jeggers/ai2_arc_easy_formatted · Datasets at Hugging Face

id stringlengths 8 22	question stringlengths 17 586	choices sequence	answerKey stringclasses 9 values	choices_sequence sequencelengths 3 5
Mercury_7043505	Which interaction within an ecosystem is characterized by gradual change from one community of organisms to another?	{ "text": [ "symbiosis", "food webs", "energy pyramids", "succession" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }	D	[ "A: symbiosis", "B: food webs", "C: energy pyramids", "D: succession" ]
Mercury_SC_401733	The continuous changes of a seed to an adult plant that produces seeds is known as a	{ "text": [ "lunar cycle.", "weekly cycle.", "daily cycle.", "life cycle." ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }	D	[ "A: lunar cycle.", "B: weekly cycle.", "C: daily cycle.", "D: life cycle." ]
Mercury_SC_402087	When someone plays the flute, sound is produced because the air in the flute is	{ "text": [ "hot.", "neutral.", "vibrating.", "vaporizing." ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }	C	[ "A: hot.", "B: neutral.", "C: vibrating.", "D: vaporizing." ]
MSA_2015_5_24	Scientists compared Pluto with other objects in the solar system and found that Pluto is smaller than Earth's moon. This finding caused scientists to question whether Pluto is a planet because	{ "text": [ "Pluto gets less sunlight than Earth's moon", "the other planets are much larger than Pluto", "the other planets have moons and Pluto does not", "Pluto rotates on its axis and the other planets do not" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }	B	[ "A: Pluto gets less sunlight than Earth's moon", "B: the other planets are much larger than Pluto", "C: the other planets have moons and Pluto does not", "D: Pluto rotates on its axis and the other planets do not" ]
Mercury_SC_401233	When an iron nail wrapped in a copper wire is attached to a circuit, it forms	{ "text": [ "a battery.", "an engine.", "an insulator.", "an electromagnet." ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }	D	[ "A: a battery.", "B: an engine.", "C: an insulator.", "D: an electromagnet." ]
Mercury_7217788	Which gas accounts for the largest percentage of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere?	{ "text": [ "carbon monoxide", "carbon dioxide", "nitrous oxide", "water vapor" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }	D	[ "A: carbon monoxide", "B: carbon dioxide", "C: nitrous oxide", "D: water vapor" ]
ACTAAP_2007_7_20	Which human body system attacks viruses and bacteria once they have invaded the body?	{ "text": [ "circulatory", "endocrine", "digestive", "immune" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }	D	[ "A: circulatory", "B: endocrine", "C: digestive", "D: immune" ]
Mercury_7221165	The atoms that make up oxygen gas	{ "text": [ "share two covalent bonds.", "have a definite shape.", "share a pair of neutrons.", "have two free electrons." ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }	A	[ "A: share two covalent bonds.", "B: have a definite shape.", "C: share a pair of neutrons.", "D: have two free electrons." ]
VASoL_2007_3_36	A student wants to cut a piece of string for a class activity. The length of the string is measured BEST in which units?	{ "text": [ "Gallons", "Liters", "Miles", "Centimeters" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }	D	[ "A: Gallons", "B: Liters", "C: Miles", "D: Centimeters" ]
Mercury_400498	If the atomic mass number of an atom is 35, which statement is most accurate?	{ "text": [ "The atom is not an isotope.", "The atomic number is less than 17.", "The atom has an odd number of neutrons.", "The number of protons does not equal the number of neutrons." ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }	D	[ "A: The atom is not an isotope.", "B: The atomic number is less than 17.", "C: The atom has an odd number of neutrons.", "D: The number of protons does not equal the number of neutrons." ]
Mercury_7188388	Biotic components need to be recycled through an ecosystem. Which type of organisms are best able to recycle nutrients back into the ecosystem?	{ "text": [ "decomposers", "predators", "producers", "scavengers" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }	A	[ "A: decomposers", "B: predators", "C: producers", "D: scavengers" ]
Mercury_7136115	Roger visited his grandfather who lives on a farm. While he was there, he helped his grandfather move hay out of the barn. As Roger worked in the barn he began sneezing. Which system of the body most likely caused Roger to sneeze?	{ "text": [ "circulatory", "excretory", "digestive", "immune" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }	D	[ "A: circulatory", "B: excretory", "C: digestive", "D: immune" ]
ACTAAP_2013_7_9	Why should plants be included in investigations about the water cycle?	{ "text": [ "Plants speed up the water cycle by removing carbon from the air.", "Plants start the water cycle when they make water in photosynthesis.", "Plants are part of the water cycle through the process of transpiration.", "Plants stop the water cycle because they absorb it and stop the flow to streams." ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }	C	[ "A: Plants speed up the water cycle by removing carbon from the air.", "B: Plants start the water cycle when they make water in photosynthesis.", "C: Plants are part of the water cycle through the process of transpiration.", "D: Plants stop the water cycle because they absorb it and stop the flow to streams." ]
AKDE&ED_2012_4_19	Which statement best identifies a basic need of all animals?	{ "text": [ "They need to eat.", "They need to hide.", "They need to jump.", "They need to smell." ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }	A	[ "A: They need to eat.", "B: They need to hide.", "C: They need to jump.", "D: They need to smell." ]
MCAS_2016_5_13	Which of the following describes an instinctive behavior?	{ "text": [ "a behavior that occurs only in adult fish", "a behavior that occurs only in small mammals", "a behavior that an animal learns how to do over time", "a behavior that an animal is born knowing how to do" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }	D	[ "A: a behavior that occurs only in adult fish", "B: a behavior that occurs only in small mammals", "C: a behavior that an animal learns how to do over time", "D: a behavior that an animal is born knowing how to do" ]
Mercury_7267873	Which of these provide the best evidence that life could develop on Mars?	{ "text": [ "its atmospheric gases", "its surface temperatures", "its craters and rocky surface", "its ice and organic molecules" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }	D	[ "A: its atmospheric gases", "B: its surface temperatures", "C: its craters and rocky surface", "D: its ice and organic molecules" ]
Mercury_SC_407162	The primary reason that plants are important for an ecosystem is because they	{ "text": [ "provide energy for consumers.", "depend on other organisms for shelter.", "break down dead animal matter.", "consume nutrients for energy." ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }	A	[ "A: provide energy for consumers.", "B: depend on other organisms for shelter.", "C: break down dead animal matter.", "D: consume nutrients for energy." ]
Mercury_7008890	Energy from the Sun reaches Earth by	{ "text": [ "radiation.", "conduction.", "convection.", "thermal expansion." ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }	A	[ "A: radiation.", "B: conduction.", "C: convection.", "D: thermal expansion." ]
Mercury_7235900	Scientists study the current conditions of many solar system objects to gain insight into conditions early in the history of Earth. Which phenomenon most closely models current theories of early Earth?	{ "text": [ "liquid forming valleys on Mars", "hundreds of active volcanoes on Io", "rock and ice forming the core of Neptune", "ice covering the entire surface of Europa" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }	B	[ "A: liquid forming valleys on Mars", "B: hundreds of active volcanoes on Io", "C: rock and ice forming the core of Neptune", "D: ice covering the entire surface of Europa" ]
Mercury_SC_408323	Jonathan places a pot of water on a stove. As the water boils, how does the state of the water change?	{ "text": [ "from gas to liquid", "from liquid to gas", "from liquid to solid", "from solid to liquid" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }	B	[ "A: from gas to liquid", "B: from liquid to gas", "C: from liquid to solid", "D: from solid to liquid" ]
Mercury_404795	Animal cells obtain energy by	{ "text": [ "processing sunlight.", "absorbing nutrients.", "growing.", "dividing." ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }	B	[ "A: processing sunlight.", "B: absorbing nutrients.", "C: growing.", "D: dividing." ]
Mercury_7071628	Which illness is associated with a weakened immune system in the body?	{ "text": [ "tetanus", "cancer", "measles", "rabies" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }	B	[ "A: tetanus", "B: cancer", "C: measles", "D: rabies" ]
Mercury_7183645	In the human kidney, urea from the blood is filtered through the glomerular membrane into a nephron. The movement of urea across this membrane occurs without an input of energy. Which factor is the most likely reason urea absorption does not require energy?	{ "text": [ "a pH imbalance", "a pressure difference", "a temperature increase", "a concentration gradient" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }	D	[ "A: a pH imbalance", "B: a pressure difference", "C: a temperature increase", "D: a concentration gradient" ]
Mercury_7115448	The greatest amount of diversity can be found among which type of organism?	{ "text": [ "plants", "animals", "bacteria", "fungi" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }	C	[ "A: plants", "B: animals", "C: bacteria", "D: fungi" ]
Mercury_7223125	Which energy type is common enough in Nevada to make a significant contribution to the renewable energy needs of the state?	{ "text": [ "coal", "geothermal", "natural gas", "petroleum" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }	B	[ "A: coal", "B: geothermal", "C: natural gas", "D: petroleum" ]
Mercury_7207428	Until recently the Grand Canyon was thought to be about 5-6 million years old. Recently a scientist gathered data and wrote a paper for a scientific journal that indicated the canyon is about 17 million years old. Before this new information about the canyon is accepted, which of these needs to occur?	{ "text": [ "The scientist needs to publish additional papers.", "The scientist needs to obtain government support.", "Other scientists need to state their beliefs.", "Many scientists need to evaluate the data." ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }	D	[ "A: The scientist needs to publish additional papers.", "B: The scientist needs to obtain government support.", "C: Other scientists need to state their beliefs.", "D: Many scientists need to evaluate the data." ]
Mercury_SC_400220	Which human trait is most likely inherited from a parent?	{ "text": [ "learning to ride a bike", "holding a spoon", "reading a book", "height" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }	D	[ "A: learning to ride a bike", "B: holding a spoon", "C: reading a book", "D: height" ]
MCAS_2005_9_2	Foam weather stripping is often placed in the frames of doors and windows in a home. What is the purpose of this weather stripping?	{ "text": [ "The weather stripping increases heat transfer by radiation.", "Heat is conducted quickly through the weather stripping.", "The weather stripping reduces heat loss due to convection.", "Heat can transfer through the weather stripping due to reflection." ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }	C	[ "A: The weather stripping increases heat transfer by radiation.", "B: Heat is conducted quickly through the weather stripping.", "C: The weather stripping reduces heat loss due to convection.", "D: Heat can transfer through the weather stripping due to reflection." ]
NYSEDREGENTS_2004_8_1	The items listed below were found in a science classroom. * a heart made of plastic with many of its parts labeled * clay formed to look like Earth and other planets * a giant plastic plant cell with removable cell parts These items are all examples of	{ "text": [ "models", "experiments", "variables", "controls" ], "label": [ "1", "2", "3", "4" ] }	1	[ "1: models", "2: experiments", "3: variables", "4: controls" ]
MCAS_2008_8_5701	For a technology project, Kyle came up with an idea to build a model bridge. He wants his bridge to span 50 cm and to support a 1 kg object. According to the engineering design process, which of the following should be Kyle's next step?	{ "text": [ "construct prototypes of different kinds of bridges", "research the different designs of bridges", "gather the materials needed to build the bridge", "make a drawing to show how to build the bridge" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }	B	[ "A: construct prototypes of different kinds of bridges", "B: research the different designs of bridges", "C: gather the materials needed to build the bridge", "D: make a drawing to show how to build the bridge" ]
TIMSS_2011_8_pg118	Light travels fastest through which of the following?	{ "text": [ "air", "glass", "water", "a vacuum" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }	D	[ "A: air", "B: glass", "C: water", "D: a vacuum" ]
Mercury_SC_408414	Different systems of the human body perform different functions. Which system takes oxygen from the air to be moved by the circulatory system?	{ "text": [ "the respiratory system", "the digestive system", "the nervous system", "the skeletal system" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }	A	[ "A: the respiratory system", "B: the digestive system", "C: the nervous system", "D: the skeletal system" ]
MCAS_2004_5_4	A solar cell turns sunlight into another form of energy. A solar cell is most like what natural structure?	{ "text": [ "an elephant's ears", "a plant's leaves", "a deer's hooves", "a tree's roots" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }	B	[ "A: an elephant's ears", "B: a plant's leaves", "C: a deer's hooves", "D: a tree's roots" ]
MCAS_2012_5_18	The Sun appears to move across the sky each day, rising in the east and setting in the west. What causes this apparent motion?	{ "text": [ "the rotation of Earth on its axis", "the revolution of the Sun around Earth", "the Earth’s distance from the Sun", "the properties of Earth’s atmosphere" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }	A	[ "A: the rotation of Earth on its axis", "B: the revolution of the Sun around Earth", "C: the Earth’s distance from the Sun", "D: the properties of Earth’s atmosphere" ]
OHAT_2009_5_44	What causes a blue block to appear blue in the sunlight?	{ "text": [ "The block absorbs all blue light.", "The block bends (refracts) all blue light.", "Only blue light is reflected by the block.", "Only blue light passes through the block." ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }	C	[ "A: The block absorbs all blue light.", "B: The block bends (refracts) all blue light.", "C: Only blue light is reflected by the block.", "D: Only blue light passes through the block." ]
Mercury_7121958	A student determined the density of different bars of soap. Which should the student most likely do to check the accuracy of the results?	{ "text": [ "complete the experiment in one day", "test multiple brands of soap", "record data in metric units", "repeat the experiment" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }	D	[ "A: complete the experiment in one day", "B: test multiple brands of soap", "C: record data in metric units", "D: repeat the experiment" ]
Mercury_SC_400024	Which method below would be the best way to determine if an egg, plastic foam, a piece of wood, or a candle would float on water?	{ "text": [ "observing each object in water", "measuring the size of each object", "calculating the weight of the objects", "comparing the shapes of the objects" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }	A	[ "A: observing each object in water", "B: measuring the size of each object", "C: calculating the weight of the objects", "D: comparing the shapes of the objects" ]
Mercury_SC_405024	Liam lives in the Northern Hemisphere of Earth and plays in the snow in December. His friend lives in the Southern Hemisphere of Earth and plays at the beach in December. What is the best explanation for why this is possible?	{ "text": [ "tilt of Earth on its axis", "rotation of Earth on its axis", "revolution of Earth around the Sun", "revolution of the Moon around Earth" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }	A	[ "A: tilt of Earth on its axis", "B: rotation of Earth on its axis", "C: revolution of Earth around the Sun", "D: revolution of the Moon around Earth" ]
CSZ_2004_5_CSZ10300	A scientist needs to take a picture of the well-ordered arrangements of the atoms and molecules within a substance. Which of the following instruments would be best for the scientist to use?	{ "text": [ "a laser light with holograph.", "a seismograph.", "an electron microscope.", "a stereoscope." ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }	C	[ "A: a laser light with holograph.", "B: a seismograph.", "C: an electron microscope.", "D: a stereoscope." ]
Mercury_7212433	Gold atoms can be identified based on the number of which subatomic particles?	{ "text": [ "neutrons", "electrons", "nuclei", "protons" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }	D	[ "A: neutrons", "B: electrons", "C: nuclei", "D: protons" ]
Mercury_SC_402050	Which is needed for both boiling and melting to occur?	{ "text": [ "solids", "gases", "heat", "pressure" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }	C	[ "A: solids", "B: gases", "C: heat", "D: pressure" ]
NAEP_2005_8_S11+15	Which of the following is an example of genetic engineering?	{ "text": [ "Growing a whole plant from a single cell.", "Finding the sequences of bases in plant DNA.", "Inserting a gene into plants that makes them resistant to insects.", "Attaching the root of one type of plant to the stem of another type of plant." ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }	C	[ "A: Growing a whole plant from a single cell.", "B: Finding the sequences of bases in plant DNA.", "C: Inserting a gene into plants that makes them resistant to insects.", "D: Attaching the root of one type of plant to the stem of another type of plant." ]
MCAS_2009_8_8	Which of the following is an example of a container that is filled with a pure substance rather than with a mixture?	{ "text": [ "a tire filled with air", "a jar filled with salt water", "a balloon filled with helium", "a glass filled with chocolate milk" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }	C	[ "A: a tire filled with air", "B: a jar filled with salt water", "C: a balloon filled with helium", "D: a glass filled with chocolate milk" ]
CSZ_2006_5_CSZ10326	Which best describes the role of the esophagus in digestion?	{ "text": [ "It releases acid and mixes food.", "It aids in absorption of nutrients from food.", "It carries food from the mouth to the stomach.", "It carries food from the stomach to the intestines." ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }	C	[ "A: It releases acid and mixes food.", "B: It aids in absorption of nutrients from food.", "C: It carries food from the mouth to the stomach.", "D: It carries food from the stomach to the intestines." ]
AKDE&ED_2012_4_46	Which change is most likely caused by a thunderstorm?	{ "text": [ "a glacier moving", "a stream flooding", "a volcano erupting", "a mountain forming" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }	B	[ "A: a glacier moving", "B: a stream flooding", "C: a volcano erupting", "D: a mountain forming" ]
Mercury_7213938	Which is an example of an organism that has been selectively bred for a particular genetic trait?	{ "text": [ "cats that eat mice", "cows that graze on grass", "pigs that form large herds", "chickens that lay large eggs" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }	D	[ "A: cats that eat mice", "B: cows that graze on grass", "C: pigs that form large herds", "D: chickens that lay large eggs" ]
Mercury_7033618	Which of these can be described as a system of stars, gases, dust, and other matter that orbits a common center of gravity?	{ "text": [ "an asteroid", "a galaxy", "a nebula", "a comet" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }	B	[ "A: an asteroid", "B: a galaxy", "C: a nebula", "D: a comet" ]
Mercury_7144743	The Florida Bog Frog (Lithobates okaloosae) inhabits shallow stream overflows in three counties in Florida. With such a small geographic habitat, any change in the frog's environment could cause drastic changes in the population. Which would most likely affect the frog population if acid rain changed the pH of the water?	{ "text": [ "Prey insects would become inedible.", "Tadpoles would be unable to survive.", "Breeding sites would become unavailable.", "Predators would choose another food source." ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }	B	[ "A: Prey insects would become inedible.", "B: Tadpoles would be unable to survive.", "C: Breeding sites would become unavailable.", "D: Predators would choose another food source." ]
Mercury_7248325	Which function do kidneys provide to maintain homeostasis?	{ "text": [ "the removal of excess heat from the body", "the removal of carbon dioxide from the body", "the removal of excess oxygen from the blood", "the removal of nitrogenous wastes from the blood" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }	D	[ "A: the removal of excess heat from the body", "B: the removal of carbon dioxide from the body", "C: the removal of excess oxygen from the blood", "D: the removal of nitrogenous wastes from the blood" ]
Mercury_7001750	While running, leg muscles work to move leg bones, and the skin helps to	{ "text": [ "regulate body temperature.", "sense small changes in the heart rate.", "transport nutrients to muscles.", "maintain oxygen levels in the blood." ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }	A	[ "A: regulate body temperature.", "B: sense small changes in the heart rate.", "C: transport nutrients to muscles.", "D: maintain oxygen levels in the blood." ]
Mercury_7166898	Rolanda is growing tomato plants in her garden. She has created a compost pile and has been adding compost around her tomato plants to help fertilize them. Compost is solid waste in which organic material is broken down by microorganisms in the presence of oxygen to where it can be safely stored, handled, and applied to the environment. On what does Rolanda primarily rely in order for composting to work?	{ "text": [ "producers", "consumers", "scavengers", "decomposers" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }	D	[ "A: producers", "B: consumers", "C: scavengers", "D: decomposers" ]
Mercury_7164605	Some students were on a tour exploring the inside of a cave. While the students were in the cave, they realized they heard an echo every time that they spoke. Which most likely caused the echo to occur?	{ "text": [ "the accumulation of the sound waves", "the diffraction of the sound waves", "the refraction of the sound waves", "the reflection of the sound waves" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }	D	[ "A: the accumulation of the sound waves", "B: the diffraction of the sound waves", "C: the refraction of the sound waves", "D: the reflection of the sound waves" ]
Mercury_7114048	A scientist uses angstrom units to measure the distance between two points. The scientist is most likely measuring the distance between two	{ "text": [ "atoms.", "cities.", "continents.", "stars." ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }	A	[ "A: atoms.", "B: cities.", "C: continents.", "D: stars." ]
Mercury_7220745	Based on the evidence available at the time, early models of the solar system stated that all objects in space orbited Earth. In the 16th century, an astronomer reevaluated the evidence and proposed a model of the solar system that is still in use. What part of this model corrected the mistake in previous solar system models?	{ "text": [ "The Sun is at the center of this model.", "Earth is the largest object in this model.", "This model contains more than one star.", "This model shows that Earth is stationary." ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }	A	[ "A: The Sun is at the center of this model.", "B: Earth is the largest object in this model.", "C: This model contains more than one star.", "D: This model shows that Earth is stationary." ]
Mercury_7137655	The hormone insulin is secreted by the pancreas. Which activity is most likely to trigger an increase in the levels of insulin circulating in the blood?	{ "text": [ "driving", "eating", "jogging", "sleeping" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }	B	[ "A: driving", "B: eating", "C: jogging", "D: sleeping" ]
Mercury_7094850	In gym class a student kicks a soccer ball high into the air. As the ball goes upward, which type of energy is increasing?	{ "text": [ "kinetic energy", "thermal energy", "potential energy", "mechanical energy" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }	C	[ "A: kinetic energy", "B: thermal energy", "C: potential energy", "D: mechanical energy" ]
Mercury_7043733	Which best describes the orbit of the Moon around Earth?	{ "text": [ "circular with a period of about one month", "circular with a period of about one week", "elliptical with a period of about one month", "elliptical with a period of about one week" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }	C	[ "A: circular with a period of about one month", "B: circular with a period of about one week", "C: elliptical with a period of about one month", "D: elliptical with a period of about one week" ]
OHAT_2011_8_41	In any physical or chemical process, what two quantities are always conserved?	{ "text": [ "matter and total energy", "light and acoustic energy", "density and thermal energy", "gravity and potential energy" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }	A	[ "A: matter and total energy", "B: light and acoustic energy", "C: density and thermal energy", "D: gravity and potential energy" ]
TIMSS_2003_8_pg5	The nucleus of MOST atoms consists of	{ "text": [ "neutrons only", "protons and neutrons", "protons and electrons", "neutrons and electrons" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }	B	[ "A: neutrons only", "B: protons and neutrons", "C: protons and electrons", "D: neutrons and electrons" ]
MCAS_2008_8_5702	The complete removal of decomposers from an ecosystem will have the greatest effect on which of the following?	{ "text": [ "the spread of disease", "the availability of water", "the recycling of nutrients", "the distribution of organisms" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }	C	[ "A: the spread of disease", "B: the availability of water", "C: the recycling of nutrients", "D: the distribution of organisms" ]
LEAP_2008_8_10424	In an accurate diagram of the solar system, which object would be shown closest to Earth?	{ "text": [ "the Moon", "the asteroid belt", "Mars", "Saturn" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }	A	[ "A: the Moon", "B: the asteroid belt", "C: Mars", "D: Saturn" ]
MCAS_2000_8_11	Typically, sedimentary rocks are formed	{ "text": [ "only in erupting volcanoes.", "only under great pressure and high temperatures.", "below Earth's surface as magma cools and crystallizes.", "from materials that settle." ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }	D	[ "A: only in erupting volcanoes.", "B: only under great pressure and high temperatures.", "C: below Earth's surface as magma cools and crystallizes.", "D: from materials that settle." ]
Mercury_7068618	Which renewable resource is used with photovoltaic cells to produce electricity?	{ "text": [ "hydrothermal energy", "solar energy", "geothermal energy", "nuclear energy" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }	B	[ "A: hydrothermal energy", "B: solar energy", "C: geothermal energy", "D: nuclear energy" ]
Mercury_SC_402621	Which will most likely happen to a solid substance that is heated?	{ "text": [ "It will melt.", "It will boil.", "It will harden.", "It will evaporate." ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }	A	[ "A: It will melt.", "B: It will boil.", "C: It will harden.", "D: It will evaporate." ]
Mercury_7081638	A scientist observes an unusual activity while studying bacterial cells. Using scientific inquiry to investigate the activity will enable the scientist to	{ "text": [ "control the behavior.", "prove that the behavior is beneficial.", "evaluate different explanations of the behavior.", "conclude how the behavior will change in the future." ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }	C	[ "A: control the behavior.", "B: prove that the behavior is beneficial.", "C: evaluate different explanations of the behavior.", "D: conclude how the behavior will change in the future." ]
NYSEDREGENTS_2009_8_31	In order to survive, all organisms must have	{ "text": [ "chlorophyll", "carbon dioxide", "energy", "blood" ], "label": [ "1", "2", "3", "4" ] }	3	[ "1: chlorophyll", "2: carbon dioxide", "3: energy", "4: blood" ]
NYSEDREGENTS_2005_8_43	Which observation of a plant supports the inference that photosynthesis can take place?	{ "text": [ "a strong, sweet smell", "a dry, rough texture", "a green color", "a smooth stem" ], "label": [ "1", "2", "3", "4" ] }	3	[ "1: a strong, sweet smell", "2: a dry, rough texture", "3: a green color", "4: a smooth stem" ]
Mercury_SC_402028	To safely conduct an experiment using chemicals, what should students always do?	{ "text": [ "Work in large groups.", "Wear safety goggles.", "Wear short sleeves.", "Keep a window open." ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }	B	[ "A: Work in large groups.", "B: Wear safety goggles.", "C: Wear short sleeves.", "D: Keep a window open." ]
NYSEDREGENTS_2009_8_25	Infections may be caused by	{ "text": [ "mutations", "microorganisms", "toxic substances", "climate changes" ], "label": [ "1", "2", "3", "4" ] }	2	[ "1: mutations", "2: microorganisms", "3: toxic substances", "4: climate changes" ]
Mercury_7008313	Which are two parts of the carbon cycle?	{ "text": [ "freezing and thawing", "growth and reproduction", "evaporation and precipitation", "photosynthesis and respiration" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }	D	[ "A: freezing and thawing", "B: growth and reproduction", "C: evaporation and precipitation", "D: photosynthesis and respiration" ]
Mercury_SC_408413	The digestive system breaks food into simple substances that the body can use. What system carries these simple substances from the digestive system to other parts of the body?	{ "text": [ "circulatory", "nervous", "respiratory", "skeletal" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }	A	[ "A: circulatory", "B: nervous", "C: respiratory", "D: skeletal" ]
Mercury_182140	A student conducts an experiment using a common but potentially harmful bacteria culture. After working with the bacteria, which is the most important safety practice to follow?	{ "text": [ "turn off any electrical equipment", "dispose of waste materials", "wash hands and tabletops thoroughly", "return materials to their proper place" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }	C	[ "A: turn off any electrical equipment", "B: dispose of waste materials", "C: wash hands and tabletops thoroughly", "D: return materials to their proper place" ]
Mercury_SC_415479	Which of these environmental changes goes on for months or years?	{ "text": [ "drought", "flood", "avalanche", "landslide" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }	A	[ "A: drought", "B: flood", "C: avalanche", "D: landslide" ]
Mercury_SC_416531	Erin placed her shamrock plant in a dark corner. Soon she saw that the leaves had tilted toward her window. What did the plant need most from the window?	{ "text": [ "sunlight during the day", "air during the day", "darkness at night", "warmth at night" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }	A	[ "A: sunlight during the day", "B: air during the day", "C: darkness at night", "D: warmth at night" ]
MEA_2011_8_10	Which gravitational pull has the greatest influence on Earth's tides?	{ "text": [ "the gravitational pull between Earth and the Moon", "the gravitational pull between Earth and the Sun", "the gravitational pull between Earth and Jupiter", "the gravitational pull between Earth and Mars" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }	A	[ "A: the gravitational pull between Earth and the Moon", "B: the gravitational pull between Earth and the Sun", "C: the gravitational pull between Earth and Jupiter", "D: the gravitational pull between Earth and Mars" ]
Mercury_7142363	One key physical process in beach formation is wave action. Sand is deposited on beaches as waves break onto the shoreline and the energy from the wave scatters. Which type of energy is most used by wave action to modify the shape of the beaches?	{ "text": [ "thermal", "potential", "chemical", "mechanical" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }	D	[ "A: thermal", "B: potential", "C: chemical", "D: mechanical" ]
VASoL_2008_3_34	A student is asked to bring something that feels rough to class. Which would be BEST for him to bring?	{ "text": [ "Pillow", "Marble", "Sandpaper", "Trading card" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }	C	[ "A: Pillow", "B: Marble", "C: Sandpaper", "D: Trading card" ]
Mercury_SC_400835	What tool would be used to examine a fingerprint?	{ "text": [ "a graduated cylinder", "a hand lens", "a pair of goggles", "a thermometer" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }	B	[ "A: a graduated cylinder", "B: a hand lens", "C: a pair of goggles", "D: a thermometer" ]
MCAS_2015_5_15	Which of the following is a mineral?	{ "text": [ "diamond", "plastic", "steel", "wood" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }	A	[ "A: diamond", "B: plastic", "C: steel", "D: wood" ]
Mercury_SC_415409	During a rainstorm, leaves wash down a gully on a hillside. The water slows down at the foot of the hill and fans out, depositing the leaves. What geologic structure is formed in a similar way?	{ "text": [ "a basalt column", "a stalactite", "a fault line", "a delta" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }	D	[ "A: a basalt column", "B: a stalactite", "C: a fault line", "D: a delta" ]
Mercury_SC_401237	The change in fur color of the Arctic hare from brown in the summer to white in the winter is an example of	{ "text": [ "mimicry.", "heredity.", "diversity.", "camouflage." ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }	D	[ "A: mimicry.", "B: heredity.", "C: diversity.", "D: camouflage." ]
VASoL_2007_3_8	Which sense is used to tell if there is sugar in a glass of tea?	{ "text": [ "Touch", "Hearing", "Smell", "Taste" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }	D	[ "A: Touch", "B: Hearing", "C: Smell", "D: Taste" ]
NYSEDREGENTS_2005_8_4	The surface of Earth is covered by a relatively thin layer of water called the	{ "text": [ "crust", "mantle", "hydrosphere", "atmosphere" ], "label": [ "1", "2", "3", "4" ] }	3	[ "1: crust", "2: mantle", "3: hydrosphere", "4: atmosphere" ]
Mercury_7251930	All organisms contain DNA and RNA. What are the subunits of DNA and RNA?	{ "text": [ "simple sugars", "amino acids", "carbohydrates", "nucleotides" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }	D	[ "A: simple sugars", "B: amino acids", "C: carbohydrates", "D: nucleotides" ]
Mercury_SC_413305	How does ice change the shape of rocks?	{ "text": [ "It dissolves the rocks by pooling on surfaces.", "It breaks the rocks by expanding in openings.", "It smooths the rocks by colliding with them.", "It moves the rocks by pressing on them." ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }	B	[ "A: It dissolves the rocks by pooling on surfaces.", "B: It breaks the rocks by expanding in openings.", "C: It smooths the rocks by colliding with them.", "D: It moves the rocks by pressing on them." ]
Mercury_7234203	Which property of Earth's interior keeps the innermost part in a solid state?	{ "text": [ "relatively low temperature", "extremely high pressure", "high rate of heat flow", "low rate of radioactive decay" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }	B	[ "A: relatively low temperature", "B: extremely high pressure", "C: high rate of heat flow", "D: low rate of radioactive decay" ]
Mercury_7217753	Diseases that can be transmitted between organisms are	{ "text": [ "infectious.", "inherited.", "environmental.", "congenital." ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }	A	[ "A: infectious.", "B: inherited.", "C: environmental.", "D: congenital." ]
Mercury_SC_401229	The transfer of thermal energy from one object to another is known as	{ "text": [ "heat.", "electricity.", "magnetism.", "temperature." ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }	A	[ "A: heat.", "B: electricity.", "C: magnetism.", "D: temperature." ]
Mercury_405868	Which part of the body carries out the function of copying DNA?	{ "text": [ "brain", "heart", "bones", "cells" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }	D	[ "A: brain", "B: heart", "C: bones", "D: cells" ]
Mercury_7025428	The atomic mass of an atom is	{ "text": [ "the same as the atomic number.", "the same as the group number.", "the sum of protons and neutrons.", "the difference between protons and electrons." ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }	C	[ "A: the same as the atomic number.", "B: the same as the group number.", "C: the sum of protons and neutrons.", "D: the difference between protons and electrons." ]
NYSEDREGENTS_2009_8_26	Different species of carnivorous animals that share the same habitat in an ecosystem may	{ "text": [ "become decomposers", "compete for food", "produce their own food", "mate with each other" ], "label": [ "1", "2", "3", "4" ] }	2	[ "1: become decomposers", "2: compete for food", "3: produce their own food", "4: mate with each other" ]
Mercury_SC_401005	Which scientist is best known for studying plants and animals?	{ "text": [ "Isaac Newton", "Albert Einstein", "Charles Darwin", "Nicolaus Copernicus" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }	C	[ "A: Isaac Newton", "B: Albert Einstein", "C: Charles Darwin", "D: Nicolaus Copernicus" ]
NYSEDREGENTS_2009_4_25	Green plants get the energy they need to make food from	{ "text": [ "air", "sunlight", "water", "soil" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }	B	[ "A: air", "B: sunlight", "C: water", "D: soil" ]
NYSEDREGENTS_2006_4_4	The movement of soil by wind or water is called	{ "text": [ "condensation", "evaporation", "erosion", "friction" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }	C	[ "A: condensation", "B: evaporation", "C: erosion", "D: friction" ]
Mercury_SC_415072	Arctic areas are covered with snow and ice for much of the year. Which color rabbits would be safest from foxes there?	{ "text": [ "grey", "black", "white", "brown" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }	C	[ "A: grey", "B: black", "C: white", "D: brown" ]
MCAS_1999_8_20	The ratio of an object's mass to its volume is its	{ "text": [ "area.", "perimeter.", "density.", "weight." ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }	C	[ "A: area.", "B: perimeter.", "C: density.", "D: weight." ]
Mercury_401205	As the hawk population increases in an ecosystem, the deer mouse population will most likely decrease as a result of	{ "text": [ "decrease in food source.", "increase in disease.", "increase in predators.", "decrease in habitat." ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }	C	[ "A: decrease in food source.", "B: increase in disease.", "C: increase in predators.", "D: decrease in habitat." ]
Mercury_7207008	Greenhouse gases in the atmosphere trap heat near Earth's surface. Which of these is a greenhouse gas?	{ "text": [ "nitrogen", "argon", "water vapor", "oxygen" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }	C	[ "A: nitrogen", "B: argon", "C: water vapor", "D: oxygen" ]
ACTAAP_2014_5_2	What happens during photosynthesis?	{ "text": [ "Insects pollinate plants.", "Plants change soil into food energy.", "Animals get carbon dioxide from plants.", "Plants change light energy into food energy." ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }	D	[ "A: Insects pollinate plants.", "B: Plants change soil into food energy.", "C: Animals get carbon dioxide from plants.", "D: Plants change light energy into food energy." ]
TIMSS_1995_8_J4	Which is an example of a chemical reaction?	{ "text": [ "The melting of ice", "The grinding of salt crystals to powder", "The burning of wood", "The evaporation of water from a puddle" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }	C	[ "A: The melting of ice", "B: The grinding of salt crystals to powder", "C: The burning of wood", "D: The evaporation of water from a puddle" ]

Mercury_7043505

Which interaction within an ecosystem is characterized by gradual change from one community of organisms to another?

{ "text": [ "symbiosis", "food webs", "energy pyramids", "succession" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

D

[ "A: symbiosis", "B: food webs", "C: energy pyramids", "D: succession" ]

Mercury_SC_401733

The continuous changes of a seed to an adult plant that produces seeds is known as a

{ "text": [ "lunar cycle.", "weekly cycle.", "daily cycle.", "life cycle." ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

D

[ "A: lunar cycle.", "B: weekly cycle.", "C: daily cycle.", "D: life cycle." ]

Mercury_SC_402087

When someone plays the flute, sound is produced because the air in the flute is

{ "text": [ "hot.", "neutral.", "vibrating.", "vaporizing." ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

C

[ "A: hot.", "B: neutral.", "C: vibrating.", "D: vaporizing." ]

MSA_2015_5_24

Scientists compared Pluto with other objects in the solar system and found that Pluto is smaller than Earth's moon. This finding caused scientists to question whether Pluto is a planet because

{ "text": [ "Pluto gets less sunlight than Earth's moon", "the other planets are much larger than Pluto", "the other planets have moons and Pluto does not", "Pluto rotates on its axis and the other planets do not" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

B

[ "A: Pluto gets less sunlight than Earth's moon", "B: the other planets are much larger than Pluto", "C: the other planets have moons and Pluto does not", "D: Pluto rotates on its axis and the other planets do not" ]

Mercury_SC_401233

When an iron nail wrapped in a copper wire is attached to a circuit, it forms

{ "text": [ "a battery.", "an engine.", "an insulator.", "an electromagnet." ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

D

[ "A: a battery.", "B: an engine.", "C: an insulator.", "D: an electromagnet." ]

Mercury_7217788

Which gas accounts for the largest percentage of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere?

{ "text": [ "carbon monoxide", "carbon dioxide", "nitrous oxide", "water vapor" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

D

[ "A: carbon monoxide", "B: carbon dioxide", "C: nitrous oxide", "D: water vapor" ]

ACTAAP_2007_7_20

Which human body system attacks viruses and bacteria once they have invaded the body?

{ "text": [ "circulatory", "endocrine", "digestive", "immune" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

D

[ "A: circulatory", "B: endocrine", "C: digestive", "D: immune" ]

Mercury_7221165

The atoms that make up oxygen gas

{ "text": [ "share two covalent bonds.", "have a definite shape.", "share a pair of neutrons.", "have two free electrons." ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

A

[ "A: share two covalent bonds.", "B: have a definite shape.", "C: share a pair of neutrons.", "D: have two free electrons." ]

VASoL_2007_3_36

A student wants to cut a piece of string for a class activity. The length of the string is measured BEST in which units?

{ "text": [ "Gallons", "Liters", "Miles", "Centimeters" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

D

[ "A: Gallons", "B: Liters", "C: Miles", "D: Centimeters" ]

Mercury_400498

If the atomic mass number of an atom is 35, which statement is most accurate?

{ "text": [ "The atom is not an isotope.", "The atomic number is less than 17.", "The atom has an odd number of neutrons.", "The number of protons does not equal the number of neutrons." ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

D

[ "A: The atom is not an isotope.", "B: The atomic number is less than 17.", "C: The atom has an odd number of neutrons.", "D: The number of protons does not equal the number of neutrons." ]

Mercury_7188388

Biotic components need to be recycled through an ecosystem. Which type of organisms are best able to recycle nutrients back into the ecosystem?

{ "text": [ "decomposers", "predators", "producers", "scavengers" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

A

[ "A: decomposers", "B: predators", "C: producers", "D: scavengers" ]

Mercury_7136115

Roger visited his grandfather who lives on a farm. While he was there, he helped his grandfather move hay out of the barn. As Roger worked in the barn he began sneezing. Which system of the body most likely caused Roger to sneeze?

{ "text": [ "circulatory", "excretory", "digestive", "immune" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

D

[ "A: circulatory", "B: excretory", "C: digestive", "D: immune" ]

ACTAAP_2013_7_9

Why should plants be included in investigations about the water cycle?

{ "text": [ "Plants speed up the water cycle by removing carbon from the air.", "Plants start the water cycle when they make water in photosynthesis.", "Plants are part of the water cycle through the process of transpiration.", "Plants stop the water cycle because they absorb it and stop the flow to streams." ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

C

[ "A: Plants speed up the water cycle by removing carbon from the air.", "B: Plants start the water cycle when they make water in photosynthesis.", "C: Plants are part of the water cycle through the process of transpiration.", "D: Plants stop the water cycle because they absorb it and stop the flow to streams." ]

AKDE&ED_2012_4_19

Which statement best identifies a basic need of all animals?

{ "text": [ "They need to eat.", "They need to hide.", "They need to jump.", "They need to smell." ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

A

[ "A: They need to eat.", "B: They need to hide.", "C: They need to jump.", "D: They need to smell." ]

MCAS_2016_5_13

Which of the following describes an instinctive behavior?

{ "text": [ "a behavior that occurs only in adult fish", "a behavior that occurs only in small mammals", "a behavior that an animal learns how to do over time", "a behavior that an animal is born knowing how to do" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

D

[ "A: a behavior that occurs only in adult fish", "B: a behavior that occurs only in small mammals", "C: a behavior that an animal learns how to do over time", "D: a behavior that an animal is born knowing how to do" ]

Mercury_7267873

Which of these provide the best evidence that life could develop on Mars?

{ "text": [ "its atmospheric gases", "its surface temperatures", "its craters and rocky surface", "its ice and organic molecules" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

D

[ "A: its atmospheric gases", "B: its surface temperatures", "C: its craters and rocky surface", "D: its ice and organic molecules" ]

Mercury_SC_407162

The primary reason that plants are important for an ecosystem is because they

{ "text": [ "provide energy for consumers.", "depend on other organisms for shelter.", "break down dead animal matter.", "consume nutrients for energy." ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

A

[ "A: provide energy for consumers.", "B: depend on other organisms for shelter.", "C: break down dead animal matter.", "D: consume nutrients for energy." ]

Mercury_7008890

Energy from the Sun reaches Earth by

{ "text": [ "radiation.", "conduction.", "convection.", "thermal expansion." ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

A

[ "A: radiation.", "B: conduction.", "C: convection.", "D: thermal expansion." ]

Mercury_7235900

Scientists study the current conditions of many solar system objects to gain insight into conditions early in the history of Earth. Which phenomenon most closely models current theories of early Earth?

{ "text": [ "liquid forming valleys on Mars", "hundreds of active volcanoes on Io", "rock and ice forming the core of Neptune", "ice covering the entire surface of Europa" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

B

[ "A: liquid forming valleys on Mars", "B: hundreds of active volcanoes on Io", "C: rock and ice forming the core of Neptune", "D: ice covering the entire surface of Europa" ]

Mercury_SC_408323

Jonathan places a pot of water on a stove. As the water boils, how does the state of the water change?

{ "text": [ "from gas to liquid", "from liquid to gas", "from liquid to solid", "from solid to liquid" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

B

[ "A: from gas to liquid", "B: from liquid to gas", "C: from liquid to solid", "D: from solid to liquid" ]

Mercury_404795

Animal cells obtain energy by

{ "text": [ "processing sunlight.", "absorbing nutrients.", "growing.", "dividing." ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

B

[ "A: processing sunlight.", "B: absorbing nutrients.", "C: growing.", "D: dividing." ]

Mercury_7071628

Which illness is associated with a weakened immune system in the body?

{ "text": [ "tetanus", "cancer", "measles", "rabies" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

B

[ "A: tetanus", "B: cancer", "C: measles", "D: rabies" ]

Mercury_7183645

In the human kidney, urea from the blood is filtered through the glomerular membrane into a nephron. The movement of urea across this membrane occurs without an input of energy. Which factor is the most likely reason urea absorption does not require energy?

{ "text": [ "a pH imbalance", "a pressure difference", "a temperature increase", "a concentration gradient" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

D

[ "A: a pH imbalance", "B: a pressure difference", "C: a temperature increase", "D: a concentration gradient" ]

Mercury_7115448

The greatest amount of diversity can be found among which type of organism?

{ "text": [ "plants", "animals", "bacteria", "fungi" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

C

[ "A: plants", "B: animals", "C: bacteria", "D: fungi" ]

Mercury_7223125

Which energy type is common enough in Nevada to make a significant contribution to the renewable energy needs of the state?

{ "text": [ "coal", "geothermal", "natural gas", "petroleum" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

B

[ "A: coal", "B: geothermal", "C: natural gas", "D: petroleum" ]

Mercury_7207428

Until recently the Grand Canyon was thought to be about 5-6 million years old. Recently a scientist gathered data and wrote a paper for a scientific journal that indicated the canyon is about 17 million years old. Before this new information about the canyon is accepted, which of these needs to occur?

{ "text": [ "The scientist needs to publish additional papers.", "The scientist needs to obtain government support.", "Other scientists need to state their beliefs.", "Many scientists need to evaluate the data." ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

D

[ "A: The scientist needs to publish additional papers.", "B: The scientist needs to obtain government support.", "C: Other scientists need to state their beliefs.", "D: Many scientists need to evaluate the data." ]

Mercury_SC_400220

Which human trait is most likely inherited from a parent?

{ "text": [ "learning to ride a bike", "holding a spoon", "reading a book", "height" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

D

[ "A: learning to ride a bike", "B: holding a spoon", "C: reading a book", "D: height" ]

MCAS_2005_9_2

Foam weather stripping is often placed in the frames of doors and windows in a home. What is the purpose of this weather stripping?

{ "text": [ "The weather stripping increases heat transfer by radiation.", "Heat is conducted quickly through the weather stripping.", "The weather stripping reduces heat loss due to convection.", "Heat can transfer through the weather stripping due to reflection." ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

C

[ "A: The weather stripping increases heat transfer by radiation.", "B: Heat is conducted quickly through the weather stripping.", "C: The weather stripping reduces heat loss due to convection.", "D: Heat can transfer through the weather stripping due to reflection." ]

NYSEDREGENTS_2004_8_1

The items listed below were found in a science classroom. * a heart made of plastic with many of its parts labeled * clay formed to look like Earth and other planets * a giant plastic plant cell with removable cell parts These items are all examples of

{ "text": [ "models", "experiments", "variables", "controls" ], "label": [ "1", "2", "3", "4" ] }

1

[ "1: models", "2: experiments", "3: variables", "4: controls" ]

MCAS_2008_8_5701

For a technology project, Kyle came up with an idea to build a model bridge. He wants his bridge to span 50 cm and to support a 1 kg object. According to the engineering design process, which of the following should be Kyle's next step?

{ "text": [ "construct prototypes of different kinds of bridges", "research the different designs of bridges", "gather the materials needed to build the bridge", "make a drawing to show how to build the bridge" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

B

[ "A: construct prototypes of different kinds of bridges", "B: research the different designs of bridges", "C: gather the materials needed to build the bridge", "D: make a drawing to show how to build the bridge" ]

TIMSS_2011_8_pg118

Light travels fastest through which of the following?

{ "text": [ "air", "glass", "water", "a vacuum" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

D

[ "A: air", "B: glass", "C: water", "D: a vacuum" ]

Mercury_SC_408414

Different systems of the human body perform different functions. Which system takes oxygen from the air to be moved by the circulatory system?

{ "text": [ "the respiratory system", "the digestive system", "the nervous system", "the skeletal system" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

A

[ "A: the respiratory system", "B: the digestive system", "C: the nervous system", "D: the skeletal system" ]

MCAS_2004_5_4

A solar cell turns sunlight into another form of energy. A solar cell is most like what natural structure?

{ "text": [ "an elephant's ears", "a plant's leaves", "a deer's hooves", "a tree's roots" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

B

[ "A: an elephant's ears", "B: a plant's leaves", "C: a deer's hooves", "D: a tree's roots" ]

MCAS_2012_5_18

The Sun appears to move across the sky each day, rising in the east and setting in the west. What causes this apparent motion?

{ "text": [ "the rotation of Earth on its axis", "the revolution of the Sun around Earth", "the Earth’s distance from the Sun", "the properties of Earth’s atmosphere" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

A

[ "A: the rotation of Earth on its axis", "B: the revolution of the Sun around Earth", "C: the Earth’s distance from the Sun", "D: the properties of Earth’s atmosphere" ]

OHAT_2009_5_44

What causes a blue block to appear blue in the sunlight?

{ "text": [ "The block absorbs all blue light.", "The block bends (refracts) all blue light.", "Only blue light is reflected by the block.", "Only blue light passes through the block." ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

C

[ "A: The block absorbs all blue light.", "B: The block bends (refracts) all blue light.", "C: Only blue light is reflected by the block.", "D: Only blue light passes through the block." ]

Mercury_7121958

A student determined the density of different bars of soap. Which should the student most likely do to check the accuracy of the results?

{ "text": [ "complete the experiment in one day", "test multiple brands of soap", "record data in metric units", "repeat the experiment" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

D

[ "A: complete the experiment in one day", "B: test multiple brands of soap", "C: record data in metric units", "D: repeat the experiment" ]

Mercury_SC_400024

Which method below would be the best way to determine if an egg, plastic foam, a piece of wood, or a candle would float on water?

{ "text": [ "observing each object in water", "measuring the size of each object", "calculating the weight of the objects", "comparing the shapes of the objects" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

A

[ "A: observing each object in water", "B: measuring the size of each object", "C: calculating the weight of the objects", "D: comparing the shapes of the objects" ]

Mercury_SC_405024

Liam lives in the Northern Hemisphere of Earth and plays in the snow in December. His friend lives in the Southern Hemisphere of Earth and plays at the beach in December. What is the best explanation for why this is possible?

{ "text": [ "tilt of Earth on its axis", "rotation of Earth on its axis", "revolution of Earth around the Sun", "revolution of the Moon around Earth" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

A

[ "A: tilt of Earth on its axis", "B: rotation of Earth on its axis", "C: revolution of Earth around the Sun", "D: revolution of the Moon around Earth" ]

CSZ_2004_5_CSZ10300

A scientist needs to take a picture of the well-ordered arrangements of the atoms and molecules within a substance. Which of the following instruments would be best for the scientist to use?

{ "text": [ "a laser light with holograph.", "a seismograph.", "an electron microscope.", "a stereoscope." ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

C

[ "A: a laser light with holograph.", "B: a seismograph.", "C: an electron microscope.", "D: a stereoscope." ]

Mercury_7212433

Gold atoms can be identified based on the number of which subatomic particles?

{ "text": [ "neutrons", "electrons", "nuclei", "protons" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

D

[ "A: neutrons", "B: electrons", "C: nuclei", "D: protons" ]

Mercury_SC_402050

Which is needed for both boiling and melting to occur?

{ "text": [ "solids", "gases", "heat", "pressure" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

C

[ "A: solids", "B: gases", "C: heat", "D: pressure" ]

NAEP_2005_8_S11+15

Which of the following is an example of genetic engineering?

{ "text": [ "Growing a whole plant from a single cell.", "Finding the sequences of bases in plant DNA.", "Inserting a gene into plants that makes them resistant to insects.", "Attaching the root of one type of plant to the stem of another type of plant." ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

C

[ "A: Growing a whole plant from a single cell.", "B: Finding the sequences of bases in plant DNA.", "C: Inserting a gene into plants that makes them resistant to insects.", "D: Attaching the root of one type of plant to the stem of another type of plant." ]

MCAS_2009_8_8

Which of the following is an example of a container that is filled with a pure substance rather than with a mixture?

{ "text": [ "a tire filled with air", "a jar filled with salt water", "a balloon filled with helium", "a glass filled with chocolate milk" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

C

[ "A: a tire filled with air", "B: a jar filled with salt water", "C: a balloon filled with helium", "D: a glass filled with chocolate milk" ]

CSZ_2006_5_CSZ10326

Which best describes the role of the esophagus in digestion?

{ "text": [ "It releases acid and mixes food.", "It aids in absorption of nutrients from food.", "It carries food from the mouth to the stomach.", "It carries food from the stomach to the intestines." ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

C

[ "A: It releases acid and mixes food.", "B: It aids in absorption of nutrients from food.", "C: It carries food from the mouth to the stomach.", "D: It carries food from the stomach to the intestines." ]

AKDE&ED_2012_4_46

Which change is most likely caused by a thunderstorm?

{ "text": [ "a glacier moving", "a stream flooding", "a volcano erupting", "a mountain forming" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

B

[ "A: a glacier moving", "B: a stream flooding", "C: a volcano erupting", "D: a mountain forming" ]

Mercury_7213938

Which is an example of an organism that has been selectively bred for a particular genetic trait?

{ "text": [ "cats that eat mice", "cows that graze on grass", "pigs that form large herds", "chickens that lay large eggs" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

D

[ "A: cats that eat mice", "B: cows that graze on grass", "C: pigs that form large herds", "D: chickens that lay large eggs" ]

Mercury_7033618

Which of these can be described as a system of stars, gases, dust, and other matter that orbits a common center of gravity?

{ "text": [ "an asteroid", "a galaxy", "a nebula", "a comet" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

B

[ "A: an asteroid", "B: a galaxy", "C: a nebula", "D: a comet" ]

Mercury_7144743

The Florida Bog Frog (Lithobates okaloosae) inhabits shallow stream overflows in three counties in Florida. With such a small geographic habitat, any change in the frog's environment could cause drastic changes in the population. Which would most likely affect the frog population if acid rain changed the pH of the water?

{ "text": [ "Prey insects would become inedible.", "Tadpoles would be unable to survive.", "Breeding sites would become unavailable.", "Predators would choose another food source." ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

B

[ "A: Prey insects would become inedible.", "B: Tadpoles would be unable to survive.", "C: Breeding sites would become unavailable.", "D: Predators would choose another food source." ]

Mercury_7248325

Which function do kidneys provide to maintain homeostasis?

{ "text": [ "the removal of excess heat from the body", "the removal of carbon dioxide from the body", "the removal of excess oxygen from the blood", "the removal of nitrogenous wastes from the blood" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

D

[ "A: the removal of excess heat from the body", "B: the removal of carbon dioxide from the body", "C: the removal of excess oxygen from the blood", "D: the removal of nitrogenous wastes from the blood" ]

Mercury_7001750

While running, leg muscles work to move leg bones, and the skin helps to

{ "text": [ "regulate body temperature.", "sense small changes in the heart rate.", "transport nutrients to muscles.", "maintain oxygen levels in the blood." ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

A

[ "A: regulate body temperature.", "B: sense small changes in the heart rate.", "C: transport nutrients to muscles.", "D: maintain oxygen levels in the blood." ]

Mercury_7166898

Rolanda is growing tomato plants in her garden. She has created a compost pile and has been adding compost around her tomato plants to help fertilize them. Compost is solid waste in which organic material is broken down by microorganisms in the presence of oxygen to where it can be safely stored, handled, and applied to the environment. On what does Rolanda primarily rely in order for composting to work?

{ "text": [ "producers", "consumers", "scavengers", "decomposers" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

D

[ "A: producers", "B: consumers", "C: scavengers", "D: decomposers" ]

Mercury_7164605

Some students were on a tour exploring the inside of a cave. While the students were in the cave, they realized they heard an echo every time that they spoke. Which most likely caused the echo to occur?

{ "text": [ "the accumulation of the sound waves", "the diffraction of the sound waves", "the refraction of the sound waves", "the reflection of the sound waves" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

D

[ "A: the accumulation of the sound waves", "B: the diffraction of the sound waves", "C: the refraction of the sound waves", "D: the reflection of the sound waves" ]

Mercury_7114048

A scientist uses angstrom units to measure the distance between two points. The scientist is most likely measuring the distance between two

{ "text": [ "atoms.", "cities.", "continents.", "stars." ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

A

[ "A: atoms.", "B: cities.", "C: continents.", "D: stars." ]

Mercury_7220745

Based on the evidence available at the time, early models of the solar system stated that all objects in space orbited Earth. In the 16th century, an astronomer reevaluated the evidence and proposed a model of the solar system that is still in use. What part of this model corrected the mistake in previous solar system models?

{ "text": [ "The Sun is at the center of this model.", "Earth is the largest object in this model.", "This model contains more than one star.", "This model shows that Earth is stationary." ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

A

[ "A: The Sun is at the center of this model.", "B: Earth is the largest object in this model.", "C: This model contains more than one star.", "D: This model shows that Earth is stationary." ]

Mercury_7137655

The hormone insulin is secreted by the pancreas. Which activity is most likely to trigger an increase in the levels of insulin circulating in the blood?

{ "text": [ "driving", "eating", "jogging", "sleeping" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

B

[ "A: driving", "B: eating", "C: jogging", "D: sleeping" ]

Mercury_7094850

In gym class a student kicks a soccer ball high into the air. As the ball goes upward, which type of energy is increasing?

{ "text": [ "kinetic energy", "thermal energy", "potential energy", "mechanical energy" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

C

[ "A: kinetic energy", "B: thermal energy", "C: potential energy", "D: mechanical energy" ]

Mercury_7043733

Which best describes the orbit of the Moon around Earth?

{ "text": [ "circular with a period of about one month", "circular with a period of about one week", "elliptical with a period of about one month", "elliptical with a period of about one week" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

C

[ "A: circular with a period of about one month", "B: circular with a period of about one week", "C: elliptical with a period of about one month", "D: elliptical with a period of about one week" ]

OHAT_2011_8_41

In any physical or chemical process, what two quantities are always conserved?

{ "text": [ "matter and total energy", "light and acoustic energy", "density and thermal energy", "gravity and potential energy" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

A

[ "A: matter and total energy", "B: light and acoustic energy", "C: density and thermal energy", "D: gravity and potential energy" ]

TIMSS_2003_8_pg5

The nucleus of MOST atoms consists of

{ "text": [ "neutrons only", "protons and neutrons", "protons and electrons", "neutrons and electrons" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

B

[ "A: neutrons only", "B: protons and neutrons", "C: protons and electrons", "D: neutrons and electrons" ]

MCAS_2008_8_5702

The complete removal of decomposers from an ecosystem will have the greatest effect on which of the following?

{ "text": [ "the spread of disease", "the availability of water", "the recycling of nutrients", "the distribution of organisms" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

C

[ "A: the spread of disease", "B: the availability of water", "C: the recycling of nutrients", "D: the distribution of organisms" ]

LEAP_2008_8_10424

In an accurate diagram of the solar system, which object would be shown closest to Earth?

{ "text": [ "the Moon", "the asteroid belt", "Mars", "Saturn" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

A

[ "A: the Moon", "B: the asteroid belt", "C: Mars", "D: Saturn" ]

MCAS_2000_8_11

Typically, sedimentary rocks are formed

{ "text": [ "only in erupting volcanoes.", "only under great pressure and high temperatures.", "below Earth's surface as magma cools and crystallizes.", "from materials that settle." ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

D

[ "A: only in erupting volcanoes.", "B: only under great pressure and high temperatures.", "C: below Earth's surface as magma cools and crystallizes.", "D: from materials that settle." ]

Mercury_7068618

Which renewable resource is used with photovoltaic cells to produce electricity?

{ "text": [ "hydrothermal energy", "solar energy", "geothermal energy", "nuclear energy" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

B

[ "A: hydrothermal energy", "B: solar energy", "C: geothermal energy", "D: nuclear energy" ]

Mercury_SC_402621

Which will most likely happen to a solid substance that is heated?

{ "text": [ "It will melt.", "It will boil.", "It will harden.", "It will evaporate." ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

A

[ "A: It will melt.", "B: It will boil.", "C: It will harden.", "D: It will evaporate." ]

Mercury_7081638

A scientist observes an unusual activity while studying bacterial cells. Using scientific inquiry to investigate the activity will enable the scientist to

{ "text": [ "control the behavior.", "prove that the behavior is beneficial.", "evaluate different explanations of the behavior.", "conclude how the behavior will change in the future." ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

C

[ "A: control the behavior.", "B: prove that the behavior is beneficial.", "C: evaluate different explanations of the behavior.", "D: conclude how the behavior will change in the future." ]

NYSEDREGENTS_2009_8_31

In order to survive, all organisms must have

{ "text": [ "chlorophyll", "carbon dioxide", "energy", "blood" ], "label": [ "1", "2", "3", "4" ] }

3

[ "1: chlorophyll", "2: carbon dioxide", "3: energy", "4: blood" ]

NYSEDREGENTS_2005_8_43

Which observation of a plant supports the inference that photosynthesis can take place?

{ "text": [ "a strong, sweet smell", "a dry, rough texture", "a green color", "a smooth stem" ], "label": [ "1", "2", "3", "4" ] }

3

[ "1: a strong, sweet smell", "2: a dry, rough texture", "3: a green color", "4: a smooth stem" ]

Mercury_SC_402028

To safely conduct an experiment using chemicals, what should students always do?

{ "text": [ "Work in large groups.", "Wear safety goggles.", "Wear short sleeves.", "Keep a window open." ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

B

[ "A: Work in large groups.", "B: Wear safety goggles.", "C: Wear short sleeves.", "D: Keep a window open." ]

NYSEDREGENTS_2009_8_25

Infections may be caused by

{ "text": [ "mutations", "microorganisms", "toxic substances", "climate changes" ], "label": [ "1", "2", "3", "4" ] }

2

[ "1: mutations", "2: microorganisms", "3: toxic substances", "4: climate changes" ]

Mercury_7008313

Which are two parts of the carbon cycle?

{ "text": [ "freezing and thawing", "growth and reproduction", "evaporation and precipitation", "photosynthesis and respiration" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

D

[ "A: freezing and thawing", "B: growth and reproduction", "C: evaporation and precipitation", "D: photosynthesis and respiration" ]

Mercury_SC_408413

The digestive system breaks food into simple substances that the body can use. What system carries these simple substances from the digestive system to other parts of the body?

{ "text": [ "circulatory", "nervous", "respiratory", "skeletal" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

A

[ "A: circulatory", "B: nervous", "C: respiratory", "D: skeletal" ]

Mercury_182140

A student conducts an experiment using a common but potentially harmful bacteria culture. After working with the bacteria, which is the most important safety practice to follow?

{ "text": [ "turn off any electrical equipment", "dispose of waste materials", "wash hands and tabletops thoroughly", "return materials to their proper place" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

C

[ "A: turn off any electrical equipment", "B: dispose of waste materials", "C: wash hands and tabletops thoroughly", "D: return materials to their proper place" ]

Mercury_SC_415479

Which of these environmental changes goes on for months or years?

{ "text": [ "drought", "flood", "avalanche", "landslide" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

A

[ "A: drought", "B: flood", "C: avalanche", "D: landslide" ]

Mercury_SC_416531

Erin placed her shamrock plant in a dark corner. Soon she saw that the leaves had tilted toward her window. What did the plant need most from the window?

{ "text": [ "sunlight during the day", "air during the day", "darkness at night", "warmth at night" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

A

[ "A: sunlight during the day", "B: air during the day", "C: darkness at night", "D: warmth at night" ]

MEA_2011_8_10

Which gravitational pull has the greatest influence on Earth's tides?

{ "text": [ "the gravitational pull between Earth and the Moon", "the gravitational pull between Earth and the Sun", "the gravitational pull between Earth and Jupiter", "the gravitational pull between Earth and Mars" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

A

[ "A: the gravitational pull between Earth and the Moon", "B: the gravitational pull between Earth and the Sun", "C: the gravitational pull between Earth and Jupiter", "D: the gravitational pull between Earth and Mars" ]

Mercury_7142363

One key physical process in beach formation is wave action. Sand is deposited on beaches as waves break onto the shoreline and the energy from the wave scatters. Which type of energy is most used by wave action to modify the shape of the beaches?

{ "text": [ "thermal", "potential", "chemical", "mechanical" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

D

[ "A: thermal", "B: potential", "C: chemical", "D: mechanical" ]

VASoL_2008_3_34

A student is asked to bring something that feels rough to class. Which would be BEST for him to bring?

{ "text": [ "Pillow", "Marble", "Sandpaper", "Trading card" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

C

[ "A: Pillow", "B: Marble", "C: Sandpaper", "D: Trading card" ]

Mercury_SC_400835

What tool would be used to examine a fingerprint?

{ "text": [ "a graduated cylinder", "a hand lens", "a pair of goggles", "a thermometer" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

B

[ "A: a graduated cylinder", "B: a hand lens", "C: a pair of goggles", "D: a thermometer" ]

MCAS_2015_5_15

Which of the following is a mineral?

{ "text": [ "diamond", "plastic", "steel", "wood" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

A

[ "A: diamond", "B: plastic", "C: steel", "D: wood" ]

Mercury_SC_415409

During a rainstorm, leaves wash down a gully on a hillside. The water slows down at the foot of the hill and fans out, depositing the leaves. What geologic structure is formed in a similar way?

{ "text": [ "a basalt column", "a stalactite", "a fault line", "a delta" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

D

[ "A: a basalt column", "B: a stalactite", "C: a fault line", "D: a delta" ]

Mercury_SC_401237

The change in fur color of the Arctic hare from brown in the summer to white in the winter is an example of

{ "text": [ "mimicry.", "heredity.", "diversity.", "camouflage." ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

D

[ "A: mimicry.", "B: heredity.", "C: diversity.", "D: camouflage." ]

VASoL_2007_3_8

Which sense is used to tell if there is sugar in a glass of tea?

{ "text": [ "Touch", "Hearing", "Smell", "Taste" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

D

[ "A: Touch", "B: Hearing", "C: Smell", "D: Taste" ]

NYSEDREGENTS_2005_8_4

The surface of Earth is covered by a relatively thin layer of water called the

{ "text": [ "crust", "mantle", "hydrosphere", "atmosphere" ], "label": [ "1", "2", "3", "4" ] }

3

[ "1: crust", "2: mantle", "3: hydrosphere", "4: atmosphere" ]

Mercury_7251930

All organisms contain DNA and RNA. What are the subunits of DNA and RNA?

{ "text": [ "simple sugars", "amino acids", "carbohydrates", "nucleotides" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

D

[ "A: simple sugars", "B: amino acids", "C: carbohydrates", "D: nucleotides" ]

Mercury_SC_413305

How does ice change the shape of rocks?

{ "text": [ "It dissolves the rocks by pooling on surfaces.", "It breaks the rocks by expanding in openings.", "It smooths the rocks by colliding with them.", "It moves the rocks by pressing on them." ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

B

[ "A: It dissolves the rocks by pooling on surfaces.", "B: It breaks the rocks by expanding in openings.", "C: It smooths the rocks by colliding with them.", "D: It moves the rocks by pressing on them." ]

Mercury_7234203

Which property of Earth's interior keeps the innermost part in a solid state?

{ "text": [ "relatively low temperature", "extremely high pressure", "high rate of heat flow", "low rate of radioactive decay" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

B

[ "A: relatively low temperature", "B: extremely high pressure", "C: high rate of heat flow", "D: low rate of radioactive decay" ]

Mercury_7217753

Diseases that can be transmitted between organisms are

{ "text": [ "infectious.", "inherited.", "environmental.", "congenital." ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

A

[ "A: infectious.", "B: inherited.", "C: environmental.", "D: congenital." ]

Mercury_SC_401229

The transfer of thermal energy from one object to another is known as

{ "text": [ "heat.", "electricity.", "magnetism.", "temperature." ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

A

[ "A: heat.", "B: electricity.", "C: magnetism.", "D: temperature." ]

Mercury_405868

Which part of the body carries out the function of copying DNA?

{ "text": [ "brain", "heart", "bones", "cells" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

D

[ "A: brain", "B: heart", "C: bones", "D: cells" ]

Mercury_7025428

The atomic mass of an atom is

{ "text": [ "the same as the atomic number.", "the same as the group number.", "the sum of protons and neutrons.", "the difference between protons and electrons." ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

C

[ "A: the same as the atomic number.", "B: the same as the group number.", "C: the sum of protons and neutrons.", "D: the difference between protons and electrons." ]

NYSEDREGENTS_2009_8_26

Different species of carnivorous animals that share the same habitat in an ecosystem may

{ "text": [ "become decomposers", "compete for food", "produce their own food", "mate with each other" ], "label": [ "1", "2", "3", "4" ] }

2

[ "1: become decomposers", "2: compete for food", "3: produce their own food", "4: mate with each other" ]

Mercury_SC_401005

Which scientist is best known for studying plants and animals?

{ "text": [ "Isaac Newton", "Albert Einstein", "Charles Darwin", "Nicolaus Copernicus" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

C

[ "A: Isaac Newton", "B: Albert Einstein", "C: Charles Darwin", "D: Nicolaus Copernicus" ]

NYSEDREGENTS_2009_4_25

Green plants get the energy they need to make food from

{ "text": [ "air", "sunlight", "water", "soil" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

B

[ "A: air", "B: sunlight", "C: water", "D: soil" ]

NYSEDREGENTS_2006_4_4

The movement of soil by wind or water is called

{ "text": [ "condensation", "evaporation", "erosion", "friction" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

C

[ "A: condensation", "B: evaporation", "C: erosion", "D: friction" ]

Mercury_SC_415072

Arctic areas are covered with snow and ice for much of the year. Which color rabbits would be safest from foxes there?

{ "text": [ "grey", "black", "white", "brown" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

C

[ "A: grey", "B: black", "C: white", "D: brown" ]

MCAS_1999_8_20

The ratio of an object's mass to its volume is its

{ "text": [ "area.", "perimeter.", "density.", "weight." ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

C

[ "A: area.", "B: perimeter.", "C: density.", "D: weight." ]

Mercury_401205

As the hawk population increases in an ecosystem, the deer mouse population will most likely decrease as a result of

{ "text": [ "decrease in food source.", "increase in disease.", "increase in predators.", "decrease in habitat." ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

C

[ "A: decrease in food source.", "B: increase in disease.", "C: increase in predators.", "D: decrease in habitat." ]

Mercury_7207008

Greenhouse gases in the atmosphere trap heat near Earth's surface. Which of these is a greenhouse gas?

{ "text": [ "nitrogen", "argon", "water vapor", "oxygen" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

C

[ "A: nitrogen", "B: argon", "C: water vapor", "D: oxygen" ]

ACTAAP_2014_5_2

What happens during photosynthesis?

{ "text": [ "Insects pollinate plants.", "Plants change soil into food energy.", "Animals get carbon dioxide from plants.", "Plants change light energy into food energy." ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

D

[ "A: Insects pollinate plants.", "B: Plants change soil into food energy.", "C: Animals get carbon dioxide from plants.", "D: Plants change light energy into food energy." ]

TIMSS_1995_8_J4

Which is an example of a chemical reaction?

{ "text": [ "The melting of ice", "The grinding of salt crystals to powder", "The burning of wood", "The evaporation of water from a puddle" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

C

[ "A: The melting of ice", "B: The grinding of salt crystals to powder", "C: The burning of wood", "D: The evaporation of water from a puddle" ]