USS Isaac Smith

USS Isaac Smith was a screw steamer acquired by the United States Navy during the American Civil War.  She was used by the Union Navy to patrol navigable waterways of the Confederate States of America to prevent the Confederacy from trading with other countries.  In 1863, she became the only warship in the American Civil War to be captured by enemy land forces.  She then served in the Confederate States Navy as CSS Stono until she was wrecked. 

Construction and acquisition 
Isaac Smith was built by Lawrence & Foulks in 1861 for passenger-cargo service on the Hudson River in New York.  She was purchased by the U.S. Navy in New York City from E. J. Hamilton 9 September 1861.  She was armed and on 17 October 1861 was commissioned as USS Isaac Smith. 

United States Navy service

South Atlantic Blockading Squadron

On 16 October 1861, Isaac Smith was assigned to the South Atlantic Blockading Squadron in time to join Flag Officer Samuel F. Du Pont′s assault against Port Royal, South Carolina.  An intense hurricane occurred during the voyage south compelling the ship to jettison her guns.  Nevertheless, she assisted the United States Marine Corps transport Governor – a sidewheel paddle steamer bound for Port Royal carrying 650 passengers, including a battalion of 385 United States Marines, and a cargo of 19,000 rounds of ammunition – taking Governor under tow after Governor became disabled during the storm.  Despite her efforts, Governor foundered off Cape Hatteras, North Carolina, during the storm on 3 November 1861 with the loss of six lives. 
 
During a reconnaissance in force on 4 and 5 November 1861, Isaac Smith engaged and repelled three attacking Confederate steamers and silenced batteries at Hilton Head and Bay Point, South Carolina.  Two days later she towed sailing sloop-of-war  into action during the landings which wrested Port Royal from Confederate hands providing the Union a base for the fleet and for combined U.S. Navy-Union Army operations against the Confederacy. 

Georgia and Florida operations 
 
Isaac Smith participated in operations against the coast of South Carolina until 21 January 1862 when she left to join the expedition to Savannah, Georgia, led by Captain Charles H. Davis, USN, and Brigadier General Horatio G. Wright of the United States Army.  This operation was primarily a diversionary effort to cover up a projected attack on Fernandina, Florida, but it also provided valuable information about Confederate defenses of the water approaches to Savannah, and it interrupted communications between Fort Pulaski and Savannah. 
 
During the latter half of March and all of April 1862, Isaac Smith was active in the vicinity of St. Augustine, Florida.  She took possession of the post office there on 18 March 1862 and two days later mounted a gun on the ramparts of [missing word] in a position to command the main road to the city.  She also enforced the Union blockade of the Confederacy, and her boats captured the blockade runner British Empire 3 April  1862. 
 
Isaac Smith stood out of St. Augustine and entered the St. Johns River on 4 May 1862 to begin a period of three months' service in the vicinity of Jacksonville, Florida.  Her presence there helped tighten the blockade, provided sanctuary for refugees, drew Confederate troops away from more active fronts, and facilitated Union intelligence activity. 

In need of repair, Isaac Smith sailed for New York City on 10 August 1862 for "beaching, breeming, and improvements." 

Capture by Confederate forces 
 
Isaac Smith returned to her squadron on 11 October 1862.  Then Rear Admiral Du Pont ordered her to the Stono River, where she served until 30 January 1863.  That day she was caught in a crossfire from masked shore batteries.  with Isaac Smith disabled by accurate fire and with her deck covered with wounded men, her captain surrendered the ship rather than risk their lives.  Eight men were dead and 17 were wounded. 

Confederate States Navy service 
 
After her capture, the ship served in the Confederate States Navy in the waters around Charleston, South Carolina, under the name CSS Stono until she was wrecked on the breakwater near Fort Moultrie, South Carolina, while attempting to run the blockade with a load of cotton on 5 June 1863.  No data on salvage operations for Stono has been found, but the Official Records of the Union and Confederate Navies in the War of the Rebellion state that she was "burned by the Confederates at the evacuation of Charleston in 1865." 

See also 

 United States Navy
Confederate States Navy

Footnotes

References 

 Gaines, W. Craig, Encyclopedia of Civil War Shipwrecks, Louisiana State University Press, 2008, . 

External links 
 Photo gallery at Naval Historical Center

 
Category:1851 ships 
Category:Ships built by Lawrence & Foulks 
Category:Ships of the Union Navy
Category:Ships built in New York City
Category:Steamships of the United States Navy
Category:Ships of the Confederate States Navy
Category:Blockade runners of the Confederate States Navy
Category:Shipwrecks of the American Civil War
Category:Shipwrecks of the Carolina coast
Category:Shipwrecks in rivers
Category:Captured ships
Category:Maritime incidents in 1863