Intracerebroventricular administration of urotensin II regulates food intake and sympathetic nerve activity in brown adipose tissue. 
To clarify the functional roles of urotensin II in regulating energy balance, we investigated the effects of a central infusion of urotensin II on food intake, uncoupling protein (UCP) 1 mRNA expression, temperature, and sympathetic nervous system activity in brown adipose tissue (BAT), a site that regulates energy expenditure in rodents.  A bolus central infusion of urotensin II at a dose of 1 nmol/rat into the third cerebral ventricle decreased food intake (p<0.05).  Additionally, urotensin II induced c-Fos-like-immunoreactivity (c-FLI) in the paraventricular nucleus (PVN) as compared with that in the control (phosphate buffered saline [PBS]-treated) group.  Furthermore, urotensin II increased BAT UCP 1 mRNA expression (p<0.05).  Finally, central infusion of urotensin II significantly increased BAT sympathetic nerve activity, which was accompanied by a significant elevation in BAT temperature (p<0.05) in rats.  Taken together, central infusion of urotensin II regulates food intake and BAT sympathetic nerve activity in rats.