Haemostatic measures in type 2 diabetic patients with microalbuminuria. 
The major cause of disability and early mortality in Type 2 diabetes is cardiovascular disease.  An enhanced urinary albumin excretion is strongly predictive of increased mortality, but the causal relationship behind this association is unclear.  Abnormalities in the haemostatic system may be involved in the vascular pathology.  We therefore studied the level of von Willebrand factor (vWf:Ag), factor VIII (VIII:Ag), fibrinogen, and fibronectin in male diabetic patients 50-70 years of age, with normal albumin excretion (n = 14), microalbuminuria (n = 14), and frank albuminuria (n = 7).  Fourteen healthy age-matched males served as a reference group.  There were no significant differences between normo- and micro-albuminuric patients but vWf:Ag (p less than 0.01), VIII:Ag (p less than 0.01), and fibrinogen (p less than 0.05) were increased in those with frank albuminuria.  Urinary albumin excretion rate was significantly correlated to vWf:Ag (r = 0.46, p = 0.005), VIII:Ag (r = 0.45, p = 0.007), and fibrinogen (r = 0.49, p = 0.003).  The known duration of diabetes was correlated to vWf and F VIII.  The increased level of vWf:Ag in Type 2 diabetes and the significant association to the urinary albumin excretion rate may suggest a linkage between albuminuria and cardiovascular disease.  However, the present study demonstrated no increase in haemostatic variables in patients with microalbuminuria as compared with those with normal albumin excretion.