Ziemia/Zjawiska natury (35)

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EN_01231879_2812 EYE

Iran's Musa Bay on the northern end of the Persian Gulf is pictured in this image from the Copernicus Sentinel-2A satellite on 13 January 2017.  Near the centre, we can see the port city of Bandar Imam Khomeini, situated at the terminus of the Trans-Iranian Railway - a route that links the Persian Gulf with Iran's capital, Tehran.  The dark area to the right of the port is Musa Bay, a shallow estuary.  The large geometric structures along the top appear to be evaporation ponds for extracting naturally occurring minerals from the ground.  The left side of the image is dominated by the marshes and mudflats of the Shadegan wildlife refuge.  It is the largest wetland in Iran, and plays a significant role in the natural ecology of the area.  The area provides a wintering habitat for a wide variety of migratory birds, and is the most important site in the world for a rare species of aquatic bird: the marbled duck.  The northern part of the wetland is a vital freshwater habitat for many endangered species.  This area is considered a wetland of international importance by the Ramsar Convention, an intergovernmental treaty for the sustainable use of wetlands.  Credit: ESA / eyevine

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EN_01231879_2813 EYE

Impact ejecta is material that is thrown up and out of the surface of a planet as a result of the impact of an meteorite, asteroid or comet.  The material that was originally beneath the surface of the planet then rains down onto the environs of the newly formed impact crater.  Some of this material is deposited close to the crater, folding over itself to form the crater rim, visible here as a yellowish ring.  Other material is ejected faster and falls down further from the crater rim creating two types of ejecta: a "continuous ejecta blanket" and "discontinuous ejecta."  Both are shown in this image.  The blocky area at the center of the image close to the yellowish crater rim is the "continuous" ejecta.  The discontinuous ejecta is further from the crater rim, streaking away from the crater like spokes on a bicycle.  Photo Credit: NASA / eyevine For further information please contact eyevine tel: +44 (0) 20 8709 8709 e-mail: info@eyevine.com www.eyevine.com

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EN_01231879_2804 EYE

This panorama, photographed by an astronaut aboard the International Space Station, shows nearly the full length of Lake Powell, the reservoir on the Colorado River in southern Utah and northern Arizona.  Note that the ISS was north of the lake at the time, so in this view south is at the top left of the image.  At full capacity, the reservoir impounds 24,322,000 acre-feet of water, a vast amount that is used to generate and supply water to several western United States, while also aiding in flood control for the region.  It is the second largest reservoir by maximum water capacity in the United States (behind Lake Mead).  Landscape elevation changes are hard to see from space, but astronauts learn to interpret high and low places by their color.  Green forests indicate two high places in the image that are cooler and receive more rain than the dry, low country surrounding the lake.  The isolated Navajo Mountain is a sacred mountain of the Native American Navajo tribe and rises to 3,154 meters (10,348 feet).  The long, narrow Kaiparowits Plateau rises nearly 1200 meters (4,000 feet) from Lake Powell to an elevation of more than 2300 meters (7,550 feet).  More than 80 kilometers (50 miles) long, the plateau gives a sense of horizontal scale.  The region draws nearly 2 million people every year, even though it is remote and has few roads.  Most of the area in view is protected as part of the Glen Canyon National Recreation Area and the Grand Staircase-Escalante National Monument?the largest amount of protected land in a U.S. national monument.  Photo Credit: NASA / eyevine For further information please contact eyevine tel: +44 (0) 20 8709 8709 e-mail: info@eyevine.com www.eyevine.com

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EN_01231879_2805 EYE

A river delta usually leads to the open sea, but the delta formed by the Okavango River is different.  After rising in Angola and flowing through Namibia, the river meanders into Botswana, where it branches out to create an inland delta - one of the world's most important wetlands.  Wetlands, both coastal and inland, are important for people and the environment.  Their many benefits include acting as natural safeguards against disasters, protecting communities most vulnerable to the devastating effects of floods, droughts and storm surges.  They also provide a habitat for a multitude of animals and plants, and filter and store water.  Every year, 2 February marks World Wetlands Day.  It commemorates the Convention on Wetlands also known as the Ramsar Convention, which was signed on 2 February 1971 to provide a framework for national and international cooperation for the conservation and use of wetlands and their resources.  This year's theme is 'Wetlands for Disaster Risk Reduction'.  Well-managed wetlands provide resilience for communities against extreme weather and help to minimise the damage from these hazards.  Coastal wetlands such as mangroves protect against flooding and serve as buffers against saltwater intrusion and erosion.  Inland wetlands such as floodplains, lakes and peatlands and deltas like Okavango can reduce the risk of drought.  Credit: ESA / eyevine

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EN_01231879_2679 EYE

This photograph from northwestern New Mexico shows a ridge roughly 30 feet about 10 meters tall that formed from lava filling an underground fracture then resisting erosion better than the material around it did.  The dike extends from a volcanic peak (out of view here) called Shiprock in English and Tse Bit'a'?,  meaning "rock with wings," in the Navajo language.  It offers an Earth analog for some larger hardened-lava walls on Mars Photo Credit: NASA / eyevine For further information please contact eyevine tel: +44 (0) 20 8709 8709 e-mail: info@eyevine.com www.eyevine.com

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EN_01231879_2680 EYE

An area over the western end of the US state of Texas is pictured in this image from the Sentinel-2A satellite from 13 March 2016.  Sentinel-2 is the 'colour vision' satellite mission for Europe's Copernicus environment monitoring programme - the name spawning from its high-resolution multispectral instrument.  The scene pictured here, however, is rather devoid of colour owing to the landscape's sparse vegetation cover.  Some colour does appear along the rivers and streams where plants thrive more easily.  In the upper left, large circles of agriculture from central-pivot irrigation systems appear green.  In the central-left portion of the image, one area appears orange where the land may have a different mineral content.  On the upper-right side of the image, we can see a cluster of hills of the Sierra Madera crater, formed less than 100 million years ago when a meteorite hit Earth.  In the lower-right corner, we can see a network of oil wells connected via a spiderweb-like structure of supply roads.  Underground oil reservoirs usually stretch across large areas, and multiple wells are positioned over the reservoirs to best exploit the natural resource.  Texas is the top crude oil-producing state in the US, accounting for about a third of the country's output.  Credit: ESA / eyevine

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EN_01231879_2676 EYE

Budapest, Hungary's capital, is bisected by the River Danube.  Its 19th-century Chain Bridge connects the hilly Buda district with flat Pest.  A funicular runs up Castle Hill to Buda's Old Town, where the Budapest History Museum traces city life from Roman times onward.  Trinity Square is home to 13th-century Matthias Church and the turrets of the Fishermen's Bastion, which offer sweeping views.  Credit: ESA / eyevine

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