Photoacidic and Photobasic Behavior of Transition Metal Compounds with Carboxylic Acid Group(s). 
Excited state proton transfer studies of six Ru polypyridyl compounds with carboxylic acid/carboxylate group(s) revealed that some were photoacids and some were photobases.  The compounds [Ru(II)(btfmb)2(LL)](2+), [Ru(II)(dtb)2(LL)](2+), and [Ru(II)(bpy)2(LL)](2+), where bpy is 2,2'-bipyridine, btfmb is 4,4'-(CF3)2-bpy, and dtb is 4,4'-((CH3)3C)2-bpy, and LL is either dcb = 4,4'-(CO2H)2-bpy or mcb = 4-(CO2H),4'-(CO2Et)-2,2'-bpy, were synthesized and characterized.  The compounds exhibited intense metal-to-ligand charge-transfer (MLCT) absorption bands in the visible region and room temperature photoluminescence (PL) with long τ > 100 ns excited state lifetimes.  The mcb compounds had very similar ground state pKa's of 2.31 ± 0.07, and their characterization enabled accurate determination of the two pKa values for the commonly utilized dcb ligand, pKa1 = 2.1 ± 0.1 and pKa2 = 3.0 ± 0.2.  Compounds with the btfmb ligand were photoacidic, and the other compounds were photobasic.  Transient absorption spectra indicated that btfmb compounds displayed a [Ru(III)(btfmb(-))L2](2+)* localized excited state and a [Ru(III)(dcb(-))L2](2+)* formulation for all the other excited states.  Time dependent PL spectral shifts provided the first kinetic data for excited state proton transfer in a transition metal compound.  PL titrations, thermochemical cycles, and kinetic analysis (for the mcb compounds) provided self-consistent pKa* values.  The ability to make a single ionizable group photobasic or photoacidic through ligand design was unprecedented and was understood based on the orientation of the lowest-lying MLCT excited state dipole relative to the ligand that contained the carboxylic acid group(s).