Q:

Can I take a screenshot from the devtools console? 

Chrome Devtools has a "command menu" (Ctrl+Shift+p) which offers the ability to take a screenshot of the site / selected node.  Is there a way to access this functionality through the devtools console? 

A:

Is there a way to access this functionality through the devtools console? 

DevTools tech writer here.  To answer your question narrowly, no, this is not possible. 
Puppeteer is a good solution for automated screenshots. 
https://github.com/GoogleChrome/puppeteer/blob/v1.3.0/docs/api.md#pagescreenshotoptions

