Cosmas of Maiuma

Saint Cosmas of Maiuma, also called Cosmas Hagiopolites ("of the Holy City"), Cosmas of Jerusalem, or Cosmas the Melodist, or Cosmas the Poet (d. 773 or 794), was a bishop and an important hymnographer (writer of hymns) of the Eastern Orthodox Church. 

Life
Saint Cosmas () was probably born in Damascus, but he was orphaned at a young age.  He was adopted by Sergius, the father of St. John of Damascus (ca.676 - 749), and became John's foster-brother.  The teacher of the two boys was an elderly Calabrian monk, also named Cosmas (known as "Cosmas the Monk" to distinguish him), who had been freed from slavery to the Saracens by St. John's father.  John and Cosmas went from Damascus to Jerusalem, where both became monks in the Lavra (monastery) of St. Sabbas the Sanctified near that city.  Together they helped defend the Church against the heresy of iconoclasm. 

Cosmas left the monastery in 743 when he was appointed Bishop of Maiuma, the port of ancient Gaza.  He outlived St. John by many years and died in great old age. 

Works
As a learned prose-author, Cosmas wrote commentaries, or scholia, on the poems of St. Gregory of Nazianzus.  He is regarded with great admiration as a poet.  St. Cosmas and St. John of Damascus are considered to be the best representatives of the later Greek classical hymnography, the most characteristic examples of which are the artistic liturgical chants known as "canons".  They worked together on developing the Octoechos. 

Saint Cosmas has been called "a vessel of divine grace" and "the glory of the Church."  He composed the solemn canons for Matins of Lazarus Saturday, Palm Sunday, the Triodes (canons with only three Canticles) which are chanted during Holy Week, the first canon of the Nativity (based on a Nativity sermon by St. Gregory the Theologian), and is known for his finest work, "Canon for Christmas Day".  Altogether, fourteen canons are attributed to him in the liturgical books of the Orthodox Church.  His most well-known composition is "More honourable than the cherubim…" (which is included in the Axion Estin), sung regularly at Matins, the Divine Liturgy and other services. 

The hymns of St. Cosmas were originally intended for the Divine Services of the Church of Jerusalem, but through the influence of Constantinople their use became universal in the Orthodox Church.  It is not certain, however, that all the hymns ascribed to Cosmas in the liturgical books were really his compositions, especially as his teacher of the same name was also a hymn writer. 

The Eastern Orthodox Church observes his feast on October 14 (for those Orthodox Christians who follow the Julian Calendar, October 14 falls on October 27 of the Gregorian Calendar). 

See also 
 Sts.  Cosmas and Damian, 3rd-century martyrs

Notes

Bibliography
Collections of hymns, varying in number, are attributed to Cosmas, and may be found in Jacques-Paul Migne, Patrologia Graecae (P.G.), XCVIII, 459-524, and in Christ-Paranikas, Anthologia graeca carminum christianorum (Leipzig, 1871), 161-204. 
For the above-mentioned scholia on the poems of Gregory of Nazianzus, see Cardinal Angelo Mai, Spicilegium Romanum, II, Pt.  II, 1-375, and Migne, P.G., XXXVIII, 339-679. 
In general, see Krumbacher, Gesch.  der byzantinischen Literatur (2d ed.,  Munich, 1896), 674 sqq. 
Alexander P. Kazhdan - Stephen Gero, “Kosmas of Jerusalem: a more critical approach to his biography,” Byzantinische Zeitschrift 82 (1989), pp.  122–132. 

External links 
 Cosmas the Hymnographer article from Orthodox Wiki (with icon)
 Kosmas the Hagiopolite Icon and brief life
 Cosmas article in Catholic Encyclopedia, 1913
 St. Cosmas the Hymnographer, Bishop of Maiuma Orthodox icon and synaxarion
 The Venerable Cosmas of Maiuma entry for October 12 in the Prologue from Ochrid by Bishop Nikolai Velimirovich

Category:8th-century deaths
Category:8th-century bishops
Category:Byzantine monks
Category:8th-century Christian saints
Category:Byzantine hymnographers
Category:Year of birth unknown
Category:8th-century people of the Abbasid Caliphate
Category:8th-century writers