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<s>[INST] Who should have an evaluation for osteoporosis? [/INST] An evaluation for osteoporosis is beneficial for anyone with risk factors. Since women are four times more likely than men to develop osteoporosis, it is especially important for them to be evaluated. The National Osteoporosis Foundation recommends that all women over 65 have a bone density measurement as well as younger women and older men with multiple risk factors. Source: UCONN HEALTH. Link: https://health.uconn.edu/osteoporosis/frequently-asked-questions/. Field: Rheumatology. Disease: Ostoeporosis </s>

<s>[INST] What is Pneumonia? [/INST] Pneumonia is a respiratory system disease that affects the lungs. The elderly and young children are the groups most at risk of developing pneumonia. Basic measures to avoid contracting pneumonia include good hand hygiene, quitting smoking and an appropriate vaccination programme. Source: Clinic Barcelona. Link: https://www.clinicbarcelona.org/en/assistance/diseases/pneumonia. Field: Lung Disease. Disease: Pneumonia </s>

<s>[INST] Is pneumonia contagious? [/INST] Pneumonia is usually only contagious in some specific cases, for example if it is caused by the flu virus (influenza virus) or by certain bacteria, such as Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia. The risk of transmission is very low; nevertheless, some basic preventive measures such as washing your hands are still recommendable. Source: Clinic Barcelona. Link: https://www.clinicbarcelona.org/en/assistance/diseases/pneumonia. Field: Lung Disease. Disease: Pneumonia </s>

<s>[INST] For how long is it contagious? [/INST] It is impossible to accurately predict the exact length of the infective period as it depends on each person and several other factors, such as the extent of the disease, how quickly the medication acts and the individual’s capacity to fight off the illness. Source: Clinic Barcelona. Link: https://www.clinicbarcelona.org/en/assistance/diseases/pneumonia. Field: Lung Disease. Disease: Pneumonia </s>

<s>[INST] Why do I have pneumonia? [/INST] Pneumonia is a lung infection and occurs when a microorganism invades tissues in the lungs. Source: Clinic Barcelona. Link: https://www.clinicbarcelona.org/en/assistance/diseases/pneumonia. Field: Lung Disease. Disease: Pneumonia </s>

<s>[INST] Is pneumonia serious? [/INST] Pneumonia can be very serious, especially in at-risk populations such as children under the age of 5 and adults aged over 65 years. Other risk factors are the presence of comorbidities, e.g., chronic respiratory diseases, diabetes or neurological diseases. Tobacco and excessive alcohol use are other factors that increase the likelihood of suffering a more severe case of pneumonia. Source: Clinic Barcelona. Link: https://www.clinicbarcelona.org/en/assistance/diseases/pneumonia. Field: Lung Disease. Disease: Pneumonia </s>

<s>[INST] What is a chest X-ray? [/INST] A chest X-ray is an imaging test used to diagnose pneumonia and provide information about the spread of infection throughout the lungs. Source: Clinic Barcelona. Link: https://www.clinicbarcelona.org/en/assistance/diseases/pneumonia. Field: Lung Disease. Disease: Pneumonia </s>

<s>[INST] Why do I have to do a blood test? [/INST] The blood test provides information about your general state of health and the severity of the infection. Source: Clinic Barcelona. Link: https://www.clinicbarcelona.org/en/assistance/diseases/pneumonia. Field: Lung Disease. Disease: Pneumonia </s>

<s>[INST] Why do they measure my oxygen levels? [/INST] The healthcare team need to know your blood oxygen level to determine if you need oxygen therapy. Source: Clinic Barcelona. Link: https://www.clinicbarcelona.org/en/assistance/diseases/pneumonia. Field: Lung Disease. Disease: Pneumonia </s>

<s>[INST] Why am I going to be admitted to hospital? [/INST] At the hospital, healthcare staff can monitor your vital signs (heart rate, respiratory rate, temperature) to ensure you are reacting correctly to the treatment established for your pneumonia. You may be administered the treatment intravenously. In some cases the doctor could decide to isolate patients in order to protect them and everyone else at the hospital. Your nurse will inform you about your hospital care on a daily basis, and also instruct what you can do to help maintain a good level of health when you return home. Source: Clinic Barcelona. Link: https://www.clinicbarcelona.org/en/assistance/diseases/pneumonia. Field: Lung Disease. Disease: Pneumonia </s>

<s>[INST] How long will I have to remain in the hospital? [/INST] Most people admitted to hospital for pneumonia are usually well enough to be discharged within 3–4 days. However, several factors are involved in their treatment plan. Some people can return home quite quickly, while others require more time in the hospital. Ask your doctor about the length of your hospital stay. Source: Clinic Barcelona. Link: https://www.clinicbarcelona.org/en/assistance/diseases/pneumonia. Field: Lung Disease. Disease: Pneumonia </s>

<s>[INST] What are antibiotics and why do I need them? [/INST] Antibiotics are intravenously or orally administered (tablets) medicines used to destroy bacteria and control the infection in your lungs (pneumonia). Source: Clinic Barcelona. Link: https://www.clinicbarcelona.org/en/assistance/diseases/pneumonia. Field: Lung Disease. Disease: Pneumonia </s>

<s>[INST] I want to stop smoking, where do I start? [/INST] If you decide to definitively stop smoking, do not hesitate to contact your doctor as they can provide you with appropriate resources to help you quit. Source: Clinic Barcelona. Link: https://www.clinicbarcelona.org/en/assistance/diseases/pneumonia. Field: Lung Disease. Disease: Pneumonia </s>

<s>[INST] When should I get vaccinated? [/INST] You can receive a flu vaccine every year. The pneumococcus vaccine is taken once and then repeated every 5 years. Source: Clinic Barcelona. Link: https://www.clinicbarcelona.org/en/assistance/diseases/pneumonia. Field: Lung Disease. Disease: Pneumonia </s>

<s>[INST] Will I be cured by the treatment they give me? [/INST] Pneumonia is a type of infection and so your doctor will treat it with medicines (antibiotics/antivirals) that help fight off infections. It is essential that you finish the treatment indicated by your doctor. Remember that pneumonia can, in some cases, cause death. If you adhere to your treatment, then your symptoms will certainly disappear and the pneumonia will be cured. Source: Clinic Barcelona. Link: https://www.clinicbarcelona.org/en/assistance/diseases/pneumonia. Field: Lung Disease. Disease: Pneumonia </s>

<s>[INST] Should I stay in bed when I return home? [/INST] Getting out of bed and walking around as much as you can will aid your recovery. Rest is also advised, but this does not mean that you should stay in bed all day. Do not overexert your body. Source: Clinic Barcelona. Link: https://www.clinicbarcelona.org/en/assistance/diseases/pneumonia. Field: Lung Disease. Disease: Pneumonia </s>

<s>[INST] Could my case of pneumonia be very severe? [/INST] The severity of pneumonia depends on several factors, including your age, or any comorbidities or risk factors you may have that increase your vulnerability to infection. Source: Clinic Barcelona. Link: https://www.clinicbarcelona.org/en/assistance/diseases/pneumonia. Field: Lung Disease. Disease: Pneumonia </s>

<s>[INST] Types of pneumonia [/INST] Pneumonia can be classified into two groups depending on the clinical presentation: Community-acquired pneumonia (CAP). Community-acquired pneumonia is characterised by a rapid clinical onset, high fever, pain in one side or transient abdominal pain, rapid breathing (tachypnoea), cough and purulent or brownish phlegm. One example of this common type of presentation is pneumonia induced by Streptococcus pneumoniae (pneumococcus), which is considered the main pneumonia-causing microorganism worldwide. Community-acquired pneumonia with an atypical clinical presentation. This is characterised by a less acute onset, low fever, a barely productive (dry) cough, diarrhoea and/or vomiting. Pneumonias caused by intracellular bacteria, e.g., Mycoplasma pneumoniae or Legionella pneumophila, are known as atypical pneumonias due to their unusual presentation. Source: Clinic Barcelona. Link: https://www.clinicbarcelona.org/en/assistance/diseases/pneumonia. Field: Lung Disease. Disease: Pneumonia </s>

<s>[INST] Am I at risk for pneumonia? [/INST] Anyone can get pneumonia, but some people are at a higher risk than others. Talk with your doctor to determine if you are at high risk. Source: American Lung Association. Link: https://www.lung.org/lung-health-diseases/lung-disease-lookup/pneumonia/five-top-questions-for-dr. Field: Lung Disease. Disease: Pneumonia </s>

<s>[INST] What vaccines should I get? [/INST] Pneumonia can be prevented. Get a flu shot every year to prevent seasonal influenza. The flu is a common cause of pneumonia, so preventing the flu is a good way to prevent pneumonia. Get vaccinated against pneumococcal pneumonia, the most common form of bacterial pneumonia, if you are at high risk of getting this type of pneumonia. Pneumococcal pneumonia vaccine is recommended for all children under the age of 5 and for adults with specific risk factors. Work with your doctor to determine if you should get the pneumonia vaccine. Source: American Lung Association. Link: https://www.lung.org/lung-health-diseases/lung-disease-lookup/pneumonia/five-top-questions-for-dr. Field: Lung Disease. Disease: Pneumonia </s>

<s>[INST] What are the symptoms of pneumonia? [/INST] Symptoms of pneumonia may vary but the most common are cough (with some pneumonias you may cough up greenish or yellow mucus, or even bloody mucus), fever, chills and shortness of breath. If you are concerned you might have pneumonia, call your doctor immediately. Source: American Lung Association. Link: https://www.lung.org/lung-health-diseases/lung-disease-lookup/pneumonia/five-top-questions-for-dr. Field: Lung Disease. Disease: Pneumonia </s>

<s>[INST] What are the different types of pneumonia? [/INST] There are several different types of pneumonia including bacterial, viral, mycoplasma and others. The type of pneumonia you have determine how it is treated. If you are diagnosed with pneumonia, ask your doctor what kind you have and what treatment is recommended. Source: American Lung Association. Link: https://www.lung.org/lung-health-diseases/lung-disease-lookup/pneumonia/five-top-questions-for-dr. Field: Lung Disease. Disease: Pneumonia </s>

<s>[INST] What else can I do to keep my lungs healthy? [/INST] Good health habits can help prevent pneumonia and other lung diseases. Practice good oral hygiene and hand washing. If you are at higher risk for pneumonia Avoid crowds, people who are ill and exposure to lung irritants like cigarette smoke and air pollution. Source: American Lung Association. Link: https://www.lung.org/lung-health-diseases/lung-disease-lookup/pneumonia/five-top-questions-for-dr. Field: Lung Disease. Disease: Pneumonia </s>

<s>[INST] What is Pneumonia? [/INST] Pneumonia is a chronic lung disease, causing inflammation of alveoli or air sacs in the lungs. During this condition, the air sacs get filled with fluid or pus and this disturbs normal breathing phenomenon. It can be experienced in one or both lungs, and therefore known as single or double pneumonia respectively. Source: Medifee. Link: https://www.medifee.com/faq/pneumonia. Field: Lung Disease. Disease: Pneumonia </s>

<s>[INST] How do you get pneumonia? [/INST] Breathing in air containing germs causing pneumonia may lead to this lung disorder. When a person inhales in air containing bacteria and viruses, these parasitic organisms find their way into the respiratory tract. The body's immune system sends in antibodies to fight and eliminate foreign entities. However, when the immune system fails to fight back germs, the parasitic organisms settle within the air sacs and multiply. As the body still continues to fight back germs, a fluid or pus is released, blocking the alveoli and thus leading to pneumonia. Source: Medifee. Link: https://www.medifee.com/faq/pneumonia. Field: Lung Disease. Disease: Pneumonia </s>

<s>[INST] What are the types of pneumonia? [/INST] Pneumonia can be classified on the basis of where and how the causative germs enter our body, or the part of the lungs that gets affected: Types of pneumonia – How the germs have entered our body: Community acquired pneumonia (CAP) Hospital acquired pneumonia (HAP) Healthcare acquired pneumonia (HCAP) Ventilator associated pneumonia (VAP) Aspiration – A condition where foreign materials (food, saliva, nasal secretions) enter the bronchial tree Types of pneumonia – Depending on the part of lungs affected: Lobar pneumonia Bronchial pneumonia Acute interstitial pneumonia Source: Medifee. Link: https://www.medifee.com/faq/pneumonia. Field: Lung Disease. Disease: Pneumonia </s>

<s>[INST] What are the signs and symptoms of pneumonia? [/INST] Shortness of breath Fast breathing – more than 45 breaths per minute Bluish discoloration of skin, fingertips and toenails Cough accompanied with small amount of mucous Coughing up blood A bad sore throat Extreme fatigue Severe chest pain Fever that may sometimes be accompanied with chills and shivering Swollen lymph nodes of neck Wheezing or noisy breathing Muscle pain Source: Medifee. Link: https://www.medifee.com/faq/pneumonia. Field: Lung Disease. Disease: Pneumonia </s>

<s>[INST] Who is at a high risk of getting pneumonia? [/INST] Excessive smoking and alcoholism lead to the most common reasons of CAP Severe cold or influenza may lead to viral pneumonia Infants below 1 year and adults above 65 years remain at highest risk of pneumonia Other medical condition – HIV, COPD or Asthma Have a weak immune system or being malnourished Continuous and prolonged exposure to certain industrial pollutants Source: Medifee. Link: https://www.medifee.com/faq/pneumonia. Field: Lung Disease. Disease: Pneumonia </s>

<s>[INST] Are people living in cold climatic conditions more prone to pneumonia? [/INST] Pneumonia is not related to weather conditions. People living in cold areas mostly stay indoors to keep themselves warm. As they do not come in contact with fresh air and sunlight too often, bacteria growth becomes easier. Thus, making them susceptible to pneumonia. Again, people living in tropical regions already have hot climatic conditions favorable for bacterial growth. Thus, pneumonia is equally common in these areas as well. Source: Medifee. Link: https://www.medifee.com/faq/pneumonia. Field: Lung Disease. Disease: Pneumonia </s>

<s>[INST] Is pneumonia fatal? [/INST] Pneumonia is usually not fatal and can be treated with timely diagnosis and administering effective remedies. However, virus infected pneumonia in children and elderly people may prove fatal if proper and quick treatment measures are not opted for. Source: Medifee. Link: https://www.medifee.com/faq/pneumonia. Field: Lung Disease. Disease: Pneumonia </s>

<s>[INST] What tests will you doctor order to confirm pneumonia? [/INST] Early symptoms of pneumonia can be very misleading as they are very common to any other lung disorder such as asthma. However, you are required to see a doctor if you are having any of the above mentioned symptoms (Refer to Question 4). The doctor may suggest the following tests: Chest X Ray Blood test A CT Scan of your chest Sputum test to examine the mucous Pulse oximetry test - To know if pneumonia has already disturbed oxygenation of blood Bronchoscopy Pleural fluid culture Source: Medifee. Link: https://www.medifee.com/faq/pneumonia. Field: Lung Disease. Disease: Pneumonia </s>

<s>[INST] How is pneumonia treated? [/INST] Pneumonia that has been diagnosed at an early stage can easily be treated with antibiotics and adequate rest. Infants detected with pneumonia may have to spend a night or two in hospitals to eliminate any chances of severity. Drinking plenty of fluids while in this condition is extremely important. Source: Medifee. Link: https://www.medifee.com/faq/pneumonia. Field: Lung Disease. Disease: Pneumonia </s>

<s>[INST] What is the recovery period of pneumonia? [/INST] Patients suffering from severe pneumonia require 4- 6 months time, getting back to normal. This implies coming back to the most healthy version of themselves. However, reduction in intensity of symptoms can be experienced right after the medicines have been administered. Very severe pneumonia may have the following staged improvement: Within a week's time, you are no longer suffering from fever Cough and mucous production is completely resolved by a month's time Around the 6th week post medication, you will no longer experience breathlessness or similar difficulties After 3 months, you only feel a little tired while all other symptoms have disappeared Around the 6th month, you are completely back to your normal life with no signs of pneumonia Source: Medifee. Link: https://www.medifee.com/faq/pneumonia. Field: Lung Disease. Disease: Pneumonia </s>

<s>[INST] Is pneumonia contagious? [/INST] No. Pneumonia as a disease is not contagious. However, germs causing this disease are free to travel from one person to another. Therefore, people who are already at a high risk of pneumonia; as for example a person with weakened immune system should not be in close contact with pneumonia patients; especially those suffering from bronchial pneumonia. Source: Medifee. Link: https://www.medifee.com/faq/pneumonia. Field: Lung Disease. Disease: Pneumonia </s>

<s>[INST] Is double pneumonia more dangerous than single pneumonia? [/INST] Well it is conveniently believed that double pneumonia is more difficult. However, this is not completely true as severe single pneumonia can prove to be more dangerous than chronic double pneumonia. Source: Medifee. Link: https://www.medifee.com/faq/pneumonia. Field: Lung Disease. Disease: Pneumonia </s>

<s>[INST] Can pneumonia lead to other health disorders? [/INST] Yes pneumonia may sometimes lead to further complications. Bacteremia – Bacteria causing pneumonia may enter the blood steam and pass to other organs and rarely lead to organ failure Extremely difficult breathing, requiring ventilation Pleural effusion – Fluid may further develop within thin layers of tissue lining the lungs or pleura. This may call for a surgical treatment. Source: Medifee. Link: https://www.medifee.com/faq/pneumonia. Field: Lung Disease. Disease: Pneumonia </s>

<s>[INST] What can you do to prevent pneumonia? [/INST] The following are some of the effective measures of preventing pneumonia: Abstaining from smoking and alcohol Maintaining good hygiene to reduce chances of germ contact Early treatment of mild flu or influenza Eating healthy food to keep immune system at good state Taking very good care of new borns in terms of hygiene and protection from flu germs Maintaining clean and safe environment to reduce chances of people suffering from CAP - The most common type of pneumonia worldwide Vaccines against pneumonia. Prevnar is a pneumonia vaccine formulated for infants. Pneumovax is available for adults. Source: Medifee. Link: https://www.medifee.com/faq/pneumonia. Field: Lung Disease. Disease: Pneumonia </s>

<s>[INST] How often do elderly people above 65 years need to take pneumonia vaccines? [/INST] A single dose of pneumonia is recommended for adults above 65 years. No annual vaccines are required. However, Pneumonia vaccines may perhaps not guarantee 100% prevention. However, people at high risk of pneumonia may definitely have a reduced chance of getting severe pneumonia in future. Source: Medifee. Link: https://www.medifee.com/faq/pneumonia. Field: Lung Disease. Disease: Pneumonia </s>

<s>[INST] Can breastfeeding protect your child from pneumonia? [/INST] The answer is YES. Breastfeeding gives your child every essential ingredients to strengthen the immune system and thus fight away germs. However, at a tender age, care needs to be taken that your baby is kept in a clean and safe environment; even if you are breastfeeding him/her. Source: Medifee. Link: https://www.medifee.com/faq/pneumonia. Field: Lung Disease. Disease: Pneumonia </s>

<s>[INST] What food items can help to treat pneumonia? [/INST] Apart from medical treatments discussed earlier (Refer Q.7), there are certain food items that can facilitate speedy recovery from pneumonia. However, you need to discuss with your doctor before making any drastic dietary change. Below listed are some of the food items that have shown to improve conditions in most patients: A mixed variety of fruits and vegetables you eat Beats and spinach are said to be very effective for pneumonia Carrot juice is also equally helpful Whole grains - Oats, brown rice, barley Cold water fish provide required amounts of protein and omega 3 fats Chicken soup is effective for all lung diseases including pneumonia 6 – 10 cups of liquid, including water, juice, mild tea. Coffee needs to be avoided. Milk may lead to irritation in some patients and therefore you can choose according to your personal requirements Source: Medifee. Link: https://www.medifee.com/faq/pneumonia. Field: Lung Disease. Disease: Pneumonia </s>

<s>[INST] Which doctor should I consult if I am suffering from pneumonia? [/INST] You can consult a General Physician or your family physician. Source: MedIndia. Link: https://www.medindia.net/patients/patientinfo/pneumonia-faq.htm. Field: Lung Disease. Disease: Pneumonia </s>

<s>[INST] Is pneumonia a viral or bacterial infection? [/INST] Both viruses and bacteria can cause pneumonia. In some cases, bacteria cause pneumonia as a secondary infection Source: MedIndia. Link: https://www.medindia.net/patients/patientinfo/pneumonia-faq.htm. Field: Lung Disease. Disease: Pneumonia </s>

<s>[INST] What percentage of pneumonia is caused by viruses? [/INST] 50% are caused by viruses and are less severe than bacteria. Symptoms are milder than bacterial pneumonia like cold, dry cough, headache, fever and weakness. Source: MedIndia. Link: https://www.medindia.net/patients/patientinfo/pneumonia-faq.htm. Field: Lung Disease. Disease: Pneumonia </s>

<s>[INST] Is there a vaccine to protect from pneumonia? [/INST] Yes. The Influenza vaccine and vaccines against Pneumococcus pneumoniae and Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) can protect against pneumonia. Source: MedIndia. Link: https://www.medindia.net/patients/patientinfo/pneumonia-faq.htm. Field: Lung Disease. Disease: Pneumonia </s>

<s>[INST] Can I continue to smoke if I have pneumonia? [/INST] It is advisable to stop smoking since it will further irritate the already swollen and inflamed lung tissue and the tracheo-bronchial tree. Source: MedIndia. Link: https://www.medindia.net/patients/patientinfo/pneumonia-faq.htm. Field: Lung Disease. Disease: Pneumonia </s>

<s>[INST] Does pneumonia affect the respiratory system? [/INST] Germs causing pneumonia invade the air sacs of the lungs or alveoli causing inflammation and filled with fluid. This causes less oxygen to reach the blood. Breathing becomes labored. Source: MedIndia. Link: https://www.medindia.net/patients/patientinfo/pneumonia-faq.htm. Field: Lung Disease. Disease: Pneumonia </s>

<s>[INST] How serious is pneumonia? [/INST] The severity of pneumonia depends on a person’s general health, age and how strong is their immune system. It is also less serious when it is caused by a virus.Pneumonia can be deadly in infants less than 2 years and elders more than 65 years. It can also be fatal in persons with weakened immune systems. Source: MedIndia. Link: https://www.medindia.net/patients/patientinfo/pneumonia-faq.htm. Field: Lung Disease. Disease: Pneumonia </s>

<s>[INST] Is pneumonia contagious? [/INST] Yes it is. It can spread by inhaling the small airborne particles present in the air when someone near you has coughed or sneezed. Source: MedIndia. Link: https://www.medindia.net/patients/patientinfo/pneumonia-faq.htm. Field: Lung Disease. Disease: Pneumonia </s>

<s>[INST] How long does it take to recover from pneumonia? [/INST] Most healthy people would recover in one to three weeks. Seniors and immunocompromised people might take several weeks depending on their general health. Source: MedIndia. Link: https://www.medindia.net/patients/patientinfo/pneumonia-faq.htm. Field: Lung Disease. Disease: Pneumonia </s>

<s>[INST] Is pneumonia is curable? [/INST] Yes, it is curable. For pneumonia caused by a virus, rest, pain killers and drinking plenty of warm fluids help. For pneumonia caused by bacteria, antibiotic treatments should be completed for full recovery. Source: MedIndia. Link: https://www.medindia.net/patients/patientinfo/pneumonia-faq.htm. Field: Lung Disease. Disease: Pneumonia </s>

<s>[INST] How is pneumonia diagnosed in babies? [/INST] Babies have symptoms of fever, chills, irregular breathing, loss of appetite and tummy ache. Pink eye with mild fever may be a symptom in babies who get pneumonia due to chlamydia. Sometimes they might have long coughing spells and the body will be cyanosed or blue from lack of air when pneumonia is caused due to whooping cough. Source: MedIndia. Link: https://www.medindia.net/patients/patientinfo/pneumonia-faq.htm. Field: Lung Disease. Disease: Pneumonia </s>

<s>[INST] How many cases of pneumonia are there per year? [/INST] There are around 120 million episodes of pneumonia per year in children under 5 Source: MedIndia. Link: https://www.medindia.net/patients/patientinfo/pneumonia-faq.htm. Field: Lung Disease. Disease: Pneumonia </s>

<s>[INST] How do I keep my lungs healthy? [/INST] By practising good health habits including good oral hygiene and hand washing. Avoiding populated and polluted places. Source: MedIndia. Link: https://www.medindia.net/patients/patientinfo/pneumonia-faq.htm. Field: Lung Disease. Disease: Pneumonia </s>

<s>[INST] What is “walking pneumonia”? [/INST] Walking pneumonia is a milder case of the disease caused by a mild bacteria or a virus. Symptoms are mild and we can fight of the infection without any antibiotics. This is sometimes caused by an atypical bacterium called Mycoplasma pneumoniae. Source: MedIndia. Link: https://www.medindia.net/patients/patientinfo/pneumonia-faq.htm. Field: Lung Disease. Disease: Pneumonia </s>

<s>[INST] Why is it important to complete your course of antibiotics for bacterial pneumonia? [/INST] In order to make sure that the infection will not recur and to prevent the increase of antibiotic-resistant bacteria. Source: MedIndia. Link: https://www.medindia.net/patients/patientinfo/pneumonia-faq.htm. Field: Lung Disease. Disease: Pneumonia </s>

<s>[INST] What happens to a bacterial pneumonia if untreated? [/INST] An untreated bacterial pneumonia can cause a blood infection or an abscess in your lung Source: MedIndia. Link: https://www.medindia.net/patients/patientinfo/pneumonia-faq.htm. Field: Lung Disease. Disease: Pneumonia </s>

<s>[INST] When do you get help for pneumonia or may require hospitalization? [/INST] When there is fever with shaking chills, a cough that causes you to spit up blood or rust-colored mucus. If you suffer from shortness of breath and rapid breathing with wheezing, you are advised to visit a hospital casualty for possible admission. If you suffer from asthma or have any co-morbid conditions that weaken your immunity, you should seek help at the earliest and get hospitalized if required. Source: MedIndia. Link: https://www.medindia.net/patients/patientinfo/pneumonia-faq.htm. Field: Lung Disease. Disease: Pneumonia </s>

<s>[INST] Pneumonia Causes [/INST] Pneumonia infection can be caused by bacteria, viruses, fungi, or chemical and physical injury. It is a lung inflammation that most often follows bacterial or viral respiratory infections. Frequent causes include the common cold (e.g. rhinovirus infection), Influenza (flu), COVID-19, pneumococcal disease or respiratory syncytial viral (RSV) infection. In pneumonia, the alveoli (air-filled sacs in the lungs responsible for absorbing oxygen) are filled with pus and other fluids making it difficult for oxygen to reach the blood. With little oxygen in the blood, your body cells cannot function properly. When the lungs become congested with fluids, breathing becomes difficult. Source: Health Hub SG. Link: https://www.healthhub.sg/a-z/diseases-and-conditions/topic_pneumonia. Field: Lung Disease. Disease: Pneumonia </s>

<s>[INST] How Pneumonia Can Affect the Lungs [/INST] Lobar pneumonia: if the lung inflammation or infection affects a section (lobe) of the lung Bronchopneumonia: if the inflammation spreads from the bronchi to other parts of the lung Source: Health Hub SG. Link: https://www.healthhub.sg/a-z/diseases-and-conditions/topic_pneumonia. Field: Lung Disease. Disease: Pneumonia </s>

<s>[INST] People at High Risk for Pneumonia [/INST] Certain individuals are at high risk of developing severe pneumonia because of a weaker immune system. Adults aged 65 or older, very young children under the age of 5, people with chronic medical conditions and those with HIV/AIDS should be more vigilant and take extra precautionary measures when there is an outbreak of infectious respiratory diseases like influenza. Source: Health Hub SG. Link: https://www.healthhub.sg/a-z/diseases-and-conditions/topic_pneumonia. Field: Lung Disease. Disease: Pneumonia </s>

<s>[INST] Pneumonia Symptoms [/INST] Signs of pneumonia vary greatly depending on the cause and the sufferer’s underlying condition. Typical symptoms associated with pneumonia include: Cough Chest pain Fever Breathing difficulty A person with bacterial pneumonia usually has a sudden onset of symptoms such as high-grade fever, chills, shortness of breath, chest pain and a cough with thick, greenish or yellowish phlegm. For viral pneumonia, the symptoms usually start with a dry cough, fever, headache, body and muscle pains. Subsequently, the person may become breathless and the cough produces whitish or clear phlegm. Children suffering from pneumonia may experience a sudden onset of fever, coughing, laboured and rapid breathing (more than 45 breaths a minute), wheezing, bluish skin, lips or fingertips. Source: Health Hub SG. Link: https://www.healthhub.sg/a-z/diseases-and-conditions/topic_pneumonia. Field: Lung Disease. Disease: Pneumonia </s>

<s>[INST] Pneumonia Treatment [/INST] Medication to treat pneumonia depends on the germs (bacteria/virus) that cause the infection. If pneumonia is due to bacteria, antibiotics are usually prescribed. If the pneumonia is caused by a virus, antibiotics will not be effective as antibiotics do not work on viruses.A few viral pneumonias may be treated with antiviral medication. Besides antibiotics and antiviral medication, supportive treatment is also given, which includes medication to relieve coughing, fever, chest pains and body aches. For mild cases of viral pneumonia, good bed rest, a balanced diet and plenty of fluids may be all that is necessary. But severe cases of pneumonia may require hospitalisation, intravenous antibiotics or anti-viral medications and oxygen or other supportive therapies. Severe cases of pneumonia can be life threatening. Source: Health Hub SG. Link: https://www.healthhub.sg/a-z/diseases-and-conditions/topic_pneumonia. Field: Lung Disease. Disease: Pneumonia </s>

<s>[INST] What to Do If You Have Signs of Pneumonia [/INST] If you have symptoms of pneumonia: See your family doctor. Early diagnosis and treatment of pneumonia are important. Take the full course of any antibiotic medication that your doctor prescribes. This will help prevent a relapse.Rest at home until you are well. Protect others from the infection by washing your hands frequently with soap and water for 20 seconds and wearing a surgical mask when you feel unwell Sneeze or cough into a tissue. Source: Health Hub SG. Link: https://www.healthhub.sg/a-z/diseases-and-conditions/topic_pneumonia. Field: Lung Disease. Disease: Pneumonia </s>

<s>[INST] How many doses of Prevenar 13® do I need? [/INST] One vaccination is needed for long-term protection against 13 of the most common strains of pneumococcal pneumonia. Source: Boots . Link: https://www.boots.com/editorial-health/pneumonia-faq. Field: Lung Disease. Disease: Pneumonia </s>

<s>[INST] How is the vaccination given? [/INST] The vaccine is administered by injection into the deltoid muscle of the upper arm. Source: Boots . Link: https://www.boots.com/editorial-health/pneumonia-faq. Field: Lung Disease. Disease: Pneumonia </s>

<s>[INST] Can I get a pneumonia vaccination from my GP? [/INST] Some people may be eligible to get a pneumonia vaccination free of charge from their GP. A type of vaccine known as the pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine (PPV23, Pneumovax) is available on the NHS for adults aged 65 and over. It is also available on the NHS for children and adults aged 2 to 64 who have certain medical conditions (such as diabetes, HIV or a serious heart or kidney condition), as they are at higher risk of developing pneumonia. People who are severely immunocompromised (including those with leukaemia, multiple myeloma, genetic disorders affecting the immune system, or those who have had a bone marrow transplant) should usually have both Prevenar 13® and PPV23 on the NHS Source: Boots . Link: https://www.boots.com/editorial-health/pneumonia-faq. Field: Lung Disease. Disease: Pneumonia </s>

<s>[INST] Can I have Prevenar 13® if I have already had a different pneumonia vaccine? [/INST] Yes, you can. A minimum gap between the different vaccines will need to be taken into account and we’ll check this during your consultation. Source: Boots . Link: https://www.boots.com/editorial-health/pneumonia-faq. Field: Lung Disease. Disease: Pneumonia </s>

<s>[INST] Can I have Prevenar 13® at the same time as other vaccinations? [/INST] Prevenar 13® can be given at the same time as most other vaccinations, such as the flu jab, but it’s advisable to leave a gap of at least 7 days either side of a COVID-19 vaccination. Source: Boots . Link: https://www.boots.com/editorial-health/pneumonia-faq. Field: Lung Disease. Disease: Pneumonia </s>

<s>[INST] What is pneumonia? [/INST] It’s an infection that is triggered when germs enter the lungs. When this happens the body’s immune system is triggered to fight the infection and it does this by inflaming the lung’s air sacs (alveoli). When these air sacs start to fill up with liquid and pus as part of the process of fighting the infection, the symptoms of pneumonia start to appear. Source: Harley Street ENT Clinic. Link: https://www.harleystreetent.com/blog/all-you-need-to-know-about-pneumonia. Field: Lung Disease. Disease: Pneumonia </s>

<s>[INST] How do you get pneumonia? [/INST] Whether you have viral or bacterial pneumonia this can be spread from person to person via inhaling airborne droplets that have been coughed or sneezed by another person. Pneumonia can also be contracted via a surface that has been infected with a pneumonia-causing bacteria or virus. The only type of pneumonia that isn’t contagious is fungal pneumonia. Source: Harley Street ENT Clinic. Link: https://www.harleystreetent.com/blog/all-you-need-to-know-about-pneumonia. Field: Lung Disease. Disease: Pneumonia </s>

<s>[INST] What can you expect from pneumonia? [/INST] This will depend on the type of pneumonia and its severity. Walking pneumonia, for example, tends to be very mild and symptoms can include a dry cough, shortness of breath and chest pain. It will feel more like a mild respiratory infection but, despite its mildness, can actually take longer to recover from. Other types of pneumonia can also range from mild to life threatening, which means there is a very wide range of symptoms to look out for. These can include sweating, chills, fatigue, feeling tired, headaches, fever, coughing and nausea. Source: Harley Street ENT Clinic. Link: https://www.harleystreetent.com/blog/all-you-need-to-know-about-pneumonia. Field: Lung Disease. Disease: Pneumonia </s>

<s>[INST] Who is especially at risk with pneumonia? [/INST] We can all get pneumonia as most types of pneumonia are contagious. However, there are some groups of people who have a higher risk of catching it - and having complications. These include the elderly, infants under the age of 2, people who have a weakened immune system due to something like HIV or pregnancy, those who have chronic medical conditions including heart failure, diabetes and sickle cell disease as well as people who have had a brain disorder that might affect the body’s ability to swallow or cough. Source: Harley Street ENT Clinic. Link: https://www.harleystreetent.com/blog/all-you-need-to-know-about-pneumonia. Field: Lung Disease. Disease: Pneumonia </s>

<s>[INST] How is pneumonia treated? [/INST] You’ll get a physical exam, including listening to your lungs for anything abnormal such as crackling. A chest x-ray might be used to identify signs of inflammation in the chest and blood cultures can be done to confirm an infection. There are a range of other tests that your doctor might use, including a bronchoscopy and taking a fluid sample. Treatment will depend on the severity of the pneumonia but can range from over the counter medication to antibiotics and hospitalisation.Pneumonia is generally treatable but if you’re in an at-risk group you should seek medical help quickly. Source: Harley Street ENT Clinic. Link: https://www.harleystreetent.com/blog/all-you-need-to-know-about-pneumonia. Field: Lung Disease. Disease: Pneumonia </s>

<s>[INST] What is pneumonia? [/INST] Pneumonia is a lung infection that can cause inflammation in the air sacs of one or both lungs. The inflammation may be caused by a bacterial, viral, or fungal infection. Pneumonia can be a serious and sometimes life-threatening condition, especially in older adults or people with weakened immune systems. Source: Mid Land Healthcare. Link: https://midlandhealthcare.org/11-most-common-question-around-pneumonia/. Field: Lung Disease. Disease: Pneumonia </s>

<s>[INST] How do you get pneumonia? [/INST] Pneumonia can be caused by a variety of different germs, including bacteria, viruses, and fungi. These germs are often spread through contact with infected people or objects, or by inhaling droplets from an infected person’s cough or sneeze. People with weakened immune systems or underlying health conditions are more susceptible to developing pneumonia. Source: Mid Land Healthcare. Link: https://midlandhealthcare.org/11-most-common-question-around-pneumonia/. Field: Lung Disease. Disease: Pneumonia </s>

<s>[INST] What are the types of pneumonia? [/INST] There are several types of pneumonia, including community-acquired pneumonia, hospital-acquired pneumonia, and aspiration pneumonia. Community-acquired pneumonia is the most common form and is caused by infections outside of healthcare settings. Hospital-acquired pneumonia is contracted during a hospital stay, and aspiration pneumonia occurs when food, liquids, or other substances are inhaled into the lungs. Source: Mid Land Healthcare. Link: https://midlandhealthcare.org/11-most-common-question-around-pneumonia/. Field: Lung Disease. Disease: Pneumonia </s>

<s>[INST] What are the signs and symptoms of pneumonia? [/INST] The symptoms of pneumonia may vary depending on the severity of the infection and the cause of the inflammation. Common symptoms include cough, chest pain, shortness of breath, fever, chills, and fatigue. In older adults, confusion may also be a symptom of pneumonia. Source: Mid Land Healthcare. Link: https://midlandhealthcare.org/11-most-common-question-around-pneumonia/. Field: Lung Disease. Disease: Pneumonia </s>

<s>[INST] Who is at a high risk of getting pneumonia? [/INST] People with weakened immune systems or underlying health conditions, such as COPD or heart disease, are at a higher risk of developing pneumonia. Other risk factors include being a smoker, living in crowded or unsanitary conditions, and exposure to certain chemicals or pollutants. Source: Mid Land Healthcare. Link: https://midlandhealthcare.org/11-most-common-question-around-pneumonia/. Field: Lung Disease. Disease: Pneumonia </s>

<s>[INST] Are people living in cold climate conditions more prone to pneumonia? [/INST] While cold weather itself does not cause pneumonia, it can weaken the immune system and make individuals more susceptible to infections. Additionally, cold and flu season typically occurs during the colder months, which can increase the risk of exposure to germs. Source: Mid Land Healthcare. Link: https://midlandhealthcare.org/11-most-common-question-around-pneumonia/. Field: Lung Disease. Disease: Pneumonia </s>

<s>[INST] Is pneumonia fatal? [/INST] Pneumonia can be fatal, especially in older adults or people with weakened immune systems. However, with early diagnosis and proper treatment, most people with pneumonia recover without complications. Source: Mid Land Healthcare. Link: https://midlandhealthcare.org/11-most-common-question-around-pneumonia/. Field: Lung Disease. Disease: Pneumonia </s>

<s>[INST] What tests will your doctor order to confirm pneumonia? [/INST] To diagnose pneumonia, a doctor may order a chest X-ray, blood tests, or a sputum culture to identify the specific germ causing the infection. Source: Mid Land Healthcare. Link: https://midlandhealthcare.org/11-most-common-question-around-pneumonia/. Field: Lung Disease. Disease: Pneumonia </s>

<s>[INST] How is pneumonia treated? [/INST] Treatment for pneumonia depends on the underlying cause of the infection. Bacterial pneumonia is usually treated with antibiotics, while viral pneumonia may require antiviral medications. Supportive care, such as oxygen therapy and rest, may also be recommended. Source: Mid Land Healthcare. Link: https://midlandhealthcare.org/11-most-common-question-around-pneumonia/. Field: Lung Disease. Disease: Pneumonia </s>

<s>[INST] What is the recovery period of pneumonia? [/INST] The recovery period for pneumonia varies depending on the severity of the infection and the individual’s overall health. In some cases, it may take several weeks to fully recover. Following a doctor’s treatment plan, getting plenty of rest, and staying hydrated can help speed up the recovery process. Source: Mid Land Healthcare. Link: https://midlandhealthcare.org/11-most-common-question-around-pneumonia/. Field: Lung Disease. Disease: Pneumonia </s>

<s>[INST] What can you do to prevent pneumonia? [/INST] To prevent pneumonia, it is important to practice good hygiene, such as washing your hands regularly and avoiding close contact with people who are sick. Quitting smoking, getting vaccinated for pneumonia, and managing underlying health conditions can also help reduce the risk of infection. Additionally, eating a healthy diet, getting enough sleep, and staying physically active can help boost the immune system and reduce the risk of developing pneumonia. Source: Mid Land Healthcare. Link: https://midlandhealthcare.org/11-most-common-question-around-pneumonia/. Field: Lung Disease. Disease: Pneumonia </s>

<s>[INST] What is pneumonia? [/INST] Pneumonia is an infection in your lungs caused by bacteria, viruses or fungi. Pneumonia causes your lung tissue to swell (inflammation) and can cause fluid or pus in your lungs. Bacterial pneumonia is usually more severe than viral pneumonia, which often resolves on its own.Pneumonia can affect one or both lungs. Pneumonia in both of your lungs is called bilateral or double pneumonia. Source: Cleveland Clinic. Link: https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/4471-pneumonia. Field: Lung Disease. Disease: Pneumonia </s>

<s>[INST] What’s the difference between viral and bacterial pneumonia? [/INST] While all pneumonia is inflammation caused by an infection in your lungs, you may have different symptoms depending on whether the root cause is a virus, bacteria or fungi. Bacterial pneumonia tends to be more common and more severe than viral pneumonia. It’s more likely to require a hospital stay. Providers treat bacterial pneumonia with antibiotics. Viral pneumonia causes flu-like symptoms and is more likely to resolve on its own. You usually don’t need specific treatment for viral pneumonia. Source: Cleveland Clinic. Link: https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/4471-pneumonia. Field: Lung Disease. Disease: Pneumonia </s>

<s>[INST] How common is pneumonia? [/INST] Anyone can get pneumonia. It’s a common illness, with millions of people diagnosed each year in the United States. About 55,000 people die each year of pneumonia in the U.S. It’s the most common cause of death in developing countries. Source: Cleveland Clinic. Link: https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/4471-pneumonia. Field: Lung Disease. Disease: Pneumonia </s>

<s>[INST] Is pneumonia contagious? [/INST] Pneumonia itself isn’t actually contagious, but the bacteria and viruses that cause it are. For instance, the flu is contagious and can lead to pneumonia, but most people who get the flu won’t get pneumonia.The bacteria that most commonly causes pneumonia, Streptococcus pneumoniae, can be spread from person to person by touching infected surfaces or through coughing and sneezing.Pneumonia caused by fungi isn’t contagious. Fungal infections aren’t spread from person to person like viruses and bacteria. Source: Cleveland Clinic. Link: https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/4471-pneumonia. Field: Lung Disease. Disease: Pneumonia </s>

<s>[INST] How is pneumonia diagnosed? [/INST] To diagnose pneumonia, a healthcare provider will ask about your health history and conduct a physical exam. They’ll listen to your lungs with a stethoscope and may perform or order additional tests. These include imaging (like chest X-rays), pulse oximetry (checking oxygen levels in your blood), blood tests or sputum (spit) tests.Even if your healthcare provider confirms that you have pneumonia, sometimes, they can’t find the exact cause. Source: Cleveland Clinic. Link: https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/4471-pneumonia. Field: Lung Disease. Disease: Pneumonia </s>

<s>[INST] Can pneumonia go away on its own? [/INST] Viral pneumonia often goes away on its own, but you should always follow your healthcare provider’s recommendations to treat symptoms and reduce your risk of serious complications. Source: Cleveland Clinic. Link: https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/4471-pneumonia. Field: Lung Disease. Disease: Pneumonia </s>

<s>[INST] How do I manage the symptoms of pneumonia? [/INST] Over-the-counter medications and other at-home treatments can help you feel better and manage the symptoms of pneumonia, including: Pain relievers and fever reducers: Your provider may recommend medicines like ibuprofen (Advil®) and acetaminophen (Tylenol®) to help with body aches and fever. Cough suppressants: Check with your healthcare provider before taking cough suppressants for pneumonia. Coughing is important to help clear your lungs. Breathing treatments and exercises: Your provider may prescribe these treatments to help loosen mucus and help you to breathe. Using a humidifier: Your provider may recommend keeping a small humidifier running by your bed or taking a steamy shower or bath to make it easier to breathe. Drinking plenty of fluids. Source: Cleveland Clinic. Link: https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/4471-pneumonia. Field: Lung Disease. Disease: Pneumonia </s>

<s>[INST] How long am I contagious if I have pneumonia? [/INST] If you have bacterial pneumonia, you’re no longer considered contagious when your fever is gone and you’ve been on antibiotics for at least two days. If you have viral pneumonia, you’re still considered contagious until you feel better and have been free of fever for several days. Source: Cleveland Clinic. Link: https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/4471-pneumonia. Field: Lung Disease. Disease: Pneumonia </s>

<s>[INST] What are possible complications of pneumonia? [/INST] Pneumonia can lead to serious complications that can require hospitalization, including: Breathing difficulties. Pneumonia can lead to respiratory failure or acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Fluid around your lungs (pleural effusion). Bacteria in your bloodstream (bacteremia), or sepsis. The bacteria that cause pneumonia can enter your bloodstream, spreading the infection to other organs and leading to sepsis or organ failure. Lung abscess. Pneumonia can lead to pus-filled holes in your lungs. Source: Cleveland Clinic. Link: https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/4471-pneumonia. Field: Lung Disease. Disease: Pneumonia </s>

<s>[INST] When would I need to be hospitalized for pneumonia? [/INST] If you have a severe case of pneumonia or complications, you may need to stay in the hospital for treatment. You’re more likely to be hospitalized for pneumonia if you’re: Under age 2 or over age 65. Have a weakened immune system. Have health conditions that affect your heart and lungs It may take six to eight weeks to feel back to normal if you’ve been hospitalized with pneumonia. Source: Cleveland Clinic. Link: https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/4471-pneumonia. Field: Lung Disease. Disease: Pneumonia </s>

<s>[INST] What can I do to feel better if I have pneumonia? [/INST] You can help yourself feel better while you have pneumonia by: Managing your symptoms as recommended by your healthcare provider. Finishing all medications and therapies prescribed by your provider. Don’t stop taking antibiotics when you start feeling better. Continue taking them until no pills remain. If you don’t take all of your antibiotics, your pneumonia may come back. If your provider has recommended over-the-counter medicines to reduce fever (aspirin, acetaminophen, ibuprofen, naproxen), take them as directed on the label. Never give aspirin to children. Getting lots of rest. If at any time you start to feel worse, call your doctor right away. Source: Cleveland Clinic. Link: https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/4471-pneumonia. Field: Lung Disease. Disease: Pneumonia </s>

<s>[INST] What are some signs that pneumonia is improving? [/INST] As you begin to recover from pneumonia, your temperature will probably return to normal first. After that, you may notice that you’re coughing up less mucus. Feeling like you’re up to returning to some of your normal activities is a good sign that you’re improving. Source: Cleveland Clinic. Link: https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/4471-pneumonia. Field: Lung Disease. Disease: Pneumonia </s>

<s>[INST] When can I return to work, school and regular activities if I have pneumonia? [/INST] You can typically resume your normal activities if your symptoms are gone, mild or improving and you don’t have new or worsening: Shortness of breath or tiredness (less energy). Chest pain. Mucus, fever or cough. If you’re generally healthy, most people feel well enough to return to previous activities in about a week. However, it may take about a month to feel totally back to normal. Source: Cleveland Clinic. Link: https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/4471-pneumonia. Field: Lung Disease. Disease: Pneumonia </s>

<s>[INST] When should I see a healthcare provider? [/INST] Especially if you’ve been sick or have an underlying health condition, call your doctor if you have new or worsening: Shortness of breath. Fever or cough with mucus. Tiredness (fatigue). Have a change in appetite (you feel less hungry). Source: Cleveland Clinic. Link: https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/4471-pneumonia. Field: Lung Disease. Disease: Pneumonia </s>

<s>[INST] When should I go to the emergency room? [/INST] Go to the emergency room or call 911 if you: Struggle to breathe or are short of breath while sitting still. Have new or worsening chest pain. Are confused or can’t think clearly. Source: Cleveland Clinic. Link: https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/4471-pneumonia. Field: Lung Disease. Disease: Pneumonia </s>

<s>[INST] Is it possible to have pneumonia without having a fever? [/INST] Yes, while fever is common in pneumonia, it’s possible to have pneumonia with a low fever or no fever. This is more likely if you: Are older than 65 or younger than 2 (especially newborns and infants). Have a weakened immune system. Source: Cleveland Clinic. Link: https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/4471-pneumonia. Field: Lung Disease. Disease: Pneumonia </s>