Spontaneous rupture of the liver upon revascularization during transplantation. 
Spontaneous rupture of the liver has been described in association with many benign and malignant conditions.  We report, to our knowledge, the first case of spontaneous rupture of the liver upon revascularization, requiring total hepatectomy and portocaval shunt, followed by successful retransplantation.  Routine pathological examination of the explanted liver failed to reveal the etiology of the rupture.  However, electron microscopy demonstrated abnormal collagen in the hepatic arterial wall compatible with a collagen disorder such as Ehlers-Danlos type IV disease.  We conclude that the donor liver had a previously undiagnosed collagen disorder.  Review of the literature does not preclude the use of livers from donors with a history of connective tissue disorders.  Based on our experience one should exercise caution when using livers from such donors.  With a history of connective tissue disorder in an immediate family member, further tests should be performed in the donor to rule out a subclinical connective tissue disorder.  In addition, a review of all patients reported thus far to have undergone total hepatectomy and portocaval shunt, followed by liver transplantation as a two-stage procedure is presented.