Platelet-derived endothelial cell growth factor/thymidine phosphorylase expression in macrophages correlates with tumor angiogenesis and prognosis in invasive breast cancer. 
Expression of platelet-derived endothelial cell growth factor/thymidine phosphorylase (PD-ECGF/TP), an angiogenic factor, was immunohistochemically analyzed in 117 specimens of invasive breast carcinoma (IBC).  PD-ECGF/TP expression was observed in cancer cells and/or stromal cells; most of these stromal cells were activated macrophages.  Therefore, we assessed the PD-ECGF/TP expression separately in cancer cells and stromal cells.  Sixty-one (52.1%) cases were classified as PD-ECGF/TP-positive in cancer cells and 44 (37.6%) were classified as positive in stromal cells.  The PD-ECGF/TP expression in cancer cells did not correlate with any prognostic factors.  However, its expression in stromal cells positively correlated with both tumor size and microvessel count, and inversely correlated with estrogen receptor status.  Relapse-free survival and overall survival (OS) were significantly worse in patients with PD-ECGF/TP-positive stromal cells than in patients with negative cells.  A multivariate analysis using the Cox proportional hazards model showed that the PD-ECGF/TP expression in stromal cells independently predicted OS as well as nodal status and tumor size.  In conclusion, PD-ECGF/TP expression in stromal cells correlates with tumor angiogenesis and can be used to predict the prognosis of patients with IBC.