Optimized growth conditions for tissue engineering of human cardiovascular structures. 
Optimized in vitro formation of strong tissue is a prerequisite for tissue engineering of cardiovascular structures, such as heart valves and blood vessels.  This study evaluates different growth media additives as to cell proliferation, extracellular matrix formation, and mechanical characteristics.  Biodegradable polymers were seeded with human vascular myofibroblasts.  Group A was cultured with standard medium, groups B, C, and D were in addition supplemented with ascorbate, fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), and both respectively.  Analysis included histology, electron microsocopy, mechanical testing, and biochemical assays for cell proliferation (DNA) and extracellular matrix (collagen).  DNA content increased in all groups, showing significantly more cells in group C and D after 14d.  Collagen increased in all groups, except for C. Morphology showed viable, layered cellular tissue, with collagen fibrils after 2w, most pronounced in B and D. Mechanical properties decreased initially, stabilizing after 2w.  In conclusion, standard nutrient media were efficient for seeded human vascular cells cultured on biodegradable meshes.  Supplementation with bFGF+ascorbate resulted in enhanced early cell proliferation and structurally more mature tissue formation.