Isoenzyme-specific cyclooxygenase inhibitors: a whole cell assay system using the human erythroleukemic cell line HEL and the human monocytic cell line Mono Mac 6. 
NSAIDs inhibit the conversion of arachidonic acid into Prostaglandin G2 and Prostaglandin H2 which is catalyzed by the enzyme cyclooxygenase (COX).  Two genetically distinct isoforms have been discovered, COX-1 and COX-2.  While COX-1 is thought to account for homeostatic amounts of eicosanoids, COX-2 is induced during inflammation leading to pathologic amounts of eicosanoids.  Since NSAIDs inhibit both COX isoforms, antiinflammatory drug research has refocused to discovering COX-2 inhibitors that do not inhibit COX-1.  For this purpose, we have developed a whole cell assay system using the human erythroleukemic cell line HEL as a source for COX-1 and the human monocytic cell line Mono Mac 6 as a source for COX-2.  Mono Mac 6 cells express high amounts of COX-2 upon stimulation with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in the absence of any detectable COX-1 protein.  On the other hand, we find HEL cells to naturally express COX-1 protein, but not COX-2.  Testing of a panel of NSAIDs as well as some COX-2 specific inhibitors showed that this assay system is suitable for identifying compounds that selectively inhibit either COX-1 or COX-2.  This test system offers the advantage of assessing COX-1 and COX-2 inhibitors within the human species, within a similar test set-up, and circumvents the need for tedious purification of either platelets or peripheral blood monocytes.