Role of insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) receptor, IGF-I, and IGF binding protein-2 in human colorectal cancers. 
The identification of novel autocrine/paracrine signaling pathways and possible markers represents an important component in the understanding of tumor growth control.  In this study, we assessed the potential role of insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I), the IGF-I receptor (IGF-IR) and IGF binding protein-2 (IGFBP-2) in human colorectal cancer.  Initial studies demonstrating increased IGF-I binding and IGF-IR density in human colon cancer tissue revealed that a component of iodinated (3-[125-I]iodotyrosyl) IGF-I (125I-ICGF-I) binding was not attributable to IGF-IR.  Binding studies and Western blot analysis suggested that this second component of 125I-IGF-I binding could be due to IGFBP-2.  Further analysis by a specific solution hybridization/RNase protection assay for IGF-IR mRNA levels, IGFBP-2 mRNA levels and in situ hybridization for IGFBP-2 localization, was carried out in nine patients with colon cancer.  IGF-IR mRNA levels by RNAse protection assays were unchanged, whereas IGFBP-2 mRNA levels were increased 4-8-fold in patients with colon cancer compared to controls.  Three patients with Dukes stage C disease had the highest levels of IGFBP-2 mRNA.  In situ hybridization studies localized IGFBP-2 mRNA to malignant cells and not to the surrounding stromal cells, suggesting an autocrine role for IGFBP-2.  The discrepancy between increased IGF-I binding, IGF-IR density, IGFBP-2 mRNA and the minimal modulation of the IGF-IR mRNA implies post-transcriptional regulation of IGF-IRs.  Our results suggest that IGFBP-2 may be implicated in colon cancer metastases and prognosis.  Its usefulness as a potential tumor marker should be further investigated.