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In this work, 17 Y-STR loci (DYS456, DYS389 I, DYS390, DYS389 II, DYS458, DYS19, DYS385 a/b, DYS393, DYS391, DYS439, DYS635, DYS392, Y GATA H4, DYS437, DYS438, DYS448) from 90 father-son pairs are used in order to estimate mutational rates. |
Mutations at DYS439 and DYS458 loci were detected between three father-son pairs. |
In addition, a duplication in DYS389 II locus and two different intermediate alleles in DYS458 locus (19.2, 20.2) were observed. |
Furthermore in this study, gene frequencies and gene diversity in Turkey are determined. |
Gene frequencies compared with the earlier work of Y-STR in Turkey. |
Although there was compliance at the loci studied with overall Turkish population, some differences were found in some regional studies. |
The World Medical Association defines medical malpractice as ?Damage caused by the health care provider?s non-performance of standard applications during treatment, lack of capability or non-treatment of the patient?. |
During recent years, it is known that claims regarding medical application mistakes have increased. |
A total of 322 complaints and 274 dentists who were the subject of the complaint were determined. |
The complaints were reviewed in line with the relevant regulation and arranged under 29 titles. |
30% of the complaints were from male patients while 70% were from female patients; 66% of the dentists who were informed against were male while 34% were female. |
57% of the applications that were filed a complaint against were on prosthetic dentistry. |
It was observed that 79.5% of the applications were performed in private clinics. |
Topics which are known to be closely related to communications skills, such as enlightening the patient and getting their informed consent, can only be internalized when given during the training period. |
Bombing attacks are strong man-made factors of trauma. |
Post-traumatic stress disorder after the bombing attacks is high and long-lasting. |
In Turkey, the average PTSD levels after the terrorist attacks are in the range of 29.9% to 5.9% (Eşsizoğlu et al., 2009; Aker 2008). |
Gender, dissociative experience, and average number of life events increase the likelihood of observing PTSD. |
Although the participants showing stres symptoms may access psychological support, the effective growth levels were not measured in this study. |
The analysis of trace levels of explosives is critical in crime scene forensic investigations, homeland security and environmental analysis. |
LC?MS/MS is a well-established technique for explosives in complex matrices such as post-blast debris and in environmental samples such as soil and plant material extracts. |
Although these compounds have a low vapour pressure they tend to be heat labile and can degrade at the high temperatures typically used in GC techniques. |
The short duration of the procedure allows the use of this method in routine analysis. |
Samples containing RDX, HMX and TNT which were injected to LC-MS/MS have been analyzed in a short time as 10 min, providing a clear separation in column. |
The detection was performed in LC-MS/MS, observing the cleavage products were monitored as 283.9 m / z (precursor ion), 61.9 m / z (secondary ion) for RDX, 357.7 m / z (precursor ion), 61.7 m / z (secondary ion) for HMX, 225.5 m / z (precursor ion), 195.0 m / z (secondary ion) for TNT and 228.0 m / z (precursor ion), 181.3 m / z (secondary ion) for picric acid. As a result of the analysis performed in soils spiked with explosive mix in 50.00, 100.00, 250.00 ngg-1 concentrations before and after the extraction procedure applying the method developed, a high recovery as %100.38 (±8.75) for RDX, %96.85 (±10.47) for HMX, %97.62 (±13.88) for TNT was obtained (Table X, XI, XII). |
As a result of the analysis performed in soils spiked with explosive mix in 50.00, 100.00, 250.00 ngg-1 concentrations before and after the extraction procedure applying the method developed, a high recovery as %100.38 (±8.75) for RDX, %96.85 (±10.47) for HMX, %97.62 (±13.88) for TNT was obtained (Table X, XI, XII). The detection was performed in LC-MS/MS, observing the cleavage products were monitored as 283.9 m / z (precursor ion), 61.9 m / z (secondary ion) for RDX, 357.7 m / z (precursor ion), 61.7 m / z (secondary ion) for HMX, 225.5 m / z (precursor ion), 195.0 m / z (secondary ion) for TNT and 228.0 m / z (precursor ion), 181.3 m / z (secondary ion) for picric acid. |
The method showed linearity in the range of 7.00-500.00 ngg-1 for RDX, 10.00-500.00 ngg-1 for HMX, 38.00-500.00 ngg-1 for TNT. LOD and LOQ values obtained from the analysis of the spiked soils are 4.27 ngg-1 and 7.00 ngg-1 for RDX, 6.76 ngg-1 and 10.00 ngg-1 for HMX , and 18.87 ngg-1 and 38.00 ngg-1 for TNT, in order. |
All r2 values were above 0.99. |
LOD and LOQ values obtained from the analysis of the spiked soils are 4.27 ngg-1 and 7.00 ngg-1 for RDX, 6.76 ngg-1 and 10.00 ngg-1 for HMX , and 18.87 ngg-1 and 38.00 ngg-1 for TNT, in order. The method showed linearity in the range of 7.00-500.00 ngg-1 for RDX, 10.00-500.00 ngg-1 for HMX, 38.00-500.00 ngg-1 for TNT. |
These values show that the method is suitable for the determinations in quite lower concentrations of RDX, HMX and TNT in soil. |
LOQ calculations are performed using the EURACHEM method which gives the most confident results. |
1.300 (mentioned in the documents of AOAC) in 100.00 ve 250.00 ngg-1 concentrations and this shows that the inter-day and inter-analist precisions are in the acceptable limits. |
As a result of this study, an easy, economical, fast, selective, precise method with a low detection limit and high recovery was developed for the analysis of RDX, HMX and TNT in soil using LC-MS/MS and validated. |
Keywords: HMX, LC-MS/MS, explosive determination in soil, picric acid, RDX, TNT |
Obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD) is a psychiatric disorder characterized by obsessive ideas and compulsive behaviours. |
Neurobiology of OCD became clear by indicating the functional disorders in the serotonergic and dopaminergic systems. |
In this thesis, the relationship between Cathechol-O-Methyltransferase (COMT) -287A/G (rs2097063), Serotonin Transporter (5-HTT) 5-HTTLPR and rs16965628 polymorphisms in 80 OCD patients and 100 control subjects are determined. Patients and controls are genotyped for COMT -287 A/G (rs 2097063) and 5-HTT (rs16965628) polymorphisms by means of Real-Time PCR technique after DNA isolation. |
Patients and controls are genotyped for COMT -287 A/G (rs 2097063) and 5-HTT (rs16965628) polymorphisms by means of Real-Time PCR technique after DNA isolation. In this thesis, the relationship between Cathechol-O-Methyltransferase (COMT) -287A/G (rs2097063), Serotonin Transporter (5-HTT) 5-HTTLPR and rs16965628 polymorphisms in 80 OCD patients and 100 control subjects are determined. |
5-HTTLPR insertion/deletion polymorphism is genotyped using PCR and agarose gel electrophoresis technique. |
The rate and severity of symptoms are checked in OCD patients with Yale Brown obsession compulsion Scale (Y-BOCS). |
When OCD and control group is compared, no significant difference is found between COMT gene -287 A/G (rs 2097063), serotonin transporter 5-HTTLPR gene polymorphisms and OCD. In this thesis, the relationship between Cathechol-O-Methyltransferase (COMT) -287A/G (rs2097063), Serotonin Transporter (5-HTT) 5-HTTLPR and rs16965628 polymorphisms in 80 OCD patients and 100 control subjects are determined. |
In this thesis, the relationship between Cathechol-O-Methyltransferase (COMT) -287A/G (rs2097063), Serotonin Transporter (5-HTT) 5-HTTLPR and rs16965628 polymorphisms in 80 OCD patients and 100 control subjects are determined. But we found significant difference between Serotonin transporter rs16965628 polymorphism and OCD (p<0.05). |
In conclusion, these data are the first to suggest that polymorphism in serotonin transporter (rs16965628) is associated with the development of obsessive compulsive disorder in Turkish population. In this thesis, the relationship between Cathechol-O-Methyltransferase (COMT) -287A/G (rs2097063), Serotonin Transporter (5-HTT) 5-HTTLPR and rs16965628 polymorphisms in 80 OCD patients and 100 control subjects are determined. |
Environmental Factors Effected Sperm Detection on the Clothes as an Evidence of Sexual Assault and Postcoital Interval Detection of spermatozoa on the body or clothes of the victim which is accepted as pathognomonic in Adam?s criteria is the most valuable biologic evidence and very important for the identification of the assailant. |
In our study; 72 semen stains were created on cotton and synthetic fabrics and incubated in different temperatures (4°C, 25°C and 37°C) after that the sperm were investigated from these stains for 6, 12, 24, 72 hour (h), 1 week w), 1, 2, 3, 4 5, 6 and 7 month (m) by microscopically. |
As a result of analysis, detected number of sperm decreased by time significantly in terms all types of fabric and all temperatures, and time factor had a statistically significant effect (p <0.05) on gradual decrease of the number of sperm. When average number of sperm is analyzed in accordance with temperature changes; average number of sperm significantly decreased while temperature which fabrics kept increased and it was detected that temperature had a statistically significant effect (p <0.05) on sperm count. |
When average number of sperm is analyzed in accordance with temperature changes; average number of sperm significantly decreased while temperature which fabrics kept increased and it was detected that temperature had a statistically significant effect (p <0.05) on sperm count. As a result of analysis, detected number of sperm decreased by time significantly in terms all types of fabric and all temperatures, and time factor had a statistically significant effect (p <0.05) on gradual decrease of the number of sperm. |
No significant change is detected between kinds of fabric and detected average sperm count, therefore fabric type factor had no effect alone on sperm count statistically (p> 0.05). As a result of analysis, detected number of sperm decreased by time significantly in terms all types of fabric and all temperatures, and time factor had a statistically significant effect (p <0.05) on gradual decrease of the number of sperm. |
In our study, detected average sperm count were significantly decreased depending on elapsed time and increased temperature and this circumstance is compatible with current forensic literature. |
Key Words: Sexual assault, Spermatozoa, Stain, Temperature, Time. |
In this dissertation, the behaviour of new generation energetic materials which contain azido and nitro groups inside the colon of the high pressure liquid chromatography and their thermal decomposition is investigated. |
In order to prepare different nitro azido compounds, 1,2-dichloro-benzene, 1,2,3 trichloro-benzene were nitrated in convenient circumstances. After all those reactions, 4,6-dinitro-2- chloro-azido-benzene, 1,5-dinitro-2,4-diazido-3-chloro-benzene, 1,3-dinitro-4,6-diazidobenzene and 3,5-dinitro-4-azido-benzenonitrile substances were synthesized. |
Nitrated mixtures, 1,3-dinitro-4,6-dichloro-benzene, 3,5-dinitro-4-chloro-benzonitrile were put to react with NaN3 in polar solvents and were also put to react with NaN3 substitution of azide ion and halogen group of nitrated aromatic ring. After all those reactions, 4,6-dinitro-2- chloro-azido-benzene, 1,5-dinitro-2,4-diazido-3-chloro-benzene, 1,3-dinitro-4,6-diazidobenzene and 3,5-dinitro-4-azido-benzenonitrile substances were synthesized. |
After all those reactions, 4,6-dinitro-2- chloro-azido-benzene, 1,5-dinitro-2,4-diazido-3-chloro-benzene, 1,3-dinitro-4,6-diazidobenzene and 3,5-dinitro-4-azido-benzenonitrile substances were synthesized. It was observed that 4,6 dinitro-2-chloro-azido-benzene turned into 4-nitro-6-chloro phenoxazine at about 120 ºC with anexothermic reaction and it was also observed that 1,5-dinitro-2,4-diazido-3chloro benzene were completely decomposed at about 150 ºC with an exothermic reaction similar to those of explosive materials. |
To determine whether or not the synthesized compounds were pure, an analysis in HPLC was carried out and the number of compounds were determined. |
These substances were characterized by IR, H1-NMR, MS and SEM-EDX elemental analysis. |
It was observed that 4,6 dinitro-2-chloro-azido-benzene turned into 4-nitro-6-chloro phenoxazine at about 120 ºC with anexothermic reaction and it was also observed that 1,5-dinitro-2,4-diazido-3chloro benzene were completely decomposed at about 150 ºC with an exothermic reaction similar to those of explosive materials. , 4,6-dinitro-2- chloro-azido-benzene. |
The synthesized compounds were investigated by TG and DSC methods which are two thermal analysis methods. |
It was observed that 4,6 dinitro-2-chloro-azido-benzene turned into 4-nitro-6-chloro phenoxazine at about 120 ºC with anexothermic reaction and it was also observed that 1,5-dinitro-2,4-diazido-3chloro benzene were completely decomposed at about 150 ºC with an exothermic reaction similar to those of explosive materials. After all those reactions, 4,6-dinitro-2- chloro-azido-benzene, 1,5-dinitro-2,4-diazido-3-chloro-benzene, 1,3-dinitro-4,6-diazidobenzene and 3,5-dinitro-4-azido-benzenonitrile substances were synthesized. |
Similarly, it was determined 1,3-dinitro-4,6-diazidobenzene and 3,5-dinitro-4-azido-benzenonitrilin were completely decomposed in thermogravimetry. After all those reactions, 4,6-dinitro-2- chloro-azido-benzene, 1,5-dinitro-2,4-diazido-3-chloro-benzene, 1,3-dinitro-4,6-diazidobenzene and 3,5-dinitro-4-azido-benzenonitrile substances were synthesized. |
Also, theoretical formation enthalpies of four compounds were calculated with Gaussian 09, CBC-4M algorithm. |
The theoretical reaction enthalpies have been found by using these formation enthalpies in accordance with the Hess law. |
The reaction enthalpy results which were found experimentally by DSC were compared with the calculated theoretical results and it has been observed that the found values were similar.In addition the theoretical results were compared with the experimental ones obtained from DSC. |
The primary goal of this study was to develop and validate a sensetive method with graphite furnace atomic absorption spectroscopy (GFAAS) to determine arsenic concentration in blood, urine and hair samples of 95 smelter workers who admitted to Ankara Occupational Diseases Hospital. |
Since the biological samples are collected from the volunteers who have been directly exposed to metals, it is also aimed to emphasize whether or not the smelter workers are under risk in terms of chronic arsenic exposure . |
In order detect arsenic levels in the biological samples, graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometer equipped with zeeman background correction system was utilized. |
The method showed linearity in the range of 0-100 µg/L with a dedection and quantification limit equal to 0,37 µg/L and 1,1 µg/L respectively. |
The calibration curve was characterized by a high correlation coefficient (r2=0,9983). |
In the present study, arsenic levels ranged between 3,83 and 52,44 µg/L in blood; 1,26 and 27,54 µg/L in urine; 0,06 and 7,90 mg As/kg in hair. Mean arsenic levels in blood, urine and hair samples of smelter workers are found as 21,25±12,47 ppb, 6,43±4,99 ppb, 1,81±1,79 ppm, respectively. |
Mean arsenic levels in blood, urine and hair samples of smelter workers are found as 21,25±12,47 ppb, 6,43±4,99 ppb, 1,81±1,79 ppm, respectively. In the present study, arsenic levels ranged between 3,83 and 52,44 µg/L in blood; 1,26 and 27,54 µg/L in urine; 0,06 and 7,90 mg As/kg in hair. |
Biological samples were classified according to age, smoking habits, exposure time and body mass index. |
Statistical tests were performed for the resultant values by SPSS 19.0 software. |
Arithmetic mean of hair-arsenic levels in the smokers group (2,05 ±1,97mg As/kg) was found to be significantly higher than the arithmetic mean of the hair-arsenic levels in non-smokers group 1,80±1,79 mg As/kg (p<0,05). Arithmetic mean of hair-arsenic levels in exposure time group (4-10 years) was found (2,34±2,21 mg As/kg) to be significantly higher than the arithmetic mean of exposure time group (1-3 years) (1,39 ±1,25 mg As/kg) (p<0,01). |
Arithmetic mean of hair-arsenic levels in exposure time group (4-10 years) was found (2,34±2,21 mg As/kg) to be significantly higher than the arithmetic mean of exposure time group (1-3 years) (1,39 ±1,25 mg As/kg) (p<0,01). Arithmetic mean of hair-arsenic levels in the smokers group (2,05 ±1,97mg As/kg) was found to be significantly higher than the arithmetic mean of the hair-arsenic levels in non-smokers group 1,80±1,79 mg As/kg (p<0,05). |
Pearson correlation test was applied to evaluate the possible correlation among biological samples. |
Consequently, negative correlations were found between the blood-arsenic and urine-arsenic levels (r= -0.225; p=0.028) and between blood-arsenic and hair arsenic (r=-0,230, p=0,025). |
No statistically significant difference was found between age grups and BMI groups Key Words: AAS, Arsenic, Occupational Exposure, Biological Samples. |
This study was planned, in cases who attempted to suicide to set forth the usability of determining the presence of polymorphisms in gene that code Triptofan Hydroxilase in the blood samples obtained, in resolution of forensic cases. |
The blood samples of 5 ml obtained from these cases were put into tubes with EDTA and stored in a deep freze at -800C until analysis. |
In the control group we found that C allel was higher than A allel, but in the suicide attempters number of both A and C allels were closer. |
Disability can be defined as: occuring congenital or acquired, temporary or permenant and as a result of loss of functionality in physiologic, psychologic, anatomic structures in different degrees; with negative effects of restrictive personal and environmental factors, restriction and difficulties of reaching to properties and services, contribution to social life and daily life activities. |
who faces this situation and need protection, health care, rehabilitation, consultation and support. |
From the point of view that there are approximately 1 billion (%15) of disabled in the whole world and 9 millions (%13) in Turkey, its crucial providing the contribution of disabled individuals to social life, presenting health care and rehabilitation, developing educational and occupational opportunities, acquiring independent living abilities and rising life standarts. |
Although there is an effort to create a data base about disabled people in our country during last years, quality and quantity of this statistical studies are not enough like all over the world. |
We hope that our study will contribute firstly to law makers of disabled, organs of disabled rights, non-governmental organizations and practitioners. |
In our study; totally 7380 reports of cases applied to take Medical Board Report of Disabled in years of 2007-2010 are examined retrospectively. |
66,1% of cases are male (4875), 33,9% (2505) are female. |
Mean age is 28,94±21,66. |
Mostly seen age group is 0-9 with 25,2% (n=1865). |
From the beginning of 2007, applicants of to take Medical Board Report of Disabled gradually increased for both sexes. |
Mean time to organise reports are 40,65±35,76 days. |
Mean of disability percentage is 59,80±24,62. |
In accordance with previous studies age of our cases are low, 43,46% (3214) of them are at 0-19 age group children and adolescents. |
On the other hand when body functions are examined, its seen that mostly with a percentage of 41,8% (3087) disorders of cognitive functions are diagnosed and it is followed by with a percentage of 39,1% (2890) noromuscular and movement functions disorder diagnoses. |
Mostly seen report demands are about taking municipality services , taking disabled salary in the concept of law 2022, tax reduction and discharge of private consumption tax respectively. |
In our country with the year 2005 law on disabled people, regulations about disability rate and classiffication, creation of data base about disabled people; missing statistical datas and legal chaos partially decreased and there has been a start of parallelism with EU; but missings on field studies and practical problems are continuing. |
Child abuse and neglect, which is known to be as early as human history, has drawn society?s attention only for the last few centuries. |
Child abuse and neglect is defined as any kind of behaviour that impacts child growth and development adversely. |
In this retrospectively implemented study, the hospital files of the 324 cases that were consulted to the our hospital by the reason of tumbling between the dates 01.01.2009 to 01.06.2011 and the forensic files of the 84 cases that were regarded as questionable by the emergency doctors and investigated by the forensic medicine, was examined. |
In this study, it was found that from the 324 cases 42,0 % was 0-1 age group, 32,4 % was 1-2 age group and 25,6 % was 2-3 age group. |