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Junel® Fe 24 (norethindrone acetate and ethinyl estradiol tablets and ferrous fumarate tablets) is indicated for use by women to prevent pregnancy [see Clinical Studies (14)]. The efficacy of Junel Fe 24 in women with a body mass index (BMI) of >35 kg/m2 has not been evaluated.

Juvederm is a family of injectable hyaluronic acid dermal fillers used to provide 9 months to one year of correction for moderate to severe facial wrinkles and folds, such as nasolabial folds (lines from the nose to the corners of the mouth). It is also used for lip augmentation. Juvederm products are a smooth consistency gel, compared to some hyaluronic gel products that have a granular consistency. Juvederm products are developed using the Hylacross technology to allow a smoother, malleable gel. Hyaluronic acid is a naturally occurring sugar found in the body. Hyaluronic acid works by holding in water at the injection site and acting as a cushioning agent. It adds temporary volume and a smoother appearance to skin. Most patients need more than one treatment to achieve optimal results. Juvederm XC products also contain the local anesthetic lidocaine for a more comfortable injection as this numbs the treatment area within seconds. The Juvederm Ultra XC products contain more highly cross-linked formulations for volumizing and correction of deeper folds and wrinkles. The Juvederm range of products are designed to meet specific needs depending on the area of the face being treated and increase in volume required.

Methotrexate tablet is used alone or together with other medicines to treat several types of cancer, such as breast, head and neck, lung, blood (eg, acute lymphoblastic leukemia or ALL), bone, lymph node (eg, mycosis fungoides, relapsed or refractory non-Hodgkin lymphoma), or uterus cancer. It is also used to treat rheumatoid arthritis, severe psoriasis (a skin disease), lupus, multiple sclerosis, and polyarticular juvenile idiopathic arthritis (pJIA). Methotrexate oral solution is used together with other medicines to treat acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), or relapsed or refractory non-Hodgkin lymphoma. It is also used alone or together with other medicines to treat mycosis fungoides. This medicine is also used to treat rheumatoid arthritis and severe psoriasis (a skin disease), and help manage polyarticular juvenile idiopathic arthritis (pJIA) in children who had other treatments that did not work well. Methotrexate belongs to the group of medicines known as antineoplastics (cancer medicines). It blocks an enzyme that is needed by cells to live. This interferes with the growth of cancer cells, which are eventually destroyed by the body. This medicine is available only with your doctor's prescription.

Jynarque is used to slow the decline in kidney function in adults who have autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease. Jynarque is available only under a special program. You must be registered in the program and understand the risks and benefits of Jynarque. Samsca is used to treat adults with hyponatremia (low levels of sodium in your blood) in people with heart failure, and certain hormonal imbalances. Jynarque may also be used for purposes not listed in this medication guide.

K-Dur tablets contain potassium chloride, a mineral that is found in many foods and is needed for several functions of your body, especially the beating of your heart. K-Dur is used to prevent or to treat low blood levels of potassium (hypokalemia). Potassium levels can be low as a result of a disease or from taking certain medicines, or after a prolonged illness with diarrhea or vomiting. K-Dur may also be used for purposes not listed in this medication guide.

K-TAB is indicated for the treatment and prophylaxis of hypokalemia with or without metabolic alkalosis, in patients for whom dietary management with potassium-rich foods or diuretic dose reduction is insufficient.

Kadcyla is a cancer medicine that interferes with the growth and spread of cancer cells in the body. Kadcyla is used to treat HER2-positive breast cancer. Kadcyla is used both for early breast cancer and for breast cancer that has spread to other parts of the body (metastatic). Kadcyla is usually given after other cancer medications have been tried without success. Kadcyla should not be used in place of Herceptin (trastuzumab).

Kalbitor is used to treat attacks of hereditary angioedema (an immune system disorder). This medicine is for use in adults and children at least 12 years old. Kalbitor is not a cure for hereditary angioedema. Kalbitor may also be used for other purposes not listed in this medication guide.

Kanamycin injection is used to treat serious bacterial infections in many different parts of the body. This medicine is for short-term use only (usually 7 to 10 days). Kanamycin belongs to the class of medicines known as aminoglycoside antibiotics. It works by killing bacteria or preventing their growth. However, this medicine will not work for colds, flu, or other virus infections. Kanamycin injection is usually used for serious bacterial infections for which other medicines may not work. However, it may also cause some serious side effects, including damage to your hearing, sense of balance, and kidneys. These side effects may be more likely to occur in elderly patients and newborn infants. You and your doctor should talk about the benefit of this medicine as the risks. This medicine is to be administered only by or under the immediate supervision of your doctor.

Kaopectate relieves diarrhea, travelers' diarrhea, nausea, heartburn, indigestion, gas, or upset stomach. Kaopectate may also be used for purposes not listed in this medication guide.

Kapvay is a prescription medicine supplied as an extended-release tablet and is used to treat attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Your doctor may prescribe Kapvay alone or together with certain other ADHD medicines. Kapvay is not a central nervous system (CNS) stimulant. Kapvay should be used as part of a total treatment program for ADHD that may include counseling or other therapies.

Kava may help lower anxiety in some people.

Kayexalate binds itself to potassium in your digestive tract. This helps prevent your body from absorbing too much potassium. Kayexalate is used to treat high levels of potassium in the blood, also called hyperkalemia. Kayexalate works differently from other medicines because it passes into your intestines without being absorbed into your blood stream. Kayexalate may also be used for purposes not listed in this medication guide.

Keflex is a cephalosporin (SEF a low spor in) antibiotic. It works by fighting bacteria in your body. Keflex is used to treat infections caused by bacteria, including upper respiratory infections, ear infections, skin infections, urinary tract infections and bone infections. Keflex is used to treat infections in adults and children who are at least 1 year old.

Kenalog contains triamcinolone, a potent corticosteroid. Triamcinolone reduces the actions of chemicals in the body that cause inflammation. Kenalog topical is used to treat the inflammation caused by a number of conditions such as allergic reactions, eczema, and psoriasis. The dental paste form of triamcinolone (Kenalog Orabase) is used to treat mouth ulcers. Kenalog topical may also be used for purposes not listed in this medication guide.

Kenalog-40 is a long-acting corticosteroid injection for intramuscular (into the muscle) or intra-articular (into the joints) use. It may be used to treat many different types of inflammatory conditions, including severe allergic reactions, skin disorders (including those caused by autoimmune disorders), severe colitis, inflammation of the joints or tendons, blood cell disorders, inflammatory eye disorders, lung disorders, and problems caused by low adrenal gland hormones. Kenalog-40 contains triamcinolone acetonide 40mg/mL. Kenalog-40 was FDA-approved on February 1, 1965.

Keppra is an anti-epileptic drug, also called an anticonvulsant. Keppra is a prescription medicine used to treat certain types of seizures in people with epilepsy, including partial onset seizures, myoclonic seizures, and tonic-clonic seizures. When used for partial onset seizures: Keppra is also used with other seizure medications to treat tonic-clonic seizures in people who are at least 6 years old, and myoclonic seizures in people at least 12 years old. Keppra injection is used only as an alternative for patients when oral use is temporarily not possible.

Levetiracetam is used alone or together with other medicines to help control certain types of seizures (eg, partial seizures, myoclonic seizures, or tonic-clonic seizures) in the treatment of epilepsy. This medicine cannot cure epilepsy and will only work to control seizures for as long as you continue to use it. This medicine is available only with your doctor's prescription.

Salicylic acid is a keratolytic (peeling agent). Salicylic acid causes shedding of the outer layer of skin. Urea is an emollient (skin softening agent). Urea helps to moisturize the skin. The combination of salicylic acid and urea topical (for the skin) is used to soften and remove rough, scaly skin caused by warts, calluses, keratosis, or psoriasis. Kerasal may also be used for purposes not listed in this medication guide.

Kerendia (finerenone) is a  FDA approved tablet taken once a day by adults who have chronic kidney disease from type 2 diabetes.  Kerendia is used to slow down kidney damage, and also to reduce the risk of kidney failure, cardiovascular death, heart attack and being hospitalized for heart failure. Kerendia is from the class of meds called mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists. Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is when your kidneys are not working properly and they work less effectively over time. Having type 2 diabetes increases your chances of having chronic kidney disease. Often type 2 diabetics do not have any symptoms in the early stages of CKD and they might not realize they have it until it is advanced and they may need to have dialysis or kidney transplant to survive. If you have diabetes it is important to get your kidneys checked regularly by having a blood and urine test, if you have signs of reduced kidney function or the start of CKD early treatment can help prevent you having extra health problems.  When you have CKD you have health problems from fluid, electrolytes (minerals required for many bodily processes), and waste building up in the body. If you have CKD you are also at high risk of heart disease.

Kesimpta (ofatumumab) is a FDA approved medicine used to slow the progression and risk of relapses for specific forms of relapsing multiple sclerosis (MS). It is a once a month injection given under the skin (subcutaneously) that you can self-administer in your own home. Kesimpta is from the group of medicines called CD20 monoclonal antibodies that targets B-cell antigens. Sometimes they are called B-cell therapy or B-cell depletion therapy. Kesimpta works by binding to and decreasing B-cells. This medicine will not cure MS, but is used to slow its progression and reduce relapse rate.

Ketalar is used to put you to sleep for surgery and to prevent pain and discomfort during certain medical tests or procedures. Ketalar may also be used for purposes not listed in this medication guide.

Ketamine is an anesthetic used to put you to sleep for surgery and to prevent pain and discomfort; Ketamine for depression and anxiety is currently being researched, using lower doses. Ketamine is also a drug of abuse that is used illegally recreationally for its hallucinogenic properties and is known to be a “date rape” drug as it causes short-term memory loss. When used for anesthesia, ketamine is given as an intravenous injection (IV) or as an intramuscular injection (IM). Ketamine is an NMDA receptor antagonist. Esketamine (Spravato), one of the forms of racemic ketamine, was approved in 2019 for specific types of depression. Spravato is a nasal spray that is used under strict medical supervision and is not used by patients at home. Ketamine became an FDA-approved medicine on February 19, 1970, as a general anesthetic to be used as the sole anesthetic agent for diagnostic and surgical procedures that do not require skeletal muscle relaxation. It is also used for the induction of anesthesia prior to the administration of other general anesthetic agents and as a supplement to other anesthetic agents.

Ketoconazole is an antifungal medication that is used to treat certain infections caused by fungus. ketoconazole should be used only when you cannot use other antifungal medications. Ketoconazole can cause serious harm to your liver that may result in liver transplant or cause death. Ketoconazole is not for use in treating fungal infections of the fingernails or toenails. This medicine is also not for use in treating prostate cancer or Cushing syndrome. Ketoconazole may also be used for purposes not listed in this medication guide.

Ketoconazole shampoo, 2%, is indicated for the treatment of tinea (pityriasis) versicolor caused by or presumed to be caused by Pityrosporum orbiculare (also known as Malassezia furfur or M. orbiculare). Note: Tinea (pityriasis) versicolor may give rise to hyperpigmented or hypopigmented patches on the trunk which may extend to the neck, arms and upper thighs. Treatment of the infection may not immediately result in normalization of pigment to the affected sites. Normalization of pigment following successful therapy is variable and may take months, depending on individual skin type and incidental sun exposure. Although tinea versicolor is not contagious, it may recur because the organism that causes the disease is part of the normal skin flora.

Ketoconazole topical (for the skin) is an antifungal medicine used to treat infections such as athlete's foot, jock itch, ringworm, and seborrhea (dry, flaking skin or dandruff). Ketoconazole topical is also used to treat a fungal infection called pityriasis, which causes scaly discolored patches on the skin of the neck, chest, arms, or legs. Ketoconazole topical may also be used for purposes not listed in this medication guide.

Ketoprofen is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) that is used to treat signs and symptoms caused by certain types of arthritis and for short-term pain relief. Ketoprofen immediate-release capsule can also be used to treat menstrual pain. Ketoprofen extended-release capsule is only used for treating arthritis. This brand form of ketoprofen will not work fast enough to treat acute (immediate) pain. Ketoprofen may also be used for purposes not listed in this medication guide.

Carefully consider the potential benefits and risks of ketorolac tromethamine tablets and other treatment options before deciding to use ketorolac tromethamine tablets. Use the lowest effective dose for the shortest duration consistent with individual patient treatment goals. Ketorolac tromethamine tablets are indicated for the short-term (≤ 5 days) management of moderately severe acute pain that requires analgesia at the opioid level, usually in a postoperative setting. Therapy should always be initiated with IV or IM dosing of ketorolac tromethamine and ketorolac tromethamine tablets are to be used only as continuation treatment, if necessary. The total combined duration of use of ketorolac tromethamine tablets and ketorolac tromethamine is not to exceed 5 days of use because of the potential of increasing the frequency and severity of adverse reactions associated with the recommended doses (see WARNINGS, PRECAUTIONS, DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION, and ADVERSE REACTIONS). Patients should be switched to alternative analgesics as soon as possible, but ketorolac tromethamine tablet therapy is not to exceed 5 days.

Ketorolac is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) that works by reducing hormones that cause inflammation and pain in the body. Ketorolac ophthalmic (for the eye) is used to relieve eye itching caused by seasonal allergies. Ketorolac ophthalmic is also used to reduce swelling, pain, and burning or stinging after cataract surgery or corneal refractive surgery. Ketorolac ophthalmic may also be used for purposes not listed in this medication guide.

Carefully consider the potential benefits and risks of ketorolac tromethamine and other treatment options before deciding to use ketorolac. Use the lowest effective dose for the shortest duration consistent with individual patient treatment goals (see WARNINGS). Acute Pain in Adult Patients Ketorolac tromethamine is indicated for the short-term (≤5 days) management of moderately severe acute pain that requires analgesia at the opioid level, usually in a postoperative setting. Therapy should always be initiated with intravenous or intramuscular dosing of ketorolac tromethamine, and oral ketorolac tromethamine is to be used only as continuation treatment, if necessary. The total combined duration of use of ketorolac tromethamine injection and oral ketorolac tromethamine is not to exceed 5 days of use because of the potential of increasing the frequency and severity of adverse reactions associated with the recommended doses (see WARNINGS, PRECAUTIONS, DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION, and ADVERSE REACTIONS).Patients should be switched to alternative analgesics as soon as possible, but ketorolac tromethamine therapy is not to exceed 5 days.

Self-medication for temporary relief of ocular itching associated with allergic conjunctivitis (i.e., conjunctivitis due to pollen, grass, ragweed, or animal hair or dander).

Ketotifen ophthalmic (for the eyes) is used in adults and children at least 3 years old to temporarily treat itching of the eyes caused by allergy to dust, pollen, grass, animals, or other allergens. Ketotifen ophthalmic may also be used for purposes not listed in this medication guide.

Kevzara (sarilumab) is used to treat rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and polymyalgia rheumatica (PMR) in certain adults, and also active polyarticular juvenile idiopathic arthritis (pJIA) to help reduce pain, stiffness, swelling, and other symptoms.  Kevzara works by blocking the effects of a protein called interleukin-6 (IL-6), which is involved in causing inflammation, by blocking IL-6 reduces the inflammatory process and improves symptoms. Kevzara belongs to the class of medicines known as interleukin-6 receptor antagonists (also called IL-6 inhibitors) and is a type of biologic. Kevzara is often given after other medications have been tried without successful treatment of symptoms, depending on the condition being treated. It is sometimes given together with other arthritis medicines.

Keytruda (pembrolizumab) is a type of immunotherapy that is given by intravenous (into a vein) infusion over 30 minutes to treat many different types of cancer such as melanoma, lung cancer, and some lymphomas (see below for the full list of cancers Keytruda is approved for). It may be used alone or in combination with other medicines, including chemotherapy. Keytruda works by binding to and blocking the interaction of the PD-1 (programmed death receptor-1) receptor with other proteins including PD-L1 and PD-L2. An upregulation of the PD-1 receptors occurs in some cancers and signaling through this pathway prevents the T-cells in our immune system from finding and attacking cancer cells. Animal studies have found that blocking PD-1 receptors helps the immune system to slow or stop the growth and spread of cancer cells in the body. Keytruda belongs to the class of monoclonal antibodies called PD-1 blocking antibodies. Keytruda may be used to treat: Keytruda is only approved for certain types of cancer and may require a specific treatment history. In some cases, the tumor may need to be tested for particular genetic markers like PD-L1, dMMR, TMB, or pMMR to determine if Keytruda is right for you. Click here for more in-depth information on approved uses:  Keytruda prescribing Information. Keytruda is often given when the cancer has spread to other parts of the body, or cannot be treated with surgery or radiation, or when other cancer treatments did not work or have stopped working. Keytruda was first FDA-approved on September 4, 2014.

Kisqali is a cancer medicine that interferes with the growth and spread of cancer cells in the body. Kisqali is used to treat hormone-related breast cancer in women. Ribociclib is used only if your cancer tests negative for a protein called human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2). HER2 protein can speed the growth of cancer cells. Kisqali is used when the cancer has progressed or has spread to other parts of the body after other treatments. Kisqali is given in combination with another cancer medicine such as letrozole (Femara) or fulvestrant (Faslodex).

Klonopin is a benzodiazepine (ben-zoe-dye-AZE-eh-peen). It is thought that benzodiazepines work by enhancing the activity of certain neurotransmitters in the brain. Klonopin is used to treat certain seizure disorders (including absence seizures or Lennox-Gastaut syndrome) in adults and children. Klonopin is also used to treat panic disorder (including agoraphobia) in adults.

Klor-Con contains potassium chloride, a mineral that is found in many foods and is needed for several functions of your body, especially the beating of your heart. Klor-Con is used to prevent or to treat low blood levels of potassium (hypokalemia). Potassium levels can be low as a result of a disease or from taking certain medicines, or after a prolonged illness with diarrhea or vomiting. Klor-Con is available as effervescent tablets, extended release tablets, extended release capsules (sprinkle), and powder for oral solution.

Kombiglyze XR contains a combination of metformin and saxagliptin. Metformin and saxagliptin are oral diabetes medicines that help control blood sugar levels. Metformin works by decreasing glucose (sugar) production in the liver and decreasing absorption of glucose by the intestines. Saxagliptin works by regulating the levels of insulin your body produces after eating. Kombiglyze XR is used together with diet and exercise to improve blood sugar control in adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Kombiglyze XR is not for treating type 1 diabetes.

Korlym blocks the actions of a hormone called cortisol, which can reduce certain side effects caused by excess cortisol in the body. Korlym is used to treat high blood sugar (hyperglycemia) in adults with Cushing's syndrome who also have type 2 diabetes mellitus or glucose intolerance. Korlym should not be used to treat type 2 diabetes that is not related to Cushing's syndrome. Mifeprex is another brand of mifepristone that is not covered in this medication guide.

Kratom is a herbal substance that has a stimulant and opioid-like effect. Kratom stimulant effects include alertness, rapid heart rate, and increased energy. Kratom can also cause effects such as relaxation, confusion, and pain relief similar to opioids and sedatives effect. How kratom affects each person depends on how much is taken, its strength or concentration, how it is taken (capsules, powder, tea), and the person's medical conditions and drug-taking history. Kratom products are made from leaves from Mitragyna speciosa, a tree native to Southeast Asia. Kratom is usually taken as raw plant material either in a capsule, in powder form mixed into drinks or food, tea made with leaves, or as liquid kratom extract.Kratom’s common or street names are Thang, Krypton, Kakuam, Thom, Ketum, Biak-Biak (common name in Thailand), Mitragyna speciosa, mitragynine extract, biak-biak, cratom, gratom, ithang, kakuam, katawn, kedemba, ketum, krathom, krton, mambog, madat, Maeng da leaf, nauclea, Nauclea speciosa. In the US, kratom has been used as an alternative agent for muscle pain relief, diarrhea, and as a treatment for opiate addiction (such as prescription narcotics or heroin), and withdrawal. However, its safety and effectiveness for these conditions has not been clinically determined.

Krazati is a targeted therapy for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and colorectal cancer (CRC) with an abnormal KRAS G12C gene. Krazati reduces tumor growth by locking the KRAS protein so it is inactive. Krazati tablets are taken twice daily. The KRAS gene makes a protein that works like an on/off switch to control cell growth and cell death. An abnormal KRAS G12C gene it may cause cancer cells to grow and spread in the body. Krazati works by inhibiting KRAS G12C to help stop tumor growth. Krazati FDA approval was received on December 12, 2022, for specific patients with non-small cell lung cancer, and on June 21, 2024, it received FDA approval for colorectal cancer in certain patients.

Krill is a small crustacean with an appearance similar to shrimp. They are found in the colder waters of the ocean. Krill primarily serve as a food source for other animals in the ocean, for example - whales, seals, penguins, squid and fish. Krill is found in the oceans off of Antarctica, Canada, and Japan. Harvesting of krill is controversial. There is concern that commercial harvesting of Krill for use in Krill Oil supplements could threaten the species that consume it for food, including whales. All krill oil sold in nutritional supplements is harvested out of the open ocean, upsetting the natural balance of food supplies for larger marine animals. Commercial uses of Krill include salmon aquaculture farming, harvesting for use in Krill Oil capsules, as food for home aquariums, and as a human food source. Krill, known as Okiami has been harvested by the Japanese as a human food source since the 19th century, and is also consumed in South Korea and Taiwan. Krill has a pink or red appearance due to the plankton that they consume as a food source in the ocean.1

Kurvelo is used as contraception to prevent pregnancy. There are many brands and forms of Kurvelo available. Not all brands are listed on this leaflet. Kurvelo may also be used for purposes not listed in this medication guide.

Kyleena contains levonorgestrel, a female hormone that can cause changes in your cervical mucus and uterine lining, making it harder for sperm to reach the uterus and harder for a fertilized egg to attach to the uterus. The Kyleena levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine system is a small, flexible plastic T-shaped device containing 19.5 mg levonorgestrel. The Kyleena intrauterine device (IUD) is placed in the uterus where it slowly releases the hormone. Because the IUD releases levonorgestrel into your uterus, only small amounts of the hormone enter your blood. Kyleena does not contain estrogen and should not be used as emergency birth control. The Kyleena IUD is placed in your uterus by your healthcare provider to prevent pregnancy for up to 5 years. The IUD can be removed by your healthcare provider at any time. Kleena can be used whether or not you have given birth to a child. Two thin threads are attached to the stem (lower end) of Kyleena. The threads are the only part of Kyleena you can feel when the IUD is in your uterus; however, unlike a tampon string, the threads do not extend outside your body.

Kynmobi is a prescription medicine used to treat short-term (acute), intermittent “off” episodes in people with Parkinson's disease (PD). It is not known if this medicine is safe and effective in children.

Kyprolis (carfilzomib) is a treatment for types of multiple myeloma when other medicines have not worked or have stopped working. Kyprolis treatment helps slow the spread of cancer and cause cancer cells to die. Kyprolis treatment is given once or twice weekly as an IV infusion that takes 30 minutes. Kyprolis is from a class of medicines called proteasome inhibitors, which are targeted therapies for cancer. Kyprolis works by blocking proteasome, which normally breaks down damaged or unneeded proteins within cells. This means that more abnormal proteins build up in the cancer cells, which causes the cancer cells to die. Multiple myeloma is a cancer of plasma cells (a type of white blood cell). Kyprolis treats relapsed or refractory multiple myeloma. Kyprolis FDA approval was received on July 20, 2012.

Labetalol is a beta-blocker that is used to treat hypertension (high blood pressure). Labetalol oral is sometimes given with other blood pressure medications. Labetalol injection is used when hypertension is severe. Labetalol may also be used for purposes not listed in this medication guide.

Lacosamide tablets are indicated for the treatment of partial-onset seizures in patients 4 years of age and older. Lacosamide tablets are indicated as adjunctive therapy in the treatment of primary generalized tonic-clonic seizures in patients 4 years of age and older. Additional pediatric use information is approved for UCB, Inc.'s VIMPAT® (lacosamide) tablets. However, due to UCB, Inc.'s marketing exclusivity rights, this drug product is not labeled with that pediatric information.

Lactulose is used to treat chronic constipation. Lactulose is sometimes used to treat or prevent certain conditions of the brain that are caused by liver failure. These conditions can lead to confusion, problems with memory or thinking, behavior changes, tremors, feeling irritable, sleep problems, loss of coordination, and loss of consciousness. Lactulose may also be used for purposes not listed in this medication guide.

Lamictal is an anti-epileptic medication, also called an anticonvulsant. Lamictal is used alone or with other medications to treat epileptic seizures in adults and children. Lamictal is also used to delay mood episodes in adults with bipolar disorder (manic depression). Immediate-release Lamictal can be used in children as young as 2 years old for seizure treatment as an add-on treatment to other seizure medication. However, this form should not be used as a single medication in a child or teenager who is younger than 16 years old. Extended-release Lamictal XR is for use only in adults and children who are at least 13 years old.

Lamotrigine is an anti-epileptic medication, also called an anticonvulsant. Lamotrigine is used alone or with other medications to treat epileptic seizures in adults and children. Lamotrigine is also used to delay mood episodes in adults with bipolar disorder (manic depression). Immediate-release lamotrigine can be used in children as young as 2 years old when it is given as part of a combination of seizure medications. However, this form should not be used as a single medication in a child or teenager who is younger than 16 years old. Extended-release lamotrigine is for use only in adults and children who are at least 13 years old. Lamotrigine may also be used for purposes not listed in this medication guide.

Lanadelumab (Takhzyro) is used to prevent hereditary angioedema (HAE), lanadelumab helps to reduce the number and severity of hereditary angioedema attacks. Lanadelumab works by lowering the activity of a protein called kallikrein which helps to prevent the swelling and related symptoms of HAE. Lanadelumab is usually given every two weeks as an injection under the skin using a ready-to-use, prefilled syringe. The dose depends on age and can change to every 4 weeks if symptoms have improved. Hereditary angioedema is a rare condition that causes rapid attacks of swelling in areas under the skin around the face, arms, legs, and also the throat, which can be life-threatening if it blocks off the airways. People with hereditary angioedema have high levels of a protein called bradykinin, which makes fluid leak fluid into the surrounding tissue, causing swelling attacks.  Lanadelumab-flyo works by blocking another protein in the blood called 'kallikrein', which in turn reduces the level of bradykinin, which helps to prevent the swelling and symptoms of angioedema. Lanadelumab approval by the FDA was originally on February 3, 2023, and it is now approved to prevent attacks of hereditary angioedema (HAE) in adult and pediatric patients 2 years and older. FDA approval was supported by data from HELP Study, the  HELP OLE Study and the Phase 3 SPRING Study (NCT SHP643-301). Lanadelumab is a plasma kallikrein inhibitor (monoclonal antibody).

Lansoprazole is a proton pump inhibitor. Lansoprazole decreases the amount of acid produced in the stomach. Lansoprazole is used to treat and prevent stomach and intestinal ulcers, erosive esophagitis (damage to the esophagus from stomach acid), and other conditions involving excessive stomach acid such as Zollinger-Ellison syndrome. Over-the-counter lansoprazole (Prevacid OTC) is used to treat frequent heartburn that happens 2 or more days per week. This medicine is not for the immediate relief of heartburn symptoms.

Lantus is a man-made form of a hormone (insulin) that is produced in the body. Insulin is a hormone that works by lowering levels of glucose (sugar) in the blood. Insulin glargine is a long-acting insulin that starts to work several hours after injection and keeps working evenly for 24 hours. Lantus is used to improve blood sugar control in adults and children with diabetes mellitus. Lantus is for use in adults with type 1 or type 2 diabetes, and in children at least 6 years old with type 1 diabetes. For type 1 diabetes, Lantus is used together with a short-acting insulin given before meals. Some brands of insulin glargine are for use only in adults. Carefully follow all instructions for the brand of insulin glargine you are using.

Lasix is a loop diuretic (water pill) that prevents your body from absorbing too much salt, causing it to be passed in your urine. Lasix treats fluid retention (edema) in people with congestive heart failure, liver disease, or kidney disorders such as nephrotic syndrome. Lasix is also used to treat high blood pressure (hypertension).

Latanoprost eye drops is used to treat certain kinds of glaucoma. It is also used to treat a condition called hypertension of the eyealone or together with other medicines to lower pressure inside the eye that is caused by open-angle glaucoma or ocular (eye) hypertension. Latanoprost appears to work by increasing the outflow of fluid from the eye. This lowers the pressure in the eye. This medicine is available only with your doctor's prescription.

Latuda is an antipsychotic medicine. It works by changing the effects of chemicals in the brain. Latuda is used to treat schizophrenia in adults and teenagers who are at least 13 years old. Latuda is also used to treat episodes of depression associated with bipolar disorder (bipolar depression) in adults and children who are at least 10 years old.

Leflunomide affects the immune system and reduces swelling and inflammation in the body. Leflunomide is used to treat the symptoms of rheumatoid arthritis. Leflunomide may also be used for purposes not listed in this medication guide.

Lenvatinib is a kinase inhibitor used to treat certain types of cancer. Kinase inhibitors are enzyme inhibitors that blocks the action of one or more protein kinases. Lenvatinib is used to treat thyroid cancer. It is usually given after radioactive iodine has been tried without success. Lenvatinib is used together with everolimus (Afinitor) to treat advanced kidney cancer when other medicines have not been effective. Lenvatinib is used together with pembrolizumab (Keytruda) to treat a certain type of endometrial cancer (a type of uterine cancer) that has progressed and cannot be removed with surgery or radiation. Lenvatinib is also used to treat liver cancer that cannot be removed with surgery.

Lenvima is a kinase inhibitor used to treat certain types of cancer. Kinase inhibitors are enzyme inhibitors that blocks the action of one or more protein kinases which interferes with the growth and spread of cancer cells in the body. Lenvima is used to treat thyroid cancer. It is usually given after radioactive iodine has been tried without success. Lenvima is used together with everolimus (Afinitor) to treat advanced kidney cancer in people who have received one treatment course with another cancer medicine. Lenvima is used together with pembrolizumab (Keytruda) to treat advanced kidney cancer that has spread to other parts of the body (metastatic), or cannot be removed with surgery. Lenvima is also used together with Keytruda to treat a certain type of endometrial cancer (a type of uterine cancer) that has progressed and cannot be removed with surgery or radiation. Lenvima is also used to treat liver cancer that cannot be removed with surgery.

Leqembi (lecanemab-irmb) is used for Alzheimer’s disease to slow disease progression in patients who are at the stage of mild cognitive impairment or mild dementia, and also have a buildup of amyloid beta plaques in their brain. Leqembi works by reducing amyloid beta plaques in the brain and so slows the progression of Alzheimer’s disease. Leqembi helps control Alzheimer’s disease but does not cure it. Leqembi (lecanemab-irmb) is from a class of medications called monoclonal antibodies. Alzheimer’s disease is a type of dementia that affects memory, thinking, and behavior, which can eventually grow severe enough to interfere with daily tasks. One of the causes of Alzheimer’s disease is thought to be plaques of beta-amyloid that accumulate in the brain and damage nerve cells which results in the symptoms of Alzheimer’s. Leqembi reduces amyloid beta plaques, and so slows the decline of Alzheimer’s Disease. Leqembi was originally FDA-approved on January 6, 2023, under the Accelerated Approval Pathway. On July 06, 2023, the FDA granted Leqembi traditional approval.

Letrozole lowers estrogen levels in postmenopausal women, which may slow the growth of certain types of breast tumors that need estrogen to grow in the body. Letrozole is used to treat breast cancer in postmenopausal women. It is often given to women who have been taking tamoxifen (Nolvadex, Soltamox) for 5 years. Letrozole may also be used for purposes not listed in this medication guide.

Leukeran is used to treat several types of cancer, including Hodgkin's disease and certain types of leukemia or lymphoma. Leukeran may also be used for purposes not listed in this medication guide.

Leuprolide injection (Eligard, Lupron Depot) is used to treat the symptoms associated with advanced prostate cancer. Leuprolide injection (Lupron Depot-PED, Fensolvi) is used in children 2 years of age or older to treat central precocious puberty (CPP; a condition causing girls [usually younger than 8 years of age] and boys [usually younger than 9 years of age] to enter puberty too soon, resulting in faster than normal bone growth and development of sexual characteristics). Leuprolide injection (Lupron Depot) is used alone or with another medication (norethindrone) to treat endometriosis (a condition in which the type of tissue that lines the uterus [womb] grows in other areas of the body and causes pain, heavy or irregular menstruation [periods], and other symptoms). Leuprolide injection (Lupron Depot) is also used with other medication to treat anemia (a lower than normal number of red blood cells) caused by uterine fibroids (noncancerous growths in the uterus). Leuprolide belongs to a class of medications called gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) agonists. It works by decreasing the amount of certain hormones in the body.

Levaquin is a fluoroquinolone (flor-o-KWIN-o-lone) antibiotic that fights bacteria in the body. Levaquin is used to treat different types of bacterial infections. Levofloxacin is also used to treat people who have been exposed to anthrax or certain types of plague. Fluoroquinolone antibiotics can cause serious or disabling side effects. Levaquin should be used only for infections that cannot be treated with a safer antibiotic.

Levemir is a man-made form of insulin, a hormone that is produced in the body. Insulin works by lowering levels of glucose (sugar) in the blood. Levemir is a long-acting insulin that starts to work several hours after injection and keeps working evenly for up to 24 hours. Levemir is used to improve blood sugar control in people with diabetes mellitus. This medicine is for use in adults and children at least 2 years old.

Levetiracetam tablets are indicated for the treatment of partial-onset seizures in patients 1 month of age and older. Levetiracetam tablets are indicated as adjunctive therapy for the treatment of myoclonic seizures in patients 12 years of age and older with juvenile myoclonic epilepsy. Levetiracetam tablets are indicated as adjunctive therapy for the treatment of primary generalized tonic-clonic seizures in patients 6 years of age and older with idiopathic generalized epilepsy.

Levocetirizine is an antihistamine that may be used to reduce allergy symptoms such as red, itchy, or watery eyes; a runny nose; sneezing; rashes; or reactions to insect bites or stings. Levocetirizine works by reducing the effects of a natural chemical in the body called histamine. Histamine can produce symptoms such as a runny nose or hives. Levocetirizine is used to treat symptoms of year-round (also called perennial) allergies in adults and children who are at least 6 months old. Levocetirizine is also used to treat itching and swelling caused by chronic (long-lasting) urticaria (hives) in adults and children who are at least 6 months old. Levocetirizine was FDA approved in 2007.

Levodopa inhalation is used to treat symptoms of Parkinson's disease that come back (OFF episodes) while you are taking another medicine called carbidopa and levodopa. Levodopa inhalation is not to be used in place of any medicine you take daily for Parkinson's disease. Levodopa inhalation may also be used for purposes not listed in this medication guide.

Levofloxacin is an antibiotic that that may be used to treat different types of bacterial infections. Levofloxacin may also be used to treat people who have been exposed to anthrax or certain types of plague. Levofloxacin is usually only used for bacterial infections that cannot be treated with safer antibiotics. This is because levofloxacin is a fluoroquinolone (flor-o-KWIN-o-lone) antibiotic and fluoroquinolone antibiotics can cause serious or disabling side effects. Levofloxacin was FDA approved in 1996.

Levonorgestrel tablets are a progestin-only emergency contraceptive indicated for prevention of pregnancy following unprotected intercourse or a known or suspected contraceptive failure. To obtain optimal efficacy, the first tablet should be taken as soon as possible within 72 hours of intercourse. The second tablet should be taken 12 hours later. Levonorgestrel tablets are available only by prescription for women younger than age 17 years, and available over the counter for women 17 years and older. Levonorgestrel tablets are not indicated for routine use as a contraceptive.

Levothyroxine is used in adults and children to treat hypothyroidism (underactive thyroid - a condition where the thyroid gland does not produce enough thyroid hormone). Levothyroxine is also used in adults along with surgery and radioactive iodine therapy to treat a certain type of thyroid cancer. Levothyroxine injection is used in adults to treat myxedema coma. Levothyroxine belongs to a class of medications called hormones. It works by replacing thyroid hormone that is normally produced by the body. Without thyroid hormone, your body cannot function properly, which may result in poor growth, slow speech, lack of energy, excessive tiredness, constipation, weight gain, hair loss, dry, thick skin, increased sensitivity to cold, joint and muscle pain, heavy or irregular menstrual periods, and depression. When taken correctly, levothyroxine reverses these symptoms.

Lexapro (escitalopram) is an antidepressant from the group of drugs called selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) and is used to treat certain types of depression and anxiety. It is not known how Lexapro works, but it is thought to block the reuptake of serotonin by nerves. This results in an increase in serotonin concentrations in the nerve synapse (the space between two nerves). Lexapro was FDA-approved on August 14, 2002.

Lexette foam is a super high potency, Class I corticosteroid foam that is applied to the skin to reduce inflammation and itching caused by plaque psoriasis in adults aged 18 years and older. Lexette contains halobetasol propionate 0.05%. The foam is applied as a thin layer to the affected areas of the skin for a maximum of 2 consecutive weeks. Lexette foam is flammable, and you should avoid heat, open flames, or smoking while using this product. The canister may explode if it gets too hot. Do not puncture or burn an empty canister. Lexette foam was FDA approved on May 24, 2018.

Lialda affects a substance in the body that causes inflammation, tissue damage, and diarrhea. Lialda is used to treat mild to moderate active ulcerative colitis in adults and children who weight at least 24kg. Lialda is also used in adults as a maintenance treatment to prevent the symptoms of ulcerative colitis from recurring.

Fluocinonide topical is used to help relieve redness, itching, swelling, or other discomfort caused by skin conditions. This medicine is a corticosteroid (cortisone-like medicine or steroid). This medicine is available only with your doctor's prescription.

Lidocaine hydrochloride injection is indicated for production of local or regional anesthesia by infiltration techniques, such as percutaneous injection, and by peripheral nerve block techniques such as brachial plexus and intercostal, when the accepted procedures for these techniques as described in standard textbooks are observed.

Liletta (levonorgestrel) is an intrauterine device (IUD) used to prevent pregnancy and also to treat heavy periods (menstrual bleeding).  Liletta is an IUD which is a small, flexible, T-shaped plastic device that is placed in the uterus, where it slowly releases the hormone levonorgestrel.   The Liletta IUD works to prevent pregnancy by thickening the mucus at the entrance to the uterus to prevent sperm from entering, thinning the lining of the uterus, and preventing sperm from moving and surviving in the uterus. Liletta works to treat heavy periods by levonorgestrel effect on the uterus. Liletta works to treat heavy periods by controlling the monthly development of the uterus lining so there is less bleeding each month. Liletta contains levonorgestrel which is a progestin hormone; it does not contain estrogen. It should not be used as emergency birth control and does not protect you from sexually transmitted infections or human immunodeficiency virus (HIV).

Treatment of community-acquired pneumonia (CAP), including infections associated with concurrent bacteremia, caused by susceptible Streptococcus pneumoniae. Treatment of CAP caused by susceptible Staphylococcus aureus (methicillin-susceptible [oxacillin-susceptible] strains only). Also recommended for treatment of CAP caused by methicillin-resistant S. aureus† [off-label] (MRSA; also known as oxacillin-resistant S. aureus or ORSA). Treatment of nosocomial pneumonia caused by susceptible S. aureus (including MRSA) or S. pneumoniae. Not indicated for treatment of respiratory tract infections caused by gram-negative bacteria. It is imperative that an anti-infective active against gram-negative bacteria be used concomitantly if documented or presumed pathogens include gram-negative bacteria. For information regarding treatment of pneumonia, consult current IDSA clinical practice guidelines available at [Web]. Treatment of uncomplicated skin and skin structure infections caused by susceptible S. aureus (methicillin-susceptible [oxacillin-susceptible] strains only) or S. pyogenes (group A β-hemolytic streptococci, GAS). Treatment of complicated skin and skin structure infections (including diabetic foot infections), without concurrent osteomyelitis, caused by susceptible S. aureus (including MRSA), S. pyogenes, or S. agalactiae (group B streptococci, GBS). Not evaluated for use in the treatment of decubitus ulcers. Not indicated for treatment of skin and skin structure infections caused by gram-negative bacteria. It is imperative that an anti-infective active against gram-negative bacteria be used concomitantly if the documented or presumed pathogens include gram-negative bacteria. For information regarding treatment of skin and skin structure infections, consult current IDSA clinical practice guidelines available at [Web]. Treatment of infections caused by susceptible vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium, including infections associated with concurrent bacteremia. Has been used for treatment of native valve or prosthetic valve infective endocarditis† [off-label] caused by vancomycin-resistant or multidrug-resistant E. faecium. AHA recommends that patients with infective endocarditis attributable to enterococci resistant to penicillins, aminoglycosides, and vancomycin be managed by a team of specialists in infectious disease, cardiology, cardiovascular surgery, clinical pharmacy, and, if necessary, pediatrics. For information on diagnosis and management of infective endocarditis and its complications, including anti-infective treatment of enterococcal endocarditis, consult current AHA guidelines available at [Web]. Used in multiple-drug regimens for treatment of multidrug-resistant (MDR) tuberculosis† [off-label] caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (i.e., caused by M. tuberculosis resistant to isoniazid and rifampin). ATS, CDC, and IDSA state that linezolid is one of various options that can be considered for inclusion in multiple-drug regimens used for treatment of MDR tuberculosis. WHO recommends that linezolid be included in multiple-drug regimens used for longer-term treatment (≥18 months) of multidrug- or rifampin-resistant (MDR/RR) tuberculosis. Used in a 3-drug combination regimen that includes bedaquiline and pretomanid for treatment of extensively drug resistant (XDR) pulmonary tuberculosis (i.e., caused by M. tuberculosis resistant to isoniazid, rifampin, any fluoroquinolone, and at least one injectable antituberculosis agent) or treatment-intolerant or non-responsive MDR pulmonary tuberculosis. WHO states that the 3-drug regimen of pretomanid, bedaquiline, and linezolid (also known as BPaL) may be used for treatment of MDR tuberculosis in patients who have not previously received either bedaquiline or linezolid (or received the drugs for ≤2 weeks) and have documented evidence that the MDR strain also is resistant to a fluoroquinolone. Patients with MDR or XDR tuberculosis are at high risk for treatment failure and acquisition of further drug resistance. ATS, CDC, and IDSA recommend that such patients be referred to or that consultation be obtained from a specialized treatment center as identified by local or state health departments or the CDC. For additional information on treatment of MDR and XDR tuberculosis, consult current guidelines from ATS/CDC/IDSA and WHO.

Linzess is a prescription medicine used to treat irritable bowel syndrome with constipation (IBS-C) and chronic idiopathic constipation (CIC) in adults. Linzess is also used to treat functional constipation (FC) in children and adolescents 6 to 17 years of age. Linzess contains linaclotide which belongs to the class of drugs called guanylate cyclase-C agonists. The guanylate cyclase type-C (GC-C) receptor is located on the luminal surface of the intestine. Linaclotide works to treat IBS-C, CIC, and FC by stimulating the GC-C receptor to increase fluid secretion, which softens stools and stimulates bowel movements.

Liothyronine is a man-made form of a hormone that is normally produced by your thyroid gland to regulate the body's energy and metabolism. Liothyronine is given when the thyroid does not produce enough of this hormone on its own. Liothyronine treats hypothyroidism (low thyroid hormone). Liothyronine is also given as part of a medical test for thyroid disorders. Liothyronine is also used together with surgery and radioactive iodine therapy in people with thyroid cancer. Liothyronine should not be used to treat obesity or weight problems. Liothyronine may also be used for purposes not listed in this medication guide.

Lipitor is used together with diet, weight loss, and exercise to reduce the risk of heart attack and stroke and to decrease the chance that heart surgery will be needed in people who have heart disease or who are at risk of developing heart disease. Lipitor is also used to lower the amount of fatty substances such as low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol ('bad cholesterol') and triglycerides in the blood and to increase the amount of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol ('good cholesterol') in the blood. Lipitor may also be used to decrease the amount of cholesterol and other fatty substances in the blood in children and teenagers 10 to 17 years of age who have familial heterozygous hypercholesterolemia (an inherited condition in which cholesterol cannot be removed from the body normally). Lipitor (atorvastatin) belongs to a class of medications called HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors (statins). It works by slowing the production of cholesterol in the body to decrease the amount of cholesterol that may build up on the walls of the arteries and block blood flow to the heart, brain, and other parts of the body. Accumulation of cholesterol and fats along the walls of your arteries (a process known as atherosclerosis) decreases blood flow and, therefore, the oxygen supply to your heart, brain, and other parts of your body. Lowering your blood level of cholesterol and fats with Lipitor has been shown to prevent heart disease, angina (chest pain), strokes, and heart attacks.

Lisdexamfetamine is a central nervous system stimulant. It affects chemicals in the brain and nerves that contribute to hyperactivity and impulse control. Lisdexamfetamine is used to treat attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in adults and in children who are at least 6 years old. Lisdexamfetamine is also used to treat moderate to severe binge eating disorder in adults. lisdexamfetamine is not to be used for obesity or weight loss. Lisdexamfetamine may also be used for purposes not listed in this medication guide.

Lisinopril is used alone or in combination with other medications to treat high blood pressure in adults and children 6 years of age and older. Lisinopril is also used in adults to treat congestive heart failure and to improve survival after a heart attack. Lisinopril belongs to a class of medications called angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors. It works by decreasing certain chemicals that tighten the blood vessels, so blood flows more smoothly and the heart can pump blood more efficiently. High blood pressure is a common condition and when not treated, can cause damage to the brain, heart, blood vessels, kidneys, and other parts of the body. Damage to these organs may cause heart disease, a heart attack, heart failure, stroke, kidney failure, loss of vision, and other problems. In addition to taking medication, making lifestyle changes will also help to control your blood pressure. These changes include eating a diet that is low in fat and salt, maintaining a healthy weight, exercising at least 30 minutes most days, not smoking, and using alcohol in moderation.

Lithium affects the flow of sodium through nerve and muscle cells in the body. Sodium affects excitation or mania. Lithium a mood stabilizer that is a used to treat or control the manic episodes of bipolar disorder (manic depression). Manic symptoms include hyperactivity, rushed speech, poor judgment, reduced need for sleep, aggression, and anger. Lithium also helps to prevent or lessen the intensity of manic episodes. Lithium is for use in adults and children at least 7 years old.

Lo Loestrin Fe is a low-dose combination birth control pill (oral contraceptive) containing two different female hormones. It helps to prevent pregnancy. Lo Loestrin Fe contains an estrogen called ethinyl estradiol and a progestin called norethindrone acetate. Lo Loestrin Fe works primarily by suppressing ovulation, which is when an egg is release from one of your ovaries each month. Combined birth control pills, such as this one, also work by thickening the mucus at the neck of the uterus (womb). This makes it harder for sperm to get through and reach an egg. They also thin the lining of the uterus, which reduces the chances of a fertilized egg implanting and growing. Lo Loestrin Fe was approved for use by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in 2010. A generic version of Lo Loestrin Fe has not been approved.

Lofexidine works by blocking the release of norepinephrine, a hormone similar to adrenaline that contributes to opioid withdrawal symptoms. Lofexidine is a non-opioid prescription medicine used in adults to help with the symptoms of opioid withdrawal that may happen when you stop taking an opioid suddenly. Lofexidine will not completely prevent the symptoms of opioid withdrawal, which may include feeling sick, stomach cramps, muscle spasms or twitching, feeling of cold, heart pounding, muscular tension, aches and pains, yawning, runny eyes and sleep problems (insomnia). Lofexidine will not treat opioid addiction. If you have been diagnosed with opioid addiction, your healthcare provider may prescribe this medicine as part of a complete treatment program for your opioid use disorder.

Lokelma is used to treat hyperkalemia (high levels of potassium in the blood) in adults. Lokelma works directly in the intestines and is not absorbed into your bloodstream. Lokelma may also be used for purposes not listed in this medication guide.

Atropine affects the body in many different ways, such as reducing spasms in the bladder, stomach, and intestines. Diphenoxylate is an antidiarrheal medication. Lomotil is a combination medicine used to treat diarrhea in adults and children who are at least 13 years old. Lomotil may also be used for purposes not listed in this medication guide.

Loperamide may be used to treat diarrhea or to reduce the amount of stool (poop) in people who have an ileostomy (which is when a surgeon re-routes your bowel through a small opening in your torso). Loperamide works by acting on mu-opioid receptors in the gut to slow down the movement of the gut, which in turn, slows down contractions in the intestines. This allows more time for fluids and nutrients to be absorbed back into the body, which makes the stool less watery and decreases the number of times you go to the toilet. Loperamide was FDA approved in 1976 and is available on prescription and over the counter.

LOPRESSOR is indicated for the treatment of hypertension in adult patients, to lower blood pressure. Lowering blood pressure lowers the risk of fatal and non-fatal cardiovascular events, primarily strokes and myocardial infarctions. These benefits have been seen in controlled trials of antihypertensive drugs from a wide variety of pharmacologic classes including metoprolol. Control of high blood pressure should be part of comprehensive cardiovascular risk management, including, as appropriate, lipid control, diabetes management, antithrombotic therapy, smoking cessation, exercise, and limited sodium intake. Many patients will require more than 1 drug to achieve blood pressure goals. For specific advice on goals and management, see published guidelines, such as those of the National High Blood Pressure Education Program’s Joint National Committee on Prevention, Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Pressure (JNC). Numerous antihypertensive drugs, from a variety of pharmacologic classes and with different mechanisms of action, have been shown in randomized controlled trials to reduce cardiovascular morbidity and mortality, and it can be concluded that it is blood pressure reduction, and not some other pharmacologic property of the drugs, that is largely responsible for those benefits. The largest and most consistent cardiovascular outcome benefit has been a reduction in the risk of stroke, but reductions in myocardial infarction and cardiovascular mortality also have been seen regularly. Elevated systolic or diastolic pressure causes increased cardiovascular risk, and the absolute risk increase per mmHg is greater at higher blood pressures, so that even modest reductions of severe hypertension can provide substantial benefit. Relative risk reduction from blood pressure reduction is similar across populations with varying absolute risk, so the absolute benefit is greater in patients who are at higher risk independent of their hypertension (for example, patients with diabetes or hyperlipidemia), and such patients would be expected to benefit from more aggressive treatment to a lower blood pressure goal. Some antihypertensive drugs have smaller blood pressure effects (as monotherapy) in black patients, and many antihypertensive drugs have additional approved indications and effects (e.g., on angina, heart failure, or diabetic kidney disease). These considerations may guide selection of therapy. LOPRESSOR may be administered with other antihypertensive agents. LOPRESSOR is indicated in the long-term treatment of angina pectoris, to reduce angina attacks and to improve exercise tolerance. Lopressor tablets are indicated in the treatment of hemodynamically stable patients with definite or suspected acute myocardial infarction to reduce cardiovascular mortality when used alone or in conjunction with intravenous metoprolol.

Loratadine is an antihistamine that reduces the effects of natural chemical histamine in the body. Histamine can produce symptoms of sneezing, itching, watery eyes, and runny nose. Loratadine is used to treat sneezing, runny nose, watery eyes, hives, skin rash, hay fever, itching, and other cold or allergy symptoms. Loratadine is also used to treat skin hives and itching in people with chronic skin reactions

Lorazepam belongs to a class of medications called benzodiazepines. It is thought that benzodiazepines work by enhancing the activity of certain neurotransmitters in the brain. Lorazepam is used in adults and children at least 12 years old to treat anxiety disorders. Loreev XR extended-release capsules are used to treat anxiety disorders in adults only. Lorazepam is also used to treat insomnia caused by anxiety or temporary situational stress. Lorazepam is sometimes used to treat nausea and vomiting from cancer treatment and to control agitation caused by alcohol withdrawal.

Lorlatinib is a kinase inhibitor for oral administration used to treat cancer. A kinase inhibitor is an enzyme inhibitor that can block the action of protein kinases. Lorlatinib is used to treat a certain type of non-small cell lung cancer that has spread to other parts of the body. It is used only if your cancer has a specific genetic marker (an abnormal "ALK" gene). Your doctor will test you for this gene. Lorlatinib is given after other cancer treatments did not work or have stopped working. Lorlatinib was approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) on an "accelerated" basis. In clinical studies, some people responded to lorlatinib, but further studies are needed.

Losartan is used alone or in combination with other medications to treat high blood pressure in adults and children at least 6 years old. Losartan is also used to decrease the risk of stroke in people who have high blood pressure and a heart condition called left ventricular hypertrophy (enlargement of the walls of the left side of the heart). Losartan may not decrease the risk of stroke in African Americans who have these conditions. Losartan is also used to treat kidney disease in people who have type 2 diabetes (condition in which the body does not use insulin normally and therefore cannot control the amount of sugar in the blood) and high blood pressure. Losartan belongs to a class of medications called angiotensin II receptor antagonists. It works by blocking the action of certain natural substances that tighten the blood vessels, allowing the blood to flow more smoothly and the heart to pump more efficiently.

Lovastatin is used together with diet to lower blood levels of "bad" cholesterol (low-density lipoprotein, or LDL), to increase levels of "good" cholesterol (high-density lipoprotein, or HDL), and to lower triglycerides (a type of fat in the blood). Lovastatin is used to lower the risk of stroke, heart attack, and other heart complications in adults with diabetes, coronary heart disease, or other risk factors. Lovastatin may also be used for purposes not listed in this medication guide.

Lovenox is an anticoagulant that helps prevent the formation of blood clots. Lovenox is used to treat or prevent a type of blood clot called deep vein thrombosis (DVT), which can lead to blood clots in the lungs (pulmonary embolism). A DVT can occur after certain types of surgery, or in people who are bed-ridden due to a prolonged illness. Lovenox is also used to prevent blood vessel complications in people with certain types of angina (chest pain) or heart attack.

Lunesta is a sedative, also called a hypnotic. It affects chemicals in your brain that may be unbalanced in people with sleep problems (insomnia). Lunesta is used to treat insomnia. Lunesta causes relaxation to help you fall asleep and stay asleep.

Lupron Depot (leuprolide) is a man-made hormone that overstimulates the body's production of certain hormones, which activates a negative feedback mechanism that, within a few weeks, temporarily reduces the amount of testosterone or estradiol produced by the body. Lupron Depot may used in men to treat prostate cancer, and some forms may be used to treat female hormone-related problems such as endometriosis and uterine fibroids. Lupron Depot-Ped may be used to treat precocious (early-onset) puberty in both male and female children at least 2 years old. Lupron injection 14-day kit may be used to delay the release of eggs that will be retrieved for in vitro fertilization (IVF). Lupron Depot may also be used to treat other hormone-related conditions, off-label (off-label means not an FDA-approved use but a recognized use of the medicine). Lupron Depot-GYN and many other branded leuprolide products are no longer available commercially in the U.S., but generic options are available through several manufacturers. Initially, leuprolide works by stimulating gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) receptors, which, at the beginning causes a surge in FSH and LH because GnRH controls the secretion of these hormones. However chronic administration causes a downregulation of these receptors, reducing the release of FSH and LH, and subsequent suppression of ovarian and testicular production of estradiol and testosterone respectively. It belongs to the class of medicines known as gonadotrophin-releasing hormone agonists (GnRH agonists). Lupron was first FDA-approved in 1985.

Lurasidone is an antipsychotic medicine that is used to treat schizophrenia in adults and teenagers who are at least 13 years old. Lurasidone is also used to treat episodes of depression related to bipolar disorder (manic depression) in adults and children who are at least 10 years old. Lurasidone may also be used for purposes not listed in this medication guide.