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Over at WWEShop, anybody pre-ordering the Attitude Era DVD/BD is eligible for 25% off selected “Retro T-Shirts” like the one above! Also remember that our promo code “DVDWWE5” gets you $5 off any order of $30 or more Go to the promotion.
Shown below, the latest issue of WWE Magazine is advertising the Attitude Era’s DVD release for November. Thanks to Peter Haase for passing along the pic. Note that the advertisement refers to Best Buy because they will be stocking a store exclusive version which you can pre-order here at BestBuy.com, listed with a TV-14 rating.
A new synopsis for WWE: The Attitude Era has also been revealed.
Bust out your Austin 3:16 shirt, strike a 5-second pose, heat up a delicious slice of pie and countdown to Y2J all over again with The Attitude Era. Go back to the days of debauchery when radical antiheroes ditched saying their prayers and taking their vitamins for opening up a can of whoop ass and laying the SmackDown; when rebels ruled the airwaves and PG stood for puppies and grapefruits.
This 3-disc slobberknocker is packed with all the action that pushed censors to new limits, shattered cable TV ratings and crushed WWE’s competition like a Spanish announcer’s table.
Featuring:
– The Austin/McMahon rivalry
– The invention of Hell in a Cell, TLC, Brawl for All and more
– The revamping of Superstars’ entrance music
– All the top stars such as The Rock, Stone Cold Steve Austin, Mick Foley (all three of them!), DX, Undertaker, Edge & Christian, Chris Jericho, Trish Stratus, The McMahons, Kane, The APA, Sable, Goldust, Val Venis, and more!
Fans can own a brand new documentary recounting all the infamous moments from this controversial and revolutionary era. Plus, over 6-hours of envelope-pushing special features include all the aggression, antics and innuendos that proved to be the perfect cocktail for an explosion of popularity.
69 Comments left on this article...
1999 was the best year for me when i started to watch the WWF/E when I was at the age of 8 yrs. old. SmackDown! was really cool at that time when they had a cool roster, awesome storylines, promos, matches, puppies (divas), and other cool things that they did. I did not watch Raw (Raw is War) at that time, so maybe I can watch it from 1997-2001. Anyway, I cannot wait to get this dvd, because it was a part of my childhood of becoming a wrestling fan in the late 1990s.
In terms of an actual year, it’s really hard for me to single out by year, wwhen WWF was most successful in the Attitude Era. If I really had to pick one year though, it’d have to be 1998.
1998 was a real groundbreaking year for WWE. The attention they got by having Tyson on their show really skyrocketed WWE to bigger heights then The Hulkamania Era took them. And considering how huge the company was in Hogan’s heyday, that was no small feat. The momentum continued with the Taker/Kane rivalry. The summer of 98 is still to to this very day, some of the VERY BEST entertainment they provided. To top it off, that summer was headlined, main evented by four of the best the industry had and WWE were lucky to have them and thankfully, utilized them to the fullest – Taker, Austin, Kane, Mankind, all veterans by that time who knew how to keep things rolling the right way.
Hey Dave, why do you always put people down for asking questions and sharing their opinions? Why don’t you have some patience and let people post what they want to post and not always have some insulting and smart ass comment for them.
I have patience…but not for stupidity and lack of common sense. This has been answered a million times. Sometime before or after December 31, 2012 the situation regarding future EU released will become clear. Until then NOBODY knows, except WWE.
Dave, what are you the WWEdvdnews police. Just ignore peoples posts instead of trying to argue with them and insulting them. You come off as some lonely loser who has no friends and no options in life.
Now i have 2 questions for you.. Where the match listsing and what about the EU release/? Please tell us!!
Dave, what are you, the WWEdvdnews police? Just ignore peoples posts instead of trying to argue with them and insulting them. You come off as some lonely loser who has no friends and no options in real life.
Now i have 2 questions for you Davey boy….. Where is the match listing and what about the EU release/? Please tell us!!
Remember that they also have a RAW DVD coming out in a few weeks with RAW 1000. So I am sure they will have a lot of attitude era stuff on there also. So maybe they will focus more on smackdown and PPVs on the attitude era DVD. Of course I am just speculating lol but that would be a smart move by WWE. If they put a lot of the same stuff on both the attitude era DVD and RAW 1000 then less people will buy both. I am really happy that we won’t have any of those stupid ass blurs.
Also for those of you thinking you’re getting PG content, think again. It has been confirmed through BestBuy.com that it is in fact TV-14. So in my estimation, we’ll get the good stuff we’ve all been hoping for. Or at least most of it.
I have a feeling one of the early chapters in the documentary will discuss where the Era actually began with personalities offering their opinion. However I don’t think they will conclusively answer when the Era began.
I really hope that they give all of the starts credit for the success of the Era, not just the top stars. As during the time the Divas, Tag Teams and mid/lower card superstars were all really involved, and added a lot to the period. As you would often get a ‘top’ star facing off with in a match with a lower card personality in a completive match – this in turn made fans invest in lots of superstars regardless of their position on the card (a point sorely missing with today’s product IMO).
I gotta question it’s not Attitude related. But why do when they show Goldbergs run in WCW, They give him the crappy WWE Theme. But on some of the short spots involving him in the WWE, like the Rock concert on the Rocks Dvd released back in Febuary. They give him his WCW theme it doesn’t make sense!
I noticed that 2 in the rock dvd the segement involving the rock and gillberg goldberg comes out to his wcw theme yet in matches hes involved in wcw they dub his theme, i dont understand that, they can use his theme so what the catch here, the only reason i can think of them dubbing his theme when he is in a wcw match is they dont have the rights to use the theme but can you use the theme if it was on WWE TV!!
Since SV can’t provide this, I wonder if I should wair for some new European supplier or get it from Austrailia or USA. Australia DVDs and Blu Rays are PAL, aren’t they?
But I have heard in the past that some say PAL looks better and some say NTSC. Or someone once mentionend that the WWE US pressings would look better than the Silvervision ones. I wonder on what this depends, my DVD and Blu Ray players are european.
What are your experiences with this matter (region code, pressing country and quality)?
As I understand it, the footage on Blu-ray discs is stored without either PAL/NTSC, and then the player will display it in the appropriate format for your TV (i.e. if you are in Europe it will playback as PAL and the US NTSC). I have both Silver Vision releases and US ones and notice no real difference at all on DVDs.
Obviously the US releases are region locked (1 for DVD & A for Blu-ray) however if you have a region free player you will have no problems, alternatively you may be able to find a ‘region hack’ for your current player online
In regard to Australia their DVDs are a different region to the UK – region 4, but they are PAL. And for Blu-ray they are within the region, thus those will play fine on all UK Blu-ray players.
I imported all WWE UK exclusive Blu-rays (even region locked B) up to Money in the Bank 2012 and they play great on my region free Blu-ray player and quality is amazing…none of that PAL to NTSC framerate conversion like with DVD.
Hey completely unrelated but dont think its been covered. Got the US edition of WWE12 today and the bonus blu ray is not region locked! Also it contains 2 complete episodes of Raw featuring The Rock. Thought id pass it along!
Documentary, huh? I guess that’s why Russo was on the NWO DVD. Guarantee he was brought in to do this, and they just used some extra stuff he filmed to fill out that NWO documentary. Whenever they bring in guys from outside the company, they’re usually not interviewing them for just one thing. Can’t be;ieve we don’t have a content list yet, can’t wait for this!
I am very excited to purchasing the Attitude era DVD. If some of you are going to complain about it thats concern content and other things include it then you shouldn’t be planning on buying it. All i know is i am fine whatever WWE puts on the Attitude era DVD. I remember those days when watched Raw every monday night and record but not the whole show. I only record it when involved Stone Cold Steve Austin, The Rock, Undertaker, DX, Mcmahon and other superstars that were my favorite. I hope they will included matches like Stone cold steve Austin vs The Undertaker the night after King of the ring 1999 where austin regain the WWE championship for a 4th time. Also, i would like to see the highest Raw episode from May 10, 1999 where they had the match between Austin, Rock and Vince vs Taker, HHH and Shane with HBK as the guest referee. If i had to pick my favorite times during the Attitude era it would be from 1998 to 1999. In 1999 is when WWE was really on top and hotter during the Monday night wars when WCW was started lose the battle from there to 2001. Can’t wait the relive those moments.
Seeing as Tyson was practically the launching pad for the Attitude era…makes sense to be on a DVD called “The Attitude Era”.
The Zamboni incident was fuel to the fire for Austin vs McMahon…why wouldn’t it be on?!
I can already tell lot of people are going to bitching and moaning about the content being “repeated”…and funny thing is people keep mentioning only RAW moments and matches…just so you guys know there were also PPVs and SD as well. Another added bonus is the “repeated” content will actually be unedited with no blurs…especially matches like HIAC with Foley/Taker which is a definite lock on this set.
Jericho and Edge and Christian aren’t exactly the first people that come to mind when I think of the Attitude Era. The company was at its most “attitudinal” just before Jericho came in. By the time E&C got their big push, the weekly shows were kind of bland actually. Good wrestling but they had definitely settled in at that point.
I’m sure it will be the standard documentary (Mick Foley has stated he was interviewed for this) with matches format. I doubt they’ll do any 100 countdown of moments or anything like that. One thing I would love to see on here, since it’s never been released (it’s on Youtube) is the segment where Terri Runnels won the Hardcore title and then lost it to Stevie Richards. Sure, it was right at the very end of the Attitude era, but it was pretty hot, and would fit in nicely on this set. As far as matches, I’m really hoping they include Undertaker vs Foley Hell in a Cell, since it will mark the very first time that match will be released on DVD or Blu-ray uncensored in the US.
Thats the problem with fans and people in general today…they’re pessimistic about everything, they find fault in everything instead of keeping an open mind. The content is not even out, yet your saying “the set isn’t going to be as good as some hoped”. Well, if thats how you think…then good luck to you…maybe you should get out of your parent’s basement and step outside in the real world.
Nice to see WWE embracing their past again. I can’t believe they actually addressed the rating issue with a gag about puppies and grapefruits! Something tells me they’re gonna go controversial again now that this campaign’s over, lol.
you tube?whats a youtube?ive been living in a cave for the past 10 years gotta love the internet asshats that think they can run people down cause they have a opinion that differs from theyre own may i suggest you losing your high and mighty attitude,and the fact that it has a documentary just makes me think that its gonna be a waste,they dont need a documentary just have three or four discs of matches and moments instead of a hr or two hrs of people who werent even there during the attitude era talking about theyre “memories”and “feelings” but hey im sure vincenzzzzzzo will have some holier than thou answer since hes the only person on here that has a opinion that matters
Thats awesome! This for sure has the potential to be dvd of the year. I don’t get why Katie Vick’s pom poms are on the cover though. they were post attitude era. Maybe theres another cheerleading segmet im overlooking but im not sure
Then you better grab a box of tissues now then, because I can almost bet all the money in my pocket you STILL won’t be satisfied – no matter what is on this DVD. You let yourself down. Instead of accepting something for what it is, you have to “fantasy concept” the DVD in your head, and when the listing doesn’t match what you had in your head, people like you throw a temper fit.
If something isn’t on a DVD and you want to see it, may I suggest youtube? You have heard of that site before, correct? They have 97% of what you want to see on there.
All i have to say is if this set is as top notch as it seems it could be and has a great doc and plenty of good moments with a few matches mixed in(since the attitude era was about the moments and not the matches for the most part)i think people should put there money where there mouth is everyone wants a change in wwe make this the top selling dvd and maybe they will listen and get more of an edge again if not then shut up about the current product | {
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石田くみ最新番号
【KA-1116】裂いてバズーカ！ 石田くみ</a>2002-11-01アリスJAPAN$$$アリスJAPAN45分钟 | {
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Corser & Xaus talks race results Brno (photo gallery)
The work done away from the track, together with the recent successful Italian tests, all added up to Brno being the best weekend of the season to date. Troy finished a superb fifth in race one, after leading the first couple of laps, and followed that up with a tenth in race two, despite tyre problems.
Ruben had qualified alongside Troy on the second row of the grid and was looking forward to him and Troy challenging the leaders in both the 20-lap races. But, a crash on the opening lap of the first race put paid to any chance of glory and left Ruben in the medical centre. After X-rays, it was discovered that he had broken the neck of his right femur. His right leg and hip area were put in plaster, to keep everything in a stable condition and prevent any further damage. Ruben will fly to hospital in Barcelona, where a specialist will assess the situation and decide what course of action is required.
Max Biaggi (Aprilia) won the first race, after Michel Fabrizio (Ducati) took out Ben Spies (Yamaha) after just four laps, with Honda team mates Carlos Checa and Jonathan Rea in second and third. Spies won the second race and closed the gap on series leader Noriyuki Haga (Ducati) to just seven points. Second was Biaggi, with Fabrizio third.
Troy Corser Speaks… (Race 1: 5th, Race 2: 10th)
I’m generally pretty happy with how the weekend has gone and it’s been good to be consistently in the top seven or eight in every session and also qualify for final Superpole. I feel so much more comfortable on the bike now and don’t feel as worn out afterwards as I have been. The recent tests have helped us a lot and it’s good to know that we are going in the right direction and it’s also good to know that there’s more to come. It’s a shame that Ruben crashed because I’m sure that he would’ve been right up there in both races. He is as happy with the rideability of the bike as I am and both of us are really beginning to enjoy ourselves.
Ruben Xaus Speaks… (Race 1: DNF, Race 2: DNS)
That was a bit pity because I have been so happy about the bike this weekend because it has been so much easier to ride. Finally we were getting somewhere and then I crash! I guess that maybe the tyre was a bit too hard and a bit too cool. I didn’t highside, I just fell off. I was sliding along OK and then I hit some deep gravel and that spun my right leg round and that’s when the damage was done. I want to be positive and say that at least the injury has happened when we are about to have five weeks or so off and that will give me time to recover. I can’t wait to get back on my bike and carry on with the recent improvements.
Berti Hauser Speaks… (BMW Motorrad Motorsport Director)
Firstly I would like to say that I hope it will not be too long before Ruben is able to join us again. I hope he is in not too much pain and I hope that he will heal quickly. The doctor told us that it is not a complicated break, so we will keep our fingers crossed for a speedy recovery. Ruben’s crash does not hide the fact that this weekend has been very positive for us and we are all happy about the recent improvements. We achieved our goal of a top five finish and, more importantly, we know which direction to take now. It’s good to see Troy and Ruben smiling this weekend and I’m really pleased that Troy is happy with the bike.
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If it has two wheels, Ultimate Motorcycling has the inside scoop. From the latest motorcycle and apparel reviews, to MotoGP results and OEM sales reports, Ultimate Motorcycling covers it all. Our small but passionate staff works endlessly to deliver quality and enjoyable motorcycle content. | {
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Enlarged Prostate - Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH) Treatment
About Benign Prostate Hyperplasia
Benign Prostate Hyperplasia, or BPH, is a condition in which the prostate becomes enlarged. The prostate is the gland partially responsible for the production of semen in males. It lies directly beneath the bladder and surrounds the urethra, which empties urine from the bladder. When ejaculation begins, the seminal vesicles, which store semen mixed with sperm, secrete the mixture through the prostate into the urethra. This mixture leaves the body as ejaculate. The prostate is on average the size of a golf ball in young adults and men in their mid 40s, having grown significantly from the size of a pea since childhood. Often, the prostate gets even larger in midlife. By this time, most commonly when men reach their late 40’s and early 50’s, the prostate may have become large enough to cause urine blockage due to its compressing of the urethra. This compression can block or interrupt urine flow, causing contractions of the muscles around the urethra. This makes urinating and completely emptying the bladder increasingly difficult. In some cases, the prostate can become very enlarged (the size of an apple) or extremely enlarged (the size of a grapefruit). However, patients can show symptoms of BHP even with mild to moderately enlarged prostates. It is important to note that an enlarged prostate, or BPH, is NOT the same as prostate cancer, nor does it make one more likely to develop cancer.
BPH Symptoms
At least half of all men develop enlargement of the prostate as they age. Only half of these men, or one quarter of the male population, develop symptoms so noticeable that they seek medical attention. Symptoms may vary greatly among individuals. Generally, patients with BPH present with lower urinary tract symptoms, which are classified into two groups: obstructive symptoms and irritative symptoms:
Obstructive symptoms include:
Difficulty initiating urination
Interrupted urinary stream (when urine flow comes in fits and starts)
Difficulty or inability to fully empty the bladder, and urine dribbling during or after urination
Irritative symptoms include:
Increasingly frequent urination
Urinary urgency, urinary incontinence (inability to hold urine)
Dysuria (painful urination)
Additionally, those with BPH may suffer from Nocturia, which is frequent urination at night.
While the above symptoms often do indicate the presence of BPH, they can also indicate many other urological and medical conditions. Men should always consult a Urologist or medical doctor if they are suffering from any of the above symptoms.
BPH Diagnosis
Your doctor will review your symptoms and obtain facts such as duration of your symptoms and whether your symptoms have been relatively stable or worsening over time. Additionally, your physician may have you complete an American Urological Association (AUA) BPH Symptom Score Index to better gauge the severity of your symptoms. Your doctor will then conduct a physical exam to feel the shape and size of your prostate by performing a rectal examination using a gloved finger. A urine sample may also be analyzed for the presence of infection and or microscopic blood and stone crystals.
Additionally, your doctor may examine your bladder with an ultrasound device called a bladder scan to check how much urine remains in your bladder after urination. Your doctor may also want to perform a transrectal ultrasound, or TRUS, which uses an ultrasound probe through the rectum to more accurately measure the size of the prostate and assess its shape and contours. This procedure is not dangerous or painful, but may be uncomfortable. Your doctor may also want to send a sample of your blood for further analysis, including a check of kidney function and PSA, which is a blood test done usually annually to screen for prostate cancer.
The Urodynamic pressure-flow study is another test that a physician may want to run on a patient suffering from BPH symptoms. During this procedure, in which topical anesthetics are administered, a very narrow catheter is inserted into the bladder through the urethra. This catheter is then connected to a urodynamic computer which measures the strength of contractions in the bladder. This test usually takes about fifteen to twenty minutes and is generally only performed on patients with severe or uncommon symptoms. Your doctor may also perform a cytoscopy or a CT urogram. During the cystoscopy, the physician inserts a very narrow tube with a camera inside, so that he or she can visualize any abnormal anatomy or blockages, as well as other conditions that may be causing the symptoms, such as a bladder stone or bladder tumor. This procedure is usually performed under local anesthesia or occasionally under intravenous sedation. During the CT urogram, a CT scan is taken of the entire urinary tract while dye flows through the system, and a radiologist looks for abnormal blockages. The doctor may also wish to perform a biopsy to ensure that the cause of the symptoms is indeed BPH and not something more severe such as prostate cancer. | {
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Mujuretuli
Mujuretuli is a red wine grape grown in Georgia. It is also known as Mudzhuretuli, Mudshuretuli and Keduretuli.
History
The Georgians claim it as one of their national varieties but it's found in Russia and Ukraine as well. Since 1907, it has been blended with Aleksandrouli to make Khvanchkara wine.
Distribution and Wines
Used in Georgia to produce a varietal rosé and a medium bodied, semi-dry, chewy blend (with Alexandrouli) having good acids and claimed to have aroma flavors reminiscent of pomegranates.
Vine and Viticulture
It has long clusters of deep purple grapes.
References
External links
Picture
Category:Red wine grape varieties
Category:Georgian wine | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
} |
---
abstract: 'A relativistic extension of our pseudo-shifted $\ell $–expansion technique is presented to solve for the eigenvalues of Dirac and Klein-Gordon equations. Once more we show the numerical usefulness of its results via comparison with available numerical integration data.'
address: 'Eastern Mediterranean University,'
author:
- Omar Mustafa
title: 'Perturbed Coulombic potentials in Dirac and Klein-Gordon equations'
---
\[theorem\][Acknowledgement]{} \[theorem\][Algorithm]{} \[theorem\][Axiom]{} \[theorem\][Claim]{} \[theorem\][Conclusion]{} \[theorem\][Condition]{} \[theorem\][Conjecture]{} \[theorem\][Corollary]{} \[theorem\][Criterion]{} \[theorem\][Definition]{} \[theorem\][Example]{} \[theorem\][Exercise]{} \[theorem\][Lemma]{} \[theorem\][Notation]{} \[theorem\][Problem]{} \[theorem\][Proposition]{} \[theorem\][Remark]{} \[theorem\][Solution]{} \[theorem\][Summary]{}
Introduction
============
Dirac and Klein-Gordon (KG) equation are not exactly soluble for most of Lorentz vector ( coupled as the 0-component of the 4-vector) and/or Lorentz scalar ( added to the mass term) potentials\[1-14\]. One, therefore, has to resort to some approximation schemes \[1-6\]. Yet, in between non-numerical and purely numerical non-relativistic (Schrödinger) and relativistic (KG and Dirac) wave equations there exists a broad [*gray zone*]{} of potentials tractable via various systematic semi-numerical (or semi-analytical) power-series expansions.
In numerous methodical predecessors of a subset of papers, Mustafa and co-workers \[7\] have sought a possibility in the power-law asymptotic expansions using some [*small*]{} parameter to solve for Schrödinger equation. It has been noted that the presence of the central spike $\ell
_{d}\,(\ell _{d}+1)\,/\,r^{2}$ (where $\ell _{d}=\ell +(d-3)/2$ and the dimensions $d\geq 2$) in the radial Schrödinger equation, just copies the effect of the centrifugal and/or centripetal force and immediately inspires the use of [*small shifted inverse angular momentum quantum number*]{}. Their PSLET ( pseudo-perturbative shifted-$\ell $ expansion technique) has provided persuasive numerical verifications by immediate comparison of its results with available [*brute force*]{} numerical data \[7\]. PSLET simply consists of using $1/\bar{l}$ as a perturbative expansion parameter, where $\bar{l}=\ell -\beta _{o}$, $\ell $ is a quantum number, and $\beta _{o}$ is a suitable shift introduced to avoid the trivial case $%
\ell =0$ \[7\].pagebreak
In this paper, we extend PSLET recipe to solve for Dirac and KG equations with Lorentz scalar and/or Lorentz vector radially symmetric potentials (in section 2). In section 3 we apply this relativistic recipe to some exactly solvable potentials ( e.g., $V(r)=S(r)=-A/r$, $V(r)=-A_{1}/r$ and $S(r)=0$, $%
V(r)=0$ and $S(r)=-A_{2}/r$, and the Dirac oscillator) and non-exactly solvable (by PSLET) potentials ( e.g., the pure scalar linear, the [*funnel-shapped*]{}, and the power-law potentials) to study the usefulness of its numerical results. We conclude in section 4.
PSLET recipe for Dirac and KG equations
=======================================
The Dirac equation with the Lorentz scalar ( added to the mass term) and Lorentz vector ( coupled as the 0-component of the 4-vector potential) potentials reads (in $\hbar =c=1$ units) $$\left\{ \vec{\alpha}.\vec{p}+\beta \,\left[ m+S(r)\right] \right\} \,\Psi (%
\vec{r})=\left\{ E-V(r)\right\} \,\Psi (\vec{r}).$$ Which decouples into $$\xi _{1}(r)\,G(r)+\frac{dF(r)}{dr}-\frac{\kappa }{r}F(r)=0,$$ $$\xi _{2}(r)\,F(r)-\frac{dG(r)}{dr}-\frac{\kappa }{r}G(r)=0.$$ where $\kappa =-\,(\ell +1)$ for $j=\ell +1/2$, $\kappa =\ell $ for $j=\ell
-1/2$, and $$\xi _{1}(r)=E-V(r)-\left[ m+S(r)\right] ,$$ $$\xi _{2}(r)=E+m-y(r);\;\;y(r)=V(r)-S(r).$$ $E$ is the relativistic energy, and $G(r)$ and $F(r)$ are the large and small radial components of the Dirac spinor, respectively. In terms of the large component $G(r),$ equation (2) reads $$\left[ \frac{d^{2}}{dr^{2}}-\frac{\kappa (\kappa +1)}{r^{2}}+\frac{1}{\xi
_{2}(r)}\,(\,y^{^{\prime }}(r)\,[\frac{d}{dr}+\frac{\kappa }{r}]\,)+\xi
_{1}(r)\,\xi _{2}(r)\right] G(r)=0,$$ where the prime denotes $d/dr.$ It can be shown that with the ansatz $$G(r)=\Phi (r)\,\,exp(-p(r)\,/\,2)~;~~\,~~p^{^{\prime }}(r)=y^{^{\prime
}}(r)\,/\,\xi _{2}(r),$$ equation (4) reads $$\left\{ -\frac{d^{2}}{dr^{2}}+\frac{\kappa (\kappa +1)}{r^{2}}+U(r)-\xi
_{1}(r)\,\xi _{2}(r)\right\} \Phi (r)=0,$$ where $$U(r)=\frac{y^{^{\prime \prime }}(r)}{2\,\xi _{2}(r)}-\frac{\kappa }{r}\frac{%
\,y^{^{\prime }}(r)}{\,\xi _{2}(r)}+\frac{3}{4}\,\left( \frac{y^{^{\prime
}}(r)}{\xi _{2}(r)}\right) ^{2}.$$ Obviously, equation (6) reduces to KG-equation with $\kappa \,(\kappa
+1)=\ell \,(\ell +1)$, for any $\kappa $, if $U(r)$ is set zero. It is therefore convenient to introduce a parameter $\lambda =0,\,1$ in $U(r)$ so that $\lambda =0$ and $\lambda =1$ correspond to KG and Dirac equations respectively. Also, we shall be interested in the problems where the rest energy $mc^{2}$ is large compared to the binding energy $E_{bind.}=E-mc^{2}$. This would manifest the approximation $$\frac{1}{\xi _{2}(r)}=\frac{1}{E_{bind.}+2m-y(r)}\simeq \frac{1}{2m}%
-O(1/m^{2}),$$ which in turn implies $$U(r)=\frac{\lambda }{4\,m}\left[ y^{^{\prime \prime }}(r)-\frac{2\,\kappa
\,y^{^{\prime }}(r)}{r}+\frac{3\,y^{^{\prime }}(r)^{2}}{4\,m}\right] .$$
For Coulombic-like potentials (i.e., a Lorentz-vector $V(r)=-A_{1}/r$ and a Lorentz-scalar $S(r)=-A_{2}/r$ potentials) one may re-scale the potentials and use the substitutions $$V_{r}(r)=V(r)^{2}-\frac{A_{1}^{2}}{r^{2}},$$ $$S_{r}(r)=S(r)^{2}-\frac{A_{2}^{2}}{r^{2}},$$ to recast equation (6) as $$\left[ -\frac{d^{2}}{dr^{2}}+\frac{[\,\bar{l}^{2}+\bar{l}\,(2\,\beta
_{o}+1)+\beta _{o}\,(\beta _{o}+1)]}{r^{2}}+\Gamma (r)+2\,E\,V(r)\right]
\,\Phi (r)=E^{2}\Phi (r).$$ where $$\Gamma (r)=-V_{r}(r)+S_{r}(r)+2\,m\,S(r)+m^{2}+U(r),$$ $$\bar{l}=\ell ^{\prime }-\beta _{o};\,\,\,\,\ell ^{\prime }=-\frac{1}{2}+%
\sqrt{\left( \ell +1/2\right) ^{2}-A_{1}^{2}+A_{2}^{2}},$$ and $\beta _{o}$ is a suitable shift to be determined below. Next, we shift the origin of the coordinate system $x=\bar{l}^{1/2}(r-r_{o})/r_{o}$, where $%
r_{o}$ is currently an arbitrary point to be determined through the minimization of the leading energy term below. It is therefore convenient to expand about $x=0$ (i.e., $r=r_{o}$) and use the following expansions $$r^{-2}=\sum_{n=0}^{\infty }\,\frac{a_{n}}{r_{o}^{2}}\,x^{n}\,\bar{l}%
^{-n/2};\,\,a_{n}=\left( -1\right) ^{n}\,(n+1),$$ $$\Gamma (x(r))=\frac{\bar{l}^{2}}{Q}\,\sum_{n=0}^{\infty }\,b_{n}\,x^{n}\,%
\bar{l}^{-n/2};\,\,b_{n}=\frac{d^{n}\,\Gamma (r_{o})}{dr_{o}^{n}}\,\frac{%
r_{o}^{n}}{n!}$$ $$V(x(r))=\frac{\bar{l}}{\sqrt{Q}}\,\sum_{n=0}^{\infty }\,c_{n}\,x^{n}\,\bar{l}%
^{-n/2};\,\,c_{n}=\frac{d^{n}\,V(r_{o})}{dr_{o}^{n}}\,\frac{r_{o}^{n}}{n!}$$ $$E=\frac{1}{\sqrt{Q}}\,\sum_{n=-1}^{\infty }\,E^{n}\,\bar{l}^{-n},$$ where $Q$ is set equal to $\,\bar{l}^{2}$ at the end of the calculations. With the above expressions into (12), one may collect all $x$-dependent terms of order $\bar{l}$ to imply the leading-order approximation for the energies $$E^{\left( -1\right) }=V(r_{o})\pm \sqrt{V(r_{o})^{2}+\Gamma (r_{o})+\frac{Q}{%
r_{o}^{2}}}.$$ Which upon minimization, i.e., $dE^{\left( -1\right) }/dr_{o}=0$ and $%
d^{2}E^{\left( -1\right) }/dr_{o}^{2}>0$, yields $$2\,Q=h\left( r_{o}\right) +\sqrt{h\left( r_{o}\right) ^{2}-g\left(
r_{o}\right) }$$ where $$h(r_{o})=r_{o}^{3}\left[ 2\,V(r_{o})\,V^{^{\prime }}(r_{o})+\Gamma
^{^{\prime }}(r_{o})+r_{o}V^{^{\prime }}(r_{o})^{2}\right] ,$$ $$g(r_{o})=r_{o}^{6}\left[ \Gamma ^{^{\prime
}}(r_{o})^{2}+4V(r_{o})V^{^{\prime }}(r_{o})\Gamma ^{^{\prime
}}(r_{o})-4\Gamma (r_{o})V^{^{\prime }}(r_{o})^{2}\right]$$ and primes denote derivatives with respect to $r_{o}$. This implies that $x%
\bar{l}^{-1}$-coefficients vanish, i.e.; $$Q\,a_{1}+r_{o}^{2}\,b_{1}+2\,r_{o}^{2}\,E^{\left( -1\right) }\,c_{1}=0.$$ Equation (12) therefore reduces to
$$\begin{aligned}
&&\left[ -\frac{d^{2}}{dx^{2}}+\sum_{n=2}^{\infty }T_{n}\,x^{n}\bar{l}%
^{-\left( n-2\right) /2}+\left( 2\,\beta _{o}+1\right) \sum_{n=0}^{\infty
}a_{n}\,x^{n}\,\bar{l}^{-n/2}\right. \nonumber \\
&&+\beta _{o}\,\left( \beta _{o}+1\right) \,\sum_{n=0}^{\infty
}a_{n}\,x^{n}\,\bar{l}^{-\left( n+2\right) /2} \nonumber \\
&&\left. +\frac{2\,r_{o}^{2}}{Q}\,\sum_{n=0}^{\infty
}\sum_{p=0}^{n+1}E^{\left( n-p\right) }\left( c_{2p}\,x^{2p}\,\bar{l}%
^{-n}+c_{2p+1}\,x^{2p+1}\bar{l}^{-\left( n+1/2\right) }\right) \right]
\,\Phi _{k,\ell }(x) \nonumber \\
&=&\left[ \frac{\,r_{o}^{2}}{Q}\,\,\sum_{n=-1}^{\infty
}\sum_{p=-1}^{n+1}E^{\left( n-p\right) }\,E^{\left( p\right) }\,\bar{l}%
^{-\left( n+1\right) }\right] \,\Phi _{k,\ell }(x)\end{aligned}$$
where $$T_{n}=a_{n}+\frac{r_{o}^{2}}{Q}\,b_{n}.$$ One may now compare equation (24) with the Schrödinger equation for the one-dimensional anharmonic oscillator $$\left[ -\frac{d^{2}}{dy^{2}}+\frac{1}{4}\,\omega ^{2}y^{2}+{\Large %
\varepsilon }_{o}+B(y)\right] \,Y_{k}(y)={\Large \mu }_{k}\,Y_{k}(y)$$ where $\varepsilon _{o}$ is constant, $B(y)$ is a perturbation like term and $${\Large \mu }_{k}={\Large \varepsilon }_{o}+(k+1/2)\omega
+\sum_{n=1}^{\infty }{\Large \mu }^{\left( n\right) }\,\bar{l}^{-n},$$ with $k=0,1,2,\cdots $ and $$\omega =\sqrt{12+\frac{2r_{o}^{4}}{Q}\,\Gamma ^{\prime \prime }(r_{o})+\frac{%
4\,r_{o}^{4}}{Q}\,E^{\left( -1\right) }\,V^{\prime \prime }(r_{o}).}$$ In a straightforward manner, one can show that $$E^{\left( 0\right) }=\frac{Q}{2r_{o}^{2}\left[ E^{\left( -1\right) }-c_{0}%
\right] }\left[ \left( 2\,\beta _{o}+1\right) +\left( k+1/2\right) \omega %
\right] ,$$ and choose $\beta _{o}\,$ so that $E^{\left( 0\right) }=0$ to obtain $$\beta _{o}=-\frac{1}{2}\left[ 1+\left( k+1/2\right) \omega \right] .$$ equation (24) then becomes
$$\left[ -\frac{d^{2}}{dx^{2}}+\sum_{n=0}^{\infty }{\Huge (}{\Large \upsilon }%
^{\left( n\right) }(x)\,\bar{l}^{-n/2}+J^{\left( n\right) }(x)\,\bar{l}%
^{-n}+K^{\left( n\right) }(x)\,\bar{l}^{-\left( n+1/2\right) }+{\LARGE %
\epsilon }^{\left( n\right) }\,\bar{l}^{-\left( n+1\right) }{\Huge )}\right]
\,\Phi _{k,\ell }(x)=0,$$
reak where $${\Large \upsilon }^{\left( 0\right) }(x)=T_{2}\,x^{2}+\left( 2\,\beta
_{o}+1\right) \,a_{0},$$
$${\Large \upsilon }^{\left( 1\right) }(x)=T_{3}\,x^{3}+\left( 2\,\beta
_{o}+1\right) \,a_{1}x,$$
$${\Large \upsilon }^{\left( n\right) }(x)=T_{n+2}\,x^{n+2}+\left( 2\,\beta
_{o}+1\right) \,a_{n}\,x^{n}+\beta _{o}\,(\beta
_{o}+1)\,a_{n-2}\,x^{n-2};\,\ n\geq 2,$$
$$J^{\left( n\right) }(x)=\left( \frac{2\,r_{o}^{2}}{Q}\right)
\sum_{p=0}^{n+1}E^{\left( n-p\right) }\,c_{2p}\,x^{2p},$$
$$K^{\left( n\right) }(x)=\left( \frac{2\,r_{o}^{2}}{Q}\right)
\sum_{p=0}^{n+1}E^{\left( n-p\right) }\,c_{2p+1}\,x^{2p+1}\,$$
$${\Huge \epsilon }^{\left( n\right) }=\left( \frac{\,r_{o}^{2}}{Q}\right)
\sum_{p=-1}^{n+1}E^{\left( n-p\right) }\,E^{\left( p\right) }.$$
Now we may closely follow PSLET recipe for the $k$-nodal wavefunction and define
$$\Phi _{k,\ell }(x)=F_{k,\,\ell }(x)\,\exp (U_{k,\,\ell }(x))$$
where $$F_{k,\,\ell }(x)=x^{k}+\sum_{n=0}^{\infty }\sum_{p=0}^{k-1}A_{p,k}^{\left(
n\right) }\,x^{p}\,\bar{l}^{-n/2},$$ $$U_{k,\,\ell }^{\prime }(x)=\sum_{n=0}^{\infty }\left( U_{k,\,\ell }^{\left(
n\right) }(x)\,\,\bar{l}^{-n/2}+G_{k,\,\ell }^{\left( n\right) }(x)\,\,\bar{l%
}^{-\left( n+1\right) /2}\right) ,$$ with $$U_{k,\,\ell }^{\left( n\right)
}(x)=\sum_{p=0}^{n+1}D_{p,n,k}\,x^{2p-1};\;\;D_{0,n,k}=0,$$
$$G_{k,\,\ell }^{\left( n\right) }(x)=\sum_{p=0}^{n+1}C_{p,n,k}\,x^{2p}.$$
Equation (31) then reads
$$\begin{aligned}
&&F_{k,\,\ell }(x)\sum_{n=0}^{\infty }{\huge [}{\Large \upsilon }^{\left(
n\right) }(x)\,\bar{l}^{-n/2}+J^{\left( n\right) }(x)\,\bar{l}%
^{-n}+K^{\left( n\right) }(x)\,\bar{l}^{-\left( n+1/2\right) }-{\Huge %
\epsilon }^{\left( n\right) }\,\bar{l}^{-\left( n+1\right) }{\huge ]}
\nonumber \\
&&-F_{k,\,\ell }(x)\,{\huge [}U_{k,\,\ell }^{^{\prime \prime
}}(x)+U_{k,\,\ell }^{^{\prime }}(x)U_{k,\,\ell }^{^{\prime }}(x){\huge ]}%
-2\,F_{k,\,\ell }^{\prime }(x)\,U_{k,\,\ell }^{^{\prime }}(x)-F_{k,\,\ell
}^{^{\prime \prime }}(x)=0\end{aligned}$$
where primes denote derivatives with respect to $x$. One may also eliminate $%
\,\bar{l}$-dependance from equation (43) to obtain four exactly solvable recursive relations ( see Appendix for details). Once $r_{o}$ is determined, through equation (20), one may then calculate the energy eigenvalues and eigenfunctions from the knowledge of $C_{p,n,k}$, $D_{p,n,k}$ and $%
A_{p,k}^{\left( n\right) }$ in a hierarchical manner.
Illustrative examples
=====================
In this section we illustrate the applicability of the above relativistic PSLET recipe through some examples covering Dirac and KG equations.
An equally mixed Coulomb potentials
-----------------------------------
For an equally mixed Coulombic potentials, i.e. $V(r)=S(r)=-A/r$, $U(r)$ in (9) vanishes. Consequently $\Gamma (r)=-2mA/r+m^{2}$, $Q=-A^{2}+2mAr$, $%
\omega =2$, $\beta _{o}=-\left( k+1\right) $, $r_{o}=\left[ \left( \ell
^{\prime }+k+1\right) ^{2}+A^{2}\right] \,/\left( 2mA\right) $, and the leading-order approximation reads $$E^{\left( -1\right) }=m\,\left[ 1-\frac{2\,A^{2}}{\left( k+\ell +1\right)
^{2}+A^{2}}\right] ,$$ which is the well known exact result for the generalized Dirac- and KG-Coulomb problems, where higher-order corrections vanish identically.
Vector Coulomb or scalar Coulomb potential
------------------------------------------
For $V(r)=-A_{1}/r$ and $S(r)=0$ or $V(r)=0$ and $S(r)=-A_{2}/r$ in KG equation one would obtain the well known exact results $$E^{\left( -1\right) }=m\left[ 1+\frac{A_{1}^{2}}{n_{1}^{2}}\right]
^{-1/2};\;\;n_{1}=k+\frac{1}{2}+\sqrt{\left( \ell +1/2\right) ^{2}-A_{1}^{2}}$$ or $$E^{\left( -1\right) }=\pm \,m\left[ 1-\frac{A_{2}^{2}}{n_{2}^{2}}\right]
^{1/2};\;\;n_{2}=k+\frac{1}{2}+\sqrt{\left( \ell +1/2\right) ^{2}+A_{2}^{2}}$$ respectively. Again higher-order corrections vanish identically.
Dirac oscillator
----------------
Following the work of Romero et al \[13\], the Dirac oscillator \[14\] eigenvalue problem ( see equation (30) in \[13\]) reduces to $$\left[ -\frac{d^{2}}{dr^{2}}+\frac{\Lambda (\Lambda +\epsilon \,\beta )}{%
r^{2}}+m^{2}B^{2}r^{2}+m^{2}+mB\left( \epsilon \left[ 2j+1\right] -\beta
\right) \right] \,\Phi (r)=E^{2}\Phi (r),$$ where $\Lambda =j+1/2$, $B$ is the oscillator frequency, and $\epsilon =\pm
1 $. In this case our $\Gamma (r)=m^{2}B^{2}r^{2}+m^{2}+mB\left( \epsilon %
\left[ 2j+1\right] -\beta \right) $, $\omega =4$, $r_{o}^{2}=$ $\bar{l}\,/mB$, and our leading term reads $$E^{\left( -1\right) }=\pm \,\left[ 2mB\left( 2k+\ell +3/2\right)
+m^{2}+mB\left( \epsilon \left[ 2j+1\right] -\beta \right) \right] ^{1/2}$$ with heigher-order terms identical zeros. Thus, if we take $N=2k+\ell $ ( the harmonic oscillator principle quantum number) we come out with the exact Dirac oscillator’s closed form solution (see equation (35) in \[13\]) $$E^{2}-m^{2}=\,\left[ 2mB\left( N+3/2\right) +mB\left( \epsilon \left[ 2j+1%
\right] -\beta \right) \right] .$$
Pure scalar linear potential
----------------------------
A pure scalar linear potential, i.e., $S(r)=Ar$ and $V(r)=0$, is precisely a quark confining potential. It has been used by Gunion and Li \[5\] in Dirac equation to find, numerically, part of Dirac $J/\Psi $ mass spectra.
Obviously, for this potential equation (20) has to be solved numerically. Then one can proceed to obtain the mass spectra for $A=0.137\,GeV^{2}$, $%
m=1.12\,GeV$, $\kappa =-\left( \ell +1\right) $, and $\kappa =\ell $ through the prescription $M=2E$.
In tables 1 and 2 we report our results for $J/\Psi $ mass ( in $GeV$) for $%
\kappa =-\left( \ell +1\right) $ and $\kappa =\ell $, respectively. To show the trends of convergence of our results, we report them as $M(N)=2E(N)$, with $N$ denoting the number of corrections added to the leading-order approximation $E^{\left( -1\right) }$. Our results are also compared with the numerically predicted ones of Gunion and Li \[5\]. Evidently, the accuracy and trend of convergence are satisfactory.
[*Funnel-shaped*]{} potential
-----------------------------
The [*funnel-shaped* ]{}potential is widely used in quarkonium physics. It has both vector and components, $V(r)$ and $S(r)$, respectively.
In Dirac equation, Stepanov and Tutik \[4\] have used numerical integrations and $\hbar $-expansion formalism without the traditional conversion of Dirac equation into a Schrődinger-like form (unlike what we have already done in section II above). They have obtained the Charmonium masses for $%
V(r)=-2\alpha /3r$ and $S(r)=br/2$, where $m=1.358\,GeV$, $\alpha =0.39$, and $b=0.21055\,GeV^{2}$.
In table 3 we show our results for the Charmonium masses for $\kappa =\ell $ and compare them with those of numerical integration and $\hbar $-expansions of Stepanov and Tutik \[4\]. They are in good agreement and the trend of convergence of our results is also satisfactory. However, in table 4 we report the Charmonium masses, for $\kappa =-\left( \ell +1\right) $. Therein, we only list our results where the mass series and Padé approximants stabilize.
In KG equation Kobylinsky, Stepanov, and Tutik \[3\] have used $V(r)=-a/r$ and $S(r)=b\,r$ with $m=1.370\,GeV$, $b=0.10429\,GeV^{2}$ and $a=0.26\,$ to obtain the energies for this [*funnel-shaped* ]{}potential. They have also used $\hbar $-expansions and numerical integrations. In table 5 we list our results and compare them with those of $\hbar $-expansions, $E_{\hbar }$, and numerical integrations, $E_{num}$, reported in \[3\]. They are in excellent agreement.
Power-law potential
-------------------
An equally mixed scalar and vector power-law potential $$V(r)=S(r)=Ar^{\nu }+B_{o}$$ where $\nu =0.1$ ( the Martin potential \[6\] ) and $A>0$ is found most successful in describing the entire light and heavy meson spectra in the Dirac equation (cf. e.g., Martin 1980, 1981, and Jena and Tripati in \[6\]). Once such potential setting is used in Eq.(6) along with the substitution $%
q=r/\varrho $, with $$\varrho =\left[ 2\left( E+m\right) A\right] ^{-1/\left( \nu +2\right) },$$ one gets a simple Schrödinger-type form $$\left[ -\frac{d^{2}}{dq^{2}}+\frac{\ell \left( \ell +1\right) }{q^{2}}%
+q^{\nu }\right] \,\Omega \left( q\right) =\check{E}\,\Omega \left( q\right)
,$$ where $$\check{E}=\left( E-m-2B_{o}\right) \left[ \left( E+m\right) \left( 2A\right)
^{-2/\nu }\right] ^{\nu /\left( \nu +2\right) }.$$ Therefore, one better solve (44) for $\check{E}\,(N)$ and then to find the Dirac quark binding energies $E$ from (45). In table 6 we compare PSLET results with those obtained numerically, $E_{num},$ by Jena and Tripati \[6\]. The results from the shifted $1/N$ - expansion technique by Roy and Roychoudhury \[6\], $E_{1/N},$ are also listed.
Concluding remarks
==================
In this work we presented a straightforward extension of our PSLET recipe \[7\] to solve for the eigenvalues of Dirac and KG equations, with Lorentz vector and/or Lorentz scalar potentials. We have, again, documented (through tables 1-5) the usefulness of this recipe by immediate comparisons with available numerical integration data.
Nevertheless, one should notice that our results from KG equation are only partially better , compared with those from $\hbar $-expansions and numerical integrations, than our results from Dirac equation. The reason is obviously, and by large, manifested by our approximation in equation (8). For Klein-Gordon equation $\lambda =0$ in (9) while for Dirac equation $%
\lambda =1$.
In the process, moreover, there still remain some issues of delicate nature. Namely, one can not obtain (using our PSLET above) the exact eigenvalues for $V(r)=-A_{1}/r$ and $S(r)=0$, $V(r)=0$ and $S(r)=-A_{2}/r$, or even for $%
V(r)=-A_{1}/r$ and $S(r)=-A_{2}/r$ in Dirac equation.
The remedy seems to be feasible in a sort of combination between the current relativistic PSLET and a similarity transformation (cf., e.g. ref.\[8\] and related references therein). Preliminary results show that if $%
S(r)\longrightarrow -A_{2}/r+S_{o}(r)$ and $V(r)\longrightarrow
-A_{1}/r+V_{o}(r)$ in (1) such that $S_{o}(r)\longrightarrow 0$ and $%
V_{o}(r)\longrightarrow 0$ as $r\longrightarrow 0$, then a similarity transformation could accompany our relativistic PSLET to obtain exact results for the generalized Dirac-Coulombic problem and better results for potentials of the type $S(r)\longrightarrow -A_{2}/r+S_{o}(r)$ and $%
V(r)\longrightarrow -A_{1}/r+V_{o}(r)$. That is, one may carefully follow Mustafa’s work \[8\] to obtain $$\left[ -\frac{d^{2}}{dr^{2}}+\frac{(\,\gamma ^{2}+s\,\gamma )}{r^{2}}%
+U(r)+m^{2}+\frac{2}{r}\,\left( A_{2}\,m(r)+E(r)\,A_{1}\right) \right]
\,\Phi (r)=E^{2}\Phi (r).$$ where $\gamma =\sqrt{\kappa ^{2}-A_{1}^{2}+A_{2}^{2}}$ , $s=\pm 1$, $%
E(r)=E-V_{o}(r)$, $m(r)=m+S_{o}(r)$, and $U(r)\longrightarrow 0$ as $%
V_{o}(r)\longrightarrow 0$ and $S_{o}(r)\longrightarrow 0$ (hence, $%
m(r)\longrightarrow m$ and $E(r)\longrightarrow E$). Therefore, one would replace our $\ell ^{\prime }$, in (12), by $\ell ^{\symbol{126}}=-1/2+\gamma
+s\,/\,2$ and obtain ( following PSLET recipe above) for (48), $\Gamma
(r_{o})=m^{2}-2mA_{2}r_{o}$, $V(r)=-A_{1}/r$, $\omega =2$, $\beta
_{o}=-\left( k+1\right) $, and $\bar{l}=\ell ^{\symbol{126}}-\beta
_{o}=(k+1/2+s\,/\,2+\,\gamma )$. In turn, equation (23) yields $$4Q\left[ Q-2mA_{2}r_{o}+A_{1}^{2}\right] +4m^{2}r_{o}^{2}\left[
A_{2}^{2}-A_{1}^{2}\right] =0$$ to solve for $r_{o}$. This would lead to $$E^{\left( -1\right) }=m\left[ 1+\frac{A_{1}^{2}}{Q}\right]
^{-1/2};\;\;Q=\left( k+1/2+s\,/\,2+\,\sqrt{\kappa ^{2}-A_{1}^{2}}\right) ^{2}$$ and $$E^{\left( -1\right) }=\pm \,m\left[ 1-\frac{A_{2}^{2}}{Q}\right]
^{1/2};\;\;Q=\left( k+1/2+s\,/\,2+\,\sqrt{\kappa ^{2}+A_{2}^{2}}\right) ^{2}$$ for $A_{2}=0$, $A_{1}\neq 0$ and $A_{1}=0$, $A_{2}\neq 0$, respectively. It should be noted that these are the well known exact results (cf., e.g.; ref \[8\]) with the heigher-order terms vanish identically.
Before we conclude it should be noted that if our results are to be generalized to $d$-dimensions we may incorporate interdimensional degeneracies associated with the isomorphism between the angular momentum $%
\ell $ and dimensionality $d$ (cf., e.g., Mustafa and Odeh (2000) \[7\]). This would replace our $\kappa $ by $\kappa _{d}=s(2j+d-2)/2$, where $\ell
_{d}=\ell +(d-3)/2$. In this way we reproduce Stepanov and Tutik’s \[4\] and Dong’s \[9\] results in $d$-dimensions.
Finally, the above has been a very limited review and a number of other useful and novel approaches such as those of Franklin \[10, and references therein\], Njock et al \[11, and references therein\], $\cdots $etc., have not been touched on.
Eliminating $\bar{l}$-dependence, equation (42) can be simplified into four recursive relations to read $$k(k-1)\,x^{k-2}+T_{k,\ell }^{\left( 0\right) }(x)-N_{k,\ell }^{\left(
0\right) }(x)=0$$ $$T_{k,\ell }^{\left( 1\right) }(x)+S_{k,\ell }^{\left( 0\right)
}(x)-O_{k,\ell }^{\left( 0\right) }(x)=0$$ and for $n\geq 0$$$T_{k,\ell }^{\left( 2n+2\right) }(x)-N_{k,\ell }^{\left( n+1\right)
}(x)+S_{k,\ell }^{\left( 2n+1\right) }(x)+M_{k,\ell }^{\left( 2n\right)
}(x)+\Lambda _{k,\ell }^{\left( n\right) }(x)=0$$ $$T_{k,\ell }^{\left( 2n+3\right) }(x)+S_{k,\ell }^{\left( 2n+2\right)
}(x)-O_{k,\ell }^{\left( n+1\right) }(x)+M_{k,\ell }^{\left( 2n+1\right)
}(x)+{\Large \zeta }_{k,\ell }^{\left( n\right) }(x)=0$$ where $$\begin{aligned}
T_{k,\ell }^{\left( n\right) }(x) &=&L_{k,\ell }^{\left( n\right) ^{\prime
\prime }}(x)+2\,k\,x^{k-1}U_{k,\,\ell }^{\left( n\right) }(x) \nonumber \\
&&+\sum_{p=0}^{n}2L_{k,\ell }^{\left( p\right) ^{\prime }}(x)\,U_{k,\,\ell
}^{\left( n-p\right) }(x)+x^{k}\,\left[ U_{k,\,\ell }^{\left( n\right)
^{\prime }}(x)+R_{k,\,\ell }^{\left( n\right) }(x)-{\Large \upsilon }%
^{\left( n\right) }(x)\right] \nonumber \\
&&+\sum_{p=0}^{n}L_{k,\ell }^{\left( p\right) }(x)\left( U_{k,\,\ell
}^{\left( n-p\right) ^{\prime }}(x)+R_{k,\,\ell }^{\left( n-p\right) }(x)-%
{\Large \upsilon }^{\left( n-p\right) }(x)\right)\end{aligned}$$ $$\begin{aligned}
S_{k,\ell }^{\left( n\right) }(x) &=&2\,k\,x^{k-1}G_{k,\,\ell }^{\left(
n\right) }(x)+\sum_{p=0}^{n}2L_{k,\ell }^{\left( p\right) ^{\prime
}}(x)\,G_{k,\,\ell }^{\left( n-p\right) }(x) \nonumber \\
&&+x^{k}\,\left[ G_{k,\,\ell }^{\left( n\right) ^{\prime }}(x)+Q_{k,\,\ell
}^{\left( n\right) }(x)\right] +\sum_{p=0}^{n}L_{k,\ell }^{\left( p\right)
}(x)\left( G_{k,\,\ell }^{\left( n-p\right) ^{\prime }}(x)+Q_{k,\,\ell
}^{\left( n-p\right) }(x)\right)\end{aligned}$$ $$M_{k,\ell }^{\left( n\right) }(x)=x^{k}\,P_{k,\ell }^{\left( n\right)
}\left( x\right) +\sum_{p=0}^{n}L_{k,\ell }^{\left( p\right)
}(x)\,\,P_{k,\ell }^{\left( n-p\right) }\left( x\right)$$ $$N_{k,\ell }^{\left( n\right) }(x)=x^{k}\,J^{\left( n\right) }\left( x\right)
+\sum_{p=0}^{n}L_{k,\ell }^{\left( p\right) }(x)\,\,J^{\left( n-p\right)
}\left( x\right)$$ $$O_{k,\ell }^{\left( n\right) }(x)=x^{k}\,K^{\left( n\right) }\left( x\right)
+\sum_{p=0}^{n}L_{k,\ell }^{\left( p\right) }(x)\,\,K^{\left( n-p\right)
}\left( x\right)$$ $$\Lambda _{k,\ell }^{\left( n\right) }(x)=x^{k}\,{\Huge \epsilon }^{\left(
n\right) }+\sum_{p=0}^{n}L_{k,\ell }^{\left( 2p\right) }(x)\,{\Huge \epsilon
}^{\left( n-p\right) }$$ $${\Large \zeta }_{k,\ell }^{\left( n\right) }(x)=\sum_{p=0}^{n}L_{k,\ell
}^{\left( 2p+1\right) }(x)\,{\Huge \epsilon }^{\left( n-p\right) }$$ $$R_{k,\ell }^{\left( n\right) }(x)=\sum_{p=0}^{n}U_{k,\,\ell }^{\left(
p\right) }(x)U_{k,\,\ell }^{\left( n-p\right) }(x)$$ $$P_{k,\ell }^{\left( n\right) }(x)=\sum_{p=0}^{n}G_{k,\,\ell }^{\left(
p\right) }(x)G_{k,\,\ell }^{\left( n-p\right) }(x)$$ $$Q_{k,\ell }^{\left( n\right) }(x)=\sum_{p=0}^{n}2U_{k,\,\ell }^{\left(
p\right) }(x)G_{k,\,\ell }^{\left( n-p\right) }(x)$$ $$L_{k,\ell }^{\left( n\right) }(x)=\sum_{p=0}^{k-1}A_{k,\,p}^{\left( n\right)
}(x)\,x^{p}$$
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[**Table1:** ]{}PSLET results for part of Dirac $J/\Psi $ spectra (in GeV) for $S(r)=Ar,$ $A=0137GeV^{2},$ $V(r)=0,$ $\kappa =-(\ell +1),$ and $%
m=1.12GeV.$ Where $M(N)=2E(N)$ with $N$ denoting the number of corrections added to the leading - order term $E^{(-1)}$ and $M_{num}$ are the numerical values reported by Gunion and Li \[5\].
[cccccc]{} $k$ & $\ M(N)$ & $\ell =0$ & $\ \ell =1$ & $\ \ell =2$ & $\ \ell =3$\
$
\begin{tabular}{c}
$0$%
\end{tabular}
$ & $
\begin{tabular}{c}
$M(1)$ \\
$M(2)$ \\
$M(3)$ \\
$M(4)$ \\
$M(5)$ \\
$[****]{}$ \\
$M(14)$ \\
$M\_[num]{}$%
\end{tabular}
$ &
-----------------
3.0919
3.0961
3.0963
3.0961
3.0961
${\bf \vdots }$
3.0961
3.103
-----------------
&
-----------------
3.43078
3.43252
3.43259
4.43256
3.43256
${\bf \vdots }$
3.43256
3.442
-----------------
&
-----------
3.711960
3.712914
3.712947
3.712940
3.712939
$\vdots $
3.712939
3.725
-----------
&
-----------------
3.9581219
3.9587277
3.9587465
3.9587436
3.9587434
${\bf \vdots }$
3.9587434
3.973
-----------------
\
-----
$2$
-----
&
-------------------
$M(1)$
$M(2)$
$M(3)$
$M(4)$
$M(5)$
$M(6)$
$M(7)$
$\ {\bf \vdots }$
$M(14)$
$M_{num}$
-------------------
&
---------------------
4.131
4.142
4.148
4.150
4.151
4.152
4.152
$\ \ {\bf \vdots }$
4.152
4.158
---------------------
&
-----------------------
4.3395
4.3468
4.3502
4.3515
4.3519
4.3520
4.3521
$\ \ \ {\bf \vdots }$
4.3521
4.36
-----------------------
&
---------------------
4.5325
4.5378
4.5401
4.5408
4.5410
4.5411
4.5411
$\ \ {\bf \vdots }$
4.5411
4.551
---------------------
&
-----------------------
4.71334
4.71739
4.71905
4.71950
4.71961
4.71965
4.71966
$\ \ \ {\bf \vdots }$
4.71966
4.732
-----------------------
\
[**Table 2:** ]{}Same as table 1 for $\kappa =\ell .$
[cccccc]{} $k$ & $M(N)$ & $\ell =1$ & $\ell =2$ & $\ell =3$ & $\ell =4$\
-----
$0$
-----
&
-----------------
$M(1)$
$M(2)$
$M(3)$
$M(4)$
$M(5)$
${\bf \vdots }$
$M(14)$
$M_{num}$
-----------------
&
-----------------
3.47090
3.47183
3.47188
3.47186
3.47186
${\bf \vdots }$
3.47186
3.47
-----------------
&
-----------------
3.760125
3.760677
3.760700
3.760696
3.760695
${\bf \vdots }$
3.760695
3.757
-----------------
& $
\begin{tabular}{c}
4.0111817 \\
4.0115488 \\
4.0115615 \\
4.0115597 \\
4.0115595 \\
$[****]{}$ \\
4.0115595 \\
4.006
\end{tabular}
$ &
-----------------
4.2364739
4.2367365
4.2367444
4.2367435
4.2367435
${\bf \vdots }$
4.2367435
4.23
-----------------
\
---
1
---
&
-----------------
$M(1)$
$M(2)$
$M(3)$
$M(4)$
$M(5)$
$M(6)$
${\bf \vdots }$
$M(14)$
$M_{num}$
-----------------
&
-----------------
3.9570
3.9624
3.9640
3.9644
3.9646
3.9646
${\bf \vdots }$
3.9646
3.965
-----------------
&
-----------------
4.19083
4.19451
4.19537
4.19557
4.19561
4.19563
${\bf \vdots }$
4.19563
4.194
-----------------
&
-----------------
4.40310
4.40578
4.40631
4.40642
4.40644
4.40644
${\bf \vdots }$
4.40644
4.403
-----------------
&
-----------------
4.599080
4.601126
4.601482
4.601542
4.601552
4.601554
${\bf \vdots }$
4.601554
4.597
-----------------
\
[**Table 3:** ]{}PSLET Charmonium masses $M(N)=2E(N)$ for the [*funnel-shaped*]{} potential, $V(r)=-2\alpha /3r$ and $S(r)=br/2$, with $%
m=1.358\,GeV$, $b=0.21055\,GeV^{2}$, $\alpha =0.39$ and $\kappa =\ell .$ The quantum numbers in parentheses are ( $k,\ell $). $M_{num}$ is the numerical integration and $M_{\hbar }$ is the $\hbar $-expansion result ( up to the tenth-order correction) reported by Stepanov and Tutik \[4\].
[ccccccc]{} $M(N)$ & $(0,1)$ & $(0,2)$ & $(1,1)$ & $(1,3)$ & $(2,1)$ & $(2,3)$\
-----------------
$M(1)$
$M(2)$
$M(3)$
$M(4)$
$M(5)$
$M(6)$
$M(7)$
$M(8)$
${\bf \vdots }$
$M(14)$
$M_{\hbar }$
$M_{num}$
-----------------
&
-----------------
3.5071
3.5062
3.5056
3.5055
3.5055
3.5055
3.5055
3.5055
${\bf \vdots }$
3.5055
3.4998
3.4998
-----------------
&
-----------------
3.8012
3.8007
3.8006
3.8005
3.8005
3.8005
3.8005
3.8005
${\bf \vdots }$
3.8005
3.7974
3.7974
-----------------
&
-----------------
3.966
3.963
3.961
3.959
3.959
3.958
3.958
3.958
${\bf \vdots }$
3.958
3.9501
3.9499
-----------------
&
-----------------
4.3862
4.3857
4.3853
4.3852
4.3851
4.3851
4.3850
4.3850
${\bf \vdots }$
4.3850
4.3812
4.3812
-----------------
&
-----------------
4.333
4.331
4.329
4.327
4.326
4.325
4.325
4.324
${\bf \vdots }$
4.324
4.316
4.315
-----------------
&
-----------------
4.6906
4.6908
4.6905
4.6901
4.6899
4.6898
4.6897
4.6897
${\bf \vdots }$
4.6897
4.6858
4.6858
-----------------
\
[**Table 4:** ]{}Same as table 3 for $\kappa =-\,(\ell +1).$ Here we report the Charmonium masses where the mass series and Padé approximants $M_{i,\,j}$ stabilize.
$k,\,\ell $ $M(N)$ $M[i,j]$ $k,\,\ell $ $M(N)$ $M[i,j]$
------------- ------------- ----------------- ------------- ------------- -----------------
0,0 M(6)=3.0333 M\[4,4\]=3.0333 1,0 M(7)=3.65 M\[5,5\]=3.6502
0,1 M(5)=3.4918 M\[2,3\]=3.4918 1,1 M(7)=3.946 M\[4,4\]=3.9462
0,2 M(4)=3.7787 M\[2,3\]=3.7787 1,2 M(7)=4.1690 M\[4,4\]=4.1690
0,3 M(4)=4.0129 M\[2,3\]=4.0129 2,0 M(9)=4.08 M\[6,6\]=4.0789
0,4 M(4)=4.2177 M\[2,3\]=4.2177 2,1 M(9)=4.314 M\[4,5\]=4.3139
[**Table 5:** ]{}KG results for the [*funnel-shaped* ]{}potential $%
S(r)=br$ and $V(r)=-a/r$, with $m=1.370\,GeV$, $b=0.10429\,GeV^{2}$, $%
a=0.26, $ $E_{\hbar }$ represents the results of Kobylinsky et al \[3\] via $%
\hbar $-expansion (up to the third-order correction), and $E_{num}$ is the numerical integration value reported in \[3\].
[cccc]{} $E(N)$ & $\ \ \ \ \ \ \ k=0,\,\ell =0$ & $\ \ \ \,\ \ \ \ \ \ \ k=0,\,\ell
=1 $ & $\ \ \ \ \ \ k=0,\,\ell =2$\
-----------------
$E(1)$
$E(2)$
$E(3)$
$E(4)$
${\bf \vdots }$
$E(14)$
$E_{\hbar }$
$E_{num}$
-----------------
&
-----------------
1.541
1.535
1.534
1.533
${\bf \vdots }$
1.533
1.536
1.533
-----------------
&
-----------------
1.76167
1.76064
1.76037
1.76033
${\bf \vdots }$
1.76033
1.7604
1.760
-----------------
&
-----------------
1.90420
1.90388
1.90380
1.90379
${\bf \vdots }$
1.90379
1.9038
1.904
-----------------
\
[**Table 6:** ]{}PSLET results for $\check{E}$ of equation (44) along with the numerically predicted ones by Jena and Tripati \[6\] and the $1/N$-expansion method $E_{1/N}$ by Roy and Roychoudhury \[6\]. $N$ in $\check{E}(N)
$ denotes the number of corrections added to the leading term where the series stabilizes.
[cccc]{} $k,\,\ell $ & $\check{E}(N)$ & $E_{num}$ & $\ \ E_{1/N}$\
------
0, 0
1, 0
2, 0
0, 1
1, 1
0, 2
------
&
-----------------------
$\check{E}(2)=$1.2358
$\check{E}(7)=$1.3347
$\check{E}(4)=$1.3922
$\check{E}(1)=$1.3072
$\check{E}(4)=$1.3731
$\check{E}(1)=$1.3540
-----------------------
&
--------
1.2364
1.3347
1.3923
1.3071
1.3731
1.3544
--------
&
-------
1.240
1.340
1.398
1.309
1.411
1.358
-------
\
| {
"pile_set_name": "ArXiv"
} |
Canada Place is the identify of a tourist and business advanced positioned beside the waterfront in downtown Vancouver, British Columbia. The land on which the Princes park was constructed was bought by Richard Vaughan Yates, an iron merchant and philanthropist, in 1841 for £50,000. The carved poles of the Kamui Mintara sculpture are designed to attach Burnaby with Kushiro, its sister metropolis in Japan. The park is definitely reached from downtown Vancouver by walking, cycling or driving.
You can find Connors Lake Park on the USGS 7.5-minute, 1:24,000-scale Anchorage A-eight quadrangle topo map and on terrain maps. What a deal with to meander by the great thing about the Tropical Floral Park of the Court of Aron with you, you are a great tour information for this superb place the place you have to come early and keep late to take it in or make it a two day occasion. The gentle weather in Vancouver means that many animals in the park are energetic all 12 months long.
Please observe there isn’t a ingesting water at this parking area, and canine must be on a leash on Nimitz way. My Grandma lived in Roath Park and we spent many joyful hours enjoying within the stunning park. In quick, I think it’s a stupid and ineffective legislation and I think the larger problem is with folks parking and loading within the fire lanes.
While the storm introduced great loss to the realm, it also helped usher in an era of rebirth that’s exemplified by structures and areas like Waterfront Park. The lie is after all laughable; parking firms make big earnings from their charges, as ParkingEye’s accounts show – and of course Capita would not have bought them for £57.5 million if this were not the case. This park tells the story of an outdated lead shot producing facility that’s set amongst beautiful scenery. Some parking meters are solely enforced during sure hours- it is advisable learn the high quality print on the parking meter to search out out hours of enforcement.
Here’s a viewing tip: Watch the parade close to the Emporium Gift Shop & the Fire Station near City Hall on Main Street. What is sweet about it’s that you could find, among different things, the contact data for 1000’s of RV parks nationwide and use it for connecting with the facilities of your choice. His title is used for a number of natural sights in the metropolis, including Burnaby Mountain Park, Burnaby Lake and Robert Burnaby Park. | {
"pile_set_name": "Pile-CC"
} |
/*
* Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
* or more contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file
* distributed with this work for additional information
* regarding copyright ownership. The ASF licenses this file
* to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
* "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
* with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at
*
* http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
*
* Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
* software distributed under the License is distributed on an
* "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
* KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the
* specific language governing permissions and limitations
* under the License.
*/
package org.apache.olingo.client.core.edm.xml;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.Serializable;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;
import com.fasterxml.jackson.core.JsonParser;
import com.fasterxml.jackson.core.JsonToken;
import com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.DeserializationContext;
import org.apache.olingo.client.api.edm.xml.DataServices;
import org.apache.olingo.commons.api.edm.provider.CsdlAbstractEdmItem;
import org.apache.olingo.commons.api.edm.provider.CsdlSchema;
import com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.annotation.JsonDeserialize;
@JsonDeserialize(using = ClientCsdlDataServices.DataServicesDeserializer.class)
class ClientCsdlDataServices extends CsdlAbstractEdmItem implements Serializable, DataServices {
private static final long serialVersionUID = 4200317286476885204L;
private final List<CsdlSchema> schemas = new ArrayList<>();
private String dataServiceVersion;
private String maxDataServiceVersion;
@Override
public String getDataServiceVersion() {
return dataServiceVersion;
}
public void setDataServiceVersion(final String version) {
this.dataServiceVersion = version;
}
@Override
public String getMaxDataServiceVersion() {
return maxDataServiceVersion;
}
public void setMaxDataServiceVersion(final String version) {
this.maxDataServiceVersion = version;
}
@Override
public List<CsdlSchema> getSchemas() {
return schemas;
}
static class DataServicesDeserializer extends AbstractClientCsdlEdmDeserializer<ClientCsdlDataServices> {
@Override
protected ClientCsdlDataServices doDeserialize(final JsonParser jp, final DeserializationContext ctxt)
throws IOException {
final ClientCsdlDataServices dataServices = new ClientCsdlDataServices();
for (; jp.getCurrentToken() != JsonToken.END_OBJECT; jp.nextToken()) {
final JsonToken token = jp.getCurrentToken();
if (token == JsonToken.FIELD_NAME) {
if ("DataServiceVersion".equals(jp.getCurrentName())) {
dataServices.setDataServiceVersion(jp.nextTextValue());
} else if ("MaxDataServiceVersion".equals(jp.getCurrentName())) {
dataServices.setMaxDataServiceVersion(jp.nextTextValue());
} else if ("Schema".equals(jp.getCurrentName())) {
jp.nextToken();
dataServices.getSchemas().add(jp.readValueAs(ClientCsdlSchema.class));
}
}
}
return dataServices;
}
}
}
| {
"pile_set_name": "Github"
} |
Ji Liping (volleyball)
Ji Liping (born ) is a retired Chinese female volleyball player.
She was part of the China women's national volleyball team at the 1994 FIVB Volleyball Women's World Championship in Brazil. On club level she played with Sichuan.
Clubs
Sichuan (1994)
References
Category:1968 births
Category:Living people
Category:Chinese women's volleyball players
Category:Place of birth missing (living people)
Category:Asian Games medalists in volleyball
Category:Volleyball players at the 1994 Asian Games
Category:Medalists at the 1994 Asian Games
Category:Asian Games silver medalists for China | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
} |
Dealing with Uncertainties in Energy Investments
Submitted by Uwe Deichmann On Tue, 07/30/2013
co-authors: Fan Zhang
According to the International Energy Agency[1] (IEA), global energy demand is likely to grow by more than one-third between now and 2035. Mobilizing investment capital is one major task. Additionally, energy infrastructure such as electric power facilities has a long time span – up to 40 or 50 years in the case of base-load nuclear or coal plants. As the new Growing Green report[2], released by the World Bank’s Europe and Central Asia Region[3], points out, with such a long time span and the enormous amount of capital at stake, power sector investments need to consider at least three types of uncertainties—changing regulations, changing technology, and changing climatic conditions.
Regulatory Uncertainty
Regulatory uncertainty persists in countries without formal greenhouse gas emission restrictions. Even in the EU, the emissions trading system is still evolving and future prices for carbon emissions will in large part depend on political decisions. Such schemes may spread to other parts of Europe and Central Asia as the implications of climate change become more apparent and support for climate action rises. A price on carbon, either through a cap-and-trade sys¬tem or a tax, can profoundly alter the comparative economics of different power generation technologies. With a price on carbon emissions, the cost differential between fossil-fuel plants and low-carbon alternatives shrinks and in some cases disappears.
Many international firms and banks already incorporate an assumed carbon price into their financial investment feasibility calculations. Expectations of future carbon pricing have already altered investment decisions favoring natural gas over coal-fired power plants in the U.S. (although more recently the drop in gas prices has been a larger factor). Conversely, regulatory uncertainty also hinders investments in low-carbon generation. The IEA estimates[4] (pdf) that uncertainty in climate change policy might add a risk premium of up to 40 percent to such investments, driving up consumer prices by 10 percent.
Technological Uncertainty
Innovation in the power sector has grown with major progress in the efficiency of gas plants and in many types of renewable generation. Just as coal has been sidelined in some countries for both regulatory and market reasons, continued innovation and possible technological breakthroughs could shift relative prices in favor of renewable energy within the next few decades—well within the life span of large power infrastructure.
Whether and when renewables and other clean technologies will become economically viable depends on a number of variables. The more widespread the use of renewable technologies, the cheaper they become. In a way, the pace at which they are adopted affects their price. Government policies and private investments have a large influence on these dynamics, neither of which is easy to predict. For instance, as recently as ten years ago, the IEA forecasted wind energy deployment levels for Europe for 2030 were already reached by 2010. In 2000, the IEA also projected global solar energy deployment to reach about 8 GW by 2020; by 2011 almost 70 GW had been installed. Future fossil fuel generation costs are also difficult to predict as coal, oil and gas prices fluctuate greatly as they go through boom and bust cycles.
Climate Uncertainty
Uncertainty about future climatic conditions also affects technology choices. Climate change could affect thermal generation such as in fossil fuel and nuclear power plants that require a constant sup¬ply of cooling water to discharge the surplus heat while at the same time producing steam, which in turn drives a turbine and produces electricity. Hydroelectric generation is very sensitive to changes in water sup¬ply. There have been several instances in the last ten years - Brazil in 2001, France in 2003, Kyrgyzstan and Tajikistan in 2007 and the United States in 2011 and 2012 – that saw shutdowns or capacity reductions in hydro, nuclear or coal power plants caused by drought-induced water shortages or elevated temperatures in cooling water reservoirs. Projections of local climate impacts are still very uncertain, but will probably bring changes in weather patterns that will affect thermal and hydro power generation, and to a smaller extent wind and solar power.
Good Policy Can Help Reduce Uncertainties
[5]
In our report, Growing Green, we argue that good policy making can help reduce regulatory, technological and climate uncertainties. Predictable policies, including setting initially modest carbon constraints and then gradually increasing them based on previously announced plan, provide greater certainty for investors and reduce the risk of stranded assets. Retaining flexibility helps reduce technology uncertainty. The longer the investments can be delayed without incurring broader economic or welfare costs, the better. Ambitious energy efficiency efforts, both on the supply and demand side, help postpone investments in new capacity. And a larger share of investments in small and decentralized generation, including a larger share of combined heat and power and renewable energy plants, allows for a more gradual expansion path that tends to be easier to finance and can take advantage of newly available technology. A more diversified power generation portfolio can also increase reliability in the face of climate change, especially if it includes a high share of renewable energy with low water requirements and no fuel costs. Reducing vulnerability to fossil fuel price swings through energy portfolio diversification has large macroeconomic benefits that could amount to $68 billion per year in the Europe and Central Asia region (Meisner, Craig 2012. "Energy Security and the Benefits of Fuel Mix Diversification.") . These benefits could offset some of the additional costs incurred by renewable energy. | {
"pile_set_name": "Pile-CC"
} |
Rachel Zoe, Rodger Berman, and their boys spent an “Epic July 4th with friends and family” in 2017, making s’mores, flying kites, and eating lobster on Georgica Beach — Rachel sat in the sand and said it was “A rare peaceful moment in my favorite place.” | {
"pile_set_name": "Pile-CC"
} |
Community Shield Preview – Manchester City v Manchester United
And we’re back! It seems like only yesterday that Roberto Mancini’s Manchester City were lifting the FA Cup at Wembley and now the Blues are back in the capital to take on Manchester United in the FA Community Shield.
The curtain raiser to the Premier League season is often seen as a friendly, an opportunity for players to stretch their legs after a summer devoid of, for the most part, international commitments. However there will be little love lost as the Manchester rivals go head to head. City actually boast a 100% record at the new Wembley having defeated United in the FA Cup semi final before the 1-0 win over Stoke City which gave the club its first trophy in 35 years.
Both sides will be without key strikers – City’s Carlos Tevez doesn’t return from holiday until Monday while United’s new baby faced assassin Javier Hernandez is recovering from injury following a busy offseason with Mexico.
There could be plenty of fresh faces on show though with Gael Clichy, Stefan Savic, David de Gea, Phil Jones and Ashley Young all available for selection in their respective sides.
Big money City signing Sergio Aguero is a doubt for the game as he is suffering from foot blisters. If he misses out then the task of getting goals will fall to Edin Dzeko and Mario Balotelli who performed well as a partnership in the 3-0 defeat of Inter in last weekend’s Dublin Super Cup.
Long term, Aguero is seen as a great signing by City with David Silva excited about the prospect of playing alongside the Argentine.
“Sergio Aguero is a brilliant player,” he said.
“I think he’ll turn out very well and he can really help us. We have to adapt with him and he has to adapt with us.”
One player keen to be involved is Adam Johnson with the England midfielder eager to confirm a spot in the England squad ahead of next summer’s European Championships.
“I want to be playing games because there’s a championship at the end of the season,” he said.
“That’s definitely at the back of my mind. I definitely want to go there after missing out on the World Cup and I think England have got a great chance.”
Darren Fletcher has trained fully with United this week having missed the club’s tour of America so Sir Alex Ferguson must decide whether the Scotland captain is ready to return to the first team fold. The Red Devils are going through a slight transition at the moment having lost Edwin Van der Sar, Paul Scholes, Owen Hargreaves, Gary Neville, John O’Shea and Wes Brown from last year’s squad.
United talisman Wayne Rooney has spoken with passion about the game, believing that a game against your biggest rivals is the best way to get back into the swing of things.
“You couldn’t get better motivation to start the season with a bang,” he said.
“It’s a great way to start pre- season training, knowing at the end of the hard work, before the games begin, there’s a Manchester derby. Playing City in the Community Shield is the best way to start.”
“I hadn’t even thought about it until I turned on the telly the other night and someone was talking about potentially the best Community Shield ever.”
Key Players:
Manchester City
David Silva: It was recently revealed that the little Spaniard has been dubbed ‘Merlin’ by his City team mates, no surprise given his spell binding performances last season. The little magician will be a key component of City’s attack once again, and his role will be even more crucial should Mancini persist with a more defensive setup in midfield. United lack a real holding midfielder so expect Silva to try exploit the space between defence and midfield.
Manchester United
Ashley Young: Having gone from a big fish in a relatively small pond at Aston Villa to essentially just another winger at Old Trafford, Ashley Young will have to learn to cope with squad rotation and a battle for a first team berth. There’s no denying his talent and at 26 he’s a good age to join a club competing on a number of fronts. Should he start it will be important to hit the ground running and set himself up for what is personally a huge season.
Author Info
Neil Sherwin
Co-editor of BackPageFootball.com and BackPageRugby.com. Writes mostly on Premier League, A-League and MLS with contributions to other sites including TheFootballSack, InBedWithMaradona and Bloomberg's BSports. Has featured on The Guardian's Football Weekly. | {
"pile_set_name": "Pile-CC"
} |
Nur ol Dinabad
Nur ol Dinabad or Nur ed Dinabad or Nur od Dinabad () may refer to:
Nur ol Dinabad, Semnan
Nur ol Dinabad, West Azerbaijan | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
} |
Symptomatology long-term evolution after hospitalization for anorexia nervosa: Drive for thinness to explain effects of body dissatisfaction on type of outcome.
Anorexia nervosa (AN) is a serious psychiatric disorder associated with the highest mortality rate. Body dissatisfaction (BD) is now considered as an important risk factor for AN onset and relapse. Recent results lead to the hypothesis according to which AN and drive for thinness (DT) are related to body dissatisfaction. The primary aim of this current study was to identify whether DT mediated the relationship between BD and AN symptoms several years after hospitalization. As a secondary aim, self-reported Body Shape Questionnaire, Eating Attitude Test, Eating Disorder Inventory and Beck Depression Inventory scores were compared between the 48 women with a history of severe AN and 73 matched controls. A mediation analysis didn't show evidence of a direct effect of BD on eating disorder symptomatology after controlling for DT suggesting a full mediation of DT on the association between BD and eating disorders symptomatology. Results also showed that patients with a bad outcome had a higher score of DT than controls, which was not the case of patients with a good outcome. These findings highlight the potential importance of DT and the usefulness of targeting this dimension in therapeutic interventions for AN patients if further research confirm these results. | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Abstracts"
} |
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Prediction of toxicity but not of clinical course by determining carboplatin exposure in patients with epithelial ovarian cancer treated with a combination of carboplatin and cisplatin.
We present the data from 105 patients with primary epithelial ovarian cancer, who received up to 6 cycles of carboplatin (300 mg/m2) and cisplatin (100 mg/m2) as one treatment arm of a prospective randomized trial. Values for first-course carboplatin area-under-the-curve (AUC) were determined retrospectively. WHO grade 3-4 thrombocytopenia was found in 10% of patients with low AUC (AUC <4 mg/ml x min), but in 44.6% of patients with high AUC (AUC 4 mg/ml x min) (chi-square p<0.0001). No single case of ototoxicity was found in the low AUC group but in 12% of patients in the high AUC group (chi-square p=0.003). Determination of carboplatin AUC may prevent ototoxicity and severe thrombocytopenia for the first cycle of combined treatment with carboplatin and cisplatin. | {
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Tag Archives: training
[…There’s a way of training ourselves in order not to become the victim of fear and grief — that is to look deeply into ourselves and to see that we are made of non-self elements. And when we look around ourselves, we can recognize ourselves in the non-self elements, like a father looking at his children can see himself in his children, can see his continuation in his children. So he is not attached to the idea that his body is the only thing that is him. He’s more than his body. He is inside of his body but he is also at the same [time] outside of his body in many elements. And if we have the habit of looking like that, we will not be the victim of our attachment to one form of manifestation, and we will be free. And that freedom makes happiness and peace possible.” | {
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The Devil, the Sinner, and His Journey
The Devil, The Sinner, and His Journey is a video featuring Harmony Korine, adorned in corpsepaint, as O.J. Simpson, and Johnny Depp as Kato Kaelin.
External links
The Sigil of the Cloven Hoof Marks Thy Path @ Harmony-Korine.com
Category:2000 films
Category:American films
Category:English-language films
Category:Films directed by Harmony Korine | {
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Cholesterol oxidation products in the vascular remodeling due to atherosclerosis.
Like the other oxidation products of the lipid moiety of plasma low density lipoproteins (LDL), cholesterol oxidation products are consistently found within the characteristic lesions of atherosclerosis, both in experimental animals and in man. A growing bulk of evidence suggests that oxysterols make a significant contribution to the vascular remodeling that occurs in atherosclerosis, being involved in various key steps of this complex process: endothelial cell dysfunction, adhesion of circulating blood cells, foam cell and fibrous cap formation, modulation of the extracellular matrix (ECM), vascular cell apoptosis and plaque's instability. Moreover, oxysterols have been demonstrated to be at least one or two orders of magnitude more reactive than unoxidized cholesterol in exerting pro-inflammatory, pro-apoptotic, and pro-fibrogenic effects. Thus, a pathological level of cholesterol oxidation in the vasculature may be the missing molecular link between hypercholesterolemia and the formation of atherosclerotic lesions. | {
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No sooner did the polls close in the South Carolina primary and Barack Obama was declared the victor in a rout. This is not just a victory for Barack Obama, its a statement. With about 2% of the precinct reporting, Obama is leading Hillary 51% – 34%.
How will this affect the upcoming Florida primaries and Super Tuesday? One can only imagine the upcoming political tactics that will be used by the Clinton camp after this butt-kicking.
So now both Hillary and Bill Clinton are looked upon as divisive. The once admired and sought after campaigner has become a negative influence as well. Maybe the Democratic Party has wised up and has a case of Clinton fatigue.
Bill Clinton’s aggressive campaigning in South Carolina in the days leading up to the state’s primary may have had a net negative effect among South Carolina’s Democratic primary voters, CNN exit polls indicate.
Roughly 6 in 10 South Carolina Democratic primary voters said Bill Clinton’s campaigning was important in how they ultimately decided to vote, and of those voters, 48 percent went for Barack Obama while only 37 percent went for Hillary Clinton. Fourteen percent of those voters voted for John Edwards.
The South Carolina primary was such a butt kicking that Hillary lost in pretty much every demographic. One really has to wonder how such a landslide victory for Obama will affect the perception and opinions of voters in future primaries. Hillary Clinton could not wait to run from SC to Nashville, TN. No matter what spin comes from the Clinton camp, tonight was not good. Not at all.
“The choice in this election is not about regions or religions or genders,” Obama said at a boisterous victory rally. “It’s not about rich versus poor, young versus old and it’s not about black versus white. It’s about the past versus the future.”
The audience chanted “Race doesn’t matter” as it awaited Obama to make his appearance.
Comments
Good for you Obama …win the Democratic nomination, so that then America can vote against you, because we all know you would be disastrous also. With all the benefits and goodies you and the rest of your liberals plan to give …who is going to work, who is going to do the job, to raise the funds for all your social plans? God, spear us from both of them.
Ya got that right SL-Gloria. I was shocked to hear that 41% of the American adult public pay NO income tax. Just how long does everyone think the 59% left can bear this heavy load. Elect a Democrat and the incentive to work gets even lower than it already is. The Dems promise entitlement programs out the donkey’s butt. Just who is going to work to pay for all of this? It’s also why the Dems have to bring the troops home in a losing proposition – they need that money so they can redistribute the wealth to all those that don’t or won’t work.
I just finished watching Obama’s victory speech. For all the talk about Obama as a new Democrat, with a vision for a rejuvenated 21st-century politics, his speech offered a tremendously class-driven, populist appeal, likely to divide the country more than unite it. He called for the immediate end to the war in Iraq – coded antiwar language for an immediate troop withdrawal, precisely when military and political developments are at their best since March 2003.
His supporters, I must say, seemed to rock the decibel-meter more so than any victory speech I’ve seen this year. Maybe I just have the volume set a bit high. It sure seemed that the energy was just pumping out of the auditorium.
Obama gained what he needed most going forward: momentum. He’ll see a surge in contributions next week, and a priceless rush of earned media, as his visage’s further splashed acrossed newspapers, magazines, and TV news shows around the country following this Palmetto State breakthrough.
Hillary Clinton just took a “Donkey Butt” kicking like she has never experienced in her life.
Both Hillary and Obama would be disastrous for the US. What seems to be happening though is that this knock down drag out Dem primary is fracturing the Democratic party. There will be a vote based on race … not good for a party who has pandered to black for years.
This could get real ugly.
R
yoyo muffintop on
January 26th, 2008 11:57 pm
Like her or not don’t count Hillary out yet – the Clinton’s are very good at rallying support when they are down.
The damage has already been done. The Democratic carnage has not yet begun. The longer it stays close and a race, the worse it will be. Hillary Clinton’s take no prisoners and to slime everyone in her way will be the undoing of her party. She is not doing this to a white man. She is attacking a black one. A party that for years who has claimed to champion minorities. Now when one is running in Obama, the Clinton machine will look to take him out.
I really hope for Obama’s sake there are no skeletons in his closet. The Clinton machine will find them.
R
sven on
January 27th, 2008 3:10 am
who do you hate more?hillary or aruba?
brie on
January 27th, 2008 5:11 am
Are we safe!!!Let’s keep the war in Iraq….not here!
SL-Gloria on
January 27th, 2008 9:55 am
I don’t want neither Hillary nor Obama in power, but I have to agree with Yo-Yo…the Clintons do have control over the Democratic political machinery to move things around for their benefit.
SL-Gloria on
January 27th, 2008 10:12 am
In addition to the race issue, the sexist thing is going to be an important matter of dispute
————————
Sven,
Take a break… this is not about hate or Aruba, just personal opinions, likes and dislikes of political contenders.
Personally, I couldn’t hate Aruba, but I can be disgusted with the unprofessional manner in which the investigation of the NH case was handled.
Also, if we are going to talk about extreme lack of love for the people of Aruba, we would have the talk about the Aruban government: excessive public expenditures, price fixing, increased taxes, a directed economy that only favors people of power in the tourism industry, undue economic restrictions against the democratic principle of free enterprise, official corruption, among a few others. I am totally sure that the harm brought about to Aruba by its own leaders is greater than the opinions of a few hundred in message boards and forums.
That’s like asking which one we dislike more, brussel sprouts or turnips.
They are both equally nauseating!
R
Susan on
January 27th, 2008 11:23 am
I love the video! It’s absolutely hillaryarious :0)
The Dems best hope is for John Edwards to get the Democratic nomination. He has to be the least of the three evils. Then again, if Hillary or Obama is nominated, it’s a good thing for the Republicans
Betty on
January 27th, 2008 11:33 am
Katablog (2.): You hit the nail on the head with your comment “…so they can redistribute the wealth…”.
Obama, as a member of the Trinity United Church of Christ, I have to assume, must believe in his church’s Mission Statement which includes the following:
“The fortunate who are among us combine forces with the less fortunate to become agents of change for God who is not pleased with America’s economic mal-distribution!”
Here is the 3rd sentence from the main page of the website for the church (TUCC):
“We are an African people, and remain “true to our native land,” the mother continent, the cradle of civilization. God has superintended our pilgrimage through the days of slavery, the days of segregation, and the long night of racism.”
You are right Red, ya all ain’t seen nothing yet when it comes to the “clinton machine”. They don’t take “no” for an answer. There will be claims against Obama (true or false) in the final desperate hours before or during the demos convention if the race looks even slightly close.
With all my imagination, I can’t understand why anyone would want such a filthy politician as President.
I expect to see Obama pics with farm animals & clowns coming out of the Clinton camp. These people are truly evil and will stop at nothing to win. They invented the politics of personal destruction. They will destroy their own party for their own personal power.
R
I think they are both equally terrifying. I speak from experience when I say that their healthcare plans would be disastrous. If they put socialized medicine in place (and that is what they want) people can look for rationed care, killing off the elderly (by denying them care other than pain pills if they are lucky), very poor natal care, and waiting lists for routine operations that might not be life threatening but are debilitating..such that people are going to Eastern Europe for vacation packages that include treatment!!!
On top of which the terrorists are just waiting to have a nice sitdown talk with Obama to air all their greivances and get a nice handout to pacify them, or else!!! In this area much as I dislike the Clintons, I think Hil and Bil would be a better bet.
Time to check out some ways to protect what little wealth one has, because they’ve never seen a tax they didn’t like. (Seriously folks an hour or two with a good financial planner would be well spent).
Betty on
January 27th, 2008 7:19 pm
Hillary Clinton was on CBS, Face The Nation, today and here are some excerpts from the transcripts.
Hillary, in trying to make excuses for Bill’s agressive campaign attacks, said:
“My husband has such a great commitment to me and to my campaign. You know, he loves me,” she said.
“Husbands and wives get out there and work on each others’ behalf. I certainly did that for him for many years. And I’m very grateful for all of the help he’s given both supporting me, along with our daughter, and making the case for my candidacy.”
I suppose in the grand tradition of the Clinton’s we need to know HER definition of ‘commitment’ and ‘love.’
Sen. Barack Obama’s longtime friend and spiritual adviser trashed the memory of a missing and presumed dead American teenage girl, according to church publications reviewed by WND.
Rev. Jeremiah Wright, the controversial minister of Obama’s church in Chicago, cited the case of Natalee Holloway’s disappearance in Aruba in complaining about what he sees as the media’s bias in covering white victims of crime over black victims.
“Black women are being raped daily in Darfur, Sudan, in the Congo and in Sub-Saharan Africa. That doesn’t make news,” Wright said in the August 2005 edition of Trumpet Magazine, a publication of his Trinity United Church of Christ.
But, “One 18-year-old white girl from Alabama gets drunk on a graduation trip to Aruba, goes off and ‘gives it up’ while in a foreign country, and that stays in the news for months!” he added. “Maybe I am missing something!”
(Story continues below)
The circumstances involving the coed’s disappearance remain unclear, and the case remains unsolved. Holloway left Mountain Brook, Ala., on a May 2005 senior class trip to Aruba.
Barack Obama
Attempts to reach her family for comment were unsuccessful. But her mother, Beth Holloway, has written a book, “Loving Natalee,” in which she reveals her daughter named Jesus Christ as one of the most influential people in her life in a trove of writings she found in her bedroom.
In the same 2005 church publication, Wright suggested “white America” had the 9/11 attacks coming, while calling for business “divestment from Israel,” which he refers to as a “racist” state along with America.
“In the 21st century, white America got a wake-up call after 9/11/01,” he wrote on page 7. “White America and the Western world came to realize that people of color had not gone away, faded into the woodwork or just ‘disappeared,’ as the Great White West kept on its merry way of ignoring Black concerns.”
Obama says he is “proud” of Wright and values their 20-year friendship.
Though Wright has nurtured Obama’s political career as a close adviser and mentor, the Democrat presidential hopeful says they don’t agree on everything. Wright married Obama and baptized his daughters.
Louis Farrakhan
In the November/December 2007 issue of Trumpet, Wright sang the praises of Nation of Islam leader Louis Farrakhan, who has described whites as “blue-eyed devils” and Jews as “bloodsuckers.”
“He brings a perspective that is helpful and honest,” Wright said. “Minister Farrakhan will be remembered as one of the 20th and 21st century giants of the African-American religious experience.”
Wright then held Farrakhan up as a pillar of “integrity.”
“His integrity and honesty have secured him a place in history as one of the nation’s most powerful critics,” he continued. “His love for Africa and African-American people has made him an unforgettable force, a catalyst for change and a religious leader who is sincere about his faith and his purpose.”
Farrakhan’s photo is splashed across the cover of the church magazine, which gushes “the Minister truly epitomized greatness.”
On Nov. 2, 2007, Wright presented Farrakhan with a “lifetime achievement” award during a Trumpet gala held at the Hyatt Regency Chicago. The tribute included a three-and-a-half minute video lionizing “the Honorable Minister Louis Farrakhan.” | {
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A microprobe analysis of inorganic elements in Halobacterium salinarum.
Halobacterium salinarum were grown on peptone agar containing 4.28 M NaCl, 0.036 M K and other salts. Stationary phase organisms were lifted onto carbon planchets, freeze-dried, carbon coated and examined in a scanning electron microscope equipped with an X-ray spectrometer. Intracellular element concentrations (mol/kg H(2)O) were determined using a bulk analysis program with appropriate standards. The cell K concentration was 110 times that of the medium. For Na this value was 0.3 and for Cl, 1.1. When Rb was present in the medium, its intracellular concentration was 77 times higher than the external value. The cation minus anion value suggests a high fixed negative charge, 0.72 equivalents. Intracellular apparent dielectric constants were calculated using cellular EMFs derived from the literature, and sodium concentration. The determined values ranged from 22-28 (vs 80 for normal water) suggesting phases of structured cell water. Ionic distributions in these extremophiles are treated according to the classical principles elucidated by Willard Gibbs and represents a heterogeneous system in thermodynamic equilibrium with the hypersaline environment. Factors to be considered are: (1) composition of Halobacterium and its immobile negative charge; (2) the physicochemical properties of the individual ions (charge, ionic radius, hydration energy, standard chemical potential); (3) the dielectric constant of the dispersion medium (water); and (4) the binding of ions, particularly potassium. | {
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Chop the vegetarian chicken breast into 1.5 – 2 cm cubes. Chop the potatoes the same size as the vegetrian chicken breast and roast in a 400 F oven.
In a medium sauce pan heat the oil.Chop onions finely, and fry them until golden. Add the vegetarian chicken breast , garlic, marjoram, smoke paprika, salt and pepper. Check on it regularly untill everything is golden brown. At the end add the potatoes, and fry them together for an additional 2 minutes. | {
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Andree, Minnesota
Andree is an unincorporated community in Stanchfield Township, Isanti County, Minnesota, United States.
Isanti County Road 4 and State Highway 65 (MN 65) are two of the main routes in the community.
Nearby places include Braham, Stanchfield, Coin, Brunswick, and Rice Creek Wildlife Management Area.
References
Rand McNally Road Atlas – 2007 edition – Minnesota entry
Category:Unincorporated communities in Minnesota
Category:Unincorporated communities in Isanti County, Minnesota | {
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More about
the Zetor 3321
Zetor started producing the 3321 Tractor in 1997 and continued until 2004. Make sure you have access to your tractor serial number, because there is a chance that the Zetor 3321 parts you need depend on that serial number. They also have hydraulic wet disc brakes. The type II/I 3-point hitch is very reliable, capable to lift 4300 lbs [1950 kg]. It is used with a position and draft control. It is also worth noting that the independent rear PTO runs at 540 rpms. | {
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Into My Life (album)
Into My Life is a studio album by jazz trumpeter Chet Baker and the Carmel Strings recorded in 1966 and released on the World Pacific label.
Reception
Allmusic rated the album with 3 stars.
Track listing
"A Man and a Woman (Un Homme et une Femme)" (Francis Lai) - 2:10
"Guantanamera" (Joseíto Fernández) - 3:05
"I've Got My Love to Keep Me Warm" (Irving Berlin) - 3:04
"The Ballad of the Sad Young Men" (Jay Landesman, Fran Landesman, Thomas Wolf) - 4:09
"Here, There and Everywhere" (John Lennon, Paul McCartney) - 2:45
"Cherry Pink (and Apple Blossom White)" (Louis Guglielmi, Mack David) - 2:50
"Serenata" (Mitchell Parish, Leroy Anderson) - 1:50
"More and More Amor" (Sol Lake) - 2:59
"All" - 2:56
"If He Walked Into My Life" (Jerry Herman) - 4:03
"Trains and Boats and Planes" (Burt Bacharach, Hal David) - 2:22
"Got to Get You Into My Life" (Lennon, McCartney) - 2:15
Personnel
Chet Baker - flugelhorn
The Carmel Strings
Harry Betts - arranger, conductor
References
Category:1966 albums
Category:Chet Baker albums
Category:Pacific Jazz Records albums | {
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/*
* This file is part of GNOME Twitch - 'Enjoy Twitch on your GNU/Linux desktop'
* Copyright © 2017 Vincent Szolnoky <vinszent@vinszent.com>
*
* GNOME Twitch is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
* it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
* the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
* (at your option) any later version.
*
* GNOME Twitch is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
* but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
* MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
* GNU General Public License for more details.
*
* You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
* along with GNOME Twitch. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
*/
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G_STMT_START \
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#define RETURN_VAL_IF_FAIL(expr, val) \
G_STMT_START \
{ \
if (!(expr)) \
{ \
CRITICAL("Expression '%s' should be TRUE", #expr); \
return val; \
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#define RETURN_IF_REACHED() \
G_STMT_START \
{ \
{ \
CRITICAL("This expression should not be reached"); \
return; \
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#define RETURN_VAL_IF_REACHED(val) \
G_STMT_START \
{ \
{ \
CRITICAL("This expression should not be reached"); \
return val; \
} \
} G_STMT_END
#define RETURN_IF_ERROR(err) \
G_STMT_START \
{ \
if (err) \
{ \
CRITICAL("Error should be NULL, message was '%s'", err->message); \
return; \
} \
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485 So.2d 398 (1986)
Roy C. BRIGHT, Jr.
v.
STATE.
7 Div. 429.
Court of Criminal Appeals of Alabama.
January 28, 1986.
Rehearing Denied February 25, 1986.
Edward Cunningham, Gadsden, for appellant.
Charles A. Graddick, Atty. Gen., and J. Anthony McLain and James F. Hampton, Sp. Asst. Attys. Gen., for appellee.
BOWEN, Presiding Judge.
Roy C. Bright, Jr., the appellant, Glen E. Hammett, and John Marcel Olive were jointly indicted for theft of property in the first degree and criminal conspiracy in the *399 second degree. All three defendants were tried together. Bright was convicted of conspiracy, sentenced to two years' imprisonment, and granted probation. Restitution was ordered in the amount of $15,343. Hammett was convicted of theft. After Olive testified against his co-defendants, the charges against him were dismissed on motion of the State.
I
Bright argues that, where three alleged conspirators are tried jointly and two are acquitted of conspiracy, the third conspirator must also be acquitted as a matter of law. We disagree.
Alabama Code 1975, § 13A-4-3(d)(1), states, "It is no defense to a prosecution for criminal conspiracy that: (1) The person, or persons, with whom defendant is alleged to have conspired has been acquitted, has not been prosecuted or convicted, has been convicted of a different offense or is immune from prosecution."
The defendant relies upon Berness v. State, 40 Ala.App. 198, 201-02, 113 So.2d 178, 180, cert. denied, 269 Ala. 694, 113 So.2d 183 (1958). There, the Alabama Court of Appeals stated:
"The majority rule is that if a nolle prosequi is entered as to one of two persons accused of conspiracy the other must be discharged, since it requires more than one person to commit the crime of conspiracy. 14 Am.Jur.Crim.Law, Sec. 303, p. 970, and cases cited. See also Jones v. State, 16 Ala.App. 477, 79 So. 151.
"But where the offense charged, though perpetrated by one act, is several as well as joint, a nol. pros may be allowed as to one or more persons indicted jointly and a trial had on the merits as to the others. Jones v. State, supra."
* * * * * *
"But even where the offense charged is conspiracy, the general rule seems to be that so long as the disposition of the case against a co-conspirator does not remove the basis for a charge of conspiracy, a single defendant may be prosecuted and convicted of the offense. See citations of authority, in the Annotation `Disposition of Case against Co-Conspirator' 97 A.L.R. 1312."
The Commentary to § 13A-4-3 makes it clear that, to the extent Berness conflicts with that section, the law as stated in Berness is changed:
"Subdivision (d)(1) is consistent with the general principle which applies to parties to offenses that acquittal or lack of prosecution of the main offender is immaterial in the prosecution of the accessorial offender. E.g., United States v. Provenzano, 334 F.2d 678 (3rd Cir.), cert. denied, 379 U.S. 947 [85 S.Ct. 440, 13 L.Ed.2d 544] (1964) (principal need not be tried, convicted, or even identified). People ex rel. Guido v. Calkins, [9 N.Y.2d 77, 211 N.Y.S.2d 166], 172 N.E.2d 549 (1961). The same principle should apply to coconspirators. It is not essential that two persons be convicted of conspiracy, but only that at least two conspired to commit some unlawful act. Kleihege v. State, 177 N.E. 60 (Ind.1931). And see New York Penal Law § 20.05(2); Proposed New Federal Criminal Code § 1004(4); Proposed Revision Texas Penal Code § 15.02(c). This may change Alabama law. Hill v. State, 210 Ala. 221, 97 So. 639 (1923) (In prosecution for murder pursuant to conspiracy acquittal of one coconspiractor patently irrelevant.) Cf. Berness v. State, 40 Ala.App. 198, 113 So.2d 178 (1958) (Nolle prosequi of one of two coconspirators requires discharge of other, since conspiracy requires more than one person.)."
See also United States v. Espinosa-Cerpa, 630 F.2d 328 (5th Cir.1980).
Bright is not due to be discharged and his motion for a judgment of acquittal was properly denied.
II
Bright is correct in his contention that his conviction was had on the uncorroborated testimony of an accomplice and that the prosecution failed to properly prove the existence of a conspiracy.
*400 The indictment charged in effect that Bright, Hammett, and Olive engaged in a conspiracy to steal or unlawfully obtain from the Baptist Memorial Hospital of Gadsden (hereinafter designated as the Hospital) the silver residue and by-products resulting from the development of x-ray film.
Jerry Baker was the associate director of the Hospital and was, as such, the defendant's supervisor. The defendant was the chief x-ray technologist at the Hospital. Co-defendant Hammett was the chief x-ray technologist at the Boaz-Albertville Hospital and co-defendant Olive was the assistant chief. Hammett and Olive were partners in Independent Silver Reclaimers (ISR) which dealt in the reclamation of silver from old x-ray films and from the process of developing the film.
As chief technologist, the defendant "was responsible for handling whatever arrangements that could be made in disposing of silver flake or old film or whatever." The defendant introduced Hammett to Assistant Director Baker. The Hospital, with the approval of its officers, entered into an agreement with Hammett whereby the Hospital would receive silver bars from ISR in return for the x-ray by-products collected from the Hospital by ISR.
Assistant Director Baker testified that the defendant was responsible for all of the x-ray by-products and the transactions with Hammett. It was the defendant's responsibility to insure that the Hospital received all of the silver it was due from ISR. The defendant and the assistant chief x-ray technologist at the Hospital were the only ones with access to the silver recovery unit of the x-ray developing processor.
Larry Waefler was an auditor for the State Medicaid Quality Control Unit of the Attorney General's Office. He audited the Hospital's records, reviewed the records of ISR, and concluded that the Hospital should have received 2,826.23 troy ounces of silver in addition to what it actually received from ISR. In February of 1983, the Hospital sold Hammett the 2,549 ounces of silver it had amassed during 1981-82 for $40,000. Waefler's review showed that "there were pick ups from Baptist Memorial Hospital that Roy Bodine was ultimately credited with." Waefler testified that the records of ISR showed "a total of 18 transactions with Baptist Memorial Hospital and 14 of them were closely arrayed with documents and transactions with Roy Bodine, either consecutive [receipt] numbers or on the same day with different numbers but reflecting the same day as the transaction." In some cases the transactions "were exactly the same" with regard to the type and amount of silver residue collected by ISR from the Hospital and Bodine.
Waefler testified that a diligent search of public records (tax, social security, public safety) failed to uncover any existence of Roy Bodine. He stated that an expert analysis and comparison of the defendant's handwriting with the signatures of Bodine revealed that Bodine's handwriting was not done by the defendant.
The State's evidence showed that ISR purchased silver from both the Hospital and Bodine and that Hammett handled both accounts.
Larry Lennon was employed by ISR in 1981. He testified that on one occasion he went with Hammett to collect some used x-ray film from the Hospital. Although it was customary to keep "pick-up records" when silver was collected, on this occasion the film was not weighed and the Hospital was not given a receipt. Lennon testified that the defendant told Hammett that they "would get the weights straightened out later."
Jack Thompson operated MIF Refining and acquired ISR in July of 1983. He testified, over objection, that Hammett told him that Hammett had a "special relationship" with Roy Bodine and that if Thompson wanted to maintain that relationship Hammett might possibly handle that. Later, Hammett told Thompson that "Roy Bodine and a Mr. Roy Bright at the Baptist Hospital in Gadsden were one and the same individual."
*401 Mike Alredge worked for MIF but had previously been employed by ISR. In an attempt to obtain new customers for MIF he attempted to locate, but was unable to find, Roy Bodine.
Co-defendant Olive testified as a prosecution witness that when Hammett told the defendant "how good the returns were going to be ... he [defendant] decided that he wanted part of it." Hammett told Olive that he was going to give the defendant "a split." Hammett and Olive "came up with" the name "Roy Bodine" because they needed records. Olive testified that all the transactions with Bodine involved silver collected from the Hospital. He stated that he did not know who Bodine was, although Hammett had told him that "Roy Bodine and Roy Bright were one and the same people" when the account was set upwhen they started doing business with the hospital.
The trial court found that "all" of the evidence "collectively" connects the defendant with the conspiracy: "It is all circumstantial, true, and each piece of it standing by itself probably wouldn't meet the test, but collectively I think that ."
In Alabama, it is well settled that a felony conviction cannot be had on the uncorroborated testimony of an accomplice. Alabama Code 1975, § 12-21-222. It is just as well established that "[b]efore a co-conspirator's statement or act will be admissible against the accused, proof must be made of the conspiracy." C. Gamble, McElroy's Alabama Evidence § 195.03(2) (3d ed. 1977). Before Hammett's hearsay statement that Bodine and the defendant were the same person was admissible against the defendant, the prosecution had to present prima facie evidence sufficient to establish the existence of a conspiracy. Bynum v. State, 348 So.2d 804, 826 (Ala. Cr.App.1976), cert. quashed, 348 So.2d 828 (Ala.1977), cert. denied, 454 U.S. 1034, 98 S.Ct. 766, 54 L.Ed.2d 781 (1978); Cox v. State, 240 Ala. 368, 370, 199 So. 806, 807 (1941). "Prima facie evidence may be defined as evidence which suffices for proof of a particular fact until the fact is contradicted by other evidence." Lavett v. Lavett, 414 So.2d 907, 911-12 (Ala.1982).
The existence of the conspiracy must be shown by "evidence independent of the hearsay statements" of the co-conspirator. United States v. Cannington, 729 F.2d 702, 711 (11th Cir.1984). "And evidence of acts or statements deemed to be relevant may not be given until the judge is satisfied that apart from them there are prima facie grounds for believing in the existence of the conspiracy to which they relate." DeBardeleben v. State, 16 Ala.App. 367, 369, 77 So. 979, 981, cert. denied, 201 Ala. 523, 78 So. 877 (1918). The inference of the conspiracy must be proved by evidence "independent" of the statements of the co-conspirators. Collins v. State, 137 Ala. 50, 55, 34 So. 403, 404 (1903). The legal principle for this rule is equivalent to that which states that the testimony of an accomplice cannot be corroborated by the testimony of another accomplice. Ward v. State, 376 So.2d 1112, 1116 (Ala.Cr.App.), cert. denied, 376 So.2d 1117 (Ala.1979); Knowles v. State, 44 Ala. App. 163, 166, 204 So.2d 506, 510 (1967); Evans v. State, 42 Ala.App. 587, 591, 172 So.2d 796, 800 (1965). "The declaration of an alleged conspirator made outside the presence of accused is not, alone and uncorroborated, sufficient prima facie proof of the existence of a conspiracy, or of the connection of the accused with it; nevertheless, the declaration of each and all of the persons accused as to the existence of the conspiracy, taken together with the conduct of the parties and other evidence, may well constitute the most convincing evidence." 22A C.J.S. Criminal Law § 760 (1961). "This proof of the existence of the conspiracy must be independent of the statements of the defendant's co-conspirators.... The initial existence of a conspiracy may not be proved by the statements of the co-conspirators." Ingle v. State, 415 So.2d 1225, 1228-29 (Ala.Cr.App. 1982).
Although the existence of a conspiracy may be and usually is shown through circumstantial evidence, Muller v. State, 44 *402 Ala.App. 637, 642, 218 So.2d 698, 703 (1968), cert. denied, 283 Ala. 717, 218 So.2d 704 (1969), "`conspiracies cannot be established by a mere suspicion,' and ... relationships and associations between the parties which are natural and reasonable according to their habits and modes of life do not constitute evidence of a conspiracy." Pharris v. Commonwealth, 198 Ky. 51, 55, 248 S.W. 230, 232 (1923).
Here, apart from the hearsay statement of co-defendant Hammett, there was absolutely nothing to connect the defendant with the fictitious Roy Bodine. Without that showing there was no competent testimony to evidence "any confederacy or agreement between" the defendant and Hammett to do an unlawful act. § 13A-4-3 Commentary. By virtue of the defendant's position at the Hospital, some suspicion is created with regard to what involvement, if any, he had in the failure of ISR to pay the Hospital for all the silver it reclaimed. However, it is only conjecture which postulates the existence of a conspiracy between Hammett and the defendant. Such supposition is based only on speculation and does not constitute prima facie evidence of the existence of a conspiracy.
The judgment of the circuit court is reversed and this cause is remanded.
REVERSED AND REMANDED.
All Judges concur.
| {
"pile_set_name": "FreeLaw"
} |
[Diagnostic image (297). A man lacking the contour of the right clavicle].
A 24-year-old man sustained a sporting accident which caused the contour of the proximal part of the right clavicle to disappear, due to a posterior sternoclavicular dislocation. | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Abstracts"
} |
Manning's 7-TD night overwhelms Ravens
DENVER -- There was no mystery to Peyton Manning's game plan: score and then score some more.
Manning pulled it off to a "T." He tied the NFL record with seven touchdown passes, including three in the third quarter to break open a tight game, and the Denver Broncos pulled away to beat the defending Super Bowl champion Baltimore Ravens 49-27 Thursday night in the NFL's season-opening showcase.
"You never know what's going to happen in a game," Manning said. "I felt like we had to keep scoring."
And score they did.
Third-year tight end Julius Thomas, shaking off an arrest last week for missing a court hearing on a traffic citation, and free agent addition Wes Welker, atoning for a muffed punt, each caught two of Manning's scoring passes to help ease some of the sting from the Broncos' double-overtime playoff loss to the Ravens in January.
Demaryius Thomas also had two touchdown catches, including the longest of the night, 78 yards.
"Last year was last year," Manning said. "It's a new year for us. It's a good start to a new season. Depending on how the season goes, you can usually expect to see Baltimore again."
Demaryius Thomas finished with five receptions for 161 yards, while Julius Thomas had five catches for 110 yards. Welker's game-high nine catches accounted for 67 yards.
Manning, a four-time MVP who is starting his second season with Denver after playing the bulk of his career with the Indianapolis Colts, completed 27 of 42 passes for 462 yards.
His previous high was six touchdown passes in a game, which he accomplished twice, most recently against the Detroit Lions on Nov. 25, 2004.
"He's phenomenal," Julius Thomas said of Manning, 37. "To continue to come out every year and put that kind of performance on for us, it's amazing."
Joe Flacco, whose brilliant play keyed the Ravens' championship run last season and won him a lucrative new contract, completed 34 of 62 passes for 362 yards. However, he faced withering defensive pressure after the Broncos gained a commanding lead with a 21-point third quarter.
"It was just one of those nights," Flacco said. "It was a pretty good game for a while, and it got away from us. We've all been through it before. When you play in the NFL for a while, you're going to be through these types of games."
Flacco was intercepted twice, though he was spared from having the second returned for a touchdown when Broncos linebacker Danny Trevathan, celebrating prematurely, simply let the ball drop a yard before he reached the goal line. The ball rolled out of the back of the end zone for a touchback, returning possession to the Ravens at the 20.
"It was a young mistake," said Trevathan, a second-year player who caught grief from teammates and a heated sideline lecture from defensive coordinator Jack Del Rio. "It was kind of selfish. I'm going to take full responsibility. I'm going to grow from it."
The Ravens lost key elements of their offense when wide receiver Jacoby Jones and right tackle Michael Oher both left the game in the second quarter because of injury. Oher went out with an ankle sprain, and Jones suffered a knee sprain when rookie Brynden Trawick collided with his teammate as Jones prepared to field a punt.
"Obviously, it's a tough loss," Ravens coach John Harbaugh said. "Hats off to the Broncos. They played extremely well. Especially in the third quarter, they executed extremely well."
Denver was without pass-rushing star Von Miller, who began serving a six-game suspension for violating the NFL's substance-abuse policy.
Baltimore led 17-14 at halftime. The Broncos took their first lead when Manning capped the opening drive of the third quarter with a 28-yard scoring pass to Andre Caldwell.
In quick succession, the Broncos' David Bruton blocked Sam Koch's punt, leading two plays later to Manning's 5-yard TD pass to Welker. After Denver's defense forced another punt, Manning drove the Broncos to another score, finishing with a 2-yard TD pass to Welker. Suddenly, Denver was up 35-17.
Manning's sixth touchdown pass was a 26-yarder to Demaryius Thomas with 13:19 left to play.
After the Trevathan blunder, Flacco drove the Ravens to a touchdown, finishing with a 13-yard scoring pass to Marlon Brown. Baltimore added a field goal to pull within 42-27, but there was no keeping up with Manning.
Manning punctuated his performance with the 78-yarder to Demaryius Thomas late in the fourth quarter.
The Ravens were on top at the break thanks to Justin Tucker's tiebreaking, 25-yard field goal with seven seconds left in the second quarter. Baltimore failed to convert a first-and-goal at the 6-yard line into a touchdown.
Cornerback Kayvon Webster tipped away a first-down pass intended for Brandon Stokley, a second-down run went nowhere, and Ravens tight end Dallas Clark dropped a third-down pass with a clear path to the end zone. | {
"pile_set_name": "Pile-CC"
} |
Although the association of diabetes and potency disorders is well recognized, there is limited information in the pathophysiology of erectile disorders in the diabetic male and few procedures that may assist the differential diagnosis between psychogenic and organic impotence. There is also an almost total lack of information concerning the influence of diabetes mellitus upon sexual function in the female patient. The overall objective of this application is to study sexual dysfunction in diabetic patients. Studies are proposed to gather data on the prevalence and nature of sexual problems in a population of female diabetics. For this purpose, a detailed semi-structured interview, a sexual history questionnaire and a self-report scale of sexual function will be completed by a group of female diabetics and a comparison group of non-diabetic patients. The second objective of the proposed research is to evaluate the diagnostic value of assessing nocturnal penile tumescence for the evaluation of potency disorders in diabetic male patients. For this purpose, the nocturnal erection pattern of four groups of subjects will be compared: diabetic men free from sexual disorders, diabetic men with erectile dysfunctions, psychologically impotent non-diabetic men and normal controls. | {
"pile_set_name": "NIH ExPorter"
} |
STAT6 phosphorylation inhibitors block eotaxin-3 secretion in bronchial epithelial cells.
The STAT6 (signal transducer and activator of transcription 6) protein facilitates T-helper cell 2 (Th2) mediated responses that control IgE-mediated atopic diseases such as asthma. We have identified compounds that bind to STAT6 and inhibit STAT6 tyrosine phosphorylation induced by IL-4. In the bronchial epithelial cell line BEAS-2B, compound (R)-84 inhibits the secretion of eotaxin-3, a chemokine eliciting eosinophil infiltration. (R)-84 appears to prevent STAT6 from assuming the active dimer configuration by directly binding the protein and inhibiting tyrosine phosphorylation. | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Abstracts"
} |
In short: For a My First Half (tm), very good. In full: The course is surprisingly undulating in places for one advertised as "Flat"! I know the area so I wasn't surprised, but others might have been. Also, the single-file bit along the side of the A419 was a bit of a nuisance. Other than that, an excellent, well-organised race where you feel the whole town turns out to support. Date of review: November 9, 2010
In short: Another very slick event - well doneIn full: The whole event seemed to be very well organised and supported. The country sections were lovely, even the steepish hill around halfway. Shame about the section along the busy road nearer the end, but I'm not sure there's much the organisers can do about that. Great cakes at the end, too.Date of review: November 6, 2010
In short: Weather brilliant - well organised again. Well done StroudIn full: Well organised as usual. I was slightly slower than last year but that's my fault.Not the easiest course but still good PB potential (I think I have done 3 PBs here), well supported.Date of review: October 28, 2010
In short: A great half marathon to finish the year.In full: I love this race, especially being a local run for me. This is my third time doing this run and I have got a new pb every time. The race is well supported with friendly marshalls. Plenty of facilities, like refreshments and changing area. The only negative is the ind estate, which seems to go on forever. Other than that a good run. Well done Stroud AC.Date of review: October 27, 2010
In short: That's the way a-ha a-ha....In full: If only I hadn't run a marathon the week before, a PB would have been mine I tell thee.Well organised, great course (flat but not too flat if that makes any sense), and good support out on the route.Date of review: October 27, 2010
In short: well organised, well marshalled, well done stoud a.c. a good dayIn full: a first for me, this h/m. good course route, nothing too servere, plenty of p.b. potential, interesting loop around the ind/estate, especially when confronted by two artic's nearly blocking the route, a quick sidestep and i was away. fatigue set in after mile 11 and tried to ruin the day, but forged on for an ok ish time, a good starting point for vlm prep.p.s. come early for the best parking.Date of review: October 27, 2010
In short: Fast-ish course - good oragnisation - not too expensiveIn full: A very good race. The only negative was the single file 2 miles or so, next to the busy road. Difficult to race that bit as overtaking was tricky (but not impossible). | {
"pile_set_name": "Pile-CC"
} |
Mechanisms of HIV/SIV mucosal transmission.
The Division of AIDS (DAIDS), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), organized a Workshop on HIV/SIV Pathogenesis and Mucosal Transmission on March 14-17, 1994, attended by over 300 participants. The purpose of the workshop was to foster research in the areas of HIV pathogenesis, mucosal transmission, and host factors modulating HIV infection and disease. This article summarizes workshop presentations that focused on mechanisms of HIV or SIV mucosal transmission. The following are highlights from the workshop. The epidemiological data indicating a low probability of infection from a single sexual exposure are consistent with observations that infectious cell-free or cell-associated HIV could be isolated from only 10-57% of semen samples, and that high levels of SIV are required for infection by a mucosal route. Several lines of circumstantial evidence suggest that an important property of a transmitted HIV or SIV is the ability to infect macrophages. A potential mechanism for cell-associated mucosal transmission is provided by the observations that CD4-negative epithelial cells in culture are efficiently infected by direct contact with HIV-infected T cells, and that HIV-infected epithelial cells are observed in vivo. Cell-free HIV virions contain partial reverse transcripts of viral RNA into DNA, and conditions that promote DNA reverse transcripts, such as incubation in seminal fluid, increase viral infectivity. Finally, evidence is accumulating that transient or abortive infection with short-term recovery of infectious virus in blood can occur in the absence of seroconversion. | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Abstracts"
} |
Q:
DNS Resolver does not contain answer
I'm trying to automate some of the tasks with python. I have to chcek if some domains are still in ours DNS servers. So searching through stack i found script with dns.resolver and tryied to suit it to my needs.
So, the script looks like this:
import socket
import dns.resolver
mylist=[]
with open('domainfile.txt') as file:
for line in file:
mylist.append(line)
length = len(mylist)
resolver = dns.resolver.Resolver()
resolver.nameservers=[socket.gethostbyname('dns.example.com')]
for i in range(length):
for rdata in resolver.query(mylist[i], 'CNAME') :
print(rdata.target)
My domainfile.txt looks like this:
domain1
domain2
domain3
[...]
And error message i recived is:
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "dnspython.py", line 20, in
for rdata in resolver.query(lista[i], 'CNAME') :
File "/usr/local/lib/python3.7/dist-packages/dns/resolver.py", line 1053, in query
raise_on_no_answer)
File "/usr/local/lib/python3.7/dist-packages/dns/resolver.py", line 236, in init
raise NoAnswer(response=response)
dns.resolver.NoAnswer: The DNS response does not contain an answer to the question: domain1\010.example.com. IN CNAME
If I just insert my domain inside if statement instead of iterate through the mylist I get what I need. But when I try to do it through the list it adds to my domain \010 and then nothing happens.
Can you help me with this?
Thanks!
A:
That seems expected according to the docs: http://www.dnspython.org/docs/1.14.0/dns.resolver.Resolver-class.html#query
Raises:
...
NoAnswer - the response did not contain an answer and raise_on_no_answer is True.
The reason it's happening is probably because you haven't removed line endings from your domains.
Here's how I'd do it.
import socket
import dns.resolver
with open('domainlist.txt') as f:
my_list = [line.strip() for line in f.readlines()]
resolver = dns.resolver.Resolver()
resolver.nameservers=[socket.gethostbyname('dns.example.com')]
for domain in my_list:
try:
q = resolver.query(domain, 'CNAME')
for rdata in q:
print(f'{domain}: {rdata.target}')
except dns.resolver.NoAnswer:
print(f'{domain}: No answer')
| {
"pile_set_name": "StackExchange"
} |
Pacific Sunwear of California
Sponsored links:
About
Pacific Sunwear of California, Los Angeles
To view a larger map and get driving directions to Pacific Sunwear of California found at 232 Hawthorne Blvd Torrance in Los Angeles please scroll down and click the link below. The owner of this business should claim their listing by clicking the image on the left. It is free and easy to do. Have you tried to reach this merchant at (310) 542-5119 or visit their address and found it incorrect? Please click "Send" to let us know. If you are looking for a way to contact Pacific Sunwear of California you have come to the right place! Below is their address and phone number. We have other Kids Clothes businesses like Pacific Sunwear of California which can be found by clicking the Kids Clothes link near the top of this page. | {
"pile_set_name": "Pile-CC"
} |
[Differentiated treatment strategies for bone metastases of the extremities].
Bone metastases are the most common malignant bone tumours and most commonly occur in the spine, pelvis, proximal femur and proximal humerus. Prostate and breast cancer most often metastasize to the bone. In patients with a history of tumours and local unspecific pain in the back and extremities, further diagnostic examinations should be performed. For the initial diagnosis a conventional radiograph of the whole bone in two planes is sufficient. For further diagnostics, the imaging may be supplemented with CT, MRI, scintigraphy and a PET-CT (PET-MRI) if the findings are not inconspicuous on the x‑ray. An indication for biopsy exists if the tumor cannot be classified, especially in solitary findings with or without previous tumor anamnesis. Surgical indications for bone metastases are a pathological fracture, an impending fracture, a solitary late metastasis, radiation-resistant osteolysis and therapy-resistant pain. In solitary metastases, the prognosis for patients can be significantly improved by a wide (R0 resection) depending on the primary tumour. For multiple metastases the restoration of mobility and improvement of the quality of life are in the foreground. Depending on the life expectancy and other factors, such as the location of the metastases osteosynthesis, implantations of dual head prothesis, total joint arthroplasty and tumor endoprostheses can be performed. | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Abstracts"
} |
Q:
Sed cannot find file while building Docker image
I am trying to build my very first Docker image. My image is based on centos:7. However, the Docker image gets stuck at this command:
RUN /usr/bin/sed -e 's/127.0.0.1:9000/9000/' \
-e '/allowed_clients/d' \
-e '/catch_workers_output/s/^;//' \
-e '/error_log/d' \
-i /etc/php-fpm.d/www.conf
This is what I get while the image is building:
Step 5 : RUN /usr/bin/sed -e 's/127.0.0.1:9000/9000/' ??????? -e '/allowed_clien
ts/d' ??????? -e '/catch_workers_output/s/^;//' ??????? -e '/error_log/d' ??????
? -i /etc/php-fpm.d/www.conf
---> Running in 660063647d37
/usr/bin/sed: can't read ???????: No such file or directory
/usr/bin/sed: can't read ???????: No such file or directory
/usr/bin/sed: can't read ???????: No such file or directory
/usr/bin/sed: can't read ???????: No such file or directory
INFO[0000] The command [/bin/sh -c /usr/bin/sed -e 's/127.0.0.1:9000/9000/' ????
??? -e '/allowed_clients/d' ??????? -e '/catch_workers_output/s/^;//' ??????? -e
'/error_log/d' ??????? -i /etc/php-fpm.d/www.conf] returned a non-zero code: 2
However, when I connect to the half-built image, the file is indeed there:
vagrant@vagrant-ubuntu-trusty-64:/vagrant/docker$ docker images
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED
VIRTUAL SIZE
<none> <none> c34b6e6456bd 2 hours ago
295.7 MB
centos 7 2b8d6139a545 2 days ago
212.1 MB
centos centos7 2b8d6139a545 2 days ago
212.1 MB
centos latest 2b8d6139a545 2 days ago
212.1 MB
vagrant@vagrant-ubuntu-trusty-64:/vagrant/docker$ docker run -it --rm c34b6e645
6bd
[root@b61b0154b97b /]# ls /etc/php-fpm.
php-fpm.conf php-fpm.d/
[root@b61b0154b97b /]# ls /etc/php-fpm.d
www.conf
I've also verified that sed is located at /usr/bin/sed. In fact, I've pasted the command into my session and have seen it do its job.
What am I doing wrong here?
A:
The error message was misleading me. I realized that while copy and pasting, the tab character was not pasted properly.
I replaced those characters with space and the problem was fixed.
| {
"pile_set_name": "StackExchange"
} |
Mustard Seeds Oil Review For Hair Treatment
Are you happy with your hair?
Many people experience several hair issues right from birth because of factors which can be internal (inside the body) or external. For such matters, mustard oil which is also known as ‘also ka tel’ in Hindi is the solution. Regular use of this oil was in vogue a long time ago, when there were no cosmetics. This article will enlighten you on how this magical elixir can perform wonders on your hair.
Benefits of Mustard Oil
It is rich in antioxidants, for example, selenium, which shields cells from adverse environmental conditions. Regular utilization of mustard oil for hair can help curb hair damage and restore its natural texture
Mustard oil is comprised lots of proteins, required for hair growth and maintenance of healthy, strong hair. So if you always complain of hair loss, it’s very possible you lack sufficient essential proteins, and your body is coordinating any protein reserves towards more primary function from the hair. Lastly, mustard seed oil is rich in Omega-3 a fatty acid which is essential for fast hair growth and lustrous, strong hair
It comprises lots Of Vitamins and Minerals: Abundantly found in India, mustard oil is a rich essential alpha fats, and various vitamins like A, D, E, and K, and minerals. It is an excellent source of beta-carotene zinc and selenium. Beta-carotene is converted to vitamin A, and it directly aids in healthy growth.
Conditions Hair: Mustard oil is an amazing conditioner. It contains the fundamental alpha fatty acids, which help in the conditioning of hair generously
Risk associated with the use of Mustard oil
Although mustard seed oil is good for hair growth, too much application of the oil is not good for your hair since there will be a formation of oil layer on the hair. This will make the hair become sticky and dust particles or other foreign particles will stick to the hair
Also, excessive application of mustard oil is risky especially in a case whereby the excess oil is not properly washed off. The remaining oil scalp tends to clog the hair pores and prevent the scalp from breathing, thus leading to hair fall.
Mustard Seed Oil Recipes for Hair
Mix it in with almond, coconut and olive oil and then massage the hair and scalp. Cover your hair using a shower cap for about 2-3 hours, then wash and condition as usual. You can likewise apply some heat for a better result.
For natural treatment of dandruff, you can add several drops of mustard seed oil to your hair and scalp and massage in. Afterwards, leave it for an hour, then shampoo and condition.
4 thoughts on “Mustard Seeds Oil Review For Hair Treatment”
I have never heard of mustard seed. I have certainly learned a lot from your article. My hair gets very dry right after I wash it; I am definitely going to try out the recipe, its sounds like a great recipe for dry hair. Thanks for the information.
If the dryness is your main concern, try the combination of mustard oil and argan oil, and finish with alma rinse that will add some shine and vibrancy of your hair’s color.
Feel free to ask questions if you need the additional guidance.
Wow I never knew mustard oil was so good for hair. I am definitely going to try this one…. Good tip to leave it on for awhile then wash and condition later. I always thought when applying the oils to the hair you were meant to just leave it in the hair. Selenium is good for our brains too… Thanks!
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Example Widget
This is an example widget to show how the Right Sidebar looks by default. You can add custom widgets from the widgets screen in the admin. If custom widgets are added then this will be replaced by those widgets. | {
"pile_set_name": "Pile-CC"
} |
Q:
WCF on IIS8; *.svc handler mapping doesn't work
I'm trying to get a wcf service running in IIS8 on 2012 build 8400.
When installing the web role the wcf stuff (under 3.51) wasn't to be found like in 2008.
When installed the svc handler mapping was missing, so i did a:
%windir%\Microsoft.NET\Framework\v3.0\WindowsCommunication Foundation\ServiceModelReg.exe –i
Now the handler mapping is there, but I still get:
The resource you are looking for does not have a handler associated with it.
(I removed the static file handler.)
The site is using the classic pipeline in order to use impersonation.
A:
More specifically:
Run Server Manager (on task bar and start menu)
Choose the server to administer (probably local server)
Scroll down to "Roles and Features" section.
Choose "Add Role or Feature" from Tasks drop down
On "Add Role or Feature Wizard" dialog, click down to "Features" in list of pages on the left.
Expand ".Net 3.5" or ".Net 4.5", depending on what you have installed. (you can go back up to "roles" screen to add if you don't have.
Under "WCF Services", check the box for "HTTP-Activation". You can also add non-http types if you know you need them (tcp, named pipes, etc).
Click "Install" Button.
A:
I had to enable HTTP Activation in .NET Framework 4.5 Advanced Services > WCF Services
A:
turn ON the following on 'Turn Windows Features on or off'
a) .Net Framework 3.5 - WCF HTTP Activation and Non-Http Activation
b) all under WCF Services
| {
"pile_set_name": "StackExchange"
} |
Q:
Different Celery instance objects using same broker - Is that a good practice?
I was wondering, is it a good practice, to have different Celery instance objects using same broker?
Currently, I have a rabbitmq, acted as single broker shared among 3 instances of Celery. My Celery instances are as follow
insider_transaction - Fixed schedule worker. Run every minute
earning - Worker created by web server.
stock_price - Worker created by web server.
I designed every worker runs in their own docker container. I expect 3 workers will run independent from each others.
However, I realize that is not the case!
For instance, earning worker will mistakenly receive messages which are suppose to be received only by stock_price or insider_transaction.
You will see this kind of message received by earning worker.
earning_1 | The message has been ignored and discarded.
earning_1 |
earning_1 | Did you remember to import the module containing this task?
earning_1 | Or maybe you're using relative imports?
earning_1 |
earning_1 | Please see
earning_1 | http://docs.celeryq.org/en/latest/internals/protocol.html
earning_1 | for more information.
earning_1 |
earning_1 | The full contents of the message body was:
earning_1 | '[[], {}, {"callbacks": null, "errbacks": null, "chain": null, "chord": null}]' (77b)
earning_1 | Traceback (most recent call last):
earning_1 | File "/usr/local/lib/python3.6/site-packages/celery/worker/consumer/consumer.py", line 561, in on_task_received
earning_1 | strategy = strategies[type_]
earning_1 | KeyError: 'insider_transaction.run'
and this
earning_1 | The message has been ignored and discarded.
earning_1 |
earning_1 | Did you remember to import the module containing this task?
earning_1 | Or maybe you're using relative imports?
earning_1 |
earning_1 | Please see
earning_1 | http://docs.celeryq.org/en/latest/internals/protocol.html
earning_1 | for more information.
earning_1 |
earning_1 | The full contents of the message body was:
earning_1 | '[[2, 3], {}, {"callbacks": null, "errbacks": null, "chain": null, "chord": null}]' (81b)
earning_1 | Traceback (most recent call last):
earning_1 | File "/usr/local/lib/python3.6/site-packages/celery/worker/consumer/consumer.py", line 561, in on_task_received
earning_1 | strategy = strategies[type_]
earning_1 | KeyError: 'stock_price.mul'
I don't expect such to happen. In my web server side code (Flask). I wrote
celery0 = Celery('earning',
broker=CELERY_BROKER_URL,
backend=CELERY_RESULT_BACKEND)
celery1 = Celery('stock_price',
broker=CELERY_BROKER_URL,
backend=CELERY_RESULT_BACKEND)
@app.route('/do_work/<int:param1>/<int:param2>')
def do_work(param1,param2):
task0 = celery0.send_task('earning.add', args=[param1, param2], kwargs={})
task1 = celery1.send_task('stock_price.mul', args=[param1, param2], kwargs={})
Hence, I expect earning worker will only receive earning message, not stock_price nor insider_transaction message.
May I know, why this problem occur? Is it not possible for different instance of Celery sharing single broker?
A project which demonstrates this problem can be checkout from https://github.com/yccheok/celery-hello-world
docker-compose build
docker-compose up -d
http://localhost:5000/do_work/2/3
docker-compose up earning
A:
Are you using routing keys? You can use routing keys to tell the exchange which tasks to handle with which queues. Setting these in your celery configs may help to prevent the wrong messages from being consumed by the wrong workers.
| {
"pile_set_name": "StackExchange"
} |
CLI
CLI may refer to:
Computing
Command-line interface, of a computer program
Command-line interpreter or command language interpreter; see List of command-line interpreters
Call Level Interface, an SQL database management API
Common Language Infrastructure, a Microsoft .NET Framework specification
CLI (x86 instruction)
Biology and medicine
Critical limb ischemia, also known as Chronic limb threatening ischemia
Organisations
Caribbean Law Institute
Clì Gàidhlig, an organisation supporting learners of Scottish Gaelic
Committee for the Liberation of Iraq
Corps Léger d'Intervention
Other
Caller Line Identification (Caller ID) telephony network service
Celebrity Love Island, an ITV reality television show
151 (number), in Roman numerals
Cost-of-living index
Canada Land Inventory, a multi-disciplinary land inventory of rural Canada | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
} |
Friday, September 4, 2015
When, indeed? Because the world has been spinning faster and
faster, and anyway, my own house has been turned not upside down but rather
sideways, since everything that was in the back of the house is now in the
front of the house, all the better so that Lord—who is logically Lady’s
brother—can scale scaffolds and ladders in order to drip paint on the floor.
OK—be fair. The paint dripped is a wonderful near Norwegian
blue (actually, in my mind it’s a Finnish blue) but also very runny, or maybe
it’s just that it dislikes being put on the cornice and wants the limelight of
being lower down. Anyway, it’s running, which is unfortunate, since neither Lord
nor I had the sense to realize that we should probably paint the ceiling first,
then the cornice, and then the rest of the wall. No, we went the other way,
which would have been fine if we had remembered to get the paint that falls up.
But the great thing about Lord is that he’s very clean, which means that the
floor is looking far cleaner than it ever has. He also has fallen for Mauricio,
who is supposed to be a cat but is instead a genetically modified skunk (they
removed the stripes) and whose other name is Monsanto. So Lord has provided
Monsanto with a roller hanging from a string, and the cat / skunk has been
happy ever since. See? Service you don’t get from ordinary painters!
So for years we had been living with mold, we are now living
with dust and the cement scrapings and scraps of paint. Not that we didn’t
escape once or twice, first to go to Walmart to buy a mattress, and second to
go to the largest shopping mall in the Caribbean, since someone had crashed
through to the very nadir of nefariousness and robbed my phone.
It’s my fault, of course, though I still think that the
current thief was in his last life Joseph Mengele. But the point is that I
succumbed to a salesman who told me that I would never get a date—or what might
come after it—if I continued to have the phone that Radio Shack had actually
paid me to take off their shelves. That phone, which was red but nameless, I
could leave in a prison lunchroom, and would anyone steal it? Of course not,
but the sleek little Galaxy s5?
I realized it in a flash, that it was gone, that it was
stolen, that I was defenseless. True, I had most of my contacts in a little
black notebook—yes, you have that honor, you out there—and I had most of the
three hundred CDs that I had collected gathering dust—and paint—next to the
piano. But I was faced with the horrifying possibility of reentering all those
contacts, and playing all that music back into the computer so that it could
play it back into the phone.
Curiously enough, the phone did it all by itself, even
without the SIMS card, so now I have my contacts and my music, and this little
Asus zenphone is a Galaxy manqué or
maybe a faux Galaxy but whatever it
is, it is not a Galaxy. Which means that I could throw it into a den of
thieves and they would throw it right back. Yes, it’s that bad.
So that’s why my mood had been rather sour, of late, plus of
course the fact that I’m a news junkie and living in Puerto Rico, which in the
current moment is spiraling through a vortex of crises. So what could I
possibly write about? After all, I had been compulsively reading articles
entitled, “Puerto Rico Debt Crisis: Yes, Western Civilization Soon to End!”
Could I help myself? Of course not, but neither did it seem like I should
inflict it on anyone else.
So I haven’t been writing, since what is there to write
about? Would anyone really be interested in the interesting relations between
Lord and his niece Naïa? Or that she had dragged him all the way to the other
side of the mall, so that he could pay six dollars for a Godiva ice cream cone,
which she declined to allow either of us to sample? Or that I had told her that
I was 9,6423,0974,987 seconds old, when she asked how old I am.
“What’s that in years?” she asked.
“Who knows,” I told her, “anyway, at my age, you have to
start counting in seconds…. Years just don’t make sense anymore.”
The daughter of a poet and a Frenchman, Naïa completely gets
this. So we go home, and I sit down to write, and there is nothing, absolutely
nothing to write about, which is depressing because—in those smug days when I could
write—I had declared that writer’s block was entirely fictitious. And haven’t I
proved it? 842 words, one and a half pages, and have I said anything at all? Of
course not!
So since I couldn’t write, I devoted myself to watching
videos, which meant that I had to listen to every word John Oliver has ever
uttered publically, since I had long since consumed the entire oeuvre of Rachel Maddow and John
Stewart. So that was a problem, since where could I turn after that?
The odd thing about a blogging life—let’s call it la vie del bloguer—is that things sort
of enter into your head, and you find yourself thinking or more likely
obsessing about them. But what made me think of prairie chickens? Right—it was
The New York Times, reporting on the near extirpation of the Attwater Prairie
Chickens, and that put me in mind of the prairie chickens that I had seen, way
back in the 60’s, in central Wisconsin.
It amuses me now—I live in the tropics, and the national
bird, our Puerto Rican parrot, is—in addition to well past extirpation and just
to the east of extinction—a very handsome bird indeed. Magnificent, with
vibrant green and striking red, and no little call, either. But for all that,
I’d rather be of a place that has the prairie chicken, and especially of a
place that had the likes of the Hamerstroms, who were the ardent champions of
the bird.
My father knew them, or maybe just knew of them, since we
were friends with the Schorgers—the foremost authority on the wild turkey—and
they were friends with everybody including Roger Tory Peterson, which is why I
can tell you that Peterson was utterly puzzled when somebody told him he really
should buy a suit, since the President was giving him some medal or other.
Right, the Hamerstroms, a wonderful old couple who lived in
an 1850’s stagecoach inn that hadn’t been painted since the Civil War but did
have a ballroom on the second floor. The ballroom housed the ornithological
books, and the first floor housed everything else, including a great horned
owl, who took what I felt was an unhealthy—for me, at least—interest in a
small, tow-headed boy. I sat down, the bird immediately flew behind me,
and perched on the cornice. I changed seats, the bird did as well. The
Hamerstroms and my parents found this funny; I, like the Queen, was not amused.
So we slept in this house which had, as Fran Hamerstrom once
said, “all of the luxuries, such as a first-class ornithological library, but
none of the necessities.” Which is to say it had no running water and only
wood-burning stoves for heat. Which was no problem for Mrs. Hamerstrom, because
she had been batty all her life. She was born into wealth in Massachusetts, but
instantly took to the wild, so much so that her parents tried to tame her. She
retreated even further, and took to planting poison ivy on the path between her
and her parents. Typically, she was naturally immune to the plant, though she
may have caused it to itch.
Well, she proudly flunked out of Smith, and then met her
husband, whom everybody called Hammy, and they both became students of another
Wisconsin legend, Aldo Leopold, who wrote Sand County Almanac, a book I
have lied about reading for years. So Leopold sold them on the idea of saving
the prairie chickens, and the Hamerstroms set to work, and have done so well
that there is now a Central Wisconsin
Prairie Chicken Festival. Yes, we take our prairie chickens seriously, we
of Wisconsin.
As do the prairie chickens, though I did not, that next
morning at five AM when we had to get up and sit in a freezing blind, since it
was my father’s professional duty to report on the doings of the prairie
chicken. And what were they doing? Well, you can see below, but it’s sort of
the ornithological equivalent of break dancing—very enticing, to the mesdames
prairie chickens, or las poules de
prairie.
Yes, the male does all the elaborate footwork of a manic
ballerina on cocaine, and then, after puffing his orange sack out from his
neck, soars up and bops his competitor, and that’s pretty important, since I
can now tell you that the top dog…err, chicken…gets to impregnate 90% percent
of the chicks.
At last, exhausted from not having slept in a freezing
house, and having woken up at before anyone even thought of cracking the dawn,
we went away. Fran
Hamerstrom stirred around, writing books, writing articles, and venturing
down to Peru to observe native Amazon hunting customs. She broke her hip there,
and had to be canoed out down the river, which was an annoyance but anyway, she
went back the next year. She was only 87 at the time, so it was no big deal….
She had been a little off all her life, but always in the best
way, so it shouldn’t have been a surprise to see her on the Letterman show, in
the clip below. If you can, skip to about minute 23 of the clip. Letterman is
painfully not funny for the first ten minutes, the comedian who follows him is
hardly better. But then Doctor Hamerstrom comes in, with the news that all
violets are edible, and with a dead fox snake, which she is proposing to cook
in—now burnt—butter. She’s taken an interest in cooking wild things, and has
become a sort of Julia Child of the Wisconsin woods.
They are, in fact, quite similar—Brahmin ladies who are
completely sincere and utterly funny without in the least meaning to be. So
it’s no surprise when Hamerstrom pulls out a small grass snake—her pet
Matilda—from a coin purse where she carries it. She then plops the snake into
her brassiere.
So now its four pages and 1868 words and I still have
writer’s block but…
Life, Death and Iguanas
Life, Death…and Iguanas?Yes, that’s the title of an e-book available on Amazon / Kindle. It’s the story of a woman who took charge of her death, just as she had her life. Of a family that split, and then united. Of a man who decided to live. Oh, and there’s some great stuff about iguanas….Read the first chapter by clicking here! | {
"pile_set_name": "Pile-CC"
} |
Safety and efficacy of isolated perfusion of extremities for recurrent tumor in elderly patients.
The treatment of bulky recurrent melanotic lesions of extremities with isolated limb perfusion with high dose chemotherapy offers palliation in a number of patients. However, the question is raised whether these major surgical procedures are too risky to warrant performing them in elderly patients. Sixty-seven limbs were perfused in 60 patients with various drugs from 1976 through 1996 (35, imidazole carboxamide; 7, cisplatin; 20, carboplatin; 5, thiotepa). Among the 67 perfusions, 20 were in patients aged 70 years and older. Perfusion was performed for 16 upper extremities and 51 lower extremities by using the pump oxygenator for 1 hour. A total of 19 complications were noted after a total of 14 of the 67 perfusions (21%) (postoperative edema, 5; seroma, 4; wound separation or infection, 9; nonfatal pulmonary embolus, 1). The complications in 4 of 20 perfusions in the older patients (20%) were less than in 15 of 47 perfusions in the younger patients (32%). Among the 17 patients older than 70 years of age who were treated with perfusions for recurrent disease, four patients (24%) are alive with no evidence of disease (NED) for a median of 29 months (range, 16 to 80 months); one patient is now more than 6 years with NED after her third perfusion for repeated in-transit disease. Another 2 of 17 patients (12%) are alive with disease for a median of 89 months (range, 54 to 123 mos). The remaining 11 patients (64%) are dead of their disease. These data are comparable to the control rates in the group of younger patients in the study. Overall, half of all the patients (14 of 28) who died of their disease in both groups had maintained local control of their involved extremities. Aggressive treatment in selected patients with regional isolated perfusion of limbs for melanoma can lead to significant palliation of symptoms and salvage of limbs with adequate disease-free control and occasional survival benefit. This series of patients was associated with meaningful disease control and with few serious complications. Perfusions are tolerated well by patients in their 70s and 80s; therefore advanced age is not a contraindication to this procedure in carefully selected patients. | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Abstracts"
} |
[Role of microcirculation in multiorgan failure of infectious origin].
The normal host response to infection is a complex process which serves to localize and control bacterial invasion and to initiate repair of injured tissue. This inflammatory process is accompanied by activation of circulating and fixed phagocytic cells and generation of pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory mediators. Sepsis results when the prerequisite inflammatory response to infection becomes generalized, and thereby extends to involve otherwise normal tissue which is remote from the initial site of injury or infection. Sepsis is typically associated to cardiovascular alterations that have been characterized by increases in oxygen delivery to the tissues. Paradoxically, the host's systemic inflammatory response syndrome may simultaneously disturb the ability to adequately match tissue oxygen needs and availability at a time when tissue oxygen needs are typically increased. Depressed tissue oxygen availability relative to augmented needs may result from dysfunction at all of the central, regional, and microregional levels of the circulation. Significant dysregulation in the process by which oxygen availability is usually matched to changing tissue oxygen needs is typical associated with changes the microvascular blood flow behavior, vascular reactivity and endothelial and leukocyte activation. Specific tools developed to explore the microcirculation have been applied in the setting of both human and animal models sepsis. Abnormalities observed in the septic microvasculature are characterized by reductions in cutaneous and skeletal muscle blood flow and in mucosal intestinal ischemia and hypoxia. Regarding the skeletal muscle organ system, microvascular abnormalities were further characterized by an impairment of blood flow to increase in response to oxygen need increase. Also, microvascular abnormalities in the intestine were associated with evidence of endothelial and leukocyte activation leading to epithelial dysfunction. Thus, sepsis appears to be associated with early onset microvascular dysfunction. The relationship between microvascular dysfunction and endothelial and leukocyte activation leading to organ failure has been suggested by numerous studies. | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Abstracts"
} |
Main navigation
300: Rise of an Empire
Like most people, when I walked out of the theater in 2007 after seeing 300, I immediately asked, “Well, the Spartans were sure amazing, but what were the Athenians doing during all of this?” Who knew that in seven short years, my answer would arrive in the form of 300: Rise of an Empire!
Now, all of you clamoring for a sequel to 300, hold your helmets. 300: Rise of an Empire is more of a companion to its predecessor than a sequel. The vengeful and honorable Queen Gorgo (Leny Headey) after having lost her king and husband Leonidas in a tragic battle against the massive Persian army at Thermopylae now looks to protect her City-State of Sparta by laying low and fortifying the city. In preparation, she begins to tell the story of the God-King Xerxes (Rodrigo Santoro) and his evolution from child to deity. The film transitions to “spin-off” as we are introduced to Thermistocles (Sullivan Stapleton), an Athenian general who in a calculated attack against the Persian army at Marathon succeeded in killing Persian King Darius paving the way for his son Xerxes to take over. Xerxes’s ascension to a God-like status, however is thanks to King Darius’s trusted commander of the Persian navy, Artemisia (Eva Green). Thermistocles’s plan against Xerxes involves getting all of the city-states in Greece to mobilize and join forces against the Persians, but he is struggling to get any support.
What follows is a warmed over retread of the original 300 plotline, but from an Athenian point of view. You’ll see Thermistocles give impassioned speeches to his out numbered yet capable army. In fact, in one scene, Thermistocoles explains how Athenian soldiers work as a unit and protect the man to their left. This is virtually lifted word for word from a similar speech delivered by Leonidas to hunchback, Ephialtes, in the original film. You will also see many scenes of fast-paced action with sudden slowed down shots of brutality and buckets of 3-D rendered blood spatter. What you won’t see is anything reminiscent of the innovative and groundbreaking brilliance of the first film. The acting is appropriate for its genre, however, and the scene where Thermistocoles meets Artemisia for the first time is compellingly campy, if not borderline pornographic.
The change of scenery from ground war to naval battle is a welcomed change. The brilliance of ancient sea battles is on full display and does hold your attention. But it also comes at a loss of some of the greatest stylistic achievements of the original 300. It is quite clear that most if not all of the sea battle scenes are filmed on a sound-stage. While the same was true for 300’s epic battle scenes, director Zack Snyder was able to play with shadow, perspective, and light to produce a visually stunning look never before seen on film. 300: Rise of an Empire director Noam Murro’s film is too dark and conventional and at times comes off more as a joke than anywhere near spectacular. In once scene, Thermistocoles while on board an Athenian ship, suddenly jumps on a horse (that’s right a horse!) and rides across several sinking and/or flaming ships while slaughtering every Persian in his path to arrive face to face with Artemisia for the climactic battle. #PersianAttackOnHorseback! Never did 300 reach this level of self-indulgence, which is what helped make it so effective.
300: Rise of an Empire is not a complete failure, but it is another entry in a long line of sub-par second installments. The franchise is certainly open for more installments and perhaps with the right mixture of writing and creativity, the ship can still be righted. C+ | {
"pile_set_name": "Pile-CC"
} |
Q:
Do I understand Prometheus's rate vs increase functions correctly?
I have read the Prometheus documentation carefully, but its still a bit unclear to me, so I am here to get confirmation about my understanding.
(Please note that for the sake of the simplest examples possible I have used the one second for scrap interval, timerange - even if its not possible in practice)
Despite we scrap a counter in each second and the counter's values is 30 right now. We have the following timeseries for that:
second counter_value increase calculated by hand(call it ICH from now)
1 1 1
2 3 2
3 6 3
4 7 1
5 10 3
6 14 4
7 17 3
8 21 4
9 25 4
10 30 5
We want to run some query on this dataset.
1.rate()
Official document states:
"rate(v range-vector) : calculates the per-second average rate of increase of the time series in the range vector."
With a layman's terms this means that we will get the increase for every second and the value for the given second will be the average increment in the given range?
Here is what I mean:
rate(counter[1s]): will match ICH because average will be calculated from one value only.
rate(counter[2s]): will get the average from the increment in 2 sec and distribute it among the seconds
So in the first 2 second we got an increment of total 3 which means the average is 1.5/sec.
final result:
second result
1 1,5
2 1,5
3 2
4 2
5 3,5
6 3,5
7 3,5
8 3,5
9 4,5
10 4,5
rate(counter[5s]): will get the average from the increment in 5 sec and distribute it among the seconds
The same as for [2s] but we calculate the average from total increment of 5sec.
final result:
second result
1 2
2 2
3 2
4 2
5 2
6 4
7 4
8 4
9 4
10 4
So the higher the timerange the smoother result we will get. And the sum of these increase will match the actual counter.
2.increase()
Official document states:
"increase(v range-vector) : calculates the increase in the time series in the range vector."
For me this means it wont distribute the average among the seconds, but instead will show the single increment for the given range(with extrapolation).
increase(counter[1s]): In my term this will match with the ICH and the rate for 1s, just because the total range and rate's base granularity match.
increase(counter[2s]): First 2 seconds gave us an increment of 3 total,so
2.seconds will get the value of 3 and so on...
second result
1 3*
2 3
3 4*
4 4
5 7*
6 7
7 7*
8 7
9 9*
10 9
*In my terms these values means the extrapolated values to cover every second.
Do I understand it well or am I far from that?
A:
In an ideal world (where your samples' timestamps are exactly on the second and your rule evaluation happens exactly on the second) rate(counter[1s]) would return exactly your ICH value and rate(counter[5s]) would return the average of that ICH and the previous 4. Except the ICH at second 1 is 0, not 1, because no one knows when your counter was zero: maybe it incremented right there, maybe it got incremented yesterday, and stayed at 1 since then. (This is the reason why you won't see an increase the first time a counter appears with a value of 1 -- because your code just created and incremented it.)
increase(counter[5s]) is exactly rate(counter[5s]) * 5 (and increase(counter[2s]) is exactly rate(counter[2s]) * 2).
Now what happens in the real world is that your samples are not collected exactly every second on the second and rule evaluation doesn't happen exactly on the second either. So if you have a bunch of samples that are (more or less) 1 second apart and you use Prometheus' rate(counter[1s]), you'll get no output. That's because what Prometheus does is it takes all the samples in the 1 second range [now() - 1s, now()] (which would be a single sample in the vast majority of cases), tries to compute a rate and fails.
If you query rate(counter[5s]) OTOH, Prometheus will pick all the samples in the range [now() - 5s, now] (5 samples, covering approximately 4 seconds on average, say [t1, v1], [t2, v2], [t3, v3], [t4, v4], [t5, v5]) and (assuming your counter doesn't reset within the interval) will return (v5 - v1) / (t5 - t1). I.e. it actually computes the rate of increase over ~4s rather than 5s.
increase(counter[5s]) will return (v5 - v1) / (t5 - t1) * 5, so the rate of increase over ~4 seconds, extrapolated to 5 seconds.
Due to the samples not being exactly spaced, both rate and increase will often return floating point values for integer counters (which makes obvious sense for rate, but not so much for increase).
| {
"pile_set_name": "StackExchange"
} |
1. Introduction {#sec1}
===============
Approximately 30,000 new cases of cancer in the oral cavity and oropharynx are diagnosed in the United States each year, corresponding to about 3% of all malignant tumors. Although visibly detectable due to the accessibility of the oral cavity, oral cancer has a high morbidity and mortality because it is typically at an advanced stage when it is finally clinically visible. Accordingly, the five-year survival rate for all stages combined is only 51%. Of the cancers involving the oral cavity and oropharynx, more than 90% are squamous cell carcinomas \[[@B1]--[@B3]\]. Up to 40% of those diagnosed with squamous cell carcinoma will develop a metastatic tumor or a second primary tumor to a nearby organ at a later time.
Early diagnosis of oral and oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma is crucial for a more favorable prognosis. The oral cavity and oropharynx are easily accessible for routine screening for squamous cell carcinoma, but reliable detection in early stages will require robust markers that are easy to assay. Methods for testing oral epithelial cells for malignancy traditionally involve an invasive and often painful biopsy. Whether as a diagnostic tool or prognostic marker, the potential to develop a simple, less invasive method for oral cancer screening would be of great value.
Human calmodulin-like protein CALML3 (synonyms: CLP, calmodulin-related protein NB-1) is a 148-amino-acid-residue calcium sensor protein closely related to the ubiquitous calmodulin \[[@B4], [@B5]\]. However, in contrast to calmodulin, CALML3 is tissue specific and seems to be expressed almost exclusively in normally differentiating epithelia such as those of breast, thyroid, prostate, kidney, and skin \[[@B6]\]. In a study comparing normal reduction mammoplasty specimens to archival breast cancer specimens, Rogers et al. \[[@B7]\] found that CALML3 was expressed at high levels in normal breast epithelium and that significant CALML3 downregulation occurred in 79% to 88% of invasive ductal carcinoma and lobular carcinoma specimens. The authors concluded that CALML3 downregulation is common in breast tumorigenesis and that the status of CALML3 expression can serve as a marker for the nonmalignant state \[[@B7]\].
We have previously found that CALML3 is expressed at the mRNA transcript level and can be detected by immunohistochemistry in normal oral mucosa tissue. By contrast, there was a notable reduction in immuno staining in areas of malignant transformation \[[@B8]\]. Here we performed immunohistochemical analysis to compare CALML3 expression in tissue samples representing the various phases of oral tumor progression to see if there is a statistically significant trend of changes in CALML3 expression during disease progression. In addition, direct comparisons in CALML3 expression were made between the individual categories of benign, dysplasia, carcinoma in situ, and invasive squamous cell carcinoma.
2. Materials and Methods {#sec2}
========================
2.1. Tissue Specimens {#sec2.1}
---------------------
Under IRB-approved protocol 754-04, the Mayo Clinic Tissue Registry was searched for patients that had undergone surgical biopsy of the oral cavity. A database was compiled placing the tissue specimens into 4 categories: benign squamous mucosa (including mild reactivity and hyperplasia), squamous dysplasia, squamous cell carcinoma in-situ (CIS), and invasive squamous cell carcinoma. The invasive squamous cell carcinoma was further categorized by grade \[[@B9]\]. The database was cross-referenced for patients who had given research consent. H&E stained slides for the surgical procedures were evaluated and the most appropriate tissue block for each case was processed for CALML3 immunostaining. A staff surgical pathologist (Thomas J. Sebo) confirmed the diagnosis of each sample. Samples were eliminated if there were any questionable diagnoses or if the quality of the section was poor.
A total of 90 tissue specimens were derived from 52 patients with 62 surgical procedures. For the purpose of this study, the assumption was made that multiple specimens from the same patient are independent. Specimens from the same patient were generally from different lesion sites taken during more than one date of surgery. Among the 52 patients, 31 (60%) were male and the overall mean age at the time of diagnosis was 64 years (SD, 15; median, 67; range, 6 months--87 years). Among the 90 tissue specimens, 30 (33%) were diagnosed as benign, 6 (7%) as dysplastic, 12 (13%) as carcinoma in situ, and 42 (47%) as invasive squamous cell carcinoma. Of the 42 samples diagnosed as squamous cell carcinoma, 2 (5%) were grade 1, 11 (26%) were grade 2, 27 (64%) were grade 3, and 2 (5%) were grade 4. Other data recorded included location of specimen (tongue, floor of mouth, right, left, etc.) and type of surgery (excision versus biopsy).
2.2. Immunohistochemistry {#sec2.2}
-------------------------
The generation, affinity purification, and characterization of a rabbit polyclonal antibody (TG7) against human CALML3 have been described \[[@B7]\]. These antibodies (generated by Cocalico, Inc., Reamstown) recognize a peptide corresponding to the C-terminal residues 127 to 148 of CALML3 (the most divergent region between CALML3 and calmodulin). Affinity-purified antibodies showed excellent sensitivity and specificity for CALML3 \[[@B5], [@B7]\]. The paraffin-embedded tissue specimens were cut at a thickness of 6 *μ*m, mounted on positively charged slides, deparaffinized, and treated with H~2~O~2~/methanol to block endogenous peroxidase activity essentially as described \[[@B10], [@B11]\]. The specimens received heat-induced epitope retrieval in 1 mM EDTA at a pH of 8.0 for 20 minutes. Nonspecific protein-binding sites were blocked in 5% normal goat serum in phosphate-buffered saline solution (PBS)/0.05% Tween-20 for 1 h, and the sections were immunostained by sequential incubations (1-2 h at room temperature each) in affinity-purified CALML3 antibody TG7 (40 *μ*g/mL in PBS/0.05% Tween-20/1% normal goat serum), biotinylated goat anti-rabbit IgG (1 : 200 in PBS/0.05% Tween-20/1% normal goat serum, DAKO, Carpinteria, CA), and horseradish peroxidase-conjugated streptavidin (1 : 300, DAKO, Carpinteria) essentially as described \[[@B7]\]. Slides were rinsed 3 × 5 min in PBS/0.05% Tween-20 between incubations. The sections were then incubated in 3-amino-9-ethylcarbazole in the presence of H~2~O~2~ and counterstained with hematoxylin and mounted with coverslips.
Two observers (a staff surgical pathologist (Thomas J. Sebo) and a maxillofacial prosthodontist (Michael D. Brooks)) evaluated the specimens for expression of CALML3. Staining patterns and intensity were observed and recorded for all categories of samples (benign, dysplasia/carcinoma in-situ, and invasive squamous cell carcinoma). All slides were evaluated at the same magnification. For each specimen, 3--5 separate fields of view were analyzed in 2 mucosal cell layers: superficial cells and basal cells. Analysis of staining in cellular compartments was further subdivided into cytoplasmic membrane (CM), cytoplasm (C), and nucleus (N). Staining was graded on a 4-point scale: 0: absent (no staining above background of a negative control incubated with anti-CALML3 IgG preabsorbed with CALML3 \[[@B6]\]), 1: weak (barely above background and no strong staining in specific cellular regions), 2: intermediate (moderate staining with varying degree of subcellular staining), 3: strong (intense staining with distinct cellular localization). The cytoplasmic membrane, cytoplasm, and nuclei for each mucosal cell region were individually assigned a grade.
Assigning a grade to each specimen type followed a few basic and logical rules. First, the squamous cells were initially evaluated using two low magnification lenses (2.5x and 5.0x for a total magnification strength of 25x and 50x) to obtain a general sense of staining intensity of all the squamous cells on the slide. Second, for cytoplasmic membrane staining, cells either exhibited circumferential membrane staining or no membrane staining. Third, membrane staining, apart from cytoplasmic staining, was typically most readily apparent in the intermediate layer of the squamous mucosal cells. As the cells reach the actual superficial layer of, for example, benign mucosa and become flattened, the ability to distinguish cytoplasmic staining from cytoplasmic membrane staining was limited.
Invariably, tissue samples in which no CALML3 staining in the squamous cells was detected could very quickly be assigned a grade of 0 (no staining). In the situation of superficial squamous cell staining, this occurred in 25%--50% of the case material. Conversely, strong (3+) CALML3 immunostaining could be readily ascertained using the same approach in 5%--30% of the case material. In evaluating basally positioned squamous cells, no staining could be detected very quickly in 50% to almost 100% of the case material, whereas strong (3+) staining was very rare (about 2%).
The challenge in this study, and all studies in which immunostain intensity is visually graded, came in grading squamous cells as displaying either weak (1+) or intermediate (2+) CALML3 expression. In these instances, an overall assessment of staining intensity at low magnification showed that the degree of staining could not clearly be categorized as 0 or 3+, and a close analysis of all squamous cells in the tissue sample was performed using all magnification lenses (2.5x, 5x, 10x, 20x, and 40x for overall magnification of 25x, 50x, 100x, 200x, and 400x) to arrive at a grade reflecting the staining intensity for all squamous cells. Thus, a grade of 1+ (weak) indicates that the overall expression of the squamous cells was weak, showing only barely visible staining above 0. For an intermediate grade (2+), the degree of CALML3 staining was felt to be unquestionably present but not as visually strong as a grade of 3+.
On occasion, rare cells within any given tissue specimen graded as 1+ or 2+ showed strong (3+) or no (0) expression. However, no effort was made to further stratify case material on the basis of the percentage of cells showing a range of CALML3 expressions. As such, our grading system reflects an overall score of CALML3 staining intensity. In those instances in which the two reviewers (Thomas J. Sebo and Michael D. Brooks) recorded different grades for a given case, rereview of the case material was undertaken to arrive at a consensus grade. This occurred in roughly 10% of the case material.
2.3. Statistical Methods {#sec2.3}
------------------------
For analysis purposes, grades 0 and 1 were collapsed and reported together as no/weak staining and grades 2 and 3 were collapsed and reported together as intermediate/strong stain. This is because visually weak staining most closely approximates no (0) staining and intermediate (2+) staining most closely approximates strong (3+) staining. Total stain scores were derived by summing the stain grades for the three cellular compartments. The Cochran-Armitage test for trend was used to evaluate whether the proportion of specimens with intermediate/strong expression significantly changed with increasing disease severity. In addition, the chi-square test (or the Fisher\'s exact test, as appropriate) was used to compare the proportion of specimens with intermediate/strong expression between the benign, dysplasia/CIS, and invasive tissue groups. The Kruskal-Wallis test was used to compare the total stain scores between the three groups. If the *P* value for the overall test of group differences was \<0.05, then pair-wise comparisons among the three groups were performed. The analyses assumed that multiple specimens from the same patient were independent. All calculated *P* values were two-sided and *P* values less than 0.05 were considered statistically significant. A Bonferroni correction could be applied by assessing the pair-wise comparisons between the three tissue types using an alpha level of 0.0167 to account for the three comparisons. Statistical analysis was performed using the SAS software package (SAS Institute, Cary, NC).
3. Results {#sec3}
==========
As we expected from previous studies \[[@B6], [@B8]\], benign mucosa displayed robust immunostaining (Figures [1(a)](#fig1){ref-type="fig"} and [1(b)](#fig1){ref-type="fig"}). Distinct staining was noted in the periphery (cytoplasmic membrane) and nuclei of the more superficially located epithelial cells ([Figure 1(b)](#fig1){ref-type="fig"}). On the other hand, in samples with dysplasia (Figures [1(c)](#fig1){ref-type="fig"} and [1(d)](#fig1){ref-type="fig"}) and carcinoma in-situ (not shown), a marked decrease was seen in strength of stain. A strong reduction (or complete lack) of CALML3 immunostaining was seen in invasive squamous cell carcinoma compared to both benign tissue and dysplasia/CIS tissue (Figures [2](#fig2){ref-type="fig"} and [3](#fig3){ref-type="fig"}), although in low-grade invasive squamous cell carcinoma, keratin pearls did illustrate mild immunoreactivity. The basal cell layers in general did not stain as intensely as the more superficial cell layers, and no statistical difference was seen with basal nuclear and cytoplasmic staining among the groups.
[Table 1](#tab1){ref-type="table"} summarizes the CALML3 expression results at the superficial and basal mucosa levels, separately for the tissue types. Because similar results were found for the dysplastic and CIS specimens, these two tissue types were combined for the analysis. In addition, we found that aside from the superficial cytoplasmic membranes and nuclei of the benign specimens, only a small percentage of the other tissue regions exhibited strong expression. Therefore to evaluate whether there was a trend in the expression level with tissue disease severity, the specimens with weak or no staining were combined, as were those with intermediate or strong staining (see [Table 1](#tab1){ref-type="table"}). However, the detailed summary of all staining results broken down by individual tissue type is available upon request.
Based on the Cochran-Armitage test for trend, the CALML3 expression level significantly decreased with increasing disease severity for the following sites: superficial cytoplasmic membrane (*P* \< 0.001), superficial nucleus (*P* \< 0.001), and basal cytoplasmic membrane (*P* = 0.009). On the other hand, a statistically significant trend was not observed for superficial cytoplasm (*P* = 0.19) and basal cytoplasm (*P* = 0.19), in which several dysplastic/CIS specimens had stronger expression than the benign tissue. None of the basal nucleus sites had a stronger than "weak" staining score for any of the tissue types.
The chi-square test (or the Fisher\'s exact test, where appropriate) was used to compare the proportion of specimens with an intermediate or strong stain between the benign, dysplasia/CIS, and invasive tissue groups ([Table 1](#tab1){ref-type="table"}). Benign tissue specimens had significantly more CALML3 expression in the superficial mucosa compared to invasive specimens (*P* \< 0.001) and dysplasia/CIS specimens (*P* = 0.013), as revealed by a comparison of the total stain scores ([Table 1](#tab1){ref-type="table"} and [Figure 4](#fig4){ref-type="fig"}). This difference in CALML3 staining was most pronounced for the cytoplasmic membrane and the nucleus. Dysplasia/CIS tissue also had significantly (*P* = 0.003) more expression than invasive tissue in the superficial mucosa ([Table 1](#tab1){ref-type="table"} and [Figure 4](#fig4){ref-type="fig"}), and this difference was most clearly demonstrated in the cytoplasm (50% versus 7.1%, *P* \< 0.001) and in the nuclei (38.9% versus 2.4%, *P* \< 0.001). All of the previously outlined comparisons of expression in the superficial layer between the three tissue groups retained statistical significance if a Bonferroni correction was applied and significance is assessed using an alpha level of 0.0167 instead of 0.05.
Expression was not strong in any of the sites in the basal layer ([Table 1](#tab1){ref-type="table"}), though there was evidence suggesting a slight increase in expression in the cytoplasmic membrane of benign squamous cells compared to invasive carcinoma (13.3% versus 0%, *P* = 0.027). In analyzing the 42 specimens of squamous cell carcinoma separately by grade, no obvious trends were apparent.
4. Discussion {#sec4}
=============
Previously, loss of CALML3 immunoreactivity has been linked to early breast cancer development \[[@B7]\]. Here, we show that while CALML3 is strongly expressed in the superficial layers of benign oral mucosa, different oral mucosa tissue types representing the various stages of carcinogenesis exhibit a reduction of CALML3 expression as squamous cells progress from benign, to dysplastic, to carcinoma in situ, to invasive squamous cell carcinoma.
In general, a trend is seen that as disease severity increases, CALML3 expression decreases. The more differentiated the cells, the more intense the staining. Many of the benign specimens showed an increase in staining intensity the further the cells moved away from the basal cell layer. The cells in the basal layer are less mature. As the cells mature, they differentiate and migrate to the upper layers as underlying cells develop. The more intense CALML3 staining towards the outer layers of mucosa is consistent with previous reports that noted markedly increased staining in more differentiated layers of stratified epithelia \[[@B6]\]. Therefore, CALML3 may play a role in terminal differentiation of oral keratinocytes, as has been proposed for the basal and suprabasal keratinocytes of the epidermis during wound healing \[[@B12]\]. CALML3 is a calcium-sensor protein related to calmodulin and as such is thought to exert its function by regulating specific target proteins. Among these, the unconventional myosin-X \[[@B13]\] is known to be involved in directional cell migration and cell adhesion, both are important events during terminal keratinocyte differentiation. The staining for CALML3 in the cytoplasmic membrane of superficial cells in benign oral mucosa may thus reflect its function in regulating MyoX concentrated at the cell periphery \[[@B14]\]. Like calmodulin, CALML3 has multiple targets, one of which (IQ motif containing protein E or IQCE) was recently identified in a yeast two-hybrid screen and may be a protein involved in DNA metabolism (Richard D. Bennett and Emanuel E. Strehler, unpublished). Such a putative nuclear CALML3 target protein(s) could help explain the nuclear staining for CALML3 that we observed in the superficial cells of the normal oral mucosa. However, additional studies are needed to determine the role of CALML3 in the nucleus and its relevance to normal epithelial differentiation.
Only few diagnostic tests are currently available for oral cancer. Techniques being implemented for diagnostic tests include transepithelial brush biopsy/exfoliative cytology, fine needle aspiration, and toluidine blue \[[@B15]--[@B23]\]. These techniques all rely on cytological markers to indicate the presence of malignant or premalignant cells. Although these tests are preferred over conventional biopsy confirmation because they are less invasive and more tolerable for the patient, their reliability and efficacy have not been validated \[[@B24]--[@B26]\]. Because the specific expression and cellular localization of CALML3 indicate normal cell function, the potential for development of a simple diagnostic test for oral cancer using CALML3 as a marker is promising. Currently diagnostic screening tools are being utilized to visualize autofluorescence in normal oral tissue with loss of autofluorescence indicative of tissue change or abnormality. Noninvasive screening could be implemented by the use of exfoliative brushing cytology, minibiopsy, or a "swish-and-spit" procedure. This would allow a clinician who observes a suspicious area in the mouth to routinely test for CALML3 levels. A change in CALML3 expression could indicate the presence or the early developing stage of oral cancer.
Michael D. Brooks and Richard D. Bennett conceived and carried out experiments. Michael D. Brooks, Richard D. Bennett, Thomas J. Sebo, and Emanuel E. Strehler conceived experiments and analysed data. Amy L. Weaver provided statistical analysis. Steven E. Eckert and Alan B. Carr provided consultation for experiments. All authors were involved in writing the paper and had final approval of the submitted and published version.
This research was conducted under IRB-approved protocol 754-04 with financial support from the Mayo Graduate School and the Mayo Clinic, Rochester, USA.
{#fig1}
{#fig2}
{#fig3}
{#fig4}
######
Summary of staining results, by tissue type.
Cellular compartment Tissue type *P* value^‡^
----------------------------------- ------------- -------------- ------------ --------- --------- --------- ---------
Superficial: cytoplasmic membrane \<0.001 \<0.001 \<0.001 0.99
No/weak stain 5 (16.7%) 14 (77.8%) 32 (76.2%)
Intermediate/strong stain 25 (83.3%) 4 (22.2%) 10 (23.8%)
Superficial: cytoplasm \<0.001 0.014 0.26 \<0.001
No/weak stain 25 (83.3%) 9 (50%) 39 (92.9%)
Intermediate/strong stain 5 (16.7%) 9 (50%) 3 (7.1%)
Superficial: nucleus \<0.001 0.23 \<0.001 \<0.001
No/weak stain 13 (43.3%) 11 (61.1%) 41 (97.6%)
Intermediate/strong stain 17 (56.7%) 7 (38.9%) 1 (2.4%)
Superficial: total stain score^†^
Median (IQR) 5 (5, 6) 4 (2, 5) 2 (1, 3) \<0.001 0.013 \<0.001 0.003
Basal: cytoplasmic membrane 0.022 0.28 0.027 ---
No/weak stain 26 (86.7%) 18 (100%) 42 (100%)
Intermediate/strong stain 4 (13.3%) 0 (0%) 0 (0%)
Basal: cytoplasm 0.13 --- --- ---
No/weak stain 27 (90%) 15 (83.3%) 41 (97.6%)
Intermediate/strong stain 3 (10%) 3 (16.7%) 1 (2.4%)
Basal: nucleus 0.99 --- --- ---
No/weak stain 30 (100%) 18 (100%) 42 (100%)
Intermediate/strong stain 0 0 0
Basal: total stain score^†^
Median (IQR) 1 (0, 2) 1 (0, 2) 0 (0, 1) \<0.001 0.55 \<0.001 0.010
IQR: interquartile range. Values are reported as *N* (%) unless otherwise noted.
^†^Total stain score was derived as the sum of the staining grades for the three components: cytoplasmic membrane, cytoplasm, and nucleus components. Each component was graded on a scale of 0 = absent, 1 = weak, 2 = intermediate, and 3 = strong.
^‡^Comparisons between the three tissues types were evaluated based on the chi-square test or Fisher\'s exact test for the categorical variables and the Kruskal-Wallis test for the total stain scores. If the *P* value for the overall test for differences was \<0.05, then pair-wise comparisons among the three tissue types were performed.
[^1]: Academic Editor: Camile S. Farah
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Q:
How To write special characters in settings.xml file
Hi I am setting up my maven. In setting.xml file i need to setup my username and password. In password i have two special characters &* how can i write special characters in xml file.
Thanks and Regards,
Priyanka
A:
I think the solution would be two fold-
You would need to have a trigger on that table where the changes are made. There are APIs from the databases to help you listen to these events in your code. For example, H2 database provides a Java APIs.
For seeing that change in the UI, without the user refreshing the page, you would need server push, WebSockets and CometD are the examples.
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Early partial division of a hughes tarso-conjunctival flap with secondary intention healing of the anterior.
A 61-year-old man had a highly myopic amblyopic right eye since birth but retained good unaided vision of 6/5 in his left eye. He presented with an enlarging lesion of his left lower lid. The clinical appearance was consistent with a large basal cell carcinoma. Excision biopsy resulted in a defect measuring 18mm horizontally and 8mm vertically. The left eye was padded for 2 days and urgent paraffin section histology confirmed complete excision of a basal cell carcinoma. The lower lid defect was repaired with a Hughes tarsoconjunctival flap and the eye was padded for a further 5 days to aid the healing process. At this time, the flap was partially divided at the medial end to allow earlier visual rehabilitation, whilst the undivided lateral part of the flap continued to provide lift. The anterior lamella was left to heal by secondary intention and division of the remaining lateral portion of the flap was finally completely divided 4 weeks later by which time the anterior lamella was well healed. Both functional and cosmetic results were very satisfactory. | {
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This handout photo received on October 16, 2013 courtesy of Catalina Island Marine Institute shows a crew of sailing school vessel Tole Mour and Catalina Island Marine Institute instructors as they hold an 18-foot-long oarfish that was found in the waters of Toyon Bay on Santa Catalina Island, California. Jeff Chace, program director at Catalina Island Marine Institute, said it took about 15 people to lug the serpent-like "leviathan" onto shore after a snorkeler spotted the carcass in about 20 feet of water.
A Free Syrian Army fighter fires an anti-tank missile towards what the FSA said were locations controlled by forces loyal to Syria's President Bashar al-Assad in the eastern Hama countryside October 17, 2013.
Austrian ski jumper Gregor Schlierenzauer makes a test jump into a 105 km/h (65 mph) headwind in the Railtec climatic wind tunnel in Vienna October 17, 2013. The Austria Wintersports Association (OeSV) is using the world's largest climatic wind tunnel to analyse and optimize the drop techniques of it's ski jumpers under 'static' conditions ahead of the coming winter season.
Faculty of medicine first year students run while seniors spray them with different types of sauces, liquids, flour and eggs as part of an annual tradition during a celebration in honour of their patron Saint Lucas at Granada University in Granada, southern Spain October 17, 2013.
A dog chases a mock intruder during a function to celebrate the 29th Raising Day of the Indian National Security Guard (NSG) in Manesar, about 60 km (38 miles) south of New Delhi, October 16, 2013. The NSG is a federal contingency force established in 1984 and a quick reaction elite force for neutralizing militants, hijackers and kidnappers in situations which are beyond the capability of local forces to handle.
A woman looks at herself reflected in Jeppe Hein's "Right Diagonal Cut" at the 303 Gallery, from New York's stand at the Frieze Art Fair in central London, October 16, 2013.
A man walks with a chair on his shoulders in downtown Rome October 17, 2013.
Residents look at a collapsed Holy Trinity parish church at Loay, Bohol after an earthquake struck central Philippines October 17, 2013. The Philippines started to clear roads blocked by debris on Thursday as it reckoned up the cost of this week's powerful earthquake, with the death toll rising to at least 158. Tens of thousands of residents of Bohol island, which took the brunt of Tuesday's 7.2 magnitude quake, remained living outdoors, for fear of aftershocks bringing down damaged homes.
An engineer makes an adjustment to the robot "The Incredible Bionic Man" at the Smithsonian National Air and Space Museum in Washington October 17, 2013. The robot is the world's first-ever functioning bionic man made of prosthetic parts and artificial organ implants.
Schoolgirls wait for the arrival of Chinese Premier Li Keqiang at the Presidential Palace in Hanoi on October 13, 2013.
Onlookers stand at the site where the Archaeological Survey of India has sent a team of archaeologists to start digging at Daundia Khera village in Uttar Pradesh October 18, 2013. The central government is digging for treasure after a civic-minded Hindu village sage dreamt that 1,000 tons of gold was buried under a ruined palace, and wrote to tell the RBI about it. | {
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Q:
How to work with HttpTaskAsyncHandler
public class FooHandler : HttpTaskAsyncHandler
{
public override async Task ProcessRequestAsync(HttpContext context)
{
return await new AdRequest().ProcessRequest();
// getting error here. "Return type of async type is void"
}
}
public class FooRequest
{
public async Task<String> ProcessRequest()
{
//return await "foo"; obviously nothing to wait here
}
}
I want to make a async handler and just want to return a string. How can i get this working? and is there a concise reference to work with Async methods and Tasks?
A:
A few points:
You can await any Task, not just ones returned from async methods.
async methods wrap their returned value into a Task<TResult>; if there is no return value, they wrap the return itself into a Task.
There are several convenience methods available, e.g., Task.FromResult, if you don't need the overhead of an async method.
Only make a method async if you have to use await in it. If you don't need to make the method async, don't.
You may find my async/await intro helpful.
public class FooHandler : HttpTaskAsyncHandler
{
public override Task ProcessRequestAsync(HttpContext context)
{
return new AdRequest().ProcessRequest();
}
}
public class AdRequest
{
public Task<String> ProcessRequest()
{
return Task.FromResult("foo");
}
}
| {
"pile_set_name": "StackExchange"
} |
And tonight our ongoing series "real money" how to get real cash in your pocket today. The average american will spend 750 on the holidays so many will try to bring them down by spending hours in black friday lines but we asked sharyn alfonsi to find now ways to save and found one family some real money. Reporter: The perillos have their hands full. Parker, cameron, and baby sawyer. There isn't a lot of time for holiday shopping. Are you dreading it? Anything we can do to avoid bringing all three kids to the mall. Reporter: So we brought help to them. I'm joanna. Nice to meet you. Reporter: Joanna stern is abc tech editor. She showed us how you can outsmart stores, using technology to get great deals. On the perillos' christmas list -- a flat screen tv and digital camera. We were surprised to learn prices online fluctuate from hour to hour. Watch this sony camera. The price dropped three times, from 179 to 168 to 129, $50 in just 12 hours, so when should you pull the trigger and buy? Tip number one -- arm yourself with apps. So we're off to the store. Our target, target. There we see a digital camera we were looking out and pull out our decide app. It scans the barcode, searching through thousands of pieces of information to tell us whether we should buy it now or wait and get a better price. So we will not buy a camera today. It says wait. But what bout this samsung tv on sale? It says buy, so sarah does. On the toy aisle, we spot bouncing tigger. It's at the top of the girl's list. That is going to make you crazy. Definitely will make us all crazy. Reporter: It was $39.99 at target, marked down to $28.99. Tip number two -- click to compare. Using another app called red laser, we scan the bar code and find it cheaper. Target will match competitors' online pricing this year, so we get it for $21. And laser in on other great deals. And if you're shopping online and don't like the price, tip number three -- just walk away. If you put something in your cart and you walk away from it, it's kind of like playing hard to get. They'll send you an e-mail saying, "actually, we noticed you had this in your cart. Here's a 10% discount. Reporter: To trick the computer, you may even need to put in your credit card number in, but don't use it. It's not even about just clicking on it we have to go to the last stop before placing the order. Reporter: And the discounts start coming. Dad hides the gifts we picked up and we count up the savings. 390. That's real money! Don't worry. We made sure the girls wouldn't be watching so we wouldn't ruin their surprises. Often an item is more expensive in the store than on that same store's website. For example, one toy we is saw was $39, 21 -- excuse me, $39 in the store and $21 at target.Com. If you find that lower price, you can finally get it. If you walk away the computer will lure you back? Absolutely. It is watching you but you really have to go all the way to the very end, put your credit card number in there and then back out. Boy, that is really something. Sharyn alfonsi, thanks very much.
This transcript has been automatically generated and may not be 100% accurate. | {
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Local
Cost concerns slowed Station Fire response
AP|October 11, 2010
Concerns over firefighting costs slowed the U.S. Forest Service's initial response to last year's 250-square-mile Southern California wildfire that killed two firefighters and destroyed 89 homes, a federal panel said in a report.
The review conducted for the Agriculture Department, which runs the Forest Service, cites a letter before the Station Fire instructing managers to hold down costs and, when appropriate, use USFS resources rather than requesting crews, aircraft and equipment from contractors and state and local agencies.
"The decision on the Station fire to initially order only federal personnel delayed arrival of critical resources," according to the "Large Cost Fire Review" obtained by the Los Angeles Times.
Forest Service officials have insisted for a year that cost concerns never impeded the response. The fire broke out in Angeles National Forest on Aug. 26, 2009, and raged untamed for more than a month in mountains above Los Angeles' foothill suburbs.
The report was prepared for Tuesday's planned panel discussion in Pasadena on Station Fire strategy, which will be led by U.S. Rep. Adam Schiff, D-Glendale.
The review, performed for the USDA by an outside contractor, was mostly favorable about the Forest Service's overall performance during the fire, the Times said.
Tom Harbour, head of fire and aviation for the Forest Service, said he was unaware of specific findings in the report but suggested the conclusion about firefighting costs could be erroneous. All orders for crews, equipment and aircraft were filled during the first two days of the fire, he said.
One issue raised since the fire is whether an air attack could have begun about two hours earlier on the second day when the blaze was still small, perhaps by using state aircraft. The Times said, however, that the review did not go into detail on aircraft arrival or say whether aircraft were delayed due to cost concerns.
The Agriculture Department review also said the Forest Service decided to concentrate on protecting homes and the communications towers and observatory on Mount Wilson, rather than staging a sustained direct assault on the backcountry front spreading into Angeles National Forest.
The review found that this approach helped save more than $1 billion worth of property, the Times said.
Some former Forest Service officials, however, describe the review as a "smoking gun" that exposes flawed tactics employed early in the fire. The Forest Service should have mounted a swift and unrelenting effort to stop the blaze on all fronts, they said.
Don Feser, former fire chief for Angeles National Forest, said the inquiry indicates that the officials who led the attack "allowed the fire to run."
"No action was taken in terms of aggressive perimeter control," he said.
Troy Kurth, the agency's former fire prevention officer for California, said firefighters could have kept the blaze from exploding into the backcountry. Instead, "they let it burn one of the most valuable watersheds in the world," he said. | {
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If this is your first visit, be sure to
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Welcome to CycloneFanatic.com. I notice you haven't taken the time to register yet, now is as good of time as any:)
Hey peeps,
I'm a hardcore ISU fan and live in Auburn, Alabama of all places. Here is my dilemma, I have been offered front row tickets to the Auburn vs. Mississippi State game. This game is at the same time as the ISU-Iowa game.
Here is what I did, I said yes to the 150 dollar Auburn ticket and will just shut off my phone/internet access so I can enjoy the game immediately after the Auburn game. I realize I'm supposed to hate Gene Chizik, but a free ticket to a sold out SEC game is tough to pass up; especially when you are rooting against The Chiz.
"But you know that old thing, live fast, die young? Not my way. Live fast, sure, live too bloody fast sometimes, but die young? Die old. That's the way- not orthodox, I don't live by "the rules" you know." - David Brent
Hey peeps,
I'm a hardcore ISU fan and live in Auburn, Alabama of all places. Here is my dilemma, I have been offered front row tickets to the Auburn vs. Mississippi State game. This game is at the same time as the ISU-Iowa game.
Here is what I did, I said yes to the 150 dollar Auburn ticket and will just shut off my phone/internet access so I can enjoy the game immediately after the Auburn game. I realize I'm supposed to hate Gene Chizik, but a free ticket to a sold out SEC game is tough to pass up; especially when you are rooting against The Chiz.
Did I make the right move, should I be feeling guilty.
Go Clones!
I'd go to the game. Can't pass up an SEC game. Bring a radio and listen to the ISU game.
I'd do the same thing as you. Enjoy some SEC football in person, make sure you don't get an update on the ISU game, then go home and watch the ISU game. If you don't know the outcome, who cares if you watch it right at 11 or a few hours later?
Am I the only one thinking that they will be showing the score of the ISU vs Iowa game at the stadium? If you are wanting to keep it a surprise for when you'd watch it when you get home, you are S.O.L.
All content owned by CycloneFanatic.com - All rights reserved 2005-09. By viewing this website you agree to the Terms of Service, Site Rules and Legal Disclaimer. The words, views, images and opinions expressed or provided by users do not reflect the opinions or views of CycloneFanatic.com or Iowa State University. The names, words, symbols, and graphics representing Iowa State University are trademarks and copyrights of the University protected by the trademark and copyright laws of the United States of America and other countries and are used on this web site under license from the University. Original site design, premise & construction by Jeremy Lind. | {
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1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a rolling-contact shaft with a joint claw, particularly a steel-made rolling-contact shaft with a joint claw at an end, and having a portion of the outer cylindrical surface functioning as the raceway of a rolling element of a bearing.
2. Description of the Background Art
There are cases where a rolling-contact shaft with a joint claw is employed as a shaft component to transmit momentum. The rolling-contact shaft includes a claw formed at an end, coupled to another adjacent shaft, and has a portion of the outer cylindrical surface functioning as the raceway of a rolling element of a bearing. For example, a rolling-contact shaft employed in a brake actuator may have a portion of the outer cylindrical surface surrounded by a needle roller qualified as a rolling element arranged in contact with a portion thereof, and supported rotatably by a needle roller bearing absent of an inner ring. In other words, the rolling-contact shaft serves a function equivalent to an inner ring, and a portion of the outer cylindrical surface thereof functions as a raceway of a needle roller qualified as a rolling element.
When such a rolling-contact shaft is employed, rolling contact fatigue life is required at the portion of the outer cylindrical surface thereof. To this end, medium carbon steel for machine structural use (such as S53C of JIS: Japanese Industrial Standard) is employed for the raw material of the rolling-contact shaft, taking into consideration the configuration of the shaft, the manufacturing cost, and the like. Additionally, the region where hardness is required such as the region corresponding to the raceway is subjected to high frequency induction heat treatment (induction hardening). In the case where flaking will occur at the rolling-contact shaft earlier than at the bearing that supports the rolling-contact shaft, high carbon chromium bearing steel (such as SUJ2 of the JIS) is employed for the raw material in order to improve the rolling contact fatigue life of the rolling-contact shaft, and the rolling-contact shaft is subjected to high-frequency induction heat treatment (induction hardening), bright heat treatment, carbonitriding heat treatment (carbonitriding quenching), and the like. Further, manganese steel for machine structural use (such as SMn420 of the JIS), manganese chromium steel (such as SMnC420 of the JIS), chromium steel (such as SCr420 of the JIS), chromium molybdenum steel (such as SCM415 of the JIS), nickel chromium steel (such as SNC415 of the JIS), nickel chromium molybdenum steel (SNCM420 of the JIS) or the like may be employed, and subjected to high frequency induction heat treatment (induction hardening), carburizing heat treatment including high density carburizing (carburizing quenching), carbonitriding heat treatment (carbonitriding quenching), or the like.
In recent years, there is the demand for reduction in size, weight, and space of components such as brake actuators. In view of such demand, the approach of forming a joint claw at an end of the rolling-contact shaft employed as a component for a brake actuator and the like, directed to reducing space, has been employed (refer to Japanese Patent Laying-Open Nos. 06-247253 and 06-286577). Such a rolling-contact shaft with a joint claw allows direct connection between shafts without having to use a coupling that is the general member to establish connection between shafts, and also contributes to reducing the number of employed components to suppress the manufacturing cost as well as to reduce space.
The demand for reduction in size, weight, and space for components such as brake actuators also induces the demand for reduction in size, weight and space for bearings employed in such components. For example, in the case where the needle roller bearing is reduced in size in a rolling-contact shaft supported rotatably by the aforementioned needle roller bearing absent of an inner ring, the rolling-contact shaft serving a function equivalent to an inner ring is also reduced in size and has a smaller outer diameter. This means that, in the case where the same load is applied, the contact pressure between the needle roller and the outer cylindrical surface of the rolling-contact shaft will increase. As a result, the rolling contact fatigue life must be improved at a region of that outer cylindrical surface of the rolling-contact shaft. When the rolling-contact shaft is connected to another member through its joint claw in the case where the rolling-contact shaft is reduced in size, the torsional stress loaded on the claw is increased, necessitating an improvement in the torsional strength of the claw portion.
In order to improve the rolling contact fatigue life of the rolling-contact shaft, various measures are possible such as increasing the hardness of the raceway, increasing the alloy contents such as Cr contained in the steel raw material, applying carburizing or carbonitriding heat treatment, or the like. It is to be noted that such approaches may not necessarily improve the static fracture strength such as the torsional strength of the claw, and, in some cases, may degrade the strength instead. It was therefore difficult to achieve an improvement in both the rolling contact fatigue life at the raceway of the rolling-contact shaft and also the torsional strength of the claw region through the conventional approaches of improving the rolling contact fatigue life set forth above. | {
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Friday, June 19, 2015
Of all the terrible details about what happened in South Carolina, I can’t get over the fact that the shooter went to their bible meeting — Wednesday, when you get the true-blue Christians — prayed with them, and then murdered them. It brought me back a long time, to being a little girl when my father had concluded, and won, a case he was arguing for the congregation of Sardis Baptist Church in Birmingham, Alabama. (Some sort of real estate dispute; didn’t understand it then and therefore can’t recall it now.) One Sunday he announced that we were going to go to services, though we were not a churchgoing family.
We walked in and within minutes my little white-gloved hand was shaking every hand in that church, or so it seemed, and everyone was telling us that they loved my father, he’d done right by them, they were so happy we were there. One lady, who made pearl-beaded necklaces, gave one to me, one to my sister and one to my mother. Dad was the world’s most irreverent joker, and he admitted to me before we went that the pastor was all too aware that the man representing them wasn’t anyone’s idea of an exemplary Christian. And I can still remember a point in the sermon, where the pastor thundered, one arm flung at my father like Moses on Mount Sinai, “We have lawyers to explain the laws of man. But GOD made the lawyer, and GOD made the law!” The congregation shouted affirmation, Dad roared with laughter and I can still see the pastor grinning.
After the sermon, which was the only one I’d ever heard in my young life that wasn’t boring, the choir swung into this song, because my father had requested it. It was his favorite hymn. Mahalia Jackson takes it at about the same tempo as the choir.
All I could think Thursday morning was that there are few places on this earth more kind, more welcoming and inclusive than a black church. How lost in hatred and evil would you have to be, not to feel it.
Tuesday, June 16, 2015
From The World of Entertainment: Hollywood's Greatest Musicals, by Hugh Fordin (1975):
[In 1969] entered Kirk Kerkorian, millionaire head of Tracy Investment [later Tracinda] (controllers of several large Las Vegas hotels), who began acquiring large blocks of MGM stock with the sole intention of overthrowing the [Edgar] Bronfman [Sr] regime. He succeeded in obtaining the necessary majority by fall. That fight cost Bronfman $51 million [in 1969 dollars; about $330 million today] as against Kerkorian's 2.2 million shares.
Polk was swiftly ousted and [Kerkorian's right-hand man] James T. Aubrey Jr., once head of CBS Television production, was named Metro's new president ... Aubrey then began to dispose of all that had made MGM the greatest and most valuable studio.
First, he decided that all the costumes and props (i.e., furniture, autos, trolleys, even the show boat) that accumulated over thirty-five years should be sold. Rather than have the studio handle the sale, he made a flat deal of $1.4 million with David Weisz, a California auctioneer. That famous auction began on May 3, 1970, lasted three weeks and netted the Weisz company over $10 million.
Second, he sold the sixty-eight acres of Lot 3 to Levitt and Sons, Inc., ITT (builders of Levittown, N.Y.). All the famous streets were leveled and in their place stands a modern housing development named Raintree County. Lot 2 also went and Aubrey even tried to dispose of the main lot to an automobile assembly company, but the Culver City zoning board put a stop to that. Then he ordered the music department's library burned, with the exception of one score for every film retained; out-takes, prerecordings, music tracks and the enormous stock-footage library also went. The vast script library was about to go up in flames, but was stopped by someone who cared, and they were sent to the USC library.
Reynolds’s collection began in 1970 after the financier Kirk Kerkorian bought MGM and decided to consolidate the studio. Years before Universal turned its studio tour into a major theme park, Reynolds had the idea to build a Disney-type mecca for film fans out of MGM’s back lot...Every day for three weeks, she waded through more than 300,000 items. She ended up purchasing a large, but carefully selected, array of costumes and furniture. Over the ensuing years, she added items through smaller auctions and individual purchases. When I compliment her prescience, she sighs and says, “It’s not so much that I had vision, it’s that they had none.”
But as it happens, this poorly done 1970s TV movie more than imitated reality; it destroyed it, right onscreen, for the pleasure of the viewer. And here I mean pleasure in the Freudian sense—like the perverse pleasure one gets from breaking rules or slowing down to gawk at a gruesome car accident. Yes, for its climax, The Phantom of Hollywood literally bulldozes MGM’s Lot 2, and thus kills the classical film musical.
Kirk Kerkorian in Las Vegas, 1968
"The Commodification of Publishing and Media," a blog post by consultant Dan Black about "MGM and Disney; the former sold some of its most precious assets to fund the building of a Las Vegas hotel. The latter spent money to archive and preserve its history":
It Takes Decades To Build a Brand, Moments to Destroy It
Today, many companies talk about their valuable “content assets” and the “communities” built over the course of decades. Media and publishing companies change hands constantly, often based on the value of their content and reputation. Like the MGM sale – one result of this is that the most valuable aspects of these brands are slowly dissipated over the years. Yes, some gems are cherished forever, but many others are lost into the ether, a shadow of what they once were – a hollow brand, existing in name only.
Monday, June 01, 2015
This is the Siren's essay for the "Lost and Found" column in the June issue of Sight and Sound magazine, reprinted (with slight differences) by kind permission of the editors.
Last year’s darkly amusing Gone Girl was often described as an indictment of marriage, which is true, to the extent it warns us all not to marry sociopaths. But David Fincher’s expert thriller also reminded me of a much harsher film — one that shows a union of essentially normal people, where murder is the fated outcome of years spent with infidelities, sulks, absences, and insults, all lodging in the skin like splinters.
That movie is La Verité sur Bébé Donge, Henri Decoin’s noir from 1952, in which we know from the beginning that François Donge has been poisoned by his wife. And in between scenes of Donge helpless in a hospital bed, we get a series of flashbacks to explain why.
Wife Bébé, played by Danielle Darrieux in full flower, begins as a dreamy and naive young woman, who says she wants “to live openly, like a book, like a window, with nothing between us.” Jean Gabin is François, a rich man almost entirely preoccupied with getting richer, when he is not using and discarding a string of mistresses. Despite all that, he marries the dowry-less Bébé, whose youth and idealism at first intrigue him.
Worse mismatches than this have endured. Yet, as critic Imogen Sara Smith puts it, “at a certain point the viewer not only understands why his wife put poison in his coffee, but feels she was quite right to do so.” It becomes evident why Bébé doesn’t love their son (who’s never shown), why François’ own brother is covering up the attempted murder, and why the attending doctor looks at his patient with ill-concealed loathing. “It was him or me,” Bébé calmly tells the magistrate who’s trying to penetrate the family omérta surrounding her crime. He kisses her on the cheek, and this too is a gesture whose meaning is clear.
And like the source of the spiked coffee, the reason this richly layered movie is rarely shown and even more rarely discussed is also a non-mystery. It flopped at the box office. The fashion for noir was abating in France, and audiences didn’t care for this unsympathetic version of Gabin. Still, it got good reviews, and its excellence might ordinarily have kept it from dropping out of sight.
But Decoin belonged to the “tradition of quality,” the French filmmakers whose reputations crumbled under sustained attack from what The New Yorker’s Richard Brody loves to call “the young critics of Cahiers.” Wrote Dave Kehr in 2009, “François Truffaut’s 1954 ‘A Certain Tendency of the French Cinema’ really was the atomic bomb of movie reviewing, obliterating an entire artistic landscape in one blast.”
Having successfully argued that the prospective home-grown competition was old and out of it, the New Wave (and their few pre-approved French antecedents) ever since has dominated revival houses, home video, and film discussions. For those of us trying to seek it out, pre-1960 French cinema is not so much a wave, but a trickle.
Decoin was not named in Truffaut’s essay, but he and screenwriter Maurice Aubergé certainly committed Truffaut’s sin of “unfaithfulness to the spirit” of what they adapted. They took George Simenon’s novel and jettisoned nearly everything but the basic idea of a man who knows he’s been poisoned by his wife. Together with its vivid dialogue and complex characters, the film has great visual allure: The cinematographer was Léonce-Henri Burel, who was a DP on Abel Gance’s towering Napoleon and who went on to work with Robert Bresson.
Bébé is forced to visit her husband daily for appearances’ sake. Decoin shoots Darrieux in the sickroom door looking like the angel of death, face alight, body in shadow, wearing a perfect black suit — graceful, chic, implacable. The couple’s first official meeting, at a matchmaker’s afternoon tea, plays out in a gilt-edged mirror, as though they’re exchanging portraits like the nobility of old. Their first kiss gives way to a wedding shot from the back of the church. The camera glides up the aisle, declining to show faces, thus suggesting that good match or bad, it’s all one to the church. When François speaks to his mistresses, and indeed the first time we see him address Bébé, his dialogue is inaudible. For such moments, words don’t matter. It’s all in Gabin’s predatory look.
Still, François isn’t entirely a monster, but rather a certain type of husband: inexpressive of emotion, uninterested in conversation, with a roving eye he feels no obligation to rein in. Bébé, like many another woman, at first believes it’s only a matter of time until she unlocks her man’s emotional side. And it is, in fact, a side that exists — once he’s been poisoned. We hear it in François’ self-reproachful interior monologues, and see it in his face all the times he pleads for another chance with his wife. Bébé looks back at him, and changes the subject to their annual party. “I feel nothing anymore,” she tells her husband. In the devastating final shot, a car pulls away into the night, growing smaller until distance snuffs out the headlights.
Perhaps the long view can make other things recede. After sixty years, Truffaut’s arguments about “le cinéma de papa” are themselves looking dated. Who nowadays is outraged by anti-clericalism, by negativity or blasphemy? La Verité sur Bébé Donge is far from the only one of “papa’s” films that deserves to be retrieved from the attic.
About Me
"If you live in France, for instance, and you have written one good book, or painted one good picture, or directed one outstanding film fifty years ago and nothing else since, you are still recognized and honored accordingly. People take their hats off to you and call you 'maître.' They do not forget. In Hollywood—in Hollywood, you're as good as your last picture." | {
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Q:
Ansible - Calculate the vars in when condition and select the closest value from ansible_facts
I am writing a ansible playbook to select unused disks from ansible_devices. If the server has more than one unused disks, I want to pick the one same as input size/or closest to it, Size variable is user input.
following is my code:-
-name: Print disk result
- "{{ min_value }}.00 GB" <= item.value.size <= "{{ max_value }}.00 GB"
vars:
min_value: "{{ size - 2 }}"
max_value: "{{ size + 2 }}"
The item.value.size is like this for disks:-
"size": "50.00 GB" for disk1
"size": "5.00 GB" for disk2
I am getting this error:-
ERROR! Syntax Error while loading YAML.
expected <block end>, but found '<scalar>'
The error appears to have been in '/home/bhatiaa/disk5.yml': line 25, column 32, but may
be elsewhere in the file depending on the exact syntax problem.
The offending line appears to be:
- not item.value.links.ids
-
A:
The error comes from this line:
- "{{ min_value }}.00 GB" <= item.value.size <= "{{ max_value }}.00 GB"
There are a few problems here. Fundamentally, you're trying to perform a numeric comparison (<=) on non-numeric values (50.00 GB, and that's never going to work. But that's not the source of your error. The error crops up because you're starting the value with a quote ("), so the YAML parser expects the entire line to be quoted, like this:
- '"{{ min_value }}.00 GB" <= item.value.size <= "{{ max_value }}.00 GB"'
That gets rid of your error message, but it's still problematic in several ways. In addition to the "numeric comparison with non-numeric values" problem, in a when conditional you're already in a Jinja template context so you don't need the {{ and }} markers. You'd want to write the expression something like this:
- '"%s.00 GB" % min_value <= item.value.size <= "%s.00 GB" % max_value
But while syntactically correct, that still suffers from the first problem I identified. we really need to come up with numeric values to use. One option would be to assume that sizes are always specified in GB and just strip it off, as in:
- min_value <= int(item.value.size[:-3]) <= max_value
Another option would be to calculate the disk size using sectors and sectorsize instead, like this:
- min_value <= (item.value.sectors * item.value.sectorsize) <= max_value
This would require min_value and max_value to be specified in bytes.
Hopefully there's enough here to point you in the right direction.
| {
"pile_set_name": "StackExchange"
} |
Q:
Where was the Caretaker's farm scenes filmed for "Star Trek: Voyager"?
In Star Trek Voyager's pilot episode "Caretaker", the crew of the Voyager is transferred to a holographic simulation of a farm. I could not find any information about the filming location of the farm scenes.
Where was that scene shot?
A:
There doesn't seem to be any mention of the location anywhere, but using a little google-fu searching for film location farmhouses near LA, Paddison Farmhouse stands out as pretty darn close. The wrap-around porch, the green roof, the wooden decorations, the gazebo, the fence all look spot on. The Red barn(s) aren't spot on but are close and they may have been touched-up since 1995.
| {
"pile_set_name": "StackExchange"
} |
[The management work process: powerful tool for change in health care practice?].
This study analyzes how the management of healthcare services is articulated with the production organization in Basic Health Units by taking as a context the process of implementation of the SILOS technical care model. There is an attempt at operating with analytical instruments which enable the understanding of management work processes in their "micropolitical" aspects by correlating them to their "macropolitical" issues. It is concluded that the possibility of identifying areas of power in the management work exists, and they can produce transformation in healthcare services. | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Abstracts"
} |
Q:
Oracle SQL No Data in series
I have a query result that is almost perfect except for the fact that in the result I don't always have a complete series in my muli-series data that I am trying to eventually show in a report and chart.
NAME MONTH COST
----------------------------------------
name1 2 100
name1 3 80
name2 1 60
name3 2 30
----------------------------------------
Here is query:
select Name, month, count(*) as cost
from table1
group by name, month
order by month, name
What I have here isn't one simple set of data, but a series of data. For each month, I have a set of users and sales.
I can fix this on my application side by doing a few loops and getting the distinct values for Name and Month.
I'd like to learn how to create my Oracle query to get a result set that looks something like this
NAME MONTH COST
----------------------------------------
name1 1 0
name1 2 100
name1 3 80
name2 1 60
name2 2 0
name2 3 0
name3 1 0
name3 2 30
name3 3 0
----------------------------------------
A:
You can do this with a cross join and then a left outer jon:
select n.name, m.month, coalesce(t.cost, 0) as cost
from (select distinct name from table t) n cross join
(select distinct month from table t) m left join
table t
on t.name = n.name and t.month = m.month
order by n.name, m.month;
| {
"pile_set_name": "StackExchange"
} |
The Emperor’s New Hump
The New York Times killed a story that could have changed the election—because it could have changed the election
By Dave Lindorff
In the weeks leading up to the November 2 election, the New York Times was abuzz with excitement. Besides the election itself, the paper’s reporters were hard at work on two hot investigative projects, each of which could have a major impact on the outcome of the tight presidential race.
One week before Election Day, the Times (10/25/04) ran a hard-hitting and controversial exposé of the Al-Qaqaa ammunition dump—identified by U.N. inspectors before the war as containing 400 tons of special high-density explosives useful for aircraft bombings and as triggers for nuclear devices, but left unguarded and available to insurgents by U.S. forces after the invasion.
On Thursday, just three days after that first exposé, the paper was set to run a second, perhaps more explosive piece, exposing how George W. Bush had worn an electronic cueing device in his ear and probably cheated during the presidential debates.
One Comment to “Mitt’s “handkerchief” recalls that bulge on Bush’s back when he debated Kerry…”
October 6, 2012 at 3:56 am montag says:
Hmm, wasn’t that an odd thing to say coming from Bill Keller (“I can’t say categorically you should not publish an article damaging to a candidate in the last days before an election. . . . If you learned a day or two before the election that a candidate had lied about some essential qualification for the job—his health or criminal record—and there’s no real doubt and you’ve given the candidate a chance to respond and the response doesn’t cast doubt on the story, do you publish it? Yes. Voters certainly have a right to know that”) when at the very moment he said it, he’d been sitting for months on James Risen’s and Eric Lichtblau’s story about Bush ordering illegal wiretapping, and even odder, Keller had obviously gotten a confirmation from the White House, because he went to them in the first place, asking if it was okay to run the piece.
So, Keller had both evidence before the election of a candidate’s criminality far greater than just cheating on a debate and confirmation from the White House, because they begged him not to run the story. And it wasn’t because the story was inadequately sourced, or had some element of uncertainty about it, because the Times ran the story well after Bush was safely reelected.
Orwell Rolls In His Grave, featuring MCM – Buy the DVD
About News From Underground
News From Underground is a daily e-news service run by Mark Crispin Miller, a Professor of Culture and Communication at NYU. It is based on his belief that academics, like reporters, have a civic obligation to help keep the people well-informed, so that American democracy might finally work.
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Help News From Underground!
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"pile_set_name": "Pile-CC"
} |
Mablethorpe and Sutton
Mablethorpe and Sutton is a civil parish and town in East Lindsey, Lincolnshire, England. It is on the North Sea coast and includes Mablethorpe, Trusthorpe, Sutton-on-Sea and Sandilands along with the inland village of Thorpe. According to the 2001 census it had a population of 11,780, increasing to 12,531 at the 2011 Census.
In 1894 the Civil Parish of Mablethorpe was included in Louth Rural District but in 1896 was created as an urban district in Lincolnshire, Parts of Lindsey. In 1925 it was joined in the urban district by the parishes of Sutton in the Marsh and Trusthope, from Spilsby Rural District and Louth Rural District respectively, and therefore changed its name.
Its urban district status was abolished by the Local Government Act 1972 in 1974, with the district authority becoming East Lindsey, whilst Mablethorpe and Sutton remained a civil parish with a town council.
Freedom of the Parish
The following people and military units have received the Freedom of the Parish of Mablethorpe and Sutton.
Individuals
Jack Quin: 9 November 2019.
Military Units
See also
Alford and Sutton Tramway
References
External links
Mablethorpe and Sutton Town Council
Category:Populated places in Lincolnshire
Category:Civil parishes in Lincolnshire
Category:East Lindsey District | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
} |
The appropriate timing of flowering is tightly linked to the success of reproduction in higher plants. Intrinsic genetic programs and various environmental factors, mainly day length and temperature, determine the transition from vegetative to reproductive development. In particular, photoperiod provides a major cue for controlling flowering time, as perception of light enables plants to synchronize initiation of flowering with seasonal changes in photoperiod[@b1].
In *Arabidopsis thaliana*, several signaling components participate in the regulatory circuit promoting photoperiodic flowering, including *GIGANTEA* (*GI*), *CONSTANS* (*CO*), and *FLOWERING LOCUS T* (*FT*)[@b2][@b3][@b4]. *FT* integrates multiple flowering pathways and FT protein is an essential component of florigen, which moves from the induced leaf to the shoot apex[@b2][@b5]. CO directly regulates expression of *FT* mRNA and CO mediates between the circadian clock and the control of flowering. CO is stable in the light, but is degraded in the dark by ubiquitin-mediated proteolysis[@b4][@b6]. GI and FLAVIN-BINDING, KELCH REPEAT, F-BOX PROTEIN 1 (FKF1) form a complex and regulate the timing of *CO* expression. The diurnal expression of *GI* and *FKF1* has little overlap in SD, leading to minimal formation of the GI-FKF1 complex[@b7]. By contrast, in LD, the more extensive overlap of *GI* and *FKF1* diurnal expression leads to formation of more GI-FKF1 complex. Thus, GI acts as a flowering inducer with FKF1 in the *CO-FT* pathway mainly in LD. In a *CO*-independent flowering pathway, GI can also directly activate *FT* expression by binding to its promoter region[@b8], indicating that GI can directly or indirectly induce *FT* transcription in the photoperiod pathway.
In addition to regulation by the photoperiod pathway, genes involved in the autonomous and vernalization pathways also control *FT* expression. *FLOWERING LOCUS C* (*FLC*) has a central place in those two pathways and directly regulates *FT* and *SOC1* expression by binding to their promoters[@b9][@b10][@b11]. Chromatin remodeling also affects *FLC* expression. For example, MULTICOPY SUPPRESSOR OF IRA1 4 (MSI4)/FVE, in the autonomous pathway, negatively regulates *FLC* expression via histone deacetylation of the *FLC* locus[@b12]. Furthermore, MSI4/FVE interacts with DDB1 and HDA6, and mediates transcriptional silencing by histone modification of H3K4me3[@b13] and H3K27me3[@b14]. This indicates that MSI4/FVE plays a significant role in *FLC* expression by making a complex with various chromatin remodeling factors.
*DET1*, a repressor of photomorphogenesis, was first identified as a member of the *CONSTITUTIVE PHOTOMORPHOGENIC/DE-ETIOLATED/FUSCA* (*COP/DET/FUS*) gene family[@b15]. DET1 forms a complex with COP10 and DAMAGED DNA BINDING PROTEIN 1 (DDB1) to promote the activity of ubiquitin-conjugating enzymes (E2) for repression of photomorphogenesis in the ubiquitination pathway[@b16][@b17]. DET1 also acts as a pacemaker to adjust the period length of the circadian rhythm[@b18], possibly through interaction with LHY and CCA1[@b19]. DET1 acts as a flowering repressor; *det1-1* mutants flower slightly early in LD and extremely early in SD[@b20]. Despite recent advances in the understanding of DET1 function, the molecular mechanism causing early flowering in *det1-1* mutants remains unknown.
Here we demonstrate that *DET1* delays flowering time in SD, mainly by reducing the affinity of GI binding to the *FT* promoter in the photoperiod pathway. *DET1* also contributes to upregulating *FLC* expression in the autonomous pathway, possibly by weakening the activity of MSI4/FVE in histone modification of the *FLC* locus. These effects, in turn, lead to reduced expression of *FT* and *SOC1*. These findings provide new insights into how DET1 dynamically suppresses flowering in SD and thus plays an important role in maintaining photoperiod sensitivity in *Arabidopsis*.
Results
=======
The *det1* mutation alters the expression of flowering-time genes
-----------------------------------------------------------------
The *det1* null mutants are lethal; to study the molecular mechanism by which *DET1* functions in floral repression, we therefore used a weak allele, *det1-1*, and counted the rosette leaf number at bolting to measure flowering time ([Fig. 1a, b](#f1){ref-type="fig"}). We found that *det1-1* mutants flower early under LD and extremely early under SD, which shows that flowering in *det1-1* mutants is photoperiod-insensitive. These results indicate that DET1 acts as a strong floral repressor in SD and has a key role in maintaining the photoperiod sensitivity of the regulation of flowering time in *Arabidopsis*.
The *det1-1* mutation causes period-shortening of clock-regulated gene expression; the internal circadian periods of *CAB2*:*LUC* (encoding a luciferase) expression in *det1-1* mutants were approximately 18 h in continuous darkness and 21 h in continuous light conditions[@b18]. To investigate whether the circadian defect in *det1-1* mutants causes extremely early flowering under SD ([Fig. 1](#f1){ref-type="fig"} and [Table S1](#s1){ref-type="supplementary-material"}), we analyzed the expression modes of floral inducers by measuring the phases and amplitudes of *GI*, *FKF1*, *CO*, *FT*, and *SOC1* mRNA abundance, in WT and *det1-1* mutants grown in SD ([Fig. 2](#f2){ref-type="fig"}). In WT, *GI* expression peaked at ZT6 (zeitgeber time; 6 h after dawn) during daytime, but the peaks of *FKF1* and *CO* expression occurred at ZT9 and ZT12 during nighttime, respectively, resulting in no *FT* expression[@b21]. In *det1-1* mutants, *GI*, *FKF1*, *CO*, *FT*, and *SOC1* also showed rhythmic expression ([Fig. 2a--e](#f2){ref-type="fig"}) and *GI* expression did not significantly differ compared with WT ([Fig. 2a](#f2){ref-type="fig"}). However, the peaks of *FKF1* and *CO* expression shifted 3 h and 6 h earlier than those in WT, respectively ([Fig. 2b, c](#f2){ref-type="fig"}). Accordingly, the peaks of *GI*, *FKF1*, and *CO* expression occurred at ZT6 during daytime in *det1-1* mutants under SD. Thus, it appears that the daytime expression of *CO* and light-stabilized CO ([Fig. 2c](#f2){ref-type="fig"}) can activate *FT* expression in *det1-1* mutants under SD ([Fig. 2d](#f2){ref-type="fig"}). The waveform and peak time of *SOC1* expression did not change in *det1-1* mutants, but *SOC1* mRNA abundance increased ([Fig. 2e](#f2){ref-type="fig"}), possibly due to daytime expression of *CO* and/or increased expression of *FT* ([Fig. 2c, d](#f2){ref-type="fig"})[@b9][@b22][@b23]. Thus, we first speculated that circadian dysfunction might cause the early flowering in *det1-1* mutants, as previously reported[@b19].
To test whether circadian-period shortening causes the extremely early flowering of *det1-1* mutants in SD ([Fig. 1](#f1){ref-type="fig"} and [Table S1](#s1){ref-type="supplementary-material"}), we examined whether the flowering-time defect can be recovered when *det1-1* mutants were entrained in SD (light:dark = 1:2) under reduced diurnal cycles, i.e. environmental time periods (T) of 24 T (8-h light:16-h dark), 21 T (7-h light:14-h dark), and 18 T (6-h light:12-h dark). Although reduced diurnal cycles of 21 T and 18 T slightly delayed flowering compared to normal cycles of 24 T, the *det1-1* mutants still flowered much earlier than WT under SD of 24 T ([Fig. 3](#f3){ref-type="fig"}). To investigate the cause of early flowering in *det1-1* mutants under reduced T cycles, we analyzed the phases and amplitudes of *GI*, *FKF1*, *CO*, *FT*, and *SOC1* mRNA abundance in *det1-1* mutants grown under SD of 18 T (Fig. S1). Unlike the SD of 24 T, the waveforms and peaks of *GI*, *FKF1*, and *CO* expression in *det1-1* mutants were very similar to those of WT. However, *FT* and *SOC1* expression was still upregulated in *det1-1* mutants, suggesting that the internal period-shortening defect in *det1-1* mutants cannot fully explain the extremely early flowering under SD of 24 T. The *FKF1* and *CO* peak shifts likely produce a small effect on early flowering in *det1-1* mutants, because *fkf1-t* and *co-101* mutations delayed flowering in *det1-1* mutants under SD whereas they were almost ineffective in WT[@b21] ([Fig. 1b](#f1){ref-type="fig"} and [Table S1](#s1){ref-type="supplementary-material"}). Thus, these results strongly suggest that other defects in mechanisms of floral repression lead to photoperiod-insensitive early flowering in *det1-1* mutants, rather than the circadian dysfunction in the *FKF1*-*CO*-*FT* pathway.
*DET1* mainly functions in the photoperiod and autonomous pathways
------------------------------------------------------------------
To test which genetic pathways of floral induction are responsible for the early flowering phenotype of *det1-1* mutants, we examined the flowering-time phenotypes of double mutants of *det1-1* and mutations with late-flowering phenotypes, specifically *cry2-1*, *fkf1-t*, *gi-1*, *co-101*, *ft-1*, and *soc1-2* ([Fig. 1b](#f1){ref-type="fig"} and [Table S1](#s1){ref-type="supplementary-material"}). The *cry2-1* *det1-1* double mutants flowered much earlier than the *cry2-1* single mutants in both LD and SD, suggesting that *DET1* acts downstream of *CRY2*. The *fkf1-t det1-1* and *co-101 det1-1* double mutants exhibited intermediate flowering times compared with *fkf1-t*, *co-101*, and *det1-1* single mutants in both LD and SD, suggesting that although daytime expression of *FKF1* and *CO* contributes to early flowering in SD, *det1-1* mutants can flower early in the absence of FKF1 and CO activity in both photoperiod conditions. In *gi-1* *det1-1* and *ft-1 det1-1* mutants, the early-flowering effect of *det1-1* was almost abolished by *gi-1* or *ft-1* in both LD and SD ([Fig. 1b](#f1){ref-type="fig"} and [Table S1](#s1){ref-type="supplementary-material"}), indicating that *GI* and *FT* play major roles in the *DET1*-mediated flowering pathway.
As both the photoperiod and autonomous pathways regulate *SOC1* expression[@b10], we further tested whether *DET1* also participates in the autonomous pathway. We found that *soc1-2* *det1-1* double mutants showed intermediate flowering times in both LD and SD. Also, in *ft-1 soc1-2* *det1-1* triple mutants, the early flowering effect of *det1-1* completely disappeared ([Fig. 1b, c](#f1){ref-type="fig"}, and [Table S1](#s1){ref-type="supplementary-material"}). These results indicate that the regulation of flowering time by *DET1* does not entirely depend on the *FT*-mediated photoperiod pathway, but also depends on the *SOC1*-mediated autonomous pathway. Thus, we further examined the expression of *FLC*, a major gene in the autonomous pathway, in *det1-1* mutants. We found that the *det1-1* mutants under SD had very low levels of *FLC* mRNA ([Fig. 2f](#f2){ref-type="fig"}), suggesting that DET1 induces *FLC* expression to repress *FT* and *SOC1*. Taking these results together, we concluded that DET1 mainly acts in the photoperiod and autonomous pathways as a strong floral repressor.
DET1 interacts with GI *in vivo*
--------------------------------
GI functions in the photoperiod pathway and *det1-1* mutants did not show significant alterations in *GI* mRNA levels ([Fig. 2a](#f2){ref-type="fig"}), but the *gi-1* mutation nearly abolished the early flowering effect of *det1-1* in *gi-1 det1-1* double mutants ([Table S1](#s1){ref-type="supplementary-material"}). Based on these observations, we postulated that DET1 mainly regulates GI at the post-translational level. Thus, we used transgenic plants expressing a tagged GI protein (*pGI:GI-HA gi-2* and *pGI:GI-HA gi-2 det1-1*) to examine whether DET1 negatively regulates GI stability. We found that *det1-1* mutants showed no significant alteration in the rhythmic accumulation of GI protein in SD ([Fig. 4a](#f4){ref-type="fig"}). This indicates that the *det1-1* mutation does not affect GI protein stability.
DET1 interacts with LHY and CCA1, which regulate the circadian rhythms of expression of clock-regulated genes[@b19]. This raises the possibility that DET1 could negatively regulate GI activity by protein-protein interaction. To examine this, we performed yeast 2-hybrid assays and found that DET1 interacts with the N-terminal region of GI (amino acids \[aa\] 1-507) ([Fig. 4b](#f4){ref-type="fig"}). To test the *in vivo* interaction of DET1 and GI, we performed bimolecular fluorescence complementation (BiFC) assays. In the onion epidermal cells, we detected reconstituted YFP fluorescence in the nucleus when nYFP-DET1 and GI-cYFP plasmids were co-transformed ([Fig. 4c](#f4){ref-type="fig"}). To further confirm their interaction, we tested whether GI and DET1 co-immunoprecipitate from transgenic plants expressing tagged proteins. To that end, we sampled the *p35S:TAP-DET1 pGI:GI-HA gi-2* and *p35S:TAP-GFP pGI:GI-HA gi-2* (a negative control) transgenic plants at ZT8 in SD, and used antibodies for the TAP tag to immunoprecipitate DET1. We found that HA-GI co-immunoprecipitated with TAP-DET1, but not with TAP-GFP ([Fig. 4d](#f4){ref-type="fig"}). These results indicate that DET1 interacts directly with GI in the nucleus.
DET1 negatively regulates GI binding to the *FT* promoter
---------------------------------------------------------
The *det1-1* mutation does not alter *GI* mRNA expression ([Fig. 2a](#f2){ref-type="fig"}) or GI protein levels ([Fig. 4a](#f4){ref-type="fig"}) but *gi-1* shows nearly complete epistasis to *det1-1* in flowering time ([Fig. 1b](#f1){ref-type="fig"} and [Table S1](#s1){ref-type="supplementary-material"}). Based on this observation, we hypothesized that in the photoperiod pathway, DET1 negatively regulates the activity of GI, which directly upregulates *FT* expression through a *CO*-independent pathway[@b8]. To test whether *det1-1* mutation affects the *GI-FT* module, we performed chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assays, using *pGI:GI-HA* *gi-2* and *pGI:GI-HA* *gi-2* *det1-1* seedlings entrained in SD, to test whether *det1-1* affects the ability of GI to bind to the *FT* promoter. We collected tissues from 10-day-old seedlings at ZT8 and detected relative enrichment of the promoter regions by PCR with primers for six regions of the *FT* promoter, as described previously[@b8]. When we compared GI binding affinity to the *FT* promoter regions, the amplicons close to the 5′ untranslated region (UTR) were significantly more enriched in ChIP from *det1-1* mutants ([Fig. 5b](#f5){ref-type="fig"}). This result strongly supports the notion that DET1 plays an important role in the suppression of *FT* transcription by preventing GI binding to the *FT* promoter, and thus contributing to late flowering in SD conditions.
DET1 positively regulates *FLC* expression to delay flowering time in SD
------------------------------------------------------------------------
In the autonomous pathway, *FLC* functions as a key floral repressor and downregulates the transcription of *FT* and *SOC1*[@b24][@b25][@b26]. As the transcript levels of *FT* and *SOC1* were upregulated in *det1-1* mutants under SD ([Fig. 2d, e](#f2){ref-type="fig"}), and *FLC* expression was almost absent in *det1-1* mutants entrained in SD ([Fig. 2f](#f2){ref-type="fig"}), we reasoned that DET1 also functions to delay flowering in the autonomous pathway by upregulating expression of *FLC*. A previous report showed that the COP10-DET1-DDB1 complex interacts with CUL4[@b27] and the DDB1-CUL4 complex interacts with MSI4/FVE to induce *FLC* transcription[@b14]. Thus, we asked if DET1 interacts with MSI4 to form a DET1-MSI4 complex to regulate *FLC* mRNA levels. To test this, we examined the *in vivo* interaction of MSI4-DET1 by BiFC assays ([Fig. 6a](#f6){ref-type="fig"}). We detected strong YFP fluorescence in the nuclei of cells co-transformed with plasmids expressing DET1-nYFP and cYFP-MSI4, indicating that DET1 interacts with MSI4, which directly binds to the *FLC* promoter to repress *FLC* transcription.
Since MSI4 binds to the *FLC* promoter and alters histone modification, specifically H3K27me3 and H3K4me3, at the *FLC* locus[@b13][@b14], we further examined the histone methylation levels of the *FLC* locus, using anti-H3K27me3 and anti-H3K4me3 antibodies in WT and *det1-1* mutants. The ChIP analysis revealed that *det1-1* mutants maintained higher levels of H3K27me3 and lower levels of H3K4me3 at the *FLC* locus than did WT ([Fig. 6b](#f6){ref-type="fig"}), consistent with the histone modification states observed in the early-flowering *hos1-3* mutants[@b28]. Taking these results together, we suggest that the DET1-MSI4/FVE complex likely contributes to late flowering in SD by altering histone modification of the *FLC* locus in the autonomous pathway.
Discussion
==========
DET1 is involved in repression of photomorphogenesis in the ubiquitination pathway[@b16][@b17][@b29], light-response regulatory pathway[@b20], and circadian period[@b18][@b19]. However, the function of DET1 in the regulation of flowering time remains unclear. In this study, we provide evidence showing how DET1 regulates photoperiod sensitivity by delaying flowering time in SD. For example, *det1-1* mutants showed increased GI activity ([Fig. 5](#f5){ref-type="fig"}) and epigenetic silencing of *FLC* expression ([Fig. 6](#f6){ref-type="fig"}), resulting in upregulation of *FT* and *SOC1*. Thus, we propose a model for the regulatory role of DET1 in both photoperiod and autonomous pathways ([Fig. 7](#f7){ref-type="fig"}).
In this study, we showed that *gi-1* and *ft-1* nearly completely suppressed the early flowering of *det1-1* mutants and that DET1 directly interacts with GI *in vitro* and *in vivo* ([Fig. 4](#f4){ref-type="fig"}). However, DET1 does not interact with the light-input components PHYA, PHYB, CRY1 C-terminus (CCT1), or CRY2 C-terminus (CCT2), or the floral inducers CO or FKF1 (Fig. S3), indicating that DET1 has a unique role in the posttranslational regulation of GI activity in the photoperiod pathway. A previous study revealed that EARLY FLOWERING4 (ELF4), one of the circadian-clock components[@b30], acts upstream of GI[@b31]. ELF4 represses GI binding to the *CO* promoter to control flowering[@b32]. Our results revealed that *co-101 det1-1* mutants showed intermediate flowering-time phenotypes, but in *ft-1 det1-1* mutants, the early flowering phenotype of *det1-1* almost completely disappeared under LD ([Fig. 1b](#f1){ref-type="fig"}), indicating that DET1 function in the regulation of photoperiodic flowering mainly depends on *FT* expression. Thus, we hypothesized that DET1 regulates GI binding to the *FT* promoter to delay flowering time and showed that GI binding to the *FT* promoter significantly increased in the *det1-1* mutant background ([Fig. 5](#f5){ref-type="fig"}). This result indicates that DET1 represses *FT* expression via direct regulation of GI binding to the *FT* promoter.
DET1 functions as a repressor of photomorphogenesis in darkness by forming a complex with COP10 and DDB1 and promoting the activity of ubiquitin-conjugating E2 enzymes in the ubiquitination pathway[@b16][@b17]. The RING-type E3 ubiquitin ligase COP1, a member of the COP/DET/FUS family[@b15], also represses photomorphogenesis in darkness; *cop1-4* mutants display very similar phenotypes to *det1-1* mutants, such as short hypocotyls and opened cotyledons[@b34]. This implies a potential functional connection between DET1 and COP1. Indeed, COP1 interacts with COP10, but not with DET1[@b16], suggesting that COP1 could interact with the COP10-DET1-DDB1 (CDD) complex to repress photomorphogenesis. In addition, *cop1-4* mutants flower extremely early under SD, similar to *det1-1* mutants[@b33]. Thus, the CDD complex may function with COP1 in regulation of flowering time, although we have no direct evidence because the *det1-1 cop1-4* double mutant is lethal[@b34]. COP1 directly controls GI stability by interacting with GI in the presence of ELF3 for photoperiodic flowering[@b33]. However, DET1 does not regulate GI stability but does negatively affect GI binding to the *FT* promoter ([Fig. 4a](#f4){ref-type="fig"}). Therefore, although DET1 and COP1 have very similar mutant phenotypes and post-translational behavior, they seem to regulate GI function independently through distinct molecular mechanisms.
Other negative regulators of *FT* transcription, including FLC, SVP, TEM1, and TEM2, bind to the regions near the 5′UTR of *FT*. In single mutants of these regulatory genes, *FT* mRNA expression increases to levels similar to those seen in *det1-1* mutants[@b11][@b35][@b36]. Notably, SVP, TEM1, and TEM2 interact with GI to regulate *FT* expression, although the regulatory function of their interaction is not clearly understood[@b8]. Therefore, DET1 could be involved in the function of these *FT* repressors. To investigate this possibility, we examined the interaction of DET1 with these four *FT* repressors by yeast 2-hybrid assays, which revealed that DET1 does not interact with FLC, SVP, TEM1, or TEM2 (Fig. S4). This result strongly suggests that DET1 may regulate the *GI-FT* module independent of these known *FT* repressors.
In addition, we revealed that DET1 regulates the expression of *FLC*, a key component in the autonomous pathway. We found that the *det1-1* mutants showed a remarkable decrease in *FLC* mRNA levels and had altered levels of H3K4me3 and H3K27me3 ([Figs. 2f](#f2){ref-type="fig"} and [6b](#f6){ref-type="fig"}), as observed in the early-flowering *hos1-3* mutants[@b28]. Furthermore, our examination of the components of the CDD complex showed that in addition to interacting with DDB1, DET1 also interacts with MSI4/FVE, which repress *FLC* expression in the autonomous pathway ([Fig. 6a](#f6){ref-type="fig"})[@b14]. This indicates that DET1 represses *FLC* expression possibly through direct interaction with MSI4/FVE. Meanwhile, FLC negatively regulates not only *FT* but also the downstream factor *SOC1*, which encodes a MADS box transcription factor[@b37]. In genetic analysis, *ft-1* was completely epistatic to *det1-1* in LD, but in SD the *ft-1* *det1-1* double mutants showed an intermediate phenotype, indicating incomplete epistasis. Consistent with this, *SOC1* expression was upregulated in *det1-1* mutants ([Fig. 2e](#f2){ref-type="fig"}), but *soc1-2* did not rescue the early flowering of *det1-1* ([Fig. 1b](#f1){ref-type="fig"} and [Table S1](#s1){ref-type="supplementary-material"}). Notably, the *ft-1 soc1-2 det1-1* triple mutants showed complete suppression of the early flowering of *det1-1* in both photoperiods. This supports the idea that DET1 suppresses both *FT* and *SOC1* via promoting *FLC* expression in the autonomous pathway.
DET1 interacts with LHY/CCA1 and is required for transcriptional repression of CCA1/LHY target genes such as *TOC1*[@b19]. These observations indicate that DET1 functions with LHY/CCA1 to regulate the circadian rhythms of evening genes. Moreover, DET1 could act with LHY/CCA1 to negatively regulate GI binding to the *FT* promoter mainly in SD, because *lhy cca1* double mutants also exhibit photoperiod-insensitive early flowering[@b38]. To prove this hypothesis will require further analysis, such as examination of the *in vivo* interaction of CCA1-GI or LHY-GI, and GI binding activity to the *FT* promoter in either *lhy cca1* double mutants or *LHY* or *CCA1* overexpressors.
Based on these data, we propose a model for the molecular mechanism by which DET1 represses flowering in non-inductive SD conditions ([Fig. 7](#f7){ref-type="fig"}). In WT plants, the absence of *FT* expression under SD can be explained by the incongruity of peak expression of *FKF1* and *GI*; *GI* peaks in the late afternoon but *FKF1* peaks at night, leading to reduced expression of *CO* and *FT* during daytime[@b21]. As GI also directly induces *FT* expression in a *CO*-independent pathway[@b8], we wondered why *GI*, which is expressed in the afternoon[@b21] ([Fig. 2a](#f2){ref-type="fig"}), is not capable of inducing *FT* expression under SD ([Fig. 2a, d](#f2){ref-type="fig"}). In this study, we found that DET1 suppresses *FT* transcription by repressing GI binding activity to the *FT* promoter ([Fig. 5b](#f5){ref-type="fig"}). This model is further supported by genetic analysis showing that *gi-1* and *ft-1* are almost completely epistatic to *det1-1* ([Fig. 1b](#f1){ref-type="fig"} and [Table S1](#s1){ref-type="supplementary-material"}), indicating that DET1 mainly regulates flowering via GI.
In conclusion, we propose that DET1 functions as a strong repressor of flowering, acting in both photoperiodic and autonomous pathways ([Fig. 7](#f7){ref-type="fig"}); DET1 suppresses flowering mainly by decreasing GI binding activity to the *FT* promoter in the photoperiod pathway and epigenetically upregulating *FLC* expression in the autonomous pathway. Whether DET1 acts in the CDD complex[@b17] to delay flowering time under SD in *Arabidopsis* remains to be elucidated.
Methods
=======
Plant materials and growth conditions
-------------------------------------
All the *Arabidopsis thaliana* lines used in this study are in the Columbia (Col-0) genetic background. Flowering-time mutants were obtained from the Arabidopsis Biological Resource Center (USA), except for *det1-1* which was kindly provided by Joanne Chory. *cry2-1* (CS3732), *gi-1* (CS3123), *soc1-2* and *ft-1*[@b39], *fkf1-t*[@b40], and *co-101*[@b41] were used for genetic analysis. To create double and triple mutants, F~1~ heterozygotes were obtained by crossing the *det1-1* mutant as the female plant with other flowering-time mutants as pollen donors. To select correct transformants, the plants showing the *det1-1* morphological phenotype were first isolated from F~3~ plants, and flowering-time mutations were finally confirmed by PCR-based genotyping. Plants were grown on soil at a constant 22°C under white fluorescent light (90-100 μmol m^−2^s^−1^) in LD (16 h light:8 h dark) and SD (10 h light:14 h dark) or SD (8 h light:16 h dark).
Analysis of flowering time
--------------------------
The bolting date was measured as the number of days from seed sowing to opening of the first flower and as the total number of rosette leaves at bolting. Data were obtained from three experimental replications (20 to 60 plants per replication).
RNA preparation and quantitative real-time PCR analysis
-------------------------------------------------------
Tissue samples were collected every 3 h from 3-week-old seedlings. Total RNA was extracted with the plant RNA extraction kit (Macrogen). For each sample, 2 μg of total mRNA was reverse transcribed using M-MLV reverse transcriptase (Promega). The level of the transcripts was measured by real-time PCR, using GoTaq qPCR Master Mix (Promega) and the Light Cycler 2.0 instrument (Roche). Each PCR was repeated at least three times using biologically independent samples. The amount of each RNA level was determined using specific primers. The primers used for real-time PCR are listed in [Table S2](#s1){ref-type="supplementary-material"}.
Yeast 2-hybrid assays
---------------------
The full-length cDNAs of *DET1, GI, PHYA, PHYB, CCT1, CCT2, CO, FKF1, FLC, SVP, TEM1,* and *TEM2* were amplified from wild-type total RNA using RT-PCR. GI was divided into three parts: GI N-terminal (aa 1-507), GI middle (aa 401-907), and GI C-terminal (aa 801-1173) regions. The PCR products were cloned into pGBKT7 and pGADT7 vectors (MATCHMAKER GAL4 TWO-hybrid system 3, Clontech) to get the bait and prey clones. For the interaction study, plasmids containing fusion proteins were transformed into *Saccharomyces cerevisiae* AH109 and grown on media lacking adenine, leucine, histidine, and tryptophan. Galactosidase activity assays were performed according to the manufacturer\'s protocol.
*In vivo* pull-down assays
--------------------------
*TAP-DET1* and *TAP-GFP* were from Xing Wang Deng. *pGI:GI-HA gi-2 det1-1* was obtained by crossing *pGI:GI-H*A *gi-2* and *det1-1*. For DET1-GI binding assays, *TAP-DET pGI:GI-HA gi-2* and *TAP-GFP pGI:GI-HA gi-2* plants were grown on MS medium in SD (8 h light:16 h dark) for 10 days and then vacuum infiltrated for 7 \~ 10 min in 1X MS (Duchefa) liquid medium supplemented with 50 mM MG132 (Sigma) for proteasome inhibitor treatment. After that, plants were incubated for 10 h under light conditions. These plants were homogenized and total proteins were extracted in total protein extract buffer \[50 mM Tris-HCl (pH 7.5), 100 mM NaCl, 10 mM MgCl~2~, 1 mM EDTA (pH 8.0), 10% glycerol, 1 mM PMSF, 1 mM DTT\]. These experiments were performed with IgG beads for TAP-IP. After washing, the immunoprecipitated fractions were analyzed by immunoblotting. The TAP-DET1 and GI fusion proteins were detected by using anti-HA antibody.
Bimolecular fluorescence complementation assays
-----------------------------------------------
Each cDNA of *GI, ELF3, DET1, and MSI4* was cloned into the BiFC gateway vectors[@b42] to examine their *in vivo* interactions. For partial YFP-tagged DET1, and MSI4 constructs, the cDNA of the gene was obtained by RT-PCR from wild-type (WT, Col-0) plants and fused into four BiFC plasmid sets, pSAT5-DEST-cEYFP(175-end)-C1(B) (pE3130), pSAT5(A)-DEST-cEYFP(175-end)-N1 (pE3132), pSAT4(A)-DEST-nEYFP(1-174)-N1(pE3134), and pSAT4-DEST-nEYFP(1-174)-C1 (pE3136). Partial YFP-tagged ELF3 and GI constructs were previously described[@b33]. Each pair of recombinant plasmids encoding nEYFP and cEYFP fusions was mixed 1:1 (w/w), co-bombarded into onion epidermal layers using a DNA particle delivery system (Biolistic PDS-1000/He, BioRad), and incubated on MS solid media with MG132 (50 mM) for 16--24 h at 22°C under light or dark incubation, followed by observation and image analysis using a confocal laser scanning microscope (Carl Zeiss LSM710).
Chromatin immunoprecipitation assay
-----------------------------------
For the ChIP assay, Col-0, *pGI:GI-HA gi-2*, and *pGI:GI-HA gi-2 det1-1* plants were grown for 10 days under SD (8 h light:16 h dark) conditions and collected at ZT8. The samples were cross-linked with 1% formaldehyde, ground to powder in liquid nitrogen, and then sonicated[@b43]. The sonicated chromatin complexes were bound with anti-HA antibody (ab9110, Abcam) for immunoprecipitation. The amount of DNA fragment was analyzed by quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) using specific primers. *UBI10* was used as an internal standard for normalization. The primers used for qPCR are listed in [Table S2](#s1){ref-type="supplementary-material"}. For another ChIP assay, Col-0 and *det1-1* plants were grown for 14 days under SD (8 h light/16 h dark) conditions and collected at ZT8. For immunoprecipitation, we used the anti-trimethyl H3K4 (07-473, Millipore), and anti-trimethyl H3K27 (07-449, Millipore). *FUS3* was used as an internal standard for normalization[@b14]. Experiments were performed with three biological repeats.
Author Contributions
====================
M.-Y.K., S.-C.Y., Y.-S.N. and N.-C.P. conceived the study and designed the research. M.-Y.K., H.-Y.K., J.-N.C. and B.-D.L. performed experiments. M.-Y.K. and S.-C.Y. analyzed data with suggestions by Y.-S.N. and N.-C.P. M.-Y.K., S.-C.Y. and N.-C.P. wrote the article. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.
Supplementary Material {#s1}
======================
###### Supplementary Information
Supplementary Information
We thank Dr. Xing Wang Deng at Yale University for *35S*:*TAP-DET1* seeds, and Dr. Woe-Yeon Kim at Gyeongsang National University for *pGI*:*GI-HA*/*gi-2* seeds. This work was supported by the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) grant funded by the Korean government (MEST) (NRF-2011-0017308), Republic of Korea.
{ref-type="supplementary-material"}). Flowering time was measured as the number of rosette leaves at bolting. Means and standard deviations were obtained from more than 20 plants.](srep09728-f1){#f1}
{#f2}
![Flowering time of *det1-1* mutants under reduced diurnal cycles.\
(a) Effect of reduced diurnal cycles on the flowering time of *det1-1* mutants. Plants were entrained in SD (light \[L\]:dark \[D\] = 1:2) of 24 h (24 T = 8 L:16 D), 21 h (21 T = 7 L:14 D), and 18 h (18 T = 6 L:12 D). T represents environmental time period. Means and standard deviations were obtained from more than 20 plants. Col-0 means Columbia-0 ecotype (wild type). (b) Phenotypes of *det1-1* mutants after bolting under SD of 24 T, 21 T, and 18 T. Plants were grown at 22--24°C under cool-white fluorescent light (90--100 μmol m^−2^ s^−1^). Scale bars = 2 cm.](srep09728-f3){#f3}
{#f4}
{#f5}
{#f6}
{#f7}
[^1]: These authors contributed equally to this work.
| {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Can I Set My Own Asking Price
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When it comes to selling your house, there are three elements that play a part in drawing your viewers in. These are:
1. Price – how your property is priced
2. Presentation – how your home is presented
3. Promotion – how your property is marketed and promoted
All three of these elements need to be working together to sell within the quickest possible time and for maximum value. A property description would fall under the ‘Promotion’ part of this. Photography, description, online presence, printed brochure, floor plans and any videography would all come under ‘Promotion’.
So, what is the aim of the property description? To sell your property to potential buyers of course! Pretty obvious really isn’t it. However, there are so many descriptions out there that are unappealing, flat, boring and use far too much estate agent jargon.
Your property description is your chance to tell your potential buyers why they should view your home. It is your golden opportunity to get them through the door. They say on average it take six viewings before you get an offer. So, it makes sense then to get multiple offers and the best chance of a quicker sale for the highest price ideally you want 6-12 viewings. The first two weeks on Rightmove are critical for grabbing your viewers’ attention. This is usually the period of time where home buyers scouring the property portals for their new home are more likely to click into your listing as it is new and fresh. This is your opportunity to grab the viewer and get them to pick up the phone and book that viewing.
Speaking to your viewers, through property marketing is critical in doing this and therefore this makes the property description a vital element when promoting your home.
So, what is the best way to appeal to your viewers? Get into your buyer’s mindset. You may have heard me mention this quite a lot throughout my blogs but it is so important. If you can understand your buyer’s needs, dreams and aspirations you can show how your house is the home that meets all their desires. You can show them how living there will give them the lifestyle that they crave.
The estate agent is usually responsible for writing the description, and rightly so, after all that is what they are paid to do isn’t it? Well, yes, it is, however, it is so utterly critical that the property description is written correctly in an appealing, informative way that it is vitally important for the seller to have input. The seller can have complete control over this if they wish. Make sure you tell your estate agent you want input into the marketing and specifically the description. I hope most agents would really value this. If you work together, you should be able to come up with something truly delightful.
Where do you even start with writing a description? Once you have discovered who you think your ideal buyer is – next think about how you would appeal to them. Imagine what they would want to see in a house, what would appeal to you if you were them? In fact, what appealed to you about your house when you bought it? List all the positive attributes your house and the surrounding area has that meets these. Then have a look at ‘keywords’ amongst all this. What words jump to your mind when you think about these attributes?
This list of attributes and keywords can form the base of your description. From here answer the following questions that the potential viewer maybe asking themselves:
What the house has got?
Where is it?
Why you should view?
Ensure that in all three sections you hold your ideal buyer in the forefront of your mind, ‘talk’ them through your home and hint to them through the description, why it is their dream home. Make them fall in love with your property.
Any bullet points need to be draw from this overall description, headlines and bullet points should be short, snappy and have maximum appeal.
Finally – make sure that the particulars are included such as tenure – leasehold or freehold, council tax band, brief information about utilities i.e. mains fed gas supply – all the boring but factual info that a reader may want to know. Don’t go overboard though, just list the main points. Room dimensions should be stated on the floor plan, avoid putting these in your description.
Write the description so that the potential viewers get a feel for the property without delving into the depths of the houses’ kitchen draws and how many plug sockets there are per room.
By working with your estate agent and following these simple suggestions, coupled with a good floor plan, amazing brochures with fantastic photography you are onto a winner and your viewers should be queuing down the street!
Now you’ve read this – what do you think of your property description? Want a second opinion? Email it over to me and I’ll see if I can help anu@austinsestateagents.co.uk
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"pile_set_name": "Pile-CC"
} |
Rick Outman
Rick Outman (born December 15, 1963) is a Republican politician from the U.S. state of Michigan. He serves in the Michigan Senate and currently represents the 33rd Senate district. He was a member of the Michigan House of Representatives, representing the 70th District which covers Montcalm County and parts of Gratiot County which include:
Alma city
Arcada Township (part)
Bethany Township
Emerson Township (part)
Pine River Township
St Louis city
Seville Township. He was term limited out in 2017.
Education
Representative Outman received a bachelor of science and teaching degree from Grand Valley State University.
References
External links
Rick Outman for State Representative
Category:1963 births
Category:Living people
Category:People from Montcalm County, Michigan
Category:21st-century American politicians
Category:Grand Valley State University alumni
Category:Members of the Michigan House of Representatives
Category:Michigan Republicans
Category:Michigan state senators | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
} |
Low agreement between previous physician diagnosed prostatitis and national institutes of health chronic prostatitis symptom index pain measures.
We evaluate the agreement between self-reported physician diagnosed prostatitis and pain questions from the National Institutes of Health Chronic Prostatitis Symptom Index (CPSI). A randomly selected cohort of white men 47 to 90 years old from Olmsted County, Minnesota completed a study questionnaire on a history of physician diagnosed prostatitis in the preceding 2 years, including the CPSI questions. The medical records were also reviewed for physician diagnosis of chronic prostatitis during the preceding 10 years. Of 1,543 men 27 (1.7%) reported a physician diagnosis of prostatitis in the preceding 2 years. There were strong associations between self-reported prostatitis and pain at the tip of the penis (OR 6.3, 95% CI 1.4, 28.5), ejaculatory (5.9, CI 1.3, 26.6) and testicular (3.6, 1.2, 10.8) pain. The chance corrected agreement between self-reported prostatitis and pain symptoms was low at 0.01 (pubic pain) to 0.07 (pain at the tip of the penis, ejaculatory pain and testicular pain). Agreement in positive responses was also low at 3.7% (perineal pain) to 8% (pain at the tip of the penis, ejaculatory pain and testicular pain). The predictive value of the modified total CPSI score for prostatitis was 0.67, which was better than chance (0.5). Associations based on medical record ascertainment of prostatitis during followup were weak, and the area under the curve was 0.57, which was no better than chance. These findings demonstrate low agreement between CPSI-like pain measures and self-reported physician diagnosed prostatitis. The stronger associations between pain symptoms and self-reported diagnosed prostatitis, and the moderate predictive ability of the modified total CPSI score measures for self-reported prostatitis compared to medical record ascertainment demonstrate the sensitivity of the CPSI to prevalent symptoms. Thus, the tool may be best used to evaluate the severity of current symptoms rather than to assess the presence or absence of prostatitis. | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Abstracts"
} |
1. Field of the Invention
This invention relates to a packet switching network having a deterministic behavior, particularly in avionics.
2. Discussion of the Background
The processes described in documents according to prior art, references [1], [2] and [3] at the end of this description, are based on statistical considerations adapted to land telecommunication networks, but which are not easily adapted for an aircraft.
The purpose of this invention is to provide a packet switching network having a deterministic behavior, particularly in avionics. | {
"pile_set_name": "USPTO Backgrounds"
} |
Mask Donations Needed
Resources for Individuals
There are a number of organizations across the state providing direct assistance to individuals impacted by the pandemic. Our friends at the Nebraska Children and Families Foundation have compiled a comprehensive list.
COVID19 Multilanguage Education Resources
Contribute to the Relief Fund
The Nebraska Impact COVID19 Relief Fund is a partnership between Nebraska Impact, the Nebraska Children and Families Foundation, and the Office of Governor Pete Ricketts. The fund, which will be managed by the leadership of these entities, will provide direct aid to communities and organizations working to mitigate the impact of the COVID19 outbreak across Nebraska.
Volunteers Needed
Find opportunities to help in your community during the COVID19 pandemic. Opportunities in the areas of healthcare and food security are in high-demand. Some virtual opportunities are available you can complete from your home. | {
"pile_set_name": "Pile-CC"
} |
Organosiloxanes comprising amino groups, referred to as aminosilanes in short, are used as adhesion agents, as crosslinking agents for curable materials as well as building components of silane functional polymers, among other uses. Owing to the ease of their manufacture, aminosilanes having primary amino groups (“primary aminosilanes”) are very common; however, they can have several drawbacks when used. Owing to the relatively hydrophilic primary group, they can have undesired moisture absorbing properties, which can have a negative effect on the adhesion of a cured composition, which is exposed to moisture, to the substrate. In the use of silane functional polymers as building components, polymers which are prepared by the addition reaction of isocyanate functional polyurethane polymers to aminosilanes, primary aminosilanes can lead to high viscosities, can make it difficult to process the silane functional polymers, and can worsen the application properties as well as the ductility of the products prepared therefrom. Therefore, it can be advantageous to use, instead of the primary aminosilanes, those that have secondary amino groups (“secondary aminosilanes”); they are hydrophobic and they lead to low viscosity, silane functional polyurethane polymers. However, the availability of cost effective and stockable secondary amines is limited. The silane crosslinking polyurethanes produced from the secondary aminosilanes that are known can take a long time to cure, and can often have a low resistance to heating.
It is known to prepare secondary aminosilanes by hydrosilylation of allylsilanes, as described in U.S. Pat. No. 6,197,912, for example, or by nucleophilic substitution of chloro- or bromoalkylsilanes with primary amines, or of alkyl- or aryl halides with primary aminosilanes, as described in U.S. Pat. No. 3,676,478 or U.S. Pat. No. 6,197,912, for example. Due to the expensive manufacture and the much smaller quantities in comparison to the primary aminosilanes, they are considerably more expensive than the primary aminosilanes.
Therefore, for the manufacturers of silane functional polymers, it can be more advantageous to produce secondary aminosilanes starting from primary aminosilanes. The addition reaction with Michael acceptors, for example, acrylonitrile, acrylic acid ester, and maleic acid ester, is known, and has been described in U.S. Pat. No. 3,033,815, U.S. Pat. No. 4,067,844 and U.S. Pat. No. 5,364,955, for example. These reagents are inexpensive, and the reaction to form the secondary aminosilane succeeds already under mild conditions. However, it can be slow and incomplete, thus leaving a portion of the Michael acceptors in an unadducted form, which may involve their subsequent removal, if one wishes to prevent interfering odors of the products produced with the addition products. The Michael adducts of primary aminosilanes can include additional functional groups, such as cyano groups, and for example ester groups. The presence of ester groups leads to silane functional polyurethane polymers having a relatively low viscosity. However, this is associated with an issue whereby the ester groups are capable of reacting with primary or secondary amino groups, and in the process they form amides. In silane crosslinking curable materials, which can be formulated with primary amines and aminosilanes as catalysts and adhesives, this can be undesirable, because it can lead to the deactivation of the amines and to an increased crosslinking density and thus to increased brittleness of the cured polymer. Due to the creeping self condensation to form polyamides, incompletely alkylated aminosilanes with ester groups are also often unsuitable for storage. | {
"pile_set_name": "USPTO Backgrounds"
} |
Factors predictive of response to interferon-alpha therapy in hepatitis C virus type 1b infection.
Interferon-alpha (IFN-alpha) has been used to treat hepatitis C Virus (HCV)-induced infection but has been effective in only about half of all patients. It is suggested that the different responses to IFN-alpha treatment in HCV infection may be influenced by HCV genotypes, HCV RNA titer at the beginning of IFN-alpha therapy, and the sequences of the interferon sensitivity determining region (ISDR). However, there have also been reports showing that these have no relation to an IFN-alpha effect. In a previous study, it was found that the nucleotide sequence variation in the hypervariable region (HVR) 1 of the HCV could predict the effect of IFN-alpha. In the present investigation, an attempt was made to determine the predictive factors of IFN-alpha therapy. Twenty-six patients with HCV infection were treated with IFN-alpha. Among these, 13 patients recovered after 3 to 6 months of IFN-alpha treatment, although the other 13 patients showed no response after 6 months of treatment with IFN-alpha. In order to determine the predictive factors of IFN-alpha therapy, the ALT levels, HCV genotypes, HCV serum titer, and the quasispecies of HVR 1 were compared between responders and non-responders. It is suggested that the variation in the HVR 1 and HCV serum titer can be used to predict the effect of IFN-alpha. | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Abstracts"
} |
Q:
Continue SSIS package when One Connection string is not reachable
I have a strange situation. I have an SSIS package and this package takes connection string from a table in SQL server something like
(Data Source=XYZ;Initial Catalog=Mail;Provider=SQLNCLI11.1;Integrated Security=SSPI;Auto Translate=False;) and there are many more connection string like this.
It uses this connection string to insert records to the desired SQL server. But, whenever a server is not reachable the SSIS package fails and stops execution.
I want to know how we can continue SSIS package if a particular server fails so that it doesn't effect other servers. Any help or comment is appreciated.
A:
I assume the current package looks something like
Execute SQL Task (Get master list of connection strings)
ForEach (recordset) Enumerator (Assign current connection string to Variable)
Execute SQL Task (Inserts into table)
For each record you find, you assign that to a variable which is then used to drive the ConnectionString property of an OLE DB Connection manager.
Assuming that approximates the problem, you would need to add a precursor step to #3 which tests the validity of the connection string/manager. In SSIS, this mostly commonly be implemented through a Script Task. Rather than deal with Failing the Script Task, I'd also create an SSIS variable called IsConnectionValid and the result of the Script Task will be to set that to True or False depending on the state of the connection.
Psuedologic
Assumes Read only Collection is our variable @[User::ConnectionString]
Assumes Read/Write collection is our variable @[User::IsConnectionValid]
Assumes I can code without opening a text editor but the logic is sound
// re-initialize our state to false
Dts.Variables["User::IsConnectionValid"].Value = false;
// Access the current connection string
string cs = Dts.Variables["User::ConnectionString"].Value.ToString();
try
{
using (System.Data.SqlClient.SqlConnection conn = new System.Data.SqlClient.SqlConnection(cs))
{
conn.Open();
// If the connection didn't blow chow, then it's good *right now*
// The server could fall over in the next instant but this is the best we can do
Dts.Variables["User::IsConnectionValid"].Value = true;
}
}
catch(Exception ex)
{
// Swallow the error
;
}
Now that we have this script task running and safely evaluating our connection, then the last step is to change the Precedence Constraint between this new step 3 (script task) and the old step 3 (Execute SQL Task). Double click the connecting line and change it from the current default of OnSuccess to PrecedentAndConstraint (name approximate)
The constraint is simply @[User::IsConnectionValid] and it remains an AND conditional. This means that it will only give the Execute SQL Task the signal to fire if the variable is true and the preceding task didn't fail.
| {
"pile_set_name": "StackExchange"
} |
/*
Copyright (C) 2011-2015 de4dot@gmail.com
This file is part of de4dot.
de4dot is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
(at your option) any later version.
de4dot is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
GNU General Public License for more details.
You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
along with de4dot. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
*/
using System.Collections.Generic;
using dnlib.DotNet.Emit;
namespace de4dot.blocks.cflow {
public class BlocksCflowDeobfuscator {
Blocks blocks;
List<Block> allBlocks = new List<Block>();
List<IBlocksDeobfuscator> userBlocksDeobfuscators = new List<IBlocksDeobfuscator>();
List<IBlocksDeobfuscator> ourBlocksDeobfuscators = new List<IBlocksDeobfuscator>();
public BlocksCflowDeobfuscator()
: this(false) {
}
public BlocksCflowDeobfuscator(bool disableNewCFCode) {
Initialize(disableNewCFCode);
}
public BlocksCflowDeobfuscator(IEnumerable<IBlocksDeobfuscator> blocksDeobfuscator)
: this(blocksDeobfuscator, false) {
}
public BlocksCflowDeobfuscator(IEnumerable<IBlocksDeobfuscator> blocksDeobfuscator, bool disableNewCFCode) {
Initialize(disableNewCFCode);
Add(blocksDeobfuscator);
}
void Initialize(bool disableNewCFCode) {
ourBlocksDeobfuscators.Add(new BlockCflowDeobfuscator { ExecuteIfNotModified = false });
ourBlocksDeobfuscators.Add(new SwitchCflowDeobfuscator { ExecuteIfNotModified = false });
ourBlocksDeobfuscators.Add(new DeadStoreRemover { ExecuteIfNotModified = false });
ourBlocksDeobfuscators.Add(new DeadCodeRemover { ExecuteIfNotModified = false });
ourBlocksDeobfuscators.Add(new ConstantsFolder { ExecuteIfNotModified = true, DisableNewCode = disableNewCFCode });
ourBlocksDeobfuscators.Add(new StLdlocFixer { ExecuteIfNotModified = true });
ourBlocksDeobfuscators.Add(new DupBlockCflowDeobfuscator { ExecuteIfNotModified = true });
}
public void Add(IEnumerable<IBlocksDeobfuscator> blocksDeobfuscators) {
foreach (var bd in blocksDeobfuscators)
Add(bd);
}
public void Add(IBlocksDeobfuscator blocksDeobfuscator) {
if (blocksDeobfuscator != null)
userBlocksDeobfuscators.Add(blocksDeobfuscator);
}
public void Initialize(Blocks blocks) {
this.blocks = blocks;
}
public void Deobfuscate() {
bool modified;
int iterations = -1;
DeobfuscateBegin(userBlocksDeobfuscators);
DeobfuscateBegin(ourBlocksDeobfuscators);
do {
iterations++;
modified = false;
RemoveDeadBlocks();
MergeBlocks();
blocks.MethodBlocks.GetAllBlocks(allBlocks);
if (iterations == 0)
modified |= FixDotfuscatorLoop();
modified |= Deobfuscate(userBlocksDeobfuscators, allBlocks);
modified |= Deobfuscate(ourBlocksDeobfuscators, allBlocks);
modified |= DeobfuscateIfNotModified(modified, userBlocksDeobfuscators, allBlocks);
modified |= DeobfuscateIfNotModified(modified, ourBlocksDeobfuscators, allBlocks);
} while (modified);
}
void DeobfuscateBegin(IEnumerable<IBlocksDeobfuscator> bds) {
foreach (var bd in bds)
bd.DeobfuscateBegin(blocks);
}
bool Deobfuscate(IEnumerable<IBlocksDeobfuscator> bds, List<Block> allBlocks) {
bool modified = false;
foreach (var bd in bds) {
if (bd.ExecuteIfNotModified)
continue;
modified |= bd.Deobfuscate(allBlocks);
}
return modified;
}
bool DeobfuscateIfNotModified(bool modified, IEnumerable<IBlocksDeobfuscator> bds, List<Block> allBlocks) {
foreach (var bd in bds) {
if (modified)
break;
if (!bd.ExecuteIfNotModified)
continue;
modified |= bd.Deobfuscate(allBlocks);
}
return modified;
}
// Hack for old Dotfuscator
bool FixDotfuscatorLoop() {
/*
blk1:
...
ldc.i4.x
blk2:
dup
dup
ldc.i4.y
some_op
bcc blk2
blk3:
pop
...
*/
bool modified = false;
foreach (var block in allBlocks) {
if (block.Instructions.Count != 5)
continue;
var instructions = block.Instructions;
if (instructions[0].OpCode.Code != Code.Dup)
continue;
if (instructions[1].OpCode.Code != Code.Dup)
continue;
if (!instructions[2].IsLdcI4())
continue;
if (instructions[3].OpCode.Code != Code.Sub && instructions[3].OpCode.Code != Code.Add)
continue;
if (instructions[4].OpCode.Code != Code.Blt && instructions[4].OpCode.Code != Code.Blt_S &&
instructions[4].OpCode.Code != Code.Bgt && instructions[4].OpCode.Code != Code.Bgt_S)
continue;
if (block.Sources.Count != 2)
continue;
var prev = block.Sources[0];
if (prev == block)
prev = block.Sources[1];
if (prev == null || !prev.LastInstr.IsLdcI4())
continue;
var next = block.FallThrough;
if (next.FirstInstr.OpCode.Code != Code.Pop)
continue;
block.ReplaceLastInstrsWithBranch(5, next);
modified = true;
}
return modified;
}
bool RemoveDeadBlocks() {
return new DeadBlocksRemover(blocks.MethodBlocks).Remove() > 0;
}
bool MergeBlocks() {
bool modified = false;
foreach (var scopeBlock in GetAllScopeBlocks(blocks.MethodBlocks))
modified |= scopeBlock.MergeBlocks() > 0;
return modified;
}
IEnumerable<ScopeBlock> GetAllScopeBlocks(ScopeBlock scopeBlock) {
var list = new List<ScopeBlock>();
list.Add(scopeBlock);
list.AddRange(scopeBlock.GetAllScopeBlocks());
return list;
}
}
}
| {
"pile_set_name": "Github"
} |
Spirothelphusa
Spirothelphusa is a genus of crabs in the family Pseudothelphusidae, containing the following species:
Spirothelphusa chiapensis Rodríguez & Smalley, 1969
Spirothelphusa verticalis (Rathbun, 1893)
References
Category:Pseudothelphusidae | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
} |
Specifications tableSubjectEmergency MedicineSpecific subject areaWe assessed whether the introduction of the hs-troponin assay resulted in downstream testing in patients presenting with chest pain to an emergency department.Type of dataTable\
Figure\
Data\
CodesHow data were acquiredRetrospective chart review. Data extraction methods have been previously described [@bib0003]. The local ethics committee approved the study (KEK-ZH number 2014-0506) in December 2014.\
All analyses were performed with the statistical software R for windows.\
Standard test period: Troponin T-Test Assay: CARDIAC T, Ref. 04491815 190, Cobas®, Roche) was used with a limit of detection 0.01ng/ml troponin T and a cut-off of ≥0.01ng/ml [@bib0004].\
Hs-troponin test period: Troponin T hs STAT assay, Ref. 05092728190 V8, Cobas®, Roche (fourth generation hs-troponin T assay). Limit of detection of 0.003ng/ml troponin. The cut-off for pathological hs-troponin values was defined at ≥0.014ng/ml, the 99. percentile of the reference population (coefficient of variation \<10% [@bib0005]). None of the assay batches known to have calibration errors (batch numbers 157120, 160197, and 163704, produced between October 2009 and April 2012, with the latest expiration date of October 2012) were used.Data formatRaw source data\
Analyzed\
FilteredParameters for data collectionPrimary diagnosis\
Troponin test result: positive / negative\
Number of additional tests: ECG, treadmill test, coronary angiography, MIBI scintigraphy, echocardiography, chest X-ray, computer tomography (CT) of the chest or abdomen, sonography of the abdomen or pleura, gastroscopy, lung function testsDescription of data collectionRetrospective chart review. Two researchers screened all records. The first presentation for chest pain to the ED and all presentations within three months were considered and extracted. Presentations after \>3 months due to chest pain were extracted as a new index visit of a second episode.\
Data were extracted into a predefined extraction form. One researcher not involved in the extraction process assessed the data extraction quality. The final diagnosis was based on the diagnosis of the discharge letter or, in patients with follow-up visits / readmissions, adjudicated by a committee not involved in the data extraction and blinded to the discharge diagnosis of the first letter.Data source locationInstitution: Kantonsspital Winterthur\
City/Town/Region: Winterthur\
Country: SwitzerlandData accessibilityThe data is hosted on a public repository.\
Repository name: Mendeley.com\
Data identification number: 10.17632\
Direct URL to data: <http://dx.doi.org/10.17632/nktjd25y6k.1>Related research articleJakob M. Burgstaller, Ulrike Held, Isaac Gravestock, Benjamin S. Klauser, Laura M. Gort, Lina Melzer, Susann Hasler, Tenzin D. Bierreth, Sarah E. Müller, Johann Steurer, Maria M. Wertli, Impact of the introduction of high-sensitive troponin assay on the evaluation of chest pain patients in the emergency department: a retrospective study, Am J Med, in press [@bib0002].
Value of the data {#sec0001a}
=================
•This data article represents data and additional analyses based on methods used in the original article and provides detailed insight in how the introduction of the hs-troponin assay influenced the diagnostic assessment in patients presenting with chest pain to the ED.•The data will benefit clinicians and researchers because they provide a detailed description of a real-life setting.•The dataset includes data for all patients. This data will allow other researchers to compare their own data and to perform patient independent meta-analyses.•The data may benefit other researchers and clinicians to develop effective algorithms on how to test patients presenting with chest pain to the ED.
Effective algorithm to assess and identify patient at risk for acute coronary syndrome without overtesting may benefit the healthcare system in the long term.
1. Data description {#sec0001}
===================
The dataset in this article describes the number of diagnostic test before and after the introduction of the hs-troponin test. In [Table 1](#tbl0001){ref-type="table"} the average monthly tests for two analyses are summarized: non-invasive / invasive cardiac tests, overall diagnostic tests after the exclusion of STEMI patients. [Fig. 1](#fig0001){ref-type="fig"}a describes the average overall monthly number of non-invasive and invasive cardiac tests per patients in the full patient sample (*n* = 1274). [Fig. 1](#fig0001){ref-type="fig"}b describes the average monthly number of non-invasive and invasive cardiac tests per patients with positive and negative troponin test for all patients (*n* =1274). [Fig. 2](#fig0002){ref-type="fig"}a describes the average overall monthly number of diagnostic tests per patients after exclusion of patients with STEMI diagnosis (*n* = 1173). [Fig. 2](#fig0002){ref-type="fig"}b describes the average monthly number of diagnostic tests per patients with positive and negative troponin test after exclusion of patients with STEMI diagnosis (*n* = 1173).Table 1Average diagnostic test before and after the introduction of the hs-troponin test.Table 1Troponin I testHs-TroponinComparison Troponin I vs. Hs-Troponin periodMean (SD)Mean (SD)Beta (95% CI)p-valuenon-invasive / invasive cardiac diagnostic tests‡ in trop+ patients1.2 (0.7)1.0 (0.7)0.20 (0.04 - 0.35)0.012non-invasive / invasive cardiac diagnostic tests‡ in trop- patients0.3 (0.6)0.2 (0.5)0.16 (0.09 - 0.23)\<0.001Diagnostic tests§ in trop+ patients without STEMI patients3.2 (0.9)2.9 (1.0)0.35 (0.09 - 0.60)0.008Diagnostic tests§ in trop- patients without STEMI patients2.2 (1.1)1.7 (0.8)0.44 (0.32 - 0.56)\<0.001[^2][^3][^4]Fig. 1a) (top figure): Average overall monthly number of non-invasive and invasive cardiac tests per patients in the full patient sample (n = 1,274); b) (figure below): Average monthly number of non-invasive and invasive cardiac tests per patients with positive and negative troponin test for all patients (n = 1,274)Fig 1Fig. 2a) (top figure): Average overall monthly number of diagnostic tests per patients after exclusion of patients with STEMI diagnosis (n = 1,173). b) (figure below): Average monthly number of diagnostic tests per patients with positive and negative troponin test after exclusion of patients with STEMI diagnosis (n = 1,173).Fig 2
In the repository, a dataset describes the raw data required to replicate the analysis on average monthly number of tests. The code file describes the codes used for the analysis for the statistical software R.
2. Experimental design, materials, and methods {#sec0002}
==============================================
2.1. Design and data {#sec0003}
--------------------
Data includes records from a single-center, retrospective medical chart review of patients presenting to one of the ten largest hospitals in Switzerland, the cantonal hospital Winterthur (\>30′000 ED visits annually), between December 1, 2009 and December 31, 2011. This time period was chosen because on December 1, 2010 a hs-troponin assay was implemented and in January 2012 an outpatient clinic near the hospital opened and many eligible patients were treated elsewhere.
Data includes 1,274 patient records of ED visits with at least one troponin test (597 in the standard troponin T and 677 in the hs-troponin test period) between December 1, 2009 and December 31, 2011. The data includes 1274 patient records with at least one troponin test (597 in the standard troponin T and 677 in the hs-troponin test period).
2.2. Material {#sec0004}
-------------
Data extraction methods have been previously described [@bib0003]. Two researchers (TD, SM) screened all 3000 records with the ICD-10 codes (R07.1-4 (*n* = 2438) and I20-24 (*n* = 562) for inclusion. Overall, 1,467 records (6.6%) met the inclusion criteria and were extracted.
Data were extracted into a predefined extraction form. Data extraction quality of six predefined parameters (troponin test result, pain reproducible by movement, coronary angiography, recommendation for further diagnostic evaluation, recommendation for further treatment, and the discharge diagnosis) in 379 (26%) ED visits showed an overall error rate was 5.4%, 95% confidence interval (CI) 4.5--6.4); the error rate for the troponin values was 0.8%, 95%-CI 0.2--2.5).
The final diagnosis used for the primary outcome was based on the diagnosis of the discharge letter or, in patients with follow-up visits / readmissions, adjudicated by a committee not involved in the data extraction (JS, UH, JB, MW) and blinded to the discharge diagnosis of the first letter. First, one of us (BK) reviewed all records of follow-up visits to the hospital (ED visits, outpatient treatment, and hospitalizations) within three months after the initial ED consultation for changes in the discharge diagnosis. Out of 263 episodes with additional visits, 163 (62%) were related and 100 (38%) were not related to the index visit. Second, the independent committee reviewed all available medical records (clinical findings, imaging studies, non-invasive and invasive diagnostics, laboratory tests and discharge letters) of the follow-up evaluation or hospitalization of all 163 potentially related visits and adjudicated the final diagnosis. In 148 visits (90.7%) the primary diagnosis was confirmed. Changes in the final discharge diagnosis were adjudicated from unclear chest pain in 15 visits (5.8%) to acute coronary syndrome in 3 patients (1.1%: NSTEMI *n* =1, unstable angina *n* = 2), stable angina without acute coronary syndrome in 5 patients (1.9%), cholecystitis / choledocholithiasis in 3 patients (1.1%). The diagnosis was changed in one patient to an upside-down stomach (0.3%), polyserositis (0.3%), or disseminated tuberculosis (0.3%), respectively.
2.3. Methods {#sec0005}
------------
We compared the number of non-invasive / invasive cardiac tests (i.e. treadmill test, coronary angiography, MIBI scintigraphy, and echocardiography) and the number of diagnostic tests after the exclusion of STEMI patients. We calculated average monthly tests per patient and compared mean tests per patient between groups. We used a t-test to quantify the evidence for differential number of tests per patient record in each period. Between-group differences were estimated with 95% confidence intervals. All analyses were performed with the statistical software R for windows [@bib0001].
To access the data and the full codes please go to <http://dx.doi.org/10.17632/nktjd25y6k.1>.
Acknowledgments {#sec0032e}
===============
We thank Giuseppe Pichierri for his help with the graphic design and compiling the figures.
Conflict of Interest
====================
The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships, which have, or could be perceived to have, influenced the work reported in this article.
[^1]: Shared first authorship, equal contribution
[^2]: SD, standard deviation; CI, confidence interval.
[^3]: ^‡^Non-invasive / invasive cardiac tests: treadmill test, coronary angiography, Mibi-scintigraphy, and echocardiography.
[^4]: ^§^Average number of additional test: ECG, coronary angiography, Mibi-scintigraphy, echocardiography, treadmill test, chest X-ray, computer tomography (CT) of the chest or abdomen, sonography of the abdomen or pleura, gastroscopy, lung function tests.
| {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Mark Palmer (cricketer)
Mark Brendon Palmer (born 10 February 1967) is a former Australian cricketer who played a single List A match for Western Australia during the 1989–90 season. From Perth, Palmer played at state under-16 and under-19 level, and played several matches as wicket-keeper for the Australian under-19 cricket team during both the 1985–86 and 1986–87 seasons. He went on to attend the Western Australian Institute of Sport (WAIS), participating in its cricket program. Having previously played for the state colts team, Palmer's sole match at senior state level came against Sri Lanka, during its 1989–90 tour of Australia. The match, played at the end of Sri Lanka's tour, was the first of a two-part series, with both matches held at the WACA Ground in early February 1990. Western Australia trialled several new players in both matches, with Palmer one of four List A debutants in the match, alongside Brendan Julian, Chris Mack, and Darrin Ramshaw. Replacing usual state wicket-keeper Tim Zoehrer, Palmer was bowled by Rumesh Ratnayake for a golden duck, but took two catches in Sri Lanka's innings, off the bowling of Peter Capes and Steve Russell. He did not play at state level again.
References
Category:1967 births
Category:Australian cricketers
Category:Living people
Category:Cricketers from Perth, Western Australia
Category:University of Western Australia alumni
Category:Western Australia cricketers
Category:Western Australian Institute of Sport alumni | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
} |
Homicide trial starts for Cromwell, could last three days
The trial for Lee Cromwell, 67, the defendant in a fatal parking lot crash in Oak Ridge on July 4, 2015, has been set for the week that starts Monday, February 13, 2017. (File photo by John Huotari/Oak Ridge Today)
CLINTON—The homicide trial for Lee Harold Cromwell, the defendant in a fatal parking lot crash after fireworks in Oak Ridge on July 4, 2015, started Monday in Anderson County Criminal Court in Clinton.
The trial started with jury selection. About 115 potential jurors received instructions from Senior Judge Paul Summers on Monday morning.
A jury of 12 people and three alternates will be selected from among the 115 potential jurors.
Summers, appointed to hear the case after Judge Don Elledge recused himself because of liens filed by Cromwell, said he expects the trial to last three days, although that is not guaranteed.
The plea deadline for Cromwell was February 3.
The witnesses that are expected to testify include current and former Oak Ridge Police Department officers, victims of the crash, and Julia Robinson, the wife of James Robinson, 37, the Knoxville man who died in the crash.
Cromwell, 67, is accused of killing Robinson and injuring 11 others when he backed his Dodge Ram pickup truck through the crowded parking lot at the Midtown Community Center on July 4, 2015, after fireworks at Alvin K. Bissell Park.
Cromwell was indicted by the Anderson County Grand Jury on May 3, 2016. The indictments alleged that Cromwell recklessly killed Robinson with his truck and assaulted, with his vehicle, Robinson and 11 others, some of them children: La’Ruis Henderson, Ja’Taalia Henderson, Ja’Shalin Porter, Le’Meire Porter, Curtis Booker, Michael Eldridge, Elizabeth Eldridge, Mortisia Corey, and Robinson’s family—wife Julia Robinson and daughters Jaide and Jackie Robinson.
Tennessee Senior Judge Paul G. Summers has been appointed to hear the case against Lee Cromwell, a 67-year-old Oak Ridge resident who was charged with homicide and aggravated assault, among other charges, in a fatal parking lot crash after fireworks in Oak Ridge on July 4, 2015. (Photo by John Huotari/Oak Ridge Today)
The specific charges in the indictments were vehicular homicide, reckless homicide, criminally negligent homicide, 12 counts of aggravated assault, reckless endangerment when a deadly weapon is involved, and driving on a suspended or revoked license.
The defense has said the throttle in Cromwell’s Dodge Ram pickup truck stuck.
But that claim was disputed during the preliminary hearing by testimony that witnesses heard the engine rev up and down that night, and not stay at a consistent rpm.
Police said they found no evidence of a malfunction in the pickup, and there were no active recalls on it that would have affected the throttle.
One witness testified that Cromwell hit a Ford Thunderbird while backing slowly through the parking lot, stopped, continued backing slowly until he hit a van, stopped, and then “floored it” before hitting a group of cars in front of the Midtown Community Center, injuring people and killing James Robinson.
After the preliminary hearing, defense attorney James K. Scott said that he expects that mechanical issues and questions about the Dodge Ram pickup will be raised in additional legal proceedings, and he’s still viewing the July 4 crash as an unintentional acceleration.
Anderson County Deputy District Attorney General Tony Craighead is the prosecutor in the trial.
To convict Cromwell, the state will have to convince the jury that Cromwell is guilty “beyond a reasonable doubt.”
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More Police and Fire News
An evaluation of competency and mental capacity has been ordered in the case in which police say a 19-year-old man fatally stabbed a 10-year-old dog and then started a fire in the living room of an apartment on … [Read More...]
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The Oak Ridge League of Women Voters will host Lunch with the League on Tuesday at 11:45 a.m. at the Oak Ridge Unitarian Universalist Church on Oak Ridge Turnpike.
The speaker will be Oak Ridge Police Chief Jim … [Read More...] | {
"pile_set_name": "Pile-CC"
} |
Q:
how to declare a function with Matrix type argument in Eigen?
I've written following code. In this code, I've declared func in foo.h:
#pragma once
#include "stdafx.h"
#include <vector>
#include <opencv2\opencv.hpp>
#include <Eigen>
void func(std::vector<int>, cv::Mat_<float>, Eigen::Matrix<float, Dynamic, Dynamic, RowMajor>&, Eigen::VectorXf&);
so, in foo.cpp:
#include "stdafx.h"
#include "foo.h"
#include <vector>
#include <opencv2\opencv.hpp>
#include <Eigen>
using namespace std;
using namespace cv;
using namespace Eigen;
void func(std::vector<int> gnd, cv::Mat_<float> _data, Eigen::Matrix<float, Dynamic, Dynamic, RowMajor> &A, Eigen::VectorXf &B)
{
//some code
}
but i have following error:
'Dynamic': undeclared identifier
'RowMajor': undeclared identifier
'_Rows': invalid template argument for 'Eigen::Matrix', expected compile-time constant expression
'_Cols': invalid template argument for 'Eigen::Matrix', expected compile-time constant expression
'_Options': invalid template argument for 'Eigen::Matrix', expected compile-time constant expression
How to fix this code?
A:
I got it myself! I must add namespace Eigen before Dynamic and RowMajor in foo.h:
void func(std::vector<int>, cv::Mat_<float>, Eigen::Matrix<float, Eigen::Dynamic, Eigen::Dynamic, Eigen::RowMajor>&, Eigen::VectorXf&);
| {
"pile_set_name": "StackExchange"
} |
Q:
Where can I find info to write Sharepoint Specifications for my Sharepoint team?
Where can I find the information on how to write specifications for my Sharepoint team? And lets assume I've never written any sort of project document and don't know for sure officially the right ways to do things in Sharepoint and that all I know comes from poking around.
Where can I find that info?
A:
Try thinking about this in a different way:
Who is going to be reading this document? What do they expect to see in it? Ask them. And then ask for feedback when your first draft is completed.
Tech design documents vary widely in structure and form, between organizations and even within them. Take your best guess, spend a couple hours writing up a very rough draft, then ask your colleagues to tell you what's missing or what's redundant, or what needs more or less detail. Then iterate and make it better.
It sounds like your organization doesn't have a lot of experience with formalized procedures for software design. You have a golden opportunity here to establish yourself as the expert.
| {
"pile_set_name": "StackExchange"
} |
In Abyss players are vying for control in an underwater city. They do this by collecting allies and using them to recruit Lords of the Abyss, who will then grant access to control different city locations. Players acquire ally cards through a draft of sorts to in turn gain Lords of the Abyss who grant special powers to the cardholder.
The objective in Abyss is to be crowned the King of the Abyss by gaining the most influence points. Influence points are gained by affiliating Allies, recruiting Lords, and controlling Locations.
During the game, players will collect colored Ally cards of different values which they’ll then use to buy valuable Lord cards (for points and special abilities). As Lord cards are gained, players will also be able to gain special Location boards which deliver even more points at the end of the game.
Abyss is a card-driven game with a game board of 3 sections – each corresponding to an action players can take on their turns. The top of the board is the Exploration track. The middle section is the Council area. The bottom section is the Court where the Lord cards are placed.
The board has an area for Exploration, Council Support, and Recruiting Lords.
Set up
For game set up, players shuffle and stack the small Ally cards into a deck to the left of the Exploration track. They also shuffle the Lord cards and stack them face down to the left of the Court row.
The Location boards are also mixed and stacked face down next to the board. Then one is placed face up. All the Monster tokens are mixed and placed face down near the board. And the Threat token is placed on the Threat track.
Each player gets one Pearl and they’re ready to begin.
Pearls as currency is a sweet touch.
Game play
On a player’s turn, they first choose if they’d like to pay to bring new Lords to Court. If there are open Court spaces, the player can pay 1 Pearl to add a new Lord card. They can continue to do so as long as there are empty spaces and they can pay.
Then the player can take 1 of 3 possible actions (Explore, Support, Recruit).
Exploring the depths brings out Allies.
1. Explore the Depths:
The active player reveals and places Ally cards one at a time to the Exploration track spaces. If the card is an Ally, the player must first offer it to the other players in turn order. If a player wants it, they must pay the active player 1 Pearl before taking it. Once the other players have had a chance to buy it and all passed, the active player can claim that Ally card for themselves. If the active player doesn’t want it, they reveal another card and go through the same process again.
If one player chooses to buy a card, the process repeats as well. However, for subsequent cards claimed by other players the cost is increased by 1.
If all the spaces on the Exploration track fill up and the other players don’t want the last card revealed, the active player must take it (plus they get 1 Pearl).
While exploring, players can also encounter monsters.
If a card is revealed showing a Monster instead of an Ally, the active player can choose to fight it or keep exploring. If they choose to fight, the victory is automatic and the player gets the reward that’s indicated on the Threat track and return the Threat marker back to the beginning of the track. If they choose to keep exploring, they move the Threat token one space further on the Threat track and continue revealing cards.
At the end of the Exploration phase, any card still on the track is then moved into the Council area of the board in the corresponding colored space.
2. Council Support:
If a player chooses to go to the Council for Support for their one action, they take one stack of Ally cards in the Council area.
Ally cards stack up in the Council area.
3. Recruit a Lord:
The third action option lets players trade in their Ally cards for a Lord card.
Each large Lord card shows its cost in the bottom left corner as well as the number of different race cards that must be used. The main, big bubble shows the required race type. Each additional bubble means a card of another race must also be used.
So if a card shows a big green colored bubble plus two small bubbles, then 3 total different races must be used – one of which must be green.
The total of all cards turned in must equal or exceed the value shown on the Lord card. Players can also spend their Pearls to make up the difference if they want to recruit a Lord but the cards they can turn in don’t total the whole value.
Use Allies you’ve collected to Recruit Lords.
Players put all but one of the Ally cards they used to recruit into the Exploration card discard pile. The card they keep is the one with the lowest value. The Ally then becomes “affiliated” to that player’s cause. Affiliated allies are kept until the end of the game for scoring.
Once recruited, the Lord card is placed face up in front of the player. The number in the upper left corner indicates the Influence points of that Lord for end-game scoring.
Also after recruiting a Lord, all other Lord cards are slid to fill empty spaces on their right. If there are only 2 Lords left, the player also gets 2 Pearls and the rest of the Lord spaces are refilled from the deck.
Players can use the powers of Lords they’ve recruited.
After the active player has taken their action, they check to see if they can control a Location. As soon as a player gathers 3 Keys, they get a Location.
Keys can be gained by fighting Monsters or by getting Lords that have Key icons on them.
When choosing a Location, the player can either take one of the already face up Location boards or draw up to 4 face down Location boards and choose one of them. If they take the second route, the ones they don’t choose are then placed face up for others players to choose from later.
Once controlled, the player puts the Location board in front of them. If The Keys on Lord cards were used to get a Location, those Lord cards slide under the Location board – covering up their Lord power from being used for the rest of the game.
Then play passes to the next player on to the left.
Controlled Locations will cover the special Lord powers.
Game end
The game continues until either a player recruits their 7th Lord or any player recruits a Lord and the Court needs to be refilled but their aren’t enough cards to completely refill it.
The active player completes their turn and the other players all get one more turn.
An easy to follow score pad helps total the Influence points.
Then players total their Influence points.
The handy score pad in the game helps players total up their points from the following elements:
Locations they control
Lords they have recruited
The strongest Ally from their affiliated races
The Monster tokens they hold
The player with the most Influence Points wins the game.
Can the whole family enjoy playing Abyss?
The recommended age on the Abyss game box is 14+. However, we’ve got another way of telling if kids are too young to play that can also be found by looking at the game box: If they’re scared or intimidated by the mere cover of the game, hold off on letting them play.
How’s that for a gauge?
As you can see though by the quick rundown of how the game plays, it really isn’t a complicated game and can easily be picked up by players younger than 14.
Most importantly, the game is a lot of fun and we totally recommend it for family play.
Abyss game boxes have variable cover art.
What we love about Abyss
There’s not doubt the first noticeable element of Abyss is the amazing artwork. And it’s not limited to the cover art.
We love the artwork on every element of the game. From the game board and Location boards to both the small Ally cards and the large Lord cards, the artwork totally transports us to underwater depths.
The Threat track grants bonuses when fighting Monsters.
The next thing we love that totally ties the theme to the game play is the Pearl currency in the game.
Each player has a seashell cup to hold their Pearls throughout the game. And while players can gain Pearls in a few different ways, a lot of the economy is driven by players paying each other.
Next, we really love the way Ally cards are claimed.
At first, we thought the way cards are revealed on the Exploration track and other players in turn have the chance to buy the revealed card before the active player can claim it sounded very tedious. But after playing, in actuality that process doesn’t take very long. In most cases, players quickly say ‘no’ or ‘pass’ on the chance and the next card is quickly revealed.
Not only that, but it’s a great way for limiting down-time in the game. A lot of exploring happens in the game so it’s a great way to keep all players attentive to the game even when its not their turn. Everyone has an interest in every card revealed because they may want it.
Most other players however won’t buy a card this way from the active player unless it’s a high value card (4 or 5). And even the active player is exploring to get those great cards. Which means a lot of 1’s and 2’s get passed over. Since any cards passed over are then placed in the Council area, those race cards can stack up – making the option to take one of the stacks of lower valued Ally cards from the Council very enticing.
Choose your Locations wisely.
Then there are the awesome Lord cards themselves.
This is the area we’re all focused on throughout the game. Choosing which Lords to go after is the crux of the game. Not only are players continually assessing the potential Influence Point value of each Lord at the end of the game. They’re also considering the special powers the Lords provide.
And Lords of different races tend to deliver powers tailored to those races. Soliders offer little points but can help hold other players back. Farmers have no powers but are worth a lot of points. Politicians let players manipulate the other Lords. Mages work well with affiliated allies. Merchants grant Pearls in different ways. And Ambassadors offer benefits in controlling Locations.
But of course, that all comes at a cost. Players must use their Ally cards to recruit a Lord. Collecting the right sets and values of Ally cards is crucial, but players also have to weigh that with when to pounce. Because they know their opponents could be planning for the same Lord card they are.
It creates a fun tension to the game we really love.
But that’s not all.
A couple of the Lords of the Abyss that are helping me out.
There’s another great balance that players must weigh when both recruiting Lords and controlling Locations. And that comes into play when players make way for other Lords or Locations to be revealed for other players to claim.
Players can pay Pearls to bring new Lords to Court. But another way they come out is when there are only 2 Lord cards left in Court. Then the whole row refills without costing any players. So that third to last Lord may look great now, but it will mean a bunch of new Lords will be revealed for free to the next player.
Also, players may want to grab 4 face down Location boards when choosing 1 to gain. However, this also means that potentially 3 other beneficial locations will now be turned face-up for other players to snag.
And if that’s not enough, players also have to balance when the powers on their Lords may be covered up by taking a Location board.
Lastly, an element that often gets overlooked is the Threat track bonuses that can be gained when fighting Monsters on the Exploration track. As Monsters are passed over, the benefits increase. However, passing over fighting too many monsters just to get better benefits on the Threat track can backfire since it may be during an opponents turn that they get claimed.
We love all these different elements that need to be thoughtfully balanced along the way.
There’s plenty to balance in recruiting Lords and controlling Locations.
We should also mention that we like the game best with a full player count of 4. Playing with this many means there’s a bit more tension as there are more players vying for the same things. And it’s a fun tension to have.
That being said, it’s also great with 3 players. But not so much with just 2.
All in all, Abyss is a fantastic board game!
How does Abyss score on our “Let’s Play Again” game meter?
If you haven’t guessed already, Abyss scores very high on our “let’s play again” game meter for all the reasons we’ve just mentioned.
And if those aren’t enough reasons to convince you of its high score in our collection, we also got the Abyss: Kraken expansion a few months ago to add even more fun.
Watch for that review coming in a few days…
So if you’d love to have an awesome, underwater themed game for your family, Abyss is it!
Or if you’re just looking for a menacing looking game box on your game shelf, then Abyss is also a must-buy. | {
"pile_set_name": "Pile-CC"
} |
DESCRIPTION: (Applicant's Description) Imaging reporter gene expression in living animals provides critical spatiotemporal information about changes in cell growth, cell trafficking and gene expression during normal and disease processes. In addition to enabling non-invasive in vivo assays for cell migration and function, these bioluminescence-based methods permit real time analyses of gene expression patterns in neoplastic and normal cells. We have already shown that marking and transferring tumor cells with informative reporter gene constructs and creating transgenic mice expressing these constructs provides a clear, time-ordered view of in vivo tumor growth and of normal cell responses to stimuli. We propose here to add another dimension to this powerful in vivo assay technology by coupling it with equally powerful fluorescence methods for ex vivo identification of cells in suspension or tissue sections. Together, these technologies enable development of wholly new and vastly more effective methods for evaluating and improving cell-based and other anti-cancer therapies. In our first steps towards development of this dual methodology, we generated an unparalleled description of tumor-host immune interaction based on real time observations of trafficking and proliferation of immune and tumor cells in intact animals. Now, continuing along this path, we plan to capitalize on the ex vivo subset-discriminating capabilities of the multiparameter fluorescence-activated cell sorter (FACS) by developing multifunctional reporter genes (fusion proteins comprised of luciferases and fluorescent proteins) that are detectable in vivo by bioluminescence and ex vivo by fluorescence. By creating tumor cells and transgenic mice expressing these constructs, we will be able to monitor migration of cells into a tumor site (by imaging) and to characterize the cells at the site (by FACS). In addition, by creating appropriate constructs, we plan use this dual methodology in a novel "gene-trap" strategy that will enable isolation and identification of genes that are turned on or turned off in tumors and responding host cells. We will perfect and demonstrate these technologies here in three systems, one in which a tumor is killed by co-transferred natural killer cells, a second in which B cells naturally give rise to CLL-like tumors, and a third in which a radiation-sensitive B cell tumor is induced to give rise to radiation-resistant variants. The overall technology that we develop through these applications will enable high throughput analyses of immune cell and tumor interactions, rapid localization and genetic characterization of defined subsets of transferred immune cells active against tumors, and the facile identification of molecular determinants involved in potential tumor evasion from immune surveillance. 1 R33 CA88303-01 -3- Christopher Contag, Ph.D. | {
"pile_set_name": "NIH ExPorter"
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Gastric emptying in healthy newborns fed an intact protein formula, a partially and an extensively hydrolysed formula.
Gastric emptying (GE) is influenced by the type of nutrition. The objective of this study was to compare GE in infants fed an intact protein formula (IPF), a partially hydrolysed formula (PHF), and an extensively hydrolysed formula (EHF). This was a double-blind, randomized, cross-over study. Following a fasting period of > or = 3 h, 20 healthy newborns were fed IPF, PHF, and EHF containing 50 microl (13)C-octanoic acid (OA). Breath samples were taken before feeding and every 15 min for 4 h thereafter. (13)C-OA breath test was assessed by isotope-ratio mass spectrometry, and GE half-times (t(1/2)) were determined. Seventeen infants with a mean gestational age of 37 wk (range 28-40 wk) and birth weight of 2698 g (range 720-3690 g) completed the study. At study initiation, the mean age was 31 d (range 6 d-13 wk) and the mean weight was 3466 g (range 2100-5700 g). EHF emptied significantly faster than IPF and PHF (medians 46 vs. 55 and 53 min, respectively, Wilcoxon, P<0.05 for both). There was no significant difference between GE of PHF and IPF (Wilcoxon, P=0.2). EHF may be better tolerated by infants with GE problems. | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Abstracts"
} |
Cross-spectral analysis of cardiovascular variables in supine diabetic patients.
Cardiovascular autonomic neuropathy in diabetes is associated with a high risk of mortality, which makes its early identification clinically important. An easy method for identification of subjects with autonomic dysfunction would be of clinical benefit. We evaluated the autonomic function in 28 diabetic patients and 21 control subjects recording 12 min time series of heart period (RR) and systolic arterial pressure (SAP, Finapres) during supine rest and 60 degrees head-up tilt. The power of the high (respiratory) and low (LF approximately 0.1 Hz) frequency oscillations was quantified by spectral analysis. The central frequency of the LF oscillations (LF_freq), phase shift, and the transfer function gain between RR interval and SAP fluctuations were provided by cross-spectral analysis, and measured at the point of maximal coherence. In the supine position 15 patients (LF-) displayed atypical LF variability with the LF_freq being shifted towards lower frequencies (about 0.06 Hz). They also showed larger phase angle, lower values or even absence of coherence and smaller transfer function gain between RR and SAP fluctuations. 13 patients (LF+) and the controls showed the LF_freq around 0.1 Hz, higher coherence and transfer function gain values. The orthostatic maneuver induced the expected changes in the spectral parameters (increase in the LF components of both RR and SAP and decrease in the HF variability of RR) into the LF+ patients and all the control subjects and abnormal response in the other 15 LF-patients. These findings indicate that diabetic subjects with uncharacteristic response to the orthostatic test present abnormal LF variability already in the supine position. Crossspectral parameters while supine may be used for the identification of these subjects. | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Abstracts"
} |
Elías Contreras
Elías Contreras (born 7 March 1997) is an Argentine professional footballer who plays as a right midfielder for Brown de Adrogué, on loan from Independiente.
Career
Contreras' career started in the youth academy of Independiente. He signed his first professional contract with them in July 2018. On 26 June 2019, Primera B Nacional side Brown announced a loan deal had been agreed for Contreras. He made his professional debut in their 2019–20 league opener against Atlético de Rafaela on 17 August, as he replaced Fernando Enrique for the final twelve minutes of a 1–1 draw.
Career statistics
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References
External links
Category:1997 births
Category:Living people
Category:Sportspeople from Santa Fe, Argentina
Category:Argentine footballers
Category:Association football midfielders
Category:Primera B Nacional players
Category:Club Atlético Independiente footballers
Category:Club Atlético Brown footballers | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
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Phantom flashes caused by interactions across visual space.
Studies regarding the effects of context on the perception of a visual target's temporal properties have generally addressed the cross-modal integration of auditory context, within a functional or ecological (e.g., Bayesian) framework. A deeper understanding of contextual effects in temporal vision may be gained by drawing connections with the rich models of signal processing developed in the field of spatial vision. To bridge this gap, we investigate a purely visual version of the cross-modal "double-flash" illusion (L. Shams, Y. Kamitani, & S. Shimojo, 2000; J. T. Wilson & W. Singer, 1981). Here, a single target flash can be perceived as several flashes if it is presented in the context of multiple visual inducers. This effect is robust across conditions where the target and inducers are of opposite contrast polarity, in different hemifields, are non-collinear, are presented dichoptically, or are high-frequency Gabor patches. The effect diminishes when target-inducer distance is increased or when the target is moved toward the fovea. When the target is foveated, the effect can still be recovered if the inducers are placed at 3° distance. Finally, we find that multiple target flashes are not "merged" into a smaller number of perceived flashes when presented with singular inducers. These results suggest a cortical mechanism based on isotropic propagation of transient signals or possibly based on higher level event detection. Finally, we find that multiple target flashes are not "merged" into a smaller number of perceived flashes when presented with singular inducers. These results suggest a mechanism based on the propagation of transient signals and argue against the relevance of the cue integration model developed for the cross-modal version of the effect. | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Abstracts"
} |
Coordinated expression of sulfate uptake and components of the sulfate assimilatory pathway in maize.
A high-affinity-type sulfate transporter (Group 1: ZmST1;1, Accession No. AF355602) has been cloned from maize seedlings by RT-PCR. Tissue and cell specific localisation of this sulfate transporter has been determined along the developmental gradient of the root and in leaves of different ages. In S-sufficient conditions there was uniform low expression of ZmST1;1 in the root and very low expression in the leaves. Increased mRNA abundance and sulfate influx capacity indicated that S-starvation increased ZmST1;1 expression in roots, especially at the top of the root (just behind the seed, the area possessing most laterals and root hairs) compared to the root tip. Similarly a group 2, probable low affinity-type sulfate transporter, ZmST2;1, and also ATP-sulfurylase and APS-reductase but not OAS(thiol)lyase were induced by S-starvation and showed highest expression in the upper section of the root. S-starvation increased root/shoot ratio by 20 % and increased root lateral length and abundance in the region closest to the root tip. As the increase in root proliferation was not as great as the increase in mRNA pools, it was clear that there was a higher cellular abundance of the mRNAs for sulfate transporters, ATP-sulfurylase, and APS-reductase in response to sulfur starvation. In the leaves, the sulfate transporters, ATP-sulfurylase and APS-reductase were induced by S-starvation with the most mature leaf showing increased mRNA abundance first. In situ hybridization indicated that ZmST1;1 was expressed in epidermal and endodermal cell layers throughout the root whilst OAS(thiol)lyase was highly expressed in the root cortex. | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Abstracts"
} |
The investment was the investor’s second investment in the startup following the startup’s USD 3 million Series A round in August 2013. Gornitzky (Yisrael Spero (Partner, Corporate M&A) and Avi Meer) represented the investor in the Series A round. | {
"pile_set_name": "Pile-CC"
} |
Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a treatment instrument for an endoscope used in combination with an endoscope having a raising base formed at a distal end section of a channel, and an endoscope system including the treatment instrument for the endoscope.
Description of Related Art
When an endoscope is used to remove bile duct stones, since the duodenal papilla as an outlet port of the bile duct is narrowed, the stones may not be discharged as they are. In this case, the sphincter muscles are incised and the outlet port of the bile duct is widened to extract the stones with the treatment instrument for the endoscope passing through the endoscope, for example, a papillotome or the like as disclosed in Japanese Unexamined Patent Application, First Publication No. 2005-334000 and U.S. Pat. No. 7,371,237.
Since a position of a headband fold substantially coincides with a direction in which the bile duct extends around the duodenal papilla and the direction causes the blood vessel to be narrowed and the blood vessel does not easily bleed, in general, incision of the sphincter muscles is performed in the direction of the headband fold.
Here, in an endoscope appropriate for treatment of the liver and pancreas, when the endoscope is inserted into the duodenum to acquire an endoscope image, an image in which the bile duct is directed in substantially a twelve-o'clock direction is obtained. In such an endoscope, a raising base capable of elevating the papillotome in the twelve-o'clock direction is installed. Further, even in the papillotome used for incision of the sphincter muscles, when the papillotome protrudes from a distal end of the endoscope for the liver and pancreas, the papillotome is manufactured such that a direction of a knife portion (a treatment section) is automatically directed in substantially the twelve-o'clock direction of the endoscope screen.
Upon incision, the knife portion of the papillotome is stretched through manipulation of a near side. The knife portion is spaced apart from a sheath (a sheath section) and only the knife portion is pushed against the duodenal papilla. Accordingly, a large pressure occurs between the knife portion and a mucous membrane of the incised portion. When the raising base is driven while supplying electricity to the knife portion, a distal end of the papillotome is moved in the twelve-o'clock direction and the duodenal papilla is incised.
When the bile duct has a morphological feature or the like, when peripheral organs such as the duodenum or the like are narrowed, when a patient has received a surgical operation on a peripheral organ such as the duodenum or the like in the past, or the like, the direction of the bile duct in the vicinity of the duodenal papilla may be different from the twelve-o'clock direction of the endoscope screen.
Here, the papillotome of the related art is provided to easily perform the incision even in a direction other than the twelve-o'clock direction on the endoscope screen, and a torque transmission member configured to transmit a rotational torque from a hand is installed. Accordingly, the papillotome is configured to transmit a rotational torque for turning a proximal end side of the sheath about an axis to a distal end of the knife portion. | {
"pile_set_name": "USPTO Backgrounds"
} |
This invention generally relates to motor-compressor units, and more specifically to motor-compressor units employing a yoke and a slide block to transmit motion from a compressor crankshaft to a pair of opposed compressor pistons, and to a yoke and slide block combination especially well suited for use in certain motor-compressor units.
The utilization of hermetically and semi-hermetically sealed motor-compressor units has become increasingly prevelant in recent years, particularly in refrigeration applications where the motor-compressor units are employed to compress refrigerant vapor. Typically, a motor-compressor unit includes a compressor, a motor, and a shell enclosing both the compressor and the motor; and the compressor, in turn, includes a rotatable crankshaft and a plurality of pistons, with each piston connected to the crankshaft via a conventional wrist pin and connecting arm. In operation, the shell is filled with low pressure suction vapor, the motor is employed to rotate the compressor crankshaft, and rotation of the crankshaft reciprocates the compressor pistons via the wrist pins and connecting arms. Reciprocating movement of the compressor pistons draws the low pressure vapor into the compressor, compresses the vapor, and then directs the vapor into a high pressure discharge line that conducts the compressed vapor from the compresor and through the shell of the motor-compressor unit.
While these conventional prior art motor-compressor units operate very satisfactory under a wide variety of circumstances, efforts have continuously been made to improve the efficiency of motor-compressor units, and recently these efforts have resulted in the design of a revolutionary new type of motor-compressor unit having, inter alia, a large central region which, during operation, is filled with high pressure, compressed vapor. During the development of this new motor-compressor unit, it was learned that when the conventional wrist pin-connecting arm arrangement is used to connect the compressor pistons with the compressor crankshaft, under certain circumstances, the wrist pins are not lubricated as easily as or to the extent desired. For this reason, the new type of motor-compressor unit is provided with a yoke and a slide block to connect and to transmit motion from the compressor crankshaft to the compressor pistons.
Providing the new type of motor-compressor unit with prior art yoke-slide block arrangements, however, involves a perplexing dilemma. To elaborate, to reduce the cost and improve the performance of the motor-compressor unit, it is desirable to use a comparatively small, low mass yoke; and this may be done by employing a yoke having two, opposed, closed longitudinal sides and two, opposed, open transverse sides. In assembly, the compressor pistons are connected to the closed sides of the yoke and a slide block is supported by the yoke for longitudinal movement through the open sides thereof. Such a yoke, often referred to as an open yoke, does not limit longitudinal movement of the slide block, allowing the use of a compact, light weight yoke.
With the new type of motor-compressor unit outlined above, the high pressure vapor in the central region of the motor-compressor unit urges the compressor pistons outward. When prior art open yokes are employed with this new type of motor-compressor unit, the forces urging the pistons outward tend to bend the closed sides of the yoke outward. This bending may cause the pistons connected to the yoke to bind against adjacent surfaces of the compressor, increasing the frictional forces therebetween and otherwise adversely affecting performance of the motor-compressor unit. Of course, this bending can be inhibited by employing a yoke having four closed sides or by employing a more massive, stronger yoke; but doing this increases the size, inertia, and cost of the yoke. | {
"pile_set_name": "USPTO Backgrounds"
} |
Blogroll
The first Delft qubit
Difficulty
By Hans Mooij
Introduction
When did we have our first quantum bit? To answer, one needs to agree on the definition. When does a two-level system become a qubit? In my view, only when coherent quantum dynamics is demonstrated. In the summer of 2002, Rabi oscillations of a superconducting flux qubit were observed in our laboratory. They were published in Science [1]; the primary authors were Irinel Chiorescu (postdoc, now professor at Florida State University) and Yasunobu Nakamura (on sabbatical from NEC Japan, now professor at University of Tokyo). As we all know, much has happened in the years after. Here I want to describe what happened before. How did we come to this point? I concentrate on my personal story and on superconducting circuits. In our Quantum Transport group we had the parallel research line on semiconductor quantum dots by Leo Kouwenhoven and his people that led to our first spin qubit in 2006.
Developing a quantum bit was not a goal for the international communities of research on small Josephson junctions or semiconductor quantum dots until late in the nineties. We studied quantum effects in fabricated nanostructures for their own interest and for application in new devices. In 1995 very few people in our field had even heard of quantum bits and quantum computers. Quantum information processing was studied in single optical photon circuits, trapped ions and atoms, as well as in nuclear magnetic resonance on many identical molecules. Solid-state circuits were considered too messy; they had too many uncontrolled degrees of freedom. Among ourselves, some of us started to discuss whether a solid-state quantum bit was completely out of the question.
I can pinpoint my own entrance in the quantum information area. In the summer of 1996 I spent two months in Santa Barbara at the ITP (Institute of Theoretical Physics, not yet Kavli) in a program on quantum computing and quantum coherence moderated by Wojciek Zurek and David DiVincenzo. I learned the language and had to strain my brains to understand what was going on. These were exciting times for quantum information. With Grover’s and Shor’s search and factorization algorithms it had become clear that a quantum computer could do things beyond the reach of any classical computer. The very recent discovery of error correction made it possible to think that a practical quantum computer could be built. I was an outsider there and knew very few people, but I was welcomed and helped. In particular Seth Lloyd and Ike Chuang (still a PhD student at that time) took me under their wings. I gave a talk at the meeting on the possibility of using charge states in Cooper pair boxes as quantum bits. As usual, preparing a talk helped me to understand my subject but I do not think that I convinced many people. I remember that Murray Gell-Mann (co-inventor of the Standard Model) asked the question why in the world one would try to do this.
Quantum effects in superconducting circuits
Our Quantum Transport group in Delft had been studying quantum effects in small fabricated structures for considerable time. At the end of the eighties, submicron fabrication had turned over into nanofabrication; controlled dimensions of around 50 nm were in reach for some industry and university groups. In Delft there was a strong particle optics group. It had initiated a Center for Submicron Technology with a professional electron beam pattern generator (EBPG). Once it worked, they had no clear ideas what to do with it but we jumped in with pleasure. At the same time, we bought our first dilution refrigerator (the Oxford S200 that is now on display in the B-wing hallway) and our bath temperature came down from 300 mK to 10 mK. The combination led to our first experiments on single electron devices. These were metallic tunnel junction circuits, fabricated with shadow evaporation. Aluminum was used and superconductivity was killed by a 1 tesla field. We collaborated closely with the Saclay group of Michel Devoret and Daniel Estève. The first PhD student in this area (Bart Geerligs) made a turnstile device that allowed controlled transmission of one, two or three electrons for each cycle of a microwave signal. In all these experiments, the islands contained more than a billion electrons, each occupying its own quantum state. Of course, a bit later, we switched off the magnetic field and looked at transport in the superconducting state. We expected to see Coulomb blockade at twice the voltage, but much more happened. Many sharp peaks appeared. In hindsight, we ran into resonances between the states of the Cooper pair condensate and modes in the environment.
We and other experimental groups were moving forward like persons in a dark room. In theory there were some attempts towards a quantum description of Josephson elements, but the actors did not agree and there was no feedback from experiments. Very famous theorists in solid-state physics and in superconductivity told us that what we tried was impossible. They explained that an aluminum island of a square micrometer had too many bulk and surface states, and that the difference between confined core electrons and conduction electrons was arbitrary. We would never see single electron states. In superconductivity things should be even worse. The BCS concept of Cooper pairs that occupied electron states in a vaguely defined range around the Fermi surface was maybe adequate to explain certain macroscopic properties, but not applicable on the single Cooper pair level. A loop as we used in the flux qubit was far too big for quantum mechanics to apply. Absolutely impossible. I myself worked from a naive, intuitive, experimental approach. Every new result in Delft or elsewhere encouraged us to try something else to see how far we could go.
The very first experimental indication for quantum behavior of a Josephson junction came from the group of John Clarke at Berkeley in 1985 [2]. Michel Devoret and John Martinis measured the escape from the zero-voltage state of a current-biased Josephson junction while microwaves were applied. It was seen to be in accordance with excitation from a quantum state rather than from a classical resonance. Tony Leggett [3] developed the theoretical framework to understand and describe the interaction with a messy multi-mode environment, which in turn helped to engineer that environment with cooled filters. In all the groups that worked on superconducting quantum objects a very large fraction of the effort was devoted to the systematic suppression of decoherence mechanisms. Filtering of the connecting lines, shielding of radiation and in general the systematic design and construction of all circuits was essential. Superconductivity lives in the condensate of paired electrons, called Cooper pairs. It took years for the various groups working in the charge regime to get to the stage where single electrons were suppressed and only Cooper pairs counted. In our field there was an excellent open spirit of collaboration to the mutual benefit. Ideas were shared and results communicated.
Left: Single electron transistor (SET). The island is defined by the barriers of the two tunnel junctions and the gate capacitor. Adding one electron to the island carries an energy e2/2Ctot and can only be overcome when V is large enough (Coulomb blockade). Right: Cooper pair box. The charge is measured on the island between the bias capacitor and the Josephson junction by menas of an SET
In the years around 1990 several groups (including Delft) fabricated and studied small Josephson junctions. These junctions are characterized with the energy it costs to add a Cooper pair with charge 2e to an island between junctions (the charging energy EC=4e2/2C) and the strength of the tunnel coupling (the Josephson energy EJ). To reach the quantum regime one needs a charging energy that equals or exceeds EJ. In 1989 we published a paper [4] on two-dimensional arrays of junctions with varying EC/EJ ratio. At low temperatures the high EC/EJ samples became insulating, with low EC/EJ superconducting. This was in fact a quantum phase transition. The arrays were easier than single or double junctions, because the environment had little effect. We also studied double junctions and linear arrays[5]. The double junction in the single electron regime was called the single electron transistor (SET); in the superconducting state this became the SSET. The Tinkham group at Harvard [6] demonstrated beautiful 2e-periodicity as a function of the gate charge in an SSET up to 300 mK. The Quantronics group (avant la lettre) in Saclay confirmed this [7]. Several years later that group performed a beautiful experiment on a Cooper pair box, a gated island with capacitive coupling to an electrometer. They demonstrated the existence of a superposition between two charge states on the island [8].
Heisenberg sample. The transport supercurrent through the Coulomb-blockaded superconducting island increases strongly when phase fluctuations are suppressed. The charging energy of the island that is defined by four junction barriers does not change with the flux.
The experiment that convinced me deep inside that a Josephson circuit could be “quantum” was done in 1994 in our group. It was performed by two PhD students: Wiveka Elion and Marco Matters [9]. They made a sample as indicated in the figure. Our goal was to investigate Cooper pair transport through a low capacitance island under Coulomb blockade conditions, while we could vary the environment in situ. We expected a minor modification of the current-voltage characteristic near zero voltage. The measurement yielded a much stronger effect, a very clear modulation of the supercurrent through the device. This supercurrent is leakage through the Coulomb blockade but the charging energy is not influenced by the flux in the SQUID. Once you accept quantum behavior, the effect is easy to explain. In quantum mechanics the Heisenberg uncertainty between position and velocity is well known. If position is measured with a very high accuracy,it inevitably leads to a large uncertainty in the velocity. A similar Heisenberg relation exists for charge (number of Cooper pairs) and phase in a superconductor. When the Josephson energy of the SQUID is high, fluctuations of the island phase are suppressed. Heisenberg tells us that fluctuations of the charge must increase. We later made a special sample where we could also influence the charge by means of a gate. The results were perfectly in line with quantum calculations.
Flux qubit phase 1, design and spectroscopic measurement
From the experiments in Delft and elsewhere it became clear that the charge noise in small junction circuits is very large. In contrast, flux states in loops are much cleaner, due to the absence in nature of magnetic monopoles. We had done a long series of experiments on quantum properties of vortices in Josephson junction arrays. A vortex or fluxoid in these circuits is a local singularity in the phase surrounded by a circulating current. Such a vortex has macroscopic dimensions, but from previous experiments we had learned that it could behave as a quantum particle to a certain extent. Once we started thinking seriously about Josephson qubits it was logical for us to choose this direction. The equivalent of the Cooper pair box in this regime is a single closed loop with a weak junction that allows the tunneling in and out of a vortex. If the loop is biased with half a magnetic flux quantum, states with zero and one vortex have the same energy. The accompanying persistent currents have opposite directions. This could perhaps become the flux qubit. It sounds reasonable now, but tunneling of a macroscopic object such as a vortex was not known or even accepted.
Until that time all measurements in our group were done in transport, applying a current and measuring the voltage or vice versa (hence the name Quantum Transport). For a qubit one needed a static measurement on a single object. Measurement and operation by circuit quantum electrodynamics started only many years later. For measurements on the flux qubit we used a sensitive SQUID that could measure the persistent currents in the qubit by inductive coupling.
I had many administrative duties in those years. To give me some room for research I was offered the possibility to spend time at MIT. I went there three months per year in 1998, 1999 and 2000. I joined the group of Terry Orlando. I knew him from Stanford and he had been in Delft for a sabbatical. I also talked much with Seth Lloyd, to learn more about quantum computing. In 1999 at MIT we worked out a serious design for a flux qubit. For the calculation of the tunneling rates we had help from Leonid Levitov. We published the design in Science in 2000 [10]. Caspar van der Wal, now professor in Groningen, was the PhD student in Delft who was involved from a distance (we had email by that time). The design called for a closed loop with three or four junctions. One of them is smaller to allow the phase to slip (the vortex to cross), the others provide enough inductance to stabilize the two states. We could do the quantum calculation of the tunneling rates and the numbers looked practical for the junctions that we could fabricate. Terry Orlando wrote a follow-up paper with more extensive explanations [11].
Design of the flux qubit [10]. Left: circuit with three junctions and applied flux. The two lowest energy states have persistent currents in opposite directions. Middle: energy landscape in 2D phase space; dark spots have low energy. Right: tunnel trajectories between minima. When one junction is smaller than the others, the tunnel barrier for the blue trajectory is higher than for the red. If only red tunneling is possible, the influence of charge noise is smaller.In Delft, Caspar went to work to fabricate the flux qubit as designed. We knew the numbers required and we had the technology. The sample was a three-junction loop with a SQUID tightly around it. Obviously, it was essential to reduce as much as possible all decoherence that the SQUID circuitry brought in. It took Caspar about a year to create a sample where the tunnel strength was strong enough to induce a visible gap in the energy spectrum. The tunnel splitting at a flux bias of exactly half a flux quantum could not be seen directly because in both the symmetric and the antisymmetric superposition states the SQUID signal was zero. By extrapolation from spectroscopic data away from the symmetry point we could establish the presence of an avoided crossing of about 0.7 GHz. The two underlying classical states had a persistent current of plus or minus 0.5 µA. We published the results in Science, with the title “Quantum superposition of macroscopic persistent-current states” [12].
Spectroscopic measurement on flux qubit [12]. Left: sample with SQUID around the qubit loop with three junctions. Middle: sweep of the flux around half a flux quantum. The step indicates the transition from left- to right-handed pesistent current. Microwave are applied at different frequencies, resulting in peaks where the energy difference corresponds to the frequency. Right: plot of the observed energy difference versus flux. Data points extrapolate to a gap of 0.7 GHz at Φ0/2.A few months before, the Lukens group at Stony Brook published a paper in Nature with a very similar title [13]. Their sample had a large loop with one junction that could be tuned by means of a magnetic flux. They observed a superposition of the 3rd state in the potential well below half a flux quantum with the 6th state in the other well. The two papers drew much attention; they were discussed intensely at the APS March meeting of spring 2000 even before our paper came out. This was not so much because of quantum computing (the Stony Brook sample was certainly not suitable for that), but because of the macroscopic nature of the quantum object. In a Cooper pair box the actual tunneling is done by one Cooper pair. In the flux loops, billions of Cooper pairs reverse direction when the state is flipped. The current is macroscopic. This felt like a Schrödinger cat, and indeed the accompanying introductions in Nature (Stony Brook) and Science (Delft) had the titles: “Schrödinger’s cat is now fat”, and “Schrödinger’s cat is out of the hat”, respectively. We had many discussions about this, but our point of view was that our system had only one degree of freedom. No cat.
Developments outside Delft
During my time at MIT in 1999 we were surprised by a thunderbolt from Japan. The NEC group of Tsai and Nakamura submitted a paper to Nature titled “Coherent control of macroscopic quantum states in a single-Cooper-pair box” [14]. Normally speaking we knew everything that was going on in the labs of the groups in our field well before it was published. The NEC group was certainly known but more distant, not only literally. They had managed to perform a fantastic experiment where a two-state Cooper pair box was driven from the ground state with a gate signal of varying amplitude, ending up in the excited state for a certain fraction. They had beaten the short coherence time (2 ns) by using a superfast signal generator allowing shaped DC pulses of 100 ps. It was not quite a qubit yet, but it was certainly very close. A bit later they observed clear Rabi oscillations [15].
It was clear that the straightforward charge qubit would not be the best solution for a practical qubit, due to the strong charge noise. The Quantronics group came up with a modified charge-phase qubit that they called the quantronium [16]. It has a charge island that is part of a closed loop with two small junctions on either side and one large junction. The large junction is used for readout by a transport current. Coherence is optimal when both the charge on the island and the flux in the loop are tuned to a “sweet spot”. The Martinis group, still at NIST in Colorado, developed the phase qubit [17], which utilized two levels in the potential well of a current-biased large Josephson junction. Both these new qubits became operational in the year before we demonstrated Rabi oscillations in our flux qubit.
I should perhaps comment on the names. In all superconducting quantum systems both phase and charge are important. The NIST phase qubit was based on an energy oscillation between Coulomb charging energy and Josephson phase energy. In our qubit, the magnetic flux generated by the persistent currents is a small fraction of a flux quantum and the name flux qubit is misleading. I would have liked to stick to our original name persistent-current qubit. However, history and public opinion have decided otherwise
Flux qubit phase 2, coherent quantum dynamics
After the APS March meeting in 2000 where the news of the quantum superposition states of macroscopic SQUID rings in Stony Brook and Delft came available, Science published an editorial note about it [18]. It gave a description of the results and expressed the hope that this could be a very good basis for a qubit. However, at the end Eli Yablonovich was quoted saying that “SQUID researchers face the same daunting challenge as others trying to develop practical qubits: preserving the mixed quantum states in a hostile world.
Yasunobu Nakamura and Irinel Chiorescu at the controls in room F014.
They‘ve got to get down in the trenches with the rest of us to solve that problem”. This is what we experienced in the following two years. Caspar left to the Lukin group at Harvard and from there to Groningen. New people came in to optimize our sample and our experimental setup. Irinel Chiorescu had obtained his PhD with Barbara in Grenoble before he joined us in 2000. He had to learn our fabrication and measurement techniques. He exhibited tremendous pushing power. Kees Harmans switched from semiconductors to superconductors. Yasunobu Nakamura came from NEC for a year’s sabbatical with us in 2001-2002. He brought all his experience and insight with him. Yasu hoped with us that the flux qubit would have better coherence than the charge qubit. He worked out the new design with a SQUID in direct galvanic contact to achieve a strong measuring signal. Much care was taken to reduce the back-action from the SQUID circuit.
First Delft qubit. Top: circuit and driving signals. Bottom: actual sample. The qubit loop is the small loop with the three small junctions. Shadow evaporation creates multiple patterns that are shifted horizontally. The measuring SQUID is formed by the larger loop with two large junctions. The coupling between SQUID and qubit is strong because they share part of their loops. The SQUID resonance frequency is brought down by means of two very large capacitances of 5 pF.
Many improvements were made to the set-up. In May 2002 I was driving back from a short vacation in northern France when I received a phone call from Irinel, telling me that they had observed clear Rabi oscillations. It was an important moment. After I came back we improved the data and wrote the paper that was submitted to Science [1]. The flux qubit was born. When our paper was published, it was accompanied by a Perspectives paper titled “Flux qubit completes the hat trick” written by John Clarke. The superconducting qubit community had three complementary qubits at its disposal: charge, phase and flux qubits.
Rabi oscillations. Left: PR picture of the sample with schematic indication of the persistent currents of the two classical states. right: switching probability of the SQUID after microwave pulses have been applied, as a function of the pulse length. From bottom to top the microwave amplitude increases.
The flux qubit in later perspective
A few concluding remarks can be made. The flux qubit worked quite well. The coherence times were similar to those of the quantronium and phase qubits, around 1 microsecond. The two levels that are used for the qubit are well separated from the third level, which makes very fast excitation possible. Coupling to a second qubit can be made strong. We developed the first superconducting controlled-not gate [20]. We could also realize ultra-strong coupling to a harmonic oscillator and observe the Bloch-Siegert shift [21]. We realized a practical way to control the qubit level splitting on a ns time scale [22]. After my retirement our work on flux qubits stopped. In other places flux qubits have been made with coherence times around 100 microseconds [23].
In 2007 the transmon came along which is a degenerate version of the Cooper pair box. The Josephson energy is made much larger than the charging energy to suppress the influence of charge noise. At this time the transmon is the prevailing superconducting qubit for quantum computer applications. Transmons are used also in Delft in the new team headed by Leo DiCarlo.
About the Author:
Hans Mooij started in the predecessor of the Quantum Transport group in 1971, he was appointed as professor in 1980. He worked on superconducting electronic systems, gradually focussing on quantum aspects. He retired gradually, starting 2006. | {
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Hyun Kil-un
Hyun Kil-Un (Hangul: 현길언) is a Jeju Island-based South Korean writer.
Life
Hyun Kil-Un was born on February 17, 1940, on Jeju-do Korea. Hyun graduated from Jeju University and then Hanyang University's Graduate School. Hyun is currently a professor of Korean Language and Literature at Hanyang University.
Work
Hyun's work can not be separated from his birthplace, Jejeu-do, the largest island of Korea. Hyun's Jeju-do was not a vacation destination, but the land of the first mass rebellion after the Korean national division. Hyun visits and re-visits the events of the time, and the scars that they caused.
The stories contained in his first collection, The Dream of Pegasus (Yongma ui kkum, 1984), deal specifically with the traumatic historical event remembered as “April 3rd Uprising”, in which masses of ordinary civilians were slaughtered by the police in an attempt to rout communists. Hyun tries to reinvestigate this event and properly mourn the death of innocent people in order to console their hovering spirits. Often it is the unique customs and folklore of Jeju Island that suggests a way toward healing: “The Journal of Gwangjeong Pavilion” (Gwangjeong dang gi, ) and “Ceremony on the Last Day of the Month” utilize the traditional legend of a “strong woman” to describe the hope people of Jeju harbor for the return of a hero who will save them from the tyranny of politicians and bureaucrats. Hyun has also been concerned with ideological or historical distortions of truth. Private truth is to be privileged over official accounts; The Skin and the Inner Flesh (Kkeop-jil gwa soksal, 1993) employs the sustained metaphor of surface and depth to characterize the relationship between official, often ideologically manipulated versions of “truth” and enduring human truths buried beneath. It is precisely these surface distortions or historical fallacies that he seeks to expose in “Fever” (Sinyeol) and “A Strange Tie” (Isanghan kkeun).
Works in Translation
Dead Silence and Other Stories of the Jeju massacre (현길언 단편선)
LA VILLE GRISE (회색도시)
Works in Korean (Partial)
Story Collections
The Dream of Pegasus, Biographies of Our Age (Uri sidae ui yeoljeon, 1984)
Rainbow Must Have Seven Colors to be Beautiful (Mujigae neun ilgopsaek i-eoseo areum dapta, 1989)
At Betrayal's End (Baeban ui kkeut, 1993)
Novels
Woman's River (Yeoja ui gang, 1992)
A Gray City (Hoesaek dosi, 1993)
Halla Mountain (Hallasan, 1994)
Critical Studies
Analytical Understanding of Korean Novels and Theory and Practice: Fictional Works of Hyeon Jingeon.
Awards
1985 Nogwon Literary Prize
1990 Contemporary Literature Prize
1992 Republic of Korea Literary Honor
References
Category:1940 births
Category:Korean writers
Category:Living people | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
} |
458 S.W.2d 234 (1970)
CHICAGO, ROCK ISLAND AND PACIFIC RAILROAD COMPANY et al., Appellants,
v.
SOUTHERN PACIFIC COMPANY, Appellee.
No. 15640.
Court of Civil Appeals of Texas, Houston (1st Dist.).
July 23, 1970.
Rehearing Denied October 8, 1970.
Brown & Haden, Charles M. Haden, Harry L. Tindall, Houston, for appellants.
Baker, Botts, Shepherd & Coates, Walter E. Workman, Houston, for appellee.
COLEMAN, Justice.
This is an appeal from an order granting a voluntary non-suit. The judgment of the trial court is affirmed.
*235 Appellee's point that the appeal should be dismissed for want of jurisdiction is denied. Appellants' motion to vacate the order of dismissal, filed on January 6, 1970, and the supplemental motion to set aside the order, filed January 8, 1970, were in legal effect a motion for new trial, and an amended motion for new trial. The prayer in each instance was that the trial court set aside the order of dismissal and that the case be ordered to trial on the merits. Nalle v. Eaves, 5 S.W.2d 500 (Tex. Comm.App.1928); Green v. Green, 288 S. W. 406 (Tex.Com.App.1926); Stuart v. City of Houston, 419 S.W.2d 702 (Tex.Civ. App.-Houston 14th Dist. 1967, error ref., n. r. e.). So considered, the appeal has been properly perfected.
Appellee instituted this suit to temporarily enjoin Harris County Houston Ship Channel Navigation District and certain railroads, members of the Port Terminal Railroad Association, from interfering with its reinstallation of a crossing frog at the intersection of Southern Pacific track 313 and the Navigation District's railroad track, and for a permanent injunction prohibiting the defendants from interfering with its use and operation of the crossing frog after its installation.
After a lengthy hearing the trial court granted the temporary injunction by an order, dated December 10, 1969, including these words: "* * * and this injunction is entered upon instructions to all parties that trial on the merits shall proceed without undue delay."
On the same day a motion for preferential setting was filed requesting that the case be set for trial on the merits for the week of January 5, 1970. No appeal was taken from the temporary injunction. Appellee installed the crossing frog. When the case was called for trial, all parties announced ready. Appellants presented certain motions in limine which were sustained. Before the trial proceeded further, appellee announced that it was taking a non-suit. Thereafter the trial court entered its order dismissing the case.
Rule 164, Texas Rules of Civil Procedure, grants the plaintiff the right to take a non-suit at any time before the trial court announces his decision in a non-jury case. It also provides that "he shall not thereby prejudice the right of an adverse party to be heard on his claim for affirmative relief." The rule is to be liberally construed. Smith v. Columbian Carbon Co., 145 Tex. 478, 198 S.W.2d 727 (1947). The right to take a non-suit is absolute and cannot be denied. Brooks v. O'Connor, 120 Tex. 121, 39 S.W.2d 22 (1931).
Appellants seek to invoke the rule set out in 24 Am.Jur.2d, Dismissal, § 9, reading: "Generally the plaintiff does not have the right to voluntarily terminate his suit if to do so would put the defendant at an unjust disadvantage or to unnecessary expense or inconvenience * * *."
Appellants point out that had the non-suit been refused the burden of proof would have rested on appellee at the trial on the merits, but that, if the dismissal is upheld, appellants must either resort to the perilous route of self-help, or must institute new legal proceedings and await their turn on a lengthy trial docket.
The quotation from American Jurisprudence finds no support in Texas cases. The mere fact that a temporary injunction has been issued does not prevent the plaintiff from taking a non-suit. Payne v. Nichols, 176 S.W.2d 961 (Tex. Civ.App.-Galveston 1944, error ref.); Magnolia Petroleum Co. v. Blankenship, 70 S.W.2d 258 (Tex.Civ.App.-Austin 1934).
The pleadings filed by appellants are defensive. No cross-action or counterclaim was set up, and no form of affirmative relief was requested. The fact that appellants must institute new legal proceedings and await their turn on the trial docket will not justify this court in limiting the right to a non-suit granted to plaintiffs by Rule 164 as interpreted by the Supreme Court of this State. Thomason v. Sherrill, 118 Tex. 44, 10 S.W.2d 687 (1928).
*236 In the absence of a plea for affirmative relief on part of appellants, the trial court did not err in granting appellee's motion for a non-suit and in dismissing the entire case. Thumann v. Cooper Land Company, 405 S.W.2d 791 (Tex.Civ.App.-Eastland 1966).
Affirmed.
| {
"pile_set_name": "FreeLaw"
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Shortened telomere length in white blood cells of patients with IDDM.
IDDM is a polygenic and autoimmune disorder in which subsets of white blood cells (WBCs) are engaged in the destruction of beta-cells of the pancreas. The mechanisms that account for the abnormal behavior of these cells in IDDM are not fully understood. By measuring the mean length of telomeres of WBCs from patients with IDDM, we tested the concept that telomeres might play a role in IDDM. We examined the lengths of the terminal restriction fragments (TRFs) of DNA of WBCs from 234 white men comprising 54 patients with IDDM, 74 patients with NIDDM, and 106 control subjects. When adjusted for age, the TRF length from WBCs of patients with IDDM was significantly shorter than that of nondiabetic control subjects (mean +/- SE: 8.6 +/- 0.1 vs. 9.2 +/- 0.1, P = 0.002). No significant difference was observed between the TRF length from WBCs of patients with NIDDM versus nondiabetic subjects. Neither the duration nor the complications of IDDM (i.e., nephropathy and hypertension) had an effect on the TRF length of WBCs from patients with IDDM. The shortened TRF length of WBCs of patients with IDDM likely reflects a marked reduction in the TRF length of subsets of WBCs that play a role in the pathogenesis of IDDM. | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Abstracts"
} |
Q:
Query that finds the oldest driver
Given two tables:
driver=(d_id,name,gender,birthday,address,country)
event_list=(o_id,d_id,odate,oplace)
The event list table represent the driving violations of the driver , o_id is the violation number(id), d_id is the driver id, odate is the date of the violation
The driver table represent the driver details, the birthday is the year of the birth e.g 1992
Write query that finds the name and the birth yaer of the oldest driver that have made at least one violation that lives in Haifa
My attempt:
SELECT DISTINCT name, birthday
FROM driver INNER JOIN event_list ON driver.d_id=event_list.d_id
GROUP BY name, birthday,address
HAVING MIN(birthday) AND driver.address='haifa';
I have a problem with the minimum, the output is all the drivers that have made at least one violation that living in Haifa, but all of them, not the oldest one, how can I improve my code? I need only the oldest.
A:
Try this code:
SELECT TOP 1 name, birthday
FROM driver
INNER JOIN event_list ON driver.d_id=event_list.d_id
WHERE driver.address='haifa'
ORDER BY birthday;
| {
"pile_set_name": "StackExchange"
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A research approach to simplifying the accrediting process of allied health programs.
The operationalization and quantification of selected measures of effectiveness and their application to 25 allied health departments in junior and community colleges is described. Principal results are that the 34 measures of effectiveness suggested by experts' opinions could be reduced to 14 criteria. These could be combined into two indices of effectiveness, one of instructional effectiveness and one of administrative effectiveness. The results hold promise for simplification of the accrediting process. Part I of this article appeared in the February 1984 issue of JAH. | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Abstracts"
} |
22q11 deletion syndrome: is that what they used to call . . . ?
22q11 deletion syndrome (22q11DS) is a very common, but commonly overlooked, disorder that has many variable features, such as serious heart defects, speech and articulation problems, immune compromise, learning problems, pervasive developmental disorders, and a late appearing phenotype of this condition--mental illness. Persons with 22q11DS are likely to be medically complex patients with pervasive developmental disorders and late appearing mental problems. Establishing this diagnosis is useful to families and healthcare providers to anticipate and address immediate and future issues surrounding health promotion, disease prevention, and health maintenance. | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Abstracts"
} |
Percutaneous coronary interventions in Europe 2000.
The purpose of this registry is to collect data on trends in interventional cardiology within Europe. Special interest focuses on relative increases and ratios in newer revascularization approaches and its distribution in different regions in Europe. Questionnaires distributed to delegates of the national societies of cardiology represented in the European Society of Cardiology to be completed by local institutions and operators yielded that 1637148 angiograms and 525983 coronary angioplasty (PTCAs) were performed in 2000. This is an increase of 15% and 23%, respectively, compared with 1999, particularly due to increases in eastern European countries. The population-adjusted PTCA rate rose from 714 procedures per 10(6) inhabitants in 1999 to approximately 800 procedures per 10(6) inhabitants in the year 2000. Coronary stenting increased by 26% to about 395000 stented cases in 2000. Complication rates remained unchanged, the need for emergency coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) further decreased to 0.2% per percutaneous intervention. Interventional cardiology in Europe is still expanding, mainly due to rapid growth in countries with lower socioeconomical levels. Most central European countries reported only minor increases in procedures performed. Coronary stenting remains the only noteworthy adjunctive or alternative strategy to balloon angioplasty. | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Abstracts"
} |