Collaborating or co-existing: a survey of attitudes of medical oncologists toward specialist palliative care. 
Patients with advanced cancer often have complex care needs requiring collaboration between medical oncology and palliative care providers.  Little is known about how effective and acceptable such collaboration is to medical oncologists.  Attitudes of Australian medical oncologists toward collaboration with specialist palliative care services were investigated using a Web-based survey.  Descriptive statistics and attitude indices were calculated and a thematic content analysis performed.  One hundred and fifteen respondents (78 medical oncologists, 37 trainees) completed the survey (response rate 30.3%).  Positive attitudes toward specialist palliative care involvement were expressed with most respondents preferring concurrent rather than sequential models of care (94.8%, n = 109).  Reported barriers to collaboration included reluctance for referral by patients (minor 60.9%, n = 70; major 8.7%, n = 10) or families (minor 67%, n = 77; major 7%, n = 8), a lack of inpatient beds (minor 27%, n = 31; major 34.8%, n = 40) and inadequate resources for specialist palliative care to take some referrals (minor 30.4%, n = 35; major 30.4%, n = 35).  There was no difference in attitude indices for those who had completed a palliative care rotation during their training (33%, n = 38) and those who had not.  Suggestions for improvement in collaboration focused around four areas - improved resources, improved multidisciplinary links, mutual respect and understanding, and consistency in service provision.  This study is the first to specifically investigate the views of Australian medical oncologists toward collaboration with specialist palliative care.  While positive attitudes have been expressed, identified barriers to collaboration need attention.