Perceptions of physicians, medical and nursing students concerning shared decision-making: a cross-sectional study. 
Objective: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the attitudes of Flemish physicians and medical/nursing trainees regarding shared decision-making (SDM) and to determine possible differences based on sex, age, rank, occupation and specialty.  Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted between June and September 2017 in which the Patient-Practitioner Orientation Scale (PPOS) was translated and administered.  Higher scores on the six-point scale indicate a patient-centered respondent.  Independent t-tests, One and Two-way ANOVA and multivariate regression analysis with the variables sex, age, occupation and specialty were performed.  Results: 266 responses from 93 physicians, 147 medical and 26 nursing students were analyzed.  Mean sharing scores were 4,24 ± 0,64; 4,30 ± 0,61; and 4,30 ± 0,67, respectively.  In the regression model, female sex (p < 0,10) and employment (p < 0,05) in general practice or internal medicine is predictive for higher sharing among physicians.  Bivariate analysis revealed significant differences between specialisms (p < 0,05): pediatricians (4,79 ± 0,69), psychiatrists (4,74 ± 0,47), obstetricians/gynecologists (4,40 ± 0,38) and general practitioners (4,31 ± 0,59) scored higher on the PPOS than surgeons (3,84 ± 0,58).  Conclusion: Flemish providers and trainees are disease-centered.  Physicians' attitudes vary depending on their specialism, presumably due to prolonged exposure to the specific clinical context.  Additionally, academic-trained nurses share the belief that the physician should decide and the patient should rely on his knowledge rather than his own.  There is an urgent need for health policy and educational institutions to facilitate an environment in which SDM is supported.