THE BHARATIYA NYAYA SANHITA, 2023
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⌀ | Comparative Table of IPC and Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita, 2023
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resemblance is such that a person might be deceived thereby, it shall be presumed, until thecontrary is proved, that the person so causing the one thing to resemble the other thingintended by means of that resemblance to practise deception or knew it to be likely thatdeception would thereby be practised; | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null |
(4) “Court” means a Judge who is empowered by law to act judicially alone, or a | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null |
body of Judges, which is empowered by law to act judicially as a body, when suchJudge or body of Judges is acting judicially; | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null |
(5) “death” means the death of a human being unless the contrary appears from | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null |
the context; | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null |
(6) “dishonestly” means doing of an act with the intention of causing wrongful | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null |
gain to one person or wrongful loss to another person; | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null |
(7) “document” means any matter expressed or described upon any substance | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null |
by means of letters, figures or marks, or by more than one of those means, intended tobe used, or which may be used, as evidence of that matter. | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null |
Explanation 1.—It is immaterial by what means or upon what substance the letters, | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null |
figures or marks are formed, or whether the evidence is intended for, or may be used in aCourt or not.Definitions.5 | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null |
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Illustrations. | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null |
(a) A writing expressing the terms of a contract, which may be used as evidence | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null |
of the contract, is a document. | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null |
(b) A cheque upon a banker is a document. | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null |
(c) A power-of-attorney is a document. | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null |
(d) A Map or plan which is intended to be used or which may be used as | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null |
evidence, is a document. | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null |
(e) A writing containing directions or instructions is a document. | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null |
Explanation 2.—Whatever is expressed by means of letters, figures or marks as | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null |
explained by mercantile or other usage, shall be deemed to be expressed by suchletters, figures or marks within the meaning of this section, although the same may notbe actually expressed. | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null |
Illustration. | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null |
A writes his name on the back of a bill of exchange payable to his order. The | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null |
meaning of the endorsement, as explained by mercantile usage, is that the bill is to bepaid to the holder. The endorsement is a document, and shall be construed in the samemanner as if the words “pay to the holder” or words to that effect had been writtenover the signature. | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null |
(8) “fraudulently”.—A person is said to do a thing fraudulently if he does that | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null |
thing with intent to defraud but not otherwise. | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null |
(9) “gender”.—the pronoun “he” and its derivatives are used of any person, | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null |
whether male, female or transgender. | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null |
Explanation .–– “transgender” shall have the meaning assigned to it in clause | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null |
(k) of section 2 of the Transgender Persons (Protection of Rights) Act, 2019; | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null |
(10) “good faith”.—Nothing is said to be done or believed in “good faith” | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null |
which is done or believed without due care and attention; | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null |
(11) “Government” means the Central Government or a State Government; | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null |
(12) “harbour”.—except as otherwise provided in this Sanhita, includes the | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null |
supplying a person with shelter, food, drink, money, clothes, arms, ammunition ormeans of conveyance, or the assisting a person by any means, whether of the samekind as those enumerated in this section or not, to evade apprehension; | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null |
(13) “injury” means any harm whatever illegally caused to any person, in body, | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null |
mind, reputation or property; | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null |
(14) “illegal”- “legally bound to do”. —The word “illegal” is applicable to | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null |
everything which is an offence or which is prohibited by law, or which furnishesground for a civil action; and a person is said to be “legally bound to do” whatever itis illegal in him to omit; | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null |
(15) “Judge” means a person who is officially designated as a Judge and includes | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null |
a person,–– | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null |
(i) who is empowered by law to give, in any legal proceeding, civil or | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null |
criminal, a definitive judgment, or a judgment which, if not appealed against,would be definitive, or a judgment which, if confirmed by some other authority,would be definitive; or | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null |
(ii) who is one of a body or persons, which body of persons is empowered | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null |
by law to give such a judgment.40 of 2019.5 | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null |
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454 | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null |
llustration. | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null |
A Magistrate exercising jurisdiction in respect of a charge on which he has | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null |
power to sentence to fine or imprisonment, with or without appeal, is a Judge; | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null |
(16) “life” means the life of a human being, unless the contrary appears from the | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null |
context; | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null |
(17) “local law” means a law applicable only to a particular part of India; | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null |
(18) “man” means male human being of any age; | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null |
(19) “mental illness” shall have the meaning assigned to it in clause ( a) of | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null |
section 2 of the Mental Healthcare Act, 2017; | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null |
(20) “month” and “year”.––Wherever the word “month” or the word “year” is | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null |
used, it is to be understood that the month or the year is to be reckoned according tothe Gregorian calendar; | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null |
(21) “movable property” includes property of every description, except land | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null |
and things attached to the earth or permanently fastened to anything which is attachedto the earth; | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null |
(22) “number”. —Unless the contrary appears from the context, words importing | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null |
the singular number include the plural number, and words importing the plural numberinclude the singular number; | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null |
(23) “oath” includes a solemn affirmation substituted by law for an oath, and | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null |
any declaration required or authorised by law to be made before a public servant or tobe used for the purpose of proof, whether in a Court or not; | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null |
(24) “offence”.—Except in the Chapters and sections mentioned in sub-clauses | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null |
(a) and ( b) the word “offence” means an act made punishable by this Sanhita, but–– | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null |
(a) in Chapter III and in the following sections, namely, sub-sections ( 2), | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null |
(3), (4) and ( 5) of section 8, sections 10, 46, 47, 48, 51, 53, 54, 55, 56, 57, 61, 113, | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null |
114, 117, sub-sections ( 7) and ( 8) of section 125, 217, 224, 225, 234, 242, 244, | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null |
245, 253, 254, 255, 256, 257, sub-sections ( 6) and ( 7) of section 306 and clause | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null |
(b) of section 324, the word “offence” means a thing punishable under this | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null |
Sanhita, or under any special law or local law; and | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null |
(b) in sections 183, 205, 206, 232, 233, 243, 247 and 323 the word “offence” | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null |
shall have the same meaning when the act punishable under the special law orlocal law is punishable under such law with imprisonment for a term of six monthsor more, whether with or without fine; | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null |
(25) “omission” means sigle ommission as well as a series of omissions; | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null |
(26) “person” includes any company or association or body of persons, whether | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null |
incorporated or not; | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null |
(27) “public” includes any class of the public or any community; | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null |
(28) “public servant” means a person falling under any of the descriptions, | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null |
namely: — | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null |
(a) every commissioned officer in the Army, Navy or Air Force; | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null |
(b) every Judge including any person empowered by law to discharge, | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null |
whether by himself or as a member of any body of persons, any adjudicatoryfunctions; | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null |
(c) every officer including a liquidator, receiver or commissioner whose | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null |
duty it is, as such officer, to investigate or report on any matter of law or fact, orto make, authenticate, or keep any document, or to take charge or dispose of any10 of 2017.5 | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null |
10 | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null |