Modulation of malaria-induced immunopathology by concurrent gastrointestinal nematode infection in mice. 
We investigated malaria-associated pathology in mice co-infected with Heligmosomoides polygyrus (Hp) and Plasmodium chabaudi AS (Pc).  Despite higher peak parasitemia, co-infected wild-type (WT) C57BL/6 mice displayed similar body weight losses, malarial anaemia, and tissue damage but less severe hypothermia and hypoglycaemia, and earlier reticulocytosis than Pc-infected WT mice.  Co-infected STAT6(-/-) mice, deficient in nematode-induced Th2 responses, experienced similar peak parasitemias and generally suffered malaria-associated pathology to a similar degree as co-infected WT mice.  These data indicate a complex relationship amongst helminths, malaria and host immune responses resulting in modulation of some but not all aspects of malaria-associated pathology.