Emergency "rescue" percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty after failed thrombolysis with streptokinase.  Early and late results. 
Although thrombolytic therapy has been a major advance in the treatment of acute myocardial infarction, in at least 25% of patients the artery remains occluded after administration.  In these patients, the strategy of "rescue" or "salvage" angioplasty is frequently used although follow-up data are limited.  Sixty-three patients underwent percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA) after thrombolytic therapy for acute myocardial infarction.  The decision to proceed with PTCA was based on physician preference and not a specific research protocol.  In 34 of these selected patients, PTCA was performed as a rescue procedure because the infarct-related artery remained occluded (group 1); in 29 of these patients, it was performed to treat a severe but subtotal residual stenosis (group 2).  PTCA successfully restored patency in 71% of group 1 and in 90% of group 2.  Group 1 patients had a significantly worse baseline ejection fraction than did those in group 2 (47 +/- 13% vs. 58 +/- 13%, p = 0.0015).  Group 1 patients also had a significantly worse predismissal ejection fraction (36 +/- 13% vs. 50 +/- 14%, p = 0.0004).  During initial hospitalization, 14 (22%) patients underwent coronary bypass surgery.  In-hospital mortality was low in each group (3% in group 1 and 0% in group 2).  During a mean follow-up of 4 years, 89% of group 1 patients remained alive as compared with 97% of group 2 patients.  This excellent 4-year survival rate, despite the depressed predismissal ejection fraction in patients undergoing rescue PTCA, raises the issue of whether acute reperfusion has a beneficial effect aside from any impact on myocardial salvage and preservation of left ventricular function.