Absence of specific alternatively spliced exon of CD44 in macrophages prevents colitis. 
CD44 is a transmembrane molecule appearing in numerous isoforms generated by insertions of alternatively spliced variant exons (CD44v) and having various binding partners.  CD44v7 on T cells was proposed to promote colitis by preventing T-cell apoptosis.  Here we demonstrate that Cd44v7-deficient T cells - like Cd44 wild-type (Cd44WT) T cells - provoked disease in two different colitis models: the model induced by CD4+CD45RBhigh T-cell transfer into Rag2-deficient mice and a new model based on ovalbumin (OVA)-specific T-cell transfer into Rag-sufficient, OVA-challenged mice.  In contrast, CD44v7 absence on macrophages in recipient mice prevented colitis.  Prevention was associated with the downregulation of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3)-activating and Foxp3-counteracting interleukin-6 (IL-6), lower numbers of phospho-STAT3-containing lymphocytes, and higher Foxp3+ T-cell counts in the colon.  Consequently, the protected colons showed lower IL-12, IL-1β expression, and decreased interferon-γ levels.  Importantly, stimulation of T cells by Cd44v7-deficient macrophages induced upregulation of Foxp3 in vitro, while cotransfer of Cd44WT macrophages into Cd44v7-deficient mice reduced Foxp3+ T-cell counts and caused colitis.  Accordingly, the CD44v7 ligand osteopontin, whose levels were elevated in Crohn's disease, specifically induced IL-6 in human monocytes, a cytokine also increased in these patients.  We suggest macrophage-specific targeting of the CD44v7 pathway as a novel therapeutic option for Crohn's disease.