[Modern orientation in parotid surgery]. 
The choice of the surgical approach is very relevant in parotid surgery because of the extreme anatomic variability of the parotideal district and the functional importance of the branches of facial nerve.  The aim of this paper is to prove how an accurate knowledge of the anatomy and a careful execution of surgery permit radicality in case of tumors and respect of nerves and other structures of the region.  We studied anatomy of the different intra- and periparotideal structures to compare two different approaches in parotidectomy, proving how the orthograde technique is safer and more effective in preventing hyatrogenous nerve injuries and other major complications.