[Hand transplantation and implantation of nerve chips.  New developments within hand surgery]. 
Injuries and diseases of the hand naturally have an enormous impact on hand function and on quality of life, both occupational and social.  The majority of hand-injury patients are under 30 years of age.  Hand surgery, an established specialty in Sweden since 1969, is of great importance in terms of clinical developments, education and research.  In the coming decade, scientific and clinical advances are to be expected in several fields such as nerve injuries including brachial plexus lesion, microsurgery, flexor tendon injuries and tendon transfer.  Bioimplant research and new advances at the biotechnological interface will yield new options in nerve reconstruction, microchip implants in the nervous system, and the restoration of muscle-tendon function following injury.  Artificial limbs with advanced motor and sensory functions will be important future aids in the rehabilitation of amputees.  Transplantation of human hands is another promising reconstructive procedure which may open up new perspectives in the coming millennium.