HS-23, Lonicera japonica extract, attenuates septic injury by suppressing toll-like receptor 4 signaling. 
Lonicera japonica Thunberg is a traditional herbal medicine widely used in East Asia as an anti-bacterial, anti-inflammatory, and antiviral agent.  This study was designed to investigate the effects of HS-23, ethanol extract of the dried flower buds of Lonicera japonica, in experimental models of sepsis and elucidate the mechanisms of action of HS-23.  Male ICR mice were intravenously administered HS-23 (20 and 40 mg/kg) for 0 (immediately) and 24 h after cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) for survival tests, and HS-23 (40 mg/kg) immediately after CLP for biochemical assays.  HS-23 improved sepsis-induced mortality, enhanced bacterial clearance, and attenuated multiple organ failure.  The mechanisms of action of HS-23 included attenuation of increased toll-like receptor (TLR)4 protein and mRNA expression.  HS-23 suppressed sepsis-induced increases in protein expression of myeloid differentiation primary response protein 88, p38 and c-Jun N-terminal kinase in both liver and lung, as well as TIR-domain-containing adapter-inducing interferon-β and interferon regulatory transcription factor 3 protein expression in liver.  The results of this study revealed that HS-23 attenuated sepsis through suppression of TLR signaling pathways.  Therefore, our findings suggest that HS-23 might be useful as a potential therapeutic agent for treatment of sepsis.