The relationship between obstructive sleep apnea and recurrence of atrial fibrillation after pulmonary vein isolation using a contact force-sensing catheter. 
Our aim was to elucidate the relationship between obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and atrial fibrillation (AF) recurrence after repeated pulmonary vein isolation (PVI).  We conducted a non-randomized observational study, with the data prospectively collected.  One hundred patients (paroxysmal AF, n = 89) underwent PVI using a contact force-sensing catheter.  All patients underwent an electrophysiological study and additional ablation for left atrium-pulmonary vein (PV) reconnection and non-PV foci, 6 months after the first treatment session, regardless of AF recurrence.  Those with an apnea-hypopnea index ≥ 15 were diagnosed with OSA.  Continuous positive air pressure (CPAP) therapy was initiated after the second treatment session, based on results of a sleep study.  For analysis, patients were classified into the non-OSA (n = 66), treated OSA (OSA patients undergoing CPAP; n = 11), and untreated OSA (n = 23) groups, and between-group differences evaluated.  After the first session, AF recurrence was observed in 18.2% (12/66) and 14.7% (5/34) of patients without and with OSA, respectively (P = 0.678).  After the second procedure, the rate of AF recurrence was 12.1% (8/66) in the non-OSA group, 9.1% (1/11) in the treated OSA group, and 8.7% (2/23) in the untreated OSA group (log-rank P = 0.944).  The rate of AF recurrence might not be greater in patients with untreated OSA than in those without OSA and those with treated OSA after repeated PVI, using a contact force-sensing catheter, for patients with paroxysmal or short-term persistent AF.