Surgical management of acute infectious purpura fulminans. 
Purpura fulminans is a syndrome characterized by hemorrhagic infarction of the skin and underlying soft tissue as a result of disseminated intravascular coagulation and intravascular thrombosis.  In this study, the authors report their experience with surgical intervention for acute infectious purpura fulminans (AIPF).  A retrospective chart review was performed including all patients diagnosed with AIPF from January 1, 2006, to December 31, 2008, and treated at an academic medical center.  Primary endpoints of interest were overall survival rate and the need for and level of eventual amputation.  Improvement in limb perfusion was included as a secondary endpoint.  Nine patients were diagnosed with AIPF at the authors' institution during a 3-year period, and seven of these diagnoses were made within 12 months.  Overall mortality was 44% (5/9).  Amputation was required in 80% of survivors (4/5).  All patients explored within 24 hours of diagnosis had evidence for compartment syndrome with visible bulging muscle on fascial release.  AIPF is a devastating disease with significant mortality and morbidity primarily related to the loss of multiple limbs.  This study suggests that early diagnosis and surgical intervention in the form of compartment release and sympathectomy should be performed concurrently with the initial treatment of sepsis to minimize amputations in surviving patients.