Hearing loss but not bone-regulating hormones predicts fractures in older women-a 17-year follow-up of the Gothenburg BEDA study. 
High-frequency hearing loss and S-Ca, but not hormones related to bone structure and strength, or lifestyle factors, predicted incident fractures during 17 years of follow-up in women up to 97 years of age.  The fracture risk increases and inner ear function deteriorates with increasing age.  The aim of this study was to investigate whether hearing loss was of greater importance than bone-regulating hormones for the risk of fracture in elderly women.  In 1997, a random population sample of 63-82-year-old women, n = 552, underwent a physical examination, audiometry and blood sampling for analyses of serum albumin-adjusted calcium (S-Ca), parathyroid hormone (PTH), 25(OH) vitamin D and insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1).  Data on medication, lifestyle, previous fractures, hearing, vision and dizziness were obtained using questionnaires.  Data on subsequent fractures were retrieved, and censored at death, through December 2013.  In 1997, 228 women (41%) reported a previous fracture, most commonly of the wrist (18%).  During the following 17 years, 323 fractures occurred in 207 women (38%).  Hip fractures were the most frequent, in 96 women (17%).  In a Cox regression analysis adjusted for age and previous fractures, hearing loss, reflected by a high pure tone average ≥ 59 dB, almost doubled the risk of a subsequent fracture (hazard ratio (HR) 1.81, 95% CI 1.25; 2.61, p = 0.002).  S-Ca (HR 1.21 (1.02; 1.44) p = 0.028) also predicted future fractures, whereas PTH, IGF-1, 25(OH) vitamin D, hormone replacement therapy, smoking, degree of physical activity, impaired vision and dizziness did not.  Hearing loss and higher S-Ca, but not bone-regulating hormones, medication or lifestyle factors predicted incident fractures, mainly caused by falling, during 17 years of follow-up in women up to 97 years of age.