Crucial role for LKB1 to AMPKalpha2 axis in the regulation of CD36-mediated long-chain fatty acid uptake into cardiomyocytes. 
Enhanced contractile activity increases cardiac long-chain fatty acid (LCFA) uptake via translocation of CD36 to the sarcolemma, similarly to increase in glucose uptake via GLUT4 translocation.  AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is assumed to mediate contraction-induced LCFA utilization.  However, which catalytic isoform (AMPKalpha1 versus AMPKalpha2) is involved, is unknown.  Furthermore, no studies have been performed on the role of LKB1, a kinase with AMPKK activity, on the regulation of cardiac LCFA utilization.  Using different mouse models (AMPKalpha2-kinase-dead, AMPKalpha2-knockout and LKB1-knockout mice), we tested whether LKB1 and/or AMPK are required for stimulation of LCFA and glucose utilization upon treatment of cardiomyocytes with compounds (oligomycin/AICAR/dipyridamole) which induce CD36 translocation similar to that seen upon contraction.  In AMPKalpha2- kinase-dead cardiomyocytes, the stimulating effects of oligomycin and AICAR on palmitate and deoxyglucose uptake and palmitate oxidation were almost completely lost.  Moreover, in AMPKalpha2- and LKB1-knockout cardiomyocytes, oligomycin-induced LCFA and deoxyglucose uptake were completely abolished.  However, the stimulatory effect of dipyridamole on palmitate uptake and oxidation was preserved in AMPKalpha2-kinase-dead cardiomyocytes.  In conclusion, in the heart there is a signaling axis consisting of LKB1 and AMPKalpha2 which activation results in enhanced LCFA utilization, similarly to enhanced glucose uptake.  In addition, an unknown dipyridamole-activated pathway can stimulate cardiac LCFA utilization by activating signaling components downstream of AMPK.