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1806.00050 | We propose learning flexible but interpretable functions that aggregate a
variable-length set of permutation-invariant feature vectors to predict a
label. We use a deep lattice network model so we can architect the model
structure to enhance interpretability, and add monotonicity constraints between
inputs-and-outputs. We then use the proposed set function to automate the
engineering of dense, interpretable features from sparse categorical features,
which we call semantic feature engine. Experiments on real-world data show the
achieved accuracy is similar to deep sets or deep neural networks, and is
easier to debug and understand.
| [
"cs.LG",
"cs.AI",
"stat.ML"
] | cs.LG | cs.AI | Machine Learning;Artificial Intelligence;Machine Learning | 3,951Machine Learning;Artificial Intelligence;Machine Learning
|
1601.05267 | The present contribution summarizes the content and slightly updates the
discussion of a recently proposed theoretical analysis of the halo phenomenon
in many-fermion systems. We focus here on applications to potential neutron
halos in mid-mass nuclei.
| [
"nucl-th",
"nucl-ex"
] | nucl-th | nucl-ex | Nuclear Theory;Nuclear Experiment | 4,924Nuclear Theory;Nuclear Experiment
|
1004.1834 | We analyze the time evolution of quantum entanglement in a model consisting
of two two-level atoms interacting with a two-mode electromagnetic field for a
variety of initial states. We study two different coupling schemes motivated by
the forms that can arise due to atomic separation. We observe a variety of
qualitative features such as entanglement sudden death, dynamical generation,
protection, and transfer between subsystems. Our quantitative analysis shows
that these cases with different couplings and initial states differ
significantly in these qualitative features. The multifarious behaviors in
these two-mode cases suggest the importance of considering atomic separation
carefully for any model where two atoms interact with a common field.
| [
"quant-ph"
] | quant-ph | Quantum Physics | 5,985Quantum Physics
|
|
cond-mat/0503501 | Structure and dielectric characterization were performed on the
(1-x)La(Mg1/2Ti1/2)O3 - xLa2/3TiO3 perovskite ceramics with the actual
composition 0<=x<=0.52. The sequence of structure transformations was detected
as x is increased: P21/n (0<=x<0.3) - Pnma (0.3<=x<0.37) - Imma (0.37<=x<0.4) -
I2/a (0.4<=x<=0.49) - R-3c (0.49<x<=0.52). The structure evolution from the
tilt configuration a+b-b- to a-a-a- are considered in terms of competing the
repulsive energy and the Madelung energy. Relative permittivity of the ceramics
was measured as a function of temperature and LT content. Temperature
coefficient of the resonant frequency was found to pass zero-value at the
narrow compositional range between x=0.49 and 0.52, where the discontinuous
I2/a - R-3c crossover occurs. Temperature and compositional variation of these
fundamental microwave dielectric parameters are discussed in respect to type of
the phase transitions (continuous/discontinuous) between the structures.
| [
"cond-mat.mtrl-sci"
] | cond-mat.mtrl-sci | Materials Science | 4,287Materials Science
|
|
2004.14507 | Open-domain dialogue generation suffers from the data insufficiency problem
due to the vast size of potential responses. In this paper, we propose to
explore potential responses by counterfactual reasoning. Given an observed
response, the counterfactual reasoning model automatically infers the outcome
of an alternative policy that could have been taken. The resulting
counterfactual response synthesized in hindsight is of higher quality than the
response synthesized from scratch. Training on the counterfactual responses
under the adversarial learning framework helps to explore the high-reward area
of the potential response space. An empirical study on the DailyDialog dataset
shows that our approach significantly outperforms the HRED model as well as the
conventional adversarial learning approaches.
| [
"cs.LG",
"cs.AI",
"cs.CL"
] | cs.LG | cs.AI | Machine Learning;Artificial Intelligence;Computation and Language | 3,898Machine Learning;Artificial Intelligence;Computation and Language
|
1801.03674 | Free energy profile (FE Profile) is an essential quantity for the estimation
of reaction rate and the validation of reaction mechanism. For chemical
reactions in condensed phase or enzymatic reactions, the computation of FE
profile at ab initio (ai) quantum mechanical/molecular mechanics (QM/MM) level
is still far too expensive. Semiempirical (SE) method can be hundreds or
thousands of times faster than the ai methods. However, the accuracy of SE
methods is often unsatisfactory, due to the approximations that have been
adopted in these methods. In this work, we proposed a new method termed
MBAR+wTP, in which the ai QM/MM free energy profile is computed by a weighted
thermodynamic perturbation (TP) correction to the SE profile generated by the
multistate Bennett acceptance ratio (MBAR) analysis of the trajectories from
umbrella samplings (US). The weight factors used in the TP calculations are a
byproduct of the MBAR analysis in the post-processing of the US trajectories,
which are often discarded after the free energy calculations. The results show
that this approach can enhance the efficiency of ai FE profile calculations by
several orders of magnitude.
| [
"physics.comp-ph",
"physics.chem-ph"
] | physics.comp-ph | physics.chem-ph | Computational Physics;Chemical Physics | 1,391Computational Physics;Chemical Physics
|
0905.3671 | Game theory formalizes certain interactions between physical particles or
between living beings in biology, sociology, and economics, and quantifies the
outcomes by payoffs. The prisoner's dilemma (PD) describes situations in which
it is profitable if everybody cooperates rather than defects (free-rides or
cheats), but as cooperation is risky and defection is tempting, the expected
outcome is defection. Nevertheless, some biological and social mechanisms can
support cooperation by effectively transforming the payoffs. Here, we study the
related phase transitions, which can be of first order (discontinous) or of
second order (continuous), implying a variety of different routes to
cooperation. After classifying the transitions into cases of equilibrium
displacement, equilibrium selection, and equilibrium creation, we show that a
transition to cooperation may take place even if the stationary states and the
eigenvalues of the replicator equation for the PD stay unchanged. Our example
is based on adaptive group pressure, which makes the payoffs dependent on the
endogeneous dynamics in the population. The resulting bistability can invert
the expected outcome in favor of cooperation.
| [
"physics.soc-ph"
] | physics.soc-ph | Physics and Society | 5,463Physics and Society
|
|
0905.3140 | We show that complementary series of SO(n,1) which are sufficiently close to
a cohomological representation in the Fell topology, upon restriction to
SO(n-1,1), contain discretely, complementary series for SO(n-1,1) which are
also sufficiently close to cohomological representations.
As a global application, we show that if the non-zero eigenvalues of the
Laplacian for differential forms of middle degree on congruence quotients of
the hyperbolic n-space remain bounded away from zero (for all even n), then
nonzero eigenvalues of the Laplacian on forms of arbitrary degree remain bonded
away from zero; this reduces conjectures of Clozel and Bergeron to the case of
middle degree forms.
| [
"math.RT",
"math.GR"
] | math.RT | math.GR | Representation Theory;Group Theory | 6,253Representation Theory;Group Theory
|
math/0505636 | We solve some recurrences given by E. Munarini and N. Zagaglia Salvi proving
explicit closed formulas for Whitney numbers of the distributive lattices of
order ideals of the fence poset and crown poset. Moreover, we get explicit
closed formulas for Whitney numbers of lattices of order ideals of fences with
higher asymmetric peaks.
| [
"math.CO"
] | math.CO | Combinatorics | 1,014Combinatorics
|
|
physics/0301069 | However, the observations encompassed by classical physics excludes the
observer from the physical reality, yet the deep-down understandung of nature
--{\it the quantum theory}-- can not avoid the intrusion of observer into the
measurement process. Indeed, the quantum physics experiments have knocked the
door of a new paradigm: in which science of consciousness is an important
axiom. In the present work, it is argued --by taking into account of the views
of learned scientists and philosophers-- that modern science is incomplete and
lacking something in the basic understanding of nature \cite{r}. Classical
physics has failed to explain the dynamics of the microscopic particles,
eventhough modern scientific researches are based upon the prejudice posed by
classical physics: keeping the outer physical universe as a separate entity,
that is something quite independent of the observer --human mind. One should
not forget that human-being is a part of nature and human mind is an essential
component of our observations. Basically, it is the observer --the
consciousness-- which makes perception possible. The working of human mind must
be included in our scientific theories. In fact, human free will is an illusion
and nothing in the entire universe (with life) lies outside the domain of
science and determinism.
| [
"physics.gen-ph"
] | physics.gen-ph | General Physics | 2,645General Physics
|
|
hep-ph/9501281 | We calculate the next-to-leading QCD corrections to the effective Hamiltonian
for \Bsee in the NDR and HV schemes. We give for the first time analytic
expressions for the Wilson Coefficient of the operator $Q_9 = (\bar s
b)_{V-A}(\bar e e)_V$ in the NDR and HV schemes. Calculating the relevant
matrix elements of local operators in the spectator model we demonstrate the
scheme independence of the resulting short distance contribution to the
physical amplitude. Keeping consistently only leading and next-to-leading
terms, we find an analytic formula for the differential dilepton invariant mass
distribution in the spectator model. Numerical analysis of the $\mt$, $\Lms$
and $\mu \approx {\cal O}(\mb)$ dependences of this formula is presented. We
compare our results with those given in the literature.
| [
"hep-ph"
] | hep-ph | High Energy Physics - Phenomenology | 3,129High Energy Physics - Phenomenology
|
|
1207.2049 | We study geometric and energetic factors that partake in modifying properties
of polymeric melts via inserting well-dispersed nanoscopic particles (NP).
Model systems are polybutadiene melts including 10-150 atom atomic clusters
(0.1-1.5% v/v). We tune interactions between chains and particle by van der
Waals terms. Using molecular dynamics we study equilibrium fluctuations and
dynamical properties at the interface. Effect of bead size and interaction
strength both on volume and volumetric fluctuations is manifested in mechanical
properties, quantified here by bulk modulus, K. Tuning NP size and non-bonded
interactions results in ~15% enhancement in K by addition of a maximum of 1.5%
v/v NP.
| [
"cond-mat.soft"
] | cond-mat.soft | Soft Condensed Matter | 6,537Soft Condensed Matter
|
|
2312.06115 | Neutron transmission experiments can offer a new type of highly sensitive
search for time-reversal invariance violating (TRIV) effects in nucleon-nucleon
interactions via the same enhancement mechanism observed for large parity
violating (PV) effects in neutron-induced compound nuclear processes. In these
compound processes, the TRIV cross-section is given as the product of the PV
cross-section, a spin-factor $\kappa$, and a ratio of TRIV and PV matrix
elements. We determined $\kappa$ to be $0.59\pm0.05$ for $^{139}$La+$n$ using
both $(n, \gamma)$ spectroscopy and ($\vec{n}+^{139}\vec{\rm La}$)
transmission. This result quantifies for the first time the high sensitivity of
the $^{139}$La 0.75~eV $p$-wave resonance in a future search for P-odd/T-odd
interactions in ($\vec{n}+^{139}\vec{\rm La}$) forward transmission.
| [
"nucl-ex",
"hep-ex"
] | nucl-ex | hep-ex | Nuclear Experiment;High Energy Physics - Experiment | 4,863Nuclear Experiment;High Energy Physics - Experiment
|
hep-ph/0201032 | We study the discovery potential for detecting new neutral heavy Majorana
leptons as suggested by some extentions of the Standard Model in recently
proposed electron-proton colliders. Since 1998-1999 the option of an
electron-proton collider for the Very Large Hadron Collider at Fermilab
operating with the proton booster has been considered. We study the reaction
$e^{-}p \longrightarrow e^{+}+ jets$ and present estimates for the signal and
Standard Model background including hadronization.
| [
"hep-ph"
] | hep-ph | High Energy Physics - Phenomenology | 3,129High Energy Physics - Phenomenology
|
|
2101.02525 | Assessing the likelihood that the rotation curve of a galaxy matches
predictions from galaxy formation simulations requires that the uncertainties
in the circular speed as a function of radius derived from the observational
data be statistically robust. Few uncertainties presented in the literature
meet this requirement. In this paper we present a new standalone tool, makemap,
that estimates the fitted velocity at each pixel from Gauss-Hermite fits to a
3D spectral data cube, together with its uncertainty obtained from a modified
bootstrap procedure. We apply this new tool to neutral hydrogen spectra for 18
galaxies from the THINGS sample, and present new velocity maps with
uncertainties. We propagate the estimated uncertainties in the velocity map
into our previously-described model fitting tool DiskFit to derive new rotation
curves. The uncertainties we obtain from these fits take into account not only
the observational errors, but also uncertainties in the fitted systemic
velocity, position of the rotation centre, inclination of the galaxy to the
line of sight, and forced non-circular motion. They are therefore much
better-defined than values that have previously been available. Our estimated
uncertainties on the circular speeds differ from previous estimates by factors
ranging up to of five, being smaller in some cases and larger in others. We
conclude that kinematic models of well-resolved HI datasets vary widely in
their precision and reliability, and therefore potentially in their value for
comparisons with predictions from cosmological galaxy formation simulations.
| [
"astro-ph.GA"
] | astro-ph.GA | Astrophysics of Galaxies | 464Astrophysics of Galaxies
|
|
2303.05629 | Crowdsourcing wireless energy is a novel and convenient solution to charge
nearby IoT devices. Several applications have been proposed to enable
peer-to-peer wireless energy charging. However, none of them considered the
energy efficiency of the wireless transfer of energy. In this paper, we propose
an energy estimation framework that predicts the actual received energy. Our
framework uses two machine learning algorithms, namely XGBoost and Neural
Network, to estimate the received energy. The result shows that the Neural
Network model is better than XGBoost at predicting the received energy. We
train and evaluate our models by collecting a real wireless energy dataset.
| [
"cs.NI",
"cs.DC",
"cs.LG"
] | cs.NI | cs.DC | Networking and Internet Architecture;Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing;Machine Learning | 4,729Networking and Internet Architecture;Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing;Machine Learning
|
1511.07162 | Several variants of hypergraph products have been introduced as
generalizations of the strong and direct products of graphs. Here we show that
only some of them are associative. In addition to the Cartesian product, these
are the minimal rank preserving direct product, and the normal product.
Counter-examples are given for the strong product as well as the
non-rank-preserving and the maximal rank preserving direct product.
| [
"math.CO"
] | math.CO | Combinatorics | 1,014Combinatorics
|
|
0812.3649 | One of the goals of the AIRFLY (AIR FLuorescence Yield) experiment is to
measure the absolute fluorescence yield induced by electrons in air to better
than 10% precision. We introduce a new technique for measurement of the
absolute fluorescence yield of the 337 nm line that has the advantage of
reducing the systematic uncertainty due to the detector calibration. The
principle is to compare the measured fluorescence yield to a well known process
- the Cerenkov emission. Preliminary measurements taken in the BFT (Beam Test
Facility) in Frascati, Italy with 350 MeV electrons are presented. Beam tests
in the Argonne Wakefield Accelerator at the Argonne National Laboratory, USA
with 14 MeV electrons have also shown that this technique can be applied at
lower energies.
| [
"astro-ph"
] | astro-ph | Astrophysics | 463Astrophysics
|
|
astro-ph/0404590 | We revisit the computation of a "snow line" in a passive protoplanetary disk
during the stage of planetesimal formation. We examine how shadowing and
illumination in the vicinity of a planet affects where in the disk ice can
form, making use of our method for calculating radiative transfer on disk
perturbations with some improvements on the model. We adopt a model for the
unperturbed disk structure that is more consistent with observations and use
opacities for reprocessed dust instead of interstellar medium dust. We use the
improved disk model to calculate the temperature variation for a range of
planet masses and distances and find that planets at the gap-opening threshold
can induce temperature variations of up to +/-30%. Temperature variations this
significant may have ramifications for planetary accretion rates and migration
rates. We discuss in particular the effect of temperature variations near the
sublimation point of water, since the formation of ice can enhance the
accretion rate of disk material onto a planet. Shadowing effects can cool the
disk enough that ice will form closer to the star than previously expected,
effectively moving the snow line inward.
| [
"astro-ph"
] | astro-ph | Astrophysics | 463Astrophysics
|
|
2305.08513 | The classification of algebraic structures and their derivations is an
important and ongoing research area in mathematics and physics, and various
results have been obtained in this field. This article presents the
classification of tridendriform algebras that was first studied by Loday and
Ronco, including an analysis of structure constant equations using computer
algebra software. We further explicitly classify the derivations and centroids
of tridendriform algebras, showing that there are only trivial derivations for
$2$- and $3$-dimensional algebras but $21$ non-isomorphic derivations for
$4$-dimensional tridendriform algebras with dimension range from $1$ to $5$.
Additionally, for centroids (centroid and quasi-centroid), there are trivial
isomorphism classes for $2$ dimensional tridendriform algebra, $6$
non-isomorphic classes for $3$-dimensional tridendriform algebras and $21$ for
$4$-dimensional algebras. The dimensions range for centroid is from $1$ to $5$,
whereas it is from $1$ to $10$ for quasi-centroid.
| [
"math.RA"
] | math.RA | Rings and Algebras | 6,272Rings and Algebras
|
|
1908.04423 | Although the linear method is one of the most robust algorithms for
optimizing non-linearly parametrized wavefunctions in variational Monte Carlo,
it suffers from a memory bottleneck due to the fact at each optimization step a
generalized eigenvalue problem is solved in which the Hamiltonian and overlap
matrices are stored in memory. Here we demonstrate that by applying the
Jacobi-Davidson algorithm, one can solve the generalized eigenvalue problem
iteratively without having to build and store the matrices in question. The
resulting direct linear method greatly lowers the cost and improves the scaling
of the algorithm with respect to the number of parameters. To further improve
the efficiency of optimization for wavefunctions with a large number of
parameters, we use the first order method AMSGrad far from the minimum as it is
very inexpensive, and only switch to the direct linear method near the end of
the optimization where methods such as AMSGrad have long convergence tails. We
apply this improved optimizer to various wavefunctions with both real and
orbital space Jastrow factors for atomic systems such as Beryllium and Neon,
molecular systems such as the Carbon dimer and Iron(II) Porphyrin, and model
systems such as the Hubbard model and Hydrogen chains.
| [
"cond-mat.str-el",
"physics.chem-ph"
] | cond-mat.str-el | physics.chem-ph | Strongly Correlated Electrons;Chemical Physics | 6,982Strongly Correlated Electrons;Chemical Physics
|
hep-th/0101201 | The lagrangian description of irreducible massless representations of the
Poincare group with the corresponding Young tableaux having two rows along with
some explicit examples including the notoph and Weyl tensor is given. For this
purpose is used the method of the BRST constructions adopted to the systems of
second class constraints by the construction of an auxiliary representations of
the algebras of constraints in terms of Verma modules.
| [
"hep-th"
] | hep-th | High Energy Physics - Theory | 3,266High Energy Physics - Theory
|
|
2207.09718 | We study the emergence of Berezinskii-Kosterlitz-Thouless (BKT) phases in
(PbTiO$_3$)$_3$/(SrTiO$_3$)$_3$ superlattices by means of second-principles
simulations. Beyond a threshold tensile epitaxial strain of $\epsilon = 0.25
\%$ the local dipole moments within the superlattices are confined to the
film-plane, and thus the polarization can be effectively considered as
two-dimensional. The analysis of the decay of the dipole-dipole correlation
with the distance, together with the study of the density of defects and its
distribution as function of temperature, supports the existence of a BKT phase
in a range of temperature mediating the ordered ferroelectric (stable at low
$T$), and the disordered paraelectric phase that appears beyond a critical
temperature $T_{\rm BKT}$. This BKT phase is characterized by quasi-long-range
order (whose signature is a power-law decay of the correlations with the
distance), and the emergence of tightly bounded vortex-antivortex pairs whose
density is determined by a thermal activation process. The proposed
PbTiO$_{3}$/SrTiO$_{3}$ superlattice model and the imposed mechanical boundary
conditions are both experimentally feasible, opening the door for the first
experimental observation of these new topological phases in ferroelectric
materials.
| [
"cond-mat.mtrl-sci"
] | cond-mat.mtrl-sci | Materials Science | 4,287Materials Science
|
|
math/0605686 | To any action of a locally compact group $G$ on a pair $(A,B)$ of von Neumann
algebras is canonically associated a pair $(\pi\_A^{\alpha}, \pi\_B^{\alpha})$
of unitary representations of $G$. The purpose of this paper is to provide
results allowing to compare the norms of the operators $\pi\_A^{\alpha}(\mu)$
and $\pi\_B^{\alpha}(\mu)$ for bounded measures $\mu$ on $G$. We have a twofold
aim. First to point out that several known facts in ergodic and representation
theory are indeed particular cases of general results about $(\pi\_A^{\alpha},
\pi\_B^{\alpha})$. Second, under amenability assumptions, to obtain
transference of inequalities that will be useful in noncommutative ergodic
theory.
| [
"math.OA"
] | math.OA | Operator Algebras | 5,107Operator Algebras
|
|
1003.1912 | We perform a model-independent classification of Weakly Interacting Massive
Particle (WIMP) dark matter candidates that have the property that their
scattering off nucleons is dominated by spin-dependent interactions. We study
renormalizable theories where the scattering of dark matter is elastic and
arises at tree-level. We show that if the WIMP-nucleon cross section is
dominated by spin-dependent interactions the natural dark matter candidates are
either Majorana fermions or real vector bosons, so that the dark matter
particle is its own anti-particle. In such a scenario, scalar dark matter is
disfavored. Dirac fermion and complex vector boson dark matter are also
disfavored, except for very specific choices of quantum numbers. We further
establish that any such theory must contain either new particles close to the
weak scale with Standard Model quantum numbers, or alternatively, a $Z'$ gauge
boson with mass at or below the TeV scale. In the region of parameter space
that is of interest to current direct detection experiments, these particles
naturally lie in a mass range that is kinematically accessible to the Large
Hadron Collider (LHC).
| [
"hep-ph"
] | hep-ph | High Energy Physics - Phenomenology | 3,129High Energy Physics - Phenomenology
|
|
2004.06863 | Mathematical models of diffusive transport underpin our understanding of
chemical, biochemical and biological transport phenomena. Analysis of such
models often focusses on relatively simple geometries and deals with diffusion
through highly idealised homogeneous media. In contrast, practical applications
of diffusive transport theory inevitably involve dealing with more complicated
geometries as well as dealing with heterogeneous media. One of the most
fundamental properties of diffusive transport is the concept of mean particle
lifetime or mean exit time, which are particular applications of the concept of
first passage time, and provide the mean time required for a diffusing particle
to reach an absorbing boundary. Most formal analysis of mean particle lifetime
applies to relatively simple geometries, often with homogeneous
(spatially-invariant) material properties. In this work, we present a general
framework that provides exact mathematical insight into the mean particle
lifetime, and higher moments of particle lifetime, for point particles
diffusing in heterogeneous discs and spheres with radial symmetry. Our analysis
applies to geometries with an arbitrary number and arrangement of distinct
layers, where transport in each layer is characterised by a distinct
diffusivity. We obtain exact closed-form expressions for the mean particle
lifetime for a diffusing particle released at an arbitrary location and we
generalise these results to give exact, closed-form expressions for any
higher-order moment of particle lifetime for a range of different boundary
conditions. Finally, using these results we construct new homogenization
formulae that provide an accurate simplified description of diffusion through
heterogeneous discs and spheres.
| [
"physics.bio-ph",
"physics.comp-ph"
] | physics.bio-ph | physics.comp-ph | Biological Physics;Computational Physics | 684Biological Physics;Computational Physics
|
0707.3732 | Ananda Mohan suggested that the first New Chinese Remainder Theorem
introduced by Wang can be derived from the constructive proof of the well-known
Chinese Remainder Theorem (CRT) and claimed that Wang's approach is the same as
the one proposed earlier by Huang. Ananda Mohan's proof is however erroneous
and we show here that Wang's New CRT I is a rewriting of an algorithm
previously sketched by Hitz and Kaltofen.
| [
"cs.OH"
] | cs.OH | Other Computer Science | 5,355Other Computer Science
|
|
1006.2851 | Of the 26 transiting exoplanet systems with measurements of the
Rossiter-McLaughlin (RM) effect, eight have now been found to be significantly
spin-orbit misaligned in the plane of the sky. Unfortunately, the RM effect
only measures the angle between the orbit of a transiting exoplanet and the
spin of its host star projected in the plane of sky, leaving unconstrained the
compliment misalignment angle between the orbit of the planet and the spin of
its host star along the line of sight. I use a simple model of stellar rotation
benchmarked with observational data to statistically identify ten exoplanet
systems from a sample of 75 for which there is likely a significant degree of
misalignment along the line of sight between the orbit of the planet and the
spin of its host star. I find that HAT-P-7, HAT-P-14, HAT-P-16, HD 17156,
Kepler-5, Kepler-7, TrES-4, WASP-1, WASP-12, and WASP-14 are likely spin-orbit
misaligned along the line of sight. All ten systems have host stellar masses
M_star in the range 1.2 M_sun <= M_star <= 1.5 M_sun, and the probability of
this occurrence by chance is less than one in ten thousand. In addition, the
planets in the candidate misaligned systems are preferentially massive and
eccentric. The coupled distribution of misalignment from the RM effect and from
this anaylsis suggests that transiting exoplanets are more likely to be
spin-orbit aligned than expected given predictions for a transiting planet
population produced entirely by planet-planet scattering or Kozai cycles and
tidal friction. For that reason, there are likely two populations of close-in
exoplanet systems: a population of aligned systems and a population of
apparently misaligned systems in which the processes that lead to misalignment
or to the survival of misaligned systems operate more efficiently in systems
with massive stars and planets. (abridged)
| [
"astro-ph.EP",
"astro-ph.SR"
] | astro-ph.EP | astro-ph.SR | Earth and Planetary Astrophysics;Solar and Stellar Astrophysics | 2,390Earth and Planetary Astrophysics;Solar and Stellar Astrophysics
|
1303.5320 | The electronic structure of vanadium sesquioxide in its different phases has
been calculated using the screened exchange (sX) hybrid functional. The hybrid
functional reproduces the electronic properties of all three phases, the
paramagnetic metal (PM) phase, the anti-ferromagnetic insulating phase, and the
Cr-doped paramagnetic insulating (PI) phase. A fully relaxed supercell model of
Cr-doped V2O3 has a polaronic distortion around the substitutional Cr atoms and
this local strain drives the PI-PM transition. The PI phase has a calculated
band gap of 0.15eV in good agreement with experiment.
| [
"cond-mat.str-el"
] | cond-mat.str-el | Strongly Correlated Electrons | 6,979Strongly Correlated Electrons
|
|
0807.4493 | We present a search for the Higgs boson in the process $q\bar{q} \to ZH \to
\ell^+\ell^- b\bar{b}$. The analysis uses an integrated luminosity of 1
fb$^{-1}$ of $p\bar{p}$ collisions produced at $\sqrt{s} =$ 1.96 TeV and
accumulated by the upgraded Collider Detector at Fermilab (CDF II). We employ
artificial neural networks both to correct jets mismeasured in the calorimeter,
and to distinguish the signal kinematic distributions from those of the
background. We see no evidence for Higgs boson production, and set 95% CL upper
limits on $\sigma_{ZH} \cdot {\cal B}(H \to b\bar{b}$), ranging from 1.5 pb to
1.2 pb for a Higgs boson mass ($m_H$) of 110 to 150 GeV/$c^2$.
| [
"hep-ex"
] | hep-ex | High Energy Physics - Experiment | 3,059High Energy Physics - Experiment
|
|
1106.4912 | Let K be a p-adic field (a finite extension of some Q_p) and let K(t) be the
field of rational functions over K. We define a kind of quadratic reciprocity
symbol for polynomials over K and apply it to prove isotropy for a certain
class of quadratic forms over K(t). Using this result, we give an existential
definition for the predicate "v_t(x) >= 0" in K(t). This implies undecidability
of diophantine equations over K(t).
| [
"math.LO",
"math.NT"
] | math.LO | math.NT | Logic;Number Theory | 3,878Logic;Number Theory
|
0811.1711 | This paper investigates the use of different Artificial Intelligence methods
to predict the values of several continuous variables from a Steam Generator.
The objective was to determine how the different artificial intelligence
methods performed in making predictions on the given dataset. The artificial
intelligence methods evaluated were Neural Networks, Support Vector Machines,
and Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference Systems. The types of neural networks
investigated were Multi-Layer Perceptions, and Radial Basis Function. Bayesian
and committee techniques were applied to these neural networks. Each of the AI
methods considered was simulated in Matlab. The results of the simulations
showed that all the AI methods were capable of predicting the Steam Generator
data reasonably accurately. However, the Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference system
out performed the other methods in terms of accuracy and ease of
implementation, while still achieving a fast execution time as well as a
reasonable training time.
| [
"cs.AI"
] | cs.AI | Artificial Intelligence | 361Artificial Intelligence
|
|
1801.04800 | In the general theory of relativity, gravitational waves have two possible
polarizations, which are transverse and traceless with helicity $\pm 2$. Some
alternatives theories contain additional helicity $0$ and helicity $\pm 1$
polarization modes. Here, we consider a hypothetical "pure vector" theory in
which gravitational waves have only two possible polarizations, with helicity
$\pm 1$. We show that if these polarizations are allowed to rotate as the wave
propagates, then for certain source locations on the sky, the strain outputs of
three ideal interferometric gravitational wave detectors can exactly reproduce
the strain outputs predicted by general relativity.
| [
"gr-qc",
"astro-ph.CO"
] | gr-qc | astro-ph.CO | General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology;Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics | 2,701General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology;Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics
|
1511.04390 | Cryogenic liquids, particularly liquid xenon and argon, are of interest as
detector media for experiments in nuclear and particle physics. Here we present
a new detector diagnostic technique using piezoelectric sensors to detect
bubbling of the liquid. Bubbling can indicate locations of excess heat
dissipation e.g., in immersed electronics. They can also interfere with normal
event evolution by scattering of light or by interrupting the drift of
ionization charge. In our test apparatus, four sensors are placed in the vacuum
space of a double-walled dewar of liquid nitrogen and used to detect and locate
a source of bubbling inside the liquid volume. Utilizing the differences in
transmitted frequencies through the different media present in the experiment,
we find that sound traveling in a direct path from the source to the sensor can
be isolated with appropriate filtering. The location of the source is then
reconstructed using the time difference of arrivals (TDOA) information. The
reconstruction algorithm is shown to have a 95.8% convergence rate and
reconstructed positions are self-consistent to an average +/-0.5cm around the
mean in x, y, and z. Systematic effects are observed to cause errors in
reconstruction when bubbles occur very close to the surfaces of the liquid
volume.
| [
"physics.ins-det",
"hep-ex"
] | physics.ins-det | hep-ex | Instrumentation and Detectors;High Energy Physics - Experiment | 3,647Instrumentation and Detectors;High Energy Physics - Experiment
|
2305.14512 | In this paper the robust cooperative output regulation problem for
multi-agent systems (MAS) with general heterodirectional hyperbolic PIDE-ODE
agents is considered. This setup also covers networks of ODEs with arbitrarily
long input and output delays. The output of the agents can be defined at all
boundaries, in-domain and may depend on the ODE state, while disturbances act
on the agents in-domain, at the boundaries, the output and the ODE. The
communication network is described by a constant digraph and if its Laplacian
is reducible, then heterogeneous agents are permitted also in the nominal case.
The solution is based on the cooperative internal model principle, which
requires to include a diffusively driven internal model in the controller. The
corresponding state feedback regulator design starts with a local backstepping
stabilization of the coupled hyperbolic PIDE-ODE systems. It is shown that the
remaining simultaneous stabilization of the MAS can be traced back to the
simultaneous stabilization of the finite-dimensional cooperative internal
model. Solvability conditions in terms of the network topology and the agents
transfer behavior are presented. The new design method is applied to the
formation control of a platoon of uncertain heavy ropes carrying loads to
verify its applicability. Simulations confirm the synchronization performance
achieved by the resulting networked controller.
| [
"math.OC",
"cs.SY",
"eess.SY"
] | math.OC | cs.SY | Optimization and Control;Systems and Control;Systems and Control | 5,352Optimization and Control;Systems and Control;Systems and Control
|
2009.05833 | We prove a Kunneth theorem for the Vietoris-Rips homology and cohomology of a
semi-uniform space. We then interpret this result for graphs, where we show
that the Kunneth theorem holds for graphs with respect to the strong graph
product. We finish by computing the Vietoris-Rips cohomology of the torus
endowed with diferent semi-uniform structures.
| [
"math.AT",
"cs.CG",
"math.CO"
] | math.AT | cs.CG | Algebraic Topology;Computational Geometry;Combinatorics | 7,267longtail
|
2104.05770 | We describe recent work on the physics of the Higgs boson at future muon
colliders. Starting from the low energy muon collider at the Higgs boson pole
we extend our discussion to the multi-TeV muon collider and outline the physics
case for such machines about the properties of the Higgs boson and physics
beyond the Standard Model that can be possibly discovered.
| [
"hep-ph",
"hep-ex"
] | hep-ph | hep-ex | High Energy Physics - Phenomenology;High Energy Physics - Experiment | 3,198High Energy Physics - Phenomenology;High Energy Physics - Experiment
|
astro-ph/9805171 | We consider the mass distribution of the nine unseen companions orbiting
solar-type stars with minimum possible masses in the planetary mass range
reported as of March 1998. We compare the mass distribution of these nine
extrasolar planet candidates with the distribution of low-mass secondaries in
spectroscopic binaries. We choose to use a logarithmic scale to study the
combined mass distribution, because of the large range of masses, 0.5-300
Jupiter masses, involved.
Although the results are based on a very small number of systems, the
combined distribution looks different at the high- and low-ends. At the
high-mass end the distribution drops steeply from 200 to 20 Jupiter masses. At
the planetary range of masses the distribution is flat, and might even rise
mildly from, say, 20 to 0.6 Jupiter masses, depending on the assumed detection
threshold for the precise surveys. The transition region between the two slopes
is at about 10-30 Jupiter masses.
One possible interpretation of this result is that we have here two different
populations. Maybe the lower-mass population was formed like planets, out of an
accretion disc, while the high-mass population was formed like binary stars. If
the shape of the combined distribution can be verified by many more detections,
and if the planetary-mass objects prove to be extrasolar planets, this can give
us the long-sought clue for how to distinguish planets from low-mass stellar
companions.
| [
"astro-ph"
] | astro-ph | Astrophysics | 463Astrophysics
|
|
1209.4028 | Some years ago Szab\'o and Fine proposed a {\it local} hidden variable theory
for the GHZ experiment based on the assumption that "the detection efficiency
is not (only) the effect of random errors in the detector equipment, but it is
a more fundamental phenomenon, the manifestation of a predetermined hidden
property of the particles". Szab\'o and Fine, however, did not provide a
general approach to quantum phenomena which avoids nonlocality. Such an
approach, based on the same assumption, was instead recently supplied by some
of us and called {\it extended semantic realism} ({\it ESR}) model. We show
here that one can extract from the ESR model several local finite models
referring to the specific physical situation considered in the GHZ experiment,
and that these models can be converted into the toy models for the GHZ
experiment worked out by Szab\'o and Fine.
| [
"quant-ph"
] | quant-ph | Quantum Physics | 5,985Quantum Physics
|
|
hep-ph/9203220 | By evolution of fermion mass matrices of the Fritzsch and the Georgi-Jarlskog
forms from the supersymmetric grand unified scale, DHR obtained predictions for
the quark masses and mixings. Using Monte Carlo methods we test these
predictions against the latest determinations of the mixings, the CP-violating
parameter epsilon_K and the B_d^0--Bbar_d^0 mixing parameter r_d. The
acceptable solutions closely specify the quark masses and mixings, but lie at
the edges of allowed regions at 90% confidence level.
| [
"hep-ph"
] | hep-ph | High Energy Physics - Phenomenology | 3,129High Energy Physics - Phenomenology
|
|
1012.2964 | Some theorems on derivatives of the Coulomb density functional with respect
to the coupling constant $\lambda$ are given. Consider an electron density
$n_{GS}({\bf r})$ given by a ground state. A model Fermion system with the
reduced coupling constant, $\lambda<1$, is defined to reproduce $n_{GS}({\bf
r})$ and the ground state energy. Fixing the charge density, possible phase
transitions as level crossings detected in a value of the reduced density
functional happen only at discrete points along the $\lambda$ axis. If the
density is $v$-representable also for $\lambda<1$, accumulation of phase
transition points is forbidden when $\lambda\rightarrow 1$. Relevance of the
theorems for the multi-reference density functional theory is discussed.
| [
"cond-mat.stat-mech",
"cond-mat.mtrl-sci"
] | cond-mat.stat-mech | cond-mat.mtrl-sci | Statistical Mechanics;Materials Science | 6,913Statistical Mechanics;Materials Science
|
2105.05628 | Very recently, the construction of twist actuators from magnetorheological
gels and elastomers has been suggested. These materials consist of magnetizable
colloidal particles embedded in a soft elastic polymeric environment. The twist
actuation is enabled by a net chirality of the internal particle arrangement.
Upon magnetization by a homogeneous external magnetic field, the systems
feature an overall torsional deformation around the magnetization direction.
Starting from a discrete minimal mesoscopic model set-up we work towards a
macroscopic characterization. The two scales are linked by identifying
expressions for the macroscopic system parameters as functions of the
mesoscopic model parameters. In this way, the observed behavior of a
macroscopic system can in principle be mapped to and illustratively be
understood from an appropriate mesoscopic picture. Our results apply equally
well to corresponding soft electrorheological gels and elastomers.
| [
"cond-mat.soft",
"cond-mat.mtrl-sci"
] | cond-mat.soft | cond-mat.mtrl-sci | Soft Condensed Matter;Materials Science | 6,577Soft Condensed Matter;Materials Science
|
1501.04427 | There has been rapid development of systems that yield strong interactions
between freely propagating photons in one dimension via controlled coupling to
quantum emitters. This raises interesting possibilities such as quantum
information processing with photons or quantum many-body states of light, but
treating such systems generally remains a difficult task theoretically. Here,
we describe a novel technique in which the dynamics and correlations of a few
photons can be exactly calculated, based upon knowledge of the initial photonic
state and the solution of the reduced effective dynamics of the quantum
emitters alone. We show that this generalized "input-output" formalism allows
for a straightforward numerical implementation regardless of system details,
such as emitter positions, external driving, and level structure. As a specific
example, we apply our technique to show how atomic systems with infinite-range
interactions and under conditions of electromagnetically induced transparency
enable the selective transmission of correlated multi-photon states.
| [
"quant-ph"
] | quant-ph | Quantum Physics | 5,985Quantum Physics
|
|
1708.06849 | We present an analysis of the global stellar populations of galaxies in the
SAMI Galaxy Survey. Our sample consists of 1319 galaxies spanning four orders
of magnitude in stellar mass and includes all morphologies and environments. We
derive luminosity-weighted, single stellar population equivalent stellar ages,
metallicities and alpha enhancements from spectra integrated within one
effective radius apertures. Variations in galaxy size explain the majority of
the scatter in the age--mass and metallicity--mass relations. Stellar
populations vary systematically in the plane of galaxy size and stellar mass,
such that galaxies with high stellar surface mass density are older, more
metal-rich and alpha-enhanced than less dense galaxies. Galaxies with high
surface mass densities have a very narrow range of metallicities, however, at
fixed mass, the spread in metallicity increases substantially with increasing
galaxy size (decreasing density). We identify residual correlations with
morphology and environment. At fixed mass and size, galaxies with late-type
morphologies, small bulges and low Sersic n are younger than early-type, high
n, high bulge-to-total galaxies. Age and metallicity both show small residual
correlations with environment; at fixed mass and size, galaxies in denser
environments or more massive halos are older and somewhat more metal rich than
those in less dense environments. We connect these trends to evolutionary
tracks within the size--mass plane.
| [
"astro-ph.GA"
] | astro-ph.GA | Astrophysics of Galaxies | 464Astrophysics of Galaxies
|
|
astro-ph/9801168 | We have investigated the variability of the binary X-ray pulsar, SMC X-1, in
data from several X-ray observatories. We confirm the ~60-day cyclic variation
of the X-ray flux in the long-term monitoring data from the RXTE and CGRO
observatories. X-ray light curves and spectra from the ROSAT, Ginga, and ASCA
observatories show that the uneclipsed flux varies by as much as a factor of
twenty between a high-flux state when 0.71 second pulses are present and a
low-flux state when pulses are absent. In contrast, during eclipses when the
X-rays consist of radiation scattered from circumsource matter, the fluxes and
spectra in the high and low states are approximately the same. These
observations prove that the low state of SMC X-1 is not caused by a reduction
in the intrinsic luminosity of the source, or a spectral redistribution
thereof, but rather by a quasi-periodic blockage of the line of sight, most
likely by a precessing tilted accretion disk. In each of two observations in
the midst of low states a brief increase in the X-ray flux and reappearance of
0.71 second pulses occurred near orbital phase 0.2. These brief increases
result from an opening of the line of sight to the pulsar that may be caused by
wobble in the precessing accretion disk. The records of spin up of the neutron
star and decay of the binary orbit are extended during 1991-1996 by
pulse-timing analysis of ROSAT, ASCA, and RXTE PCA data. The pulse profiles in
various energy ranges from 0.1 to >21 keV are well represented as a combination
of a pencil beam and a fan beam. Finally, there is a marked difference between
the power spectra of random fluctuations in the high-state data from the RXTE
PCA below and above 3.4 keV. Deviation from the fitted power law around 0.06 Hz
may be QPO.
| [
"astro-ph"
] | astro-ph | Astrophysics | 463Astrophysics
|
|
hep-ph/9906268 | We study the FCNC top quark decays t -> c h in the framework of the MSSM,
where h= h^0,H^0,A^0 is any of the supersymmetric neutral Higgs bosons. We
include the leading set of SUSY-QCD and SUSY electroweak contributions. While
the FCNC top quark decay into the SM Higgs boson has such a negligible rate
that will not be accessible to any presently conceivable accelerator, we find
that there is a chance that the potential rates in the MSSM can be measured at
the high luminosity colliders round the corner, especially at the LHC and
possibly at a future LC, but we deem it difficult at the upgraded Tevatron. In
view of the large SUSY-QCD effects that we find in the Higgs channels, and due
to some discrepancies in the literature, we have revisited the FCNC top quark
decay into gluon, t -> c g, in our framework. We confirm that the possibility
of sizeable rates does not necessarily require a general pattern of
gluino-mediated FCNC interactions affecting both the LH and the RH sfermion
sectors -- the LH one being sufficient. However, given the present bounds on
sparticle masses, the gluon channel turns out to lie just below the expected
experimental sensibility, so our general conclusion is that the Higgs channels
t -> c h (especially the one for the light CP-even Higgs) have the largest
potential top quark FCNC rates in the MSSM, namely of order 10^-4.
| [
"hep-ph"
] | hep-ph | High Energy Physics - Phenomenology | 3,129High Energy Physics - Phenomenology
|
|
0705.2866 | An equivalent-multishell approach for the approximate calculation of the
characteristics of electromagnetic waves propagating in almost circular
(azimuthally symmetric), closely packed bundles of parallel, identical, and
metallic carbon nanotubes (CNTs) yields results in reasonably good agreement
with a many-body technique, for infinitely long bundles when the number of CNTs
is moderately high. The slow-wave coefficients for azimunthally symmetric
guided waves increase with the number of metallic CNTs in the bundle, tending
for thick bundles to unity, which is characteristic of macroscopic metallic
wires. The existence of an azimuthally nonsymmetric guided wave at low
frequencies in a bundle of a large number of finite-length CNTs stands in
contrast to the characteristics of guided-wave propagation in a single CNT. The
equivalent-multishell approach yields the polarizability scalar and the antenna
efficiency of a bundle of finite-length CNTs in the long-wavelength regime over
a wide frequency range spanning the terahertz and the near-infrared regimes.
Edge effects give rise to geometric resonances in such bundles.
The antenna efficiency of a CNT bundle at the first resonance can exceed that
of a single CNT by four orders of magnitude, which is promising for the design
and development of CNT-bundle antennas and composite materials containing
CNT-bundles as inclusions.
| [
"cond-mat.mtrl-sci"
] | cond-mat.mtrl-sci | Materials Science | 4,287Materials Science
|
|
hep-th/0210137 | We consider the asymmetric orbifold that is obtained by acting with T-duality
on a 4-torus, together with a shift along an extra circle. The chiral algebra
of the resulting theory has non-trivial outer automorphisms that act as
permutations on its simple factors. These automorphisms play a crucial role for
constructing D-branes that couple to the twisted sector of the orbifold.
| [
"hep-th"
] | hep-th | High Energy Physics - Theory | 3,266High Energy Physics - Theory
|
|
1811.11360 | Convolutions of independent random variables often arise in a natural way in
many applied problems. In this article, we compare convolutions of two sets of
gamma (negative binomial) random variables in the convolution order and the
usual stochastic order in a unified set-up, when the shape and scale parameters
satisfy a partial order called reverse-coupled majorization order. This partial
order is an extension of the majorization order from vectors to pairs of
vectors which also incorporates the arrangement information. The results
established in this article strengthen those known in the literature.
| [
"math.PR"
] | math.PR | Probability | 5,709Probability
|
|
0707.0274 | In models with large extra dimensions, black holes may be produced in
high-energy particle collisions. We revisit the physics of black hole formation
in extensive airshowers from ultrahigh-energy cosmic rays, focusing on
collisional QCD and black hole emissivity effects. New results for rotating
black holes are presented. Monte Carlo simulations show that QCD effects and
black hole spin produce no observable signatures in airshowers. These results
further confirm that the main characteristics of black hole-induced airshowers
do not depend on the fine details of micro black hole models.
| [
"hep-ph",
"astro-ph",
"gr-qc",
"hep-th"
] | hep-ph | astro-ph | High Energy Physics - Phenomenology;Astrophysics;General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology;High Energy Physics - Theory | 3,137High Energy Physics - Phenomenology;Astrophysics;General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology;High Energy Physics - Theory
|
1406.5491 | The double cobar construction of a double suspension comes with a
Connes-Moscovici structure, that is a homotopy G-algebra (or
Gerstenhaber-Voronov algebra) structure together with a particular BV-operator
up to a homotopy. We show that the homology of the double cobar construction of
a double suspension is a free BV-algebra. In characteristic two, a similar
result holds for the underlying $2$-restricted Gerstenhaber algebra. These
facts rely on a formality theorem for the double cobar construction of a double
suspension.
| [
"math.AT"
] | math.AT | Algebraic Topology | 156Algebraic Topology
|
|
hep-ph/9711241 | We calculate the strong decays of hybrid mesons to conventional mesons for
all the lowest lying J^PC hybrids of flavour uu, dd, ss, cc and bb. A decay
operator developed from the heavy quark expansion of quantum chromodynamics is
employed. We show that the selection rule that hybrid mesons do not decay to
identical S-wave mesons, found in other models, is preserved. We predict decays
of charmonium hybrids, discuss decays of J^PC=1^-+ exotic isovector hybrids of
various masses, and interpret the \pi(1800) as a hybrid meson.
| [
"hep-ph"
] | hep-ph | High Energy Physics - Phenomenology | 3,129High Energy Physics - Phenomenology
|
|
1710.04459 | We consider the paradigm of a black box AI system that makes life-critical
decisions. We propose an "arguing machines" framework that pairs the primary AI
system with a secondary one that is independently trained to perform the same
task. We show that disagreement between the two systems, without any knowledge
of underlying system design or operation, is sufficient to arbitrarily improve
the accuracy of the overall decision pipeline given human supervision over
disagreements. We demonstrate this system in two applications: (1) an
illustrative example of image classification and (2) on large-scale real-world
semi-autonomous driving data. For the first application, we apply this
framework to image classification achieving a reduction from 8.0% to 2.8% top-5
error on ImageNet. For the second application, we apply this framework to Tesla
Autopilot and demonstrate the ability to predict 90.4% of system disengagements
that were labeled by human annotators as challenging and needing human
supervision.
| [
"cs.AI",
"cs.RO"
] | cs.AI | cs.RO | Artificial Intelligence;Robotics | 453Artificial Intelligence;Robotics
|
hep-ph/0205041 | Flat manifold leptogenesis a la Affleck-Dine is investigated with the slepton
and Higgs fields, L, H_u, H_d, in the supersymmetric standard model. The
multi-dimensional motion of these scalar fields is realized in the case that
the L H_u and H_u H_d directions are comparably flat with the relevant
non-renormalizable superpotential terms. Soon after the inflation, the lepton
number asymmetry appears to fluctuate due to this multi-dimensional motion
involving certain CP violating phases. Then, it is fixed to some significant
non-zero value for the successful baryogenesis when the scalar fields begin to
oscillate with rotating phases driven by the quartic coupling from the
superpotential term h_e L H_d e^c with h_e \sim 10^-5 - 10^-3. The Hubble
parameter H_osc at this epoch for the completion of leptogenesis is much larger
than the gravitino mass m_3/2 \sim 10^3 GeV. The thermal terms may even play a
cooperative role in this scenario of early leptogenesis. The lightest neutrino
mass can be 10^-4 eV, if the reheating temperature is allowed to be 10^10 GeV.
| [
"hep-ph"
] | hep-ph | High Energy Physics - Phenomenology | 3,129High Energy Physics - Phenomenology
|
|
2208.13337 | Carotid vessel wall segmentation is a crucial yet challenging task in the
computer-aided diagnosis of atherosclerosis. Although numerous deep learning
models have achieved remarkable success in many medical image segmentation
tasks, accurate segmentation of carotid vessel wall on magnetic resonance (MR)
images remains challenging, due to limited annotations and heterogeneous
arteries. In this paper, we propose a semi-supervised label propagation
framework to segment lumen, normal vessel walls, and atherosclerotic vessel
wall on 3D MR images. By interpolating the provided annotations, we get 3D
continuous labels for training 3D segmentation model. With the trained model,
we generate pseudo labels for unlabeled slices to incorporate them for model
training. Then we use the whole MR scans and the propagated labels to re-train
the segmentation model and improve its robustness. We evaluated the label
propagation framework on the CarOtid vessel wall SegMentation and
atherosclerOsis diagnosiS (COSMOS) Challenge dataset and achieved a QuanM score
of 83.41\% on the testing dataset, which got the 1-st place on the online
evaluation leaderboard. The results demonstrate the effectiveness of the
proposed framework.
| [
"eess.IV",
"cs.CV"
] | eess.IV | cs.CV | Image and Video Processing;Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition | 3,532Image and Video Processing;Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition
|
hep-ph/0107218 | In supersymmetric models with explicit breaking of R-parity the lightest
supersymmetric particle (LSP) may be the lightest stau, $\stau_1$. Such a
scenario would provide a clear sign of R-parity violating SUSY, although its
phenomenology may resemble that of a charged Higgs boson, $H^\pm$. We discuss
various ways of distinguishing a LSP $\stau_1$ from $H^\pm$ at future
colliders, and address the case of $\stau_1$ mimicking the signal for $H^\pm$.
As an example we suggest that the recent L3 signal for $H^+H^-\to qq'qq'$ and
$H^+H^-\to qq'\tau\nu_{\tau}$ could be more easily explained by a LSP
$\stau_1$.
| [
"hep-ph",
"hep-ex"
] | hep-ph | hep-ex | High Energy Physics - Phenomenology;High Energy Physics - Experiment | 3,198High Energy Physics - Phenomenology;High Energy Physics - Experiment
|
2104.07577 | Remote and in-situ observations of cometary gases have revealed the presence
of a wealth of complex organic molecules, including carbon chains, alcohols,
imines and the amino acid glycine. Such chemical complexity in cometary
material implies that impacts by comets could have supplied reagents for
prebiotic chemistry to young planetary surfaces. However, the assumption that
some of the molecules observed in cometary comae at millimetre wavelengths
originate from ices stored inside the nucleus has not yet been proven. In fact,
the comae of moderately-active comets reach sufficient densities within a few
thousand kilometers of the nucleus for an active (solar radiation-driven)
photochemistry to ensue. Here we present results from our latest
chemical-hydrodynamic models incorporating an updated reaction network, and
show that the commonly-observed HC3N (cyanoacetylene) and NH2CHO (formamide)
molecules can be efficiently produced in cometary comae as a result of
two-body, neutral-neutral, gas-phase reactions involving well-known coma gases.
In the presence of a near-nucleus distributed source of CN (similar to that
observed by the Rosetta spacecraft at comet 67P), we find that sufficient
HC$_3$N and NH2CHO can be synthesized to match the abundances of these
molecules in previous observations of Oort Cloud comets. The precise origin of
these (and other) complex organic molecules in cometary comae can be verified
through interferometric mapping observations, for example, using the Atacama
Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA).
| [
"astro-ph.EP"
] | astro-ph.EP | Earth and Planetary Astrophysics | 2,351Earth and Planetary Astrophysics
|
|
math/0511714 | We investigate the isolated points in the space of finitely generated groups.
We give a workable characterization of isolated groups and study their
hereditary properties. Various examples of groups are shown to yield isolated
groups. We also discuss a connection between isolated groups and solvability of
the word problem.
| [
"math.GR"
] | math.GR | Group Theory | 2,913Group Theory
|
|
2112.04886 | In this paper, we approach the problem of semantic search by framing the
search task as paraphrase span detection, i.e. given a segment of text as a
query phrase, the task is to identify its paraphrase in a given document, the
same modelling setup as typically used in extractive question answering. On the
Turku Paraphrase Corpus of 100,000 manually extracted Finnish paraphrase pairs
including their original document context, we find that our paraphrase span
detection model outperforms two strong retrieval baselines (lexical similarity
and BERT sentence embeddings) by 31.9pp and 22.4pp respectively in terms of
exact match, and by 22.3pp and 12.9pp in terms of token-level F-score. This
demonstrates a strong advantage of modelling the task in terms of span
retrieval, rather than sentence similarity. Additionally, we introduce a method
for creating artificial paraphrase data through back-translation, suitable for
languages where manually annotated paraphrase resources for training the span
detection model are not available.
| [
"cs.CL"
] | cs.CL | Computation and Language | 1,168Computation and Language
|
|
0707.3045 | We present a systematic theoretical study of the five smallest oligoacenes
(naphthalene, anthracene, tetracene, pentacene, and hexacene) in their
anionic,neutral, cationic, and dicationic charge states. We used density
functional theory (DFT) to obtain the ground-state optimised geometries, and
time-dependent DFT (TD-DFT) to evaluate the electronic absorption spectra.
Total-energy differences enabled us to evaluate the electron affinities and
first and second ionisation energies, the quasiparticle correction to the
HOMO-LUMO energy gap and an estimate of the excitonic effects in the neutral
molecules. Electronic absorption spectra have been computed by combining two
different implementations of TD-DFT: the frequency-space method to study
general trends as a function of charge-state and molecular size for the
lowest-lying in-plane long-polarised and short-polarised $\pi\to\pi^\star$
electronic transitions, and the real-time propagation scheme to obtain the
whole photo-absorption cross-section up to the far-UV. Doubly-ionised PAHs are
found to display strong electronic transitions of $\pi\to\pi^\star$ character
in the near-IR, visible, and near-UV spectral ranges, like their singly-charged
counterparts. While, as expected, the broad plasmon-like structure with its
maximum at about 17-18 eV is relatively insensitive to the charge-state of the
molecule, a systematic decrease with increasing positive charge of the
absorption cross-section between about 6 and about 12 eV is observed for each
member of the class.
| [
"physics.chem-ph"
] | physics.chem-ph | Chemical Physics | 859Chemical Physics
|
|
1402.5415 | Charge-ordered ground states permeate the phenomenology of 3d-based
transition metal oxides, and more generally represent a distinctive hallmark of
strongly-correlated states of matter. The recent discovery of charge order in
various cuprate families fueled new interest into the role played by this
incipient broken symmetry within the complex phase diagram of high-Tc
superconductors. Here we use resonant X-ray scattering to resolve the main
characteristics of the charge-modulated state in two cuprate families: Bi2201
and YBCO. We detect no signatures of spatial modulations along the nodal
direction in Bi2201, thus clarifying the inter-unit-cell momentum-structure of
charge order. We also resolve the intra-unit-cell symmetry of the charge
ordered state, which is revealed to be best represented by a bond-order with
modulated charges on the O-2p orbitals and a prominent d-wave character. These
results provide insights on the microscopic description of charge order in
cuprates, and on its origin and interplay with superconductivity.
| [
"cond-mat.supr-con",
"cond-mat.str-el"
] | cond-mat.supr-con | cond-mat.str-el | Superconductivity;Strongly Correlated Electrons | 7,102Superconductivity;Strongly Correlated Electrons
|
1504.02737 | In particulate systems with short-range interactions, such as granular matter
or simple fluids, local structure plays a pivotal role in determining the
macroscopic physical properties. Here, we analyse local structure metrics
derived from the Voronoi diagram of configurations of oblate ellipsoids, for
various aspect ratios $\alpha$ and global volume fractions $\phi_g$. We focus
on jammed static configurations of frictional ellipsoids, obtained by
tomographic imaging and by discrete element method simulations. In particular,
we consider the local packing fraction $\phi_l$, defined as the particle's
volume divided by its Voronoi cell volume. We find that the probability
$P(\phi_l)$ for a Voronoi cell to have a given local packing fraction shows the
same scaling behaviour as function of $\phi_g$ as observed for random sphere
packs. Surprisingly, this scaling behaviour is further found to be independent
of the particle aspect ratio. By contrast, the typical Voronoi cell shape,
quantified by the Minkowski tensor anisotropy index $\beta=\beta_0^{2,0}$,
points towards a significant difference between random packings of spheres and
those of oblate ellipsoids. While the average cell shape $\beta$ of all cells
with a given value of $\phi_l$ is very similar in dense and loose jammed sphere
packings, the structure of dense and loose ellipsoid packings differs
substantially such that this does not hold true. This non-universality has
implications for our understanding of jamming of aspherical particles.
| [
"cond-mat.soft"
] | cond-mat.soft | Soft Condensed Matter | 6,537Soft Condensed Matter
|
|
2306.17521 | The interactions between individuals play a pivotal role in shaping the
structure and dynamics of social systems. Complex network models have proven
invaluable in uncovering the underlying mechanisms that govern the formation
and evolution of these systems. However, conventional network representations
primarily emphasize pairwise interactions, represented as edges in the network.
In reality, many social interactions occur within groups rather than individual
pairs. To capture this crucial aspect, higher-order network representations
come into play, especially to describe those complex systems that are
inherently composed of agents interacting with group dynamics. Despite recent
research advancements in exploring temporal higher-order networks in various
systems, our understanding of collaboration networks remains limited.
Specifically, there is a lack of knowledge regarding the patterns of group
interactions within scientific collaborations. How do groups form and evolve in
this context? In this study, we aim to delve into the temporal properties of
groups within collaboration networks. Our investigation focuses on uncovering
the mechanisms that govern the global, group, and individual-level dynamics,
shedding light on how individuals collaborate and how groups form and disband
over time. By studying these temporal patterns, we take a significant stride
forward in comprehending the intricate dynamics of higher-order interactions
within human collaboration systems.
| [
"physics.soc-ph"
] | physics.soc-ph | Physics and Society | 5,463Physics and Society
|
|
2107.05549 | Ensemble forecast based on physics-informed models is one of the most widely
used forecast algorithms for complex turbulent systems. A major difficulty in
such a method is the model error that is ubiquitous in practice. Data-driven
machine learning (ML) forecasts can reduce the model error but they often
suffer from the partial and noisy observations. In this paper, a simple but
effective Bayesian machine learning advanced forecast ensemble (BAMCAFE) method
is developed, which combines an available imperfect physics-informed model with
data assimilation (DA) to facilitate the ML ensemble forecast. In the BAMCAFE
framework, a Bayesian ensemble DA is applied to create the training data of the
ML model, which reduces the intrinsic error in the imperfect physics-informed
model simulations and provides the training data of the unobserved variables.
Then a generalized DA is employed for the initialization of the ML ensemble
forecast. In addition to forecasting the optimal point-wise value, the BAMCAFE
also provides an effective approach of quantifying the forecast uncertainty
utilizing a non-Gaussian probability density function that characterizes the
intermittency and extreme events. It is shown using a two-layer Lorenz 96 model
that the BAMCAFE method can significant improve the forecasting skill compared
to the typical reduced-order imperfect models with bare truncation or
stochastic parameterization for both the observed and unobserved large-scale
variables. It is also shown via a nonlinear conceptual model that the BAMCAFE
leads to a comparable non-Gaussian forecast uncertainty as the perfect model
while the associated imperfect physics-informed model suffers from large
forecast biases.
| [
"physics.ao-ph",
"physics.flu-dyn"
] | physics.ao-ph | physics.flu-dyn | Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics;Fluid Dynamics | 558Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics;Fluid Dynamics
|
1801.08567 | Silicon dioxide or silica, normally existing in various bulk crystalline and
amorphous forms, is recently found to possess a two-dimensional structure. In
this work, we use ab initio calculation and evolutionary algorithm to unveil
three new 2D silica structures whose themal, dynamical and mechanical
stabilities are compared with many typical bulk silica. In particular, we find
that all these three 2D silica have large in-plane negative Poisson's ratios
with the largest one being double of penta-graphene and three times of
borophenes. The negative Poisson's ratio originates from the interplay of
lattice symmetry and Si-O tetrahedron symmetry. Slab silica is also an
insulating 2D material, with the highest electronic band gap (> 7 eV) among
reported 2D structures. These exotic 2D silica with in-plane negative Poisson's
ratios and widest band gaps are expected to have great potential applications
in nanomechanics and nanoelectronics.
| [
"cond-mat.mtrl-sci",
"cond-mat.mes-hall"
] | cond-mat.mtrl-sci | cond-mat.mes-hall | Materials Science;Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics | 4,330Materials Science;Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics
|
hep-ph/0407014 | We calculate the cross section of J/psi plus jet inclusive production in
gamma gamma collisions at next-to-leading order within the factorization
formalism of nonrelativistic quantum chromodynamics (NRQCD) focusing on direct
photoproduction. Apart from direct J/psi production, we also include the
feed-down from directly-produced chi_{cJ} and psi' mesons. We discuss the
analytical calculation, in particular the treatment of the various types of
singularities and the NRQCD operator renormalization, in some detail. We
present theoretical predictions for the future e^+e^- linear collider TESLA,
taking into account both brems- and beamstrahlung.
| [
"hep-ph"
] | hep-ph | High Energy Physics - Phenomenology | 3,129High Energy Physics - Phenomenology
|
|
2101.02945 | We develop a word mechanism applied in knot and link diagrams for the
illustration of a diagrammatic property. We also give a necessary condition for
determining incompressible and pairwise incompressible surfaces, that are
embedded in knot or link complements. Finally, we give a finiteness theorem and
an upper bound on the Euler characteristic of such surfaces.
| [
"math.GT"
] | math.GT | Geometric Topology | 2,813Geometric Topology
|
|
1809.10557 | Wave propagation control is of fundamental interest in many areas of Physics.
It can be achieved with wavelength-scaled photonic crystals, hence avoiding low
frequency applications. By contrast, metamaterials are structured on a
deep-subwavelength scale, and therefore usually described through
homogenization, neglecting the unit-cell structuration. Here, we show with
microwaves that, by considering their inherent crystallinity, we can induce
wave propagation carrying angular momenta within a subwavelength-scaled
collection of wires. Then, inspired by the Quantum Valley-Hall Effect in
condensed matter physics, we exploit this bulk circular polarization to create
modes propagating along particular interfaces. The latter also carry an edge
angular momentum whose conservation during the propagation allows wave routing
by design in specific directions. This experimental study not only evidences
that crystalline metamaterials are a straightforward tabletop platform to
emulate exciting solid-state physics phenomena at the macroscopic scale, but it
also opens the door to crystalline polarized subwavelength waveguides.
| [
"cond-mat.mes-hall",
"physics.class-ph",
"physics.optics"
] | cond-mat.mes-hall | physics.class-ph | Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics;Classical Physics;Optics | 7,267longtail
|
2002.05672 | Algorithmic (including AI/ML) decision-making artifacts are an established
and growing part of our decision-making ecosystem. They are indispensable tools
for managing the flood of information needed to make effective decisions in a
complex world. The current literature is full of examples of how individual
artifacts violate societal norms and expectations (e.g. violations of fairness,
privacy, or safety norms). Against this backdrop, this discussion highlights an
under-emphasized perspective in the literature on assessing value misalignment
in AI-equipped sociotechnical systems. The research on value misalignment has a
strong focus on the behavior of individual tech artifacts. This discussion
argues for a more structured systems-level approach for assessing
value-alignment in sociotechnical systems. We rely primarily on the research on
fairness to make our arguments more concrete. And we use the opportunity to
highlight how adopting a system perspective improves our ability to explain and
address value misalignments better. Our discussion ends with an exploration of
priority questions that demand attention if we are to assure the value
alignment of whole systems, not just individual artifacts.
| [
"cs.CY"
] | cs.CY | Computers and Society | 1,646Computers and Society
|
|
2201.03150 | We study the topological complexities of relative entropy zero extensions
acted by countableinfinite amenable groups. Firstly, for a given Folner
sequence $\{F_n\}_{n=0}^\infty$, we define respectively the relative entropy
dimensions and the dimensions of the relative entropy generating sets to
characterize the sub-exponential growth of the relative topological complexity.
Meanwhile, we investigate the relations among them. Secondly, we introduce the
notion of a relative dimension set. Moreover, using it, we discuss the
disjointness between the relative entropy zero extensions which generalizes the
results of Dou, Huang and Park[Trans. Amer. Math. Soc. 363(2) (2011), 659-680].
| [
"math.DS"
] | math.DS | Dynamical Systems | 2,265Dynamical Systems
|
|
2203.00278 | Network slicing has been introduced in 5G/6G networks to address the
challenge of providing new services with different and sometimes conflicting
requirements. With SDN and NFV technologies being used in the design of 5G and
6G wireless network slicing, as well as the centralization of control over
these technologies, new services such as resource calendaring can also be used
in wireless networks. In bandwidth calendaring, traffic with a low latency
sensitivity and a high volume is shifted to later time slots so that
applications with a high latency sensitivity can be served instead. We discuss
how to calendar radio resources in the C-RAN architecture, which also makes use
of network slicing. This is referred to as Slice-Aware Radio Resource
Calendaring. A model of the problem is developed as an ILP problem and two
heuristic algorithms are proposed for solving it due to complexity of optimal
solution. Observations have shown that when resources are shared between
tenants, the number of accepted requests increases.
| [
"cs.NI"
] | cs.NI | Networking and Internet Architecture | 4,711Networking and Internet Architecture
|
|
1210.7184 | A global fit of parameters allows us to pin down the Hidden Local Symmetry
(HLS) effective Lagrangian, which we apply for the prediction of the leading
hadronic vacuum polarization contribution to the muon g-2. The latter is
dominated by the annihilation channel e+e- -> pi+pi-, for which data are
available by scan (CMD-2 and SND) and ISR (KLOE-2008, KLOE-2010 and BaBar)
experiments. It is well known that the different data sets are not in
satisfactory agreement. In fact it is possible to fix the model parameters
without using the pi+pi- data, by using instead the dipion spectra measured in
the tau decays together with experimental spectra for the pi0 gamma, eta gamma,
pi+pi-pi0, K+K-, K0bar K0 final states supplemented by specific meson decay
properties. Among these, the accepted decay width for rho0 -> e+e- and the
partial widths and phase information for the omega/phi -> pi+pi- transitions,
are considered. It is then shown that, relying on this global data set, the HLS
model, appropriately broken, allows to predict accurately the pion form factor
up to 1.05 GeV. It is shown that the data samples provided by CMD-2, SND and
KLOE-2010 behave consistently with each other and with the other considered
data. Consistency problems with the KLOE-2008 and BaBar data samples are
substantiated. "All data" global fits are investigated by applying reweighting
the conflicting data sets. Constraining to our best fit, the broken HLS model
yields a_mu(th) = (11659169.55 [+1.26 -0.59]_phi +[+0.00 -2.00]_tau +/-
5.21_(th))~10**-10 associated with a very good global fit probability.
Correspondingly, we find that Delta a_mu=a_mu (exp)- a_mu (th) exhibits a
significance ranging between 4.7 and 4.9 sigma.
| [
"hep-ph",
"hep-ex"
] | hep-ph | hep-ex | High Energy Physics - Phenomenology;High Energy Physics - Experiment | 3,198High Energy Physics - Phenomenology;High Energy Physics - Experiment
|
hep-lat/9807041 | Standard Regge Calculus provides an interesting method to explore quantum
gravity in a non-perturbative fashion but turns out to be a CPU-time demanding
enterprise. One therefore seeks for suitable approximations which retain most
of its universal features. The $Z_2$-Regge model could be such a desired
simplification. Here the quadratic edge lengths $q$ of the simplicial complexes
are restricted to only two possible values $q=1+\epsilon\sigma$, with
$\sigma=\pm 1$, in close analogy to the ancestor of all lattice theories, the
Ising model. To test whether this simpler model still contains the essential
qualities of the standard Regge Calculus, we study both models in two
dimensions and determine several observables on the same lattice size. In order
to compare expectation values, e.g. of the average curvature or the Liouville
field susceptibility, we employ in both models the same functional integration
measure. The phase structure is under current investigation using mean field
theory and numerical simulation.
| [
"hep-lat"
] | hep-lat | High Energy Physics - Lattice | 3,092High Energy Physics - Lattice
|
|
astro-ph/0510091 | It is already known that about 10% of central stars of PNe are very
short-period binaries (hours to days), which are detected through photometric
variations. These must have been formed through common-envelope interactions in
initially wide binaries, accompanied by ejection of the envelope and its
subsequent photoionization as a PN. Radial-velocity observations by ourselves
and others are now suggesting that an even larger fraction of planetary nuclei
may be spectroscopic binaries, making the total binary fraction very large.
However, we have not as yet been able to rule out the possibility that the
apparent velocity changes are actually due to stellar-wind variations. Pending
follow-up spectroscopic observations with large telescopes, it presently
appears plausible that binary-star ejection is the major formation channel for
planetary nebulae.
| [
"astro-ph"
] | astro-ph | Astrophysics | 463Astrophysics
|
|
1307.5838 | Optimization problem, nowadays, have more application in all major but they
have problem in computation. Calculation of the optimum point in the spaces
with the above dimensions is very time consuming. In this paper, there is
presented a new approach for the optimization of continuous functions with
rotational mutation that is called RM. The proposed algorithm starts from the
point which has best fitness value by elitism mechanism. Then, method of
rotational mutation is used to reach optimal point. In this paper, RM algorithm
is implemented by GA(Briefly RMGA) and is compared with other well- known
algorithms: DE, PGA, Grefensstette and Eshelman [15, 16] and numerical and
simulation results show that RMGA achieve global optimal point with more
decision by smaller generations.
| [
"cs.NE",
"math.OC"
] | cs.NE | math.OC | Neural and Evolutionary Computing;Optimization and Control | 4,798Neural and Evolutionary Computing;Optimization and Control
|
2007.09334 | Protein interactions are important in a broad range of biological processes.
Traditionally, computational methods have been developed to automatically
predict protein interface from hand-crafted features. Recent approaches employ
deep neural networks and predict the interaction of each amino acid pair
independently. However, these methods do not incorporate the important
sequential information from amino acid chains and the high-order pairwise
interactions. Intuitively, the prediction of an amino acid pair should depend
on both their features and the information of other amino acid pairs. In this
work, we propose to formulate the protein interface prediction as a 2D dense
prediction problem. In addition, we propose a novel deep model to incorporate
the sequential information and high-order pairwise interactions to perform
interface predictions. We represent proteins as graphs and employ graph neural
networks to learn node features. Then we propose the sequential modeling method
to incorporate the sequential information and reorder the feature matrix. Next,
we incorporate high-order pairwise interactions to generate a 3D tensor
containing different pairwise interactions. Finally, we employ convolutional
neural networks to perform 2D dense predictions. Experimental results on
multiple benchmarks demonstrate that our proposed method can consistently
improve the protein interface prediction performance.
| [
"cs.LG",
"q-bio.MN",
"stat.ML"
] | cs.LG | q-bio.MN | Machine Learning;Molecular Networks;Machine Learning | 7,267longtail
|
astro-ph/0302061 | Deep VLA 1.4 GHz radio continuum imaging of Abell 2255 is presented. This
cluster is among the better nearby candidates for rich cluster-cluster merger
systems, with evidence including an elongated X-ray morphology, the presence of
a radio halo, and substructure present in its galaxy distribution. Our radio
observations reach an rms sensitivity of ~40 uJy/beam, enabling us to detect
(at 5 sigma) star formation rates as low as 1.4 M(sun)/year from the center of
the cluster out to a radial distance of 3 Mpc. The radio data are complemented
by optical imaging and a large spectroscopic database, allowing us to separate
all galaxies with M_R < -20 into cluster members and foreground/background
galaxies. The spectra are also used to associate the galaxies' radio emission
with either star formation or AGN. We compare the resulting cluster radio
galaxy population with those of nineteen other nearby Abell clusters, and find
strong evidence for an increase in the frequency of radio galaxies in Abell
2255. This increase is seen in two separate types of galaxies: powerful radio
AGN and optically-faint star forming galaxies. The optical spectra of the
latter often indicate current or recent starbursts, and these galaxies appear
to be distributed along an axis perpendicular to the probable merger axis. We
assess these factors in light of models of galaxy evolution, and suggest that
the cluster-cluster merger is responsible for triggering galaxy activity in
Abell 2255.
| [
"astro-ph"
] | astro-ph | Astrophysics | 463Astrophysics
|
|
1808.03339 | A new analytic model for left-invertible operators is introduced and
investigated. We show that left-invertible operator $T$, which satisfies
certain conditions can be modelled as a multiplication operator $\mathscr{M}_z$
on a reproducing kernel Hilbert space of vector-valued analytic functions on an
annulus or a disc. A similar result for composition operators in
$\ell^2$-spaces is established.
| [
"math.FA"
] | math.FA | Functional Analysis | 2,549Functional Analysis
|
|
hep-ph/9712481 | In the framework of a relativistic covariant Bethe-Salpeter model for the
quark-antiquark system we present a renewed determination of the
Cabbibo-Kobayashi-Maskawa matrix element $|V_{cb}|$. Complementing an earlier
analysis applied to the whole decay spectrum for $B\to D^* e\nu$ we now also
employ the ``zero-recoil method'' that uses the end point of the decay spectrum
($\omega=1$) and is suited for heavy-to-heavy transitions. The averaged
experimental value extracted from the data at zero recoil, $|V_{cb}|{\cal
F}(\omega=1)=0.0343\pm0.0015$, then leads to $|V_{cb}|=0.0360\pm 0.0016$. This
value is somewhat larger than the one that uses the whole decay spectrum for
the model analysis. We also contrast this result to a nonrelativistic model and
to recent experiments on the $B\to D e\nu$ semileptonic decay.
| [
"hep-ph"
] | hep-ph | High Energy Physics - Phenomenology | 3,129High Energy Physics - Phenomenology
|
|
1003.1697 | For each $p>n$ we use local oscillations to give intrinsic characterizations
of the trace of the Sobolev space $W^1_p(\Omega)$ to the boundary of an
arbitrary domain $\Omega\subset R^n$.
| [
"math.FA"
] | math.FA | Functional Analysis | 2,549Functional Analysis
|
|
2205.10171 | An investigation of the isospin equilibration process in the reactions
$^{58,64}$Ni+$^{58,64}$Ni at two bombarding energies in the Fermi regime
($32\,$MeV/nucleon and $52\,$MeV/nucleon) is presented. Data have been acquired
during the first experimental campaign of the coupled INDRA-FAZIA apparatus in
GANIL. Selecting from peripheral to semi-central collisions, both the neutron
content of the quasiprojectile residue and that of the light ejectiles coming
from the quasiprojectile evaporation have been used as probes of the dynamical
process of isospin diffusion between projectile and target for the asymmetric
systems. The isospin transport ratio technique has been employed. The
relaxation of the initial isospin imbalance with increasing centrality has been
clearly evidenced. The isospin equilibration appears stronger for the reactions
at $32\,$MeV/nucleon, as expected due to the longer projectile-target
interaction time than at $52\,$MeV/nucleon. Coherent indications of isospin
equilibration come from the quasiprojectile residue characteristics and from
particles ascribed to the quasiprojectile decay.
| [
"nucl-ex",
"nucl-th"
] | nucl-ex | nucl-th | Nuclear Experiment;Nuclear Theory | 4,873Nuclear Experiment;Nuclear Theory
|
1504.01189 | We study perturbations of functions $f(A,B)$ of noncommuting self-adjoint
operators $A$ and $B$ that can be defined in terms of double operator
integrals. We prove that if $f$ belongs to the Besov class $B_{\be,1}^1(\R^2)$,
then we have the following Lipschitz type estimate in the Schatten--von Neumann
norm $\bS_p$, $1\le p\le2$ norm:
$\|f(A_1,B_1)-f(A_2,B_2)\|_{\bS_p}\le\const(\|A_1-A_2\|_{\bS_p}+\|B_1-B_2\|_{\bS_p})$.
However, the condition $f\in B_{\be,1}^1(\R^2)$ does not imply the Lipschitz
type estimate in $\bS_p$ with $p>2$. The main tool is Schatten--von Neumann
norm estimates for triple operator integrals.
| [
"math.FA",
"math.CA",
"math.CV",
"math.SP"
] | math.FA | math.CA | Functional Analysis;Classical Analysis and ODEs;Complex Variables;Spectral Theory | 2,562Functional Analysis;Classical Analysis and ODEs;Complex Variables;Spectral Theory
|
2207.13921 | AI-based protein structure prediction pipelines, such as AlphaFold2, have
achieved near-experimental accuracy. These advanced pipelines mainly rely on
Multiple Sequence Alignments (MSAs) as inputs to learn the co-evolution
information from the homologous sequences. Nonetheless, searching MSAs from
protein databases is time-consuming, usually taking dozens of minutes.
Consequently, we attempt to explore the limits of fast protein structure
prediction by using only primary sequences of proteins. HelixFold-Single is
proposed to combine a large-scale protein language model with the superior
geometric learning capability of AlphaFold2. Our proposed method,
HelixFold-Single, first pre-trains a large-scale protein language model (PLM)
with thousands of millions of primary sequences utilizing the self-supervised
learning paradigm, which will be used as an alternative to MSAs for learning
the co-evolution information. Then, by combining the pre-trained PLM and the
essential components of AlphaFold2, we obtain an end-to-end differentiable
model to predict the 3D coordinates of atoms from only the primary sequence.
HelixFold-Single is validated in datasets CASP14 and CAMEO, achieving
competitive accuracy with the MSA-based methods on the targets with large
homologous families. Furthermore, HelixFold-Single consumes much less time than
the mainstream pipelines for protein structure prediction, demonstrating its
potential in tasks requiring many predictions. The code of HelixFold-Single is
available at
https://github.com/PaddlePaddle/PaddleHelix/tree/dev/apps/protein_folding/helixfold-single,
and we also provide stable web services on
https://paddlehelix.baidu.com/app/drug/protein-single/forecast.
| [
"q-bio.BM",
"cs.AI",
"cs.LG",
"q-bio.QM"
] | q-bio.BM | cs.AI | Biomolecules;Artificial Intelligence;Machine Learning;Quantitative Methods | 7,267longtail
|
0911.0353 | We study a new non-classical class of variational problems that is motivated
by some recent research on the non-linear revenue problem in the field of
economics. This class of problem can be set up as a maximising problem in the
Calculus of Variations (CoV) or Optimal Control. However, the state value at
the final fixed time, y(T), is a priori unknown and the integrand is a function
of the unknown y(T). This is a non-standard CoV problem. In this paper we apply
the new costate boundary conditions p(T) in the formulation of the CoV problem.
We solve some sample examples in this problem class using the numerical
shooting method to solve the resulting TPBVP, and incorporate the free y(T) as
an additional unknown. Essentially the same results are obtained using symbolic
algebra software.
| [
"math.OC"
] | math.OC | Optimization and Control | 5,234Optimization and Control
|
|
cond-mat/0110438 | New explicit velocity- and position-Verlet-like algorithms of the second
order are proposed to integrate the equations of motion in many-body systems.
The algorithms are derived on the basis of an extended decomposition scheme at
the presence of a free parameter. The nonzero value for this parameter is
obtained by reducing the influence of truncated terms to a minimum. As a
result, the new algorithms appear to be more efficient than the original Verlet
versions which correspond to a particular case when the introduced parameter is
equal to zero. Like the original versions, the proposed counterparts are
symplectic and time reversible, but lead to an improved accuracy in the
generated solutions at the same overall computational costs. The advantages of
the new algorithms are demonstrated in molecular dynamics simulations of a
Lennard-Jones fluid.
| [
"cond-mat.stat-mech",
"cond-mat.soft"
] | cond-mat.stat-mech | cond-mat.soft | Statistical Mechanics;Soft Condensed Matter | 6,956Statistical Mechanics;Soft Condensed Matter
|
physics/0402088 | According to the original theoretical analysis of 1916 by Karl Schwarzschild
the black holes do not have a physical reality.
| [
"physics.gen-ph"
] | physics.gen-ph | General Physics | 2,645General Physics
|
|
2305.19379 | Inter-subject or subject-independent emotion recognition has been a
challenging task in affective computing. This work is about an
easy-to-implement emotion recognition model that classifies emotions from EEG
signals subject independently. It is based on the famous EEGNet architecture,
which is used in EEG-related BCIs. We used the Dataset on Emotion using
Naturalistic Stimuli (DENS) dataset. The dataset contains the Emotional Events
-- the precise information of the emotion timings that participants felt. The
model is a combination of regular, depthwise and separable convolution layers
of CNN to classify the emotions. The model has the capacity to learn the
spatial features of the EEG channels and the temporal features of the EEG
signals variability with time. The model is evaluated for the valence space
ratings. The model achieved an accuracy of 73.04%.
| [
"cs.HC",
"cs.LG",
"eess.SP"
] | cs.HC | cs.LG | Human-Computer Interaction;Machine Learning;Signal Processing | 3,508Human-Computer Interaction;Machine Learning;Signal Processing
|
1201.3971 | We verify the conjecture of [10] and use it to prove that the semisimple
parts of the rational Jordan-Kac-Vinberg decompositions of a rational vector
all lie in a single rational orbit.
| [
"math.AG",
"math.RT"
] | math.AG | math.RT | Algebraic Geometry;Representation Theory | 149Algebraic Geometry;Representation Theory
|
cond-mat/0609486 | We have studied the effect of an external DC electric field (~kV/mm) on the
rheological properties of colloidal suspensions consisting of aggregates of
laponite particles in a silicone oil. Microscopy observations show that under
application of an electric field greater than a triggering electric field
E_c~0.6 kV/mm, laponite aggregates assemble into chain- and/or column-like
structures in the oil. Without an applied electric field, the steady state
shear behavior of such suspensions is Newtonian-like. Under application of an
electric field larger than E_c, it changes dramatically as a result of the
changes in the microstructure: a significant yield stress is measured, and
under continuous shear the fluid is shear-thinning. The rheological properties,
in particular the dynamic and static shear stress, were studied as a function
of particle volume fraction, for various strengths(including null) of the
applied electric field. The flow curves under continuous shearing can be scaled
with respect to both particle fraction and electric field strength, onto a
master curve. This scaling is consistent with simple scaling arguments. The
shape of the master curve accounts for the system's complexity; it approaches a
standard Herschel-Bulkley model at high Manson numbers. Both dynamic and static
yield stress are observed to depend on the particle fraction \phi and electric
field E as \phi^\beta E^\alpha, with \alpha~1.85, and \beta~1 and 1.70, for the
dynamic and static yield stresses, respectively. The measured yield stress
behavior may be explained in terms of standard conduction models for
electrorheological systems. Interesting prospects include using such systems
for self-guided assembly of clay nano-particles.
| [
"cond-mat.soft",
"cond-mat.mtrl-sci"
] | cond-mat.soft | cond-mat.mtrl-sci | Soft Condensed Matter;Materials Science | 6,577Soft Condensed Matter;Materials Science
|
1806.04935 | Video capture is limited by the trade-off between spatial and temporal
resolution: when capturing videos of high temporal resolution, the spatial
resolution decreases due to bandwidth limitations in the capture system.
Achieving both high spatial and temporal resolution is only possible with
highly specialized and very expensive hardware, and even then the same basic
trade-off remains. The recent introduction of compressive sensing and sparse
reconstruction techniques allows for the capture of single-shot high-speed
video, by coding the temporal information in a single frame, and then
reconstructing the full video sequence from this single coded image and a
trained dictionary of image patches. In this paper, we first analyze this
approach, and find insights that help improve the quality of the reconstructed
videos. We then introduce a novel technique, based on convolutional sparse
coding (CSC), and show how it outperforms the state-of-the-art, patch-based
approach in terms of flexibility and efficiency, due to the convolutional
nature of its filter banks. The key idea for CSC high-speed video acquisition
is extending the basic formulation by imposing an additional constraint in the
temporal dimension, which enforces sparsity of the first-order derivatives over
time.
| [
"cs.GR",
"cs.CV",
"eess.IV"
] | cs.GR | cs.CV | Graphics;Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition;Image and Video Processing | 2,903Graphics;Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition;Image and Video Processing
|
2310.08847 | Overfitting negatively impacts the generalization ability of deep neural
networks (DNNs) in both natural and adversarial training. Existing methods
struggle to consistently address different types of overfitting, typically
designing strategies that focus separately on either natural or adversarial
patterns. In this work, we adopt a unified perspective by solely focusing on
natural patterns to explore different types of overfitting. Specifically, we
examine the memorization effect in DNNs and reveal a shared behaviour termed
over-memorization, which impairs their generalization capacity. This behaviour
manifests as DNNs suddenly becoming high-confidence in predicting certain
training patterns and retaining a persistent memory for them. Furthermore, when
DNNs over-memorize an adversarial pattern, they tend to simultaneously exhibit
high-confidence prediction for the corresponding natural pattern. These
findings motivate us to holistically mitigate different types of overfitting by
hindering the DNNs from over-memorization natural patterns. To this end, we
propose a general framework, Distraction Over-Memorization (DOM), which
explicitly prevents over-memorization by either removing or augmenting the
high-confidence natural patterns. Extensive experiments demonstrate the
effectiveness of our proposed method in mitigating overfitting across various
training paradigms.
| [
"cs.LG"
] | cs.LG | Machine Learning | 3,882Machine Learning
|
|
2310.15148 | Machine learning techniques are employed to perform the full characterization
of a quantum system. The particular artificial intelligence technique used to
learn the Hamiltonian is called physics informed neural network (PINN). The
idea behind PINN is the universal approximation theorem, which claims that any
function can be approximate by a neural network if it contains enough
complexity. Consequently, a neural network can be a solution of a physical
model. Moreover, by means of extra data provided by the user, intrinsic
physical parameters can be extracted from the approach called inverse-PINN.
Here, we apply inverse-PINN with the goal of extracting all the physical
parameters that constitutes a two qubit Hamiltonian. We find that this approach
is very efficient. To probe the robustness of the inverse-PINN to learn the
Hamiltonian of a two-qubit system, we use the IBM quantum computers as
experimental platforms to obtain the data that is plugged in the PINN. We found
that our method is able to predict the two-qubit parameters with 5% of accuracy
on average.
| [
"quant-ph"
] | quant-ph | Quantum Physics | 5,985Quantum Physics
|
|
0912.1032 | We calculate the change in susceptibility resulting from a thin sheet with
reduced penetration depth embedded perpendicular to the surface of an isotropic
superconductor, in a geometry applicable to scanning Superconducting QUantum
Interference Device (SQUID) microscopy, by numerically solving Maxwell's and
London's equations using the finite element method. The predicted stripes in
susceptibility agree well in shape with the observations of Kalisky et al. of
enhanced susceptibility above twin planes in the underdoped pnictide
superconductor Ba(Fe1-xCox)2As2 (Ba-122). By comparing the predicted stripe
amplitudes with experiment and using the London relation between penetration
depth and superfluid density, we estimate the enhanced Cooper pair density on
the twin planes, and the barrier force for a vortex to cross a twin plane. Fits
to the observed temperature dependence of the stripe amplitude suggest that the
twin planes have a higher critical temperature than the bulk, although stripes
are not observed above the bulk critical temperature.
| [
"cond-mat.supr-con"
] | cond-mat.supr-con | Superconductivity | 7,066Superconductivity
|
|
1910.00228 | The Signorini problem for the Laplace operator is considered in a general
polygonal domain. It is proved that the coincidence set consists of a finite
number of boundary parts plus isolated points. The regularity of the solution
is described. In particular, we show that the leading singularity is in general
$r_i^{\pi/(2\alpha_i)}$ at transition points of Signorini to Dirichlet or
Neumann conditions but $r_i^{\pi/\alpha_i}$ at kinks of the Signorini boundary,
with $\alpha_i$ being the internal angle of the domain at these critical
points.
| [
"math.AP",
"cs.NA",
"math.NA"
] | math.AP | cs.NA | Analysis of PDEs;Numerical Analysis;Numerical Analysis | 254Analysis of PDEs;Numerical Analysis;Numerical Analysis
|
astro-ph/0105539 | The cosmic infrared background records much of the radiant energy released by
processes of structure formation that have occurred since the decoupling of
matter and radiation following the Big Bang. In the past few years, data from
the Cosmic Background Explorer mission provided the first measurements of this
background, with additional constraints coming from studies of the attenuation
of TeV gamma-rays. At the same time there has been rapid progress in resolving
a significant fraction of this background with the deep galaxy counts at
infrared wavelengths from the Infrared Space Observatory instruments and at
submillimeter wavelengths from the Submillimeter Common User Bolometer Array
instrument. This article reviews the measurements of the infrared background
and sources contributing to it, and discusses the implications for past and
present cosmic processes.
| [
"astro-ph"
] | astro-ph | Astrophysics | 463Astrophysics
|
|
hep-ph/9312215 | Simply based on CP arguments, we argue against a Standard Model explanation
of the baryon asymmetry of the universe in the presence of a first order phase
transition. A CP-asymmetry is found in the reflection coefficients of quarks
hitting the phase boundary created during the electroweak transition. The
problem is analyzed both in an academic zero temperature case and in the
realistic finite temperature one. The building blocks are similar in both
cases: Kobayashi-Maskawa CP-violation, CP-even phases in the reflection
coefficients of quarks, and physical transitions due to fermion self-energies.
In both cases an effect is present at order $\alpha_W^2$ in rate. A standard
GIM behaviour is found as intuitively expected. In the finite temperature case,
a crucial role is played by the damping rate of quasi-particles in a hot
plasma, which is a relevant scale together with $M_W$ and the temperature. The
effect is many orders of magnitude below what observation requires, and
indicates that non standard physics is indeed needed in the cosmological
scenario.
| [
"hep-ph"
] | hep-ph | High Energy Physics - Phenomenology | 3,129High Energy Physics - Phenomenology
|
|
1909.06355 | We report the existence of a phase transition at high temperature in the 3D
Kitaev candidate material, $\beta$-Li$_2$IrO$_3$. We show that the transition
is bulk, intrinsic and orders a tiny magnetic moment with a spatially
anisotropic saturation moment. We show that even though this transition is
global, it does not freeze the local Ir moments, which order at much lower
temperatures into an incommensurate state. Rather, the ordered moment has an
orbital origin that is coupled to spin correlations, likely of a Kitaev origin.
The separate ordering of spin-correlated orbital moments and of local Ir
moments reveals a novel way in which magnetic frustration in Kitaev systems can
lead to coexisting magnetic states.
| [
"cond-mat.str-el"
] | cond-mat.str-el | Strongly Correlated Electrons | 6,979Strongly Correlated Electrons
|
|
math/0504457 | We prove that general unions of singularity schemes of multiplicity two in
the projective plane have maximal rank.
| [
"math.AG"
] | math.AG | Algebraic Geometry | 47Algebraic Geometry
|
|
0809.5085 | We investigate entanglement in a linear chain of $N$ polar molecules coupled
by dipole interaction. In our model, nearest neighbour interaction predominate,
and we compute entanglement with the help of a two-party correlation
entanglement measure. We find that, in this system, only excited states are
entangled. Moreover, when an electrostatic field is applied, energy levels
crossings occur, changing significantly the system's entanglement properties.
We make a systematic study of the entanglement dependency on the inter
molecular distance separating pairs of molecules, different partitions of the
chain and physical parameters as the temperature and the electrostatic field's
intensity, showing that it persists for relatively high temperatures and
changes its nature with varying field.
| [
"quant-ph"
] | quant-ph | Quantum Physics | 5,985Quantum Physics
|
|
1705.08157 | We study the generalized fractional linear problem $D^{\nu}_{a+*} f(x)
=A(x)f(x)+g(x)$, where $D^{\nu}$ is an arbitrary mixture of Caputo derivatives
of order at most one and $A(x)$ a family of operators in a Banach space
generating strongly continuous semigroups. For time homogeneous case, when
$A(x)$ does not depend on time $x$, the solution is expressed by the
generalized operator-valued Mittag-Leffler function. For the more involved
time-dependent case we use the method of non-commutative operator-valued
Feynman-Kac formula in combination with the probabilistic interpretation of
Caputo derivatives suggested recently by the author to find the general
integral representation of the solutions, which are new even for the case of
the standard Caputo derivative $D^{\beta}_{a+*}$. In the point of view adopted
here we analyse the fractional equations not as some 'exotic evolutions', but
rather as 'standard' stationary problems leading to the stationary
non-commutative operator-valued Feynman-Kac representation.
| [
"math.CA"
] | math.CA | Classical Analysis and ODEs | 934Classical Analysis and ODEs
|