Health-related quality of life in frail institutionalized elderly: effects of a cognition-action intervention and Tai Chi. 
No previous studies have explored the effects of mind-body approaches on health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in the frail elderly.  Cognition and action are an inseparable whole during functioning.  Thus, a new intervention-based approach using familiarity-based movements and a nonjudgmental approach of "cognition-action" was proposed and was tested with Tai Chi on HRQoL in frail institutionalized elderly.  Fifty-two participants (58% women) age 65-94 took part in a 24-wk Tai Chi (TC) intervention 4 days/wk or a cognition-action (CA) exercise program of 30 min twice a week.  Changes in Mini Mental State score, physical (PCS) and mental component (MCS) summaries (SF12); Falls Efficacy Scale (FES); and exercise self-efficacy were explored.  PCS improved from 33.6 +/- 6.7 to 51 +/- 4.8 in the TC group and from 30.6 +/- 9.9 to 45.1 +/- 10.2 in the CA group (p < .001).  MCS of SF-12 (p < .001), FES (p < .001), and exercise self-efficacy (p < .01) were enhanced significantly in both groups.  Adapted CA programs and Tai Chi were both efficient in improving HRQoL of frail elderly.