[Ischemic heart disease.  Its incidence and association with risk factors]. 
Cardiovascular diseases are the first cause of death in all developed countries and in many underdeveloped countries (1).  In Cuba they have constituted the first cause of death in the last 20 years, with a tendency to increase, with the characteristic that this tendency is due to ischemic heart disease (IHD) (2).  The frequency of IHD increases with age, but it has increased in the population under 50 years of age lately (3, 4, 5).  Although the cause of atherosclerosis is unknown, in the last years an epidemiologic association has been demonstrated between the atherosclerotic disease (mainly IHD) and a series of pathologies, habits of the population, genetical, biochemical, physiological and environmental factors, which influence directly and indirectly the early development, frequency, severity evolution and prognosis of IHD and have been called coronary risk factors (CRF); at present, the disease is considered to be multifactorial and its magnitude and severity are influenced by the exposure time and the combination of CRF; it has also been demonstrated that it is decreased by the application of measures for the pressure measurements with Hg sphygmomanometer, in the population (1, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11).  In our country, a series of studies have been made to ascertain the magnitude and characteristics of cardiovascular diseases (12-14); through these works we will know the incidence of IHD, some of its characteristics and its relation with some coronary risk factors hypercholesterolemia, arterial hypertension, (AH), diabetes mellitus, smoking habit and obesity).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)