County Court of Victoria

The County Court of Victoria is the principal trial court in Victoria, with approximately 70 judges hearing up to 12,000 cases annually.  

The County Court has original jurisdiction in all civil cases and criminal cases, except a small number of charges such as treason and murder.  The County Court has appellate jurisdiction to hear appeals from the Magistrates’ Court and the Children’s Court.  All decisions of the County Court can be appealed in the Supreme Court Appeals Division, the Victorian Court of Appeal.  

Since 8 September 2015, the Chief Judge of the County Court has been His Honour Chief Judge Peter Kidd. 

History
The County Court was first established in Victoria in 1852 by the County Courts Act 1852.  A County Court operated in the County of Bourke and some regional towns.  The County Courts were modelled on the British county courts, which were established in 1846.  Originally, the Court's principal purpose was to handle small civil claims.  Since that time, the Court's jurisdiction has expanded. 

Jurisdiction
In the hierarchy of Victorian courts, the County Court of Victoria sits above the Magistrates’ Court of Victoria and below the Supreme Court of Victoria. 

Judges of the County Court hear matters across three divisions – Criminal, Commercial and Common Law. 

County Court judges also sit as the heads of jurisdiction at the Magistrates’ Court of Victoria, Coroners Court of Victoria and the Children’s Court of Victoria and sit at the Victorian Civil and Administrative Tribunal as Vice-Presidents. 

Criminal Division
The County Court hears all indictable criminal matters except treason, murder and certain other homicide offences.  The Court deals with a broad range of offences under Victorian and Commonwealth legislation including serious theft, armed robbery, drug trafficking, sexual offences, fraud and dishonesty offences, culpable driving, serious assault and income and sales tax offences. 

All trials are heard before a judge and a jury of 12 members of the community. 

Criminal appeals 
The County Court hears criminal appeals from the Magistrates’ Court.  These appeals are determined by judge alone.  An appeal decision is generally final, except when a sentence of imprisonment is imposed and the Magistrates’ Court did not originally impose a sentence of imprisonment.  In such a case, the appellant may then appeal to the Court of Appeal, so long as leave is granted. 

The County Court also hears appeals from the Criminal and Family Divisions of the Children’s Court. 

Commercial and Common Law Divisions
The Court’s Commercial and Common Law Divisions (collectively known as the Court’s civil jurisdiction), have unlimited jurisdiction with no monetary cap on damages.  Both divisions feature a number of ‘lists’ – specialist categories of cases that are administered by a judge. 

The Commercial Division deals with matters that include debt recovery, contract, trust and property.  It has four lists:

 General List
 Expedited List 
 Banking and Finance List
 Building Cases List

The Common Law Division largely deals with damages and compensation cases.  It consists of eight lists:

 Applications List
 Confiscation List
 Defamation List
 Family Property List
 General List
 Medical List
 Serious Injury Applications List
 WorkCover List

All civil matters are heard by a single judge or, at a party’s request, by a judge and jury. 

Adoption and Substitute Parentage 
In Victoria, an adoption order legally transfers parental rights and responsibilities, guardianship and custody to the adoptive parents.  The County Court hears approximately 50-80 adoption and parentage matters annually. 

Circuits 
In addition to proceedings in Melbourne, County Court judges hear criminal and civil cases at 12 locations throughout Victoria: Bairnsdale, Ballarat, Bendigo, Geelong, Horsham, Mildura, Latrobe Valley (Morwell), Sale, Shepparton, Wangaratta, Warrnambool and Wodonga. 

Koori Court 
The County Koori Court was established under the County Court Amendment (Koori Court) Act 2008.   The Act was assented to on 23 September 2008 and established the Koori Court as a Division of the County Court.  The Latrobe Valley County Koori Court commenced on 19 November 2008, with the first sitting taking place on 2 February 2009.  The objective of the County Koori Court is to ensure greater participation of the Aboriginal community in the sentencing process through the role played in that process by the Aboriginal Elders and Respected Persons and others such as the Koori Court Officer.  It is only the judge who determines the sentence that is imposed.  

The County Koori Court follows the Koori Court model introduced at the Magistrates’ Court of Victoria and the Children’s Court of Victoria.  The County Koori Court currently sits at Latrobe Valley (Morwell), Melbourne, Mildura and Shepparton.  

The County Koori Court can only be attended by Koori offenders who plead guilty to particular offences.  Aboriginal Elders or Respected Persons advise the judge on cultural issues relating to the accused and his or her offending behaviour.  

Elders and Respected Persons provide information on the background of the accused and possible reasons for offending behaviour.  They may also explain relevant kinship connections, how particular crimes have affected the Indigenous community and provide advice on cultural practices, protocols and perspectives relevant to sentencing. 

The same sentencing law, however, applies in the County Koori Court as applies in the mainstream County Court. 

Chief Judge of the County Court of Victoria 
The current County Court Chief Judge is His Honour Peter Kidd, who was appointed to the role on 8 September 2015.  Chief Judge Kidd is a member of the Courts Council, and a Justice of the Supreme Court of Victoria.  

Past Chief Judges of the County Court of Victoria:

 His Honour Chief Judge Michael Rozenes 2002 – 2015
 His Honour Chief Judge Glenn Waldron 1982 – 2002
 His Honour Chief Judge Desmond Whelan 1975 – 1981

See also
Australian court hierarchy

References

External links
 County Court of Victoria

Category:Victoria (Australia) courts and tribunals
Category:1852 establishments in Australia