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100 | 159 | 1 Combustion Engineering Inc. said third-quarter net income of $22.8 million, reversing a $91.7 million year-earlier loss.
2 The Stamford, Conn., power-generation products and services company said per-share earnings were 56 cents compared with the year-ago loss of $2.39.
3 Sales fell 1.5% to $884 million from $897.2 million.
4 Strong profit in the process industries, including chemical and pulp and paper, were offset by higher interest expense and by lower earnings as the company closed out certain long-term contracts.
5 Combustion reported improved profits in its automation and control products businesses, and it narrowed its losses in its public sector and environmental segment.
6 Power generation had higher sales but lower earnings; the company cited factors including work on certain low profit-margin contracts from previous years.
7 Net in the latest quarter included a pretax gain of $22.4 million from the sale of Combustion's minority interest in Stein Industrie to GEC Alsthom N.V. of the Netherlands.
8 Last year's results reflected a gain of $28.2 million on disposition of assets and a $165 million pretax provision mainly from costs of completing certain waste-to-energy and other power plants.
| 4 | Strong profit in the process industries , including chemical and pulp and paper , were offset by higher interest expense and by lower earnings as the company closed out certain long - term contracts . | certain | How much of the losses are attributed to the certain contracts?\n | 29 | 30 |
101 | 159 | 1 Combustion Engineering Inc. said third-quarter net income of $22.8 million, reversing a $91.7 million year-earlier loss.
2 The Stamford, Conn., power-generation products and services company said per-share earnings were 56 cents compared with the year-ago loss of $2.39.
3 Sales fell 1.5% to $884 million from $897.2 million.
4 Strong profit in the process industries, including chemical and pulp and paper, were offset by higher interest expense and by lower earnings as the company closed out certain long-term contracts.
5 Combustion reported improved profits in its automation and control products businesses, and it narrowed its losses in its public sector and environmental segment.
6 Power generation had higher sales but lower earnings; the company cited factors including work on certain low profit-margin contracts from previous years.
7 Net in the latest quarter included a pretax gain of $22.4 million from the sale of Combustion's minority interest in Stein Industrie to GEC Alsthom N.V. of the Netherlands.
8 Last year's results reflected a gain of $28.2 million on disposition of assets and a $165 million pretax provision mainly from costs of completing certain waste-to-energy and other power plants.
| 4 | Strong profit in the process industries , including chemical and pulp and paper , were offset by higher interest expense and by lower earnings as the company closed out certain long - term contracts . | contracts | Are these contracts that are off the books now, leading to expect hirer profit contracts will be the norm moving forward? | 33 | 34 |
102 | 159 | 1 Combustion Engineering Inc. said third-quarter net income of $22.8 million, reversing a $91.7 million year-earlier loss.
2 The Stamford, Conn., power-generation products and services company said per-share earnings were 56 cents compared with the year-ago loss of $2.39.
3 Sales fell 1.5% to $884 million from $897.2 million.
4 Strong profit in the process industries, including chemical and pulp and paper, were offset by higher interest expense and by lower earnings as the company closed out certain long-term contracts.
5 Combustion reported improved profits in its automation and control products businesses, and it narrowed its losses in its public sector and environmental segment.
6 Power generation had higher sales but lower earnings; the company cited factors including work on certain low profit-margin contracts from previous years.
7 Net in the latest quarter included a pretax gain of $22.4 million from the sale of Combustion's minority interest in Stein Industrie to GEC Alsthom N.V. of the Netherlands.
8 Last year's results reflected a gain of $28.2 million on disposition of assets and a $165 million pretax provision mainly from costs of completing certain waste-to-energy and other power plants.
| 4 | Strong profit in the process industries , including chemical and pulp and paper , were offset by higher interest expense and by lower earnings as the company closed out certain long - term contracts . | interest expense | what is interest expense? | 18 | 20 |
103 | 159 | 1 Combustion Engineering Inc. said third-quarter net income of $22.8 million, reversing a $91.7 million year-earlier loss.
2 The Stamford, Conn., power-generation products and services company said per-share earnings were 56 cents compared with the year-ago loss of $2.39.
3 Sales fell 1.5% to $884 million from $897.2 million.
4 Strong profit in the process industries, including chemical and pulp and paper, were offset by higher interest expense and by lower earnings as the company closed out certain long-term contracts.
5 Combustion reported improved profits in its automation and control products businesses, and it narrowed its losses in its public sector and environmental segment.
6 Power generation had higher sales but lower earnings; the company cited factors including work on certain low profit-margin contracts from previous years.
7 Net in the latest quarter included a pretax gain of $22.4 million from the sale of Combustion's minority interest in Stein Industrie to GEC Alsthom N.V. of the Netherlands.
8 Last year's results reflected a gain of $28.2 million on disposition of assets and a $165 million pretax provision mainly from costs of completing certain waste-to-energy and other power plants.
| 4 | Strong profit in the process industries , including chemical and pulp and paper , were offset by higher interest expense and by lower earnings as the company closed out certain long - term contracts . | certain long - term contracts | What contracts did they close? | 29 | 34 |
104 | 159 | 1 Combustion Engineering Inc. said third-quarter net income of $22.8 million, reversing a $91.7 million year-earlier loss.
2 The Stamford, Conn., power-generation products and services company said per-share earnings were 56 cents compared with the year-ago loss of $2.39.
3 Sales fell 1.5% to $884 million from $897.2 million.
4 Strong profit in the process industries, including chemical and pulp and paper, were offset by higher interest expense and by lower earnings as the company closed out certain long-term contracts.
5 Combustion reported improved profits in its automation and control products businesses, and it narrowed its losses in its public sector and environmental segment.
6 Power generation had higher sales but lower earnings; the company cited factors including work on certain low profit-margin contracts from previous years.
7 Net in the latest quarter included a pretax gain of $22.4 million from the sale of Combustion's minority interest in Stein Industrie to GEC Alsthom N.V. of the Netherlands.
8 Last year's results reflected a gain of $28.2 million on disposition of assets and a $165 million pretax provision mainly from costs of completing certain waste-to-energy and other power plants.
| 5 | Combustion reported improved profits in its automation and control products businesses , and it narrowed its losses in its public sector and environmental segment . | narrowed its losses | How did Combustion narrow its losses? | 14 | 17 |
105 | 160 | 1 If bluebloods won't pay high prices for racehorses anymore, who will?
2 Breeders are betting on the common folk.
3 The Thoroughbred Owners and Breeders Association, a Lexington, Ky.-based trade group, has launched 'seminars' for 'potential investors' at race tracks around the country.
4 The group, which has held half a dozen seminars so far, also is considering promotional videos and perhaps a pitch to Wall Street investment bankers.
5 'People in this business have been insulated,' says Josh Pons, a horse breeder from Bel Air, Md. 'But the real future of this game is in a number of people owning a few horses.'
6 At the Laurel race track, the breeders are romancing people like Tim Hulings, a beer packaging plant worker.
7 Right now, Mr. Hulings is waving his racing program, cheering for Karnak on the Nile, a sleek thoroughbred galloping down the home stretch.
8 Mr. Hulings gloats that he sold all his stocks a week before the market plummeted 190 points on Oct. 13, and he is using the money to help buy a 45-acre horse farm. 'Just imagine how exciting that would be if that's your horse,' he says.
9 But experts caution that this isn't a game for anyone with a weak stomach or wallet. 'It's a big-risk business,' warns Charles C. Mihalek, a Lexington attorney and former Kentucky state securities commissioner. 'You have to go into it firmly believing that it's the kind of investment where you can lose everything.'
10 And many have done just that.
11 Consider Spendthrift Farm, a prominent Lexington horse farm that went public in 1983 but hit hard times and filed for bankruptcy-court protection last year.
12 A group of investors recently bought the remaining assets of Spendthrift, hoping to rebuild it.
13 Other investors have lost millions in partnerships that bought thoroughbred racehorses or stallion breeding rights.
14 One big problem has been the thoroughbred racehorse market.
15 From 1974 to 1984, prices for the best yearlings at the summer sales rose 918% to an average of $544,681.
16 Since then, prices have slumped, to an average of $395,374 this summer.
17 But that's for the best horses, with most selling for much less -- as little as $100 for some pedestrian thoroughbreds.
18 Even while they move outside their traditional tony circle, racehorse owners still try to capitalize on the elan of the sport.
19 Glossy brochures circulated at racetracks gush about the limelight of the winner's circle and high-society schmoozing.
20 One handout promises: 'Pedigrees, parties, post times, parimutuels and pageantry.'
21 'It's just a matter of marketing and promoting ourselves,' says Headley Bell, a fifth-generation horse breeder from Lexington.
22 Maybe it's not that simple.
23 For starters, racehorse buyers have to remember the basic problem of such ventures: These beasts don't come with warranties.
24 And for every champion, there are plenty of nags.
25 Katherine Voss, a veteran trainer at the Laurel, Md., track, offers neophytes a sobering tour of a horse barn, noting that only three of about a dozen horses have won sizable purses.
26 One brown two-year-old filly was wheezing from a cold, while another had splints on its legs, keeping both animals from the racetrack. 'You can see the highs and lows of the business all under one roof,' she tells the group. 'There aren't too many winners.'
27 Perhaps the biggest hurdle owners face is convincing newcomers that this is a reputable business.
28 Some badly managed partnerships have burned investors, sometimes after they received advice from industry 'consultants.' So owners have developed a 'code of ethics,' outlining rules for consultants and agents, and disclosure of fees and any conflicts of interest.
29 But some are skeptical of the code's effectiveness. 'The industry is based on individual honesty,' says Cap Hershey, a Lexington horse farmer and one of the investors who bought Spendthrift.
30 Despite the drop in prices for thoroughbreds, owning one still isn't cheap.
31 At the low end, investors can spend $15,000 or more to own a racehorse in partnership with others.
32 At a yearling sale, a buyer can go solo and get a horse for a few thousand dollars.
33 But that means paying the horse's maintenance; on average, it costs $25,000 a year to raise a horse.
34 For those looking for something between a minority stake and total ownership, the owners' group is considering a special sale where established horse breeders would sell a 50% stake in horses to newcomers.
| 1 | If bluebloods won ' t pay high prices for racehorses anymore , who will ? | bluebloods won ' t pay high prices for racehorses | Why will bluebloods no longer pay high prices for racehorses? | 1 | 10 |
106 | 160 | 1 If bluebloods won't pay high prices for racehorses anymore, who will?
2 Breeders are betting on the common folk.
3 The Thoroughbred Owners and Breeders Association, a Lexington, Ky.-based trade group, has launched 'seminars' for 'potential investors' at race tracks around the country.
4 The group, which has held half a dozen seminars so far, also is considering promotional videos and perhaps a pitch to Wall Street investment bankers.
5 'People in this business have been insulated,' says Josh Pons, a horse breeder from Bel Air, Md. 'But the real future of this game is in a number of people owning a few horses.'
6 At the Laurel race track, the breeders are romancing people like Tim Hulings, a beer packaging plant worker.
7 Right now, Mr. Hulings is waving his racing program, cheering for Karnak on the Nile, a sleek thoroughbred galloping down the home stretch.
8 Mr. Hulings gloats that he sold all his stocks a week before the market plummeted 190 points on Oct. 13, and he is using the money to help buy a 45-acre horse farm. 'Just imagine how exciting that would be if that's your horse,' he says.
9 But experts caution that this isn't a game for anyone with a weak stomach or wallet. 'It's a big-risk business,' warns Charles C. Mihalek, a Lexington attorney and former Kentucky state securities commissioner. 'You have to go into it firmly believing that it's the kind of investment where you can lose everything.'
10 And many have done just that.
11 Consider Spendthrift Farm, a prominent Lexington horse farm that went public in 1983 but hit hard times and filed for bankruptcy-court protection last year.
12 A group of investors recently bought the remaining assets of Spendthrift, hoping to rebuild it.
13 Other investors have lost millions in partnerships that bought thoroughbred racehorses or stallion breeding rights.
14 One big problem has been the thoroughbred racehorse market.
15 From 1974 to 1984, prices for the best yearlings at the summer sales rose 918% to an average of $544,681.
16 Since then, prices have slumped, to an average of $395,374 this summer.
17 But that's for the best horses, with most selling for much less -- as little as $100 for some pedestrian thoroughbreds.
18 Even while they move outside their traditional tony circle, racehorse owners still try to capitalize on the elan of the sport.
19 Glossy brochures circulated at racetracks gush about the limelight of the winner's circle and high-society schmoozing.
20 One handout promises: 'Pedigrees, parties, post times, parimutuels and pageantry.'
21 'It's just a matter of marketing and promoting ourselves,' says Headley Bell, a fifth-generation horse breeder from Lexington.
22 Maybe it's not that simple.
23 For starters, racehorse buyers have to remember the basic problem of such ventures: These beasts don't come with warranties.
24 And for every champion, there are plenty of nags.
25 Katherine Voss, a veteran trainer at the Laurel, Md., track, offers neophytes a sobering tour of a horse barn, noting that only three of about a dozen horses have won sizable purses.
26 One brown two-year-old filly was wheezing from a cold, while another had splints on its legs, keeping both animals from the racetrack. 'You can see the highs and lows of the business all under one roof,' she tells the group. 'There aren't too many winners.'
27 Perhaps the biggest hurdle owners face is convincing newcomers that this is a reputable business.
28 Some badly managed partnerships have burned investors, sometimes after they received advice from industry 'consultants.' So owners have developed a 'code of ethics,' outlining rules for consultants and agents, and disclosure of fees and any conflicts of interest.
29 But some are skeptical of the code's effectiveness. 'The industry is based on individual honesty,' says Cap Hershey, a Lexington horse farmer and one of the investors who bought Spendthrift.
30 Despite the drop in prices for thoroughbreds, owning one still isn't cheap.
31 At the low end, investors can spend $15,000 or more to own a racehorse in partnership with others.
32 At a yearling sale, a buyer can go solo and get a horse for a few thousand dollars.
33 But that means paying the horse's maintenance; on average, it costs $25,000 a year to raise a horse.
34 For those looking for something between a minority stake and total ownership, the owners' group is considering a special sale where established horse breeders would sell a 50% stake in horses to newcomers.
| 1 | If bluebloods won ' t pay high prices for racehorses anymore , who will ? | bluebloods | what is bluebloods? | 1 | 2 |
107 | 160 | 1 If bluebloods won't pay high prices for racehorses anymore, who will?
2 Breeders are betting on the common folk.
3 The Thoroughbred Owners and Breeders Association, a Lexington, Ky.-based trade group, has launched 'seminars' for 'potential investors' at race tracks around the country.
4 The group, which has held half a dozen seminars so far, also is considering promotional videos and perhaps a pitch to Wall Street investment bankers.
5 'People in this business have been insulated,' says Josh Pons, a horse breeder from Bel Air, Md. 'But the real future of this game is in a number of people owning a few horses.'
6 At the Laurel race track, the breeders are romancing people like Tim Hulings, a beer packaging plant worker.
7 Right now, Mr. Hulings is waving his racing program, cheering for Karnak on the Nile, a sleek thoroughbred galloping down the home stretch.
8 Mr. Hulings gloats that he sold all his stocks a week before the market plummeted 190 points on Oct. 13, and he is using the money to help buy a 45-acre horse farm. 'Just imagine how exciting that would be if that's your horse,' he says.
9 But experts caution that this isn't a game for anyone with a weak stomach or wallet. 'It's a big-risk business,' warns Charles C. Mihalek, a Lexington attorney and former Kentucky state securities commissioner. 'You have to go into it firmly believing that it's the kind of investment where you can lose everything.'
10 And many have done just that.
11 Consider Spendthrift Farm, a prominent Lexington horse farm that went public in 1983 but hit hard times and filed for bankruptcy-court protection last year.
12 A group of investors recently bought the remaining assets of Spendthrift, hoping to rebuild it.
13 Other investors have lost millions in partnerships that bought thoroughbred racehorses or stallion breeding rights.
14 One big problem has been the thoroughbred racehorse market.
15 From 1974 to 1984, prices for the best yearlings at the summer sales rose 918% to an average of $544,681.
16 Since then, prices have slumped, to an average of $395,374 this summer.
17 But that's for the best horses, with most selling for much less -- as little as $100 for some pedestrian thoroughbreds.
18 Even while they move outside their traditional tony circle, racehorse owners still try to capitalize on the elan of the sport.
19 Glossy brochures circulated at racetracks gush about the limelight of the winner's circle and high-society schmoozing.
20 One handout promises: 'Pedigrees, parties, post times, parimutuels and pageantry.'
21 'It's just a matter of marketing and promoting ourselves,' says Headley Bell, a fifth-generation horse breeder from Lexington.
22 Maybe it's not that simple.
23 For starters, racehorse buyers have to remember the basic problem of such ventures: These beasts don't come with warranties.
24 And for every champion, there are plenty of nags.
25 Katherine Voss, a veteran trainer at the Laurel, Md., track, offers neophytes a sobering tour of a horse barn, noting that only three of about a dozen horses have won sizable purses.
26 One brown two-year-old filly was wheezing from a cold, while another had splints on its legs, keeping both animals from the racetrack. 'You can see the highs and lows of the business all under one roof,' she tells the group. 'There aren't too many winners.'
27 Perhaps the biggest hurdle owners face is convincing newcomers that this is a reputable business.
28 Some badly managed partnerships have burned investors, sometimes after they received advice from industry 'consultants.' So owners have developed a 'code of ethics,' outlining rules for consultants and agents, and disclosure of fees and any conflicts of interest.
29 But some are skeptical of the code's effectiveness. 'The industry is based on individual honesty,' says Cap Hershey, a Lexington horse farmer and one of the investors who bought Spendthrift.
30 Despite the drop in prices for thoroughbreds, owning one still isn't cheap.
31 At the low end, investors can spend $15,000 or more to own a racehorse in partnership with others.
32 At a yearling sale, a buyer can go solo and get a horse for a few thousand dollars.
33 But that means paying the horse's maintenance; on average, it costs $25,000 a year to raise a horse.
34 For those looking for something between a minority stake and total ownership, the owners' group is considering a special sale where established horse breeders would sell a 50% stake in horses to newcomers.
| 1 | If bluebloods won ' t pay high prices for racehorses anymore , who will ? | bluebloods | what is a blueblood? | 1 | 2 |
108 | 160 | 1 If bluebloods won't pay high prices for racehorses anymore, who will?
2 Breeders are betting on the common folk.
3 The Thoroughbred Owners and Breeders Association, a Lexington, Ky.-based trade group, has launched 'seminars' for 'potential investors' at race tracks around the country.
4 The group, which has held half a dozen seminars so far, also is considering promotional videos and perhaps a pitch to Wall Street investment bankers.
5 'People in this business have been insulated,' says Josh Pons, a horse breeder from Bel Air, Md. 'But the real future of this game is in a number of people owning a few horses.'
6 At the Laurel race track, the breeders are romancing people like Tim Hulings, a beer packaging plant worker.
7 Right now, Mr. Hulings is waving his racing program, cheering for Karnak on the Nile, a sleek thoroughbred galloping down the home stretch.
8 Mr. Hulings gloats that he sold all his stocks a week before the market plummeted 190 points on Oct. 13, and he is using the money to help buy a 45-acre horse farm. 'Just imagine how exciting that would be if that's your horse,' he says.
9 But experts caution that this isn't a game for anyone with a weak stomach or wallet. 'It's a big-risk business,' warns Charles C. Mihalek, a Lexington attorney and former Kentucky state securities commissioner. 'You have to go into it firmly believing that it's the kind of investment where you can lose everything.'
10 And many have done just that.
11 Consider Spendthrift Farm, a prominent Lexington horse farm that went public in 1983 but hit hard times and filed for bankruptcy-court protection last year.
12 A group of investors recently bought the remaining assets of Spendthrift, hoping to rebuild it.
13 Other investors have lost millions in partnerships that bought thoroughbred racehorses or stallion breeding rights.
14 One big problem has been the thoroughbred racehorse market.
15 From 1974 to 1984, prices for the best yearlings at the summer sales rose 918% to an average of $544,681.
16 Since then, prices have slumped, to an average of $395,374 this summer.
17 But that's for the best horses, with most selling for much less -- as little as $100 for some pedestrian thoroughbreds.
18 Even while they move outside their traditional tony circle, racehorse owners still try to capitalize on the elan of the sport.
19 Glossy brochures circulated at racetracks gush about the limelight of the winner's circle and high-society schmoozing.
20 One handout promises: 'Pedigrees, parties, post times, parimutuels and pageantry.'
21 'It's just a matter of marketing and promoting ourselves,' says Headley Bell, a fifth-generation horse breeder from Lexington.
22 Maybe it's not that simple.
23 For starters, racehorse buyers have to remember the basic problem of such ventures: These beasts don't come with warranties.
24 And for every champion, there are plenty of nags.
25 Katherine Voss, a veteran trainer at the Laurel, Md., track, offers neophytes a sobering tour of a horse barn, noting that only three of about a dozen horses have won sizable purses.
26 One brown two-year-old filly was wheezing from a cold, while another had splints on its legs, keeping both animals from the racetrack. 'You can see the highs and lows of the business all under one roof,' she tells the group. 'There aren't too many winners.'
27 Perhaps the biggest hurdle owners face is convincing newcomers that this is a reputable business.
28 Some badly managed partnerships have burned investors, sometimes after they received advice from industry 'consultants.' So owners have developed a 'code of ethics,' outlining rules for consultants and agents, and disclosure of fees and any conflicts of interest.
29 But some are skeptical of the code's effectiveness. 'The industry is based on individual honesty,' says Cap Hershey, a Lexington horse farmer and one of the investors who bought Spendthrift.
30 Despite the drop in prices for thoroughbreds, owning one still isn't cheap.
31 At the low end, investors can spend $15,000 or more to own a racehorse in partnership with others.
32 At a yearling sale, a buyer can go solo and get a horse for a few thousand dollars.
33 But that means paying the horse's maintenance; on average, it costs $25,000 a year to raise a horse.
34 For those looking for something between a minority stake and total ownership, the owners' group is considering a special sale where established horse breeders would sell a 50% stake in horses to newcomers.
| 1 | If bluebloods won ' t pay high prices for racehorses anymore , who will ? | bluebloods | What is a blueblood? | 1 | 2 |
109 | 160 | 1 If bluebloods won't pay high prices for racehorses anymore, who will?
2 Breeders are betting on the common folk.
3 The Thoroughbred Owners and Breeders Association, a Lexington, Ky.-based trade group, has launched 'seminars' for 'potential investors' at race tracks around the country.
4 The group, which has held half a dozen seminars so far, also is considering promotional videos and perhaps a pitch to Wall Street investment bankers.
5 'People in this business have been insulated,' says Josh Pons, a horse breeder from Bel Air, Md. 'But the real future of this game is in a number of people owning a few horses.'
6 At the Laurel race track, the breeders are romancing people like Tim Hulings, a beer packaging plant worker.
7 Right now, Mr. Hulings is waving his racing program, cheering for Karnak on the Nile, a sleek thoroughbred galloping down the home stretch.
8 Mr. Hulings gloats that he sold all his stocks a week before the market plummeted 190 points on Oct. 13, and he is using the money to help buy a 45-acre horse farm. 'Just imagine how exciting that would be if that's your horse,' he says.
9 But experts caution that this isn't a game for anyone with a weak stomach or wallet. 'It's a big-risk business,' warns Charles C. Mihalek, a Lexington attorney and former Kentucky state securities commissioner. 'You have to go into it firmly believing that it's the kind of investment where you can lose everything.'
10 And many have done just that.
11 Consider Spendthrift Farm, a prominent Lexington horse farm that went public in 1983 but hit hard times and filed for bankruptcy-court protection last year.
12 A group of investors recently bought the remaining assets of Spendthrift, hoping to rebuild it.
13 Other investors have lost millions in partnerships that bought thoroughbred racehorses or stallion breeding rights.
14 One big problem has been the thoroughbred racehorse market.
15 From 1974 to 1984, prices for the best yearlings at the summer sales rose 918% to an average of $544,681.
16 Since then, prices have slumped, to an average of $395,374 this summer.
17 But that's for the best horses, with most selling for much less -- as little as $100 for some pedestrian thoroughbreds.
18 Even while they move outside their traditional tony circle, racehorse owners still try to capitalize on the elan of the sport.
19 Glossy brochures circulated at racetracks gush about the limelight of the winner's circle and high-society schmoozing.
20 One handout promises: 'Pedigrees, parties, post times, parimutuels and pageantry.'
21 'It's just a matter of marketing and promoting ourselves,' says Headley Bell, a fifth-generation horse breeder from Lexington.
22 Maybe it's not that simple.
23 For starters, racehorse buyers have to remember the basic problem of such ventures: These beasts don't come with warranties.
24 And for every champion, there are plenty of nags.
25 Katherine Voss, a veteran trainer at the Laurel, Md., track, offers neophytes a sobering tour of a horse barn, noting that only three of about a dozen horses have won sizable purses.
26 One brown two-year-old filly was wheezing from a cold, while another had splints on its legs, keeping both animals from the racetrack. 'You can see the highs and lows of the business all under one roof,' she tells the group. 'There aren't too many winners.'
27 Perhaps the biggest hurdle owners face is convincing newcomers that this is a reputable business.
28 Some badly managed partnerships have burned investors, sometimes after they received advice from industry 'consultants.' So owners have developed a 'code of ethics,' outlining rules for consultants and agents, and disclosure of fees and any conflicts of interest.
29 But some are skeptical of the code's effectiveness. 'The industry is based on individual honesty,' says Cap Hershey, a Lexington horse farmer and one of the investors who bought Spendthrift.
30 Despite the drop in prices for thoroughbreds, owning one still isn't cheap.
31 At the low end, investors can spend $15,000 or more to own a racehorse in partnership with others.
32 At a yearling sale, a buyer can go solo and get a horse for a few thousand dollars.
33 But that means paying the horse's maintenance; on average, it costs $25,000 a year to raise a horse.
34 For those looking for something between a minority stake and total ownership, the owners' group is considering a special sale where established horse breeders would sell a 50% stake in horses to newcomers.
| 2 | Breeders are betting on the common folk . | Breeders | why are they betting on common folk? | 0 | 1 |
110 | 160 | 1 If bluebloods won't pay high prices for racehorses anymore, who will?
2 Breeders are betting on the common folk.
3 The Thoroughbred Owners and Breeders Association, a Lexington, Ky.-based trade group, has launched 'seminars' for 'potential investors' at race tracks around the country.
4 The group, which has held half a dozen seminars so far, also is considering promotional videos and perhaps a pitch to Wall Street investment bankers.
5 'People in this business have been insulated,' says Josh Pons, a horse breeder from Bel Air, Md. 'But the real future of this game is in a number of people owning a few horses.'
6 At the Laurel race track, the breeders are romancing people like Tim Hulings, a beer packaging plant worker.
7 Right now, Mr. Hulings is waving his racing program, cheering for Karnak on the Nile, a sleek thoroughbred galloping down the home stretch.
8 Mr. Hulings gloats that he sold all his stocks a week before the market plummeted 190 points on Oct. 13, and he is using the money to help buy a 45-acre horse farm. 'Just imagine how exciting that would be if that's your horse,' he says.
9 But experts caution that this isn't a game for anyone with a weak stomach or wallet. 'It's a big-risk business,' warns Charles C. Mihalek, a Lexington attorney and former Kentucky state securities commissioner. 'You have to go into it firmly believing that it's the kind of investment where you can lose everything.'
10 And many have done just that.
11 Consider Spendthrift Farm, a prominent Lexington horse farm that went public in 1983 but hit hard times and filed for bankruptcy-court protection last year.
12 A group of investors recently bought the remaining assets of Spendthrift, hoping to rebuild it.
13 Other investors have lost millions in partnerships that bought thoroughbred racehorses or stallion breeding rights.
14 One big problem has been the thoroughbred racehorse market.
15 From 1974 to 1984, prices for the best yearlings at the summer sales rose 918% to an average of $544,681.
16 Since then, prices have slumped, to an average of $395,374 this summer.
17 But that's for the best horses, with most selling for much less -- as little as $100 for some pedestrian thoroughbreds.
18 Even while they move outside their traditional tony circle, racehorse owners still try to capitalize on the elan of the sport.
19 Glossy brochures circulated at racetracks gush about the limelight of the winner's circle and high-society schmoozing.
20 One handout promises: 'Pedigrees, parties, post times, parimutuels and pageantry.'
21 'It's just a matter of marketing and promoting ourselves,' says Headley Bell, a fifth-generation horse breeder from Lexington.
22 Maybe it's not that simple.
23 For starters, racehorse buyers have to remember the basic problem of such ventures: These beasts don't come with warranties.
24 And for every champion, there are plenty of nags.
25 Katherine Voss, a veteran trainer at the Laurel, Md., track, offers neophytes a sobering tour of a horse barn, noting that only three of about a dozen horses have won sizable purses.
26 One brown two-year-old filly was wheezing from a cold, while another had splints on its legs, keeping both animals from the racetrack. 'You can see the highs and lows of the business all under one roof,' she tells the group. 'There aren't too many winners.'
27 Perhaps the biggest hurdle owners face is convincing newcomers that this is a reputable business.
28 Some badly managed partnerships have burned investors, sometimes after they received advice from industry 'consultants.' So owners have developed a 'code of ethics,' outlining rules for consultants and agents, and disclosure of fees and any conflicts of interest.
29 But some are skeptical of the code's effectiveness. 'The industry is based on individual honesty,' says Cap Hershey, a Lexington horse farmer and one of the investors who bought Spendthrift.
30 Despite the drop in prices for thoroughbreds, owning one still isn't cheap.
31 At the low end, investors can spend $15,000 or more to own a racehorse in partnership with others.
32 At a yearling sale, a buyer can go solo and get a horse for a few thousand dollars.
33 But that means paying the horse's maintenance; on average, it costs $25,000 a year to raise a horse.
34 For those looking for something between a minority stake and total ownership, the owners' group is considering a special sale where established horse breeders would sell a 50% stake in horses to newcomers.
| 2 | Breeders are betting on the common folk . | betting | How are they betting on them? | 2 | 3 |
111 | 160 | 1 If bluebloods won't pay high prices for racehorses anymore, who will?
2 Breeders are betting on the common folk.
3 The Thoroughbred Owners and Breeders Association, a Lexington, Ky.-based trade group, has launched 'seminars' for 'potential investors' at race tracks around the country.
4 The group, which has held half a dozen seminars so far, also is considering promotional videos and perhaps a pitch to Wall Street investment bankers.
5 'People in this business have been insulated,' says Josh Pons, a horse breeder from Bel Air, Md. 'But the real future of this game is in a number of people owning a few horses.'
6 At the Laurel race track, the breeders are romancing people like Tim Hulings, a beer packaging plant worker.
7 Right now, Mr. Hulings is waving his racing program, cheering for Karnak on the Nile, a sleek thoroughbred galloping down the home stretch.
8 Mr. Hulings gloats that he sold all his stocks a week before the market plummeted 190 points on Oct. 13, and he is using the money to help buy a 45-acre horse farm. 'Just imagine how exciting that would be if that's your horse,' he says.
9 But experts caution that this isn't a game for anyone with a weak stomach or wallet. 'It's a big-risk business,' warns Charles C. Mihalek, a Lexington attorney and former Kentucky state securities commissioner. 'You have to go into it firmly believing that it's the kind of investment where you can lose everything.'
10 And many have done just that.
11 Consider Spendthrift Farm, a prominent Lexington horse farm that went public in 1983 but hit hard times and filed for bankruptcy-court protection last year.
12 A group of investors recently bought the remaining assets of Spendthrift, hoping to rebuild it.
13 Other investors have lost millions in partnerships that bought thoroughbred racehorses or stallion breeding rights.
14 One big problem has been the thoroughbred racehorse market.
15 From 1974 to 1984, prices for the best yearlings at the summer sales rose 918% to an average of $544,681.
16 Since then, prices have slumped, to an average of $395,374 this summer.
17 But that's for the best horses, with most selling for much less -- as little as $100 for some pedestrian thoroughbreds.
18 Even while they move outside their traditional tony circle, racehorse owners still try to capitalize on the elan of the sport.
19 Glossy brochures circulated at racetracks gush about the limelight of the winner's circle and high-society schmoozing.
20 One handout promises: 'Pedigrees, parties, post times, parimutuels and pageantry.'
21 'It's just a matter of marketing and promoting ourselves,' says Headley Bell, a fifth-generation horse breeder from Lexington.
22 Maybe it's not that simple.
23 For starters, racehorse buyers have to remember the basic problem of such ventures: These beasts don't come with warranties.
24 And for every champion, there are plenty of nags.
25 Katherine Voss, a veteran trainer at the Laurel, Md., track, offers neophytes a sobering tour of a horse barn, noting that only three of about a dozen horses have won sizable purses.
26 One brown two-year-old filly was wheezing from a cold, while another had splints on its legs, keeping both animals from the racetrack. 'You can see the highs and lows of the business all under one roof,' she tells the group. 'There aren't too many winners.'
27 Perhaps the biggest hurdle owners face is convincing newcomers that this is a reputable business.
28 Some badly managed partnerships have burned investors, sometimes after they received advice from industry 'consultants.' So owners have developed a 'code of ethics,' outlining rules for consultants and agents, and disclosure of fees and any conflicts of interest.
29 But some are skeptical of the code's effectiveness. 'The industry is based on individual honesty,' says Cap Hershey, a Lexington horse farmer and one of the investors who bought Spendthrift.
30 Despite the drop in prices for thoroughbreds, owning one still isn't cheap.
31 At the low end, investors can spend $15,000 or more to own a racehorse in partnership with others.
32 At a yearling sale, a buyer can go solo and get a horse for a few thousand dollars.
33 But that means paying the horse's maintenance; on average, it costs $25,000 a year to raise a horse.
34 For those looking for something between a minority stake and total ownership, the owners' group is considering a special sale where established horse breeders would sell a 50% stake in horses to newcomers.
| 3 | The Thoroughbred Owners and Breeders Association , a Lexington , Ky . - based trade group , has launched " seminars " for " potential investors " at race tracks around the country . | " seminars " | where are they held? | 19 | 22 |
112 | 160 | 1 If bluebloods won't pay high prices for racehorses anymore, who will?
2 Breeders are betting on the common folk.
3 The Thoroughbred Owners and Breeders Association, a Lexington, Ky.-based trade group, has launched 'seminars' for 'potential investors' at race tracks around the country.
4 The group, which has held half a dozen seminars so far, also is considering promotional videos and perhaps a pitch to Wall Street investment bankers.
5 'People in this business have been insulated,' says Josh Pons, a horse breeder from Bel Air, Md. 'But the real future of this game is in a number of people owning a few horses.'
6 At the Laurel race track, the breeders are romancing people like Tim Hulings, a beer packaging plant worker.
7 Right now, Mr. Hulings is waving his racing program, cheering for Karnak on the Nile, a sleek thoroughbred galloping down the home stretch.
8 Mr. Hulings gloats that he sold all his stocks a week before the market plummeted 190 points on Oct. 13, and he is using the money to help buy a 45-acre horse farm. 'Just imagine how exciting that would be if that's your horse,' he says.
9 But experts caution that this isn't a game for anyone with a weak stomach or wallet. 'It's a big-risk business,' warns Charles C. Mihalek, a Lexington attorney and former Kentucky state securities commissioner. 'You have to go into it firmly believing that it's the kind of investment where you can lose everything.'
10 And many have done just that.
11 Consider Spendthrift Farm, a prominent Lexington horse farm that went public in 1983 but hit hard times and filed for bankruptcy-court protection last year.
12 A group of investors recently bought the remaining assets of Spendthrift, hoping to rebuild it.
13 Other investors have lost millions in partnerships that bought thoroughbred racehorses or stallion breeding rights.
14 One big problem has been the thoroughbred racehorse market.
15 From 1974 to 1984, prices for the best yearlings at the summer sales rose 918% to an average of $544,681.
16 Since then, prices have slumped, to an average of $395,374 this summer.
17 But that's for the best horses, with most selling for much less -- as little as $100 for some pedestrian thoroughbreds.
18 Even while they move outside their traditional tony circle, racehorse owners still try to capitalize on the elan of the sport.
19 Glossy brochures circulated at racetracks gush about the limelight of the winner's circle and high-society schmoozing.
20 One handout promises: 'Pedigrees, parties, post times, parimutuels and pageantry.'
21 'It's just a matter of marketing and promoting ourselves,' says Headley Bell, a fifth-generation horse breeder from Lexington.
22 Maybe it's not that simple.
23 For starters, racehorse buyers have to remember the basic problem of such ventures: These beasts don't come with warranties.
24 And for every champion, there are plenty of nags.
25 Katherine Voss, a veteran trainer at the Laurel, Md., track, offers neophytes a sobering tour of a horse barn, noting that only three of about a dozen horses have won sizable purses.
26 One brown two-year-old filly was wheezing from a cold, while another had splints on its legs, keeping both animals from the racetrack. 'You can see the highs and lows of the business all under one roof,' she tells the group. 'There aren't too many winners.'
27 Perhaps the biggest hurdle owners face is convincing newcomers that this is a reputable business.
28 Some badly managed partnerships have burned investors, sometimes after they received advice from industry 'consultants.' So owners have developed a 'code of ethics,' outlining rules for consultants and agents, and disclosure of fees and any conflicts of interest.
29 But some are skeptical of the code's effectiveness. 'The industry is based on individual honesty,' says Cap Hershey, a Lexington horse farmer and one of the investors who bought Spendthrift.
30 Despite the drop in prices for thoroughbreds, owning one still isn't cheap.
31 At the low end, investors can spend $15,000 or more to own a racehorse in partnership with others.
32 At a yearling sale, a buyer can go solo and get a horse for a few thousand dollars.
33 But that means paying the horse's maintenance; on average, it costs $25,000 a year to raise a horse.
34 For those looking for something between a minority stake and total ownership, the owners' group is considering a special sale where established horse breeders would sell a 50% stake in horses to newcomers.
| 4 | The group , which has held half a dozen seminars so far , also is considering promotional videos and perhaps a pitch to Wall Street investment bankers . | perhaps a pitch to Wall Street investment bankers | Why are they considering pitching to Wall Street bankers? | 19 | 27 |
113 | 160 | 1 If bluebloods won't pay high prices for racehorses anymore, who will?
2 Breeders are betting on the common folk.
3 The Thoroughbred Owners and Breeders Association, a Lexington, Ky.-based trade group, has launched 'seminars' for 'potential investors' at race tracks around the country.
4 The group, which has held half a dozen seminars so far, also is considering promotional videos and perhaps a pitch to Wall Street investment bankers.
5 'People in this business have been insulated,' says Josh Pons, a horse breeder from Bel Air, Md. 'But the real future of this game is in a number of people owning a few horses.'
6 At the Laurel race track, the breeders are romancing people like Tim Hulings, a beer packaging plant worker.
7 Right now, Mr. Hulings is waving his racing program, cheering for Karnak on the Nile, a sleek thoroughbred galloping down the home stretch.
8 Mr. Hulings gloats that he sold all his stocks a week before the market plummeted 190 points on Oct. 13, and he is using the money to help buy a 45-acre horse farm. 'Just imagine how exciting that would be if that's your horse,' he says.
9 But experts caution that this isn't a game for anyone with a weak stomach or wallet. 'It's a big-risk business,' warns Charles C. Mihalek, a Lexington attorney and former Kentucky state securities commissioner. 'You have to go into it firmly believing that it's the kind of investment where you can lose everything.'
10 And many have done just that.
11 Consider Spendthrift Farm, a prominent Lexington horse farm that went public in 1983 but hit hard times and filed for bankruptcy-court protection last year.
12 A group of investors recently bought the remaining assets of Spendthrift, hoping to rebuild it.
13 Other investors have lost millions in partnerships that bought thoroughbred racehorses or stallion breeding rights.
14 One big problem has been the thoroughbred racehorse market.
15 From 1974 to 1984, prices for the best yearlings at the summer sales rose 918% to an average of $544,681.
16 Since then, prices have slumped, to an average of $395,374 this summer.
17 But that's for the best horses, with most selling for much less -- as little as $100 for some pedestrian thoroughbreds.
18 Even while they move outside their traditional tony circle, racehorse owners still try to capitalize on the elan of the sport.
19 Glossy brochures circulated at racetracks gush about the limelight of the winner's circle and high-society schmoozing.
20 One handout promises: 'Pedigrees, parties, post times, parimutuels and pageantry.'
21 'It's just a matter of marketing and promoting ourselves,' says Headley Bell, a fifth-generation horse breeder from Lexington.
22 Maybe it's not that simple.
23 For starters, racehorse buyers have to remember the basic problem of such ventures: These beasts don't come with warranties.
24 And for every champion, there are plenty of nags.
25 Katherine Voss, a veteran trainer at the Laurel, Md., track, offers neophytes a sobering tour of a horse barn, noting that only three of about a dozen horses have won sizable purses.
26 One brown two-year-old filly was wheezing from a cold, while another had splints on its legs, keeping both animals from the racetrack. 'You can see the highs and lows of the business all under one roof,' she tells the group. 'There aren't too many winners.'
27 Perhaps the biggest hurdle owners face is convincing newcomers that this is a reputable business.
28 Some badly managed partnerships have burned investors, sometimes after they received advice from industry 'consultants.' So owners have developed a 'code of ethics,' outlining rules for consultants and agents, and disclosure of fees and any conflicts of interest.
29 But some are skeptical of the code's effectiveness. 'The industry is based on individual honesty,' says Cap Hershey, a Lexington horse farmer and one of the investors who bought Spendthrift.
30 Despite the drop in prices for thoroughbreds, owning one still isn't cheap.
31 At the low end, investors can spend $15,000 or more to own a racehorse in partnership with others.
32 At a yearling sale, a buyer can go solo and get a horse for a few thousand dollars.
33 But that means paying the horse's maintenance; on average, it costs $25,000 a year to raise a horse.
34 For those looking for something between a minority stake and total ownership, the owners' group is considering a special sale where established horse breeders would sell a 50% stake in horses to newcomers.
| 5 | " People in this business have been insulated , " says Josh Pons , a horse breeder from Bel Air , Md . " But the real future of this game is in a number of people owning a few horses . " | " People in this business have been insulated , " | Why have people in the horserace business been insulated? | 0 | 10 |
114 | 160 | 1 If bluebloods won't pay high prices for racehorses anymore, who will?
2 Breeders are betting on the common folk.
3 The Thoroughbred Owners and Breeders Association, a Lexington, Ky.-based trade group, has launched 'seminars' for 'potential investors' at race tracks around the country.
4 The group, which has held half a dozen seminars so far, also is considering promotional videos and perhaps a pitch to Wall Street investment bankers.
5 'People in this business have been insulated,' says Josh Pons, a horse breeder from Bel Air, Md. 'But the real future of this game is in a number of people owning a few horses.'
6 At the Laurel race track, the breeders are romancing people like Tim Hulings, a beer packaging plant worker.
7 Right now, Mr. Hulings is waving his racing program, cheering for Karnak on the Nile, a sleek thoroughbred galloping down the home stretch.
8 Mr. Hulings gloats that he sold all his stocks a week before the market plummeted 190 points on Oct. 13, and he is using the money to help buy a 45-acre horse farm. 'Just imagine how exciting that would be if that's your horse,' he says.
9 But experts caution that this isn't a game for anyone with a weak stomach or wallet. 'It's a big-risk business,' warns Charles C. Mihalek, a Lexington attorney and former Kentucky state securities commissioner. 'You have to go into it firmly believing that it's the kind of investment where you can lose everything.'
10 And many have done just that.
11 Consider Spendthrift Farm, a prominent Lexington horse farm that went public in 1983 but hit hard times and filed for bankruptcy-court protection last year.
12 A group of investors recently bought the remaining assets of Spendthrift, hoping to rebuild it.
13 Other investors have lost millions in partnerships that bought thoroughbred racehorses or stallion breeding rights.
14 One big problem has been the thoroughbred racehorse market.
15 From 1974 to 1984, prices for the best yearlings at the summer sales rose 918% to an average of $544,681.
16 Since then, prices have slumped, to an average of $395,374 this summer.
17 But that's for the best horses, with most selling for much less -- as little as $100 for some pedestrian thoroughbreds.
18 Even while they move outside their traditional tony circle, racehorse owners still try to capitalize on the elan of the sport.
19 Glossy brochures circulated at racetracks gush about the limelight of the winner's circle and high-society schmoozing.
20 One handout promises: 'Pedigrees, parties, post times, parimutuels and pageantry.'
21 'It's just a matter of marketing and promoting ourselves,' says Headley Bell, a fifth-generation horse breeder from Lexington.
22 Maybe it's not that simple.
23 For starters, racehorse buyers have to remember the basic problem of such ventures: These beasts don't come with warranties.
24 And for every champion, there are plenty of nags.
25 Katherine Voss, a veteran trainer at the Laurel, Md., track, offers neophytes a sobering tour of a horse barn, noting that only three of about a dozen horses have won sizable purses.
26 One brown two-year-old filly was wheezing from a cold, while another had splints on its legs, keeping both animals from the racetrack. 'You can see the highs and lows of the business all under one roof,' she tells the group. 'There aren't too many winners.'
27 Perhaps the biggest hurdle owners face is convincing newcomers that this is a reputable business.
28 Some badly managed partnerships have burned investors, sometimes after they received advice from industry 'consultants.' So owners have developed a 'code of ethics,' outlining rules for consultants and agents, and disclosure of fees and any conflicts of interest.
29 But some are skeptical of the code's effectiveness. 'The industry is based on individual honesty,' says Cap Hershey, a Lexington horse farmer and one of the investors who bought Spendthrift.
30 Despite the drop in prices for thoroughbreds, owning one still isn't cheap.
31 At the low end, investors can spend $15,000 or more to own a racehorse in partnership with others.
32 At a yearling sale, a buyer can go solo and get a horse for a few thousand dollars.
33 But that means paying the horse's maintenance; on average, it costs $25,000 a year to raise a horse.
34 For those looking for something between a minority stake and total ownership, the owners' group is considering a special sale where established horse breeders would sell a 50% stake in horses to newcomers.
| 5 | " People in this business have been insulated , " says Josh Pons , a horse breeder from Bel Air , Md . " But the real future of this game is in a number of people owning a few horses . " | few horses | how many horses does he mean? | 39 | 41 |
115 | 161 | 1 Britain's current account deficit dropped to #1.6 billion ($2.56 billion) in September from an adjusted #2 billion ($3.21 billion) the previous month, but the improvement comes amid increasing concern that a recession could strike the U.K. economy next year.
2 The Confederation of British Industry's latest survey shows that business executives expect a pronounced slowdown, largely because of a 16-month series of interest-rate increases that has raised banks' base lending rates to 15%.
3 'The outlook has deteriorated since the summer, with orders and employment falling and output at a standstill,' said David Wigglesworth, chairman of the industry group's economic committee.
4 He also said investment by businesses is falling off.
5 Of 1,224 companies surveyed, 31% expect to cut spending on plant equipment and machinery, while only 28% plan to spend more.
6 But despite mounting recession fears, government data don't yet show the economy grinding to a halt.
7 Unemployment, for example, has continued to decline, and the September trade figures showed increases in both imports and exports.
8 As a result, Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher's government isn't currently expected to ease interest rates before next spring, if then.
9 Chancellor of the Exchequer Nigel Lawson views the high rates as his chief weapon against inflation, which was ignited by tax cuts and loose credit policies in 1986 and 1987.
10 Officials fear that any loosening this year could rekindle inflation or further weaken the pound against other major currencies.
11 Fending off attacks on his economic policies in a House of Commons debate yesterday, Mr. Lawson said inflation 'remains the greatest threat to our economic well-being' and promised to take 'whatever steps are needed' to choke it off.
12 The latest government figures said retail prices in September were up 7.6% from a year earlier.
13 Many economists have started predicting a mild recession next year.
14 David Owen, U.K. economist with Kleinwort Benson Group, reduced his growth forecast for 1990 to 0.7% from 1.2% and termed the risk of recession next year 'quite high.' But he said the downturn probably won't become a 'major contraction' similar to those of 1974 and 1982.
15 Still, Britain's current slump is a cause for concern here as the nation joins in the European Community's plan to create a unified market by 1992.
16 Compared with the major economies on the Continent, the U.K. faces both higher inflation and lower growth in the next several months.
17 As a result, Mr. Owen warned, investment will be more likely to flow toward the other European economies and 'the U.K. will be less prepared for the single market.'
18 Britain's latest trade figures contained some positive news for the economy, such as a surge in the volume of exports, which were 8.5% higher than a year earlier.
19 But while September exports rose to #8.43 billion, imports shot up to #10.37 billion.
20 The resulting #1.9 billion merchandise trade deficit was partly offset by an assumed surplus of #300 million in so-called invisible items, which include income from investments, services and official transfers.
21 Despite the narrowing of the monthly trade gap, economists expect the current account deficit for all of 1989 to swell to about #20 billion from #14.6 billion in 1988.
22 Increasingly, economists say the big deficit reflects the slipping competitive position of British industry. 'When the country gets wealthier, we tend to buy high-quality imports,' Mr. Owen said.
| 1 | Britain ' s current account deficit dropped to # 1 . 6 billion ( $ 2 . 56 billion ) in September from an adjusted # 2 billion ( $ 3 . 21 billion ) the previous month , but the improvement comes amid increasing concern that a recession could strike the U . K . economy next year . | dropped | Why did Britain's current account deficit drop. | 6 | 7 |
116 | 161 | 1 Britain's current account deficit dropped to #1.6 billion ($2.56 billion) in September from an adjusted #2 billion ($3.21 billion) the previous month, but the improvement comes amid increasing concern that a recession could strike the U.K. economy next year.
2 The Confederation of British Industry's latest survey shows that business executives expect a pronounced slowdown, largely because of a 16-month series of interest-rate increases that has raised banks' base lending rates to 15%.
3 'The outlook has deteriorated since the summer, with orders and employment falling and output at a standstill,' said David Wigglesworth, chairman of the industry group's economic committee.
4 He also said investment by businesses is falling off.
5 Of 1,224 companies surveyed, 31% expect to cut spending on plant equipment and machinery, while only 28% plan to spend more.
6 But despite mounting recession fears, government data don't yet show the economy grinding to a halt.
7 Unemployment, for example, has continued to decline, and the September trade figures showed increases in both imports and exports.
8 As a result, Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher's government isn't currently expected to ease interest rates before next spring, if then.
9 Chancellor of the Exchequer Nigel Lawson views the high rates as his chief weapon against inflation, which was ignited by tax cuts and loose credit policies in 1986 and 1987.
10 Officials fear that any loosening this year could rekindle inflation or further weaken the pound against other major currencies.
11 Fending off attacks on his economic policies in a House of Commons debate yesterday, Mr. Lawson said inflation 'remains the greatest threat to our economic well-being' and promised to take 'whatever steps are needed' to choke it off.
12 The latest government figures said retail prices in September were up 7.6% from a year earlier.
13 Many economists have started predicting a mild recession next year.
14 David Owen, U.K. economist with Kleinwort Benson Group, reduced his growth forecast for 1990 to 0.7% from 1.2% and termed the risk of recession next year 'quite high.' But he said the downturn probably won't become a 'major contraction' similar to those of 1974 and 1982.
15 Still, Britain's current slump is a cause for concern here as the nation joins in the European Community's plan to create a unified market by 1992.
16 Compared with the major economies on the Continent, the U.K. faces both higher inflation and lower growth in the next several months.
17 As a result, Mr. Owen warned, investment will be more likely to flow toward the other European economies and 'the U.K. will be less prepared for the single market.'
18 Britain's latest trade figures contained some positive news for the economy, such as a surge in the volume of exports, which were 8.5% higher than a year earlier.
19 But while September exports rose to #8.43 billion, imports shot up to #10.37 billion.
20 The resulting #1.9 billion merchandise trade deficit was partly offset by an assumed surplus of #300 million in so-called invisible items, which include income from investments, services and official transfers.
21 Despite the narrowing of the monthly trade gap, economists expect the current account deficit for all of 1989 to swell to about #20 billion from #14.6 billion in 1988.
22 Increasingly, economists say the big deficit reflects the slipping competitive position of British industry. 'When the country gets wealthier, we tend to buy high-quality imports,' Mr. Owen said.
| 1 | Britain ' s current account deficit dropped to # 1 . 6 billion ( $ 2 . 56 billion ) in September from an adjusted # 2 billion ( $ 3 . 21 billion ) the previous month , but the improvement comes amid increasing concern that a recession could strike the U . K . economy next year . | dropped | Why did Britain's account deficit drop? | 6 | 7 |
117 | 161 | 1 Britain's current account deficit dropped to #1.6 billion ($2.56 billion) in September from an adjusted #2 billion ($3.21 billion) the previous month, but the improvement comes amid increasing concern that a recession could strike the U.K. economy next year.
2 The Confederation of British Industry's latest survey shows that business executives expect a pronounced slowdown, largely because of a 16-month series of interest-rate increases that has raised banks' base lending rates to 15%.
3 'The outlook has deteriorated since the summer, with orders and employment falling and output at a standstill,' said David Wigglesworth, chairman of the industry group's economic committee.
4 He also said investment by businesses is falling off.
5 Of 1,224 companies surveyed, 31% expect to cut spending on plant equipment and machinery, while only 28% plan to spend more.
6 But despite mounting recession fears, government data don't yet show the economy grinding to a halt.
7 Unemployment, for example, has continued to decline, and the September trade figures showed increases in both imports and exports.
8 As a result, Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher's government isn't currently expected to ease interest rates before next spring, if then.
9 Chancellor of the Exchequer Nigel Lawson views the high rates as his chief weapon against inflation, which was ignited by tax cuts and loose credit policies in 1986 and 1987.
10 Officials fear that any loosening this year could rekindle inflation or further weaken the pound against other major currencies.
11 Fending off attacks on his economic policies in a House of Commons debate yesterday, Mr. Lawson said inflation 'remains the greatest threat to our economic well-being' and promised to take 'whatever steps are needed' to choke it off.
12 The latest government figures said retail prices in September were up 7.6% from a year earlier.
13 Many economists have started predicting a mild recession next year.
14 David Owen, U.K. economist with Kleinwort Benson Group, reduced his growth forecast for 1990 to 0.7% from 1.2% and termed the risk of recession next year 'quite high.' But he said the downturn probably won't become a 'major contraction' similar to those of 1974 and 1982.
15 Still, Britain's current slump is a cause for concern here as the nation joins in the European Community's plan to create a unified market by 1992.
16 Compared with the major economies on the Continent, the U.K. faces both higher inflation and lower growth in the next several months.
17 As a result, Mr. Owen warned, investment will be more likely to flow toward the other European economies and 'the U.K. will be less prepared for the single market.'
18 Britain's latest trade figures contained some positive news for the economy, such as a surge in the volume of exports, which were 8.5% higher than a year earlier.
19 But while September exports rose to #8.43 billion, imports shot up to #10.37 billion.
20 The resulting #1.9 billion merchandise trade deficit was partly offset by an assumed surplus of #300 million in so-called invisible items, which include income from investments, services and official transfers.
21 Despite the narrowing of the monthly trade gap, economists expect the current account deficit for all of 1989 to swell to about #20 billion from #14.6 billion in 1988.
22 Increasingly, economists say the big deficit reflects the slipping competitive position of British industry. 'When the country gets wealthier, we tend to buy high-quality imports,' Mr. Owen said.
| 2 | The Confederation of British Industry ' s latest survey shows that business executives expect a pronounced slowdown , largely because of a 16 - month series of interest - rate increases that has raised banks ' base lending rates to 15 % . | pronounced slowdown , | how pronounced was it? | 15 | 18 |
118 | 161 | 1 Britain's current account deficit dropped to #1.6 billion ($2.56 billion) in September from an adjusted #2 billion ($3.21 billion) the previous month, but the improvement comes amid increasing concern that a recession could strike the U.K. economy next year.
2 The Confederation of British Industry's latest survey shows that business executives expect a pronounced slowdown, largely because of a 16-month series of interest-rate increases that has raised banks' base lending rates to 15%.
3 'The outlook has deteriorated since the summer, with orders and employment falling and output at a standstill,' said David Wigglesworth, chairman of the industry group's economic committee.
4 He also said investment by businesses is falling off.
5 Of 1,224 companies surveyed, 31% expect to cut spending on plant equipment and machinery, while only 28% plan to spend more.
6 But despite mounting recession fears, government data don't yet show the economy grinding to a halt.
7 Unemployment, for example, has continued to decline, and the September trade figures showed increases in both imports and exports.
8 As a result, Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher's government isn't currently expected to ease interest rates before next spring, if then.
9 Chancellor of the Exchequer Nigel Lawson views the high rates as his chief weapon against inflation, which was ignited by tax cuts and loose credit policies in 1986 and 1987.
10 Officials fear that any loosening this year could rekindle inflation or further weaken the pound against other major currencies.
11 Fending off attacks on his economic policies in a House of Commons debate yesterday, Mr. Lawson said inflation 'remains the greatest threat to our economic well-being' and promised to take 'whatever steps are needed' to choke it off.
12 The latest government figures said retail prices in September were up 7.6% from a year earlier.
13 Many economists have started predicting a mild recession next year.
14 David Owen, U.K. economist with Kleinwort Benson Group, reduced his growth forecast for 1990 to 0.7% from 1.2% and termed the risk of recession next year 'quite high.' But he said the downturn probably won't become a 'major contraction' similar to those of 1974 and 1982.
15 Still, Britain's current slump is a cause for concern here as the nation joins in the European Community's plan to create a unified market by 1992.
16 Compared with the major economies on the Continent, the U.K. faces both higher inflation and lower growth in the next several months.
17 As a result, Mr. Owen warned, investment will be more likely to flow toward the other European economies and 'the U.K. will be less prepared for the single market.'
18 Britain's latest trade figures contained some positive news for the economy, such as a surge in the volume of exports, which were 8.5% higher than a year earlier.
19 But while September exports rose to #8.43 billion, imports shot up to #10.37 billion.
20 The resulting #1.9 billion merchandise trade deficit was partly offset by an assumed surplus of #300 million in so-called invisible items, which include income from investments, services and official transfers.
21 Despite the narrowing of the monthly trade gap, economists expect the current account deficit for all of 1989 to swell to about #20 billion from #14.6 billion in 1988.
22 Increasingly, economists say the big deficit reflects the slipping competitive position of British industry. 'When the country gets wealthier, we tend to buy high-quality imports,' Mr. Owen said.
| 2 | The Confederation of British Industry ' s latest survey shows that business executives expect a pronounced slowdown , largely because of a 16 - month series of interest - rate increases that has raised banks ' base lending rates to 15 % . | business executives expect a pronounced slowdown , | Which business executives? | 11 | 18 |
119 | 161 | 1 Britain's current account deficit dropped to #1.6 billion ($2.56 billion) in September from an adjusted #2 billion ($3.21 billion) the previous month, but the improvement comes amid increasing concern that a recession could strike the U.K. economy next year.
2 The Confederation of British Industry's latest survey shows that business executives expect a pronounced slowdown, largely because of a 16-month series of interest-rate increases that has raised banks' base lending rates to 15%.
3 'The outlook has deteriorated since the summer, with orders and employment falling and output at a standstill,' said David Wigglesworth, chairman of the industry group's economic committee.
4 He also said investment by businesses is falling off.
5 Of 1,224 companies surveyed, 31% expect to cut spending on plant equipment and machinery, while only 28% plan to spend more.
6 But despite mounting recession fears, government data don't yet show the economy grinding to a halt.
7 Unemployment, for example, has continued to decline, and the September trade figures showed increases in both imports and exports.
8 As a result, Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher's government isn't currently expected to ease interest rates before next spring, if then.
9 Chancellor of the Exchequer Nigel Lawson views the high rates as his chief weapon against inflation, which was ignited by tax cuts and loose credit policies in 1986 and 1987.
10 Officials fear that any loosening this year could rekindle inflation or further weaken the pound against other major currencies.
11 Fending off attacks on his economic policies in a House of Commons debate yesterday, Mr. Lawson said inflation 'remains the greatest threat to our economic well-being' and promised to take 'whatever steps are needed' to choke it off.
12 The latest government figures said retail prices in September were up 7.6% from a year earlier.
13 Many economists have started predicting a mild recession next year.
14 David Owen, U.K. economist with Kleinwort Benson Group, reduced his growth forecast for 1990 to 0.7% from 1.2% and termed the risk of recession next year 'quite high.' But he said the downturn probably won't become a 'major contraction' similar to those of 1974 and 1982.
15 Still, Britain's current slump is a cause for concern here as the nation joins in the European Community's plan to create a unified market by 1992.
16 Compared with the major economies on the Continent, the U.K. faces both higher inflation and lower growth in the next several months.
17 As a result, Mr. Owen warned, investment will be more likely to flow toward the other European economies and 'the U.K. will be less prepared for the single market.'
18 Britain's latest trade figures contained some positive news for the economy, such as a surge in the volume of exports, which were 8.5% higher than a year earlier.
19 But while September exports rose to #8.43 billion, imports shot up to #10.37 billion.
20 The resulting #1.9 billion merchandise trade deficit was partly offset by an assumed surplus of #300 million in so-called invisible items, which include income from investments, services and official transfers.
21 Despite the narrowing of the monthly trade gap, economists expect the current account deficit for all of 1989 to swell to about #20 billion from #14.6 billion in 1988.
22 Increasingly, economists say the big deficit reflects the slipping competitive position of British industry. 'When the country gets wealthier, we tend to buy high-quality imports,' Mr. Owen said.
| 2 | The Confederation of British Industry ' s latest survey shows that business executives expect a pronounced slowdown , largely because of a 16 - month series of interest - rate increases that has raised banks ' base lending rates to 15 % . | interest - rate increases | Why did the interest-rate increase? | 27 | 31 |
120 | 161 | 1 Britain's current account deficit dropped to #1.6 billion ($2.56 billion) in September from an adjusted #2 billion ($3.21 billion) the previous month, but the improvement comes amid increasing concern that a recession could strike the U.K. economy next year.
2 The Confederation of British Industry's latest survey shows that business executives expect a pronounced slowdown, largely because of a 16-month series of interest-rate increases that has raised banks' base lending rates to 15%.
3 'The outlook has deteriorated since the summer, with orders and employment falling and output at a standstill,' said David Wigglesworth, chairman of the industry group's economic committee.
4 He also said investment by businesses is falling off.
5 Of 1,224 companies surveyed, 31% expect to cut spending on plant equipment and machinery, while only 28% plan to spend more.
6 But despite mounting recession fears, government data don't yet show the economy grinding to a halt.
7 Unemployment, for example, has continued to decline, and the September trade figures showed increases in both imports and exports.
8 As a result, Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher's government isn't currently expected to ease interest rates before next spring, if then.
9 Chancellor of the Exchequer Nigel Lawson views the high rates as his chief weapon against inflation, which was ignited by tax cuts and loose credit policies in 1986 and 1987.
10 Officials fear that any loosening this year could rekindle inflation or further weaken the pound against other major currencies.
11 Fending off attacks on his economic policies in a House of Commons debate yesterday, Mr. Lawson said inflation 'remains the greatest threat to our economic well-being' and promised to take 'whatever steps are needed' to choke it off.
12 The latest government figures said retail prices in September were up 7.6% from a year earlier.
13 Many economists have started predicting a mild recession next year.
14 David Owen, U.K. economist with Kleinwort Benson Group, reduced his growth forecast for 1990 to 0.7% from 1.2% and termed the risk of recession next year 'quite high.' But he said the downturn probably won't become a 'major contraction' similar to those of 1974 and 1982.
15 Still, Britain's current slump is a cause for concern here as the nation joins in the European Community's plan to create a unified market by 1992.
16 Compared with the major economies on the Continent, the U.K. faces both higher inflation and lower growth in the next several months.
17 As a result, Mr. Owen warned, investment will be more likely to flow toward the other European economies and 'the U.K. will be less prepared for the single market.'
18 Britain's latest trade figures contained some positive news for the economy, such as a surge in the volume of exports, which were 8.5% higher than a year earlier.
19 But while September exports rose to #8.43 billion, imports shot up to #10.37 billion.
20 The resulting #1.9 billion merchandise trade deficit was partly offset by an assumed surplus of #300 million in so-called invisible items, which include income from investments, services and official transfers.
21 Despite the narrowing of the monthly trade gap, economists expect the current account deficit for all of 1989 to swell to about #20 billion from #14.6 billion in 1988.
22 Increasingly, economists say the big deficit reflects the slipping competitive position of British industry. 'When the country gets wealthier, we tend to buy high-quality imports,' Mr. Owen said.
| 4 | He also said investment by businesses is falling off . | falling off | Why is investment by business failling off? | 7 | 9 |
121 | 161 | 1 Britain's current account deficit dropped to #1.6 billion ($2.56 billion) in September from an adjusted #2 billion ($3.21 billion) the previous month, but the improvement comes amid increasing concern that a recession could strike the U.K. economy next year.
2 The Confederation of British Industry's latest survey shows that business executives expect a pronounced slowdown, largely because of a 16-month series of interest-rate increases that has raised banks' base lending rates to 15%.
3 'The outlook has deteriorated since the summer, with orders and employment falling and output at a standstill,' said David Wigglesworth, chairman of the industry group's economic committee.
4 He also said investment by businesses is falling off.
5 Of 1,224 companies surveyed, 31% expect to cut spending on plant equipment and machinery, while only 28% plan to spend more.
6 But despite mounting recession fears, government data don't yet show the economy grinding to a halt.
7 Unemployment, for example, has continued to decline, and the September trade figures showed increases in both imports and exports.
8 As a result, Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher's government isn't currently expected to ease interest rates before next spring, if then.
9 Chancellor of the Exchequer Nigel Lawson views the high rates as his chief weapon against inflation, which was ignited by tax cuts and loose credit policies in 1986 and 1987.
10 Officials fear that any loosening this year could rekindle inflation or further weaken the pound against other major currencies.
11 Fending off attacks on his economic policies in a House of Commons debate yesterday, Mr. Lawson said inflation 'remains the greatest threat to our economic well-being' and promised to take 'whatever steps are needed' to choke it off.
12 The latest government figures said retail prices in September were up 7.6% from a year earlier.
13 Many economists have started predicting a mild recession next year.
14 David Owen, U.K. economist with Kleinwort Benson Group, reduced his growth forecast for 1990 to 0.7% from 1.2% and termed the risk of recession next year 'quite high.' But he said the downturn probably won't become a 'major contraction' similar to those of 1974 and 1982.
15 Still, Britain's current slump is a cause for concern here as the nation joins in the European Community's plan to create a unified market by 1992.
16 Compared with the major economies on the Continent, the U.K. faces both higher inflation and lower growth in the next several months.
17 As a result, Mr. Owen warned, investment will be more likely to flow toward the other European economies and 'the U.K. will be less prepared for the single market.'
18 Britain's latest trade figures contained some positive news for the economy, such as a surge in the volume of exports, which were 8.5% higher than a year earlier.
19 But while September exports rose to #8.43 billion, imports shot up to #10.37 billion.
20 The resulting #1.9 billion merchandise trade deficit was partly offset by an assumed surplus of #300 million in so-called invisible items, which include income from investments, services and official transfers.
21 Despite the narrowing of the monthly trade gap, economists expect the current account deficit for all of 1989 to swell to about #20 billion from #14.6 billion in 1988.
22 Increasingly, economists say the big deficit reflects the slipping competitive position of British industry. 'When the country gets wealthier, we tend to buy high-quality imports,' Mr. Owen said.
| 4 | He also said investment by businesses is falling off . | falling off | why exactly? | 7 | 9 |
122 | 161 | 1 Britain's current account deficit dropped to #1.6 billion ($2.56 billion) in September from an adjusted #2 billion ($3.21 billion) the previous month, but the improvement comes amid increasing concern that a recession could strike the U.K. economy next year.
2 The Confederation of British Industry's latest survey shows that business executives expect a pronounced slowdown, largely because of a 16-month series of interest-rate increases that has raised banks' base lending rates to 15%.
3 'The outlook has deteriorated since the summer, with orders and employment falling and output at a standstill,' said David Wigglesworth, chairman of the industry group's economic committee.
4 He also said investment by businesses is falling off.
5 Of 1,224 companies surveyed, 31% expect to cut spending on plant equipment and machinery, while only 28% plan to spend more.
6 But despite mounting recession fears, government data don't yet show the economy grinding to a halt.
7 Unemployment, for example, has continued to decline, and the September trade figures showed increases in both imports and exports.
8 As a result, Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher's government isn't currently expected to ease interest rates before next spring, if then.
9 Chancellor of the Exchequer Nigel Lawson views the high rates as his chief weapon against inflation, which was ignited by tax cuts and loose credit policies in 1986 and 1987.
10 Officials fear that any loosening this year could rekindle inflation or further weaken the pound against other major currencies.
11 Fending off attacks on his economic policies in a House of Commons debate yesterday, Mr. Lawson said inflation 'remains the greatest threat to our economic well-being' and promised to take 'whatever steps are needed' to choke it off.
12 The latest government figures said retail prices in September were up 7.6% from a year earlier.
13 Many economists have started predicting a mild recession next year.
14 David Owen, U.K. economist with Kleinwort Benson Group, reduced his growth forecast for 1990 to 0.7% from 1.2% and termed the risk of recession next year 'quite high.' But he said the downturn probably won't become a 'major contraction' similar to those of 1974 and 1982.
15 Still, Britain's current slump is a cause for concern here as the nation joins in the European Community's plan to create a unified market by 1992.
16 Compared with the major economies on the Continent, the U.K. faces both higher inflation and lower growth in the next several months.
17 As a result, Mr. Owen warned, investment will be more likely to flow toward the other European economies and 'the U.K. will be less prepared for the single market.'
18 Britain's latest trade figures contained some positive news for the economy, such as a surge in the volume of exports, which were 8.5% higher than a year earlier.
19 But while September exports rose to #8.43 billion, imports shot up to #10.37 billion.
20 The resulting #1.9 billion merchandise trade deficit was partly offset by an assumed surplus of #300 million in so-called invisible items, which include income from investments, services and official transfers.
21 Despite the narrowing of the monthly trade gap, economists expect the current account deficit for all of 1989 to swell to about #20 billion from #14.6 billion in 1988.
22 Increasingly, economists say the big deficit reflects the slipping competitive position of British industry. 'When the country gets wealthier, we tend to buy high-quality imports,' Mr. Owen said.
| 4 | He also said investment by businesses is falling off . | investment by businesses is falling off | What does investment by businesses is falling off mean? | 3 | 9 |
123 | 161 | 1 Britain's current account deficit dropped to #1.6 billion ($2.56 billion) in September from an adjusted #2 billion ($3.21 billion) the previous month, but the improvement comes amid increasing concern that a recession could strike the U.K. economy next year.
2 The Confederation of British Industry's latest survey shows that business executives expect a pronounced slowdown, largely because of a 16-month series of interest-rate increases that has raised banks' base lending rates to 15%.
3 'The outlook has deteriorated since the summer, with orders and employment falling and output at a standstill,' said David Wigglesworth, chairman of the industry group's economic committee.
4 He also said investment by businesses is falling off.
5 Of 1,224 companies surveyed, 31% expect to cut spending on plant equipment and machinery, while only 28% plan to spend more.
6 But despite mounting recession fears, government data don't yet show the economy grinding to a halt.
7 Unemployment, for example, has continued to decline, and the September trade figures showed increases in both imports and exports.
8 As a result, Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher's government isn't currently expected to ease interest rates before next spring, if then.
9 Chancellor of the Exchequer Nigel Lawson views the high rates as his chief weapon against inflation, which was ignited by tax cuts and loose credit policies in 1986 and 1987.
10 Officials fear that any loosening this year could rekindle inflation or further weaken the pound against other major currencies.
11 Fending off attacks on his economic policies in a House of Commons debate yesterday, Mr. Lawson said inflation 'remains the greatest threat to our economic well-being' and promised to take 'whatever steps are needed' to choke it off.
12 The latest government figures said retail prices in September were up 7.6% from a year earlier.
13 Many economists have started predicting a mild recession next year.
14 David Owen, U.K. economist with Kleinwort Benson Group, reduced his growth forecast for 1990 to 0.7% from 1.2% and termed the risk of recession next year 'quite high.' But he said the downturn probably won't become a 'major contraction' similar to those of 1974 and 1982.
15 Still, Britain's current slump is a cause for concern here as the nation joins in the European Community's plan to create a unified market by 1992.
16 Compared with the major economies on the Continent, the U.K. faces both higher inflation and lower growth in the next several months.
17 As a result, Mr. Owen warned, investment will be more likely to flow toward the other European economies and 'the U.K. will be less prepared for the single market.'
18 Britain's latest trade figures contained some positive news for the economy, such as a surge in the volume of exports, which were 8.5% higher than a year earlier.
19 But while September exports rose to #8.43 billion, imports shot up to #10.37 billion.
20 The resulting #1.9 billion merchandise trade deficit was partly offset by an assumed surplus of #300 million in so-called invisible items, which include income from investments, services and official transfers.
21 Despite the narrowing of the monthly trade gap, economists expect the current account deficit for all of 1989 to swell to about #20 billion from #14.6 billion in 1988.
22 Increasingly, economists say the big deficit reflects the slipping competitive position of British industry. 'When the country gets wealthier, we tend to buy high-quality imports,' Mr. Owen said.
| 4 | He also said investment by businesses is falling off . | falling off | Why is business investment falling off? | 7 | 9 |
124 | 161 | 1 Britain's current account deficit dropped to #1.6 billion ($2.56 billion) in September from an adjusted #2 billion ($3.21 billion) the previous month, but the improvement comes amid increasing concern that a recession could strike the U.K. economy next year.
2 The Confederation of British Industry's latest survey shows that business executives expect a pronounced slowdown, largely because of a 16-month series of interest-rate increases that has raised banks' base lending rates to 15%.
3 'The outlook has deteriorated since the summer, with orders and employment falling and output at a standstill,' said David Wigglesworth, chairman of the industry group's economic committee.
4 He also said investment by businesses is falling off.
5 Of 1,224 companies surveyed, 31% expect to cut spending on plant equipment and machinery, while only 28% plan to spend more.
6 But despite mounting recession fears, government data don't yet show the economy grinding to a halt.
7 Unemployment, for example, has continued to decline, and the September trade figures showed increases in both imports and exports.
8 As a result, Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher's government isn't currently expected to ease interest rates before next spring, if then.
9 Chancellor of the Exchequer Nigel Lawson views the high rates as his chief weapon against inflation, which was ignited by tax cuts and loose credit policies in 1986 and 1987.
10 Officials fear that any loosening this year could rekindle inflation or further weaken the pound against other major currencies.
11 Fending off attacks on his economic policies in a House of Commons debate yesterday, Mr. Lawson said inflation 'remains the greatest threat to our economic well-being' and promised to take 'whatever steps are needed' to choke it off.
12 The latest government figures said retail prices in September were up 7.6% from a year earlier.
13 Many economists have started predicting a mild recession next year.
14 David Owen, U.K. economist with Kleinwort Benson Group, reduced his growth forecast for 1990 to 0.7% from 1.2% and termed the risk of recession next year 'quite high.' But he said the downturn probably won't become a 'major contraction' similar to those of 1974 and 1982.
15 Still, Britain's current slump is a cause for concern here as the nation joins in the European Community's plan to create a unified market by 1992.
16 Compared with the major economies on the Continent, the U.K. faces both higher inflation and lower growth in the next several months.
17 As a result, Mr. Owen warned, investment will be more likely to flow toward the other European economies and 'the U.K. will be less prepared for the single market.'
18 Britain's latest trade figures contained some positive news for the economy, such as a surge in the volume of exports, which were 8.5% higher than a year earlier.
19 But while September exports rose to #8.43 billion, imports shot up to #10.37 billion.
20 The resulting #1.9 billion merchandise trade deficit was partly offset by an assumed surplus of #300 million in so-called invisible items, which include income from investments, services and official transfers.
21 Despite the narrowing of the monthly trade gap, economists expect the current account deficit for all of 1989 to swell to about #20 billion from #14.6 billion in 1988.
22 Increasingly, economists say the big deficit reflects the slipping competitive position of British industry. 'When the country gets wealthier, we tend to buy high-quality imports,' Mr. Owen said.
| 5 | Of 1 , 224 companies surveyed , 31 % expect to cut spending on plant equipment and machinery , while only 28 % plan to spend more . | cut | Why did the companies surveyed cut their spending. | 11 | 12 |
125 | 161 | 1 Britain's current account deficit dropped to #1.6 billion ($2.56 billion) in September from an adjusted #2 billion ($3.21 billion) the previous month, but the improvement comes amid increasing concern that a recession could strike the U.K. economy next year.
2 The Confederation of British Industry's latest survey shows that business executives expect a pronounced slowdown, largely because of a 16-month series of interest-rate increases that has raised banks' base lending rates to 15%.
3 'The outlook has deteriorated since the summer, with orders and employment falling and output at a standstill,' said David Wigglesworth, chairman of the industry group's economic committee.
4 He also said investment by businesses is falling off.
5 Of 1,224 companies surveyed, 31% expect to cut spending on plant equipment and machinery, while only 28% plan to spend more.
6 But despite mounting recession fears, government data don't yet show the economy grinding to a halt.
7 Unemployment, for example, has continued to decline, and the September trade figures showed increases in both imports and exports.
8 As a result, Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher's government isn't currently expected to ease interest rates before next spring, if then.
9 Chancellor of the Exchequer Nigel Lawson views the high rates as his chief weapon against inflation, which was ignited by tax cuts and loose credit policies in 1986 and 1987.
10 Officials fear that any loosening this year could rekindle inflation or further weaken the pound against other major currencies.
11 Fending off attacks on his economic policies in a House of Commons debate yesterday, Mr. Lawson said inflation 'remains the greatest threat to our economic well-being' and promised to take 'whatever steps are needed' to choke it off.
12 The latest government figures said retail prices in September were up 7.6% from a year earlier.
13 Many economists have started predicting a mild recession next year.
14 David Owen, U.K. economist with Kleinwort Benson Group, reduced his growth forecast for 1990 to 0.7% from 1.2% and termed the risk of recession next year 'quite high.' But he said the downturn probably won't become a 'major contraction' similar to those of 1974 and 1982.
15 Still, Britain's current slump is a cause for concern here as the nation joins in the European Community's plan to create a unified market by 1992.
16 Compared with the major economies on the Continent, the U.K. faces both higher inflation and lower growth in the next several months.
17 As a result, Mr. Owen warned, investment will be more likely to flow toward the other European economies and 'the U.K. will be less prepared for the single market.'
18 Britain's latest trade figures contained some positive news for the economy, such as a surge in the volume of exports, which were 8.5% higher than a year earlier.
19 But while September exports rose to #8.43 billion, imports shot up to #10.37 billion.
20 The resulting #1.9 billion merchandise trade deficit was partly offset by an assumed surplus of #300 million in so-called invisible items, which include income from investments, services and official transfers.
21 Despite the narrowing of the monthly trade gap, economists expect the current account deficit for all of 1989 to swell to about #20 billion from #14.6 billion in 1988.
22 Increasingly, economists say the big deficit reflects the slipping competitive position of British industry. 'When the country gets wealthier, we tend to buy high-quality imports,' Mr. Owen said.
| 5 | Of 1 , 224 companies surveyed , 31 % expect to cut spending on plant equipment and machinery , while only 28 % plan to spend more . | 28 % plan | why are they spending more? | 21 | 24 |
126 | 162 | 1 Yields on certificates of deposit at major banks were little changed in the latest week.
2 The average yield on six-month CDs of $50,000 and less slipped to 7.96% from 8.00%, according to Banxquote Money Markets, an information service based here.
3 On one-year CDs of $50,000 and less, the average slid to 8.02% from 8.06%.
4 Both issues are among the most popular with individual investors.
5 'Because of shrinkage in the economy, rates can be expected to decline over a one-year horizon,' said Norberto Mehl, chairman of Banxquote. 'It's unclear how much rates can fall and how soon.'
6 Changes in CD yields in the week ended Tuesday were in line with blips up and down within a fairly narrow range for the last two months.
7 Interest rates generally began declining last spring after moving steadily upward for more than a year.
8 The average yield on small-denomination three-month CDs moved up two-hundredths of a percentage point in the latest week to 7.85%.
9 Long-term CDs declined just a fraction.
10 The average yield on both two-year CDs and five-year CDs was 7.98%.
11 Only CDs sold by major brokerage firms posted significant increases in average yields in the latest week, reflecting increased yields on Treasury bills sold at Monday's auction.
12 The average yield on six-month broker-sold CDs rose to 8.29% from 8.05% and on one-year CDs the average yield rose to 8.30% from 8.09%.
13 The brokerage firms, which negotiate rates with the banks and thrifts whose CDs they sell, generally feel they have to offer clients more than they can get on T-bills or from banks and thrifts directly.
14 T-bills sold at Monday's auction yielded 7.90% for six months and 7.77% for three months, up from 7.82% and 7.61%, respectively, the week before.
15 So-called jumbo CDs, typically in denominations of $90,000 and up, also usually follow T-bills and interest rate trends in general more than those aimed at small investors.
16 Some jumbos posted fractional changes in average yields this week, both up and down.
17 The average yield on threemonth jumbos rose to 8.00% from 7.96%, while the two-year average fell by the same amount to 7.89%.
18 Six-month and oneyear yields were unchanged, on average.
19 'The (CD) market is unsettled right now,' said Banxquote's Mr. Mehl. 'It's very easily influenced by changes in the stock market and the junk bond market.'
20 The small changes in averages reflect generally unchanged yields at many major banks.
21 Some, however, lowered yields significantly.
22 At Chase Manhattan Bank in New York, for example, the yield on a small denomination six-month CD fell about a quarter of a percentage point to 8.06%.
23 In California, Bank of America dropped the yield on both six-month and one-year 'savings' CDs to 8.33% from 8.61%.
24 Yields on money-market deposits were unchanged at an average 6.96% for $50,000 and less and down just a hundredth of a percentage point to 7.41% for jumbo deposits.
| 1 | Yields on certificates of deposit at major banks were little changed in the latest week . | Yields on certificates | What are yields on certificates of deposit? | 0 | 3 |
127 | 162 | 1 Yields on certificates of deposit at major banks were little changed in the latest week.
2 The average yield on six-month CDs of $50,000 and less slipped to 7.96% from 8.00%, according to Banxquote Money Markets, an information service based here.
3 On one-year CDs of $50,000 and less, the average slid to 8.02% from 8.06%.
4 Both issues are among the most popular with individual investors.
5 'Because of shrinkage in the economy, rates can be expected to decline over a one-year horizon,' said Norberto Mehl, chairman of Banxquote. 'It's unclear how much rates can fall and how soon.'
6 Changes in CD yields in the week ended Tuesday were in line with blips up and down within a fairly narrow range for the last two months.
7 Interest rates generally began declining last spring after moving steadily upward for more than a year.
8 The average yield on small-denomination three-month CDs moved up two-hundredths of a percentage point in the latest week to 7.85%.
9 Long-term CDs declined just a fraction.
10 The average yield on both two-year CDs and five-year CDs was 7.98%.
11 Only CDs sold by major brokerage firms posted significant increases in average yields in the latest week, reflecting increased yields on Treasury bills sold at Monday's auction.
12 The average yield on six-month broker-sold CDs rose to 8.29% from 8.05% and on one-year CDs the average yield rose to 8.30% from 8.09%.
13 The brokerage firms, which negotiate rates with the banks and thrifts whose CDs they sell, generally feel they have to offer clients more than they can get on T-bills or from banks and thrifts directly.
14 T-bills sold at Monday's auction yielded 7.90% for six months and 7.77% for three months, up from 7.82% and 7.61%, respectively, the week before.
15 So-called jumbo CDs, typically in denominations of $90,000 and up, also usually follow T-bills and interest rate trends in general more than those aimed at small investors.
16 Some jumbos posted fractional changes in average yields this week, both up and down.
17 The average yield on threemonth jumbos rose to 8.00% from 7.96%, while the two-year average fell by the same amount to 7.89%.
18 Six-month and oneyear yields were unchanged, on average.
19 'The (CD) market is unsettled right now,' said Banxquote's Mr. Mehl. 'It's very easily influenced by changes in the stock market and the junk bond market.'
20 The small changes in averages reflect generally unchanged yields at many major banks.
21 Some, however, lowered yields significantly.
22 At Chase Manhattan Bank in New York, for example, the yield on a small denomination six-month CD fell about a quarter of a percentage point to 8.06%.
23 In California, Bank of America dropped the yield on both six-month and one-year 'savings' CDs to 8.33% from 8.61%.
24 Yields on money-market deposits were unchanged at an average 6.96% for $50,000 and less and down just a hundredth of a percentage point to 7.41% for jumbo deposits.
| 1 | Yields on certificates of deposit at major banks were little changed in the latest week . | latest | What exactly is the timeline and when is it being compared to? | 13 | 14 |
128 | 162 | 1 Yields on certificates of deposit at major banks were little changed in the latest week.
2 The average yield on six-month CDs of $50,000 and less slipped to 7.96% from 8.00%, according to Banxquote Money Markets, an information service based here.
3 On one-year CDs of $50,000 and less, the average slid to 8.02% from 8.06%.
4 Both issues are among the most popular with individual investors.
5 'Because of shrinkage in the economy, rates can be expected to decline over a one-year horizon,' said Norberto Mehl, chairman of Banxquote. 'It's unclear how much rates can fall and how soon.'
6 Changes in CD yields in the week ended Tuesday were in line with blips up and down within a fairly narrow range for the last two months.
7 Interest rates generally began declining last spring after moving steadily upward for more than a year.
8 The average yield on small-denomination three-month CDs moved up two-hundredths of a percentage point in the latest week to 7.85%.
9 Long-term CDs declined just a fraction.
10 The average yield on both two-year CDs and five-year CDs was 7.98%.
11 Only CDs sold by major brokerage firms posted significant increases in average yields in the latest week, reflecting increased yields on Treasury bills sold at Monday's auction.
12 The average yield on six-month broker-sold CDs rose to 8.29% from 8.05% and on one-year CDs the average yield rose to 8.30% from 8.09%.
13 The brokerage firms, which negotiate rates with the banks and thrifts whose CDs they sell, generally feel they have to offer clients more than they can get on T-bills or from banks and thrifts directly.
14 T-bills sold at Monday's auction yielded 7.90% for six months and 7.77% for three months, up from 7.82% and 7.61%, respectively, the week before.
15 So-called jumbo CDs, typically in denominations of $90,000 and up, also usually follow T-bills and interest rate trends in general more than those aimed at small investors.
16 Some jumbos posted fractional changes in average yields this week, both up and down.
17 The average yield on threemonth jumbos rose to 8.00% from 7.96%, while the two-year average fell by the same amount to 7.89%.
18 Six-month and oneyear yields were unchanged, on average.
19 'The (CD) market is unsettled right now,' said Banxquote's Mr. Mehl. 'It's very easily influenced by changes in the stock market and the junk bond market.'
20 The small changes in averages reflect generally unchanged yields at many major banks.
21 Some, however, lowered yields significantly.
22 At Chase Manhattan Bank in New York, for example, the yield on a small denomination six-month CD fell about a quarter of a percentage point to 8.06%.
23 In California, Bank of America dropped the yield on both six-month and one-year 'savings' CDs to 8.33% from 8.61%.
24 Yields on money-market deposits were unchanged at an average 6.96% for $50,000 and less and down just a hundredth of a percentage point to 7.41% for jumbo deposits.
| 2 | The average yield on six - month CDs of $ 50 , 000 and less slipped to 7 . 96 % from 8 . 00 % , according to Banxquote Money Markets , an information service based here . | Banxquote Money Markets , | Where is Banxquote Money Markets located? | 29 | 33 |
129 | 162 | 1 Yields on certificates of deposit at major banks were little changed in the latest week.
2 The average yield on six-month CDs of $50,000 and less slipped to 7.96% from 8.00%, according to Banxquote Money Markets, an information service based here.
3 On one-year CDs of $50,000 and less, the average slid to 8.02% from 8.06%.
4 Both issues are among the most popular with individual investors.
5 'Because of shrinkage in the economy, rates can be expected to decline over a one-year horizon,' said Norberto Mehl, chairman of Banxquote. 'It's unclear how much rates can fall and how soon.'
6 Changes in CD yields in the week ended Tuesday were in line with blips up and down within a fairly narrow range for the last two months.
7 Interest rates generally began declining last spring after moving steadily upward for more than a year.
8 The average yield on small-denomination three-month CDs moved up two-hundredths of a percentage point in the latest week to 7.85%.
9 Long-term CDs declined just a fraction.
10 The average yield on both two-year CDs and five-year CDs was 7.98%.
11 Only CDs sold by major brokerage firms posted significant increases in average yields in the latest week, reflecting increased yields on Treasury bills sold at Monday's auction.
12 The average yield on six-month broker-sold CDs rose to 8.29% from 8.05% and on one-year CDs the average yield rose to 8.30% from 8.09%.
13 The brokerage firms, which negotiate rates with the banks and thrifts whose CDs they sell, generally feel they have to offer clients more than they can get on T-bills or from banks and thrifts directly.
14 T-bills sold at Monday's auction yielded 7.90% for six months and 7.77% for three months, up from 7.82% and 7.61%, respectively, the week before.
15 So-called jumbo CDs, typically in denominations of $90,000 and up, also usually follow T-bills and interest rate trends in general more than those aimed at small investors.
16 Some jumbos posted fractional changes in average yields this week, both up and down.
17 The average yield on threemonth jumbos rose to 8.00% from 7.96%, while the two-year average fell by the same amount to 7.89%.
18 Six-month and oneyear yields were unchanged, on average.
19 'The (CD) market is unsettled right now,' said Banxquote's Mr. Mehl. 'It's very easily influenced by changes in the stock market and the junk bond market.'
20 The small changes in averages reflect generally unchanged yields at many major banks.
21 Some, however, lowered yields significantly.
22 At Chase Manhattan Bank in New York, for example, the yield on a small denomination six-month CD fell about a quarter of a percentage point to 8.06%.
23 In California, Bank of America dropped the yield on both six-month and one-year 'savings' CDs to 8.33% from 8.61%.
24 Yields on money-market deposits were unchanged at an average 6.96% for $50,000 and less and down just a hundredth of a percentage point to 7.41% for jumbo deposits.
| 2 | The average yield on six - month CDs of $ 50 , 000 and less slipped to 7 . 96 % from 8 . 00 % , according to Banxquote Money Markets , an information service based here . | 8 . 00 % , | Is this considered a significant amount? | 22 | 27 |
130 | 162 | 1 Yields on certificates of deposit at major banks were little changed in the latest week.
2 The average yield on six-month CDs of $50,000 and less slipped to 7.96% from 8.00%, according to Banxquote Money Markets, an information service based here.
3 On one-year CDs of $50,000 and less, the average slid to 8.02% from 8.06%.
4 Both issues are among the most popular with individual investors.
5 'Because of shrinkage in the economy, rates can be expected to decline over a one-year horizon,' said Norberto Mehl, chairman of Banxquote. 'It's unclear how much rates can fall and how soon.'
6 Changes in CD yields in the week ended Tuesday were in line with blips up and down within a fairly narrow range for the last two months.
7 Interest rates generally began declining last spring after moving steadily upward for more than a year.
8 The average yield on small-denomination three-month CDs moved up two-hundredths of a percentage point in the latest week to 7.85%.
9 Long-term CDs declined just a fraction.
10 The average yield on both two-year CDs and five-year CDs was 7.98%.
11 Only CDs sold by major brokerage firms posted significant increases in average yields in the latest week, reflecting increased yields on Treasury bills sold at Monday's auction.
12 The average yield on six-month broker-sold CDs rose to 8.29% from 8.05% and on one-year CDs the average yield rose to 8.30% from 8.09%.
13 The brokerage firms, which negotiate rates with the banks and thrifts whose CDs they sell, generally feel they have to offer clients more than they can get on T-bills or from banks and thrifts directly.
14 T-bills sold at Monday's auction yielded 7.90% for six months and 7.77% for three months, up from 7.82% and 7.61%, respectively, the week before.
15 So-called jumbo CDs, typically in denominations of $90,000 and up, also usually follow T-bills and interest rate trends in general more than those aimed at small investors.
16 Some jumbos posted fractional changes in average yields this week, both up and down.
17 The average yield on threemonth jumbos rose to 8.00% from 7.96%, while the two-year average fell by the same amount to 7.89%.
18 Six-month and oneyear yields were unchanged, on average.
19 'The (CD) market is unsettled right now,' said Banxquote's Mr. Mehl. 'It's very easily influenced by changes in the stock market and the junk bond market.'
20 The small changes in averages reflect generally unchanged yields at many major banks.
21 Some, however, lowered yields significantly.
22 At Chase Manhattan Bank in New York, for example, the yield on a small denomination six-month CD fell about a quarter of a percentage point to 8.06%.
23 In California, Bank of America dropped the yield on both six-month and one-year 'savings' CDs to 8.33% from 8.61%.
24 Yields on money-market deposits were unchanged at an average 6.96% for $50,000 and less and down just a hundredth of a percentage point to 7.41% for jumbo deposits.
| 3 | On one - year CDs of $ 50 , 000 and less , the average slid to 8 . 02 % from 8 . 06 % . | the average slid to 8 . 02 % from 8 . 06 % | Why did this average decrease? | 13 | 26 |
131 | 162 | 1 Yields on certificates of deposit at major banks were little changed in the latest week.
2 The average yield on six-month CDs of $50,000 and less slipped to 7.96% from 8.00%, according to Banxquote Money Markets, an information service based here.
3 On one-year CDs of $50,000 and less, the average slid to 8.02% from 8.06%.
4 Both issues are among the most popular with individual investors.
5 'Because of shrinkage in the economy, rates can be expected to decline over a one-year horizon,' said Norberto Mehl, chairman of Banxquote. 'It's unclear how much rates can fall and how soon.'
6 Changes in CD yields in the week ended Tuesday were in line with blips up and down within a fairly narrow range for the last two months.
7 Interest rates generally began declining last spring after moving steadily upward for more than a year.
8 The average yield on small-denomination three-month CDs moved up two-hundredths of a percentage point in the latest week to 7.85%.
9 Long-term CDs declined just a fraction.
10 The average yield on both two-year CDs and five-year CDs was 7.98%.
11 Only CDs sold by major brokerage firms posted significant increases in average yields in the latest week, reflecting increased yields on Treasury bills sold at Monday's auction.
12 The average yield on six-month broker-sold CDs rose to 8.29% from 8.05% and on one-year CDs the average yield rose to 8.30% from 8.09%.
13 The brokerage firms, which negotiate rates with the banks and thrifts whose CDs they sell, generally feel they have to offer clients more than they can get on T-bills or from banks and thrifts directly.
14 T-bills sold at Monday's auction yielded 7.90% for six months and 7.77% for three months, up from 7.82% and 7.61%, respectively, the week before.
15 So-called jumbo CDs, typically in denominations of $90,000 and up, also usually follow T-bills and interest rate trends in general more than those aimed at small investors.
16 Some jumbos posted fractional changes in average yields this week, both up and down.
17 The average yield on threemonth jumbos rose to 8.00% from 7.96%, while the two-year average fell by the same amount to 7.89%.
18 Six-month and oneyear yields were unchanged, on average.
19 'The (CD) market is unsettled right now,' said Banxquote's Mr. Mehl. 'It's very easily influenced by changes in the stock market and the junk bond market.'
20 The small changes in averages reflect generally unchanged yields at many major banks.
21 Some, however, lowered yields significantly.
22 At Chase Manhattan Bank in New York, for example, the yield on a small denomination six-month CD fell about a quarter of a percentage point to 8.06%.
23 In California, Bank of America dropped the yield on both six-month and one-year 'savings' CDs to 8.33% from 8.61%.
24 Yields on money-market deposits were unchanged at an average 6.96% for $50,000 and less and down just a hundredth of a percentage point to 7.41% for jumbo deposits.
| 3 | On one - year CDs of $ 50 , 000 and less , the average slid to 8 . 02 % from 8 . 06 % . | 8 . 06 % | How did this difference come about? | 22 | 26 |
132 | 162 | 1 Yields on certificates of deposit at major banks were little changed in the latest week.
2 The average yield on six-month CDs of $50,000 and less slipped to 7.96% from 8.00%, according to Banxquote Money Markets, an information service based here.
3 On one-year CDs of $50,000 and less, the average slid to 8.02% from 8.06%.
4 Both issues are among the most popular with individual investors.
5 'Because of shrinkage in the economy, rates can be expected to decline over a one-year horizon,' said Norberto Mehl, chairman of Banxquote. 'It's unclear how much rates can fall and how soon.'
6 Changes in CD yields in the week ended Tuesday were in line with blips up and down within a fairly narrow range for the last two months.
7 Interest rates generally began declining last spring after moving steadily upward for more than a year.
8 The average yield on small-denomination three-month CDs moved up two-hundredths of a percentage point in the latest week to 7.85%.
9 Long-term CDs declined just a fraction.
10 The average yield on both two-year CDs and five-year CDs was 7.98%.
11 Only CDs sold by major brokerage firms posted significant increases in average yields in the latest week, reflecting increased yields on Treasury bills sold at Monday's auction.
12 The average yield on six-month broker-sold CDs rose to 8.29% from 8.05% and on one-year CDs the average yield rose to 8.30% from 8.09%.
13 The brokerage firms, which negotiate rates with the banks and thrifts whose CDs they sell, generally feel they have to offer clients more than they can get on T-bills or from banks and thrifts directly.
14 T-bills sold at Monday's auction yielded 7.90% for six months and 7.77% for three months, up from 7.82% and 7.61%, respectively, the week before.
15 So-called jumbo CDs, typically in denominations of $90,000 and up, also usually follow T-bills and interest rate trends in general more than those aimed at small investors.
16 Some jumbos posted fractional changes in average yields this week, both up and down.
17 The average yield on threemonth jumbos rose to 8.00% from 7.96%, while the two-year average fell by the same amount to 7.89%.
18 Six-month and oneyear yields were unchanged, on average.
19 'The (CD) market is unsettled right now,' said Banxquote's Mr. Mehl. 'It's very easily influenced by changes in the stock market and the junk bond market.'
20 The small changes in averages reflect generally unchanged yields at many major banks.
21 Some, however, lowered yields significantly.
22 At Chase Manhattan Bank in New York, for example, the yield on a small denomination six-month CD fell about a quarter of a percentage point to 8.06%.
23 In California, Bank of America dropped the yield on both six-month and one-year 'savings' CDs to 8.33% from 8.61%.
24 Yields on money-market deposits were unchanged at an average 6.96% for $50,000 and less and down just a hundredth of a percentage point to 7.41% for jumbo deposits.
| 3 | On one - year CDs of $ 50 , 000 and less , the average slid to 8 . 02 % from 8 . 06 % . | 8 . 02 % from 8 . 06 % | is that small? | 17 | 26 |
133 | 162 | 1 Yields on certificates of deposit at major banks were little changed in the latest week.
2 The average yield on six-month CDs of $50,000 and less slipped to 7.96% from 8.00%, according to Banxquote Money Markets, an information service based here.
3 On one-year CDs of $50,000 and less, the average slid to 8.02% from 8.06%.
4 Both issues are among the most popular with individual investors.
5 'Because of shrinkage in the economy, rates can be expected to decline over a one-year horizon,' said Norberto Mehl, chairman of Banxquote. 'It's unclear how much rates can fall and how soon.'
6 Changes in CD yields in the week ended Tuesday were in line with blips up and down within a fairly narrow range for the last two months.
7 Interest rates generally began declining last spring after moving steadily upward for more than a year.
8 The average yield on small-denomination three-month CDs moved up two-hundredths of a percentage point in the latest week to 7.85%.
9 Long-term CDs declined just a fraction.
10 The average yield on both two-year CDs and five-year CDs was 7.98%.
11 Only CDs sold by major brokerage firms posted significant increases in average yields in the latest week, reflecting increased yields on Treasury bills sold at Monday's auction.
12 The average yield on six-month broker-sold CDs rose to 8.29% from 8.05% and on one-year CDs the average yield rose to 8.30% from 8.09%.
13 The brokerage firms, which negotiate rates with the banks and thrifts whose CDs they sell, generally feel they have to offer clients more than they can get on T-bills or from banks and thrifts directly.
14 T-bills sold at Monday's auction yielded 7.90% for six months and 7.77% for three months, up from 7.82% and 7.61%, respectively, the week before.
15 So-called jumbo CDs, typically in denominations of $90,000 and up, also usually follow T-bills and interest rate trends in general more than those aimed at small investors.
16 Some jumbos posted fractional changes in average yields this week, both up and down.
17 The average yield on threemonth jumbos rose to 8.00% from 7.96%, while the two-year average fell by the same amount to 7.89%.
18 Six-month and oneyear yields were unchanged, on average.
19 'The (CD) market is unsettled right now,' said Banxquote's Mr. Mehl. 'It's very easily influenced by changes in the stock market and the junk bond market.'
20 The small changes in averages reflect generally unchanged yields at many major banks.
21 Some, however, lowered yields significantly.
22 At Chase Manhattan Bank in New York, for example, the yield on a small denomination six-month CD fell about a quarter of a percentage point to 8.06%.
23 In California, Bank of America dropped the yield on both six-month and one-year 'savings' CDs to 8.33% from 8.61%.
24 Yields on money-market deposits were unchanged at an average 6.96% for $50,000 and less and down just a hundredth of a percentage point to 7.41% for jumbo deposits.
| 4 | Both issues are among the most popular with individual investors . | among the most popular | Why are they among the most popular? | 3 | 7 |
134 | 162 | 1 Yields on certificates of deposit at major banks were little changed in the latest week.
2 The average yield on six-month CDs of $50,000 and less slipped to 7.96% from 8.00%, according to Banxquote Money Markets, an information service based here.
3 On one-year CDs of $50,000 and less, the average slid to 8.02% from 8.06%.
4 Both issues are among the most popular with individual investors.
5 'Because of shrinkage in the economy, rates can be expected to decline over a one-year horizon,' said Norberto Mehl, chairman of Banxquote. 'It's unclear how much rates can fall and how soon.'
6 Changes in CD yields in the week ended Tuesday were in line with blips up and down within a fairly narrow range for the last two months.
7 Interest rates generally began declining last spring after moving steadily upward for more than a year.
8 The average yield on small-denomination three-month CDs moved up two-hundredths of a percentage point in the latest week to 7.85%.
9 Long-term CDs declined just a fraction.
10 The average yield on both two-year CDs and five-year CDs was 7.98%.
11 Only CDs sold by major brokerage firms posted significant increases in average yields in the latest week, reflecting increased yields on Treasury bills sold at Monday's auction.
12 The average yield on six-month broker-sold CDs rose to 8.29% from 8.05% and on one-year CDs the average yield rose to 8.30% from 8.09%.
13 The brokerage firms, which negotiate rates with the banks and thrifts whose CDs they sell, generally feel they have to offer clients more than they can get on T-bills or from banks and thrifts directly.
14 T-bills sold at Monday's auction yielded 7.90% for six months and 7.77% for three months, up from 7.82% and 7.61%, respectively, the week before.
15 So-called jumbo CDs, typically in denominations of $90,000 and up, also usually follow T-bills and interest rate trends in general more than those aimed at small investors.
16 Some jumbos posted fractional changes in average yields this week, both up and down.
17 The average yield on threemonth jumbos rose to 8.00% from 7.96%, while the two-year average fell by the same amount to 7.89%.
18 Six-month and oneyear yields were unchanged, on average.
19 'The (CD) market is unsettled right now,' said Banxquote's Mr. Mehl. 'It's very easily influenced by changes in the stock market and the junk bond market.'
20 The small changes in averages reflect generally unchanged yields at many major banks.
21 Some, however, lowered yields significantly.
22 At Chase Manhattan Bank in New York, for example, the yield on a small denomination six-month CD fell about a quarter of a percentage point to 8.06%.
23 In California, Bank of America dropped the yield on both six-month and one-year 'savings' CDs to 8.33% from 8.61%.
24 Yields on money-market deposits were unchanged at an average 6.96% for $50,000 and less and down just a hundredth of a percentage point to 7.41% for jumbo deposits.
| 4 | Both issues are among the most popular with individual investors . | Both issues are among the most popular | Why are these issues popular ? | 0 | 7 |
135 | 162 | 1 Yields on certificates of deposit at major banks were little changed in the latest week.
2 The average yield on six-month CDs of $50,000 and less slipped to 7.96% from 8.00%, according to Banxquote Money Markets, an information service based here.
3 On one-year CDs of $50,000 and less, the average slid to 8.02% from 8.06%.
4 Both issues are among the most popular with individual investors.
5 'Because of shrinkage in the economy, rates can be expected to decline over a one-year horizon,' said Norberto Mehl, chairman of Banxquote. 'It's unclear how much rates can fall and how soon.'
6 Changes in CD yields in the week ended Tuesday were in line with blips up and down within a fairly narrow range for the last two months.
7 Interest rates generally began declining last spring after moving steadily upward for more than a year.
8 The average yield on small-denomination three-month CDs moved up two-hundredths of a percentage point in the latest week to 7.85%.
9 Long-term CDs declined just a fraction.
10 The average yield on both two-year CDs and five-year CDs was 7.98%.
11 Only CDs sold by major brokerage firms posted significant increases in average yields in the latest week, reflecting increased yields on Treasury bills sold at Monday's auction.
12 The average yield on six-month broker-sold CDs rose to 8.29% from 8.05% and on one-year CDs the average yield rose to 8.30% from 8.09%.
13 The brokerage firms, which negotiate rates with the banks and thrifts whose CDs they sell, generally feel they have to offer clients more than they can get on T-bills or from banks and thrifts directly.
14 T-bills sold at Monday's auction yielded 7.90% for six months and 7.77% for three months, up from 7.82% and 7.61%, respectively, the week before.
15 So-called jumbo CDs, typically in denominations of $90,000 and up, also usually follow T-bills and interest rate trends in general more than those aimed at small investors.
16 Some jumbos posted fractional changes in average yields this week, both up and down.
17 The average yield on threemonth jumbos rose to 8.00% from 7.96%, while the two-year average fell by the same amount to 7.89%.
18 Six-month and oneyear yields were unchanged, on average.
19 'The (CD) market is unsettled right now,' said Banxquote's Mr. Mehl. 'It's very easily influenced by changes in the stock market and the junk bond market.'
20 The small changes in averages reflect generally unchanged yields at many major banks.
21 Some, however, lowered yields significantly.
22 At Chase Manhattan Bank in New York, for example, the yield on a small denomination six-month CD fell about a quarter of a percentage point to 8.06%.
23 In California, Bank of America dropped the yield on both six-month and one-year 'savings' CDs to 8.33% from 8.61%.
24 Yields on money-market deposits were unchanged at an average 6.96% for $50,000 and less and down just a hundredth of a percentage point to 7.41% for jumbo deposits.
| 4 | Both issues are among the most popular with individual investors . | individual | What is the reasoning behind this? | 8 | 9 |
136 | 162 | 1 Yields on certificates of deposit at major banks were little changed in the latest week.
2 The average yield on six-month CDs of $50,000 and less slipped to 7.96% from 8.00%, according to Banxquote Money Markets, an information service based here.
3 On one-year CDs of $50,000 and less, the average slid to 8.02% from 8.06%.
4 Both issues are among the most popular with individual investors.
5 'Because of shrinkage in the economy, rates can be expected to decline over a one-year horizon,' said Norberto Mehl, chairman of Banxquote. 'It's unclear how much rates can fall and how soon.'
6 Changes in CD yields in the week ended Tuesday were in line with blips up and down within a fairly narrow range for the last two months.
7 Interest rates generally began declining last spring after moving steadily upward for more than a year.
8 The average yield on small-denomination three-month CDs moved up two-hundredths of a percentage point in the latest week to 7.85%.
9 Long-term CDs declined just a fraction.
10 The average yield on both two-year CDs and five-year CDs was 7.98%.
11 Only CDs sold by major brokerage firms posted significant increases in average yields in the latest week, reflecting increased yields on Treasury bills sold at Monday's auction.
12 The average yield on six-month broker-sold CDs rose to 8.29% from 8.05% and on one-year CDs the average yield rose to 8.30% from 8.09%.
13 The brokerage firms, which negotiate rates with the banks and thrifts whose CDs they sell, generally feel they have to offer clients more than they can get on T-bills or from banks and thrifts directly.
14 T-bills sold at Monday's auction yielded 7.90% for six months and 7.77% for three months, up from 7.82% and 7.61%, respectively, the week before.
15 So-called jumbo CDs, typically in denominations of $90,000 and up, also usually follow T-bills and interest rate trends in general more than those aimed at small investors.
16 Some jumbos posted fractional changes in average yields this week, both up and down.
17 The average yield on threemonth jumbos rose to 8.00% from 7.96%, while the two-year average fell by the same amount to 7.89%.
18 Six-month and oneyear yields were unchanged, on average.
19 'The (CD) market is unsettled right now,' said Banxquote's Mr. Mehl. 'It's very easily influenced by changes in the stock market and the junk bond market.'
20 The small changes in averages reflect generally unchanged yields at many major banks.
21 Some, however, lowered yields significantly.
22 At Chase Manhattan Bank in New York, for example, the yield on a small denomination six-month CD fell about a quarter of a percentage point to 8.06%.
23 In California, Bank of America dropped the yield on both six-month and one-year 'savings' CDs to 8.33% from 8.61%.
24 Yields on money-market deposits were unchanged at an average 6.96% for $50,000 and less and down just a hundredth of a percentage point to 7.41% for jumbo deposits.
| 4 | Both issues are among the most popular with individual investors . | most popular | why are they popular? | 5 | 7 |
137 | 162 | 1 Yields on certificates of deposit at major banks were little changed in the latest week.
2 The average yield on six-month CDs of $50,000 and less slipped to 7.96% from 8.00%, according to Banxquote Money Markets, an information service based here.
3 On one-year CDs of $50,000 and less, the average slid to 8.02% from 8.06%.
4 Both issues are among the most popular with individual investors.
5 'Because of shrinkage in the economy, rates can be expected to decline over a one-year horizon,' said Norberto Mehl, chairman of Banxquote. 'It's unclear how much rates can fall and how soon.'
6 Changes in CD yields in the week ended Tuesday were in line with blips up and down within a fairly narrow range for the last two months.
7 Interest rates generally began declining last spring after moving steadily upward for more than a year.
8 The average yield on small-denomination three-month CDs moved up two-hundredths of a percentage point in the latest week to 7.85%.
9 Long-term CDs declined just a fraction.
10 The average yield on both two-year CDs and five-year CDs was 7.98%.
11 Only CDs sold by major brokerage firms posted significant increases in average yields in the latest week, reflecting increased yields on Treasury bills sold at Monday's auction.
12 The average yield on six-month broker-sold CDs rose to 8.29% from 8.05% and on one-year CDs the average yield rose to 8.30% from 8.09%.
13 The brokerage firms, which negotiate rates with the banks and thrifts whose CDs they sell, generally feel they have to offer clients more than they can get on T-bills or from banks and thrifts directly.
14 T-bills sold at Monday's auction yielded 7.90% for six months and 7.77% for three months, up from 7.82% and 7.61%, respectively, the week before.
15 So-called jumbo CDs, typically in denominations of $90,000 and up, also usually follow T-bills and interest rate trends in general more than those aimed at small investors.
16 Some jumbos posted fractional changes in average yields this week, both up and down.
17 The average yield on threemonth jumbos rose to 8.00% from 7.96%, while the two-year average fell by the same amount to 7.89%.
18 Six-month and oneyear yields were unchanged, on average.
19 'The (CD) market is unsettled right now,' said Banxquote's Mr. Mehl. 'It's very easily influenced by changes in the stock market and the junk bond market.'
20 The small changes in averages reflect generally unchanged yields at many major banks.
21 Some, however, lowered yields significantly.
22 At Chase Manhattan Bank in New York, for example, the yield on a small denomination six-month CD fell about a quarter of a percentage point to 8.06%.
23 In California, Bank of America dropped the yield on both six-month and one-year 'savings' CDs to 8.33% from 8.61%.
24 Yields on money-market deposits were unchanged at an average 6.96% for $50,000 and less and down just a hundredth of a percentage point to 7.41% for jumbo deposits.
| 5 | " Because of shrinkage in the economy , rates can be expected to decline over a one - year horizon , " said Norberto Mehl , chairman of Banxquote . " It ' s unclear how much rates can fall and how soon . " | unclear how much rates can fall and how soon | How does one determine how soon and how much rates can fall? | 34 | 43 |
138 | 162 | 1 Yields on certificates of deposit at major banks were little changed in the latest week.
2 The average yield on six-month CDs of $50,000 and less slipped to 7.96% from 8.00%, according to Banxquote Money Markets, an information service based here.
3 On one-year CDs of $50,000 and less, the average slid to 8.02% from 8.06%.
4 Both issues are among the most popular with individual investors.
5 'Because of shrinkage in the economy, rates can be expected to decline over a one-year horizon,' said Norberto Mehl, chairman of Banxquote. 'It's unclear how much rates can fall and how soon.'
6 Changes in CD yields in the week ended Tuesday were in line with blips up and down within a fairly narrow range for the last two months.
7 Interest rates generally began declining last spring after moving steadily upward for more than a year.
8 The average yield on small-denomination three-month CDs moved up two-hundredths of a percentage point in the latest week to 7.85%.
9 Long-term CDs declined just a fraction.
10 The average yield on both two-year CDs and five-year CDs was 7.98%.
11 Only CDs sold by major brokerage firms posted significant increases in average yields in the latest week, reflecting increased yields on Treasury bills sold at Monday's auction.
12 The average yield on six-month broker-sold CDs rose to 8.29% from 8.05% and on one-year CDs the average yield rose to 8.30% from 8.09%.
13 The brokerage firms, which negotiate rates with the banks and thrifts whose CDs they sell, generally feel they have to offer clients more than they can get on T-bills or from banks and thrifts directly.
14 T-bills sold at Monday's auction yielded 7.90% for six months and 7.77% for three months, up from 7.82% and 7.61%, respectively, the week before.
15 So-called jumbo CDs, typically in denominations of $90,000 and up, also usually follow T-bills and interest rate trends in general more than those aimed at small investors.
16 Some jumbos posted fractional changes in average yields this week, both up and down.
17 The average yield on threemonth jumbos rose to 8.00% from 7.96%, while the two-year average fell by the same amount to 7.89%.
18 Six-month and oneyear yields were unchanged, on average.
19 'The (CD) market is unsettled right now,' said Banxquote's Mr. Mehl. 'It's very easily influenced by changes in the stock market and the junk bond market.'
20 The small changes in averages reflect generally unchanged yields at many major banks.
21 Some, however, lowered yields significantly.
22 At Chase Manhattan Bank in New York, for example, the yield on a small denomination six-month CD fell about a quarter of a percentage point to 8.06%.
23 In California, Bank of America dropped the yield on both six-month and one-year 'savings' CDs to 8.33% from 8.61%.
24 Yields on money-market deposits were unchanged at an average 6.96% for $50,000 and less and down just a hundredth of a percentage point to 7.41% for jumbo deposits.
| 5 | " Because of shrinkage in the economy , rates can be expected to decline over a one - year horizon , " said Norberto Mehl , chairman of Banxquote . " It ' s unclear how much rates can fall and how soon . " | shrinkage | what is shrinkage? | 3 | 4 |
139 | 163 | 1 HomeFed Corp. said third-quarter net income slid 14% to $23.9 million, or $1.10 per fully diluted share, from $27.9 million, or $1.21 a fully diluted share, because of increased bad assets and unexpected trouble in unloading foreclosed property.
2 The decline surprised analysts and jolted HomeFed's stock, which lost 8.6% of its value, closing at $38.50 on the New York Stock Exchange, down $3.625.
3 HomeFed had been one of the handful of large West Coast thrifts that in recent quarters had counteracted interest-rate problems dogging the industry by keeping a lid on problem assets and lending heavily into the furious California housing market.
4 Analysts had been projecting fully diluted earnings in the third quarter in the range of about $1.30 a share.
5 However, HomeFed's loan originations and purchases plunged 26% in the quarter, to $1.4 billion from $1.9 billion a year earlier.
6 Meanwhile, non-performing assets rose to $593 million from $518.7 million.
7 Some $380 million of the troubled assets is repossessed real estate, a 55.6% surge from the $244.2 million of repossesed property HomeFed held a year ago.
8 HomeFed has $17.9 billion of assets.
9 HomeFed said most of the troubled assets are apartment complexes, shopping malls and other commercial real estate.
10 It said about half are in California, with the rest scattered across the country.
11 It said sales of such properties were slower than anticipated in the third quarter, but it expects sales to pick up in the rest of the year.
12 HomeFed said the slide in loan originations was more a matter of design than a sign of cooling in the California market.
13 Any such downturn in California would be grim news for West Coast thrifts, particularly the less healthy ones, which have performed poorly even with a torrid market.
14 But HomeFed said it purposely curbed loan originations in the quarter because of uncertainty over the new capital requirements and regulations that will emerge from negotiations over implementing the government's massive thrift bailout bill.
15 It said its real-estate operations earned a record $21.7 million, more than double year-earlier real estate profit of $9 million.
16 And analysts said they see no signs of an imminent swoon in California real estate, even with last week's earthquake.
17 The thrift said earnings also were nicked in the quarter by a $4 million provision for losses associated with its previously reported plan to liquidate a real-estate franchise network.
18 For the nine months, HomeFed earned $82.5 million, or $3.52 a fully diluted share, a 4.3% increase from year-earlier net income of $79.1 million, or $3.43 a fully diluted share.
| 1 | HomeFed Corp . said third - quarter net income slid 14 % to $ 23 . 9 million , or $ 1 . 10 per fully diluted share , from $ 27 . 9 million , or $ 1 . 21 a fully diluted share , because of increased bad assets and unexpected trouble in unloading foreclosed property . | unexpected trouble in unloading foreclosed | What caused the unexpected trouble in selling properties? | 52 | 57 |
140 | 163 | 1 HomeFed Corp. said third-quarter net income slid 14% to $23.9 million, or $1.10 per fully diluted share, from $27.9 million, or $1.21 a fully diluted share, because of increased bad assets and unexpected trouble in unloading foreclosed property.
2 The decline surprised analysts and jolted HomeFed's stock, which lost 8.6% of its value, closing at $38.50 on the New York Stock Exchange, down $3.625.
3 HomeFed had been one of the handful of large West Coast thrifts that in recent quarters had counteracted interest-rate problems dogging the industry by keeping a lid on problem assets and lending heavily into the furious California housing market.
4 Analysts had been projecting fully diluted earnings in the third quarter in the range of about $1.30 a share.
5 However, HomeFed's loan originations and purchases plunged 26% in the quarter, to $1.4 billion from $1.9 billion a year earlier.
6 Meanwhile, non-performing assets rose to $593 million from $518.7 million.
7 Some $380 million of the troubled assets is repossessed real estate, a 55.6% surge from the $244.2 million of repossesed property HomeFed held a year ago.
8 HomeFed has $17.9 billion of assets.
9 HomeFed said most of the troubled assets are apartment complexes, shopping malls and other commercial real estate.
10 It said about half are in California, with the rest scattered across the country.
11 It said sales of such properties were slower than anticipated in the third quarter, but it expects sales to pick up in the rest of the year.
12 HomeFed said the slide in loan originations was more a matter of design than a sign of cooling in the California market.
13 Any such downturn in California would be grim news for West Coast thrifts, particularly the less healthy ones, which have performed poorly even with a torrid market.
14 But HomeFed said it purposely curbed loan originations in the quarter because of uncertainty over the new capital requirements and regulations that will emerge from negotiations over implementing the government's massive thrift bailout bill.
15 It said its real-estate operations earned a record $21.7 million, more than double year-earlier real estate profit of $9 million.
16 And analysts said they see no signs of an imminent swoon in California real estate, even with last week's earthquake.
17 The thrift said earnings also were nicked in the quarter by a $4 million provision for losses associated with its previously reported plan to liquidate a real-estate franchise network.
18 For the nine months, HomeFed earned $82.5 million, or $3.52 a fully diluted share, a 4.3% increase from year-earlier net income of $79.1 million, or $3.43 a fully diluted share.
| 1 | HomeFed Corp . said third - quarter net income slid 14 % to $ 23 . 9 million , or $ 1 . 10 per fully diluted share , from $ 27 . 9 million , or $ 1 . 21 a fully diluted share , because of increased bad assets and unexpected trouble in unloading foreclosed property . | bad assets | What makes their assets bad? | 49 | 51 |
141 | 163 | 1 HomeFed Corp. said third-quarter net income slid 14% to $23.9 million, or $1.10 per fully diluted share, from $27.9 million, or $1.21 a fully diluted share, because of increased bad assets and unexpected trouble in unloading foreclosed property.
2 The decline surprised analysts and jolted HomeFed's stock, which lost 8.6% of its value, closing at $38.50 on the New York Stock Exchange, down $3.625.
3 HomeFed had been one of the handful of large West Coast thrifts that in recent quarters had counteracted interest-rate problems dogging the industry by keeping a lid on problem assets and lending heavily into the furious California housing market.
4 Analysts had been projecting fully diluted earnings in the third quarter in the range of about $1.30 a share.
5 However, HomeFed's loan originations and purchases plunged 26% in the quarter, to $1.4 billion from $1.9 billion a year earlier.
6 Meanwhile, non-performing assets rose to $593 million from $518.7 million.
7 Some $380 million of the troubled assets is repossessed real estate, a 55.6% surge from the $244.2 million of repossesed property HomeFed held a year ago.
8 HomeFed has $17.9 billion of assets.
9 HomeFed said most of the troubled assets are apartment complexes, shopping malls and other commercial real estate.
10 It said about half are in California, with the rest scattered across the country.
11 It said sales of such properties were slower than anticipated in the third quarter, but it expects sales to pick up in the rest of the year.
12 HomeFed said the slide in loan originations was more a matter of design than a sign of cooling in the California market.
13 Any such downturn in California would be grim news for West Coast thrifts, particularly the less healthy ones, which have performed poorly even with a torrid market.
14 But HomeFed said it purposely curbed loan originations in the quarter because of uncertainty over the new capital requirements and regulations that will emerge from negotiations over implementing the government's massive thrift bailout bill.
15 It said its real-estate operations earned a record $21.7 million, more than double year-earlier real estate profit of $9 million.
16 And analysts said they see no signs of an imminent swoon in California real estate, even with last week's earthquake.
17 The thrift said earnings also were nicked in the quarter by a $4 million provision for losses associated with its previously reported plan to liquidate a real-estate franchise network.
18 For the nine months, HomeFed earned $82.5 million, or $3.52 a fully diluted share, a 4.3% increase from year-earlier net income of $79.1 million, or $3.43 a fully diluted share.
| 1 | HomeFed Corp . said third - quarter net income slid 14 % to $ 23 . 9 million , or $ 1 . 10 per fully diluted share , from $ 27 . 9 million , or $ 1 . 21 a fully diluted share , because of increased bad assets and unexpected trouble in unloading foreclosed property . | fully diluted share , | What is a fully diluted share? | 25 | 29 |
142 | 163 | 1 HomeFed Corp. said third-quarter net income slid 14% to $23.9 million, or $1.10 per fully diluted share, from $27.9 million, or $1.21 a fully diluted share, because of increased bad assets and unexpected trouble in unloading foreclosed property.
2 The decline surprised analysts and jolted HomeFed's stock, which lost 8.6% of its value, closing at $38.50 on the New York Stock Exchange, down $3.625.
3 HomeFed had been one of the handful of large West Coast thrifts that in recent quarters had counteracted interest-rate problems dogging the industry by keeping a lid on problem assets and lending heavily into the furious California housing market.
4 Analysts had been projecting fully diluted earnings in the third quarter in the range of about $1.30 a share.
5 However, HomeFed's loan originations and purchases plunged 26% in the quarter, to $1.4 billion from $1.9 billion a year earlier.
6 Meanwhile, non-performing assets rose to $593 million from $518.7 million.
7 Some $380 million of the troubled assets is repossessed real estate, a 55.6% surge from the $244.2 million of repossesed property HomeFed held a year ago.
8 HomeFed has $17.9 billion of assets.
9 HomeFed said most of the troubled assets are apartment complexes, shopping malls and other commercial real estate.
10 It said about half are in California, with the rest scattered across the country.
11 It said sales of such properties were slower than anticipated in the third quarter, but it expects sales to pick up in the rest of the year.
12 HomeFed said the slide in loan originations was more a matter of design than a sign of cooling in the California market.
13 Any such downturn in California would be grim news for West Coast thrifts, particularly the less healthy ones, which have performed poorly even with a torrid market.
14 But HomeFed said it purposely curbed loan originations in the quarter because of uncertainty over the new capital requirements and regulations that will emerge from negotiations over implementing the government's massive thrift bailout bill.
15 It said its real-estate operations earned a record $21.7 million, more than double year-earlier real estate profit of $9 million.
16 And analysts said they see no signs of an imminent swoon in California real estate, even with last week's earthquake.
17 The thrift said earnings also were nicked in the quarter by a $4 million provision for losses associated with its previously reported plan to liquidate a real-estate franchise network.
18 For the nine months, HomeFed earned $82.5 million, or $3.52 a fully diluted share, a 4.3% increase from year-earlier net income of $79.1 million, or $3.43 a fully diluted share.
| 2 | The decline surprised analysts and jolted HomeFed ' s stock , which lost 8 . 6 % of its value , closing at $ 38 . 50 on the New York Stock Exchange , down $ 3 . 625 . | decline surprised analysts | Why were analysts suprprised by the decline? | 1 | 4 |
143 | 163 | 1 HomeFed Corp. said third-quarter net income slid 14% to $23.9 million, or $1.10 per fully diluted share, from $27.9 million, or $1.21 a fully diluted share, because of increased bad assets and unexpected trouble in unloading foreclosed property.
2 The decline surprised analysts and jolted HomeFed's stock, which lost 8.6% of its value, closing at $38.50 on the New York Stock Exchange, down $3.625.
3 HomeFed had been one of the handful of large West Coast thrifts that in recent quarters had counteracted interest-rate problems dogging the industry by keeping a lid on problem assets and lending heavily into the furious California housing market.
4 Analysts had been projecting fully diluted earnings in the third quarter in the range of about $1.30 a share.
5 However, HomeFed's loan originations and purchases plunged 26% in the quarter, to $1.4 billion from $1.9 billion a year earlier.
6 Meanwhile, non-performing assets rose to $593 million from $518.7 million.
7 Some $380 million of the troubled assets is repossessed real estate, a 55.6% surge from the $244.2 million of repossesed property HomeFed held a year ago.
8 HomeFed has $17.9 billion of assets.
9 HomeFed said most of the troubled assets are apartment complexes, shopping malls and other commercial real estate.
10 It said about half are in California, with the rest scattered across the country.
11 It said sales of such properties were slower than anticipated in the third quarter, but it expects sales to pick up in the rest of the year.
12 HomeFed said the slide in loan originations was more a matter of design than a sign of cooling in the California market.
13 Any such downturn in California would be grim news for West Coast thrifts, particularly the less healthy ones, which have performed poorly even with a torrid market.
14 But HomeFed said it purposely curbed loan originations in the quarter because of uncertainty over the new capital requirements and regulations that will emerge from negotiations over implementing the government's massive thrift bailout bill.
15 It said its real-estate operations earned a record $21.7 million, more than double year-earlier real estate profit of $9 million.
16 And analysts said they see no signs of an imminent swoon in California real estate, even with last week's earthquake.
17 The thrift said earnings also were nicked in the quarter by a $4 million provision for losses associated with its previously reported plan to liquidate a real-estate franchise network.
18 For the nine months, HomeFed earned $82.5 million, or $3.52 a fully diluted share, a 4.3% increase from year-earlier net income of $79.1 million, or $3.43 a fully diluted share.
| 2 | The decline surprised analysts and jolted HomeFed ' s stock , which lost 8 . 6 % of its value , closing at $ 38 . 50 on the New York Stock Exchange , down $ 3 . 625 . | surprised analysts | Why did the decline surprise analysts? | 2 | 4 |
144 | 163 | 1 HomeFed Corp. said third-quarter net income slid 14% to $23.9 million, or $1.10 per fully diluted share, from $27.9 million, or $1.21 a fully diluted share, because of increased bad assets and unexpected trouble in unloading foreclosed property.
2 The decline surprised analysts and jolted HomeFed's stock, which lost 8.6% of its value, closing at $38.50 on the New York Stock Exchange, down $3.625.
3 HomeFed had been one of the handful of large West Coast thrifts that in recent quarters had counteracted interest-rate problems dogging the industry by keeping a lid on problem assets and lending heavily into the furious California housing market.
4 Analysts had been projecting fully diluted earnings in the third quarter in the range of about $1.30 a share.
5 However, HomeFed's loan originations and purchases plunged 26% in the quarter, to $1.4 billion from $1.9 billion a year earlier.
6 Meanwhile, non-performing assets rose to $593 million from $518.7 million.
7 Some $380 million of the troubled assets is repossessed real estate, a 55.6% surge from the $244.2 million of repossesed property HomeFed held a year ago.
8 HomeFed has $17.9 billion of assets.
9 HomeFed said most of the troubled assets are apartment complexes, shopping malls and other commercial real estate.
10 It said about half are in California, with the rest scattered across the country.
11 It said sales of such properties were slower than anticipated in the third quarter, but it expects sales to pick up in the rest of the year.
12 HomeFed said the slide in loan originations was more a matter of design than a sign of cooling in the California market.
13 Any such downturn in California would be grim news for West Coast thrifts, particularly the less healthy ones, which have performed poorly even with a torrid market.
14 But HomeFed said it purposely curbed loan originations in the quarter because of uncertainty over the new capital requirements and regulations that will emerge from negotiations over implementing the government's massive thrift bailout bill.
15 It said its real-estate operations earned a record $21.7 million, more than double year-earlier real estate profit of $9 million.
16 And analysts said they see no signs of an imminent swoon in California real estate, even with last week's earthquake.
17 The thrift said earnings also were nicked in the quarter by a $4 million provision for losses associated with its previously reported plan to liquidate a real-estate franchise network.
18 For the nine months, HomeFed earned $82.5 million, or $3.52 a fully diluted share, a 4.3% increase from year-earlier net income of $79.1 million, or $3.43 a fully diluted share.
| 3 | HomeFed had been one of the handful of large West Coast thrifts that in recent quarters had counteracted interest - rate problems dogging the industry by keeping a lid on problem assets and lending heavily into the furious California housing market . | keeping a lid on problem assets | How had HomeFed been keeping a lid on problem assets? | 26 | 32 |
145 | 163 | 1 HomeFed Corp. said third-quarter net income slid 14% to $23.9 million, or $1.10 per fully diluted share, from $27.9 million, or $1.21 a fully diluted share, because of increased bad assets and unexpected trouble in unloading foreclosed property.
2 The decline surprised analysts and jolted HomeFed's stock, which lost 8.6% of its value, closing at $38.50 on the New York Stock Exchange, down $3.625.
3 HomeFed had been one of the handful of large West Coast thrifts that in recent quarters had counteracted interest-rate problems dogging the industry by keeping a lid on problem assets and lending heavily into the furious California housing market.
4 Analysts had been projecting fully diluted earnings in the third quarter in the range of about $1.30 a share.
5 However, HomeFed's loan originations and purchases plunged 26% in the quarter, to $1.4 billion from $1.9 billion a year earlier.
6 Meanwhile, non-performing assets rose to $593 million from $518.7 million.
7 Some $380 million of the troubled assets is repossessed real estate, a 55.6% surge from the $244.2 million of repossesed property HomeFed held a year ago.
8 HomeFed has $17.9 billion of assets.
9 HomeFed said most of the troubled assets are apartment complexes, shopping malls and other commercial real estate.
10 It said about half are in California, with the rest scattered across the country.
11 It said sales of such properties were slower than anticipated in the third quarter, but it expects sales to pick up in the rest of the year.
12 HomeFed said the slide in loan originations was more a matter of design than a sign of cooling in the California market.
13 Any such downturn in California would be grim news for West Coast thrifts, particularly the less healthy ones, which have performed poorly even with a torrid market.
14 But HomeFed said it purposely curbed loan originations in the quarter because of uncertainty over the new capital requirements and regulations that will emerge from negotiations over implementing the government's massive thrift bailout bill.
15 It said its real-estate operations earned a record $21.7 million, more than double year-earlier real estate profit of $9 million.
16 And analysts said they see no signs of an imminent swoon in California real estate, even with last week's earthquake.
17 The thrift said earnings also were nicked in the quarter by a $4 million provision for losses associated with its previously reported plan to liquidate a real-estate franchise network.
18 For the nine months, HomeFed earned $82.5 million, or $3.52 a fully diluted share, a 4.3% increase from year-earlier net income of $79.1 million, or $3.43 a fully diluted share.
| 4 | Analysts had been projecting fully diluted earnings in the third quarter in the range of about $ 1 . 30 a share . | diluted earnings | What is a diluted earning? | 5 | 7 |
146 | 163 | 1 HomeFed Corp. said third-quarter net income slid 14% to $23.9 million, or $1.10 per fully diluted share, from $27.9 million, or $1.21 a fully diluted share, because of increased bad assets and unexpected trouble in unloading foreclosed property.
2 The decline surprised analysts and jolted HomeFed's stock, which lost 8.6% of its value, closing at $38.50 on the New York Stock Exchange, down $3.625.
3 HomeFed had been one of the handful of large West Coast thrifts that in recent quarters had counteracted interest-rate problems dogging the industry by keeping a lid on problem assets and lending heavily into the furious California housing market.
4 Analysts had been projecting fully diluted earnings in the third quarter in the range of about $1.30 a share.
5 However, HomeFed's loan originations and purchases plunged 26% in the quarter, to $1.4 billion from $1.9 billion a year earlier.
6 Meanwhile, non-performing assets rose to $593 million from $518.7 million.
7 Some $380 million of the troubled assets is repossessed real estate, a 55.6% surge from the $244.2 million of repossesed property HomeFed held a year ago.
8 HomeFed has $17.9 billion of assets.
9 HomeFed said most of the troubled assets are apartment complexes, shopping malls and other commercial real estate.
10 It said about half are in California, with the rest scattered across the country.
11 It said sales of such properties were slower than anticipated in the third quarter, but it expects sales to pick up in the rest of the year.
12 HomeFed said the slide in loan originations was more a matter of design than a sign of cooling in the California market.
13 Any such downturn in California would be grim news for West Coast thrifts, particularly the less healthy ones, which have performed poorly even with a torrid market.
14 But HomeFed said it purposely curbed loan originations in the quarter because of uncertainty over the new capital requirements and regulations that will emerge from negotiations over implementing the government's massive thrift bailout bill.
15 It said its real-estate operations earned a record $21.7 million, more than double year-earlier real estate profit of $9 million.
16 And analysts said they see no signs of an imminent swoon in California real estate, even with last week's earthquake.
17 The thrift said earnings also were nicked in the quarter by a $4 million provision for losses associated with its previously reported plan to liquidate a real-estate franchise network.
18 For the nine months, HomeFed earned $82.5 million, or $3.52 a fully diluted share, a 4.3% increase from year-earlier net income of $79.1 million, or $3.43 a fully diluted share.
| 5 | However , HomeFed ' s loan originations and purchases plunged 26 % in the quarter , to $ 1 . 4 billion from $ 1 . 9 billion a year earlier . | originations | What is an origination? | 6 | 7 |
147 | 164 | 1 MORGAN STANLEY, THE ONCE STODGY investment house, in 1974 helped a corporate client complete a hostile takeover.
2 It was the start of a boom in unfriendly, even ungentlemanly, mergers.
3 On July 18, 1974, International Nickle of Canada -- advised by Morgan -- offered $28 a share, equal to $157 million, for ESB, a Philadelphia battery maker.
4 ESB said it was given only a three-hour advance warning on a 'take it or leave it' basis from Inco, as the Toronto company is called.
5 'ESB is aware that a hostile tender offer is being made by a foreign company for all of ESB's shares,' said F.J. Port, ESB's president. 'Hostile' thus entered the merger-acquisition lexicon.
6 Joseph Flom, of Skadden, Arps, Slote, Meagher & Flom, which became a leading legal firm in merger cases, said the case 'made takeovers respectable.'
7 ESB spurned Inco and within five days ESB had a 'white knight' as United Aircraft -- headed by Harry Gray, a shrewdly friendly acquirer of companies -- offered $34 a share.
8 Gray was advised by Goldman Sachs and Merrill Lynch.
9 ESB directors warmly accepted, but a whirlwind bidding match ensued.
10 Within a few days in July, Inco raised its bid to $36 and United matched it.
11 On a single day Inco lifted its offer to $38 and then to $41, equal to $225.5 million.
12 United met the $38 but then withdrew.
13 ESB on July 29 accepted the Inco offer and the brief battle -- unlike the intricate and lengthy big takeovers of 1984-1989 -- was over.
14 The new gritty game became a money maker for Wall Street's once austere old-name houses.
15 Inco paid Morgan an advisory fee of about $250,000, a paltry figure by today's measures.
16 Early this year Morgan and three other investment houses each received $25 million in advisory fees from Kohlberg Kravis & Roberts in its $25 billion friendly buy-out of RJR Nabisco.
| 1 | MORGAN STANLEY , THE ONCE STODGY investment house , in 1974 helped a corporate client complete a hostile takeover . | hostile takeover | what is a hostile takeover | 17 | 19 |
148 | 164 | 1 MORGAN STANLEY, THE ONCE STODGY investment house, in 1974 helped a corporate client complete a hostile takeover.
2 It was the start of a boom in unfriendly, even ungentlemanly, mergers.
3 On July 18, 1974, International Nickle of Canada -- advised by Morgan -- offered $28 a share, equal to $157 million, for ESB, a Philadelphia battery maker.
4 ESB said it was given only a three-hour advance warning on a 'take it or leave it' basis from Inco, as the Toronto company is called.
5 'ESB is aware that a hostile tender offer is being made by a foreign company for all of ESB's shares,' said F.J. Port, ESB's president. 'Hostile' thus entered the merger-acquisition lexicon.
6 Joseph Flom, of Skadden, Arps, Slote, Meagher & Flom, which became a leading legal firm in merger cases, said the case 'made takeovers respectable.'
7 ESB spurned Inco and within five days ESB had a 'white knight' as United Aircraft -- headed by Harry Gray, a shrewdly friendly acquirer of companies -- offered $34 a share.
8 Gray was advised by Goldman Sachs and Merrill Lynch.
9 ESB directors warmly accepted, but a whirlwind bidding match ensued.
10 Within a few days in July, Inco raised its bid to $36 and United matched it.
11 On a single day Inco lifted its offer to $38 and then to $41, equal to $225.5 million.
12 United met the $38 but then withdrew.
13 ESB on July 29 accepted the Inco offer and the brief battle -- unlike the intricate and lengthy big takeovers of 1984-1989 -- was over.
14 The new gritty game became a money maker for Wall Street's once austere old-name houses.
15 Inco paid Morgan an advisory fee of about $250,000, a paltry figure by today's measures.
16 Early this year Morgan and three other investment houses each received $25 million in advisory fees from Kohlberg Kravis & Roberts in its $25 billion friendly buy-out of RJR Nabisco.
| 1 | MORGAN STANLEY , THE ONCE STODGY investment house , in 1974 helped a corporate client complete a hostile takeover . | hostile | How did Morgan Stanley help the corporate client? | 17 | 18 |
149 | 164 | 1 MORGAN STANLEY, THE ONCE STODGY investment house, in 1974 helped a corporate client complete a hostile takeover.
2 It was the start of a boom in unfriendly, even ungentlemanly, mergers.
3 On July 18, 1974, International Nickle of Canada -- advised by Morgan -- offered $28 a share, equal to $157 million, for ESB, a Philadelphia battery maker.
4 ESB said it was given only a three-hour advance warning on a 'take it or leave it' basis from Inco, as the Toronto company is called.
5 'ESB is aware that a hostile tender offer is being made by a foreign company for all of ESB's shares,' said F.J. Port, ESB's president. 'Hostile' thus entered the merger-acquisition lexicon.
6 Joseph Flom, of Skadden, Arps, Slote, Meagher & Flom, which became a leading legal firm in merger cases, said the case 'made takeovers respectable.'
7 ESB spurned Inco and within five days ESB had a 'white knight' as United Aircraft -- headed by Harry Gray, a shrewdly friendly acquirer of companies -- offered $34 a share.
8 Gray was advised by Goldman Sachs and Merrill Lynch.
9 ESB directors warmly accepted, but a whirlwind bidding match ensued.
10 Within a few days in July, Inco raised its bid to $36 and United matched it.
11 On a single day Inco lifted its offer to $38 and then to $41, equal to $225.5 million.
12 United met the $38 but then withdrew.
13 ESB on July 29 accepted the Inco offer and the brief battle -- unlike the intricate and lengthy big takeovers of 1984-1989 -- was over.
14 The new gritty game became a money maker for Wall Street's once austere old-name houses.
15 Inco paid Morgan an advisory fee of about $250,000, a paltry figure by today's measures.
16 Early this year Morgan and three other investment houses each received $25 million in advisory fees from Kohlberg Kravis & Roberts in its $25 billion friendly buy-out of RJR Nabisco.
| 1 | MORGAN STANLEY , THE ONCE STODGY investment house , in 1974 helped a corporate client complete a hostile takeover . | STODGY | what does stodgy mean? | 5 | 6 |
150 | 164 | 1 MORGAN STANLEY, THE ONCE STODGY investment house, in 1974 helped a corporate client complete a hostile takeover.
2 It was the start of a boom in unfriendly, even ungentlemanly, mergers.
3 On July 18, 1974, International Nickle of Canada -- advised by Morgan -- offered $28 a share, equal to $157 million, for ESB, a Philadelphia battery maker.
4 ESB said it was given only a three-hour advance warning on a 'take it or leave it' basis from Inco, as the Toronto company is called.
5 'ESB is aware that a hostile tender offer is being made by a foreign company for all of ESB's shares,' said F.J. Port, ESB's president. 'Hostile' thus entered the merger-acquisition lexicon.
6 Joseph Flom, of Skadden, Arps, Slote, Meagher & Flom, which became a leading legal firm in merger cases, said the case 'made takeovers respectable.'
7 ESB spurned Inco and within five days ESB had a 'white knight' as United Aircraft -- headed by Harry Gray, a shrewdly friendly acquirer of companies -- offered $34 a share.
8 Gray was advised by Goldman Sachs and Merrill Lynch.
9 ESB directors warmly accepted, but a whirlwind bidding match ensued.
10 Within a few days in July, Inco raised its bid to $36 and United matched it.
11 On a single day Inco lifted its offer to $38 and then to $41, equal to $225.5 million.
12 United met the $38 but then withdrew.
13 ESB on July 29 accepted the Inco offer and the brief battle -- unlike the intricate and lengthy big takeovers of 1984-1989 -- was over.
14 The new gritty game became a money maker for Wall Street's once austere old-name houses.
15 Inco paid Morgan an advisory fee of about $250,000, a paltry figure by today's measures.
16 Early this year Morgan and three other investment houses each received $25 million in advisory fees from Kohlberg Kravis & Roberts in its $25 billion friendly buy-out of RJR Nabisco.
| 1 | MORGAN STANLEY , THE ONCE STODGY investment house , in 1974 helped a corporate client complete a hostile takeover . | helped a corporate client | Who was the corporate client? | 11 | 15 |
151 | 164 | 1 MORGAN STANLEY, THE ONCE STODGY investment house, in 1974 helped a corporate client complete a hostile takeover.
2 It was the start of a boom in unfriendly, even ungentlemanly, mergers.
3 On July 18, 1974, International Nickle of Canada -- advised by Morgan -- offered $28 a share, equal to $157 million, for ESB, a Philadelphia battery maker.
4 ESB said it was given only a three-hour advance warning on a 'take it or leave it' basis from Inco, as the Toronto company is called.
5 'ESB is aware that a hostile tender offer is being made by a foreign company for all of ESB's shares,' said F.J. Port, ESB's president. 'Hostile' thus entered the merger-acquisition lexicon.
6 Joseph Flom, of Skadden, Arps, Slote, Meagher & Flom, which became a leading legal firm in merger cases, said the case 'made takeovers respectable.'
7 ESB spurned Inco and within five days ESB had a 'white knight' as United Aircraft -- headed by Harry Gray, a shrewdly friendly acquirer of companies -- offered $34 a share.
8 Gray was advised by Goldman Sachs and Merrill Lynch.
9 ESB directors warmly accepted, but a whirlwind bidding match ensued.
10 Within a few days in July, Inco raised its bid to $36 and United matched it.
11 On a single day Inco lifted its offer to $38 and then to $41, equal to $225.5 million.
12 United met the $38 but then withdrew.
13 ESB on July 29 accepted the Inco offer and the brief battle -- unlike the intricate and lengthy big takeovers of 1984-1989 -- was over.
14 The new gritty game became a money maker for Wall Street's once austere old-name houses.
15 Inco paid Morgan an advisory fee of about $250,000, a paltry figure by today's measures.
16 Early this year Morgan and three other investment houses each received $25 million in advisory fees from Kohlberg Kravis & Roberts in its $25 billion friendly buy-out of RJR Nabisco.
| 2 | It was the start of a boom in unfriendly , even ungentlemanly , mergers . | mergers | Who were the mergers with? | 13 | 14 |
152 | 164 | 1 MORGAN STANLEY, THE ONCE STODGY investment house, in 1974 helped a corporate client complete a hostile takeover.
2 It was the start of a boom in unfriendly, even ungentlemanly, mergers.
3 On July 18, 1974, International Nickle of Canada -- advised by Morgan -- offered $28 a share, equal to $157 million, for ESB, a Philadelphia battery maker.
4 ESB said it was given only a three-hour advance warning on a 'take it or leave it' basis from Inco, as the Toronto company is called.
5 'ESB is aware that a hostile tender offer is being made by a foreign company for all of ESB's shares,' said F.J. Port, ESB's president. 'Hostile' thus entered the merger-acquisition lexicon.
6 Joseph Flom, of Skadden, Arps, Slote, Meagher & Flom, which became a leading legal firm in merger cases, said the case 'made takeovers respectable.'
7 ESB spurned Inco and within five days ESB had a 'white knight' as United Aircraft -- headed by Harry Gray, a shrewdly friendly acquirer of companies -- offered $34 a share.
8 Gray was advised by Goldman Sachs and Merrill Lynch.
9 ESB directors warmly accepted, but a whirlwind bidding match ensued.
10 Within a few days in July, Inco raised its bid to $36 and United matched it.
11 On a single day Inco lifted its offer to $38 and then to $41, equal to $225.5 million.
12 United met the $38 but then withdrew.
13 ESB on July 29 accepted the Inco offer and the brief battle -- unlike the intricate and lengthy big takeovers of 1984-1989 -- was over.
14 The new gritty game became a money maker for Wall Street's once austere old-name houses.
15 Inco paid Morgan an advisory fee of about $250,000, a paltry figure by today's measures.
16 Early this year Morgan and three other investment houses each received $25 million in advisory fees from Kohlberg Kravis & Roberts in its $25 billion friendly buy-out of RJR Nabisco.
| 2 | It was the start of a boom in unfriendly , even ungentlemanly , mergers . | unfriendly , | Why was it unfriendly? | 8 | 10 |
153 | 164 | 1 MORGAN STANLEY, THE ONCE STODGY investment house, in 1974 helped a corporate client complete a hostile takeover.
2 It was the start of a boom in unfriendly, even ungentlemanly, mergers.
3 On July 18, 1974, International Nickle of Canada -- advised by Morgan -- offered $28 a share, equal to $157 million, for ESB, a Philadelphia battery maker.
4 ESB said it was given only a three-hour advance warning on a 'take it or leave it' basis from Inco, as the Toronto company is called.
5 'ESB is aware that a hostile tender offer is being made by a foreign company for all of ESB's shares,' said F.J. Port, ESB's president. 'Hostile' thus entered the merger-acquisition lexicon.
6 Joseph Flom, of Skadden, Arps, Slote, Meagher & Flom, which became a leading legal firm in merger cases, said the case 'made takeovers respectable.'
7 ESB spurned Inco and within five days ESB had a 'white knight' as United Aircraft -- headed by Harry Gray, a shrewdly friendly acquirer of companies -- offered $34 a share.
8 Gray was advised by Goldman Sachs and Merrill Lynch.
9 ESB directors warmly accepted, but a whirlwind bidding match ensued.
10 Within a few days in July, Inco raised its bid to $36 and United matched it.
11 On a single day Inco lifted its offer to $38 and then to $41, equal to $225.5 million.
12 United met the $38 but then withdrew.
13 ESB on July 29 accepted the Inco offer and the brief battle -- unlike the intricate and lengthy big takeovers of 1984-1989 -- was over.
14 The new gritty game became a money maker for Wall Street's once austere old-name houses.
15 Inco paid Morgan an advisory fee of about $250,000, a paltry figure by today's measures.
16 Early this year Morgan and three other investment houses each received $25 million in advisory fees from Kohlberg Kravis & Roberts in its $25 billion friendly buy-out of RJR Nabisco.
| 2 | It was the start of a boom in unfriendly , even ungentlemanly , mergers . | ungentlemanly , | why was it not gentlemanly? | 11 | 13 |
154 | 164 | 1 MORGAN STANLEY, THE ONCE STODGY investment house, in 1974 helped a corporate client complete a hostile takeover.
2 It was the start of a boom in unfriendly, even ungentlemanly, mergers.
3 On July 18, 1974, International Nickle of Canada -- advised by Morgan -- offered $28 a share, equal to $157 million, for ESB, a Philadelphia battery maker.
4 ESB said it was given only a three-hour advance warning on a 'take it or leave it' basis from Inco, as the Toronto company is called.
5 'ESB is aware that a hostile tender offer is being made by a foreign company for all of ESB's shares,' said F.J. Port, ESB's president. 'Hostile' thus entered the merger-acquisition lexicon.
6 Joseph Flom, of Skadden, Arps, Slote, Meagher & Flom, which became a leading legal firm in merger cases, said the case 'made takeovers respectable.'
7 ESB spurned Inco and within five days ESB had a 'white knight' as United Aircraft -- headed by Harry Gray, a shrewdly friendly acquirer of companies -- offered $34 a share.
8 Gray was advised by Goldman Sachs and Merrill Lynch.
9 ESB directors warmly accepted, but a whirlwind bidding match ensued.
10 Within a few days in July, Inco raised its bid to $36 and United matched it.
11 On a single day Inco lifted its offer to $38 and then to $41, equal to $225.5 million.
12 United met the $38 but then withdrew.
13 ESB on July 29 accepted the Inco offer and the brief battle -- unlike the intricate and lengthy big takeovers of 1984-1989 -- was over.
14 The new gritty game became a money maker for Wall Street's once austere old-name houses.
15 Inco paid Morgan an advisory fee of about $250,000, a paltry figure by today's measures.
16 Early this year Morgan and three other investment houses each received $25 million in advisory fees from Kohlberg Kravis & Roberts in its $25 billion friendly buy-out of RJR Nabisco.
| 3 | On July 18 , 1974 , International Nickle of Canada - - advised by Morgan - - offered $ 28 a share , equal to $ 157 million , for ESB , a Philadelphia battery maker . | offered | Was ESB doing badly at the time? | 17 | 18 |
155 | 164 | 1 MORGAN STANLEY, THE ONCE STODGY investment house, in 1974 helped a corporate client complete a hostile takeover.
2 It was the start of a boom in unfriendly, even ungentlemanly, mergers.
3 On July 18, 1974, International Nickle of Canada -- advised by Morgan -- offered $28 a share, equal to $157 million, for ESB, a Philadelphia battery maker.
4 ESB said it was given only a three-hour advance warning on a 'take it or leave it' basis from Inco, as the Toronto company is called.
5 'ESB is aware that a hostile tender offer is being made by a foreign company for all of ESB's shares,' said F.J. Port, ESB's president. 'Hostile' thus entered the merger-acquisition lexicon.
6 Joseph Flom, of Skadden, Arps, Slote, Meagher & Flom, which became a leading legal firm in merger cases, said the case 'made takeovers respectable.'
7 ESB spurned Inco and within five days ESB had a 'white knight' as United Aircraft -- headed by Harry Gray, a shrewdly friendly acquirer of companies -- offered $34 a share.
8 Gray was advised by Goldman Sachs and Merrill Lynch.
9 ESB directors warmly accepted, but a whirlwind bidding match ensued.
10 Within a few days in July, Inco raised its bid to $36 and United matched it.
11 On a single day Inco lifted its offer to $38 and then to $41, equal to $225.5 million.
12 United met the $38 but then withdrew.
13 ESB on July 29 accepted the Inco offer and the brief battle -- unlike the intricate and lengthy big takeovers of 1984-1989 -- was over.
14 The new gritty game became a money maker for Wall Street's once austere old-name houses.
15 Inco paid Morgan an advisory fee of about $250,000, a paltry figure by today's measures.
16 Early this year Morgan and three other investment houses each received $25 million in advisory fees from Kohlberg Kravis & Roberts in its $25 billion friendly buy-out of RJR Nabisco.
| 4 | ESB said it was given only a three - hour advance warning on a " take it or leave it " basis from Inco , as the Toronto company is called . | three - hour | Why was Inco in such a hurry for ESB to make a decision? | 7 | 10 |
156 | 164 | 1 MORGAN STANLEY, THE ONCE STODGY investment house, in 1974 helped a corporate client complete a hostile takeover.
2 It was the start of a boom in unfriendly, even ungentlemanly, mergers.
3 On July 18, 1974, International Nickle of Canada -- advised by Morgan -- offered $28 a share, equal to $157 million, for ESB, a Philadelphia battery maker.
4 ESB said it was given only a three-hour advance warning on a 'take it or leave it' basis from Inco, as the Toronto company is called.
5 'ESB is aware that a hostile tender offer is being made by a foreign company for all of ESB's shares,' said F.J. Port, ESB's president. 'Hostile' thus entered the merger-acquisition lexicon.
6 Joseph Flom, of Skadden, Arps, Slote, Meagher & Flom, which became a leading legal firm in merger cases, said the case 'made takeovers respectable.'
7 ESB spurned Inco and within five days ESB had a 'white knight' as United Aircraft -- headed by Harry Gray, a shrewdly friendly acquirer of companies -- offered $34 a share.
8 Gray was advised by Goldman Sachs and Merrill Lynch.
9 ESB directors warmly accepted, but a whirlwind bidding match ensued.
10 Within a few days in July, Inco raised its bid to $36 and United matched it.
11 On a single day Inco lifted its offer to $38 and then to $41, equal to $225.5 million.
12 United met the $38 but then withdrew.
13 ESB on July 29 accepted the Inco offer and the brief battle -- unlike the intricate and lengthy big takeovers of 1984-1989 -- was over.
14 The new gritty game became a money maker for Wall Street's once austere old-name houses.
15 Inco paid Morgan an advisory fee of about $250,000, a paltry figure by today's measures.
16 Early this year Morgan and three other investment houses each received $25 million in advisory fees from Kohlberg Kravis & Roberts in its $25 billion friendly buy-out of RJR Nabisco.
| 5 | " ESB is aware that a hostile tender offer is being made by a foreign company for all of ESB ' s shares , " said F . J . Port , ESB ' s president . " Hostile " thus entered the merger - acquisition lexicon . | hostile | Why is it called a \"hostile tender offer?\" | 6 | 7 |
157 | 164 | 1 MORGAN STANLEY, THE ONCE STODGY investment house, in 1974 helped a corporate client complete a hostile takeover.
2 It was the start of a boom in unfriendly, even ungentlemanly, mergers.
3 On July 18, 1974, International Nickle of Canada -- advised by Morgan -- offered $28 a share, equal to $157 million, for ESB, a Philadelphia battery maker.
4 ESB said it was given only a three-hour advance warning on a 'take it or leave it' basis from Inco, as the Toronto company is called.
5 'ESB is aware that a hostile tender offer is being made by a foreign company for all of ESB's shares,' said F.J. Port, ESB's president. 'Hostile' thus entered the merger-acquisition lexicon.
6 Joseph Flom, of Skadden, Arps, Slote, Meagher & Flom, which became a leading legal firm in merger cases, said the case 'made takeovers respectable.'
7 ESB spurned Inco and within five days ESB had a 'white knight' as United Aircraft -- headed by Harry Gray, a shrewdly friendly acquirer of companies -- offered $34 a share.
8 Gray was advised by Goldman Sachs and Merrill Lynch.
9 ESB directors warmly accepted, but a whirlwind bidding match ensued.
10 Within a few days in July, Inco raised its bid to $36 and United matched it.
11 On a single day Inco lifted its offer to $38 and then to $41, equal to $225.5 million.
12 United met the $38 but then withdrew.
13 ESB on July 29 accepted the Inco offer and the brief battle -- unlike the intricate and lengthy big takeovers of 1984-1989 -- was over.
14 The new gritty game became a money maker for Wall Street's once austere old-name houses.
15 Inco paid Morgan an advisory fee of about $250,000, a paltry figure by today's measures.
16 Early this year Morgan and three other investment houses each received $25 million in advisory fees from Kohlberg Kravis & Roberts in its $25 billion friendly buy-out of RJR Nabisco.
| 5 | " ESB is aware that a hostile tender offer is being made by a foreign company for all of ESB ' s shares , " said F . J . Port , ESB ' s president . " Hostile " thus entered the merger - acquisition lexicon . | lexicon | what is a lexicon? | 46 | 47 |
158 | 165 | 1 When the Trinity Repertory Theater named Anne Bogart its artistic director last spring, the nation's theatrical cognoscenti arched a collective eyebrow.
2 Ms. Bogart, an acclaimed creator of deconstructed dramatic collages that tear into such sacred texts as Rodgers and Hammerstein's 'South Pacific,' is decidedly downtown.
3 Trinity Rep meanwhile is one of the nation's oldest and most respected regional theaters, still hosting an annual 'A Christmas Carol.'
4 How would this bastion of traditional values fare in Ms. Bogart's iconoclastic hands?
5 She held her fire with her first production at the Trinity earlier this season.
6 It was a predictable revival of her prize-winning off-Broadway anthology of Bertolt Brecht's theoretical writings, called 'No Plays, No Poetry.'
7 Now, with the opening of Maxim Gorky's bourgeois-bashing 'Summerfolk,' Ms. Bogart has laid her cards on the table.
8 Hers is a hand that will test the mettle of her audiences.
9 For Ms. Bogart, who initially studied and directed in Germany (and cites such European directors as Peter Stein, Giorgio Strehler and Ariane Mnouchkine as influences) tends to stage her productions with a Brechtian rigor -- whether the text demands it or not.
10 And Gorky, considered the father of Soviet socialist realism, did not write plays that easily lend themselves to deliberately antirealistic distancing techniques.
11 Gorky was a loyal if occasionally ambivalent proletarian writer committed to enlightening the masses with plain speaking rooted in a slightly sour version of Chekhovian humanism.
12 And 'Summerfolk,' penned in 1904 as a kind of sequel to Chekhov's 'Cherry Orchard,' is a lawn party of Russian yuppies engaged in an exhausting ideological fight to the finish between the allrightniks and the reformers.
13 Along the way there also are lots of romantic dalliances.
14 Wisely Ms. Bogart has kept Gorky's time and place intact.
15 Despite the absence of samovars (and a tendency to turn the furniture upside down), the production is rich in Russian ennui voiced by languorous folk sporting beige linen and rumpled cotton, with boaters and fishing poles aplenty.
16 But beyond this decorative nod to tradition, Ms. Bogart and company head off in a stylistic direction that all but transforms Gorky's naturalistic drama into something akin to, well, farce.
17 The director's attempt to force some Brechtian distance between her actors and their characters frequently backfires with performances that are unduly mannered.
18 Not only do the actors stand outside their characters and make it clear they are at odds with them, but they often literally stand on their heads.
19 Like Peter Sellars, Ms. Bogart manipulates her actors as if they were rag dolls, sprawling them on staircases, dangling them off tables, even hanging them from precipices while having them perform some gymnastic feats of derring-do.
20 There are moments in this 'Summerfolk' when the characters populating the vast multilevel country house (which looks like a parody of Frank Lloyd Wright and is designed by Victoria Petrovich) spout philosophic bon mots with the self-conscious rat-a-tat-tat pacing of 'Laugh In.' 'Talk hurts from where it spurts,' one of them says.
21 The clash of ideologies survives this treatment, but the nuance and richness of Gorky's individual characters have vanished in the scuffle.
22 As for the humor that Gorky's text provides, when repainted in such broad strokes (particularly by the lesser members of the ensemble) it looks and sounds forced.
23 Ms. Bogart does better with music than with words when she wants, as she so often does want, to express herself through Gorky's helpless play.
24 Here she has the aid of her longtime associate Jeff Helpern, whom she appointed Trinity's first-ever musical director and whom she equipped with a spanking new $60,000 sound system and recording studio.
25 For Gorky, Mr. Helpern provided an aural collage of Debussy and Rachmaninoff, which is less a score than a separate character with a distinct point of view.
26 Like Brecht, and indeed Ezra Pound, Ms. Bogart has said that her intent in such manipulative staging of the classics is simply an attempt to 'make it new.' Indeed, during a recent post-production audience discussion, the director explained that her fondest artistic wish was to find a way to play 'Somewhere Over the Rainbow' so that the song's 'original beauty comes through,' surmounting the cliche.
27 The danger that Ms. Bogart seems to be courting here is one of obfuscation rather than rejuvenation, a vision so at odds with the playwright's that the two points of view nullify, rather than illuminate, each other.
28 Ms. Bogart's cast is part and parcel of the problem.
29 Ed Shea and Barbara Orson never find a real reason for their love affair as the foolish, idealistic young Vass and the tirelessly humanitarian doctor Maria Lvovna.
30 Cynthia Strickland as the long-suffering Varvara is a tiresome whiner, not the inspirational counterrevolutionary Gorky intended.
31 Better to look in the corners for performances that inspire or amuse.
32 Janice Duclos, in addition to possessing one of the evening's more impressive vocal instruments, brings an unsuspected comedic touch to her role of Olga, everybody's favorite mom.
33 Marni Rice plays the maid with so much edge as to steal her two scenes.
34 But it is the Trinity Rep newcomer, Jonathan Fried (Zamislov, the paralegal) who is the actor to watch, whether he is hamming it up while conducting the chamber musicians or seducing his neighbor's wife (Becca Lish) by licking her bosom.
35 Ms. de Vries writes frequently about theater.
| 1 | When the Trinity Repertory Theater named Anne Bogart its artistic director last spring , the nation ' s theatrical cognoscenti arched a collective eyebrow . | cognoscenti | what is cognoscenti? | 19 | 20 |
159 | 165 | 1 When the Trinity Repertory Theater named Anne Bogart its artistic director last spring, the nation's theatrical cognoscenti arched a collective eyebrow.
2 Ms. Bogart, an acclaimed creator of deconstructed dramatic collages that tear into such sacred texts as Rodgers and Hammerstein's 'South Pacific,' is decidedly downtown.
3 Trinity Rep meanwhile is one of the nation's oldest and most respected regional theaters, still hosting an annual 'A Christmas Carol.'
4 How would this bastion of traditional values fare in Ms. Bogart's iconoclastic hands?
5 She held her fire with her first production at the Trinity earlier this season.
6 It was a predictable revival of her prize-winning off-Broadway anthology of Bertolt Brecht's theoretical writings, called 'No Plays, No Poetry.'
7 Now, with the opening of Maxim Gorky's bourgeois-bashing 'Summerfolk,' Ms. Bogart has laid her cards on the table.
8 Hers is a hand that will test the mettle of her audiences.
9 For Ms. Bogart, who initially studied and directed in Germany (and cites such European directors as Peter Stein, Giorgio Strehler and Ariane Mnouchkine as influences) tends to stage her productions with a Brechtian rigor -- whether the text demands it or not.
10 And Gorky, considered the father of Soviet socialist realism, did not write plays that easily lend themselves to deliberately antirealistic distancing techniques.
11 Gorky was a loyal if occasionally ambivalent proletarian writer committed to enlightening the masses with plain speaking rooted in a slightly sour version of Chekhovian humanism.
12 And 'Summerfolk,' penned in 1904 as a kind of sequel to Chekhov's 'Cherry Orchard,' is a lawn party of Russian yuppies engaged in an exhausting ideological fight to the finish between the allrightniks and the reformers.
13 Along the way there also are lots of romantic dalliances.
14 Wisely Ms. Bogart has kept Gorky's time and place intact.
15 Despite the absence of samovars (and a tendency to turn the furniture upside down), the production is rich in Russian ennui voiced by languorous folk sporting beige linen and rumpled cotton, with boaters and fishing poles aplenty.
16 But beyond this decorative nod to tradition, Ms. Bogart and company head off in a stylistic direction that all but transforms Gorky's naturalistic drama into something akin to, well, farce.
17 The director's attempt to force some Brechtian distance between her actors and their characters frequently backfires with performances that are unduly mannered.
18 Not only do the actors stand outside their characters and make it clear they are at odds with them, but they often literally stand on their heads.
19 Like Peter Sellars, Ms. Bogart manipulates her actors as if they were rag dolls, sprawling them on staircases, dangling them off tables, even hanging them from precipices while having them perform some gymnastic feats of derring-do.
20 There are moments in this 'Summerfolk' when the characters populating the vast multilevel country house (which looks like a parody of Frank Lloyd Wright and is designed by Victoria Petrovich) spout philosophic bon mots with the self-conscious rat-a-tat-tat pacing of 'Laugh In.' 'Talk hurts from where it spurts,' one of them says.
21 The clash of ideologies survives this treatment, but the nuance and richness of Gorky's individual characters have vanished in the scuffle.
22 As for the humor that Gorky's text provides, when repainted in such broad strokes (particularly by the lesser members of the ensemble) it looks and sounds forced.
23 Ms. Bogart does better with music than with words when she wants, as she so often does want, to express herself through Gorky's helpless play.
24 Here she has the aid of her longtime associate Jeff Helpern, whom she appointed Trinity's first-ever musical director and whom she equipped with a spanking new $60,000 sound system and recording studio.
25 For Gorky, Mr. Helpern provided an aural collage of Debussy and Rachmaninoff, which is less a score than a separate character with a distinct point of view.
26 Like Brecht, and indeed Ezra Pound, Ms. Bogart has said that her intent in such manipulative staging of the classics is simply an attempt to 'make it new.' Indeed, during a recent post-production audience discussion, the director explained that her fondest artistic wish was to find a way to play 'Somewhere Over the Rainbow' so that the song's 'original beauty comes through,' surmounting the cliche.
27 The danger that Ms. Bogart seems to be courting here is one of obfuscation rather than rejuvenation, a vision so at odds with the playwright's that the two points of view nullify, rather than illuminate, each other.
28 Ms. Bogart's cast is part and parcel of the problem.
29 Ed Shea and Barbara Orson never find a real reason for their love affair as the foolish, idealistic young Vass and the tirelessly humanitarian doctor Maria Lvovna.
30 Cynthia Strickland as the long-suffering Varvara is a tiresome whiner, not the inspirational counterrevolutionary Gorky intended.
31 Better to look in the corners for performances that inspire or amuse.
32 Janice Duclos, in addition to possessing one of the evening's more impressive vocal instruments, brings an unsuspected comedic touch to her role of Olga, everybody's favorite mom.
33 Marni Rice plays the maid with so much edge as to steal her two scenes.
34 But it is the Trinity Rep newcomer, Jonathan Fried (Zamislov, the paralegal) who is the actor to watch, whether he is hamming it up while conducting the chamber musicians or seducing his neighbor's wife (Becca Lish) by licking her bosom.
35 Ms. de Vries writes frequently about theater.
| 1 | When the Trinity Repertory Theater named Anne Bogart its artistic director last spring , the nation ' s theatrical cognoscenti arched a collective eyebrow . | arched a collective eyebrow | Why did this surprise the theatrical cognoscenti? | 20 | 24 |
160 | 165 | 1 When the Trinity Repertory Theater named Anne Bogart its artistic director last spring, the nation's theatrical cognoscenti arched a collective eyebrow.
2 Ms. Bogart, an acclaimed creator of deconstructed dramatic collages that tear into such sacred texts as Rodgers and Hammerstein's 'South Pacific,' is decidedly downtown.
3 Trinity Rep meanwhile is one of the nation's oldest and most respected regional theaters, still hosting an annual 'A Christmas Carol.'
4 How would this bastion of traditional values fare in Ms. Bogart's iconoclastic hands?
5 She held her fire with her first production at the Trinity earlier this season.
6 It was a predictable revival of her prize-winning off-Broadway anthology of Bertolt Brecht's theoretical writings, called 'No Plays, No Poetry.'
7 Now, with the opening of Maxim Gorky's bourgeois-bashing 'Summerfolk,' Ms. Bogart has laid her cards on the table.
8 Hers is a hand that will test the mettle of her audiences.
9 For Ms. Bogart, who initially studied and directed in Germany (and cites such European directors as Peter Stein, Giorgio Strehler and Ariane Mnouchkine as influences) tends to stage her productions with a Brechtian rigor -- whether the text demands it or not.
10 And Gorky, considered the father of Soviet socialist realism, did not write plays that easily lend themselves to deliberately antirealistic distancing techniques.
11 Gorky was a loyal if occasionally ambivalent proletarian writer committed to enlightening the masses with plain speaking rooted in a slightly sour version of Chekhovian humanism.
12 And 'Summerfolk,' penned in 1904 as a kind of sequel to Chekhov's 'Cherry Orchard,' is a lawn party of Russian yuppies engaged in an exhausting ideological fight to the finish between the allrightniks and the reformers.
13 Along the way there also are lots of romantic dalliances.
14 Wisely Ms. Bogart has kept Gorky's time and place intact.
15 Despite the absence of samovars (and a tendency to turn the furniture upside down), the production is rich in Russian ennui voiced by languorous folk sporting beige linen and rumpled cotton, with boaters and fishing poles aplenty.
16 But beyond this decorative nod to tradition, Ms. Bogart and company head off in a stylistic direction that all but transforms Gorky's naturalistic drama into something akin to, well, farce.
17 The director's attempt to force some Brechtian distance between her actors and their characters frequently backfires with performances that are unduly mannered.
18 Not only do the actors stand outside their characters and make it clear they are at odds with them, but they often literally stand on their heads.
19 Like Peter Sellars, Ms. Bogart manipulates her actors as if they were rag dolls, sprawling them on staircases, dangling them off tables, even hanging them from precipices while having them perform some gymnastic feats of derring-do.
20 There are moments in this 'Summerfolk' when the characters populating the vast multilevel country house (which looks like a parody of Frank Lloyd Wright and is designed by Victoria Petrovich) spout philosophic bon mots with the self-conscious rat-a-tat-tat pacing of 'Laugh In.' 'Talk hurts from where it spurts,' one of them says.
21 The clash of ideologies survives this treatment, but the nuance and richness of Gorky's individual characters have vanished in the scuffle.
22 As for the humor that Gorky's text provides, when repainted in such broad strokes (particularly by the lesser members of the ensemble) it looks and sounds forced.
23 Ms. Bogart does better with music than with words when she wants, as she so often does want, to express herself through Gorky's helpless play.
24 Here she has the aid of her longtime associate Jeff Helpern, whom she appointed Trinity's first-ever musical director and whom she equipped with a spanking new $60,000 sound system and recording studio.
25 For Gorky, Mr. Helpern provided an aural collage of Debussy and Rachmaninoff, which is less a score than a separate character with a distinct point of view.
26 Like Brecht, and indeed Ezra Pound, Ms. Bogart has said that her intent in such manipulative staging of the classics is simply an attempt to 'make it new.' Indeed, during a recent post-production audience discussion, the director explained that her fondest artistic wish was to find a way to play 'Somewhere Over the Rainbow' so that the song's 'original beauty comes through,' surmounting the cliche.
27 The danger that Ms. Bogart seems to be courting here is one of obfuscation rather than rejuvenation, a vision so at odds with the playwright's that the two points of view nullify, rather than illuminate, each other.
28 Ms. Bogart's cast is part and parcel of the problem.
29 Ed Shea and Barbara Orson never find a real reason for their love affair as the foolish, idealistic young Vass and the tirelessly humanitarian doctor Maria Lvovna.
30 Cynthia Strickland as the long-suffering Varvara is a tiresome whiner, not the inspirational counterrevolutionary Gorky intended.
31 Better to look in the corners for performances that inspire or amuse.
32 Janice Duclos, in addition to possessing one of the evening's more impressive vocal instruments, brings an unsuspected comedic touch to her role of Olga, everybody's favorite mom.
33 Marni Rice plays the maid with so much edge as to steal her two scenes.
34 But it is the Trinity Rep newcomer, Jonathan Fried (Zamislov, the paralegal) who is the actor to watch, whether he is hamming it up while conducting the chamber musicians or seducing his neighbor's wife (Becca Lish) by licking her bosom.
35 Ms. de Vries writes frequently about theater.
| 1 | When the Trinity Repertory Theater named Anne Bogart its artistic director last spring , the nation ' s theatrical cognoscenti arched a collective eyebrow . | theatrical cognoscenti | What does this mean exactly? | 18 | 20 |
161 | 165 | 1 When the Trinity Repertory Theater named Anne Bogart its artistic director last spring, the nation's theatrical cognoscenti arched a collective eyebrow.
2 Ms. Bogart, an acclaimed creator of deconstructed dramatic collages that tear into such sacred texts as Rodgers and Hammerstein's 'South Pacific,' is decidedly downtown.
3 Trinity Rep meanwhile is one of the nation's oldest and most respected regional theaters, still hosting an annual 'A Christmas Carol.'
4 How would this bastion of traditional values fare in Ms. Bogart's iconoclastic hands?
5 She held her fire with her first production at the Trinity earlier this season.
6 It was a predictable revival of her prize-winning off-Broadway anthology of Bertolt Brecht's theoretical writings, called 'No Plays, No Poetry.'
7 Now, with the opening of Maxim Gorky's bourgeois-bashing 'Summerfolk,' Ms. Bogart has laid her cards on the table.
8 Hers is a hand that will test the mettle of her audiences.
9 For Ms. Bogart, who initially studied and directed in Germany (and cites such European directors as Peter Stein, Giorgio Strehler and Ariane Mnouchkine as influences) tends to stage her productions with a Brechtian rigor -- whether the text demands it or not.
10 And Gorky, considered the father of Soviet socialist realism, did not write plays that easily lend themselves to deliberately antirealistic distancing techniques.
11 Gorky was a loyal if occasionally ambivalent proletarian writer committed to enlightening the masses with plain speaking rooted in a slightly sour version of Chekhovian humanism.
12 And 'Summerfolk,' penned in 1904 as a kind of sequel to Chekhov's 'Cherry Orchard,' is a lawn party of Russian yuppies engaged in an exhausting ideological fight to the finish between the allrightniks and the reformers.
13 Along the way there also are lots of romantic dalliances.
14 Wisely Ms. Bogart has kept Gorky's time and place intact.
15 Despite the absence of samovars (and a tendency to turn the furniture upside down), the production is rich in Russian ennui voiced by languorous folk sporting beige linen and rumpled cotton, with boaters and fishing poles aplenty.
16 But beyond this decorative nod to tradition, Ms. Bogart and company head off in a stylistic direction that all but transforms Gorky's naturalistic drama into something akin to, well, farce.
17 The director's attempt to force some Brechtian distance between her actors and their characters frequently backfires with performances that are unduly mannered.
18 Not only do the actors stand outside their characters and make it clear they are at odds with them, but they often literally stand on their heads.
19 Like Peter Sellars, Ms. Bogart manipulates her actors as if they were rag dolls, sprawling them on staircases, dangling them off tables, even hanging them from precipices while having them perform some gymnastic feats of derring-do.
20 There are moments in this 'Summerfolk' when the characters populating the vast multilevel country house (which looks like a parody of Frank Lloyd Wright and is designed by Victoria Petrovich) spout philosophic bon mots with the self-conscious rat-a-tat-tat pacing of 'Laugh In.' 'Talk hurts from where it spurts,' one of them says.
21 The clash of ideologies survives this treatment, but the nuance and richness of Gorky's individual characters have vanished in the scuffle.
22 As for the humor that Gorky's text provides, when repainted in such broad strokes (particularly by the lesser members of the ensemble) it looks and sounds forced.
23 Ms. Bogart does better with music than with words when she wants, as she so often does want, to express herself through Gorky's helpless play.
24 Here she has the aid of her longtime associate Jeff Helpern, whom she appointed Trinity's first-ever musical director and whom she equipped with a spanking new $60,000 sound system and recording studio.
25 For Gorky, Mr. Helpern provided an aural collage of Debussy and Rachmaninoff, which is less a score than a separate character with a distinct point of view.
26 Like Brecht, and indeed Ezra Pound, Ms. Bogart has said that her intent in such manipulative staging of the classics is simply an attempt to 'make it new.' Indeed, during a recent post-production audience discussion, the director explained that her fondest artistic wish was to find a way to play 'Somewhere Over the Rainbow' so that the song's 'original beauty comes through,' surmounting the cliche.
27 The danger that Ms. Bogart seems to be courting here is one of obfuscation rather than rejuvenation, a vision so at odds with the playwright's that the two points of view nullify, rather than illuminate, each other.
28 Ms. Bogart's cast is part and parcel of the problem.
29 Ed Shea and Barbara Orson never find a real reason for their love affair as the foolish, idealistic young Vass and the tirelessly humanitarian doctor Maria Lvovna.
30 Cynthia Strickland as the long-suffering Varvara is a tiresome whiner, not the inspirational counterrevolutionary Gorky intended.
31 Better to look in the corners for performances that inspire or amuse.
32 Janice Duclos, in addition to possessing one of the evening's more impressive vocal instruments, brings an unsuspected comedic touch to her role of Olga, everybody's favorite mom.
33 Marni Rice plays the maid with so much edge as to steal her two scenes.
34 But it is the Trinity Rep newcomer, Jonathan Fried (Zamislov, the paralegal) who is the actor to watch, whether he is hamming it up while conducting the chamber musicians or seducing his neighbor's wife (Becca Lish) by licking her bosom.
35 Ms. de Vries writes frequently about theater.
| 2 | Ms . Bogart , an acclaimed creator of deconstructed dramatic collages that tear into such sacred texts as Rodgers and Hammerstein ' s " South Pacific , " is decidedly downtown . | decidedly downtown | meaning what exactl? | 29 | 31 |
162 | 165 | 1 When the Trinity Repertory Theater named Anne Bogart its artistic director last spring, the nation's theatrical cognoscenti arched a collective eyebrow.
2 Ms. Bogart, an acclaimed creator of deconstructed dramatic collages that tear into such sacred texts as Rodgers and Hammerstein's 'South Pacific,' is decidedly downtown.
3 Trinity Rep meanwhile is one of the nation's oldest and most respected regional theaters, still hosting an annual 'A Christmas Carol.'
4 How would this bastion of traditional values fare in Ms. Bogart's iconoclastic hands?
5 She held her fire with her first production at the Trinity earlier this season.
6 It was a predictable revival of her prize-winning off-Broadway anthology of Bertolt Brecht's theoretical writings, called 'No Plays, No Poetry.'
7 Now, with the opening of Maxim Gorky's bourgeois-bashing 'Summerfolk,' Ms. Bogart has laid her cards on the table.
8 Hers is a hand that will test the mettle of her audiences.
9 For Ms. Bogart, who initially studied and directed in Germany (and cites such European directors as Peter Stein, Giorgio Strehler and Ariane Mnouchkine as influences) tends to stage her productions with a Brechtian rigor -- whether the text demands it or not.
10 And Gorky, considered the father of Soviet socialist realism, did not write plays that easily lend themselves to deliberately antirealistic distancing techniques.
11 Gorky was a loyal if occasionally ambivalent proletarian writer committed to enlightening the masses with plain speaking rooted in a slightly sour version of Chekhovian humanism.
12 And 'Summerfolk,' penned in 1904 as a kind of sequel to Chekhov's 'Cherry Orchard,' is a lawn party of Russian yuppies engaged in an exhausting ideological fight to the finish between the allrightniks and the reformers.
13 Along the way there also are lots of romantic dalliances.
14 Wisely Ms. Bogart has kept Gorky's time and place intact.
15 Despite the absence of samovars (and a tendency to turn the furniture upside down), the production is rich in Russian ennui voiced by languorous folk sporting beige linen and rumpled cotton, with boaters and fishing poles aplenty.
16 But beyond this decorative nod to tradition, Ms. Bogart and company head off in a stylistic direction that all but transforms Gorky's naturalistic drama into something akin to, well, farce.
17 The director's attempt to force some Brechtian distance between her actors and their characters frequently backfires with performances that are unduly mannered.
18 Not only do the actors stand outside their characters and make it clear they are at odds with them, but they often literally stand on their heads.
19 Like Peter Sellars, Ms. Bogart manipulates her actors as if they were rag dolls, sprawling them on staircases, dangling them off tables, even hanging them from precipices while having them perform some gymnastic feats of derring-do.
20 There are moments in this 'Summerfolk' when the characters populating the vast multilevel country house (which looks like a parody of Frank Lloyd Wright and is designed by Victoria Petrovich) spout philosophic bon mots with the self-conscious rat-a-tat-tat pacing of 'Laugh In.' 'Talk hurts from where it spurts,' one of them says.
21 The clash of ideologies survives this treatment, but the nuance and richness of Gorky's individual characters have vanished in the scuffle.
22 As for the humor that Gorky's text provides, when repainted in such broad strokes (particularly by the lesser members of the ensemble) it looks and sounds forced.
23 Ms. Bogart does better with music than with words when she wants, as she so often does want, to express herself through Gorky's helpless play.
24 Here she has the aid of her longtime associate Jeff Helpern, whom she appointed Trinity's first-ever musical director and whom she equipped with a spanking new $60,000 sound system and recording studio.
25 For Gorky, Mr. Helpern provided an aural collage of Debussy and Rachmaninoff, which is less a score than a separate character with a distinct point of view.
26 Like Brecht, and indeed Ezra Pound, Ms. Bogart has said that her intent in such manipulative staging of the classics is simply an attempt to 'make it new.' Indeed, during a recent post-production audience discussion, the director explained that her fondest artistic wish was to find a way to play 'Somewhere Over the Rainbow' so that the song's 'original beauty comes through,' surmounting the cliche.
27 The danger that Ms. Bogart seems to be courting here is one of obfuscation rather than rejuvenation, a vision so at odds with the playwright's that the two points of view nullify, rather than illuminate, each other.
28 Ms. Bogart's cast is part and parcel of the problem.
29 Ed Shea and Barbara Orson never find a real reason for their love affair as the foolish, idealistic young Vass and the tirelessly humanitarian doctor Maria Lvovna.
30 Cynthia Strickland as the long-suffering Varvara is a tiresome whiner, not the inspirational counterrevolutionary Gorky intended.
31 Better to look in the corners for performances that inspire or amuse.
32 Janice Duclos, in addition to possessing one of the evening's more impressive vocal instruments, brings an unsuspected comedic touch to her role of Olga, everybody's favorite mom.
33 Marni Rice plays the maid with so much edge as to steal her two scenes.
34 But it is the Trinity Rep newcomer, Jonathan Fried (Zamislov, the paralegal) who is the actor to watch, whether he is hamming it up while conducting the chamber musicians or seducing his neighbor's wife (Becca Lish) by licking her bosom.
35 Ms. de Vries writes frequently about theater.
| 2 | Ms . Bogart , an acclaimed creator of deconstructed dramatic collages that tear into such sacred texts as Rodgers and Hammerstein ' s " South Pacific , " is decidedly downtown . | tear into such sacred texts | Why are these works considered sacred? | 12 | 17 |
163 | 165 | 1 When the Trinity Repertory Theater named Anne Bogart its artistic director last spring, the nation's theatrical cognoscenti arched a collective eyebrow.
2 Ms. Bogart, an acclaimed creator of deconstructed dramatic collages that tear into such sacred texts as Rodgers and Hammerstein's 'South Pacific,' is decidedly downtown.
3 Trinity Rep meanwhile is one of the nation's oldest and most respected regional theaters, still hosting an annual 'A Christmas Carol.'
4 How would this bastion of traditional values fare in Ms. Bogart's iconoclastic hands?
5 She held her fire with her first production at the Trinity earlier this season.
6 It was a predictable revival of her prize-winning off-Broadway anthology of Bertolt Brecht's theoretical writings, called 'No Plays, No Poetry.'
7 Now, with the opening of Maxim Gorky's bourgeois-bashing 'Summerfolk,' Ms. Bogart has laid her cards on the table.
8 Hers is a hand that will test the mettle of her audiences.
9 For Ms. Bogart, who initially studied and directed in Germany (and cites such European directors as Peter Stein, Giorgio Strehler and Ariane Mnouchkine as influences) tends to stage her productions with a Brechtian rigor -- whether the text demands it or not.
10 And Gorky, considered the father of Soviet socialist realism, did not write plays that easily lend themselves to deliberately antirealistic distancing techniques.
11 Gorky was a loyal if occasionally ambivalent proletarian writer committed to enlightening the masses with plain speaking rooted in a slightly sour version of Chekhovian humanism.
12 And 'Summerfolk,' penned in 1904 as a kind of sequel to Chekhov's 'Cherry Orchard,' is a lawn party of Russian yuppies engaged in an exhausting ideological fight to the finish between the allrightniks and the reformers.
13 Along the way there also are lots of romantic dalliances.
14 Wisely Ms. Bogart has kept Gorky's time and place intact.
15 Despite the absence of samovars (and a tendency to turn the furniture upside down), the production is rich in Russian ennui voiced by languorous folk sporting beige linen and rumpled cotton, with boaters and fishing poles aplenty.
16 But beyond this decorative nod to tradition, Ms. Bogart and company head off in a stylistic direction that all but transforms Gorky's naturalistic drama into something akin to, well, farce.
17 The director's attempt to force some Brechtian distance between her actors and their characters frequently backfires with performances that are unduly mannered.
18 Not only do the actors stand outside their characters and make it clear they are at odds with them, but they often literally stand on their heads.
19 Like Peter Sellars, Ms. Bogart manipulates her actors as if they were rag dolls, sprawling them on staircases, dangling them off tables, even hanging them from precipices while having them perform some gymnastic feats of derring-do.
20 There are moments in this 'Summerfolk' when the characters populating the vast multilevel country house (which looks like a parody of Frank Lloyd Wright and is designed by Victoria Petrovich) spout philosophic bon mots with the self-conscious rat-a-tat-tat pacing of 'Laugh In.' 'Talk hurts from where it spurts,' one of them says.
21 The clash of ideologies survives this treatment, but the nuance and richness of Gorky's individual characters have vanished in the scuffle.
22 As for the humor that Gorky's text provides, when repainted in such broad strokes (particularly by the lesser members of the ensemble) it looks and sounds forced.
23 Ms. Bogart does better with music than with words when she wants, as she so often does want, to express herself through Gorky's helpless play.
24 Here she has the aid of her longtime associate Jeff Helpern, whom she appointed Trinity's first-ever musical director and whom she equipped with a spanking new $60,000 sound system and recording studio.
25 For Gorky, Mr. Helpern provided an aural collage of Debussy and Rachmaninoff, which is less a score than a separate character with a distinct point of view.
26 Like Brecht, and indeed Ezra Pound, Ms. Bogart has said that her intent in such manipulative staging of the classics is simply an attempt to 'make it new.' Indeed, during a recent post-production audience discussion, the director explained that her fondest artistic wish was to find a way to play 'Somewhere Over the Rainbow' so that the song's 'original beauty comes through,' surmounting the cliche.
27 The danger that Ms. Bogart seems to be courting here is one of obfuscation rather than rejuvenation, a vision so at odds with the playwright's that the two points of view nullify, rather than illuminate, each other.
28 Ms. Bogart's cast is part and parcel of the problem.
29 Ed Shea and Barbara Orson never find a real reason for their love affair as the foolish, idealistic young Vass and the tirelessly humanitarian doctor Maria Lvovna.
30 Cynthia Strickland as the long-suffering Varvara is a tiresome whiner, not the inspirational counterrevolutionary Gorky intended.
31 Better to look in the corners for performances that inspire or amuse.
32 Janice Duclos, in addition to possessing one of the evening's more impressive vocal instruments, brings an unsuspected comedic touch to her role of Olga, everybody's favorite mom.
33 Marni Rice plays the maid with so much edge as to steal her two scenes.
34 But it is the Trinity Rep newcomer, Jonathan Fried (Zamislov, the paralegal) who is the actor to watch, whether he is hamming it up while conducting the chamber musicians or seducing his neighbor's wife (Becca Lish) by licking her bosom.
35 Ms. de Vries writes frequently about theater.
| 2 | Ms . Bogart , an acclaimed creator of deconstructed dramatic collages that tear into such sacred texts as Rodgers and Hammerstein ' s " South Pacific , " is decidedly downtown . | decidedly downtown | What does downtown mean in this sense? | 29 | 31 |
164 | 165 | 1 When the Trinity Repertory Theater named Anne Bogart its artistic director last spring, the nation's theatrical cognoscenti arched a collective eyebrow.
2 Ms. Bogart, an acclaimed creator of deconstructed dramatic collages that tear into such sacred texts as Rodgers and Hammerstein's 'South Pacific,' is decidedly downtown.
3 Trinity Rep meanwhile is one of the nation's oldest and most respected regional theaters, still hosting an annual 'A Christmas Carol.'
4 How would this bastion of traditional values fare in Ms. Bogart's iconoclastic hands?
5 She held her fire with her first production at the Trinity earlier this season.
6 It was a predictable revival of her prize-winning off-Broadway anthology of Bertolt Brecht's theoretical writings, called 'No Plays, No Poetry.'
7 Now, with the opening of Maxim Gorky's bourgeois-bashing 'Summerfolk,' Ms. Bogart has laid her cards on the table.
8 Hers is a hand that will test the mettle of her audiences.
9 For Ms. Bogart, who initially studied and directed in Germany (and cites such European directors as Peter Stein, Giorgio Strehler and Ariane Mnouchkine as influences) tends to stage her productions with a Brechtian rigor -- whether the text demands it or not.
10 And Gorky, considered the father of Soviet socialist realism, did not write plays that easily lend themselves to deliberately antirealistic distancing techniques.
11 Gorky was a loyal if occasionally ambivalent proletarian writer committed to enlightening the masses with plain speaking rooted in a slightly sour version of Chekhovian humanism.
12 And 'Summerfolk,' penned in 1904 as a kind of sequel to Chekhov's 'Cherry Orchard,' is a lawn party of Russian yuppies engaged in an exhausting ideological fight to the finish between the allrightniks and the reformers.
13 Along the way there also are lots of romantic dalliances.
14 Wisely Ms. Bogart has kept Gorky's time and place intact.
15 Despite the absence of samovars (and a tendency to turn the furniture upside down), the production is rich in Russian ennui voiced by languorous folk sporting beige linen and rumpled cotton, with boaters and fishing poles aplenty.
16 But beyond this decorative nod to tradition, Ms. Bogart and company head off in a stylistic direction that all but transforms Gorky's naturalistic drama into something akin to, well, farce.
17 The director's attempt to force some Brechtian distance between her actors and their characters frequently backfires with performances that are unduly mannered.
18 Not only do the actors stand outside their characters and make it clear they are at odds with them, but they often literally stand on their heads.
19 Like Peter Sellars, Ms. Bogart manipulates her actors as if they were rag dolls, sprawling them on staircases, dangling them off tables, even hanging them from precipices while having them perform some gymnastic feats of derring-do.
20 There are moments in this 'Summerfolk' when the characters populating the vast multilevel country house (which looks like a parody of Frank Lloyd Wright and is designed by Victoria Petrovich) spout philosophic bon mots with the self-conscious rat-a-tat-tat pacing of 'Laugh In.' 'Talk hurts from where it spurts,' one of them says.
21 The clash of ideologies survives this treatment, but the nuance and richness of Gorky's individual characters have vanished in the scuffle.
22 As for the humor that Gorky's text provides, when repainted in such broad strokes (particularly by the lesser members of the ensemble) it looks and sounds forced.
23 Ms. Bogart does better with music than with words when she wants, as she so often does want, to express herself through Gorky's helpless play.
24 Here she has the aid of her longtime associate Jeff Helpern, whom she appointed Trinity's first-ever musical director and whom she equipped with a spanking new $60,000 sound system and recording studio.
25 For Gorky, Mr. Helpern provided an aural collage of Debussy and Rachmaninoff, which is less a score than a separate character with a distinct point of view.
26 Like Brecht, and indeed Ezra Pound, Ms. Bogart has said that her intent in such manipulative staging of the classics is simply an attempt to 'make it new.' Indeed, during a recent post-production audience discussion, the director explained that her fondest artistic wish was to find a way to play 'Somewhere Over the Rainbow' so that the song's 'original beauty comes through,' surmounting the cliche.
27 The danger that Ms. Bogart seems to be courting here is one of obfuscation rather than rejuvenation, a vision so at odds with the playwright's that the two points of view nullify, rather than illuminate, each other.
28 Ms. Bogart's cast is part and parcel of the problem.
29 Ed Shea and Barbara Orson never find a real reason for their love affair as the foolish, idealistic young Vass and the tirelessly humanitarian doctor Maria Lvovna.
30 Cynthia Strickland as the long-suffering Varvara is a tiresome whiner, not the inspirational counterrevolutionary Gorky intended.
31 Better to look in the corners for performances that inspire or amuse.
32 Janice Duclos, in addition to possessing one of the evening's more impressive vocal instruments, brings an unsuspected comedic touch to her role of Olga, everybody's favorite mom.
33 Marni Rice plays the maid with so much edge as to steal her two scenes.
34 But it is the Trinity Rep newcomer, Jonathan Fried (Zamislov, the paralegal) who is the actor to watch, whether he is hamming it up while conducting the chamber musicians or seducing his neighbor's wife (Becca Lish) by licking her bosom.
35 Ms. de Vries writes frequently about theater.
| 2 | Ms . Bogart , an acclaimed creator of deconstructed dramatic collages that tear into such sacred texts as Rodgers and Hammerstein ' s " South Pacific , " is decidedly downtown . | tear into such sacred texts as Rodgers | What makes these texts sacred? | 12 | 19 |
165 | 165 | 1 When the Trinity Repertory Theater named Anne Bogart its artistic director last spring, the nation's theatrical cognoscenti arched a collective eyebrow.
2 Ms. Bogart, an acclaimed creator of deconstructed dramatic collages that tear into such sacred texts as Rodgers and Hammerstein's 'South Pacific,' is decidedly downtown.
3 Trinity Rep meanwhile is one of the nation's oldest and most respected regional theaters, still hosting an annual 'A Christmas Carol.'
4 How would this bastion of traditional values fare in Ms. Bogart's iconoclastic hands?
5 She held her fire with her first production at the Trinity earlier this season.
6 It was a predictable revival of her prize-winning off-Broadway anthology of Bertolt Brecht's theoretical writings, called 'No Plays, No Poetry.'
7 Now, with the opening of Maxim Gorky's bourgeois-bashing 'Summerfolk,' Ms. Bogart has laid her cards on the table.
8 Hers is a hand that will test the mettle of her audiences.
9 For Ms. Bogart, who initially studied and directed in Germany (and cites such European directors as Peter Stein, Giorgio Strehler and Ariane Mnouchkine as influences) tends to stage her productions with a Brechtian rigor -- whether the text demands it or not.
10 And Gorky, considered the father of Soviet socialist realism, did not write plays that easily lend themselves to deliberately antirealistic distancing techniques.
11 Gorky was a loyal if occasionally ambivalent proletarian writer committed to enlightening the masses with plain speaking rooted in a slightly sour version of Chekhovian humanism.
12 And 'Summerfolk,' penned in 1904 as a kind of sequel to Chekhov's 'Cherry Orchard,' is a lawn party of Russian yuppies engaged in an exhausting ideological fight to the finish between the allrightniks and the reformers.
13 Along the way there also are lots of romantic dalliances.
14 Wisely Ms. Bogart has kept Gorky's time and place intact.
15 Despite the absence of samovars (and a tendency to turn the furniture upside down), the production is rich in Russian ennui voiced by languorous folk sporting beige linen and rumpled cotton, with boaters and fishing poles aplenty.
16 But beyond this decorative nod to tradition, Ms. Bogart and company head off in a stylistic direction that all but transforms Gorky's naturalistic drama into something akin to, well, farce.
17 The director's attempt to force some Brechtian distance between her actors and their characters frequently backfires with performances that are unduly mannered.
18 Not only do the actors stand outside their characters and make it clear they are at odds with them, but they often literally stand on their heads.
19 Like Peter Sellars, Ms. Bogart manipulates her actors as if they were rag dolls, sprawling them on staircases, dangling them off tables, even hanging them from precipices while having them perform some gymnastic feats of derring-do.
20 There are moments in this 'Summerfolk' when the characters populating the vast multilevel country house (which looks like a parody of Frank Lloyd Wright and is designed by Victoria Petrovich) spout philosophic bon mots with the self-conscious rat-a-tat-tat pacing of 'Laugh In.' 'Talk hurts from where it spurts,' one of them says.
21 The clash of ideologies survives this treatment, but the nuance and richness of Gorky's individual characters have vanished in the scuffle.
22 As for the humor that Gorky's text provides, when repainted in such broad strokes (particularly by the lesser members of the ensemble) it looks and sounds forced.
23 Ms. Bogart does better with music than with words when she wants, as she so often does want, to express herself through Gorky's helpless play.
24 Here she has the aid of her longtime associate Jeff Helpern, whom she appointed Trinity's first-ever musical director and whom she equipped with a spanking new $60,000 sound system and recording studio.
25 For Gorky, Mr. Helpern provided an aural collage of Debussy and Rachmaninoff, which is less a score than a separate character with a distinct point of view.
26 Like Brecht, and indeed Ezra Pound, Ms. Bogart has said that her intent in such manipulative staging of the classics is simply an attempt to 'make it new.' Indeed, during a recent post-production audience discussion, the director explained that her fondest artistic wish was to find a way to play 'Somewhere Over the Rainbow' so that the song's 'original beauty comes through,' surmounting the cliche.
27 The danger that Ms. Bogart seems to be courting here is one of obfuscation rather than rejuvenation, a vision so at odds with the playwright's that the two points of view nullify, rather than illuminate, each other.
28 Ms. Bogart's cast is part and parcel of the problem.
29 Ed Shea and Barbara Orson never find a real reason for their love affair as the foolish, idealistic young Vass and the tirelessly humanitarian doctor Maria Lvovna.
30 Cynthia Strickland as the long-suffering Varvara is a tiresome whiner, not the inspirational counterrevolutionary Gorky intended.
31 Better to look in the corners for performances that inspire or amuse.
32 Janice Duclos, in addition to possessing one of the evening's more impressive vocal instruments, brings an unsuspected comedic touch to her role of Olga, everybody's favorite mom.
33 Marni Rice plays the maid with so much edge as to steal her two scenes.
34 But it is the Trinity Rep newcomer, Jonathan Fried (Zamislov, the paralegal) who is the actor to watch, whether he is hamming it up while conducting the chamber musicians or seducing his neighbor's wife (Becca Lish) by licking her bosom.
35 Ms. de Vries writes frequently about theater.
| 2 | Ms . Bogart , an acclaimed creator of deconstructed dramatic collages that tear into such sacred texts as Rodgers and Hammerstein ' s " South Pacific , " is decidedly downtown . | decidedly downtown | what does that mean? | 29 | 31 |
166 | 165 | 1 When the Trinity Repertory Theater named Anne Bogart its artistic director last spring, the nation's theatrical cognoscenti arched a collective eyebrow.
2 Ms. Bogart, an acclaimed creator of deconstructed dramatic collages that tear into such sacred texts as Rodgers and Hammerstein's 'South Pacific,' is decidedly downtown.
3 Trinity Rep meanwhile is one of the nation's oldest and most respected regional theaters, still hosting an annual 'A Christmas Carol.'
4 How would this bastion of traditional values fare in Ms. Bogart's iconoclastic hands?
5 She held her fire with her first production at the Trinity earlier this season.
6 It was a predictable revival of her prize-winning off-Broadway anthology of Bertolt Brecht's theoretical writings, called 'No Plays, No Poetry.'
7 Now, with the opening of Maxim Gorky's bourgeois-bashing 'Summerfolk,' Ms. Bogart has laid her cards on the table.
8 Hers is a hand that will test the mettle of her audiences.
9 For Ms. Bogart, who initially studied and directed in Germany (and cites such European directors as Peter Stein, Giorgio Strehler and Ariane Mnouchkine as influences) tends to stage her productions with a Brechtian rigor -- whether the text demands it or not.
10 And Gorky, considered the father of Soviet socialist realism, did not write plays that easily lend themselves to deliberately antirealistic distancing techniques.
11 Gorky was a loyal if occasionally ambivalent proletarian writer committed to enlightening the masses with plain speaking rooted in a slightly sour version of Chekhovian humanism.
12 And 'Summerfolk,' penned in 1904 as a kind of sequel to Chekhov's 'Cherry Orchard,' is a lawn party of Russian yuppies engaged in an exhausting ideological fight to the finish between the allrightniks and the reformers.
13 Along the way there also are lots of romantic dalliances.
14 Wisely Ms. Bogart has kept Gorky's time and place intact.
15 Despite the absence of samovars (and a tendency to turn the furniture upside down), the production is rich in Russian ennui voiced by languorous folk sporting beige linen and rumpled cotton, with boaters and fishing poles aplenty.
16 But beyond this decorative nod to tradition, Ms. Bogart and company head off in a stylistic direction that all but transforms Gorky's naturalistic drama into something akin to, well, farce.
17 The director's attempt to force some Brechtian distance between her actors and their characters frequently backfires with performances that are unduly mannered.
18 Not only do the actors stand outside their characters and make it clear they are at odds with them, but they often literally stand on their heads.
19 Like Peter Sellars, Ms. Bogart manipulates her actors as if they were rag dolls, sprawling them on staircases, dangling them off tables, even hanging them from precipices while having them perform some gymnastic feats of derring-do.
20 There are moments in this 'Summerfolk' when the characters populating the vast multilevel country house (which looks like a parody of Frank Lloyd Wright and is designed by Victoria Petrovich) spout philosophic bon mots with the self-conscious rat-a-tat-tat pacing of 'Laugh In.' 'Talk hurts from where it spurts,' one of them says.
21 The clash of ideologies survives this treatment, but the nuance and richness of Gorky's individual characters have vanished in the scuffle.
22 As for the humor that Gorky's text provides, when repainted in such broad strokes (particularly by the lesser members of the ensemble) it looks and sounds forced.
23 Ms. Bogart does better with music than with words when she wants, as she so often does want, to express herself through Gorky's helpless play.
24 Here she has the aid of her longtime associate Jeff Helpern, whom she appointed Trinity's first-ever musical director and whom she equipped with a spanking new $60,000 sound system and recording studio.
25 For Gorky, Mr. Helpern provided an aural collage of Debussy and Rachmaninoff, which is less a score than a separate character with a distinct point of view.
26 Like Brecht, and indeed Ezra Pound, Ms. Bogart has said that her intent in such manipulative staging of the classics is simply an attempt to 'make it new.' Indeed, during a recent post-production audience discussion, the director explained that her fondest artistic wish was to find a way to play 'Somewhere Over the Rainbow' so that the song's 'original beauty comes through,' surmounting the cliche.
27 The danger that Ms. Bogart seems to be courting here is one of obfuscation rather than rejuvenation, a vision so at odds with the playwright's that the two points of view nullify, rather than illuminate, each other.
28 Ms. Bogart's cast is part and parcel of the problem.
29 Ed Shea and Barbara Orson never find a real reason for their love affair as the foolish, idealistic young Vass and the tirelessly humanitarian doctor Maria Lvovna.
30 Cynthia Strickland as the long-suffering Varvara is a tiresome whiner, not the inspirational counterrevolutionary Gorky intended.
31 Better to look in the corners for performances that inspire or amuse.
32 Janice Duclos, in addition to possessing one of the evening's more impressive vocal instruments, brings an unsuspected comedic touch to her role of Olga, everybody's favorite mom.
33 Marni Rice plays the maid with so much edge as to steal her two scenes.
34 But it is the Trinity Rep newcomer, Jonathan Fried (Zamislov, the paralegal) who is the actor to watch, whether he is hamming it up while conducting the chamber musicians or seducing his neighbor's wife (Becca Lish) by licking her bosom.
35 Ms. de Vries writes frequently about theater.
| 3 | Trinity Rep meanwhile is one of the nation ' s oldest and most respected regional theaters , still hosting an annual " A Christmas Carol . " | still hosting an annual " A Christmas Carol | Why is this particular fact relevant? | 17 | 25 |
167 | 165 | 1 When the Trinity Repertory Theater named Anne Bogart its artistic director last spring, the nation's theatrical cognoscenti arched a collective eyebrow.
2 Ms. Bogart, an acclaimed creator of deconstructed dramatic collages that tear into such sacred texts as Rodgers and Hammerstein's 'South Pacific,' is decidedly downtown.
3 Trinity Rep meanwhile is one of the nation's oldest and most respected regional theaters, still hosting an annual 'A Christmas Carol.'
4 How would this bastion of traditional values fare in Ms. Bogart's iconoclastic hands?
5 She held her fire with her first production at the Trinity earlier this season.
6 It was a predictable revival of her prize-winning off-Broadway anthology of Bertolt Brecht's theoretical writings, called 'No Plays, No Poetry.'
7 Now, with the opening of Maxim Gorky's bourgeois-bashing 'Summerfolk,' Ms. Bogart has laid her cards on the table.
8 Hers is a hand that will test the mettle of her audiences.
9 For Ms. Bogart, who initially studied and directed in Germany (and cites such European directors as Peter Stein, Giorgio Strehler and Ariane Mnouchkine as influences) tends to stage her productions with a Brechtian rigor -- whether the text demands it or not.
10 And Gorky, considered the father of Soviet socialist realism, did not write plays that easily lend themselves to deliberately antirealistic distancing techniques.
11 Gorky was a loyal if occasionally ambivalent proletarian writer committed to enlightening the masses with plain speaking rooted in a slightly sour version of Chekhovian humanism.
12 And 'Summerfolk,' penned in 1904 as a kind of sequel to Chekhov's 'Cherry Orchard,' is a lawn party of Russian yuppies engaged in an exhausting ideological fight to the finish between the allrightniks and the reformers.
13 Along the way there also are lots of romantic dalliances.
14 Wisely Ms. Bogart has kept Gorky's time and place intact.
15 Despite the absence of samovars (and a tendency to turn the furniture upside down), the production is rich in Russian ennui voiced by languorous folk sporting beige linen and rumpled cotton, with boaters and fishing poles aplenty.
16 But beyond this decorative nod to tradition, Ms. Bogart and company head off in a stylistic direction that all but transforms Gorky's naturalistic drama into something akin to, well, farce.
17 The director's attempt to force some Brechtian distance between her actors and their characters frequently backfires with performances that are unduly mannered.
18 Not only do the actors stand outside their characters and make it clear they are at odds with them, but they often literally stand on their heads.
19 Like Peter Sellars, Ms. Bogart manipulates her actors as if they were rag dolls, sprawling them on staircases, dangling them off tables, even hanging them from precipices while having them perform some gymnastic feats of derring-do.
20 There are moments in this 'Summerfolk' when the characters populating the vast multilevel country house (which looks like a parody of Frank Lloyd Wright and is designed by Victoria Petrovich) spout philosophic bon mots with the self-conscious rat-a-tat-tat pacing of 'Laugh In.' 'Talk hurts from where it spurts,' one of them says.
21 The clash of ideologies survives this treatment, but the nuance and richness of Gorky's individual characters have vanished in the scuffle.
22 As for the humor that Gorky's text provides, when repainted in such broad strokes (particularly by the lesser members of the ensemble) it looks and sounds forced.
23 Ms. Bogart does better with music than with words when she wants, as she so often does want, to express herself through Gorky's helpless play.
24 Here she has the aid of her longtime associate Jeff Helpern, whom she appointed Trinity's first-ever musical director and whom she equipped with a spanking new $60,000 sound system and recording studio.
25 For Gorky, Mr. Helpern provided an aural collage of Debussy and Rachmaninoff, which is less a score than a separate character with a distinct point of view.
26 Like Brecht, and indeed Ezra Pound, Ms. Bogart has said that her intent in such manipulative staging of the classics is simply an attempt to 'make it new.' Indeed, during a recent post-production audience discussion, the director explained that her fondest artistic wish was to find a way to play 'Somewhere Over the Rainbow' so that the song's 'original beauty comes through,' surmounting the cliche.
27 The danger that Ms. Bogart seems to be courting here is one of obfuscation rather than rejuvenation, a vision so at odds with the playwright's that the two points of view nullify, rather than illuminate, each other.
28 Ms. Bogart's cast is part and parcel of the problem.
29 Ed Shea and Barbara Orson never find a real reason for their love affair as the foolish, idealistic young Vass and the tirelessly humanitarian doctor Maria Lvovna.
30 Cynthia Strickland as the long-suffering Varvara is a tiresome whiner, not the inspirational counterrevolutionary Gorky intended.
31 Better to look in the corners for performances that inspire or amuse.
32 Janice Duclos, in addition to possessing one of the evening's more impressive vocal instruments, brings an unsuspected comedic touch to her role of Olga, everybody's favorite mom.
33 Marni Rice plays the maid with so much edge as to steal her two scenes.
34 But it is the Trinity Rep newcomer, Jonathan Fried (Zamislov, the paralegal) who is the actor to watch, whether he is hamming it up while conducting the chamber musicians or seducing his neighbor's wife (Becca Lish) by licking her bosom.
35 Ms. de Vries writes frequently about theater.
| 3 | Trinity Rep meanwhile is one of the nation ' s oldest and most respected regional theaters , still hosting an annual " A Christmas Carol . " | " A Christmas | with the three ghosts? | 21 | 24 |
168 | 165 | 1 When the Trinity Repertory Theater named Anne Bogart its artistic director last spring, the nation's theatrical cognoscenti arched a collective eyebrow.
2 Ms. Bogart, an acclaimed creator of deconstructed dramatic collages that tear into such sacred texts as Rodgers and Hammerstein's 'South Pacific,' is decidedly downtown.
3 Trinity Rep meanwhile is one of the nation's oldest and most respected regional theaters, still hosting an annual 'A Christmas Carol.'
4 How would this bastion of traditional values fare in Ms. Bogart's iconoclastic hands?
5 She held her fire with her first production at the Trinity earlier this season.
6 It was a predictable revival of her prize-winning off-Broadway anthology of Bertolt Brecht's theoretical writings, called 'No Plays, No Poetry.'
7 Now, with the opening of Maxim Gorky's bourgeois-bashing 'Summerfolk,' Ms. Bogart has laid her cards on the table.
8 Hers is a hand that will test the mettle of her audiences.
9 For Ms. Bogart, who initially studied and directed in Germany (and cites such European directors as Peter Stein, Giorgio Strehler and Ariane Mnouchkine as influences) tends to stage her productions with a Brechtian rigor -- whether the text demands it or not.
10 And Gorky, considered the father of Soviet socialist realism, did not write plays that easily lend themselves to deliberately antirealistic distancing techniques.
11 Gorky was a loyal if occasionally ambivalent proletarian writer committed to enlightening the masses with plain speaking rooted in a slightly sour version of Chekhovian humanism.
12 And 'Summerfolk,' penned in 1904 as a kind of sequel to Chekhov's 'Cherry Orchard,' is a lawn party of Russian yuppies engaged in an exhausting ideological fight to the finish between the allrightniks and the reformers.
13 Along the way there also are lots of romantic dalliances.
14 Wisely Ms. Bogart has kept Gorky's time and place intact.
15 Despite the absence of samovars (and a tendency to turn the furniture upside down), the production is rich in Russian ennui voiced by languorous folk sporting beige linen and rumpled cotton, with boaters and fishing poles aplenty.
16 But beyond this decorative nod to tradition, Ms. Bogart and company head off in a stylistic direction that all but transforms Gorky's naturalistic drama into something akin to, well, farce.
17 The director's attempt to force some Brechtian distance between her actors and their characters frequently backfires with performances that are unduly mannered.
18 Not only do the actors stand outside their characters and make it clear they are at odds with them, but they often literally stand on their heads.
19 Like Peter Sellars, Ms. Bogart manipulates her actors as if they were rag dolls, sprawling them on staircases, dangling them off tables, even hanging them from precipices while having them perform some gymnastic feats of derring-do.
20 There are moments in this 'Summerfolk' when the characters populating the vast multilevel country house (which looks like a parody of Frank Lloyd Wright and is designed by Victoria Petrovich) spout philosophic bon mots with the self-conscious rat-a-tat-tat pacing of 'Laugh In.' 'Talk hurts from where it spurts,' one of them says.
21 The clash of ideologies survives this treatment, but the nuance and richness of Gorky's individual characters have vanished in the scuffle.
22 As for the humor that Gorky's text provides, when repainted in such broad strokes (particularly by the lesser members of the ensemble) it looks and sounds forced.
23 Ms. Bogart does better with music than with words when she wants, as she so often does want, to express herself through Gorky's helpless play.
24 Here she has the aid of her longtime associate Jeff Helpern, whom she appointed Trinity's first-ever musical director and whom she equipped with a spanking new $60,000 sound system and recording studio.
25 For Gorky, Mr. Helpern provided an aural collage of Debussy and Rachmaninoff, which is less a score than a separate character with a distinct point of view.
26 Like Brecht, and indeed Ezra Pound, Ms. Bogart has said that her intent in such manipulative staging of the classics is simply an attempt to 'make it new.' Indeed, during a recent post-production audience discussion, the director explained that her fondest artistic wish was to find a way to play 'Somewhere Over the Rainbow' so that the song's 'original beauty comes through,' surmounting the cliche.
27 The danger that Ms. Bogart seems to be courting here is one of obfuscation rather than rejuvenation, a vision so at odds with the playwright's that the two points of view nullify, rather than illuminate, each other.
28 Ms. Bogart's cast is part and parcel of the problem.
29 Ed Shea and Barbara Orson never find a real reason for their love affair as the foolish, idealistic young Vass and the tirelessly humanitarian doctor Maria Lvovna.
30 Cynthia Strickland as the long-suffering Varvara is a tiresome whiner, not the inspirational counterrevolutionary Gorky intended.
31 Better to look in the corners for performances that inspire or amuse.
32 Janice Duclos, in addition to possessing one of the evening's more impressive vocal instruments, brings an unsuspected comedic touch to her role of Olga, everybody's favorite mom.
33 Marni Rice plays the maid with so much edge as to steal her two scenes.
34 But it is the Trinity Rep newcomer, Jonathan Fried (Zamislov, the paralegal) who is the actor to watch, whether he is hamming it up while conducting the chamber musicians or seducing his neighbor's wife (Becca Lish) by licking her bosom.
35 Ms. de Vries writes frequently about theater.
| 4 | How would this bastion of traditional values fare in Ms . Bogart ' s iconoclastic hands ? | iconoclastic | what is iconoclastic? | 14 | 15 |
169 | 165 | 1 When the Trinity Repertory Theater named Anne Bogart its artistic director last spring, the nation's theatrical cognoscenti arched a collective eyebrow.
2 Ms. Bogart, an acclaimed creator of deconstructed dramatic collages that tear into such sacred texts as Rodgers and Hammerstein's 'South Pacific,' is decidedly downtown.
3 Trinity Rep meanwhile is one of the nation's oldest and most respected regional theaters, still hosting an annual 'A Christmas Carol.'
4 How would this bastion of traditional values fare in Ms. Bogart's iconoclastic hands?
5 She held her fire with her first production at the Trinity earlier this season.
6 It was a predictable revival of her prize-winning off-Broadway anthology of Bertolt Brecht's theoretical writings, called 'No Plays, No Poetry.'
7 Now, with the opening of Maxim Gorky's bourgeois-bashing 'Summerfolk,' Ms. Bogart has laid her cards on the table.
8 Hers is a hand that will test the mettle of her audiences.
9 For Ms. Bogart, who initially studied and directed in Germany (and cites such European directors as Peter Stein, Giorgio Strehler and Ariane Mnouchkine as influences) tends to stage her productions with a Brechtian rigor -- whether the text demands it or not.
10 And Gorky, considered the father of Soviet socialist realism, did not write plays that easily lend themselves to deliberately antirealistic distancing techniques.
11 Gorky was a loyal if occasionally ambivalent proletarian writer committed to enlightening the masses with plain speaking rooted in a slightly sour version of Chekhovian humanism.
12 And 'Summerfolk,' penned in 1904 as a kind of sequel to Chekhov's 'Cherry Orchard,' is a lawn party of Russian yuppies engaged in an exhausting ideological fight to the finish between the allrightniks and the reformers.
13 Along the way there also are lots of romantic dalliances.
14 Wisely Ms. Bogart has kept Gorky's time and place intact.
15 Despite the absence of samovars (and a tendency to turn the furniture upside down), the production is rich in Russian ennui voiced by languorous folk sporting beige linen and rumpled cotton, with boaters and fishing poles aplenty.
16 But beyond this decorative nod to tradition, Ms. Bogart and company head off in a stylistic direction that all but transforms Gorky's naturalistic drama into something akin to, well, farce.
17 The director's attempt to force some Brechtian distance between her actors and their characters frequently backfires with performances that are unduly mannered.
18 Not only do the actors stand outside their characters and make it clear they are at odds with them, but they often literally stand on their heads.
19 Like Peter Sellars, Ms. Bogart manipulates her actors as if they were rag dolls, sprawling them on staircases, dangling them off tables, even hanging them from precipices while having them perform some gymnastic feats of derring-do.
20 There are moments in this 'Summerfolk' when the characters populating the vast multilevel country house (which looks like a parody of Frank Lloyd Wright and is designed by Victoria Petrovich) spout philosophic bon mots with the self-conscious rat-a-tat-tat pacing of 'Laugh In.' 'Talk hurts from where it spurts,' one of them says.
21 The clash of ideologies survives this treatment, but the nuance and richness of Gorky's individual characters have vanished in the scuffle.
22 As for the humor that Gorky's text provides, when repainted in such broad strokes (particularly by the lesser members of the ensemble) it looks and sounds forced.
23 Ms. Bogart does better with music than with words when she wants, as she so often does want, to express herself through Gorky's helpless play.
24 Here she has the aid of her longtime associate Jeff Helpern, whom she appointed Trinity's first-ever musical director and whom she equipped with a spanking new $60,000 sound system and recording studio.
25 For Gorky, Mr. Helpern provided an aural collage of Debussy and Rachmaninoff, which is less a score than a separate character with a distinct point of view.
26 Like Brecht, and indeed Ezra Pound, Ms. Bogart has said that her intent in such manipulative staging of the classics is simply an attempt to 'make it new.' Indeed, during a recent post-production audience discussion, the director explained that her fondest artistic wish was to find a way to play 'Somewhere Over the Rainbow' so that the song's 'original beauty comes through,' surmounting the cliche.
27 The danger that Ms. Bogart seems to be courting here is one of obfuscation rather than rejuvenation, a vision so at odds with the playwright's that the two points of view nullify, rather than illuminate, each other.
28 Ms. Bogart's cast is part and parcel of the problem.
29 Ed Shea and Barbara Orson never find a real reason for their love affair as the foolish, idealistic young Vass and the tirelessly humanitarian doctor Maria Lvovna.
30 Cynthia Strickland as the long-suffering Varvara is a tiresome whiner, not the inspirational counterrevolutionary Gorky intended.
31 Better to look in the corners for performances that inspire or amuse.
32 Janice Duclos, in addition to possessing one of the evening's more impressive vocal instruments, brings an unsuspected comedic touch to her role of Olga, everybody's favorite mom.
33 Marni Rice plays the maid with so much edge as to steal her two scenes.
34 But it is the Trinity Rep newcomer, Jonathan Fried (Zamislov, the paralegal) who is the actor to watch, whether he is hamming it up while conducting the chamber musicians or seducing his neighbor's wife (Becca Lish) by licking her bosom.
35 Ms. de Vries writes frequently about theater.
| 4 | How would this bastion of traditional values fare in Ms . Bogart ' s iconoclastic hands ? | iconoclastic hands ? | Why is she considered an iconoclast for creating new works? | 14 | 17 |
170 | 165 | 1 When the Trinity Repertory Theater named Anne Bogart its artistic director last spring, the nation's theatrical cognoscenti arched a collective eyebrow.
2 Ms. Bogart, an acclaimed creator of deconstructed dramatic collages that tear into such sacred texts as Rodgers and Hammerstein's 'South Pacific,' is decidedly downtown.
3 Trinity Rep meanwhile is one of the nation's oldest and most respected regional theaters, still hosting an annual 'A Christmas Carol.'
4 How would this bastion of traditional values fare in Ms. Bogart's iconoclastic hands?
5 She held her fire with her first production at the Trinity earlier this season.
6 It was a predictable revival of her prize-winning off-Broadway anthology of Bertolt Brecht's theoretical writings, called 'No Plays, No Poetry.'
7 Now, with the opening of Maxim Gorky's bourgeois-bashing 'Summerfolk,' Ms. Bogart has laid her cards on the table.
8 Hers is a hand that will test the mettle of her audiences.
9 For Ms. Bogart, who initially studied and directed in Germany (and cites such European directors as Peter Stein, Giorgio Strehler and Ariane Mnouchkine as influences) tends to stage her productions with a Brechtian rigor -- whether the text demands it or not.
10 And Gorky, considered the father of Soviet socialist realism, did not write plays that easily lend themselves to deliberately antirealistic distancing techniques.
11 Gorky was a loyal if occasionally ambivalent proletarian writer committed to enlightening the masses with plain speaking rooted in a slightly sour version of Chekhovian humanism.
12 And 'Summerfolk,' penned in 1904 as a kind of sequel to Chekhov's 'Cherry Orchard,' is a lawn party of Russian yuppies engaged in an exhausting ideological fight to the finish between the allrightniks and the reformers.
13 Along the way there also are lots of romantic dalliances.
14 Wisely Ms. Bogart has kept Gorky's time and place intact.
15 Despite the absence of samovars (and a tendency to turn the furniture upside down), the production is rich in Russian ennui voiced by languorous folk sporting beige linen and rumpled cotton, with boaters and fishing poles aplenty.
16 But beyond this decorative nod to tradition, Ms. Bogart and company head off in a stylistic direction that all but transforms Gorky's naturalistic drama into something akin to, well, farce.
17 The director's attempt to force some Brechtian distance between her actors and their characters frequently backfires with performances that are unduly mannered.
18 Not only do the actors stand outside their characters and make it clear they are at odds with them, but they often literally stand on their heads.
19 Like Peter Sellars, Ms. Bogart manipulates her actors as if they were rag dolls, sprawling them on staircases, dangling them off tables, even hanging them from precipices while having them perform some gymnastic feats of derring-do.
20 There are moments in this 'Summerfolk' when the characters populating the vast multilevel country house (which looks like a parody of Frank Lloyd Wright and is designed by Victoria Petrovich) spout philosophic bon mots with the self-conscious rat-a-tat-tat pacing of 'Laugh In.' 'Talk hurts from where it spurts,' one of them says.
21 The clash of ideologies survives this treatment, but the nuance and richness of Gorky's individual characters have vanished in the scuffle.
22 As for the humor that Gorky's text provides, when repainted in such broad strokes (particularly by the lesser members of the ensemble) it looks and sounds forced.
23 Ms. Bogart does better with music than with words when she wants, as she so often does want, to express herself through Gorky's helpless play.
24 Here she has the aid of her longtime associate Jeff Helpern, whom she appointed Trinity's first-ever musical director and whom she equipped with a spanking new $60,000 sound system and recording studio.
25 For Gorky, Mr. Helpern provided an aural collage of Debussy and Rachmaninoff, which is less a score than a separate character with a distinct point of view.
26 Like Brecht, and indeed Ezra Pound, Ms. Bogart has said that her intent in such manipulative staging of the classics is simply an attempt to 'make it new.' Indeed, during a recent post-production audience discussion, the director explained that her fondest artistic wish was to find a way to play 'Somewhere Over the Rainbow' so that the song's 'original beauty comes through,' surmounting the cliche.
27 The danger that Ms. Bogart seems to be courting here is one of obfuscation rather than rejuvenation, a vision so at odds with the playwright's that the two points of view nullify, rather than illuminate, each other.
28 Ms. Bogart's cast is part and parcel of the problem.
29 Ed Shea and Barbara Orson never find a real reason for their love affair as the foolish, idealistic young Vass and the tirelessly humanitarian doctor Maria Lvovna.
30 Cynthia Strickland as the long-suffering Varvara is a tiresome whiner, not the inspirational counterrevolutionary Gorky intended.
31 Better to look in the corners for performances that inspire or amuse.
32 Janice Duclos, in addition to possessing one of the evening's more impressive vocal instruments, brings an unsuspected comedic touch to her role of Olga, everybody's favorite mom.
33 Marni Rice plays the maid with so much edge as to steal her two scenes.
34 But it is the Trinity Rep newcomer, Jonathan Fried (Zamislov, the paralegal) who is the actor to watch, whether he is hamming it up while conducting the chamber musicians or seducing his neighbor's wife (Becca Lish) by licking her bosom.
35 Ms. de Vries writes frequently about theater.
| 4 | How would this bastion of traditional values fare in Ms . Bogart ' s iconoclastic hands ? | bastion of traditional values | What makes christmas carolling in a theatrical context traditional? | 3 | 7 |
171 | 165 | 1 When the Trinity Repertory Theater named Anne Bogart its artistic director last spring, the nation's theatrical cognoscenti arched a collective eyebrow.
2 Ms. Bogart, an acclaimed creator of deconstructed dramatic collages that tear into such sacred texts as Rodgers and Hammerstein's 'South Pacific,' is decidedly downtown.
3 Trinity Rep meanwhile is one of the nation's oldest and most respected regional theaters, still hosting an annual 'A Christmas Carol.'
4 How would this bastion of traditional values fare in Ms. Bogart's iconoclastic hands?
5 She held her fire with her first production at the Trinity earlier this season.
6 It was a predictable revival of her prize-winning off-Broadway anthology of Bertolt Brecht's theoretical writings, called 'No Plays, No Poetry.'
7 Now, with the opening of Maxim Gorky's bourgeois-bashing 'Summerfolk,' Ms. Bogart has laid her cards on the table.
8 Hers is a hand that will test the mettle of her audiences.
9 For Ms. Bogart, who initially studied and directed in Germany (and cites such European directors as Peter Stein, Giorgio Strehler and Ariane Mnouchkine as influences) tends to stage her productions with a Brechtian rigor -- whether the text demands it or not.
10 And Gorky, considered the father of Soviet socialist realism, did not write plays that easily lend themselves to deliberately antirealistic distancing techniques.
11 Gorky was a loyal if occasionally ambivalent proletarian writer committed to enlightening the masses with plain speaking rooted in a slightly sour version of Chekhovian humanism.
12 And 'Summerfolk,' penned in 1904 as a kind of sequel to Chekhov's 'Cherry Orchard,' is a lawn party of Russian yuppies engaged in an exhausting ideological fight to the finish between the allrightniks and the reformers.
13 Along the way there also are lots of romantic dalliances.
14 Wisely Ms. Bogart has kept Gorky's time and place intact.
15 Despite the absence of samovars (and a tendency to turn the furniture upside down), the production is rich in Russian ennui voiced by languorous folk sporting beige linen and rumpled cotton, with boaters and fishing poles aplenty.
16 But beyond this decorative nod to tradition, Ms. Bogart and company head off in a stylistic direction that all but transforms Gorky's naturalistic drama into something akin to, well, farce.
17 The director's attempt to force some Brechtian distance between her actors and their characters frequently backfires with performances that are unduly mannered.
18 Not only do the actors stand outside their characters and make it clear they are at odds with them, but they often literally stand on their heads.
19 Like Peter Sellars, Ms. Bogart manipulates her actors as if they were rag dolls, sprawling them on staircases, dangling them off tables, even hanging them from precipices while having them perform some gymnastic feats of derring-do.
20 There are moments in this 'Summerfolk' when the characters populating the vast multilevel country house (which looks like a parody of Frank Lloyd Wright and is designed by Victoria Petrovich) spout philosophic bon mots with the self-conscious rat-a-tat-tat pacing of 'Laugh In.' 'Talk hurts from where it spurts,' one of them says.
21 The clash of ideologies survives this treatment, but the nuance and richness of Gorky's individual characters have vanished in the scuffle.
22 As for the humor that Gorky's text provides, when repainted in such broad strokes (particularly by the lesser members of the ensemble) it looks and sounds forced.
23 Ms. Bogart does better with music than with words when she wants, as she so often does want, to express herself through Gorky's helpless play.
24 Here she has the aid of her longtime associate Jeff Helpern, whom she appointed Trinity's first-ever musical director and whom she equipped with a spanking new $60,000 sound system and recording studio.
25 For Gorky, Mr. Helpern provided an aural collage of Debussy and Rachmaninoff, which is less a score than a separate character with a distinct point of view.
26 Like Brecht, and indeed Ezra Pound, Ms. Bogart has said that her intent in such manipulative staging of the classics is simply an attempt to 'make it new.' Indeed, during a recent post-production audience discussion, the director explained that her fondest artistic wish was to find a way to play 'Somewhere Over the Rainbow' so that the song's 'original beauty comes through,' surmounting the cliche.
27 The danger that Ms. Bogart seems to be courting here is one of obfuscation rather than rejuvenation, a vision so at odds with the playwright's that the two points of view nullify, rather than illuminate, each other.
28 Ms. Bogart's cast is part and parcel of the problem.
29 Ed Shea and Barbara Orson never find a real reason for their love affair as the foolish, idealistic young Vass and the tirelessly humanitarian doctor Maria Lvovna.
30 Cynthia Strickland as the long-suffering Varvara is a tiresome whiner, not the inspirational counterrevolutionary Gorky intended.
31 Better to look in the corners for performances that inspire or amuse.
32 Janice Duclos, in addition to possessing one of the evening's more impressive vocal instruments, brings an unsuspected comedic touch to her role of Olga, everybody's favorite mom.
33 Marni Rice plays the maid with so much edge as to steal her two scenes.
34 But it is the Trinity Rep newcomer, Jonathan Fried (Zamislov, the paralegal) who is the actor to watch, whether he is hamming it up while conducting the chamber musicians or seducing his neighbor's wife (Becca Lish) by licking her bosom.
35 Ms. de Vries writes frequently about theater.
| 4 | How would this bastion of traditional values fare in Ms . Bogart ' s iconoclastic hands ? | iconoclastic | definition of this word? | 14 | 15 |
172 | 165 | 1 When the Trinity Repertory Theater named Anne Bogart its artistic director last spring, the nation's theatrical cognoscenti arched a collective eyebrow.
2 Ms. Bogart, an acclaimed creator of deconstructed dramatic collages that tear into such sacred texts as Rodgers and Hammerstein's 'South Pacific,' is decidedly downtown.
3 Trinity Rep meanwhile is one of the nation's oldest and most respected regional theaters, still hosting an annual 'A Christmas Carol.'
4 How would this bastion of traditional values fare in Ms. Bogart's iconoclastic hands?
5 She held her fire with her first production at the Trinity earlier this season.
6 It was a predictable revival of her prize-winning off-Broadway anthology of Bertolt Brecht's theoretical writings, called 'No Plays, No Poetry.'
7 Now, with the opening of Maxim Gorky's bourgeois-bashing 'Summerfolk,' Ms. Bogart has laid her cards on the table.
8 Hers is a hand that will test the mettle of her audiences.
9 For Ms. Bogart, who initially studied and directed in Germany (and cites such European directors as Peter Stein, Giorgio Strehler and Ariane Mnouchkine as influences) tends to stage her productions with a Brechtian rigor -- whether the text demands it or not.
10 And Gorky, considered the father of Soviet socialist realism, did not write plays that easily lend themselves to deliberately antirealistic distancing techniques.
11 Gorky was a loyal if occasionally ambivalent proletarian writer committed to enlightening the masses with plain speaking rooted in a slightly sour version of Chekhovian humanism.
12 And 'Summerfolk,' penned in 1904 as a kind of sequel to Chekhov's 'Cherry Orchard,' is a lawn party of Russian yuppies engaged in an exhausting ideological fight to the finish between the allrightniks and the reformers.
13 Along the way there also are lots of romantic dalliances.
14 Wisely Ms. Bogart has kept Gorky's time and place intact.
15 Despite the absence of samovars (and a tendency to turn the furniture upside down), the production is rich in Russian ennui voiced by languorous folk sporting beige linen and rumpled cotton, with boaters and fishing poles aplenty.
16 But beyond this decorative nod to tradition, Ms. Bogart and company head off in a stylistic direction that all but transforms Gorky's naturalistic drama into something akin to, well, farce.
17 The director's attempt to force some Brechtian distance between her actors and their characters frequently backfires with performances that are unduly mannered.
18 Not only do the actors stand outside their characters and make it clear they are at odds with them, but they often literally stand on their heads.
19 Like Peter Sellars, Ms. Bogart manipulates her actors as if they were rag dolls, sprawling them on staircases, dangling them off tables, even hanging them from precipices while having them perform some gymnastic feats of derring-do.
20 There are moments in this 'Summerfolk' when the characters populating the vast multilevel country house (which looks like a parody of Frank Lloyd Wright and is designed by Victoria Petrovich) spout philosophic bon mots with the self-conscious rat-a-tat-tat pacing of 'Laugh In.' 'Talk hurts from where it spurts,' one of them says.
21 The clash of ideologies survives this treatment, but the nuance and richness of Gorky's individual characters have vanished in the scuffle.
22 As for the humor that Gorky's text provides, when repainted in such broad strokes (particularly by the lesser members of the ensemble) it looks and sounds forced.
23 Ms. Bogart does better with music than with words when she wants, as she so often does want, to express herself through Gorky's helpless play.
24 Here she has the aid of her longtime associate Jeff Helpern, whom she appointed Trinity's first-ever musical director and whom she equipped with a spanking new $60,000 sound system and recording studio.
25 For Gorky, Mr. Helpern provided an aural collage of Debussy and Rachmaninoff, which is less a score than a separate character with a distinct point of view.
26 Like Brecht, and indeed Ezra Pound, Ms. Bogart has said that her intent in such manipulative staging of the classics is simply an attempt to 'make it new.' Indeed, during a recent post-production audience discussion, the director explained that her fondest artistic wish was to find a way to play 'Somewhere Over the Rainbow' so that the song's 'original beauty comes through,' surmounting the cliche.
27 The danger that Ms. Bogart seems to be courting here is one of obfuscation rather than rejuvenation, a vision so at odds with the playwright's that the two points of view nullify, rather than illuminate, each other.
28 Ms. Bogart's cast is part and parcel of the problem.
29 Ed Shea and Barbara Orson never find a real reason for their love affair as the foolish, idealistic young Vass and the tirelessly humanitarian doctor Maria Lvovna.
30 Cynthia Strickland as the long-suffering Varvara is a tiresome whiner, not the inspirational counterrevolutionary Gorky intended.
31 Better to look in the corners for performances that inspire or amuse.
32 Janice Duclos, in addition to possessing one of the evening's more impressive vocal instruments, brings an unsuspected comedic touch to her role of Olga, everybody's favorite mom.
33 Marni Rice plays the maid with so much edge as to steal her two scenes.
34 But it is the Trinity Rep newcomer, Jonathan Fried (Zamislov, the paralegal) who is the actor to watch, whether he is hamming it up while conducting the chamber musicians or seducing his neighbor's wife (Becca Lish) by licking her bosom.
35 Ms. de Vries writes frequently about theater.
| 5 | She held her fire with her first production at the Trinity earlier this season . | held her fire | what does held her fire mean here? | 1 | 4 |
173 | 166 | 1 California legislators, searching for ways to pay for the $4 billion to $6 billion in damages from last week's earthquake, are laying the groundwork for a temporary increase in the state's sales tax.
2 The talk of a sales tax rise follows a rebuff from Congress on the question of how much the federal government is willing to spend to aid in California's earthquake relief efforts.
3 The state had sought as much as $4.1 billion in relief, but yesterday the House approved a more general scaled-back measure calling for $2.85 billion in aid, the bulk of which would go to California, with an unspecified amount going to regions affected by Hurricane Hugo.
4 That leaves the state roughly $2 billion to $4 billion short.
5 A sales tax increase appears to be the fastest and easiest to raise funds in a hurry.
6 According to the state department of finance, a one-penny increase in the state's six-cent per dollar sales tax could raise $3 billion.
7 Willie Brown, speaker of California's Assembly, said that Gov. George Deukmejian has agreed to schedule a special session of the legislature within two weeks.
8 California's so-called Gann limit effectively prevents the state from spending new tax money and so drastically limits its options in an emergency.
9 Both Mr. Brown, the state's most influential legislator, and Gov. Deukmejian favor a temporary sales tax increase -- should more money be needed than the state can raise from existing sources and the federal government.
10 According to a spokesman, the governor is also studying the possibility of raising state gasoline taxes.
11 Mr. Brown, meanwhile, believes 'only one tax will be feasible, and it will be a one-penny sales tax increase,' said Chuck Dalldorf, an aide.
12 One immediate source of money is an emergency fund set up by Gov. Deukmejian.
13 The fund has about $1 billion and is set up to handle 'precisely the kind of emergency' the state faces, said Tom Beermann, the Governor's deputy press secretary.
14 But the fund's size is disputed by Mr. Brown's office, which estimates the fund holds from $630 million to $800 million.
15 Moreover, an aide to Mr. Brown said Gov. Deukmejian 'has expressed a desire not to spend all the reserve on this.'
16 To push through a sales tax increase, however, the state will have to suspend the Gann limit, citing an emergency.
17 And then it will be required to lower taxes by a corresponding amount during a three-year period after the temporary tax increase ends, said Cindy Katz, assistant director of the state department of finance.
18 A sales tax increase would require two-thirds approval in both houses of the state's legislature.
19 But observers expect broad support. 'If there's an emergency and there aren't sufficient funds from elsewhere, I think the attitude will be supportive,' said Kirk West, president of the California Chamber of Commerce.
20 But others think property owners ought to pay a higher portion of the state's earthquake relief tab.
21 Since the late 1970s, California property owners have benefited from a tax rollback as a result of a state ballot initiative known as Proposition 13.
22 The state could also increase gasoline taxes; every one penny increase in the tax would yield $11 million a month.
23 But Gov. Deukmejian and others are reluctant to do anything to harm the state's chances of sharply raising gasoline taxes on a permanent basis.
24 To raise more highway funds, a measure to double the state's nine-cent a gallon tax over five years is set to appear on the state's June election ballot.
25 But some fear imposing a temporary gasoline tax increase in the meantime could undercut support among voters for the measure.
26 Not everyone is convinced the state must raise new revenue to meet its earthquake needs. 'It's possible, though not probable,' that the state could get by with its existing resources and federal help, said Quentin Kopp, chairman of the state senate's transportation committee.
27 Separately, two men injured in last week's earthquake-triggered freeway collapse in Oakland began a legal battle against the state over whether officials adequately heeded warnings about the structure's safety.
28 The claims, which were filed with the State Board of Control but will probably end up in court, are the first arising out of the collapse of the so-called Cypress structure viaduct.
29 The men can defeat immunities that states often assert in court by showing that officials knew or should have known that design of the structure was defective and that they failed to make reasonable changes.
30 A Board of Control spokesman said the board had not seen the claim and declined to comment.
| 1 | California legislators , searching for ways to pay for the $ 4 billion to $ 6 billion in damages from last week ' s earthquake , are laying the groundwork for a temporary increase in the state ' s sales tax . | California legislators , | Who are the California legislators? | 0 | 3 |
174 | 166 | 1 California legislators, searching for ways to pay for the $4 billion to $6 billion in damages from last week's earthquake, are laying the groundwork for a temporary increase in the state's sales tax.
2 The talk of a sales tax rise follows a rebuff from Congress on the question of how much the federal government is willing to spend to aid in California's earthquake relief efforts.
3 The state had sought as much as $4.1 billion in relief, but yesterday the House approved a more general scaled-back measure calling for $2.85 billion in aid, the bulk of which would go to California, with an unspecified amount going to regions affected by Hurricane Hugo.
4 That leaves the state roughly $2 billion to $4 billion short.
5 A sales tax increase appears to be the fastest and easiest to raise funds in a hurry.
6 According to the state department of finance, a one-penny increase in the state's six-cent per dollar sales tax could raise $3 billion.
7 Willie Brown, speaker of California's Assembly, said that Gov. George Deukmejian has agreed to schedule a special session of the legislature within two weeks.
8 California's so-called Gann limit effectively prevents the state from spending new tax money and so drastically limits its options in an emergency.
9 Both Mr. Brown, the state's most influential legislator, and Gov. Deukmejian favor a temporary sales tax increase -- should more money be needed than the state can raise from existing sources and the federal government.
10 According to a spokesman, the governor is also studying the possibility of raising state gasoline taxes.
11 Mr. Brown, meanwhile, believes 'only one tax will be feasible, and it will be a one-penny sales tax increase,' said Chuck Dalldorf, an aide.
12 One immediate source of money is an emergency fund set up by Gov. Deukmejian.
13 The fund has about $1 billion and is set up to handle 'precisely the kind of emergency' the state faces, said Tom Beermann, the Governor's deputy press secretary.
14 But the fund's size is disputed by Mr. Brown's office, which estimates the fund holds from $630 million to $800 million.
15 Moreover, an aide to Mr. Brown said Gov. Deukmejian 'has expressed a desire not to spend all the reserve on this.'
16 To push through a sales tax increase, however, the state will have to suspend the Gann limit, citing an emergency.
17 And then it will be required to lower taxes by a corresponding amount during a three-year period after the temporary tax increase ends, said Cindy Katz, assistant director of the state department of finance.
18 A sales tax increase would require two-thirds approval in both houses of the state's legislature.
19 But observers expect broad support. 'If there's an emergency and there aren't sufficient funds from elsewhere, I think the attitude will be supportive,' said Kirk West, president of the California Chamber of Commerce.
20 But others think property owners ought to pay a higher portion of the state's earthquake relief tab.
21 Since the late 1970s, California property owners have benefited from a tax rollback as a result of a state ballot initiative known as Proposition 13.
22 The state could also increase gasoline taxes; every one penny increase in the tax would yield $11 million a month.
23 But Gov. Deukmejian and others are reluctant to do anything to harm the state's chances of sharply raising gasoline taxes on a permanent basis.
24 To raise more highway funds, a measure to double the state's nine-cent a gallon tax over five years is set to appear on the state's June election ballot.
25 But some fear imposing a temporary gasoline tax increase in the meantime could undercut support among voters for the measure.
26 Not everyone is convinced the state must raise new revenue to meet its earthquake needs. 'It's possible, though not probable,' that the state could get by with its existing resources and federal help, said Quentin Kopp, chairman of the state senate's transportation committee.
27 Separately, two men injured in last week's earthquake-triggered freeway collapse in Oakland began a legal battle against the state over whether officials adequately heeded warnings about the structure's safety.
28 The claims, which were filed with the State Board of Control but will probably end up in court, are the first arising out of the collapse of the so-called Cypress structure viaduct.
29 The men can defeat immunities that states often assert in court by showing that officials knew or should have known that design of the structure was defective and that they failed to make reasonable changes.
30 A Board of Control spokesman said the board had not seen the claim and declined to comment.
| 1 | California legislators , searching for ways to pay for the $ 4 billion to $ 6 billion in damages from last week ' s earthquake , are laying the groundwork for a temporary increase in the state ' s sales tax . | temporary increase in the state ' s sales tax | How a temporary increase in the state's sales tax is going to help pay the $4 billion to $6 billion ? | 32 | 41 |
175 | 166 | 1 California legislators, searching for ways to pay for the $4 billion to $6 billion in damages from last week's earthquake, are laying the groundwork for a temporary increase in the state's sales tax.
2 The talk of a sales tax rise follows a rebuff from Congress on the question of how much the federal government is willing to spend to aid in California's earthquake relief efforts.
3 The state had sought as much as $4.1 billion in relief, but yesterday the House approved a more general scaled-back measure calling for $2.85 billion in aid, the bulk of which would go to California, with an unspecified amount going to regions affected by Hurricane Hugo.
4 That leaves the state roughly $2 billion to $4 billion short.
5 A sales tax increase appears to be the fastest and easiest to raise funds in a hurry.
6 According to the state department of finance, a one-penny increase in the state's six-cent per dollar sales tax could raise $3 billion.
7 Willie Brown, speaker of California's Assembly, said that Gov. George Deukmejian has agreed to schedule a special session of the legislature within two weeks.
8 California's so-called Gann limit effectively prevents the state from spending new tax money and so drastically limits its options in an emergency.
9 Both Mr. Brown, the state's most influential legislator, and Gov. Deukmejian favor a temporary sales tax increase -- should more money be needed than the state can raise from existing sources and the federal government.
10 According to a spokesman, the governor is also studying the possibility of raising state gasoline taxes.
11 Mr. Brown, meanwhile, believes 'only one tax will be feasible, and it will be a one-penny sales tax increase,' said Chuck Dalldorf, an aide.
12 One immediate source of money is an emergency fund set up by Gov. Deukmejian.
13 The fund has about $1 billion and is set up to handle 'precisely the kind of emergency' the state faces, said Tom Beermann, the Governor's deputy press secretary.
14 But the fund's size is disputed by Mr. Brown's office, which estimates the fund holds from $630 million to $800 million.
15 Moreover, an aide to Mr. Brown said Gov. Deukmejian 'has expressed a desire not to spend all the reserve on this.'
16 To push through a sales tax increase, however, the state will have to suspend the Gann limit, citing an emergency.
17 And then it will be required to lower taxes by a corresponding amount during a three-year period after the temporary tax increase ends, said Cindy Katz, assistant director of the state department of finance.
18 A sales tax increase would require two-thirds approval in both houses of the state's legislature.
19 But observers expect broad support. 'If there's an emergency and there aren't sufficient funds from elsewhere, I think the attitude will be supportive,' said Kirk West, president of the California Chamber of Commerce.
20 But others think property owners ought to pay a higher portion of the state's earthquake relief tab.
21 Since the late 1970s, California property owners have benefited from a tax rollback as a result of a state ballot initiative known as Proposition 13.
22 The state could also increase gasoline taxes; every one penny increase in the tax would yield $11 million a month.
23 But Gov. Deukmejian and others are reluctant to do anything to harm the state's chances of sharply raising gasoline taxes on a permanent basis.
24 To raise more highway funds, a measure to double the state's nine-cent a gallon tax over five years is set to appear on the state's June election ballot.
25 But some fear imposing a temporary gasoline tax increase in the meantime could undercut support among voters for the measure.
26 Not everyone is convinced the state must raise new revenue to meet its earthquake needs. 'It's possible, though not probable,' that the state could get by with its existing resources and federal help, said Quentin Kopp, chairman of the state senate's transportation committee.
27 Separately, two men injured in last week's earthquake-triggered freeway collapse in Oakland began a legal battle against the state over whether officials adequately heeded warnings about the structure's safety.
28 The claims, which were filed with the State Board of Control but will probably end up in court, are the first arising out of the collapse of the so-called Cypress structure viaduct.
29 The men can defeat immunities that states often assert in court by showing that officials knew or should have known that design of the structure was defective and that they failed to make reasonable changes.
30 A Board of Control spokesman said the board had not seen the claim and declined to comment.
| 1 | California legislators , searching for ways to pay for the $ 4 billion to $ 6 billion in damages from last week ' s earthquake , are laying the groundwork for a temporary increase in the state ' s sales tax . | temporary increase in the state ' s sales tax | How much will the state's sales tax be increased? | 32 | 41 |
176 | 166 | 1 California legislators, searching for ways to pay for the $4 billion to $6 billion in damages from last week's earthquake, are laying the groundwork for a temporary increase in the state's sales tax.
2 The talk of a sales tax rise follows a rebuff from Congress on the question of how much the federal government is willing to spend to aid in California's earthquake relief efforts.
3 The state had sought as much as $4.1 billion in relief, but yesterday the House approved a more general scaled-back measure calling for $2.85 billion in aid, the bulk of which would go to California, with an unspecified amount going to regions affected by Hurricane Hugo.
4 That leaves the state roughly $2 billion to $4 billion short.
5 A sales tax increase appears to be the fastest and easiest to raise funds in a hurry.
6 According to the state department of finance, a one-penny increase in the state's six-cent per dollar sales tax could raise $3 billion.
7 Willie Brown, speaker of California's Assembly, said that Gov. George Deukmejian has agreed to schedule a special session of the legislature within two weeks.
8 California's so-called Gann limit effectively prevents the state from spending new tax money and so drastically limits its options in an emergency.
9 Both Mr. Brown, the state's most influential legislator, and Gov. Deukmejian favor a temporary sales tax increase -- should more money be needed than the state can raise from existing sources and the federal government.
10 According to a spokesman, the governor is also studying the possibility of raising state gasoline taxes.
11 Mr. Brown, meanwhile, believes 'only one tax will be feasible, and it will be a one-penny sales tax increase,' said Chuck Dalldorf, an aide.
12 One immediate source of money is an emergency fund set up by Gov. Deukmejian.
13 The fund has about $1 billion and is set up to handle 'precisely the kind of emergency' the state faces, said Tom Beermann, the Governor's deputy press secretary.
14 But the fund's size is disputed by Mr. Brown's office, which estimates the fund holds from $630 million to $800 million.
15 Moreover, an aide to Mr. Brown said Gov. Deukmejian 'has expressed a desire not to spend all the reserve on this.'
16 To push through a sales tax increase, however, the state will have to suspend the Gann limit, citing an emergency.
17 And then it will be required to lower taxes by a corresponding amount during a three-year period after the temporary tax increase ends, said Cindy Katz, assistant director of the state department of finance.
18 A sales tax increase would require two-thirds approval in both houses of the state's legislature.
19 But observers expect broad support. 'If there's an emergency and there aren't sufficient funds from elsewhere, I think the attitude will be supportive,' said Kirk West, president of the California Chamber of Commerce.
20 But others think property owners ought to pay a higher portion of the state's earthquake relief tab.
21 Since the late 1970s, California property owners have benefited from a tax rollback as a result of a state ballot initiative known as Proposition 13.
22 The state could also increase gasoline taxes; every one penny increase in the tax would yield $11 million a month.
23 But Gov. Deukmejian and others are reluctant to do anything to harm the state's chances of sharply raising gasoline taxes on a permanent basis.
24 To raise more highway funds, a measure to double the state's nine-cent a gallon tax over five years is set to appear on the state's June election ballot.
25 But some fear imposing a temporary gasoline tax increase in the meantime could undercut support among voters for the measure.
26 Not everyone is convinced the state must raise new revenue to meet its earthquake needs. 'It's possible, though not probable,' that the state could get by with its existing resources and federal help, said Quentin Kopp, chairman of the state senate's transportation committee.
27 Separately, two men injured in last week's earthquake-triggered freeway collapse in Oakland began a legal battle against the state over whether officials adequately heeded warnings about the structure's safety.
28 The claims, which were filed with the State Board of Control but will probably end up in court, are the first arising out of the collapse of the so-called Cypress structure viaduct.
29 The men can defeat immunities that states often assert in court by showing that officials knew or should have known that design of the structure was defective and that they failed to make reasonable changes.
30 A Board of Control spokesman said the board had not seen the claim and declined to comment.
| 2 | The talk of a sales tax rise follows a rebuff from Congress on the question of how much the federal government is willing to spend to aid in California ' s earthquake relief efforts . | follows a rebuff from Congress | What prompted the rebuff from Congress? | 7 | 12 |
177 | 166 | 1 California legislators, searching for ways to pay for the $4 billion to $6 billion in damages from last week's earthquake, are laying the groundwork for a temporary increase in the state's sales tax.
2 The talk of a sales tax rise follows a rebuff from Congress on the question of how much the federal government is willing to spend to aid in California's earthquake relief efforts.
3 The state had sought as much as $4.1 billion in relief, but yesterday the House approved a more general scaled-back measure calling for $2.85 billion in aid, the bulk of which would go to California, with an unspecified amount going to regions affected by Hurricane Hugo.
4 That leaves the state roughly $2 billion to $4 billion short.
5 A sales tax increase appears to be the fastest and easiest to raise funds in a hurry.
6 According to the state department of finance, a one-penny increase in the state's six-cent per dollar sales tax could raise $3 billion.
7 Willie Brown, speaker of California's Assembly, said that Gov. George Deukmejian has agreed to schedule a special session of the legislature within two weeks.
8 California's so-called Gann limit effectively prevents the state from spending new tax money and so drastically limits its options in an emergency.
9 Both Mr. Brown, the state's most influential legislator, and Gov. Deukmejian favor a temporary sales tax increase -- should more money be needed than the state can raise from existing sources and the federal government.
10 According to a spokesman, the governor is also studying the possibility of raising state gasoline taxes.
11 Mr. Brown, meanwhile, believes 'only one tax will be feasible, and it will be a one-penny sales tax increase,' said Chuck Dalldorf, an aide.
12 One immediate source of money is an emergency fund set up by Gov. Deukmejian.
13 The fund has about $1 billion and is set up to handle 'precisely the kind of emergency' the state faces, said Tom Beermann, the Governor's deputy press secretary.
14 But the fund's size is disputed by Mr. Brown's office, which estimates the fund holds from $630 million to $800 million.
15 Moreover, an aide to Mr. Brown said Gov. Deukmejian 'has expressed a desire not to spend all the reserve on this.'
16 To push through a sales tax increase, however, the state will have to suspend the Gann limit, citing an emergency.
17 And then it will be required to lower taxes by a corresponding amount during a three-year period after the temporary tax increase ends, said Cindy Katz, assistant director of the state department of finance.
18 A sales tax increase would require two-thirds approval in both houses of the state's legislature.
19 But observers expect broad support. 'If there's an emergency and there aren't sufficient funds from elsewhere, I think the attitude will be supportive,' said Kirk West, president of the California Chamber of Commerce.
20 But others think property owners ought to pay a higher portion of the state's earthquake relief tab.
21 Since the late 1970s, California property owners have benefited from a tax rollback as a result of a state ballot initiative known as Proposition 13.
22 The state could also increase gasoline taxes; every one penny increase in the tax would yield $11 million a month.
23 But Gov. Deukmejian and others are reluctant to do anything to harm the state's chances of sharply raising gasoline taxes on a permanent basis.
24 To raise more highway funds, a measure to double the state's nine-cent a gallon tax over five years is set to appear on the state's June election ballot.
25 But some fear imposing a temporary gasoline tax increase in the meantime could undercut support among voters for the measure.
26 Not everyone is convinced the state must raise new revenue to meet its earthquake needs. 'It's possible, though not probable,' that the state could get by with its existing resources and federal help, said Quentin Kopp, chairman of the state senate's transportation committee.
27 Separately, two men injured in last week's earthquake-triggered freeway collapse in Oakland began a legal battle against the state over whether officials adequately heeded warnings about the structure's safety.
28 The claims, which were filed with the State Board of Control but will probably end up in court, are the first arising out of the collapse of the so-called Cypress structure viaduct.
29 The men can defeat immunities that states often assert in court by showing that officials knew or should have known that design of the structure was defective and that they failed to make reasonable changes.
30 A Board of Control spokesman said the board had not seen the claim and declined to comment.
| 2 | The talk of a sales tax rise follows a rebuff from Congress on the question of how much the federal government is willing to spend to aid in California ' s earthquake relief efforts . | federal government | why is federal government answerable to congress? | 19 | 21 |
178 | 166 | 1 California legislators, searching for ways to pay for the $4 billion to $6 billion in damages from last week's earthquake, are laying the groundwork for a temporary increase in the state's sales tax.
2 The talk of a sales tax rise follows a rebuff from Congress on the question of how much the federal government is willing to spend to aid in California's earthquake relief efforts.
3 The state had sought as much as $4.1 billion in relief, but yesterday the House approved a more general scaled-back measure calling for $2.85 billion in aid, the bulk of which would go to California, with an unspecified amount going to regions affected by Hurricane Hugo.
4 That leaves the state roughly $2 billion to $4 billion short.
5 A sales tax increase appears to be the fastest and easiest to raise funds in a hurry.
6 According to the state department of finance, a one-penny increase in the state's six-cent per dollar sales tax could raise $3 billion.
7 Willie Brown, speaker of California's Assembly, said that Gov. George Deukmejian has agreed to schedule a special session of the legislature within two weeks.
8 California's so-called Gann limit effectively prevents the state from spending new tax money and so drastically limits its options in an emergency.
9 Both Mr. Brown, the state's most influential legislator, and Gov. Deukmejian favor a temporary sales tax increase -- should more money be needed than the state can raise from existing sources and the federal government.
10 According to a spokesman, the governor is also studying the possibility of raising state gasoline taxes.
11 Mr. Brown, meanwhile, believes 'only one tax will be feasible, and it will be a one-penny sales tax increase,' said Chuck Dalldorf, an aide.
12 One immediate source of money is an emergency fund set up by Gov. Deukmejian.
13 The fund has about $1 billion and is set up to handle 'precisely the kind of emergency' the state faces, said Tom Beermann, the Governor's deputy press secretary.
14 But the fund's size is disputed by Mr. Brown's office, which estimates the fund holds from $630 million to $800 million.
15 Moreover, an aide to Mr. Brown said Gov. Deukmejian 'has expressed a desire not to spend all the reserve on this.'
16 To push through a sales tax increase, however, the state will have to suspend the Gann limit, citing an emergency.
17 And then it will be required to lower taxes by a corresponding amount during a three-year period after the temporary tax increase ends, said Cindy Katz, assistant director of the state department of finance.
18 A sales tax increase would require two-thirds approval in both houses of the state's legislature.
19 But observers expect broad support. 'If there's an emergency and there aren't sufficient funds from elsewhere, I think the attitude will be supportive,' said Kirk West, president of the California Chamber of Commerce.
20 But others think property owners ought to pay a higher portion of the state's earthquake relief tab.
21 Since the late 1970s, California property owners have benefited from a tax rollback as a result of a state ballot initiative known as Proposition 13.
22 The state could also increase gasoline taxes; every one penny increase in the tax would yield $11 million a month.
23 But Gov. Deukmejian and others are reluctant to do anything to harm the state's chances of sharply raising gasoline taxes on a permanent basis.
24 To raise more highway funds, a measure to double the state's nine-cent a gallon tax over five years is set to appear on the state's June election ballot.
25 But some fear imposing a temporary gasoline tax increase in the meantime could undercut support among voters for the measure.
26 Not everyone is convinced the state must raise new revenue to meet its earthquake needs. 'It's possible, though not probable,' that the state could get by with its existing resources and federal help, said Quentin Kopp, chairman of the state senate's transportation committee.
27 Separately, two men injured in last week's earthquake-triggered freeway collapse in Oakland began a legal battle against the state over whether officials adequately heeded warnings about the structure's safety.
28 The claims, which were filed with the State Board of Control but will probably end up in court, are the first arising out of the collapse of the so-called Cypress structure viaduct.
29 The men can defeat immunities that states often assert in court by showing that officials knew or should have known that design of the structure was defective and that they failed to make reasonable changes.
30 A Board of Control spokesman said the board had not seen the claim and declined to comment.
| 2 | The talk of a sales tax rise follows a rebuff from Congress on the question of how much the federal government is willing to spend to aid in California ' s earthquake relief efforts . | a rebuff from Congress | How did Congress rebuff this issue? | 8 | 12 |
179 | 166 | 1 California legislators, searching for ways to pay for the $4 billion to $6 billion in damages from last week's earthquake, are laying the groundwork for a temporary increase in the state's sales tax.
2 The talk of a sales tax rise follows a rebuff from Congress on the question of how much the federal government is willing to spend to aid in California's earthquake relief efforts.
3 The state had sought as much as $4.1 billion in relief, but yesterday the House approved a more general scaled-back measure calling for $2.85 billion in aid, the bulk of which would go to California, with an unspecified amount going to regions affected by Hurricane Hugo.
4 That leaves the state roughly $2 billion to $4 billion short.
5 A sales tax increase appears to be the fastest and easiest to raise funds in a hurry.
6 According to the state department of finance, a one-penny increase in the state's six-cent per dollar sales tax could raise $3 billion.
7 Willie Brown, speaker of California's Assembly, said that Gov. George Deukmejian has agreed to schedule a special session of the legislature within two weeks.
8 California's so-called Gann limit effectively prevents the state from spending new tax money and so drastically limits its options in an emergency.
9 Both Mr. Brown, the state's most influential legislator, and Gov. Deukmejian favor a temporary sales tax increase -- should more money be needed than the state can raise from existing sources and the federal government.
10 According to a spokesman, the governor is also studying the possibility of raising state gasoline taxes.
11 Mr. Brown, meanwhile, believes 'only one tax will be feasible, and it will be a one-penny sales tax increase,' said Chuck Dalldorf, an aide.
12 One immediate source of money is an emergency fund set up by Gov. Deukmejian.
13 The fund has about $1 billion and is set up to handle 'precisely the kind of emergency' the state faces, said Tom Beermann, the Governor's deputy press secretary.
14 But the fund's size is disputed by Mr. Brown's office, which estimates the fund holds from $630 million to $800 million.
15 Moreover, an aide to Mr. Brown said Gov. Deukmejian 'has expressed a desire not to spend all the reserve on this.'
16 To push through a sales tax increase, however, the state will have to suspend the Gann limit, citing an emergency.
17 And then it will be required to lower taxes by a corresponding amount during a three-year period after the temporary tax increase ends, said Cindy Katz, assistant director of the state department of finance.
18 A sales tax increase would require two-thirds approval in both houses of the state's legislature.
19 But observers expect broad support. 'If there's an emergency and there aren't sufficient funds from elsewhere, I think the attitude will be supportive,' said Kirk West, president of the California Chamber of Commerce.
20 But others think property owners ought to pay a higher portion of the state's earthquake relief tab.
21 Since the late 1970s, California property owners have benefited from a tax rollback as a result of a state ballot initiative known as Proposition 13.
22 The state could also increase gasoline taxes; every one penny increase in the tax would yield $11 million a month.
23 But Gov. Deukmejian and others are reluctant to do anything to harm the state's chances of sharply raising gasoline taxes on a permanent basis.
24 To raise more highway funds, a measure to double the state's nine-cent a gallon tax over five years is set to appear on the state's June election ballot.
25 But some fear imposing a temporary gasoline tax increase in the meantime could undercut support among voters for the measure.
26 Not everyone is convinced the state must raise new revenue to meet its earthquake needs. 'It's possible, though not probable,' that the state could get by with its existing resources and federal help, said Quentin Kopp, chairman of the state senate's transportation committee.
27 Separately, two men injured in last week's earthquake-triggered freeway collapse in Oakland began a legal battle against the state over whether officials adequately heeded warnings about the structure's safety.
28 The claims, which were filed with the State Board of Control but will probably end up in court, are the first arising out of the collapse of the so-called Cypress structure viaduct.
29 The men can defeat immunities that states often assert in court by showing that officials knew or should have known that design of the structure was defective and that they failed to make reasonable changes.
30 A Board of Control spokesman said the board had not seen the claim and declined to comment.
| 3 | The state had sought as much as $ 4 . 1 billion in relief , but yesterday the House approved a more general scaled - back measure calling for $ 2 . 85 billion in aid , the bulk of which would go to California , with an unspecified amount going to regions affected by Hurricane Hugo . | House approved a more general scaled - back measure | Why did the House decide on this change? | 18 | 27 |
180 | 166 | 1 California legislators, searching for ways to pay for the $4 billion to $6 billion in damages from last week's earthquake, are laying the groundwork for a temporary increase in the state's sales tax.
2 The talk of a sales tax rise follows a rebuff from Congress on the question of how much the federal government is willing to spend to aid in California's earthquake relief efforts.
3 The state had sought as much as $4.1 billion in relief, but yesterday the House approved a more general scaled-back measure calling for $2.85 billion in aid, the bulk of which would go to California, with an unspecified amount going to regions affected by Hurricane Hugo.
4 That leaves the state roughly $2 billion to $4 billion short.
5 A sales tax increase appears to be the fastest and easiest to raise funds in a hurry.
6 According to the state department of finance, a one-penny increase in the state's six-cent per dollar sales tax could raise $3 billion.
7 Willie Brown, speaker of California's Assembly, said that Gov. George Deukmejian has agreed to schedule a special session of the legislature within two weeks.
8 California's so-called Gann limit effectively prevents the state from spending new tax money and so drastically limits its options in an emergency.
9 Both Mr. Brown, the state's most influential legislator, and Gov. Deukmejian favor a temporary sales tax increase -- should more money be needed than the state can raise from existing sources and the federal government.
10 According to a spokesman, the governor is also studying the possibility of raising state gasoline taxes.
11 Mr. Brown, meanwhile, believes 'only one tax will be feasible, and it will be a one-penny sales tax increase,' said Chuck Dalldorf, an aide.
12 One immediate source of money is an emergency fund set up by Gov. Deukmejian.
13 The fund has about $1 billion and is set up to handle 'precisely the kind of emergency' the state faces, said Tom Beermann, the Governor's deputy press secretary.
14 But the fund's size is disputed by Mr. Brown's office, which estimates the fund holds from $630 million to $800 million.
15 Moreover, an aide to Mr. Brown said Gov. Deukmejian 'has expressed a desire not to spend all the reserve on this.'
16 To push through a sales tax increase, however, the state will have to suspend the Gann limit, citing an emergency.
17 And then it will be required to lower taxes by a corresponding amount during a three-year period after the temporary tax increase ends, said Cindy Katz, assistant director of the state department of finance.
18 A sales tax increase would require two-thirds approval in both houses of the state's legislature.
19 But observers expect broad support. 'If there's an emergency and there aren't sufficient funds from elsewhere, I think the attitude will be supportive,' said Kirk West, president of the California Chamber of Commerce.
20 But others think property owners ought to pay a higher portion of the state's earthquake relief tab.
21 Since the late 1970s, California property owners have benefited from a tax rollback as a result of a state ballot initiative known as Proposition 13.
22 The state could also increase gasoline taxes; every one penny increase in the tax would yield $11 million a month.
23 But Gov. Deukmejian and others are reluctant to do anything to harm the state's chances of sharply raising gasoline taxes on a permanent basis.
24 To raise more highway funds, a measure to double the state's nine-cent a gallon tax over five years is set to appear on the state's June election ballot.
25 But some fear imposing a temporary gasoline tax increase in the meantime could undercut support among voters for the measure.
26 Not everyone is convinced the state must raise new revenue to meet its earthquake needs. 'It's possible, though not probable,' that the state could get by with its existing resources and federal help, said Quentin Kopp, chairman of the state senate's transportation committee.
27 Separately, two men injured in last week's earthquake-triggered freeway collapse in Oakland began a legal battle against the state over whether officials adequately heeded warnings about the structure's safety.
28 The claims, which were filed with the State Board of Control but will probably end up in court, are the first arising out of the collapse of the so-called Cypress structure viaduct.
29 The men can defeat immunities that states often assert in court by showing that officials knew or should have known that design of the structure was defective and that they failed to make reasonable changes.
30 A Board of Control spokesman said the board had not seen the claim and declined to comment.
| 3 | The state had sought as much as $ 4 . 1 billion in relief , but yesterday the House approved a more general scaled - back measure calling for $ 2 . 85 billion in aid , the bulk of which would go to California , with an unspecified amount going to regions affected by Hurricane Hugo . | unspecified | Why was the amount unspecified? | 48 | 49 |
181 | 166 | 1 California legislators, searching for ways to pay for the $4 billion to $6 billion in damages from last week's earthquake, are laying the groundwork for a temporary increase in the state's sales tax.
2 The talk of a sales tax rise follows a rebuff from Congress on the question of how much the federal government is willing to spend to aid in California's earthquake relief efforts.
3 The state had sought as much as $4.1 billion in relief, but yesterday the House approved a more general scaled-back measure calling for $2.85 billion in aid, the bulk of which would go to California, with an unspecified amount going to regions affected by Hurricane Hugo.
4 That leaves the state roughly $2 billion to $4 billion short.
5 A sales tax increase appears to be the fastest and easiest to raise funds in a hurry.
6 According to the state department of finance, a one-penny increase in the state's six-cent per dollar sales tax could raise $3 billion.
7 Willie Brown, speaker of California's Assembly, said that Gov. George Deukmejian has agreed to schedule a special session of the legislature within two weeks.
8 California's so-called Gann limit effectively prevents the state from spending new tax money and so drastically limits its options in an emergency.
9 Both Mr. Brown, the state's most influential legislator, and Gov. Deukmejian favor a temporary sales tax increase -- should more money be needed than the state can raise from existing sources and the federal government.
10 According to a spokesman, the governor is also studying the possibility of raising state gasoline taxes.
11 Mr. Brown, meanwhile, believes 'only one tax will be feasible, and it will be a one-penny sales tax increase,' said Chuck Dalldorf, an aide.
12 One immediate source of money is an emergency fund set up by Gov. Deukmejian.
13 The fund has about $1 billion and is set up to handle 'precisely the kind of emergency' the state faces, said Tom Beermann, the Governor's deputy press secretary.
14 But the fund's size is disputed by Mr. Brown's office, which estimates the fund holds from $630 million to $800 million.
15 Moreover, an aide to Mr. Brown said Gov. Deukmejian 'has expressed a desire not to spend all the reserve on this.'
16 To push through a sales tax increase, however, the state will have to suspend the Gann limit, citing an emergency.
17 And then it will be required to lower taxes by a corresponding amount during a three-year period after the temporary tax increase ends, said Cindy Katz, assistant director of the state department of finance.
18 A sales tax increase would require two-thirds approval in both houses of the state's legislature.
19 But observers expect broad support. 'If there's an emergency and there aren't sufficient funds from elsewhere, I think the attitude will be supportive,' said Kirk West, president of the California Chamber of Commerce.
20 But others think property owners ought to pay a higher portion of the state's earthquake relief tab.
21 Since the late 1970s, California property owners have benefited from a tax rollback as a result of a state ballot initiative known as Proposition 13.
22 The state could also increase gasoline taxes; every one penny increase in the tax would yield $11 million a month.
23 But Gov. Deukmejian and others are reluctant to do anything to harm the state's chances of sharply raising gasoline taxes on a permanent basis.
24 To raise more highway funds, a measure to double the state's nine-cent a gallon tax over five years is set to appear on the state's June election ballot.
25 But some fear imposing a temporary gasoline tax increase in the meantime could undercut support among voters for the measure.
26 Not everyone is convinced the state must raise new revenue to meet its earthquake needs. 'It's possible, though not probable,' that the state could get by with its existing resources and federal help, said Quentin Kopp, chairman of the state senate's transportation committee.
27 Separately, two men injured in last week's earthquake-triggered freeway collapse in Oakland began a legal battle against the state over whether officials adequately heeded warnings about the structure's safety.
28 The claims, which were filed with the State Board of Control but will probably end up in court, are the first arising out of the collapse of the so-called Cypress structure viaduct.
29 The men can defeat immunities that states often assert in court by showing that officials knew or should have known that design of the structure was defective and that they failed to make reasonable changes.
30 A Board of Control spokesman said the board had not seen the claim and declined to comment.
| 3 | The state had sought as much as $ 4 . 1 billion in relief , but yesterday the House approved a more general scaled - back measure calling for $ 2 . 85 billion in aid , the bulk of which would go to California , with an unspecified amount going to regions affected by Hurricane Hugo . | unspecified amount | why an unspecified amount going to regions affected by Hurricane Hugo? | 48 | 50 |
182 | 166 | 1 California legislators, searching for ways to pay for the $4 billion to $6 billion in damages from last week's earthquake, are laying the groundwork for a temporary increase in the state's sales tax.
2 The talk of a sales tax rise follows a rebuff from Congress on the question of how much the federal government is willing to spend to aid in California's earthquake relief efforts.
3 The state had sought as much as $4.1 billion in relief, but yesterday the House approved a more general scaled-back measure calling for $2.85 billion in aid, the bulk of which would go to California, with an unspecified amount going to regions affected by Hurricane Hugo.
4 That leaves the state roughly $2 billion to $4 billion short.
5 A sales tax increase appears to be the fastest and easiest to raise funds in a hurry.
6 According to the state department of finance, a one-penny increase in the state's six-cent per dollar sales tax could raise $3 billion.
7 Willie Brown, speaker of California's Assembly, said that Gov. George Deukmejian has agreed to schedule a special session of the legislature within two weeks.
8 California's so-called Gann limit effectively prevents the state from spending new tax money and so drastically limits its options in an emergency.
9 Both Mr. Brown, the state's most influential legislator, and Gov. Deukmejian favor a temporary sales tax increase -- should more money be needed than the state can raise from existing sources and the federal government.
10 According to a spokesman, the governor is also studying the possibility of raising state gasoline taxes.
11 Mr. Brown, meanwhile, believes 'only one tax will be feasible, and it will be a one-penny sales tax increase,' said Chuck Dalldorf, an aide.
12 One immediate source of money is an emergency fund set up by Gov. Deukmejian.
13 The fund has about $1 billion and is set up to handle 'precisely the kind of emergency' the state faces, said Tom Beermann, the Governor's deputy press secretary.
14 But the fund's size is disputed by Mr. Brown's office, which estimates the fund holds from $630 million to $800 million.
15 Moreover, an aide to Mr. Brown said Gov. Deukmejian 'has expressed a desire not to spend all the reserve on this.'
16 To push through a sales tax increase, however, the state will have to suspend the Gann limit, citing an emergency.
17 And then it will be required to lower taxes by a corresponding amount during a three-year period after the temporary tax increase ends, said Cindy Katz, assistant director of the state department of finance.
18 A sales tax increase would require two-thirds approval in both houses of the state's legislature.
19 But observers expect broad support. 'If there's an emergency and there aren't sufficient funds from elsewhere, I think the attitude will be supportive,' said Kirk West, president of the California Chamber of Commerce.
20 But others think property owners ought to pay a higher portion of the state's earthquake relief tab.
21 Since the late 1970s, California property owners have benefited from a tax rollback as a result of a state ballot initiative known as Proposition 13.
22 The state could also increase gasoline taxes; every one penny increase in the tax would yield $11 million a month.
23 But Gov. Deukmejian and others are reluctant to do anything to harm the state's chances of sharply raising gasoline taxes on a permanent basis.
24 To raise more highway funds, a measure to double the state's nine-cent a gallon tax over five years is set to appear on the state's June election ballot.
25 But some fear imposing a temporary gasoline tax increase in the meantime could undercut support among voters for the measure.
26 Not everyone is convinced the state must raise new revenue to meet its earthquake needs. 'It's possible, though not probable,' that the state could get by with its existing resources and federal help, said Quentin Kopp, chairman of the state senate's transportation committee.
27 Separately, two men injured in last week's earthquake-triggered freeway collapse in Oakland began a legal battle against the state over whether officials adequately heeded warnings about the structure's safety.
28 The claims, which were filed with the State Board of Control but will probably end up in court, are the first arising out of the collapse of the so-called Cypress structure viaduct.
29 The men can defeat immunities that states often assert in court by showing that officials knew or should have known that design of the structure was defective and that they failed to make reasonable changes.
30 A Board of Control spokesman said the board had not seen the claim and declined to comment.
| 3 | The state had sought as much as $ 4 . 1 billion in relief , but yesterday the House approved a more general scaled - back measure calling for $ 2 . 85 billion in aid , the bulk of which would go to California , with an unspecified amount going to regions affected by Hurricane Hugo . | regions affected by Hurricane Hugo | What regions were affected by Hurricane Hugo? | 52 | 57 |
183 | 166 | 1 California legislators, searching for ways to pay for the $4 billion to $6 billion in damages from last week's earthquake, are laying the groundwork for a temporary increase in the state's sales tax.
2 The talk of a sales tax rise follows a rebuff from Congress on the question of how much the federal government is willing to spend to aid in California's earthquake relief efforts.
3 The state had sought as much as $4.1 billion in relief, but yesterday the House approved a more general scaled-back measure calling for $2.85 billion in aid, the bulk of which would go to California, with an unspecified amount going to regions affected by Hurricane Hugo.
4 That leaves the state roughly $2 billion to $4 billion short.
5 A sales tax increase appears to be the fastest and easiest to raise funds in a hurry.
6 According to the state department of finance, a one-penny increase in the state's six-cent per dollar sales tax could raise $3 billion.
7 Willie Brown, speaker of California's Assembly, said that Gov. George Deukmejian has agreed to schedule a special session of the legislature within two weeks.
8 California's so-called Gann limit effectively prevents the state from spending new tax money and so drastically limits its options in an emergency.
9 Both Mr. Brown, the state's most influential legislator, and Gov. Deukmejian favor a temporary sales tax increase -- should more money be needed than the state can raise from existing sources and the federal government.
10 According to a spokesman, the governor is also studying the possibility of raising state gasoline taxes.
11 Mr. Brown, meanwhile, believes 'only one tax will be feasible, and it will be a one-penny sales tax increase,' said Chuck Dalldorf, an aide.
12 One immediate source of money is an emergency fund set up by Gov. Deukmejian.
13 The fund has about $1 billion and is set up to handle 'precisely the kind of emergency' the state faces, said Tom Beermann, the Governor's deputy press secretary.
14 But the fund's size is disputed by Mr. Brown's office, which estimates the fund holds from $630 million to $800 million.
15 Moreover, an aide to Mr. Brown said Gov. Deukmejian 'has expressed a desire not to spend all the reserve on this.'
16 To push through a sales tax increase, however, the state will have to suspend the Gann limit, citing an emergency.
17 And then it will be required to lower taxes by a corresponding amount during a three-year period after the temporary tax increase ends, said Cindy Katz, assistant director of the state department of finance.
18 A sales tax increase would require two-thirds approval in both houses of the state's legislature.
19 But observers expect broad support. 'If there's an emergency and there aren't sufficient funds from elsewhere, I think the attitude will be supportive,' said Kirk West, president of the California Chamber of Commerce.
20 But others think property owners ought to pay a higher portion of the state's earthquake relief tab.
21 Since the late 1970s, California property owners have benefited from a tax rollback as a result of a state ballot initiative known as Proposition 13.
22 The state could also increase gasoline taxes; every one penny increase in the tax would yield $11 million a month.
23 But Gov. Deukmejian and others are reluctant to do anything to harm the state's chances of sharply raising gasoline taxes on a permanent basis.
24 To raise more highway funds, a measure to double the state's nine-cent a gallon tax over five years is set to appear on the state's June election ballot.
25 But some fear imposing a temporary gasoline tax increase in the meantime could undercut support among voters for the measure.
26 Not everyone is convinced the state must raise new revenue to meet its earthquake needs. 'It's possible, though not probable,' that the state could get by with its existing resources and federal help, said Quentin Kopp, chairman of the state senate's transportation committee.
27 Separately, two men injured in last week's earthquake-triggered freeway collapse in Oakland began a legal battle against the state over whether officials adequately heeded warnings about the structure's safety.
28 The claims, which were filed with the State Board of Control but will probably end up in court, are the first arising out of the collapse of the so-called Cypress structure viaduct.
29 The men can defeat immunities that states often assert in court by showing that officials knew or should have known that design of the structure was defective and that they failed to make reasonable changes.
30 A Board of Control spokesman said the board had not seen the claim and declined to comment.
| 4 | That leaves the state roughly $ 2 billion to $ 4 billion short . | roughly $ 2 billion to $ 4 billion short | Why would the state be left billions of dollars short? | 4 | 13 |
184 | 166 | 1 California legislators, searching for ways to pay for the $4 billion to $6 billion in damages from last week's earthquake, are laying the groundwork for a temporary increase in the state's sales tax.
2 The talk of a sales tax rise follows a rebuff from Congress on the question of how much the federal government is willing to spend to aid in California's earthquake relief efforts.
3 The state had sought as much as $4.1 billion in relief, but yesterday the House approved a more general scaled-back measure calling for $2.85 billion in aid, the bulk of which would go to California, with an unspecified amount going to regions affected by Hurricane Hugo.
4 That leaves the state roughly $2 billion to $4 billion short.
5 A sales tax increase appears to be the fastest and easiest to raise funds in a hurry.
6 According to the state department of finance, a one-penny increase in the state's six-cent per dollar sales tax could raise $3 billion.
7 Willie Brown, speaker of California's Assembly, said that Gov. George Deukmejian has agreed to schedule a special session of the legislature within two weeks.
8 California's so-called Gann limit effectively prevents the state from spending new tax money and so drastically limits its options in an emergency.
9 Both Mr. Brown, the state's most influential legislator, and Gov. Deukmejian favor a temporary sales tax increase -- should more money be needed than the state can raise from existing sources and the federal government.
10 According to a spokesman, the governor is also studying the possibility of raising state gasoline taxes.
11 Mr. Brown, meanwhile, believes 'only one tax will be feasible, and it will be a one-penny sales tax increase,' said Chuck Dalldorf, an aide.
12 One immediate source of money is an emergency fund set up by Gov. Deukmejian.
13 The fund has about $1 billion and is set up to handle 'precisely the kind of emergency' the state faces, said Tom Beermann, the Governor's deputy press secretary.
14 But the fund's size is disputed by Mr. Brown's office, which estimates the fund holds from $630 million to $800 million.
15 Moreover, an aide to Mr. Brown said Gov. Deukmejian 'has expressed a desire not to spend all the reserve on this.'
16 To push through a sales tax increase, however, the state will have to suspend the Gann limit, citing an emergency.
17 And then it will be required to lower taxes by a corresponding amount during a three-year period after the temporary tax increase ends, said Cindy Katz, assistant director of the state department of finance.
18 A sales tax increase would require two-thirds approval in both houses of the state's legislature.
19 But observers expect broad support. 'If there's an emergency and there aren't sufficient funds from elsewhere, I think the attitude will be supportive,' said Kirk West, president of the California Chamber of Commerce.
20 But others think property owners ought to pay a higher portion of the state's earthquake relief tab.
21 Since the late 1970s, California property owners have benefited from a tax rollback as a result of a state ballot initiative known as Proposition 13.
22 The state could also increase gasoline taxes; every one penny increase in the tax would yield $11 million a month.
23 But Gov. Deukmejian and others are reluctant to do anything to harm the state's chances of sharply raising gasoline taxes on a permanent basis.
24 To raise more highway funds, a measure to double the state's nine-cent a gallon tax over five years is set to appear on the state's June election ballot.
25 But some fear imposing a temporary gasoline tax increase in the meantime could undercut support among voters for the measure.
26 Not everyone is convinced the state must raise new revenue to meet its earthquake needs. 'It's possible, though not probable,' that the state could get by with its existing resources and federal help, said Quentin Kopp, chairman of the state senate's transportation committee.
27 Separately, two men injured in last week's earthquake-triggered freeway collapse in Oakland began a legal battle against the state over whether officials adequately heeded warnings about the structure's safety.
28 The claims, which were filed with the State Board of Control but will probably end up in court, are the first arising out of the collapse of the so-called Cypress structure viaduct.
29 The men can defeat immunities that states often assert in court by showing that officials knew or should have known that design of the structure was defective and that they failed to make reasonable changes.
30 A Board of Control spokesman said the board had not seen the claim and declined to comment.
| 4 | That leaves the state roughly $ 2 billion to $ 4 billion short . | $ 2 billion to $ 4 billion short . | why is the state short of $2 billion to $4 billion ? | 5 | 14 |
185 | 166 | 1 California legislators, searching for ways to pay for the $4 billion to $6 billion in damages from last week's earthquake, are laying the groundwork for a temporary increase in the state's sales tax.
2 The talk of a sales tax rise follows a rebuff from Congress on the question of how much the federal government is willing to spend to aid in California's earthquake relief efforts.
3 The state had sought as much as $4.1 billion in relief, but yesterday the House approved a more general scaled-back measure calling for $2.85 billion in aid, the bulk of which would go to California, with an unspecified amount going to regions affected by Hurricane Hugo.
4 That leaves the state roughly $2 billion to $4 billion short.
5 A sales tax increase appears to be the fastest and easiest to raise funds in a hurry.
6 According to the state department of finance, a one-penny increase in the state's six-cent per dollar sales tax could raise $3 billion.
7 Willie Brown, speaker of California's Assembly, said that Gov. George Deukmejian has agreed to schedule a special session of the legislature within two weeks.
8 California's so-called Gann limit effectively prevents the state from spending new tax money and so drastically limits its options in an emergency.
9 Both Mr. Brown, the state's most influential legislator, and Gov. Deukmejian favor a temporary sales tax increase -- should more money be needed than the state can raise from existing sources and the federal government.
10 According to a spokesman, the governor is also studying the possibility of raising state gasoline taxes.
11 Mr. Brown, meanwhile, believes 'only one tax will be feasible, and it will be a one-penny sales tax increase,' said Chuck Dalldorf, an aide.
12 One immediate source of money is an emergency fund set up by Gov. Deukmejian.
13 The fund has about $1 billion and is set up to handle 'precisely the kind of emergency' the state faces, said Tom Beermann, the Governor's deputy press secretary.
14 But the fund's size is disputed by Mr. Brown's office, which estimates the fund holds from $630 million to $800 million.
15 Moreover, an aide to Mr. Brown said Gov. Deukmejian 'has expressed a desire not to spend all the reserve on this.'
16 To push through a sales tax increase, however, the state will have to suspend the Gann limit, citing an emergency.
17 And then it will be required to lower taxes by a corresponding amount during a three-year period after the temporary tax increase ends, said Cindy Katz, assistant director of the state department of finance.
18 A sales tax increase would require two-thirds approval in both houses of the state's legislature.
19 But observers expect broad support. 'If there's an emergency and there aren't sufficient funds from elsewhere, I think the attitude will be supportive,' said Kirk West, president of the California Chamber of Commerce.
20 But others think property owners ought to pay a higher portion of the state's earthquake relief tab.
21 Since the late 1970s, California property owners have benefited from a tax rollback as a result of a state ballot initiative known as Proposition 13.
22 The state could also increase gasoline taxes; every one penny increase in the tax would yield $11 million a month.
23 But Gov. Deukmejian and others are reluctant to do anything to harm the state's chances of sharply raising gasoline taxes on a permanent basis.
24 To raise more highway funds, a measure to double the state's nine-cent a gallon tax over five years is set to appear on the state's June election ballot.
25 But some fear imposing a temporary gasoline tax increase in the meantime could undercut support among voters for the measure.
26 Not everyone is convinced the state must raise new revenue to meet its earthquake needs. 'It's possible, though not probable,' that the state could get by with its existing resources and federal help, said Quentin Kopp, chairman of the state senate's transportation committee.
27 Separately, two men injured in last week's earthquake-triggered freeway collapse in Oakland began a legal battle against the state over whether officials adequately heeded warnings about the structure's safety.
28 The claims, which were filed with the State Board of Control but will probably end up in court, are the first arising out of the collapse of the so-called Cypress structure viaduct.
29 The men can defeat immunities that states often assert in court by showing that officials knew or should have known that design of the structure was defective and that they failed to make reasonable changes.
30 A Board of Control spokesman said the board had not seen the claim and declined to comment.
| 5 | A sales tax increase appears to be the fastest and easiest to raise funds in a hurry . | raise funds in a hurry | Why do the funds need to be raised in a hurry? | 12 | 17 |
186 | 166 | 1 California legislators, searching for ways to pay for the $4 billion to $6 billion in damages from last week's earthquake, are laying the groundwork for a temporary increase in the state's sales tax.
2 The talk of a sales tax rise follows a rebuff from Congress on the question of how much the federal government is willing to spend to aid in California's earthquake relief efforts.
3 The state had sought as much as $4.1 billion in relief, but yesterday the House approved a more general scaled-back measure calling for $2.85 billion in aid, the bulk of which would go to California, with an unspecified amount going to regions affected by Hurricane Hugo.
4 That leaves the state roughly $2 billion to $4 billion short.
5 A sales tax increase appears to be the fastest and easiest to raise funds in a hurry.
6 According to the state department of finance, a one-penny increase in the state's six-cent per dollar sales tax could raise $3 billion.
7 Willie Brown, speaker of California's Assembly, said that Gov. George Deukmejian has agreed to schedule a special session of the legislature within two weeks.
8 California's so-called Gann limit effectively prevents the state from spending new tax money and so drastically limits its options in an emergency.
9 Both Mr. Brown, the state's most influential legislator, and Gov. Deukmejian favor a temporary sales tax increase -- should more money be needed than the state can raise from existing sources and the federal government.
10 According to a spokesman, the governor is also studying the possibility of raising state gasoline taxes.
11 Mr. Brown, meanwhile, believes 'only one tax will be feasible, and it will be a one-penny sales tax increase,' said Chuck Dalldorf, an aide.
12 One immediate source of money is an emergency fund set up by Gov. Deukmejian.
13 The fund has about $1 billion and is set up to handle 'precisely the kind of emergency' the state faces, said Tom Beermann, the Governor's deputy press secretary.
14 But the fund's size is disputed by Mr. Brown's office, which estimates the fund holds from $630 million to $800 million.
15 Moreover, an aide to Mr. Brown said Gov. Deukmejian 'has expressed a desire not to spend all the reserve on this.'
16 To push through a sales tax increase, however, the state will have to suspend the Gann limit, citing an emergency.
17 And then it will be required to lower taxes by a corresponding amount during a three-year period after the temporary tax increase ends, said Cindy Katz, assistant director of the state department of finance.
18 A sales tax increase would require two-thirds approval in both houses of the state's legislature.
19 But observers expect broad support. 'If there's an emergency and there aren't sufficient funds from elsewhere, I think the attitude will be supportive,' said Kirk West, president of the California Chamber of Commerce.
20 But others think property owners ought to pay a higher portion of the state's earthquake relief tab.
21 Since the late 1970s, California property owners have benefited from a tax rollback as a result of a state ballot initiative known as Proposition 13.
22 The state could also increase gasoline taxes; every one penny increase in the tax would yield $11 million a month.
23 But Gov. Deukmejian and others are reluctant to do anything to harm the state's chances of sharply raising gasoline taxes on a permanent basis.
24 To raise more highway funds, a measure to double the state's nine-cent a gallon tax over five years is set to appear on the state's June election ballot.
25 But some fear imposing a temporary gasoline tax increase in the meantime could undercut support among voters for the measure.
26 Not everyone is convinced the state must raise new revenue to meet its earthquake needs. 'It's possible, though not probable,' that the state could get by with its existing resources and federal help, said Quentin Kopp, chairman of the state senate's transportation committee.
27 Separately, two men injured in last week's earthquake-triggered freeway collapse in Oakland began a legal battle against the state over whether officials adequately heeded warnings about the structure's safety.
28 The claims, which were filed with the State Board of Control but will probably end up in court, are the first arising out of the collapse of the so-called Cypress structure viaduct.
29 The men can defeat immunities that states often assert in court by showing that officials knew or should have known that design of the structure was defective and that they failed to make reasonable changes.
30 A Board of Control spokesman said the board had not seen the claim and declined to comment.
| 5 | A sales tax increase appears to be the fastest and easiest to raise funds in a hurry . | A sales tax increase | why a sales tax increase be the fastest and easiest to raise funds ? | 0 | 4 |
187 | 166 | 1 California legislators, searching for ways to pay for the $4 billion to $6 billion in damages from last week's earthquake, are laying the groundwork for a temporary increase in the state's sales tax.
2 The talk of a sales tax rise follows a rebuff from Congress on the question of how much the federal government is willing to spend to aid in California's earthquake relief efforts.
3 The state had sought as much as $4.1 billion in relief, but yesterday the House approved a more general scaled-back measure calling for $2.85 billion in aid, the bulk of which would go to California, with an unspecified amount going to regions affected by Hurricane Hugo.
4 That leaves the state roughly $2 billion to $4 billion short.
5 A sales tax increase appears to be the fastest and easiest to raise funds in a hurry.
6 According to the state department of finance, a one-penny increase in the state's six-cent per dollar sales tax could raise $3 billion.
7 Willie Brown, speaker of California's Assembly, said that Gov. George Deukmejian has agreed to schedule a special session of the legislature within two weeks.
8 California's so-called Gann limit effectively prevents the state from spending new tax money and so drastically limits its options in an emergency.
9 Both Mr. Brown, the state's most influential legislator, and Gov. Deukmejian favor a temporary sales tax increase -- should more money be needed than the state can raise from existing sources and the federal government.
10 According to a spokesman, the governor is also studying the possibility of raising state gasoline taxes.
11 Mr. Brown, meanwhile, believes 'only one tax will be feasible, and it will be a one-penny sales tax increase,' said Chuck Dalldorf, an aide.
12 One immediate source of money is an emergency fund set up by Gov. Deukmejian.
13 The fund has about $1 billion and is set up to handle 'precisely the kind of emergency' the state faces, said Tom Beermann, the Governor's deputy press secretary.
14 But the fund's size is disputed by Mr. Brown's office, which estimates the fund holds from $630 million to $800 million.
15 Moreover, an aide to Mr. Brown said Gov. Deukmejian 'has expressed a desire not to spend all the reserve on this.'
16 To push through a sales tax increase, however, the state will have to suspend the Gann limit, citing an emergency.
17 And then it will be required to lower taxes by a corresponding amount during a three-year period after the temporary tax increase ends, said Cindy Katz, assistant director of the state department of finance.
18 A sales tax increase would require two-thirds approval in both houses of the state's legislature.
19 But observers expect broad support. 'If there's an emergency and there aren't sufficient funds from elsewhere, I think the attitude will be supportive,' said Kirk West, president of the California Chamber of Commerce.
20 But others think property owners ought to pay a higher portion of the state's earthquake relief tab.
21 Since the late 1970s, California property owners have benefited from a tax rollback as a result of a state ballot initiative known as Proposition 13.
22 The state could also increase gasoline taxes; every one penny increase in the tax would yield $11 million a month.
23 But Gov. Deukmejian and others are reluctant to do anything to harm the state's chances of sharply raising gasoline taxes on a permanent basis.
24 To raise more highway funds, a measure to double the state's nine-cent a gallon tax over five years is set to appear on the state's June election ballot.
25 But some fear imposing a temporary gasoline tax increase in the meantime could undercut support among voters for the measure.
26 Not everyone is convinced the state must raise new revenue to meet its earthquake needs. 'It's possible, though not probable,' that the state could get by with its existing resources and federal help, said Quentin Kopp, chairman of the state senate's transportation committee.
27 Separately, two men injured in last week's earthquake-triggered freeway collapse in Oakland began a legal battle against the state over whether officials adequately heeded warnings about the structure's safety.
28 The claims, which were filed with the State Board of Control but will probably end up in court, are the first arising out of the collapse of the so-called Cypress structure viaduct.
29 The men can defeat immunities that states often assert in court by showing that officials knew or should have known that design of the structure was defective and that they failed to make reasonable changes.
30 A Board of Control spokesman said the board had not seen the claim and declined to comment.
| 5 | A sales tax increase appears to be the fastest and easiest to raise funds in a hurry . | the fastest and easiest to raise funds | Why is a sales tax increase the fastest and easiest way to raise funds? | 7 | 14 |
188 | 167 | 1 The Justice Department scrambled to play down the significance of its new guidelines concerning prosecutions under the federal racketeering law.
2 The guidelines were distributed to U.S. attorneys last summer but were disclosed for the first time by press reports this week.
3 They discourage prosecutors, under certain circumstances, from seeking court orders seizing the assets of racketeering defendants prior to trial.
4 But David Runkel, chief Justice Department spokesman, said the guidelines 'are a codification and a clarification far more than a new direction.'
5 Use of the Racketeer Influenced and Corrupt Organizations law against white-collar defendants, as opposed to alleged organized-crime figures, has come under attack from some defense lawyers and legal scholars.
6 Critics have complained that the law unfairly strips defendants of assets before a jury determines they have committed a crime and that aggressive use of the forfeiture provisions can ruin corporate defendants or force them into unfavorable plea bargains.
7 In the new guidelines, the Justice Department says that in attempting to freeze disputed assets before trial, 'the government will not seek to disrupt the normal, legitimate business activities of the defendant' and 'will not seek. . .to take from third parties assets legitimately transferred to them.'
8 The guidelines also state, 'The government's policy is not to seek the fullest forfeiture permissible under the law where that forfeiture would be disproportionate to the defendant's crime.'
9 Another provision clarifies certain limits on when prosecutors may use tax-fraud charges as a basis for bringing a racketeering case.
10 Mr. Runkel declined to speculate on whether the guidelines would curb racketeering prosecutions against corporate defendants. 'The impact, if there is any, will be impossible to judge ahead of time because the decision whether to use {racketeering charges} is made in individual cases' by Justice Department officials in Washington, he said.
11 In a memorandum describing the guidelines, Assistant Attorney General Edward Dennis Jr. said that government efforts to freeze defendants' assets pending racketeering prosecutions 'have been the subject of considerable criticism in the press.' But Mr. Runkel said the government isn't 'backing off on these kinds of matters at all.'
| 1 | The Justice Department scrambled to play down the significance of its new guidelines concerning prosecutions under the federal racketeering law . | significance | What was the significance? | 8 | 9 |
189 | 167 | 1 The Justice Department scrambled to play down the significance of its new guidelines concerning prosecutions under the federal racketeering law.
2 The guidelines were distributed to U.S. attorneys last summer but were disclosed for the first time by press reports this week.
3 They discourage prosecutors, under certain circumstances, from seeking court orders seizing the assets of racketeering defendants prior to trial.
4 But David Runkel, chief Justice Department spokesman, said the guidelines 'are a codification and a clarification far more than a new direction.'
5 Use of the Racketeer Influenced and Corrupt Organizations law against white-collar defendants, as opposed to alleged organized-crime figures, has come under attack from some defense lawyers and legal scholars.
6 Critics have complained that the law unfairly strips defendants of assets before a jury determines they have committed a crime and that aggressive use of the forfeiture provisions can ruin corporate defendants or force them into unfavorable plea bargains.
7 In the new guidelines, the Justice Department says that in attempting to freeze disputed assets before trial, 'the government will not seek to disrupt the normal, legitimate business activities of the defendant' and 'will not seek. . .to take from third parties assets legitimately transferred to them.'
8 The guidelines also state, 'The government's policy is not to seek the fullest forfeiture permissible under the law where that forfeiture would be disproportionate to the defendant's crime.'
9 Another provision clarifies certain limits on when prosecutors may use tax-fraud charges as a basis for bringing a racketeering case.
10 Mr. Runkel declined to speculate on whether the guidelines would curb racketeering prosecutions against corporate defendants. 'The impact, if there is any, will be impossible to judge ahead of time because the decision whether to use {racketeering charges} is made in individual cases' by Justice Department officials in Washington, he said.
11 In a memorandum describing the guidelines, Assistant Attorney General Edward Dennis Jr. said that government efforts to freeze defendants' assets pending racketeering prosecutions 'have been the subject of considerable criticism in the press.' But Mr. Runkel said the government isn't 'backing off on these kinds of matters at all.'
| 1 | The Justice Department scrambled to play down the significance of its new guidelines concerning prosecutions under the federal racketeering law . | new guidelines | What are some of the new guidelines? | 11 | 13 |
190 | 167 | 1 The Justice Department scrambled to play down the significance of its new guidelines concerning prosecutions under the federal racketeering law.
2 The guidelines were distributed to U.S. attorneys last summer but were disclosed for the first time by press reports this week.
3 They discourage prosecutors, under certain circumstances, from seeking court orders seizing the assets of racketeering defendants prior to trial.
4 But David Runkel, chief Justice Department spokesman, said the guidelines 'are a codification and a clarification far more than a new direction.'
5 Use of the Racketeer Influenced and Corrupt Organizations law against white-collar defendants, as opposed to alleged organized-crime figures, has come under attack from some defense lawyers and legal scholars.
6 Critics have complained that the law unfairly strips defendants of assets before a jury determines they have committed a crime and that aggressive use of the forfeiture provisions can ruin corporate defendants or force them into unfavorable plea bargains.
7 In the new guidelines, the Justice Department says that in attempting to freeze disputed assets before trial, 'the government will not seek to disrupt the normal, legitimate business activities of the defendant' and 'will not seek. . .to take from third parties assets legitimately transferred to them.'
8 The guidelines also state, 'The government's policy is not to seek the fullest forfeiture permissible under the law where that forfeiture would be disproportionate to the defendant's crime.'
9 Another provision clarifies certain limits on when prosecutors may use tax-fraud charges as a basis for bringing a racketeering case.
10 Mr. Runkel declined to speculate on whether the guidelines would curb racketeering prosecutions against corporate defendants. 'The impact, if there is any, will be impossible to judge ahead of time because the decision whether to use {racketeering charges} is made in individual cases' by Justice Department officials in Washington, he said.
11 In a memorandum describing the guidelines, Assistant Attorney General Edward Dennis Jr. said that government efforts to freeze defendants' assets pending racketeering prosecutions 'have been the subject of considerable criticism in the press.' But Mr. Runkel said the government isn't 'backing off on these kinds of matters at all.'
| 2 | The guidelines were distributed to U . S . attorneys last summer but were disclosed for the first time by press reports this week . | guidelines | What are the guidelines? | 1 | 2 |
191 | 167 | 1 The Justice Department scrambled to play down the significance of its new guidelines concerning prosecutions under the federal racketeering law.
2 The guidelines were distributed to U.S. attorneys last summer but were disclosed for the first time by press reports this week.
3 They discourage prosecutors, under certain circumstances, from seeking court orders seizing the assets of racketeering defendants prior to trial.
4 But David Runkel, chief Justice Department spokesman, said the guidelines 'are a codification and a clarification far more than a new direction.'
5 Use of the Racketeer Influenced and Corrupt Organizations law against white-collar defendants, as opposed to alleged organized-crime figures, has come under attack from some defense lawyers and legal scholars.
6 Critics have complained that the law unfairly strips defendants of assets before a jury determines they have committed a crime and that aggressive use of the forfeiture provisions can ruin corporate defendants or force them into unfavorable plea bargains.
7 In the new guidelines, the Justice Department says that in attempting to freeze disputed assets before trial, 'the government will not seek to disrupt the normal, legitimate business activities of the defendant' and 'will not seek. . .to take from third parties assets legitimately transferred to them.'
8 The guidelines also state, 'The government's policy is not to seek the fullest forfeiture permissible under the law where that forfeiture would be disproportionate to the defendant's crime.'
9 Another provision clarifies certain limits on when prosecutors may use tax-fraud charges as a basis for bringing a racketeering case.
10 Mr. Runkel declined to speculate on whether the guidelines would curb racketeering prosecutions against corporate defendants. 'The impact, if there is any, will be impossible to judge ahead of time because the decision whether to use {racketeering charges} is made in individual cases' by Justice Department officials in Washington, he said.
11 In a memorandum describing the guidelines, Assistant Attorney General Edward Dennis Jr. said that government efforts to freeze defendants' assets pending racketeering prosecutions 'have been the subject of considerable criticism in the press.' But Mr. Runkel said the government isn't 'backing off on these kinds of matters at all.'
| 2 | The guidelines were distributed to U . S . attorneys last summer but were disclosed for the first time by press reports this week . | this week | which week was it? | 22 | 24 |
192 | 167 | 1 The Justice Department scrambled to play down the significance of its new guidelines concerning prosecutions under the federal racketeering law.
2 The guidelines were distributed to U.S. attorneys last summer but were disclosed for the first time by press reports this week.
3 They discourage prosecutors, under certain circumstances, from seeking court orders seizing the assets of racketeering defendants prior to trial.
4 But David Runkel, chief Justice Department spokesman, said the guidelines 'are a codification and a clarification far more than a new direction.'
5 Use of the Racketeer Influenced and Corrupt Organizations law against white-collar defendants, as opposed to alleged organized-crime figures, has come under attack from some defense lawyers and legal scholars.
6 Critics have complained that the law unfairly strips defendants of assets before a jury determines they have committed a crime and that aggressive use of the forfeiture provisions can ruin corporate defendants or force them into unfavorable plea bargains.
7 In the new guidelines, the Justice Department says that in attempting to freeze disputed assets before trial, 'the government will not seek to disrupt the normal, legitimate business activities of the defendant' and 'will not seek. . .to take from third parties assets legitimately transferred to them.'
8 The guidelines also state, 'The government's policy is not to seek the fullest forfeiture permissible under the law where that forfeiture would be disproportionate to the defendant's crime.'
9 Another provision clarifies certain limits on when prosecutors may use tax-fraud charges as a basis for bringing a racketeering case.
10 Mr. Runkel declined to speculate on whether the guidelines would curb racketeering prosecutions against corporate defendants. 'The impact, if there is any, will be impossible to judge ahead of time because the decision whether to use {racketeering charges} is made in individual cases' by Justice Department officials in Washington, he said.
11 In a memorandum describing the guidelines, Assistant Attorney General Edward Dennis Jr. said that government efforts to freeze defendants' assets pending racketeering prosecutions 'have been the subject of considerable criticism in the press.' But Mr. Runkel said the government isn't 'backing off on these kinds of matters at all.'
| 3 | They discourage prosecutors , under certain circumstances , from seeking court orders seizing the assets of racketeering defendants prior to trial . | under certain circumstances | What are the cirsumstances? | 4 | 7 |
193 | 167 | 1 The Justice Department scrambled to play down the significance of its new guidelines concerning prosecutions under the federal racketeering law.
2 The guidelines were distributed to U.S. attorneys last summer but were disclosed for the first time by press reports this week.
3 They discourage prosecutors, under certain circumstances, from seeking court orders seizing the assets of racketeering defendants prior to trial.
4 But David Runkel, chief Justice Department spokesman, said the guidelines 'are a codification and a clarification far more than a new direction.'
5 Use of the Racketeer Influenced and Corrupt Organizations law against white-collar defendants, as opposed to alleged organized-crime figures, has come under attack from some defense lawyers and legal scholars.
6 Critics have complained that the law unfairly strips defendants of assets before a jury determines they have committed a crime and that aggressive use of the forfeiture provisions can ruin corporate defendants or force them into unfavorable plea bargains.
7 In the new guidelines, the Justice Department says that in attempting to freeze disputed assets before trial, 'the government will not seek to disrupt the normal, legitimate business activities of the defendant' and 'will not seek. . .to take from third parties assets legitimately transferred to them.'
8 The guidelines also state, 'The government's policy is not to seek the fullest forfeiture permissible under the law where that forfeiture would be disproportionate to the defendant's crime.'
9 Another provision clarifies certain limits on when prosecutors may use tax-fraud charges as a basis for bringing a racketeering case.
10 Mr. Runkel declined to speculate on whether the guidelines would curb racketeering prosecutions against corporate defendants. 'The impact, if there is any, will be impossible to judge ahead of time because the decision whether to use {racketeering charges} is made in individual cases' by Justice Department officials in Washington, he said.
11 In a memorandum describing the guidelines, Assistant Attorney General Edward Dennis Jr. said that government efforts to freeze defendants' assets pending racketeering prosecutions 'have been the subject of considerable criticism in the press.' But Mr. Runkel said the government isn't 'backing off on these kinds of matters at all.'
| 3 | They discourage prosecutors , under certain circumstances , from seeking court orders seizing the assets of racketeering defendants prior to trial . | racketeering defendants | how do they do that? | 16 | 18 |
194 | 167 | 1 The Justice Department scrambled to play down the significance of its new guidelines concerning prosecutions under the federal racketeering law.
2 The guidelines were distributed to U.S. attorneys last summer but were disclosed for the first time by press reports this week.
3 They discourage prosecutors, under certain circumstances, from seeking court orders seizing the assets of racketeering defendants prior to trial.
4 But David Runkel, chief Justice Department spokesman, said the guidelines 'are a codification and a clarification far more than a new direction.'
5 Use of the Racketeer Influenced and Corrupt Organizations law against white-collar defendants, as opposed to alleged organized-crime figures, has come under attack from some defense lawyers and legal scholars.
6 Critics have complained that the law unfairly strips defendants of assets before a jury determines they have committed a crime and that aggressive use of the forfeiture provisions can ruin corporate defendants or force them into unfavorable plea bargains.
7 In the new guidelines, the Justice Department says that in attempting to freeze disputed assets before trial, 'the government will not seek to disrupt the normal, legitimate business activities of the defendant' and 'will not seek. . .to take from third parties assets legitimately transferred to them.'
8 The guidelines also state, 'The government's policy is not to seek the fullest forfeiture permissible under the law where that forfeiture would be disproportionate to the defendant's crime.'
9 Another provision clarifies certain limits on when prosecutors may use tax-fraud charges as a basis for bringing a racketeering case.
10 Mr. Runkel declined to speculate on whether the guidelines would curb racketeering prosecutions against corporate defendants. 'The impact, if there is any, will be impossible to judge ahead of time because the decision whether to use {racketeering charges} is made in individual cases' by Justice Department officials in Washington, he said.
11 In a memorandum describing the guidelines, Assistant Attorney General Edward Dennis Jr. said that government efforts to freeze defendants' assets pending racketeering prosecutions 'have been the subject of considerable criticism in the press.' But Mr. Runkel said the government isn't 'backing off on these kinds of matters at all.'
| 3 | They discourage prosecutors , under certain circumstances , from seeking court orders seizing the assets of racketeering defendants prior to trial . | under certain circumstances , | What are some of the circumstances? | 4 | 8 |
195 | 167 | 1 The Justice Department scrambled to play down the significance of its new guidelines concerning prosecutions under the federal racketeering law.
2 The guidelines were distributed to U.S. attorneys last summer but were disclosed for the first time by press reports this week.
3 They discourage prosecutors, under certain circumstances, from seeking court orders seizing the assets of racketeering defendants prior to trial.
4 But David Runkel, chief Justice Department spokesman, said the guidelines 'are a codification and a clarification far more than a new direction.'
5 Use of the Racketeer Influenced and Corrupt Organizations law against white-collar defendants, as opposed to alleged organized-crime figures, has come under attack from some defense lawyers and legal scholars.
6 Critics have complained that the law unfairly strips defendants of assets before a jury determines they have committed a crime and that aggressive use of the forfeiture provisions can ruin corporate defendants or force them into unfavorable plea bargains.
7 In the new guidelines, the Justice Department says that in attempting to freeze disputed assets before trial, 'the government will not seek to disrupt the normal, legitimate business activities of the defendant' and 'will not seek. . .to take from third parties assets legitimately transferred to them.'
8 The guidelines also state, 'The government's policy is not to seek the fullest forfeiture permissible under the law where that forfeiture would be disproportionate to the defendant's crime.'
9 Another provision clarifies certain limits on when prosecutors may use tax-fraud charges as a basis for bringing a racketeering case.
10 Mr. Runkel declined to speculate on whether the guidelines would curb racketeering prosecutions against corporate defendants. 'The impact, if there is any, will be impossible to judge ahead of time because the decision whether to use {racketeering charges} is made in individual cases' by Justice Department officials in Washington, he said.
11 In a memorandum describing the guidelines, Assistant Attorney General Edward Dennis Jr. said that government efforts to freeze defendants' assets pending racketeering prosecutions 'have been the subject of considerable criticism in the press.' But Mr. Runkel said the government isn't 'backing off on these kinds of matters at all.'
| 4 | But David Runkel , chief Justice Department spokesman , said the guidelines " are a codification and a clarification far more than a new direction . " | codification and a clarification | What does Runkel mean by this? | 15 | 19 |
196 | 167 | 1 The Justice Department scrambled to play down the significance of its new guidelines concerning prosecutions under the federal racketeering law.
2 The guidelines were distributed to U.S. attorneys last summer but were disclosed for the first time by press reports this week.
3 They discourage prosecutors, under certain circumstances, from seeking court orders seizing the assets of racketeering defendants prior to trial.
4 But David Runkel, chief Justice Department spokesman, said the guidelines 'are a codification and a clarification far more than a new direction.'
5 Use of the Racketeer Influenced and Corrupt Organizations law against white-collar defendants, as opposed to alleged organized-crime figures, has come under attack from some defense lawyers and legal scholars.
6 Critics have complained that the law unfairly strips defendants of assets before a jury determines they have committed a crime and that aggressive use of the forfeiture provisions can ruin corporate defendants or force them into unfavorable plea bargains.
7 In the new guidelines, the Justice Department says that in attempting to freeze disputed assets before trial, 'the government will not seek to disrupt the normal, legitimate business activities of the defendant' and 'will not seek. . .to take from third parties assets legitimately transferred to them.'
8 The guidelines also state, 'The government's policy is not to seek the fullest forfeiture permissible under the law where that forfeiture would be disproportionate to the defendant's crime.'
9 Another provision clarifies certain limits on when prosecutors may use tax-fraud charges as a basis for bringing a racketeering case.
10 Mr. Runkel declined to speculate on whether the guidelines would curb racketeering prosecutions against corporate defendants. 'The impact, if there is any, will be impossible to judge ahead of time because the decision whether to use {racketeering charges} is made in individual cases' by Justice Department officials in Washington, he said.
11 In a memorandum describing the guidelines, Assistant Attorney General Edward Dennis Jr. said that government efforts to freeze defendants' assets pending racketeering prosecutions 'have been the subject of considerable criticism in the press.' But Mr. Runkel said the government isn't 'backing off on these kinds of matters at all.'
| 4 | But David Runkel , chief Justice Department spokesman , said the guidelines " are a codification and a clarification far more than a new direction . " | " are | what is a codification? | 12 | 14 |
197 | 167 | 1 The Justice Department scrambled to play down the significance of its new guidelines concerning prosecutions under the federal racketeering law.
2 The guidelines were distributed to U.S. attorneys last summer but were disclosed for the first time by press reports this week.
3 They discourage prosecutors, under certain circumstances, from seeking court orders seizing the assets of racketeering defendants prior to trial.
4 But David Runkel, chief Justice Department spokesman, said the guidelines 'are a codification and a clarification far more than a new direction.'
5 Use of the Racketeer Influenced and Corrupt Organizations law against white-collar defendants, as opposed to alleged organized-crime figures, has come under attack from some defense lawyers and legal scholars.
6 Critics have complained that the law unfairly strips defendants of assets before a jury determines they have committed a crime and that aggressive use of the forfeiture provisions can ruin corporate defendants or force them into unfavorable plea bargains.
7 In the new guidelines, the Justice Department says that in attempting to freeze disputed assets before trial, 'the government will not seek to disrupt the normal, legitimate business activities of the defendant' and 'will not seek. . .to take from third parties assets legitimately transferred to them.'
8 The guidelines also state, 'The government's policy is not to seek the fullest forfeiture permissible under the law where that forfeiture would be disproportionate to the defendant's crime.'
9 Another provision clarifies certain limits on when prosecutors may use tax-fraud charges as a basis for bringing a racketeering case.
10 Mr. Runkel declined to speculate on whether the guidelines would curb racketeering prosecutions against corporate defendants. 'The impact, if there is any, will be impossible to judge ahead of time because the decision whether to use {racketeering charges} is made in individual cases' by Justice Department officials in Washington, he said.
11 In a memorandum describing the guidelines, Assistant Attorney General Edward Dennis Jr. said that government efforts to freeze defendants' assets pending racketeering prosecutions 'have been the subject of considerable criticism in the press.' But Mr. Runkel said the government isn't 'backing off on these kinds of matters at all.'
| 5 | Use of the Racketeer Influenced and Corrupt Organizations law against white - collar defendants , as opposed to alleged organized - crime figures , has come under attack from some defense lawyers and legal scholars . | some defense lawyers | Who are the defense lawyers? | 29 | 32 |
198 | 167 | 1 The Justice Department scrambled to play down the significance of its new guidelines concerning prosecutions under the federal racketeering law.
2 The guidelines were distributed to U.S. attorneys last summer but were disclosed for the first time by press reports this week.
3 They discourage prosecutors, under certain circumstances, from seeking court orders seizing the assets of racketeering defendants prior to trial.
4 But David Runkel, chief Justice Department spokesman, said the guidelines 'are a codification and a clarification far more than a new direction.'
5 Use of the Racketeer Influenced and Corrupt Organizations law against white-collar defendants, as opposed to alleged organized-crime figures, has come under attack from some defense lawyers and legal scholars.
6 Critics have complained that the law unfairly strips defendants of assets before a jury determines they have committed a crime and that aggressive use of the forfeiture provisions can ruin corporate defendants or force them into unfavorable plea bargains.
7 In the new guidelines, the Justice Department says that in attempting to freeze disputed assets before trial, 'the government will not seek to disrupt the normal, legitimate business activities of the defendant' and 'will not seek. . .to take from third parties assets legitimately transferred to them.'
8 The guidelines also state, 'The government's policy is not to seek the fullest forfeiture permissible under the law where that forfeiture would be disproportionate to the defendant's crime.'
9 Another provision clarifies certain limits on when prosecutors may use tax-fraud charges as a basis for bringing a racketeering case.
10 Mr. Runkel declined to speculate on whether the guidelines would curb racketeering prosecutions against corporate defendants. 'The impact, if there is any, will be impossible to judge ahead of time because the decision whether to use {racketeering charges} is made in individual cases' by Justice Department officials in Washington, he said.
11 In a memorandum describing the guidelines, Assistant Attorney General Edward Dennis Jr. said that government efforts to freeze defendants' assets pending racketeering prosecutions 'have been the subject of considerable criticism in the press.' But Mr. Runkel said the government isn't 'backing off on these kinds of matters at all.'
| 5 | Use of the Racketeer Influenced and Corrupt Organizations law against white - collar defendants , as opposed to alleged organized - crime figures , has come under attack from some defense lawyers and legal scholars . | law against white - collar defendants , | How can RICO be used against white collar criminals? | 8 | 15 |
199 | 168 | 1 Johnson & Johnson reported a 10% rise in third-quarter net income on a 12% sales increase-results that were driven particularly by new products including pharmaceuticals and the company's professional operations.
2 Net for the New Brunswick, N.J., maker of health-care products climbed to $265 million, or 80 cents a share, from $240 million, or 71 cents a share, in the year-earlier period.
3 Sales rose to $2.45 billion from $2.2 billion.
4 The year-ago per-share earnings are adjusted to reflect a 2-for-1 stock split last May.
5 In a statement, Ralph S. Larsen, chairman and chief executive officer, said the company was pleased with its third-quarter sales performance, 'especially in light of the extremely competitive environment in domestic consumer markets and the negative impact of unfavorable exchange rates this quarter.'
6 David J. Lothson, an industry analyst for PaineWebber Group Inc., said Johnson & Johnson's results slightly exceeded his expectations for the third quarter.
7 In New York Stock Exchange composite trading yesterday, Johnson & Johnson shares fell 37.5 cents to $54.625.
8 Mr. Larsen noted 'substantial sales growth' for the recently introduced Acuvue disposable contact lens and Hismanal, a once-a-day antihistamine.
9 Eprex, used by dialysis patients who are anemic, and Prepulsid, a gastro-intestinal drug, did well overseas, he said.
10 Despite health-care cost controls and programs to hold down inventory, the professional division, which makes products including sutures and surgical stapling equipment, 'achieved solid growth,' Johnson & Johnson said.
11 But domestic consumer sales slipped 1.2% for the quarter, to $490 million from $496 million.
12 The company cited softness in the retail health and beauty aids category, 'as well as the intense competition in the company's sanitary protection product line.' Overseas sales were stronger, principally because of a rebound in Brazil, where economic turmoil had hurt year-earlier results, Johnson & Johnson said.
13 Mr. Lothson of PaineWebber said the company's sales pace has been picking up largely because the effect of unfavorable exchange rates has been easing -- a pattern continuing this quarter.
14 He cautioned, however, that a 'tough tax-rate comparison' may slow the company's earnings growth for the current quarter.
15 For last year's fourth quarter, the company's tax rate was less than 20%, he said.
16 While the third period contained no major surprises, Mr. Lothson said, the results show how sensitive the multinationals can be to developments in a single country such as Brazil.
17 He also questioned whether recent gains in that country can be sustained.
18 The following issues were recently filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission:
19 Bergen Brunswig Corp., proposed offering of liquid yield option notes, via Merrill Lynch Capital Markets.
20 Columbia Gas System Inc., shelf offering of up to $200 million of debentures.
21 Laserscope, initial offering of 1,656,870 common shares, of which 1,455,000 shares are to be sold by the company and 201,870 by holders, via Alex.
22 Brown & Sons Inc. and Volpe, Covington & Welty.
23 TeleVideo Systems Inc., proposed offering of 1,853,735 common shares, to be sold by holders.
24 Western Gas System Inc., initial offering of 3,250,000 common shares, of which 3,040,000 shares will be sold by the company and 210,000 by a holder, via Prudential-Bache Capital Funding, Smith Barney, Harris Upham & Co. and Hanifen, Imhoff Inc.
| 1 | Johnson & Johnson reported a 10 % rise in third - quarter net income on a 12 % sales increase - results that were driven particularly by new products including pharmaceuticals and the company ' s professional operations . | Johnson & Johnson | What is Johnson & Johnson | 0 | 3 |