Carboplatin and Etoposide With or Without Palifosfamide in Untreated Extensive-Stage Small-Cell Lung Cancer: A Multicenter, Adaptive, Randomized Phase III Study (MATISSE). 
Purpose To evaluate the efficacy of the addition of palifosfamide to carboplatin and etoposide in extensive stage (ES) small-cell lung cancer (SCLC).  Patients and Methods MATISSE was a randomized, open-label, adaptive phase III study.  Previously untreated patients with ES SCLC were randomly assigned in a 1:1 fashion to receive carboplatin at area under the serum concentration-time curve 5 on day 1 plus etoposide 100 mg/m2 per day on days 1 to 3 every 21 days (CE) or carboplatin at area under the serum concentration-time curve 4 on day 1 plus etoposide 100 mg/m2 per day plus palifosfamide 130 mg/m2 per day on days 1 to 3 every 21 days (PaCE).  The primary end point was overall survival.  Results In all, 188 patients were enrolled; 94 patients received CE and 94 patients received PaCE.  The median age on both arms was 61 years.  Six cycles of chemotherapy were completed on both arms of the study by approximately 50% of the patients.  Serious adverse events were documented and did not differ significantly between patients receiving PaCE and those receiving CE.  Median overall survival was similar between both arms with 10.03 months on PaCE and 10.37 months on CE ( P = .096).  Conclusion The addition of palifosfamide to CE failed to improve survival in ES SCLC.