Gemstone spectral imaging dual-energy computed tomography for differentiation of renal cell carcinoma and minimal-fat renal angiomyolipoma. 
To investigate the values of gemstone spectral imaging (GSI)-dual-energy computed tomography (DECT) in differentiation of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) and minimal-fat renal angiomyolipoma (MF-RAML).  Twenty-one patients with ischemic RCC and 19 patients with MF-RAML were enrolled in this study.  GSI was performed on them, and the spectrum signs were analyzed.  I(H2O), H2O(I), I(fat), and fat(I) concentrations, normalized I concentration, and effective atomic number of corticomedullary phase and parenchymal phase in enhanced GSI-DECT in ischemic RCC group were all significantly lower than those in MF-RAML group (P < 0.05).  CT value and absolute slope rate of spectral attenuation curve in two phases in ischemic RCC group were also significantly lower than those in MF-RAML group (P < 0.05).  GSI-DECT has provided a new idea and method for differential diagnosis of ischemic RCC and MF-RAML, with high-clinical values.