Testosterone administration induces protection against global myocardial ischemia. 
We tested the hypothesis that chronic testosterone treatment would promote a cardioprotective phenotype against ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury.  For this study, 3-month-old F344 male rats underwent sham-surgery, orchiectomy (ORX), or ORX plus 21 days testosterone treatment (1.0 mg testosterone/day).  At sacrifice, cardiac performance was assessed in a working heart model of I/R (25 min of global ischemia and 45 min of reperfusion).  ORX reduced serum testosterone by approximately 98% and testosterone administration elevated serum testosterone to a concentration of 4.6-fold over that of Sham-operated controls (p<0.05).  ORX did not significantly impair recovery of cardiac performance following I/R, but did increase cardiac release of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) during pre- and post-ischemia (p<0.05).  Testosterone administration prevented the ORX-induced increase in LDH during both pre- and post-ischemia and increased post-ischemic recovery of aortic flow, cardiac output, cardiac work, left ventricular developed pressure, and contractility (p<0.05) during reperfusion.  Testosterone administration also increased left ventricular expression of catalase, but did not affect the expression of manganese superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, or sarcolemmal K (ATP) channel protein Kir6.2.  Neither circulating nor cardiac concentrations of estradiol were altered by either treatment.  We conclude that administration of high-dose testosterone confers cardioprotection through yet to be identified androgen-dependent mechanism(s).