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Jacques Brugnon and Henri Cochet were the defending champions, but lost in the quarterfinals to Wilmer Allison and John Van Ryn. Allison and Van Ryn defeated Ian Collins and Colin Gregory in the final, 6–4, 5–7, 6–3, 10–12, 6–4 to win the gentlemen's doubles tennis title at the 1929 Wimbledon Championship. Seeds Jacques Brugnon / Henri Cochet (quarterfinals) John Hennessey / George Lott (semifinals) Frank Hunter / Bill Tilden (semifinals) Ian Collins / Colin Gregory (final) Draw Finals Top half Section 1 Section 2 Bottom half Section 3 Section 4 References External links Men's Doubles Wimbledon Championship by year – Men's doubles

The 1979–80 Michigan State Spartans men's basketball team represented Michigan State University in the 1980–81 NCAA Division I men's basketball season. The team played their home games at Jenison Field House in East Lansing, Michigan and were members of the Big Ten Conference. They were coached by Jud Heathcote in his fourth year at Michigan State. The Spartans finished the season 12–15, 6–12 in Big Ten play to finish in ninth place in conference. Previous season The Spartans finished the 1978–79 season 26–6, 13–5 in Big Ten play to win the Big Ten and ranked No. 3 in the country. The Spartans received a No. 2 seed in the Mideast of the NCAA Tournament. MSU defeated Lamar, Louisiana State, and Notre Dame to advance to the Final Four. In the Final Four, they defeated Penn by 34 points to face overall No. 1 Indiana State. The Spartans won the National Championship as Magic Johnson led MSU over Larry Bird and the Sycamores. Roster and statistics Source Schedule and results |- !colspan=9 style=| Non-conference regular season |- !colspan=9 style=|Big Ten regular season Awards and honors Jay Vincent – All-Big Ten First Team Jay Vincent – Big Ten Scoring Champion (22.1 ppg in-conference) See also 1980 in Michigan References Michigan State Spartans men's basketball seasons Michigan State Michigan State Spartans men's b Michigan

Kireet Khurana (born 25 October 1967) is an Indian filmmaker, animator, and commercial director. He is winner of 6 President's National Film Awards for his contributions to the animation industry. Kireet joined his father's company to create Vartmaan. In 2010, he made his debut with India's first feature film combining live-action and 3D animation, Toonpur Ka Superrhero, starring Ajay Devgan and Kajol. He is the director of Climb Media. Kireet's 2016 documentary on Indian parallel cinema auteur Saeed Akhtar Mirza, entitled Saeed Mirza: The Leftist Sufi, released on Netflix. The film featured Mahesh Bhatt, Sudhir Mishra, Kundan Shah, Aziz Mirza, Pawan Malhotra and others. It was named among the top 10 documentaries of 2017 by Vogue India and The Hindu. His 2018 feature film T for Taj Mahal, produced by Abis Rizvi, was premiered at the London Indian Film Festival. The trailer of the film was launched at the Cannes Film Festival (2018). His upcoming works include The Storyteller, starring Adil Hussain and Paresh Rawal, and a docu-feature The Invisible Visible, on homelessness and the destitute in India. Personal His exposure to animation films started from age six due his father, Bhimsain, who was an Animator. Kireet attended the Jamnabai Narsee School and later completed a BA with a major in economics from the University of Mumbai. Soon thereafter, he graduated from Sheridan College, Canada in animation filmmaking. Filmography References 1967 births Living people Indian animators Indian filmmakers Indian film producers Indian animated film directors Indian animated film producers Film directors from Mumbai Sheridan College animation program alumni University of Mumbai alumni

Sarah L. Copeland-Hanzas (born July 9, 1970) is an American Democratic Party politician who is currently serving as the Secretary of State of Vermont. She previously served in the Vermont House of Representatives from Orange County's 2nd District, having been first elected in 2004. Early life and career Sarah Louise Copeland-Hanzas was born in Lake Forest, Illinois on July 9, 1970 and her family moved to Vermont in 1971. She grew up in Corinth and graduated from Bradford's Oxbow High School in 1988. She then attended the University of Vermont from which she received a Bachelor of Arts in history in 1992 and a Bachelor of Arts in geology in 1993. In 1995, she completed her teaching certification at Upper Valley Educators Institute in Lebanon, New Hampshire. After becoming qualified as a teacher, Copeland-Hanzas instructed secondary science in several Upper Connecticut River Valley public schools and at Valley Vista residential treatment center in Bradford. Beginning in 2010, she owned a small business in Bradford, the Local Buzz Cafe, which she operated until she closed it in 2021. Political career In 2004, Copeland-Hanzas was elected to the Vermont House of Representatives. She was reelected every two years through 2020, and served from January 2005 to January 2023. During her House service, Copeland-Hanzas was a member of the Health Care Committee and chair of the Government Operations Committee. From 2015 to 2017, she was the majority leader. While in the house, she also served on the Executive Committee of the National Conference of State Legislatures. In 2022, Copeland-Hanzas was a candidate for the Democratic nomination for secretary of state. In the August primary, she defeated deputy secretary of state Chris Winters and Montpelier city clerk John Odum; Copeland-Hanzas received 43 percent of the vote to 41 for Winters and 16 for Odum. In the November general election, she defeated perennial Republican candidate H. Brooke Paige by a vote of 61 to 33 percent. She was sworn in for the beginning of her term in January 2023. Family Copeland is married to John P. Hanzas Jr. They reside in Bradford and are the parents of three daughters. References |- 1970 births 21st-century American politicians 21st-century American women politicians Democratic Party members of the Vermont House of Representatives Living people People from Bradford, Vermont People from Lake Forest, Illinois Secretaries of State of Vermont University of Vermont alumni Women state legislators in Vermont

The fifth season of 30 Rock, an American television comedy series on the NBC network in the United States, began airing on September 23, 2010. NBC announced on March 5, 2010, that 30 Rock would be returning for a fifth season in the 2010–2011 television season. Beginning with episode 11, 30 Rock was moved to the 10:00 PM timeslot, but, as a consolation, was renewed earlier than the other NBC sitcoms. During this time, Tracy Morgan underwent an emergency operation, causing his character to be written out for several episodes. On July 31, 2010, NBC announced that an [[Live Show|episode of 30 Rock'''s fifth season]] would be filmed and broadcast live, twice, on the evening of October 14, 2010. The two separate recordings resulted in a live telecast of the episode to American viewers in both the West and East Coast. The episode was a ratings success and was met with very positive reviews. The season also featured the show's 100th episode, which aired as a one-hour episode. Synopsis Season 5 continues with Liz in a relationship with Carol (Matt Damon), a man she met in the episode "I Do Do", and Jack practicing to be and then being a father. Jack finally marries the woman he chose in "I Do Do", but an error in the wedding certificate leads to shocking results. Jack meets with Kabletown's boss, Hank Hooper (Ken Howard), who acts rather like Kenneth, and meets his competition in his granddaughter, Kaylee Hooper (Chloë Grace Moretz). Meanwhile, Tracy also becomes a father and finally gets an EGOT ("E" standing for "Emmy", "G" for "Grammy", "O" Oscar", and "T" for "Tony" ). However, the pressure of being an award-winning celebrity leads Tracy to nearly bring TGS to cancellation. With the help of Jenna, Kenneth tries to get back into the NBC Page Program. Tracy's wife, Angie, is given a reality show of her own, "Queen of Jordan", which was aired as an episode of 30 Rock. In the middle of the season, Jack and Avery's daughter is born, but a few episodes later, something happens in their relationship that separates them, possibly forever. Jenna continues her relationship with Paul. The Girlie Show with Tracy Jordan (TGS) celebrates its 100th episode. Cast Tina Fey portrays Liz Lemon, the head writer of a fictitious live sketch-comedy television series TGS. The TGS cast consists of two main actors. The lead actor is the loose cannon movie star Tracy Jordan, portrayed by Tracy Morgan. His co-star is the extremely narcissistic Jenna Maroney, portrayed by Jane Krakowski. Jack "Danny" Baker (Cheyenne Jackson) is the newest TGS cast member. Jack McBrayer plays the naïve NBC page Kenneth Parcell. Scott Adsit acts as the witty and wise TGS producer, Pete Hornberger. Judah Friedlander portrays trucker hat-wearing staff writer Frank Rossitano. Alec Baldwin plays the NBC network executive Jack Donaghy. Donaghy's full corporate title for the majority of the season is "Head of East Coast Television and Microwave Oven Programming". Keith Powell plays the Harvard University alumnus and TGS staff writer James "Toofer" Spurlock. (No direct link. Browse to "Networks & Programs", "NBC Entertainment", "30 Rock" and click "Credits.") Katrina Bowden acts as writers' assistant Cerie Xerox. Other cast members include, Maulik Pancholy as Jonathan, Grizz Chapman as Grizz Griswold, Kevin Brown as "Dot Com" Slattery, and John Lutz as J.D. Lutz. The cast also features recurring guest stars Elizabeth Banks, who stars as Avery Jessup, Jack's wife, and Matt Damon as Carol, Liz's pilot boyfriend. Banks was prominently featured throughout the season. Condoleezza Rice appeared as a fictional version of herself, an old girlfriend of Jack Donaghy. Main cast Tina Fey as Liz Lemon, the head writer of TGS, a live sketch comedy television show. (23 episodes) Tracy Morgan as Tracy Jordan, a loose cannon movie star and cast member of TGS. (21 episodes) Jane Krakowski as Jenna Maroney, a vain, fame-obsessed TGS cast member and Liz's best friend. (23 episodes) Jack McBrayer as Kenneth Parcell, a naïve, television-loving NBC page from Georgia. (23 episodes) Scott Adsit as Pete Hornberger, the witty and wise producer of TGS. (20 episodes) Judah Friedlander as Frank Rossitano, an immature staff writer for TGS. (18 episodes) Alec Baldwin as Jack Donaghy, a high-flying NBC network executive and Liz's mentor. (23 episodes) Katrina Bowden as Cerie Xerox, the young, attractive TGS general assistant. (9 episodes) Keith Powell as James "Toofer" Spurlock, a proud African-American staff writer for TGS. (14 episodes) Kevin Brown as Walter "Dot Com" Slattery, a member of Tracy's entourage. (13 episodes) Grizz Chapman as Warren "Grizz" Griswold, a member of Tracy's entourage. (13 episodes) Maulik Pancholy as Jonathan, Jack's assistant who is obsessed with him. (11 episodes) John Lutz as J.D. Lutz, a lazy, overweight TGS writer who is often ridiculed by his co-workers. (14 episodes) Recurring cast Elizabeth Banks as Avery Jessup, Jack's fiancé and later wife. (6 episodes) Hannibal Buress as Hannibal, a homeless man. (6 episodes) Sue Galloway as Sue LaRoche-Van der Hout, a TGS writer from the Netherlands. (6 episodes) Chris Parnell as Dr. Leo Spaceman, a physician who practices questionable medical techniques. (6 episodes) Will Forte as Paul L'astnamé, Jenna's boyfriend who is also a Jenna Maroney impersonator. (5 episodes) Subhas Ramsaywack as Subhas, a janitor at 30 Rockefeller Plaza. (5 episodes) Ken Howard as Hank Hooper, the owner of Kabletown, the company that purchases NBC. (4 episodes) Cheyenne Jackson as Danny Baker, a TGS cast member. (4 episodes) Sherri Shepherd as Angie Jordan, Tracy's no-nonsense wife and reality television star. (4 episodes) Brian Williams as himself (4 episodes) Matt Damon as Carol Burnett, a pilot and Liz's boyfriend. (3 episodes) Rachel Dratch as various characters (3 episodes) Dean Winters as Dennis Duffy, Liz's immature ex-boyfriend. (3 episodes) Guest stars Todd Buonopane as Jeffrey Weinerslaw, an employee in GE's human resources department. (2 episodes) Tituss Burgess as D'Fwan, Angie's hair stylist and cast member in her reality show. (2 episodes) Tom Hanks as himself (2 episodes) Lester Holt as himself (2 episodes) Michael Keaton as Tom, a maintenance man working at 30 Rockefeller Plaza. (2 episodes) Matt Lauer as himself (2 episodes) Adriane Lenox as Sherry, a nanny hired by Jack to look after his daughter. (2 episodes) Regis Philbin as himself (2 episodes) Rachael Ray as herself (2 episodes) Kelly Ripa as herself (2 episodes) Alan Alda as Milton Greene, Jack's biological father. (Episode: "Christmas Attack Zone") John Amos as the protagonist of the television show Let's Stay Together. (Episode: "Let's Stay Together") Will Arnett as Devon Banks, Jack's nemesis. (Episode: "Plan B") Ben Bailey as himself (Episode: "When It Rains, It Pours") Eion Bailey as Anders, a Swiss prostitute hired by Liz's friends to seduce her. (Episode: "It's Never Too Late For Now") Richard Belzer as Sergeant John Munch, a character from Law and Order: SVU. (Episode: "¡Qué Sorpresa!") Reg E. Cathey as Rutherford Rice, the host of the fictional talk show Right On. (Episode: "Let's Stay Together") John Cho as Lorne, a Canadian meth smuggler. (Episode: "Double-Edged Sword") Margaret Cho as Kim Jong-Il, the North Korean dictator. (Episode: "Everything Sunny All the Time Always") Ann Curry as herself (Episode: "Gentleman's Intermission") Robert De Niro as himself (Episode: "Operation Righteous Cowboy Lightning") Victor Garber as Eugene Gremby, the chairman of the Wool Council. (Episode: "Respawn") Ina Garten as herself (Episode: "Respawn") Paul Giamatti as Ritchie, a television editor. (Episode: "When It Rains, It Pours") Kelsey Grammer as himself (Episode: "Reaganing") David Gregory as himself (Episode: "Brooklyn Without Limits") Bill Hader as Kevin, Carol's co-pilot. (Episode: "Live Show") Jon Hamm as Dr. Andrew "Drew" Baird, a pediatrician and Liz's former boyfriend. (Episode: "Live Show") Buck Henry as Dick Lemon, Liz's father. (Episode: "Gentleman's Intermission") Ice-T as Detective Odafin Tutuola, a character from Law and Order: SVU. (Episode: "¡Qué Sorpresa!") Queen Latifah as Regina Bookman, a congresswoman who comes into conflict with Jack. (Episode: "Let's Stay Together") Julia Louis-Dreyfus as flashback Liz Lemon. (Episode: "Live Show") Cristin Milioti as Abby Flynn, a seductive female comedian. (Episode: "TGS Hates Women") Vanessa Minnillo as Carmen Chao, a journalist and Avery's rival. (Episode: "¡Qué Sorpresa!") Chloë Grace Moretz as Kaylie Hooper, Hank Hooper's cunning young granddaughter. (Episode: "TGS Hates Women") Paula Pell as Paula Hornberger, Pete's wife. (Episode: "The Fabian Strategy") Rob Reiner as a fictional version of himself in which he is a congressman. (Episode: "Let's Stay Together") Condoleezza Rice as herself (Episode: "Everything Sunny All the Time Always") Rob Riggle as Reggie, a TGS crew member who bullies Pete. (Episode: "I Heart Connecticut") Thomas Roberts as himself (Episode: "Everything Sunny All the Time Always") Philip Rosenthal as himself (Episode: "I Heart Connecticut") Susan Sarandon as Lynn Onkman, Frank's former teacher and lover. (Episode: "Queen of Jordan") John Slattery as Steve Austin, a congressional candidate from Rhode Island that Jack backs. (Episode: "Brooklyn Without Limits") Aaron Sorkin as himself (Episode: "Plan B") Elaine Stritch as Colleen Donaghy, Jack's cold and overbearing mother. (Episode: "Christmas Attack Zone") Daniel Sunjata as Chris, a member of the TGS crew. (Episode: "College") Meredith Viera as herself (Episode: "Gentleman's Intermission") Episodes Reception Critical reception On Rotten Tomatoes, the season has an approval rating of 86% with an average score of 7.6 out of 10 based on 21 reviews. The website's critical consensus reads, "Liz Lemon continues to fire off tart zingers in a resilient fifth season that maintains 30 Rocks streak of innovative – if somewhat inconsistent – gags, pulled off with tremendous heart." The fifth season earned positive reviews from critics, a number of whom noted that it had staged a "comeback" after what they had considered a disappointing fourth season. Writing for HitFix, reviewer Alan Sepinwall noted his disappointment in the fourth season and opined that the fifth had "rebounded", commenting "there have been weeks [...] where 30 Rock made me laugh longer, louder and more frequently than not only every other NBC sitcom, but every comedy on TV". Sepinwall cited a tighter focus on its main characters, a happier Liz Lemon, smarter use of guest stars and a general improvement in quality as the reasons why the series had demonstrated such a turnaround. Nathan Rabin of The A.V. Club expressed similar sentiments in regard to the fourth season, noting "the growing pains hit hard [...] the show devolved into self-parody". However he considered that "30 Rock found its footing in its fifth season [...] it has at least aged into a show that no longer feels such a desperate need to impress. For all its busyness, it feels a little more comfortable in its own skin". He also described the series as having "experienced a hell of a comeback" during its fifth season. Francis Rizzo of DVD Talk was also positive about the season, commenting that "the joy of 30 Rock is the way it manages to keep surprising after years of following the same, relatively unchanging characters, thanks to writing that's frequently ridiculous and hilarious, and a cast that makes even the most over-the-top situation feel real, and thus even funnier". Ratings The fifth-season premiere, "The Fabian Strategy", drew 5.9 million viewers, an increase from the previous episode, "I Do Do" (5.5 million), but a decrease on the fourth season premiere, "Season 4", which had drawn an audience of 6.4 million. The fourth episode of the season, "Live Show", aired live and demonstrated a turnaround, attracting a season high of 6.7 million viewers. This figure was the highest overall for NBC in the 8:30 p.m. Thursday timeslot for non-sports events since December 2009. Following NBC's decision to move 30 Rock to the later time of 10:00 p.m. for the second half of the season, ratings declined to beneath five million viewers per week, starting with the episode "Operation Righteous Cowboy Lightning". The penultimate episode of the season, "Everything Sunny All the Time Always" became the new lowest-rated episode of the series, with less than four million viewers tuned in. Previously, the fourth-season episode "Lee Marvin vs. Derek Jeter" had been the lowest-rated, with four million. The season finale, "Respawn", attracted 4.2 million viewers, and overall, the season averaged 5.3 million viewers, ranking one hundred and sixth for the year, according to Nielsen Media Research.30 Rock season five was found to have added an average of 30 percent more viewers in the 18–49 demographic, when DVR plus seven day viewers were factored in. This is a measurement of the viewers who recorded the series and viewed it within seven days of broadcast. In all, the season added 1.4 million (28 percent) more total viewers when seven day results were factored in. Awards and nominations30 Rock season five received nine nominations at the 63rd Primetime Emmy Awards, including Outstanding Lead Actress in a Comedy Series for Fey, Outstanding Lead Actor in a Comedy Series for Baldwin, Outstanding Supporting Actress in a Comedy Series for Krakowski, Outstanding Guest Actress in a Comedy Series for Elizabeth Banks, Outstanding Guest Actor in a Comedy Series for both Matt Damon and Will Arnett, Writing, Directing, and the series' fifth consecutive nomination for Outstanding Comedy Series, although it did not win in any of these categories. Production Timeslot During the fall of 2010, the show aired at 8:30 p.m., after Community and before The Office on Thursdays. On November 15, 2010, it was announced 30 Rock would move to 10:00 p.m., following Parks and Recreation starting January 20, 2011 (the show's sixth season renewal was also announced along with this information). Episode 22 - "Everything Sunny All the Time Always" aired at the special time of Thursday at 10:30-11:00 (ET/PT), due to extended episodes of The Office and Parks and Recreation''. References External links 01 2010 American television seasons 2011 American television seasons

Karin Vexman (, born December 16, 2001 in Israel) is an Israeli individual and group rhythmic gymnast. She is the 2020 European Group All-around champion. Career In 2018, she joined Israeli senior group. They placed 6th in Group All-around at the 2019 World Championships in Baku, Azerbaijan. In November 2020, they won gold medal at the 2020 European Championships in Group All-around and silver in Team and 5 balls competitions. References External links Israeli rhythmic gymnasts 2001 births Living people Medalists at the Rhythmic Gymnastics European Championships Gymnasts at the 2020 Summer Olympics Olympic gymnasts for Israel

Frank Kelly (1938–2016), was an Irish actor Frank Kelly may also refer to: Frank Kelly (footballer, born 1892) (1892–1919), Scottish footballer Frank Kelly (footballer, born 1910) (1910–1982), Australian rules footballer for Collingwood, Melbourne, Essendon and St Kilda Frank Kelly (footballer, born 1921) (1921–1974), Australian rules footballer for Footscray Frank Kelly (footballer, born 1950) (1950–2006), Australian rules footballer for Richmond Frank Kelly (mathematician) (born 1950), University of Cambridge professor Frank J Kelly, air pollution scientist See also Francis Kelly (disambiguation) Frank Kelley (disambiguation)

"De Vez En Mes" is a written by Guatemalan singer-songwriter Ricardo Arjona for his tenth Studio album, Adentro (2005). The song was released on April 7, 2005, as the fourth single from the album. Composition "De Vez En Mes" is a Latin pop ballad song written by Arjona. It was produced by Arjona with Dan Warner, Lee Levin and additional help from Tommy Torres. The lyrics of the song are related to a woman's menstruation. The song received negative response due to its theme, on which the singer commented that the song had "the most beautiful lyrics from Adentro", further stating that "more than hit me, they [the criticism] saddens me." He also stated that "criticism is a symptom of envy." Music video The music video was shot in black and white and features a woman who is seen on places inside a house throughout the video. Trackslisting Charts Release history References 2005 songs 2006 singles Ricardo Arjona songs Songs written by Ricardo Arjona Sony BMG Norte singles

Student Comrade Prisoner Spy is a 2016 autobiography by South African journalist Bridget Hilton-Barber. Background and synopsis The book recounts Hilton-Barber's opposition to apartheid as a young white student at Rhodes University in the Eastern Cape, and the betrayal by her best friend Olivia Forsyth, who was a spy working for the Security Branch of the South African Police. The betrayal led to her imprisonment without trial. Thirty years later Hilton-Barber suffers a flashback which prompts her to journey back to the Eastern Cape to see if she can forgive her betrayer and finally move on from the brutal violence she suffered during the dying days of apartheid. Reception In the City Press Sandra Laurence described the book as "chilling, terrifying, hopeful and deeply sad all at once" and a "catalogue of good intentions, commitment and grave risks taken", which made for "...captivating and enjoyable reading". Laurence also praised the "clarity" and "honesty" of the memoir. The book was also reviewed in the Springs Advertiser References 2016 non-fiction books Books about apartheid Non-fiction books about espionage South African autobiographies Penguin Books books Political memoirs Rhodes University

Neysan District () is in Hoveyzeh County, Khuzestan province, Iran. Its capital is the city of Rafi. After the 2006 census, Hoveyzeh District was separated from Dasht-e Azadegan County in the establishment of Hoveyzeh County, which was divided into two districts of two rural districts each, with the city of Hoveyzeh as its capital. The National Census in 2011 counted 9,060 people in 1,916 households. At the latest census in 2016, the district had 10,060 inhabitants in 2,312 households. References Hoveyzeh County Districts of Khuzestan Province Populated places in Khuzestan Province Populated places in Hoveyzeh County

Making Samba: A New History of Race and Music in Brazil is a book by Marc A. Hertzman published by Duke University Press in 2013. Hertzman's concern with the historical narrative surrounding how Samba became one of Brazil's most valuable cultural staples prompted him to write this book. By tracing the careers of Donga and Gilberto Gil from the late nineteenth century to the 1970s, Hertzman explores various themes such as intellectual property claims, popular music, race, gender, national identity, and the history of Afro-Brazilians in Rio de Janeiro, and how they all contribute to the making of Samba within the Brazilian State. Synopsis Hertzman's main argument in this book is that the historical narrative surrounding the emergence of samba in Brazil has either been over-criticized, or exceedingly fetishized. By using wide-ranging evidence, such as Brazilian musicians' salary contracts, their involvement and activism with various musical associations, and their encounters with law enforcement, Hertzman explores their struggles in exerting their agency by claiming their music as what he calls, "intellectual property." While Hertzman's book explores different themes such as "musical blackface" and "the purity of samba," Hertzman discusses them within the context of Afro-Brazilian figures that were heavily involved with the progress of Samba so that his argument doesn't get off track. Critical reception Making Samba: A New History of Race and Music in Brazil has been highly praised by a variety of historical scholars. Three critical reviews come from Charles A. Perrone in the Luso-Brazilian Review 51 (2014): 209–213. Marshall Eakin in Social History 39 (2014): 287–289. As well as Paulina Alberto in Americas 73 (2016): 266–268. All of these scholars agree that Hertzman's work has been a big success in his field and that it "offers a substantial, indeed superb, contribution to the already robust literature about the birth of samba in the aftermath of slavery in Brazil and its rise to the status of national rhythm by the early twentieth century." Perrone adds, "Even seasoned veterans of this subject will find some edifying surprises." Awards The Latin American Studies Association awarded Making Samba Honorable Mention for the 2014 Bryce Wood Book Award. Conrad Humanities Scholar (2017–2022) New England Council of Latin American Studies Best Dissertation Prize (2009) Fulbright-Hays (2004) References Brazilian music

Russian Embassy School in Tokyo (, ) is a Russian overseas school in Azabudai, Minato, Tokyo. It is operated by the Russian Ministry of Foreign Affairs. See also Russians in Japan Japanese School in Moscow Japan–Russia relations List of Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Russia overseas schools References External links Russian Embassy School in Tokyo 's channel on YouTube Tokyo International schools in Tokyo Japan–Russia relations Minato, Tokyo

La Faurie (; ) is a commune in the Hautes-Alpes department in southeastern France. Geography Climate La Faurie has a warm-summer mediterranean climate (Köppen climate classification Csb). The average annual temperature in La Faurie is . The average annual rainfall is with October as the wettest month. The temperatures are highest on average in July, at around , and lowest in January, at around . The highest temperature ever recorded in La Faurie was on 26 June 2019; the coldest temperature ever recorded was on 14 February 1999. Population See also Communes of the Hautes-Alpes department References Communes of Hautes-Alpes

Jacques Mesrine (; 28 December 1936 – 2 November 1979) was a French criminal responsible for numerous murders, bank robberies, burglaries, and kidnappings in France, the US, and Canada. Mesrine repeatedly escaped from prison and made international headlines during a final period as a fugitive when his exploits included trying to kidnap the judge who had previously sentenced him. An aptitude for disguise earned him the moniker "The Man of a Thousand Faces" and enabled him to remain at large while receiving massive publicity as a wanted man. Mesrine was widely seen as an anti-establishment Robin Hood figure. In keeping with his charismatic image, he was rarely without a glamorous female companion. A two-part film, Mesrine, which came out in 2008, was based on Mesrine's life. Early life and criminal career up to 1965 Jacques René Mesrine was born in Clichy, near Paris on 28 December 1936 to a couple of blue-collar origin who had moved up in social class. As a child, he witnessed a massacre of villagers by German soldiers. His parents had great aspirations for their son and sent him to the prestigious Catholic Collège de Juilly where his friends included the likes of musician and composer Jean-Jacques Debout. Mesrine was an extremely unruly pupil and he was expelled from Juilly for attacking the principal. He went on to be expelled from other schools and fell into the lifestyle of a juvenile delinquent, much to the dismay of his family. In 1955, at age 19, he married Lydia De Souza in Clichy; the couple divorced a year later. Drafted into the French Army, he volunteered for special duty in the Algerian War as a parachutist/commando. While participating in counter-insurgency operations, Mesrine's duties are said to have included the killing of prisoners. Although he disliked military discipline, Mesrine enjoyed action and was decorated with the Cross for Military Valour by General Charles de Gaulle before leaving the army in 1959. His father was later to claim that the time in Algeria had brought about a noticeable deterioration in Mesrine's behaviour. In 1961, Mesrine became involved with the Organisation armée secrète. He married Maria de la Soledad; they had three children but later separated in 1965. In 1962, Mesrine was sentenced to 18 months in prison for robbery (his first prison sentence, although he had been a professional criminal for a number of years). After being released, Mesrine made an effort to reform: he worked at an architectural design company where he constructed models, showing considerable ability. However, a downsizing in 1964 resulted in him being laid off. His family bought him the tenancy of a country restaurant, a role in which he was quite successful, but this arrangement ended after the owner paid a visit one evening to find Mesrine carousing with acquaintances from his past. The lure of easy money and women proved impossible for him to resist and he returned to crime. Overcoming some suspicion about his relatively middle-class background, Mesrine began to establish a reputation in the underworld as a man who was crossed at one's peril. In December 1965, Mesrine was arrested in the villa of the military governor in Palma de Mallorca. He was sentenced to six months in jail and later claimed that Spanish authorities believed he was working for French intelligence. Canary Islands, Canada, Venezuela, 1966–1972 In 1966, Mesrine opened a restaurant in the Canary Islands. In December of the same year, he robbed a jewellery store in Geneva and a hotel in Chamonix. The following year, Mesrine robbed a fashion store in Paris. In February 1968, he fled to Quebec with his then mistress, Jeanne Schneider, and worked as a housekeeper/cook and a chauffeur for grocery and textile millionaire, Georges Deslauriers for a few months. An argument Schneider had with Deslauriers' long-time respected gardener led to both being dismissed. They then attempted to kidnap Deslauriers, but this scheme failed when a supposedly strong sedative had no effect on Deslauriers. On 26 June 1969, Mesrine and Schneider fled to the US. On 30 June, Evelyne Le Bouthillier, an elderly lady who may have given them refuge, was found strangled. A couple of weeks later, on 16 July, Mesrine and Schneider were arrested in Texarkana, Arkansas on information supplied by an accomplice and extradited to Quebec. Mesrine was sentenced to 10 years in prison for the bungled kidnapping; he escaped a few weeks later, but was rearrested the next day. Mesrine and Schneider were acquitted of the murder of Le Bouthillier in 1971. With Jean-Paul Mercier, Mesrine cut through the wire to escape again on 21 August 1972 with five others from the Saint-Vincent-de-Paul prison. Mercier, a wanted murderer, and Mesrine then robbed a series of banks in Montreal, sometimes two in the same day. By this time it was apparent that Mesrine did not have a typical criminal attitude towards minimizing the danger of being caught. Deeply resenting the way he had been treated in the prison, Mesrine and Mercier made an extremely risky attempt to precipitate a mass break out from the maximum security block of Saint-Vincent-de-Paul on 3 September 1972. However, their own break-out had caused perimeter security to be greatly increased and they found the area swarming with armed guards. There was a shoot-out in which two guards were seriously injured and Mercier was wounded before they managed to get away. The boldness of escaped convicts returning to attack a prison infuriated Canadian law enforcement; the escapade predictably led to a hugely increased effort to arrest the duo. Murder of Médéric Cote and Ernest Saint-Pierre A week after their foiled attempt to free the prisoners, Mesrine and Mercier went for a target practice session, taking Mercier's girlfriend along. But the location, though three miles down a dirt track through the forest, was far from being truly remote and the noise of them blasting away at targets all afternoon could be heard in the town of Plessisville where there was a Ministry of Natural Resources and Wildlife station. When Mesrine and company drove back along the track, two forest rangers, Médéric Cote, aged 62, and Ernest Saint-Pierre, aged 50, were waiting. The rangers were armed but their jobs had mainly involved enforcing hunting and firearms regulations, and in any case, there was no reason for them to expect that the men who had been making themselves conspicuous by such a disturbance would actually be wanted escapees. Realising they were not policemen, Mesrine submitted to a search of the car, but on finding loaded guns in the rear, the rangers informed them that they would have to follow their car back to Plessisville. While Mesrine was trying to talk them out of this, Cote, possibly alerted by the sight of the arsenal of weapons, suddenly recognised the pair, whereupon Mesrine and Mercier shot both officers dead. Mesrine continued robbing banks in Montreal, and even covertly gained access into the US again for a brief stay at the Waldorf Astoria Hotel in New York City, before moving to Caracas, Venezuela. Return to France: 1972–1977 By the end of 1972, Mesrine had returned to France, where he resumed robbing banks. On 5 March 1973, during an argument with a cashier in a coffee bar, Mesrine brandished a revolver and seriously injured a police officer who tried to intervene. He was arrested 3 days later. In May, he was sentenced to 20 years imprisonment – which, considering his record, was lenient for the time and place – to be served at La Santé maximum security prison where escape was thought to be impossible. In a plan likely formulated even before his arrest, Mesrine took a judge, who sentenced him on another matter in the past, hostage with a revolver (recovered from the courthouse lavatory where it had been hidden by an accomplice) and escaped. After being at large for four months, he was arrested in his new Paris apartment on 28 September 1973, on information supplied by an associate who wanted a reduced sentence. Mesrine was returned to La Santé where he covertly wrote and smuggled out an autobiography, titled L'Instinct de Mort ("Death Instinct"), in which he claimed to have committed upwards of forty murders, a number thought by some to be a considerable exaggeration. The appearance of Mesrine's book resulted in France passing a "Son of Sam law", designed to stop criminals profiting from the publication of their crimes. Escape from La Santé La Santé was seen as escape proof. In his escapes from his Canadian prisons, Mesrine had required little more than wire cutters and a very high degree of audacity. During this incarceration, however, he faced security far better than any he had defeated before. A report noted that Mesrine had been seen doing exercises in his cell and was behaving like a man who had received good news. On 8 May 1978, he produced a gun, stole keys and, with François Besse (a highly accomplished escaper in his own right), and another man, Mesrine got out of a cellblock and into a fenced-off yard walkway. They had a grappling iron with them and Mesrine forced some workmen with an extending ladder to bring the ladder along. The trio unlocked a yard gate in an inner wall; an armed guard was taken by surprise at his post. The men then reached an isolated part of the 14 metre (46 ft) high exterior wall (which would have presented a considerable challenge without the ladder). They hooked the grappling iron onto the top of the ladder and slid down the rope. The third man over the wall was shot dead by police in the street outside. Mesrine and Besse hijacked a car and evaded the police cordon; they had become the first men to escape from La Santé. Mesrine as fugitive Mesrine and Besse robbed a Paris gunsmith four days after their escape from La Santé. On 26 May 1978, the duo robbed the Deauville Casino of 130,000 francs, but the police arrived as they exited. Around 50 shots were exchanged and Mesrine was wounded, but the duo made a getaway. Mesrine and Besse eluded the subsequent massive sweep of the area by taking a farmer and his family hostage and forcing him to drive them to safety. Subsequently, the kidnapping of a banker netted them 450,000 francs in ransom. Despite his position as "French public enemy number one" (l'ennemi public numéro un), Mesrine was featured on the cover of the 4 August 1978 Paris Match. In an interview inside, he threatened the Minister of Justice. By remaining at large in the Paris area, despite his notoriety, Mesrine appeared to be making a fool of the law and the state; the Paris Match interview was the last straw. The police agencies hunting Mesrine were pressured for results from the highest echelons of government. This proved to be difficult, not the least because of rivalry between the various agencies. The usual informants were of little use as Mesrine generally avoided contact with the criminal underworld. Moreover, he was adept at disguising his appearance and allaying suspicion from members of the public: he reportedly went for a drink with his neighbours and laughed when one said he "looked like Mesrine". Mesrine travelled to Sicily, Algeria, London, and Brussels, and back to Paris in November 1978, where he again robbed a bank. Objecting to Mesrine's proposed kidnapping of a senior judge, and not sharing his desire for revenge against the system, François Besse disassociated with Mesrine and later disappeared. Besse was finally captured in 1994; he was paroled in 2006. Public Enemy No. 1 Mesrine's next exploit occurred in November 1978. It was a daring attempt to kidnap a judge (who had sentenced him) as part of a campaign to get maximum security prisons closed. His accomplice was captured but Mesrine escaped by running downstairs past several policemen telling them "Quick! Mesrine's up there!" A young policeman posted outside was found handcuffed to a drainpipe weeping. On 21 June 1979, Mesrine kidnapped millionaire real estate mogul Henri Lelièvre and received a ransom of six million francs. Mesrine made good copy for the press, clowning for the camera and asserting that his criminal activity was politically motivated. Jacques Tillier (a former Directorate of Territorial Security policeman) had written disparagingly about Mesrine in the French far-right newspaper Minute but on 10 September 1979, he went, rather incautiously, to a clandestine meeting with Mesrine on the promise of an interview. The incensed Mesrine had other plans: he shot Tillier in the face, leg and arm. Tillier survived the ordeal, although he lost the use of one arm. During his contact with Mesrine, Tillier discovered the identity of Mesrine's accomplice. Death The special gendarme unit tasked with finding and capturing Mesrine found it impossible to track him down directly. Eventually, by using information supplied by Tillier, they ascertained the licence number of the car that a woman named Sylvia Jeanjacquot, believed to be Mesrine's mistress, had used and checked parking tickets which it had received months previously. These tickets indicated that she had been frequenting a certain district without any obvious cause. Undercover patrols combed the area and a man fitting Mesrine's description was spotted walking with a woman believed to be Jeanjacquot on 31 October 1979. One officer who had seen Mesrine at court confirmed the identification by noting Mesrine's distinctive build. The couple were followed home and their building watched around the clock. Two days later, on 2 November 1979, the couple left the apartment for a weekend in the country, taking Jeanjacquot's pet poodle with them. Mesrine and Jeanjacquot had reached Porte de Clignancourt on the outskirts of Paris, when the gold BMW they were driving was boxed in at the entrance to a junction. Police marksmen in the rear of a lorry immediately in front of their car threw open a tarpaulin. Reportedly, in the instant before the gendarmerie opened fire, Mesrine's eyes were described as being so shocked they seemed to be bursting from his head, as he realised he was trapped. Twenty rounds were fired at point-blank range and Mesrine was shot 15 times. A coup de grâce was then administered with a pistol. Sylvia Jeanjacquot lost one eye and suffered lasting damage to her arm. Her pet dog was killed. Aftermath French police announced that their operation was a success and received congratulations from then President Valéry Giscard d'Estaing. There were suggestions in some media publications that Mesrine may have been shot without warning in a way which amounted to extrajudicial killing, but the police pointed out that he had sworn that he would never surrender and that, as well as having a gun on him, Mesrine had been armed with two grenades which were taped together and adapted so they could be brought into action instantly. Sylvia Jeanjacquot underwent multiple operations and served more than two years in prison before being ultimately acquitted of any crime. Mesrine's former defence lawyer, Maître Malinbaum, continued for 30 years to fight for a judicial investigation into the events surrounding Mesrine's death at Porte de Clignancourt and to have the French state held accountable for what she saw as the assassination of her client. Murder of Gérard Lebovici By law, Mesrine could not profit from L'instinct de Mort, but the publishers had received a threatening letter from him in 1979 demanding payment nonetheless. L'instinct de Mort was republished in 1984 by Champ Libre Editions, The founder of Champ Libre, Gérard Lebovici, was a gifted entrepreneur, influential in the French film industry, and known for his fascination with criminals. Lebovici adopted Mesrine's daughter after her father's death. On 5 March 1984, the body of Gérard Lebovici was found in the Avenue Foch underground car park. He had been shot dead, with the bullet wounds forming a square: a traditional underworld sign for a contract that has not been fulfilled. One theory is that Lebovici may have been killed by a close associate of Mesrine's with whom Lebovici may have had an appointment on the day of his death. Pop culture references A film about Mesrine; Mesrine, was released in 1984. It featured Nicolas Silberg in the title role and was written and directed by André Génovès. Hard rock ensemble Trust dedicated two tracks ("Le Mitard" and "Instinct de Mort") to Mesrine on their 1980 album Repression. Punk group The Blood recorded a track titled "Mesrine" on their 1983 False Gestures For A Devious Public LP. There is also a Quebec-based grindcore band named Mesrine. In the French novel, Les Rivières Pourpres, the protagonist, Niémans, is implicated in Mesrine's assassination. A two-part film, L'instinct de mort (English title: Mesrine: Killer Instinct) and L'ennemi public No. 1 (English title: Mesrine: Public Enemy No. 1), recounting Mesrine's career and starring Vincent Cassel in the lead role, was released in France in 2008 and in the UK in August 2009. Popular French-Algerian rap duo PNL released a track titled "Porte de Mesrine" in 2015. Notes References Jacques Mesrine, Richard Cobb People and Places, Oxford University Press 1986. Essay appeared as review of Carey Schofield, Mesrine, The Life and Death of a Supercrook (Penguin) in the Times Literary Supplement, May 1980. Further reading External links The Indomitable Gaul! – World's Greatest Prison Escapes: Jacques Mesrine video Jacques Mesrine Interesting TV on Jacques Mesrine Information on the two films and Mesrine's autobiography: L'Instinct De Mort 1936 births 1979 deaths French bank robbers French escapees French military personnel of the Algerian War People convicted of kidnapping People convicted of robbery People from Clichy, Hauts-de-Seine People shot dead by law enforcement officers in France Suspected serial killers

The President of the Liberal Party of Australia is a senior position within the federal party. A member of both the party's two governing bodies (Federal Council, Federal Executive), the position was established at the same time as the party's foundation. The position was established by the party's constitution and has had nineteen different office-holders. The current president is John Olsen, elected president in August 2020. Presidents of the Liberal Party A list of leaders (including acting leaders) since 1945. Notes References President Liberal Party

Białęgi () is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Chojna, within Gryfino County, West Pomeranian Voivodeship, in north-western Poland, close to the German border. It lies approximately south-east of Chojna, south of Gryfino, and south of the regional capital Szczecin. For the history of the region, see History of Pomerania. References Villages in Gryfino County

Passport to Love () is a 2009 Vietnamese romantic comedy directed by Victor Vu. Produced by Infocus Media Group and Wonderboy Entertainment, the film was released on February 13, 2009 in Vietnam. The film won Audience Choice and Best Supporting Actress at Vietnam's 2008 Golden Kite Awards. Cast Huy Khanh as Hieu Binh Minh as Khang Ngoc Diep as Jennifer Tang Bao Quyen as Thao Kathy Uyen as Tiffany Kim Xuan as Mrs. Kim, Hieu's mother Nguyen Van Phuc as Mr. Hoang, Khang's father Julie Phung Tran as Mrs. Mai, Jennifer's mother Quoc Hung as Mr. Tam, Jennifer's father Phuong Anh as Katie, Tiffany's daughter Huynh Van Dua as Uncle Six David Ihrig as Officer Mills Justin Ackerman as Officer Dale Thanh Van as Tiffany's mother Mai Son Lam as MC Nguyen Hau as Restaurant manager Mai Thanh as Uncle Seven Tan Thi as Doctor Dao Thanh Liem as Waiter Peter Soto as Waiter Nguyen Kim Ngoc as Khang's maid References External links Passport to Love at AllMovie 2009 films 2000s Vietnamese-language films 2000s English-language films 2009 romantic comedy films Vietnamese romantic comedy films Films directed by Victor Vu Films set in Vietnam Films set in California Films shot in Vietnam Films shot in California Variance Films films

Fanny Anne Charsley (23 July 1828 – 21 December 1915) was a botanical artist and collector. She collected plants for the Victorian government botanist, Baron Ferdinand von Mueller who named the Australian flower Helipterum charsleyae in her honour. The flower has since been reclassified as Rhodanthe charsleyae and is a species of paper daisy. Her publication Wild Flowers Around Melbourne was one of the first books on Victorian flora aimed at the general public. Biography Charsley was born on 23 July 1828 in Beaconsfield, Buckinghamshire. She was the youngest daughter of the eleven children of solicitor John Charsley and his wife Catherine. All five sisters had artistic talent and received an education that included tuition in both drawing and watercolours. In 1856 she travelled to Australia with her family and they settled in Melbourne. She stayed in Melbourne for ten years before returning to England. During her time in Australia she painted the local flora and became a student of Ferdinand Von Mueller. Mueller was appointed as a foundation government botanist of Victoria and later became the director of the botanical gardens at Melbourne, where he had built what is now the national herbarium. He thought Charsley was a talented artist and was impressed by the veracity and intricacy of her work. She died on 21 December 1915, aged 87 at Hove in Sussex where she had been living with some of her sisters. Work and legacy Charsley's paintings were of excellent technical quality and were not only works of art but were botanically accurate. When she returned to England after 10 years, she lithographed her botanical drawings onto stone herself. These were then hand coloured and were published in London in 1867 in a book titled The Wild Flowers around Melbourne. The title page is decorated with flowers and leaves and the work is dedicated to Baron Ferdinand von Mueller. Great interest was shown in the very different and distinctive colonial flora, and Fanny's volume proved popular. This book is only one of a handful of botanical books published by women working in Australia in the later half of the 19th Century. The National Library of Australia holds her original watercolours and lithographs in an album bound in gold tooled calf and covered front and back with fretwork wooden panels. References External links Wild Flowers Around Melbourne 1828 births 1915 deaths 19th-century British women artists People from Beaconsfield Plant collectors Flora of Victoria (state)

Martin Ridge is a broad ice-covered ridge. Martin Ridge may also refer to: Martin Ridge (historian) (1923–2003), American historian See also Martin Mountain Ridge, a ridge located in Allegany County, Maryland Martin Ridge Cave System, a large cave near Mammoth Cave, Kentucky

Saint Rose is an unincorporated community located in the town of Smelser, Grant County, Wisconsin, United States. History A post office called Saint Rose was in operation from 1856 until 1882. The community took its name from Saint Rose catholic church. Notes Unincorporated communities in Grant County, Wisconsin Unincorporated communities in Wisconsin

The Burger Chef murders took place at a Burger Chef restaurant in Speedway, Indiana, United States, on the night of Friday, November 17, 1978. Four young employees went missing in what was initially thought to be a petty theft of cash from the restaurant's safe. By Saturday morning it became a clear case of robbery-kidnapping, and by Sunday, when their bodies were discovered, a case of murder. While investigators believe they have identified some or all of the perpetrators, without physical evidence they have not been able to prosecute those who remain alive. Suspected robbery and homicides Between 11:00 pm (closing time) and midnight (23:00 and 24:00 EST) on November 17, 1978, four employees of the Burger Chef restaurant at 5725 Crawfordsville Road disappeared: assistant manager Jayne Friedt, 20; Daniel Davis, 16; Mark Flemmonds, 16; and Ruth Ellen Shelton, 18. A fellow employee who came by at midnight to visit the four noticed that the restaurant was empty, the safe was open, and the back door ajar. Police found two empty currency bags and an empty roll of adhesive tape next to the open safe. Police did not initially consider the case to be serious, given that management reported the loss of only approximately US$581 () from the safe and no clear signs of a struggle. It was thought to be a case of petty theft, with the assumption that the pilfered cash had been used by the youths to go partying that night. More than US$100 in coins was left in the registers. Although the purses and jackets of the missing women had been left at the shop, the theft theory initially seemed most likely and the scene was cleaned by employees early Saturday morning. Buddy Ellwanger, a Speedway police officer who was eventually assigned to the case, admitted "we screwed it up from the beginning". Not only was the restaurant cleaned and allowed to be reopened, but no photographs were taken beforehand, effectively eliminating all potential evidence at the crime scene. When the four did not reappear the following morning and Friedt's Chevrolet Vega was found partially locked in town, concerns grew. It became evident that the youths had been abducted while closing the restaurant for the night, with the attack possibly beginning as they removed trash bags out the back door. On Sunday afternoon, hikers found the bodies of all four youths over away, a wooded area of Johnson County. Both Davis and Shelton had been shot numerous times with a .38 caliber firearm. Friedt had been stabbed twice in the chest. The handle of the knife had broken off and was missing; the blade was later recovered during an autopsy. Flemmonds was later determined to have been bludgeoned — possibly with a chain — and died from choking to death on his own blood. All four victims were still wearing their Burger Chef uniforms. Money and watches were found on the dead victims, implying that robbery might not have been the sole motive for the murders. The leading theory of investigators has been that the four victims were kidnapped during a botched robbery, possibly after one of the victims recognized one of the perpetrators. Flemmonds was covering for another employee's shift and was not scheduled to work that night, leading investigators to speculate that perhaps he was the one who recognized the killers since they had not planned on him being there. Eyewitness sightings On the night of the murders, a 16-year-old eyewitness saw two suspicious men in a car outside the Burger Chef just before closing. Both men were white and in their thirties. One man had a beard; the other was clean-shaven with light-colored ("fair") hair. The police had models of the suspects created in clay to assist the investigation. Initial investigations Later in 1978, a man in a bar in Greenwood bragged that he had been involved in the killings. Police subsequently questioned him, but he passed a polygraph claiming not to have been involved; officers were unable to bring charges on other grounds. The man provided the names of others who he suggested belonged to a fast-food robbery gang, whom investigators suspected may have been involved in the case. While following up on these leads in Franklin, officers spotted a man who bore a strong resemblance to the "bearded man" composite. Summoned for a lineup, the man shaved his beard (which he had had for the previous five years) the night before he was to appear. A neighbor of his, who had not been spotted by the original witness but who had been named by the Greenwood suspect, subsequently went to prison for armed robbery. Another associate named by the Greenwood suspect, who fit the description of the fair-haired man, also subsequently was imprisoned for other armed robberies of fast-food restaurants. However, without confessions — despite offers of plea deals to any suspects not directly responsible for the killings — and without direct physical evidence of the involvement of the suspects in the murders, the police were not able to make arrests. At the time, there was some speculation that the murders were tied to other crimes that had shocked the town over the preceding months, such as the murder of Julia Scyphers and the Speedway bombings. At the time the perpetrator of the bombings was still on the loose. However, these cases were subsequently found to be unconnected to the Burger Chef murders. Later investigations Investigators continued to follow leads relating to possible suspects as widely as Cincinnati, Milwaukee, Chicago and Dallas. However, they were not able to find any more promising leads or to locate the evidence they believed would have been most useful: the firearm, the handle of the knife, and the chain used in the murders. No perpetrators have made confessions to police, though the son of the bearded suspect has told police that he confided in him that he had been involved prior to his own death. Ken York, one of the original investigators on the case, has noted that the deaths of the Greenwood suspect and the bearded suspect, from an apparent suicide and a heart attack respectively, came suspiciously close after the release of the armed robber named by the Greenwood suspect. In 1984, Detective Mel Willsey of the Marion County Sheriff's Department received a call from Donald Forrester, an inmate at the Pendleton Correctional Facility. Forrester claimed to have been involved in the murders and was willing to confess in order to avoid his scheduled transfer to a notoriously violent state prison. Willsey received a court order to bring Forrester to Marion County, where he confessed to shooting Davis and Shelton. He then led police to the crime scene in the woods, where he accurately described the location and position of the bodies when they were found. He also knew about the broken handle of the knife, which was not widely publicized. According to Forrester, Friedt's brother James owed money on a drug deal, so he and three other associates had gone to the restaurant to threaten her, but when Flemmonds intervened to protect Friedt, a fight broke out during which Flemmonds fell and hit his head on the bumper of a car. Believing he was dead or dying, Forrester and his accomplices decided to abduct and kill all the employees to eliminate all the witnesses to their crime. Forrester claimed to have shot Davis and Shelton, and gave the names of three men he claimed were responsible for killing Flemmonds and Friedt. He then led the police to a spot where he claimed he had thrown the gun into a river. However, a thorough search of the river did not find any weapon. Willsey interviewed Forrester's ex-wife, who said that he had driven with her out to a wooded area shortly after the murders and retrieved several shell casings, which he then flushed down the toilet. Willsey then got a warrant to search the septic tank of the house, which turned up several spent .38 caliber shell casings. However, after someone within the sheriff's office leaked details of Forrester's cooperation, he suddenly recanted his confession and claimed it was coerced. With no further cooperation from Forrester and no direct evidence proving he committed the murders, Forrester was never charged. He died in prison from cancer in 2006 at age 55. Despite thousands of hours of police investigation, as well as Burger Chef offering a reward of $25,000 to anyone who could capture the murderers or provide information about their whereabouts, the attackers were never prosecuted and the case remains officially unsolved. The Indiana State Police continue to keep the case open, and have reportedly investigated the use of DNA-tracing techniques developed since the initial investigations. Memorials During the summer of 2018, the Speedway community, as well as family and friends of the victims, raised money to plant four red oak trees to honor the victims. Each tree is adorned with a plaque with a short biography of one of the victims. The original monetary goal was surpassed within 24 hours. With the extra funds, a marble bench was installed and dedicated to their family and friends. On November 10, 2018, one week before the fortieth anniversary, a small dedication ceremony for family and friends was held at the memorial site at Leonard Park in Speedway. Documentary On September 5, 2022, Investigation Discovery aired Murders at the Burger Joint. The documentary digs deep into the still unsolved murders. See also Crime in Indiana List of unsolved deaths References Mass murder in 1978 1970s kidnappings in the United States 1978 murders in the United States Kidnappings in the United States Mass murder in the United States Unsolved mass murders in the United States 1978 in Indiana Murder in Indiana November 1978 events in the United States Attacks on restaurants in North America Deaths by firearm in Indiana

On 31 March 1975, a Pilatus PC-6 Porter (registration number 9N-AAZ, and serial number 727), operated by Royal Nepal Airlines crashed in Nepal en route from Tribhuvan International Airport to Phaplu Airport on a domestic charter flight. The flight was chartered by Sir Edmund Hillary to bring his wife Louise and daughter Belinda to Phaplu, where he was building a hospital. The plane crashed shortly after takeoff. Aircraft The aircraft involved in the crash was a Pilatus PC-6 Porter operated by Royal Nepal Airlines. It was delivered to Royal Nepal Airlines in 1971. Crew and passengers All occupants on board died in the crash; they included the pilot Peter Shand, Sir Edmund Hillary's wife Louise and daughter Belinda, the family's dog and two Sherpa friends of the family. Accident The flight was a chartered flight, that took off from Tribhuvan International Airport at or before 7:30 a.m. NPT for its flight to Phaplu Airport. The aircraft took off on runway 20 in a southern direction, but the pilot directly asked for permission to land. The aircraft turned towards the right but was unable to make a landing, crashing into a ditch behind the northern end of the runway. Aftermath In her biography Keeper of the Mountains, Elizabeth Hawley describes that the pilot Peter Shand did not do a walk-around, failing to see that aileron was still fixed by a ground lock pin, because he was late to the airport and this caused the accident. The Nepali Times reported that the pilot was hired by Royal Nepal Airlines despite losing his previous job due to "carelessness". See also List of airplane accidents in Nepal References Aviation accidents and incidents in 1975 Accidents and incidents involving the Pilatus PC-6 Porter Aviation accidents and incidents in Nepal 1975 in Nepal Nepal Airlines accidents and incidents 1975 disasters in Nepal

The COVID-19 pandemic in Zamboanga Peninsula is part of the worldwide pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 () caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (). The virus reached Zamboanga Peninsula, Philippines on March 24, 2020, when the first case of the disease was confirmed in Zamboanga City. All provinces including the cities of Zamboanga and Isabela have recorded at least a single case. Timeline The first case in the Zamboanga Peninsula was confirmed in Zamboanga City on March 24, 2020. The case was that of 29-year-old male resident who arrived in the city on March 13 after visiting Metro Manila. The province of Zamboanga del Sur announced its first two cases on March 30. The day prior, the provincial government appealed passengers of Philippine Airlines flight PR2889 from Manila-Ozamis on March 14 to go to the nearest health facility if they develop COVID-19 symptoms. No new province reported COVID-19 cases until May 2020. On May 4, the first COVID-19 case was confirmed in Zamboanga del Norte, that of a case of a 63-year-old Norwegian who arrived in Dipolog on March 2. The patient was admitted to a private hospital in the city on April 26 after complaining of chest pain and was airlifted to Metro Manila on May 2. In late April 2020, Zamboanga City began to experience a rapid rise in the number of cases in its prisons. By May 4, most of Zamboanga City's cases are from inmates and personnel of the Zamboanga City Reformatory Center. Three of the confirmed cases are Bureau of Jail Management and Penology personnel while two inmates has died from COVID-19. An outbreak at the prison has already been declared by the city government. Zamboanga Sibugay reported its first case on June 24, that of a student in Imelda who arrived in the town from Cebu City on June 24. The city of Isabela in Basilan, which is also part of the Zamboanga Peninsula region despite the rest of the province under the Bangsamoro region, confirmed its first case on June 29, that of a 25-year-old female who arrived in the city from Manila on June 18. Impact The launch of a new flight route serving Zamboanga City and Kota Kinabalu of the Philippine Airlines set on March 31 was postponed due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Business plans and partnership between Zamboanga City-based businessmen and their counterparts in Sabah has been put on hold over the drastic rise of cases in the Zamboanga City in early May 2020. The COVID-19 outbreak has affected the Zamboanga City Reformatory Center which houses about 3.3 thousand inmates and about a hundred personnel despite only being designed to accommodate 400 detainees. Fish canneries in Zamboanga City announced that it would reduce the production of canned fish in the Philippines by 50–60% due to difficulties encountered following the implementation of a city-wide lockdown. The Industrial Group of Zamboanga reported that most of its workers experienced difficulties in reporting to work, despite the company offering free shuttle services, due to the wide presence of checkpoints across barangays. Fish canneries in the city also had to reduce outputs due to the deliverers of fish from Zamboanga Sibugay and Zamboanga del Norte experiencing difficulties in entering the city, as visitors are required to undergo a 14-day quarantine. This prompted most canneries to discourage deliveries. Response The whole of Zamboanga Peninsula has been placed under enhanced community quarantine (ECQ) by April 2020. When the ECQ was lifted on May 1, Zamboanga City was allowed by the Inter-Agency Task Force for the Management of Emerging Infectious Diseases to remain under ECQ until May 15. In May 2020, the Zamboanga City Medical Center COVID-19 testing laboratory started operating. Notes References Zamboanga Peninsula History of Zamboanga Peninsula

Ivan Tarek Fjellstad Näsberg (born 22 April 1996) is a Norwegian professional footballer who plays as a centre-back for Greek Super League club PAOK. Career Vålerenga Ivan Näsberg was born in Vålerenga, grew up in Vålerenga, and apart from a year in Swedish Varbergs BoIS, he played his entire career in Vålerenga. In other words: He is a real Vålerenga boy. Ivan is a defensive player and is used both in center and as a left back. Näsberg made his league debut in July 2013 against Viking. Born in Oslo on April 22, 1996, he started playing football in Valerenga at the age of 5, a lifetime, he is in the same team doing all the steps from the bottom up. Somehow he made his debut in the first division in 2013 at the age of just 17 years old. In his early seasons he did not play a significant role, but for the last four seasons he has established himself as a key player playing in 85 games out of a total of 141 appearances with the Oslo team jersey.With a height of 1.86m. Näsberg was on the transfer lists of Crystal Palace and Fulham, having stood out for his ability to "build" the game from the defense, with his appearances during that time not going unnoticed and the English press characterizing him "A very good solution at a low cost and with an eye on the future." At that time the sale price was set at 1.2 million euros, around these numbers were traded by the people of Valerenga and Crystal Palace, however in the winter of 2021 the Londoners turned to other cases of defense and the issue of the Norwegian stopper remained aside. PAOK The Norwegian Ivan Näsberg comes with a free transfer, to sign for the Thessaloniki team of PAOK. Career statistics Club References 1996 births Living people Footballers from Oslo Norwegian men's footballers Norway men's under-21 international footballers Norway men's youth international footballers Men's association football defenders Vålerenga Fotball players Varbergs BoIS players Eliteserien players Super League Greece players PAOK FC players Norwegian Second Division players Superettan players Norwegian expatriate men's footballers Expatriate men's footballers in Sweden Norwegian expatriate sportspeople in Sweden Expatriate men's footballers in Greece Norwegian expatriate sportspeople in Greece

Cosme García Sáez (born 1818 in Logroño, died in 1874 in Madrid) was a Spanish inventor. It is claimed that he was first to invent a submersible, preceding those of Narciso Monturiol and Isaac Peral. He was self-taught without formal training in engineering. However, three naval submarines (A-3, S-34 and S-83) have been named after him. See also Submarine History of submarines References Submarines 1818 births 1874 deaths Submarine pioneers

Seremban may refer to: Seremban Seremban District Seremban (federal constituency), represented in the Dewan Rakyat Seremban Barat (federal constituency), formerly represented in the Dewan Rakyat (1959–74) Seremban Timor (federal constituency), formerly represented in the Dewan Rakyat (1959–74) Seremban (state constituency), formerly represented in the Negeri Sembilan State Council (1955–59)

Professional courtesy generally refers to the etiquette extended between members of the same profession. The concept of professional courtesy is believed to have originated within the ancient practice of medicine whereby physicians provided services to other physicians without charge. However, the philosophy does not necessarily involve the same courtesy across all professions, nor is professional courtesy a mandated privilege, but is freely given at the discretion of the party extending the courtesy. While the etiquette is not limited to physicians, the medical profession is likely the oldest and best-known one for having such a longstanding practice among its members. Some other well-known groups that have some form of professional courtesy are attorneys, performing artists, and law enforcement officers. Within the law enforcement community, the term is used as a euphemism for criminal corruption and racketeering within police departments. The phrase may also describe the ethical conduct of lawyers towards each other. A well-known American joke, versions of which date to the 1870s, revolves around sharks or wolves extending (or not extending) "professional courtesy" to lawyers. In medicine In 1803, Thomas Percival wrote a classic essay on medical ethics that endorsed complimentary professional care to “All members of the profession, including apothecaries as well as physicians and surgeons, together with their wives and children, should be attended gratuitously.” In 1847, the American Medical Association's Code of Ethics similarly endorsed waiving charges for services to other physicians and their families, This is likely the first modern-day documentation of the philosophy. Among physicians it has been historically traditional to provide medical care at no or reduced cost to physician colleagues and their immediate family members. The original purpose of this practice was to discourage physicians from treating themselves and members of their own family. The custom dates back to Hippocrates, well before physicians had attained middle-class incomes. Though, in the United Kingdom for example, there is no law against doctors treating family members a bonus of this is that it avoids questions of objectivity and the danger of emotional attachment colouring assessment and treatment. However, physicians regularly providing free or reduced rate services as professional courtesy must remain mindful in an age of copays, insurance-only billing, and referrals, as the practice can run afoul of the law under some circumstances or redundant in countries which offer universal healthcare. In 1994, the American Medical Association issued a Code of Medical Ethics Opinion advising that free-of-charge and reduced rate services were not an ethical requirement, and that physicians should use their own judgment when deciding to extend such professional courtesy. In law enforcement The term has been used to refer to the practice by law enforcement officers allowing other officers to engage in traffic violations and some crimes without being reported or arrested. Some US states (such as California) issue confidential license plates to employees in law enforcement, and other public officials. The plates keep identities and addresses anonymous, allowing employees the inadvertent ability to travel on tollways without charge. Even serious offenses such as drunk driving are subject to professional courtesy discretion, and federal law assists in the process by exempting police officers and firefighters from a federal law that requires truck drivers to be blood-tested after an accident. Some police unions offer law enforcement employees the purchase of a courtesy card that they can give to friends and family to produce at a traffic stop to identify them as a family member. Critics of the ethical actions of police officers purport that where an ordinary member of the public would get a ticket, this notification card will lead the officer to overlook any violations of the law the person may have made and tell them to go on their way. In theater Until the 1960s, it was customary for theater management to admit members of Actors Equity and other members of the profession to Broadway shows for free. This practice continues in the Off-Off-Broadway world, where members of Equity must be admitted free of charge to any Showcase production in which there is a member of the union in the cast if there are seats left at curtain time. This applies as well to bona fide producers, directors, and casting directors, who do not have to wait until showtime to be seated. References Etiquette Medical ethics Professional ethics

Cecil Green (né Judge Cecil Holt; September 30, 1919 – July 29, 1951) was an American racecar driver from Dallas, Texas. Racing career Green won 34 midget races between 1948 and 1950 in Oklahoma and Missouri, and several more in Texas. He won the 1949 Oklahoma City and Southwest AAA titles. He won in seven different Offenhauser cars. Green placed fourth in his first Indianapolis 500 in 1950. He finished 22nd in the 1951 Indianapolis 500. Green was killed while attempting to qualify for an AAA sprint car race at Funk's Speedway in Winchester, Indiana on July 29, 1951, a day which became known as "Black Sunday". Green was a World War II veteran, having enlisted in the United States Army in Houston in April 1942. At that time he was a married man residing at an unincorporated section of Harris County – the same county where the Houston metropolitan area lies. In the United States Army Green reached the rank of corporal, becoming a Fifth Grade Technician in the Ordnance Department. Career award Green was inducted in the National Midget Auto Racing Hall of Fame in 2003. Indy 500 results World Championship career summary The Indianapolis 500 was part of the FIA World Championship from 1950 through 1960. Drivers competing at Indy during those years were credited with World Championship points and participation. Cecil Green participated in 2 World Championship races. He started on the pole 0 times, won 0 races, set 0 fastest laps, and finished on the podium 0 times. He accumulated a total of 3 championship points. References 1919 births 1951 deaths Racing drivers from Dallas Indianapolis 500 drivers AAA Championship Car drivers Racing drivers who died while racing Sports deaths in Indiana

Loen may refer to: People Dagfinn Loen Johann Michael von Loën (1694–1776), German writer and statesman John van Loen (born 1965), Dutch football player Maria of Loen-Heinsberg Sjur Loen (born 1958), Norwegian curler Youri Loen (born 1991), Dutch football player Places Loen, Norway Other LOEN Entertainment, South Korean record label

Telman Aliyev (Azerbaijani: Telman Əliyev) is an Azerbaijani scientist. His research focuses on noise, especially regarding technology used to control and manipulate noise. Experience 1958-1984, Institute of Control Systems of Azerbaijan National Academy of Sciences, technician, engineer, junior research fellow, senior research fellow, deputy director 1988-at present, Azerbaijan University of Architecture and Construction, the head of the chair 1988-2020 Institute of Control Systems, Director 2020-at present, Advisor of Azerbaijan National Academy of Sciences. Research Telman Aliev developed the theory and technology of noise analysis of random signals. He also proposed algorithms and technologies for analyzing the noise as a carrier of useful information, showing the possibility of their use in control systems and also for correction of errors of traditional methods of signal analysis. Another result of his work is a technology for generating equivalent random signals, in which the estimates of the correlation, spectral and other characteristics of the useful signal and the noise coincide with the corresponding estimates of the source random signal. This opened up the possibility of significantly increasing the amount of information retrieved from noisy signals and ensuring a significant increase in the adequacy of solving many important problems. Aliev established that at the beginning of the latent period of catastrophic accidents of technical facilities, only the estimates of the noise of the signal change, while the readings of the measuring instruments of control systems remain unchanged, and only the noise becomes the carrier of diagnostic information. As a result, intelligent systems have been developed for Noise control of the beginning, dynamics of development and prediction of accidents on offshore platforms, at oil and gas production facilities at drilling rigs, at power engineering facilities, at pumping stations, in heating systems, on the rolling stock of trains, as well as on the railroad track, bridges and tunnels, etc. On the basis of networks of 10 seismic-acoustic stations for Noise monitoring the beginning of earthquake preparation, an intelligent seismic-acoustic warning system also was created. The system alarms about the start of a change in the seismic situation, determining the zone of the focus of the expected earthquake. Proposed noise analysis technologies Technologies proposed by Aliev included a technology for analyzing noise as a carrier of useful information, which allows determining the estimate of the cross-correlation function between the useful signal and the noise, and the noise variance, not only ensuring the adequacy of the solution, but also significantly expanding the area of practical application of these technologies. Furthermore, he proposed a technology for using smartphones and laptops for daily monitoring of the state of the heart by noise analysis of the noise of heart sounds. Books Noise Control of Heart by Means of a Mobile Phone () Noise Technologies for Minimization of Damage Caused by Earthquakes () Digital Noise Monitoring of Defect Origin () Robust Technology with Analysis of Interference in Signal Processing () Robust Computer Analysis () Fundamentals of Experimental Analysis () Experimental Analysis () Medals and rewords Keldysh medal - 1991 Honour Medal of Azerbaijan Republic - 2004 References External links http://www.TelmanAliev.az http://www.Science.az http://www.Cyber.az 1935 births Living people Azerbaijani engineers Azerbaijani academicians

Langar cum Barnstone is a civil parish in the Rushcliffe district of Nottinghamshire, England. The parish contains 24 listed buildings that are recorded in the National Heritage List for England. Of these, one is listed at Grade I, the highest of the three grades, one is at Grade II*, the middle grade, and the others are at Grade II, the lowest grade. The parish contains the villages of Langar and Barnstone and the surrounding countryside. All the listed buildings are in the villages, and consist of a church, tombs and headstones in the churchyard, the churchyard wall, houses, cottages and associated structures, farmhouses and farm buildings, a public house, a former school, a war memorial and a telephone kiosk. Key Buildings References Citations Sources Lists of listed buildings in Nottinghamshire

Tornado, also called Upper Falls, is a census-designated place (CDP) in Kanawha County, West Virginia, United States. Four agencies of the United States government determine the official name of the community. The United States Postal Service established the Upper Falls of Coal Post Office in 1851, then replaced it with the Tornado Post Office in 1881 and today delivers mail within ZIP Code 25202 addressed to either Tornado or Upper Falls. The United States Board on Geographic Names authenticated the name of the community as Tornado in 1980, changed it to Upper Falls in 2010 and back to Tornado in 2013. After approving the replacement of the Tornado CDP with the much larger Upper Falls CDP in 2010, the Kanawha County Commission decided in 2013 that residents of the community supported the name Tornado over Upper Falls and requested that the name be changed back. The United States Census Bureau originated the Tornado CDP in 1990, changed to the Upper Falls CDP in 2010 and then to the Tornado CDP for 2020. The United States National Geodetic Survey maintains a bench mark in the community named Upper Falls, which has never changed. The 2000 Tornado CDP had a population of 1,111 and a total area of 3.60 square miles. The 2010 Upper Falls CDP, which was much larger, had a population of 3,701 and a total area of 17.18 square miles, making it the largest CDP in West Virginia by area. The 2020 Tornado CDP is again much smaller, with a population of 1,081 and a total area of 3.67 square miles. The adjacent Coal River gives the community its historical name from the cascading waters of its Upper Falls. Geography Tornado is located at (38.342778, −81.844167). According to the United States Census Bureau, the CDP has a total area of , of which are land and , or 2.37%, is water. The United States Geological Survey locates the community's namesake Upper Falls of Coal River at 38°20′33″N 81°50′29″W (38.342594, −81.841518). The United States National Geodetic Survey bench mark in the community is at 38°20′23″N 81°50′20″W (38.339722, −81.838889). Demographics The current Tornado CDP is much smaller than the Upper Falls CDP of 2010, with a total population of 1,081, a total area of 3.67 square miles, median household income of $67,564, 18.7% of residents attaining a bachelor's degree or higher, an employment rate of 55.9%, 446 total households, 441 total housing units and 4.2% without health care coverage. 2010 census In 2010, the CDP was named Upper Falls and was much larger than the current CDP. As of the census of 2010, there were 3,701 people, 1,458 households, and 1,072 families residing in the community. The Upper Falls CDP, which spanned , constituted the largest CDP in West Virginia by area. The population density was 218.6 people per square mile (84.4/km2). There were 1,549 housing units at an average density of 91.7/sq mi (35.3/km2). The racial makeup of the community was 96.8% White, 1.1% African American, 0.4% American Indian and Alaska Natives, 0.3% Asian, 0.1% from other races, and 1.3% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.4% of the population. There were 1,458 households, out of which 33.6% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 59.3% were married couples living together, 9.6% had a female householder with no husband present, 4.6% had a male householder with no wife present, and 26.5% were non-families. 20.9% of all households were made up of individuals, and 8.1% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.54, and the average family size was 2.93. The community's age distribution was 19.4% under the age of 15, 10.2% from 15 to 24, 25.2% from 25 to 44, 31% from 45 to 64, and 14.2% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 41 years. For every 100 females there were 97.9 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 96.4 males. 2000 census In 2000, the CDP was named Tornado and covered a much smaller area than the Upper Falls CDP of 2010. For the census of 2000, there were 1,111 people, 419 households, and 330 families residing in the CDP, which had a total area of 3.60 square miles and a population density of 309.0 people per square mile (119.2/km2). There were 437 housing units at an average density of 121.6/sq mi (46.9/km2). The racial makeup of the CDP was 97.21% White, 0.36% African American, 0.27% Asian, 0.09% Pacific Islander, 0.09% from other races, and 1.98% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.54% of the population. There were 419 households, out of which 37.2% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 68.7% were married couples living together, 8.6% had a female householder with no husband present, and 21.2% were non-families. 17.7% of all households were made up of individuals, and 6.7% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.65 and the average family size was 3.01. In Tornado the population was spread out, with 26.8% under the age of 18, 6.2% from 18 to 24, 32.2% from 25 to 44, 23.7% from 45 to 64, and 11.1% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 37 years. For every 100 females, there were 98.7 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 91.7 males. The median income for a household in the CDP was $50,000, and the median income for a family was $50,350. Males had a median income of $31,932 versus $25,670 for females. The per capita income for the CDP was $18,999. About 2.3% of families and 3.1% of the population were below the poverty line, including 6.3% of those under age 18 and none of those age 65 or over. History The Upper Falls of the Coal River was discovered in 1742 by John Peter Salling during an expedition along the Coal River. Salling and four companions each received a governor's commission from the state of Virginia to explore the territory east of the Mississippi River, in return for land grants. It was this group that also discovered coal along the banks of the Coal River. It was not until after the Revolutionary War that European settlers began moving into the area. Even then, the few who survived the attacks of the native peoples usually fled to safer destinations. But by around 1800, a gristmill was established by Joseph Thomas at the Upper Falls which continued in operation until the 1930s. Beginning about 1830, timber harvested from the region was floated on the Coal River to Saint Albans. At the same time, great quantities of marketable cannel coal were found on the upper Coal River. However, only at periods of high water could logs and shallow wooden boats loaded with coal be drifted over the Upper Falls and Lower Falls and on down the river. A system of wooden-crib locks and dams designed to make Coal River navigable was constructed in the 1850s to transport cannel coal, bituminous coal, coal oil and timber to market. This began the era of two-way commercial steamboat traffic on the river. The Upper Falls was the site of Upper Falls Lock and Dam, and Edward Kenna, who also developed a sawmill at the Upper Falls around 1850, was lockmaster; his son, John Edward Kenna, later served as U.S. senator from West Virginia. Damage caused by ongoing flooding and the outbreak of the Civil War suspended steam tug navigation of Coal River. Traffic resumed after the war, but ended permanently in 1881. From 1858, at least ten failed attempts were made to build a rail line up the Coal River. Finally, under the direction of General Cornelius Clarkson Watts, a Confederate veteran, construction of the Coal River and Western Railway began in 1902 and was completed in 1904. The lasting economic boom brought by the railroad to the region saw the bustling Upper Falls Station offer daily service for both passengers and freight. Timber extraction largely ended in the 1920s, but the rail line, now owned by CSX Transportation, still transports massive amounts of bituminous coal to global markets. There was a rapid influx of people to the area during and soon after World War II, and many came to live in Tornado. They found employment in the defense and chemical manufacturing industries in the Kanawha Valley and benefited from economic prosperity as a result. Today, the community is a residential suburb and recreation destination of the Charleston metropolitan area. Post offices The Upper Falls of Coal Post Office, the first to serve the area, was established in 1851. During Reconstruction, it was replaced by a post office named Tornado in 1881. Today, residents who receive mail at ZIP Code 25177 use the city name St. Albans, while those at ZIP Code 25202 use either Tornado or Upper Falls, with both names in general use. Other names Since the earliest European settlers moved into the region in the 1700s, the community was also known as Upper Falls of Coal River. Andrews Heights is an area named for landowner R. Carl Andrews, who served as mayor of Charleston from 1947 to 1950 and was a Democratic candidate for governor of West Virginia in 1940. Andrews Heights Elementary School is named for Mayor Andrews. Big Bend is an area of the community that is circumscribed by the Big Bend of Coal River and gives Big Bend Golf Course its name. Transportation During its history, transportation infrastructure serving the community has included highway, rail and river transport. Highway The primary means of transportation throughout the CDP today is by secondary highways. 2020 census The 2020 Tornado CDP is much smaller than the 2010 Upper Falls CDP. In a clockwise direction on the map, Coal River Road (Kanawha County Highway 3) intersects the northern boundary of Tornado at Browns Creek and (CH 9/1) crosses the southern border at the Lincoln County line. Falls Creek Road (CH 3) also intersects the southern boundary at the Lincoln County line. 2010 census The 2010 Upper Falls CDP was much larger than the 2020 Tornado CDP. In a clockwise direction on the map, Coal River Road (Kanawha County Highway 3) intersected the northern boundary of Upper Falls at Tear Drop Lane (private). Dogwood Road (CH 6/6) crossed the northern border at the Armstrong Tunnel. Smith Creek Road (CH 9) demarcated the CDP to the east at Dry Ridge Road (CH 8). Coal River Road (CH 9/1) crossed the southern border at the Lincoln County line. Falls Creek Road (CH 3) intersected the southern boundary at the Lincoln County line, as well. Woods Drive (CH 1/3) crossed to the west at the Putnam County line. Finally, Browns Creek Road (CH 1) delimited the CDP at the intersection of Bryants Branch Road (CH 3/3) to the north. Rail The Coal River subdivision, a CSX Transportation main line, runs essentially parallel to the river on its east side and is used primarily to transport coal from the Southern West Virginia coalfields to global markets. There was once a railroad station in the community named "Upper Falls Station." River The Coal River is still designated by the federal government as a navigable waterway, though the 19th century system of locks and dams that made commercial transportation possible no longer exists. Education Educational opportunities: Andrews Heights Elementary School, 7776 Coal River Road Humphreys After School Program, 7799 Coal River Road Recreation Recreational possibilities: Big Bend Golf Course, 151 Riverview Drive Coal River Meadowood Park, 292 Pettigrew Lane Mountaineer Radio Control Flying Club, 8004 Smith Creek Road Walhonde Trail Religion Community churches: Browns Creek Church of God, 2550 Browns Creek Road Humphreys Memorial United Methodist Church, 7799 Coal River Road New Hope Baptist Church, 9414 Coal River Road Pleasant Hill Baptist Church, 7398 Smith Creek Road Riverview Freewill Baptist Church, 10603 Coal River Road Tornado Apostolic Church, 1100 Gore Addition Road References External links History of Upper Falls, West Virginia Curlie Directory for Tornado Curlie Directory for Upper Falls 2020 Tornado CDP at the U.S. Census Bureau 2010 Upper Falls CDP Demographic Data 2010 Upper Falls CDP Geographic Data 2010 Upper Falls CDP Map 25177 ZIP Code Map 25202 ZIP Code Map Upper Falls Geographic Features Upper Falls Recreation Tornado Populated Place at the U.S. Geological Survey Tornado CDP at the U.S. Geological Survey Upper Falls CDP at the U.S. Geological Survey Census-designated places in Kanawha County, West Virginia Census-designated places in West Virginia Charleston, West Virginia metropolitan area

The non-marine molluscs of South Korea are a part of the molluscan fauna of South Korea (wildlife of South Korea, environment of South Korea). A number of species of non-marine molluscs are found in the wild in South Korea. For example, there are 87 non-marine molluscs on Jeju Island Freshwater gastropods Semisulcospiridae Semisulcospira libertina (Gould, 1859) Lymnaeidae Austropeplea ollula (Gould, 1859) Galba truncatula (O. F. Müller, 1774) Radix auricularia (Linnaeus, 1758) Physidae Physella acuta (Draparnaud, 1805) Planorbidae Gyraulus convexiusculus Hutton, 1849 Polypylis hemisphaerula (Benson, 1842) Hippeutis cantori (Benson, 1850) Land gastropods Land gastropods in South Korea include: Hydrocenidae Georissa japonica Pilsbry, 1900 Cyclophoridae Cyclophorus herklotsi von Martens, 1861 Platyraphe minutus quelpartensis (Pilsbry & Hirase, 1908) Cyclotus campanulatus von Martens, 1865 Nakadaella micron (Pilsbry, 1900) Spirostoma japonicum japonicum (A. Adams, 1867) Chamalycaeus kurodai (Pilsbry & Hirase, 1908) Chamalycaeus hirasei (Pilsbry, 1900) Chamalycaeus cyclophoroides (Pilsbry & Hirase, 1909) Nobuea elegantistriata Kuroda & Miyanaga, 1943 Nobuea sp. of Kimura & Noseworthy (2020) Pupinidae Pupinella rufa (Sowerby, 1864) Diplommatinidae Arinia chejuensis Kwon & Lee, 1991 Palaina pusilla (von Martens, 1877) Diplommatina paxillus (Gredler, 1881) Diplommatina changensis (Kwon & Lee, 1991) Diplommatina chejuensis (Kwon & Lee, 1991) Diplommatina tyosenica Kuroda & Miyanaga, 1939 Diplommatina kyobuntoensis Kuroda & Miyanaga, 1943 Assimineidae Paludinellassiminea japonica (Pilsbry, 1901) Paludinellassiminea stricta (Gould, 1859) Paludinellassiminea tanegashimae (Pilsbry, 1924) Ellobiidae Allochroa layardi (H. Adams & A. Adams, 1855) Ellobium chinense (Pfeiffer, 1864) Laemodonta monilifera (H. Adams & A. Adams, 1854) Laemodonta exaratoides Kawabe, 1992 Laemodonta octanfracta (Jonas, 1845) Laemodonta siamensis (Morelet, 1875) Microtralia acteocinoides Kuroda & Habe in Habe, 1961 Melampus nuxcastaneus Kuroda, 1949 Melampus fasciatus (Deshayes, 1830) Melampus taeniolus Hombron & Jaquinot, 1854 Carychiidae Carychium noduliferum Reinhardt, 1877 Carychium pessimum Pilsbry, 1902 Koreozospeum nodongense Lee, Prozorova & Jochum, 2015 Rathouisiidae Rathouisiidae sp. of Kimura et al. (2020) Subulinidae Allopeas clavulinum (Potiez & Michaud, 1838) Allopeas clavulinum pyrgula (Schmacker & Boettger, 1891) Allopeas clavulinum kyotense (Pilsbry & Hirase, 1904) Diapheridae Sinoennea iwakawa (Pilsbry, 1900) Sinoennea cave (Pilsbry & Hirase, 1908) Succineidae Oxyloma hirasei (Pilsbry, 1901) Neosuccinea horticola koreana Pilsbry, 1926 Cochlicopidae Cochlicopa lubrica (Müller, 1774) Gastrocoptidae Gastrocopta armigerella (Reinhardt, 1877) Gastrocopta coreana (Pilsbry, 1916) Gastrocopta jinjiroi Kuroda & Hukuda, 1944 Vertiginidae Vertigo japonica coreana Pilsbry, 1919 Vertigo alpestris uturyotoensis Kuroda & Hukuda, 1944 Pupillidae Pupilla cryptodon (Heude, 1880) Pyramidulidae Pyramidula micra Pilsbry, 1926 Pyramidula kobayashii Kuroda & Hukuda, 1944 Valloniidae Vallonia costata (O. F. Müller, 1774) Zoogenetes harpa (Say, 1824) Zoogenetes tyosenica Kuroda & Hukuda, 1944 Strobilopsidae Eostrobilops hirasei (Pilsbry, 1908) Eostrobilops coreana (Pilsbry, 1926–1927) Truncatellinidae Columella edentula (Draparnaud, 1805) Enidae Ena coreanica Pilsbry & Hirase, 1908 Mirus junensis Kwon & Lee, 1991 Clausiliidae Euphaedusa fusaniana (Pilsbry & Hirase, 1908) Euphaedusa fusaniana uturyotoensis Kuroda & Hukuda, 1944 Euphaedusa aculus coreana (Möllendorff, 1887) Euphaedusa aculus mokpoensis (Pilsbry & Hirase, 1908) Euphaedusa gottschei (Möllendorff, 1887) Euphaedusa hukudai (Kuroda & Miyanaga, 1943) Reinia variegata (Adams, 1868) Reinia sieboldtii insularis (Kuroda & Hukuda, 1944) Zaptyx miyanagai (Kuroda, 1936) Zaptyx miyanagai ullundoensis (Kwon & Lee, 1991) Helicarionidae Trochochlamys crenulata (Gude, 1900) Gastrodontella stenogyra (A. Adams, 1868) Yamatochlamys lampra (Pilsbry & Hirase, 1904) Bekkochlamys subrejecta (Pilsbry & Hirase in Hirase, 1908) Bekkochlamys quelpartensis (Pilsbry & Hirase, 1908) Nipponochlamys fusanus (Hirase, 1908) Nipponochlamys hypostilbe (Pilsbry & Hirase, 1909) Otesiopsis sp. of Kimura et al. (2019) Euconulidae Coneuplecta circumcincta (Reinhardt, 1883) Coneuplecta japonica (Kuroda & Miyanaga, 1943) Coneuplecta chejuensis (Kwon & Lee, 1991) Parasitala miyanagai (Kuroda & Hukuda, 1944) Discoconulus sinapidium (Reinhardt, 1877) Limacidae Limax flavus Linnaeus, 1758 Lehmannia marginata (O. F. Müller, 1774) Agriolimacidae Deroceras reticulatum (Müller, 1774) Philomycidae Meghimatium bilineatum (Benson, 1842) Meghimatium fruhstorferi (Collinge, 1901) Camaenidae Aegista chejuensis (Pilsbry & Hirase, 1908) Aegista chosenica (Pilsbry, 1906) Aegista gottschei (Möllendorff, 1887) Aegista gottschei fusanica (Pilsbry, 1926) Aegista gottschei kyobuntonis Kuroda & Miyanaga, 1943 Aegista proxima (Pilsbry & Hirase, 1909) Aegista pyramidata (Pilsbry, 1926) Aegista quelpartensis (Pilsbry & Hirase, 1904) Aegista tenuissima (Pilsbry & Hirase, 1908) Trishoplita pumilio (Pilsbry & Hirase, 1909) Lepidopisum verrucosum (Reinhardt, 1877) Karaftohelix kurodana (Pilsbry, 1926) Karaftohelix koreana (Pfeiffer, 1850) Karaftohelix adamsi (Kuroda & Hukuda, 1944) Acusta sieboldiana (Pfeiffer, 1850) Satsuma myomphala (Martens, 1865) Euhadra herklotsi (von Martens, 1860) Euhadra dixoni (Pilsbry, 1900) Nesiohelix samarangae Kuroda & Miyanaga, 1943 Freshwater bivalves Unionidae Rafinesque, 1820 Cristaria plicata (Leach, 1814) Anemina arcaeformis (Heude, 1877) See also Lists of molluscs of surrounding countries: List of non-marine molluscs of North Korea, Wildlife of North Korea List of non-marine molluscs of China List of non-marine molluscs of Japan References Molluscs South Korea South Korea

The 1986 United States elections were held on November 4 and elected the members of the 100th United States Congress. The elections occurred in the middle of Republican President Ronald Reagan's second term. Democrats regained unified control of both chambers of Congress for the first time since the 1980 elections. In an instance of the six-year itch phenomenon, the Democrats won a net gain of eight seats to recapture control of the United States Senate, taking back the chamber for the first time since the 1980 elections. Democrats won the national popular vote for the House of Representatives by a margin of 7.7 percentage points, making a net gain of five seats. Despite Democratic congressional gains, in the gubernatorial elections, the Republican Party picked up a net of eight governorships, making 1986 the last midterm election until 2022 that the president's party made gubernatorial gains. The national campaign centered largely around the Senate, where Republicans defended a large freshman class of Senators. Despite sweeping Democratic gains, many of the losing Republicans incumbents lost by small margins. The Republican loss of the Senate put an effective check on any further major conservative legislation during the Reagan administration. The elections also had a major impact on the Supreme Court, as Republican losses helped ensure that Robert Bork's nomination to the Supreme Court would be defeated by the Senate. After the Senate rejected the conservative Bork, Reagan instead nominated Anthony Kennedy, who became a critical swing vote on the court. See also 1986 United States House of Representatives elections 1986 United States Senate election 1986 United States gubernatorial elections References 1986 United States midterm elections November 1986 events in the United States

Estadio Nuevo Mirador is the Municipal Stadium of Algeciras, Spain. It is the home stadium of the football club, Algeciras CF. The stadium with a capacity for 7,200 spectators, and measuring 105 by 68 metres, is a modern sports complex located in the industrial area of La Menacha, and also houses the offices of the club. The new stadium was inaugurated in 1999, replacing an earlier stadium which was used from 1954 until 1999. Links Estadios de España References Buildings and structures in Algeciras Sports venues completed in 1999 Football venues in Andalusia 1999 establishments in Spain Sport in Algeciras

Ancylosis nervosella is a species of snout moth in the genus Ancylosis. It was described by Zerny, in 1914, and is known from Kazakhstan and Russia. References Moths described in 1914 nervosella Moths of Asia Moths of Europe

Bread bags or ration bags are small to medium-sized bags issued to soldiers to carry their rations and personal things. Often, such as in the case of Swiss and World War II German designs, they will have straps for attaching to belts and/or bikes.They can be commonly found in the military surplus market and are often bought by collectors and people finding new uses for them. References Personal military carrying equipment

Attatha ino is a species of moth of the family Noctuidae. It was described by Dru Drury in 1782 from "Madras". Description Upperside: Antennae brown and setaceous (bristly). Head cream coloured. Neck black. Thorax and abdomen cream coloured, the former having some black spots on it. Anterior wings cream coloured, with a large triangular black spot placed at the tips, another on the middle of the wings, extending across from the anterior edges almost to the lower corners. There are also two small ones next the shoulders. The external edges have a row of small black spots placed thereon. Posterior wings cream coloured, tinctured with red, with a faint black border, rising at the upper corners where it is broadest, and running half-way to the abdominal ones, gradually narrowing. Underside: Palpi, breast, legs, sides and abdomen cream coloured. Wings reddish cream, without any marks; the black marks, etc. on the upperside being faintly perceived. Margins of the wings entire. Wing span inches (33 mm). References Catocalinae Moths described in 1782 Descriptions from Illustrations of Exotic Entomology

Erna Martha Frins Pereira (born 31 December 1960) is a Uruguayan physicist. She works as a professor and researcher at the University of the Republic. She was president of the Uruguayan Physics Society from 2007 to 2011. In 2012 she won the National L'Oréal-UNESCO Award for Women in Science for her research in environmental physics. Career Between 1979 and 1986, Frins studied chemistry and physics at the University of the Republic. In 1992 she obtained a master's degree in physics from the Technical University of Berlin, Germany, with a thesis on the properties of solid state tuneable lasers. In 1992 she joined the Institute of Physics of the University of the Republic's . In 1998 she completed her PhD in sciences with a specialization in physics at Goethe University Frankfurt, from the study of applications in optics of topological phases. Beginning in 1999 she coordinated a research team focused on the development of optical methods for remote monitoring of the atmosphere at the Institute of Physics, Applied Optics Group of the University of the Republic. She is a Grade 4 Associate Professor at the Faculty of Engineering of the University of the Republic and Grade 4 researcher of the (PEDECIBA). Since 2004 she has been an active member of the National System of Researchers of Uruguay. Frins was president of the Uruguayan Physics Society for two consecutive periods between 2007 and 2011. In 2012 she won the National L'Oréal-UNESCO Award for Women in Science, for her project "Métodos ópticos para el estudio de emisiones gaseosas generadas en la operación de centrales térmicas". The project focuses on the development of an optical method for the study of gas emissions in thermal power plants. The technology allows the location of gases that pollute the atmosphere, placing them at specific coordinates. Frins has carried out numerous research projects in different scientific areas, and has more than 60 publications in scientific media. References External links Personal page at the University of the Republic Faculty of Engineering 1960 births Goethe University Frankfurt alumni Living people L'Oréal-UNESCO Awards for Women in Science laureates People from Paysandú Technical University of Berlin alumni Academic staff of the University of the Republic (Uruguay) Uruguayan physicists Uruguayan women physicists

Transport in East Anglia consists of extensive road and rail networks as well as one of England's key regional airports and the country's busiest container port. Despite having very little motorway within their borders, the counties of Suffolk, Norfolk and Cambridgeshire have modern transport links with the rest of the country. Airports Norwich Airport is the major passenger airport within East Anglia. In 2011 it was the 25th busiest airport in the United Kingdom and deals with over 400,000 passengers a year. Airlines operating from the airport include KLM, Loganair and TUI Airways. Destinations served by the airport include Amsterdam Airport Schiphol, a major European and world hub airport, and domestic locations such as Exeter and Aberdeen as well as locations in countries such as Spain, Turkey and Greece. There are a number of other private airfields in the region, including heliports servicing the North Sea oil and gas industry such as at Great Yarmouth – North Denes Airport and at Norwich Airport. Regular flights from Cambridge Airport operated to destinations such as Jersey with occasional flights to other European destinations. All scheduled and charter flights were halted at the end of January 2016 due to a lack of passenger numbers. Stansted Airport is located just outside the region in north-west Essex. This is the third busiest airport in the UK and the closest major airport to East Anglia. Rail The East Coast Main Line passes through the region with some express trains stopping at Peterborough. Local services on this line also stop at St Neots and Huntingdon. The other Inter City route in the region is the Great Eastern Main Line which has Norwich as its terminus. Major stations in the region on this route include Ipswich, Stowmarket and Diss. Major commuter lines in the region include the West Anglia Main Line which connects Cambridge with London Liverpool Street and the Cambridge Line which connects the city with London King's Cross. These routes all run north-south and connect the region with London and, in the case of the East Coast Main Line, with cities in the north of Britain. Routes running east-west in the region include connections between Ipswich and Cambridge and onward towards Birmingham New Street and the line connecting Norwich and Liverpool Lime Street via the Midlands. More local routes include the East Suffolk Line, the Wherry Lines and Bittern Line around Norwich, the Felixstowe Branch Line and the Fen Line connecting Cambridge with Kings Lynn. The majority of services in the region are operated by Abellio Greater Anglia, including all services from London to Norwich. London North Eastern Railway operates services on the East Coast Main Line and Great Northern operates local services on this line and some services through Cambridge. East Midlands Railway operates services from Norwich to Liverpool and CrossCountry runs trains west from the Cambridge area. The Dutchflyer service runs from Cambridge and Lowestoft to the port of Harwich to link with the Stena Line ferry service to Hook of Holland. A variety of rail freight services run throughout the region. The Port of Felixstowe is a major focus for these with around 830,000 containers travelling by rail in 2013. This equates to over a quarter of all container traffic leaving the port as of early 2013. in June 2013 a new nine track container terminal opened, expanding the number of lines available to 20. The new terminal is the third at the port and the first in the country to be capable of handling 30-wagon trains. Freightliner have a depot at Ipswich station. The Ipswich Railway Chord opened in March 2014. This links the East Suffolk Line with the Great Eastern Main Line at Ipswich, allowing easier access to the national rail network for rail freight from Felixstowe. Road Two small stretches of motorway run through East Anglia, with the end of the M11 south of Cambridge and sections of the A1 in Cambridgeshire and around Peterborough being classed as motorway. Main trunk routes maintained by National Highways in the region include the A1, A11, A12, A14 and A47. A variety of other major roads run through the region, maintained by county councils. The A14 is particularly significant as an east-west route, linking the Port of Felixstowe with the Midlands and the national motorway network through Cambridgeshire. It has been described as "one of most important and clogged up arteries in Great Britain" and as a key route with "strategic national importance". Proposals to upgrade the route were put forward in 2012 and received government backing in June 2013. The project was originally planned to include a toll section between Cambridge and the A1. Local authorities and businesses pledged to contribute at least £100 million towards the improved route, although concerns were raised that the toll would discourage haulage companies off using the route and isolate ports on the Suffolk coast. In December 2013 the plan to fund the road through tolls was dropped with the developments to be funded from general taxation. Work on the project is expected to begin in 2016 and cost £1.5 billion. Bus services Bus services in East Anglia are run by a number of operators. First Eastern Counties is the main operator in Suffolk and Norfolk, while Stagecoach East are the main operator in Cambridgeshire and Peterborough. National Express coach services run from London to major cities in the region including Norwich, Great Yarmouth and Cambridge. A large number of other bus companies run local services throughout the region. The Cambridgeshire Guided Busway opened in August 2011 as a dedicated bus route linking the centre of Cambridge with Cambridge Science Park, St Ives and Huntingdon. The route is believed to be the longest guided busway in the world. Cycle routes East Anglia is well suited to cycling with a generally flat landscape. A number of National Cycle Network routes run through the region, including National Cycle Route 1. Provision for cyclists is good in some of the major towns within the region with Cambridge having the highest level of cycle use in the UK with between 18% and 25% of residents travelling to work by bicycle and nearly 50% of residents cycling at least once a week - the highest figure of any town or city in the UK - in a Sport England survey published in 2012. Ports The Port of Felixstowe is the busiest container port in the United Kingdom and is a key gateway for container traffic into the country dealing with over 40% of container traffic. The port is operated by Hutchison Ports, a subsidiary of Hutchison Whampoa, and employs over 2500 people as of 2013. A £300 million expansion to the port was completed in 2011 and a new rail terminal opened in June 2013. The A14 provides road links to the port. Other significant ports in the region include Ipswich docks, the Port of Lowestoft, Great Yarmouth Outer Harbour, King's Lynn Docks and Wisbech Port. Ipswich deals with more than two million tonnes of cargo a year and has freight rail links on site. King's Lynn and Wisbeach are focussed on dealing with agricultural products from the surrounding farmland, whilst Lowestoft and Great Yarmouth play an important role in servicing the North Sea energy industries, including the growing offshore wind energy industry. A number of smaller ports and leisure harbours, such as at Wells-next-the-Sea and Southwold operate around the region's coast. The major freight and passenger port of Harwich International Port is located just to the south of Felixstowe in Essex. Ferry services run from here to Esbjerg in Denmark and Hook of Holland. Within the region a number of local vehicle and passenger ferry services remain in service, including the Reedham Ferry across the River Yare in Norfolk and the King's Lynn passenger ferry across the River Great Ouse. See also Transport in Cambridge Transport in Ipswich Road transport in Peterborough References Transport in England by locality East Anglia Transport in the East of England

Susan Jean Jones (born May 12, 1948), also known by her married name Suzy Roy, is an American former competition swimmer, Olympic swimmer and former World Record Holder. Suzy Jones was born in Palo Alto, California. She trained under coach George Haines at the Santa Clara Swim Club in Santa Clara, California. Jones represented the United States at the 1968 Summer Olympics in Mexico City. She swam for the gold medal-winning U.S. team in the preliminary heats of the women's 4x100 medley relay, but did not receive a medal under the 1968 Olympic rules because she did not swim in the event final. She also competed in the semifinals of the women's 100-meter breaststroke, finishing in 10th place with a time of 1:18.6. Life after competition swimming Jones continued to stay active in swimming for over 50 years as a competitor, coach and swim instructor. She continues teaching at the present time. She competed in US Masters swimming for 25 years. Susan set 30 USMS records between the years of 1976-2001, in the 50, 100, and 200 yards/meters breaststroke events and 100yards/meters Individual Medley. Jones also set 7 Masters World Records in the breaststroke events from 1986-2001. Jones married in 1975 and has four sons and three grandchildren. References 1948 births Living people American female breaststroke swimmers Olympic swimmers for the United States Sportspeople from Palo Alto, California Swimmers at the 1968 Summer Olympics University of California, Los Angeles alumni 20th-century American women

Robert Pollak may refer to: Robert A. Pollak (born 1938), American economist (1880–1962), Austrian violinist who worked in Japan and the United States; see

The Kars river is a river in the Kars Province in the northeast of Turkey. The river has a length of 93 km and is the largest tributary of the Akhuryan river. Geography The Kars river originates in the Allahuekber Mountains in the southwest of the Kars province. Initially, the river flows in a predominantly easterly direction through the Selim District. Then it turns north and flows through Kars. It then flows in a wide arc to the north, later to the east and then to the southeast. Finally, the river feeds into the Akhurian Reservoir on the border with Armenia, through which the Akhuryan River flows. References Rivers of Turkey Landforms of Kars Province

USS Mississippi, a paddle frigate, was the first ship of the United States Navy to bear that name. She was named for the Mississippi River. Her sister ship was . Her keel was laid down by the Philadelphia Navy Yard in 1839; built under the personal supervision of Commodore Matthew Perry. She was commissioned on 22 December 1841, with Captain W. D. Salter in command and launched several weeks later. Service history Mexican–American War After several years of service in the Home Squadron, during which she performed experiments crucial to development of the steam Navy, Mississippi joined the West Indian Squadron in 1845 as flagship for Commodore Perry. During the Mexican–American War, she took part in expeditions against Alvarado, Tampico, Pánuco, and Laguna de Términos, all successful in tightening American control of the Mexican coastline and interrupting coastwise commerce and military supply operations. She returned to Norfolk for repairs on 1 January 1847, then arrived at Veracruz on 21 March 1847, carrying Perry to take command of the American fleet. At once she and her men plunged into amphibious operations against Veracruz, supplying guns and their crews to be taken ashore for the battery which fought the city to surrender in four days. Through the remainder of the war, Mississippi contributed guns, men, and boats to a series of coastal raids on Mexico's east coast, taking part in the capture of Tabasco in June 1847. Mission to Japan Mississippi cruised the Mediterranean Sea during 1849–1851. On 28 August 1851, Mississippi ran aground off Smyrna, Ottoman Empire whilst on her way to collect Louis Kossuth before taking him into exile in the United States. Initial attempts to refloat her by the British paddle steamer and three other vessels were unsuccessful. She was refloated on 26 August. Mississippi was then prepared for Commodore Perry's expedition to Japan. Serving as the flagship; it was commanded by Sydney Smith Lee. The squadron cleared Hampton Roads on 24 November 1852, for Madeira, the Cape of Good Hope, Hong Kong, and Shanghai, which was reached 4 May 1853. The squadron now approached Japan by calls in the Ryukyu Islands and Bonin Islands, and entered Edo Bay on 8 July 1853, remaining until the Japanese accepted an official letter by President Millard Fillmore on 14 July. After further cruising in the Far East, Mississippi and the squadron returned to Japan on 12 February 1854, remaining as part of Perry's show of force until the signing of the Convention of Kanagawa on 31 March. Mississippi returned to New York City on 23 April 1855, and again sailed for the Far East on 19 August 1857, to base at Shanghai and patrol in support of America's burgeoning trade with the Orient. As the flagship for Commodore Josiah Tattnall III, she was present during the British and French attack on the Chinese forts at Taku in June 1859, and two months later, she landed a force at Shanghai when the American consul requested her aid in restoring order to the city, torn by civil strife. She returned to ordinary at Boston, Massachusetts, in January 1860, but was reactivated when the American Civil War became inevitable. Civil War Mississippi arrived off Key West, Florida, to institute the blockade there on 8 June 1861, and five days later made her first capture, the schooner Forest King bound with coffee from Rio de Janeiro to New Orleans, Louisiana. On 27 November 1861, off Northeast Pass of the Mississippi River, she joined in capturing the British bark Empress, again carrying coffee from Rio to New Orleans. The following spring, she joined Farragut's squadron for the planned assault on New Orleans. After several attempts, on 7 April 1862, she and successfully passed over the bar at Southwest Pass, the heaviest ships ever to enter the river to that time. As Farragut brought his fleet up the river, a key engagement occurred at the Battle of Forts Jackson and St. Philip on 24 April 1862, during which Mississippi ran the Confederate ram Manassas ashore, wrecking her with two mighty broadsides. One of her sailors, Seaman Christopher Brennan, was awarded the Medal of Honor for his part in the battle. The city was now doomed, and Mississippi, her heavy draft making her less suitable to river operations than lighter ships, remained off New Orleans for much of the next year. Ordered upriver for the operations against Port Hudson, Louisiana, Mississippi sailed with six other ships lashed in pairs, while she sailed alone. On 14 March 1863, she grounded while attempting to pass the forts guarding Port Hudson. Under enemy fire, every effort was made to refloat her by Captain Melancton Smith and his executive officer George Dewey (later to achieve fame as an admiral). At last, her machinery was destroyed, her battery spiked, and she was fired to prevent Confederate capture. When the flames reached her magazines, she blew up and sank. Three of Mississippi's men, Seaman Andrew Brinn, Boatswain's Mate Peter Howard, and U.S. Marine Corps Sergeant Pinkerton R. Vaughn, were awarded the Medal of Honor for their actions during the abandonment. She lost 64 men, with the accompanying ships saving 223 of her crew. See also List of steam frigates of the United States Navy Bibliography of early American naval history References External links Japan America Society of Greater Philadelphia The Philadelphia origins of U.S.S. Mississippi Journal of the U.S.S. Columbia and U.S.S. Mississippi, 1843-1846 MS 272 held by Special Collection & Archives, Nimitz Library at the United States Naval Academy Mexican–American War ships of the United States Ships of the Union Navy Ships built in Philadelphia Steamships of the United States Navy American Civil War patrol vessels of the United States Gunboats of the United States Navy 1841 ships Shipwrecks of the American Civil War Shipwrecks of the Mississippi River Ship fires Naval magazine explosions Maritime incidents in August 1851 Maritime incidents in March 1863

Welkite (also transliterated Wolkite) () is a town and separate woreda in south-western Ethiopia. The administrative center of the Central Ethiopia Regional State, Kebena Special Woreda and Gurage zone . The town has a latitude and longitude of and an elevation between 1910 and 1935 meters above sea level. According to the government, Welkite is one of 12 towns with electrical power, one of 11 with telephone service and one of nine that have postal service. The SNNPR's Bureau of Finance and Economic Development, adds that Welkite also had a bank branch and other financial institutions, as well as a hospital. An all-weather road was built in 1963 which connects Welkite to Addis Ababa by way of Endibir. At Welkite an extreme example of an attempt at eviction of tenants before the Ethiopian revolution is reported to have occurred. A retired colonel living in the area held title to 4,000 hectares, which some 500 tenants cultivated. Following a fertilizer demonstration by the United Nations' Food and Agriculture Organization in 1969, the colonel decided to introduce modernized farming. At first he decided to modernize rapidly and announced that he was going to terminate the tenancy relationships with all of his tenants. The tenants, however, are said to have responded violently, attempting to stone their landlord one night as he left a bar in Welkite. The colonel then changed tactics, modernizing his lands piecemeal and evicting smaller numbers of tenants. By 1972, he had 160 hectares under tractor cultivation, and 140 tenant families were said to have been evicted. These people did not, however, leave the area, relying on the ensete cultivations around their houses for a minimum of food. History The town has well over 150 years of ages. It expanded along the Addis-Jimma highway and has been sprawling over the crescent shaped plateau. Demographics Based on the 2007 Census conducted by the Central Statistical Agency, this town has a total population of 28,866, of whom 15,074 are men and 13,792 women. The plurality of the inhabitants practiced Ethiopian Orthodox Christianity, with 48.17% of the population reporting that belief, while 42.31% were Muslim, 7.86% were Protestants, and 1.34% were Catholic. The 1994 national census reported this town had a total population of 15,329 of whom 7,580 were men and 7,749 were women. In the villages around Welkite there are believed to be about 1,000 speakers of Gumuz, who are a Nilo-Saharan people whose homeland straddles the border between Ethiopia and Sudan. References Populated places in the Southern Nations, Nationalities, and Peoples' Region Cities and towns in Ethiopia

Borneo traditional tattooing is a hand tapping style of tattooing with two sticks, developed by some of the ancient tribes of Borneo. Borneo tattooing designs The most common of Borneo designs are thick black tribal work, which all have different meanings. Nature is the main focus when designing a traditional Bornean tattooing such as leaves, animals, fruits, trees and branches. Tattoos When a young man returns from a successful sojourn (bejalai), he can get a full body tattoo (kalingai or pantang) from a tattoo master who will design the overall design using outline first followed by blackening. The ink will be mixed with various protective charms and motives. The tattoo initiation ceremony is started by giving offerings to deities, thanking and requesting for more assistance and protection in subsequent activities. The Bungai Terung, which translates to the eggplant Borneo flower, is the first tattoo an Iban individual would receive. The Bungai Terung is a tattoo which marks the Iban tradition known as Bejalai (a journey of knowledge and wisdom), where an individual would leave their longhouse to experience the world. The tattoo is located on the front of the shoulder (never the chest) to show where ones bag straps lie, to prepare the individual to carry the weight of their own world (passage of a person into adulthood). The Bungai Terung has a spiral at the center of the eggplant flower the Tali Nyawa, which means the rope of life and is identical to the underside of a tadpole which symbolizes the beginning of a new life. All the tattoos, following the eggplant flower, are like a diary. A young male would go out on his own to find knowledge and from each place he went to he would get one tattoo to mark not only where he is from but also where he has been. From each place the tattoos have different styles so the regional differences in his tattoos would tell the story of his journeys in life. If the boy received his Ampallang piercing, the Bungai Terung would be tattooed in his groin region to let others know he had passed that rite of passage. Borneo tattoos do not just mark physical journeys. Some represent big life events, such as fathering children etc. For example, there is a tattoo a man can have done on his hand called the Entegulun. You can only have this if you have taken heads. Most tattoos are for protection, for example the tattoos on the throat (pantang rekong) are meant to give strength to the skin on the throat, to stop the bearer's enemies from being able to sever the bearer's head. Males and females of high status would get the throat tattooed. It symbolizes an individual who is highly accomplished in a field of their life; e.g. a warrior who has taken many heads, or a great shaman, or a headman of a longhouse, or a great carver or artist, etc. The tattoos on the back (Ketam Itit/Ketupong) represent the back of the crab, the tattoos on the arms (ketam lengan) represent the arms of the crab. A crab's shell is a hard armor, which protects its wearer. The elephant (gajah) design motive is tattooed on the man's ribs to protect his sides from ripping. The thighs are also tattooed. The calves are tattooed with a fishing hook (mata ginti) or anchor (sauh). Borneo tattooing today Many of the designs no longer exist. In the 1950s & 1960s largely due to Christian missionaries, most of Borneo converted to Christianity and hence most tattooists assimilated and there was a sharp decline in the amount of practicing traditional Borneo tattoo artists. Roughly 10 years ago there was a resurgence in interest and culture when swarms of journalists and researchers came and surveyed on the traditional Borneo tattoos. This led to the tattoos becoming a Borneo pop culture phenomenon especially towards younger demographics. See also Tattoo History of tattooing Austronesian traditions: Batok (Philippines) Peʻa (Samoa) Marquesan Tā moko (Maori) Other traditions: Yantra (Thailand, Cambodia, Laos, Myanmar) Tattooing in Myanmar Irezumi (Japan) Deq (Kurdish) Sicanje (Bosnia & Herzegovina) Sailor tattoos (Europe & Americas) References External links Borneo International Tattoo Convention Borneo Tattooing traditions

Yuwen Mogui (, died after 302) was a chieftain of the Yuwen tribe. He succeeded his father Yuwen Qiubuqin as chieftain, likely in 299, and was succeeded by his son Yuwen Xunniyan. He waged frequent wars on the Murong and other tribes, and greatly expanded Yuwen's territory and prestige. Under his leadership, the Yuwen tribe controlled an area extending from modern Hebei in the west to Chaoyang, Liaoning in the east, including the Shira Muren and the Laoha River valleys. In 299, he entered into a marriage alliance with the Tuoba tribe, as his son Yuwen Xunniyan married Tuoba Luguan's eldest daughter. This alliance protected the Tuoba against incursions by the Murong tribe and their Duan allies. In late 302, Yuwen Mogui took the title shanyu and dispatched a force led by his younger brother, Yuwen Quyun (), to fight against the Murong chieftain Murong Hui. Yuwen Quyun was unsuccessful, so he recruited a tribal leader named Sunuyan (), possibly a Tuoba, to attack Murong Hui. Sunuyan besieged Murong Hui in his capital but, unable to conquer it, was eventually routed by the Murong army. References ''Book of Wei, vol. 91. Mogui

Punk is the second studio album by American rapper Young Thug. It was released on October 15, 2021, through YSL Records and is distributed by Atlantic Records and 300 Entertainment. The album contains guest appearances from Strick, J. Cole, T-Shyne, Gunna, Future, BSlime, Juice Wrld, Post Malone, ASAP Rocky, Lil Double 0, Drake, Travis Scott, Doja Cat, Nate Ruess, Jeff Bhasker, and the late Mac Miller. The production on the album was handled by a variety of record producers, including T-Minus, Metro Boomin, Kanye West, Pi'erre Bourne, Wheezy, Oz, Louis Bell, and Watt, among others. The album received generally positive reviews from music critics and was a commercial success. It debuted at number one on the US Billboard 200 chart, earning 90,000 album-equivalent units in its first week. Background and release In an interview about recording his debut studio album, So Much Fun (2019), Young Thug told The Fader that he wanted to release a follow-up album in the "upcoming weeks". In contrast to his debut, which he described as a "lighthearted work", Punk would be more personal and introspective. He implied that the new album was "touching" and interpreted the meaning of Punk as "brave, not self centered, conscious, very, very neglected, very misunderstood, very patient, very authentic". He said the album would reflect "real rap". On July 27, 2021, Thug featured on an NPR Tiny Desk home concert, where he performed four new songs and teased an October 15 release date for the album, as seen on the back of his t-shirt. More promotion for Punk is a video published on October 13, 2021, of Thug smashing a $320,000 Rolls-Royce with the word "punk" painted on it in pink. Following Punk’s release, Thug stated during his appearance on The Breakfast Club that his track "Day Before" with Mac Miller was recorded on the day before Miller's death on September 7, 2018. Critical reception Punk was met with generally positive reviews. At Metacritic, which assigns a normalized rating out of 100 to reviews from professional publications, the album received an average score of 78, based on six reviews. Kyann-Sian Williams of NME praised the album, stating, "Featuring a masterpiece of a collaboration with the late, great Mac Miller, this hugely inventive second studio album proves Thugger's all-time greatness". Paul A. Thompson from Pitchfork enjoyed the album, saying, "While Young Thug's creative choices after about 2015 have had little sway over emerging trends, Punk suggests that the space he now occupies is one that allows him more room to experiment". Robin Murray of Clash said, "Impactful and often unexpected, PUNK breaks new ground within Young Thug's identity". Rolling Stone critic Jeff Ihaza said, "With his latest album, you get the feeling that these are songs Thug needed to get off of his chest. While not a dazzling record, it opens a door to exciting opportunities". Reviewing the album for AllMusic, Fred Thomas stated, "Punk is relatively odd for an album that debuted at number one on the charts, sneaking some of Young Thug's inherent eccentricity in among its more commercially viable moments". Armon Sadler of HipHopDX said, "With Punk, Thugger continues to expand his game to the point of reaching true limitlessness; he's like a young, athletic slasher in basketball who expands his repertoire to become well-rounded and achieve longevity in the sport". In a lukewarm review, The Line of Best Fits Leo Culp wrote, "Punk will likely not be remembered as a great Young Thug album, but we should appreciate that we get to hear him tinker with his sound for when he finally puts it all together again". Writing for The Arts Desk, Harry Thorfinn-George stated, "There are countless rappers who use a similar melodic flow, but none that can so effortlessly find hidden melodies in every beat". Year-end lists Commercial performance Punk debuted at number one on the US Billboard 200 chart, earning 90,000 album-equivalent units (including 12,000 copies in pure album sales) in its first week. This became Thug's third US number one debut on the chart. The album also accumulated a total of 102 million on-demand streams of the album's songs. In its second week, the album dropped to number seven on the chart, earning an additional 34,000 units. In South Africa, nine songs from the album debuted within the top 100 on The Official Charts South Africa (TOSAC), in the week ending October 28, 2021. This became a new record on the chart. Track listing Charts Weekly charts Year-end charts References 2021 albums Young Thug albums YSL Records albums Albums produced by T-Minus (record producer) Albums produced by Metro Boomin Albums produced by Kanye West Albums produced by Pi'erre Bourne Albums produced by Wheezy Albums produced by Cardo (record producer) Albums produced by Louis Bell Albums produced by Andrew Watt (record producer) Atlantic Records albums 300 Entertainment albums

Guns of War () is a 1974 Yugoslav film directed by Žika Mitrović. It is one of the most notable examples of partisan film, a Yugoslav subgenre of World War II films which was popular between the 1960s and 1980s. The prevailing themes of anti-fascist struggle set in wartime Yugoslavia are also present here, as the film tells the story of the rise and fall of the Republic of Užice, a short-lived territory liberated by Yugoslav partisans which existed for several months in 1941. The film shows several love stories unfolding on the backdrop of historical events and includes appearances by Miodrag Lazarević as Chetnik leader Draža Mihailović and Marko Todorović as Josip Broz Tito. The film won two Golden Arena awards at the 1974 Pula Film Festival, the Yugoslav national film awards, including Best Film and Best Supporting Actress (Ružica Sokić). It was also entered into the 9th Moscow International Film Festival where it won a Diploma. Main cast Boris Buzančić – Bora Božidarka Frajt – Nada Branko Milićević – Miša Milutin Mićović – Radovan Aljoša Vučković – Luka Rade Šerbedžija – Chetnik mayor Kosta Barac Marko Nikolić – Klaker Ivan Jagodić - Ilija Ružica Sokić – Mira Neda Arnerić – Jelena Dušan Vojnović – Sava Mija Aleksić – Toza Petre Prličko – baker Pero Vasa Pantelić – Dragi Simić Bogoljub Petrović –Chetnik captain Đorđević Dragan Ocokoljić – Partisan doctor Miodrag Lazarević – Colonel Dragoljub Mihailović Božo Jajčanin – Captain Duane Hudson Marko Todorović – Josip Broz Tito References External links 1974 films Yugoslav drama films Serbian drama films Serbo-Croatian-language films Partisan films Films set in Serbia Films set in Yugoslavia Films about anti-fascism Films about Josip Broz Tito Cultural depictions of Serbian men Cultural depictions of Draža Mihailović War films set in Partisan Yugoslavia

Zujajat al-Masabih (Hanfi Mishkaat) (English: Lanterns glass) is a compendium of Hadith that supports the Sunni Hanafi school of thought in Islam. The book is compiled into five volumes and contains a total of 6634 Ahadith. Authored by Hazrat Abdullah Shah Naqshbandi Alaihirrahmah (an Islamic scholar from Hyderabad, India), the Zujajat was first published in 1960. The book is modeled on the pattern and structure of Mishkat al-Masabih by Al-Tabrizi. The Mishkat has a leaning towards the Shafi'i school of thought while Naqshbandi composed the Zujajat giving preference to Hanafi proofs. The five volumes have a total of 6634 Hadith. The book has been translated into Urdu with commentary by Maulana Mohammed Muneeruddin, former Khateeb of Makkah Masjid and Mohammed Abdus Sattar Khan Naqshbandi, former Head of Arabic Department, Osmania University, Hyderabad, India. Later, the scholars of Jamia Nizamia took up the work of translation. Compilation The book contains five volumes that have a total number of 6634 Hadith. The first volume is from: the Book of Faith to the Book of Fasts, it has 2564 Hadith. The second volume starts from: the excellence of the Holy Quran and ends with the book of freeing (slaves), Chapter of oaths, it has 1255 Hadith. The third volume starts with the Book of retribution and ends with the Book of dreams, it has 1170 Hadith. The fourth volume starts with the Book of manners and ends with the book of trials, it has 1093 Hadith. The fifth volume starts with the book of excellence of the Holy Prophet and ends with Excellence of this Ummah, it has 552 Hadith. See also Mufti Syed Ziauddin Naqshbandi Further reading Abdullah Shah Naqshbandi by Evander Luther, year 2011. References External links Zujajah Noorul Masabih Website Sunni literature Hadith Islam in India Islam in Pakistan Islam in Bangladesh Islam in the United Kingdom

Samborsko is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Jastrowie, within Złotów County, Greater Poland Voivodeship, in west-central Poland. It was founded in 1580 and had a church. The village lies approximately west of Jastrowie, west of Złotów, and north of the regional capital Poznań. Before 1945 the area was part of Prussia and later Germany. For the history of the region, see History of Pomerania and Territorial changes of Poland after World War II. Notable residents Michael Christoph Hanow (1695-1773), German scientist Gerhard Janensch (1860–1933), German sculptor and medailleur References Samborsko

Olyokma () is a rural locality (a settlement) in Olyokminsky Selsoviet of Tyndinsky District, Amur Oblast, Russia. The population was 462 as of 2018. There is 1 street. Geography Olyokma is located 446 km northwest of Tynda (the district's administrative centre) by road. Khani is the nearest rural locality. References Rural localities in Tyndinsky District

The 13th National Television Awards ceremony was held at the Royal Albert Hall on 31 October 2007 and was hosted by Sir Trevor McDonald. Awards References National Television Awards National Television Awards National Television Awards 2007 in London National Television Awards National Television Awards

The men's 200 metre butterfly competition of the swimming events at the 1983 Pan American Games took place on 21 August. The last Pan American Games champion was Craig Beardsley of the United States. This race consisted of four lengths of the pool, all lengths being in butterfly stroke. Results All times are in minutes and seconds. Heats Final The final was held on August 21. References Swimming at the 1983 Pan American Games

Shute Park is a municipal park in the city of Hillsboro, Oregon, United States. Acquired in 1906, the park is the oldest park in the city. Located at southeast Tenth and Maple streets along Tualatin Valley Highway, Shute Park includes an aquatic center, a branch of the Hillsboro Public Library, and a community center. The park once had a pavilion that contained a roller skating rink, and was the center of civic activities before the opening of the Washington County Fairgrounds. Named for businessman John W. Shute, the park at one time included land on the east side of the highway that consisted mainly of a baseball field. History On December 21, 1906, the City of Hillsboro purchased a tract of land from banker John W. Shute for $1,622, with the condition that the land be used as a park and named in his honor. The city passed a levy to finance the purchase of its first park at 1.8 mills per assessed valuation. At the time, the total assessed value in the city was just over $600,000. The land had previously been the site of a brickyard, whose brick had been used in the construction of several buildings in downtown Hillsboro. In June 1920, voters approved a levy to finance the construction of a pavilion at the park. Finished in June 1921, the building was designed and built without posts in the floor and included a stage. At first, the pavilion was used mainly for dances, but was later used as a roller skating rink. It also was home to an infantry unit and later artillery unit, and during World War II was used for drill by the national guard. Over time, the building eventually no longer met building codes, but the city felt the costs were too much to remodel the facility so the pavilion was torn down in 1974. Beginning in 1925 and until 1951, the Washington County Fair was held at the park. During that time, the park contained additional structures, including a poultry building. In 1935, workers from the Works Progress Administration improved the park. Enhancements included extensive landscaping, the addition of a baseball diamond, construction of a stone-arch bridge, a creek, and the addition of lighting. The improved park was dedicated on July 2, 1936. Hillsboro's Happy Days festival was also previously staged at Shute Park. The pavilion at Shute could seat as many as 1,500 and was used for events that included a circus. In 1962, the county's historical society looked at the park as a possible home for their museum, which was not built at that time or at that location. However, the society temporarily moved their museum to the park's pavilion that year. The city decided to re-zone a section of the park in 1972. The section was located across Tualatin Valley Highway and contained a baseball field. Hillsboro High School had used the ball field for its home baseball games until Hare Field opened in 1965. The parks department wanted to sell off the land in order to pay for improvements at other park facilities in the city. Hillsboro's city council elected to re-zone the parcel as commercial in order to maximize the value of the land. The city's parks commission approved plans to build the permanent stage in the park in September 1982 using private funds. In 1987, the Peter Wolf Toth statue, Chief Kno-Tah, was added along the eastern side of the park. It is one of 74 such statues collectively known as the Trail of the Whispering Giants. In 2006, the city celebrated the 100th anniversary of the park that included people in period dress and a performance by the Oregon Symphonic Band. Many of the Douglas fir trees at the park were found to have schweinitzii butt rot and red ring rot in 2008. In May 2009, the city began removing those diseased trees that posed a danger to park visitors as the trees slowly died. Additional trees were removed in 2013 as part of the renovations to the library. Facilities Located at 10th and Maple streets, the park contains a variety of amenities. These include a picnic shelter, softball field, restrooms, picnic areas, playground equipment, and a stage. Also at the park is a branch of the Hillsboro library, a senior community center, and an aquatic recreation center. From 1987 to 2017, it also hosted the Chief Kno-Tah wood sculpture of a Native American head carved by Peter Wolf Toth as part of his Trail of the Whispering Giants. The Shute Park Aquatic and Recreation Center opened in 1981. The indoor and outdoor pool facility also contained indoor exercise areas and racquetball courts. Beginning in 2004 it was remodeled and re-opened in 2006. Additions to the facility included a massage room, child care area, a spa pool, a pool slide, and a play feature in one of the pools. Shute Park also hosts the annual Showtime at Shute free summer concert series. These outdoor concerts are held each Thursday beginning in July, and run through August. See also Shute Park Plaza Hillsboro Stadium Hondo Dog Park Noble Woods Park References External links 1906 establishments in Oregon Parks in Hillsboro, Oregon Protected areas established in 1906 Works Progress Administration in Oregon

"This Is It" is a 1976 disco song written by Van McCoy, and performed by American singer and actress Melba Moore for her fifth album of the same name (1976). Background Melba Moore would give credit to her husband/manager Charles Huggins, whom she married in September 1974, with getting her signed to Buddah Records in 1975 - ending a four-year recording studio absence - , and with arranging for veteran soul music songwriter/producer Van McCoy to helm Moore's second Buddah album release, which she began recording in January 1976. The recruitment of McCoy to helm Moore's album was essentially due to McCoy's success as a producer of disco records, it being hoped that a disco hit would consolidate the somewhat nebulous success Moore had to that point experienced as a recording artist: (Melba Moore quote:)"I just couldn't ignore the [impact] that disco was having on music". The album's disco-oriented title track was released in March 1976 and became a discothèque favorite: while the "This Is It" single did afford Moore her first major R&B hit, reaching No. 18 on the Billboard ranking of R&B singles the track failed to provide her with the desired Pop music breakout, rising no higher than No. 91 on the Billboard Hot 100 ("This Is It" did become a Top Ten hit on the singles chart for the United Kingdom). Charts Dannii Minogue version "This Is It" was covered in 1993 by Australian singer Dannii Minogue on her second album, Get into You (1993). The song was produced by Tim Lever and Mike Percy and received a generally positive reception from music critics. Release "This Is It" was released as the album's third single on July 5, 1993, in the United Kingdom. The song reached the top 10 on the UK Singles Chart, becoming Minogue's third top-10 single. In Australia, it reached the top 20 and became an airplay hit earning a gold certification. Despite missing the top 10, the single spent twenty weeks in the ARIA top 50 and was the forty-third highest selling single of the year, the third-highest for an Australian artist. Along with the single "Get into You", the song was chosen to be released in Canada and the USA. The single was also featured in the second volume of the Dance Mix USA series, which used the "Dannii Got Murked" remix. This version of the song was used by Network Ten in their idents. Critical reception Larry Flick from Billboard wrote, "Vivacious and charming Minogue takes another stab at transferring her European success to the States with an earnest reading of a disco nugget made famous by Melba Moore. She skips and spins atop a throbbing beat foundation, swerving around a flurry of chirping background vocals, grand piano lines, and fluttering strings." Caroline Sullivan from The Guardian said in her review of the Get into You album, "Two seventies covers, Melba Moore's "This Is It" and an authoritative take on the Jacksons' "Show You the Way to Go", are the big moments, all clattering drum machines and Barry White-ish swooning strings." In his weekly UK chart commentary, James Masterton noted that Dannii's last UK Top 10 hit was her cover of "Jump to the Beat", adding that it "may bode well for this cover". A reviewer from Music & Media commented, "Little sister is wearing big sister's clothes, and they are tight fit for the first time with this cheerful pop/dance song". Alan Jones from Music Week gave the song three out of five, describing it as a "house-inflicted but otherwise faithful remake" and a "typically breezy Minogue single". He felt that "the chart is overloaded with disco-era remakes, so it's hard to see it matching Moore's number nine peak." Music video The accompanying music video for the song was filmed in Los Angeles and was directed by Willy Smax. It features Minogue and her then-boyfriend actor Julian McMahon on a beach. The dance routine in the video was choreographed by Minogue. It also features an appearance from American actress Elise Neal, who later starred in the horror movie Scream 2 alongside Neve Campbell and the Lifetime made-for-television movie Aaliyah: The Princess of R&B in the role of Gladys Knight. It was listed in NME's "50 Worst Music Videos". Track listings and formats Australian CD single (D11390) "This Is It" (7-inch version) "This Is It" (12-inch extended version) "This Is It" (alternative 12-inch mix) "This Is It" (Dannii Got Murked mix) "This Is It" (Miami Heat mix) "This Is It" (One World 12-inch mix) "This Is It" (a capella version) Australian cassette single (C11390) "This Is It" "It's Time to Move On" CD single "This Is It" (7-inch version) "This Is It" (12-inch extended version) "This Is It" (alternative 12-inch mix) "This Is It" (Dannii Got Murked mix) "This Is It" (Miami Heat mix)This Is It (One World 12-inch mix) "This Is It" (a capella version) UK vinyl single "This Is It" (Dannii Got Murked mix) "This Is It" (12-inch extended version) "This Is It" (Miami Heat mix)This Is It (Vapour Rub dub) "This Is It" (a cappella version) North American CD single "This Is It" (Dannii Got Murked mix) "This Is It" (Extended version) "This Is It" (Doc & Freestyle remix) "This Is It" (Vapour Rub dub) "This Is It" (alternative mix) "This Is It" (Miami Heat mix) Cassette single and 7-inch vinyl "This Is It" (7-inch version) "It's Time to Move On" Notes: "It's Time to Move On", was a B-side released for the Get into You album and is only found on the cassette single and 7-inch vinyl. For the North American CD, the tracks received a remaster. Charts Weekly charts Year-end charts Other covers A Flemish-language rendering entitled "Jij En Ik" was recorded by Petra for her 1997 album Petra. References 1976 songs 1976 singles 1993 singles Melba Moore songs Dannii Minogue songs Songs written by Van McCoy Disco songs Buddah Records singles

R. Narayana Panickar (25 January 1889 – 29 October 1959) was an Indian essayist, playwright, translator, lexicographer, novelist and historian of Malayalam. He was credited with over 100 books but the best known among them are the seven-volume work, Kerala Bhasha Sahitya Charitram, a comprehensive history of Malayalam literature up to 1951 and Navayuga Bhasha Nighantu, a lexicon. He also wrote a number of novels and translated several works including Purananuru, Akanaṉūṟu and Silappatikaram. He was also a historian and published works such as Thiruvithamkoor Charitram and Kerala Charitram. Sahitya Akademi honoured him with their annual award in 1955. Biography Narayana Panickar was born on 25 January 1889 at Ambalappuzha, in Alappuzha district of the south Indian state of Kerala to Ayyappan Pilla and Valezhathu Kunji Amma. After schooling at Ambalappuzha and Alappuzha, he completed his intermediate course from Maharaja's College, Ernakulam and continued his undergraduate studies at Thiruvananthapuram which he could not complete it. subsequently, he returned to Alappuzha where he worked as a teacher, simultaneously studying privately to earn a bachelor's degree. Thereafter, he worked at various schools in Kerala including St. Mary's High School, Champakkara, St. Aloysiuos High School, Edathua, Kottappuram High School, Government Sanskrit School, Thiruvananthapuram, and S. M. V. High School, Vanchiyoor before superannuating from service from S. R. V. High School, Nagarcoil in 1944. Panickar was known to have published over 100 books, composed of novels, poems, histories, biographies, translations and lexicons. However, he is best remembered for the seven-volume work, Kerala Bhasha Sahitya Charitram, a comprehensive history of Malayalam literature up to 1951 and Navayuga Bhasha Nighantu, a lexicon. Kerala Bhasha Sahitya Charitram fetched him the Sahitya Akademi Award for Malayalam in 1955. He also translated several classics of Tamil and Bengali literature including Purananuru, Akanaṉūṟu, Silappatikaram and Sita of Dwijendralal Ray. Panickar married three times, first to Janaki Amma but after her death in 1913, he had a short marriage after which he married Thankamma, the daughter of K. C. Kesava Pillai, a noted Carnatic musician and the poet laureate of Travancore. He died ion 29 October 1959, at the age of 70. His life has been documented in a biography, R. Narayana Panicker, by R. Balakrishnan Nair. List of works R. Narayana Panickar authored about 100 books comprising history, novels, short stories and plays. History: Kerala Bhasha Sahitya Charitram (7 volumes), Thiruvithamkoor Charitram, Kerala Charitram, Mukila Samrajyodayam, Mukila Prabhavam, Ayurveda Charitram, Muhammad Nabi, Ayyappa Charitam (2 volumes), Mahacharitamala, Asokavardhana, Arya Charitam, Dharmaraja, Ayyappan Marthanda Pillai, Raja Kesava Dasan, Sri Ramanujan Ezhuthachan, Kunchan Nambiar, Matruka Bhrityan, Bharatan, Chaitra Rajaratnam, Mahatma Gandhi, Netaji, Jawaharlal Novels/short stories: Yugalanguliyakam, Amritavalli, Mrinalini, Saraswati, Maharashtra Jivanaprabhatam, Chandranathan, Annapurnalayam, Lalita, Atma Samarpanam, Anuradha, Manorama, Satisha Chandran, Valiya Chechi, Madhuri, Rahasya Petika, Vanaja Kumari, Kusuma, Ashalatha Plays: Sita Nirvasam, Devika Rani, Premotkarsham, Rama, Meena, Maurya Vijayam, Mevar Pathanam Songs: Gandhi Gitangal (3 volumes), Desiya Gana Manjari, Sri Ramakrishna Ganavali Dictionaries: Angaleya-Malayala Brihatkosam, Navayuga Bhasha Nighantu, English-Malayalam Nighantu, Sanketika Nighantu Interpretations: Kathakali – Nalacharitam (4 volumes), Uttaraswayamvaram, Rukminiswayamvaram, Nivatakavacha Kalakeyavadham; Thullal – Patra Charitam, Kiratam; Mahabharata – Bhishma Parvam; Ramayana – Irupathinalu Vritham; Sanskrit – Anurangam, Ratimanjari Miscellaneous: Urdu Sikshakan, Hindi Balabodhini, Hindi Mahopadhyayan, Muthollayiram, Vijyana Veethi, Matruka Rajyam, Jyotisha Sarasarvasvam, Bhavaphalam Selected bibliography Non-fiction Novels Translations Writings on Panickar See also List of Malayalam-language authors by category List of Malayalam-language authors References External links R. Narayana Panickar (1929–1951). കേരള ഭാഷാസാഹിത്യചരിത്രം [Kerala Bhasha Sahitya Charitram] (Volume 1, Volume 2, Volume 3, Volume 4, Volume 5, Volume 6 and Volume 7) (in Malayalam). 1889 births 1959 deaths Writers from Kerala Historians of Kerala People from Alappuzha district 20th-century Indian non-fiction writers 20th-century Indian novelists 20th-century Indian translators 20th-century Indian biographers 20th-century Indian historians Indian lexicographers 20th-century Indian essayists Recipients of the Sahitya Akademi Award in Malayalam Maharaja's College, Ernakulam alumni Indian schoolteachers 20th-century lexicographers

Bibiano Zapirain (2 December 1919 – 2 December 2000) was a Uruguayan footballer. Honours Nacional Primera División: 6 1940, 1941, 1942, 1943, 1950, 1952 Uruguay Copa América: 1 1942 References External links Career summary by playerhistory.com 1919 births 2000 deaths Uruguayan men's footballers Uruguay men's international footballers Uruguayan expatriate men's footballers Expatriate men's footballers in Brazil Uruguayan Primera División players Club Nacional de Football players Expatriate men's footballers in Italy Serie A players Inter Milan players Categoría Primera A players Cúcuta Deportivo footballers Expatriate men's footballers in Colombia Uruguayan expatriate sportspeople in Colombia Copa América-winning players Men's association football forwards Footballers from Artigas Department

Marsha E. Barnes was a United States State Department official and United States Ambassador to Suriname from November 2003. Barnes received a bachelor's degree from Lake Forest College in 1969 and a master's degree from National War College. References External links "Marsha E. Barnes" on U.S. Department of State website. Ambassadors of the United States to Suriname Living people Lake Forest College alumni National War College alumni Year of birth missing (living people) American women ambassadors Ambassadors of the United States 21st-century American women

The word "Gartenlaube" (German for arbor) can refer to: Die Gartenlaube, a major German weekly magazine published 1853–1937, then 1938-1944 as Die neue Gartenlaube "Gartenlaube Waltz", an 1895 waltz by Johann Strauss II

The Rotorvox C2A is a two-seat, pusher configuration autogyro developed in Germany. Design and development Structurally, the C2A is largely carbon-fibre monocoque. The fuselage pod contains a protective cell for the side-by-side seating behind a large, forward hinged, three piece canopy. A faired pylon, mounted immediately behind the cell supports a two blade aluminium rotor and behind it a Rotax 914 liquid-cooled flat-four engine drives a three blade propeller. The rotor is pre-rotated hydraulically. Flat-sided tail booms are held away from the fuselage on short stubs and each mounts a straight-tapered fin and rudder, their tips linked by the tailplane. There are shallow, long ventral fins. The C2A has a short-legged, wide track tricycle undercarriage with its mainwheels near to the forward end of the booms and a nosewheel under the forward fuselage. At least two prototypes were flown over five years of development before C2A deliveries began in October 2014. Specifications References Single-engined pusher autogyros 2000s German aircraft

Mútne () is a large village and municipality in Námestovo District in the Žilina Region of northern Slovakia. History In historical records the village was first mentioned in 1659. Geography The municipality lies at an altitude of 836 metres and covers an area of 64.452 km². It has a population of about 2835 people. References External links Municipal website Goral dialect from linguistic point of view – covering Mutne (in Slovak) Villages and municipalities in Námestovo District

Shi Chenglong (; born 28 May 1999) is a Chinese footballer currently playing as a goalkeeper for Henan. Club career Shi Chenglong was promoted to the senior team of Henan Jianye (now known as Henan) within the 2020 Chinese Super League season and would make his debut in league game on 21 September 2020 against Guangzhou Evergrande in a 2-1 defeat where he came on as a substitute for Wu Yan. Career statistics References External links 1999 births Living people Chinese men's footballers Men's association football goalkeepers Chinese Super League players Henan F.C. players

Events in the year 1881 in Argentina. Incumbents President: Julio Argentino Roca Vice President: Francisco Bernabé Madero Governors Buenos Aires Province: Juan José Romero (until 1 May); Dardo Rocha (from 1 May) Cordoba: Miguel Juárez Celman Mendoza Province: Elías Villanueva (until 15 February); José Miguel Segura (from 15 February) Santa Fe Province: Simón de Iriondo Vice Governors Buenos Aires Province: vacant (until 1 May); Adolfo Gonzales Chaves (starting 1 May) Events 23 July – A boundary treaty is signed by Argentina and the neighbouring country of Chile. The treaty is signed in Buenos Aires by Bernardo de Irigoyen, on the part of Argentina, and Francisco de Borja Echeverría, on the part of Chile, with the aim to establish a precise and exact borderline between the two countries based on the uti possidetis juris principle. Despite dividing largely unexplored lands, the treaty lays the groundwork for nearly all of Chile's and Argentina's current 5600 km of shared borders. date unknown – The depreciated peso moneda corriente is replaced by the paper peso moneda nacional (national currency, (m$n or $m/n) at a rate of 25 to 1, the new currency is used until 1969 Births 19 February – Gabino Coria Peñaloza, poet and lyricist (died 1975) 29 June – Ada Cornaro, actress and tango dancer (died 1961) 24 December - Delfina Bunge, writer and philanthropist (died 1952) Deaths 6 October – Paul Günther Lorentz, German-born botanist (born 1835) References History of Argentina (1880–1916) Years of the 19th century in Argentina

Pogoanele () is a town in the southeastern part of Buzău County, Muntenia, Romania. The town administers one village, Căldărăști. Pogoanele was declared a town in April 1989, as a result of the Romanian rural systematization program. It is located in the south-central part of the county, in the middle of the Bărăgan Plain, at about from Buzău, the county seat. It is traversed by the DN2C road, which runs from Buzău to Slobozia. The railway station ( from the town center) is on the CFR line connecting Urziceni and Făurei. Natives of the town include Ion A. Rădulescu-Pogoneanu and Ilie Stan. Notes Towns in Romania Populated places in Buzău County Localities in Muntenia

Stonington is a borough and the town center of Stonington, Connecticut, referred to by locals as "The Borough". The population was 976 at the 2020 United States Census, up from 929 in 2010. The densely built Borough of Stonington occupies a point of land that projects into Little Narragansett Bay. It has two main streets that link Cannon Square and Wadawanuck Square, named for the former Wadawanuck Hotel that brought wealthy visitors in the post-Civil War era. Its colonial, Federal, and Greek revival architectures have been preserved through the lack of traffic or modern industry, together with the borough's role as a fashionable summer residence, while the activity of one of Connecticut's last remaining fishing and lobstering fleets keeps it from being simply a quaint, historic village. There is a large community of Portuguese descent. History On August 30, 1775, a ship's tender chased two small private sloops into Stonington Harbor during the American Revolutionary War. The sloops had made it to the dock and discharged their passengers when the tender fired a broadside into the dock and stores before sailing out of the harbor again. It returned later in the company of another tender and . All three ships then bombarded the town throughout the day. The local militia assembled and returned fire, claiming to have killed five or six men aboard the ships. A more damaging attack occurred between August 9 and 12, 1814 during the War of 1812. The British vessels , , HMS Dispatch, and appeared offshore on August 9, 1814 under the command of Sir Thomas Hardy. The British demanded immediate surrender, but Stonington's citizens replied with a note that stated, "We shall defend the place to the last extremity; should it be destroyed, we shall perish in its ruins." The Royal Navy pounded the town for three days, but the only fatality was that of an elderly woman who was mortally ill. They sailed off on August 12 after suffering many dead and wounded. The Stonington Harbor Light is a low stone building erected in 1823 and was the first lighthouse established by the federal government. In the 19th century, Stonington supported a small fishing, whaling, and sealing fleet, with some direct trade with the West Indies, enough in volume for it to be made a port of entry in 1842. The small granite Customs House faces Main Street just north of Cannon Square. Geography According to the United States Census Bureau, the borough has a total area of 0.7 square miles (1.8 km), of which 0.3 square miles (0.9 km) is land and 0.3 square miles (0.9 km), or 50.72%, is water. Demographics As of the census of 2000, there were 1,032 people, 556 households, and 260 families residing in the borough. The population density was . There were 723 housing units at an average density of . The racial makeup of the borough was 96.90% White, 0.58% Black or African American, 0.29% Native American, 0.29% Asian, 0.10% Pacific Islander, 0.29% from other races, and 1.55% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.97% of the population. There were 556 households, out of which 13.5% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 37.1% were married couples living together, 8.3% had a female householder with no husband present, and 53.1% were non-families. 46.6% of all households were made up of individuals, and 16.5% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 1.82 and the average family size was 2.54. In the borough the population was spread out, with 12.8% under the age of 18, 4.3% from 18 to 24, 27.5% from 25 to 44, 33.1% from 45 to 64, and 22.3% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 48 years. For every 100 females, there were 86.3 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 85.6 males. The median income for a household in the borough was $53,000, and the median income for a family was $78,324. Males had a median income of $43,472 versus $34,375 for females. The per capita income for the borough was $45,444. About 3.3% of families and 8.0% of the population were below the poverty line, including 9.0% of those under age 18 and 5.1% of those age 65 or over. Gallery References External links Borough of Stonington official website Stonington, Connecticut Boroughs in Connecticut Battles of the War of 1812 in Connecticut Populated places in New London County, Connecticut Populated coastal places in Connecticut

Hunspach ( or ) is a commune in the Bas-Rhin department in Grand Est in north-eastern France. In 2020 it was voted the «Village préféré des Français» (France's favourite village). Geography The commune lies a short distance to the south of Wissembourg within the Northern Vosges Regional Nature Park. Sights The village is a member of the Les Plus Beaux Villages de France ("The most beautiful villages of France") association. Hunspach has retained much of its traditional architecture. The houses are white and in the Alsatian half timbered style. Open central yards offer glimpses of the working farms within. Photo gallery See also Ouvrage Schoenenbourg Communes of the Bas-Rhin department References Communes of Bas-Rhin Bas-Rhin communes articles needing translation from French Wikipedia Plus Beaux Villages de France

Mapari River is a river of Amazonas state in north-western Brazil. See also List of rivers of Amazonas References Brazilian Ministry of Transport Rivers of Amazonas (Brazilian state)

Belitsa () is a village (село) in southwestern Bulgaria, located in the Ihtiman Municipality of the Sofia Province. Belitsa is placed in the western parts of the Sredna Gora mountain. The village was formed in 2001 with the unification of the villages Sredishtna (Средищна), Suevtsi (Суевци) and Grozdyovtsi (Гроздьовци). It is situated at 13 to the west of Poibrene on one of the roads between the capital Sofia and the town of Panagyurishte. There is a monument to Vasil Ikonomov in the vicinity of the village. References Villages in Sofia Province

Eriochloa is a widespread genus of plants in the grass family, commonly called cupgrass. They are found across much of Africa, Asia, Australia, and the Americas, plus a few places in European Russia. Species Eriochloa acuminata – tapertip cupgrass - Mexico, southern USA (from CA to MD + FL), northern Argentina Eriochloa aristata – bearded cupgrass - Mexico, USA (AZ, CA, MS) Eriochloa australiensis - Australia Eriochloa boliviensis - Bolivia Eriochloa boxiana - Mexico, Central America, Lesser Antilles, Colombia, Venezuela Eriochloa contracta – prairie cupgrass - Mexico, USA (from CA to FL to MN), Ontario Eriochloa crebra - Australia Eriochloa distachya - Central + South America Eriochloa fatmensis – tropical cupgrass - sub-Saharan Africa, Madagascar, Arabian Peninsula Eriochloa grandiflora - Santa Cruz in Bolivia, Paraguay, Misiones in Argentina, Minas Gerais in Brazil Eriochloa lemmonii – canyon cupgrass - USA (AZ, NM), northern + central Mexico Eriochloa macclounii - Tanzania, Malawi, Zambia, Zimbabwe, Mozambique, Botswana Eriochloa meyeriana - sub-Saharan Africa, Aldabra, Madagascar, Yemen Eriochloa michauxii – long-leaved cupgrass - USA (AL FL GA SC) Eriochloa montevidensis - Uruguay, Paraguay, Brazil, Bolivia, Chile, Argentina, Ecuador Eriochloa nana - Argentina (Formosa, Corrientes, Santiago del Estero) Eriochloa nelsonii - Mexico, Central America Eriochloa pacifica - Peru, Ecuador incl Galápagos Eriochloa parvispiculata - Kenya, Tanzania, Mozambique, Malawi, Eswatini, Limpopo, Mpumalanga, KwaZulu-Natal Eriochloa peruviana - Peru, Ecuador Eriochloa polystachya – caribgrass - Chiapas, Central America, West Indies, northern South America Eriochloa procera - Australia, New Guinea, southeast Asia, China, Indian Subcontinent, East Africa Eriochloa pseudoacrotricha - Australia Eriochloa punctata – Louisiana cupgrass - Central America, West Indies, South America, Mexico, USA (TX LA GA MD) Eriochloa rovumensis - Tanzania, Mozambique Eriochloa sericea – Texas cupgrass - USA (TX OK KS), Coahuila, Tamaulipas Eriochloa setosa - Cuba Eriochloa stapfiana - Madagascar, Kenya, Tanzania, Mozambique, Eswatini, Limpopo, Mpumalanga, KwaZulu-Natal Eriochloa stevensii - Costa Rica, Nicaragua, Ecuador, Venezuela, Peru Eriochloa subulifera - Aldabra, Madagascar Eriochloa succincta - southern European Russia, Caucasus, Iran, Iraq, Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, Turkmenistan, Tajikistan Eriochloa tridentata - Brazil, Bolivia, Argentina Eriochloa villosa – hairy cupgrass - Russia (Amur, Primorye, Khabarovsk), China incl Taiwan, Korea, Vietnam, Japan incl Ryukyu Is Eriochloa weberbaueri - Peru, Ecuador formerly included see Ancistrachne Axonopus Brachiaria Isachne Panicum Paspalum Tricholaena Urochloa References Panicoideae Poaceae genera

Motion interpolation or motion-compensated frame interpolation (MCFI) is a form of video processing in which intermediate film, video or animation frames are generated between existing ones by means of interpolation, in an attempt to make animation more fluid, to compensate for display motion blur, and for fake slow motion effects. Hardware applications Displays Motion interpolation is a common, optional feature of various modern display devices such as HDTVs and video players, aimed at increasing perceived framerate or alleviating display motion blur, a common problem on LCD flat-panel displays. Difference from display framerate A display's framerate is not always equivalent to that of the content being displayed. In other words, a display capable of or operating at a high framerate does not necessarily mean that it can or must perform motion interpolation. For example, a TV running at 120 Hz and displaying 24 FPS content will simply display each content frame for five of the 120 display frames per second. This has no effect on the picture other than eliminating the need for 3:2 pulldown and thus film judder as a matter of course (since 120 is evenly divisible by 24). Eliminating judder results in motion that is less "jumpy" and which matches that of a theater projector. Motion interpolation can be used to reduce judder, but it is not required in order to do so. Relationship to advertised display framerate The advertised frame-rate of a specific display may refer to either the maximum number of content frames which may be displayed per second, or the number of times the display is refreshed in some way, irrespective of content. In the latter case, the actual presence or strength of any motion interpolation option may vary. In addition, the ability of a display to show content at a specific framerate does not mean that display is capable of accepting content running at that rate; most consumer displays above 60 Hz do not accept a higher frequency signal, but rather use the extra frame capability to eliminate judder, reduce ghosting, or create interpolated frames. As an example, a TV may be advertised as "240 Hz", which would mean one of two things: The TV can natively display 240 frames per second, and perform advanced motion interpolation which inserts between 2 and 8 new frames between existing ones (for content running at 60 FPS to 24 FPS, respectively). For active 3D, this framerate would be halved. The TV is natively only capable of displaying 120 frames per second, and basic motion interpolation which inserts between 1 and 4 new frames between existing ones. Typically the only difference from a "120 Hz" TV in this case is the addition of a strobing backlight, which flickers on and off at 240 Hz, once after every 120 Hz frame. The intent of a strobing backlight is to increase the apparent response rate and thus reduce ghosting, which results in smoother motion overall. However, this technique has nothing to do with actual framerate. For active 3D, this framerate is halved, and no motion interpolation or pulldown functionality is typically provided. 600 Hz is an oft-advertised figure for plasma TVs, and while technically correct, it only refers to an inter-frame response time of 1.6 milliseconds. This can significantly reduce ghosting and thus improve motion quality, but is unrelated to interpolation and content framerate. There are no consumer films shot at 600 frames per second, nor any TV processors capable of generating 576 interpolated frames per second. Software applications Video playback software Motion interpolation features are included with several video player applications. WinDVD uses Philips' TrimensionDNM for frame interpolation. PowerDVD uses TrueTheater Motion for interpolation of DVD and video files to up to 72 frame/s. Splash PRO uses Mirillis Motion² technology for up to Full HD video interpolation. DmitriRender uses GPU-oriented frame rate conversion algorithm with native DXVA support for frame interpolation. Bluesky Frame Rate Converter is a DirectShow filter that can convert the frame rate using AMD Fluid Motion. SVP (SmoothVideo Project) comes integrated by default with MPC-HC; paid version can integrate with more players, including VLC. Video editing software Some video editing software and plugins offer motion interpolation effects to enhance digitally-slowed video. FFmpeg is a free software non-interactive tool with such functionality. Adobe After Effects has this in a feature called "Pixel Motion". AI software company Topaz Labs produces Video AI, a video upscaling application with motion interpolation. The effects plugin "Twixtor" is available for most major video editing suites, and offers similar functionality. Neural networks Depth-Aware Video Frame Interpolation Channel Attention Is All You Need Real-Time Intermediate Flow Estimation Intermediate Feature Refine Network Deep learning super sampling used specifically to interpolate frames in real-time for video games Side effects Visual artifacts Motion interpolation on certain brands of TVs is sometimes accompanied by visual anomalies in the picture, described by CNET's David Carnoy as a "little tear or glitch" in the picture, appearing for a fraction of a second. He adds that the effect is most noticeable when the technology suddenly kicks in during a fast camera pan. Television and display manufacturers refer to this phenomenon as a type of digital artifact. Due to the improvement of associated technology over time, such artifacts appear less frequently with modern consumer TVs, though they have yet to be eliminated entirely "the artifacts happens more often when the gap between frames are bigger". Soap opera effect As a byproduct of the perceived increase in frame rate, motion interpolation may introduce a "video" (versus "film") look. This look is commonly referred to as the "soap opera effect" (SOE), in reference to the distinctive appearance of most broadcast television soap operas or pre 2000s multicam sitcoms, which were typically shot using less expensive 60i video rather than film. Many complain that the soap opera effect ruins the theatrical look of cinematic works, by making it appear as if the viewer is either on set or watching a behind the scenes featurette. Almost all manufacturers provide ways to disable the feature, but because methods and terminology differ, the UHD Alliance proposed that all televisions have a "Filmmaker Mode" button on remote controls to disable motion smoothing. Sports viewers appreciate motion interpolation, as it reduces motion blur produced by camera pans and shaky cameras, and thus yields better clarity of such images. It may also be used to increase the apparent framerate of video games for a more realistic feel, although the addition of display lag may be an undesired side effect. This "video look" is created deliberately by the VidFIRE technique to restore archive television programs that only survive as film telerecordings. The main differences between an artificially (interpolated) and naturally (in-camera) high framerate are that in-camera is not subject to any of the aforementioned artifacts, contains more accurate (or "true to life") image data, and requires more storage space and bandwidth, since frames are not produced in real time.  The soap-opera effect also appears in Canadian and British TV shows and films because they usually film at 30fps and 25fps respectively, which divides evenly into the framerate of the viewing device rather than the 24fps that American media (other than soap-operas) typically film in which requires a 3:2 pulldown, thus giving them a "hyper-realistic and smooth" look compared to the "cinematic" look of US content. See also Inbetweening Motion compensation Motion interpolation (computer graphics) Flicker-free Television standards conversion 3:2 pulldown References External links High Frame Rate Motion Compensated Frame Interpolation in High-Definition Video Processing A Low Complexity Motion Compensated Frame Interpolation Method Display technology Video processing Interpolation Video Film and video technology

The Himalayan pika (Ochotona himalayana) is a species of small mammal in the pika family (Ochotonidae). It is found at high altitudes in remote areas of Ladakh, Uttarakhand and possibly also in Nepal &Tibet. The IUCN has listed this species as being of "least concern". Taxonomy The Himalayan pika was first described by Feng in 1973. Before that it was thought to by synonymous with Royle's pika (Ochotona roylei) and it is found wholly within the range of that species. However, molecular studies by Yu et al. (2000) confirmed that it was a separate species. There are no recognised subspecies. Distribution and habitat The Himalayan pika is native to the northern side of the Himalayas in the Tibet Autonomous Region in the Mount Everest area at altitudes of . There have been claims that it is present in Nepal on the southern side of the mountain range but this has not been authenticated. The typical habitat of this species is rocky places, screes, walls and cliffs in the vicinity of coniferous forests. Behaviour The Himalayan pika is a small mammal about long and very similar in appearance to Royle's pika. It is particularly active early in the morning and again at nightfall and feeds on various types of plant material. It produces litters of three or four young. Status The Himalayan pika lives in remote mountainous areas where it has little association with man. No particular threats have been identified and the International Union for Conservation of Nature list it as being of "least concern". The IUCN advocates that more research should be undertaken on its ecology and population status. References Himalayan pika Fauna of Eastern Himalaya Fauna of Tibet Himalayan pika Taxonomy articles created by Polbot Taxobox binomials not recognized by IUCN

Clifford R. Goldstein (born in 1955) is an American author and editor. He is a leading figure in the Seventh-day Adventist denomination and espouses mainline Adventist beliefs. Biography Goldstein was born in Albany, New York in the United States. He was raised a secular Jew, but became a Seventh-day Adventist in 1980. He studied at Southern College and at Outpost Centers International. He received a B.A. from the University of Florida. He edited the journal Shabbat Shalom from 1984 till 1992. In the early 90s, Goldstein interpreted the end of the Cold War as a new sign of the end of the world, with the end of the Soviet Union as the end of "the most implacable barrier to Adventist eschatology." He was a popular apocalyptic writer in the church at this time. In 1992 he received a M.A. in Ancient Northwest Semitic languages from Johns Hopkins University. He was the editor of Liberty magazine from 1992 till 1997. He became the editor of the Adventist Adult Sabbath School Lesson in 1999. He wrote the 2006 third quarter (July to September) edition, entitled The Gospel, 1844, and Judgment, which upheld the traditional views of the 1844 investigative judgment and heavenly sanctuary teachings. Goldstein and his wife Kimberly have two children. Beliefs According to Goldstein he has never been a member of the Adventist Theological Society (ATS). However he has been described as one of the two "effective spokesmen for the ATS perspective", and "the most visible and vocal exponent of the ATS agenda". He is known to espouse the belief that one cannot be an Adventist and an Evolutionist, a claim that some disagree with. Publications 1844 Made Simple (1989) (publisher's page) Best Seller (1990), republished as The Clifford Goldstein Story (1996) (publisher's page), an autobiography How Dare You Judge Us, God (1991) False Balances (1992) A Pause for Peace: What God's Gift of the Sabbath Can Mean to You (1992) The Day of the Dragon (1993) (publisher's page). Excerpt "The Hypocrisy of the Adventist Left" reprinted in Adventist Today The Remnant: Biblical Reality or Wishful Thinking? (1994) (publisher's page) Between the Lamb and the Lion (1995) One Nation Under God? (1996) Children of the Promise (1997) (publisher's page) Like a Fire in My Bones (1998) By His Stripes (1999) The Day Evil Dies (1999) (publisher's page) The Great Compromise (2001) (publisher's page) God, Gödel, and Grace: A Philosophy of Faith (2003) (publisher's page) Graffiti in the Holy of Holies (2004) (publisher's page). Chapter 5: "The Gospel and the Judgment" and Chapter 7: "The Gift of Prophecy" reprinted on the Adventist Review website The Mules That Angels Ride (2005) (publisher's page) Life Without Limits (publisher's pages: normal version, deluxe version) Touch Points tracts. See also Seventh-day Adventist Church Seventh-day Adventist theology Seventh-day Adventist eschatology History of the Seventh-day Adventist Church 28 fundamental beliefs Questions on Doctrine Teachings of Ellen White Inspiration of Ellen White Prophecy in the Seventh-day Adventist Church Investigative judgment The Pillars of Adventism Second Advent Baptism by Immersion Conditional Immortality Historicism End times Ellen G. White References External links Articles by Goldstein as cataloged in the Seventh-day Adventist Periodical Index (SDAPI) 1955 births Living people American Seventh-day Adventists Jewish American writers Converts to Adventism Writers from Albany, New York Seventh-day Adventist religious workers Southern Adventist University alumni Protestant writers

Hamidiye was an Ottoman cruiser that saw extensive action during the Balkan Wars and World War I. Initially named Abdül Hamid, it was ordered by the Ottoman Navy in 1900 from the British shipbuilding company Armstrong Whitworth. It was laid down in Elswick, Newcastle, in April 1902; launched on 25 September 1903; its sea trials began on 17 December 1903; and it was commissioned in April 1904. It weighed 3,904 tons; was 112 m long with a beam of 14.5 m and a draught of 4.8 m; and was named after the Ottoman Sultan Abdülhamid II. It had two 150mm L/45 quick firing guns, eight 120mm L/45 quick firing guns, six 47mm L/50 quick firing guns, six 37mm quick firing guns, and two 457mm torpedo tubes. Hamidiye was powered by two sets of four-cylinder triple expansion steam engines providing a top speed of 22.2 knots and carried a nominal complement of 400 (in 1904) and 355 (in 1915). Its name Abdül Hamid was changed to Hamidiye after the 1908 Young Turk Revolution. Under the terms of the Treaty of Sèvres, which ended the First World War between the Allies and the Ottoman Empire, the ship was to be handed over to the United Kingdom as war compensation. However, the ensuing Turkish War of Independence culminated in the abrogation of the Treaty of Sèvres; it was replaced by the Treaty of Lausanne, which permitted the new Turkish republic to retain its fleet, including Hamidiye, which became a training ship. Design General characteristics Hamidiye was long (length overall) ( between perpendiculars) and had a beam of 47 ft 6 in (14.48 m) and a draft of 16 ft (4.88 m). The ship displaced with a normal load. She was protected by Krupp armor. The armor system consisted of an internal protective deck: the horizontal portions above the waterline amidships were thick, while the slopes on the sides of the ship, which extended below the waterline, were thick. Hamidiye was powered by 2-shaft vertical triple expansion engines, which were supplied with steam by cylindrical boilers. The power plant was rated at 12,500 indicated horsepower, which produced a top speed of . Armament Hamidiye was armed with a wide array of medium and smaller caliber guns. The largest of these were two /45 Armstrong quick-firing guns each on a centre-pivot mounting with an open-backed gunshield, one forward and one aft. These guns fired projectiles at a rate of 5 to 7 rounds per minute. The mounts allowed elevation to 20°, which provided a maximum range of 14,600 yards (13,350 m). Eight /50 Armstrong quick-firing guns rounded out the primary armament; these were placed in single shielded centre-pivot mounts on broadside amidships, four on either side. Secondary weapons consisted of six 3-pounder guns and six 1-pounder guns, each mounted in single emplacements. Hamidiye also carried a pair of torpedo tubes; these were emplaced in two aim-able mounts underneath the forebridge. After the First World War, Hamidiye was rearmed; both types of primary guns were removed, and replaced with SK L/45 and SK L/50 Krupp guns. Service history 1908–1909 Hamidiye was involved in putting down a Greek uprising at Samos Island in 1908. In 1909 it was attached to the army which, under Mahmud Şevket Pasha, marched on Istanbul to put down the counter-revolution (31 March Incident), and anchored off Yeşilköy, across from Sevket Pasha's headquarters. Balkan Wars Hamidiye fought in the Balkan Wars under the command of Captain Rauf Orbay, and was the only Ottoman ship to distinguish itself in the conflict. In November 1912, while shelling Bulgarian positions during the First Balkan War, Hamidiye was damaged in the Battle of Kaliakra by the Bulgarian torpedo boat , though Orbay claimed to have sunk two other torpedo boats. The torpedo tore a hole in her bow on the starboard side, and killed eight men. Though the bow was mostly submerged, it was able to withdraw back to home port for repairs. On 14 January 1913, Hamidiye slipped through the Greek naval blockade of the Dardanelles under cover of night, and proceeded to raid Greek shipping in the Aegean. The next day, at Syros, it sank the Greek armed merchant cruiser and shelled the town of Ermoupoli. From there it set sail to Beirut and Port Said. The raids of Hamidiye and its ability to roam around the Mediterranean and sow confusion, disrupt shipping and destroy various ships and facilities while avoiding its pursuers became a major morale booster for the Ottomans. The main aim of its sally however, to draw away the Greek cruiser so as to enable the Ottoman fleet to tackle the rest of the Greek navy in support of the Ottoman land forces, failed. Orbay then led his ship to shell Greek and Serbian positions on the coast of Albania. On 12 March 1913 Hamidiye attacked 13 Greek merchant ships offloading Serbian troops (bound from Salonika) in the port of San Giovanni di Medua, Albania. She managed to sink or heavily damage six Greek ships and also damaged a neutral Austrian ship, as well as shell the Serbian military encampment there but, mindful of the lack of friendly ports nearby where repairs could be affected, Orbay opted to open the range by a few kilometers when a pair of Serbian mountain guns started firing back from the deck of the merchant ship Trifimia. This, combined with poor Ottoman gunnery and limited shell stocks saved the allies from further damage. The whole incident sparked a furious complaint from the Serbs about a lack of protection by the Hellenic Navy of their chartered transports, compelling the Greeks to escort further convoys with the ironclad Psara. Meanwhile, Hamidiye managed to evade the Greek destroyers sent to find it, and set sail for Egypt. Another sortie south of Crete led to the capture of another Greek merchantman, but reports of Greek warships near Rhodes forced Hamidiye, whose boilers were damaged and reduced her speed, to seek refuge in the Red Sea, where it sat out the end of the war. World War I During World War I, it fought against the Russian Navy in Black Sea and joined and in maintaining control over Black Sea lanes and ports. It engaged in numerous naval battles, was hit many times. Hamidiye conducted a series of operations in company with Yavûz and Midilli; on 23 September 1914, Hamidiye sailed with Yavûz to Trebizond to escort three transports. In November it bombarded military installations at Russian port Tuapse. The ship sortied again in January 1915 along with Midilli; on 9 January the two ships accidentally encountered the Russian fleet off Yalta. In the brief engagement, Midilli hit the Russian battleship once. On their return they were pursued by ships of the Russian fleet. The recently repaired Yavûz steamed out of the Bosporus to cover the arrival of Hamidiye and Midilli and force off the pursuing Russians. Post World War I The war between the Allies and the Ottoman Empire was ended with the signing of the Treaty of Sèvres on 10 August 1920; according to the terms of the treaty, Hamidiye, along with Yavûz and several other warships, were to be ceded to Great Britain as war reparations. However, the Turkish War of Independence, led by Mustafa Kemal Atatürk, eventually created a new Turkish state; the Treaty of Sèvres was discarded, and the Treaty of Lausanne was signed in its place. Under the terms of this treaty, the new Turkish republic regained possession of much its fleet. It was the first Ottoman warship to be transferred to the Turkish Navy in 1925. On 23 October 1937, Hamidiye was involved in a collision with at Beşiktaş. Ordu sank with the loss of two crew members. Awards The only commemorative military medal issued by the Ottomans for the Balkan Wars was the Cruiser Hamidiye Medal 1913, which was given to each of the ship's 394 crew members. The ship was decommissioned in March 1947 after a service of training cadets since 1940. For a short while between 1949 and 1951, it was a museum ship anchored at the port of the Kabataş quarter in Istanbul, on the European shoreline of the Bosphorus. Hamidiye was then laid up at the Golden Horn between 1951 and 1964, until it was sold for scrap on 10 September 1964. It was then towed to the Paşabahçe quarter in the Beykoz district of Istanbul, on the Anatolian shoreline of the Bosphorus, and its breaking-up was completed there in 1966. Notes Footnotes Bibliography Books David Nicolle and Raffaele Ruggeri, The Ottoman Army 1914–18, Osprey Publishing Ltd., 1994. Online External links Ships built on the River Tyne Ships built by Armstrong Whitworth Naval history of the Ottoman Empire Cruisers of the Ottoman Navy Naval ships of the Ottoman Empire in the Balkan Wars World War I cruisers of the Ottoman Empire Cruisers of the Turkish Navy 1903 ships

Caroline Elizabeth Mary Stuart-Wortley, Baroness Wharncliffe (née Crichton; 1779–1856), styled Lady Caroline Crichton from 1789 until her marriage, was an Irish-born British aristocrat and female artist known for her landscape and figurative drawing and painting. A number of these artworks are in the Tate collection and archives. Biography Lady Caroline Elizabeth Mary Crichton was the daughter of John Crichton, 1st Earl Erne by his second wife, the former Lady Mary Caroline Hervey, daughter of Frederick Hervey, 4th Earl of Bristol and elder sister of the notorious Lady Elizabeth Foster. She married James Stuart-Wortley, 1st Baron Wharncliffe and had four children; John Stuart-Wortley-Mackenzie, 2nd Baron Wharncliffe (1801–1855) Hon. Charles Stuart-Wortley-Mackenzie (1802–1844) Hon. James Archibald Stuart-Wortley (1805–1881), Solicitor-General Hon. Caroline Jane Stuart-Wortley-Mackenzie (d. 12 June 1876), married on 30 August 1830 Hon. John Chetwynd-Talbot (1806–1852) There are four portraits of her as a child in the National Trust Collection. Lord Wharncliffe died in December 1845, aged 69, and was succeeded in the barony by his eldest son, John, whose son Edward, 3rd Baron was created Earl of Wharncliffe in 1876. Elizabeth, Dowager Baroness Wharncliffe died in April 1856. Personal life Lady Wharncliffe was the daughter of John Creighton, 1st Earl Erne and the granddaughter of Lord Stuart of Wortley, the first Conservative to be elected as a Member of Parliament for Sheffield. She married Lord Wharncliffe on 30 March 1799. They had four children: John Stuart-Wortley-Mackenzie, 2nd Baron Wharncliffe (1801–1855) Hon. Charles Stuart-Wortley-Mackenzie (1802–1844) Hon. James Archibald Stuart-Wortley (1805–1881), Solicitor-General Hon. Caroline Jane Stuart-Wortley-Mackenzie (d. 12 June 1876), married on 30 August 1830 Hon. John Chetwynd-Talbot (1806–1852) Works 55 works, including one landscape painting and a series of sketches of models, by Lady Wharncliffe can be found, in the Tate Collection and Archive. Bibliography The book 'The first Lady Wharncliffe and her family (1779-1856); v.1 / by her grandchildren Caroline Grosvenor and the late Charles Beilby, Lord Stuart of Wortley. 1927' is in the Royal Collection Trust. Further reading Lady Wharncliffe's letters are kept by the National Archives. References 1779 births 1856 deaths 19th-century British painters 19th-century British women artists British artists British women painters British baronesses Daughters of Irish earls

Kapasia () is an upazila (sub-district) of Gazipur District in central Bangladesh, part of the Dhaka Division. It is located at , and is best known as the home upazila of Tajuddin Ahmad, the first Prime Minister of Bangladesh. The modern-day upazila was a part of the historic Bhawal Estate and falls within its boundary. Etymology The name is said to have come from karpas (কার্পাস), a Bengali word for cotton. It is said that the area has been known for its cotton industry since the 1st century. History During the reign of the Sultan of Bengal Alauddin Husain Shah, an Islamic scholar known as Shaykh Muhammad ibn Yazdan Bakhsh Bengali visited Ekdala where he transcribed Sahih al-Bukhari and gifted it to the Sultan in Sonargaon. The manuscript is currently kept at the Khuda Bakhsh Oriental Library in Bankipore, Patna, Bihar. In the 16th century, Isa Khan and the Baro-Bhuiyans built up resistance in the modern-day Kapasia against Man Singh I, the Mughal governor of Bengal Subah, and a number of face-offs took place here. The village of Teetbady became famed for its muslin manufacturing. An earthquake in this century led to char islands forming in eastern Kapasia upon the Brahmaputra River. In 1924, the Kapasia thana (police outpost), which had 26 Unions, was divided into Kapasia, Kaliganj and Sreepur. 11 Unions remained with Kapasia. During the Bangladesh Liberation War of 1971, the Pakistan Army sacked the entire marketplace in May and conducted mass killings across the village of Taragaon. Later, the Bengali freedom fighters attacked the Kapasia Police Station, capturing arms and ammunitions. An brawl took place in the village of Najai, Raniganj and at a place adjacent to the Raonat Bridge. On 13 August, The Circle Officer's office was attacked with grenades by the freedom fighters. Further encounters took place in October, in the villages of Taragaon and Kheyaghat. Sajjad of Taragaon was martyred and a monument for the freedom fighters was established in front of the Muktijoddha Sangsad premises. The Tornadoes of 2003 heavily damaged settlements in the village of Kamargaon. Landslides on 22 February 2004 also damaged the village of Dasshu Narayanpur. On 15 December 1982, Kapasia was upgraded to an upazila (sub-district). Demographics According to the 1991 Bangladesh census, Kapasia had a population of 303,710, of whom 154,204 were aged 18 or over. In 1881, the population was 119,515. Males constituted 97.83% of the population, and females 91.17%. Kapasia has an average literacy rate of 95% (7+ years), against the national average of 95.4%. Majority of the inhabitants are Bengali Muslims, though there are also communities of Rajbongshis, Santals and Mandis. Economy Kapasia is a part of Gazipur District's Agricultural Area. Fishery is also popular along with farming. There has been an earlier project in Kapasia Upazila where the WorldFish Center with funding from the International Fund for Agricultural Development (IFAD) and the Danish International Development Agency (Danida), had researched on farming systems and had introduced adaptive integrated aquaculture practices. Points of interest Historically home to Shishupala, the ruins of the ancient capital and reservoir can still be found today. Kapasia is filled with numerous medieval forts such as the Ekdala Fort, Dardaria Fort, Tok Fort and the Karnapur Fort. Out of the upazila's 594 mosques, some notable one include the Sultanpur-Dargapara Shahi Jame Masjid in Tok. The Raniganj Neelkuthi (indigo-house), dating back to the 1800s, and the Dak Bungalow of Lakhpur are both examples of colonial-era architecture. The Joradighi (a joint pair of reservoirs), the Dhadarchar (Shitalakshya-Brahmaputra confluence), Baniar Beel, Nail Beel, Machha Beel, Buri Beel, Suti canal and the Kamra EcoPark are popular natural tourist sites. Other tourist sites include the Faqir Majnu Shah Bridge, Angona Amusement Centre and the home of Tajuddin Ahmad, first Prime Minister of Bangladesh, in Durdaria. Administration Kapasia Upazila is divided into 11 union parishads: Barishab, Chandpur, Durgapur, Ghagotia, Kapasia, Karihata, Rayed, Sonmania, Sinhasree, Targoan, and Tokh. The union parishads are subdivided into 81 mauzas and 172 villages. Notable people Tajuddin Ahmad, first Prime Minister of Bangladesh Afsaruddin Ahmad, lawyer Hannan Shah, army officer Mohammad Sanaullah, physician Mohammad Shahidullah, politician Mohammad Obaid Ullah, politician Simeen Hussain Rimi, politician Tanjim Ahmad Sohel Taj, politician Zahir Uddin Ahmed, former Chief of Naval Staff, Bangladesh Navy See also Upazilas of Bangladesh Districts of Bangladesh Divisions of Bangladesh Further reading References Upazilas of Gazipur District

Articles on Railway research include: International Association of Railway Operations Research Matrai, Iran Railway Research Center Railway Technical Research Institute, Japan British Rail Research Division, Derby

Virginian Railway Yard Historic District is a national historic district located at Princeton, Mercer County, West Virginia. The district includes 14 contributing buildings, 1 contributing site, and 1 contributing structure related to the Virginian Railway property at Princeton. Many date to the founding of the railway in 1905–1909, with others related to a physical improvements campaign in the 1920s. A number of the buildings are a vernacular interpretation of the Romanesque Revival style. They include the Locomotive Erecting Shop, transfer table pit (c. 1905), machine shop foundations, three water pump houses (c. 1910–1920), North Repair Shop (c. 1925), Brick Storehouse (c. 1940), and Car Wheel Shop (c. 1905). It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2003. References Commercial buildings on the National Register of Historic Places in West Virginia Historic districts in Mercer County, West Virginia Romanesque Revival architecture in West Virginia Princeton, West Virginia National Register of Historic Places in Mercer County, West Virginia Historic districts on the National Register of Historic Places in West Virginia

Final Curtain was a 22-minute television pilot written and directed by Ed Wood in 1957. It starred Duke Moore as an actor wandering an empty theater after dark, where he is haunted by creepy sounds and eerie sights. The film is narrated by Dudley Manlove. Both Moore and Manlove also appear in Wood's cult film Plan 9 from Outer Space. Wood had hoped to use the film as the pilot for a television series he intended to produce called Portraits of Terror. Some scenes where the actor explores the theater were later inserted into Wood's 1959 film, Night of the Ghouls, with a voiceover narration designed to make it fit the story better. For years, the complete version of Final Curtain was considered a lost film, until a copy was discovered by Jason Insalaco, great-nephew of actor Paul Marco (who had appeared in several Ed Wood projects). The restored film was premiered at the Slamdance Film Festival on January 23, 2012 and is now available on DVD. References External links 1957 films 1957 television specials Films directed by Ed Wood Films produced by Ed Wood 1950s American television specials 1957 in American television Films with screenplays by Ed Wood Television films as pilots Television pilots not picked up as a series 1950s rediscovered films American television films Rediscovered American films 1950s English-language films

is a fictional character in the Mario franchise. He plays the role of Luigi's arch-rival and accompanies Wario in spin-offs from the main Mario series, often for the sake of causing mischief and problems. He was created by Camelot employee Fumihide Aoki and was voiced from 2000 to 2023 by Charles Martinet, who described Waluigi as someone who has a lot of self-pity and would "cheat to win". First debuting in the 2000 Nintendo 64 game Mario Tennis to polarized reception from the media, Waluigi has since attained a cult following, especially helped through his use as an Internet meme. Creation and characteristics Waluigi was created during the development of the game Mario Tennis, to serve as the bitter rival to Luigi and introduced as Wario's younger brother in the American version of the game. He was created by Fumihide Aoki and is voiced by Charles Martinet. His name is a portmanteau of Luigi's name and the Japanese adjective meaning "bad"; hence, a "bad Luigi". He is said to be a mischievous, cunning man. Martinet stated that the cornerstone of Waluigi's personality is one of self-pity, a character who feels that everything goes right for everyone but himself. As displayed in Mario Power Tennis and Mario Hoops 3-on-3, Waluigi features the ability to summon a body of water and swim towards each game's respective ball, which IGN editor Rob Burman described as "baffling". Waluigi borrows Wario's design principle as an evil, twisted version of his counterpart, pushing Luigi's leaner body type to the extreme, which renders him particularly skinny and angular, with a pointy chin and thin mustache. While these features contrast strongly with Wario's, the two still share a lot of physical attributes: a large pink nose, pointy shoes, a W-shaped mustache, a wide permanent grin with blocky teeth, and bags under their eyes. He has a high-pitched, nasal voice and makes the sound He is the same age as Luigi and wears black overalls, a purple long-sleeved shirt, a purple hat with a yellow "Γ" symbol (an inverted L, paralleling Wario's W as an upside-down M), orange shoes, and white gloves with a yellow "Γ" symbol as well. When asked whether Waluigi was a brother to Wario, Martinet stated that while he did not know, he felt that they were just "two nice, evil guys who found each other". Appearances Waluigi's first two appearances were in the Nintendo 64 and Game Boy Color versions of Mario Tennis, establishing himself as Luigi's supposedly long time rival and Wario's doubles partner, whom he would remain partners with for most future installments, the one exception being Mario Tennis: Power Tour, the only time that he appeared in-game without Wario. Since his introduction, Waluigi has appeared as a playable character in every Mario sports game. Notably, in Mario Golf: Toadstool Tour and Mario Power Tennis, he holds up the sign for Camelot Software Planning to signify the game developers in the opening movies. Alongside Princess Daisy, Waluigi joined the Mario Party series starting with Mario Party 3, where he owns an island filled with traps and explosives. In the game's story mode, he is faced as the penultimate foe after defeating Bowser. Waluigi appears in the Mario Kart series, first appearing in Mario Kart: Double Dash!!, where his course is known as Waluigi Stadium. He would go on to be featured in all future console installments with the exception of Mario Kart 7, where he was cut due to time constraints despite his course, Waluigi Pinball (DS), being selectable. Waluigi's most significant role to date was as the main antagonist of Dance Dance Revolution: Mario Mix, in which he wreaks havoc in the Mushroom Kingdom by pilfering special objects called the Music Keys to hypnotize the world with his dancing, hoping to conquer it and spread chaos. The rest of the keys are held by a Blooper, Wario, and Bowser, respectively. In the Super Smash Bros. series, starting with Brawl, Waluigi appears as a non-playable Assist Trophy item, while his purple color palette appears as one of Luigi's alternate costumes and in later installments, for Mario and Wario as well. During Waluigi's reveal for Super Smash Bros. for Nintendo 3DS and Wii U, game director Masahiro Sakurai jokingly stated that "just because you try hard doesn't mean you'll make it into the battle." He was also used as an example for K.O.ing assist trophies during the gameplay reveal of Super Smash Bros. Ultimate. As for minor appearances, Waluigi graces in Super Mario Maker as an unlockable Mystery Mushroom costume for Mario to wear in the Super Mario Bros. style. Although he does not make an appearance in Paper Mario: The Thousand-Year Door, if the player has both the Wario emblem and the Luigi emblem equipped at the same time, Mario will be dressed in the colors of Waluigi. In Super Mario Odyssey, an outfit modeled after Waluigi's own can be purchased in-game and worn by Mario after the player has either scanned the Waluigi amiibo or collected enough Power Moons; the description mentions his desire for the spotlight. Waluigi makes a very brief appearance in Mario + Rabbids Kingdom Battle as a figurine in the opening, however, a Rabbid version, named Bwaluigi, appears as a boss alongside Wario's Rabbid counterpart, Bwario. Reception Since his appearance in Mario Tennis, Waluigi has received a mixed reception. Gamervision editor Jonathan Cooper wrote an article entitled "Ten Reasons Waluigi is Awesome", listing such qualities as his developed personality, his role in Super Smash Bros. Brawl, and his role in Mario sports games. In the book Icons of Horror and the Supernatural: An Encyclopedia of Our Worst Nightmares, Volume 1, author S. T. Joshi cites both Waluigi and Wario as examples of alter egos, also as evidence of how popular it is to feature such character archetypes. IGN editor Matt Casamassina described him as a recognizable mascot to many, but also as a beloved one to Nintendo fans. Hiroyuki Takahashi, a developer for Mario Power Tennis listed him, along with his companion Wario, as his favorite character in Power Tennis, describing them both as detestable heels, adding that he likes characters with more personality. Gamingillustrateds writer Greg Johnson, during his article about Mario Kart 8, described Waluigi's return as one of the game's bright-sides. An article in Gameranx, entitled "Waluigi: Unwrapping the Enigma", dwells in Waluigi's self-pity and ambiguous origins, describing him as one of the most misunderstood characters in video games, and more than capable of holding his own game. In addition, Steve Haske from Unwinnable wrote an article called "Defending Waluigi" that discussed Waluigi's partly negative reception, claiming Waluigi to be an even more interesting character than Wario, praising Waluigi for the comic relief he provides and mentioning his absence as a playable character in Super Smash Bros. Brawl as a sad disrespect to his fans. Evil Geeks, a website dedicated towards villains, claimed Waluigi to be Nintendo's most evil character, because of his hatred, greed, and power, and wrote that Waluigi should have his own game simply so that we could see what he is capable of. In addition to those articles, VentureBeat'''s writer Chris Hoadley wrote an article called "The Greatness of Waluigi", describing him as the most cynical Mario franchise character, and the greatest one of the last decade. Chris wrote about how Waluigi, despite being constantly ridiculed for his lack of importance, has one of the strongest and most developed personalities of the cast. Conversely, GameDaily listed him as one of the characters they wanted to kill but were not able to, describing him as "One of the most unimportant characters in video game history". Kotaku editor Mike Fahey commented that Waluigi was his personal most annoying video game character. GamesRadar described Waluigi as a "lame-o villain" in an otherwise great game, referencing Mario Tennis. Editor Henry Gilbert titled his section "Waluigi: The worst character ever", suggesting that the creation process involved the developers of Mario Tennis having no one to fill the final character slot, and conceiving him as an "evil Luigi". He describes such an act as "plunging to the bottom of the intellectual barrel". He also calls Waluigi "disgustingly tall and thin" as opposed to Wario, who he calls a "fatass". He later states that the staff of GamesRadar feels that Waluigi is seen as "less than legitimate" by Nintendo, who he feels may not find him good enough to appear in a main Mario or Wario title. IGN editor Lucas M. Thomas discussed him as a possible, yet unlikely, candidate for a "second banana" character to be playable in Super Smash Bros. Brawl, commenting that Waluigi, amongst other sidekick characters, are not well-liked. IGN staff, while praising Bowser as one of the most memorable video game villains, criticized both Waluigi and Wario as being "evil twin knockoffs". Despite Waluigi's popularity gain as an Internet meme, he has yet to appear outside of Mario spin-offs. His lack of playability within Super Smash Bros. Ultimate (confirmed when the character was announced as a non-playable Assist Trophy during E3 2018) was met with negative reception from the gaming press and social media, with websites such as Reddit and Twitter leading the outcry. Online Change.org petitions have been created in support of Waluigi being added as a playable character, garnering thousands of supporters. IGN's Joe Skrebels described his non-playable status within the game as "… a slap in the face for those who want a playable Waluigi". Former Nintendo of America president Reggie Fils-Aimé has acknowledged the popularity of Waluigi and the desire to have him playable in Super Smash Bros. Ultimate'', citing that series director Masahiro Sakurai "… will be aware of the groundswell of support that appeared for Waluigi. And in the end, it's his decision to make". Notes References Fictional bullies Fictional Italian people in video games Internet meme characters Internet memes introduced in 2000 Male characters in video games Mario (franchise) enemies Nintendo protagonists Video game bosses Video game characters introduced in 2000 Video game memes Video game sidekicks

Pete Teo (, born 26 December 1972), is a multiple award winning Malaysian singer songwriter, film composer and filmmaker as well as a sought-after actor in what has become known as 'New Wave Malaysian Cinema'. His work is associated with non-partisan reform politics in Malaysia – in particular, using new media resources to promote wider democratic participation, press freedom, and racial unity. Teo's work has been featured on the BBC, CNN, KBS, NHK, as well as numerous international film festivals and arts events. He has made some of the most watched viral videos in Malaysia. Life and career Teo was born in Tawau, Sabah, Malaysia. He began his career with two albums as a member of the cult Hong Kong indie duo "Mid-Century" 「中葉」. He subsequently released two solo albums – Rustic Living for Urbanites (2003 / produced by Ronan Chris Murphy) and Television (2006 / produced by Nick Lee & Pete Teo) on his own label Redbag Music. Rustic Living For Urbanites won the Best Music Video and Best Album Cover category at the Anugerah Industri Muzik Malaysia (AIM – Malaysian Music Industry Awards) 2004. His follow-up album Television – an alternative folk music album filled with reflections on a media saturated world and Americana – won all 3 categories it was nominated for at AIM 2007 – Best Album Cover, Best Music Video and Best English Album – where Teo emerged as the biggest winner of the night, the first non-mainstream indie artist to do so in the history of the awards. "Television" subsequently became the first Malaysian record to be licensed and released in South Korea. Teo was also the first ever Malaysian artist to play at the South By Southwest music festival in Austin Texas in 2007. In April 2008, Teo independently produced a zero-budget, non-partisan, non-profit, multi-artists recording of his anti-racism composition 'Here in My Home'. Entitled 'Malaysian Artistes For Unity (MAFU), the project attracted pro bono participation from over 50 Malaysian artists, media personalities and arts activists – including Ning Baizura, Awie, Afdlin Shauki, Jason Lo, Maya Karin, Tony Fernandes, Jaclyn Victor, etc. and many others personalities and volunteers. The music video for the song, directed by Yasmin Ahmad and Ho Yuhang premiered at the Malaysian Music Industry Awards 2008 to a nationwide television audience. In the weeks subsequent to its release, the video became one of the most viral videos in the world – reaching as high as no. 3. Both the song and the video are available for free download on the project's official website. In 2009, Teo released 15Malaysia – an anthology of 15 short films themed on social political issues in Malaysia. The project became a watershed in Malaysian popular and political culture, not only by featuring politicians as cast, but also recording more than 15 million visitors on its project website in 60 days. The feature-length version of the films has since been exhibited worldwide including at the Pompidou Paris, Golden Horse Awards, Busan International Film Festival, Rotterdam International Film Festival and more. In the same year, his compositions for the soundtrack of Yasmin Ahmad's film Talentime became popular in Malaysia – with the song Pergi (performed by Aizat Amdan) winning the "Song of the Year" Award at the Anugerah Juara Lagu. Teo released a music video promoting the vote entitled Undilah in 2011. Featuring celebrities and both government and opposition politicians, the video was banned for broadcasting by the Information Minister Rais Yatim shortly after release. In the subsequent media uproar, the Prime Minister Najib Razak "unbanned" the video and it went on to become ond of the most watched videos in the Malaysia for 2011. Teo was also listed by CNN as amongst the 135 Asians to watch. 16 September 2013 – Teo released "Hari Malaysia" – a music video funded by the public celebrating the 50th year of the formation of Malaysia. Made with archive news footage and extensive CGI visual effects, the video featured a cast of superstars and politicians including Michelle Yeoh, Nurul Izzah Anwar, Tengku Razaleigh Hamzah, Ambiga, Namewee and more. The video also featured the songs "Slipstream" (performed by Melina William) and "Kembara" (performed by Asmidar). In February 2015, Teo was chosen to represent Malaysia in Art Midwest's Caravanserai project, where he undertook a tour of Texas, Georgia and Florida conducting exhibitions and workshops on his film work. In August of the same year, he shot a rare two hour interview with ex-Malaysian Prime Minister Tun Dr Mahathir Mohamad in Tokyo as part of an ambitious documentary project on recent Malaysian political history. The project has as yet an undetermined release date. Teo played Tony in Dreamworks / Paramount's Ghost In The Shell, a live action adaptation of the classic manga/anime. Directed by Rupert Sanders and starring Scarlett Johansson, the blockbuster film was released globally in March 2017. Together with Liew Seng Tat, Teo released “Citizens”, a remarkable 2017 National Day video with the Transport Minister of Malaysia Liow Tiong Lai playing both himself and a confrontational citizen. Rather than celebratory as was normal practice, the video was somber in its questioning of the country's direction, unprecedented in its apologetic confessions and provocative in its use of visual imagery. 2018 saw the world premiere and Golden Leopard nomination of “A Family Tour” by emigre China filmmaker Ying Liang at Locarno Film Festival starring a leading cast of Gong Zhe, Nai An and Teo. Discography Rustic Living for Urbanites (Album – 2003 Redbag Music) – Artist: Pete Teo (Producer: Ronan Chris Murphy) Television (Album – 2006 Redbag Music) – Artist: Pete Teo (Producer: Nick Lee & Pete Teo) "I Go" (Single – 2008 Redbag Music) – Artist: Pete Teo (Producer: Pete Teo) "Here In My Home" (Single – 2008 Redbag Music) – Artist: Malaysian Artistes For Unity (Producer / Composer: Pete Teo) "Pergi" (Single – 2009 Universal Music) – Artist: Aizat (Producer / Composer: Pete Teo) "Itulah Dirimu" (Single – 2009 Universal Music) – Artist: Aizat (Producer / Composer: Pete Teo) "Angel" (Single – 2009 Universal Music) – Artist: Atilia (Producer / Composer: Pete Teo) "Talentime Soundtrack" (Album – 2009 Universal Music) – Artist: Various (Producer / Composer: Pete Teo) "Hari Malaysia" ('Kembara & Slipstream' – 2013 – Artist: Various (Producer / Composer: Pete Teo) Filmography Film Television Awards Best Music Video & Best Album Cover for 'Rustic Living For Urbanites' – Anugerah Industri Muzik 2004 Best Music Video, Best Album Cover & Best English Album for 'Television' – Anugerah Industri Muzik 2007 Song of the Year for the song 'Pergi' [Composer] – Anugerah Juara Lagu 2009 CNN's Top 135 'People To Watch' in Asia 2011. SHOUT! Awards "Best Youtube Channel" for Pete Teo Television (Nominee) 2013 References External links Official website Official Blog MySpace Page Pete Teo Japanese Language Site Pete Teo Interview on Malaysian Artistes for Unity Review of Television WeirdMusic.net Magazine – Pete Teo Interview AIM 07 Best Video 'Lost In America' Winner Of Nokia Music Video Competition – 'Carnival Hall' AIM 04 Best Video 'Arms Of Marianne' Malaysian Artistes for Unity Official Website Malaysian Artistes For Unity Music Video Interview about Malaysian Artistes For Unity 15Malaysia Official Website Review of 15Malaysia by Jean-Michel Frodon [French] Undilah Official Website 1972 births Living people Malaysian male singer-songwriters Malaysian singer-songwriters Malaysian people of Chinese descent People from Sabah Malaysian folk singers Malaysian rock singers

SK Super Nova is a Latvian association football club currently playing in the Virslīga. They were founded in 2000 in the city of Olaine. The team has been based in Salaspils since 2022. About The club was founded in 2000. In 2018, they were promoted to the country's second division . In the first two seasons they made it to the promotion rounds to Virslīga, where the team was defeated in both cases. In 2022, they were promoted to the Virslīga. Squad References External links online.lff.lv Latvijas Futbola federācija Football clubs in Latvia 2000 establishments in Latvia

The Herrenwieser Schwallung is a splash dam, built in 1844–47 of bunter sandstone, near Herrenwies in the Black Forest, which impounds the waters of the Schwarzenbach stream into a pond. In the days of timber rafting it was periodically opened and washed the fallen logs or timber rafts downstream into the valley. Today the dam acts as a bridge over the Schwarzenbach. Technology Until 1844 a wooden splash dam (Schwallung) stood on the same spot. Because it took a great deal of maintenance, however, it was replaced under the direction of Weisenbach master stonemason, Belzer, with a dam made of bunter sandstone that is still there today. The individual stones were very precisely carved and laid without any mortar and the structure was finished with perfectly fitting, wedged keystones. The dam stands at a valley floor height of roughly , is about 20.5 metres wide at the foot, 67 metres long and can store 20,000 to 25,000 cubic metres of water. Timber transportation The logs for timber rafting were hauled down tracks (Lotwegen) from the mountains to the rafting pond (Floßstube) on the valley side of the splash dam by horses and stored there. By suddenly opening the two lock gates, the logs floated into the Murg valley. Rafters (Floßknechte) freed any jammed logs using raft poles (Floßstangen). This work on the raft was dangerous and drew onlookers from the surrounding area, for example from the nearby town of Baden-Baden. Further downstream on the Murg in Gernsbach and Hörden the logs were roped together into timber rafts and floated down to the River Rhine, where they were combined into larger rafts that were hauled to Holland for sale. Literature Karl Friedrich Viktor Jägerschmid: Das Murgthal: besonders in Hinsicht auf Naturgeschichte und Statistik, 1800, pp. 93–98 (description of its wooden predecessor; digitalised). References External links Location of the Herrenwieser Schwallung at: 1840s architecture Ponds of Europe Lakes of the Black Forest Dams in Baden-Württemberg Reservoirs in Baden-Württemberg Rastatt (district) LHerrenwieser Schwallung

Thomas Eastwood Dickinson (11 January 1931 – 25 June 2018) was an Australian-born first-class cricket player for Lancashire in 1950 and 1951 and for Somerset in 1957. But he decided against a full-time cricket career and became a schoolmaster. He was born in Parramatta, Sydney, Australia. Life and career Though born in Australia, Dickinson was educated in England at Blackburn Grammar School and Manchester University, where he gained a BSc in Maths. A right-arm fast-medium bowler and a left-handed tail-end batsman, he played Lancashire League cricket for East Lancashire from the age of 15 and made his first-class debut for Lancashire as a 19-year-old in 1950, playing as an amateur. Such was the dominance of Lancashire's spin attack of Roy Tattersall, Bob Berry, Malcolm Hilton and Peter Greenwood that Dickinson bowled only 56 overs in his four matches for the side in 1950 and 1951, never taking more than one wicket in any innings. In the mid-1950s, he turned out for The Army in non-first-class matches. He was appointed Head of Maths at Queen's College, Taunton. During the summer holidays in August 1957 he played in five consecutive matches for Somerset. In his first match, against Glamorgan, he took five wickets for 36 in the first innings, sharing all 10 wickets in the innings with Bryan Lobb, who took five for 63. In the following match, he was again Somerset's most successful bowler against a full-strength Surrey side heading for its sixth consecutive County Championship: he took four for 80, though Surrey won the match. But after taking 17 wickets at an average of less than 20 runs per wicket, he did not appear in first-class matches again, though he played for Somerset's second eleven in Minor Counties matches in the school holidays in 1958. Dickinson's batting was negligible, and in nine first-class matches he did not ever reach double figures. The Somerset historian David Foot, however, remembered his batting style: "More than once I saw him switch from left to right hand in the middle of an over – not to attempt the contentious reverse sweep but to deceive the fielders and show he could play the cover drive on both sides," he wrote. "They used to say he could also bowl with either hand." He taught at Queen's College for 29 years before retiring to Nottinghamshire. References External links 1931 births 2018 deaths Australian cricketers Lancashire cricketers Somerset cricketers Cricketers from Sydney

Liewe Heksie (Beloved Little Witch) is an Afrikaans work of fiction developed by children's book author Verna Vels in 1961. It tells the stories of Liewe Heksie who stays with elves in Blommeland. There saga started off as radio stories followed by books and stories on vinyl record. It then debuted on television in 1978 as an Afrikaans language children's television programme directed by Louise Smit. The second series of Liewe Heksie began in 1981 for a total od 52 episodes. Stories Series 1 Liewe Heksie en die Silwerroos (Liewe Heksie and the Silver Rose) Liewe Heksie se Sterretjieskombuis (Liewe Heksie's Star-filled Kitchen) Liewe Heksie en die Koekoekie (Liewe Heksie and the Cuckoo-clock) Liewe Heksie en die Tent (Liewe Heksie and the Tent) Hoe Mattewis by Heksie kom Woon het (How Mattewis came to live with Heksie) Liewe Heksie en die Alpeviooltjies (Liewe Heksie and the Cyclamens) Liewe Heksie en die Forelle (Liewe Heksie and the Trout) Hoe Liewe Heksie Koning Rosekrans gesond gemaak het (How Liewe Heksie helped the King get better) Liewe Heksie en die Helikopter (Liewe Heksie and the Helicopter) Liewe Heksie op die Maan (Liewe Heksie on the Moon) Liewe Heksie en die Sangeres (Liewe Heksie and the Singer) Liewe Heksie die Babawagter (Liewe Heksie the Babysitter) Liewe Heksie en die Diewe (Liewe Heksie and the Thieves) Mattewis op die Windpomp (Mattewis on the Windmill) Liewe Heksie in Gifappeltjieland Liewe Heksie en die Klompe (Liewe Heksie and the Clogs) Liewe Heksie en die Donkie (Liewe Heksie and the Donkey) Liewe Heksie en die Sirkus (Liewe Heksie and the Circus) Liewe Heksie gaan Skool toe (Liewe Heksie goes to School) Liewe Heksie en die Motor (Liewe Heksie and the Car) Liewe Heksie en die Klip met Voete (Liewe Heksie and the Rock with Feet) Liewe Heksie kry 'n Verjaarsdag (Liewe Heksie has a Birthday) Liewe Heksie en die Slee (Liewe Heksie and the Sleigh) Liewe Heksie en die Toorwoorde (Liewe Heksie and the Magic Words) Inbrekers in Blommeland (Burglars in Blommeland) Liewe Heksie hou Partytjie (Liewe Heksie throws a Party) Series 2 Liewe Heksie en die Orkes (Liewe Heksie and the Orchestra) Liewe Heksie en die Beer (Liewe Heksie and the Bear) Liewe Heksie en die Pampoene (Liewe Heksie and the Pumpkins) Liewe Heksie end die Dolfyn (Liewe Heksie and the Dolphin) Liewe Heksie die Aktrise (Liewe Heksie the Actress) Liewe Heksie en die Verrassing (Liewe Heksie and the Surprise) Liewe Heksie Leer Bestuur (Liewe Heksie Learns to Drive) Liewe Heksie op die Strand (Liewe Heksie on the Beach) Piekniek in Blommeland (Picnic in Blommeland) Liewe Heksie en die Krisis (Liewe Heksie and the Crisis) Liewe Heksie in die Sop (Liewe Heksie in Trouble) Liewe Heksie maak 'n Plan (Liewe Heksie makes a Plan) Liewe Heksie se Strykdag (Liewe Heksie's Ironing Day) Liewe Heksie vertel 'n Storie (Liewe Heksie tells a Story) Liewe Heksie en die Voëlnes (Liewe Heksie and the Bird's Nest) Liewe Heksie en die Bal (Liewe Heksie and the Ball) Liewe Heksie hou Wag (Liewe Heksie keeps Watch) Liewe Heksie hou Modeparade (Liewe Heksie has a Fashion Show) Liewe Heksie speel Wegkruipertjie (Liewe Heksie plays Hide-and-seek) Liewe Heksie en die Vis Met Voete (Liewe Heksie and the Fish with Feet) Liewe Heksie en die Balonne (Liewe Heksie and the Balloons) Die Voëlverskrikker (The Scarecrow) Die Wekker (The Alarm-clock) Liewe Heksie en die Sterretjieskombuis (Liewe Heksie and the Star-filled Kitchen) Liewe Heksie en die Geel Motor (Liewe Heksie and the Yellow Car) Liewe Heksie die Heldin (Liewe Heksie the Heroine) Published books The first two books were illustrated by Dorothy Hill, the third by Nikki Jones and the last two by Piet Grobler. Die Groot Liewe Heksie-storieboek, 1983 (The Big Liewe Heksie Storybook) Lekker Liewe Heksie Stories, 1983 (Nice Liewe Heksie Stories) Liewe Heksie en die Rugbywedstryd, 1988 (Liewe Heksie and the Rugby Tournament) Liewe Heksie en die Rekenaar, 1999 (Liewe Heksie and the Computer) Die Liewe Heksie Omnibus, 2002 (The Liewe Heksie Omnibus) References South African children's television series South African television shows featuring puppetry

The Wests Tigers are an Australian professional rugby league football team, based in the Inner West and South West Sydney. They have competed in the National Rugby League (NRL) since being formed at the end of the 1999 NRL season as a joint-venture club between the Balmain Tigers and the Western Suburbs Magpies. The Wests Tigers started playing in the 2000 NRL season and they won their maiden premiership in 2005. It is one of only two clubs (the other being the Newcastle Knights) that has never lost a Grand Final in which it has participated. The club also won the final edition of the World Sevens in 2004. The club has only qualified for three finals series since their inception (2005, 2010 and 2011). The Wests Tigers play home games at two grounds: Leichhardt Oval (the home ground of Balmain) and Campbelltown Stadium (the home ground of Western Suburbs). They are currently coached by Benji Marshall. The club CEO is Justin Pascoe. History Background In Australia, the game of rugby league began in 1908; the New South Wales Rugby League premiership (NSWRL) had nine teams from the Sydney area. Two of those teams were clubs based in Balmain and the Western Suburbs who happened to meet each other in round 1 of 1908. Balmain won, 24 to 0. The Balmain club, who later adopted a Tiger as their emblem, in their tenure in the NSWRL won eleven premierships in twenty grand finals and was one of the forces in the NSWRL competition. However their last premiership success was in 1969 and in the 1990s with many new clubs being established, there was pressure on clubs to perform to survive in the first grade competition in Australia. The name Wests Tigers is derived from the nickname of the Western Suburbs Magpies and the mascot, a tiger, which was also the mascot of Balmain. The Western Suburbs club won four premierships in twelve grand finals over the tenure of the NSWRL competition. The Western Suburbs Magpies, like the Balmain Tigers, had a dismal 1990s winning rate, and again there was pressure on the foundation clubs to perform. The NSWRL competition was replaced by the Australian Rugby League competition (ARL) in 1995 due to the expansion of rugby league within Australia. With a media-driven rival competition being set up, the pressure was for clubs to survive and preserve their short-term future. Both the Magpies and the Tigers signed with the ARL, whereas eight clubs of the 1995 ARL competition signed with the rival Super League competition for 1997. In 1998, the ARL and Super League were unified into a National Rugby League (NRL) competition. As part of the deal with the ARL and Super League, the NRL competition reduced to fourteen teams in 2000 from the twenty two that had competition in both competitions in 1997. With the addition of a team in 1998, this meant that nine teams would be forced out before the 2000 season. Foundation With the NRL offering guaranteed entrance into the 2000 competition and A$6 million funding for clubs that merged, many clubs that were struggling to compete negotiated to merge. Balmain had garnered interest to merge with the Parramatta Eels and Gold Coast Chargers while Western Suburbs had talked with the Canterbury-Bankstown Bulldogs and Penrith Panthers. Both Balmain and Western Suburbs felt that those offers were seen more as takeovers of their clubs rather than mergers. By June 1999, both clubs' boards had unanimously voted to form a joint-venture partnership with each other to make a competitive entity. One hundred shares were issued to Balmain Tigers Rugby League Football Club and 100 shares were issued to Western Suburbs Rugby League Football Group Pty Limited as a 50/50-owned joint venture. Due to Western Suburbs's record-breaking dismal season in 1999, they supplied just six of the twenty-five players to the new joint venture. A board of directors was appointed with five sourced from Balmain, five sourced from Western Suburbs, with a rotating chairman serving a one-year appointment. The inaugural chairman of the joint venture was John Chalk, who was previously involved with Balmain Tigers, and Steve Noyce was appointed CEO. Playing seasons Coach Wayne Pearce 2000 Balmain coach Wayne Pearce was the initial coach of the Wests Tigers and new recruit Jarrod McCracken was named captain. Before the first round, the Tigers were denied a place in the double header at Stadium Australia. The debut match for the team was therefore held at Campbelltown, against eventual premiers the Brisbane Broncos, where after leading 18–6 the team snatched a 24-all draw after falling behind late in the game. John Skandalis scored the Tigers' first ever try. The Tigers surprised many by maintaining a high place on the ladder for most of the year (often in second place). Losses to the Penrith Panthers (after leading 31–8) and in the snow against the Canberra Raiders combined with injuries to key players saw the Tigers slide out of the top eight. The loss of captain Jarrod McCracken from a spear tackle against Melbourne was a crucial blow. A highlight of their first season is that Wests' Joel Caine claimed the 2000 NRL season's top point-scorer spot. Coach Terry Lamb 2001–2002 2001 was a tough season for the joint venture club, including off-field incidents. After Wayne Pearce announced he would no longer coach the team, Terry Lamb was appointed to the position. This was a controversial selection because of animosity from Balmain supporters due to an incident involving Ellery Hanley in the 1988 Grand Final (see Terry Lamb entry for more information). Early in the season, key players Craig Field and Kevin McGuinness tested positive to prohibited drugs and both received a one-year suspension. Field was the team's halfback and playmaker while McGuinness was a leading try scorer for the club. Later in the season another big name player was suspended: John Hopoate earned worldwide notoriety when he was charged with inserting his finger into the anus (pushing the players' shorts) of opposition players. Hopoate quit the club and received a long suspension. Lamb was criticised for seeming to condone the activity. During the season the club announced Terry Lamb would not have his contract renewed. The team struggled near the foot of the ladder and only a large victory over Souths moved them clear of the wooden spoon position. The coaching job for 2003 was offered to (and rejected by) both Craig Bellamy and Ian Millward before Tim Sheens was selected. The selection was by no means seen as a positive move by the media as Sheens' most recent coaching stint had seen him sacked by the North Queensland Cowboys. Coach Tim Sheens 2003–2012 The 2003 season was notable for the emergence of new young players through the team as the club moved away from the era of big names and big money signings and focused on developing junior talent. Most notably Benji Marshall, then a schoolboy prodigy with no senior league experience, made his debut against the Newcastle Knights. The Tigers improved greatly in 2004 with provided help by signings of players such as Brett Hodgson and Pat Richards who began to blend well with the younger players emerging as talents. The Tigers narrowly missed the playoffs after losing their final three games when a single victory would have guaranteed finals football for the first time. Premiership success 2005 was arguably the Wests Tigers' best season as of their foundation, as they not only made it to the finals for the first time, but also reached the top four in the round robin part of the competition, setting crowd attendance records at three different grounds: Campbelltown Stadium (20,527), Telstra Stadium (29,542) and Leichhardt Oval (22,877). After a slow start, bookmakers rated the Tigers a 150–1 chance to win the premiership. However the club emerged from the bottom half of the table to win a club-record eight in a row before finishing fourth. The team developed a reputation as a flamboyant attacking team who played at a rapid pace to compensate a lack of forward size. The Tigers played their first ever final as a joint venture club at Telstra Stadium against North Queensland Cowboys. Backed by a passionate crowd the team won 50–6. They then beat the Brisbane Broncos 34–6 and premiership favourites St. George Illawarra Dragons 20–12 to book a spot against North Queensland. Based on their winning form (they had won 11 of their last 13) and their big win over the Cowboys in the opening finals game, the Wests Tigers were rated favourites to win the 2005 grand final. After a slow start, Bryce Gibbs and Pat Richards scored tries to give the Tigers a 12–6 lead. The Richards try was ranked the second best try of all time in the NRL's Centenary of Rugby League 100 Hot Tries survey. The try was started by five-eighth Benji Marshall, who received the ball from Brett Hodgson (after receiving a down field kick) 98 metres from the opposition tryline. He beat Cowboys five-eighth Johnathan Thurston and Matt Sing. Marshall then ran 60 metres, only to be caught by Cowboys fullback Matt Bowen. He made a flick pass to Pat Richards behind his back, who then fended off Rod Jensen to score. In the second half the Tigers gained control with tries to Anthony Laffranchi and Daniel Fitzhenry. After withstanding a Cowboys fightback, a Todd Payten try on full-time sealed a 30–16 win. Captain Scott Prince was awarded the Clive Churchill Medal for 2005. The premiership victory meant that the club joined an exclusive group that won premierships in their first finals appearance, which had not been achieved in almost 100 years. The group also includes Souths in 1908 and Newtown in 1910. At the end of the 2005 season, Wests also signed Malaysian car manufacturer Proton as its major new sponsor on a contract estimated to be worth more than $1 million. Post grand final failure Following the premiership win several key players left the club. From the grand final team, Mark O'Neill, and Pat Richards signed with English clubs (Leeds Rhinos and Wigan Warriors respectively). New signings included Jamaal Lolesi (Bulldogs), Keith Galloway (Cronulla Sharks) and Ryan O'Hara (Canberra Raiders). As defending premiers, the Wests Tigers began the season by travelling to England to play English Super League champions the Bradford Bulls. Missing many of their star players, the Tigers tried hard but were eventually beaten 10–30. After a come from behind win over competition heavyweights St George-Illawarra, the team struggled with injuries to key players. Most notably Benji Marshall and Brett Hodgson missed large portions of the season. The team suffered a number of narrow losses late in games and also two golden point (extra time) matches in controversial circumstances. The Wests Tigers narrowly missed the finals and the chance to defend their title. One highlight of the season was the debut of several players including Chris Lawrence and the emergence of up and coming players such as Dean Collis. Brett Hodgson played for the New South Wales team in the interstate State of Origin series in all three games. Another highlight was an upset win over eventual premiers the Brisbane Broncos at Suncorp Stadium where a second-string Tigers team missing Hodgson, Marshall, Whatuira and Gibbs beat the more experienced Broncos 20–6. Joining the club for the 2007 season was John Morris (ex Parramatta Eels) to replace Scott Prince who signed with the Gold Coast Titans. Other players to leave at the end of the 2006 season were John Skandalis, Anthony Laffranchi and Shane Elford – all members of the 2005 grand final team. The Wests Tigers had a bad start to the season losing their opening four games by narrow margins. They then had a six-game winning streak to move into the top four. The Tigers' five-eighth Benji Marshall and full-back Brett Hodgson missed the majority of the season with injuries. The Wests Tigers ended their attempt at a finals berth and finished the season on a loss to the Newcastle Knights, 26–24, at the then-Telstra Stadium. The following two seasons ended in the same fashion with the Tigers missing out on the finals narrowly in 2008 and 2009 finishing 10th and 9th. In February 2008, the Wests Tigers announced the extension of Benji Marshall's contract by one year, to the end of 2009. They also announced the signing of Gareth Ellis, the Leeds Rhinos second-rower and international representative, to a three-year deal commencing in 2009. On an administrative level, in April 2008, CEO Steve Noyce announced he was standing down from his role and was eventually replaced by Scott Longmuir at the end of the 2008 season. Continued off field troubles Following the appointment of Scott Longmuir as CEO, there were rumours that Scott and then coach Sheens did not see eye to eye. Longmuir was aligned with then chair of the board Kevin Hammond (from the Wests side of the JV) in wanting Sheens to focus on the football, and for the office of the CEO to run the club as a business. At the time the financial backing from the three leagues clubs was very minimal, and Longmuir attempted to modernise the management of the club. However, with a majority of the board backing Sheens, Longmuir was eventually removed from his role in April 2009. On 14 April 2009, Tim Camiler (CEO Balmain Leagues Club) and Andy Timbs (General Manager Wests Ashfield Leagues Club) were appointed temporary joint CEO's of the football club In June 2009, Stephen Humphreys was announced as the new CEO, beginning his role in July. Humphreys was a lifelong Balmain Tigers fan, with the appointment brokered by ex-Balmain player, Benny Elias. His first major decision was to ensure continuity on the pitch, maintaining Tim Sheens as Head Coach of the football club. Return to finals football In February 2010, the Wests Tigers announced the signing of former Rugby Union star Lote Tuqiri for three years, and the signing of Benji Marshall for a further five. In 2010 the club finished third in the minor premiership competition, narrowly missing out on a grand final spot after losing to eventual premiers St. George Illawarra Dragons in the preliminary final by one point. At the end of 2010, it was announced that Meriton had signed a 2-year agreement to become major shirt and club sponsor for the 2011 and 2012 season. This placed the large M logo on the Wests Tigers redesigned shirts for 2 years 2011 was another successful season with the Tigers finishing 4th and making the semi-finals yet again, where they were defeated by a late try to the New Zealand Warriors in a loss. Form slump Despite being backed as premiership favourites at the start of the season, the Tigers failed to qualify for the finals in the 2012 season finishing 10th. On 25 September 2012, in a press conference CEO Stephen Humphreys and Chairman Dave Trodden announced that Tim Sheens would not be the head coach in 2013 in a restructuring of the club. This came a week after the loss of long-term players Beau Ryan and Chris Heighington to the Cronulla Sharks for the 2013 season, and a poor 2012 season on the field. Heighington had one year on his contract left while a handshake deal with Ryan had been made back in February. Coach Mick Potter 2013–2014 At the end of the 2012 season, Mick Potter was given the head coaching job on a two-year deal to help rebuild the club. Success was far from achieved with the Tigers missing out on the finals in the 2013 and 2014 seasons finishing 15th and 13th respectively. In further upheaval at the club, CEO Stephen Humphreys stepped down from his role in May 2013, with continued boardroom issues cited as a major factor. In June 2013 Wests Campbelltown sold their shares in the joint venture to Wests Ashfield Leagues, and pulled out of the joint venture. This sale left Balmain Leagues Club and Wests Ashfield Leagues club with 100 shares each in the joint venture On 26 July, the club announced Grant Meyer had been appointed as CEO During this period Benji Marshall announced his decision to leave the club at the end of 2013, and signed a deal to play rugby union in New Zealand The 2014 season was another poor season for the Wests Tigers and there was growing unrest from the club and fans about the results under Mick Potter. Subsequently, following a mid year and end review by Meyer, Mick Potter did not have his coaching contract renewed, with the club issuing a press release confirming his release in September 2014. Potter finished his tenure at the club with a record of 17 wins and 31 losses. Off field restructure – 2014 In September 2014, with the ongoing financial troubles at Balmain Leagues Club (who by this stage had defaulted on payments to the Wests Tigers) a new shareholder agreement was put into place with the supervision of the NRL. A new seven-person board was nominated with two from Balmain Tigers, two from Wests Leagues and three independents. A new NRL deed was issued along with a new Wests Tigers constitution being drawn up. Mike Bailey continued as chairman of the board of Wests Tigers. The proposed 7-person board was never ratified, and a reduced board of five was approved by the NRL. As at 5 September 2014, Wests Tigers Board of Directors consisted of the following: Marina Go – Chairperson (Independent NRL Appointment),Tony Andreacchio - (Wests Ashfield Leagues Board Member), Simon Cook - (Wests Ashfield Leagues CEO), Lucio Bartololeo - (Independent NRL Appointment), Rosemary Sinclair - (Independent NRL Appointment) Balmain Leagues Club had no appointed directors due to the club moving into funding default, and were termed "unfinancial shareholders". Balmain were in debt to the NRL to a sum of nearly AU$5 million, which was due to be repaid on 16 March 2016. At the time, it was announced that should Balmain Leagues Club fail to repay the loan, the shares would be considered "in default" and would be placed for sale. The agreement was made that Wests Ashfield Leagues Club would be offered first call to buy all the shares, pay off the NRL debts and become sole owner. If Wests Ashfield declined, the shares could be offered for general sale. One of the first tasks for the board was to appoint a new club coach. The club moved to appoint Jason Taylor (who had played for Western Suburbs between 1990 and 1993) on 29 September 2014 for the oncoming 2015 season, following guidance of CEO Meyer, and supported by Chair Go. Phil Moss also joined the club as General Manager of Football Operations at the same time. Coach Jason Taylor 2015–2017 Jason Taylor began the new season with Robbie Farah as captain. The first game of the season started off vs the Gold Coast Titans. A far from convincing performance gave the Tigers a one-point field goal victory coming from the boot of Pat Richards. The season ended with Wests Tigers 15th on the ladder sharing 20 points with the Knights, with Tigers goal difference preventing the wooden spoon. Off the pitch politics continued through the year with ownership issues still dominating headlines for the football club, with the NRL maintaining its financial interest in the club given the poor state of affairs at Balmain Leagues Club. Adding to the troubles at the club, CEO Grant Meyer tendered his resignation on 15 June 2015 The club also made headlines with rumours and stories that the club coach and captain were in difference of opinion about how the team should be playing. In August 2015 the club made a statement on their website announcing that Farah had been given permission to speak with other football clubs for the 2016 season. The new club CEO was announced on 4 September 2015 with Justin Pascoe, previously at Penrith Panthers, appointed to the role. September 2015 also saw the announcement of a three-year sponsorship agreement with Brydens Lawyers. The three-year multimillion-dollar deal was the largest in the club's history and saw Brydens logo on the front and sleeve of the Wests Tigers jerseys. The 2016 season started off with Aaron Woods replacing Robbie Farah as club captain, and the club made a promising start to the season with home wins against New Zealand Warriors and Manly Sea Eagles. A string of losses including a 60 points to 6 loss against the Canberra Raiders left the club struggling at the lower end of the table. Off field, the drama surrounding Robbie Farah continued with speculation that he would leave the club by the end of the season. After a string of mixed results, including two wins against rivals South Sydney, but a poor loss to Newcastle left Wests Tigers 9th on the ladder, a point away from the top 8 at the end of the full season. The end of the season also saw the Robbie Farah saga concluded, with Farah penning a two-year deal with South Sydney Rabbitohs. Robbie left the club having played 247 games and scoring 61 tries. Early in the 2017 season, after a pair of heavy defeats to the Penrith Panthers and Canberra Raiders, Taylor was dismissed from his position as head coach. Assistant Coach Andrew Webster was appointed as caretaker manager whilst the CEO and Board recruited a new full-time replacement. Off field restructure and new ownership – 2016 2016 also had its watershed moment with the ownership of the football club finally resolved. On 5 May 2016 the club released a statement announcing the restructure of the football club In an $8.5 million deal, Wests Ashfield Leagues Club assumed majority ownership of the football franchise. As the press statement read "The ownership structure sees Wests move to 75% ownership with Balmain retaining 25% and the Board expanded to nine directors". Wests Ashfield Leagues Club (and by relationship Wests Magpies) has settled all debts owed to the NRL by the Wests Tigers Football club. Balmain Tigers Leagues Club in a separate financial agreement had an outstanding loan and debt to NRL. Wests Ashfield Leagues Club were guarantors of that loan. Note that the loan was not secured against the Wests Tigers Football Club. The new board had five members appointed from Wests Ashfield, two from Balmain along with two independents. Coach Ivan Cleary 2017–2018 After a week of rumours in the press on 3 April 2017, it was announced that Ivan Cleary had accepted the role of coach through to the end of the 2020 season with immediate effect, at a press conference held at Wests Ashfield Leagues Club. During a press conference with Coach Cleary late on in April, a single near throwaway comment was made by Ivan about how he approached his first meeting with the players. He said to the press "I told the players you are either on the bus, or you are off it". This one line became a marketing slogan used through his tenure as coach and the "On The Bus" slogan became used by fans and media alike. 2017 turned out to be a poor one for Wests Tigers on the field with The NRL team finishing in 14th spot, The Under 20s Holden Cup team finishing 2nd to last and The NSW Cup team finishing with the wooden spoon. In the 2018 NRL season, Wests started off the year with impressive wins over the Sydney Roosters and Melbourne before a mid season slump saw the club only winning 3 out of 10 games between Round 10 and Round 20. Wests would end up finishing in 9th position on the table missing the finals. Their final game of the year was a 51–10 loss against the South Sydney Rabbitohs. Towards the end of the season, rumours and news swirled around the press and media about Ivan Cleary leaving the Wests Tigers to return to Penrith Panthers. On 28 October 2018, Wests released coach Ivan Cleary from the final two years of his contract. Cleary also sent a departing text message to the tigers playing group saying "G'day boys I hope this finds you well and enjoying your time off, I was writing to you in the hope of beating the press.. to let you know that I will no longer be your coach at Wests Tigers. This is an extremely uncomfortable situation for me as I have genuine fondness for the club, and I have loved coaching you all.. I understand that this situation has caused some pain for people that I care about, along with putting the club in an awkward situation... I do not feel good about this. I would have preferred to do this in person but time and circumstances have made that impossible. I hope we meet again soon and I wish you all the very best in the future. You have my number and I am always open for a chat if you wish. Iv". Coach Michael Maguire 2019-2022 With the signs that Cleary was leaving the club, a search was underway for his replacement. The same day the club announced Cleary's departure Michael Maguire was announced as coach through to the end of 2021. One of Michael Maguires early decisions at the club following the Christmas break was to remove the "co-captain" arrangement and appoint Moses MBye as the club's sole and only captain. Under the guidance of Maguire, Wests Tigers football club has changed the team's slogan. "On the Bus" was replaced with "This is Our Jungle" for the 2019 season. Salary cap breaches On 19 December 2018 the NRL Integrity Unit under the guidance of the NRL CEO Todd Greenburg announced the Wests Tigers had been found to have fraudulently and intentionally breached the NRL Salary Cap. Greenburg announced that when playmaker Robbie Farah was released to the South Sydney Rabbitohs in 2016, CEO Justin Pascoe had offered to employ Farah back at the club on his retirement from football in return for Robbie agreeing to leave without incident. Despite Farah never accepting this position, and despite this story being broadcast in the media at the time, the NRL Integrity Unit decided that this offer was a sufficient incentive for Robbie to leave, it should have been formally lodged with the NRL. This was constituted a serious breach of the salary cap. The football club was fined $750,000, include the alleged salary offered to Robbie of $639,000 to the 2019 salary cap and CEO Pascoe was advised it was the intention of the NRL to de-register the experienced sports administrator from ever managing a club in the NRL. The football club appealed this decision, and on 1 March 2019 the NRL backtracked on the position from December 2018 and halved the fine to $350,000, allowed the club to split the $639,000 of the cap breach over seasons 2019 and 2020 and CEO Justin Pascoe would be stood down for 6 months only (backdated to the original date of 19 December 2018). In the interim, Wests Ashfield CEO, Simon Cook, assumed the role of interim CEO at the football club, and temporarily stood down from his position on the football club board. Head of Football Kelly Egan left the club prior to Pascoe's return as did chairman Marino Go and Chief Operating Officer Ryan Webb. Justin Pascoe was re-instated back to his role as CEO on 26 June 2019 Change of chair of the board On 12 March 2019 the club announced to the media and press that former NSW State Premier Barry O'Farrell had been appointed as chair of the Board of Directors, replacing Marina Go, who had come to the end of her tenure. Season 2019 The 2019 NRL season began with the knowledge that the club would take occupancy in the newly constructed Western Sydney Stadium in Parramatta. Four home games were allocated to this exciting new venue. The opening game of the season was played in wet conditions at Leichhardt Oval in front of 13,000 fans, with the team victors 20–6 against a poor Manly Sea Eagles team. A second round win against the free running New Zealand Warriors a week later in front of nearly 10,000 fans in Campbelltown again in wet conditions was a good start to the season. In round 6 against the Parramatta Eels, Wests played in the first NRL game at the new Western Sydney Stadium which ended in the club losing 51–6. Wests Tigers took another "home" game on the road in 2019, with a match hosted in Scully Park in Tamworth. Nearly 10,000 fans turned out to watch Wests run out 30–14 victors over lower placed Gold Coast Titans. The first home game of the season at the newly named BankWest stadium was held on Friday 7 June against the Canberra Raiders. The 0–28 result in front of 12,000 supporters lent some fans to make the comment "This is not our jungle". Wests Tigers playmaker, Benji Marshall, played his 300th game in the NRL on 14 July at BankWest stadium in front of more than 25,000 fans. Wests lost the game 30–18 against the Parramatta Eels. In round 25 against Cronulla-Sutherland, Wests went into the game knowing that whoever won the match would be guaranteed a finals spot as both teams came into the last game of the year on equal points. Wests would end up losing the match 25–8 at a packed Leichhardt Oval which was also retiring Robbie Farah's final game. The loss also meant that this was the sixth time that Wests had finished ninth since the joint venture started in 2000. Change of chair of the board On 13 November 2019 the club announced Lee Hagipantelis had been appointed chair of the Board of the football club. Whilst Mr O'Farrell had only been with the club for a short while, he resigned his post to take up the position of Ambassador to India for Australia. Lee Hagipantelis is the Principal of Wests Tigers shirt sponsor, Brydens Lawyers. Season 2020 The new season was kicked off with an away game against St. George Illawarra at WIN Stadium in Wollongong. Wests Tigers ran out 24-14 victors against the Red V. The season was interrupted with the global pandemic COVID-19 following the opening round, with all games being placed on hiatus. When the shortened NRL season recommenced, all games were played initially behind closed doors. Wests played six matches with no fans able to visit the stadia to watch the games. Fans were re-admitted in limited numbers in round 8 with Wests Tigers losing to Penrith in front of 5000 fans at Bankwest Stadium. 2020 wasn't a great year for the club on the pitch, eventually fading away to 11th position, with only seven wins and thirteen losses. The club also set a new unwanted record being the first side since the competition began in 1908 to concede 24 points or more in a game for ten consecutive matches. On 18 August Chris Lawrence announced he would be retiring from the Wests Tigers and from Rugby League as a player. Lawrence retired having played 253 games for the club, and having scored 84 tries On 1 September the club announced that Benji Marshall would not be playing on into 2021. This announcement was seen by many fans as deplorable and a petition soon garnered almost 10,000 signatures by fans, with Benji later claiming that he heard about this news via the press, not from the club. Marshall left the club having played 257 games over two stints at the club scoring 84 tries. Player swap 2020 The 2020 NRL season at Wests Tigers was also memorable for the first of its kind "player swap". Melbourne hooker Harry Grant and Wests Tigers centre, Paul Momirovski swapped club's for the 2020 season. The deal, brokered by Melbourne coach Craig Bellamy and Wests coach Michael Maguire, was the first of its kind within the NRL modern era game. The two players swapped playing clubs for the remainder of the 2020 NRL season. Share ownership update On 2 October 2020 the Amalgamation of Wests Ashfield Leagues Club and Balmain Tigers Leagues Club was cemented. As per the Deed of Amalgamation, this changed the ownership structure of the club to effectively be 90% Wests Ashfield, 10% Balmain Tigers. Season 2021 The 2021 NRL season opened with fresh hope for Wests Tigers fans. With a number of new signings at the club including Jimmy "The Jet" Roberts, and Daine Laurie in as fullback, the club moved Adam Doueihi to Number 6 to partner Luke Brooks in the halves, with Jacob Liddle coming in as hooker. The first five rounds however were not a great success, with the club picking up only two points with a win over Newcastle. In round 4 of the 2021 NRL season against Parramattta at Stadium Australia, the match recorded the highest attendance at a Rugby League game so far in 2021 with an official attendance of 29,056. In round 5 of the competition, there was a lot of emotion at Leichhardt Oval, with the club paying tribute following the death of Western Suburbs legend, Tommy Raudonikis. The #7 jersey was retired for the game in memoriam, with Luke Brooks running out in #22. The game itself was more known for the team being booed off by fans at half time, trailing the un-fancied North Queensland Cowboys 28–6. The game ended up 34–30 to North Queensland with Wests Tigers rallying in the second half. April 2021 also saw a minor change to the Board of Directors of the football club, with Mick Liubinskas being replaced by Julie Romero. Like Mick, Julie was a nominee by Wests Ashfield Leagues Club, a director of that leagues club and a Wests Ashfield Debenture holder. In round 9 of the 2021 NRL season, the club played at Campbelltown Sports Ground and they wore specially designed jerseys as part of a celebration into the life of Tommy Raudonikis OAM. The match ball was delivered onto the pitch by Tommy's partner, Trish. Wests Tigers lost the game against the Gold Coast 36–28. In June 2021, it was announced that Premiership winning coach, Tim Sheens, would be returning to the club in the capacity of Head of Football Performance focussing on pathways, development and talent identification. The Wests Tigers finished the 2021 NRL season in 13th place after an awful season which saw them only win three times in the last eleven games. In the final round of the season, Wests were defeated 38-0 by Wooden Spooners Canterbury-Bankstown. After this point, there were talks that head coach Michael Maguire was to be terminated from his position but on 21 September it was announced he would be kept on as head coach for the 2022 season. On the 15th October 2021, the club announced that General Manager of Football, Adam Hartigan, had left the club. Season 2022 The 2022 NRL season began with key playmakers Adam Doueihi and Daine Laurie sidelined through injury, but with new signing Jackson Hastings moving into the number 7 position, with Luke Brooks shifting to 6. After 12 rounds heading into the bye round for the State of Origin series, Wests Tigers had only achieved three wins for the season so far. After much rumour in the press, on 7 June 2022 the football club announced the termination of head coach, Michael Maguire. Brett Kimmorley was then handed the role as interim head coach until the end of the season whilst the football club searched for a full time replacement. In round 23, the club was defeated 72-6 by the Sydney Roosters which made the loss the heaviest in the Wests Tigers history. In round 24, Wests Tigers lost 24-22 against St. George Illawarra, the result meant that the club would finish bottom of the table and claim their first Wooden Spoon in club history. The Wests Tigers lost their last game of the season 56-10 at Leichhardt Oval against the Canberra Raiders. The score was 42-0 at halftime. Coach Tim Sheens 2023 Before the end of season 2022, the club announced that ex-head coach Tim Sheens was returning to the role of Head Coach of the beleaguered club. This was to be Tim Sheens second stint as head coach of the football club. It was announced he would start his new role at the commencment of the 2023 preseason,. Coaching Appointments The club was announced that Benji Marshall and Robbie Farah would be appointed to the coaching team for the following two seasons (2023 and 2024) and for Benji Marshall to take the reigns of the club for season 2025 as head coach in his own right, with Tim Sheens to move back to his role as director of football. Season 2023 The club started the 2023 NRL season as they did the year previously losing their opening five matches. They became the first club since Newtown in 1968 and 1969 to lose their first five matches in two consecutive seasons. On 4 April 2023, the club came under criticism from fans and the media after they released a commemorative ANZAC jersey with a stock image of American soldiers on the front and back. The club then released a statement which read “As a club Wests Tigers is deeply sorry if the use of this image has in any way offended anyone, This was never our intention, and we are taking steps to rectify this". In round 9, the Wests Tigers won their first match in 273 days as they upset back to back premiers Penrith 12-8. Round 12 saw the Wests Tigers biggest win of the season, and signs of a recovery of the club, with a score of 66-18 vs North Queensland Cowboys, with a 100% conversion of all 11 tries. The week following this match, the club announced that Joe Ofahengaue was leaving the club in a mid-season move to the Parramatta Eels. In round 18, the club suffered the third biggest loss in Australian rugby league history losing 74-0 against North Queensland. It was also the biggest loss by any team of the NRL era. It came after just two months prior where the Wests Tigers defeated North Queensland 66-18. On 16 August 2023, the Wests Tigers released a statement detailing how Tim Sheens had requested to stand down as head coach at the end of the season, with Benji Marshall to take over head coaching duties from 2024 rather than 2025 as originally planned. Wests Tigers chairman Lee Hagipantelis claimed in an interview with Fox Sports that the decision to fast-track Marshall to the head coaching role had been considered for some time due to him exceeding expectations in his role as Sheens' assistant coach. During a game at Commbank Stadium, unhappy fans started to show their anger with the management of the club by unfurling a banner at the home game vs the Dolphins aimed at the CEO Justin Pascoe. Further banners were unfurled by fans at the away game vs Manly Sea Eagle as Brookvale Oval. In round 26 of the 2023 NRL season, Wests Tigers finished with the Wooden Spoon for a second consecutive season after they lost 32-8 against the Sydney Roosters. Wests Tigers needed to win their remaining two matches to avoid finishing in last place. The Wests Tigers Jersey Flegg Cup team also finished with the Wooden Spoon in their respective competition which capped off a bad year for the club. Independent Review On the 15th September 2023 the club announced a fully independent review of the football club. The review will be conducted by former NRL chief financial officer Tony Crawford and managing director of Cooperage Capital Pty Ltd Gary Barnier. The club confirmed no timeline had been set for the completion of the review. Whilst the review had only started a few days earlier, it was publicised that Lee Hagipantellis had been re-appointed as an independent board member and chair of the board for a further three years On 28 September 2023 it was announced via ASIC legal requirements that James Myatt had resigned from the board of directors of the football club. Only weeks after confirming Lee Hagipantellis was to remain as chair of the board, news broke that the director Tony Andreacchio had called Lee to request he stand down and resign as chair of the board. Coach Benji Marshall 2024- Benji Marshall will start his full time head coach role at the commencement of pre-season training for season 2024 Ownership, board and corporate governance Wests Tigers are a joint venture, which was formed between Wests Magpies and Balmain Tigers football clubs. Western Suburbs Leagues Club Ltd With an operating club known as Wests Ashfield Leagues Club, the club building is located on Liverpool Road, Ashfield. The club is the primary financial donor to the Wests Tigers rugby league franchise outside of the revenue provided by the NRL. From 2014 was the only Leagues Club which directly subsidized the Wests Tigers Rugby League franchise. Balmain Tigers Rugby League Football Club Ltd A foundation club of the NSWRFL, Balmain Tigers Rugby League Football Club was established on 23 January 1908 at Balmain Town Hall. The club has competed in the NSWRL competitions for 110 years, winning 11 first grade premierships. Also operating a club known as Balmain Leagues Club, the operating business was built in 1957. The original site was situated on the corner of Victoria Road and Darling Street, Rozelle. The club was the venue for a celebration party after Wests Tigers won the NRL Premiership in 2005. The Leagues Club closed its doors on 28 March 2010, with the former club site now vacant after receiving a notice to vacate the site to make way for the proposed Rozelle Village development to go ahead. Balmain Leagues Club entered voluntary administration on 26 October 2018. In September 2019 members of both Balmain Leagues Club and Wests Ashfield Leagues club voted almost unanimously for an amalgamation to take place. Once ratified by office of Liquor and Gaming, Balmain Leagues Club ceased to exist. Former Clubs Wests Campbelltown Wests Leagues Club is located in Leumeah, next door to Campbelltown Stadium, one of the Wests Tigers home grounds. Wests Campbelltown Leagues was established in 1987 when Wests Ashfield Leagues purchased the former Campbelltown City Kangaroos Club. In 1996, Wests Ashfield Leagues Club and Wests Campbelltown Leagues Club became separate entities. Wests Campbelltown Leagues Club is no longer involved in the Wests Tigers Board of directors The football club allows for up to 9 board members. The consist of the board allows for the following: 3 Independent Directors 1 Nominated by WSDRLFC (aka Wests Magpies) 4 Nominated by WSLC (aka Wests Ashfield Leagues) 1 Nominated by BTRLFC (aka Balmain Tigers) As WSDRLFC is an entity controlled by Wests Ashfield Leagues, by relationship, the Ashfield club has 5 nominated board seats. As at 15 April 2021, the Wests Tigers Board of Directors consisted of the following: Independent Board Members: Panteli "Lee" Hagipantelis (Board Chairperson) Nominated by Wests Magpies: Dennis Burgess (Wests Ashfield Leagues Club Board Director) Nominated by Wests Ashfield Leagues Club: John Dorahy (ex Wests Magpies football player) Tony Andreacchio (Wests Ashfield Leagues Club Board Director) Frederick "Rick" Wayde (Wests Ashfield Leagues Club Board Director) Julie Romero (Wests Ashfield Leagues Club Board Director) Nominated by Balmain Tigers: Danny Stapleton (Balmain Tigers Rugby League Football Club Board Deputy Chair) All board members have a single vote each. The club secretary is Mark Sawicki (Wests Tigers Football Club CFO) Ownership structure As at 8 October 2020: Wests Magpies Pty Ltd (ACN:089 921 166) own 4,000,080 of the Class A shares and 5,000,100 of the class B shares (90% of all shares) Balmain Tigers Rugby League Football Club Ltd (ACN 002 592 949) own 1,000,020 of the Class A shares (10% of all shares) Wests Magpies Pty Ltd is a jointly owned legal entity: 2 shares are held by Western Suburbs Leagues Club Limited (aka Wests Ashfield Leagues Club) 1 share is held by Western Suburbs District Rugby League Football Club Ltd (aka the Wests Magpies) Note 1: WSDRLFC is a controlled entity of Wests Ashfield Leagues Club Stadium/Venue Record The Wests Tigers do not have a single home stadium but play at a number of grounds each year. The recurrent used homes grounds have been Campbelltown Sports Stadium and Leichhardt Oval with each venue hosting five games per season. These grounds are around 50 km apart and are in Magpie and Tiger territories respectively. Other home grounds include Scully Park in Tamworth as the club currently plays 1 home game a year since the 2018 season and one "home" game a year at Suncorp Stadium in Brisbane since 2019 for Magic Round. Previously the club has played home games at the Sydney Football Stadium and Accor Stadium. From 2019 to 2023 Wests Tigers took their home games to the brand new Commbank Stadium. From 2004 until 2006, a "home game" was played at Lancaster Park against the Auckland based New Zealand Warriors. This agreement was not renewed for 2007 and in that year a game was played at Central Coast Stadium in Gosford against Melbourne Storm. In 2008, one home game was played at the Sydney Cricket Ground as part of the Centenary of Rugby League celebrations, and also one game at the Sydney Football Stadium. In 2018, one home game was played at Mount Smart Stadium in Auckland as part of a double header at the venue. Since 2018, a home game has been played at Scully Park in Tamworth. Stadiums used by the Wests Tigers as home grounds: Present: Campbelltown Sports Stadium (2000–): 91 Played; 37 Wins, 53 Losses, 1 Draw Leichhardt Oval (2000–): 93 Played; 51 Wins, 41 Losses, 1 Draw Occasional: Scully Park, Tamworth (2018–): 4 Played; 1 Win, 3 Losses Suncorp Stadium, Brisbane (2019–): 22 Played; 10 Wins, 12 Losses Former: Lancaster Park, Christchurch (2004–2006): 3 Played; 2 Wins, 1 Loss Accor Stadium (2005–2008, 2014–2018): 90 Played; 36 Wins, 54 Losses Sydney Cricket Ground (2008–2020): 9 Played; 3 Wins, 6 Losses Allianz Stadium (2009–2013): 42 Played; 16 Wins, 26 Losses Commbank Stadium (2019–2023): 24 Played; 8 Wins, 16 Losses Emblems and Jerseys The club's name and logo are a combination of the two partners. The uniform colours are a combination of the black and white of the Western Suburbs Magpies uniform and the black and gold from the Balmain Tigers uniform. The original logo combined a modern "in your face" Tiger with a traditional Wests 'V' in the background. There is also a Magpie (taken from the Western Suburbs Logo) on both sleeves of the Jersey. In 2009, to commemorate the 10th anniversary of the joint venture, a predominantly white strip with a gold 'V' was unveiled. Since formation, the Wests Tigers have mostly retained the same logo with subtle changes. In October 2021, Wests Tigers unveiled a simplified logo ahead of the 2022 NRL season, retaining the tiger head of previous emblems with fewer details. The rebranding is intended to make the identity more suitable to modern digital formats, and coincided with the Tigers' move to a new training and administration base. Supporters Some notable supporters of the club include Russell Arnold, Jimmy Barnes, Ash Barty Tim Cahill, Michael Clark, Michael Clarke, Vic Darchinyan, Anthony Field, Dawn Fraser, Daniel Geale, Julie Goodwin, Jimmy Little, Paul Murray, Barry O'Farrell, Dominic Perrottet, Jordan Thompson, and Harry Triguboff Kit sponsors and manufacturers Major Partner Brydens Lawyers Premier Partners PlayUp, Steeden, Allied Express, Victoria Bitter Platinum Partners ISRI Truck Seats, Wests Campbelltown, Ticketek, Sydney Motorway Corporation, WestConnex, MSR Services Australia, Austbrokers Canberra, Lantrak, Utech Gold Partners Wests Ashfield Leagues Club, Chemist Warehouse, Binet Homes, Handy Finance, Liverpool Catholic Club, Income Tax Professionals, Expresso Organica Corporate Partners OAMM, Wakeling Automotive, Ryde Eastwood Leagues Club, MAS Concrete, E Group, DJK Excavations, Bradcorp, Triple M, Elite Travel, iFly Downunder, Mills Civil, Roser Lawyers Player's Club sponsors APN Compounding, Westpoint Formwork, TLH Group, Digital8, Macdonald Education, SISTER2Sister, The Sydney Boulevard Hotel, Sydney West Furniture Repairs, Tumble Town Mobile Play Centre, Ultra Refrigeration, Handy Finance, Club Menangle, Sports Master Athletics International (SMAI), Ken Shafer Auto Body, BSC Body Science, Auto Slide, Blue Tongue Homes, Secom Technology Season statistics * Average home crowd Head-to-head records Finals Appearances 3 (2005, 2010, 2011) 2024 squad 2024 Signings and Losses Players Representative players Statistics and records Robbie Farah holds the record for most appearances for The Wests Tigers with 277. Having played in every game of the 2008, 2009, 2010 & 2011 seasons. The highest point-scorers for the club have been players who have undertaken goalkicking duties for a period. Benji Marshall has scored the most points for the club (1181), followed by Brett Hodgson (786), and Joel Caine (526). In 2005, Hodgson scored a record 308 points during the season, the most points ever scored by a fullback in one season. In the semis of 2005, he also scored 30 points in one match against the North Queensland Cowboys. David Nofoaluma has the most tries for the Wests Tigers, accumulating 100. Taniela Tuiaki scored a club-record 21 tries during the 2009 season. Wests Tigers "Team of the Century" The Wests Tigers Team of the Century was announced in 2004, encompassing the best players from both Balmain and Western Suburbs. Nine Balmain players and eight from Western Suburbs made up the 17 members of the team. Captains There have been 25 captains of the Tigers since their first season in 2000. The current captain is Apisai Koroisau. Coaches There have been 10 coaches of the Tigers since their first season in 2000. The current coach is Tim Sheens. Honours NRL Premiership: 1 2005 Pre-season/Youth Rugby League World Sevens: 1 2004 Foundation Cup: 1 2011 Under-20s Premiership: 1 2012 New South Wales Rugby League Harold Matthews Cup: 1 2022 NSW Women's Premiership: 1 2022 See also National Rugby League Balmain Tigers Western Suburbs Magpies Huddersfield Giants References Sources Middleton, David (Editor); 2008 Official Rugby League Annual; published 2009 for the National Rugby League by News Magazines, 170–180 Bourke Rd, Alexandria NSW, 2015 External links Official website Balmain Tigers Official site Western Suburbs Magpies Official site Rugby clubs established in 2000 National Rugby League clubs Rugby league teams in Sydney Fan-owned football clubs 2000 establishments in Australia

The Iowa Xplosion was a team of the Women's Football Alliance which began play for the 2011 season. Based in Des Moines, Iowa, home games were played in nearby Martensdale at Martensdale St Mary's Football Stadium. The Xplosion folded after the 2011 season. Season-By-Season |- |2011 || 5 || 3 || 0 || 2nd American Midwest || -- |- !Totals || 5 || 3 || 0 |colspan="2"| 2011 Standings Season schedule External links American football teams in Iowa Women's Football Alliance teams Sports in Des Moines, Iowa American football teams established in 2011 American football teams disestablished in 2011 2011 establishments in Iowa 2011 disestablishments in Iowa Warren County, Iowa Women in Iowa

To reinvent the wheel is to attempt to duplicate—most likely with inferior results—a basic method that has already previously been created or optimized by others. The inspiration for this idiomatic metaphor is that the wheel is an ancient archetype of human ingenuity (one so profound that it continues to underlie much of modern technology). As it has already been invented and is not considered to have any inherent flaws, an attempt to reinvent it would add no value to it and be a waste of time, diverting the investigator's resources from possibly more worthy goals. Usage The phrase is sometimes used without derision when a person's activities might be perceived as merely reinventing the wheel when they actually possess additional value. For example, "reinventing the wheel" is an important tool in the instruction of complex ideas. Rather than providing students simply with a list of known facts and techniques and expecting them to incorporate these ideas perfectly and rapidly, the instructor instead will build up the material anew, leaving the student to work out those key steps which embody the reasoning characteristic of the field. "Reinventing the wheel" may be an ironic cliche – it is not clear when the wheel itself was actually invented. The modern "invention" of the wheel might actually be a "re-invention" of an age-old invention. Additionally, many different wheels featuring enhancements on existing wheels (such as the many types of available tires) are regularly developed and marketed. The metaphor emphasizes understanding existing solutions, but not necessarily settling for them. In software development In software development, reinventing the wheel is often necessary in order to work around software licensing incompatibilities or around technical and policy limitations present in parts or modules provided by third parties. An example would be to implement a quicksort for a script written in JavaScript and destined to be embedded in a web page. The quicksort algorithm is well known and readily available from libraries for software developers writing general-purpose applications in C++ or Java, but some JavaScript implementations do not provide this specific algorithm. Hence, if a developer wants to reliably use quicksort on their web page, they must "reinvent the wheel" by reimplementing the algorithm. They could conceivably copy it from another web page, but then they could run into copyright and software licensing issues. Reinventing the wheel in this case provides the missing functionality and also avoids copyright issues. Additionally, those new to a language (and especially those new to programming) will often attempt to manually write many functions for which a more robust and optimized equivalent already exists in the standard library or other easily available libraries. While this can be useful as a learning exercise, when done unknowingly the result is often less readable, less reliable, less tested and less optimized software which takes longer to write, test, maintain, and debug. Related phrases Reinventing the square wheel is the practice of unnecessarily engineering artifacts that provide functionality already provided by existing standard artifacts (reinventing the wheel) and ending up with a worse result than the standard (a square wheel). This is an anti-pattern which occurs when the engineer is unaware or contemptuous of the standard solution or does not understand the problem or the standard solution sufficiently to avoid problems overcome by the standard. It is mostly an affliction of inexperienced engineers, or the second-system effect. Many problems contain subtleties that were resolved long ago in mainstream engineering (such as the importance of a wheel's rim being smooth). Anyone starting from scratch, ignoring the prior art, will naturally face these problems afresh, and to produce a satisfactory result they will have to spend time developing solutions for them (most likely the same solutions that are already well known). However, when reinventing the wheel is undertaken as a subtask of a bigger engineering project, rather than as a project in its own right hoping to produce a better wheel, the engineer often does not anticipate spending much time on it. The result is that an underdeveloped, poorly performing version of the wheel is used, when using a standard wheel would have been quicker and easier, and would have given better results. Preinventing the wheel involves delaying a task if it is expected to be undertaken later. An example would be, "We don't want to preinvent the wheel" when discussing a solution to a problem when it is known that the solution is being developed elsewhere. It is not necessarily pejorative. Redefining the wheel is the practice of coming up with new and often abstruse ways of describing things when the existing way of describing them was perfectly adequate. See also Anti-pattern Best practice Design around: an alternative invention that is created in order to avoid patent infringement Not invented here Patent thicket Standing on the shoulders of giants, an expression referring to the re-use of existing ideas Stovepipe system Tragedy of the anticommons References English-language idioms Software engineering folklore Pejorative terms related to technology

Lago di Campotosto ("Toughfield Lake") is an artificial lake in Abruzzo, Italy. The reservoir is located at an elevation of 1,313 m and comprises an area of 14 square kilometres. It is located in the natural park known as the "Gran Sasso e Monti della Laga National Park". The lake is reachable via the Italian State Highway 80 from either L'Aquila or the Adriatic Coast. Smaller roads lead to Capitignano, Montereale and Amatrice. Description During the Quaternary Period of glacier formation, the Campotosto water basin had the form of a double "Y". Towards the end of this period, the Fucino River bed came into being. The upper portion of the artificial lake maintains the previously seen double "Y" formation that on the lower side is shaped more like a single "V". The area where the lake now sits was once a vast peat bog, this used as an energy source by the local small industries up until the early 20th century. Lake Campotosto was created in the 1930s by means of constructing three dikes. The main reason for creating the lake was to establish a water reservoir that could be used to generate hydroelectric power in the Vomano valley. During the construction of Lake Campotosto, a cableway leading to the Capitignano railway station was fortified. It was used to transport building materials and to carry earth away from the excavations. From Capitignano the rail line headed to L'Aquila following a course that had earlier been used for the transportation of peat. The rail line was abandoned soon after construction of the lake was completed. During the winter the lake freezes completely over while in the fall many people come for a visit to admire the colorful foliage in the nearby forests. Flora and fauna The Lake Campotosto Reserve, located in the Province of L'Aquila in Abruzzo is a state owned wildlife preservation area. Local species include beech, willow, and snakewood trees. Indigenous to the area are badgers, pheasants, and foxes. Lakeside attractions A circular trail about 50 km in length run along the perimeter of Lake Campotosto. It is rather flat in nature. In the summer it serves as a gathering place for many hiking, jogging, bicycle touring or simple romantic walks during the sunset hours. Shorter excursions can be arranged by cutting off one of the two main branches of the lake. A bridge, Ponte delle Stecche ("The Bridge of Sticks") has been built in one of the narrower sections of the lake. An older unused structure stands nearby. The traveler using this bridge is also able to greatly shorten his lakeside. The neighboring Capannelle Pass, is located about 15 km away and also attracts many cyclists and motorbikers in the warmer months of the year. Bordering towns Campotosto Mascioni Poggio Cancelli External links Banca dati dei laghi italiani: Campotosto Campotosto

The NZR E class of Double Fairlie steam locomotives were two different types of Fairlie steam locomotives, used on New Zealand's railway network. They were the first classes to take that designation, followed by the E class Mallet compound locomotive of 1906 and then the E class battery electric locomotive of 1922. The other Double Fairlie class was the B class, and there were also the Single Fairlie R and S classes. History In 1872, two locomotives were ordered by the Otago provincial government to operate trains on the newly built Dunedin and Port Chalmers Railway. The first line to be built to the new national gauge standard of 3 feet 6 inches, it had as its consulting engineer Robert F. Fairlie, who persuaded the railway to order locomotives to his Double Fairlie design. Built by the Vulcan Foundry in England, the locomotives were shipped to New Zealand in kit set form. Arriving at Port Chalmers in August, they were unloaded onto the wharf and were assembled in situ. The railway's No.2 "Josephine" was assembled first due to its being closer to the end of the wharf, and after two weeks of assembly she first raised steam on 11 September 1872. After a short test run, "Josephine" was used to help finish the construction of the line while No. 1 "Rose" was completed. In 1875, seeking additional motive power for the lightly-laid lines of the period, the national Government placed an order with Avonside for six Double Fairlie locomotives that became the E class. Larger and more powerful than the Vulcan Double Fairlies, the Avonside locomotives proved to be the most successful Double Fairlies in NZ. An initial feature of the class was the positioning of the sandboxes on top of the smokebox and around the base of the funnel, later changed. The class also continued the use of Walschaerts valve gear that was introduced on the B class Double Fairlies. In service At the official opening of the Dunedin and Port Chalmers Railway, "Rose" hauled the first official train. Both locomotives continued in service until the railway was amalgamated into the Government system, becoming class "E" and gaining Otago section numbers. In 1879, "Josephine" was used as a banking locomotive south of Oamaru on the first train on the newly completed Main South Line between Dunedin and Christchurch, hauled by K 88 "Washington". There was much discussion over whether "Josephine" or the new American locomotive should lead – K 88 kept its position as lead loco. "Josephine" had to be removed from the train at Palmerston, as the driver had forced her to take too much of the load and as a consequence she developed mechanical problems. Upon the general re-numbering of 1888-90 "Josephine" was numbered E 175, and lasted in NZR service until 1900. She was sold to the Public Works Department, re-numbered PWD 504 and used in the construction of railway lines before they were handed over to the Railways Department. She was transferred to the North Island and utilised in the construction of the North Island Main Trunk Railway before she returned to her former home for the construction of the Otago Central Railway, before her retirement in 1917. Both locomotives had a reputation of being rather unspectacular performers. The class was assigned to the North Island, based in Wanganui and New Plymouth, where they saw out their entire careers. Three received names under the aborted naming scheme of the time – "Albatross", "Pelican" and "Penguin". They gave good reliable service, but the complexity resulting from the fact that they had double the moving parts of a normal locomotive led to maintenance difficulties. Withdrawal and disposal "Rose" suffered an accident in 1878, and was withdrawn from service, never to be repaired. It is presumed she was scrapped or disposed of in the manner of the day. "Josephine", once withdrawn from Public Works Department service in 1917, was sold for scrap to the Otago Iron Rolling Mills. All had been officially withdrawn by 1906, but they continued to be maintained and used for many years after. In 1920 the Railways Department discovered their continued use, much to its annoyance, and they were removed from service and scrapped. Preservation Only "Josephine", one of the Vulcan locomotives, has survived. After being sold for scrap to the Otago Iron Rolling Mills in 1917, she languished at the company's Green Island premises. She was still there in 1926 when the company had her cosmetically restored (including the fitting of balloon funnels, which she never had in service) and she was placed on display at the New Zealand South Seas Exhibition of 1926 next to AB class 608 "Passchendaele". At this time she was placed in the ownership of the Otago Settlers Museum. This is believed to be the first example of railway preservation in New Zealand. "Josephine" was subsequently displayed in the park area next to the museum, where she deteriorated in the elements. In the 1960s she was cosmetically restored again, this time with correct-style funnels, and placed inside a protective glass room adjoining the museum. She is one of the oldest preserved locomotives in New Zealand, giving way to the older A67, built in 1873, at Dunedin's, Ocean Beach Railway, and the only surviving provincial Government locomotive. There are no current plans to restore her to operational condition. Although none of the other locomotives survived, one of the powered bogies from an Avonside E Class exists cylinder-less at Ferrymead Heritage Park, Christchurch. Classification The E classification was used a number of times for locomotives, in the case of Double Fairlies for two different types of locomotives, built by Vulcan in 1872 and Avonside in 1875. The Avonside locomotives were the first Double Fairlies to be classed E, with the Vulcan locomotives gaining the E classification upon being incorporated into the Government system not long after. As at the time separate classification systems existed for the different sections, the Vulcan pair assumed the E classification independently of the Avonside locomotives. Upon the general renumbering of 1888-90 only "Josephine" of the Vulcan pair was still in service and retained the E classification, but load schedules would have differentiated between the South Island Vulcan Fairlie and the North Island Avonside Fairlies. As "Josephine" never ventured to the North Island in NZR service, the E classification would not have been an issue despite there being two distinct types of locomotive. See also NZR B class (1874) NZR R class NZR S class Locomotives of New Zealand Railway preservation in New Zealand References Bibliography External links New Zealand Railways Steam Locomotives - Class E Otago Settlers Museum Weka Pass Railway's page on Josephine Heath, Eric, and Stott, Bob; Classic Steam Locomotives Of New Zealand, Grantham House, 1993 E class 0-4-4-0T locomotives Vulcan Foundry locomotives Avonside locomotives Fairlie locomotives Railway locomotives introduced in 1872 3 ft 6 in gauge locomotives of New Zealand

Sawnder Sion was a Welsh poet of the 16th century. He was known as the "Lion of Llantarnam" and was affiliated with Llantarnam Abbey, although he lived in Llangovan, near Raglan. He is buried beneath the choir in St Michael's Church, Llantarnam. His funeral was attended by fellow poet and friend Dafydd Benwyn, whose poem praised him: "In the choir of St Michael Is a bed. I shall weep There is poetry there And great learning and choice knowledge. And there went the lion of the monastery Of Deuma yesterday to our regret." References 16th-century Welsh poets

The AMX-10P is a French amphibious infantry fighting vehicle. It was developed from 1965 onwards to replace the AMX-VCI in the French Army. It served with the French Army from its introduction in 1973 until its retirement in 2015, when it was fully replaced by the VBCI. The AMX-10P was also successfully exported, and continues to serve with several nations' militaries. It was selected by a number of Arab armies and has been operated by Iraq, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, and the United Arab Emirates. Special marine variants were developed for Singapore and Indonesia, including the AMX-10 PAC 90 fire support version with a 90 mm gun. The AMX-10P is fully amphibious, being propelled through water at speeds of up to 7 km/h by twin waterjets. It is fitted as standard with a trim vane and bilge pumps to assist with the flotation process. The AMX-10P shares a number of common transmission and chassis components with its wheeled counterpart, the AMX-10 RC. Development history The AMX-10P was developed by the Atelier de Construction d'Issy-les-Moulineaux (AMX) in response to a French army requirement for a new tracked armoured fighting vehicle to supplement or replace the ageing AMX-VCI. The first prototypes were completed around 1968. They were showcased to potential domestic and international customers at Satory in 1969. Production did not commence until the French Army placed its first order in late 1972. The first AMX-10Ps were delivered in mid to late 1973 to the 7th Mechanised Brigade stationed at Reims. French Army AMX-10Ps were fitted with a 20 mm autocannon in a Toucan II two-man turret with seating for a gunner and commander. Other one-man turrets could be fitted, as well as an observation cupola for training vehicles. Export variants of the AMX-10P abounded, including models equipped with battlefield surveillance radars, the ATILA artillery fire control system, a bank of HOT anti-tank missiles, 60 mm or 81 mm gun-mortars, and a large 90 mm gun. Greece was the first foreign power to purchase the AMX-10P. Between 1974 and 1977 the Hellenic Army ordered over 100 vehicles in three separate variants. Qatar ordered 30 AMX-10Ps in 1975, while Iraq, Saudi Arabia and Indonesia accounted for large export orders during the early 1980s. GIAT Industries accepted a final order from Singapore for AMX-10P PAC-90s in 1994, following which the production lines were closed. At this point 1,750 AMX-10Ps had been manufactured. 108 AMX-10Ps underwent extensive overhauls to improve their armour and mobility between 2006 and 2008, including new gearboxes and suspension systems. By 2015, however, the AMX-10P had been entirely withdrawn from French service, being replaced by the VBCI. Description AMX-10P hulls are fabricated from a welded steel or aluminum alloy and notable for their parallel incorporation of the driving and engine compartments. The driver is seated at the front of the vehicle and to the left. An AMX-10P's driving compartment is provided with a single hatch cover opening to the rear and three periscopes intended for observation purposes when the hatch is closed. Night vision equipment was not fitted as standard to the base production model. One of the three driving periscopes could be replaced with combined day/night intensification sights as needed. The troop compartment is at the rear of the hull, and provided with two roof hatches. Passengers embark and debark from a ramp, which is accessed through two doors at the rear. Transmission consists of a hydraulic torque converter coupled to a gearbox with one reverse and four forward driving gears. The AMX-10P utilises a torsion bar suspension, which supports five road wheels with the drive sprocket at the front and idler near the rear. These can be accessed from inside the hull through maintenance panels. Standard AMX-10P turrets are equipped with a GIAT M693 automatic cannon firing two different types of both high explosive ammunition and armour-piercing ammunition. More than one ammunition type may be loaded at once and fired alternatively. The high explosive rounds have a muzzle velocity of 1,050 m/s. The latest armour-piercing round has a muzzle velocity of 1,300 m/s and is capable of penetrating 20 mm of rolled homogeneous armour at an incidence of 60°. The autocannon has a cyclic rate of fire of 740 rounds per minute, with the gunner being able to switch between semiautomatic, limited burst, or fully automatic fire as necessary. External AMX-10Ps have a very distinctive, pointed hull and a sloping glacis plate, with the driver's position plainly visible to the left. The hull roof is horizontal as well as sloped slightly inwards, accommodating a turret ring near the centre of the chassis. Both hull sides are vertical and lack firing ports. There is a circular exhaust outlet on the right side of the hull above the second and third road wheels. Variants AMX-10P: Standard production model. Armed with a two-man Toucan II turret and a M963 F2 20 mm autocannon. AMX-10P 25: AMX-10P with a one-man Dragar turret and a M811 25 mm autocannon. This was trialled by the French Army but not adopted into service. It was later adopted by the Singapore Armed Forces. AMX-10P Marine: AMX-10P with improved amphibious capabilities and a modified propulsion system that allowed for top speeds of up to 10 km/h in water. This variant was developed for the Indonesian Marine Corps. AMX-10P Sanitaire: A turretless AMX-10P designed as an ambulance vehicle. It carried a wide range of medical equipment. AMX-10ECH: AMX-10P modified as an armoured recovery vehicle, including a large hydraulic crane. Also known as the AMX-10D. AMX-10P/HOT: AMX-10P carrying HOT anti-tank missiles. Two external HOT launchers were located on either side of the hull, with an additional twenty missiles stored outside. This variant was developed for the Saudi Arabian Army. At least 92 were manufactured. AMX-10PC: AMX-10P modified as a command vehicle, including additional radios, a collapsible awning on either side of the hull, and a large generator on the hull roof. AMX-10 RATAC: An unarmed AMX-10P with a RATAC fire control radar mounted over its turret ring and a tracing table located inside the hull. AMX-10RAV: AMX-10P modified as a general cargo transporter. The French Army used this model to transport artillery ammunition. AMX-10RC: Wheeled variant of the AMX-10P developed for armed reconnaissance. AMX-10SAO: AMX-10P modified as a mobile forward artillery observation post. It possessed a long-range laser rangefinder in its turret, as well as a 7.62mm machine gun. AMX-10SAT: AMX-10P modified as an artillery survey vehicle. It was fitted with a custom navigation system. AMX-10TM: AMX-10P modified as an artillery tractor, with a new one-man turret and its rear ramp removed. It towed a F1 120 mm mortar and carried 60 mortar projectiles. AMX-10VOA: AMX-10P modified as a mobile forward artillery observation post. It possessed a slightly different turret from the AMX-10SAO. AMX-10VFA: AMX-10P carrying the ATILA artillery fire control system. This spawned two sub-variants of its own, the more simplified AMX-10VLA, and the more sophisticated AMX-10VFA. AMX-10P TMC-81: AMX-10P with an 81 mm breech loading, Hotchkiss-Brandt CL-81 gun-mortar. Similar in concept to the earlier CM60A1, the CL-81 fired both high explosive and armour-piercing shells. AMX-10P PAC-90: AMX-10P with the complete turret and 90 mm main gun assembly of the Panhard ERC-90 Sagaie armoured car. It carried 30 90 mm shells and 2,000 rounds of 7.62mm machine gun ammunition. This variant was marketed primarily to Indonesia and Singapore. AMX-10M: Modified AMX-10M to fitted the 142mm ACRA Launcher with 20mm secondary gun. Operators : 25 : 34 : 100; some modernized in 2015 : 10 : 40 : 293 : 15 Former operators : 331 in service in 2011; withdrawn from service in 2015. : 105 : 44 See also AMX series AMX-13 AMX-VCI AMX Mk F3 AMX-10RC AMX-30 AMX-40 AMX-50 Vehicles of comparable role, performance, and era FV510 Warrior Marder Schützenpanzer Puma Dardo Bionix BMP-2 M2 Bradley References External links AMX-10P from 2sd GC in Germany in 1989 topgun.rin.ru inetres.com Amphibious infantry fighting vehicles Tracked infantry fighting vehicles Infantry fighting vehicles of France Infantry fighting vehicles of the Cold War Military vehicles introduced in the 1970s

Oy Matkahuolto Ab (; is a Finnish company, which was established on 28 January 1933 to operate and maintain bus stations throughout Finland and to provide freight services. The spokesperson was Kaarlo Leander, the chair of Linja-autoliitto ry which was established to act as the interest group of private bus operators. History Waiting rooms were proposed to be built in the biggest cities, and the first bus stations were built in 1929 in Tampere and in Hämeenlinna in the gas stations of Shell Oy and Nobel-Standard (Esso) Oy. Bus stations were quickly built by the local departments of Linja-autoliitto also in Helsinki, Viipuri, Porvoo, Loviisa, Lohja, Lappeenranta and Imatra. In the end of the century, there were 36 bus stations in Finland, and in 56 localities there was a Matkahuolto agent selling tickets and handling freight. The total number of personnel was approximately 250. The busiest and most profitable were the bus stations of Helsinki and other big cities. These stations had also cafeterias that were rented to outsiders. The outbreak of the Winter War in the end of November 1939 made operations more difficult and many bus stations were damaged by bombing. Extra income was obtained by selling coal, and buses were powered by wood gas generators. The Continuation War against the Soviet Union took place in 1941-44, and the Lapland war against Germany ended in 1945. The wartime depression started to ease gradually although many products were under control until the 1950s. Freight traffic started to increase and in the end of the 1940s, when 40 percent of turnover came from freight traffic. There were 49 bus stations and 310 agents. The number of employees was 320, of which almost 80 percent were women. A new financing method for bus stations was developed in 1954. Together with cities and other partners, property companies started to be established and thus, risks were diminished. In the end of the 1960s, the company started to claim to its possession kiosks and cafeterias but in the longer term, this was not an economically viable venture. The first chair of the company's board of directors was Chancellor Professor Arvo Sipilä, keeping this position for more than 40 years. Traffic Counsellors Yrjö Penttilä and U. M. Heinonen were in administrative positions for almost 40 years. In the middle of the 1970s, the personnel magazine äMHoo was established for information purposes. After Graduate Engineer Atte Rainio, Graduate Engineer Yrjö Wänttinen served as the managing director of Oy Matkahuolto Ab in 1936-66. After Olli Metsävainio, Master of Economics, Jan Heikkilä, Master of Economics and later Commercial Counsellor, was elected as the managing director in 1981. In 1984, Oy Matkahuolto Ab moved to a new place of business in Lauttasaari in Helsinki. The tightened competition and the strong depression in 1990s complicated the operational preconditions of Oy Matkahuolto Ab. As a marketing and service company of bus traffic, the company has not been able to operate clearly according to the principles of a business enterprise. In the name of the collective benefit of the field, it has been obliged to maintain unprofitable operations, like information on timetables and sale of tickets, as well as services in sparsely populated areas. By the beginning of the 1990s, the company had clearly developed into a marketing and service company of bus traffic combining approximately 400 Finnish bus operating companies into a functional entity. The long-term managing director Jan Heikkilä retired in April 1996 and Graduate Engineer Pekka Hongisto was elected as the new managing director in 1997. The biggest challenge of Oy Matkahuolto Ab in the 2000s was building the new bus terminal Kamppi Center in Helsinki. The company's core business consists of travel and parcel services and cafeteria and kiosk operations. The company employs 700 people. Oy Matkahuolto Ab's subsidiaries include TRIM-softa Oy, an ICT company, and 11 property companies. Services Oy Matkahuolto Ab promotes public transport and develops and provides travel-related products and services. One of its main areas of expertise is to develop the nationwide ticketing, information and fare collection systems. The timetable service available on the Internet and by phone contains the timetables of all buses operating in Finland, providing information about 40 000 departures and 20 000 bus stops throughout the country. Oy Matkahuolto Ab maintains and develops a national parcel transportation service based on nationwide scheduled route network, supplementing it with a pickup and delivery system and, as required, with other means of transportation. Parcels can be sent via Oy Matkahuolto Ab to locations throughout Finland, and all over the world in collaboration with TNT. Oy Matkahuolto Ab's services are available through 2 000 service outlets, 60 of which are owned by the company. In addition, its services are marketed and sold through agents at more than 400 localities. Parcel services for online shopping and mail order companies are available from Tradeka outlets which include Siwa, EuroMarket and Valintatalo grocery stores. Ticket refunding services are offered by the R-kioski chain. Link Matkahuolto Public transport operators Transport companies of Finland Transport companies established in 1933 1933 establishments in Finland

Married to Medicine: Los Angeles is an American reality television on Bravo cable network, the second spin-off of the Married to Medicine franchise. The show premiered as an extra episode of the parent series of Married to Medicine, on March 6, 2019, with the show scheduled on Sundays afterward beginning March 10, 2019. The series chronicles the lives of six women in the Los Angeles area who are either female doctors or doctors' wives. The first season's cast consisted of Dr. Britten Cole, Dr. Imani Walker, Dr. Noelle Reid, Asha Kamali-Blankinship, and Shanique Drummond, with Jazmin Johnson in the supporting role of friend. In December 2019, Bravo announced that Married to Medicine: Los Angeles would return for a second season. Season 2 premiered on May 3, 2020, with Dr. Kendra Segura and Lia Dias joining the cast, replacing Dr. Reid and Kamali-Blankinship, and Johnson having been promoted to main cast. Cast Dr. Britten Cole Shanique Drummond Asha Kamali-Blankinship (season 1) Dr. Noelle Reid (season 1) Dr. Imani Walker Lia Dias (season 2) Jazmin Johnson (season 2; recurring season 1) Dr. Kendra Segura (season 2) Episodes Series overview Season 1 (2019) Season 2 (2020) References External links 2010s American reality television series 2019 American television series debuts Bravo (American TV network) original programming English-language television shows Television series by Fremantle (company) Television shows set in Los Angeles 2020s American reality television series American television spin-offs Reality television spin-offs Women in Los Angeles

Nice Collective is a San Francisco-based designer clothing brand founded in 1997. It was started by dance music veterans Joe Haller and Ian Hannula, according to them, as a combination of streetwear they themselves wore with better fabrics and construction. Though the brand is focused on menswear, the designers also produce collections for women as well. Background Joe Haller was raised in New York, and into his 20s worked as a radiology tech. During his off hours, he produced dance music and organized parties in clubs around New York City. A professional bike racer, Ian Hannula was raised in Atlanta, Georgia and studied combat photography in the Marine Corps. He created dance music events in Atlanta and was a resident DJ in two top clubs. Joe and Ian met on the dance floor in San Francisco in 1995. Their connection was instant, fueled by their common interests in art, music, and fashion. They initially started Nice Collective as loose amalgamation of talent that would launch parties and club nights, a record label, a DJ agency, and a clothing line. Though neither had any fashion training, Haller and Hannula began by producing experimental pieces such as deconstructed than reconstructed camouflage shirts, pullover sweaters made from electric blankets, and shirts that transformed into kites. Public profile In February 2010, Haller and Hannula collaborated with environmentalist David de Rothschild on the launch of Plastiki, a boat made from discarded plastic water bottles that set sail from San Francisco to Australia. Nice Collective was featured in GQ Magazine's roundup of 'The Best New Designers in America' in 2007. The line has outfitted tours for Coldplay, Nine Inch Nails, Smashing Pumpkins and The Police. After a multi-year absence, Nice Collective returned to New York Fashion Week in February 2009 with the “Time Machine” collections. New York fashion writer Josh Peskowitz of men.style.com described the clothes as having “something post-apocalyptic–not to mention post-erotic.” Collection history Fall 2010 - "Voices" Spring 2010 - "The Gathering" Fall 2009 - "Time Machine" Spring 2009 - "Voix de Ville" Fall 2008 - "New Romantics" References Clothing brands of the United States

Karweti is a settlement in Kenya's Central Province. History The province is inhabited by the Kikuyu who are part of the Kenya Eastern Bantu. During Kenya's colonization by the British, much of the province was regarded as part of the 'White Highlands', for the exclusive use of the settler community. Therefore it saw political activity from the local communities who felt that they had an ancestral right to the land. The tension culminated in the 1950s with the Mau Mau rebellion; it saw the region placed under a state of emergency and the arrest of many prominent political leaders. References Populated places in Central Province (Kenya)

The Edinburgh Festival Voluntary Guides Association (EFVGA) is a non-profit group of volunteers who lead walking tours of the historic districts of Edinburgh, principally for visitors to Edinburgh's summer festivals. The organisation was set up as part of the first Edinburgh International Festival in 1947 and continues to operate under the patronage of the city's Lord Provost. The volunteer guides receive no remuneration, and no charge is made for most of their tours. Origins During the planning for the first Edinburgh International Festival in 1947, the then Lord Provost, Sir John Falconer, issued an appeal for "citizens who will be prepared to act, in a voluntary capacity, as guides," their duties consisting of "taking parties of visitors … along the Royal Mile and explaining to them its historical associations." Twelve volunteers came forward to lead walking tours twice a day during the Festival. The tours, which were coordinated by John Bowman, a former City Water Engineer, were listed in the Festival's official programme under the heading "Special Tours". The Festival Society provided secretarial and financial assistance and took responsibility for vetting the volunteers. A meeting place for the tours was provided in Cannonball House, a historic town house next to the entrance to Edinburgh Castle. The tours followed the length of the Royal Mile, ending at Holyrood Palace. More volunteer guides were recruited for the 1948 Festival. In that year the group was officially constituted as the Edinburgh Festival Voluntary Guides Association, with Bowman serving as its first president and with the Lord Provost as its patron. By the time of the 1949 Festival, there were 40 guides in service. Over the next few years, the tours grew in popularity, attracting about a thousand visitors per season by 1950. Finances The Festival Society discontinued its support for the Association in 1985. The Department of Extra-Mural Studies at the Edinburgh University stepped in with an offer of both secretarial and financial help, an arrangement which was to last for seven years. This was mainly thanks to the support of the Department's former director, Basil Skinner. Today the Association is entirely self-supporting, with no funding from public sources. Its administrative costs are met from visitors' donations and also from charges made for private tours outside the Festival season. Current activities The EFVGA currently has about 75 guides, of which 45 to 50 are active at any one time. All guides go through a rigorous training and assessment process. The Association's main activity still consists of running free tours during the Festival season, although these are now officially part of the Festival Fringe rather than the International Festival. The group typically runs about 80 tours during the three weeks of the season. In 2013, it moved its base to the City Chambers from Cannonball House when that building was converted to a restaurant. The Association also offers private tours on demand outside the Festival, for which it makes a small charge. In 2019, it started running free tours as part of Edinburgh's Open Streets programme, in which most of the Royal Mile and some adjacent streets are closed to motor vehicles but open to visitors on foot or bicycle once a month. In the mid-1950s, a programme of free illustrated talks (originally known as "lantern lectures") was added to the Association's offering, and these continue to this day. The talks take place during the Festival season, and are typically on subjects relating to Edinburgh and Scottish history. Because of the COVID-19 pandemic, the Association was only able to offer a reduced programme of tours during the 2020 and 2021 festival seasons, but returned to their normal full programme for 2022. In August 2021, Edinburgh Council passed a resolution congratulating the volunteer guides on the 75th anniversary of the Association in 2022. The resolution, which was proposed by Cllr Amy McNeese-Mechan, also requested that the Lord Provost "marks the anniversary in an appropriate way". References 1947 establishments in Scotland Organizations established in 1947 Organisations based in Edinburgh Edinburgh Festival Annual events in Edinburgh History of Edinburgh Royal Mile Tourism in Edinburgh

Samuela Comola (born 30 April 1998 in Aosta) is an Italian biathlete. Comola started her biathlon career in 2009. In 2016 she competed at the Winter Youth Olympic Games. She also participated at the 2017 IBU Youth World Championships. Comola made her debut race in the World Cup during the 2021–22 Biathlon World Cup season (on November 27, 2021) in Östersund (64th in the individual). She competed at the Winter Olympic Games in Beijing 2022 in women's sprint, pursuit, and team relay races. On March 3, 2022 in Kontiolahti she secured her career first podium in the World Cup (3rd in the relay with Dorothea Wierer, Federica Sanfilippo and Lisa Vittozzi). At the Biathlon World Championships 2023 in Oberhof, she won the gold medal in the relay with Dorothea Wierer, Hannah Auchentaller and Lisa Vittozzi. Biathlon results All results are sourced from the International Biathlon Union. Updated on 30 March 2023 Olympic Games World Championships World Cup Relay podiums References Living people 1998 births Italian female biathletes Olympic biathletes for Italy Biathletes at the 2022 Winter Olympics Biathletes at the 2016 Winter Youth Olympics Sportspeople from Aosta Biathlon World Championships medalists

On Floating Bodies () is a work, originally in two books, by Archimedes, one of the most important mathematicians, physicists, and engineers of antiquity. Thought to have been written towards the end of Archimedes' life, On Floating Bodies I-II survives only partly in Greek and in a medieval Latin translation from the Greek. It is the first known work on hydrostatics, of which Archimedes is recognized as the founder. The purpose of On Floating Bodies I-II was to determine the positions that various solids will assume when floating in a fluid, according to their form and the variation in their specific gravities. The work is renown for containing the first statement of what is now known as Archimedes' principle. Overview Archimedes lived in the Greek city-state of Syracuse, Sicily, where he was known as a mathematician and as a designer of machines, some of which might have helped keeping Roman armies at bay during the Second Punic War. Archimedes' interests in the conditions of stability for solid bodies are found both here and in his studies of the lever and centre of gravity in On the Equilibrium of Planes I-II. Book one of On Floating Bodies begins with a derivation of the Law of Buoyancy and ends with a proof that a floating segment of a homogeneous solid sphere is always in stable equilibrium when its base is parallel to the surface of a fluid. Book two extends Archimedes' study from the segment of a sphere to the case of a right paraboloid and contains many sophisticated results. Although the work is extant in Latin translation, the only known copy of On Floating Bodies I-II in Greek comes from the Archimedes Palimpsest. Contents First book In the first part of book one, Archimedes establishes various general principles, such as that a solid denser than a fluid will, when immersed in that fluid, be lighter (the "missing" weight found in the fluid it displaces). Archimedes spells out the law of equilibrium of fluids, and proves that water will adopt a spherical form around a centre of gravity. This may have been a reference to contemporary Greek theory that the Earth is round, which is also found in the works of others such as Eratosthenes. The fluids described by Archimedes are not self-gravitating, since he assumes the existence of a point towards which all things fall in order to derive the spherical shape. Most notably, On Floating Bodies I contains the concept which became known as Archimedes' principle: In addition to the principle that bears his name, Archimedes discovered that a submerged object displaces a volume of water equal to the object's own volume (upon which the story of him shouting "Eureka" is based). This concept has come to be referred to by some as the principle of flotation. Second book Book two of On Floating Bodies is considered a mathematical achievement unmatched in antiquity and rarely equaled until after the late Renaissance. Heath called it "a veritable tour de force which must be read in full to be appreciated." The book contains a detailed investigation of the stable equilibrium positions of floating right paraboloids of various shapes and relative densities when floating in a fluid of greater specific gravity, according to geometric and hydrostatic variations. It is restricted to the case when the base of the paraboloid lies either entirely above or entirely below the fluid surface. Archimedes' investigation of paraboloids was possibly an idealization of the shapes of ships' hulls. Some of the paraboloids float with the base under water and the summit above water, similar to the way that icebergs float. Of Archimedes' works that survive, the second book of On Floating Bodies is considered his most mature work. References External links Greek text hosted by SLUB (Saxon State and University Library Dresden) Greek text hosted by Poesia Latina The Medieval Latin Translation by William of Moerbeke edited by Johan Heiberg English translation by Thomas Little Heath Works by Archimedes 3rd-century BC books Papyrology

Cellosaurus is an online knowledge base on cell lines, which attempts to document all cell lines used in biomedical research. It is provided by the Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics (SIB). It is an ELIXIR Core Data Resource as well as an IRDiRC's Recognized Resource. It is the contributing resource for cell lines on the Resource Identification Portal. As of December 2022, it contains information for more than 144,000 cell lines. Its scope includes immortalised cell lines, naturally immortal cell lines (example: embryonic stem cells) and finite life cell lines when those are distributed and used widely. The Cellosaurus provides a wealth of manually curated information; for each cell line it lists a recommended name, synonyms and the species of origin. Other types of information include standardised disease terminology (for cancer or genetic disorder cell lines), the transformant used to immortalise a cell line, transfected or knocked-out genes, microsatellite instability, doubling time, gender and age of donor (patient or animal), important sequence variations, web links, publication references and cross-references to close to 100 different databases, ontologies, cell collections and other relevant resources. Since many cell lines used in research have been misidentified or contaminated, the Cellosaurus keeps track of problematic cell lines, including all those listed in the International Cell Line Authentication Committee (ICLAC) tables. For human as well as some dog cell lines, it provides short tandem repeat (STR) profile information. Since July 2018, cell lines in the Cellosaurus are represented as items in Wikidata. In March 2020, the Cellosaurus created a page containing cell line information relevant to SARS-CoV-2 in response to the COVID-19 pandemic. The Cellosaurus encyclopedia is widely recognized as an authoritative source for cell line information, providing unique identifiers and as source of curated information. References External links Cellosaurus Introductory video on the Cellosaurus GitHub directory of Cellosaurus Record in FAIRsharing.org Record in Identifiers.org Molecular biology Biological databases Cell biology Cell culture