. Higgs boson candidate events are identified by reconstructing two photons in either the central or plug regions of the detector. The acceptance for identifying photons is significantly increased by using a new algorithm designed to reconstruct photons in the central region that have converted to an electron-positron pair. In addition, a new neural network discriminant is employed to improve the identification of non-converting central photons. No evidence for the Higgs boson is observed in the data, and we set an upper limit on the cross section for Higgs boson production multiplied by the H → γγ branching ratio. For a Higgs boson mass of 125 GeV/c 2 , we obtain an observed (expected) limit of 12.2 (10.8) times the Standard Model prediction at the 95% credibility level. 4. Measurement of $WZ$ production and searches for anomalous top quark decays and Higgs boson production using tri-lepton final states in $p\\bar{p}$ collisions at $\\sqrt{s} = 1.96~\\rm{TeV}$ Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB) McGivern, Carrie Lynne [Univ. of Kansas, Lawrence, KS (United States) 2012-01-01 We present the results of three analyses; a $WZ$ production cross section measurement, a search for new physics in anomalous top quark decays, and the search for the standa

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http://www.onlineprediction.net/?n=Main.ConformalPredictiveSystem

# Conformal Predictive System Conformal predictive systems are introduced in the recent technical report Vovk et al. (2017). Essentially, these are conformal transducers that, for each training sequence and each test object, output p-values that are increasing as a function of the label , assumed to be a real number. The function is then called a predictive distribution. A wide class of conformity measures that often lead to conformal predictive systems is where is the prediction for the label of based on the training sequence and . An even wider class is where is an estimate of the variability or difficulty of computed from the training sequence and . (The methods for computing and are supposed invariant with respect to permutations of .) The width of such conformal predictive distributions is typically equal to , where is the length of the training sequence, except for at most values of . The formal definition of conformal predictive systems takes account of the fact that, in the case of smoothed conformal predictors, also depends on the random number , and a fuller notation is . It is also required that as and as . Notice that in the context of conformal predictive systems the p-values acquire properties of probabilities. Besides, they have some weak properties of object conditionality: e.g., the central prediction regions are not empty, except in very pathological cases. There are universally consistent predictive distributions (Vovk, 2017). ## Conformal decision making Conformal predictive systems can be applied for the purpose of decision making. Universally consistent predictive distributions can be used for making asymptotically efficient decisions. Bibliography

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http://mathoverflow.net/questions/134419/hard-lefschetz-in-de-rham-cohomology

# Hard Lefschetz in De Rham cohomology I'm looking for a reference for Hard Lefschetz theorem in algebraic De Rham cohomology. By this I mean the statement that If $i: Y \hookrightarrow X$ is a smooth hyperplane section of a smooth projective algebraic variety $X$ of dimension $n$ over a field $k$ of characteristic zero and $\omega \in H^2_{DR}(X)$ is its image under the cycle class map, then the operator $L^j: H^{n-j}_{DR}(X) \to H^{n+j} _{DR}(X)$ sending $x$ to $x \cdot \omega^j$ is an isomorphism for $j=1, \ldots, n$. Is a proof of this written somewhere? Weak Lefschetz is proved in Hartshorne's paper "On the de Rham cohomology..." chapter III, section 7 but I was completely unable to find a reference for the former. Thanks Francesco. Is that a proof for algebraic de Rham cohomology or the analytic one? I guess if you know how to do that for analytic you can deduce it for algebraic but you need some small argument when the base field is not $\CC$, don't you? – vicban Jun 21 '13 at 18:50 To expand Francesco's comment: after a field reduction followed an extension, you can assume that the ground field is $\mathbb{C}$. Apply Grothendieck's algebraic de Rham theorem to see that algebraic de Rham cohomology is isomorphic to singular cohomology. After this, the standard proof applies. However, if you are asking for a completely self contained elementary proof, then there isn't one. – Donu Arapura Jun 21 '13 at 18:57

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https://gmatclub.com/forum/if-r-and-s-are-consecutive-even-integers-is-r-greater-than-s-255590.html

It is currently 20 Mar 2018, 18:35 GMAT Club Daily Prep Thank you for using the timer - this advanced tool can estimate your performance and suggest more practice questions. We have subscribed you to Daily Prep Questions via email. Customized for You we will pick new questions that match your level based on your Timer History Track every week, we’ll send you an estimated GMAT score based on your performance Practice Pays we will pick new questions that match your level based on your Timer History Events & Promotions Events & Promotions in June Open Detailed Calendar If r and s are consecutive even integers, is r greater than s ? Author Message TAGS: Hide Tags Math Expert Joined: 02 Sep 2009 Posts: 44351 If r and s are consecutive even integers, is r greater than s ? [#permalink] Show Tags 17 Dec 2017, 01:35 00:00 Difficulty: 55% (hard) Question Stats: 48% (00:51) correct 52% (00:34) wrong based on 97 sessions HideShow timer Statistics If r and s are consecutive even integers, is r greater than s ? (1) r is prime. (2) rs > 0 [Reveal] Spoiler: OA _________________ PS Forum Moderator Joined: 25 Feb 2013 Posts: 1006 Location: India GPA: 3.82 If r and s are consecutive even integers, is r greater than s ? [#permalink] Show Tags 17 Dec 2017, 04:06 Bunuel wrote: If r and s are consecutive even integers, is r greater than s ? (1) r is prime. (2) rs > 0 Is $$r>s$$? Statement 1: $$r=2 => s=0$$ or $$4$$. so $$r$$ can be greater or less than $$s$$. Insufficient Statement 2: both $$r$$ & $$s$$ are either positive or negative. but we don't know their values. Insufficient Combining 1 & 2 we know $$r=2$$ and $$s$$ cannot be $$0$$. hence $$s=4$$ so $$r<s$$. Sufficient Option C SVP Joined: 08 Jul 2010 Posts: 2017 Location: India GMAT: INSIGHT WE: Education (Education) Re: If r and s are consecutive even integers, is r greater than s ? [#permalink] Show Tags 17 Dec 2017, 06:42 Bunuel wrote: If r and s are consecutive even integers, is r greater than s ? (1) r is prime. (2) rs > 0 Question : Is r > s? Statement 1: r is prime. i.e. r = 2, But s may be either 0 (less than r) or 4 (Greater than r) hence NOT SUFFICIENT Statement 2: rs > 0 i.e. either both r and s are Positive or both r and s are Negative, Also no-one of r and s is ZERO but comparison between r and s can't be established hence NOT SUFFICIENT COmbining the two statements r = 2 now s can't be 0 because their product is greater than 0 hence s must be 4 (because r and s are consecutive even Integers) i.e. r < s SUFFICIENT _________________ Prosper!!! GMATinsight Bhoopendra Singh and Dr.Sushma Jha e-mail: info@GMATinsight.com I Call us : +91-9999687183 / 9891333772 Online One-on-One Skype based classes and Classroom Coaching in South and West Delhi http://www.GMATinsight.com/testimonials.html 22 ONLINE FREE (FULL LENGTH) GMAT CAT (PRACTICE TESTS) LINK COLLECTION Intern Joined: 18 Sep 2016 Posts: 26 Re: If r and s are consecutive even integers, is r greater than s ? [#permalink] Show Tags 24 Dec 2017, 18:52 when the statement says even consecutive integers. arent we supposed to assume r=2. how is r=0 zero is not even PS Forum Moderator Joined: 25 Feb 2013 Posts: 1006 Location: India GPA: 3.82 Re: If r and s are consecutive even integers, is r greater than s ? [#permalink] Show Tags 24 Dec 2017, 19:38 torto wrote: when the statement says even consecutive integers. arent we supposed to assume r=2. how is r=0 zero is not even Hi torto, Can you clarify what is your query and where you are assuming r=0? as far as 0 is concerned, 0 is an even integer. Manager Joined: 27 Oct 2017 Posts: 153 Location: India GPA: 3.64 WE: Business Development (Energy and Utilities) Re: If r and s are consecutive even integers, is r greater than s ? [#permalink] Show Tags 24 Dec 2017, 19:53 Zero is an even number. It is evenly divisible by 2. torto wrote: when the statement says even consecutive integers. arent we supposed to assume r=2. how is r=0 zero is not even _________________ https://gmatclub.com/forum/sc-confusable-words-255117.html#p2021572 If you like my post, encourage me by providing Kudos... Happy Learning... Intern Joined: 18 Sep 2016 Posts: 26 Re: If r and s are consecutive even integers, is r greater than s ? [#permalink] Show Tags 28 Dec 2017, 05:51 niks18 wrote: torto wrote: when the statement says even consecutive integers. arent we supposed to assume r=2. how is r=0 zero is not even Hi torto, Can you clarify what is your query and where you are assuming r=0? as far as 0 is concerned, 0 is an even integer. I thought zero is not an even integer -- Math Expert Joined: 02 Aug 2009 Posts: 5723 Re: If r and s are consecutive even integers, is r greater than s ? [#permalink] Show Tags 28 Dec 2017, 06:13 torto wrote: niks18 wrote: torto wrote: when the statement says even consecutive integers. arent we supposed to assume r=2. how is r=0 zero is not even Hi torto, Can you clarify what is your query and where you are assuming r=0? as far as 0 is concerned, 0 is an even integer. I thought zero is not an even integer -- 0 is even as it is divisible by 2.. 0/2=0 ...-6,-4,-2,0,2,4,6... BUT 0 is neither positive nor negative.... so when we say x is non negative, x could be 0 or more and if x is non positive , it could be 0 or less _________________ Absolute modulus :http://gmatclub.com/forum/absolute-modulus-a-better-understanding-210849.html#p1622372 Combination of similar and dissimilar things : http://gmatclub.com/forum/topic215915.html GMAT online Tutor Math Expert Joined: 02 Sep 2009 Posts: 44351 Re: If r and s are consecutive even integers, is r greater than s ? [#permalink] Show Tags 28 Dec 2017, 07:28 torto wrote: niks18 wrote: torto wrote: when the statement says even consecutive integers. arent we supposed to assume r=2. how is r=0 zero is not even Hi torto, Can you clarify what is your query and where you are assuming r=0? as far as 0 is concerned, 0 is an even integer. I thought zero is not an even integer -- ZERO: 1. 0 is an integer. 2. 0 is an even integer. An even number is an integer that is "evenly divisible" by 2, i.e., divisible by 2 without a remainder and as zero is evenly divisible by 2 then it must be even. 3. 0 is neither positive nor negative integer (the only one of this kind). 4. 0 is divisible by EVERY integer except 0 itself. For more check below: ALL YOU NEED FOR QUANT ! ! ! Hope it helps. _________________ Re: If r and s are consecutive even integers, is r greater than s ?   [#permalink] 28 Dec 2017, 07:28 Display posts from previous: Sort by

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http://studyphysicswithme.com/blog/2017/01/26/thermodynamics-ideal-gas/

# Why are gases important? The gaseous state of matter behaves differently from solids and liquids. It is neither limited in volume nor in compressibility. A gas fills entire volume of the container it is kept in, and distributes itself uniformly. This property makes them very useful and interesting because we can change its physical properties (volume, temperature, pressure etc.) to a large extent. These properties are not independent of each other and any of them can be manipulated by changing other variables. We can derive “work” from gases and thus gases were studied extensively in the early days of thermodynamics(e.g. for designing steam engines). On the other hand, physical states of solids and liquids don’t change that much and there is little to be studied unless you transform them into another state (e.g. melting a solid or freezing a liquid). # The Ideal Gas Traditionally, the study of Thermodynamics begins with the properties of an Ideal gas. By ideal, we mean that the gas molecules behave totally independently of each other and are point particles. The behaviour overall is governed by simple laws and is easy to understand. Under certain conditions, Real gases behave very much like an ideal gas. We will discuss what these conditions are below. ## The main properties of an ideal gas are twofold: 1. Each molecule behaves like a point particle and has no volume of its own. 2. There are no intermolecular interactions except collisions among themselves or with the walls of the container. At high temperature, real gas molecules have enough kinetic energy to “jiggle around” with high speeds. Under low pressure, the gas is diluted enough so that no two molecules get very close to each other(thus avoiding attractive intermolecular forces). With the two conditions combined, the molecules are all running around with high speeds, interacting only through collisions. Hence, we can see that: At high temperatures and low pressures, behaviour of real gases can be approximated to the ideal gas behaviour. # Properties of an Ideal Gas The most important properties of an ideal gas are its Pressure(P), Volume(V), Temperature(T) and number of molecules(or moles, n). These are not independent, however. The relationships between these properties were first discovered empirically by various scientists and later shown to be derivable from Newton’s laws of Motion (studied in the domain of Kinetic Theory of Gases). These laws are as follows: Boyle’s Law Charles’ Law Gay-Lussac’s Law The above relations can be combined in a single equation, known as the ideal gas law: or, where R = gas constant = 8.31441 J K-1 mol-1 where n = No. of moles, N = No. of molecules and NA = Avogadro’s number = 6.022 x 1023 The ideal gas law can also be expressed as where kB = Boltzmann constant = 1.38064852 × 10-23 mkg s-2 K-1 Thermodynamics: Ideal Gas Tagged on: This site uses Akismet to reduce spam. Learn how your comment data is processed.

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https://tex.stackexchange.com/questions/248064/non-math-fonts-with-unicode-math-kill-widetilde-and-widehat

# Non-math fonts with unicode-math kill \widetilde and \widehat I suspect this might be a bug in unicode-math, but you never know. It appears that loading any non-math font for any purpose at all breaks \widehat and \widetilde. Consider, for instance, the MWE below where I load XITS Math as my math font, but try some other fonts for \mathbfup. That should have absolutely no effect for what happens to my math except when using bold upright math. However, even though the font does not change for the math I type, the \widetildeand \widehat become either normal \tilde and \hat... or disappear completely, depending on the font I load. Is this a bug, or am I doing something wrong somewhere? (As the MWE suggests, I am compiling using LuaLaTeX.) % !TeX program=luatex \documentclass{article} \usepackage{unicode-math} \setmathfont{XITS Math} \begin{document} $\widetilde X\widehat X$ \setmathfont[range=\mathbfup]{Minion Pro Bold} $\widetilde X\widehat X$ \setmathfont[range=\mathbfup]{Linux Libertine O Bold} $\widetilde X\widehat X$ \end{document} EDIT: Compiling using XeLaTeX, I get the following instead. This makes me even more confident that there is a bug somewhere. The workaround suggested by Ulrike Fischer in her answer to \sqrt[x]{y} Breaks With unicode-math works also in this case: \documentclass{article} \usepackage{unicode-math} \setmathfont{XITS Math} \setmathfont[range=\mathbfup]{Linux Libertine O Bold} \setmathfont[range=\int]{XITS Math} \begin{document} $\widetilde X\widehat X\mathbf{X}$ \end{document} Note that you shouldn't be changing math font inside the document. The problem is that unicode-math gets some values for math typesetting from the last loaded math font. Since Linux Libertine isn't a math font, it doesn't have some necessary parameters. Note that the last glyph is from Linux Libertine. • I guess this is the cleaner solution, since it directly addresses the cause of the issue. Accepted. Isn't it kind of a bug that the last loaded font determines how fractions and accents look? Shouldn't that come from the main math font? – Gaussler Jun 2 '15 at 6:27 • do you think it would cause problems to just put the line \setmathfont{XITS Math} last, after all other \setmathfonts? – Gaussler Jun 2 '15 at 16:14 • @Gaussler I prefer not doing it, just for consistency, but you can experiment. – egreg Jun 2 '15 at 16:15 The accent is not there as warned in the log Missing character: There is no ̃ (U+0303) in font "MinionProBold:mode=base;scri pt=latn;language=DFLT;"! Why \widetilde is being redefined to use the new \symnum_fam1 allocated to the bold minion font, I'm not sure, but you can define it back again: % !TeX program=luatex \documentclass{article} \show\widetilde \usepackage{unicode-math} \setmathfont{XITS Math} \begin{document} \show\widetilde \show\symoperators $\widetilde X\widehat X$ \let\oldwidetilde\widetilde \let\oldwidehat\widehat \setmathfont[range=\mathbfup]{Minion Pro Bold} \let\widetilde\oldwidetilde \let\widehat\oldwidehat $\widetilde X\widehat X$ \setmathfont[range=\mathbfup]{Linux Libertine O Bold} $\widetilde X\widehat X$ \end{document} I don't think unicode-math really claims to support non math fonts in this way, so it's not clearly a bug, but may be worth raising on the unicode-math issue tracker anyway. • In order for the interface to work logically, I think that changing what happens in \mathbfup should have no effect on what happens to the rest of the math. Particularly so when replacing range=\mathbfup by range=\mathbfup/{latin,Latin,greek,Greek}; however, it also happens in that case. – Gaussler Jun 1 '15 at 19:09

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http://www.lightandmatter.com/html_books/lm/ch03/ch03.html

You are viewing the html version of Light and Matter, by Benjamin Crowell. This version is only designed for casual browsing, and may have some formatting problems. For serious reading, you want the Adobe Acrobat version. Table of Contents Galileo's contradiction of Aristotle had serious consequences. He was interrogated by the Church authorities and convicted of teaching that the earth went around the sun as a matter of fact and not, as he had promised previously, as a mere mathematical hypothesis. He was placed under permanent house arrest, and forbidden to write about or teach his theories. Immediately after being forced to recant his claim that the earth revolved around the sun, the old man is said to have muttered defiantly “and yet it does move.” The story is dramatic, but there are some omissions in the commonly taught heroic version. There was a rumor that the Simplicio character represented the Pope. Also, some of the ideas Galileo advocated had controversial religious overtones. He believed in the existence of atoms, and atomism was thought by some people to contradict the Church's doctrine of transubstantiation, which said that in the Catholic mass, the blessing of the bread and wine literally transformed them into the flesh and blood of Christ. His support for a cosmology in which the earth circled the sun was also disreputable because one of its supporters, Giordano Bruno, had also proposed a bizarre synthesis of Christianity with the ancient Egyptian religion. # Chapter 3. Acceleration and free fall ## 3.1 The motion of falling objects a / According to Galileo's student Viviani, Galileo dropped a cannonball and a musketball simultaneously from the leaning tower of Pisa, and observed that they hit the ground at nearly the same time. This contradicted Aristotle's long-accepted idea that heavier objects fell faster. c / The $$v-t$$ graph of a falling object is a line. d / Galileo's experiments show that all falling objects have the same motion if air resistance is negligible. e / 1. Aristotle said that heavier objects fell faster than lighter ones. 2. If two rocks are tied together, that makes an extra- heavy rock, which should fall faster. 3. But Aristotle's theory would also predict that the light rock would hold back the heavy rock, resulting in a slower fall. The motion of falling objects is the simplest and most common example of motion with changing velocity. The early pioneers of physics had a correct intuition that the way things drop was a message directly from Nature herself about how the universe worked. Other examples seem less likely to have deep significance. A walking person who speeds up is making a conscious choice. If one stretch of a river flows more rapidly than another, it may be only because the channel is narrower there, which is just an accident of the local geography. But there is something impressively consistent, universal, and inexorable about the way things fall. Stand up now and simultaneously drop a coin and a bit of paper side by side. The paper takes much longer to hit the ground. That's why Aristotle wrote that heavy objects fell more rapidly. Europeans believed him for two thousand years. Now repeat the experiment, but make it into a race between the coin and your shoe. My own shoe is about 50 times heavier than the nickel I had handy, but it looks to me like they hit the ground at exactly the same moment. So much for Aristotle! Galileo, who had a flair for the theatrical, did the experiment by dropping a bullet and a heavy cannonball from a tall tower. Aristotle's observations had been incomplete, his interpretation a vast oversimplification. It is inconceivable that Galileo was the first person to observe a discrepancy with Aristotle's predictions. Galileo was the one who changed the course of history because he was able to assemble the observations into a coherent pattern, and also because he carried out systematic quantitative (numerical) measurements rather than just describing things qualitatively. Why is it that some objects, like the coin and the shoe, have similar motion, but others, like a feather or a bit of paper, are different? Galileo speculated that in addition to the force that always pulls objects down, there was an upward force exerted by the air. Anyone can speculate, but Galileo went beyond speculation and came up with two clever experiments to probe the issue. First, he experimented with objects falling in water, which probed the same issues but made the motion slow enough that he could take time measurements with a primitive pendulum clock. With this technique, he established the following facts: • All heavy, streamlined objects (for example a steel rod dropped point-down) reach the bottom of the tank in about the same amount of time, only slightly longer than the time they would take to fall the same distance in air. • Objects that are lighter or less streamlined take a longer time to reach the bottom. This supported his hypothesis about two contrary forces. He imagined an idealized situation in which the falling object did not have to push its way through any substance at all. Falling in air would be more like this ideal case than falling in water, but even a thin, sparse medium like air would be sufficient to cause obvious effects on feathers and other light objects that were not streamlined. Today, we have vacuum pumps that allow us to suck nearly all the air out of a chamber, and if we drop a feather and a rock side by side in a vacuum, the feather does not lag behind the rock at all. ### How the speed of a falling object increases with time Galileo's second stroke of genius was to find a way to make quantitative measurements of how the speed of a falling object increased as it went along. Again it was problematic to make sufficiently accurate time measurements with primitive clocks, and again he found a tricky way to slow things down while preserving the essential physical phenomena: he let a ball roll down a slope instead of dropping it vertically. The steeper the incline, the more rapidly the ball would gain speed. Without a modern video camera, Galileo had invented a way to make a slow-motion version of falling. b / Velocity increases more gradually on the gentle slope, but the motion is otherwise the same as the motion of a falling object. Although Galileo's clocks were only good enough to do accurate experiments at the smaller angles, he was confident after making a systematic study at a variety of small angles that his basic conclusions were generally valid. Stated in modern language, what he found was that the velocity-versus-time graph was a line. In the language of algebra, we know that a line has an equation of the form $$y=ax+b$$, but our variables are $$v$$ and $$t$$, so it would be $$v=at+b$$. (The constant $$b$$ can be interpreted simply as the initial velocity of the object, i.e., its velocity at the time when we started our clock, which we conventionally write as $$v_\text{o}$$.) self-check: An object is rolling down an incline. After it has been rolling for a short time, it is found to travel 13 cm during a certain one-second interval. During the second after that, it goes 16 cm. How many cm will it travel in the second after that? (answer in the back of the PDF version of the book) ### A contradiction in Aristotle's reasoning Galileo's inclined-plane experiment disproved the long-accepted claim by Aristotle that a falling object had a definite “natural falling speed” proportional to its weight. Galileo had found that the speed just kept on increasing, and weight was irrelevant as long as air friction was negligible. Not only did Galileo prove experimentally that Aristotle had been wrong, but he also pointed out a logical contradiction in Aristotle's own reasoning. Simplicio, the stupid character, mouths the accepted Aristotelian wisdom: Simplicio: There can be no doubt but that a particular body ... has a fixed velocity which is determined by nature... Salviati: If then we take two bodies whose natural speeds are different, it is clear that, [according to Aristotle], on uniting the two, the more rapid one will be partly held back by the slower, and the slower will be somewhat hastened by the swifter. Do you not agree with me in this opinion? Simplicio: You are unquestionably right. Salviati: But if this is true, and if a large stone moves with a speed of, say, eight [unspecified units] while a smaller moves with a speed of four, then when they are united, the system will move with a speed less than eight; but the two stones when tied together make a stone larger than that which before moved with a speed of eight. Hence the heavier body moves with less speed than the lighter; an effect which is contrary to your supposition. Thus you see how, from your assumption that the heavier body moves more rapidly than the lighter one, I infer that the heavier body moves more slowly. ### What is gravity? The physicist Richard Feynman liked to tell a story about how when he was a little kid, he asked his father, “Why do things fall?” As an adult, he praised his father for answering, “Nobody knows why things fall. It's a deep mystery, and the smartest people in the world don't know the basic reason for it.” Contrast that with the average person's off-the-cuff answer, “Oh, it's because of gravity.” Feynman liked his father's answer, because his father realized that simply giving a name to something didn't mean that you understood it. The radical thing about Galileo's and Newton's approach to science was that they concentrated first on describing mathematically what really did happen, rather than spending a lot of time on untestable speculation such as Aristotle's statement that “Things fall because they are trying to reach their natural place in contact with the earth.” That doesn't mean that science can never answer the “why” questions. Over the next month or two as you delve deeper into physics, you will learn that there are more fundamental reasons why all falling objects have $$v-t$$ graphs with the same slope, regardless of their mass. Nevertheless, the methods of science always impose limits on how deep our explanation can go. ## 3.2 Acceleration f / Example 1. g / Example 2. ### Definition of acceleration for linear $$v-t$$ graphs Galileo's experiment with dropping heavy and light objects from a tower showed that all falling objects have the same motion, and his inclined-plane experiments showed that the motion was described by $$v=at+v_\text{o}$$. The initial velocity $$v_\text{o}$$ depends on whether you drop the object from rest or throw it down, but even if you throw it down, you cannot change the slope, $$a$$, of the $$v-t$$ graph. Since these experiments show that all falling objects have linear $$v-t$$ graphs with the same slope, the slope of such a graph is apparently an important and useful quantity. We use the word acceleration, and the symbol $$a$$, for the slope of such a graph. In symbols, $$a=\Delta v/\Delta$$t. The acceleration can be interpreted as the amount of speed gained in every second, and it has units of velocity divided by time, i.e., “meters per second per second,” or m/s/s. Continuing to treat units as if they were algebra symbols, we simplify “m/s/s” to read $$“\text{m}/\text{s}^2$$.” Acceleration can be a useful quantity for describing other types of motion besides falling, and the word and the symbol “$$a$$” can be used in a more general context. We reserve the more specialized symbol “$$g$$” for the acceleration of falling objects, which on the surface of our planet equals $$9.8\ \text{m}/\text{s}^2$$. Often when doing approximate calculations or merely illustrative numerical examples it is good enough to use $$g=10\ \text{m}/\text{s}^2$$, which is off by only 2%. ##### Example 1: Finding final speed, given time $$\triangleright$$ A despondent physics student jumps off a bridge, and falls for three seconds before hitting the water. How fast is he going when he hits the water? $$\triangleright$$ Approximating $$g$$ as $$10\ \text{m}/\text{s}^2$$, he will gain 10 m/s of speed each second. After one second, his velocity is 10 m/s, after two seconds it is 20 m/s, and on impact, after falling for three seconds, he is moving at 30 m/s. ##### Example 2: Extracting acceleration from a graph $$\triangleright$$ The $$x-t$$ and $$v-t$$ graphs show the motion of a car starting from a stop sign. What is the car's acceleration? $$\triangleright$$ Acceleration is defined as the slope of the v-t graph. The graph rises by 3 m/s during a time interval of 3 s, so the acceleration is $$(3\ \text{m}/\text{s})/(3\ \text{s})=1\ \text{m}/\text{s}^2$$. Incorrect solution #1: The final velocity is 3 m/s, and acceleration is velocity divided by time, so the acceleration is $$(3\ \text{m}/\text{s})/(10\ \text{s})=0.3\ \text{m}/\text{s}^2$$. The solution is incorrect because you can't find the slope of a graph from one point. This person was just using the point at the right end of the v-t graph to try to find the slope of the curve. Incorrect solution #2: Velocity is distance divided by time so $$v=(4.5$$ m)/(3 $$s)=1.5$$ m/s. Acceleration is velocity divided by time, so $$a=(1.5$$ m/s)/(3 $$s)=0.5\ \text{m}/\text{s}^2$$. The solution is incorrect because velocity is the slope of the tangent line. In a case like this where the velocity is changing, you can't just pick two points on the x-t graph and use them to find the velocity. ##### Example 3: Converting $$g$$ to different units $$\triangleright$$ What is $$g$$ in units of $$\text{cm}/\text{s}^2$$? $$\triangleright$$ The answer is going to be how many cm/s of speed a falling object gains in one second. If it gains 9.8 m/s in one second, then it gains 980 cm/s in one second, so $$g=980\ \text{cm}/\text{s}^2$$. Alternatively, we can use the method of fractions that equal one: $\begin{equation*} \frac{9.8\ {\text{m}}}{\text{s}^2}\times\frac{100\ \text{cm}}{1\ {\text{m}}} =\frac{980\ \text{cm}}{\text{s}^2} \end{equation*}$ $$\triangleright$$ What is $$g$$ in units of $$\text{miles}/\text{hour}^2$$? $$\triangleright$$ $\begin{equation*} \frac{9.8\ \text{m}}{\text{s}^2} \times \frac{1\ \text{mile}}{1600\ \text{m}} \times \left(\frac{3600\ \text{s}}{1\ \text{hour}}\right)^2 = 7.9\times 10^4\ \text{mile}/\text{hour}^2 \end{equation*}$ This large number can be interpreted as the speed, in miles per hour, that you would gain by falling for one hour. Note that we had to square the conversion factor of 3600 s/hour in order to cancel out the units of seconds squared in the denominator. $$\triangleright$$ What is $$g$$ in units of miles/hour/s? $$\triangleright$$ $\begin{equation*} \frac{9.8\ \text{m}}{\text{s}^2} \times \frac{1\ \text{mile}}{1600\ \text{m}} \times \frac{3600\ \text{s}}{1\ \text{hour}} = 22\ \text{mile}/\text{hour}/\text{s} \end{equation*}$ This is a figure that Americans will have an intuitive feel for. If your car has a forward acceleration equal to the acceleration of a falling object, then you will gain 22 miles per hour of speed every second. However, using mixed time units of hours and seconds like this is usually inconvenient for problem-solving. It would be like using units of foot-inches for area instead of $$\text{ft}^2$$ or $$\text{in}^2$$. ### The acceleration of gravity is different in different locations. Everyone knows that gravity is weaker on the moon, but actually it is not even the same everywhere on Earth, as shown by the sampling of numerical data in the following table. location latitude elevation (m) g textupmtextups2) north pole 90∘N 0 9.8322 Reykjavik, Iceland 64∘N 0 9.8225 Guayaquil, Ecuador 2∘S 0 9.7806 Mt. Cotopaxi, Ecuador 1∘S 5896 9.7624 Mt. Everest 28∘N 8848 9.7643 The main variables that relate to the value of $$g$$ on Earth are latitude and elevation. Although you have not yet learned how $$g$$ would be calculated based on any deeper theory of gravity, it is not too hard to guess why $$g$$ depends on elevation. Gravity is an attraction between things that have mass, and the attraction gets weaker with increasing distance. As you ascend from the seaport of Guayaquil to the nearby top of Mt. Cotopaxi, you are distancing yourself from the mass of the planet. The dependence on latitude occurs because we are measuring the acceleration of gravity relative to the earth's surface, but the earth's rotation causes the earth's surface to fall out from under you. (We will discuss both gravity and rotation in more detail later in the course.) h / This false-color map shows variations in the strength of the earth's gravity. Purple areas have the strongest gravity, yellow the weakest. The overall trend toward weaker gravity at the equator and stronger gravity at the poles has been artificially removed to allow the weaker local variations to show up. The map covers only the oceans because of the technique used to make it: satellites look for bulges and depressions in the surface of the ocean. A very slight bulge will occur over an undersea mountain, for instance, because the mountain's gravitational attraction pulls water toward it. The US government originally began collecting data like these for military use, to correct for the deviations in the paths of missiles. The data have recently been released for scientific and commercial use (e.g., searching for sites for off-shore oil wells). Much more spectacular differences in the strength of gravity can be observed away from the Earth's surface: location g textupmtextups2) asteroid Vesta (surface) 0.3 Earth’s moon (surface) 1.6 Mars (surface) 3.7 Earth (surface) 9.8 Jupiter (cloud-tops) 26 Sun (visible surface) 270 typical neutron star (surface) 1012 black hole (center) infinite according to some theories, on the order of1052 according to others A typical neutron star is not so different in size from a large asteroid, but is orders of magnitude more massive, so the mass of a body definitely correlates with the $$g$$ it creates. On the other hand, a neutron star has about the same mass as our Sun, so why is its $$g$$ billions of times greater? If you had the misfortune of being on the surface of a neutron star, you'd be within a few thousand miles of all its mass, whereas on the surface of the Sun, you'd still be millions of miles from most of its mass. ##### Discussion Questions What is wrong with the following definitions of $$g?$$ (1) “$$g$$ is gravity.” (2) “$$g$$ is the speed of a falling object.” (3) “$$g$$ is how hard gravity pulls on things.” When advertisers specify how much acceleration a car is capable of, they do not give an acceleration as defined in physics. Instead, they usually specify how many seconds are required for the car to go from rest to 60 miles/hour. Suppose we use the notation “$$a$$” for the acceleration as defined in physics, and “$$a_\text{car ad}$$” for the quantity used in advertisements for cars. In the US's non-metric system of units, what would be the units of $$a$$ and $$a_\text{car ad}$$? How would the use and interpretation of large and small, positive and negative values be different for $$a$$ as opposed to $$a_\text{car ad}$$? Two people stand on the edge of a cliff. As they lean over the edge, one person throws a rock down, while the other throws one straight up with an exactly opposite initial velocity. Compare the speeds of the rocks on impact at the bottom of the cliff. ## 3.3 Positive and negative acceleration i / The ball's acceleration stays the same --- on the way up, at the top, and on the way back down. It's always negative. Discussion question C. Gravity always pulls down, but that does not mean it always speeds things up. If you throw a ball straight up, gravity will first slow it down to $$v=0$$ and then begin increasing its speed. When I took physics in high school, I got the impression that positive signs of acceleration indicated speeding up, while negative accelerations represented slowing down, i.e., deceleration. Such a definition would be inconvenient, however, because we would then have to say that the same downward tug of gravity could produce either a positive or a negative acceleration. As we will see in the following example, such a definition also would not be the same as the slope of the $$v-t$$ graph. Let's study the example of the rising and falling ball. In the example of the person falling from a bridge, I assumed positive velocity values without calling attention to it, which meant I was assuming a coordinate system whose $$x$$ axis pointed down. In this example, where the ball is reversing direction, it is not possible to avoid negative velocities by a tricky choice of axis, so let's make the more natural choice of an axis pointing up. The ball's velocity will initially be a positive number, because it is heading up, in the same direction as the $$x$$ axis, but on the way back down, it will be a negative number. As shown in the figure, the $$v-t$$ graph does not do anything special at the top of the ball's flight, where $$v$$ equals 0. Its slope is always negative. In the left half of the graph, there is a negative slope because the positive velocity is getting closer to zero. On the right side, the negative slope is due to a negative velocity that is getting farther from zero, so we say that the ball is speeding up, but its velocity is decreasing! To summarize, what makes the most sense is to stick with the original definition of acceleration as the slope of the $$v-t$$ graph, $$\Delta v/\Delta t$$. By this definition, it just isn't necessarily true that things speeding up have positive acceleration while things slowing down have negative acceleration. The word “deceleration” is not used much by physicists, and the word “acceleration” is used unblushingly to refer to slowing down as well as speeding up: “There was a red light, and we accelerated to a stop.” ##### Example 4: Numerical calculation of a negative acceleration $$\triangleright$$ In figure i, what happens if you calculate the acceleration between $$t=1.0$$ and 1.5 s? $$\triangleright$$ Reading from the graph, it looks like the velocity is about $$-1$$ m/s at $$t=1.0$$ s, and around $$-6$$ m/s at $$t=1.5$$ s. The acceleration, figured between these two points, is $\begin{equation*} a = \frac{\Delta v}{\Delta t} = \frac{(-6\ \text{m}/\text{s})-(-1\ \text{m}/\text{s})}{(1.5\ \text{s})-(1.0\ \text{s})} = -10\ \text{m}/\text{s}^2 . \end{equation*}$ Even though the ball is speeding up, it has a negative acceleration. Another way of convincing you that this way of handling the plus and minus signs makes sense is to think of a device that measures acceleration. After all, physics is supposed to use operational definitions, ones that relate to the results you get with actual measuring devices. Consider an air freshener hanging from the rear-view mirror of your car. When you speed up, the air freshener swings backward. Suppose we define this as a positive reading. When you slow down, the air freshener swings forward, so we'll call this a negative reading on our accelerometer. But what if you put the car in reverse and start speeding up backwards? Even though you're speeding up, the accelerometer responds in the same way as it did when you were going forward and slowing down. There are four possible cases: motion of car accelerometer swings slope of v-t graph direction of force acting on car forward, speeding up backward + forward forward, slowing down forward − backward backward, speeding up forward − backward backward, slowing down backward + forward Note the consistency of the three right-hand columns --- nature is trying to tell us that this is the right system of classification, not the left-hand column. Because the positive and negative signs of acceleration depend on the choice of a coordinate system, the acceleration of an object under the influence of gravity can be either positive or negative. Rather than having to write things like “$$g=9.8\ \text{m}/\text{s}^2$$ or $$-9.8\ \text{m}/\text{s}^2$$” every time we want to discuss $$g$$'s numerical value, we simply define $$g$$ as the absolute value of the acceleration of objects moving under the influence of gravity. We consistently let $$g=9.8 \ \text{m}/\text{s}^2$$, but we may have either $$a=g$$ or $$a=-g$$, depending on our choice of a coordinate system. ##### Example 5: Acceleration with a change in direction of motion $$\triangleright$$ A person kicks a ball, which rolls up a sloping street, comes to a halt, and rolls back down again. The ball has constant acceleration. The ball is initially moving at a velocity of 4.0 m/s, and after 10.0 s it has returned to where it started. At the end, it has sped back up to the same speed it had initially, but in the opposite direction. What was its acceleration? $$\triangleright$$ By giving a positive number for the initial velocity, the statement of the question implies a coordinate axis that points up the slope of the hill. The “same” speed in the opposite direction should therefore be represented by a negative number, -4.0 m/s. The acceleration is \begin{align*} a &= \Delta v/\Delta t \\ &= (v_f-v_\text{o})/10.0\ \text{s} \\ &= [(-4.0 \ \text{m}/\text{s})-(4.0 \ \text{m}/\text{s})]/10.0 s \\ &= -0.80\ \text{m}/\text{s}^2 . \end{align*} The acceleration was no different during the upward part of the roll than on the downward part of the roll. Incorrect solution: Acceleration is $$\Delta v/\Delta$$t, and at the end it's not moving any faster or slower than when it started, so $$\Delta$$v=0 and $$a=0$$. The velocity does change, from a positive number to a negative number. Discussion question B. ##### Discussion Questions A child repeatedly jumps up and down on a trampoline. Discuss the sign and magnitude of his acceleration, including both the time when he is in the air and the time when his feet are in contact with the trampoline. The figure shows a refugee from a Picasso painting blowing on a rolling water bottle. In some cases the person's blowing is speeding the bottle up, but in others it is slowing it down. The arrow inside the bottle shows which direction it is going, and a coordinate system is shown at the bottom of each figure. In each case, figure out the plus or minus signs of the velocity and acceleration. It may be helpful to draw a $$v-t$$ graph in each case. Sally is on an amusement park ride which begins with her chair being hoisted straight up a tower at a constant speed of 60 miles/hour. Despite stern warnings from her father that he'll take her home the next time she misbehaves, she decides that as a scientific experiment she really needs to release her corndog over the side as she's on the way up. She does not throw it. She simply sticks it out of the car, lets it go, and watches it against the background of the sky, with no trees or buildings as reference points. What does the corndog's motion look like as observed by Sally? Does its speed ever appear to her to be zero? What acceleration does she observe it to have: is it ever positive? negative? zero? What would her enraged father answer if asked for a similar description of its motion as it appears to him, standing on the ground? Can an object maintain a constant acceleration, but meanwhile reverse the direction of its velocity? Can an object have a velocity that is positive and increasing at the same time that its acceleration is decreasing? ## 3.4 Varying acceleration j / Example 6. n / How position, velocity, and acceleration are related. So far we have only been discussing examples of motion for which the $$v-t$$ graph is linear. If we wish to generalize our definition to v-t graphs that are more complex curves, the best way to proceed is similar to how we defined velocity for curved $$x-t$$ graphs: ##### definition of acceleration The acceleration of an object at any instant is the slope of the tangent line passing through its $$v$$-versus-$$t$$ graph at the relevant point. ##### Example 6: A skydiver $$\triangleright$$ The graphs in figure k show the results of a fairly realistic computer simulation of the motion of a skydiver, including the effects of air friction. The $$x$$ axis has been chosen pointing down, so $$x$$ is increasing as she falls. Find (a) the skydiver's acceleration at $$t=3.0\ \text{s}$$, and also (b) at $$t=7.0\ \text{s}$$. $$\triangleright$$ The solution is shown in figure l. I've added tangent lines at the two points in question. (a) To find the slope of the tangent line, I pick two points on the line (not necessarily on the actual curve): $$(3.0\ \text{s},28 \text{m}/\text{s})$$ and $$(5.0\ \text{s},42\ \text{m}/\text{s})$$. The slope of the tangent line is $$(42\ \text{m}/\text{s}-28\ \text{m}/\text{s})/(5.0\ \text{s} - 3.0\ \text{s})=7.0\ \text{m}/\text{s}^2$$. (b) Two points on this tangent line are $$(7.0\ \text{s},47\ \text{m}/\text{s})$$ and $$(9.0\ \text{s}, 52\ \text{m}/\text{s})$$. The slope of the tangent line is $$(52\ \text{m}/\text{s}-47\ \text{m}/\text{s})/(9.0\ \text{s} - 7.0\ \text{s})=2.5\ \text{m}/\text{s}^2$$. Physically, what's happening is that at $$t=3.0\ \text{s}$$, the skydiver is not yet going very fast, so air friction is not yet very strong. She therefore has an acceleration almost as great as $$g$$. At $$t=7.0\ \text{s}$$, she is moving almost twice as fast (about 100 miles per hour), and air friction is extremely strong, resulting in a significant departure from the idealized case of no air friction. k / The solution to example 6. In example 6, the $$x-t$$ graph was not even used in the solution of the problem, since the definition of acceleration refers to the slope of the $$v-t$$ graph. It is possible, however, to interpret an $$x-t$$ graph to find out something about the acceleration. An object with zero acceleration, i.e., constant velocity, has an $$x-t$$ graph that is a straight line. A straight line has no curvature. A change in velocity requires a change in the slope of the $$x-t$$ graph, which means that it is a curve rather than a line. Thus acceleration relates to the curvature of the $$x-t$$ graph. Figure m shows some examples. In example 6, the $$x-t$$ graph was more strongly curved at the beginning, and became nearly straight at the end. If the $$x-t$$ graph is nearly straight, then its slope, the velocity, is nearly constant, and the acceleration is therefore small. We can thus interpret the acceleration as representing the curvature of the $$x-t$$ graph, as shown in figure m. If the “cup” of the curve points up, the acceleration is positive, and if it points down, the acceleration is negative. l / Acceleration relates to the curvature of the $$x-t$$ graph. Since the relationship between $$a$$ and $$v$$ is analogous to the relationship between $$v$$ and $$x$$, we can also make graphs of acceleration as a function of time, as shown in figure n. m / Examples of graphs of $$x$$, $$v$$, and $$a$$ versus $$t$$. 1. An object in free fall, with no friction. 2. A continuation of example 6, the skydiver. ◊ Solved problem: Drawing a $$v-t$$ graph. — problem 14 ◊ Solved problem: Drawing $$v-t$$ and $$a-t$$ graphs. — problem 20 Figure o summarizes the relationships among the three types of graphs. ##### Discussion Questions Describe in words how the changes in the $$a-t$$ graph in figure n/2 relate to the behavior of the $$v-t$$ graph. Explain how each set of graphs contains inconsistencies, and fix them. In each case, pick a coordinate system and draw $$x-t,v-t$$, and $$a-t$$ graphs. Picking a coordinate system means picking where you want $$x=0$$ to be, and also picking a direction for the positive $$x$$ axis. (1) An ocean liner is cruising in a straight line at constant speed. (2) You drop a ball. Draw two different sets of graphs (a total of 6), with one set's positive $$x$$ axis pointing in the opposite direction compared to the other's. (3) You're driving down the street looking for a house you've never been to before. You realize you've passed the address, so you slow down, put the car in reverse, back up, and stop in front of the house. ## 3.5 The area under the velocity-time graph o / The area under the $$v-t$$ graph gives $$\Delta x$$. q / Area underneath the axis is considered negative. A natural question to ask about falling objects is how fast they fall, but Galileo showed that the question has no answer. The physical law that he discovered connects a cause (the attraction of the planet Earth's mass) to an effect, but the effect is predicted in terms of an acceleration rather than a velocity. In fact, no physical law predicts a definite velocity as a result of a specific phenomenon, because velocity cannot be measured in absolute terms, and only changes in velocity relate directly to physical phenomena. The unfortunate thing about this situation is that the definitions of velocity and acceleration are stated in terms of the tangent-line technique, which lets you go from $$x$$ to $$v$$ to $$a$$, but not the other way around. Without a technique to go backwards from $$a$$ to $$v$$ to $$x$$, we cannot say anything quantitative, for instance, about the $$x-t$$ graph of a falling object. Such a technique does exist, and I used it to make the $$x-t$$ graphs in all the examples above. First let's concentrate on how to get $$x$$ information out of a $$v-t$$ graph. In example p/1, an object moves at a speed of $$20\ \text{m}/\text{s}$$ for a period of 4.0 s. The distance covered is $$\Delta x=v\Delta t=(20\ \text{m}/\text{s})\times(4.0\ \text{s})=80\ \text{m}$$. Notice that the quantities being multiplied are the width and the height of the shaded rectangle --- or, strictly speaking, the time represented by its width and the velocity represented by its height. The distance of $$\Delta x=80\ \text{m}$$ thus corresponds to the area of the shaded part of the graph. The next step in sophistication is an example like p/2, where the object moves at a constant speed of $$10\ \text{m}/\text{s}$$ for two seconds, then for two seconds at a different constant speed of $$20\ \text{m}/\text{s}$$. The shaded region can be split into a small rectangle on the left, with an area representing $$\Delta x=20\ \text{m}$$, and a taller one on the right, corresponding to another 40 m of motion. The total distance is thus 60 m, which corresponds to the total area under the graph. An example like p/3 is now just a trivial generalization; there is simply a large number of skinny rectangular areas to add up. But notice that graph p/3 is quite a good approximation to the smooth curve p/4. Even though we have no formula for the area of a funny shape like p/4, we can approximate its area by dividing it up into smaller areas like rectangles, whose area is easier to calculate. If someone hands you a graph like p/4 and asks you to find the area under it, the simplest approach is just to count up the little rectangles on the underlying graph paper, making rough estimates of fractional rectangles as you go along. p / An example using estimation of fractions of a rectangle. That's what I've done in figure q. Each rectangle on the graph paper is 1.0 s wide and $$2\ \text{m}/\text{s}$$ tall, so it represents 2 m. Adding up all the numbers gives $$\Delta x=41\ \text{m}$$. If you needed better accuracy, you could use graph paper with smaller rectangles. It's important to realize that this technique gives you $$\Delta x$$, not $$x$$. The $$v-t$$ graph has no information about where the object was when it started. The following are important points to keep in mind when applying this technique: • If the range of $$v$$ values on your graph does not extend down to zero, then you will get the wrong answer unless you compensate by adding in the area that is not shown. • As in the example, one rectangle on the graph paper does not necessarily correspond to one meter of distance. • Negative velocity values represent motion in the opposite direction, so as suggested by figure r, area under the $$t$$ axis should be subtracted, i.e., counted as “negative area.” • Since the result is a $$\Delta x$$ value, it only tells you $$x_{after}-x_{before}$$, which may be less than the actual distance traveled. For instance, the object could come back to its original position at the end, which would correspond to $$\Delta x$$=0, even though it had actually moved a nonzero distance. Finally, note that one can find $$\Delta v$$ from an $$a-t$$ graph using an entirely analogous method. Each rectangle on the $$a-t$$ graph represents a certain amount of velocity change. ##### Discussion Question Roughly what would a pendulum's $$v-t$$ graph look like? What would happen when you applied the area-under-the-curve technique to find the pendulum's $$\Delta x$$ for a time period covering many swings? ## 3.6 Algebraic results for constant acceleration r / The shaded area tells us how far an object moves while accelerating at a constant rate. Although the area-under-the-curve technique can be applied to any graph, no matter how complicated, it may be laborious to carry out, and if fractions of rectangles must be estimated the result will only be approximate. In the special case of motion with constant acceleration, it is possible to find a convenient shortcut which produces exact results. When the acceleration is constant, the $$v-t$$ graph is a straight line, as shown in the figure. The area under the curve can be divided into a triangle plus a rectangle, both of whose areas can be calculated exactly: $$A=bh$$ for a rectangle and $$A=bh/2$$ for a triangle. The height of the rectangle is the initial velocity, $$v_\text{o}$$, and the height of the triangle is the change in velocity from beginning to end, $$\Delta v$$. The object's $$\Delta x$$ is therefore given by the equation $$\Delta x = v_\text{o} \Delta t + \Delta v\Delta t/2$$. This can be simplified a little by using the definition of acceleration, $$a=\Delta v/\Delta t$$, to eliminate $$\Delta v$$, giving $\begin{multline*} \Delta x = v_\text{o} \Delta t + \frac{1}{2}a\Delta t^2 . \shoveright{\text{[motion with}}\\ \text{constant acceleration]} \end{multline*}$ Since this is a second-order polynomial in $$\Delta t$$, the graph of $$\Delta x$$ versus $$\Delta t$$ is a parabola, and the same is true of a graph of $$x$$ versus $$t$$ --- the two graphs differ only by shifting along the two axes. Although I have derived the equation using a figure that shows a positive $$v_\text{o}$$, positive $$a$$, and so on, it still turns out to be true regardless of what plus and minus signs are involved. Another useful equation can be derived if one wants to relate the change in velocity to the distance traveled. This is useful, for instance, for finding the distance needed by a car to come to a stop. For simplicity, we start by deriving the equation for the special case of $$v_\text{o}=0$$, in which the final velocity $$v_f$$ is a synonym for $$\Delta v$$. Since velocity and distance are the variables of interest, not time, we take the equation $$\Delta x=\frac{1}{2}a\Delta t^2$$ and use $$\Delta t=\Delta v/a$$ to eliminate $$\Delta t$$. This gives $$\Delta x=(\Delta v)^2/2a$$, which can be rewritten as $\begin{equation*} v_f^2 = 2a\Delta x . \shoveright{\text{[motion with constant acceleration, v_\text{o}=0]}} \end{equation*}$ For the more general case where $$v_\text{o}\ne 0$$, we skip the tedious algebra leading to the more general equation, $\begin{equation*} v_f^2 = v_\text{o}^2 + 2a\Delta x . \shoveright{\text{[motion with constant acceleration]}} \end{equation*}$ To help get this all organized in your head, first let's categorize the variables as follows: Variables that change during motion with constant acceleration: $$x$$ ,$$v$$, $$t$$ Variable that doesn't change: $$a$$ If you know one of the changing variables and want to find another, there is always an equation that relates those two: The symmetry among the three variables is imperfect only because the equation relating $$x$$ and $$t$$ includes the initial velocity. There are two main difficulties encountered by students in applying these equations: • The equations apply only to motion with constant acceleration. You can't apply them if the acceleration is changing. • Students are often unsure of which equation to use, or may cause themselves unnecessary work by taking the longer path around the triangle in the chart above. Organize your thoughts by listing the variables you are given, the ones you want to find, and the ones you aren't given and don't care about. ##### Example 7: Saving an old lady $$\triangleright$$ You are trying to pull an old lady out of the way of an oncoming truck. You are able to give her an acceleration of $$20\ \text{m}/\text{s}^2$$. Starting from rest, how much time is required in order to move her 2 m? $$\triangleright$$ First we organize our thoughts: Variables given: $$\Delta x$$, $$a$$, $$v_\text{o}$$ Variables desired: $$\Delta t$$ Irrelevant variables: $$v_f$$ Consulting the triangular chart above, the equation we need is clearly $$\Delta x=v_\text{o}\Delta t+\frac{1}{2}a\Delta t^2$$, since it has the four variables of interest and omits the irrelevant one. Eliminating the $$v_\text{o}$$ term and solving for $$\Delta t$$ gives $$\Delta t=\sqrt{2\Delta x/a}=0.4\ \text{s}$$. ◊ Solved problem: A stupid celebration — problem 15 ◊ Solved problem: Dropping a rock on Mars — problem 16 ◊ Solved problem: The Dodge Viper — problem 18 ◊ Solved problem: Half-way sped up — problem 22 ##### Discussion Questions In chapter 1, I gave examples of correct and incorrect reasoning about proportionality, using questions about the scaling of area and volume. Try to translate the incorrect modes of reasoning shown there into mistakes about the following question: If the acceleration of gravity on Mars is 1/3 that on Earth, how many times longer does it take for a rock to drop the same distance on Mars? Check that the units make sense in the three equations derived in this section. ## 3.7 A test of the principle of inertia (optional) Historically, the first quantitative and well documented experimental test of the principle of inertia (p. 80) was performed by Galileo around 1590 and published decades later when he managed to find a publisher in the Netherlands that was beyond the reach of the Roman Inquisition.1 It was ingenious but somewhat indirect, and required a layer of interpretation and extrapolation on top of the actual observations. As described on p. 95, he established that objects rolling on inclined planes moved according to mathematical laws that we would today describe as in section 3.6. He knew that his rolling balls were subject to friction, as well as random errors due to the limited precision of the water clock that he used, but he took the approximate agreement of his equations with experiment to indicate that they gave the results that would be exact in the absence of friction. He also showed, purely empirically, that when a ball went up or down a ramp inclined at an angle $$\theta$$, its acceleration was proportional to $$\sin\theta$$. Again, this required extrapolation to idealized conditions of zero friction. He then reasoned that if a ball was rolled on a horizontal ramp, with $$\theta=0$$, its acceleration would be zero. This is exactly what is required by the principle of inertia: in the absence of friction, motion continues indefinitely. ## 3.8 Applications of calculus (optional calculus-based section) In section 2.7, I discussed how the slope-of-the-tangent-line idea related to the calculus concept of a derivative, and the branch of calculus known as differential calculus. The other main branch of calculus, integral calculus, has to do with the area-under-the-curve concept discussed in section 3.5. Again there is a concept, a notation, and a bag of tricks for doing things symbolically rather than graphically. In calculus, the area under the $$v-t$$ graph between $$t=t_1$$ and $$t=t_2$$ is notated like this: $\begin{equation*} \text{area under curve} = \Delta x = \int_{t_1}^{t_2}v dt . \end{equation*}$ The expression on the right is called an integral, and the s-shaped symbol, the integral sign, is read as “integral of ...” Integral calculus and differential calculus are closely related. For instance, if you take the derivative of the function $$x(t)$$, you get the function $$v(t)$$, and if you integrate the function $$v(t)$$, you get $$x(t)$$ back again. In other words, integration and differentiation are inverse operations. This is known as the fundamental theorem of calculus. On an unrelated topic, there is a special notation for taking the derivative of a function twice. The acceleration, for instance, is the second (i.e., double) derivative of the position, because differentiating $$x$$ once gives $$v$$, and then differentiating $$v$$ gives $$a$$. This is written as $\begin{equation*} a = \frac{d^2 x}{dt^2} . \end{equation*}$ The seemingly inconsistent placement of the twos on the top and bottom confuses all beginning calculus students. The motivation for this funny notation is that acceleration has units of $$\text{m}/\text{s}^2$$, and the notation correctly suggests that: the top looks like it has units of meters, the bottom $$\text{seconds}^2$$. The notation is not meant, however, to suggest that $$t$$ is really squared. ## Vocabulary gravity — A general term for the phenomenon of attraction between things having mass. The attraction between our planet and a human-sized object causes the object to fall. acceleration — The rate of change of velocity; the slope of the tangent line on a $$v-t$$ graph. ## Notation $$v_o$$ — initial velocity $$v_f$$ — final velocity $$a$$ — acceleration $$g$$ — the acceleration of objects in free fall; the strength of the local gravitational field ## Summary {} Galileo showed that when air resistance is negligible all falling bodies have the same motion regardless of mass. Moreover, their $$v-t$$ graphs are straight lines. We therefore define a quantity called acceleration as the slope, $$\Delta v/\Delta$$t, of an object's $$v-t$$ graph. In cases other than free fall, the $$v-t$$ graph may be curved, in which case the definition is generalized as the slope of a tangent line on the $$v-t$$ graph. The acceleration of objects in free fall varies slightly across the surface of the earth, and greatly on other planets. Positive and negative signs of acceleration are defined according to whether the $$v-t$$ graph slopes up or down. This definition has the advantage that a force with a given sign, representing its direction, always produces an acceleration with the same sign. The area under the $$v-t$$ graph gives $$\Delta x$$, and analogously the area under the $$a-t$$ graph gives $$\Delta v$$. For motion with constant acceleration, the following three equations hold: \begin{align*} \Delta x &= v_\text{o}\Delta t + \frac{1}{2}a\Delta t^2 \\ v_f^2 &= v_\text{o}^2 + 2 a \Delta x \\ a &= \frac{\Delta v}{\Delta t} \end{align*} They are not valid if the acceleration is changing. The following form can be used for the homework problems that require sketching a set of graphs. ## Homework Problems s / Problem 3. t / Problem 5. u / Problem 14. v / Problem 19. w / Problem 20. x / Problem 23. y / Problem 27. z / Problem 31. aa / Problem 32. 1. The graph represents the velocity of a bee along a straight line. At $$t=0$$, the bee is at the hive. (a) When is the bee farthest from the hive? (b) How far is the bee at its farthest point from the hive? (c) At $$t=13$$ s, how far is the bee from the hive? [Hint: Try problem 19 first.] (answer check available at lightandmatter.com) 2. A rock is dropped into a pond. Draw plots of its position versus time, velocity versus time, and acceleration versus time. Include its whole motion, starting from the moment it is dropped, and continuing while it falls through the air, passes through the water, and ends up at rest on the bottom of the pond. Do your work on a photocopy or a printout of page 123. 3. In an 18th-century naval battle, a cannon ball is shot horizontally, passes through the side of an enemy ship's hull, flies across the galley, and lodges in a bulkhead. Draw plots of its horizontal position, velocity, and acceleration as functions of time, starting while it is inside the cannon and has not yet been fired, and ending when it comes to rest. There is not any significant amount of friction from the air. Although the ball may rise and fall, you are only concerned with its horizontal motion, as seen from above. Do your work on a photocopy or a printout of page 123. 4. Draw graphs of position, velocity, and acceleration as functions of time for a person bunjee jumping. (In bunjee jumping, a person has a stretchy elastic cord tied to his/her ankles, and jumps off of a high platform. At the bottom of the fall, the cord brings the person up short. Presumably the person bounces up a little.) Do your work on a photocopy or a printout of page 123. 5. A ball rolls down the ramp shown in the figure, consisting of a curved knee, a straight slope, and a curved bottom. For each part of the ramp, tell whether the ball's velocity is increasing, decreasing, or constant, and also whether the ball's acceleration is increasing, decreasing, or constant. Explain your answers. Assume there is no air friction or rolling resistance. Hint: Try problem 20 first. [Based on a problem by Hewitt.] 6. A toy car is released on one side of a piece of track that is bent into an upright $$U$$ shape. The car goes back and forth. When the car reaches the limit of its motion on one side, its velocity is zero. Is its acceleration also zero? Explain using a $$v-t$$ graph. [Based on a problem by Serway and Faughn.] 7. What is the acceleration of a car that moves at a steady velocity of 100 km/h for 100 seconds? Explain your answer. [Based on a problem by Hewitt.] 8. A physics homework question asks, “If you start from rest and accelerate at 1.54 $$\ \text{m}/\text{s}^2$$ for 3.29 s, how far do you travel by the end of that time?” A student answers as follows: $\begin{equation*} 1.54 \times 3.29 = 5.07\ \text{m} \end{equation*}$ His Aunt Wanda is good with numbers, but has never taken physics. She doesn't know the formula for the distance traveled under constant acceleration over a given amount of time, but she tells her nephew his answer cannot be right. How does she know? 9. You are looking into a deep well. It is dark, and you cannot see the bottom. You want to find out how deep it is, so you drop a rock in, and you hear a splash 3.0 seconds later. How deep is the well? (answer check available at lightandmatter.com) 10. You take a trip in your spaceship to another star. Setting off, you increase your speed at a constant acceleration. Once you get half-way there, you start decelerating, at the same rate, so that by the time you get there, you have slowed down to zero speed. You see the tourist attractions, and then head home by the same method. (a) Find a formula for the time, $$T$$, required for the round trip, in terms of $$d$$, the distance from our sun to the star, and $$a$$, the magnitude of the acceleration. Note that the acceleration is not constant over the whole trip, but the trip can be broken up into constant-acceleration parts. (b) The nearest star to the Earth (other than our own sun) is Proxima Centauri, at a distance of $$d=4\times10^{16}\ \text{m}$$. Suppose you use an acceleration of $$a=10\ \text{m}/\text{s}^2$$, just enough to compensate for the lack of true gravity and make you feel comfortable. How long does the round trip take, in years? (c) Using the same numbers for $$d$$ and $$a$$, find your maximum speed. Compare this to the speed of light, which is $$3.0\times10^8$$ \ \textup{m}/\textup{s}. (Later in this course, you will learn that there are some new things going on in physics when one gets close to the speed of light, and that it is impossible to exceed the speed of light. For now, though, just use the simpler ideas you've learned so far.) (answer check available at lightandmatter.com) 11. You climb half-way up a tree, and drop a rock. Then you climb to the top, and drop another rock. How many times greater is the velocity of the second rock on impact? Explain. (The answer is not two times greater.) 12. Alice drops a rock off a cliff. Bubba shoots a gun straight down from the edge of the same cliff. Compare the accelerations of the rock and the bullet while they are in the air on the way down. [Based on a problem by Serway and Faughn.] 13. A person is parachute jumping. During the time between when she leaps out of the plane and when she opens her chute, her altitude is given by an equation of the form $\begin{equation*} y = b - c\left(t+ke^{-t/k}\right) , \end{equation*}$ where $$e$$ is the base of natural logarithms, and $$b$$, $$c$$, and $$k$$ are constants. Because of air resistance, her velocity does not increase at a steady rate as it would for an object falling in vacuum. (a) What units would $$b$$, $$c$$, and $$k$$ have to have for the equation to make sense? (b) Find the person's velocity, $$v$$, as a function of time. [You will need to use the chain rule, and the fact that $$d(e^x)/dx=e^x$$.] (answer check available at lightandmatter.com) (c) Use your answer from part (b) to get an interpretation of the constant $$c$$. [Hint: $$e^{-x}$$ approaches zero for large values of $$x$$.] (d) Find the person's acceleration, $$a$$, as a function of time.(answer check available at lightandmatter.com) (e) Use your answer from part (d) to show that if she waits long enough to open her chute, her acceleration will become very small. ∫ 14. (solution in the pdf version of the book) The top part of the figure shows the position-versus-time graph for an object moving in one dimension. On the bottom part of the figure, sketch the corresponding v-versus-t graph. 15. (solution in the pdf version of the book) On New Year's Eve, a stupid person fires a pistol straight up. The bullet leaves the gun at a speed of 100 \ \textup{m}/\textup{s}. How long does it take before the bullet hits the ground? 16. (solution in the pdf version of the book) If the acceleration of gravity on Mars is 1/3 that on Earth, how many times longer does it take for a rock to drop the same distance on Mars? Ignore air resistance. 17. (solution in the pdf version of the book) A honeybee's position as a function of time is given by $$x=10t-t^3$$, where $$t$$ is in seconds and $$x$$ in meters. What is its acceleration at $$t=3.0$$ s? ∫ 18. (solution in the pdf version of the book) In July 1999, Popular Mechanics carried out tests to find which car sold by a major auto maker could cover a quarter mile (402 meters) in the shortest time, starting from rest. Because the distance is so short, this type of test is designed mainly to favor the car with the greatest acceleration, not the greatest maximum speed (which is irrelevant to the average person). The winner was the Dodge Viper, with a time of 12.08 s. The car's top (and presumably final) speed was 118.51 miles per hour (52.98 \ \textup{m}/\textup{s}). (a) If a car, starting from rest and moving with constant acceleration, covers a quarter mile in this time interval, what is its acceleration? (b) What would be the final speed of a car that covered a quarter mile with the constant acceleration you found in part a? (c) Based on the discrepancy between your answer in part b and the actual final speed of the Viper, what do you conclude about how its acceleration changed over time? 19. (solution in the pdf version of the book) The graph represents the motion of a ball that rolls up a hill and then back down. When does the ball return to the location it had at $$t=0?$$ 20. (solution in the pdf version of the book) (a) The ball is released at the top of the ramp shown in the figure. Friction is negligible. Use physical reasoning to draw $$v-t$$ and $$a-t$$ graphs. Assume that the ball doesn't bounce at the point where the ramp changes slope. (b) Do the same for the case where the ball is rolled up the slope from the right side, but doesn't quite have enough speed to make it over the top. 21. (solution in the pdf version of the book) You throw a rubber ball up, and it falls and bounces several times. Draw graphs of position, velocity, and acceleration as functions of time. 22. (solution in the pdf version of the book) Starting from rest, a ball rolls down a ramp, traveling a distance $$L$$ and picking up a final speed $$v$$. How much of the distance did the ball have to cover before achieving a speed of $$v/2?$$ [Based on a problem by Arnold Arons.] 23. The graph shows the acceleration of a chipmunk in a TV cartoon. It consists of two circular arcs and two line segments. At $$t=0$$.00 $$s$$, the chipmunk's velocity is $$-3.10\ \text{m}/\text{s}$$. What is its velocity at $$t=10.00$$ s? (answer check available at lightandmatter.com) 24. Find the error in the following calculation. A student wants to find the distance traveled by a car that accelerates from rest for 5.0 s with an acceleration of $$2.0\ \text{m}/\text{s}^2$$. First he solves $$a=\Delta v/\Delta t$$ for $$\Delta v=10 \ \text{m}/\text{s}$$. Then he multiplies to find $$(10\ \text{m}/\text{s})(5.0\ \text{s})=50\ \text{m}$$. Do not just recalculate the result by a different method; if that was all you did, you'd have no way of knowing which calculation was correct, yours or his. 25. Acceleration could be defined either as $$\Delta v/\Delta t$$ or as the slope of the tangent line on the $$v-t$$ graph. Is either one superior as a definition, or are they equivalent? If you say one is better, give an example of a situation where it makes a difference which one you use. 26. If an object starts accelerating from rest, we have $$v^2=2a\Delta x$$ for its speed after it has traveled a distance $$\Delta x$$. Explain in words why it makes sense that the equation has velocity squared, but distance only to the first power. Don't recapitulate the derivation in the book, or give a justification based on units. The point is to explain what this feature of the equation tells us about the way speed increases as more distance is covered. 27. The figure shows a practical, simple experiment for determining $$g$$ to high precision. Two steel balls are suspended from electromagnets, and are released simultaneously when the electric current is shut off. They fall through unequal heights $$\Delta x_1$$ and $$\Delta x_2$$. A computer records the sounds through a microphone as first one ball and then the other strikes the floor. From this recording, we can accurately determine the quantity $$T$$ defined as $$T=\Delta t_2-\Delta t_1$$, i.e., the time lag between the first and second impacts. Note that since the balls do not make any sound when they are released, we have no way of measuring the individual times $$\Delta t_2$$ and $$\Delta t_1$$. (a) Find an equation for $$g$$ in terms of the measured quantities $$T$$, $$\Delta x_1$$ and $$\Delta x_2$$.(answer check available at lightandmatter.com) (b) Check the units of your equation. (c) Check that your equation gives the correct result in the case where $$\Delta x_1$$ is very close to zero. However, is this case realistic? (d) What happens when $$\Delta x_1=\Delta x_2$$? Discuss this both mathematically and physically. 28. The speed required for a low-earth orbit is $$7.9\times10^3\ \text{m}/\text{s}$$ (see ch. 10). When a rocket is launched into orbit, it goes up a little at first to get above almost all of the atmosphere, but then tips over horizontally to build up to orbital speed. Suppose the horizontal acceleration is limited to $$3g$$ to keep from damaging the cargo (or hurting the crew, for a crewed flight). (a) What is the minimum distance the rocket must travel downrange before it reaches orbital speed? How much does it matter whether you take into account the initial eastward velocity due to the rotation of the earth? (b) Rather than a rocket ship, it might be advantageous to use a railgun design, in which the craft would be accelerated to orbital speeds along a railroad track. This has the advantage that it isn't necessary to lift a large mass of fuel, since the energy source is external. Based on your answer to part a, comment on the feasibility of this design for crewed launches from the earth's surface. {Problem 29. This spectacular series of photos from a 2011 paper by Burrows and Sutton (“Biomechanics of jumping in the flea,” J. Exp. Biology 214:836) shows the flea jumping at about a 45-degree angle, but for the sake of this estimate just consider the case of a flea jumping vertically.}} 29. Some fleas can jump as high as 30 cm. The flea only has a short time to build up speed --- the time during which its center of mass is accelerating upward but its feet are still in contact with the ground. Make an order-of-magnitude estimate of the acceleration the flea needs to have while straightening its legs, and state your answer in units of $$g$$, i.e., how many “$$g$$'s it pulls.” (For comparison, fighter pilots black out or die if they exceed about 5 or 10 $$g$$'s.) 30. Consider the following passage from Alice in Wonderland, in which Alice has been falling for a long time down a rabbit hole: Down, down, down. Would the fall never come to an end? “I wonder how many miles I've fallen by this time?” she said aloud. “I must be getting somewhere near the center of the earth. Let me see: that would be four thousand miles down, I think” (for, you see, Alice had learned several things of this sort in her lessons in the schoolroom, and though this was not a very good opportunity for showing off her knowledge, as there was no one to listen to her, still it was good practice to say it over)... Alice doesn't know much physics, but let's try to calculate the amount of time it would take to fall four thousand miles, starting from rest with an acceleration of 10 $$\ \text{m}/\text{s}^2$$. This is really only a lower limit; if there really was a hole that deep, the fall would actually take a longer time than the one you calculate, both because there is air friction and because gravity gets weaker as you get deeper (at the center of the earth, $$g$$ is zero, because the earth is pulling you equally in every direction at once). (answer check available at lightandmatter.com) 31. The photo shows Apollo 16 astronaut John Young jumping on the moon and saluting at the top of his jump. The video footage of the jump shows him staying aloft for 1.45 seconds. Gravity on the moon is 1/6 as strong as on the earth. Compute the height of the jump.(answer check available at lightandmatter.com) 32. Most people don't know that Spinosaurus aegyptiacus, not Tyrannosaurus rex, was the biggest theropod dinosaur. We can't put a dinosaur on a track and time it in the 100 meter dash, so we can only infer from physical models how fast it could have run. When an animal walks at a normal pace, typically its legs swing more or less like pendulums of the same length $$\ell$$. As a further simplification of this model, let's imagine that the leg simply moves at a fixed acceleration as it falls to the ground. That is, we model the time for a quarter of a stride cycle as being the same as the time required for free fall from a height $$\ell$$. S. aegyptiacus had legs about four times longer than those of a human. (a) Compare the time required for a human's stride cycle to that for S. aegyptiacus.(answer check available at lightandmatter.com) (b) Compare their running speeds.(answer check available at lightandmatter.com) 33. Engineering professor Qingming Li used sensors and video cameras to study punches delivered in the lab by British former welterweight boxing champion Ricky “the Hitman” Hatton. For comparison, Li also let a TV sports reporter put on the gloves and throw punches. The time it took for Hatton's best punch to arrive, i.e., the time his opponent would have had to react, was about $$0.47$$ of that for the reporter. Let's assume that the fist starts from rest and moves with constant acceleration all the way up until impact, at some fixed distance (arm's length). Compare Hatton's acceleration to the reporter's.(answer check available at lightandmatter.com) 34. Aircraft carriers originated in World War I, and the first landing on a carrier was performed by E.H. Dunning in a Sopwith Pup biplane, landing on HMS Furious. (Dunning was killed the second time he attempted the feat.) In such a landing, the pilot slows down to just above the plane's stall speed, which is the minimum speed at which the plane can fly without stalling. The plane then lands and is caught by cables and decelerated as it travels the length of the flight deck. Comparing a modern US F-14 fighter jet landing on an Enterprise-class carrier to Dunning's original exploit, the stall speed is greater by a factor of 4.8, and to accomodate this, the length of the flight deck is greater by a factor of 1.9. Which deceleration is greater, and by what factor?(answer check available at lightandmatter.com) 35. In college-level women's softball in the U.S., typically a pitcher is expected to be at least 1.75 m tall, but Virginia Tech pitcher Jasmin Harrell is 1.62 m. Although a pitcher actually throws by stepping forward and swinging her arm in a circle, let's make a simplified physical model to estimate how much of a disadvantage Harrell has had to overcome due to her height. We'll pretend that the pitcher gives the ball a constant acceleration in a straight line, and that the length of this line is proportional to the pitcher's height. Compare the acceleration Harrell would have to supply with the acceleration that would suffice for a pitcher of the nominal minimum height, if both were to throw a pitch at the same speed.(answer check available at lightandmatter.com) 36. When the police engage in a high-speed chase on city streets, it can be extremely dangerous both to the police and to other motorists and pedestrians. Suppose that the police car must travel at a speed that is limited by the need to be able to stop before hitting a baby carriage, and that the distance at which the driver first sees the baby carriage is fixed. Tests show that in a panic stop from high speed, a police car based on a Chevy Impala has a deceleration 9% greater than that of a Dodge Intrepid. Compare the maximum safe speeds for the two cars.(answer check available at lightandmatter.com) (c) 1998-2013 Benjamin Crowell, licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike license. Photo credits are given at the end of the Adobe Acrobat version. ##### Footnotes [1] Galileo, Discourses and Mathematical Demonstrations Relating to Two New Sciences, 1638. The experiments are described in the Third Day, and their support for the principle of inertia is discussed in the Scholium following Theorems I-XIV. Another experiment involving a ship is described in Galileo's 1624 reply to a letter from Fr. Ingoli, but although Galileo vigorously asserts that he really did carry it out, no detailed description or quantitative results are given.

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