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projected-20460707-000

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cercle%20Municipal

Cercle Municipal

Introduction

The Cercle Municipal or Cercle Cité is a building in Luxembourg City, in southern Luxembourg, It is located at the eastern end of the Place d'Armes, in the historic central Ville Haute quarter of the city.

projected-20460707-001

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cercle%20Municipal

Cercle Municipal

History

The Cercle Municipal or Cercle Cité is a building in Luxembourg City, in southern Luxembourg, It is located at the eastern end of the Place d'Armes, in the historic central Ville Haute quarter of the city.

On a site where there had previously been a building intended as a Cercle littéraire but which finally housed a restaurant by the name of Beim Gréitchen, the city decided to construct a grand administrative building. The design competition launched in 1902 was won in 1904 by Pierre and Paul Funck, a father and son team. The administration started to move into the neo-baroque building in 1909 but the official inauguration was in 1910. On the front, above the balcony, is a frieze depicting the granting of the city charter to Luxembourg City in 1244. The building hosted the Court of Justice of the European Coal and Steel Community, which was established in Luxembourg in 1952, until 1969. It was used as the venue of public hearings of the court until a more permanent venue could be found, whilst other work was conducted at the Villa Vauban, in the Municipal Park. Through 2020 and 2021, due to restrictions imposed by the COVID-19 pandemic, the Cercle Municipal became the meeting place of the Chamber of Deputies.

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cercle%20Municipal

Cercle Municipal

Renovation and reopening

The Cercle Municipal or Cercle Cité is a building in Luxembourg City, in southern Luxembourg, It is located at the eastern end of the Place d'Armes, in the historic central Ville Haute quarter of the city.

In 2006, comprehensive renovation and restoration work was carried out on the Cercle in order to transform it into a convention and exhibition centre. The work was completed in April 2011 providing not only enhancements to the Grande Salle and the Foyer but also to the cellar, which can now house exhibitions, and the former loft, now the fifth floor, where four rooms form a new conference centre. It took on the name Cercle-Cité after an adjacent building on the site of the former Ciné Cité was connected to the Cercle by means of a bridge over the Rue Genistre in order to expand the Cercle's facilities.

projected-20460707-003

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cercle%20Municipal

Cercle Municipal

References

The Cercle Municipal or Cercle Cité is a building in Luxembourg City, in southern Luxembourg, It is located at the eastern end of the Place d'Armes, in the historic central Ville Haute quarter of the city.

Category:Buildings and structures in Luxembourg City Category:Baroque Revival architecture Category:European Coal and Steel Community Category:Government buildings completed in 1909 Category:Architecture of Luxembourg Category:Convention centres in Luxembourg

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Langnes

Langnes

Introduction

Langnes may refer to:

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Langnes

Langnes

Antarctica

Langnes may refer to:

Langnes Fjord, a fjord in Antarctica Langnes Peninsula, a peninsula in Antarctica

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Langnes

Langnes

Norway

Langnes may refer to:

Langnes, Troms, a village in Lenvik municipality, Troms county, Norway Langnes, Østfold, a village in Askim municipality, Østfold county, Norway Langnes Airport in the city of Tromsø, also known as Tromsø Airport Langnes Station, a railway station located at Langnes in Askim municipality on the Østfold Line

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Langnes

Langnes

People

Langnes may refer to:

Ole Arvid Langnes, a retired Norwegian football goalkeeper

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Langnes

Langnes

Other

Langnes may refer to:

Battle of Langnes, a battle fought between Norway and Sweden as a part of the Swedish-Norwegian War of 1814

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Langnes

Langnes

See also

Langnes may refer to:

Langness Langenes (disambiguation) Langeness

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Langenes%2C%20Finnmark

Langenes, Finnmark

Introduction

Langenes is a village in Troms og Finnmark, Norway.

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Langenes%2C%20Finnmark

Langenes, Finnmark

References

Langenes is a village in Troms og Finnmark, Norway.

Category:Villages in Finnmark

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Langnes%2C%20Troms

Langnes, Troms

Introduction

Langnes is a village in Senja Municipality in Troms og Finnmark county, Norway. It is located along the lake Rossfjordsvatnet about south of the village of Rossfjordstraumen and about northeast of the town of Finnsnes. The village of Bjorelvnes lies about west of Langnes. The population (2001) of the village is 189.

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Langnes%2C%20Troms

Langnes, Troms

References

Langnes is a village in Senja Municipality in Troms og Finnmark county, Norway. It is located along the lake Rossfjordsvatnet about south of the village of Rossfjordstraumen and about northeast of the town of Finnsnes. The village of Bjorelvnes lies about west of Langnes. The population (2001) of the village is 189.

Category:Senja Category:Villages in Troms Category:Populated places of Arctic Norway

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20Scottish%20Football%20League%20clubs

List of Scottish Football League clubs

Introduction

The Scottish Football League ("SFL") was established in 1890, initially as an amateur league as professionalism had not been legalised in Scottish football. In 1893 a Second Division was formed, with the existing single division renamed the First Division. The Second Division was discontinued during the First World War but revived in 1921. A Third Division was added in 1923 but collapsed three years later as a number of its member clubs found themselves unable to complete their fixtures for financial reasons, with many folding altogether. After the Second World War the divisions were rebranded as Division A and Division B and a Division C was added. This included a mixture of new member clubs and the reserve teams of clubs from the higher divisions, but this division was dropped in 1955. A major re-organisation of the SFL in 1975 led to the existing two divisions being split into three smaller divisions, with a new Premier Division at the highest level. This structure remained in place until 1998, when the teams then in the Premier Division broke away to form the Scottish Premier League, which supplanted the Premier Division as the highest level of football in Scotland. In 2013 the two leagues merged to form the new Scottish Professional Football League, ending the 123-year existence of the SFL. For the whole history of the SFL, there was no mechanism in place for club(s) at the bottom of the league to be relegated. A number of clubs who resigned or were expelled from the SFL went on to play in non-league football, either in senior leagues such as the East of Scotland Football League or in leagues governed by the Scottish Junior Football Association (SJFA). Whenever a club left the league (for example, when Gretna was liquidated in 2008), a new club was elected in its place. This closed-shop system was changed soon after the leagues merged, when a play-off between the bottom-placed SPFL club and the winner of a play-off between the Highland League and Lowland League champions was introduced in 2015. Edinburgh City became the first club to be promoted to the SPFL when they won a playoff against East Stirlingshire in 2016.

projected-17324677-001

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20Scottish%20Football%20League%20clubs

List of Scottish Football League clubs

Clubs

The Scottish Football League ("SFL") was established in 1890, initially as an amateur league as professionalism had not been legalised in Scottish football. In 1893 a Second Division was formed, with the existing single division renamed the First Division. The Second Division was discontinued during the First World War but revived in 1921. A Third Division was added in 1923 but collapsed three years later as a number of its member clubs found themselves unable to complete their fixtures for financial reasons, with many folding altogether. After the Second World War the divisions were rebranded as Division A and Division B and a Division C was added. This included a mixture of new member clubs and the reserve teams of clubs from the higher divisions, but this division was dropped in 1955. A major re-organisation of the SFL in 1975 led to the existing two divisions being split into three smaller divisions, with a new Premier Division at the highest level. This structure remained in place until 1998, when the teams then in the Premier Division broke away to form the Scottish Premier League, which supplanted the Premier Division as the highest level of football in Scotland. In 2013 the two leagues merged to form the new Scottish Professional Football League, ending the 123-year existence of the SFL. For the whole history of the SFL, there was no mechanism in place for club(s) at the bottom of the league to be relegated. A number of clubs who resigned or were expelled from the SFL went on to play in non-league football, either in senior leagues such as the East of Scotland Football League or in leagues governed by the Scottish Junior Football Association (SJFA). Whenever a club left the league (for example, when Gretna was liquidated in 2008), a new club was elected in its place. This closed-shop system was changed soon after the leagues merged, when a play-off between the bottom-placed SPFL club and the winner of a play-off between the Highland League and Lowland League champions was introduced in 2015. Edinburgh City became the first club to be promoted to the SPFL when they won a playoff against East Stirlingshire in 2016.

The tables show the first and last seasons in which each club competed in the league. Some clubs' membership was intermittent between their first and last seasons. Clubs shown in bold were among the founder members of the league. Where a former club has become defunct, any phoenix club formed as a successor side is noted.

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20Scottish%20Football%20League%20clubs

List of Scottish Football League clubs

See also

The Scottish Football League ("SFL") was established in 1890, initially as an amateur league as professionalism had not been legalised in Scottish football. In 1893 a Second Division was formed, with the existing single division renamed the First Division. The Second Division was discontinued during the First World War but revived in 1921. A Third Division was added in 1923 but collapsed three years later as a number of its member clubs found themselves unable to complete their fixtures for financial reasons, with many folding altogether. After the Second World War the divisions were rebranded as Division A and Division B and a Division C was added. This included a mixture of new member clubs and the reserve teams of clubs from the higher divisions, but this division was dropped in 1955. A major re-organisation of the SFL in 1975 led to the existing two divisions being split into three smaller divisions, with a new Premier Division at the highest level. This structure remained in place until 1998, when the teams then in the Premier Division broke away to form the Scottish Premier League, which supplanted the Premier Division as the highest level of football in Scotland. In 2013 the two leagues merged to form the new Scottish Professional Football League, ending the 123-year existence of the SFL. For the whole history of the SFL, there was no mechanism in place for club(s) at the bottom of the league to be relegated. A number of clubs who resigned or were expelled from the SFL went on to play in non-league football, either in senior leagues such as the East of Scotland Football League or in leagues governed by the Scottish Junior Football Association (SJFA). Whenever a club left the league (for example, when Gretna was liquidated in 2008), a new club was elected in its place. This closed-shop system was changed soon after the leagues merged, when a play-off between the bottom-placed SPFL club and the winner of a play-off between the Highland League and Lowland League champions was introduced in 2015. Edinburgh City became the first club to be promoted to the SPFL when they won a playoff against East Stirlingshire in 2016.

List of Scottish Professional Football League clubs Timeline of Scottish football

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20Scottish%20Football%20League%20clubs

List of Scottish Football League clubs

References

The Scottish Football League ("SFL") was established in 1890, initially as an amateur league as professionalism had not been legalised in Scottish football. In 1893 a Second Division was formed, with the existing single division renamed the First Division. The Second Division was discontinued during the First World War but revived in 1921. A Third Division was added in 1923 but collapsed three years later as a number of its member clubs found themselves unable to complete their fixtures for financial reasons, with many folding altogether. After the Second World War the divisions were rebranded as Division A and Division B and a Division C was added. This included a mixture of new member clubs and the reserve teams of clubs from the higher divisions, but this division was dropped in 1955. A major re-organisation of the SFL in 1975 led to the existing two divisions being split into three smaller divisions, with a new Premier Division at the highest level. This structure remained in place until 1998, when the teams then in the Premier Division broke away to form the Scottish Premier League, which supplanted the Premier Division as the highest level of football in Scotland. In 2013 the two leagues merged to form the new Scottish Professional Football League, ending the 123-year existence of the SFL. For the whole history of the SFL, there was no mechanism in place for club(s) at the bottom of the league to be relegated. A number of clubs who resigned or were expelled from the SFL went on to play in non-league football, either in senior leagues such as the East of Scotland Football League or in leagues governed by the Scottish Junior Football Association (SJFA). Whenever a club left the league (for example, when Gretna was liquidated in 2008), a new club was elected in its place. This closed-shop system was changed soon after the leagues merged, when a play-off between the bottom-placed SPFL club and the winner of a play-off between the Highland League and Lowland League champions was introduced in 2015. Edinburgh City became the first club to be promoted to the SPFL when they won a playoff against East Stirlingshire in 2016.

Former Scottish Scottish former Clubs

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Houstonia%20longifolia

Houstonia longifolia

Introduction

Houstonia longifolia, commonly known as long-leaved bluet or longleaf summer bluet, is a perennial plant in the family Rubiaceae. It can be found throughout most of the Eastern United States and Canada. It has been reported from every state east of the Mississippi River except Delaware, plus North Dakota, Minnesota, Missouri, Arkansas and Oklahoma, with isolated populations in Kansas and Texas. Also, all Canadian provinces from Quebec to Alberta. It prefers upland woods in poor, dry, often sandy soil.

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Houstonia%20longifolia

Houstonia longifolia

Description

Houstonia longifolia, commonly known as long-leaved bluet or longleaf summer bluet, is a perennial plant in the family Rubiaceae. It can be found throughout most of the Eastern United States and Canada. It has been reported from every state east of the Mississippi River except Delaware, plus North Dakota, Minnesota, Missouri, Arkansas and Oklahoma, with isolated populations in Kansas and Texas. Also, all Canadian provinces from Quebec to Alberta. It prefers upland woods in poor, dry, often sandy soil.

It has upright stalks of or sometimes taller, rising from a basal rosette of leaves. The stalks are slender and branching, with small white flowers with 4 petals. The basal rosette of leaves withers away before the flowers bloom, and opposite leaves appear at intervals along the stems. Flowers bloom for about a month in late spring and summer. It prefers full or partial shade and dry or mesic conditions.

projected-17324689-002

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Houstonia%20longifolia

Houstonia longifolia

Varieties

Houstonia longifolia, commonly known as long-leaved bluet or longleaf summer bluet, is a perennial plant in the family Rubiaceae. It can be found throughout most of the Eastern United States and Canada. It has been reported from every state east of the Mississippi River except Delaware, plus North Dakota, Minnesota, Missouri, Arkansas and Oklahoma, with isolated populations in Kansas and Texas. Also, all Canadian provinces from Quebec to Alberta. It prefers upland woods in poor, dry, often sandy soil.

Two varieties are recognized: Houstonia longifolia var. longifolia - From Georgia and Arkansas north to Canada Houstonia longifolia var. tenuifolia (Nutt.) Alph.Wood. - Florida, Georgia, Tennessee, Virginia

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Committee%20for%20Culture%2C%20Arts%20and%20Leisure

Committee for Culture, Arts and Leisure

Introduction

The Committee for Culture, Arts and Leisure was established to advise and assist the Minister for Culture, Arts and Leisure, on matters within his responsibility as a minister. The committee undertook a scrutiny, policy development and consultation role with respect to the Department of Culture, Arts and Leisure and played a key role in the consideration and development of legislation. The committee was abolished in 2016 because the Department of Culture, Arts and Leisure was closed and its mandate was transferred to other departments.

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Committee%20for%20Culture%2C%20Arts%20and%20Leisure

Committee for Culture, Arts and Leisure

Membership

The Committee for Culture, Arts and Leisure was established to advise and assist the Minister for Culture, Arts and Leisure, on matters within his responsibility as a minister. The committee undertook a scrutiny, policy development and consultation role with respect to the Department of Culture, Arts and Leisure and played a key role in the consideration and development of legislation. The committee was abolished in 2016 because the Department of Culture, Arts and Leisure was closed and its mandate was transferred to other departments.

Membership before DCAL's closure:

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Committee%20for%20Culture%2C%20Arts%20and%20Leisure

Committee for Culture, Arts and Leisure

See also

The Committee for Culture, Arts and Leisure was established to advise and assist the Minister for Culture, Arts and Leisure, on matters within his responsibility as a minister. The committee undertook a scrutiny, policy development and consultation role with respect to the Department of Culture, Arts and Leisure and played a key role in the consideration and development of legislation. The committee was abolished in 2016 because the Department of Culture, Arts and Leisure was closed and its mandate was transferred to other departments.

Department of Culture, Arts and Leisure

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/No%20W

No W

Introduction

"No W" is a single by industrial metal band Ministry. The song was the first single from their 2004 album, Houses of the Molé.

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/No%20W

No W

Versions

"No W" is a single by industrial metal band Ministry. The song was the first single from their 2004 album, Houses of the Molé.

Another version of this song appears on later versions of the album. This "redux" version is 2:55 in length, and has all of the samples from Carl Orff's "Carmina Burana" removed. This version of the song is featured on the video games Need for Speed: Underground 2 and Tony Hawk's Underground 2; though the version featured in the latter retains the George W. Bush speech at the beginning, the former does not. The Redux version also features a guitar solo toward the end which the other does not.

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/No%20W

No W

Music video

"No W" is a single by industrial metal band Ministry. The song was the first single from their 2004 album, Houses of the Molé.

The music video features an actor dancing while wearing a crude George W. Bush mask, while Ministry play in a desert with a choir chanting "O Fortuna" in the background.

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/No%20W

No W

Personnel

"No W" is a single by industrial metal band Ministry. The song was the first single from their 2004 album, Houses of the Molé.

Ministry Al Jourgensen – vocals, rhythm guitar, bass, programming Mike Scaccia – lead guitar Additional musicians Rey Washam – drums Category:2004 singles Category:Ministry (band) songs Category:2004 songs Category:Songs written by Al Jourgensen Category:Cultural depictions of George W. Bush

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lomita%20Park%2C%20California

Lomita Park, California

Introduction

Lomita Park, California was a small unincorporated community adjacent to San Bruno in San Mateo County, just west of the San Francisco International Airport. It was roughly bounded by San Felipe Avenue, El Camino Real, San Juan Avenue, and the Southern Pacific railroad tracks. The Southern Pacific acquired the original San Francisco to San Jose railroad, which was built in the 1860s. Southern Pacific operated both passenger and freight trains along the route. An interurban railroad ran parallel to the Southern Pacific, from San Francisco to San Mateo. Lomita Park's school children used the interurban trains to go to high school, first at San Mateo High School (from 1902 to 1923) and then at Burlingame High School (from 1923 to 1950). The completion of Capuchino High School in September 1950 enabled Lomita Park children to walk to school. In 1912, El Camino Real was paved through San Bruno and Lomita Park. This was the first paved state highway in California. Originally a two-lane highway, El Camino Real was widened to four lanes in the late 1920s. It was part of the original routing of U.S. Route 101; in the early 1960s, it was designated State Route 82. El Camino Real is now mostly a six-lane highway, running from South San Francisco to San Jose. In 1927, a post office was established in the community with the name "Belmae Park," combining the names of Belle Mae Miggis the first post office lady.]." The name was changed to Lomita Park in 1933. The post office closed in 1957, but postal offices have continued in San Bruno and Millbrae. In 1953, San Bruno annexed the community. Lomita Park had its own Southern Pacific train station and some community services. The community still is identified as the "Lomita Park district" of San Bruno. The Lomita Park Elementary School is just south of the San Bruno city limits and is part of the Millbrae School District. Lomita Park has an elevation of 25 feet. Its location is: Latitude: 373700N, Longitude: 1222412W; Decimal Degrees: Latitude: 37.61667, Longitude: -122.40333.

projected-17324704-001

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lomita%20Park%2C%20California

Lomita Park, California

References

Lomita Park, California was a small unincorporated community adjacent to San Bruno in San Mateo County, just west of the San Francisco International Airport. It was roughly bounded by San Felipe Avenue, El Camino Real, San Juan Avenue, and the Southern Pacific railroad tracks. The Southern Pacific acquired the original San Francisco to San Jose railroad, which was built in the 1860s. Southern Pacific operated both passenger and freight trains along the route. An interurban railroad ran parallel to the Southern Pacific, from San Francisco to San Mateo. Lomita Park's school children used the interurban trains to go to high school, first at San Mateo High School (from 1902 to 1923) and then at Burlingame High School (from 1923 to 1950). The completion of Capuchino High School in September 1950 enabled Lomita Park children to walk to school. In 1912, El Camino Real was paved through San Bruno and Lomita Park. This was the first paved state highway in California. Originally a two-lane highway, El Camino Real was widened to four lanes in the late 1920s. It was part of the original routing of U.S. Route 101; in the early 1960s, it was designated State Route 82. El Camino Real is now mostly a six-lane highway, running from South San Francisco to San Jose. In 1927, a post office was established in the community with the name "Belmae Park," combining the names of Belle Mae Miggis the first post office lady.]." The name was changed to Lomita Park in 1933. The post office closed in 1957, but postal offices have continued in San Bruno and Millbrae. In 1953, San Bruno annexed the community. Lomita Park had its own Southern Pacific train station and some community services. The community still is identified as the "Lomita Park district" of San Bruno. The Lomita Park Elementary School is just south of the San Bruno city limits and is part of the Millbrae School District. Lomita Park has an elevation of 25 feet. Its location is: Latitude: 373700N, Longitude: 1222412W; Decimal Degrees: Latitude: 37.61667, Longitude: -122.40333.

Category:History of the San Francisco Bay Area Category:Unincorporated communities in San Mateo County, California Category:San Bruno, California Category:Unincorporated communities in California

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malverde%20%28musician%29

Malverde (musician)

Introduction

Malverde is an American hip-hop artist. He got his name from Jesús Malverde, the popular Robin Hood character of Mexican folklore.

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malverde%20%28musician%29

Malverde (musician)

Biography

Malverde is an American hip-hop artist. He got his name from Jesús Malverde, the popular Robin Hood character of Mexican folklore.

A son of Mexican farm laborers, this Coachella, California native has dedicated himself to study and poetry, first writing lyrics referring to the legendary Jesus Malverde, and then developing raps around street life and culture. Malverde released his first album, Mi Palabra (My Word) in May 2004. In 2007 Malverde received even greater acknowledgement from the music community with hit "Vato," a collaboration with Snoop Dogg, and his album La Leyenda Continua, a release from Universal Music Group and Machete Music. Malverde was signed on as an MTV Tr3s artist where he exposed his fans to the single 'Este Camino.' He attended the University of California Riverside where he joined La Union Estudiantil de la Raza (UER). UER is a Latino organization focused on community service and academics.

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malverde%20%28musician%29

Malverde (musician)

References

Malverde is an American hip-hop artist. He got his name from Jesús Malverde, the popular Robin Hood character of Mexican folklore.

Category:American male rappers Category:American musicians of Mexican descent Category:Hispanic and Latino American musicians Category:People from Coachella, California Category:Living people Category:21st-century American rappers Category:21st-century American male musicians Category:Year of birth missing (living people)

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20people%20from%20Sylhet

List of people from Sylhet

Introduction

This is a list of notable residents and people who have origins in the Sylhet Division of Bangladesh and the Barak Valley of the Indian state of Assam. This list also includes British Bangladeshis, Bangladeshi Americans, Bangladeshi Canadians, and other non-resident Bengalis who have origins in Greater Sylhet. The people may also be known as Sylheti.

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20people%20from%20Sylhet

List of people from Sylhet

Activism and cause célèbres

This is a list of notable residents and people who have origins in the Sylhet Division of Bangladesh and the Barak Valley of the Indian state of Assam. This list also includes British Bangladeshis, Bangladeshi Americans, Bangladeshi Canadians, and other non-resident Bengalis who have origins in Greater Sylhet. The people may also be known as Sylheti.

Abdul Muktadir, academician martyred in the Bangladesh Liberation War Altab Ali, factory garment worker murdered by three teenagers in a racially motived attack on 4 May 1978. Anudvaipayan Bhattacharya, university lecturer martyred in the Bangladesh Liberation War Dia Chakravarty, political activist, singer, former political director of the TaxPayers' Alliance and editor of The Daily Telegraph. Gurusaday Dutt, founder of the Bratachari movement Jagat Joity Das, Mukti Bahini member killed in the Bangladesh Liberation War Kakon Bibi, freedom fighter and secret agent in the Bangladesh Liberation War Kamala Bhattacharya, student martyred in the Bengali Language Movement of the Barak Valley Leela Roy, reformer and politician Rawshan Ara Bachchu, woman rights activist and part of the Bengali language movement Rubel Ahmed, died in Morton Hall immigration detention centre under controverted circumstances. Sachindra Chandra Pal, student martyred in the Bengali Language Movement of the Barak Valley Shamsuddin Ahmed, medical doctor martyred in the Bangladesh Liberation War Sushil Sen, martyred in the Indian independence movement Suhasini Das, social worker and activist Syeda Shahar Banu, woman rights activist and part of the Bengali language movement Zobeda Khanom Chowdhury, woman rights activist and part of the Bengali language movement

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20people%20from%20Sylhet

List of people from Sylhet

Art and design

This is a list of notable residents and people who have origins in the Sylhet Division of Bangladesh and the Barak Valley of the Indian state of Assam. This list also includes British Bangladeshis, Bangladeshi Americans, Bangladeshi Canadians, and other non-resident Bengalis who have origins in Greater Sylhet. The people may also be known as Sylheti.

Dhruba Esh, cover artist and writer Jalal Ahmad, president of the Institute of Architects Bangladesh, vice-president of the Commonwealth Association of Architects Saiman Miah, architectural and graphic designer, designed one of the two £5 commemorative coins for the 2012 Summer Olympics.

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20people%20from%20Sylhet

List of people from Sylhet

Business and industry

This is a list of notable residents and people who have origins in the Sylhet Division of Bangladesh and the Barak Valley of the Indian state of Assam. This list also includes British Bangladeshis, Bangladeshi Americans, Bangladeshi Canadians, and other non-resident Bengalis who have origins in Greater Sylhet. The people may also be known as Sylheti.

Abdul Latif, British restaurateur known for his dish "Curry Hell". Ayub Ali Master, founder of the Shah Jalal Restaurant in London which became a hub for the British Asian community. Bajloor Rashid MBE, businessman and former president of the Bangladesh Caterers Association UK. Enam Ali, founder of the British Curry Awards, Spice Business Magazine and Ion TV Fazle Hasan Abed KCMG – founder of the world's largest non-governmental organisation, BRAC Foysol Choudhury MBE – Businessman, community activist and Chairman of Edinburgh and Lothians Regional Equality Council. Iqbal Ahmed OBE – Entrepreneur and CEO of Seamark Group. In 2006, he became the highest British Bangladeshi to feature on the Sunday Times Rich List (listed at number 511). James Leo Ferguson, tea industrialist and chairman of the Lakshmiprasad Union Mahee Ferdous Jalil, founder of Channel S, owner of Prestige Auto Group and TV presenter. Mamun Chowdhury – Businessman, and founder and co-director of London Tradition. In 2014, the company was awarded a Queen's Award for Enterprise for International Trade in recognition of its increase in sales. Muquim Ahmed - Entrepreneur who became the first Bangladeshi millionaire at the age of 26 due to diversification in banking, travel, a chain of restaurants with the Cafe Naz group, publishing and property development. Ragib Ali – Industrialist, pioneer tea-planter, educationalist, philanthropist and banker Shah Abdul Majid Qureshi, first Sylheti to open a restaurant in the United Kingdom Shelim Hussain - Founder of Euro Foods (UK) Syed Ahmed - Candidate on BBC reality television programme The Apprentice Syed Qudratullah Sattar, founder of Moulvibazar Mohammad Ajman "Tommy" Miah MBE – Celebrity chef and restaurateur. In 1991, he founded the Indian Chef of the Year Competition. Wali Tasar Uddin MBE – Entrepreneur, restaurateur, community leader and Chairman of the Bangladesh-British Chamber of Commerce.

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20people%20from%20Sylhet

List of people from Sylhet

Education and sciences

This is a list of notable residents and people who have origins in the Sylhet Division of Bangladesh and the Barak Valley of the Indian state of Assam. This list also includes British Bangladeshis, Bangladeshi Americans, Bangladeshi Canadians, and other non-resident Bengalis who have origins in Greater Sylhet. The people may also be known as Sylheti.

Aminul Hoque MBE, lecturer at Goldsmiths, University of London, writer Govinda Chandra Dev, Professor of Philosophy at the University of Dhaka assassinated at the onset of the Bangladesh Liberation War by the Pakistan Army. K M Baharul Islam, Dean of the Indian Institute of Management Kashipur Mamun al-Mahtab, hepatologist M. A. Rashid, first Vice-chancellor of Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology Mohammad Ataul Karim, Provost and Executive Vice Chancellor of the University of Massachusetts Dartmouth Muhammed Zafar Iqbal, physicist, writer and columnist Najma Chowdhury, founder of the Women and Gender Studies department in the University of Dhaka, adviser to Caretaker Government of Bangladesh Nurul Islam Nahid, former Education Minister of Bangladesh Nurunnahar Fatema Begum, head of paediatric cardiology at the Combined Military Hospital (Dhaka) Padmanath Bhattacharya Vidya Vinod, professor at Cotton University Parvez Haris, biomedical science professor at De Montfort University Ragib Ali, founder of Leading University, Jalalabad Ragib-Rabeya Medical College and the University of Asia Pacific Sadruddin Ahmed Chowdhury, physicist and vice-chancellor of Shahjalal University of Science and Technology and Sylhet International University Sasanka Chandra Bhattacharyya, natural product chemist and director of Bose Institute, Kolkata Shafi Ahmed, surgeon and entrepreneur Sudhansu Datta Majumdar, physicist and faculty member of the Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur Sundari Mohan Das, founder principal of Calcutta National Medical College Syed Manzoorul Islam, critic, writer, former professor of Dhaka University

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20people%20from%20Sylhet

List of people from Sylhet

National Professors of Bangladesh

This is a list of notable residents and people who have origins in the Sylhet Division of Bangladesh and the Barak Valley of the Indian state of Assam. This list also includes British Bangladeshis, Bangladeshi Americans, Bangladeshi Canadians, and other non-resident Bengalis who have origins in Greater Sylhet. The people may also be known as Sylheti.

Abdul Malik, Brigadier (rtd.), founder of National Heart Foundation Dewan Mohammad Azraf, teacher, author, politician Jamilur Reza Choudhury, vice-chancellor of University of Asia Pacific, adviser to Caretaker Government of Bangladesh Rangalal Sen, academician and writer Shahla Khatun, obstetrician and gynecologist

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20people%20from%20Sylhet

List of people from Sylhet

Economists

This is a list of notable residents and people who have origins in the Sylhet Division of Bangladesh and the Barak Valley of the Indian state of Assam. This list also includes British Bangladeshis, Bangladeshi Americans, Bangladeshi Canadians, and other non-resident Bengalis who have origins in Greater Sylhet. The people may also be known as Sylheti.

Abul Maal Abdul Muhith, former Finance Minister of Bangladesh B. B. Bhattacharya, professor and Director of the Institute of Economic Growth in Delhi Mohammed Farashuddin, 7th Governor of Bangladesh Bank, founder of East West University Mrinal Datta Chaudhuri, theoretical economist, academic and professor of the Delhi School of Economics Saifur Rahman, longest serving Finance Minister of Bangladesh and a leader of BNP Shah A M S Kibria, economist, diplomat and former executive secretary of the United Nations' ESCAP Shegufta Bakht Chaudhuri, 4th Governor of Bangladesh Bank

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20people%20from%20Sylhet

List of people from Sylhet

Entertainment

This is a list of notable residents and people who have origins in the Sylhet Division of Bangladesh and the Barak Valley of the Indian state of Assam. This list also includes British Bangladeshis, Bangladeshi Americans, Bangladeshi Canadians, and other non-resident Bengalis who have origins in Greater Sylhet. The people may also be known as Sylheti.

Adnan Faruque, actor, presenter, model and YouTuber Afshan Azad, actress best known for the role of Padma Patil in Harry Potter Ali Shahalom, comedian and television presenter Azim, actor best known for the role of Rahim Badshah in Rupban Bibhash Chakraborty, theatre personality and actor Helal Khan, film actor and producer Islah Abdur-Rahman, film director, actor and screenwriter Khaled Choudhury, theatre personality and artist Khalil Ullah Khan, film and TV actor Marjana Chowdhury, a Beauty pageant residing in the United States Nadiya Hussain, columnist, chef, author and TV personality best known for winning the baking competition The Great British Bake Off Niranjan Pal, playwright, director and founding member of Bombay Talkies Raihan Rafi, film director and screenwriter Ruhul Amin, film director Salman Shah, film actor Shefali Chowdhury, actress best known for the role of Parvati Patil in Harry Potter

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20people%20from%20Sylhet

List of people from Sylhet

Families

This is a list of notable residents and people who have origins in the Sylhet Division of Bangladesh and the Barak Valley of the Indian state of Assam. This list also includes British Bangladeshis, Bangladeshi Americans, Bangladeshi Canadians, and other non-resident Bengalis who have origins in Greater Sylhet. The people may also be known as Sylheti.

Abaqati family, Uttar Pradeshi family who had jagirs in Sylhet Maulvi family of Jitu Miah, Sheikhghat, Sylhet town Mazumdars of Sylhet, Nawabs and Qanungoh of Barshala/Gorduar/Mazumdari, Sylhet Pal family, a former ruling family of Panchakhanda, Beanibazar Nawabs of Prithimpassa, founded by Sakhi Salamat Isfahani Sareqaum, custodians of Shah Jalal's dargah complex, founded by Haji Yusuf Zamindars of Kanihati, founded by Shah Jalal's companion, Shah Halim ad-Din

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20people%20from%20Sylhet

List of people from Sylhet

Journalism

This is a list of notable residents and people who have origins in the Sylhet Division of Bangladesh and the Barak Valley of the Indian state of Assam. This list also includes British Bangladeshis, Bangladeshi Americans, Bangladeshi Canadians, and other non-resident Bengalis who have origins in Greater Sylhet. The people may also be known as Sylheti.

Altaf Husain, 1st editor-in-chief of Pakistan's oldest, leading and most widely read English-language newspaper, Dawn and former Industry Minister of Pakistan Hasina Momtaz, former press officer for the Mayor of London Hassan Shahriar, journalist Lenin Gani, senior member of the Bangladesh Sports Journalists Association Rizwan Hussain, TV presenter, philanthropist, humanitarian aid worker, barrister and former CEO of Global Aid Trust Rizwana Hasan, attorney, Hero of the Environment and winner of the Goldman Environmental Prize and Ramon Magsaysay Award Salah Choudhury, editor of Weekly Blitz Shamim Chowdhury, TV and print journalist for Al Jazeera English Sirajul Hossain Khan, editor of Pakistan Times and the Eastern News Agency. Syed Mohammad Ali, founder of The Daily Star - the largest circulating daily English-language newspaper in Bangladesh. Syed Nahas Pasha, journalist and editor of Janomot and Curry Life Tharik Hussain, journalist and broadcaster. His documentary America's Mosques won an award for the World's Best Religious Program at the NYFF Radio Programs Awards.

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20people%20from%20Sylhet

List of people from Sylhet

Legal

This is a list of notable residents and people who have origins in the Sylhet Division of Bangladesh and the Barak Valley of the Indian state of Assam. This list also includes British Bangladeshis, Bangladeshi Americans, Bangladeshi Canadians, and other non-resident Bengalis who have origins in Greater Sylhet. The people may also be known as Sylheti.

Abdul Moshabbir, lawyer and politician Knight Bachelor Akhlaq Choudhury, first Muslim at the British High Court of Justice Irene Khan, seventh Secretary General of Amnesty International, Director-General of the International Development Law Organization Khatun Sapnara, judge and first non-white to be elected to the Family Law Bar Association Committee. In 2006, she was appointed as a Recorder of the Crown, which made her the only person of Bangladeshi origin in a senior judicial position. Shohid Ali, advocate

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List of people from Sylhet

Literature

This is a list of notable residents and people who have origins in the Sylhet Division of Bangladesh and the Barak Valley of the Indian state of Assam. This list also includes British Bangladeshis, Bangladeshi Americans, Bangladeshi Canadians, and other non-resident Bengalis who have origins in Greater Sylhet. The people may also be known as Sylheti.

Abdur Rouf Choudhury, writer Abed Chaudhury, Bangladeshi-Australian geneticist and science writer Achyut Charan Choudhury, writer and historian Arjumand Ali, first Bengali Muslim novelist Arun Kumar Chanda, freedom fighter, social worker, writer and editor of the Saptak Asaddor Ali, writer and researcher of Sylheti folk literature Ashraf Hussain, poet, writer, researcher of folk literature Chowdhury Gulam Akbar, writer and collector of Bengali folk literature for the Bangla Academy Dilwar Khan, poet known as Gonomanusher Kobi (Poet of the mass people) Dwijen Sharma, naturalist and science writer Gurusaday Dutt, folklorist Hason Raja, minstrel and writer of mystical songs Ibrahim Ali Tashna, poet, Islamic scholar and activist Ismail Alam, Urdu poet and activist Mufti Nurunnessa Khatun, writer, academic, and botanist Muhammad Mojlum Khan, non-fiction writer best known for The Muslim 100 Muhammad Nurul Haque, cultural activist, social worker and writer Sadeq Ali, writer, poet and judge best known for the Halat-un-Nabi puthi Shahida Rahman, author and publisher Syed Mujtaba Ali, author, journalist, travel enthusiast, academician, scholar and linguist. Syed Murtaza Ali, writer and historian Syed Pir Badshah, Persian-language writer Syed Rayhan ad-Din, celebrated Persian-language writer Syed Shah Israil, considered to be Sylhet's first author Syed Sultan, wrote the first Prophetic biography in Bengali in 16th century

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20people%20from%20Sylhet

List of people from Sylhet

Military

This is a list of notable residents and people who have origins in the Sylhet Division of Bangladesh and the Barak Valley of the Indian state of Assam. This list also includes British Bangladeshis, Bangladeshi Americans, Bangladeshi Canadians, and other non-resident Bengalis who have origins in Greater Sylhet. The people may also be known as Sylheti.

Anwarul Momen, general officer commanding 17th Infantry Division Ashab Uddin, major general and ambassador to Kuwait and Yemen Hasan Mashhud Chowdhury, 11th Chief of Army Staff of the Bangladesh Army Ismail Faruque Chowdhury, engineer-in-chief of the Bangladesh Army Bangabir M. A. G. Osmani, Supreme Commander of the Mukti Bahini Mahbub Ali Khan, Bangladesh Navy rear admiral and the Chief of Naval Staff Mahmudur Rahman Majumdar, Bangladesh Army brigadier, formerly the most senior ethnic Bengali in the Pakistan Army Mohammad Abdur Rab, 1st Chief of Army Staff of the Bangladesh Army, Major general during the Bangladesh Liberation War Muhammad Ghulam Tawab, Bangladesh's second Chief of Air Staff Nurul Huq, second temporary chief of Bangladesh Navy Prince Garuda of Gour, fought against the Muslims during the Conquest of Sylhet Syed Mohammad Ziaul Haque, Bangladesh Army officer and fugitive Syed Nasiruddin – Sipah Salar of Shamsuddin Firoz Shah

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20people%20from%20Sylhet

List of people from Sylhet

Monarchs and rulers

This is a list of notable residents and people who have origins in the Sylhet Division of Bangladesh and the Barak Valley of the Indian state of Assam. This list also includes British Bangladeshis, Bangladeshi Americans, Bangladeshi Canadians, and other non-resident Bengalis who have origins in Greater Sylhet. The people may also be known as Sylheti.

Chronological list of articles: Gangadhwaj Govardhan, 20th king of the Gour Kingdom Madan Rai, penultimate minister of Gour Amar Singh, military general and short-lasted minister of Brahmachal under Govardhan Jaidev Rai, governor of Brahmachal (southern Sylhet) under Tripura Kingdom Gour Govinda, final king of the Gour Kingdom, defeated in the Conquest of Sylhet Mona Rai, final minister of Gour Sikandar Khan Ghazi, first wazir of Srihat Haydar Ghazi, second wazir of Srihat Muqabil Khan, wazir of Srihat in 1440 Khurshid Khan, minister of Srihat, constructed numerous mosques Majlis Alam, dastur of Srihat, constructed numerous mosques Sarwar Khan, Nawab of Sylhet after Gawhar Khan Mir Khan, Nawab and Qanungoh of Sylhet Bayazid of Sylhet, Baro-Bhuyan Afghan chieftain who ruled over North Sylhet Muhammad Sani, Manipur migrant Khwaja Usman, Baro-Bhuyan Afghan chieftain who ruled over South Sylhet Mubariz Khan, Mughal sardar of Sylhet, fought against many Baro-Bhuiyan chieftains Mukarram Khan, Mughal sardar of Sylhet who would later become Subahdar of Bengal Mirak Bahadur Jalair, Mughal sardar of Sylhet Sulayman Banarsi, Mughal co-sardar of Sylhet, governed over southern parts of Sylhet Lutfullah Shirazi, Mughal faujdar of Sylhet from 1658 to 1665 Isfandiyar Khan, Mughal faujdar of Sylhet Syed Ibrahim Khan, Mughal faujdar of Sylhet Jan Muhammad Khan, Mughal faujdar of Sylhet Mahafata Khan, Mughal faujdar of Sylhet Farhad Khan, most well-known Mughal faujdar of Sylhet Sadeq Khan, Mughal faujdar of Sylhet Inayetullah Khan, Mughal faujdar of Sylhet and founder of Inatganj Rafiullah Khan, Mughal faujdar of Sylhet Ahmad Majid, Mughal faujdar of Sylhet Abdullah Shirazi, Mughal faujdar of Sylhet and mosque builder Robert Lindsay, 4th superintendent and 1st collector of Sylhet from 1778 to 1790 Ganar Khan, last faujdar of Sylhet

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20people%20from%20Sylhet

List of people from Sylhet

Music and dance

This is a list of notable residents and people who have origins in the Sylhet Division of Bangladesh and the Barak Valley of the Indian state of Assam. This list also includes British Bangladeshis, Bangladeshi Americans, Bangladeshi Canadians, and other non-resident Bengalis who have origins in Greater Sylhet. The people may also be known as Sylheti.

Alaur Rahman, singer and music teacher Amina Khayyam, dancer and choreographer Bidit Lal Das, folk singer and composer Debojit Saha, playback singer Gouri Choudhury, music teacher Kalika Prasad Bhattacharya, folk singer Mumzy Stranger, singer, producer and lyricist Radharaman Dutta, lyricist and composer of folk and traditional dhamail Ramkanai Das, classical and folk musician Rowshanara Moni, singer and actress Runa Laila, playback singer Sanjeeb Chowdhury, singer and journalist Shah Abdul Karim, minstrel and folk songwriter Shapla Salique, singer and harmonium player Shushama Das, folk musician Shuvro Dev, playback singer Subir Nandi, playback singer Bonna Talukder, playback singer

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20people%20from%20Sylhet

List of people from Sylhet

Bangladesh

This is a list of notable residents and people who have origins in the Sylhet Division of Bangladesh and the Barak Valley of the Indian state of Assam. This list also includes British Bangladeshis, Bangladeshi Americans, Bangladeshi Canadians, and other non-resident Bengalis who have origins in Greater Sylhet. The people may also be known as Sylheti.

Abdus Shahid, former chief whip for Bangladesh Awami League Ariful Haque Choudhury, Mayor of Sylhet Badar Uddin Ahmed Kamran, former Mayor of Sylhet C. M. Shafi Sami, former Bangladeshi diplomat Hafiz Ahmed Mazumder, chairman of Bangladesh Red Crescent Society, Pubali Bank Board of Directors and founder of Scholarshome Humayun Rashid Choudhury, former speaker of the Jatiya Sangsad, 41st President of the UN General Assembly Ilias Ali, Organizing Secretary of the Bangladesh National Party Mifta Uddin Chowdhury Rumi, vice-president of Bangladesh Nationalist Party-Sunamganj Shafiqur Rahman, Amir of Bangladesh Jamaat-e-Islami Syed Muazzem Ali, foreign service officer, high commissioner and career diplomat

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20people%20from%20Sylhet

List of people from Sylhet

Chief Justices

This is a list of notable residents and people who have origins in the Sylhet Division of Bangladesh and the Barak Valley of the Indian state of Assam. This list also includes British Bangladeshis, Bangladeshi Americans, Bangladeshi Canadians, and other non-resident Bengalis who have origins in Greater Sylhet. The people may also be known as Sylheti.

J. R. Mudassir Husain, 14th Chief Justice of Bangladesh Mahmudul Amin Choudhury, 11th Chief Justice of Bangladesh Surendra Kumar Sinha, 21st Chief Justice of Bangladesh Syed A. B. Mahmud Hossain, 2nd Chief Justice of Bangladesh

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20people%20from%20Sylhet

List of people from Sylhet

Local

This is a list of notable residents and people who have origins in the Sylhet Division of Bangladesh and the Barak Valley of the Indian state of Assam. This list also includes British Bangladeshis, Bangladeshi Americans, Bangladeshi Canadians, and other non-resident Bengalis who have origins in Greater Sylhet. The people may also be known as Sylheti.

Abdul Hakeem Chowdhury, East Pakistan Provincial council and National Assembly Abdul Majid Khan, former MP for Habiganj-2 Abdul Matin, former MP for Moulvibazar-2 Abdul Munim Chowdhury, former MP for Habiganj-1 Abdul Muqit Khan, former MP for Sylhet-3 Abdul Jabbar, former MP for the erstwhile Sylhet-13 constituency Abdul Qahir Chowdhury, former MP for Sylhet-5 Abdur Raees, East Pakistan Provincial council and National Assembly Abdur Rahim, former MP for Sylhet-6 Abu Lais Md. Mubin Chowdhury, former MP for Habiganj-3 Abu Zahir, former MP for Habiganj-3 Abul Hasnat Md. Abdul Hai, former member of the Jatiya Sangsad AKM Gouach Uddin, former MP for Sylhet-6 Ameena Begum Shafiq, doctor and Jamaat-e-Islami politician Barun Roy, former MP for Sunamganj-1 Dewan Farid Gazi, former leader of Habiganj-1 Dildar Hossain Selim, former MP for Sylhet-4 Enamul Haque Chowdhury, former MP for Sylhet-2 Fatema Chowdhury Paru, BNP politician Gazi Mohammad Shahnawaz, MP for Habiganj-1 Harris Chowdhury, former MP for Sylhet-5 Ismat Ahmed Chowdhury, MP for Habiganj-1 Joya Sengupta, politician and doctor Khalilur Rahman Chowdhury, MP for Habiganj-1 Khandaker Abdul Malik, former MP for Sylhet-1 Lutfur Rahman, former MP for Sylhet-6 Mahmud Us Samad Chowdhury, former MP for Sylhet-3 Mahbub Ali, former MP for Habiganj-4 Maqsood Ebne Aziz Lama, former MP for Sylhet-2 MM Shahin, former MP for Moulvibazar-2 Moazzem Hossain Ratan, former MP for Sunamganj-1 Mokabbir Khan, MP for Sylhet-2 Mohibur Rahman Manik, former MP for Sunamganj-5 Mostafa Ali, member of the Bangladesh Constituent Assembly and former Governor of Habiganj Najmul Hasan Zahed, former MP for Habiganj-2 Naser Rahman, former MP for Moulvibazar-3 and chairman of the Saifur Rahman Foundation Nawab Ali Abbas Khan, Jatiya Party politician and three-time MP for Moulvibazar-2 Nazim Kamran Choudhury, former MP Pir Fazlur Rahman, former MP for Sunamganj-4 Salim Uddin, former MP for Sylhet-5 Shafi Ahmed Chowdhury, former MP for Sylhet-3 Shah Azizur Rahman, former MP for Sylhet-2 Sharaf Uddin Khashru, former MP for Sylhet-6 Sheikh Sujat Mia, former MP for Habiganj-1 Sultan Mohammad Mansur Ahmed, member of Jatiya Sangsad and previously vice-president of Dhaka University Central Students' Union Syed Mahibul Hasan, former MP for Sylhet-16 Syed Makbul Hossain, former MP for Sylhet-6 Syeda Saira Mohsin, former MP for Moulvibazar-3 Yahya Chowdhury, former MP for Sylhet-2

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20people%20from%20Sylhet

List of people from Sylhet

Ministers

This is a list of notable residents and people who have origins in the Sylhet Division of Bangladesh and the Barak Valley of the Indian state of Assam. This list also includes British Bangladeshis, Bangladeshi Americans, Bangladeshi Canadians, and other non-resident Bengalis who have origins in Greater Sylhet. The people may also be known as Sylheti.

Abdul Haque, former Land Administration and Reforms Minister Abdul Mannan, Minister of Planning Abdus Samad Azad, former Foreign Minister of Bangladesh AK Abdul Momen, Minister of Foreign Affairs Enamul Haque Mostafa Shahid, former Minister of Social Welfare Imran Ahmad, Minister of Expatriates' Welfare and Overseas Employment Mukhlesur Rahman Chowdhury, former Adviser to President Iajuddin Ahmed Shamsher M. Chowdhury, Bangladeshi diplomat and former secretary of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs Shahab Uddin, Minister of Environment, Forest and Climate Change Suranjit Sengupta, former Minister of Railways Syed Mohsin Ali, former Minister of Social Welfare Tawfiq-e-Elahi Chowdhury, energy adviser to the Prime Minister of Bangladesh Rasheda K Chowdhury, primary and mass education adviser to the Caretaker Government led by Fakhruddin Ahmed

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20people%20from%20Sylhet

List of people from Sylhet

British India

This is a list of notable residents and people who have origins in the Sylhet Division of Bangladesh and the Barak Valley of the Indian state of Assam. This list also includes British Bangladeshis, Bangladeshi Americans, Bangladeshi Canadians, and other non-resident Bengalis who have origins in Greater Sylhet. The people may also be known as Sylheti.

Abdul Matlib Mazumdar, freedom fighter and political leader known for retaining the Barak Valley in India Bipin Chandra Pal, Indian nationalist, one third of the Lal Bal Pal triumvirate Nawab Ali Haider Khan, 9th Nawab of Longla, minister and leader of the Independent Muslim Party Syed Abdul Majid CIE, first native minister of Assam, pioneer of the agricultural industry

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20people%20from%20Sylhet

List of people from Sylhet

Pakistan

This is a list of notable residents and people who have origins in the Sylhet Division of Bangladesh and the Barak Valley of the Indian state of Assam. This list also includes British Bangladeshis, Bangladeshi Americans, Bangladeshi Canadians, and other non-resident Bengalis who have origins in Greater Sylhet. The people may also be known as Sylheti.

Abdul Hamid, Education Minister of Assam and later East Bengal Abdul Hoque, politician, lawyer and freedom fighter Moulvi Abdus Salam, Revenue Minister of East Bengal Abdul Khaleque Ahmed, member of the 3rd National Assembly of Pakistan Abdul Matin Chaudhary, member of the 1st National Assembly of Pakistan and Pakistan's first Minister of Agriculture Abdul Muntaquim Chaudhury, member of the 3rd National Assembly of Pakistan Aftab Ali, founder of All-India Seamen's Federation and vice-president of All-India Trade Union Congress Ajmal Ali, member of the 4th National Assembly of Pakistan Akhay Kumar Das, member of the 1st National Assembly of Pakistan Basanta Kumar Das, member of the 2nd National Assembly of Pakistan Begum Serajunnessa Choudhury, member of the 3rd National Assembly of Pakistan Mahmud Ali, Freedom Movement leader, statesman Mohammad Keramat Ali, entrepreneur, philanthropist and politician Mushahid Ahmad Bayampuri, member of the 3rd National Assembly of Pakistan Ibrahim Ali Tashna, poet, Islamic scholar and activist Muazzam Ahmed Choudhury, member of the 4th National Assembly of Pakistan Muhammad Amin, member of the 3rd National Assembly of Pakistan Murtaza Raza Choudhry, member of the 1st National Assembly of Pakistan Saiful Alom, member of the East Bengal Legislative Assembly Qamarul Ahsan, member of the 3rd National Assembly of Pakistan

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20people%20from%20Sylhet

List of people from Sylhet

India

This is a list of notable residents and people who have origins in the Sylhet Division of Bangladesh and the Barak Valley of the Indian state of Assam. This list also includes British Bangladeshis, Bangladeshi Americans, Bangladeshi Canadians, and other non-resident Bengalis who have origins in Greater Sylhet. The people may also be known as Sylheti.

Abdul Munim Choudhury, former MLA of Karimganj South A. F. Golam Osmani, Indian National Congress member Amar Chand Jain, Bharatiya Janata Party politician Anwar Hussain Laskar, All India United Democratic Front politician Ashab Uddin, member of the Manipur Legislative Assembly Ataur Rahman Mazarbhuiya, All India United Democratic Front politician Azad Zaman, member of the Meghalaya Legislative Assembly Aziz Ahmed Khan, former MLA of Karimganj South Bijoy Malakar, MLA of Ratabari Chittendra Nath Mazumder, Bharatiya Janata Party politician Dilip Kumar Paul, Bharatiya Janata Party politician Dwarka Nath Das, Bharatiya Janata Party politician Hazi Salim Uddin Barbhuiya, MLA of Hailakandi Kabindra Purkayastha, senior leader of Bharatiya Janata Party in Assam Kali Ranjan Deb, Bharatiya Janata Party politician Kamalakhya Dey Purkayastha, former MLA of Karimganj North Karnendu Bhattacharjee, Indian National Congress member Kartik Sena Sinha, Bharatiya Janata Party politician Kripanath Mallah, Bharatiya Janata Party politician Krishnendu Paul, MLA of Patharkandi Lalit Mohan Suklabaidya, Indian National Congress member Madhusudhan Tiwari, former MLA of Patharkandi (1991-1996) Mission Ranjan Das, Bharatiya Janata Party politician Moinul Hoque Choudhury, five-time MLA, two-time UN General Assembly representative and Minister of Industrial Development Nepal Chandra Das, Indian National Congress member Nihar Ranjan Laskar, Indian National Congress member Parimal Suklabaidya, Bharatiya Janata Party politician Radheshyam Biswas, All India United Democratic Front politician Rajdeep Roy, Bharatiya Janata Party politician Ramapayare Rabidas, Bharatiya Janata Party politician Rashida Haque Choudhury, former Minister of State of Social Welfare Sambhu Sing Mallah, Bharatiya Janata Party politician Santosh Mohan Dev, former cabinet minister of the Government of India and 7-time Member of Parliament from Silchar, Assam and Tripura South. Satyabrata Mookherjee, former Minister of State Shukhendu Shekhar Dutta, former MLA of Patharkandi Siddique Ahmed, MLA of Karimganj South Subodh Das, MP for Panisagar Surendra Kumar Dey, first Union Cabinet minister for Cooperation and Panchayati raj Sushmita Dev, President of the All India Mahila Congress Suzam Uddin Laskar, All India United Democratic Front politician Tathagata Roy, controversial right-wing Hindutva associate

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20people%20from%20Sylhet

List of people from Sylhet

West

This is a list of notable residents and people who have origins in the Sylhet Division of Bangladesh and the Barak Valley of the Indian state of Assam. This list also includes British Bangladeshis, Bangladeshi Americans, Bangladeshi Canadians, and other non-resident Bengalis who have origins in Greater Sylhet. The people may also be known as Sylheti.

Anwar Choudhury, The British High Commissioner for Bangladesh between 2004 and 2008. He is currently the Director of International Institutions at the Foreign & Commonwealth Office. Apsana Begum, first Hijabi to be elected as an MP for the British parliament Doly Begum, Canadian politician Gaus Khan, president of the United Kingdom Awami League Hansen Clarke, former congressman of MI 13 Lutfur Rahman, the first directly elected mayor of Tower Hamlets and the first Bangladeshi leader of the council. Nadia Shah, former Mayor of Camden. The first female mayor in the United Kingdom of Bangladeshi origin. Nasim Ali OBE, former Mayor of Camden. He became UK's youngest mayor as well as the first Bangladeshi and first Muslim mayor. Rabina Khan, councillor for Shadwell and former Housing Cabinet member in Tower Hamlets Rushanara Ali, first Bangladeshi to be elected as an MP for the British parliament

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20people%20from%20Sylhet

List of people from Sylhet

Islam

This is a list of notable residents and people who have origins in the Sylhet Division of Bangladesh and the Barak Valley of the Indian state of Assam. This list also includes British Bangladeshis, Bangladeshi Americans, Bangladeshi Canadians, and other non-resident Bengalis who have origins in Greater Sylhet. The people may also be known as Sylheti.

Abdul Latif Chowdhury Fultali, Islamic scholar and founder of the Fultali movement Abdul Momin Imambari, former president of Jamiat Ulema-e-Islam Bangladesh Shaikh-e-Fulbari Abdul Matin Chowdhury, a religious scholar and political activist Abu Hena Saiful Islam, US Navy's imam Ajmal Masroor, imam, TV presenter and politician Ali Sher Bengali, 16th-century Sufi saint of the Shattari order Athar Ali, Deobandi scholar, author and founder of the Nizam-e-Islam party Farid Uddin Chowdhury, former MP for Sylhet-5 Ibrahim Ali Tashna, Islamic scholar, poet and activist Ibrahim Danishmand, zamindar and Sufi scholar Muhammad Arshad, 16th-century Persian-language scholar Mushahid Ahmad Bayampuri, Islamic scholar and parliamentarian Najib Ali Choudhury, founder of the Madinatul Uloom Bagbari, the first madrasa in the Greater Sylhet region Nur Uddin Gohorpuri, chairman of Befaqul Madarisil Arabia Bangladesh Nurul Islam Olipuri, mufassir and teacher Obaidul Haque Wazirpuri, former president of Befaqul Madarisil Arabia Bangladesh Tafazzul Haque Habiganji, former vice-president of Hefazat-e-Islam and Jamiat Ulema-e-Islam Ubaidul Haq, former khatib of Baitul Mukarram Zia Uddin, president of Jamiat Ulema-e-Islam Bangladesh Zohurul Hoque, doctor and translator of the Qur'an

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20people%20from%20Sylhet

List of people from Sylhet

Shah Jalal's disciples

This is a list of notable residents and people who have origins in the Sylhet Division of Bangladesh and the Barak Valley of the Indian state of Assam. This list also includes British Bangladeshis, Bangladeshi Americans, Bangladeshi Canadians, and other non-resident Bengalis who have origins in Greater Sylhet. The people may also be known as Sylheti.

Shah Jalal, Sufi saint associated with spreading Islam to Sylhet Ghazi Burhanuddin, considered to be Sylhet's first Muslim Haji Muhammad Yusuf, first custodian of Shah Jalal's dargah Adam Khaki, associated with spreading Islam to Badarpur Aziz Chishti, companion of Shah Jalal Khanda Jhokmok, companion of Shah Jalal Shah Gabru, associated with spreading Islam to Osmani Nagar Shah Halim ad-Din Narnauli, associated with spreading Islam to Kanihati Shah Kamal Quhafa, late disciple of Shah Jalal Shah Malum, associated with spreading Islam to Fenchuganj Shah Mustafa, associated with spreading Islam to Moulvibazar Shah Paran, early disciple and nephew of Shah Jalal Shah Ruknuddin, associated with spreading Islam to Rajnagar Shah Siddiq, associated with spreading Islam to Osmanpur Shah Tajuddin, associated with spreading Islam to Tajpur Syed Yaqub, associated with spreading Islam to Barlekha

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20people%20from%20Sylhet

List of people from Sylhet

Other

This is a list of notable residents and people who have origins in the Sylhet Division of Bangladesh and the Barak Valley of the Indian state of Assam. This list also includes British Bangladeshis, Bangladeshi Americans, Bangladeshi Canadians, and other non-resident Bengalis who have origins in Greater Sylhet. The people may also be known as Sylheti.

Agha Muhammad Reza - Claimed to be the Mahdi and twelfth imam, engaged in battles against the East India Company and Kachari Kingdom Krishna Chaitanya - Hindu mystic Shantidas Adhikari, associated with spreading Hinduism to Manipur

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20people%20from%20Sylhet

List of people from Sylhet

Cricket

This is a list of notable residents and people who have origins in the Sylhet Division of Bangladesh and the Barak Valley of the Indian state of Assam. This list also includes British Bangladeshis, Bangladeshi Americans, Bangladeshi Canadians, and other non-resident Bengalis who have origins in Greater Sylhet. The people may also be known as Sylheti.

Abu Jayed Rahi, cricketer Abul Hasan, cricketer A. K. M. Mahmood, cricketer Ahmed Sadequr, cricketer for Sylhet Division Alok Kapali, Bangladesh Ardhendu Das, cricketer for Bengal (1934-1942) Ebadot Hossain, cricketer for Bangladesh Enamul Haque Jr, Bangladesh Hasibul Hossain, cricketer for Sylhet Division Henry Plowden, cricketer Imtiaz Hossain, cricketer Nasirul Alam, cricketer for Sylhet Division Nasum Ahmed, cricketer for Bangladesh Nazmul Hossain, Bangladesh Punya Datta, cricketer for Bengal and Cambridge University Rahatul Ferdous, cricketer Rajin Saleh, cricketer for Bangladesh Rezaul Haque, cricketer for Sylhet Division Sayem Alam, cricketer for Sylhet Division Shahanur Rahman, cricketer for Sylhet Division Shanaj Ahmed, cricketer for Sylhet Division Tapash Baisya, cricketer for Bangladesh

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20people%20from%20Sylhet

List of people from Sylhet

Football

This is a list of notable residents and people who have origins in the Sylhet Division of Bangladesh and the Barak Valley of the Indian state of Assam. This list also includes British Bangladeshis, Bangladeshi Americans, Bangladeshi Canadians, and other non-resident Bengalis who have origins in Greater Sylhet. The people may also be known as Sylheti.

Alfaz Ahmed, former footballer for Bangladesh Hamza Choudhury, midfielder for English football club Leicester City F.C. Kaiser Hamid, former footballer for Mohammedan SC Mahbubur Rahman Sufil, footballer and captain of Arambagh KS Yeamin Ahmed Chowdhury Munna, footballer for Chittagong Abahani

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20people%20from%20Sylhet

List of people from Sylhet

Other

This is a list of notable residents and people who have origins in the Sylhet Division of Bangladesh and the Barak Valley of the Indian state of Assam. This list also includes British Bangladeshis, Bangladeshi Americans, Bangladeshi Canadians, and other non-resident Bengalis who have origins in Greater Sylhet. The people may also be known as Sylheti.

Abdul Ali Jacko, two-time world lightweight kick-boxing champion Bulbul Hussain, wheelchair rugby player for Kent Crusaders and the Great Britain Paralympic team Rani Hamid, chess master, awarded the FIDE Woman International Master (WIM) title in 1985 Ramnath Biswas, soldier and writer best known for circumnavigating the globe by bicycle. Ruqsana Begum – 2010 female atomweight Muay Thai kickboxing champion and nominated captain of the British Muay Thai Team.

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20people%20from%20Sylhet

List of people from Sylhet

India

This is a list of notable residents and people who have origins in the Sylhet Division of Bangladesh and the Barak Valley of the Indian state of Assam. This list also includes British Bangladeshis, Bangladeshi Americans, Bangladeshi Canadians, and other non-resident Bengalis who have origins in Greater Sylhet. The people may also be known as Sylheti.

Pritam Das, cricketer Ketaki Prasad Dutta, former president of the District Sports Association, Karimganj

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20people%20from%20Sylhet

List of people from Sylhet

Fictional characters

This is a list of notable residents and people who have origins in the Sylhet Division of Bangladesh and the Barak Valley of the Indian state of Assam. This list also includes British Bangladeshis, Bangladeshi Americans, Bangladeshi Canadians, and other non-resident Bengalis who have origins in Greater Sylhet. The people may also be known as Sylheti.

Ameera Khatun (played by Manjinder Virk in Call the Midwife) Avell (played by Sayfuz Ali in Badman) Ayub Mohammed (played by Shahnewaz Jake in Call the Midwife) Faizal's mother (played by Nina Wadia in Corner Shop Show) Faruk Khatun (played by Abhisek Singh in Call the Midwife) Farzina Mohammed (played by Salma Hoque in Call the Midwife) Jahangeer Bruiser (played by Sayfuz Ali in Corner Shop Show) Malik Begum, the main protagonist of the British web series Corner Shop Show played by Islah Abdur-Rahman Rahul Mohammed (played by Ahaan Gupta in Call the Midwife) Saleem Akbar Chowdhury Shamsul Haque (played by Ali Shahalom in Corner Shop Show) Samad Miah (played by Ameet Chana in Corner Shop Show) Zaki (played by Islah Abdur-Rahman in Man Like Mobeen)

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20people%20from%20Sylhet

List of people from Sylhet

References

This is a list of notable residents and people who have origins in the Sylhet Division of Bangladesh and the Barak Valley of the Indian state of Assam. This list also includes British Bangladeshis, Bangladeshi Americans, Bangladeshi Canadians, and other non-resident Bengalis who have origins in Greater Sylhet. The people may also be known as Sylheti.

Category:Lists of Bangladeshi people Category:Lists of people by ethnicity Category:Bengal Category:Lists of Bangladeshi people by district

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Troy%20Tate

Troy Tate

Introduction

Troy Tate is an English musician and record producer who was a member of several bands including The Teardrop Explodes and Fashion as well as working as a solo artist, for which he is best known for the single "Love Is ..."

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Troy%20Tate

Troy Tate

Biography

Troy Tate is an English musician and record producer who was a member of several bands including The Teardrop Explodes and Fashion as well as working as a solo artist, for which he is best known for the single "Love Is ..."

Born in Liverpool, England, Tate's first band was the Cheltenham-based punk rock band Index, who released one single, "Jet Lag" c/w "Total Bland" in 1978. He moved on to join former members of The Rezillos in the band Shake, recording two singles with this band. In 1981, he first recorded as a solo artist, releasing the "Thomas" single on the RCA label Why-Fi. He joined The Teardrop Explodes in late 1980, replacing Alan Gill on guitar, and playing on the Wilder album. While with the band, he continued his solo career, releasing "Lifeline" in 1982. He left The Teardrop Explodes, and joined Fashion in October 1982, leaving in 1983 when he signed to Rough Trade Records, for whom he debuted that year with "Love Is ...". Tate moved on to Sire Records in 1984, who issued a remixed version of "Thomas", which was followed by his debut solo album, Ticket to the Dark the same year. The album featured contributions from former-Rezillos and Shake drummer Ali Paterson, former-Teardrop Explodes member David Balfe, Nicky Holland, Virginia Astley and Rolo McGinty of The Woodentops, and was described by Trouser Press as "an exceptionally good record". A second album, Liberty, followed in 1985, which proved to be Tate's swansong.

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Troy%20Tate

Troy Tate

The Smiths - The Troy Tate Sessions

Troy Tate is an English musician and record producer who was a member of several bands including The Teardrop Explodes and Fashion as well as working as a solo artist, for which he is best known for the single "Love Is ..."

When The Smiths (also on Rough Trade) were looking for a producer for their debut album, Tate was chosen; although after the album was recorded, the band decided to reject these recordings and re-record the album with producer John Porter. The original version of the album is widely known as The Troy Tate Sessions and has only been released on bootlegs. "Jeane" from these sessions was released as the B-side of the "This Charming Man" single, and the version of "Pretty Girls Make Graves" was the B-side to "Last Night I Dreamt That Somebody Loved Me". Tate's version of "Reel Around the Fountain" had been scheduled for release as a single in 1983, a disc of which was included in a collectors edition of Complete in 2011.

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Troy%20Tate

Troy Tate

Albums

Troy Tate is an English musician and record producer who was a member of several bands including The Teardrop Explodes and Fashion as well as working as a solo artist, for which he is best known for the single "Love Is ..."

Ticket to the Dark (1984) Sire Liberty (1985) Sire

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Troy%20Tate

Troy Tate

Singles

Troy Tate is an English musician and record producer who was a member of several bands including The Teardrop Explodes and Fashion as well as working as a solo artist, for which he is best known for the single "Love Is ..."

"Thomas" (1981) Why-Fi "Lifeline" (1982) Why-Fi "Love Is ..." (1983) Rough Trade "Thomas" (1984) Sire "Sorrow" (1985) Sire

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Five%20Mysteries%20Program

The Five Mysteries Program

Introduction

The Five Mysteries Program is an audience participation radio series broadcast on the Mutual Broadcasting System August 10, 1947 – March 27, 1950. In 1947-48 it aired on Sundays at 2 p.m. Such mysteries were produced and syndicated (1945-48) to individual local radio stations as a "barter-trade" program to sell advertising to local merchants or trade the advertising announcements for goods, services or premiums, such as prizes awarded to listeners in radio station contests or promotions. To facilitate personalizing the shows to individual stations and insert the local ads, the producers put musical interludes in the shows with enough time for a local announcer to introduce the episode, present the advertiser's message and wrap things up with other local information. Each 30-minute episode featured five mini-mysteries dramatized with actors, organ music and sound effects. Solutions to each mystery were then suggested by a panel of listeners and studio guests. The panelists sometimes shared a common background; for example, on the April 14, 1949 program, the amateur sleuths were gas industry officials. Cast members included Jackson Beck, Staats Cotsworth, Michael Fitzmaurice, Timmy Hyler, Abby Lewis, Frank Lovejoy and Ian MacAllister. Organist Rosa Rio provided the music. While the premise was simple, the mysteries were well written, requiring some thought to come up with the right answer. Similar to the Ellery Queen's Minute Mysteries, one listened to the story, evaluated the clues, and at the conclusion, matched wits with the sleuths to correctly identify the suspect. It was one of the few interactive radio shows.

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Five%20Mysteries%20Program

The Five Mysteries Program

References

The Five Mysteries Program is an audience participation radio series broadcast on the Mutual Broadcasting System August 10, 1947 – March 27, 1950. In 1947-48 it aired on Sundays at 2 p.m. Such mysteries were produced and syndicated (1945-48) to individual local radio stations as a "barter-trade" program to sell advertising to local merchants or trade the advertising announcements for goods, services or premiums, such as prizes awarded to listeners in radio station contests or promotions. To facilitate personalizing the shows to individual stations and insert the local ads, the producers put musical interludes in the shows with enough time for a local announcer to introduce the episode, present the advertiser's message and wrap things up with other local information. Each 30-minute episode featured five mini-mysteries dramatized with actors, organ music and sound effects. Solutions to each mystery were then suggested by a panel of listeners and studio guests. The panelists sometimes shared a common background; for example, on the April 14, 1949 program, the amateur sleuths were gas industry officials. Cast members included Jackson Beck, Staats Cotsworth, Michael Fitzmaurice, Timmy Hyler, Abby Lewis, Frank Lovejoy and Ian MacAllister. Organist Rosa Rio provided the music. While the premise was simple, the mysteries were well written, requiring some thought to come up with the right answer. Similar to the Ellery Queen's Minute Mysteries, one listened to the story, evaluated the clues, and at the conclusion, matched wits with the sleuths to correctly identify the suspect. It was one of the few interactive radio shows.

Category:American game shows Category:1940s American radio programs Category:American radio dramas Category:1940s American game shows Category:1950s American game shows Category:Mutual Broadcasting System programs

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/10%3A10%20%28film%29

10:10 (film)

Introduction

10:10 () is a 2008 Bengali comedy film directed by Arin Paul. It features Soumitra Chatterjee, Kanchan Mullick, Claudia Ciesla, Subrata Dutta, Aparajita Ghosh Das and Abir Chatterjee.

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/10%3A10%20%28film%29

10:10 (film)

Production

10:10 () is a 2008 Bengali comedy film directed by Arin Paul. It features Soumitra Chatterjee, Kanchan Mullick, Claudia Ciesla, Subrata Dutta, Aparajita Ghosh Das and Abir Chatterjee.

The movie was released on 28 November 2008. 10:10 is a comedy set in Calcutta. 10:10 is also the debut film of its director (Arin Paul), lead actors (Chirasree Singha Roy & Ahmed), cinematographer (Basab Mullik), music director (Drono Acharya), editor (Aravinda Dasgupta) and a few others.

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/10%3A10%20%28film%29

10:10 (film)

Plot

10:10 () is a 2008 Bengali comedy film directed by Arin Paul. It features Soumitra Chatterjee, Kanchan Mullick, Claudia Ciesla, Subrata Dutta, Aparajita Ghosh Das and Abir Chatterjee.

Durgaprasad an aged don wants to be a more successful don and would like to be in the league of Dawood Ibrahim who he considers to be his idol. To keep him company at all times he has two sidekicks in the form of Montu Singh and Jhantu Singh and Montu of the very shrill voice and loves to play with toy guns. Durgarasad's daughter Ranjita is in love with Aparatim a struggling actor. Ranjita has a couple of friends who are journalists and wants to do a story about the underworld and the underworld dons of the city. One of the friends asks Ranjita to help her write a story on Durgaprasad as he lives in Ranjita's lane. Meanwhile, Durgaprasad's outgoing calls are barred and he sends Montu with 50,000 rupees, the outstanding amount to the shop to clear his bills so that he can again start receiving calls. Montu pays the amount, but misplaces Durgaprasad's number by a single digit and so the entire number is credited to the amount account of Apratim. Durgaprasad is furious that his phone is still not working and likes Montu and goes to the shop to find out exactly what happened. He learns that his number is misplaced and the amount has been credited to Apratim though he is unaware of his real identity. His men threaten Apratim and tells him to repay the money or otherwise they will finish him. Ranjita tells her friends about her father's real identity. Her friends decide to take the help of the rival don Muktadhara to face Durgaprasad. Durgaprasad decides to finish off Apratim the next day, but he has an unpleasant dream at night and he wakes up the next day at 10:10, the time at which he was supposed to bump off Apratim and turns a new leaf.

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/10%3A10%20%28film%29

10:10 (film)

Cast

10:10 () is a 2008 Bengali comedy film directed by Arin Paul. It features Soumitra Chatterjee, Kanchan Mullick, Claudia Ciesla, Subrata Dutta, Aparajita Ghosh Das and Abir Chatterjee.

Soumitra Chatterjee as Durgaprasad Subrat Dutta as Aparatim Aparajita Ghosh Das as Ranjita Claudia Ciesla as Serin Kanchan Mullick as Montu Abir Chatterjee as Abhishek Parambrata Chatterjee - Guest appearance

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/10%3A10%20%28film%29

10:10 (film)

Soundtrack

10:10 () is a 2008 Bengali comedy film directed by Arin Paul. It features Soumitra Chatterjee, Kanchan Mullick, Claudia Ciesla, Subrata Dutta, Aparajita Ghosh Das and Abir Chatterjee.

Drono Acharya composed the film's songs and Ritam Sen, Sandip Chakrabarty, Padmanabha Dasgupta, Rana Basu Thakur and Rangeet wrote the lyrics.

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roy%20Heinrich

Roy Heinrich

Introduction

Roy Heinrich, born Elroy Paul Heinrich, Jr., July 31, 1953, is a country music singer and songwriter born in Houston, Texas. Heinrich began singing Country music in Los Angeles in 1989. After moving to Austin, Texas in the fall of 1992, Heinrich has established himself as Roots/Honky Tonk Country Music artist. He has participated in Austin's South by Southwest music festivals for several years.

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roy%20Heinrich

Roy Heinrich

Albums

Roy Heinrich, born Elroy Paul Heinrich, Jr., July 31, 1953, is a country music singer and songwriter born in Houston, Texas. Heinrich began singing Country music in Los Angeles in 1989. After moving to Austin, Texas in the fall of 1992, Heinrich has established himself as Roots/Honky Tonk Country Music artist. He has participated in Austin's South by Southwest music festivals for several years.

After All This Time, 1993 CD Listen To Your Heart, 1996 CD Smokey Night in a Bar, 1999 CD Playin' Favorites, 2002 CD All Night All Day, 2008 CD

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxspring%20railway%20station

Oxspring railway station

Introduction

Oxspring railway station was a short lived station built by the Sheffield, Ashton-under-Lyne and Manchester Railway to serve the village of Oxspring, South Yorkshire, England. The station opened on 5 December 1845 but due to cost-cutting measures it was closed, along with Dog Lane, Hazelhead and Thurgoland, on 5 November 1847.

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxspring%20railway%20station

Oxspring railway station

References

Oxspring railway station was a short lived station built by the Sheffield, Ashton-under-Lyne and Manchester Railway to serve the village of Oxspring, South Yorkshire, England. The station opened on 5 December 1845 but due to cost-cutting measures it was closed, along with Dog Lane, Hazelhead and Thurgoland, on 5 November 1847.

Dow, George. "Geat Central Volume 1" (The Progenitors, 1813 - 1865) "A Railway Chronology of the Sheffield Area", Edited by Richard V. Proctor, Sheffield City Libraries, 1975. Category:Disused railway stations in Barnsley Category:Woodhead Line Category:Railway stations in Great Britain opened in 1845 Category:Railway stations in Great Britain closed in 1847

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samuel%20Kamakau

Samuel Kamakau

Introduction

Samuel Mānaiakalani Kamakau (October 29, 1815 – September 5, 1876) was a Hawaiian historian and scholar. His work appeared in local newspapers and was later compiled into books, becoming an invaluable resource on the Hawaiian people, Hawaiian culture, and Hawaiian language while they were disappearing. Along with David Malo and John Papa ʻĪʻī, Kamakau is considered one of Hawaii's greatest historians, and his contributions to the preservation of Hawaiian history have been honored throughout the State of Hawaii.

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samuel%20Kamakau

Samuel Kamakau

Life

Samuel Mānaiakalani Kamakau (October 29, 1815 – September 5, 1876) was a Hawaiian historian and scholar. His work appeared in local newspapers and was later compiled into books, becoming an invaluable resource on the Hawaiian people, Hawaiian culture, and Hawaiian language while they were disappearing. Along with David Malo and John Papa ʻĪʻī, Kamakau is considered one of Hawaii's greatest historians, and his contributions to the preservation of Hawaiian history have been honored throughout the State of Hawaii.

Kamakau was born in Mokulēia, Waialua on the North Shore of the island of Oahu. He traveled to the island of Maui and enrolled at Lahainaluna Seminary in 1833, where he became a student of Reverend Sheldon Dibble. Dibble instructed Kamakau and other students to collect and preserve information on the Hawaiian culture, language, and people. To further this goal, Kamakau helped form the first Hawaiian historical society in 1841. According to Kamakau: A society was started at Lahainaluna according to the desire of the teachers. As the people of Alebione (Albion) had their British history and read about the Saxons and William, so the Hawaiians should read their history...The King said he thought the history of all the islands should be preserved from first to last. Known as the Royal Hawaiian Historical Society, members included King Kamehameha III, John Young, Timothy Haalilio, David Malo, Dwight Baldwin, William Richards, Sheldon Dibble, Kamakau and others. Elected officials included president Kamehameha III, vice-president William Richards, secretary Sheldon Dibble, and treasurer Samuel Kamakau. The society disbanded after the capital of the Kingdom of Hawaii moved from Lahaina on the island of Maui to Honolulu, Oahu in 1845. Kamakau married S. Hainakolo and moved to his wife's hometown of Kīpahulu. Their daughter, Kukelani Kaaapookalani, was born in December 1862, after which the couple moved to Oahu. In 1860 Kamakau converted to Roman Catholicism from Congregational Protestantism. From 1866 to 1871, Kamakau wrote a series of newspaper articles about Hawaiian culture and history: "Ka Moolelo o Kamehameha I", a history of Kamehameha I; "Ka Moolelo o Nā Kamehameha", a history of the House of Kamehameha; and "Ka Moolelo Hawaii", a history of Hawaii. The articles were published in the Hawaiian language newspapers, Ke Au Okoa and Ka Nūpepa Kūokoa. Kamakau has served as a district judge in Wailuku, Maui and was a legislator for the Hawaiian Kingdom. From 1851 to 1860 he represented Maui in the House of Representatives, and from 1870 to 1876 represented Oahu. He died at his home in Honolulu on September 5, 1876, and was buried in the Maemae Chapel Cemetery in Nuuanu Valley.

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samuel%20Kamakau

Samuel Kamakau

Legacy

Samuel Mānaiakalani Kamakau (October 29, 1815 – September 5, 1876) was a Hawaiian historian and scholar. His work appeared in local newspapers and was later compiled into books, becoming an invaluable resource on the Hawaiian people, Hawaiian culture, and Hawaiian language while they were disappearing. Along with David Malo and John Papa ʻĪʻī, Kamakau is considered one of Hawaii's greatest historians, and his contributions to the preservation of Hawaiian history have been honored throughout the State of Hawaii.

On October 29, 1994, the Hawaii & Pacific Section in the Hawaii State Library was named the "Samuel Manaiakalani Kamakau Room" in honor of Kamakau's legacy as a "great Hawaiian historian who also served his community as an outstanding writer, scholar, jurist, and legislator." In 2000, a Hawaiian immersion school in Kāneʻohe, Oahu recognized Kamakau's contributions by naming their school Ke Kula o Samuel M. Kamakau. The Hawaii Book Publishers Association's annual Ka Palapala Pookela ("excellent manuscript") competition presents the Samuel M. Kamakau Award for the best Hawaii Book of the Year. In 2005, the Hawaii State Legislature passed H.R. No. 55, declaring October 29, 2005 "Samuel Manaiakalani Kamakau Day": WHEREAS, SAMUEL MANAIAKALANI KAMAKAU, born October 29, 1815, in Mokuleia, Waialua, Oahu, has been noted by many as one of Hawaii's greatest historians of Hawaiian culture and heritage; and WHEREAS, as a noted writer, SAMUEL MANAIAKALANI KAMAKAU authored books in Hawaiian that would later be translated by esteemed organizations such as the Bishop Museum and Kamehameha Schools, for future generations to learn from; and WHEREAS, by his actions and through his passion for accurately recording native Hawaiian history, SAMUEL MANAIAKALANI KAMAKAU teaches our keiki, both Hawaiian and non-Hawaiian, what life was like as a Hawaiian, and thereby preserves for posterity, the legacy of a storied people; and WHEREAS, along with maintaining a record of Hawaiian history, SAMUEL MANAIAKALANI KAMAKAU through his birth and affiliation with Waialua, solidifies Waialua's position as a stronghold for Hawaiian culture; now, therefore, BE IT RESOLVED by the House of Representatives of the Twenty-third Legislature of the State of Hawaii, Regular Session of 2005, that this body commemorates SAMUEL MANAIAKALANI KAMAKAU's contributions to memorializing Hawaiian history by proclaiming October 29, 2005, as SAMUEL MANAIAKALANI KAMAKAU Day.

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samuel%20Kamakau

Samuel Kamakau

Works

Samuel Mānaiakalani Kamakau (October 29, 1815 – September 5, 1876) was a Hawaiian historian and scholar. His work appeared in local newspapers and was later compiled into books, becoming an invaluable resource on the Hawaiian people, Hawaiian culture, and Hawaiian language while they were disappearing. Along with David Malo and John Papa ʻĪʻī, Kamakau is considered one of Hawaii's greatest historians, and his contributions to the preservation of Hawaiian history have been honored throughout the State of Hawaii.

In 1961, the Kamehameha Schools Press published Kamakau's first two series as a book entitled Ruling Chiefs of Hawaii. Three years later, in 1964, the Bishop Museum Press published his last series as a trilogy, entitled Ka Poe Kahiko: The People of Old, The Works of the People of Old: Nā Hana A Ka Poe Kahiko, and Tales and Traditions of the People of Old: Nā Moolelo A Ka Poe Kahiko. A revised edition was published in 1992.

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samuel%20Kamakau

Samuel Kamakau

Further reading

Samuel Mānaiakalani Kamakau (October 29, 1815 – September 5, 1876) was a Hawaiian historian and scholar. His work appeared in local newspapers and was later compiled into books, becoming an invaluable resource on the Hawaiian people, Hawaiian culture, and Hawaiian language while they were disappearing. Along with David Malo and John Papa ʻĪʻī, Kamakau is considered one of Hawaii's greatest historians, and his contributions to the preservation of Hawaiian history have been honored throughout the State of Hawaii.

Category:1815 births Category:1876 deaths Category:Converts to Roman Catholicism from Congregationalism Category:Historians of Hawaii Category:Hawaiian Kingdom judges Category:Lahainaluna School alumni Category:Members of the Hawaiian Kingdom House of Representatives Category:Native Hawaiian people Category:Native Hawaiian writers Category:Queen Emma Party politicians

projected-17324736-000

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/An%20Awfully%20Big%20Adventure

An Awfully Big Adventure

Introduction

An Awfully Big Adventure is a 1995 British coming-of-age film directed by Mike Newell. The story concerns a teenage girl who joins a local repertory theatre troupe in Liverpool. During a winter production of Peter Pan, the play quickly turns into a dark metaphor for youth as she becomes drawn into a web of sexual politics and intrigue. The title is an ironic nod to the original Peter Pan story, in which Peter says, "To die will be an awfully big adventure." Set in 1947, the film was adapted from the Booker Prize-nominated 1989 novel of the same name by Beryl Bainbridge.

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/An%20Awfully%20Big%20Adventure

An Awfully Big Adventure

Plot

An Awfully Big Adventure is a 1995 British coming-of-age film directed by Mike Newell. The story concerns a teenage girl who joins a local repertory theatre troupe in Liverpool. During a winter production of Peter Pan, the play quickly turns into a dark metaphor for youth as she becomes drawn into a web of sexual politics and intrigue. The title is an ironic nod to the original Peter Pan story, in which Peter says, "To die will be an awfully big adventure." Set in 1947, the film was adapted from the Booker Prize-nominated 1989 novel of the same name by Beryl Bainbridge.

In the film's prologue, a hotelier ushers a child into a bomb shelter during the Liverpool Blitz. We see a brief flashback to a woman leaving her baby in a basement surrounded by flickering candles. Before departing from the house, she quickly drops a string of pearls on the child's pillow, twined around a single rose. Years later, 16-year-old Stella Bradshaw lives in a working class household with her Uncle Vernon and Aunt Lily in Liverpool. Lacking an adult in her life to whom she feels close, she frequently goes into phone booths to "speak with her mother", who never appears in the film. Her uncle, who sees a theatrical career as being her only alternative to working behind the counter at Woolworth's, signs her up for speech lessons and pulls strings to get her involved at a local repertory theatre. After an unsuccessful audition, Stella gets a job gofering for Meredith Potter, the troupe's sleazy, eccentric director, and Bunny, his faithful stage manager. The impressionable Stella develops a crush on the worldly, self-absorbed Meredith, whose homosexuality completely eludes her. Amused, he gives her the small role of Ptolemy the boy-king in Caesar and Cleopatra but ignores her otherwise. Meredith reveals himself to be an amoral, apathetic man who treats Stella and everyone else around him with scorn and condescension. He reserves his greatest cruelty for Dawn Allenby, a desperate older actress whom he callously dismisses from the company; she later attempts suicide. Meredith also has a long history of preying upon young men. Stella is quickly caught up in the backstage intrigue and also becomes an object of sexual advances from men in and around the theatre company, including P. L. O'Hara (Alan Rickman), a brilliant actor who has returned to the troupe in a stint playing Captain Hook for its Christmas production of Peter Pan. In keeping with theatrical tradition, O'Hara also doubles as Mr. Darling. O'Hara carries himself with grace and charisma, but privately is as troubled and disillusioned as the other members of the cast. Haunted by his wartime experiences and a lost love who he believes bore him a son, O'Hara embarks on an affair with Stella, to whom he feels an inexplicably deep emotional connection. Stella, who is still determined to win over Meredith, remains emotionally detached, but takes advantage of O'Hara's affections, seeing an opportunity to gain sexual experience. The last straw for Stella is during a cast outing when Geoffrey, a fellow teenage stagehand whom Potter has been sexually toying with, bursts out and hits him in the nose. The cast rushes to comfort Geoffrey, but Stella exclaims that he ought to be sacked. O'Hara explains to her that Meredith has spent his life harming people like Geoffrey and causing pain to people like Bunny who really love him: "believe it or not, it doesn't much matter him or her, old or young to Meredith. What he wants is hearts." Concerned, O'Hara visits her aunt and uncle, who disclose Stella's history. He finds out that Stella's long-missing mother was his lost love, whom he then knew by the nickname Stella Maris, making Stella ⁠— whom he's been sleeping with ⁠— his child, a daughter rather than the son he had imagined. Keeping his discovery to himself, O'Hara gets on his motorcycle and drives back out to the seaport. Distracted by his new findings, he slips on a wet gangplank, hits his head, and is pitched into the water. Before he drowns, he sees the woman from earlier flashbacks, clutching the infant. Stella is later seen hastening to the phone booth to confide her woes over the phone. The absent Stella Maris had years ago won a nationwide contest to be the voice of the speaking clock. It is her recorded voice that provides the only response to her daughter's confidences.

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/An%20Awfully%20Big%20Adventure

An Awfully Big Adventure

Cast

An Awfully Big Adventure is a 1995 British coming-of-age film directed by Mike Newell. The story concerns a teenage girl who joins a local repertory theatre troupe in Liverpool. During a winter production of Peter Pan, the play quickly turns into a dark metaphor for youth as she becomes drawn into a web of sexual politics and intrigue. The title is an ironic nod to the original Peter Pan story, in which Peter says, "To die will be an awfully big adventure." Set in 1947, the film was adapted from the Booker Prize-nominated 1989 novel of the same name by Beryl Bainbridge.

Alan Rickman as P.L. O'Hara Hugh Grant as Meredith Potter Georgina Cates as Stella Bradshaw Alun Armstrong as Uncle Vernon Peter Firth as Bunny Carol Drinkwater as Dawn Allenby Rita Tushingham as Aunt Lily Prunella Scales as Rose Lipton Edward Petherbridge as Richard St. Ives Nicola Pagett as Dotty Blundell Clive Merrison as Desmond Fairchild Alan Cox as Geoffrey James Frain as John Harbour

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/An%20Awfully%20Big%20Adventure

An Awfully Big Adventure

Production

An Awfully Big Adventure is a 1995 British coming-of-age film directed by Mike Newell. The story concerns a teenage girl who joins a local repertory theatre troupe in Liverpool. During a winter production of Peter Pan, the play quickly turns into a dark metaphor for youth as she becomes drawn into a web of sexual politics and intrigue. The title is an ironic nod to the original Peter Pan story, in which Peter says, "To die will be an awfully big adventure." Set in 1947, the film was adapted from the Booker Prize-nominated 1989 novel of the same name by Beryl Bainbridge.

Georgina Cates, whose real name is Clare Woodgate, was initially declined when she first auditioned for the film. Upon rejection, she dyed her hair red, changed her name and reinvented herself as a teenage girl from Liverpool with no acting experience and applied again. The second time she got the role. Alan Rickman was reportedly miffed when he found out her true age. According to Mike Newell, he "treated her very tactfully, presuming that she was sexually inexperienced and could get upset by the scene." Hugh Grant based his characterization of Meredith on Richard Digby Day, a past director of his from Nottingham Playhouse. Principal photography took place mostly in Dublin; the playhouse in the film was the Olympia Theatre.

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/An%20Awfully%20Big%20Adventure

An Awfully Big Adventure

Soundtrack

An Awfully Big Adventure is a 1995 British coming-of-age film directed by Mike Newell. The story concerns a teenage girl who joins a local repertory theatre troupe in Liverpool. During a winter production of Peter Pan, the play quickly turns into a dark metaphor for youth as she becomes drawn into a web of sexual politics and intrigue. The title is an ironic nod to the original Peter Pan story, in which Peter says, "To die will be an awfully big adventure." Set in 1947, the film was adapted from the Booker Prize-nominated 1989 novel of the same name by Beryl Bainbridge.

A soundtrack album was released on 20 June 1995 by Silva Screen Records. In addition to the original film score composed by Richard Hartley, the Irish folk song "The Last Rose of Summer" is used as O'Hara's theme music throughout the film.

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/An%20Awfully%20Big%20Adventure

An Awfully Big Adventure

Box office

An Awfully Big Adventure is a 1995 British coming-of-age film directed by Mike Newell. The story concerns a teenage girl who joins a local repertory theatre troupe in Liverpool. During a winter production of Peter Pan, the play quickly turns into a dark metaphor for youth as she becomes drawn into a web of sexual politics and intrigue. The title is an ironic nod to the original Peter Pan story, in which Peter says, "To die will be an awfully big adventure." Set in 1947, the film was adapted from the Booker Prize-nominated 1989 novel of the same name by Beryl Bainbridge.

The film did not perform well at the box office, grossing only $593,350 in the United Kingdom and $258,195 in the United States. It grossed $2 million worldwide. However, Georgina Cates received a London Film Critics Circle Award nomination for Best Actress of the Year and Mike Newell was nominated for a Crystal Globe Award for Best Director at the Karlovy Vary International Film Festival.

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/An%20Awfully%20Big%20Adventure

An Awfully Big Adventure

Critical reception

An Awfully Big Adventure is a 1995 British coming-of-age film directed by Mike Newell. The story concerns a teenage girl who joins a local repertory theatre troupe in Liverpool. During a winter production of Peter Pan, the play quickly turns into a dark metaphor for youth as she becomes drawn into a web of sexual politics and intrigue. The title is an ironic nod to the original Peter Pan story, in which Peter says, "To die will be an awfully big adventure." Set in 1947, the film was adapted from the Booker Prize-nominated 1989 novel of the same name by Beryl Bainbridge.

On review aggregator Rotten Tomatoes the film holds an approval rating of 40% based on 15 reviews, with an average rating of 5.3/10. Although Rickman and Grant were unanimously praised, many were indifferent to the film's bleak, subtle humor and episodic structure. Lisa Schwartzenbaum of Entertainment Weekly wrote that "Rickman... is the most interesting thing going in this unwieldy muddle... There's a creepy allure to O'Hara, and it is his energy that moves the story along to its unsettling surprise ending." Edward Guthmann of the San Francisco Chronicle wrote, "This isn't a sentimental slice of British eccentricity, or a gentle glance at amateur theatricals and the oddballs who inhabit them... Instead, it's a sour, unpleasant experience that gives us every reason not to become involved. Newell, who directed Four Weddings with such a light touch and such fondness, leaves the impression here that he doesn't like his characters and doesn't mind if we don't, either." Janet Maslin of The New York Times, however, felt that it captured "Mr. Grant as the clever, versatile character actor he was then becoming, rather than the international dreamboat he is today... [the film] isn't overly concerned with making its stars look good. Mr. Grant wears a monocle, has nicotine-stained fingers and appears in one scene looking dissolute and vomit-stained... As it turns out, a public relations blackout is only the least of this admirable film's problems. Its Liverpool accents are thickly impenetrable. And Ms. Bainbridge's book is elliptical to begin with, which guarantees that some of its fine points will be lost in translation. Mr. Newell directs his actors beautifully, but the screenplay by Charles Wood echoes Ms. Bainbridge in letting important information fly by obliquely. So listen closely. This is a dark, eccentric film that both requires and rewards keen attention." Similarly, Joel Pearce of DVD Verdict commented that "An Awfully Big Adventure is disappointing, but not because it's a bad movie... In fact, it's a good movie that's been the victim of extremely bad marketing... Hugh Grant is at his sleazy, sardonic best... Some elements of the film are too subtle, so it takes a while to figure out what's really going on." Alan Rickman later said that he felt the film suffered comparisons to Four Weddings and a Funeral.

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/An%20Awfully%20Big%20Adventure

An Awfully Big Adventure

Honours

An Awfully Big Adventure is a 1995 British coming-of-age film directed by Mike Newell. The story concerns a teenage girl who joins a local repertory theatre troupe in Liverpool. During a winter production of Peter Pan, the play quickly turns into a dark metaphor for youth as she becomes drawn into a web of sexual politics and intrigue. The title is an ironic nod to the original Peter Pan story, in which Peter says, "To die will be an awfully big adventure." Set in 1947, the film was adapted from the Booker Prize-nominated 1989 novel of the same name by Beryl Bainbridge.

Crystal Globe - Karlovy Vary International Film Festival, Czech Republic (nominated) Actress of the Year (Georgina Cates) - London Film Critics Circle (nominated)

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siege%20of%20Kolberg%20%281807%29

Siege of Kolberg (1807)

Introduction

The siege of Kolberg (also known as: siege of Colberg or siege of Kołobrzeg) took place from March to 2 July 1807 during the War of the Fourth Coalition, part of the Napoleonic Wars. An army of the First French Empire and several foreign auxiliaries (including Polish insurgents) of France besieged the Prussian fortified town of Kolberg, the only remaining Prussian-held fortress in the Prussian province of Pomerania. The siege was not successful and was lifted upon the announcement of the peace of Tilsit. After Prussia lost the Battle of Jena–Auerstedt in late 1806, French troops marched north into Prussian Pomerania. Fortified Stettin (Szczecin) surrendered without battle, and the province became occupied by the French forces. Kolberg resisted, and the implementation of a French siege was delayed until March 1807 by the freikorps of Ferdinand von Schill operating around the fortress and capturing the assigned French commander of the siege, Victor-Perrin. During these months, the military commander of Kolberg, Lucadou, and the representative of the local populace, Nettelbeck, prepared the fortress's defensive structures. The French forces commanded by Teulié, composed primarily of troops from Italy, succeeded in encircling Kolberg by mid-March. Napoleon put the siege force under the command of Loison; Frederick William III entrusted Gneisenau with the defense. In early April, the siege forces were for a short time commanded by Mortier, who had marched a large force from besieged Swedish Stralsund to Kolberg but was ordered to return when Stralsund's defenders gained ground. Other reinforcements came from states of the Confederation of the Rhine (Kingdom of Württemberg, Saxon duchies and the Duchy of Nassau), the Kingdom of Holland, and France. With the western surroundings of Kolberg flooded by the defenders, fighting concentrated on the eastern forefield of the fortress, where Wolfsberg sconce had been constructed on Lucadou's behalf. Aiding the defense from the nearby Baltic Sea were a British and a Swedish vessel. By late June, Napoleon massively reinforced the siege forces to bring about a decision. The siege force then also concentrated on taking the port north of the town. On 2 July, fighting ceased when Prussia had agreed on an unfavourable peace after her ally Russia suffered a decisive defeat at Friedland. Of the twenty Prussian fortresses, Kolberg was one of the few remaining in Prussian hands until the war's end. The battle became a myth in Prussia and was later used by Nazi propaganda efforts. While prior to World War II the city commemorated the defendants, it started to honor the commander of the Polish troops after 1945, when the city became part of a Polish state.

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siege%20of%20Kolberg%20%281807%29

Siege of Kolberg (1807)

Prelude

The siege of Kolberg (also known as: siege of Colberg or siege of Kołobrzeg) took place from March to 2 July 1807 during the War of the Fourth Coalition, part of the Napoleonic Wars. An army of the First French Empire and several foreign auxiliaries (including Polish insurgents) of France besieged the Prussian fortified town of Kolberg, the only remaining Prussian-held fortress in the Prussian province of Pomerania. The siege was not successful and was lifted upon the announcement of the peace of Tilsit. After Prussia lost the Battle of Jena–Auerstedt in late 1806, French troops marched north into Prussian Pomerania. Fortified Stettin (Szczecin) surrendered without battle, and the province became occupied by the French forces. Kolberg resisted, and the implementation of a French siege was delayed until March 1807 by the freikorps of Ferdinand von Schill operating around the fortress and capturing the assigned French commander of the siege, Victor-Perrin. During these months, the military commander of Kolberg, Lucadou, and the representative of the local populace, Nettelbeck, prepared the fortress's defensive structures. The French forces commanded by Teulié, composed primarily of troops from Italy, succeeded in encircling Kolberg by mid-March. Napoleon put the siege force under the command of Loison; Frederick William III entrusted Gneisenau with the defense. In early April, the siege forces were for a short time commanded by Mortier, who had marched a large force from besieged Swedish Stralsund to Kolberg but was ordered to return when Stralsund's defenders gained ground. Other reinforcements came from states of the Confederation of the Rhine (Kingdom of Württemberg, Saxon duchies and the Duchy of Nassau), the Kingdom of Holland, and France. With the western surroundings of Kolberg flooded by the defenders, fighting concentrated on the eastern forefield of the fortress, where Wolfsberg sconce had been constructed on Lucadou's behalf. Aiding the defense from the nearby Baltic Sea were a British and a Swedish vessel. By late June, Napoleon massively reinforced the siege forces to bring about a decision. The siege force then also concentrated on taking the port north of the town. On 2 July, fighting ceased when Prussia had agreed on an unfavourable peace after her ally Russia suffered a decisive defeat at Friedland. Of the twenty Prussian fortresses, Kolberg was one of the few remaining in Prussian hands until the war's end. The battle became a myth in Prussia and was later used by Nazi propaganda efforts. While prior to World War II the city commemorated the defendants, it started to honor the commander of the Polish troops after 1945, when the city became part of a Polish state.

Within two weeks after the Battle of Jena-Auerstedt (14 October 1806), Napoleon's Grande Armée had pursued the defeated Royal Prussian Army to Pasewalk in Prussian Pomerania. The provincial capital Stettin (now Szczecin), one of twenty Prussian fortresses, capitulated on 29 October the province's only fortress remaining in Prussian hands. Pierre Thouvenout was appointed French governor of Pomerania and sent his envoy Mestram to accept Kolberg's expected capitulation and take control of it. On 8 November 1806, Mestram met with the Prussian commander of Kolberg Louis Maurice de Lucadou (Ludwig Moritz von Lucadou) before its walls. Lucadou's refusal to hand over the fortress came as a surprise to the French generals and the Prussian administration in Stettin, who had already pledged allegiance to the French; it further led part of the defeated Prussian army to take refuge in Kolberg and reinforce the two musketeer battalions of the von Owstien and von Borcke regiments and the 72 guns garrisoned there. Lucadou ordered the Persante (Parseta) river west of Kolberg to be dammed up to flood the area around the fortress, and arranged the construction of Wolfsberg sconce east of the town. Coordination of these measures with Joachim Nettelbeck, representative of the Kolberg citizens, was however impaired by the latter's personal grievances against Lucadou. Among the Prussian soldiers who had retreated to Kolberg after Jena and Auerstedt was secondelieutenant Ferdinand von Schill, who after his recovery from a severe head injury in the house of Kolberg senator Westphal was ordered to patrol the areas west of the fortress with a small cavalry unit. Supplied with information about French movements by local peasants, he succeeded in capturing a number of French officers and soldiers, gathering food and financial supplies in neighboring towns and villages, and recruiting volunteers to his unit from inside and outside Kolberg. Schill's victory in the skirmish of Gülzow (7 December 1806), though insignificant from a military point of view, was widely noted as the first Prussian success against the French army - while Prussian king Frederick William III praised Schill as the "kind of man now valued by the fatherland", Napoleon referred to him as a "miserable kind of brigand". "ce miserable, qui est une espèce de brigand"}} As a consequence of these successes and Schill's increasing fame, Prussian king Frederick William III ordered him to establish a freikorps on 12 January 1807, which in the following months defended the fortress against French attacks allowing its defenders to complete their preparations for the expected siege with Swedish and British support via the Baltic. Time for preparation was needed since Kolberg lacked sufficient defensive structures, manpower and armament to withstand a siege. The defensive works of the fortress had been neglected, only the port and Kirchhof sconce had been prepared for defense when Prussia feared war with Russia and Sweden in 1805 and 1806, but they had been disarmed in September. By early December 1806, the Kolberg garrison numbered 1,576 men, but increased steadily during the next months due to the arrival of Prussian troops and new recruits from nearby areas. Armament shortages were in part relieved by Charles XIII of Sweden, who sent rifle components from which local gunsmiths made 2,000 new rifles. As of late October 1806, a total of 72 guns were mounted on Kolberg's walls: 58 metal/iron cannons (8x 24 lb, 4x 20 lb, 40x 12 lb, 6x 6 lb), six iron howitzers (10 lb) and eight iron mortars (5x 50 lb, 3x 25 lb); in addition, there were four mobile 3-pounder cannons. While a convoy with artillery reinforcements was held up and captured by French forces near Stettin, twelve 12-pounder cannons reached Kolberg from the Prussian fortress of Danzig and the Swedish fortress of Stralsund, who each sent six guns. Since no further artillery reinforcements came in, the Kolberg garrison mounted an additional 92 guns on the walls which previously had been deemed unusable and withdrawn from service; these guns were positioned at the flanks at it was speculated that they might still serve to fire rocks and canister shots at short distances. Six guns captured by Schill's freikorps were also sent to Kolberg. Claude Victor-Perrin, whom Napoleon Bonaparte had entrusted with taking Kolberg, was captured by Schill's forces in Arnswalde (12 January), detained in Kolberg and later exchanged against Prussian general Gebhard Leberecht von Blücher. With Victor-Perrin captured, the attack on Kolberg was to be led by Pietro (Pierre) Teulié's Italian division, who in February began the march on the fortress from Stettin. Schill's freikorps further delayed the French advance by provoking several skirmishes and battles, the largest of which took place near Naugard (Nowogard). Teulié reached the Kolberg area by early March, and by the mid of the month (14 March) had cleared the surrounding villages of Schill's forces and encircled the fortress.

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siege%20of%20Kolberg%20%281807%29

Siege of Kolberg (1807)

Mid-March to April

The siege of Kolberg (also known as: siege of Colberg or siege of Kołobrzeg) took place from March to 2 July 1807 during the War of the Fourth Coalition, part of the Napoleonic Wars. An army of the First French Empire and several foreign auxiliaries (including Polish insurgents) of France besieged the Prussian fortified town of Kolberg, the only remaining Prussian-held fortress in the Prussian province of Pomerania. The siege was not successful and was lifted upon the announcement of the peace of Tilsit. After Prussia lost the Battle of Jena–Auerstedt in late 1806, French troops marched north into Prussian Pomerania. Fortified Stettin (Szczecin) surrendered without battle, and the province became occupied by the French forces. Kolberg resisted, and the implementation of a French siege was delayed until March 1807 by the freikorps of Ferdinand von Schill operating around the fortress and capturing the assigned French commander of the siege, Victor-Perrin. During these months, the military commander of Kolberg, Lucadou, and the representative of the local populace, Nettelbeck, prepared the fortress's defensive structures. The French forces commanded by Teulié, composed primarily of troops from Italy, succeeded in encircling Kolberg by mid-March. Napoleon put the siege force under the command of Loison; Frederick William III entrusted Gneisenau with the defense. In early April, the siege forces were for a short time commanded by Mortier, who had marched a large force from besieged Swedish Stralsund to Kolberg but was ordered to return when Stralsund's defenders gained ground. Other reinforcements came from states of the Confederation of the Rhine (Kingdom of Württemberg, Saxon duchies and the Duchy of Nassau), the Kingdom of Holland, and France. With the western surroundings of Kolberg flooded by the defenders, fighting concentrated on the eastern forefield of the fortress, where Wolfsberg sconce had been constructed on Lucadou's behalf. Aiding the defense from the nearby Baltic Sea were a British and a Swedish vessel. By late June, Napoleon massively reinforced the siege forces to bring about a decision. The siege force then also concentrated on taking the port north of the town. On 2 July, fighting ceased when Prussia had agreed on an unfavourable peace after her ally Russia suffered a decisive defeat at Friedland. Of the twenty Prussian fortresses, Kolberg was one of the few remaining in Prussian hands until the war's end. The battle became a myth in Prussia and was later used by Nazi propaganda efforts. While prior to World War II the city commemorated the defendants, it started to honor the commander of the Polish troops after 1945, when the city became part of a Polish state.

When the French encirclement of Kolberg rendered Schill's strategy moot, Lucadou sent three cavalry units to aid the Krockow freikorps in the defense of Danzig, while Schill departed to aid in the defense of Stralsund in Swedish Pomerania. The suburbs, most notably Geldernerviertel, were burned down as it was customary. Because of the delay in the French advance, Napoleon replaced Teulié as the commander of the siege forces with division general Louis Henri Loison; Frederick William III replaced Lucadou as the commander of the fortress with major August Neidhardt von Gneisenau after complaints by Nettelbeck and out of considerations for an envisioned British landfall at Kolberg - he feared that a French-born commander might irritate his British supporters, while on the other hand Gneisenau had been in British service during the American Revolutionary War. In April, Napoleon withdrew the forces of Edouard Mortier from the siege of Stralsund and sent them to take Kolberg, however, Mortier soon had to return when the defenders of Stralsund pushed the remaining French troops out of Swedish Pomerania. The French siege army was reinforced by troops from Württemberg and Saxon states (Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld, Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg, Saxe-Meiningen, Saxe-Hildburghausen, and Saxe-Weimar,) as well as a Polish regiment. The Saxon and Württemberg regiments were part of the army of the Confederation of the Rhine, which - like the Kingdom of Italy, whose troops were already present at the siege – was a French client. The Polish regiment, led by Antoni Paweł Sułkowski, with a strength of 1,200 had been transferred from the siege of Danzig (Gdańsk) on 11 April and arrived on 20 April; it was the 1st infantry regiment of the Poznań legion raised by Jan Henryk Dąbrowski on Napoleon's behalf, after a Polish uprising against Prussian occupation and French liberation of Prussian controlled Poland had resulted in the creation of Duchy of Warsaw in part of partitioned Poland.

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siege%20of%20Kolberg%20%281807%29

Siege of Kolberg (1807)

May to June

The siege of Kolberg (also known as: siege of Colberg or siege of Kołobrzeg) took place from March to 2 July 1807 during the War of the Fourth Coalition, part of the Napoleonic Wars. An army of the First French Empire and several foreign auxiliaries (including Polish insurgents) of France besieged the Prussian fortified town of Kolberg, the only remaining Prussian-held fortress in the Prussian province of Pomerania. The siege was not successful and was lifted upon the announcement of the peace of Tilsit. After Prussia lost the Battle of Jena–Auerstedt in late 1806, French troops marched north into Prussian Pomerania. Fortified Stettin (Szczecin) surrendered without battle, and the province became occupied by the French forces. Kolberg resisted, and the implementation of a French siege was delayed until March 1807 by the freikorps of Ferdinand von Schill operating around the fortress and capturing the assigned French commander of the siege, Victor-Perrin. During these months, the military commander of Kolberg, Lucadou, and the representative of the local populace, Nettelbeck, prepared the fortress's defensive structures. The French forces commanded by Teulié, composed primarily of troops from Italy, succeeded in encircling Kolberg by mid-March. Napoleon put the siege force under the command of Loison; Frederick William III entrusted Gneisenau with the defense. In early April, the siege forces were for a short time commanded by Mortier, who had marched a large force from besieged Swedish Stralsund to Kolberg but was ordered to return when Stralsund's defenders gained ground. Other reinforcements came from states of the Confederation of the Rhine (Kingdom of Württemberg, Saxon duchies and the Duchy of Nassau), the Kingdom of Holland, and France. With the western surroundings of Kolberg flooded by the defenders, fighting concentrated on the eastern forefield of the fortress, where Wolfsberg sconce had been constructed on Lucadou's behalf. Aiding the defense from the nearby Baltic Sea were a British and a Swedish vessel. By late June, Napoleon massively reinforced the siege forces to bring about a decision. The siege force then also concentrated on taking the port north of the town. On 2 July, fighting ceased when Prussia had agreed on an unfavourable peace after her ally Russia suffered a decisive defeat at Friedland. Of the twenty Prussian fortresses, Kolberg was one of the few remaining in Prussian hands until the war's end. The battle became a myth in Prussia and was later used by Nazi propaganda efforts. While prior to World War II the city commemorated the defendants, it started to honor the commander of the Polish troops after 1945, when the city became part of a Polish state.

Throughout May and June, the siege was characterized by heavy fighting around Wolfsberg sconce east of Kolberg. In early May, the siege forces numbered circa 8,000 troops. The siege force's blockade corps was since 4 May divided into four brigades: the first brigade was commanded by Berndes and included one Polish regiment under Antoni Paweł Sułkowski. Sulkowski in his diaries wrote that Polish soldiers were highly excited about the prospect of taking the city, as it was once part of Poland during the Piast dynasty. He wrote "our soldiers burn with the enthusiasm to move our borders to the pillars of Bolesław", and noted that the chaplain of the Polish soldiers Ignacy Przybylski called upon them Polish soldiers. We are camped under Kołobrzeg. Since the time of Chrobry our regiment formed in Poznan and Gniezno Voivodeships is the first to show its banners here. The brigade also included Württemberg regiments (Seckendorff, Romig); the second brigade was commanded by Fontane and included the 1st Italian line infantry regiment (Valleriani) and the infantry regiment Saxe-Weimar (Egloffstein); the third brigade was commanded by Castaldini and included the 2nd Italian light regiment; the fourth brigade was commanded by general Bonfanti and included the 1st Italian light regiment (Rougier). The remaining forces, except for the grenadiers, were entrusted with the defense of other sconces in the vicinity of Kolberg. The headquarters of the siege force was in Tramm (now Stramnica), where the grenadiers were concentrated. The artillery, under command of general Mossel, was concentrated near Zernin (now Czernin), and defended by a Saxon detachment stationed in Degow (now Dygowo). The construction of the siege works, was since 5 May supervised by brigade general Chambarlhiac of the 8th corps on Napoleon's behalf. Schill returned to the town in early May, but left for Stralsund again after discord with Gneisenau, taking most of his freikorps with him (primarily the cavalry units). After Schill's departure, the defenders numbered about 6,000 men and consisted of one grenadier battalion with 850 men, commanded by Karl Wilhelm Ernst von Waldenfels, vice commander of the fortress; one fusilier battalion with 750 men, commanded by Möller; the 2nd Pomeranian reserve battalion with 540 men; the 3rd Neumark reserve battalion with 420 men; the 3rd musketeer battalion von Owstien with 800 men; the 3rd musketeer battalion von Borcke with 800 men; of Schill's freikorps, five infantry companies with 750 men and one cavalry squadron with 113 men, commanded by Count Wedell; two Jäger companies (Dobrowolski and Otto) with 300 men, later commanded by Arenstorf; 110 cuirassiers from the depot of the von Balliodz regiment; 400 artillerists. On 7 May, in a French reconnaissance attack, troops from the 1st Italian line infantry as well as the Polish, Württemberg and Saxon regiments assaulted Wolfsberg sconce. During the fight, a Polish unit repelled a charge from the cavalry squadron of Schill's Freikorps (113 troopers). General Loison in a report to Marshal Berthier on 8 May stated that the Poles had stopped a charge of 600 Prussian cavalry in that action. In another attack, launched during the night of 17/18 May, siege force troops managed to take part of Wolfsberg sconce, but had to retreat when in the resulting chaos, Württemberg troops shot at Italian units. The Prussian forces launched a counter-attack and drove them from the sconce once again. After this, the French general lost confidence in Wurttemberg troops and removed them from the battlefield. Polish troops were extensively used, and according to Louis Loison, showed exceptional determination in the attacks on Wolfsberg sconce. On 20 May, an arms replenishment for the defenders arrived by sea from Great Britain, containing inter alia 10,000 rifles, 6,000 sabres and ammunition. Some of those supplies, including 6,000 rifles, were however redirected to the defenders of Stralsund. On 30 May, Napoleon ordered the redeployment of Jean Boudet's division to enable it to reach Kolberg on demand within 36 hours, one regiment of the division was ordered to reinforce the siege forces. Wolfsberg sconce, overrun by the French army on 17 May but recovered by the defenders the next day, capitulated on 11 June. Among others, Waldenfels was killed at the Wolfsberg sconce. Also, Teulié was lethally injured when a cannonball hit his leg—according to the French Biographie universelle, he died five days later, on 12 May, and his death caused the parties to agree on a 24-hour truce in his honor; according to Höpfner's History of the Prussian Army however, Teuliè was hit when a 24-hour truce on 11/12 June was concluded after the capitulation of the Wolfsberg sconce, but not observed; and according to the Italian Biografie di Pietro Teulie however, the cannonball hit Teuliè after 13 June, and five to six days later, he died in Loison's arms in the nearby village of Tramm. Temporarily, the defenders were supported by the British corvette Phyleria and the Swedish frigate af Chapmann, the latter had arrived on 29 April, was commanded by major Follin and armed with 46 guns (two 36-pounders, else 24-pounder cannons and carronades). Also, three fishing boats had been armed with guns and supported the defenders from the sea. A 3-pounder gun was mounted on each of these boats, which had been prepared by Nettelbeck; later, a fourth boat was similarly prepared by lieutenant Fabe. On 3 June during the evening the supporting ships directed artillery fire on the Polish camp, which proved to be ineffective due to strong winds, three hours later an armed expedition of estimated 200 Prussians attempted to land on the beach, and was repulsed in intense fighting by the Polish regiment On 14 June, British artillery replenishments arrived for the defenders, including 30 iron cannons, 10 iron howitzers and ammunition. The guns replaced "the many unusable guns on Kolberg's walls". Since the fortress had experienced a shortage of light artillery while at the same time it had sufficient cannonball supplies in storage, a Kolberg smith had forged an operative iron 4-pounder gun; further efforts to forge artillery pieces in the fortress were rendered moot by the arrival of the British guns.

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siege%20of%20Kolberg%20%281807%29

Siege of Kolberg (1807)

Final days

The siege of Kolberg (also known as: siege of Colberg or siege of Kołobrzeg) took place from March to 2 July 1807 during the War of the Fourth Coalition, part of the Napoleonic Wars. An army of the First French Empire and several foreign auxiliaries (including Polish insurgents) of France besieged the Prussian fortified town of Kolberg, the only remaining Prussian-held fortress in the Prussian province of Pomerania. The siege was not successful and was lifted upon the announcement of the peace of Tilsit. After Prussia lost the Battle of Jena–Auerstedt in late 1806, French troops marched north into Prussian Pomerania. Fortified Stettin (Szczecin) surrendered without battle, and the province became occupied by the French forces. Kolberg resisted, and the implementation of a French siege was delayed until March 1807 by the freikorps of Ferdinand von Schill operating around the fortress and capturing the assigned French commander of the siege, Victor-Perrin. During these months, the military commander of Kolberg, Lucadou, and the representative of the local populace, Nettelbeck, prepared the fortress's defensive structures. The French forces commanded by Teulié, composed primarily of troops from Italy, succeeded in encircling Kolberg by mid-March. Napoleon put the siege force under the command of Loison; Frederick William III entrusted Gneisenau with the defense. In early April, the siege forces were for a short time commanded by Mortier, who had marched a large force from besieged Swedish Stralsund to Kolberg but was ordered to return when Stralsund's defenders gained ground. Other reinforcements came from states of the Confederation of the Rhine (Kingdom of Württemberg, Saxon duchies and the Duchy of Nassau), the Kingdom of Holland, and France. With the western surroundings of Kolberg flooded by the defenders, fighting concentrated on the eastern forefield of the fortress, where Wolfsberg sconce had been constructed on Lucadou's behalf. Aiding the defense from the nearby Baltic Sea were a British and a Swedish vessel. By late June, Napoleon massively reinforced the siege forces to bring about a decision. The siege force then also concentrated on taking the port north of the town. On 2 July, fighting ceased when Prussia had agreed on an unfavourable peace after her ally Russia suffered a decisive defeat at Friedland. Of the twenty Prussian fortresses, Kolberg was one of the few remaining in Prussian hands until the war's end. The battle became a myth in Prussia and was later used by Nazi propaganda efforts. While prior to World War II the city commemorated the defendants, it started to honor the commander of the Polish troops after 1945, when the city became part of a Polish state.

In mid-June, the siege forces were reinforced by two Nassau bataillons with a strength of 1,500 to 1,600, Napoleon ordered the narrowing of the encirclement to cut off Kolberg from its port. By the end of June, Napoleon sent in battle-tried French regiments and heavy guns to bring about a decision: on 21 June arrived further artillery pieces and the 4th Dutch line infantry regiment (Anthing's) with a strength of 1,600 to 1,700; on 30 June arrived the 3rd light, 56th line and 93rd line regiments of the Boudet division with a strength of 7,000. Overall, the strength of the siege force had risen to about 14,000 men in the final days. The French forces took the Maikuhle forest held by the remaining soldiers of Schill's freikorps on 1 July. Kolberg was heavily bombarded—of a total of 25,940 cannonballs fired by the siege force, 6,000 were fired on 1 and 2 July. On 2 July at noon, fighting ceased upon the announcement of the Prusso-French agreement to the Peace of Tilsit. A Prusso-French truce had been signed already on 25 June following the decisive Russian defeat in the Battle of Friedland. Kolberg was one of the few Prussian fortresses which withstood Napoleon's forces until the peace was signed—others were Glatz (Kłodzko) and Graudenz (Grudziądz).

projected-20460837-006

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siege%20of%20Kolberg%20%281807%29

Siege of Kolberg (1807)

Casualties

The siege of Kolberg (also known as: siege of Colberg or siege of Kołobrzeg) took place from March to 2 July 1807 during the War of the Fourth Coalition, part of the Napoleonic Wars. An army of the First French Empire and several foreign auxiliaries (including Polish insurgents) of France besieged the Prussian fortified town of Kolberg, the only remaining Prussian-held fortress in the Prussian province of Pomerania. The siege was not successful and was lifted upon the announcement of the peace of Tilsit. After Prussia lost the Battle of Jena–Auerstedt in late 1806, French troops marched north into Prussian Pomerania. Fortified Stettin (Szczecin) surrendered without battle, and the province became occupied by the French forces. Kolberg resisted, and the implementation of a French siege was delayed until March 1807 by the freikorps of Ferdinand von Schill operating around the fortress and capturing the assigned French commander of the siege, Victor-Perrin. During these months, the military commander of Kolberg, Lucadou, and the representative of the local populace, Nettelbeck, prepared the fortress's defensive structures. The French forces commanded by Teulié, composed primarily of troops from Italy, succeeded in encircling Kolberg by mid-March. Napoleon put the siege force under the command of Loison; Frederick William III entrusted Gneisenau with the defense. In early April, the siege forces were for a short time commanded by Mortier, who had marched a large force from besieged Swedish Stralsund to Kolberg but was ordered to return when Stralsund's defenders gained ground. Other reinforcements came from states of the Confederation of the Rhine (Kingdom of Württemberg, Saxon duchies and the Duchy of Nassau), the Kingdom of Holland, and France. With the western surroundings of Kolberg flooded by the defenders, fighting concentrated on the eastern forefield of the fortress, where Wolfsberg sconce had been constructed on Lucadou's behalf. Aiding the defense from the nearby Baltic Sea were a British and a Swedish vessel. By late June, Napoleon massively reinforced the siege forces to bring about a decision. The siege force then also concentrated on taking the port north of the town. On 2 July, fighting ceased when Prussia had agreed on an unfavourable peace after her ally Russia suffered a decisive defeat at Friedland. Of the twenty Prussian fortresses, Kolberg was one of the few remaining in Prussian hands until the war's end. The battle became a myth in Prussia and was later used by Nazi propaganda efforts. While prior to World War II the city commemorated the defendants, it started to honor the commander of the Polish troops after 1945, when the city became part of a Polish state.

Based on data from the Prussian Military Archive, Höpfner lists the casualties for the Prussian garrison of Kolberg (saying it is uncertain whether they included the losses of the Schill freikorps) as follows: Höpfner further reports that Schill's freikorps lost a total of 682 infantry, 40 artillerists and an unrecorded number of cavalry and jäger as dead, wounded, captured or missing; of the civilian population of Kolberg, 27 died and 42 were wounded, primarily during the two final days. Regarding the casualties of the siege force, Höpfner says that the Prussian archives reports list a total of 7,000 to 8,000 dead and wounded, 1,000 of whom were killed and injured during the last two days. Höpfner does not cite the number claimed by the French, which he dismissed as "worthless," and says that the beforementioned Prussian claim for the total siege force casualties might be exaggerated. The casualty figures cited by Smith in The Greenhill Napoleonic Wars Data Book match Höpfner's numbers for the Prussian garrison, as they were used as a source; for the siege force casualties, Smith lists 102 officers and 5,000 men dead and wounded or died of sickness.