Design of a "Lean" Case Report Form for Heart Failure Therapeutic Development. 
The development of treatments for heart failure (HF) is challenged by burdensome clinical trials.  Reducing the need for extensive data collection and increasing opportunities for data compatibility between trials may improve efficiency and reduce resource burden.  The Heart Failure Collaboratory (HFC) multi-stakeholder consortium sought to create a lean case report form (CRF) for use in HF clinical trials evaluating cardiac devices.  The HFC convened patients, clinicians, clinical researchers, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA), payers, industry partners, and statisticians to create a consensus core CRF.  Eight recent clinical trial CRFs for the treatment of HF from 6 industry partners were analyzed.  All CRF elements were systematically reviewed.  Those elements deemed critical for data collection in HF clinical trials were used to construct the final, harmonized CRF.  The original CRFs included 176 distinct data items covering demographics, vital signs, physical examination, medical history, laboratory and imaging testing, device therapy, medications, functional and quality of life assessment, and outcome events.  The resulting, minimally inclusive CRF device contains 75 baseline data items and 6 events, with separate modular additions that can be used depending on the additional detail required for a particular intervention.  The consensus electronic form is now freely available for use in clinical trials.  Creation of a core CRF is important to improve clinical trial efficiency in HF device development in the United States.  This living document intends to reduce clinical trial administrative burden, increase evidence integrity, and improve comparability of clinical data between trials.