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Refresh your laundry room with these fresh and clean DIY projects! Keep soap and detergents organized with rope baskets and decorate mason jars. Pair up lost mates with the help of this missing sock organizer. Get everything you need to make these projects at your local Michaels store. |
Recyclable hexagons for the automotive industry
The importance of lightweight materials is increasing steadily, especially in automotive industry. Experts see lightweight construction materials as a requirement for cost-efficient and competitive e-mobility.
Take it Lightly: The Honeycomb Core
Where lightweight construction is required, sandwich panels are the ideal solution. By using a lightweight honeycomb core material that keeps two thin skin layers apart, higher rigidity and strength can be achieved with less material than with only one monolithic material. The result is significant weight savings of up to 80 percent, plus considerable potential for material cost savings. An advantage that the automotive and transportation industry knows how to benefit from: for example, the walls or floors of modern truck bodies and trailers usually are lightweight sandwich panels consisting of a thermoplastic polymer-based core and skin layers of fiber-reinforced plastics. Manufacturers of cars for end customers are also following in the footsteps of lightweight automotive components. ThermHex Waben GmbH from Halle/Saale in Germany produces and delivers the right product for them.
Honeycomb Cores "Made in Germany"
ThermHex offers automotive manufacturers and parts suppliers recyclable thermoplastic honeycomb cores made of polypropylene as a strong, yet flexible lightweight material.
The ThermHex core production is divided into four main process steps. The first step is the film extrusion of a thin thermoplastic foil, in this case made of polypropylene. Thereafter, the thermoplastic film is formed by a vacuum deep drawing process with special forming rollers to half open honeycomb cell rows. Immediately after thermoforming the cell rows are folded to honeycomb cores. In the last process step, the folded honeycomb cores are laminated by contact welding in a double belt press. At the end of the production line, the panels are cut to the length according to the customer's requirements.
The standard volume weight is 80 kilograms per cubic meter. A lighter core with a density of 60 kilograms per cubic meter is also suitable for applications with lower demands on compressive strength. Whereas for applications that require a higher density also core material with volume weight of 120 kilograms per cubic meter is available. The thickness of the honeycomb cores ranges from 3 to 30 millimeters and the cell sizes from 3 to 9.6 millimeters. The ThermHex honeycombs have a half-opened surface, which, in combination with various surface finishes enables an optimal connection between core and skin layer in the subsequent sandwich element which is essential for the mechanical performance. Small cell sizes also enable an almost perfect surface quality.
This worldwide patented continuous in-line process, in which various skin layers can be directly applied to the honeycomb core, is the best way to produce sandwich panels at competitive cost. This is because other processes require each layer of honeycomb to be individually cut from a block and then laminated. Finally, ThermHex customers process the honeycomb panels into e.g. 3D-shaped functionally integrated components, for example by edge trimming, thermoforming and injection molding.
A Samba with Honeycomb Core
One customer is the automotive supplier DPA Moldados. The automotive parts manufacturer from Itupeva in the Brazilian state of São Paulo has been developing and manufacturing molded parts for over 20 years, which are used as interior trim components, air ducts or thermal and acoustic insulation for various types and brands of cars. DPA Moldados is committed to using innovative and sustainable materials and products. The supplier stands out from the competition mainly because he is able to produce molded parts in a very cost-efficient way and in one piece. DPA Moldados also recognized early that car manufacturers need alternatives for various monolithic components which are lighter and stronger but still meet the price requirements.
The company has found the solution in the form of sandwich construction with the thermoplastic honeycomb core made in Germany. Over the next few years, more and more components will gradually be produced in this way. Since May 2017 the Brazilians have been using the black version of the polypropylene honeycomb core from ThermHex. It replaced the previously used paper core materials of other producers. The thermoplastic recyclable material combination with the ThermHex core is more cost-efficient while having the same or better performance, and the production process needs less energy which also lowers the production costs and environmental impact. The honeycombs are used, for example, as the core structure in the trunk floor of Hyundai Creta ix25. Preheated glass fiber/polypropylene skin layers are applied around the honeycomb core and then all the individual materials are combined and pressed in one step into a ready-to-use sandwich component. According to DPA Moldados, the company is currently one of the few manufacturers in the world that is technically capable of producing this type of sandwich molded part for mass production.
Advantages with Organosandwich
Besides the production of the core material and due to the production process and the possibility to include the lamination of skin layers directly after folding of the honeycomb core the company ThermHex is now also producing a sandwich panel named Organosandwich, dedicated primarily to the automotive industry as well as other highly automated industries. While an offline pressing process allows a lamination of different types of top layers to the core, it is also proven, that monolithic organo-sheets can be laminated inline to the folded honeycomb core in the last step of the ThermHex process. This enables the continuous production of Organosandwich semi-finished products.
ThermHex laminates UD tapes made of glass fiber-PP directly onto the core. The continuous production of the core and the in-line lamination of the skin layers makes the panel material much more economical than sandwich structures with conventional core materials. In comparison to a monolithic FRP laminate, a sandwich structure of the same stiffness requires a lower number of layers, which leads to considerable cost savings when using FRPs containing carbon or glass fibers. In this way additionally to the weight saving, material cost savings are possible.
Due to the thermoplastic matrix, the Organosandwich semi-finished products subsequently offer the possibility of being processed into complex sandwich components by hybrid injection molding. Here, the semi-finished sandwich products can be thermoformed into curved shell structures. Furthermore, it is possible to integrate different joining elements on the component, which are necessary for system integration but also for joining with individual components.
With the ThermHex honeycomb core and the Organosandwich, the weight of automotive components can be significantly reduced compared to solid materials, while maintaining the same or even better strength. The results are that automobile brands can offer electric vehicles with a greater range at lower prices, car users can save battery power and commercial vehicle drivers profit from larger payload capacity. Due to the weight reduction of the conventional vehicle, the fuel consumption is also lower which helps to reduce the CO2-footprint. So, everyone can benefit.
Honeycomb Core as Allrounder
In addition to the production of automotive components, ThermHex honeycomb cores are also used for other applications, among others the largest British commercial vehicle producer uses the ThermHex core for their truck box bodies. Other customers use the core for the interior design of boats, for the production of modern swimming pools, prefabricated bathrooms, for furniture manufacturing or in wind turbine blades and the number of applications is increasing steadily.
The production process is offered worldwide under license by the Belgian mother company EconCore and is used, for example, by Renolit for the trunk floors of the Maserati Ghibli and Jaguar F-Type. In Japan, the technology is marketed by Gifu Plastics and used for interior parts of the Toyota Prius.
Published online on reinforced plastics on May 27, 2020
Mona Boche-Wuerfel2020-12-02T11:06:14+01:00Mai 27th, 2020| |
During March the weather started to improve and I just couldn't wait to start working in the garden again. As always, I walked around and made a list of tasks to be done. All borders in the garden and courtyard, I had to remove the leaves and dead material of plants, so when the sun started to shine (finally ! ), the plants and flowers could get more much-needed warmth.
Our naughty, but overall sweet, Joy became three years old in March. Dogs don't 'do' birthdays and we believe in treating our dog(s) as natural as possible in the 21st century and thus respect the animal she is. No birthday-cake, dressing up, extra snack. Just as every day, she got her natural raw food (fresh meat), a long walk for her necessary exercise (good for body and mind), short walks in case she needs to pee/poop, playtime (my husband is her favorite playmate) and lots of personal attention during the day. Yes, animals need love too, however suitable food and fresh water, structure, shelter and guidance is the best love you can give your furry friend.
The month March ended extra happy for us… We finally sold our house in The Netherlands and we were invited to the yearly feast in the small village we currently live in. During the evening they made a huge fire. It always amazes me, how powerful fire is. The large wood pile was gone very quickly.
At my house my wife is busy doing it.
I love her for so many other reasons too…?
Nice Patty! Happy Spring to you!
Thank you, Katherin 😉 I think at your region Spring also starts about now?
It has! Is been a slow start though in many states.
Over here too, but now it has really arrived:-) Next week even a few days with Summer temperatures, woop woop. Hahaha. |
Want to build your own robots, turn your ideas into prototypes, control devices with a computer, or make your own cell-phone applications? It's a snap with this book and the Arduino open-source electronic prototyping platform. Get started with six fun projects and achieve impressive results quickly.
Gain the know-how and experience to invent your own cool gadgets.
With Arduino, building your own embedded gadgets is easy, even for beginners. Embedded systems are everywhere — inside cars, children's toys, mobile phones. This book will teach you the basics of embedded systems and help you build your first gadget in just a few days. Each learn-as-you-build project that follows will add to your knowledge and skills.
2.4: Structure of "Hello World"
Kimmo Karvinen works as a CTO in hardware manufacturer that specializes in integrated AV and security systems. Before that he worked as a marketing communications project leader and as a creative director and partner in advertisement agency. Kimmo's education includes a Masters of Art.
This product was added to our catalog on Tuesday 05 August, 2014. |
[12:52] - Flight TAY5182 is ready to depart EGSS with a final destination of LIRF.
[15:16] - Landed at -135fpm. With 3398kgs of fuel onboard and a pitch angle of 5deg.
[15:24] - Arrived safely at LIRF. We hope you enjoyed your flight!
[15:27] - Arrived safely at LIRF. We hope you enjoyed your flight! |
Basement Bathroom Reno Part 5: A New Vanity Light Finally Installed, and a Bunch of New Hardware Just Arrived!
Yay!!!! It feels like it's been forever since I've done an update on this project. This is the last progress update on this project before I do the final final FINAL completed project post. I canNOT wait to be able to say that it's finally done! Okay, let's jump in...click to keep reading!
Project Front Porch Makeover Part 2B: How About Them House Numbers?
If you're just joining in on this project, and you want to start at the beginning, you can click here for part 1, and then here for part 2A.
If you're still with me, let's talk about the next part of the porch that I'm looking at: house numbers!
It has been quite a long time since I wrote about our basement bathroom reno, so I think we need to revisit that.
For my next trick, I will be making over my front porch! No, I will not be doing a costly renovation, because who wants to spend a ton of money right now? Not me! Unless one of you wants to fund that project...which, if you do, please email me and you can be my new best friend! But, I will be prettying up this spot because, hello, I have to look at it every day. Let's start planning!
How To Refinish a Tabletop or Other Flat Surface - YOU Can Do It!
So you've found the perfect piece of furniture, and it's gorgeous! Or, at least it would be if you could just refinish it. But you can totally see the hidden potential in it! Well, I'm going to show you how to refinish a flat surface of wood furniture so you that you can uncover the wood grain that is just waiting to show its pretty face.
Check Out the Built-ins on That One! Do You Think They're Fake?!
Who DOESN'T love a great set of built-ins? Some people have homes that are just dripping with amazing character because they have built-in bookcases, china cabinets, desks, or random other cool nooks and crannies. Well, if you aren't one of those lucky folks, and you have major built-in envy as you stare around at your cookie-cutter home, I have the perfect solution for you.
Basement Bathroom Reno Part 3: A Working Sink! And a Beautiful Vanity! All in One!
So, the saga of the bathroom reno continues.....when we last left off, I had refinished the credenza, removed it's drawers and doors, and picked out a sink and a faucet. And our "vanity" was ready for install.
Basement Bathroom Reno Part 2: Yay! A Mid Century Modern Credenza Has Been Acquired!
Well, surprise, after a couple of months of looking, I did! And it was the perfect size for the space!
Basement Bathroom Reno Part 1: We Have Walls! Now We Need a Vanity!
Let me start this off by saying: I have the BEST in-laws! For many reasons, but for the reason related to my basement, read on, and you'll see why.
One thing I get excited about (more than food), is refinishing wood furniture. Ooooooo, beautiful wood graining, where were you hiding all my life?! |
Last year, the United States experienced what has been dubbed "the year of the data breach." Now, we're nearing the end of 2015, and data breaches continue to plague merchants.
You've got questions, and we've got answers! We're sharing our answers to merchants' most commonly asked questions about EMV. |
Another year of success for summer school
Another year of success for Sacred Heart Catholic Primary summer school
By James Mutch
Mum Toni Whittaker with her children, Kayla, India and William, who attended the Sacred Heart Catholic Primary summer school
SACRED Heart Catholic Primary's summer school was a hit with youngsters again this year.
The Leigh summer school improves the lives of young people, giving them a chance to experience fresh challenges and building up their confidence.
Aimed at primary school-aged children, the summer school features a week-long programme which ranges from practical skills-based activities such as learning how to make breakfast and lunch, through to arts and crafts workshops, and focuses on giving children in need of extra support an added boost to their confidence.
Deputy head teacher at Sacred Heart, Jennifer Warner, has organised the summer school over the past five years and has seen the difference it makes to children as they settle into the first term of the new academic year.
She said: "Every year we explore a different theme as a means of engaging children and making the learning experience more fun.
"In previous years, we've focussed on media and broadcasting, the circus and local heritage.
"The theme for this year's summer school was the natural environment, and as in previous years, we took the children out on day trips during the week in order to broaden their horizons.
"They thoroughly enjoyed their outdoor learning experiences at Lilford Park and Brockholes Country Reserve.
"They especially loved the pond-dipping where they were able to discover all about the fascinating creatures that inhabit wetland environments.
"The children had access to cameras so they could create a record of their experiences, played hide and seek and explored the woodlands.
"Back at school, the children took part in crafts workshops and were taught how to ride a bike.
"Throughout the week, the children were encouraged to learn through play, developing their literacy and numeracy skills, as well as learning life skills such as sharing and team-building.
"It's a privilege to see how they grow in self-esteem and bloom during the course of the week."
READ > Leigh Market celebrating 30 years of trading with family-friendly activities
The scheme is once again supported by Leigh Neighbours, the Lottery-funded community project based in Leigh West which champions and sponsors people in their efforts to improve the area.
Chairwoman of Leigh Neighbours Susan Gredecki said: "Sacred Heart Summer School supports children outside of their academic curriculum, giving them a boost as they move up to their new school year.
"The week of learning in a relaxed and fun environment helps them develop some of the 'softer' skills as well as supplementing what they learn in the classroom.
"And of course it was an opportunity to embark on new adventures and make new friends!
"For the board members of Leigh Neighbours, it's a delight to support this kind of initiative in the community which makes such a difference in building young people's aspirations and giving them an opportunity to shine."
Head of Sacred Heart Helen Ahmed added: "We selected around 50 pupils, including 20 children specifically from the Leigh Neighbours project area, who we felt had the potential to derive the greatest benefit from this fabulous opportunity.
"We're delighted that the children flourished over the course of the Summer School, growing in confidence and making great strides in their personal development."
A film about Sacred Heart Summer School is available to watch online and can be found by following the links from Leigh Neighbours website, www.lnpb.org.uk.
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Wednesday is nature day in our home, and not much keeps us from heading outside to explore the trails close to our home. Yesterday, Reece and I headed out to a new-to-us trail about 45 minutes from home. There is always a little excitement in the air when we check out a new trail, we just never know what we will find. Yesterday we found a gem.
The Seaton Hiking Trail was beautiful. Wooded paths, beautiful meadows, a creek flowing beside us at different parts of the trail, and wild herbs and flowers everywhere. The two of us walked, talked, laughed, enjoyed our picnic, stopped often to take in the view, and searched for wild plants along the way.
I am not sure how far we hiked, and really, it doesn't matter. We spent time together, connecting to nature, ourselves and each other, and ended up back at the car a little dirty, tired, and very happy.
I love the shot you took of the snail on the base of that flower. I've only ever seen them climbing walls or trees. Beautiful!
What gorgeous pictures!! Thanks to your planning post a few weeks ago, I sat down and designated a "theme" for each day of the week. I have been saying for months I want to get out in nature more. It doesn't happen as often I want. So I'm hoping that this Fall, now that one day a week is for nature, we will actually do it!! We have so many beautiful places around us that I want to explore!!
Thank you, it really was a lovely day to be out there.
That is wonderful to hear. Can't wait to hear how it all goes.
i love finding new trails to explore... this one looks beautiful.
So do I, especially gems like this one.
Beautiful place to hike. I am looking forward to cooler temperatures so I can hit a few trails. I have Emerson this weekend because my daughter, son in love and a few friends are going hiking in the mountains, it's a little too rugged for the little one so we get to hang out.
It really was Tracey. Fall is my favourite time for hiking, so I am looking forward to the shift too. Enjoy your weekend with Emerson, and hope your daughter, son in love and their friends have a great time hiking.
Those flowers are so cool! DO you know what they are? Looks like you guys had a wonderful day in nature.
Sounds lovely. I find when I take the kids out in the woods they become much calmer, quieter, yet more energetic at the same time.
Love that snail picture as well - very neat!
Ha, yes that happens here too :) Thanks!
I see leaf changes :) And I'm allergic to that golden rod! We have it blooming here and so is ragweed. Love your trails!
Yes, we saw them too. Things are slowly turning. Oh no, hope your allergies aren't too bad this year.
That looks just our kind of trail too. Beautiful. And so lovely when you discover it for the first time.
What beautiful pictures! I especially like the snail one, and I *think* I see wild tiger lily in one of them. Ours only flower in the spring time. Lovely Wednesday tradition!
Thank you. That snail one was a great sighting for sure. You might, our tiger lilies bloom in August here, and there are a few still in bloom now.
Stunning photos. We need to visit one of our arboretums....they always have nice trails.
We went hiking today. It was so lovely. The air was crisp and cool and it felt as if all the plants up on the mountain were preparing for fall. The light was different too. There were mushrooms everywhere from the recent rains. We lingered for so long. Looks like you guys found a really wonderful spot!
That is great to hear KC! We had a great time, and will definitely be visiting this spot again. |
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This image gallery named as Tortuga Outdoor Jakarta Teak 48 Round Dining Table TK R DT might be ideal solution for your decoration. As the author has insert this image into Teak Patio Table post section, would ease you to find the perfect match of you decor desire.
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These will be the kinds of counter-tops which are provided by DKB tortuga outdoor jakarta teak 48 round dining table tk r dt show-room for your table and tub. However, if your small table doesn't supply an area to get an island, then L shaped layout isn't really ideal. It's really because you're the wall of one's table and may face your guests away when you are preparing or cooking cook. You want a couple tricks and hints if you prefer to employ L-shaped design in your table.
In case your table appliances are stainless steel, you may pick a warm white wood to your own white and cabinet marble for those counter tops. Those different textures will create your table lively even if everything is white. Lighting is the best companion for a white table. It will create your table looks vibrant, warm and airy. Natural light is definitely the ideal. But white light emitting diode lamps can also be a excellent improvement for the stunning tortuga outdoor jakarta teak 48 round dining table tk r dt. |
Le septidi 7 prairial, officiellement dénommé jour du fromental, est le de l'année du calendrier républicain.
C'était généralement le du mois de mai dans le calendrier grégorien.
6 prairial - 7 prairial - 8 prairial
Événements
Naissances
Décès
Notes et références
07 |
Being on staff at Elevation Church seems like a dream job, and though there were many positive elements, fear and anxiety found a foothold. London Gatch shares her journey of overcoming anxiety, and finding her voice as an independent artist.
The Song Revolution Podcast is dedicated to helping you grow as a songwriter and worshiper, so to take it to the 'next level', we will now be releasing our podcast on Mondays. Our goal is that this podcast is something for you to look forward to on your Mondays morning commute, workout, or new-week routine. |
ROK Conformity Assessment System: Conformity Assessment Used in Korea
In Korea, KATS coordinates the conformity assessment system as mandated by the National Standards Act of 1999, with the goal of harmonizing processes internationally.
Examples of accreditation programs overseen by KATS and its subordinates include:
Korea Laboratory Accreditation Scheme (KOLAS)
Korea Accreditation System (KAS)
Examples of certification programs in Korea include:
KS Certification Scheme
Management System Certification (QMS and EMS)
The Korea Laboratory Accreditation Scheme (KOLAS) is a governmental accreditation body established in 1992 and administered by KATS. KOLAS represents Korea in the International Laboratory Accreditation Cooperation (ILAC) and the Asia Pacific Laboratory Accreditation Cooperation (APLAC).
Foreign entities can apply for KOLAS accreditation according to ILAC's Principles for Avoiding Duplication if their country is also a signatory to the ILAC MLA.
Learn more about U.S. participation in the ILAC MLA.
Find out if your country is a signatory to the ILAC MLA.
KOLAS offers accreditation in the fields of testing, calibration, inspection, and reference material production. In most cases, the accreditation process includes an application form with related documents, review of the application by the KOLAS secretariat, an on-site assessment, and further deliberation by KOLAS officials.
Proficiency testing is also a requirement for KOLAS accreditation. This process provides an opportunity to continuously improve the testing competence of laboratories.
Testing and Calibration
KOLAS evaluates testing and calibration laboratories according to the requirements of ISO/IEC 17025.
Learn more about KOLAS' accreditation service for testing and calibration laboratories
Search for KOLAS-accredited testing labs
Search for KOLAS-accredited calibration labs
KOLAS evaluates inspection bodies according to the requirements of ISO/IEC 17020.
Learn more about KOLAS' accreditation service for inspection bodies and find a directory of accredited bodies
Reference Material Producers
The accreditation of reference material producers was recently added to KOLAS' capabilities. The program was initiated to provide users of reference materials with increased confidence that the material is produced by a competent body. KOLAS evaluates applicants according to the requirements of ISO Guide 34, in combination with ISO/IEC 17025 where appropriate.
Learn more about KOLAS' accreditation service for reference material producers
Search for KOLAS-accredited reference material producers
The Korea Accreditation Scheme (KAS) is the accreditation body administered by KATS and responsible for assessment of product certification bodies. KAS is a signatory to the International Accreditation Forum Multilateral Recognition Arrangement (IAF MLA) for accreditors of product certifiers.
Overview presentation about KAS [available in English]
About KAS [Korean only]
Criterion and procedure of accrediting bodies [Korean only]
Search for KAS-accredited bodies [Korean only]i
The Korean Industrial Standard (KS) Certification Scheme is carried out by the Korean Standards Association (KSA) according to the Industrial Standardization Act. KS certification indicates that a particular product meets relevant KS requirements.
The procedure for obtaining KS Certification usually involves an application process and an on-site audit or factory inspection.
Learn more about the KS Certification Scheme
Once a manufacturer has been approved for KS Certification, they are granted use of the "KS mark" to indicate their conformity to applicable requirements.
Learn more about the KS mark
The Korea Accreditation Board (KAB) accredits certifiers of quality management systems and environment management systems according to the requirements of ISO 9001 and ISO 140001, respectively. Similar to other accreditation processes, KAB accreditation normally involves an application and on-site assessment, and can take approximately 5 months.
Learn more about the KAB accreditation process
View criteria for accreditation of QMS and EMS
View a list of KAB-accredited bodies |
News, Views & Insights/ Best Electric Cars In The UK – Top Rated Vehicles In 2020
Best Electric Cars In The UK – Top Rated Vehicles In 2020
Electric cars are becoming a more popular option with drivers in recent years. This trend is accelerating as the cost of electric car ownership starts to fall, making this a feasible option for more drivers. Our handy guide to the best electric cars in the UK helps you get out ahead of the crowd. Be totally prepared with your knowledge of the top-rated electric vehicles of 2020.
As technology develops and the market grows, there is more choice for buyers than ever before. We have put together a selection of the best electric vehicles so that you can find the one that is right for you. Whether you are on the search for a suave sports car or fancy finding a fantastic family vehicle, whether you have a set budget or think that price is no object, our guide will have something for you.
So, which are the best EV cars in 2020?
Best budget electric cars
Hyundai Kona Electric:
The Hyundai Kona Electric debuted last year and easily rivals some of the higher-priced luxury electric cars available. With a range of 258 miles, this is one of the best all-round affordable electric cars at the moment. It has an SAE combo charger as standard which allows DC voltage to go directly into the car's large battery. This means much quicker charging times between drives. It also has adjustable regenerative braking, rapid acceleration, and a thoroughly pleasant interior.
Nissan Leaf:
Following a redesign last year, the Nissan Leaf is now a much improved electric car compared to the previous generation model. Not only is it quiet and comfortable, it also offers a good range which should cover most commutes. The claimed range is 150-226 miles, depending on whether you choose the Leaf or the Leaf Plus model. One downside to this car is that the steering wheel does not telescope, and this makes the car a little less comfortable for taller drivers. However, the car's good points outweigh this disadvantage overall. It's one of the best all electric cars in 2020!
Chevrolet Bolt EV:
This hatchback offers exceptional all-electric range and performance for a reasonable price. Its range is 259 miles, which is perfect for the majority of commutes and even longer journeys. Although the cargo space does not seem to be as large as other vehicles can offer, drivers have found that it is certainly more spacious than you may expect. One potential downside is that the front seats are rather firm, and this might not be to everyone's taste. It's one of the top fully electric cars of 2020!
Fantastic family electric cars
Tesla Model 3:
The Tesla Model 3 is the most affordable electric car in the Tesla range. However, this doesn't mean it is in any way basic. The standard model claims a whopping 254-mile range and has the ability to race from 0-60mph in only 5.3 seconds. The car has a space age feel with an Autopilot drive assistance system included. If you need an increased range, there is a dual-motor version available which can cover 329 miles. The Tesla Model 3 deserves to appear in our list of electric cars as it's really good value for money.
Hyundai Ioniq Electric:
This car offers plentiful space for families of four or five. It has a decent sized boot, which can be essential for family holidays or even just the weekly grocery shop. The car is ideal for daily use with a refined yet relaxed nature. If you are unsure about making the move to an electric car, the Ioniq is also available in hybrid or plug-in hybrid versions. This can help to offer some reassurance if you will be making long journeys.
VW e-Golf:
This cutting-edge electric car offers all the usual high-quality attributes you would expect from a Volkswagen, with first-rate build quality, clever connectivity and generous packaging. The difference is that it is cleaner, quieter and less costly. With its conventional looks, this could be an ideal car for a first-time electric vehicle driver.
Super sporty electric cars
Nio EP9:
This is an electric car for true enthusiasts only. With a price tag of £1.2 million (before tax), this is a big investment. But in return you become the proud owner of one of the most extreme, luxury electric cars available. Its electric motor packs a megawatt of power, which is the equivalent of 1360bhp. The Nio EP9 has already broken the Nurburgring lap record and has a top speed of 196mph, racing from 0-62mph in only 2.9 seconds. This car looks sleek and is sure to impress, but it worth bearing in mind that it is still in the experimental pioneer phase.
Porsche Taycan:
The Taycan showcases Porsche's most technically stunning interior design so far. Not only that, it also has the ability to charge in half the time it takes the Tesla Model S. It is able to do this thanks to its 800-volt power supply. This is double what is usually used in electric cars and no other manufacturer is currently offering this. By increasing the voltage, the current can be dropped without an impact in the power output. This enables much faster charging times than we see in other electric cars.
Luxury electric cars
Audi e-tron:
The Audi e-tron is a luxury SUV with plentiful space for five passengers and room to spare. It has an emphasis on comfort and is jam packed with quality technology. Offering a smooth ride, this car also has the advantage of consistently swift charging and a range of 204 miles. For a luxury electric vehicle, you can't ask for much more than the Audi e-tron.
Jaguar I-Pace:
Sleek and futuristic, the Jaguar I-Pace simply oozes style and sophistication both inside and out. With immediate acceleration and responsive steering and handling, this electric car is sporty as well as luxurious. It is however somewhat less efficient than other similar vehicles, which means that there may be more cost involved in keeping it charged.
BMW i3:
If the interior design and comfort of your car is high on your priority list, this could be the perfect car for you. The BMW i3 offers arguably the best interior of any electric car. It is stylish and modern yet remains user friendly and practical. As expected from any BMW, the i3 drives smoothly. One thing to take into consideration however is that the BMW i3 has a relatively short range when compared to other electric cars. Its range is only 153 miles. This can be mitigated somewhat by the option of a gas-powered range extender. This increases the range to 200 miles and offers some additional peace of mind for longer journeys.
Best range electric cars
If the range of your electric car is something that you are concerned about, then the best brand to go for is Tesla. Tesla electric cars are currently head and shoulders above other brands in terms of their range. Tesla Model S Long Range is the overall winner in this regard, with a range of 373 miles. It comes equipped with a 100-kWh battery pack and is lighter weight than some other models.
The Tesla Model X Long Range comes in a close second with a range of 328 miles, closely followed by the Tesla Model 3 Long Range at 322 miles. The Model X uses the same 100-kWh battery pack as the Model S but carries more weight so it can't travel quite as far. The Tesla Model 3 has a slightly smaller battery pack of 75-kWh, but it is lighter and more efficient than the other models meaning that it can go further with a smaller battery pack.
Outside of the Tesla brand, the next best electric car for range is the Chevrolet Bold with its range of 259 miles. This model also made the shortlist in our selection as one of the best budget electric cars available. Chevrolet redesigned the Bolt's battery for 2020, meaning its range is now further than most other competitors.
Choosing the electric car that is right for you
This guide on the best EVs has hopefully given you some ideas about the different electric cars that are currently available on the market in 2020. We have selected only the very best to be included in our shortlist. As the cost of electric vehicles continues to fall, an electric car will make sense for more and more households. They are less costly to run, require less maintenance, and no more stops at the petrol station.
Some important factors to take into account will be when and where you will be able to charge your car and how many miles you need to be able to do in between charges. This is why range is such an important consideration when looking at electric car models. Some of the cars, which offer a gas-powered range extender or a hybrid design, can provide reassurance for drivers who regularly take long journeys and have concerns about the range available.
Other considerations are similar to when choosing a traditional gas vehicle, such as space, number of seats, comfort and style. Whatever it is that you're looking for in your electric car, we're sure that you will be able to find your perfect match from the many excellent choices available on the market, particularly among those highlighted here in our guide.
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\section{Introduction}
Fluid dynamics turbulence is characterized by intermittent and
non-Gaussian fluctuations distributed over a wide range of space- and
time-scales \cite{Frisch95,benzi2010inertial,yeung2015extreme,iyer2017reynolds,sinhuber2017,popebook}. In the limit of
infinite Reynolds numbers, $Re$, the number of dynamical degrees of
freedom tends towards infinity, $\#_{dof} \sim Re^{9/4}$, where $Re =
U_0L_0/\nu$ with $\nu$ the viscosity, $U_0$ and $L_0$ the typical velocity and large-scale
in the flow, respectively. Are all these degrees of freedom equally
relevant for the dynamics? Do extreme events depend only on some
large-scale flow realizations? Can we selectively control some
degrees-of-freedom by applying an active forcing and/or drag? These
are key questions that we start to answer by using high resolution
numerical studies of the three dimensional Navier-Stokes
equations. The long term goal is twofold. {First, we are interested to have a new numerical tool to
ask novel questions concerning the statistical and topological properties of specific flow structures. Second, we aim
to develop useful (optimal) control
strategies to suggest forcing protocols that may
be implemented in laboratory experiments, where the flow can be seeded
with millions of passive or active particles, preferentially tracking
special flow regions \cite{bec2007heavy,toschi2009lagrangian,calzavarinijfm2009,qureshi2008,mercado2010,gibert2012,gustavsson2016,mathai2016}}. For
example, we nowadays know how to actively control spinning properties
of small magnetic particles \cite{Stanway04,Falcon17}, how to blow-up small bubbles
by sound emissions \cite{abe02,hauptmann13,hauptmann14} and/or how to assemble micro-metric
objects with a self-adaptive shape depending on the flow rheological
properties \cite{huang2019}. Recent developments in 3d-printing and
micro-engineering technologies promise that new tools will be
available in the next few years for fluid control or fluid
measurements in the laboratory. We believe that these new tools could
be capable to do, in a ``smart'' way, what dummy and passive polymers
already do in controlling drag and flow correlations \cite{lumley73drag,white2008mechanics,Fischer11}. In
this paper, we perform a first attempt to modify/control fluid
turbulence by adding a small-scale forcing only on intense vorticity
regions. We start from the case where the forcing is always
detrimental, i.e. removes energy. The idea is to have a numerical experiment mimicking the effects of small-particles that
preferentially track high vorticity regions (i.e. light bubbles) and
that can be activated such as to spin or blow-up and increase
the drag locally. This is only one potential protocol over a wide and
broad range of other applications to many others flow conditions at
high and low Reynolds.\\
\begin{figure}[htp]
\centering
\includegraphics[scale=0.25]{FIG1.png}
\caption{(Top row) Left: visualization of vorticity amplitude in a 2d plane,
from a simulation of NSE without control term ($\beta=0$). Right:
isocontour regions where the vorticity amplitude is above $20\%$ of its maximum value measured over the flow
volume. (Bottom row) Same visualizations obtained from a simulation
where the control term is acting on the dynamics of the NSE. Left:
visualization of enstrophy plane. Right: contour regions where the
vorticity amplitude is above the control forcing threshold fixed at
$\omega_p=0.2\omega_{max}$. The control forcing amplitude used in
the simulation presented here is $\beta=5$. Both simulations are
performed with a number of collocation points $N=1024^3$.}
\label{fig:visual}
\end{figure}
{\sc Method.} We consider the Navier Stokes equations (NSE) for an
incompressible flow, subjected to two different types of forcing
mechanisms: \begin{equation}
\label{eq:navierstokes}
\partial_t \, {\boldsymbol u} + {\boldsymbol u} \cdot {\boldsymbol \nabla} {\boldsymbol u} = - {\boldsymbol \nabla} P + \nu \Delta {\boldsymbol u} + {\textbf F}
- {\boldsymbol f}_c \end{equation} where ${\textbf F}$ is a standard large-scale stirring mechanism
while ${\boldsymbol f}_c$ is a second forcing which acts --in our implementation--
as a control term on the small-scales dynamics. In particular, in this
paper, we will only consider an external smart-drag, proportional to
the velocity $ {\boldsymbol f}_c({\boldsymbol x},t) = c({\boldsymbol x},t) {\boldsymbol u}({\boldsymbol x},t) $ and acting such as
to preferentially depleting only those regions where vorticity is
important \begin{equation}
\label{eq:forc_om}
c({\boldsymbol x},t) = \beta \, \left ( \frac{\text{tanh} \left[
(\omega({\boldsymbol x},t)-\omega_{p})\right ]+1}{2} \right ),
\end{equation}
where $\omega({\boldsymbol x},t) = |{\boldsymbol \nabla} \times {\boldsymbol u}|$, is the vorticity
intensity, $\omega_p$ is one threshold above which the control term is
strongly active and $\beta$ is an overall rescaling factor of the
control amplitude, hence $\beta=0$ would correspond to the usual NSE
without control. From its definition it is possible to see that
${\boldsymbol f}_c({\boldsymbol x},t)$ is always close to zero except inside structures
dominated by the intense vortex filaments, where the $\tanh$ become
positive and equal to 1. The region where ${\boldsymbol f}_c({\boldsymbol x},t)$ is acting can
be tuned by changing the threshold $\omega_p$, whose value has been
fixed as a percentage of the maximum vorticity, $\omega_{max}$,
measured in the stationary state of a simulation without the control
term, hence:
$$\omega_p = p \, \omega_{max}$$
with $0< p \le 1$. In the transition
region around the isoline where $\omega({\boldsymbol x},t)=\omega_{p}$ the control
function (\ref{eq:forc_om}) will introduce compressibile effects in
(\ref{eq:navierstokes}). Therefore, before adding the control term
to (\ref{eq:navierstokes}) one needs to project it on its solenoidal
component.
\begin{figure}[htp]
\centering
\includegraphics[scale=0.5]{FIG2.pdf}
\caption{Main panel: energy spectra averaged on time for different
simulations at changing {the control} threshold,
$\omega_c/\omega_{max} = p$, with a fixed amplitude,
$\beta=5$. Notice that $\beta=0$ corresponds to the uncontrooled full NSE. (Inset)
Energy fluxes from the non-linear term, $\Pi_{nl}$, from the control
term, $\Pi_{f_c}$, and from the viscous dissipation, $\Pi_{\nu}$,
normalized to the mean energy input, $\varepsilon_f$. Here $p=0.2$ and $\beta=5$.
}
\label{fig:energy}
\end{figure}
The projection operation breaks the
local positive definiteness of the control term, which remains purely
dissipative only globally as an average on the whole volume.
{\sc Results.} In Fig.~\ref{fig:visual} we present two visualizations
of a plane of the vorticity intensity in the stationary state for two
simulations, one for the standard NSE (top panel) and one with the
control term acting on the flow (bottom panel). The two planes in
Fig.~\ref{fig:visual} are warped upwards depending on the vorticity
values, in this way it is possible to see that the intense peaks
developed by the NSE are pruned by the small-scales forcing in the
controlled dynamics. From the figure it is qualitatively evident that
vorticity is strongly depleted when the small-scale drag is acting, as
expected. In the same figure, next to the vorticity planes, we show a
3D rendering of the contour regions where the vorticity value is above
$20\%$ of its maximum value, for the case of the uncontrolled NSE (top
panel) and the contour regions where the vorticity value is above the
forcing threshold, $p=0.2$, for the case of the controlled flow
(bottom panel). From the volume rendering we can appreciate that the
control forcing tends to homogenise the spatial distribution of the
intense vorticity events while they result more intermittent and
localized when the dynamics is not controlled. It is also interesting
to observe that the volume fraction where the forcing is
acting is very small even though in those visualizations we are using
a broad threshold in terms of the vorticity values,
$p=\omega_p/\omega_{max}=0.2$.
{\sc Energy balance.} As already mentioned, the control term has a
dissipative global effect on the turbulent dynamics which goes in addition to
the normal dissipation produced by the kinematic viscosity. In this
way, a second possible channel is opened where the energy, injected by
the large scales forcing, can be dissipated. The total energy balance
equations becomes: \begin{equation}
\label{eq:energybal}
\frac{1}{2}\partial_t \langle {\boldsymbol u}^2 \rangle = \nu \langle \Delta {\boldsymbol u}^2 \rangle - \langle {\boldsymbol f}_c \cdot {\boldsymbol u} \rangle + \langle {\boldsymbol u} \cdot {\textbf F} \rangle.\\
\end{equation}
wehere we have the total kinetic energy, $E = \frac{1}{2}
\langle {\boldsymbol u}^2 \rangle$, the viscous dissipation $\varepsilon_{_\nu} =
\nu \langle \Delta {\boldsymbol u}^2 \rangle$, the dissipation induced by the
control mechanism, $\varepsilon_c =\langle {\boldsymbol f}_c \cdot {\boldsymbol u} \rangle$, and
the energy injection rate $\varepsilon_{_{f}} = \langle {\textbf F} \cdot {\boldsymbol u}
\rangle$, and with $\langle \bullet \rangle$ we intend an average on
the whole volume. \\
{ \sc Numerical Simulations.} To assess the statistical properties of
Eq.~\eqref{eq:navierstokes} a set of direct numerical simulation have
been performed at changing resolution and the control parameters,
namely $\beta$ and $\omega_p$. We used a pseudo-spectral code with
resolutions up to $1024^3$ collocation points in a triply periodic
domain $\Omega$ of size $L = 2\pi$. Full $2/3$-rule de-aliasing is
implemented (see Table I for details). The homogeneous and isotropic external force, ${\textbf F}$, is
defined via a second-order Ornstein-Uhlenbeck process \cite{biferale2016coherent}. All simulations where control is on, have been
produced starting from a stationary configuration of the uncontrolled
case $\beta=0$ and all statistical quantities are calculated after
that a new stationary state is achieved.
\begin{table}
\begin{center}
\begin{tabular}{|c|ccccc|}
Control & $N$ & $\beta$ & $p$ & $\varepsilon_f$ & $\nu$\\
\hline
Off & $256$ & - & - & 2.2 & $5.2 \times 10^{-3}$\\
Off & $1024$ & - & - & 5.5 & $8 \times 10^{-4}$\\
\hline
On & $256$ & $[0.1 \div 50]$ & $[0.1 \div 0.7]$ & 2.2 & $5.2 \times 10^{-3}$\\
On & $1024$ & $50$ & $[0.05 \div 0.6]$ & 5.5 & $8 \times 10^{-4}$\\
\end{tabular}
\end{center}
\caption{Parameters used in the simulations. Control:
indicates if the control term ($-c({\boldsymbol x},t){\boldsymbol u}({\boldsymbol x},t)$) is applied
(On) or not (Off) in Eqs.~\eqref{eq:navierstokes}; $N$ is the number
of collocation points in each spatial direction; $\beta$ is the
amplitude of the control term; $p$ is the percentage of the maximum vorticity above
which the control term is active $\omega_p=p \omega_{max}$;
$\varepsilon_f$ is the mean energy input injected by the large scales
forcing; $\nu$ is the kinematic viscosity. The amplitude of
Ornstein-Uhlenbeck forcing is $f_0=0.16$ and $f_0=0.14$
for $N=256$ and $N=1024$ respectively; the
correlation time is $\tau_f=0.6$ for $N=256$ and $\tau_f=0.23$ for $N=1024$. The forcing is
active on the window $k_f=[0.5:1.5]$ for resolution $N=256$ and on $k_f=[0.5:2.5]$ for $N=1024$. The
Kolmogorovo scale is $\eta=
(\nu^3/\varepsilon)^{1/4}$, where $\varepsilon$ is the
dissipation rate. Resolution is kept at $\eta/dx \ge 0.7$.}
\label{tbl:simulations}
\end{table}
In Fig.~\ref{fig:energy} we present the time average of the instantaneous energy spectra:
\begin{equation}
\label{eq:spectrum}
E(k,t) = 0.5 \sum_{k< |{\boldsymbol k}|<k+1} |{\hat {\boldsymbol u}}({\boldsymbol k},t)|^2 \end{equation} which are almost
independent of the control parameter, $p$. Only for the smallest
value of $\omega_p$, with $p \sim 0.2$, we can notice a small energy
depletion at large wavenumbers. However, in all cases, the inertial
range scaling properties are unchanged with the slope very close to
the Kolmogorov's prediction $k^{-5/3}$. In the inset of the same
figure we show for the controlled simulation with $p=0.2$ and
$\beta=5$, the balance of the energy flux produced by the non-linear
term, $\Pi_{nl}(k)$, by the viscous drag, $\Pi_{\nu}(k)$ and by the
control forcing, $\Pi_{f_c}(k)$. In the stationary state we can write
the Fourier space energy balance equation as; \begin{equation} \Pi_{nl}(k) +
\Pi_{f_c}(k)+ \Pi_{\nu}(k) = \varepsilon_f \, ,
\label{eq:en_bal}
\end{equation}
where $\varepsilon_f$ is the large scales energy input of the stochastic forcing. From the inset of Fig.~\ref{fig:energy} we can see that the control forcing is mainly active in the high wavenumbers where its contribution equals the one from the viscous dissipation, while at small/intermediate wavenumbers the non-linear interactions remain the leading one.
{\sc Configuration space statistics.} In the following we analyse the
statistics of the longitudinal velocity increments defined as
$\delta_r u = ({\boldsymbol u}({\boldsymbol x}+{\boldsymbol r})-{\boldsymbol u}({\boldsymbol x}))\cdot {\boldsymbol r}/r$. In particular we
are interested in the assessment of the effects produced by the
control term on the intermittent properties of the NSE. To do that we
study the scaling properties of the longitudinal structure functions
(SF) defined as:
\begin{equation}
S_p(r) \equiv \langle [\delta_r u]^p\rangle \sim r^{\zeta_p}.
\label{eq:SFlong}
\end{equation}
Intermittency is measured by the departure of the scaling exponents
from the Kolmogorov 1941 prediction, $\zeta_p=p/3$ in the inertial range, $\eta < r <L_0$. In particular,
any systematic non-linear dependency on the order of the moment will
induce a scale-dependency in the flatness, defined by the
dimensionless ratio among fourth and second order SF:
\begin{equation}
F(r) =\frac{S_4(r)}{\left[S_2(r)\right]^2}.
\end{equation}
The flatness for the controlled turbulent flow at resolution
$N=1024^3$ is presented in Fig.~\ref{fig:FIG4}, for the case with
$p=0.2$, compared with the uncontrolled case {$\beta=0$} and with the
uncontrolled case but with an {\it a-posteriori} pruning of all events
where $\omega > \omega_c$. The latter measurement is introduced in
order to understand how much the dynamical pruning imposed by the
evolution of eqn. (\ref{eq:navierstokes}) is different from a simple
conditioning on small-vorticity events taken on the full uncontrolled
NSE. As one can see comparing the empty circles (full {$\beta=0$} NSE) with
the empty squares (active control with $p=0.2$) the effects on the
flatness are dramatic, with both a $100\%$ reduction on the smallest
scale and a decrease of the scaling slope in the inertial
range. Similarly, by comparing the results with the a-posteriori
conditioning (empty triangles) we see that indeed it is crucial to have a
dynamical control to deplete intermittency. To our knowledge {this is
the first evidence that intermittency can be strongly depleted in a
dynamical way with a dynamical criterion based on configuration-space filtering,} at difference from what
obtained by fractal pruning in \cite{lanotte15,buzz16burg,lanotte16,buzz16lag}.
\begin{figure}[htp]
\centering
\includegraphics[scale=0.55]{FIG3.pdf}
\caption{Log-log plot of the flatness, $F(r)$, versus
$r$ measured from $30$ different snapshots in time during the
evolution of a system with size $N=1024^3$. The black lines with
open circles (NSE) are data from a simulation without control term ($\beta=0$),
while the red line with open squares (active-control) are data from
the controlled NSE, using a forcing threshold
$\omega_c/\omega_{max}=0.2$ and an amplitude $\beta=50$. The black
line with full circles (NSE High-Visc) is, again, the NSE without
control term but with a higher viscosity value in a way to have the
same total drag coefficient, $d_{tot}$, of the controlled
simulation. The last curve shown, red line with empty triangles
(a-posteriori), is the flatness measured from the same simulation
without dynamical control but skipping from the average all regions
in the volume where the vorticity module is above the forcing
threshold $\omega_p/\omega_{max}=0.2$. In all curves, errors are
evaluated as the standard deviation from $30$ configurations.}
\label{fig:FIG4}
\end{figure}
In Fig. ~\ref{fig:FIG2} we show the effects of the vorticity control
point-by-point in the flow volume, by plotting the standardised
probability density function (PDF) for the instantaneous and local
enstrophy, $|\nabla \times {\boldsymbol u}|^2$, and shear intensity,
${\cal S} = \sum_{ij} (\partial_i u_j +\partial_j u_i)^2 $, for one case of active control, $p=0.2$, and compared with
the no-control,{$\beta=0$} case. There are two interesting things to
remark. First, when the control is active, the far tails of the
vorticity are markedly depleted, with almost a sharp cut-off at
$\omega \sim \omega_c$, which is the clear signature that the control
is able to deplete intense vorticity events and to not allow them to
grow again during the evolution. This fact is also good news from a
sort of min-max approach, it means that the amount of control needed
is not too high, being very efficient in stopping the formation of
strong vorticity. The second interesting point to remark is that the
preferential depletion on vorticity is indeed changing the topological
distribution of extreme events in the flow: from the standard case
where they are mainly given by high vorticity where no control exist
to the case where the extreme fluctuations (far right tails) are more
dominated by strong shear events.\\
\begin{figure}[htp]
\centering
\includegraphics[scale=0.50]{FIG5.pdf}
\caption{ Comparison of the PDFs of enstrophy, $|{\boldsymbol \nabla} \times {\boldsymbol u}|^2$,
(open symbols) and shear intensity, ${\cal S}$
(full symbols)
measured from simulations of standard NSE (black line) and from the
system controlled with forcing threshold,
$\omega_p/\omega_{max}=0.2$ and amplitude $\beta=5$.}
\label{fig:FIG2}
\end{figure}
{\sc Drag reduction.} Going back to the observation of the mean
quantities, it is interesting to estimate the effect of the smart
forcing on the drag coefficient of the system. Indeed the new
smart-control allows the system to preferentially dissipate energy
inside the vortical regions where it is active. To quantify its
effect {we go back to the balance (\ref{eq:energybal})} and split the total drag, $d_{tot}$, in two contributions,
$d_\nu$ and $d_c$ as follows: \begin{equation} d_{tot}=d_\nu+d_c, \qquad
d_\nu=\frac{\varepsilon_{\nu}\,\, L_0}{u_{rms}^3}; \qquad
d_c=\frac{\varepsilon_c\,\, L_0}{u_{rms}^3}
\label{eq:drag_coeff}
\end{equation} In Fig.~\ref{fig:drag} we show the mean drag coefficients as a
function of the vorticity threshold $\omega_p = p \, \, \omega_{max}$
for the simulations with $N=256^3$ collocation points and with a
moderate control amplitude, $\beta=5$. Fig.~\ref{fig:drag} shows that
the drag contribution coming from the control term is negligible up to
a threshold $p\sim 0.6$, instead moving towards lower thresholds the
dissipation produced by the small-scales term increases and, around
$p=0.2$, the kinematic viscosity and the control dissipations become of
the same order. Moving further the threshold towards lower vorticity
values the control term becomes the leading contribution responsible
for the energy dissipation. In this way, a drag enhancement is
observed for the smaller threshold value and the overall drag
coefficient is increased almost by a factor $2$ compared to the free
NSE at $p=1$.\\
\begin{figure}[htp]
\centering
\includegraphics[scale=0.55]{FIG4.pdf}
\caption{Drag coefficient for the viscous dissipation $d_\nu$ (green
line), the control forcing $d_c$ (black line), and their sum
$d_{tot}$ (cyan line). Results are shown as a function of the
threshold, $\omega_p/\omega_{max}=p$, and the volume fraction, $V$, (upper scale)
where the control forcing is acting. Data are measured from
simulations with $N=256^3$ and a control forcing amplitude
$\beta=5$. Errors are evaluated as the standard deviation of the
temporal fluctuations observed for the different quantities.}
\label{fig:drag}
\end{figure}
{\sc Conclusions.}
{
We have presented a first implementation of a smart small-scale control scheme for turbulent flows, based on preferentially damping high vorticity regions.
In this study, we have shown that the extra drag exerted on the vortex filaments produce a strong reduction on configuration-based intermittency, with depletion of fat tails and rare events in the vorticity field. The topological relative weight of rotational and extensional regions is also affected abruptly. The overall damping of vortex filaments leads to a sort of drag increase. This study open the way to explore other control Lagrangian mechanism, e.g. based on the heavy-light particles preferential concentration and/or other smart-particles that can be self activated or activated by external control fields, as for the case of magnetic objects. Optimisation of the particles' properties to track specific flow region can also be attempted in order to enhance/deplete only specific fluctuations \cite{reddy16,colabrese17flow,colabrese18smart,waldock18,novati18}.}
\bibliographystyle{apsrev4-1}
|
BACKGROUND. Components of professionalism in undergraduate medical studies at the University of Pretoria (UP) were previously defined as nine 'Golden Threads'. Although specific outcomes were formulated for the threads, the need for more explicit professional standards became increasingly evident. The restructuring of the health system in South Africa contributed to the need for more explicit standards. The Charter for Medical Professionalism was developed during 2006 - 2008 as a reference document within the local context to serve as a standard for professionalism in the medical curriculum. Another aim was to guide academics in medical studies to act as good role models of professional behaviour. OBJECTIVE. To document the development of the Charter for Medical Professionalism and to evaluate lecturer and student perceptions on the formulation of the Charter to make appropriate changes and increase acceptance. METHODS. The project took the form of action research, and a working group comprising academics from UP's Faculty of Health Sciences developed the Charter from relevant source documents, employing thematic and content analysis and recursive abstraction. An online survey was conducted to assess lecturer and student acceptance of the Charter. RESULTS. The outcomes-based approach was perceived as acceptable and appears to broaden the scope of assessment of professionalism. CONCLUSION. Inclusion of outcomes proposed by other work groups relating to research, practice management, teaching, mentoring and leadership roles of the medical doctor may be considered in future. |
2014 First Round Draft Pick Adrian Kempe Fits LA Kings Like A Glove
LA Kings 2014 first round draft pick Adrian Kempe (center), shown here with Kings Vice President of Hockey Operations and Director of Player Personnel Mike Futa (left) and Director of Amateur Scouting Mark Yanetti (right)
during the 2014 NHL Draft in Philadelphia on June 27, 2014.
LOS ANGELES — If there was ever a first round pick in the National Hockey League draft that fit a team like the proverbial glove, forward Adrian Kempe is that player.
Kempe, 17, was selected by the Los Angeles Kings in the first round (29th overall) of the 2014 National Hockey League Draft, which began on June 27.
The 2014 NHL Draft will conclude on June 28, with Rounds 2-7, beginning at 7:00 AM PDT (televised on the NHL Network).
But before the 29th pick came around, the Kings tried to trade up in the first round. Later, as prospects continued to come off the board, they also tried to trade down.
"We tried to move up and couldn't, and we were prepared to move down, but didn't need to," said Director of Amateur Scouting Mark Yanetti. "We absolutely tried to move up. We made four or five inquiries to try to move up when one player was sliding, but we didn't get any traction. We didn't get off the ground. Although we tried, it was never even close. There wasn't any interest and not even any room to negotiate."
"We actively tried to move up but it was a dead-in-the-water issue."
Yanetti indicated that as the first round wore on, the Kings brain trust became increasingly concerned that none of their targeted prospects would be available when their time on the clock came.
"As the [first round] unfolded, around the midpoint, it fell the way we thought it would fall," he noted. "We were pretty close in terms of who was getting taken off the board. We had three players in mind for that 29th pick before the draft started. It started to get very dicey as the [first round] wore on. It started to look like we may not get one of the three players we targeted, so we were fully prepared to move [down]. We had a flurry of offers and we were perfectly poised to move out of that pick. That scenario was plausible for about five or six picks, but our fears were allayed and we decided to keep the pick."
"We had three excellent offers that all had merit," he added. "We were ready to move out of that spot, but as it stood, [when the 25th overall pick came around], we knew we were going to get one of the two guys [we wanted] who were left."
"It was funny because there were a ton of guys calling for the pick, but we held strong," Mike Futa, Vice President of Hockey Operations and Director of Player Personnel, told KingsVision. "[Kempe] was the kid we wanted and we got him. We'll throw him off at the Development Camp to the hounds and let them go to work on him."
The 6-1, 178-pound native of Kramfors, Sweden (lives in Ornskoldsvik, Sweden), played for MODO of the Swedish Hockey League last season, scoring five goals and adding six assists for eleven points in 45 games. He also played for MODO's under-20 team, scoring three goals and adding 16 assists for 19 points in twenty games.
"He's a big, strong, bullish forward who can play center or wing," said Goran Stubb, NHL Director of European Scouting. "He likes to drive hard for the net, using his strength and skating to his advantage. He plays the body and is aggressive when forechecking. He has a good defensive game for a player with his offensive skills, he's mobile, solid and strong. He's a power forward, strong along the boards with smooth hands and is a very speedy skater. He's a solid two-way forward."
Kings scouts saw the same thing.
"Adrian is a player who we followed closely, all year long," Director of European Scouting Christian Ruutuu told KingsVision. "He's a great skater. He's got good size, he's tall, he's a very responsible two-way player."
"He played in the Swedish league, for MODO, as a third line/fourth line center/winger," added Ruutuu. "We liked his bite, we liked his effort in the games and the never-giving-up attitude. He kept improving throughout the year and he played in the Swedish league with the men, so that's a big bonus."
"He's kind of a power forward. With his ability to skate, his ability to move, he can play center and wing for us. We're looking at him as a third line winger who can also play on the power play and the penalty-kill."
Kempe, who was ranked sixth among European skaters by the NHL's Central Scouting Bureau, was thrilled to join the Kings.
"It feels really good," he said. "I'm really excited to be drafted by the Stanley Cup Champions. It's a really good team, a really good organization. I'm really proud."
Kempe, whose father owns a video game company and a hockey shop in Sweden, and whose mother is an insurance broker, noted that his favorite player while growing up is a current Kings star.
"When I was a little kid, Marian Gaborik was my favorite player," said Kempe. "But now, in the past year, I like [Colorado Avalanche forward] Gabriel Landeskog and [Kings forward] Dustin Brown. They're both very good two-way players and both are really skilled, too, so I've tried to look at them a lot."
Kempe also talked about how his game fits with the Kings' style of play.
"I've seen them for a few years now, and I saw them in the playoffs this year," he said. "They're a really good team, really physical and they have skilled players, too. They have everything. That's why they won the Stanley Cup this year, too."
"I think my play fits in with them really [well]," he added. "I'm a big, strong player and a good skater."
As reported earlier, those are the qualities that got him noticed by the Kings in the first place—he fits "Kings Hockey" like a glove.
"He fits right into our mode," Futa told KingsVision. "He's a big kid, a tough, tough player. He's just a competitor. He put up good numbers in Sweden. He's just one of those kids [for whom] every game is a high stakes game. He just brings it. He's a physical force on the wall, he plays tough, no backwards steps to his game."
"This kid fits our style of play," Futa added. "We had him rated—we had our cut-off list of guys who we'd be thrilled to get the first round, and he was still there."
Yanetti was more detailed.
"He's actually, I don't want to say a ready-made Kings player, but in terms of how we like to build the team and what we value, in terms of heavy play and competitiveness, those are things that are already present in his game," said Yanetti. "He has a heavy element. He borders on [being] an elite skater. He's still got to fill out, but he's going to be a very big kid and he plays the style of game we play already. He plays the game with purpose. It's not just a random collection of tools."
"I would say the biggest deficiency in his game would be fundamental puck protection and that's due to the European style—the big rinks and the more north-south play [in Europe as opposed to] the half-court play [in the NHL]," added Yanetti. "One of the real intriguing things for us is when you look at Nelson Emerson (in charge of Player Development for the Kings) and Mike Donnelly (Collegiate Scout who also works in player development), that's one of the things they excel at teaching—the puck protection, the half-court game."
"He's got everything we value in a King. He's even got some secondary leadership qualities and the one thing we want him to be better at is the one thing I think our guys, on the development side, teach the best. Potentially, it's a really good marriage in terms of the ground floor, to the development, to the NHL."
Although Kempe is only 17 (turns 18 in September), the Kings do not seem to be concerned about his age.
"He's definitely young," Yanetti observed. "He's a 6-2 1/2 kid who looks like he hasn't shaved yet. He's got a long way to go fill out, but the intriguing thing for me is that despite looking immature, physically, and needing to fill out, he's already strong on the puck. He's already heavy in the harder areas—he's good along the boards, and it's something he prides himself in. So, in terms of being young, that's a positive."
"He's going to fill out," said Futa. "He's already a big kid. He fits right into our mode—the big, grind-you-down team that doesn't take any steps backwards. He brings with him an exceptional skill set, too"
Yanetti indicated that Kempe will return to MODO in Sweden to play in 2014-15.
"In terms of his development, he's already playing at an older professional level in Sweden, so his development path is set for next year," said Yanetti. "He'll be going back to Sweden, and in his case, I think that's the absolute perfect place for him to be next year. He's got one year [remaining] on his contract, so we can start discussing a future path, whether it's the [American Hockey League] or another year in Sweden."
"I've always played against [players who are one or two years older]," Kempe noted. "It was real tough to get up to the big team in the [Swedish] Hockey League this year, so I'm very glad to be there."
Kempe can also play any forward position.
"When I grew up, I played center until I was 14 years old and then I started playing [on the wing] a couple of times," he explained. "When I came to MODO, I played half the season at center and half the season as a winger, so it doesn't matter. I can play both."
"Last year, I played as a winger the whole year when I was on the A team," he elaborated. "Next season, I don't know if I'll play center or maybe winger. It doesn't matter."
Frozen Royalty's 2014 Summer Prospects Coverage
Granting A Request and Getting Their Man Were Key Factors In LA Kings Trading Linden Vey To Vancouver
Frozen Royalty Begins 2014 Off-Season Coverage With Photos From LA Kings 2014 Development Camp
A Glimpse At The Critical Role Development Has Played In LA Kings' Championships
LA Kings 2014 1st Round Draft Pick Adrian Kempe Returns To Sweden, But Not Before Making Solid First Impression
You'll Have To Look Closely To See Where LA Kings LW Prospect Valentin Zykov Has Improved
Polished Off The Ice, LA Kings' Defenseman Prospect Roland McKeown Is Working To Be Equally Polished On It
Frozen Royalty by Gann Matsuda is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 3.0 Unported License. You may copy, distribute and/or transmit any story or audio content published on this site under the terms of this license, but only if proper attribution is indicated. The full name of the author and a link back to the original article on this site are required. Photographs, graphic images, and other content not specified are subject to additional restrictions. Additional information is available at: Frozen Royalty – Licensing and Copyright Information. Frozen Royalty's Comment Policies
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2014 NHL Draft, Adrian Kempe, Christian Ruutuu, Mark Yanetti, Michael Futa, Mike Futa, NHL News
Los Angeles Kings 2014 NHL Draft Preview
11 thoughts on "2014 First Round Draft Pick Adrian Kempe Fits LA Kings Like A Glove"
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Spotlight on City of Islands by Kali Wallace, Plus Excerpt & Giveaway!
Today we're excited to spotlight City of Islands by Kali Wallace! Read on for more about Kali and her book, plus an excerpt & giveaway!
Kali Wallace is the author of two novels for teens and many short stories. She studied geology for years, but now devotes her time to writing. She lives in southern California.
Mara is a diver for the Lady of the Tides in the City of Islands, a foggy, magical archipelago. Orphaned as a little girl, she was taken in by a bone mage named Bindy—but when Bindy was killed under mysterious circumstances, Mara was taken in by the Lady. Day in and day out, Mara swims through the murky ocean between the city's many islands, searching for treasures that might please the Lady. Until the day Mara discovers the skeletons of strange hybrid creatures—a lizard with wings, a sea snake with a tale, a seal with claws—all humming with a magical spell song. Mara is convinced that such a rare, unusual find will afford her the opportunity to study magic—the only source of power in the islands, and the only sure way out of poverty. But rather than rewarding Mara with an education, the Lady gives her a challenge: sneak into the Winter's Blade, an asylum island ruled by the Lord of the Muck, to get to the bottom of where the magical bones came from. What Mara finds there is more dangerous and chilling than she—or anyone—could have ever imagined.
One winner will receive a copy of City of Islands (US only).
Spotlight on Rosie Girl (Julie Shepard), Plus Excerpt, and Giveaway!
Spotlight on Now I Rise by Kiersten White, Plus Excerpt & Giveaway!
Spotlight on The Wood (Chelsea Bobulski), Plus Excerpt & Giveaway!
The cover is beautiful and the synopsis sounds amazing!
The cover is beautiful and the synopsis sounds fascinating.
The cover is gorgeous and I love the premise and setting too. |
BooksMediaActivismRevenge of the Feminerdcomicssocial justice
Revenge of the Feminerd: In Praise of Batgirl
Published on May 18, 2011 at 10:00am
Jarrah E Hodge
View profile »
The three of us eight-year-olds scrabbled through the dress-up trunk, tossing aside toy crowns and shiny costume jewelery onto the hardwood floor.
We were playing Batman and the goal was finding the stretchy, black cocktail dress that was the MVP of the costume box, along with the sheer, black gloves. We got the idea from watching reruns of the 1960s TV series starring Adam West. Anna was usually Batman and Sacha and I traded off being Robin and Catwoman. But I wasn't really a big fan of Robin and I wanted to be a good guy, so the most exciting development in the show for me was the introduction to Batgirl, played by Yvonne Craig. Not only was the character a new option for our dress-up games, but she was just really cool to watch.
Just think about it. In her daytime job, she was Barbara Gordon, a librarian; she was a bookworm just like me! But as Batgirl she also fought crime, getting Batman and Robin out of many a tense situation, and she had a kick-ass motorcycle.
Since those early days of running around, Sacha in a pair of costume cat ears pretending to tie up either Batman (Anna) or Batgirl (me) until the other one came to the rescue, Batgirl has been my favorite superheroine. I know I'm not alone—Ashley did a couple fantastic posts on Batgirl for Bitch last year.
Batgirl is a character I can relate to. She's less cutesy than the Sailor Scouts, wears more clothing than Wonder Woman, is nerdier than Nightshade, and has more generalized super abilities than my second-favorite superheroine, Storm (but it's really close, so don't hate on me, X-Men fans).
In the 1970s Yvonne Craig did PSAs for pay equity for the US Department of Labor. Craig was quoted as saying: "I meet young women who say Batgirl was their role model… They say it's because it was the first time they ever felt girls could do the same things guys could do, and sometimes better. I think that's lovely." Here is the video of the PSA, in which Batgirl swoops in to save Batman and Robin from a ticking bomb, but not without demanding equal pay from Batman first:
Unfortunately I didn't get a whole lot of Batgirl exposure when I stopped watching those reruns. While Batgirl has made it into a few of the animated TV series, the character has been pretty absent in the Hollywood movie adaptations, excepting Alicia Silverstone as Batgirl/Barbara Wilson in the fairly terrible 1997 movie Batman and Robin.
Where Batgirl has really thrived is in comic books. Though her huge-chest/tiny-waist portrayal is typical of the problems we see with comic book superheroines, her character is about more than that.
Or maybe I should say characters? In 1988 DC Comics drew flak for having Barbara Gordon paralyzed after her spine was severed by the Joker in the graphic novel Batman: The Killing Joke. Luckily, comic book writers Kim Yale and husband John Ostrander were also appalled at the treatment of Batgirl/Barbara Gordon and decided to bring back Gordon as a superheroine with a disability, named Oracle. With her photographic memory, hacker skills, and training in library sciences, she founds and leads operations for the Birds of Prey, a team of superheroines, and learned new ways of fighting.
Some people have argued that Barbara should be cured somehow, returning her to the position of Batgirl, but I'm OK with her as Oracle. It's good to see positive and strong representations of women with disabilities in comics. And as a computer geek, I love that a computer geek's skills could be used to change the world. Besides, without Barbara becoming Oracle, we never would've got to see some of her Batgirl successors, including the awesome Cassandra Cain.
Cassandra, an Asian-American character, was the first non-white member of the Batman team, and she served as Batgirl from 1999 until she was replaced by Stephanie Brown in 2009. The Mary Sue does a great job documenting Cain's history and awesome qualities so I won't go into too much detail here. Suffice it to say I like that she looks like more of a fighter and less of a sex object than other superheroines, including the original Batgirl. I also like the fact that she didn't seem as angst-ridden about her past as other comic characters seem to get.
While I haven't been keeping up much with the adventures of Stephanie Brown as Batgirl, I'll always have a soft spot for Batgirl overall.
Who's your favorite comic book superheroine?
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7 Comments Have Been Posted
ooh tough one
Kagu replied on Wed, 05/18/2011 - 10:34am
oooh I gotta be honest, Catwoman is my deep seeded love. She's been given the shaft over and over again by writers, but despite her less that feminist beginnings, I will always come back for more. A very very close second however is Oracle. I couldn't imagine her going back to being Batgirl. Barbara Gordon is what makes everything function behind the scenes. <3
Also in need of shout outs: Batwoman, Renee Montoya.
Favorite Super Heroine
Dyan replied on Wed, 05/18/2011 - 10:35am
Wonderwoman, then Rogue.
I'm part of the cult of Cass
Sofivondeath replied on Wed, 05/18/2011 - 11:32am
I'm part of the cult of Cass Cain.
Hands down it would be Storm.
Rachel W replied on Wed, 05/18/2011 - 11:57am
Hands down it would be Storm. Possibly followed by Jean Grey/Phoenix. I have a bit of an X-Men obsession :-)
Batgirl will always hold a
Owl replied on Wed, 05/18/2011 - 3:34pm
Batgirl will always hold a special place in my heart. When I was in middle school I drew a really silly rip-off comic about her (although she was called Batwoman, and her real name was Denise) and her associate the Lightning Lemur. Come to think of it, the Lightning Lemur, who could shoot bolts of electricity, was pretty badass.
Yeah, I was that nerdy.
I am following barbra gorden
Anonymous replied on Thu, 05/19/2011 - 7:57pm
I've never been into comics,
Monica Flynn replied on Sat, 05/21/2011 - 7:28am
I've never been into comics, but this article got me interested!
Little help? I'm entirely unfamiliar with the comic universe . . . I have an 8 year old Chinese step daughter and if she watches another iCarly or Wizards of Waverly Place, I am gonna rip my hair out. I'd love her to give her a stronger, all around better role model, and Cassandra Cain sounds PERFECT!
Was Cass Cain in comics only? Or was it a tv show? movie? How could I get whatever it was that she was in? (or is it old and very valuable, and therefore out of my price range?)
Thank you for any help!
Hi MonZniFly - as far as I
Jarrah E Hodge replied on Sun, 06/19/2011 - 12:01pm
Hi MonZniFly - as far as I know, Cass Cain has only been in the comic books.
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Relevant: Material Acts
by Cecilia Nowell
Using bits and pieces of fabric, these embroiderers construct elaborate scenes from their everyday lives and their country's history. |
UFC Fight Night 159 Main Card Preview
By Aditya Rangarajan
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Aditya Rangarajanhttp://www.mmaindia.com
The UFC jabs its way into Mexico City on September 21st. Mexico City Arena should be packed-out in order to see a great line up featuring several Latino fighters.
The card is headlined by two co-mains, Alexa Grasso vs. Carla Esparza, and Jeremy Stephens vs. Yair Rodriguez. The UFC odds have both of these fights tightly lined. There is no clear favorite in the Stephens-Rodrigue fight and Alexa Grasso is just a slight favorite over Esparza.
Carla Esparza vs. Alexa Grasso
Alexa is Guadalajaran, so she should get a lot of support in Mexico City versus the American. She's the No. 9 ranked strawweight and has only taken two losses in her professional career. One to Felice Herrig and most recently to Tatiana Suarez, who would be most likely fighting for a belt if she wasn't injured. Speaking of Suarez, she was also the last person to defeat Carla Esparza.
Carla Esparza comes from a pure grappling background. She's wrestled – varsity– in high school and now holds a brown belt in Brazilian Jiu-Jitsu. She'll have a distinct advantage on the ground against Alexa Grasso, but she isn't very comfortable standing up. Her style is to close distance and strike from the clinch, which is exactly what she'll have to do if she wants to beat a powerful striker such as Grasso.
Grasso is no slouch on the ground either, she holds a purple belt in BJJ So she has quite a few years of Jiu-Jitsu training. Still, of they go down to the matt, the combination of advanced Jiu-Jitsu and wrestling from Esparza could create problems for Grasso. She'll want to stay standing and take advantage of superior boxing skills with footwork and managing distance.
This is one of those fights that could go either way. If Esparza fails in her takedown attempts, she'll likely end up losing the fight. If she gains mount on the matt, she'll likely win. I think this one goes to a decision.
Jeremy Stephens vs. Yair Rodriguez
Stephens is a veteran with 44 professional fights under his belt. His last appearance was at UFC 235 where he took a loss to Zabit Magomedsharipov. What he gives up in height and youth to Yair Rodriguez, he makes up for in octagon experience. Rodriguez has 13 fights to his name and at 26 is seven years younger. He also has nearly three inches height advantage over Stephens, but Jeremy has long arms, and their reach is identical.
Both fighters are all gasoline, with a flashy, skid row style. Rodriguez has the ability to pull wins out of a hat. His last fight, almost a year ago, was against the Korean Zombie. And by all accounts, Yair was on the losing end of an incredible battle when he unleashed an elbow, similar to one of Magic Johnson's old-school no-look passes, that critically caught the KZ and KO'd him with one second on the clock in the final round. Amazing.
Stephens has a ton of experience and can work a technical game plan. But he tends to get overemotional and start dropping bombs. He has created many a knockout this way, but it has also been his demise. Guys like Moicano and Magomedsharipov picked him apart. But, Rodriguez loves to brawl, so I don't see Yair, sitting back and playing a calculated game once the fight gets heated. We should expect an all-out war from this one.
All though I believe it will be a hard-fought victory, it will probably go to Rodriguez … probably.
UFC: Anthony Pettis wants to fight Diego Sanchez by the end of 2019
jeremy stephens
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Larry Hochman is the person who gave me my first shot helping people online. With his T3Method already in place it was VERY intimidating, to me, to come in that environment and help.
With his T3Method I learned how to grow into the person I am today. He helps a person change from the inside out. I am grateful to have the pleasure to work with such an honorable person.
It's easy to find professional trainers and exercise physiologists. It's a bit harder to find high energy, motivating people.
It's even harder still to find people who genuinely listen to others and empathize. So when you get all three of those qualities in one person, you stay close and value them.
Jed Kobernusz is that guy. He's brought knowledge, skill and boundless enthusiasm to our community…and people respond.
Was this post helpful to see what awesomeness that Larry, Col, Brendan and I bring to the table in T3? Feel free to share and comment.
PS: Check out the Private Community of The T3 Method by Clicking Here. We have SO much fun that losing weight is simply a side effect.
If you enjoyed this post about My First Shot Helping , retweet and comment below please. |
Hisense 32 Inch HD Smart TV HX32N2170WTS has an MSD6486XTAT dual-core processor for all the processing power. It features Direct LED backlighting with features such as backlight control as well as dynamic backlight control. It has 4 modes of zoom function (4:3, 16:9, Auto and Zoom).
The Smart features of this TV include 2.4GHz WiFi for internet connectivity, in-built apps such as Youtube, Netflix, Icflix, Netrange and Web Browser. For ports and connectivity, it has Ethernet port for direct internet connection, 3 HDMI 1.4 Inputs with ARC support from 2nd HDMI port, 2 USB 2.0 ports, Headphone Jack, 2 RF Input, AV Input, etc. |
a mixture of four compounds is possible. Usually the erythro product 463 was obtained in a 6:4 ratio.
The two examples in Scheme 81 illustrate the use of a cyclic enol ether reacting with anomeric acetate 467 to give 468 , as well as the reaction of an olefin with the same acetate to give the novel ring-fused product 469 .
The final example demonstrates the use of amino acid derived enol ether 470 reacting with a glycosyl imidate 469 under Lewis acid catalysis to give a low yield of the carbon-linked threonine isostere 471 (Scheme 82) . |
BETHLEHEM UNIVERSITY STUDENT INTERNS IN SPRINGFIELD, ILLINOIS
Meet Shaden Shaer, a rising Senior at Bethlehem University, who is interning this summer for the Diocese of Springfield in Illinois. Shaden is a Business Administration major with a minor in Marketing.
Shaden is an accomplished student at Bethlehem University, attaining the Dean's List or the Honor's List in all of her semesters of studies, on her way to graduate with a 4.0 GPA. Fluent in English, German, and Arabic, she has offered tutoring classes in German, English and Accounting for the past five years. On top of excelling at her studies, she also loves to jog, bake, travel, and read.
When applying to universities, Shaden was not sure if Bethlehem University would be a good fit, "At first, I was hesitant to apply for a Bachelor's degree at Bethlehem University, as it has a slightly small campus and a modest number of students. However, throughout these 4 years, I have become so fond of this University. In a way, it has become my second home. Bethlehem University is like no other, as it embraces diversity across different religions, backgrounds, and nationalities. It is a place of encounter, where Christians and Muslims act like brothers and sisters to one another."
So far, Shaden has been thoroughly enjoying her time in the United States in her internship and in her free time. Her main responsibilities revolve around marketing efforts, especially on social media, promoting the Diocese of Springfield's Campaign for Justice and Hope.
After she graduates, Shaden plans to combine what she has learned with what she loves to do, "I have already started my search for Masters scholarships and I hope to pursue a MBA degree at a renowned university. I aspire one day to start my own catering and event management business in my hometown, in which i will be able to turn my passion for cooking and baking into a career, while providing employment opportunities for as many members of my community as possible, contributing to the well-being of my society and reducing the staggering unemployment rate that the Palestinian economy is suffering from."
When asked what she would like to say to those who support Bethlehem University, Shaden encouraged donors to visit the University and experience Palestine firsthand. She further encouraged donors in their generosity, "I would like to thank everyone who has supported the University and helped in contributing to the education of the future leaders of Palestine. The majority of the students attending Bethlehem University live under stressful financial conditions and each donation, no matter how small it may seem, makes a huge difference to the students' lives."
This internship program is made possible by the generosity of the Sir John McGuckin Mentoring and Internship Program of the Northwestern Lieutenancy of the Equestrian Order of the Holy Sepulchre of Jerusalem.
About Bethlehem University:
Jointly founded by the Vatican and the De La Salle Christian Brothers, Bethlehem University annually enrolls more than 3,200 students in bachelor, master, and professional diploma programs. A Catholic co-educational institution, the University is the only Catholic/Christian university in the Holy Land. The University's mission is to provide quality higher education to the people of the Holy Land and to serve them in its role as a center for the advancement, sharing, and use of knowledge.
About Bethlehem University Foundation:
The Bethlehem University Foundation is the U.S. registered not-for-profit organization entrusted with the sole mission of supporting and promoting Bethlehem University. The Foundation is a means for United States citizens to make a tax deductible donation in support of Bethlehem University.
To learn more about the Foundation, visit www.bufusa.org
or like the Foundation's Facebook page "Bethlehem University Foundation" |
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Nonprofit organizations get a bonus deal with a unique combo offer in Ezpaycheck 2013 and 2014 tax season applications. said Dr. Ge, the founder of halfpricesoft.com.
EzPaycheck payroll software includes the latest tax tables and tax forms. This paycheck software also supports flexible tax options to satisfy the special businesses, nonprofits and churches.
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AC Milan Windows 7 Theme with theme song is dedicated to the premier Italian football club AC Milan. This is a high resolution Windows 7 Theme which will fit very well into nearly all desktop and laptop screens with Windows 7 operating system. There are 10 background images of 1920 x 1200 widescreen resolution in the theme. |
CA district adopts student data system
eScholar today announced that its eScholar Complete Data Warehouse® for PK-12 has been selected by Santa Ana Unified School District (SAUSD). The second California school district to adopt eScholar, SAUSD will initially deploy the longitudinal-based warehouse, code name "Project Arrow" to each of SAUSD's high schools in the fall of 2011 as the foundation for their "early alert system." The eScholar solution provides integrated longitudinal data that can be used to predict outcomes and support student success in high school graduation and college and career readiness.
eScholar provides SAUSD with a robust commercial, off-the shelf solution, that eliminates the need for a lengthy and expensive design and development phase and reduces the overall project timeline, cost and risk. The project will combine data from two existing student information systems (SIS) within the district. Data that is currently gathered and maintained by the district will be available through predictive data analysis reports accessible through a dashboard interface from one comprehensive data warehouse. These reports will be used by district and school staff to monitor progress and strategically provide identified interventions or resources to support student success.
"eScholar's warehouse solution provides the necessary framework to integrate valuable information from our existing systems and provide a level of granularity that was not possible before," said Dawn Miller, assistant superintendent, Secondary Education at SAUSD. "Graduating students is our most important work and our culminating achievement. The recent ARRA/EETT grant, Project Arrow and partnership with eScholar will provide an 'early alert system' in support of our goal of student academic success."
eScholar will be initially introduced to counselors, administrators and student support staff at the nine SAUSD high schools, as well as district office departments. The new system will eventually serve a wide range of stakeholders, including teachers, in improving student advancement by providing educators with quality and timely information. eScholar provides SAUSD a single, comprehensive source of current and historical student information. Developed specifically for the education market, eScholar's solution consolidates and presents pertinent information to teachers and administrators that is meaningful in monitoring progress, diagnosis and response, internal and external benchmarking, as well as predictive analysis.
Santa Ana Unified School District (SAUSD) educates approximately 58,000 students at 61 dynamic school sites throughout the Santa Ana community. The K-12 school district is the largest in Orange County and the second largest employer in Santa Ana, with approximately 4,500 educators and staff members. The school district boasts 28 California Distinguished Schools, five National Blue Ribbon Schools, and two 2011 National Blue Ribbon nominees. In addition, Saddleback High, Valley High and Santa Ana High School were named as three of the most improved high schools in Orange County for students passing the California High School Exit Exam. |
Rockets-Spurs Recap: James Harden Follows Up Historical Night With Double-Double In Win Over Spurs
Travis Pulver
Posted on February 2, 2018, by Travis Pulver
What do you do for an encore after you have a night that sets an NBA record (first triple-double with 60 points) as well as franchise record (single-game scoring mark)? If you're James Harden, you record a double-double while leading your team to a win over your in-state rival. That is of course, exactly what he did Thursday night.
Harden scored 28 and dished out 11 dimes to lead the Rockets to a 102-91 rare win over the Spurs in San Antonio.
Via @JabariJYoung
The Spurs have struggled on the road this season but have played well at home. Heading into Thursday night's game against Houston, the Spurs had only lost four home games heading into Thursday night's contest.
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But the Spurs didn't stand a chance this time. Houston's defense locked down on San Antonio from the onset allowing the Spurs to score just 14 points in the first quarter. The Spurs offense woke up some in the second quarter. But at the half, the Rockets held a 16-point lead, 54-38.
"It's a great step," Harden said after the game (ESPN). "All night defensively we were locked in. We just got stops. We knew at some point they were going to make a run, especially in that second half. We held our composure."
After closing the gap to 12-points heading into the final quarter, San Antonio closed it a bit further and got within six with 9:58 to play. But then Chris Paul decided they were close enough and hit his next three shots to stretch the lead back out to 12.
"I was like, alright, we tripping," Paul said after the game (ESPN). "Let me go ahead."
Paul succeeded in stopping the attempted comeback. San Antonio ended up outscoring the Rockets in the final quarter. But only by a single point. Houston went on to win, 102-91.
"In the end, a couple of great players hit shots," San Antonio coach Gregg Popovich said after the game (ESPN). "I thought Chris was great in the midrange. He hit about three or four in a row, and of course, James hit a couple of 3s there back to back. That's talent taking over."
Harden led the Rockets with 28 points followed by Gerald Green who had 15 off the bench. Chris Paul ended the night with 10 points. Clint Capella tacked on another 14 points to go with 13 rebounds. Danny Green led the Spurs in scoring for the first time this season with 22 points.
Houston has had San Antonio's number this year. When they played earlier this season, the Rockets beat them with offense, 124-109. This time it was more because of their defense—something Houston is not exactly known for. They meet two more times this season (March 12 and April 1).
If the Spurs are going to have a chance to win either, they will need to get Kawhi Leonard back. But it remains to be seen if he'll be back on the court by then.
San Antonio will try to get back on the right side of the scoreboard when the Utah Jazz come to town Saturday night. Houston will try to ensure February doesn't get off to a good start for the Cavaliers in Cleveland (also Saturday night).
Chris Paul, Danny Green, Houston Rockets, James Harden, San Antonio Spurs, Spurs-Rockets
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The number of underground 'steroid labs' in Wales which sell illegal performance-enhancing drugs has risen and is a cause for concern, says Public Health Wales (PHW).
The situation is getting worse because of a new law making it harder to import steroids, health officials have said.
Pharmacists and drugs workers have also reported seeing more steroid users accessing needle exchange programmes.
Injecting steroids can cause ulcers and gynecomastia – where men grow breasts.
It also increases the risk of developing hepatitis or HIV.
Until last year, users could buy steroids online from outside the UK and get them delivered.
But the law changed meaning users have to bring them into the country personally.
Amateur sportsman Peter (not his real name) said the steroid user is easy to spot in the gym.
"You might see someone coming to the gym and they're not eating properly and not training properly yet the next time you see them they are about 100% stronger than they were a week or two before," he said.
He told BBC Radio Wales' Good Morning Wales programme that illegal steroids could be found by word-of-mouth.
"The odd person produces it themselves. Say they've done a bio-chemical degree or something like that… they might have their own little lab set up," he explained.
"They may have something which is five times stronger than the regular stuff. They can sort of tailor-make it.
Josie Smith, the national lead for substance misuse with Public Health Wales said: "Because of the change in the law our concern is there is an increase in the manufacture of steroids and image-enhancing drugs in underground labs," she said.
"These are not regulated; the substances they are manufacturing are not regulated.
It is legal to possess steroids for personal use as long they have not been manufactured on the black market but it is illegal to make or supply steroids without a licence.
Bruce Davies, professor of applied physiology at University of South Wales, said one of the main problems with people taking anabolic steroids is non-sterile injection.
"If on top of that you super-impose a situation where the materials they're injecting could also be non-sterile I think you've already exacerbated an already serious problem," he added.
The Serious Organised Crime Agency (SOCA) says the steroid trade is closely linked to the supply of class A drugs.
The mark-up in profit on steroids can be around 400% according to the agency.
Professor Martin Davies, a pharmacist working in Newport, said steroid users were increasingly accessing needle exchange programmes, originally aimed at heroin users.
"Going back two to three years the number of (steroid using) clients we were seeing was about three to four percent of those who came in," he said.
Experts warn the next generation of performance enhancing drugs is already emerging – a mixture of bacteria and genes injected into muscles.
Prof Davies said: "The two things I'm always amazed about are the pharmacological knowledge that these people have and how quickly the drugs are made available to body builders. |
CAS News
The BC Gallery
Pending Events
Congratulations to CAS in #PilotsGive!
Congratulations to the College of Arts and Sciences, which placed second in total donors in #PilotsGive! Thanks to your efforts, 128 donors made contributions to CAS, surpassing our minimum goal of 100 donors to unlock the $200,000 pledge from Kunal Nayyar! Great job, everyone! Together, we all add UP!
Filed Under: Alumni, Archives and Museum, Biology, CAS Dean, CAS Highlights, Catholic Studies, Chemistry, CISGO, Clark Library, Communication Studies, English, Environmental Science, Events, Faculty, From The BEACON, Garaventa Center, History, International Languages & Cultures, Internships, Mathematics, Neuroscience, Past Events, Pending Events, Performing and Fine Arts, Philosophy, Physics, Political Science, Profiles, Psychological Sciences, Quick Notes, Slider, Social Justice Program, Social Work, Sociology, Sociology & Social Work, Speaking UP, Speech & Debate Union, Students, Study Abroad, Theology, Uncategorized, UP, UPBeat, Upcoming Events, UPN
Kunal Nayyar '03 Challenge Gift for Performing Arts
Kunal Nayyar '03, star from the Big Bang Theory, has pledged to give $200,000 to support the Performing Arts Department in the College of Arts and Sciences. Kunal hopes to inspire at least 100 donors to make a gift to any designation in the College of Arts and Sciences campaign. When this goal is reached, his gift will provide support for performing arts students and programs.
Join the challenge starting tomorrow at 12:00 p.m.! On April 4-5 from noon to noon, the UP community will come together for our first ever day of giving:#PilotsGive. With nearly $400,000 in challenge funds available, University of Portland has an ambitious goal of securing 1000 donors in one day! #PilotsGive is OUR chance to make UP stronger. pilotsgive.up.edu Together we all add UP!
Dec. 6, 2 p.m; The Slavic Concert, With The Wild Symphony & Special Guests Anastasia & Co.
November 16, 2014 By casdept2
The Wind Symphony is proud to present the American premiere of Boris Kozhevnikov's First Symphony. This performance is presented as part of the Graves Award in the Humanities, won by Patrick Murphy to conduct research in Moscow and bring this composition to American audiences. In addition, junior oboist Janna Riley will solo with the band on Nikolai Rimsky-Korsakov's Variations on a Theme of Glinka. The Wind Symphony also welcomes the Portland/Vancouver Russian community to this concert, and is pleased to share the stage with the Russian/English contemporary Christian band Ana Stasia & Co. Lead singer Anastasia Belonozhko is a former UP student, and she and her band have toured the United States and internationally. This concert is free, but tickets are required. Saturday, December 6 2 p.m., Buckley Center Auditorium
Filed Under: Events, Pending Events, Performing and Fine Arts
Dec. 7, 3:00 p.m; Music For A Winter's Afternoon
The University of Portland Presents Music For A Winter's Afternoon on Sunday December 7th at 3:00 p.m. in Buckley Center Auditorium. This performance will feature both Women's Chorale and Wind Symphony and will be an event you will not want to miss
Feb. 26, 5:00 p.m; ReadUP Community Reading Initiative
Author and John Hopkins humanities professor Alice McDermott will be on campus on February 26, 2015, as a guest of the University's Schoenfeldt Visiting Writers Series. In preparation for her arrival, the provost's office has announced the annual ReadUP community reading initiative. All University community members—students, faculty, staff—are invited to read McDermott's novel, Charming Billy, which won the National Book Award in 1999. Copies of the book can be secured at the Clark Library, and the Barnes and Noble Bookstore in the Pilot House will have an array of McDermott's books for sale at the Schoenfeldt Series book signing on February 26.
All community members will be invited to book discussions facilitated by Fr. Charlie Gordon, C.S.C., Garaventa Center, in the Clark Library conference room:
Wednesday, February 11, 3:30 to 5 p.m.
Thursday, February 19, noon to 1:30 p.m.
Tuesday, February 24, noon to 1:30 p.m.
Schoenfeldt Series events will include an author's reception on Thursday, February 26, from 5 to 6 p.m.; a public lecture by McDermott that night in Buckley Center Auditorium at 7 p.m.; and a book signing immediately following the lecture. ReadUP is sponsored by the provost's office, the Garaventa Center, the Clark Library, student affairs, residence life, and university relations.
Watch for additional information on the ReadUp WordPress site at sites.up.edu/readup, beginning Thursday, November 20.
Filed Under: English, Events, Pending Events, UPBeat Tagged With: UPBEAT
Nov. 13, 7:15 p.m; Reading & Conversation
October 8, 2014 By casdept2
Fr. Pat draws on his experiences as a priest, as well as memories of his childhood, in stories woven with quirky characters and startling insights. He is author of the recently published Sacrament: Personal Encounters with Memories, Wounds, Dreams, and Unruly Hearts. Sponsored by the Garaventa Center. Thursday, November 13 7:15 p.m., Bookstore, Pilot House
Filed Under: Events, Pending Events
Nov. 11, 7:15 p.m; Lecture
Lecture: Why Doesn't Democracy Close Rising Inequalities? UP alumnus Adam Bonica '06 is a political scientist at Stanford University and a chief source of data for celebrity statistician Nate Silver. Before joining the Stanford faculty, he was a fellow at the Center for the Study of Democratic Politics at Princeton University. Sponsored by the Garaventa Center for Catholic Intellectual Life and American Culture. Tuesday, November 11 7:15 p.m., Bauccio Commons
Nov. 4, 7:30; Robin Romm Reading
Robin Romm is the author of two books, a chapbook, and numerous articles and book reviews. Her story collection, The Mother Garden, was a finalist for the PEN USA prize. Her memoir, The Mercy Papers, was named a best book of the year by The New York Times, The San Francisco Chronicle, and Entertainment Weekly. Currently she lives in Portland, Oregon, with her partner, Don Waters, and teaches in the low-residency MFA program in writing at Warren Wilson. Tuesday, November 4 7:30 p.m., Campus Bookstore
Oct. 30, 7 p.m; Brian Doyle Visits Schoenfeldt Writers Series
Brian Doyle, editor of the University of Portland's renowned Portland Magazine, is the author of many books of essays, poems, nonfiction, and fiction, notably the novels Mink River and The Plover. His new collection of essays, Children & Other Wild Animals, will be published in October by Oregon State University Press. His work has been reprinted in the Best American Essays, Best American Science and Nature Writing, and Best Spiritual Writing annual anthologies, and among honors for his headlong prose is the American Academy of Arts and Letters' Award in Literature. Thursday, October 30 7 p.m., Buckley Center Auditorium
Oct. 28, 7:15 p.m; Lecture: The Sistine Chapel History & Meaning
Charles Rosenberg, professor of art history at the University of Notre Dame, will present the annual Hesburgh lecture "The Sistine Chapel History and Meaning." The lecture considers a number of issues relating to the famous Renaissance frescoes covering the walls of the Sistine Chapel including their relationship to the chapel's functions in the past and present. Sponsored by the Garaventa Center and the Notre Dame Alumni Club of Portland. Tuesday, October 28 7:15 p.m., Holy Cross Lounge, 3rd Floor Franz Hall
Filed Under: Events, History, Pending Events
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Get to Know Your CAS
10 Ways to Manage Stress & to Take Care of Yourself!
College is a lot of fun, but it can also be extremely stressful at times. Mackenzie ('22, Mill Creek, WA), is a rising sophomore in CAS at UP, pursuing a degree in Biology with minors in Chemistry … [Read More...] about 10 Ways to Manage Stress & to Take Care of Yourself!
College on a Budget!
So you've moved away from home, and doing the whole "being independent" thing. Perhaps you go to the store by yourself for the first time, and you realize how expensive avocados are, and you wonder … [Read More...] about College on a Budget!
Self-Serve: The Basics
Self-serve is a system accessed through your UP portal that you will utilize often, and grow to love (hopefully, or maybe grow to strongly dislike...we'll see 😉). But in all seriousness, self-serve is … [Read More...] about Self-Serve: The Basics
The College Essentials: Everything You'll Find Beneficial here at UP!
Of course, everyone has their own personal items that they're going to bring to college with them because they can't live without them. Mackenzie ('22) has put together her list of things that she … [Read More...] about The College Essentials: Everything You'll Find Beneficial here at UP!
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Study Abroad Reflection: Sarah '19
Study Abroad Reflection: Sarah '19
Sarah Ponce is a rising senior majoring in Biology and Spanish with a chemistry minor. Her career go…
Study Abroad Experience: Gaby 21'
Study Abroad Experience: Gaby 21′
Gaby (21') is a rising junior studying Political Science and German Studies and minoring in Gender a…
Congratulations to the College of Arts and Sciences, which placed second in total donors…
Kunal Nayyar '03 Challenge Gift for Performing Art…
Kunal Nayyar '03, star from the Big Bang Theory, has pledged to give $200,000 to support the Perfo…
Six Students Awarded Fulbright Grants
Six Students Awarded Fulbright Gran…
Six University of Portland students have been awarded prestigious Fulbright grants to work and study abroad. Four of the Fulbrights are for English teaching positions in Germany, one is for an English…
New Duties For Fr. Art Wheeler
Rev. Art Wheeler, C.S.C., has indicated to the provost that he would like to return to the history…
UP Announces O'Dea International Scholarship
UP Announces O'Dea International Scholarship
The University of Portland has established the O'Dea International Scholarship, endowed by G. Kelly…
Student Wins Cultural Exchange Scholarship
Environmental studies and German studies double major Sarah Letendre (pictured) has been awarded a C…
Remembering the Salzburg experience: former residence director of UP's Salzburg program visited UP for the first time this week
Remembering the Salzburg experience…
By Kathryn Walters | From The Beacon Ask senior Cerice Keller about one of her favorite memories of studying abroad in Salzburg, Austria, and instead of waxing lyrical about the delicious strudel,…
Tops in Fulbrights Again!
From UPBEAT University of Portland has been named the top producer of Fulbright scholars in the nat… |
Bought slightly used, with everything in box!
Superb looking motherboard for the ATX form factor. Many many many options for fan headers... Although when I change cases soon, and get more fans, I WILL need to buy a few splitters and daisy chain a few fans. The RGB on the board, is honestly weak, but that is nothing compared to the endless customization possibilities with actual RGB LED strips! (See picture). Depending on how your case bundles everything, setting up your front panel connectors will be easy, although for me the text on the board was hard to read. Comes with a box chock-full of useful things ranging from stickers, all the way to screws, cables, and the manual.
Why a four star rating!? Well you see, the software that Asus gives you is complete garbage, with the exception of the BIOS. AI suite once installed, basically locked me out of my PC, Once installed and restarted, once Windows 10 starts, you loose all power to your USB ports, which means you will either have to find a way into the recovery options, which for me not knowing any better, was a few restarts away.Eventually had to revert back to a lucky backup.
The person who sold me the motherboard and CPU, was actually kind enough, to take a trip to MicroCenter for me, and pick these up, and I sent him the cash through PayPal, and he shipped them quite quickly to me.
Honestly this is my first bout with DDR4 RAM, so I can't honestly say much about it. Looks cool though, wish it was RGB lmao.
This was given to me for free, by the kind soul who sold me a few parts for this build! Pretty fast for cheaper SSD, actually this is legit, the first SSD i've ever seen in my life, therefore I was absolutely shocked when I saw the size compared to everything else in my build! Software is pretty straight-forward, remember to do the trim thingy when you restart or auto-enable it!
Well these were bought in an emergency during my previous build, when I dropped my main HDD. They work fine considering the fact that I got these refurbished from Newegg for 12 bucks each! They get bogged down a good bit on startup but since I split heavy applications between the second one and my SSD, I never have that much of a problem even though these are only 5400RPM.
Alright, I honestly have to give this card 5 stars, even though I actually regret buying it. It's a budget beast! Atleast... when it first came out. Snapped up during a sale, off Amazon, for a grand total of 120USD + 20 Rushed Shipping or whatever it;s called. Actually managed to get +1000 on the memory clock, and a slight curve OC on the actual GPU clock. The cooling is absolutely superb, compared to my aging EVGA GTX 660 and it's monstrous blower-style cooler! But the reason I regret buying this card, is because I easily could've saved another paycheck or two, to get a 1060 or even a 1070, Because this was long before the BitCoin surge and prices were right!
By far the best-worst Mid-Tower i've ever used! Almost wish I had stayed with my cracked Carbide Spec 01, mostly due to the horrid cable management and airflow! I mean you have to admit, the case is nice looking, and has some killer features, but one that stands out from Phanteks to me, is the lack of RGB support to motherboards! You have to use their GRB LED strips, YEAH GRB! About the airflow, this was uses with a Corsair H100i v2 on a FX-9590 after I tossed the Spec case. I literally had to keep the front panel off, just to get decent airflow to my AIO! The small slits make a hard time for any fans sucking air through, At one point I flipped my fans in favor of a blower build! Currently using 4 fans on this radiator!
First and last PSU i've ever bought in my entire life!
Although this a Semi-Modulat PSU, it got the job done! That's all you need to know to be honest! Never had a single problem, even with my 9590, even though it turned into a dragon when loaded.
Great fans for the price, nice LEDS which in DC power mode, get dimmer when your fans go off if you use fan stop any bit.
Yet another "curvy" Wal-Mart impulse buy when I got my first job, and I don't regret it at all!
Great monitor, if you can get it at a decent price, but for the size, the resolution can be a slight problem, that is if you sit relatively close to it!
Ended up buying two of these at various prices from Newegg, only had issues with one, so a 1:2 issue rate for me. The monitors are overall great, but the speakers are trash (What maniac buys a monitor for the speakers anyways!?), Only problem I've had will be pictured, a slight light leak on the bezel, and a weird HDMI glitch where I have to unplug the cable every once in a while.
Superb mouse for the 10 dollars I spent!
So my mouse's buttons ceases to work during a Battlefield 4 match, so I hit up my local Wally World *Got the Samsung monitor at the same time). They had the mouse on sale for a total of 15USD, and I snatched it up fast! The quality is superb, I've always admired Steel Series for their quality control. There is a DPI key if you're into that kinda stuff, I don;t judge. The back and forward keys make a superb PTT Key for Discord, and other VOIP programs! Although I suggest having one bound to your keyboard also, as these function as forward and back keys in any web browser. Also this is RGB!
I see the same monitor in my Walmart. Been thinking bout it since I see it all the time in my dept. What do you think bout it?
It's actually a nice monitor, and thanks for reminding me to update pictures of this build. The resolution is the standard 1920x1080 and it has Freesync which is useless to me. But after. While you start to notice the curve less. Overall it's great though, love the menu joystick thing instead of normal buttons.
Yeah not a mechanical keyboard. Says so right on the product page. " Logitech Mech-Dome keys that are specially tuned to deliver a superior tactile response and performance profile similar to a mechanical keyboard" |
Knee Hi Fringe Boot. Soft suede leather fashioned into beautiful knee hi styles. Thin Crepe outsole, cushioned insoles. Cut from only the best leathers. Crafted in the most popular best-selling styles. Combining the best fitting qualities and long-lasting comfort. |
fiffdimension
Alternative music from Aotearoa and beyond
Dave Edwards
The Electricka Zoo
Ascension Band
Posted on 06/01/2019 Updated on 26/01/2019
The year got off to a good start, with Ascension Band: Evolution
The successful collaboration with Nigel Patterson, Ryan Prebble, and over a dozen other musicians, from jazz-schooled to untrained punks, won the best music award in the NZ Fringe Festival.
I had my first taste of success (the fame part of Fame & Oblivion 2005-2012)…
Melbourne, VIC, Australia 2005
…But by this time I was ready to see the world beyond Aotearoa. I shifted across the Tasman Sea to Melbourne – in Australia, the West Island.
For the next few months I lived in Brunswick, and worked in temp jobs around the city and in rural Victoria.
The results became After Maths & Sciences
This entry was posted in 2005, Australia, Music, New Zealand, Travel and tagged 2000s music, 2005, acoustic, acoustic guitar, alternative, Ascension Band, Australia, avant-garde, banjo, Dave Black, Dave Edwards, drums, electric, electric guitar, ethnomusicology, experimental, field recordings, Melbourne, Mike Kingston, New Zealand music, Nigel Patterson, Ryan Prebble, Wellington.
Ascension Band 2005
"With elements of punk, post-punk, jazz, classical, straight rock, opera and music hall, the Ascension Band are that rare thing: Something Wholly Other. They retain avant garde cred and still manage to rock harder than AC/DC." – www.varsity.co.nz
This riff
by organist/conductor/arranger Nigel Patterson (The Black Seeds, The Manta Rays, Fly My Pretties), guitarist & organiser Dave Edwards (fiffdimension, The Winter), and over a dozen musicians on guitars, basses, drums, electronics, keyboards, trumpets and vocals, was the seed that grew into a full scale electric symphony: Evolution.
"The 50-minute piece of music, broken down into six movements, was performed live over a few nights for the Fringe Festival in 2005; the group taking out the Best Music Award.
"It was stunning. Discordant guitars were choked, drums clattered and crashed, voices mingled with percussion and keyboards – but this form of free-improvisation had a structure to it. It had movement, it had a plan. It was a great beast of a song that writhed and wriggled and often managed to run downhill, away from the players – in the best possible way.
"Here, the show has been recorded onto a CD for posterity – and it begs discovery. It's an intense listen – but that's to be expected from a group of players who took their name from one of John Coltrane's toughest listening albums." – Simon Sweetman
Dave Edwards – electric guitar & electronics
Nigel Patterson – hammond organ & conductor
Will Rattray – electric guitar
Bell Murphy – bass
Warwick Donald – bass
Murray Stewart – keyboards
Damian 'Frey' Stewart – laptop
Ryan Prebble – tone generator
Sam Jenks – trumpet
Felicity Perry – vocal
Atushi Iseki – vocal
Matt Baxter – drums
Greta Welson – drums
An earlier lineup of the group performed at the Meatwaters Festival at Happy in Wellington, 2004
Give credit to the artist
Distribute all derivative works under the same license
This entry was posted in 2005, Free mp3s, Music, New Zealand, video and tagged 2000s music, 2004, alternative, Ascension Band, avant-garde, Bell Murphy, Best Music award, Dave Edwards, drums, electric, electric guitar, Free mp3s, Frey, Fringe Festival, improvisation, kiwi, music, New Zealand Fringe Festival, New Zealand music, Newtown Community Centre, Nigel Patterson, piano, punk, rock, Ryan Prebble, Sam Jenks, Wellington, Wil Rattray.
Fame & Oblivion: 2005-2012
"This is something that he has to do, that he will do, come fame or oblivion" –Chris Knox
Now available on Spotify, iTunes, Bandcamp, Deezer etc
fiffdimension vol2, a sequel to Gleefully Unknown: 1997-2005, sees increasingly wide-ranging experimentation and exploration both sonically and geographically, from New Zealand and beyond to Australia and East Asia, and a reinvention as Dave Black.
Whereas Gleefully Unknown: 1997-2005 showed a youthful kiwi fusion of songs with avant-garde spoken word and instrumental pieces, Fame & Oblivion: 2005-2012 documents me in my late 20s and early 30s moving beyond these parameters.
My approach became less introspective and more journalistic – thanks to new influences from years spent living abroad in Australia, South Korea and Japan. New elements include the banjo, electronica, field recordings, multimedia performances, and touches of traditional Asian music. I also adopted the moniker Dave Black, to differentiate from my earlier works.
The third part of the trilogy, Other Islands: 2012-2018, documents my return to NZ via other Asia Pacific countries, and more recent works.
Featuring tracks from the albums
Ascension Band: Evolution (2005)
After Maths & Sciences (2005-2006)
South Island Sessions (2006)
First Time Around: East Asia (2008)
The Winter: 2011 (2011)
The Winter: Exit Points (2010/2015)
ネオン列車の風景 Neon Train Landscapes (2010-2015)
and previously unheard tracks
First Time Around: East Asia (2007-2008)
The Winter: 2011
Neon Train Landscapes (2010-2015)
by Dave Black (acoustic & electric guitars, banjo, harmonica, laptop, bass, tenor saxophone, field recordings, piano, gayageum, vocal), with
Mike Kingston (acoustic guitar),
Simon Sweetman (percussion),
Nat da Hatt (electric guitar, keyboards),
Cylvi M (vocal, field recordings, percussion, shakuhachi),
Hayden Gifkins (electric guitar),
Nigel Patterson (hammond organ),
Ryan Prebble (tone generator),
Matthew Thornicroft (electric guitar),
Jeff Henderson (drums),
Noel Meek (vocal),
Clever Hansel (ukulele)
and field recordings from Australia, South Korea, Thailand, Mongolia, and Japan.
If you enjoy this, try the first volume Gleefully Unknown: 1997-2005 and the third, Other Islands: 2012-2018
This entry was posted in 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008, 2009, 2010, 2011, 2012, Asia, Australia, Best of, Japan, Korea, Mongolia, Music, New Zealand, Thailand and tagged 2000s music, acoustic, acoustic guitar, Asia, Australia, avant-garde, banjo, clarinet, Cylvi M, Dave Black, Dave Edwards, electric, electric guitar, electroacoustic, ethnomusicology, experimental, field recordings, fiffdimension, folk, harmonica, improvisation, kiwi, korea, nat da hatt, New Nealand, New Zealand music, piano, rock, saxophone, songs, spoken word, Wellington, world.
Gleefully Unknown: 1997-2005
"Whilst shopping from fiffdimension make sure to get hold of 'Gleefully Unknown', a best-of compilation of Dave Edwards' music from 1997 to 2005. Rough outsider folk-blues mysteries, dissonant rock textures, electric and acoustic improvisations…
"Edwards strikes me as one of the most overlooked musicians from the fertile lands of New Zealand and if you need a fresh start this might very well be the place." – Mats Gustafsson, The Broken Face
Now available from Spotify, Bandcamp etc
A compilation of songs, spoken word and instrumentals from the first half of my gloriously unsuccessful career to date:
by Dave Edwards (acoustic & electric guitars, harmonica, bass, banjo, vocal)
Mike Kingston (cello, acoustic guitar),
Paul Winstanley (fretless bass, turntables),
Cylvi M (percussion),
Simon O'Rorke (percussion),
Francesca Mountfort (cello),
Jeff Henderson (clarinet),
Blair Latham (alto sax),
Sam Prebble (violin, percussion),
Chris Palmer (electric guitar),
Chris O'Connor (drums),
Antony Milton (violin, keyboards),
Frey (laptop),
Dean Brown (drums)
Scratched Surface (1997-1998)
in the non-idiomatic idiom in Norway (1999/2014)
The Marion Flow (1999-2001)
Mantis Shaped and Worrying (2002)
The Winter: Parataxes (2003)
Loose Autumn Moans (2003)
Live 2004 (2004)
Scratched Surface, 1998
Dadapapa, 1999
The Marion Flow (2001)
The Winter: Swansong (for the Huia) (2004)
… if you enjoy this, try the sequels Fame & Oblivion: 2005-2012 and Other Islands: 2012-2018
Other Islands: 2012-2018
This entry was posted in 1997, 1998, 1999, 2000, 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, Best of, Music, New Zealand and tagged 1990s music, 1997, 1998, 1999, 2000, 2000s music, 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, acoustic, acoustic guitar, cello, Chris O'Connor, Chris Palmer, Dave Edwards, early 2000s music, electric, electric guitar, experimental, fiffdimension, folk, harmonica, improvisation, kiwi, Mike Kingston, New Plymouth, new zealand, New Zealand music, Paul Winstanley, postpunk, Simon O'Rorke, Simon Sweetman, songs, spoken word, Taranaki, Wellington.
After Maths & Sciences
An Australian novel for the ear, recorded in Melbourne VIC and Gosford NSW in 2005 – by kiwis.
Here's the music video for The Greenhough (free mp3) The sounds were recorded in Victoria (and a few seconds in South Australia) but the video footage was taken in Queensland!
Music by Dave Black – banjo, dictaphone, laptop, acoustic guitar, harmonica, drums / Cylvi Manthyng – phat beatz, shaker, shakuhachi / Francesca Mountfort – cello / Mike Kingston – acoustic guitar / various Australians
2006 | Reviewed by Simon Sweetman
"After Maths & Sciences was recorded by Dave Black (some may know him as David A. Edwards, and if you don't, then check his website, or the compilation of earlier recordings,Gleefully Unknown 1997-2005) in two parts: From May-July of 2005 in Melbourne, during the winter….
This entry was posted in 2005, 2006, Australia, Free mp3s, Music, video and tagged acoustic guitar, alt country, Australia, avant-garde, banjo, country, Cronulla Riots, Cylvi M, Dave Black, dictaphone, electroacoustic, experimental, field recordings, fiffdimension, Francesca Mountfort, Free mp3s, Gippsland, Gosford, Journalism, Melbourne, Mike Kingston, music, New South Wales.
1856 1999 2001 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2011 2012 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 Asia Australia Best of Fiji First Time Around Free mp3s genealogy Indonesia Japan Korea Mongolia Music New Zealand Thailand the Electricka Zoo The Winter Travel video
19th century 1990s music 2000s music 2010s music acoustic acoustic guitar alternative Asia avant-garde banjo bass Cylvi M Dave Black Dave Edwards drums electric electric guitar electroacoustic electronica ethnomusicology experimental field recordings fiffdimension folk Free improv Free mp3s gamelan Gamelan Padhang Moncar harmonica improvisation Indonesia Japan kiwi Mike Kingston music nat da hatt New Plymouth new zealand New Zealand music noise Paul Winstanley percussion postpunk psychedelic rock rock saxophone Simon O'Rorke Simon Sweetman Snake Beings songs Southeast Asia spoken word Taranaki the Digitator The Winter travel video Wairarapa Wellington 日本
New Year's Day 2020
2019 roundup
Huia Vortex
The Marion Flow (part 2, Wellington 2001)
with Snake Beings in Fiji
Here's a Health to my Cronies (by John Collie, 1856)
11 through the viewer 7
Crossing the Japan Alps 飛騨山脈日本
Yogyakarta, Indonesia
The Marion Flow, March 2019
Follow fiffdimension on WordPress.com |
Q: Spring Boot Webapp: Get Hibernate to use log4j I have a spring boot web application. Trying to customize the logging. I understand the difference between slf4j and log4j. I am required in this case to use log4j. For the most part it's working how I want.
The catch is, Hibernate is printing SQL queries to the console and based on the format I'm thinking that it's not using log4j at all. I'd like to do further customization of what Hibernate is logging. Most of the advice I see assumes that Hibernate is logging via log4j. How would I get hibernate to use log4j as its logging framework?
I tried excluding jboss logging, then I learned that jboss is actually a facade sort of like slf4j, so excluding it didn't seem to solve the problem (and when I got particularly aggressive about it, application failed to launch)
I don't yet know how exactly jboss or hibernate is configured. I am new at this, so I would greatly appreciate if you include a reasonably detailed description of how to implement your suggested solution.
Update:
Someone asked, yes, I am using Maven.
I followed directions on a Spring Boot page in order to exclude logback so that spring boot instead uses log4j. I am sure now that the majority of the application is logging with log4j - either directly or through slf4j - since the system is doing as my log4j configuration file instructs.
Whether the application is using log4j directly, or slf4j, is an important piece of the puzzle and that is something I will have to check. As to what in the world Hibernate is doing, that I don't know yet. I will provide further updates as I carry out the suggestions that I've been given.
Many thanks for all your help and advice!
Maven dependency:tree is as follows:
[INFO] [dependency:tree {execution: default-cli}]
[INFO] <redacted>
[INFO] +- <redacted>
[INFO] +- <redacted>
[INFO] | +- log4j:log4j:jar:1.2.17:compile (version managed from 1.2.16)
[INFO] | \- commons-codec:commons-codec:jar:1.3:compile
[INFO] +- <redacted>
[INFO] | +- org.springframework:spring-context:jar:4.1.5.RELEASE:compile (version managed from 3.1.1.RELEASE)
[INFO] | +- org.springframework:spring-beans:jar:4.1.5.RELEASE:compile
[INFO] | +- org.springframework:spring-orm:jar:4.1.5.RELEASE:compile (version managed from 3.1.1.RELEASE)
[INFO] | | \- org.springframework:spring-jdbc:jar:4.1.5.RELEASE:compile
[INFO] | +- org.slf4j:slf4j-api:jar:1.7.10:compile (version managed from 1.5.11)
[INFO] | +- org.slf4j:jcl-over-slf4j:jar:1.7.10:compile (version managed from 1.5.11)
[INFO] | +- org.slf4j:slf4j-log4j12:jar:1.7.10:compile (version managed from 1.5.11)
[INFO] | \- c3p0:c3p0:jar:0.9.1:compile
[INFO] +- org.springframework.boot:spring-boot-starter-web:jar:1.2.2.RELEASE:compile
[INFO] | +- org.springframework.boot:spring-boot-starter:jar:1.2.2.RELEASE:compile
[INFO] | | +- org.springframework.boot:spring-boot:jar:1.2.2.RELEASE:compile
[INFO] | | \- org.springframework.boot:spring-boot-autoconfigure:jar:1.2.2.RELEASE:compile
[INFO] | | \- org.yaml:snakeyaml:jar:1.14:compile
[INFO] | +- com.fasterxml.jackson.core:jackson-databind:jar:2.4.5:compile
[INFO] | | +- com.fasterxml.jackson.core:jackson-annotations:jar:2.4.5:compile (version managed from 2.4.0)
[INFO] | | \- com.fasterxml.jackson.core:jackson-core:jar:2.4.5:compile
[INFO] | +- org.hibernate:hibernate-validator:jar:5.1.3.Final:compile
[INFO] | | +- javax.validation:validation-api:jar:1.1.0.Final:compile
[INFO] | | \- com.fasterxml:classmate:jar:1.0.0:compile
[INFO] | +- org.springframework:spring-core:jar:4.1.5.RELEASE:compile
[INFO] | +- org.springframework:spring-web:jar:4.1.5.RELEASE:compile
[INFO] | \- org.springframework:spring-webmvc:jar:4.1.5.RELEASE:compile
[INFO] +- org.springframework.boot:spring-boot-starter-log4j:jar:1.2.2.RELEASE:compile
[INFO] | \- org.slf4j:jul-to-slf4j:jar:1.7.10:compile
[INFO] +- org.springframework.boot:spring-boot-starter-ws:jar:1.2.2.RELEASE:compile
[INFO] | +- org.springframework:spring-jms:jar:4.1.5.RELEASE:compile
[INFO] | | \- org.springframework:spring-messaging:jar:4.1.5.RELEASE:compile
[INFO] | +- org.springframework:spring-oxm:jar:4.1.5.RELEASE:compile
[INFO] | +- org.springframework.ws:spring-ws-core:jar:2.2.0.RELEASE:compile
[INFO] | \- org.springframework.ws:spring-ws-support:jar:2.2.0.RELEASE:compile
[INFO] +- org.springframework.boot:spring-boot-starter-data-jpa:jar:1.2.2.RELEASE:compile
[INFO] | +- org.springframework.boot:spring-boot-starter-aop:jar:1.2.2.RELEASE:compile
[INFO] | | +- org.aspectj:aspectjrt:jar:1.8.5:compile
[INFO] | | \- org.aspectj:aspectjweaver:jar:1.8.5:compile
[INFO] | +- org.springframework.boot:spring-boot-starter-jdbc:jar:1.2.2.RELEASE:compile
[INFO] | | \- org.apache.tomcat:tomcat-jdbc:jar:8.0.20:compile
[INFO] | | \- org.apache.tomcat:tomcat-juli:jar:8.0.20:compile
[INFO] | +- javax.transaction:javax.transaction-api:jar:1.2:compile
[INFO] | +- org.springframework.data:spring-data-jpa:jar:1.7.2.RELEASE:compile
[INFO] | | \- org.springframework.data:spring-data-commons:jar:1.9.2.RELEASE:compile
[INFO] | \- org.springframework:spring-aspects:jar:4.1.5.RELEASE:compile
[INFO] +- org.springframework.boot:spring-boot-starter-security:jar:1.2.2.RELEASE:compile
[INFO] | +- org.springframework:spring-expression:jar:4.1.5.RELEASE:compile
[INFO] | +- org.springframework.security:spring-security-config:jar:3.2.6.RELEASE:compile
[INFO] | | +- aopalliance:aopalliance:jar:1.0:compile
[INFO] | | \- org.springframework.security:spring-security-core:jar:3.2.6.RELEASE:compile
[INFO] | +- org.springframework.security:spring-security-web:jar:3.2.6.RELEASE:compile
[INFO] | \- org.springframework:spring-aop:jar:4.1.5.RELEASE:compile
[INFO] +- org.springframework.boot:spring-boot-starter-test:jar:1.2.2.RELEASE:test
[INFO] | +- junit:junit:jar:4.12:test
[INFO] | +- org.hamcrest:hamcrest-library:jar:1.3:test
[INFO] | \- org.springframework:spring-test:jar:4.1.5.RELEASE:test
[INFO] +- org.powermock:powermock-reflect:jar:1.6.1:test
[INFO] +- org.powermock:powermock-module-junit4:jar:1.6.1:test
[INFO] | \- org.powermock:powermock-module-junit4-common:jar:1.6.1:test
[INFO] | \- org.powermock:powermock-core:jar:1.6.1:test
[INFO] +- org.powermock:powermock-api-mockito:jar:1.6.1:test
[INFO] | +- org.mockito:mockito-all:jar:1.10.8:test
[INFO] | \- org.powermock:powermock-api-support:jar:1.6.1:test
[INFO] +- org.mockito:mockito-core:jar:1.10.8:compile
[INFO] | +- org.hamcrest:hamcrest-core:jar:1.3:runtime
[INFO] | \- org.objenesis:objenesis:jar:2.1:runtime
[INFO] +- org.hibernate:hibernate-core:jar:4.3.8.Final:compile
[INFO] | +- org.jboss.logging:jboss-logging:jar:3.1.3.GA:compile
[INFO] | +- org.jboss.logging:jboss-logging-annotations:jar:1.2.0.Beta1:compile
[INFO] | +- org.jboss.spec.javax.transaction:jboss-transaction-api_1.2_spec:jar:1.0.0.Final:compile
[INFO] | +- dom4j:dom4j:jar:1.6.1:compile
[INFO] | | \- xml-apis:xml-apis:jar:1.0.b2:compile
[INFO] | +- org.hibernate.common:hibernate-commons-annotations:jar:4.0.5.Final:compile
[INFO] | +- org.hibernate.javax.persistence:hibernate-jpa-2.1-api:jar:1.0.0.Final:compile
[INFO] | +- org.javassist:javassist:jar:3.18.1-GA:compile
[INFO] | +- antlr:antlr:jar:2.7.7:compile
[INFO] | \- org.jboss:jandex:jar:1.1.0.Final:compile
[INFO] +- org.hibernate:hibernate-entitymanager:jar:4.3.8.Final:compile
[INFO] +- javax.transaction:jta:jar:1.1:compile
[INFO] +- org.springframework.boot:spring-boot-starter-tomcat:jar:1.2.2.RELEASE:provided
[INFO] | +- org.apache.tomcat.embed:tomcat-embed-core:jar:8.0.20:provided
[INFO] | +- org.apache.tomcat.embed:tomcat-embed-el:jar:8.0.20:provided
[INFO] | +- org.apache.tomcat.embed:tomcat-embed-logging-juli:jar:8.0.20:provided
[INFO] | \- org.apache.tomcat.embed:tomcat-embed-websocket:jar:8.0.20:provided
[INFO] +- org.apache.ws.security:wss4j:jar:1.6.15:compile
[INFO] | +- commons-logging:commons-logging:jar:1.1.1:compile
[INFO] | +- org.apache.santuario:xmlsec:jar:1.5.6:compile
[INFO] | \- org.opensaml:opensaml:jar:2.5.1-1:compile
[INFO] | \- org.opensaml:openws:jar:1.4.2-1:compile
[INFO] | \- org.opensaml:xmltooling:jar:1.3.2-1:compile
[INFO] | \- joda-time:joda-time:jar:2.5:compile (version managed from 1.6.2)
[INFO] +- org.codehaus.jackson:jackson-mapper-asl:jar:1.9.0:compile
[INFO] | \- org.codehaus.jackson:jackson-core-asl:jar:1.9.0:compile
[INFO] +- org.springframework.ws:spring-ws-security:jar:2.2.0.RELEASE:compile
[INFO] | +- org.springframework.ws:spring-xml:jar:2.2.0.RELEASE:compile
[INFO] | \- org.springframework:spring-tx:jar:4.1.5.RELEASE:compile
[INFO] +- com.oracle:ojdbc14:jar:10.2.0.4:compile
[INFO] +- org.apache.httpcomponents:httpclient:jar:4.3.5:compile
[INFO] | \- org.apache.httpcomponents:httpcore:jar:4.3.2:compile
[INFO] +- org.json:json:jar:20140107:compile
[INFO] +- org.springframework:spring-context-support:jar:4.1.3.RELEASE:compile
[INFO] +- net.sf.ehcache:ehcache:jar:2.9.1:compile
[INFO] \- <redacted>
A: You can use slf4j with log4j.
Are you using maven? If so, can you post your pom.xml dependencies related to either slf4j or log4j?
Also, check out this link: http://www.mkyong.com/hibernate/how-to-configure-log4j-in-hibernate-project/
For log4j 1.2.x, the following maven dependency will get you up and running with your slf4j log messages in your log4j appenders:
<!-- slf4j-log4j -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.slf4j</groupId>
<artifactId>slf4j-log4j12</artifactId>
<version>1.6.1</version>
</dependency>
For log4j 2.x, the following maven dependency will get you up and running with your slf4j log messages in your log4j appenders:
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.apache.logging.log4j</groupId>
<artifactId>log4j-slf4j-impl</artifactId>
<version>2.2</version>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
Hope that helps!
A: log4j is a logging api, slf4j is ab abstraction on top of various supported logging apis
I suspect in your case you are using straight log4j and hibernate logging is done through slf4j which gets binded with some other implementation (other than log4j), try to find out what logging it gets binded to or from your maven dependency tree
remove all slf4j-* (except for slfj-api) and place as runtime dependency slf4j-log4j, that will bind slf4j calls to log4j and it will refer to log4j.properties placed in classpath and respect that
|
You can do it yes. How to assemble iPhone 8 back housing?
The rice trick doesn't generally work. You need your phone looked at by a repairer to see if the board has caused some damage and you may find you will need a new screen due to the water damage too.
Hi, You've answered your own question really. It could be a loose connection or it can be an after effect of the water damage. I wouldn't say he should repair it for free unless he gave you warranty that it wouldn't have any further issues. If I was him (as a repairer myself) would look at it again for free as you've already been back once. See what the diagnosis is. The video card board on their could have after damage markings so it may need a new replacement board, Really depends how bad the water damage was on the inside.
Seems like a bad connection with your 3G board that antenna. Does your phone show any signal from your service provider? You might need to replace your phone antenna.
From the sounds of it he didnt know too much of what he was doing or how to do it! You can buy a backlight board from any good parts supplier. I personally wouldnt have soldered it as its close to the LCD and you dont want to damage that too. What you need to do is disconnect the battery BEFORE anything else that you do. I'd put a new screen on where the backlight is already fitted. or take it to somewhere else that has experience in changing screens.
It would be needed, highly advisable as it will stop the logic board from touching the bare metal and stop it shorting out thus leaving the phone useless and damaged.
Thats a faulty battery where its not holding its charge. It will say its charged but the cells are damaged so soon as you disconnect the battery it will shut off.
That will very very likely to be your mic on the bottom of your phone has had some damage to it internally or is dusty and blocked up. You'd need someone who knows what they are doing to take a look and clear it out for you. Using a needle or pick is not a good idea as you could damage it.
Hi, 1st where did you buy it from and did you pay via PayPal or credit card? 2nd are the pins broken off at the bent? |
Q: Add multiple line in Row Widget I have wrapped 3 Text in Row, but get exceptions. How can I make them displayed multiple line ?
Row(children: [
Text("this is text 1 bla bla bla"),
Text("this is text 2 bla bla bla"),
Text("this is text 3 bla bla bla"),
],),
Error
════════ Exception caught by rendering library ═════════════════════════════════
A RenderFlex overflowed by 26 pixels on the right.
The relevant error-causing widget was
Row
A: You can use Flexible to solve this
Row(children: [
Flexible(child: Text("this is text 1 bla bla bla")),
Flexible(child: Text("this is text 2 bla bla bla")),
Flexible(child: Text("this is text 3 bla bla bla")),
])
Or you can use Wrap to show as a grid
Wrap(children: [
Text("this is text 1 bla bla bla"),
Text("this is text 2 bla bla bla"),
Text("this is text 3 bla bla bla"),
])
|
design is, is a theoretical question. Not an ad hominem attack.
question of theory and conceptualisation. Again, hence my question.
the posts and questions - for all of us.
These are issues of professional process, rather than debate.
you begin with blunt assertions that you treat as self-evident propositions.
to demonstrate the value of your earlier assertions or to answer questions.
on the topic to an ad hominem attempt to discredit the people.
managed a publishing firm, I'd say this cannot be the case.
outside and beyond the illustrator's own world of reflection and feeling.
questions of original context against the current context of today's reader.
number of extremely different answers would have been possible.
2012; Salisbury and Tordo 2005).
There is no need to suspect anything. Martin has made a full confession.
within his fields of expertise, this is not the case.
that people ask and without developing the argument.
This is not an issue specific to this thread, but to the style of debate.
This has often happened before.
for Publication. New York: Barron's Educational.
of Visual Storytelling. London: Laurence King.
: Imaginer, créer, se faire éditer. Paris: Eyrolles. |
Guillermo del Toro and Scary Stories to Tell in the Dark Is a Match Made in Hell
Katharine Trendacosta
Guillermo del Toro is starting development on the Scary Stories to Tell in the Dark movie. This is great news! Not just because of how good del Toro is, but because he's a fan of the source material.
When last we heard about this movie, John August was being hired to write the script. Deadline, which had the exclusive, says that it's August's script that is in del Toro's hands now. Del Toro is signed on to produce the movie and to potentially direct, although any chance of him directing is probably going to depend on his schedule, which is packed full of both confirmed and rumored projects.
Del Toro confirmed his involvement with this tweet:
We still don't know what the plot of the movie looks like—which means that, in my imagination, it's "The Wendigo," a twisted tale that still freaks me right out. But everyone's going to fight about it, I'm sure. The solution is obviously for del Toro and company to make an ongoing anthology series.
Hope that del Toro is able to take the director's chair after all, since his live-action realizations of Stephen Gammell's iconic artwork should prove terrifying in all the best ways.
Contact the author at katharine@io9.com.
Quick reminder because this comes up every time Scary Stories to Tell in the Dark comes up: yes, we all like the Stephen Gammel illustrations way more, and the Brett Helquist illustrations that HarperCollins puts out really detract from the stories and lack the punch of Gammel's work. But! BUT.
But the Gammel-illustrated books are still available! Scholastic Books has licensed the Scary Stories to Tell in the Dark series for distribution in the school market (through Scholastic Reading Clubs and Book Fairs). Because they've got the license, they print their own versions of the books, typically to reduce the cost to the consumer—the goal of Scholastic Reading Clubs is to get as many books into as many children's hands as possible, for as low a cost as possible to parents and teachers. And because they have the license to print their own copies, you better believe they print them with the Gammel illustrations.
All that to say that if your kid is picking up and reading Scary Stories in school, it's still probably scaring the living shit out of them. |
News | More PlayStation exclusive content revealed for Marvel's Avengers
After yesterday's reveal that Spider-Man is only available on PlayStation consoles in the upcoming Marvel's Avengers game, even more Sony exclusive content has been announced.
These include in-game special events, rewards, and 30 days earlier access to certain cosmetic items for all heroes. Developer Crystal Dynamics names the Legendary Outfit, Legendary Emote, Epic Takedown and a nameplate for each new hero coming out. That includes the six heroes that are playable at the release of the game.
In a post on PlayStation Blog, Crystal Dynamics also explains that PlayStation players can play exclusive challenges in the game. These are so-called Community Challenges, in which all players have to work together to achieve a larger goal. A number of challenges that are exclusive to PlayStation are underway.
Publisher Square Enix announced yesterday that superhero Spider-Man will only be playable by owners of a PlayStation console. The news received a lot of criticism on social media. Some gamers don't consider it fair that Xbox and PC players, who pay the same amount of money for their game, get less content. |
The standard is the first protocol of its kind that focuses on improving the health and wellbeing of building occupants.
The International Well Building Institute (IWBI) kicked off a peer review process for the WELL Building Standard. The process will include three phases—a scientific, practitioner and medical review. Late this year, the results will be reflected in the release of v1.0 of the standard.
The standard is the first protocol of its kind that focuses on improving human wellness within the built environment by identifying specific conditions that, when holistically integrated into building interiors, enhance the health and wellbeing of the occupants.
The first phase—a thorough review of the underlying science behind the standard — will focus on performance benchmarks such as air and water contaminants, the relationship between indoor lighting and circadian rhythm, and mold and other biological contaminants. Later this year, two additional steps in the process towards v1.0 will include engaging with leading building and medical practitioners for further review and refinement of the standard.
The peer review will be transparent, and will include a published roster of contributing physicians, researchers, and practitioners. In addition, aggregated comments from the peer review will be published online along with an explanation of how the WELL Building Standard evolved as a result of this input. |
Tag Archives: Iron Man
Comic Review: Nick Fury, Agent of S.H.I.E.L.D – Masterworks, Vol. 3
December 31, 2021 by Talking Pulp in Comic Review, Reviews and tagged action, adventure, Ant-Man, Archie Goodwin, Avengers, Baron Strucker, Barry Windsor-Smith, book, Captain America, Captain Marvel (Mar-Vell), comics, Dick Ayers, Gary Friedrich, Goliath, Hate-Monger, Herb Trimpe, Hydra, Iron Man, Jim Steranko, Marvel, Nick Fury, review, Rick Jones, Roy Thomas, Sal Buscema, sci-fi, Scorpio (Marvel), spy, superhero, The Vision, thriller, Wasp, Yellow Claw | Leave a comment
Published: February 15th, 2018
Written by: Jim Steranko, Gary Friedrich, Roy Thomas, Archie Goodwin, Ernie Hart, Steve Parkhouse
Art by: Jim Steranko, Frank Springer, Herb Trimpe, Barry Windsor-Smith, Dick Ayers, Sal Buscema
Marvel Comics, 309 Pages
I started with Masterworks, Vol. 3 because it is a collection of what's considered to be the most beloved work featuring Nick Fury, as the solo star of his own stories.
This also takes the character, puts him in S.H.I.E.L.D. and makes him a cool, hip superspy, as opposed to a military hero on the battlefields of war.
Marvel, like everyone else at the time, wanted to capitalize off of the '60s spy craze that started with the first James Bond film, Dr. No in 1962. That movie inspired its own sequels, a slew of rip-offs, parodies, pulp novels and comics. So, instead of creating a new character, Marvel reworked one that was already pretty popular but existed in a genre that was drying up.
A lot of this is written and has art done by Jim Steranko. A lot of people worked on the issues in this collection, though, but Steranko is the guy that has always been given most of the credit for this groovy reinvention of Nick Fury.
Tapping into the '60s era spy genre, this is trippy and colorful and it stands out in a really unique way when compared to the other Marvel titles of the time. I love the hell out of the art and the style in these comics and it's why I've picked up a lot of the single issues, over the years.
I was never as captivated by the stories, as much as I was by the visuals, however. But the stuff featuring Nick Fury fighting Hydra and the multi-issue arc pitting him against the Hate-Monger were really damn enjoyable.
I never got to read all of these issues and experience the bigger picture. I'm glad that I finally did, though, as it's really different than what was the standard '60s Marvel fare. Plus, it's also infinitely better than anything Marvel's doing these days.
Comic Review: Captain America – Epic Collection: Streets of Poison
December 17, 2021 by Talking Pulp in Comic Review, Reviews and tagged action, adventure, Ant-Man, Arnim Zola, Avengers, Baron Strucker, Battlestar/Bucky II, Black Widow, book, Bullseye, Captain America, comics, Count Nefaria, crime, Crossbones, D-Man, Daredevil, Diamondback (Rachel Leighton), Fabian Nicieza, Falcon, Hawkeye, Hydra, Iron Man, Jim Valentino, King Cobra, M.O.D.O.K., Man-Wolf, Mark Bagley, Mark Gruenwald, Marvel, Moonstone, Nick Fury, Nomad, Paladin, Peggy Carter, Quasar, Rage (Marvel), Red Skull, review, Ron Lim, Roy Thomas, sci-fi, Serpent Society, Sersi, She-Hulk, superhero, The Kingpin, The Sandman (Marvel), The Vision, Thor, Typhoid Mary, US Agent, Viper, Wasp, werewolves, Winter Soldier, Wonder Man | Leave a comment
Published: June 17th, 2015
Written by: Mark Gruenwald, D.G. Chichester, Randall Frenz, Fabian Nicieza, Dann Thomas, Roy Thomas
Art by: Larry Alexander, Mark Bagley, Ron Frenz, Don Hudson, Ron Lim, Mike Manley, Chris Marrinan, Jim Valentino, Ron Wilson
I really liked the Streets of Poison storyline when I was a kid. I was also really pumped to jump right into this Epic Collection, as the previous one was pretty exceptional.
However, this didn't read as good as it did when I was eleven years-old but lots of things don't and that also doesn't mean this was bad.
I like this era of Captain America and revisiting it makes me appreciate it even more, even if it's not as perfect as I remembered it.
This kicks off with the Streets of Poison arc, which is highlighted by a fight between Red Skull and the Kingpin. I thought that this rivalry between the two villains and everything leading up to their fight was really solid. You had Crossbones trying to take out Kingpin with Bullseye trying to take out Red Skull and the two assassins having their own fight. Additionally, Captain America fights both of them as well.
My only real gripe about the story was how being exposed to drugs altered Cap's behavior pretty immensely. It bonded with the super solider serum in his body and the only way to cure Cap was to remove his blood and fix the serum. However, Cap, being strongly anti-drug after this experience, rejected the serum and decided to move forward as a normal man and not the creation of a drug he took back in the 1940s.
Following Streets of Poison, we got the story of the Serpent Society abducting Diamondback and trying her for her crimes against the Society. King Cobra and his minions rule against Diamondback harshly but she survives her execution when Cap finds her. Diamondback's allies within the Serpent Society leave the group as well and they start to establish themselves as a new heroic group.
There are a couple single issue stories weaved into the bigger tapestry, here. None of them were bad and they honestly just showed how solid the writing at Marvel was in this era.
Comic Review: Siege
December 6, 2021 by Talking Pulp in Comic Review, Reviews and tagged action, adventure, Ares (Marvel), Avengers, book, Brian Michael Bendis, Bullseye, Captain America, Captain Marvel (Carol Danvers), comics, Cyclops, Daken, Daredevil, Dark Avengers, Doctor Doom, Fantastic Four, fantasy, Green Goblin, Hawkeye, Hawkeye (Kate Bishop), Human Torch, Iron Fist, Iron Man, Loki, Luke Cage, Madame Masque, Maria Hill, Marvel, Mockingbird, Moonstone, Nick Fury, Patriot, Quake, review, sci-fi, Scorpion, Sentry, Spider-Man, Spider-Woman, superhero, Taskmaster, The Thing (Marvel), The Vision, Thor, Warriors Three, Winter Soldier, Wolverine, Wrecking Crew | Leave a comment
Published: November 3rd, 2010
Written by: Brian Michael Bendis
Art by: Jim Cheung, Olivier Coipel, Michael Lark
I didn't specifically want to read this big event from circa 2010 but it did tie directly to the Thor run started by J. Michael Straczynski and continued on by Kieron Gillen. So I figured that I needed to know what happened here before I get into Gillen's stretch of issues, as this takes place during that run.
The story deals with Norman Osborn, the former Green Goblin, as the Iron Patriot and head of H.A.M.M.E.R., a new version of S.H.I.E.L.D., as he attempts to bring war to Asgard against the US president's orders. Why Norman Osborn has any sort of power in the government has never made sense to me, no matter how hard they've tried to explain it and I've actively avoided most of that era of Marvel Comics because of that. Granted, I may read the Dark Avengers just to review it.
Anyway, Norman brings war to Asgard with his Avengers team that features villains in the roles of the famous masked heroes. Obviously, this doesn't bode well for him and his only real trump card is The Sentry, a character I hated from the get go and was glad to see die in this.
The story is chaotic and I kind of hate that it has immense overlap with the Thor material that was so damn solid in this era.
In the end, this was a quick read and the art was at least stupendous.
Comic Review: Captain America – Epic Collection: The Bloodstone Hunt
November 29, 2021 by Talking Pulp in Comic Review, Reviews and tagged action, adventure, Al Milgrom, Ant-Man, Arnim Zola, Avengers, Baron Zemo, Batroc, Battlestar/Bucky II, book, Captain America, comics, Controller, crime, Crimson Dynamo, Crossbones, Daredevil, Diamondback (Rachel Leighton), Doctor Doom, Dragon Man, Falcon, Hellfire Club, Iron Man, Iron Monger, Juggernaut, King Cobra, Magneto, Man-Wolf, Mark Bagley, Mark Gruenwald, Marvel, Mr. Fear, Mr. Hyde (Marvel), mummies, Namor, Nick Fury, Peggy Carter, Red Guardian, Red Skull, review, Ron Lim, Scarlet Witch, sci-fi, Scourge, Selene, Serpent Society, Sersi, Speedball, superhero, The Kingpin, The Mandarin, The Thing (Marvel), The Tinkerer, The Vision, The Wizard (Marvel), Thor, US Agent, Viper, werewolves | Leave a comment
Published: April 25th, 2018
Written by: Mark Gruenwald, Kieron Dwyer
Art by: Mark Bagley, M.D. Bright, Rich Buckler, Kieron Dwyer, Ron Lim, Al Milgrom
Well, this is probably the greatest string of Captain America issues that I have ever read. The first few were a bit shaky but they laid the groundwork for the start of the two primary stories, here, The Bloodstone Hunt and the Captain America portion of the Acts of Vengeance crossover and its fallout.
The Bloodstone Hunt was pretty incredible and a hell of a lot of fun. It was like an Indiana Jones story as Cap and Diamondback, now essentially his partner, raced against Baron Zemo, Batroc and their crew to try and hunt down five magic gems. It wasn't clear why Zemo wanted them until the end, where he attempts to use them to resurrect his father, the original Zemo. However, he resurrects the powerful soul that was locked in those gems instead.
That story also features the debut of Crossbones and John Jameson (a.k.a. Man-Wolf) becoming Cap's pilot. Sadly, we don't get Man-Wolf action but this series of issues drops some hints that Jameson might not be able to suppress his cosmic werewolf alter ego for much longer.
After that, we get a two-issue arc that sees Cap and Crossbones fight for the first time. Man, I forgot how much I loved Crossbones in these early stories. He's such a good sack of shit and a perfect rival for Cap. I really wish they would've used him better in the MCU movies, especially with Frank Grillo in that role.
Following that, we get the Acts of Vengeance stuff, which sees Cap have to fight Namor, his ally, as well as The Controller and Crossbones, again. There are also side plots about The Hellfire Club being raided and Magneto kidnapping and burying Red Skull alive in a tomb due to his ties to the Nazis, which a young Magneto and his family were victims of.
There's just so much in this volume and all of it is damn good, once the story gets rolling.
Mark Gruenwald might be the best Captain America writer of them all. Additionally, the art throughout this stretch was superb. I still remember buying a lot of these single issues off of the racks, many of which I still own, and I remember loving back in 1989. I'm glad to say that this aged exceptionally well.
Comic Review: X-Factor – Epic Collection: Genesis & Apocalypse
November 8, 2021 by Talking Pulp in Comic Review, Reviews and tagged action, Adam Warlock, adventure, Angel/Archangel, Apocalypse, Avalanche (Marvel), Avengers, Beast, Black Knight, Bob Layton, book, Caliban, Cameron Hodge, Captain America, Captain Marvel (Monica Rambeau), Chris Claremont, comics, Crimson Dynamo, Cyclops, Fantastic Four, fantasy, Hercules (Marvel), Human Torch, Iceman, Iron Man, Jean Grey/Marvel Girl/Phoenix, John Buscema, John Byrne, Louise Simonson, Marc Silvestri, Marvel, Mary Jane Watson, Melter, Mystique, Namor, Nick Fury, Pyro, review, Roger Stern, Rusty, sci-fi, She-Hulk, Skids, Spider-Man, Spider-Woman, Spiral, superhero, The Blob, Tom Defalco, Wasp, X-Factor | Leave a comment
Published: March 1st, 2017
Written by: John Byrne, Chris Claremont, Tom DeFalco, Bob Harras, Bob Layton, Louise Simonson, Roger Stern
Art by: John Buscema, John Byrne, Jackson Guice, Bob Layton, Rick Leonardi, Paul Neary, Keith Pollard, Terry Shoemaker, Marc Silvestri
This is a collection of the lead up to the original X-Factor run, as well as the first nine issues of the series, along with an Iron Man and a Spider-Man story that tie into it.
Since I've never read this stuff, I wanted to check it out, as X-Factor was one of my favorite series when it was near the end of this team's run, before the Havok-led team took over and forever became the squad that most people think about when they think about X-Factor.
I've got to say that I was underwhelmed by this first stretch of issues and it doesn't really find its footing. While Apocalypse's debut appears here, it was also underwhelming considering how iconic he becomes. I assume that his stories after the original one are better because when I started picking up the series, as a kid, when the issues where in the fifties, I thought Apocalypse was cool and intimidating as hell.
This is interesting as it shows you the earliest stories involving Cameron Hodge before he revealed himself to be an anti-mutant Hitler-like dictator behind the events of the massive X-Tinction Agenda crossover event. Also, it gives you the last days of Angel before Apocalypse turns him into the tortured Archangel. I believe that story comes in the next volume.
The story was clunky and I think that's because these early X-Factor appearances were spread over multiple comics with multiple writers. Its like Marvel was trying to force the team on everyone and with that, it makes the tone inconsistent and the overall narrative disjointed.
I did enjoy the art, though. I always dug '80s Marvel's common style and it's a big reason as to why I really jumped into these comics back then.
This earliest X-Factor collection didn't do much for me but it also didn't dissuade me from wanting to read later editions, as I remember how solid this series was a few years after this debut.
Comic Review: Marvel Zombies
October 30, 2021 by Talking Pulp in Comic Review, Reviews and tagged action, adventure, Angel/Archangel, Ant-Man, Avengers, Beast, Black Bolt, Black Panther, Black Widow, book, Bullseye, Captain America, Captain Britain, Captain Marvel (Mar-Vell), comics, Cyclops, Daredevil, Deadpool, Doctor Doom, Doctor Octopus, Fabian Cortez, Falcon, fantasy, Forge, Galactus, Gambit, Ghost Rider, Green Goblin, Hawkeye, Hercules (Marvel), horror, Hulk, Inhumans, Iron Fist, Iron Man, Juggernaut, Luke Cage, Magneto, Marvel, Marvel Zombies, Mole Man, Moon Knight, Moondragon, Namor, Nova, Quicksilver, Red Skull, review, Rhino, Robert Kirkman, Sabretooth, Scarlet Witch, sci-fi, Sean Phillips, Shang-Chi, Silver Samurai, Silver Surfer, Spider-Man, Stilt-Man, Storm, Sunfire, Super Skrull, superhero, The Kingpin, The Lizard, The Vulture, Thor, Venom, Wasp, Wolverine, X-Men, zombies | Leave a comment
Published: October 1st, 2008
Written by: Robert Kirkman
Art by: Sean Phillips, Arthur Suydam (cover)
The recent What If?… episode that featured a Marvel Zombies storyline made me want to go back and pick up the original comic, which I've always considered to be the best version of that concept. But since it had been so long since I read it, I wanted to see how well it held up and whether or not I was seeing it through rose-colored glasses.
Well, this was just as fun and as crazy as I remembered it. I think that I also have a much stronger appreciation for Robert Kirkman's writing now and honestly, who was better at tapping for this concept than the creator and writer of The Walking Dead?
I also loved Sean Phillips art and I wasn't as appreciative of him back in 2008, either. I've since enjoyed a lot of his work, especially the stuff he's done in Ed Brubaker's noir and crime comics.
The story is pretty simple, almost the entire Marvel universe has been infected with a zombie virus. So the few survivors are tasked with fighting off famous heroes and villains while trying to find a cure or just flat out escape. Ultimately, this aligns with the coming of Galactus and that leaves the door open for more stories, which we already know were made.
While this plays out like you'd expect, there is still enough story here to make it more than a simple, "run from the zombies" tale. It's also cool seeing how zombification effects certain characters' powers. Additionally, as gruesome and hopeless as his fate seems, this story gave us the most badass version of Black Panther that probably ever existed.
Look, this doesn't tie directly to the main Marvel continuity but it's a hell of a fun read and was a cool experiment that worked exceptionally well before the concept was milked to death.
Comic Review: Avengers: Citizen Kang
October 18, 2021 by Talking Pulp in Comic Review, Reviews and tagged Absorbing Man, action, adventure, Agatha Harkness, Ant-Man, Anthony Druid, Avengers, Baron Zemo, Black Bolt, Black Knight, Black Panther, Black Widow, book, Captain America, Captain Marvel (Monica Rambeau), comics, Crystal (Marvel), Dan Panosian, Doctor Doom, Doctor Octopus, Doctor Strange, Enchantress (Marvel), Falcon, Fantastic Four, fantasy, Frankenstein, Franklin Richards, Hawkeye, Herb Trimpe, Hercules (Marvel), Hulk, Human Torch, Immortus, Inhumans, Iron Man, Kang the Conqueror, Mantis (Marvel), Marvel, Merlin, Molecule Man, Moondragon, Morgan le Fay (Marvel), Namor, Nebula, Quicksilver, Ravonna, review, Roy Thomas, Scarlet Witch, sci-fi, Sersi, Skrulls, Spider-Man, superhero, Taskmaster, The Eternals, The Grandmaster, The Lizard, The Thing (Marvel), The Vision, Thor, Tigra, Ulik, Ultron, Warriors Three, Wasp, Wasp (Hope Pym), Wonder Man, Wrecking Crew | Leave a comment
Written by: Roy Thomas
Art by: Larry Alexander, Geof Isherwood, Herb Trimpe, Dan Panosian (cover)
Citizen Kang wasn't just an Avengers story, it spanned four different annuals in 1992 and also featured the Fantastic Four quite heavily, as well as some characters from the Inhumans and Eternals.
It's a damn cool story if you are a fan of Kang the Conqueror, as I am. Back when this was current, I loved the story because it gives you the full backstory of Kang up to this point in his history. A lot of the pages collected here are flashback stuff but it's not by any means boring, even if you know Kang's previous stuff. Reason being, Kang's a complicated character with multiple versions of himself running around. So this served to give you the CliffsNotes version of that complicated history.
But this isn't just a condensed history of Kang, that's just a small part of this total package. This actually sees Kang try to take down his enemies, be they actual heroes or other villains that have caused him problems.
This was an ambitious and big story and I thought that Roy Thomas delivered. Being that he had been at Marvel for a few decades at the time that he wrote this, he knew a lot of these characters and their histories together very well.
Also, being that this is four annuals collected into one volume, it also includes all the extra side stories and supplemental material. My only gripe with this release was how it was all organized. It just pieced the four annuals together as they were printed. I would have rather had the main story flow in order and then tack on all the extras at the end, instead of having them feel like roadblocks between each main chapter.
Still, everything in this was entertaining and hit its mark.
Comic Review: Moon Knight by Bendis and Maleev – Ultimate Collection
October 11, 2021 by Talking Pulp in Comic Review, Reviews and tagged action, adventure, Alex Maleev, Avengers, Beast, book, Brian Michael Bendis, Bushman, Captain America, Captain Marvel (Carol Danvers), comics, Count Nefaria, crime, Echo (Marvel), fantasy, Iron Man, Jessica Jones, Luke Cage, Madame Masque, Maria Hill, Marvel, Moon Knight, Mr. Hyde (Marvel), neo-noir, Night Shift, noir, occult, review, sci-fi, Snapdragon, Spider-Man, Spider-Woman, superhero, Thor, Ultron, Wolverine | Leave a comment
Published: March 7th, 2018
Art by: Alex Maleev
After reading through the lengthy Brian Michael Bendis and Alex Maleev run on Daredevil, I figured I'd give their run on Moon Knight a shot.
Reason being, I mostly liked Bendis' Daredevil stuff other than how he didn't know how to bring it to a close and his cringe romance shit. I also liked Maleev's art, for the most part. Plus, I like the hell out of the Moon Knight character and wish I had read more of is stories over the years. I'm trying to rectify that now, as I'm older and have access to so much more.
This story is twelve issues long and it uses that space really well and wraps up much better than Bendis' Daredevil run. I think that he went into this knowing where it needed to end and that since he had limited space to tell a story, he gave us something well structured that got to the point and gave us a satisfying conclusion.
In this story, we see Moon Knight dealing with his "hearing voices" problem in a fresh way. While he is recruited for a mission by Captain America, Wolverine and Spider-Man, he also starts seeing versions of them in his mind. Additionally, with such a close connection to them, he starts to use their gimmicks in his battles with L.A.'s criminal underworld.
That underworld is ruled by its own kingpin, similar to The Kingpin in New York City. However, this person's identity is a mystery and Moon Knight is tasked with luring them out and discovering why exactly they wanted to buy a deactivated Ultron head.
Moon Knight also meets Echo, the two have a reluctant partnership but end up falling in love during their mission.
This becomes more and more high stakes as it rolls on. Out of the twelve issues, none of them are wasted on filler bullshit and the romance stuff is in there but it's nowhere near as exhausting as what we got in Bendis' Daredevil. It's like Bendis improved in that regard and wrote something more natural and to the point. Nothing between Moon Knight and Echo seemed forced like it did between Daredevil and his wife Milla.
I also feel like Alex Maleev's art was an improvement. It's cleaner while also looking more detailed. It also fit the tone of the story pretty damn well.
I don't want to say too much about the story, as there are some big reveals and twists but this is definitely worth reading if you want a superhero, neo-noir tale that isn't Daredevil-centric.
Comic Review: Captain America – Epic Collection: The Captain
October 8, 2021 by Talking Pulp in Comic Review, Reviews and tagged action, adventure, Armadillo, Arnim Zola, Avalanche (Marvel), Baron Zemo, Battlestar/Bucky II, Black Panther, Bob Layton, book, Captain America, Captain Marvel (Monica Rambeau), comics, crime, D-Man, David Michelinie, Diamondback (Rachel Leighton), Doctor Doom, Electro, Falcon, Flag-Smasher, Hate-Monger, Iron Man, John Byrne, Mark Gruenwald, Marvel, Mr. Hyde (Marvel), Mystique, Nomad, Pyro, Red Skull, review, sci-fi, Scourge, Serpent Society, superhero, Taskmaster, The Blob, The Kingpin, Titania, US Agent, Viper, War Machine, Winter Soldier | Leave a comment
Published: August 11th, 2021
Written by: Mark Gruenwald, Bob Layton, David Michelinie
Art by: Mark Bright, John Byrne, Kieron Dwyer, Tom Morgan
The Epic Collection volume that preceded this one, laid the ground work for Steve Rogers being replaced as Captain America by John Walker, who would later become US Agent.
This volume is where Rogers goes away, Walker steps in and the series becomes really interesting, as it splits its time between the former Captain and his story, as well as the new Captain and the challenges he faces trying to fill the shoes of a man that will always be greater than him.
I enjoyed that this series kind of had a split personality for this run but it was all still tied to the core of the Captain America symbol and what it means for those who represent it and those in power who exploit it.
Where the preceding volume felt a bit "kiddie" in how it was written, the series turns pretty serious and really steps up to the plate when peeling back the layers of John Walker, Steve Rogers, both their sidekicks, the U.S. government's involvement in all of this, as well as some important deaths and losses.
This really goes deep into the John Walker character and even though he's been a prick up to this point and does some very dark shit, here, these issues humanize him, his situation and how he comes to the realization that even though he's the best choice for the role of Captain America on paper, he's still missing that x-factor that made Steve Rogers the Captain America.
The writing in this stretch of issues really went to another level, which I think was important in conveying the weight of this story. This also had real gravitas and minor characters that initially don't seem to matter too much, mean a lot to you when certain things transpire, which I won't spoil.
All in all, I really enjoyed the hell out of this and it's far superior to Disney's loose adaptation of it in The Flacon and the Winter Solider.
Comic Review: What If THIS Was the Fantastic Four – A Tribute to Mike Wieringo
October 1, 2021 by Talking Pulp in Comic Review, Reviews and tagged Abomination, action, adventure, Blastaar, book, Captain America, comics, crime, Doctor Doom, Doctor Strange, Fantastic Four, fantasy, Franklin Richards, Frightful Four, Ghost Rider, Hulk, Iron Man, Marvel, Mephisto, occult, review, Sabretooth, sci-fi, She-Hulk, Skrulls, Spider-Man, Super Skrull, superhero, The Sandman (Marvel), The Thing (Marvel), Venom, What If?, Wolverine | Leave a comment
Written by: Mike Wieringo, various
Art by: Mike Wieringo, various
Marvel Comics, 48 Pages
Back in the early '90s when I was spending all of my allowance money on comics, the short-lived Fantastic Four team of Spider-Man, Wolverine, Hulk and Ghost Rider blew my adolescent, pre-teen mind. I was always kind of bummed that it was over as quick as it started but I loved the team and had always wanted to see more of them as a unit.
While they never got a series or anything more than a few issues and a Marvel trading card, the world was given this pretty cool issue of What If?, which was also a tribute to Mike Wieringo, who was working on the issue when he died.
Due to Wieringo's passing, this issue was completed by other people stepping up to get it done and to get it out as a tribute.
This is a pretty cool story but because it's a single issue of What If?, they have to cram a lot into a limited space. So this progresses through time quickly, once it gets rolling.
There are several villains and some hero cameos in this. The highlight for me was seeing Sandman form a new Frightful Four team that included himself, Venom, Sabretooth and Abomination. While I don't like the lineup as much as the original Frightful Four, it was a cool villain group tailor made for the new Fantastic Four.
All in all, this was a blast to read and it churned up feelings of nostalgia for when I first read the debut of this team nearly thirty years ago. |
Chelsea reaction to Callum Hudson-Odoi shows homegrown talent means more to fans than highly-paid superstars
The 18-year-old has handed in a request to join Bayern Munich but supporters at Stamford Bridge did not boo – they pleaded with him to stay
By Sam Cunningham
Updated September 16, 2020 4:56 pm
Has Callum Hudson-Odoi said farewell to Chelsea's supporters? (Getty Images)
When Callum Hudson-Odoi walked out at Stamford Bridge less than 24 hours after personally handing in a transfer request to Chelsea director Marina Granovskaia, he did not know what to expect. The 18-year-old feared mass boos, having made the difficult decision to make it clear to the club he did not believe he was getting enough first-team minutes and wanted to move to Bayern Munich.
Traditionally, players who hand in a transfer request to force through a move are resoundingly castigated should they appear in front of their current club's fans before that move is granted, or the first time they return. And rightly so.
i's fantasy football tips newsletter: get ahead
Yet the most striking aspect of Hudson-Odoi's appearance and start against Sheffield Wednesday in the FA Cup fourth round was that he was not booed, at all. The Chelsea supporters' feelings on the saga became even clearer when, having pulled off a sublime piece of control and skill before scoring to provide a reminder of what they will miss should he leave, they applauded him as he strolled around the pitch after the final whistle and held signs asking him to stay.
Hudson-Odoi is not to blame
Hudson-Odoi applauded back and it felt as though this was farewell to a club at which he has spent more than a decade developing through their academy. Another young fish slipping through Chelsea's holey net.
But the majority of Chelsea's supporters do not blame the winger. They blame Chelsea, a failing system and a club culture, formed by a succession of managers under pressure to deliver trophies each season, of distrusting academy products and not considering young English players good enough for the cause.
This issue goes beyond Chelsea, to the root of supporting a football club and what it means to real supporters to see one of their own — or perhaps even three, four or five of them — amongst the stars who, let's face it, are only there because they are being paid hundreds of thousands of pounds each week.
One of their own
That is the dream of any real football fan. Not the fans from around the world; in Brazil or America or Nigeria or China or Australia. Not those fans who want to see the next hundred-million-pound player signed every transfer window. But the fans who work in the same region, grew up down the road from the training ground and breathed the same air for all those years as the player developed at their club.
The reason that Manchester United under Sir Alex Ferguson were so great is because they were built from the academy up. So what is it about the modern Premier League? Look at some of the players Barcelona grew and transitioned into the world's best in their own ranks: Lionel Messi, Andres Iniesta, Xavi, Sergio Busquets, Carles Puyol — they did not have to leave for Germany to get a game.
On Sunday evening, Ruben Loftus-Cheek came on for his 50th Chelsea appearance, but he is 23 years old and Hudson-Odoi is probably looking at his team-mate and thinking he does not want to wait another five years to play 33 more times in the first-team. This, like the past two or three seasons, was seen as Loftus-Cheek's season, only for Maurizio Sarri to loan Mateo Kovacic, only one year his senior, ahead of him.
Manchester City have the same issue
The finger is pointed at Manchester City and Pep Guardiola, too, not only Chelsea. It isn't enough for City supporters to see Phil Foden, one of the brightest young talents in the world, given a handful of starts and substitute appearance in meaningless matches, and it hurts them to lose Jadon Sancho to Borussia Dortmund then watch him star in the Bundesliga and the Champions League and called up for England, showing he could easily have done the same at City, if only he was trusted.
It doesn't have to be every player in the starting eleven. Even one helps forge that relationship between the terraces and the training ground. At Liverpool they have Trent Alexander-Arnold who, having been given a chance by Jurgen Klopp, will become one of the world's best full-backs provided he stays fit.
Tottenham Hotspur have Harry Kane and would Spurs supporters feel such an affinity to the England striker had they signed him for £60million from elsewhere? No, they wouldn't. Go to any Spurs match and you're reminded by the thousands that he is one of their own, at regular intervals throughout. They have Harry Winks emerging and Kyle Walker-Peters making an impression, and is it any wonder that, despite the lack of trophies, Spurs supporters and a lot of the neutrals still see Mauricio Pochettino as one of the best managers around?
Sancho's success in Germany has made it far harder for managers to convince their young prospects that sitting on the bench and training with the first-team is in their best interests. His good friend Hudson-Odoi has taken note.
Callum Hudson-Odoi |
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Hamann Motorsport isn't known for being subtle. When it isn't pumping up G-Wagens and Porsches, it's tie-dying a McLaren MP4-12C. Its newest package starts with the already aggressive-looking BMW M5, then slices up the bodywork in typical Hamann fashion.
While Mercedes-Benz has let us Americans buy diesel versions of its flagship sedan from time to time, BMW has kept a number of versions of the 7-series from our shores, among which are 7-series sedans with diesel engines. Well, it looks like we'll finally be getting a diesel 7-series after all, with the arrival of the 740Ld later this spring. The 740Ld will be powered by a 3.0-liter inline-six diesel engine with a single turbocharger with variable vane turbine technology, making 255-hp and 413 lb-ft of torque, and will be coupled exclusively with BMW's xDrive all-wheel drive system. |
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Contact us today to learn more about life insurance. |
Dozier Creek Subdivision- One of the most prestigious subdivisions on Lake D'arbonne offering gentle sloping topography for easy walking and access to the water's edge, along with private lake access via concrete boat ramp, lighted curb and gutter streets, and on-site underground utilities. Site built 2,200 heated square foot minimum. Apprx 1.80 ac total, w/ ~1.19 ac above 80' contour.
Beautiful lot on Lake D'arbonne with over 200 ft. of water frontage. Property has a 3 bay, 25x38 shop/garage and concrete foundation present which an approximately 2,000 s.f. home could be constructed on.
Dozier Creek Subdivision(Garden/Patio Home Lots)- One of the most prestigious subdivisions on Lake D'arbonne and located only minutes from downtown. While not on the water- you're only feet away. You still have access to lighted curb and gutter streets for jogging, riding bikes, walking the dog etc... other amenities also include private lake access via concrete boat ramp and on-site underground utilities. Site built 1,600 heated square foot minimum.
Dozier Creek Subdivision- One of the most prestigious subdivisions on Lake D'arbonne and located only minutes from downtown. While not on the water- you're only feet away. You still have access to lighted curb and gutter streets for jogging, riding bikes, walking the dog etc... other amenities also include private lake access via concrete boat ramp and on-site underground utilities. Site built 2,200 heated square foot minimum.
Dozier Creek Subdivision- One of the most prestigious subdivisions on Lake D`arbonne and located only minutes from downtown. While not on the water- you`re only feet away. You still have access to lighted curb and gutter streets for jogging, riding bikes, walking the dog etc... other amenities also include private lake access via concrete boat ramp and on-site underground utilities. Site built 2,200 heated square foot minimum..
Dozier Creek Subdivision- One of the most prestigious subdivisions on Lake D'arbonne offering gentle sloping topography for easy walking and access to the water's edge, along with private lake access via concrete boat ramp, lighted curb and gutter streets, and on-site underground utilities. Site built 2,200 heated square foot minimum. Apprx 1.95 ac total, w/ apprx 0.58 ac above 80' contour.
Dozier Creek Subdivision- One of the most prestigious subdivisions on Lake D'arbonne offering gentle sloping topography for easy walking and access to the water's edge, along with private lake access via concrete boat ramp, lighted curb and gutter streets, and on-site underground utilities. Site built 2,200 heated square foot minimum. Apprx 3.80 ac total, w/ ~1.72 ac above 80' contour.
Dozier Creek Subdivision- One of the most prestigious subdivisions on Lake D'arbonne offering gentle sloping topography for easy walking and access to the water's edge, along with private lake access via concrete boat ramp, lighted curb and gutter streets, and on-site underground utilities. Site built 2,200 heated square foot minimum. Apprx 1.33 ac total, w/ apprx 1.18 ac above 80' contour.
Dozier Creek Subdivision- One of the most prestigious subdivisions on Lake D'arbonne offering gentle sloping topography for easy walking and access to the water's edge, along with private lake access via concrete boat ramp, lighted curb and gutter streets, and on-site underground utilities. Site built 2,200 heated square foot minimum. Apprx 0.84 ac total, w/ apprx 0.78 ac above 80' contour.
Dozier Creek Subdivision- One of the most prestigious subdivisions on Lake D'arbonne offering gentle sloping topography for easy walking and access to the water's edge, along with private lake access via concrete boat ramp, lighted curb and gutter streets, and on-site underground utilities. Site built 2,200 heated square foot minimum. Apprx 1.35 ac total, w/ apprx 0.95 ac above 80' contour. |
Brisbane Blaze is an Australian hockey club based in Brisbane, Queensland. The club was established in 2019, and is one of 7 established to compete in Hockey Australia's new premier domestic competition, Hockey One.
The club unifies both men and women under one name, unlike Queensland's former representation in the Australian Hockey League as the QLD Blade (men) and QLD Scorchers (women).
Brisbane Blaze will compete for the first time in the inaugural season of Hockey One, which will be contested from late September through to mid November 2019.
History
Brisbane Blaze, along with six other teams, was founded on 17 April 2019 as part of Hockey Australia's development of hockey.
The team's logo and colours are inspired by the new team name, 'Blaze', which is an adaption of Queensland's former representative women's team the Scorchers. The new colours are burnt orange and yellow.
Home Stadium
Brisbane Blaze are based out of Queensland Hockey Centre in Queensland's capital city, Brisbane. The stadium has a capacity of 1,000 spectators, with additional seating available.
Throughout Hockey One, the team will play three home matches at the stadium.
Teams
Men's team
The following players were names in the men's preliminary squad.
Jacob Anderson
Cade Banditt
Daniel Beale
Robert Bell
Scott Boyde
Jarrod Brown
Luca Brown
Jared Carseldine
Justin Douglas
Matthew Finn
Michael Francis
Liam Hart
Ashley Hennegan
Tim Howard
Adam Imer
Shane Kenny
Mitchell Nicholson
Hugh Pembroke
Matthew Pembroke
Joel Rintala
Matthew Shaw
Matthew Swann
Jared Taylor
Corey Weyer
Jacob Whetton
Ethan White
Blake Wotherspoon
Dylan Wotherspoon
Women's team
The following players were names in the women's preliminary squad.
Hannah Astbury
Emily Burrows
Layla Eleison
Ashlea Fey
Madison Fitzpatrick
Savannah Fitzpatrick
Morgan Gallagher
Rebecca Greiner
Georgia Hillas
Jordyn Holzberger
Madeleine James
Jodie Kenny
Stephanie Kershaw
Jasmine Larosa
Hannah Lowry
Ambrosia Malone
Morgan Mathison
Ashlyn McBurnie
Aleisha Neumann
Britt Noffke
Meg Pearce
Jesse Reid
Zoe Smart
Natarlia Smith
Jamie Stone
Renee Taylor
Jessica Watson
Britt Wilkinson
Emily Witheyman-Crump
References
External links
Australian field hockey clubs
Women's field hockey teams in Australia
Sporting clubs in Brisbane
Field hockey clubs established in 2019
2019 establishments in Australia
Hockey One |
Complexity theory needs to be coupled with network theory to get a more comprehensive grasp of the underlying paradigms that govern the outcomes and morphology of emergent systems. In order for us to understand the concept of network effects which is commonly used to understand platform economics or ecosystem value due to positive network externalities, we would like to take a few steps back and appreciate the fundamental theory of networks. This understanding will not only help us to understand complexity and its emergent properties at a low level but also inform us of the impact of this knowledge on how network effects can be shaped to impact outcomes in an intentional manner.
There are first-order conditions that must be met to gauge whether the subject of the observation is a network. Firstly, networks are all about connectivity within and between systems. Understanding the components that bind the system would be helpful. However, do keep in mind that complexity systems (CPS and CAS) might have emergent properties due to the association and connectivity of the network that might not be fully explained by network theory. All the same, understanding networking theory is a building block to understanding emergent systems and the outcome of its structure on addressing niche and macro challenges in society.
Networks operates spatially in a different space and that has been intentionally done to allow some simplification and subsequent generalization of principles. The geometry of network is called network topology. It is a 2D perspective of connectivity.
Networks are subject to constraints (physical resources, governance constraint, temporal constraints, channel capacity, absorption and diffusion of information, distribution constraint) that might be internal (originated by the system) or external (originated in the environment that the network operates in).
Finally, there is an inherent non-linearity impact in networks. As nodes increase linearly, connections will increase exponentially but might be subject to constraints. The constraints might define how the network structure might morph and how information and signals might be processed differently.
Graph theory is the most widely used tool to study networks. It consists of four parts: vertices which represent an element in the network, edges refer to relationship between nodes which we call links, directionality which refers to how the information is passed ( is it random and bi-directional or follows specific rules and unidirectional), channels that refer to bandwidth that carry information, and finally the boundary which establishes specificity around network operations. A graph can be weighted – namely, a number can be assigned to each length to reflect the degree of interaction or the strength of resources or the proximity of the nodes or the ordering of discernible clusters.
The central concept of network theory thus revolves around connectivity between nodes and how non-linear emergence occurs. A node can have multiple connections with other node/nodes and we can weight the node accordingly. In addition, the purpose of networks is to pass information in the most efficient manner possible which relays into the concept of a geodesic which is either the shortest path between two nodes that must work together to achieve a purpose or the least number of leaps through links that information must negotiate between the nodes in the network.
Technically, you look for the longest path in the network and that constitutes the diameter while you calculate the average path length by examining the shortest path between nodes, adding all of those paths up and then dividing by the number of pairs. Significance of understanding the geodesic allows an understanding of the size of the network and throughput power that the network is capable of.
Nodes are the atomic elements in the network. It is presumed that its degree of significance is related to greater number of connections. There are other factors that are important considerations: how adjacent or close are the nodes to one another, does some nodes have authority or remarkable influence on others, are nodes positioned to be a connector between other nodes, and how capable are the nodes in absorbing, processing and diffusing the information across the links or channels. How difficult is it for the agents or nodes in the network to make connections? It is presumed that if the density of the network is increased, then we create a propensity in the overall network system to increase the potential for increased connectivity.
As discussed previously, our understanding of the network is deeper once we understand the elements well. The structure or network topology is represented by the graph and then we must understand size of network and the patterns that are manifested in the visual depiction of the network. Patterns, for our purposes, might refer to clusters of nodes that are tribal or share geographical proximity that self-organize and thus influence the structure of the network. We will introduce a new term homophily where agents connect with those like themselves. This attribute presumably allows less resources needed to process information and diffuse outcomes within the cluster. Most networks have a cluster bias: in other words, there are areas where there is increased activity or increased homogeneity in attributes or some form of metric that enshrines a group of agents under one specific set of values or activities. Understanding the distribution of cluster and the cluster bias makes it easier to influence how to propagate or even dismantle the network. This leads to an interesting question: Can a network that emerges spontaneously from the informal connectedness between agents be subjected to some high dominance coefficient – namely, could there be nodes or links that might exercise significant weight on the network?
The network has to align to its environment. The environment can place constraints on the network. In some instances, the agents have to figure out how to overcome or optimize their purpose in the context of the presence of the environmental constraints. There is literature that suggests the existence of random networks which might be an initial state, but it is widely agreed that these random networks self-organize around their purpose and their interaction with its environment. Network theory assigns a number to the degree of distribution which means that all or most nodes have an equivalent degree of connectivity and there is no skewed influence being weighed on the network by a node or a cluster. Low numbers assigned to the degree of distribution suggest a network that is very democratic versus high number that suggests centralization. To get a more practical sense, a mid-range number assigned to a network constitutes a decentralized network which has close affinities and not fully random. We have heard of the six degrees of separation and that linkage or affinity is most closely tied to a mid-number assignment to the network.
We are now getting into discussions on scale and binding this with network theory. Metcalfe's law states that the value of a network grows as a square of the number of the nodes in the network. More people join the network, the more valuable the network. Essentially, there is a feedback loop that is created, and this feedback loop can kindle a network to grow exponentially. There are two other topics – Contagion and Resilience. Contagion refers to the ability of the agents to diffuse information. This information can grow the network or dismantle it. Resilience refers to how the network is organized to preserve its structure. As you can imagine, they have huge implications that we see. How do certain ideas proliferate over others, how does it cluster and create sub-networks which might grow to become large independent networks and how it creates natural defense mechanisms against self-immolation and destruction?
Network effect is commonly known as externalities in economics. It is an effect that is external to the transaction but influences the transaction. It is the incremental benefit gained by an existing user for each new user that joins the network. There are two types of network effects: Direct network effects and Indirect network effect. Direct network effects are same side effects. The value of a service goes up as the number of users goes up. For example, if more people have phones, it is useful for you to have a phone. The entire value proposition is one-sided. Indirect networks effects are multi-sided. It lends itself to our current thinking around platforms and why smart platforms can exponentially increase the network. The value of the service increases for one user group when a new user group joins the network. Take for example the relationship between credit card banks, merchants and consumers. There are three user groups, and each gather different value from the network of agents that have different roles. If more consumers use credit cards to buy, more merchants will sign up for the credit cards, and as more merchants sign up – more consumers will sign up with the bank to get more credit cards. This would be an example of a multi-sided platform that inherently has multi-sided network effects. The platform inherently gains significant power such that it becomes more valuable for participants in the system to join the network despite the incremental costs associated with joining the network. Platforms that are built upon effective multi-sided network effects grow quickly and are generally sustainable. Having said that, it could be just as easy that a few dominant bad actors in the network can dismantle and unravel the network completely. We often hear of the tipping point: namely, that once the platform reaches a critical mass of users, it would be difficult to dismantle it. That would certainly be true if the agents and services are, in the aggregate, distributed fairly across the network: but it is also possible that new networks creating even more multi-sided network effects could displace an entrenched network. Hence, it is critical that platform owners manage the quality of content and users and continue to look for more opportunities to introduce more user groups to entrench and yet exponentially grow the network.
Being the first to cross the finish line makes you a winner in only one phase of life. It's what you do after you cross the line that really counts.
Does winner-take-all strategy apply outside the boundaries of a complex system? Let us put it another way. If one were to pursue a winner-take-all strategy, then does this willful strategic move not bind them to the constraints of complexity theory? Will the net gains accumulate at a pace over time far greater than the corresponding entropy that might be a by-product of such a strategy? Does natural selection exhibit a winner-take-all strategy over time and ought we then to regard that winning combination to spur our decisions around crafting such strategies? Are we fated in the long run to arrive at a world where there will be a very few winners in all niches and what would that mean? How does that surmise with our good intentions of creating equal opportunities and a fair distribution of access to resources to a wider swath of the population? In other words, is a winner take all a deterministic fact and does all our trivial actions to counter that constitute love's labor lost?
Natural selection is a mechanism for evolution. It explains how populations or species evolve or modify over time in such a manner that it becomes better suited to their environments. Recall the discussion on managing scale in the earlier chapter where we discussed briefly about aligning internal complexity to external complexity. Natural selection is how it plays out at a biological level. Essentially natural selection posits that living organisms have inherited traits that help them to survive and procreate. These organisms will largely leave more offspring than their peers since the presumption is that these organisms will carry key traits that will survive the vagaries of external complexity and environment (predators, resource scarcity, climate change, etc.) Since these traits are passed on to the next generate, these traits will become more common until such time that the traits are dominant over generations, if the environment has not been punctuated with massive changes. These organisms with these dominant traits will have adapted to their environment. Natural selection does not necessarily suggest that what is good for one is good for the collective species.
An example that was shared by Robert Frank in his book "The Darwin Economy" was the case of large antlers of the bull elk. These antlers developed as an instrument for attracting mates rather than warding off predators. Big antlers would suggest a greater likelihood of the bull elk to marginalize the elks with smaller antlers. Over time, the bull elks with small antlers would die off since they would not be able to produce offspring and pass their traits. Thus, the bull elks would largely comprise of those elks with large antlers. However, the flip side is that large antlers compromise mobility and thus are more likely to be attacked by predators. Although the individual elk with large antler might succeed to stay around over time, it is also true that the compromised mobility associated with large antlers would overall hurt the propagation of the species as a collective group. We will return to this very important concept later. The interests of individual animals were often profoundly in conflict with the broader interests of their own species. Corresponding to the development of the natural selection mechanism is the introduction of the concept of the "survival of the fittest" which was introduced by Herbert Spencer. One often uses natural selection and survival of the fittest interchangeable and that is plain wrong. Natural selection never claims that the species that will emerge is the strongest, the fastest, the largest, etc.: it simply claims that the species will be the fittest, namely it will evolve in a manner best suited for the environment in which it resides. Put it another way: survival of the most sympathetic is perhaps more applicable. Organisms that are more sympathetic and caring and work in harmony with the exigencies of an environment that is largely outside of their control would likely succeed and thrive.
We will digress into the world of business. A common conception that is widely discussed is that businesses must position toward a winner-take-all strategy – especially, in industries that have very high entry costs. Once these businesses entrench themselves in the space, the next immediate initiative would be to literally launch a full-frontal assault involving huge investments to capture the mind and the wallet of the customer. Peter Thiel says – Competition is for losers. If you want to create and capture lasting value, look to build a monopoly." Once that is built, it would be hard to displace!
Barriers to entry: Some organizations have natural cost prohibitive barriers to entry like utility companies or automobile plants. They require large investments. On the other hand, organizations can themselves influence and erect huge barriers to entry even though the barriers did not exist. Organizations would massively invest in infrastructure, distribution, customer acquisition and retention, brand and public relations. Organizations that are able to rapidly do this at a massive scale would be the ones that is expected to exercise their leverage over a big consumption base well into the future.
Multi-sided platform impacts: The value of information across multiple subsystems: company, supplier, customer, government increases disproportionately as it expands. We had earlier noted that if cities expand by 100%, then there is increasing innovating and goods that generate 115% -the concept of super-linear scaling. As more nodes are introduced into the system and a better infrastructure is created to support communication and exchange between the nodes, the more entrenched the business becomes. And interestingly, the business grows at a sub-linear scale – namely, it consumes less and less resources in proportion to its growth. Hence, we see the large unicorn valuation among companies where investors and market makers place calculated bets on investments of colossal magnitudes. The magnitude of such investments is relatively a recent event, and this is largely driven by the advances in technology that connect all stakeholders.
Investment in learning: To manage scale is to also be selective of information that a system receives and how the information is processed internally. In addition, how is this information relayed to the external system or environment. This requires massive investment in areas like machine learning, artificial intelligence, big data, enabling increased computational power, development of new learning algorithms, etc. This means that organizations have to align infrastructure and capability while also working with external environments through public relations, lobbying groups and policymakers to chaperone a comprehensive and a very complex hard-to-replicate learning organism.
Investment in brand: Brand personifies the value attributes of an organization. One connects brand to customer experience and perception of the organization's product. To manage scale and grow, organizations must invest in brand: to capture increased mindshare of the consumer. In complexity science terms, the internal systems are shaped to emit powerful signals to the external environment and urge a response. Brand and learning work together to allow a harmonic growth of an internal system in the context of its immediate environment.
However, one must revert to the science of complexity to understand the long-term challenges of a winner-take-all mechanism. We have already seen the example that what is good for the individual bull-elk might not be the best for the species in the long-term. We see that super-linear scaling systems also emits significant negative by-products. Thus, the question that we need to ask is whether the organizations are paradoxically cultivating their own seeds of destruction in their ambitions of pursuing scale and market entrenchment.
This article discusses internal and external complexity before we tee up a more detailed discussion on internal versus external scale. This chapter acknowledges that complex adaptive systems have inherent internal and external complexities which are not additive. The impact of these complexities is exponential. Hence, we have to sift through our understanding and perhaps even review the salient aspects of complexity science which have already been covered in relatively more detail in earlier chapter. However, revisiting complexity science is important, and we will often revisit this across other blog posts to really hit home the fundamental concepts and its practical implications as it relates to management and solving challenges at a business or even a grander social scale.
A complex system is a part of a larger environment. It is a safe to say that the larger environment is more complex than the system itself. But for the complex system to work, it needs to depend upon a certain level of predictability and regularity between the impact of initial state and the events associated with it or the interaction of the variables in the system itself. Note that I am covering both – complex physical systems and complex adaptive systems in this discussion. A system within an environment has an important attribute: it serves as a receptor to signals of external variables of the environment that impact the system. The system will either process that signal or discard the signal which is largely based on what the system is trying to achieve. We will dedicate an entire article on system engineering and thinking later, but the uber point is that a system exists to serve a definite purpose. All systems are dependent on resources and exhibits a certain capacity to process information. Hence, a system will try to extract as many regularities as possible to enable a predictable dynamic in an efficient manner to fulfill its higher-level purpose.
Let us understand external complexities. We can interchangeably use the word environmental complexity as well. External complexity represents physical, cultural, social, and technological elements that are intertwined. These environments beleaguered with its own grades of complexity acts as a mold to affect operating systems that are mere artifacts. If operating systems can fit well within the mold, then there is a measure of fitness or harmony that arises between an internal complexity and external complexity. This is the root of dynamic adaptation. When external environments are very complex, that means that there are a lot of variables at play and thus, an internal system has to process more information in order to survive. So how the internal system will react to external systems is important and they key bridge between those two systems is in learning. Does the system learn and improve outcomes on account of continuous learning and does it continually modify its existing form and functional objectives as it learns from external complexity? How is the feedback loop monitored and managed when one deals with internal and external complexities? The environment generates random problems and challenges and the internal system has to accept or discard these problems and then establish a process to distribute the problems among its agents to efficiently solve those problems that it hopes to solve for. There is always a mechanism at work which tries to align the internal complexity with external complexity since it is widely believed that the ability to efficiently align the systems is the key to maintaining a relatively competitive edge or intentionally making progress in solving a set of important challenges.
Internal complexity are sub-elements that interact and are constituents of a system that resides within the larger context of an external complex system or the environment. Internal complexity arises based on the number of variables in the system, the hierarchical complexity of the variables, the internal capabilities of information pass-through between the levels and the variables, and finally how it learns from the external environment. There are five dimensions of complexity: interdependence, diversity of system elements, unpredictability and ambiguity, the rate of dynamic mobility and adaptability, and the capability of the agents to process information and their individual channel capacities.
If we are discussing scale management, we need to ask a fundamental question. What is scale in the context of complex systems? Why do we manage for scale? How does management for scale advance us toward a meaningful outcome? How does scale compute in internal and external complex systems? What do we expect to see if we have managed for scale well? What does the future bode for us if we assume that we have optimized for scale and that is the key objective function that we have to pursue? |
This time it is not of any large problem, but I would like to get some other opinions before I go to Asus.
The graphics card went into the PCI-16x slot, and the fan spun when the computer turned on. But this was my problem; I got no image, the majority of the time, that is. 14 out of 15 times the screen would stay blank, when the monitor was attached to the card, the other one time, the computer would load (with image) until when windows (XP) almost finished loading, then crash, showing a BSOD for a split second. Although weirdly, when it did show an image, I was able to boot into safe mode.
I have thought about this for a few days, and don't know if his diagnostic is completely true. With both of my cases, the object worked (sometimes), and then crashed the computer. Do you have any ideas on it???
Sort of makes me wonder why I bother really.
it will get fixed one day.
If you insert a Video Card into a PCI Slot is still needs to communicate with the M'Board Chipset and if you have a Incompatibility between the Video & M'Board Chip Sets it doesn't matter if it is a PCI or PCI Express Video Card.
Similarly some PCI Cards can cause the system to lock up I have M$ Approved Video Capture Card that causes some M'Boards to just refuse to work they will not boot or show any signs of life except for running fans. The moment you remove that Video Capture Card the unit works perfectly and if you insert the Video Capture Card into a different computer that works perfectly so it is just a Incompatibility between that particular Video Capture Card family and that particular M'Board family.
Also with PCI Cards it is sometimes possible to have one fail to work in a otherwise perfect computer and moving the card to a different PCI Socket will cure the problem. This arises because the Resources can not be allocated as required by the different parts of the system and was a very common event way back in the old DOS Days where you had to manually configure DMA & IRQ Addressing of all components. The fact that is isn't common today isn't because the hardware is so much better just that there is less variety available.
In the old days when a new Chip Set was released you had to take pot luck as to if it would work with an existing M'Board and it was a very common occurrence that a Small System Builder would get new parts and they simply failed to work together requiring replacement Video Cards to be sourced and fitted.
Every Daughter Card no matter what it is has Integrated Circuits on it and these different Chip Sets do cause problems sometimes. It is possible to buy a Industry Accepted Unit like a High End Sound Blaster Card and have it cause a M'Board to stop booting or even posting. While this is generally related to new Plug in Card Types with older M'Boards it can happen any time that incompatible components are chosen for a computer so looking at what is thought as a Ideal Card of some description isn't enough you need to look to see if there are any Known Issues with the other components that you currently have or in the case of a new build the components that you are considering using to build a new computer.
You can go out and buy what are considered as th Best M'Board CPU unit fit the wrong brand of RAM and have the unit fail to do anything. Similarly you can buy a High End M'Board, Video Card and Sound Card and they just can not work together or in some cases will only work together if you do not overclock the CPU.
Or you can upgrade the existing RAM in a computer by adding more and you can have Timing Issues between the different RAM Sticks so you have a Unstable System that falls over unexpectedly and without any way to prevent or see why it is happening.
Component Selection is very important and is often overlooked by all but the Professional System Builder.
There maybe a setting that will ask you to either use the PCI slot or the intergrated or something like that. If it is not set on PCI or PCIe it will not show anything, It will need to be done before inserting the graphics card.
Question?. Does your motherboard support 4GB of RAM?.
Take out 2GB of Ram and try booting up.
Why i say this is that the ram you have on board is too much for the board to handle. |
Home » Uncategorized » 4% of the Canadian Population has been newly enfranchised with the right to vote
4% of the Canadian Population has been newly enfranchised with the right to vote
April 7, 2017 May 15, 2014 by Brian Wang
As many as 1.4 million more Canadians are now eligible to vote, some of whom could end up casting ballots in the four byelections Prime Minister Stephen Harper announced for June 30.
Two Canadians living in the U.S. had challenged the rules that disenfranchised expatriates abroad for five years or more. They argued the provisions were arbitrary and unreasonable, and therefore violated their constitutional right as citizens to vote.
In his ruling, Justice Michael Penny noted that mass murderers have the right to vote, but the long-term expats, "who care deeply about Canada," do not have the right.
Penny rejected government arguments that allowing non-residents to vote was somehow unfair to resident Canadians.
According to UN Statistics, some 215 million people lived outside their home country in 2011.
As of now, Elections Canada said, Canadian citizens aged 18 or older who reside abroad may apply to be added to the international register of electors and vote by mail-in special ballot.
They do have to have lived in Canada at some point.
The rule disenfranchising Canadians abroad for more than five years was enacted in 1993 amid debate about the strength of their ties to Canada and their knowledge of domestic politics.
Expats pay about $6 billion in income taxes to the Canadian treasury, despite using fewer resources than their in-country counterparts, according to estimates.
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DARPA Warrior Web Supersuit Projects targets helping soldiers to Enhance Endurance and Strength to enable Soldiers to Run 4 Minute Miles
Will a Proven Pro-Business Leader With a Clear Majority Be Enough to Fix India's Economy ? |
2007 Co-Lh
Rascal Flatts Biography
Country music group
Group formed c. 1999 in Nashville, TN; members include Jay DeMarcus (born April 26, 1971, in Columbus, OH; married, 2004), vocals, guitar, bass, keyboards, mandolin; Gary LeVox (born July 10, 1970, in Columbus, OH; married; children: Brittany, Brooklyn), lead vocals; Joe Don Rooney (born Sept. 13, 1975, in Picher, OK; married Tiffany Fallon, April 23, 2006), vocals, guitar.
Addresses: Record company —Lyric Street, 1100 Demonbreun St., Ste. 100, Nashville, TN 37203. Website —http://www.rascalflatts.com.
DeMarcus was a member of the band East to West, early 1990s; DeMarcus and Rooney were members of Chely Wright's touring band, 1990s; formed Rascal Flatts, c. 1999; released debut album, Rascal Flatts , 2000; released Melt , 2002; released Feels Like Today , 2004; released Me and My Gang , 2006.
Awards: New vocal group of the year, Academy of Country Music, 2001; vocal group of the year, Country Music Association, 2003; vocal group of the year, Academy of Country Music, 2003, 2004 and 2005; vocal group of the year, Country Music Association, 2004; vocal group of the year, Academy of Country Music, 2004; breakthrough act, Billboard Touring Awards, 2005; vocal group of the year, Country Music Association, 2005; vocal group of the year, Academy of Country Music, 2005; country artist of the year, Billboard , 2005; Grammy Award for country song of the year, Recording Academy, for "Bless the Broken Road," 2006.
In April of 2006, Chris Willman of Entertainment Weekly declared that Rascal Flatts was "America's most popular band." The young country music trio certainly had the record sales to claim that title. All 13 of its singles had hit the top ten on the Billboard county chart, and five had gone to No. 1. By the summer of 2006, the group, known for its heartfelt, emotional songs and three-part harmonies, had sold almost nine million records and was one of the top-grossing touring bands in the United States. Never accepted by their more traditional country music peers, the band still struggled to defy the label the press placed on them when they debuted in 2000: that they were the country equivalent of a boy band.
Rascal Flatts began as a family affair. Jay DeMarcus and Gary LeVox are second cousins who grew up in Columbus, Ohio, and used to sing and play together at family get-togethers. DeMarcus' parents were full-time musicians in Columbus. In the early 1990s, DeMarcus joined the Christian band East to West and moved to Nashville, Tennessee, to pursue a music career. There, he got a job leading the backup band of contemporary country singer Chely Wright.
In 1997, DeMarcus convinced his cousin to join him in Nashville. When DeMarcus was not on the road, he, LeVox and a guitarist performed together regularly at a Nashville country-music club called the Fiddle and Steel Guitar Bar. One night, when their regular guitarist could not play, DeMarcus invited Joe Don Rooney, his bandmate in Wright's touring group, to sit in. The three men quickly discovered their voices formed natural three-part harmonies. "Gary is such a great singer, and Joe Don naturally sings the high part over Gary," their co-manager, Doug Nichols, told Ken Tucker of Billboard . "It's naturally where his voice is. Jay sings the fifth below, which is naturally where his voice is. You can't go find three people like that."
The trio sent a well-produced, market-ready three-song demo to Lyric Street Records, which signed them in the summer of 1999. The record company moved quickly to record and release the band's first album. The band and their producers were good at delivering catchy songs, and the label was afraid that, after word of the signing spread, other male country trios might appear quickly and debut first. By early in 2000, Rascal Flatts was visiting country radio stations, singing and trying to get airplay for the first album. The self-titled album spawned four singles that broke onto country radio, "Prayin' for Daylight" and "This Everyday Love" (which were both on their original demo), "While You Loved Me," and "I'm Movin' On." The latter, considered a risky single to release because it was a ballad, touched a nerve with listeners. "We got letters and still receive e-mails on that song, how it's changed people's lives and [helped them] get over alcohol and depression," Rooney told Billboard 's Tucker. "It's wonderful to know that your music can be a healer like that."
The singles quickly hit the country chart. But neither music critics nor country traditionalists welcomed the band warmly. Rascal Flatts became tagged as a country version of a boy band, a young pop group singing light songs for women. "Rascal Flatts first hit in the spring of 2000, just as pop's boy-band craze started to wane—even though some country labels were still trying to cash in on the fad," explained Brian Mansfield of USA Today . "Rascal Flatts—with clean-cut looks, showy vocals and pop-influenced arrangements—quickly found fans, as well as detractors willing to lump them with the boy-band knockoffs." For some country fans, the lead singer's voice may have been part of the problem. "LeVox's singing style didn't hark back to any traditional country archetypes," Mansfield wrote. "It was an unusual combination of nasal, bluegrass-bred tone and phrasing patterned after R&B singers such as Stevie Wonder and Peabo Bryson." The band and their record company tried to counter the boy band label by offering a live concert show to the country-music cable station CMT. The special, "Rascal Flatts: Live From the Sunset Strip," showed off their abilities as musicians and started an ongoing relationship with CMT that has been fruitful for the band. In an unusual move, the band has even released videos for album tracks that were never released as singles, as a way to boost album sales.
Melt , Rascal Flatts' second album, was released in 2002. The band promoted it by headlining a tour sponsored by CMT. One single from the album, "These Days," hit No. 1 on the country chart. A reviewer for Billboard pronounced Melt better than the band's debut, thanks to stronger song quality, good arrangements and impressive harmonies. The band's steamy video for another single, "I Melt," attracted notoriety and publicity, since it included a brief shot of Rooney nude from behind and suggestive shots of a female model playing his girlfriend. (CMT blurred out Rooney's buttocks when it showed the video during the day.) "We wanted to get the best, classy interpretation of the song that we could possibly do," DeMarcus told Mansfield of USA Today . "It's a sexy song. It's about preparing to love on your significant other." Another successful strategy the band pursued was touring as an opening act for country stars such as Brooks & Dunn in 2002, Toby Keith in 2003, and Kenny Chesney in 2004, even after they proved capable of headlining tours on their own, and after the fall 2002 CMT tour sold out in several cities.
The band cites various influences on their sound. LeVox, the lead vocalist, mentions classic country singer George Jones as well as soul singer Stevie Wonder, while Rooney, the guitarist, cites both country guitar virtuoso Chet Atkins and rock guitarists Eric Clapton and Jeff Beck. All three band members are influenced by the hugely popular country band Alabama. That loyalty may have attracted the attention of one of their heroes. "Randy Owen from Alabama grabbed me by the shoulders at the CMA Awards in New York," DeMarcus told USA Today 's Mansfield. "He said, 'I'm not going to BS you, buddy. Nobody likes you. Everybody hates you. You're just taking over the spot we were in 20 years ago.'" Though each Rascal Flatts album has included some songs the band members wrote, they also sing many songs by other writers, a decision that often means a band gets less respect from critics. "You start getting into trouble as an artist when you say, 'We're only going to record things that we've written,' especially when you live in a town where some of the greatest songwriters in the world live," LeVox told Billboard 's Tucker. "Our egos aren't the ones speaking. It's our hearts."
The 2004 album Feels Like Today , like its predecessors, generated several hit singles. One, the tear-jerker "Skin (Sarabeth)," told the story of a high-school student fighting off cancer who is afraid to go to her prom since her treatments have left her bald, until her date arrives with his head shaved. Several country stations played it during telethons to raise donations for St. Jude Children's Research Hospital in Memphis, Tennessee. Critics alternately described the song as powerful and over-the-top maudlin. Around this time, the band's huge popularity was increased by the hit pop-singer-audition show American Idol . Two of its country-influenced stars, Carrie Underwood and Josh Gracin, sang Rascal Flatts songs on the show. However, critical opinion was still against them.
People reviewer Ralph Novak, for instance, gave Feels Like Today only two stars. While acknowledging that the boy-band comparison was not entirely fair—all three members "are much better singers than the 'N Sync/Backstreet Boys crowd," he wrote—Novak complained that LeVox was totally unsubtle and that the band's songs had "a treacly, dispirited sameness." Darryl Morden of the Hollywood Reporter saw a Rascal Flatts show in Los Angeles in 2005 and left unimpressed. "The music falls flat," he declared. "It's country for people who don't want real country." The band's sound owed more to bland 1980s rock than classic country, Morden argued, and an encore medley of rock hits convinced him that the band was superficial. During Bruce Springsteen's "Born in the U.S.A.," he wrote, "De-Marcus asked whether the audience was proud to be American"—not realizing, Morden noted, that "Born in the U.S.A." is a bitter song about an unemployed Vietnam veteran who feels left behind after returning from the war.
For their fourth album, Me and My Gang , instead of working with their longtime producers, Mark Bright and Marty Williams, Rascal Flatts hired veteran session guitarist Dann Huff as producer. "Sometimes in this business you can sit idle for too long, and we kind of felt like we were sitting idle," Rooney told Tucker of Billboard . "We were having success and were in a good place, but still felt like something needed to give or be inspired, really. It was nothing against them, it was just that we wanted to go another direction."
Huff worked to make the new album sound more like Rascal Flatts' sound in concert. He also encouraged the band to take new musical risks. After mostly singing and not playing his guitar much on the first three albums, Rooney played all nine guitar solos on Me and My Gang , in part thanks to instruction from Huff. "He brought more out of me than I ever could have done without him," Rooney told USA Today 's Mansfield.
In 2006, to support Me and My Gang , Rascal Flatts mounted another huge tour, with stops at several large amphitheaters. Of the 24 shows in the tour's first leg, 21 were sellouts. "We're really arena guys," Rooney told Ray Waddell of Billboard . "There's something about the energy that's captured in an arena setting." The band also continued to play state fairs, popular venues for country bands. One reviewer was unimpressed with the New York show on the tour, though. Kelefa Sanneh of the New York Times noted that LeVox took many trips backstage and seemed to have trouble sustaining his voice for a whole song. "From the start something wasn't quite right: He would murmur a few lines, find his voice in time to deliver a few big notes, then ask the audience to fill in the gaps," Sanneh wrote. De-Marcus took over the spotlight at one point by taking over the drums to play a solo, then singing the Eagles song "Hotel California."
The band members have often spoken bitterly about the press' insistence on calling them a boy band, and their hopes of transcending that pigeonhole. To be sure, there are a few exceptions to the critical disdain. Chuck Taylor of Billboard , for one, raved about the No. 1 single "What Hurts the Most," praising its melody and calling its vocals passionate. "one of the best songs we've heard this year," he wrote. Billboard 's Michael Paoletta declared that Rascal Flatts "showcase mighty chops." Yet some press still dislike them for the softness of their music. The fact that women outnumber men about 15 to 1 among Rascal Flatts concert ticket-buyers does not help them shake their reputation. Entertainment Weekly 's Chris Hillman gave Me and My Gang a grade of C for a near-lack of memorable hooks. "Spectacularly wimpy," the New York Times ' Sanneh called the band while reviewing the album.
In April of 2006, Rooney married a Playboy Playmate of the Year, Tiffany Fallon. The wedding took place in San Jose del Cabo, Mexico, and Rascal Flatts performed at the reception. (DeMarcus' wife, whom he married in 2004, is a former Miss Tennessee. LeVox is also married, and has two daughters, Brittany and Brooklyn.) As 2006 progressed, DeMarcus produced an album by longtime classic-pop-rock stars Chicago. Rooney was pursuing a side project with a band in Los Angeles, California. The band was preparing to star in a television concert to celebrate the start of the 2006 National Football League season.
, Lyric Street, 2000.
Feels Like Today
Me and My Gang
Billboard , November 16, 2002, p. 25; August 20, 2005, p. 67; April 15, 2006, pp. 31-40, pp. 42-46, pp. 48-49; May 27, 2006, p. 49.
Daily Variety , May 23, 2006, p. A5.
Entertainment Weekly , April 21, 2006, p. 73.
Hollywood Reporter , July 12, 2005, p. 22.
New York Times , April 10, 2006, pp. E1-E6; May 29, 2006, pp. E1-E6.
People , December 9, 2002, p. 50; October 18, 2004, p. 44; May 8, 2006, p. 48, p. 189.
Rolling Stone , July 13, 2006, p. 98.
USA Today , July 14, 2003, p. 1D; April 3, 2006, p. 1D; July 12, 2006, p. 1D.
Rascal Flatts, http://www.rascalflatts.com (August 19, 2006).
"Rascal Flatts: Biography" CMT.com, http://www.cmt.com/artists/az/rascal_flatts/bio.jhtml (August 19, 2006).
Rascal Flatts Biography forum
Nambaryn Enkhbayar Biography Flavor Flav Biography |
CULTURE/
STYLE/
Girl's Day's Yura Shows Her Sexy Denim Look for "GEEK" Magazine
Inquisitive Bro-Migo, Aug. 21, 2015, 11:51 a.m.
Girl's Day's Yura showed that she can look both innocent and sexy at the same exact time on the cover of men's magazine "Geek". In her interview, she admitted that member Minah had moved out of their dorm. Yura commented, "After Minah left our home to live with her sister, the three of us all sit together and eat whatever with the TV on. We watch TV while squealing and shouting. We drink once in a while too, and sometimes we lie on our beds like hamburgers and chatter away."
She went on to say, "When we play, we all hang out like friends but there is an age gap, so the oldest is the oldest and the youngest is the youngest. We have those boundaries and automatically respect each other and are considerate of each other."
Yura discussed how much she loved her fans by saying, "They're strangers. When you think about it, I'm a stranger to them and who am I to receive letters from people whose parents don't even get letters? They take the time to come see me from far away. Without doing anything, I know that I receive so much, so I love my fans. I act silly so much, and people see me and say, 'Fool, she's a fool', but I still feel good."
She sure doesn't seem like a fool in her photoshoot it seems, and we're loving her damp hairstyle and denim on denim outfit! Grab your own copy of the September issue of "GEEK" magazine! |
Q: Android Kotlin ImageView binding How do I bind data to an imageview in kotlin?
<ImageView
app:photoFilePath="@{item.photoFilePath}"
android:layout_width="60dp"
android:layout_height="60dp"
/>
This is my class what i have implemented :
class OrderInfoFragment : BaseDialogFragment() {
private lateinit var mOrderItem: OrderItem
override fun onCreateDialog(savedInstanceState: Bundle?): Dialog {
val inflater = activity.layoutInflater
val binding = DataBindingUtil.inflate<FragmentOrderInfoBinding>(
inflater, R.layout.fragment_order_info, null, false)
val view = binding.root
binding.item = mOrderItem
}
@BindingAdapter("bind:photoFilePath")
fun loadPhotoFilePath(imageView: ImageView, path: String) {
}
}
I have tried using loadPhotoFilePath in the companion object.
A: FunctionloadPhotoFilePath should be out of class, place it above class OrderInfoFragment.
Or another way would be to annotate it as @JvmStatic
|
A Lab Aloft (International Space Station Research)
Tag: cardiovascular disease
Science in Short: Vascular Echo
Before and after spaceflight the Vascular Echo research team takes measurements of the arteries with ultrasound and pressure sensors to determine arterial stiffness. (Credit: Dr. Richard Hughson) © Canadian Space Agency.
Anyone over 40 who is interested in their heart health can relate to a study that began on the International Space Station last week. As we get older, our arteries stiffen and this causes an increase in blood pressure (hypertension) and elevates the risk for cardiovascular disease. In so many ways, the effects of space on the human body look a lot like ageing, and there is evidence that when some astronauts go to the ISS their arteries stiffen. Could the effect be similar to the effects of lack of physical activity on Earth?
On Jan. 7 and 8, Tim Peake performed the first Vascular Echo Ultrasound session and used the Portable Doppler for the first time on orbit as part of the Vascular Echo study. The study is led by the Canadian Space Agency and its PI, Dr. Richard Hughson has a long career of innovative studies on heart and vascular health in space. Dr. Hughson is also a great international collaborator. Scientists from Canada and France are collaborating on this study, and the US, Germany and the UK were involved in the operations. It will be interesting for scientists from around the world to better understand if the challenges to the human body from being in space have an effect on stiffening of the arteries.
Julie A. Robinson, Ph.D.
International Space Station Chief Scientist
Author rabarryPosted on January 15, 2016 Tags Canadian Space Agency, cardiovascular disease, CSA, Heart Health, vascular echoLeave a comment on Science in Short: Vascular Echo
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A Lab Aloft (International Space Station Research) National Aeronautics and Space Administration NASA Official: Brian Dunbar |
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The University of Ghana Business School is looking to hire a Dean from 1st August, 2011. The Dean reports to the Vice Chancellor. The University of Ghana Business School has over the years established itself as a centre of excellence in management education in the West African Region. It currently has over 2000 students studying at both undergraduate and graduate levels, including the flagship Executive MBA programme. The academic programmes of the School are run in the following six major Departments: Accounting, Finance and Banking,
Organisation & Human Resource Management
Operations and Management Information Systems
Marketing and Customer Management and
Public Administration & Health Services Management.
QUALIFICATIONS FOR THE POSITIONS ARE:
(a) Must be of professorial status from an academic/research institution or a person from industry eligible for that position.
(b) Must be capable of providing academic leadership especially in the area of teaching, research and extension in the relevant disciplines.
(c) Must provide evidence of managerial and administrative leadership and capacity to promote a collegial working environment in the Faculty/School/Institute.
(d) Must demonstrate capacity to attract funding for research and development.
(e) Must have the vision and the drive to oversee the growth and development of the School
Professor Robert Ebo Hinson
Dept. of Marketing and Customer Management
University of Ghana Business School
P. O. Box LG 78
Legon-Accra
For assistance: [log in to unmask] |
Ro-go dai 31 Sensuikan 呂号第三十一潜水艦, aka Ro-31 ロ31 was a Japanese warship (Submarine second class). The third unit out of 4 Navy medium special type submarines.
This page was last modified on 18 March 2019, at 03:41. |
As the echoes of survivors' stories of harassment and assault continue to reverberate through our culture, many of our clients have taken the time to re-evaluate sexual harassment policies and prevention measures for their businesses. Not only is this the right thing to do to ensure that your employees feel safe, welcome, and included at work, it also may prevent needless liability for your organization.
What is the culture of your organization? What is your written (and/or unwritten) code of conduct? Which behaviors are acceptable and which warrant discipline? Are bad behaviors tolerated? If so, why and when are they permitted? Do employees feel safe in their environment? If they have lodged complaints about workplace harassment or other issues, have their complaints been addressed satisfactorily? Often the culture of an organization looks much different from the perspective of entry- and mid-level employees than it does from management's view. How can management bridge that divide and obtain useful information about the business' actual culture? And what action should management take on the basis of that information?
First, survey your employees to allow them an anonymous opportunity to have a voice about the culture of the organization—before they do it themselves. Surveys can be conducted internally or with the help of company culture and employee relations experts. Once the surveys have been collected and analyzed, be prepared to act on the results. Study after study has shown that employees who feel safe, secure, and valued are more productive for your business.
Look for patterns. If you have repeated complaints about one employee, terminate his or her employment. Quickly. The old adage "hire slowly, fire swiftly" bears repeating. Nothing – no sales numbers, no network of contacts, no brilliant strategy – is worth causing your valued employees embarrassment or pain, or the possibility that you have allowed, or tacitly condoned, repeated bad acts (for which you will be held accountable). And if you have a problem employee that you allow to remain employed and for whom you consistently clean up "messes," even settlement agreements with confidentiality clauses can become admissible as evidence in subsequent actions and may come back to haunt you (and possibly establish that you engaged in or allowed a pattern and practice of harassment).
Once you have evaluated the culture, decide what is healthy and positive and should be kept, and what must be discarded and revamped. Then train, train, train. Teach your managers and employees proper communication techniques, appropriate office conduct, conflict resolution, and proper protocol for filing grievances. Remember, some people (potentially members of your management team) may struggle with empathy and have difficulty understanding what it's like to be on the receiving end of a joke or suggestive comment. They might not comprehend how deeply such behavior can hurt another person, driving him or her straight to the courthouse. Training is the proper antidote: teach your employees perspective-taking and be very clear about the boundaries of acceptable behavior in your organization.
Once you've evaluated and moved your culture in the right direction, go in depth about how to handle internal complaints regarding sexual harassment.
It is integral that you have policies and procedures in place for preventing and addressing sexual harassment in your workplace. This is one of the first questions the EEOC will ask if your business is subjected to an action based on harassment. Your policy should provide for multiple methods of reporting harassing behaviors to ensure that victims can report around managers that may be the alleged perpetrators.
Make sure that you train your employees on your sexual harassment policies. It is not enough to slap a 75-page book of procedures onto your employee's desk (or better yet, send them a link to download the policy), and then expect them to read, comprehend, and faithfully implement it on their own. Be proactive: host a training to review the handbook in a group setting (at the very least for managers responsible for implementing the policies). You'll receive valuable feedback regarding policy implementation, thoughtful questions you might not have considered, and previews of potential pitfalls. You will also have the assurance that you have done everything possible to free your workplace of unwanted behavior. Your employees will notice – as will any fact-finder in subsequent litigation.
How can you determine whether managers are indeed abiding by the policies you have promulgated? What actions are necessary if the policies are being ignored or disregarded? Your policies, mission statement, and codes of conduct will be meaningless unless you have clear consequences for those who choose to violate the rules.
In addition to climate surveys, utilize anonymous 360 evaluations and exit interviews regularly and routinely to help your management team have a more complete picture of its people-related performance. Once new policies have been in place for some time, ask employees to evaluate interpersonal communication skills, conflict resolution skills, the degree to which they feel included in the business unit, and whether they feel policies and procedures are enforced fairly. Employees who are given the opportunity to provide candid feedback on management can help you prevent disasters. These surveys and conversations can also serve to provide answers to nagging questions about your organization: Why is morale low? Why are employees leaving a division of your company as if there is a revolving door? The answers are at your fingertips if you only ask. As mentioned above, be prepared to take action on the results you receive.
Document and investigate all instances of complaints you receive from employees while keeping sensitive information confidential if you have agreed to do so. Depending on the type of allegations involved, involving a third party (e.g., your employment legal counsel) can help ensure the investigation is conducted swiftly, correctly, and resolved in a manner that can help avoid litigation.
For repeated, lower-level infractions that do not warrant immediate termination, ensure that you record problems through devices such as Performance Improvement Plans (PIPs) and written warnings to confirm wrongful behavior stops immediately. Failure to document and act on employee misconduct can be viewed as condonation by the employer under Illinois law. Doing nothing is not an option.
Be proactive about stopping the wrongful behavior the #MeToo movement has finally shone a light on. Following the above steps can help guide your organization towards being a safe place for all employees. Instead of getting demoralized by workplace troubles, your valued employees will feel free to focus on their most important task – the work of your business.
For more information on strategies ensuring that your employees work in a discrimination- and harassment-free environment, including workplace training, contact us today. |
Europe's policymakers hope a new programme to facilitate securitization will help set free lending to small and medium-sized enterprises. But ABS specialists doubt the initiative will work – and if it is needed at all.
Chain reaction: Can the need for SME finance set Europe's securitization market free? |
I thought you might be interested in this item at http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/558431707 Title: Outside the fold : conversion, modernity, and belief Author: Gauri Viswanathan Publisher: Princeton, N.J. : Princeton University Press, ©1998. ISBN/ISSN: 0195645774 9780195645774 0691058989 9780691058986 9781400843480 1400843480 OCLC:558431707
Outside the fold : conversion, modernity, and belief
Gauri Viswanathan
Princeton, N.J. : Princeton University Press, ©1998.
ACLS Humanities E-Book.
"Outside the Fold is a radical reexamination of religious conversion. Gauri Viswanathan skillfully argues that conversion is an interpretive act that belongs in the realm of cultural criticism. To that end, this work examines key moments in colonial and postcolonial history to show how conversion questions the limitations of secular ideologies, particularly the discourse of rights central to both the British empire and the British nation-state. Implicit in such questioning is an attempt to construct an alternative epistemological and ethical foundation of national community. Viswanathan grounds her study in an examination of two simultaneous and, she asserts, linked events: the legal emancipation of religious minorities in England and the acculturation of colonial subjects to British rule. The author views these two apparently disparate events as part of a common pattern of national consolidation that produced the English state. She seeks to explain why resistance, in both cases, frequently took the form of religious conversion, especially to "minority" or alternative religions. Confronting the general characterization of conversion as assimilative and annihilating of identity, Viswanathan demonstrates that a willful change of religion can be seen instead as an act of opposition. Outside the Fold concludes that, as a form of cultural crossing, conversion comes to represent a vital release into difference." Read more...
Conversion -- Comparative studies.
India -- Religion -- 19th century.
muse.jhu.edu Full text available:
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Viswanathan, Gauri.
Outside the fold.
Princeton, N.J. : Princeton University Press, ©1998
(DLC) 97034908
Find more information about: Gauri Viswanathan
Winner of Association for Asian Studies South Asia Council Ananda Kentish Coomaraswamy Book Prize 2000
Winner of Modern Language Association James Russell Lowell Prize 1999
Winner of American Comparative Literature Association's Harry Levin Prize 1999
1 online resource (xx, 332 pages) : illustrations
pt. 1. Dissent and the nation. Ch. 1. Cross currents. Ch. 2. A grammar of dissent pt. 2. Colonial interventions. Ch. 3. Rights of passage: converts' testimonies. Ch. 4. Silencing heresy. Ch. 5. Ethnographic plots. Ch. 6. Conversion, theosophy, and race theory pt. 3. The imagined community. Ch. 7. Conversion to equality. Ch. 8. Epilogue: the right to belief. Appendix. The census of India, 1901.
Gauri Viswanathan.
A re-examination of religious conversion in which the author argues that it is an interpretive act that belongs in the realm of cultural criticism. She examines key moments in colonial and postcolonial history to show how conversion questions the limitations of secular ideologies. Read more...
"Winner of the 1999 Harry Levin Prize, American Comparative Literature Association" "Winner of the 1999 James Russell Lowell Prize, Modern Language Association" "Winner of the 2000 Ananda Kentish Coomaraswamy Book Prize, South Asia Council of the Association for Asian Studies" "Outside the Fold is an intriguing and wide-ranging set of essays exploring the meaning of conversion. But beyond that, it is a commentary on the transcultural experience of colonialism and modernity."---David Mosse, Journal of the Royal Anthropological Institute Read more...
Add tags for "Outside the fold : conversion, modernity, and belief". Be the first.
England -- Religion.
Religion and politics -- Comparative studies.
Religion and culture -- Comparative studies.
SOCIAL SCIENCE / Anthropology / General
Conversion.
Religion and culture.
Religion and politics.
Religion - General.
Philosophy & Religion. |
Q: Small triangle appear when changing the edge labelling in tikz I want to create a directed graph. I am using the "tikz"-package. When I am compiling the code, some edge of size 0 are created.
By changing the code to \draw the edge have disappeared.
Code to reproduce the issue:
\documentclass{article}
\usepackage{tikz}
\usetikzlibrary{arrows,decorations.pathmorphing,backgrounds,positioning,fit,matrix,arrows.meta}
\begin{document}
\begin{tikzpicture}[>=stealth', shorten >=1pt,
node distance=2cm, scale=1, font=\scriptsize,
state/.style={circle, draw, minimum size=0.7cm}]
\node[state] (1) at (0,0) {$s$};
\node[state, above right of=1] (2) {$v_1$};
\node[state, below right of=1] (3) {$v_2$};
\node[state, right of=2] (4) {$v_3$};
\node[state, right of=3] (5) {$v_4$};
\node[state, below right of=4] (6) {$t$};
\path[draw, ->, red, thick] (1.60) edge node [above left] {12} (2.210);
\path[draw, <-] (1.30) edge node [below right] {4} (2.240);
\path[draw, ->] (2.15) edge node [above] {8} (4.165);
\path[draw, <-] (2.345) edge node [below] {4} (4.195);
\path[draw, ->, red, thick] (4.330) edge node [above right] {16} (6.120);
\path[draw, <-] (4.300) edge node [below left] {4} (6.150);
\path[draw, ->] (1.330) edge node [above right] {9} (3.120);
\path[draw, <-] (1.300) edge node [below left] {4} (3.150);
\path[draw, <-, red, thick] (3) edge node [right] {4} (2);
\path[draw, ->] (3.15) edge node [above] {10} (5.165);
\path[draw, <-] (3.345) edge node [below] {4} (5.195);
\path[draw, ->] (5) edge node [below right] {4} (6);
\path[draw, ->] (5) edge node [right] {7} (4);
\path[draw, ->] (4.240) edge node [below right] {5} (3.30);
\path[draw, <-, red, thick] (4.210) edge node [above left] {4} (3.60);
\end{tikzpicture}
\end{document}
A: \documentclass{article}
\usepackage{tikz}
\usetikzlibrary{arrows,decorations.pathmorphing,backgrounds,positioning,fit,matrix,arrows.meta}
\begin{document}
\begin{tikzpicture}[>=stealth', shorten >=1pt,
node distance=2cm, scale=1, font=\scriptsize,
state/.style={circle, draw, minimum size=0.7cm}]
\node[state] (1) at (0,0) {$s$};
\node[state, above right of=1] (2) {$v_1$};
\node[state, below right of=1] (3) {$v_2$};
\node[state, right of=2] (4) {$v_3$};
\node[state, right of=3] (5) {$v_4$};
\node[state, below right of=4] (6) {$t$};
\path (1.60) edge [->, red, thick] node [above left] {12} (2.210);
\path (1.30) edge [<-] node [below right] {4} (2.240);
\path (2.15) edge [->] node [above] {8} (4.165);
\path (2.345) edge [<-] node [below] {4} (4.195);
\path (4.330) edge [->, red, thick] node [above right] {16} (6.120);
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Besiktas manager Senol Gunes has confirmed that Anderson Talisca will move to a Premier League club this summer.
The forward spent the season on loan in Turkey but remains contracted to Benfica, which makes his comments, suspicious to say the least.
Talisca netted 37 goals across all competitions and impressed in the Champions League stages.
In the past 24 hours, reports have stepped up a notch linking Talisca with a move to Manchester United.
Now Gunes has added fuel to the fire by confirming he would move to a Premier League club this summer, although he doesn't say which one.
Jose Mourinho looks set to lose Marouane Fellaini on a free, as per Sky Sports, and after losing Michael Carrick to retirement, in turn, should look to add a player capable of matching the Belgian's height and Carrick's creativity. The former England international was a key figure in Sir Alex Ferguson's later squads. His ability to protect the defence and get the ball forward is what this United team lacks today.
There is a sense of fight about Talisca that would go down well with United fans. It's something I wouldn't be surprised to see Mourinho push on Ed Woodward to add to his side this summer. |
Our big news today is all about TOPS Infosolutions being chosen as a proficient Web and software developer, by one of the popular mediums to promote the IT service firms, TopDevelopers.co.
The recent Press release of the TopDevelopers.co gave us a proud recognition and titled us as a client-friendly and productive web and software developer in the country!
The press release was to honor the notable web and custom software developers whose potential has been evoking new business and brands. The article brings to light the teams with a technical skill set and capability to shape any mere idea into a profit-making business source.
The actuality of intelligent software development lies in the expertise of the teams involved in developing the projects. TOPS Infosolutions is one of the reliable service providers with 8 years of expertise in the core area of software and web development and other related services.
The team TOPS Infosolutions is an in-house team with talents to develop projects from start to finish. Our team work has proudly introduced many successful brands and businesses to the world. Our painstaking measures to attain perfection in our efforts have offered the results and made our client's choice valuable.
With a team of 150+ dedicated developers, software professionals and technical experts, TOPS Infosolutions, is a well-known name in offering trustworthy IT services. Apart from web and software development, we also provide effective Mobile app development, Enterprise Mobility, CRM Development, eCommerce/Retail Solutions, BLE Solutions, IoT Solutions, ReactJS, AngularJS, NodeJS, as well as Laravel development services. Our clients are much satisfied with our service, and their reviews help us reinforce our brand value and credibility.
Our accumulated awards and honors are not for our promotion, but they emphasize our hard work and signs of motivation to deliver the best result for our clients. Our ultimate aim is to offer our clients an innovative, effective yet receptive technical product that will make them successful eventually. Our portfolio and our works are the testimonials of our excellent technical knowledge. We interpret the client needs and the business needs thoroughly to get an overall outcome. Our research and learning sessions make our developers sharpen their intelligence in dealing with crises and complexities that arise during project cycles.
Our friendly approach and integral propensity to actively mobilize businesses through technology have gained this appreciation from the TopDevelopers.co, a mention on their press release, which has listed the top and efficient web and software developers in the UK, USA, and India.
TopDevelopers.co is grasping the attention of IT firms for their impartial promotional activities, realistic approach towards the companies and reasonable services that will add to the brand value of their clients. TOPS Infosolutions' profile on TopDevelopers.co is a productive initiative for our business development, and their process is quite inspiring! The representatives of TopDevelopers are friendly, and the support team is approachable any time. They communicate well, listen to the clients' plight and make sure that the technical or the non-technical issues resolved in time. TOPS Infosolutions feels that the TopDevelopers.co carries its goals and promises remarkably well and we wish them to continue their excellent service!
TopDevelopers.co is a directory and review platform for IT service providers. They are offering an unbiased service by listing the genuine and highly professional IT firms that can help the service seekers better through quality technical services. The research team of TopDevelopers chooses the best firms by filtering a vast list of companies and introduces only the competitive names to the businesses, enterprises, and entrepreneurs to partner with. The company has a friendly team of researchers and a hassle-free communication system. They provide the listing service for various technologies and services, which makes it a one-stop destination to find your perfect technology partner. |
Please help improve it by adding dated informations, images and videos about Dan Quayle.
Mitch Daniels - In 1988, Dan Quayle was elected Vice President of the United States, and Governor of Indiana Robert D. Orr offered to appoint Daniels to Quayle's vacant Senate seat, but Daniels declined, fearing it would force him to spend too much time away from his family.
Sarah Palin - This was "the lowest vote of confidence in a running mate since the elder George Bush chose-Indiana senator Dan Quayle to join his ticket in 1988.
Murphy Brown - It achieved a high level of political notoriety in the 1992 presidential election when Dan Quayle mentioned the show in a campaign speech, afterwards known as the "Murphy Brown speech"
George Herbert Walker Bush - This tenth presidential library was built between 1995 and 1997 and contains the presidential and vice-presidential papers of Bush and the vice-presidential papers of Dan Quayle.
In April 1999, Quayle announced his candidacy for the 2000 Republican presidential nomination, attacking front-runner George W. Bush by saying "we do not want another candidate who needs on-the-job training" |
Budget airline appoints new general director
Friday, Dec 09, 2016 16:43
Nguyen Quoc Phuong (right) has been appointed General Director of Jetstar Pacific Airline for its five-year strategic development between 2016-20. — Photo Jetstar Pacific
Jetstar Pacific Airline has appointed Nguyen Quoc Phuong as new General Director for its five-year strategic development between 2016-20.
The airline said in a statement on December 9 that Phuong, formerly of national flag carrier Viet Nam Airlines' European Zone Office, will replace former general manager, Le Hong Ha to take the helm from December.
Jetstar Pacific said Ha will completely take over as Chief Executive Officer (CEO).
Phuong said the airline will target safe flights and friendly service for the next five-year term, in close co-operation with Viet Nam Airlines and Qantas Airways.
Jetstar Pacific, a member company of the Jetstar Group – comprising Jetstar Asia (Singapore), Jetstar Japan (Japan) and Jetstar Airways in Australia and New Zealand – operates 4,200 weekly return flights to 80 destinations in 17 countries across the world.
It's also the first budget airline in Viet Nam operating 37 domestic and international routes from Viet Nam to the rest of the world.
Recently, the two major shareholders of the airline, Vietnam Airlines (70 per cent share) and the Qantas Group (30 per cent), committed to the long-term development and success of Jetstar Pacific. The two shareholders expect Jetstar Pacific to have a fleet of up to 30 aircraft by 2020.
In July 2016, the low-cost airline inked a contract to buy 10 Airbus A320 CEO Sharklets from Airbus as part of the airline's development plan for 2016-20.
Last year, Jetstar Pacific signed a three-year comprehensive engine maintenance agreement with Lufthansa Technik AG.
Viet Nam's Industry and Trade Bank, Vietinbank, agreed to provide a loan worth US$117 million for Jetstar to buy 10 Airbus 320 CEO aircraft following a co-operation programme inked in 2015. — VNS
Tags Jetstar Pacific General Director Nguyen Quoc Phuong
VIB wins "Bank of the Year 2016" award
Nguyen Kim to open 14 new stores
DAS Capital to invest in Tan Tao Group
Kohler celebrates 10 years in Viet Nam
Eurasia Concept takes the lead in distributing luxury Italian furniture
Vietnam Airlines flies Boeing 787-9 to Sydney
Making sustainable development a reality for all businesses in Viet Nam
TPBank launches new eBank version 8.0
10,000 people run for children with heart disease
Central Group VN signs with HPA, Vietcraft
Nestlé debuts culinary programme in VN
Viet Nam seeks to provide fair treatment to ride-hailing, traditional taxi firms
State Audit of Viet Nam to concentrate on IT and environmental audit
Firms urged to prepare for escalating US-China trade war
Central province eyes $287m cement factory
Airlines need to take the initiative in human resources, says transport ministry official |
Why Weiner Isn't Going Anywhere Soon
by Anthony Stasi Queens Ledger
Aug 07, 2013 | 7501 views | 0 | 265 | |
Anthony Weiner still has a campaign for the very reason I have said all along, what else is there for him to do?
Calling for him to drop out of the race is futile for establishment Democrats. Weiner has his own money, so he doesn't need the party endorsement. In fact, many people win without their party offering support at the primary stage of the game.
What would Anthony Weiner do if he dropped out of this race? He is not going to get an appointment with the Obama administration. He would most likely not work on a possible Hillary Clinton presedential campaign.
Maybe he could get a teaching gig at Columbia University as a visiting professor, but even that seems out of reach. He has to stay in this race because, well, why not?
Some people are surprised by the support that he gets on the campaign trail. Weiner is very similar to Senator Rand Paul from Kentucky on the Republican side of the aisle in the U.S. Senate. The analogy is awkward, but when partisan voters see a person "standing up" to the other party, they see their guy.
Personal scandals and even odd policy stances are not as important as someone who shouts back, and Anthony Weiner shouts back. He still has support, although I would argue that a lot of it might be stuck in Queens.
Anthony Weiner gets applause because he gives certain people a sense that he has their backs, even if a lot of it is rhetoric. He is the guy that got Youtube to ban those videos produced by terrorists. Important policy? Not really, but he shouted back on that, and people in the outer boroughs eat that stuff up.
Anthony Weiner is still not out of the woods in this campaign. Bill Thompson is the opposite of Weiner; he does not shout back, not often anyway. Thompson does not draw fire-and-brimstone support, but that is his biggest strength. He brings a sense of adulthood to a very important race.
Thompson is a good closer in that he gets the votes when they count. Remember how far behind he was against Mike Bloomberg in 2009? He almost won on Election Day.
Here are two candidates, one under the radar and one well above it. This column has focused a lot on Bill Thompson in the last few months, and for good reason. I still think he is the hidden favorite to be the next mayor of New York City. If the election were held today, many in the Democratic Party would get behind him, even if they do it quietly.
Lew Simon's HOV Lane
Southeast Queens City Council candidate Lew Simon wants to bring an HOV lane to the busy Cross Bay Blvd/Woodhaven Blvd. artery that runs from the Rockaways up to Queens Blvd.
He says that such a lane, open to vehicles of three passengers or more, would be a way to cut down on traffic. This idea does, however, assume that people can travel with others. In other words, people with the same work schedules could definitely take advantage of such a lane. The question is whether there are enough three-passenger groups to make it feasible.
Any idea that aims to reduce traffic is worth looking at. Analysts would have to see how successful this has been wherever it has been tried. I do not see a lot of people utilizing an HOV lane on that stretch, but commuters in lower Queens may react differently. |
I always feel honored and fortunate to come to know people who can tell how life used to be in times of old. For me, their stories make history come to life. Understanding how things were long ago makes me cherish the luxuries we have today. My neighbor, Mary Wells -- born Mary Margaret Hummel -- can tell you a story or two.
Having moved to her Queen Anne style house near 63rd and Jay Road in 1920, except for a few short years during and right after college, Mary has lived in the same house for 90 years. Mary moved to her current residence at the age of 1 1/2, having lived at 63rd and Nelson prior to that. She calls herself the North 63rd Street girl. And who can argue with that.
Hearing Mary recount her experiences takes you back to another time. She tells about how her daddy discovered the exact location of the old Fort Chambers on their land while driving three teams of horses, plowing the field. The team came to a sudden stop and they discovered they were hung up on a corner post of the old sod fort. Fort Chambers was built in about 1864, as a training site in preparation for the Indian Wars. I don't believe it was ever used during an actual conflict.
If you think about it, in 1920, when Mary moved there, fewer years had passed since the civil war, than have passed since 1920. Listening to Mary tell about going to the Valmont School house makes me think of the Laura Ingalls Wilder stories. Right down to riding her horse, Nipper, to school when the snowdrifts made it too difficult to walk.
Mary's parents, Paul and Geneva, purchased their home from the county, the house having served as the Boulder County Poor Farm, housing some of the county's less fortunate from 1902-1918. The house was ahead of its time, having a Delco Light Plant, which generated the electricity, prior to the REA coming in the late 1930s. When the depression hit hard, to conserve fuel, Mary says they went back to using kerosene lamps to study by.
Walking around Mary's place you can tell that things have changed very little in decades. Her place is like a working museum, epitomized by the 1920's style gravity feed Texaco gas pump in the driveway.
After Valmont, Mary attended the Old Prep High School at 17th and Pearl, and was part of the last graduating class in 1937. In order to earn enough money to pay for gas to school, Mary raised a cow every year in the 4H.
Assisting her dad in his business, Valmont Farms & Cattle Co., Mary helped drive cattle from the sticks east of Boulder, up Lee Hill road and then into the high country, near Brainard and Mitchell lakes, where they held a Forest Service permit for ranging cattle. Because of the long drive Mary would put the calves in the Nash sedan-converted-to-pickup truck and give them a lift up the mountain.
Mary met her husband, Willard, at a Seventh Day Baptist denominational congregational meeting in Battle Creek, Michigan in 1940. After corresponding via letters for more than three years, they married in May 1944, and went on to raise three children on their 63rd Street farm.
Getting to know Mary and listening to her tell it makes some things seem plain. First, it sure appears that a little work never hurt anyone. Rather, it seems more likely that it builds character and makes one sturdy and understanding. Second, watching Mary, it's clear that happiness doesn't come from material possessions.
If you ask Mary the recipe for happiness she'll tell you it comes down to "having concern for others and helping those in need," and "doing what the Lord would like you to do."
As the recent fires have made clear, we often surround ourselves with lots of "stuff." Some of it more important than other. But in the end, that's all it is: stuff. Now possessions aren't bad, but I think they often compete with the more important things in life.
Seems to me, happiness is in finding our purpose in God, our family, friends and neighbors. For me, Mary Wells is an inspiration to live a simpler, more purposeful life. |
Young Hero is a brand that was started by two individuals, who wanted to use footwear and fashion as a means to teach teenagers about entrepreneurship and leadership. When you purchase a pair of our footwear, you are helping in our mission to provide internships and financial opportunities to teens that will give them a healthy alternative to the negative temptations that are so prevalent in their daily affairs. We systematically bring in teen interns with each financial goal we reach. Those teens are then shown how to start their own business from start to finish. We believe the results will mean less participation in drug use and violent behaviors. |
Everyplace else in America, "Seafood" restaurants are a category with several good restaurants. But not here. That's because this is the Catfish Capital of the World. We do love our seafood. We love Scallops, Shrimp, Flounder, Lobster and all the rest. But we grew up fishing for Catfish, learning various ways to fix Catfish, and eating Catfish. We fish for Catfish in rivers, farm ponds and local lakes. On weekends, we go to Kentucky Lake, Cumberland Lake, Dale Hollow and Nolin River Reservoir in search of large Catfish. And they do get large. Divers going down to check the foundations of dams on our rivers have to be careful because they encounter Catfish so big they're dangerous. We catch Catfish weighing 90 - 100 pounds. When we catch them, we know lots of ways to fix them : frying, grilling, broiling, steaming, etc. When we go out to eat, Catfish is one of our favorite menu items. So almost every restaurant in town offers a Catfish entree, either on the regular menu, or as a Special once a week or so. Given this situation, we have only two pure Seafood restaurants.
Red Lobster, a 1968 Florida chain, introduced Bowling Green to Corporate Seafood, and locals found out they liked it. This is a standardized menu : reliable, reasonably priced, low fat, low carb, low salt, and wood grilled. One of its popular sides is the Cheddar Bay Biscuits, which come with most entrees and can be ordered separately. They're especially good at combination platters, beginning with what must surely be one of America's greatest appetizers, the Seafood Sampler (lobster, crab, seafood stuffed mushrooms, clam strips and scallops for $10). This plus a cup of their Bayou Gumbo would be a meal in itself. Their Trio includes shrimp, shrimp scampi and shrimp linguini alfredo. The Feast includes a lobster tail, crab legs, shrimp scampi and shrimp. The Admiral's Plate includes shrimp, scallops, clams and flounder. RL's all time most popular entree is their Seafood Stuffed Flounder, with the Wood Grilled Giant Sea Scallops a close second.
Steamer Photo Steamer is the downtown Seafood restaurant, a block below the Square. The team behind it, WKU grads Dale Augenstein, Bryce Steele and Kody Brown, started in Hilton Head but wanted a restaurant back in Kentucky. When the State Street location opened up, they grabbed it. The house was built in 1818, is on the National Historic Register, and is the oldest brick structure still standing in town. In 1979 the wood floors were refurbished and the new wing added. But you come for the food, and it's excellent. The menu features such Carolina favorites as Charleston She Crab Shrimp Gumbo, Chicken Sausage Shrimp & Crab Gumbo, Octopus Tentacles, and Seafood Parfait (shrimp, crab, avocado marinated with spicy tomato sauce). There are Kettles filled with Shrimp, Clams Mussels and Oysters. The seven Salads are large and well crafted, our favorite being the Island Salmon Salad (Seared Salmon, Mixed Greens, Grilled Pineapple, Cranberries, Feta Cheese and Pecans). The Dungeness Crab Legs, Snow Crab Legs, Flounder, Scallops, Shrimp & Grits, Crab Cakes and Catfish are all good. For the risk takers, there's a Frogmore Stew (known in Carolina as a Low Country Boil), Voodoo Skillet (Blackened mix of Shrimp, Scallops, Smoked Sausage, Peppers, Onions and Potatoes) and Shrimp Creole. For nonseafood lovers there's Chicken, Ribs, Pasta, Pulled Pork and Burgers. Of the Sides, be sure to try the Collards, Red Rice and White Cheddar Cheese Grits. Save room for dessert : Key Lime Pie, Lemon Ice Box Cake, White Chocolate Peach Cobbler and Cinammon Breasd Pudding. |
Recent News: (click to read)
New hurdles for Albuquerque Rapid Transit
(August 1, 2016, Albuquerque Business First)
City wants appeals court to put ART plaintiffs on the hook for potential delays
Court: Pre-ART Work OK
(August 1, 2016, Albuquerque Free Press)
Email Reveals City Was Aware of Option NOT to Design ART with Double Dedicated Lanes
(August 2, 2016, makeartsmart.org)
Make ART Smart Replies to City's Mythbusters
(August 4, 2016)
Smart Solution
Our Past Deserves A Future
Thought provoking words and images regarding Central Avenue/Route 66, shared by Michael L. Dickson.
The CCG (Concerned Citizen's Group) prepares a point by point response to the City's "Mythbusters" document regarding the ART project.
…a recently discovered email from their Planner, dated February 14, 2014 (before the plans were even 10% complete), clearly shows that they knew they had the option NOT to design the streets with double dedicated bus lanes.
Independent Poll conducted on ART Project
Over 400 registered voters were asked questions regarding the Albuquerque Rapid Transit project and 56% opposed the project, with another 15% undecided. The article goes on to say that 78% of respondents thought that the project should be put to a popular vote.
A Vanishing Route 66
Celebrated photographer Robert Reck illuminates the simple beauty of Albuquerque's endangered Route 66/Central Ave.
ART Roadblock
The ABQ Free Press reports on the continued setbacks for the Mayor and leaders of the disputed Albuquerque Rapid Transit (ART) project.
New research study targeting ART project: G. Rowangould Ph.D.
A new research study supports the conclusion that traffic congestion along Central Avenue will be significantly worse if ART is built.
Albuquerque, don't let ART steal our streets!
We believe that a Bus Rapid Transit System can and should be designed as a Complete Street, with the entire street, its businesses and its people as the most important considerations of its design. The ART design considers the needs of the buses first, instead of the needs of its people. Let's flip that thinking – people first and buses last!
Let's ask for – demand – what we want – and so desperately need – beautiful streets for everyone!
Make ART Smart!
Make ART Smart is an unfunded group of volunteer concerned citizens who are professional architects, planners, attorneys, and business/community leaders. Make ART Smart volunteers came together on the behalf of all citizens and stakeholders who care about and are effected by the impact of this huge project on Route 66/Central Ave. Our mission is to make sure the design of Albuquerque's proposed bus rapid transit system is aligned with preserving the charm and vibrancy of the most important historic segments remaining along Albuquerque's Route 66 – Nob Hill, UNM, EDO and Downtown. Make ART Smart is dedicated to informing the taxpayer public and providing useful and detailed information about ART. We support a well-designed bus rapid transit system IF it supports and enhances the character and functionality of our most valuable, historically sensitive areas.
ART's website features this opening statement prominently:
"Connecting people, creating place and driving opportunity."
Albuquerque Rapid Transit is a bus rapid transit system that will run for an 11 mile length of Central Ave. /Route 66 from Tramway N.E. to 98th N.W. ART will run simultaneously with the existing Route 66 buses. To better understand Mayor Berry's vision for ART, we have summarized its stated goals from the CABQ website:
CABQ VISION for ART IS:
Reduction of traffic congestion
Increased pedestrianism, improved walkability
Increased bus ridership
Enhanced economic development
Beautified streets
KEY ELEMENTS OF ART ARE:
Bus dedicated, single and bi-directional, center lanes from Louisiana west to Coors
All other traffic reduced to one lane in each direction in certain segments of Central
Frequent service (every 7.5 minutes)
Prioritized signaling at intersections
Pre-boarding ticketing
Calming or slowing down vehicle speeds
Faster, more reliable public transportation
Assessment of ART Project Plan
Make ART Smart Believes that ART's Vision is Disconnected From Its Design
Make ART Smart/Concerned Citizens' planners and architects initiated a study of the publically available ART plans when they were first made available in November of 2015. Make ART Smart's extensive analysis of the ART plan has identified that: "ART's dedicated center bus lanes design cannot be adequately accommodated in the historically sensitive sections of Nob Hill, University, EDO and Downtown along Central Ave without sacrificing other, important and needed street improvements. The existing street widths (Right of Way) of Central Ave. in these areas are simply too narrow to utilize this "one size fits all" approach to the entire Central Ave. corridor. THE CITY MUST SEEK ADDITIONAL CITIZEN AND STAKEHOLDER INPUT. ART MUST BE REDESIGNED IN ORDER FOR IT TO NOT DO HARM TO THESE SECTIONS OF CENTRAL AVE. AND TO ACHIEVE ITS STATED VISION."
ART DOES NOT:
Widen sidewalks to enhance walkability
Create public spaces for people to congregate
Significantly improve the landscape except around stations
Significantly improve or increase bicycle lanes
Reduce congestion
The following computer renderings pertain to ART in Nob Hill, EDO and UNM. They were part of public presentations through October of 2014: (Note that ALL renderings include station stops.)
What will ART make Central Avenue really look like?
By working directly from the ART Project plans dated January 2016, Make Art Smart's architects have created renderings of what certain sections in historic sections of Central will really look like:
Drag the slider below each sketch to see the difference between the existing condition and what it will look like once the ART project is complete.
EDO Section
Drag the slider to the right to see the Existing Condition. Drag to the left to see the ART Plan.
CURRENT CONDITION: RAPID RIDE AND RT 66 BUSES PRESENTLY STOP IN FRONT OF THE SPECIAL COLLECTIONS LIBRARY.
ART PROJECT PLAN: ALL EXISTING TREES WILL BE REMOVED. THERE IS NO PROVISION FOR WIDER SIDEWALKS OR STREETSCAPE ELEMENTS. SINGLE EAST AND WESTBOUND LANES WILL ACCOMMODATE RT 66 BUSES AND ALL OTHER VEHICLES. DIESEL BUSES ARE INDICATED.
UNM Section
CURRENT CONDITION: SPARSELY LANDSCAPED. ONLY MEDIAN PROVIDES TREES.
ART PROJECT PLAN: NO LANDSCAPE OR STREET IMPROVEMENTS INDICATED.
Nob Hill Section
ART PROJECT PLAN: ACCORDING TO CABQ PLAN DRAWINGS – ALL MEDIAN TREES ARE REMOVED IN THIS LOCATION WITH NO LANDSCAPE SUBSTITIONS SHOWN. (THIS IS PREDOMINANT THROUGHOUT MOST OF NOB HILL). NO BIKE LANES ARE SHOWN. SIDEWALKS ARE NOT WIDENED EXCEPT FOR A FEW BLOCKS WEST OF SAN MATEO. NO SPACE FOR EMERGENCY RESPONDERS IS PROVIDED. INCREASED CAPACITY FOR WATER DRAINAGE/RUN OFF IS NOT SHOWN. DIESEL BUSES ARE INDICATED.
Analysis of ART Plan Impact by Key Components
Our architects' study of the ART plan reveals significant changes to the streetscape many ways.
Parking Spaces Eliminated
Trees Cut Down
Additional Traffic Signals
Left Turns Lost
Let's take a look these and other components illustrated in the details of the study.
RIGHT OF WAY: Existing right of way width changes along Central Avenue.
REVERSIBLE LANES: Areas where the ART buses will be restricted to a single lane for both eastbound and westbound service. This presents scheduling problems with potential delays if a westbound bus would have to wait for the eastboud bus to pass before proceeding, and vice versa.
PARKING SPACES: 194 parking spaces would be lost as a consequence of ART.
TREES: Approximately 217 existing mature trees would be cut down to accomodate ART.
INTERMITTENT BIKE LANES: This shows where bike lanes would be interrupted due to the restricted right-of-way along Central Avenue as a consequence of ART.
TRAFFIC SIGNALS: From the ART Project plan drawings, 10 new traffic signals would be added to the 32 signals that currently exist on Central Avenue for a total of 42 signals on the 9-mile total Project length.
LEFT TURNS: Approximately 241 left turns would be lost, which would severely restrict business accessibility on Central Avenue. This number includes left turns for westbound and eastbound traffic.
RECOMMENDED DESIGN CONFIGURATION: From Lomas to San Mateo, use same ART Rapid Transit buses, sidewalk access, retains all medians, keeps most of parking, expands pedestrian area. Money saved can extend ART to Unser and Tramway within present budget.
Findings and Assessment
Based on our analysis, Make ART Smart does not believe that ART will contribute meaningful pedestrian, bicycle, and street improvements to the Nob Hill, UNM, EDO and Downtown segments of Route 66/Central Ave.
ART's design will increase congestion and decrease pedestrian safety in many segments. In fact, Make ART Smart believes that most of Central will look much the same – except for less landscape and more buses.
In order for meaningful change to occur,
ART Plans MUST be amended
before construction begins.
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ART COULD AND SHOULD BE A CATALYST FOR A BETTER, MORE VIBRANT ROUTE 66/CENTRAL AVE!
What does the historic corridor need in order to thrive/survive?
Here's what is missing from the ART plan:
Wider sidewalks for more pedestrians and street dining
Safe lanes for cyclists
Human scale buildings
Spaces for small businesses
Adequate parking for businesses
ART mentions these items often, but the facts show that the VISION is disconnected from its Plan:
FROM CABQ ART FAQ: "ART will also upgrade the look and feel of Central Ave by adding to the walkability and livability of neighborhoods. Plans include widening sidewalks and adding trees to encourage pedestrian and bike-friendly development." "Widening sidewalks, removing sidewalk ADA deficiencies, adding sidewalk landscaping, and improving pedestrian lighting create a walkable environment. This type of environment attracts people and businesses. Many areas along Central Avenue want slower traffic. This increases the safety of pedestrian and bicycle users and makes businesses more "visible". "In addition to access to job opportunities, transit stations, by providing anchors for a community, can help offer place-making; that is, neighborhoods that are considered pedestrian-friendly, encouraging people to walk or bike between businesses, offices, homes and other destinations. This in turn enhances the overall quality of life in the community."
Based on our analysis, ART does NOT widen sidewalks except in just a few areas of low pedestrian significance. Bicycle lanes are not contiguous and inconsistent.
The ART Plan design must reflect the promises listed above. If we are to tear up Route 66/Central for years, disrupt its businesses and neighborhoods, then ART must provide meaningful change. It must fulfill our community's need to preserve its history while building a more modern infrastructure along its route. ART should and could be the catalyst of progress – for all!
What do YOU want from ART?
What Did the Image of ART Make YOU Think Of?
OR THIS?
A Smart Solution
Make ART Smart sketches of what the various sections COULD look like:
CONCERNED CITIZEN'S PROPOSAL SHOWS THE SAME INTERSECTION WITH LANDSCAPE AND TREES DEFINING THE CHARACTER AND PEDESTRIAN NATURE OF THE DISTRICT. EXISTING STORM INLETS MAY NOT HANDLE INCREASED RUN OFF OF ART DESIGN. ELECTRIC BUSES ARE INDICATED.
NEW ROW OF TREES TO PROTECT AND SHADE SIDEWALKS WILL FORM A CONTINOUS LANDSCAPED EDGE OF UNM'S CENTRAL CAMPUS FROM UNIVERSITY TO GIRARD BLVD. NO PROPERTY WILL BE TAKEN FROM HISTORIC AND BEAUTIFUL "TIGHT GROVE" AREA LOCATED AT SW CORNER OF THE CAMPUS.
CONCERNED CITIZEN'S PROPOSED DESIGN FOR NOB HILL SHOWS WATER RUN OFF VOLUME AND VELOCITY REDUCED. BIKE LANES CAN BE USED BY VEHICLES IN SINGE LANE TO ALLOW EMERGENCY RESPONDERS TO PASS. LANDSCAPE DEFINES THE SHOPPING AND PEDESTRIAN CHARACTER OF THE DISTRICT. ELECTRIC BUSES ARE INDICATED.
Tramway Section
We believe that a Bus Rapid Transit System can and should be designed as a Complete Street, with the entire street, its businesses and its people as the most important considerations of its design. The ART design considers the needs of the buses first, instead of the needs of its people. Let's flip that thinking – people first and buses last! Neighborhood and business associations and thousands of individuals have been begging the City for years for improvements that promote walkability in Nob Hill, UNM, EDO and Downtown. The City has spent many thousands of dollars on studies by experts such as Moule, Polyzoides Architects, Jeff Speck and Robert Gibbs. Let's incorporate more of their ideas into ART – instead of working from the bus center lane out, let's work from the sidewalk in! Let's make sure we get the most from what we, the taxpayers are going to pay for. Let's make sure that the sacrifice that many small businesses will be forced to make is worth the price. These historic segments of Route 66/Central Ave. could be greatly enhanced OR choked by buses. They could become desirable, wonderful places that people and businesses would be attracted to OR barren, bus dominated wastelands too difficult and not worth the trouble to access. We owe it to ourselves to make sure that ART contributes to enrichment of these historic areas.
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Information presented is based on CABQ plans dated January 2016. Subsequent plans, if existing, have not been made available to Make ART Smart despite repeated requests.
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Mannix season 2 (1968)
Mannix was completely reinvented for its 1968 second season. In season one Joe Mannix works for a huge high-tech detective agency that relies heavily on computers. Mannix is a loner by nature but working for Intertect means he's basically just an employee and is expected to be a team player. It's a clever setup with Mannix never being entirely happy at Intertect while at the same time he has to admit that having vast resources on which to rely can be very useful.
The Intertect stuff was dropped for the second season and Mannix became more or less a conventional private eye series, with Joe working as a lone wolf (apart from his faithful secretary Peggy). A conventional private eye series certainly, but it has to be said that it was also a very good one.
Some fans of the series prefer the more innovative feel of the first season whilst others prefer the straightforward smooth professionalism of the later seasons. I tend to fall into the former camp but I have to admit that season two is very very good.
One thing that was carried through from the first season was the pacing which was considerably faster than most 60s crime series.
Mike Connors is once again terrific. I do miss his verbal sparring with Joseph Campanella which was a highlight of the first season.
Once again Mannix is a private eye who gets himself into a lot of trouble. It's not a real Mannix episode unless Joe gets himself beaten up or shot. In some episodes he beaten up and shot. I wouldn't say that Mannix is more violent than earlier private eye series (Mickey Spillane's Mike Hammer back in the late 50s was incredibly violent) but it was unusual in the 60s to see the private eye hero on the receiving end so often.
The Silent Cry is a kidnapping story. There was a witness to the kidnapping. Or at least a witness to a telephone call in which the kidnapers discussed their plan. The only problem is that the witness is deaf. To the police it seems hopeless but Mannix is convinced that the deaf woman can provide the information to crack the case. A great episode with which to start the second season.
Comes Up Rose is also pretty good. An ex-cop hires Mannix to find his wife, who is an ex-prostitute. It could be that the ex-cop is really the one in trouble.
In To the Swiftest, Death Mannix takes up car racing. A fellow competitor is killed in a race. His wife thinks it was actually murder. A cleverly plotted episode.
A Copy of Murder takes Mannix to a small town in California. An author who was writing a book on a celebrated murder case has been murdered. Mannix has to find out who killed the writer but more importantly he also has to find the missing last chapter of the book which is almost certainly the key to both murders. A very good episode.
Edge of the Knife is an attempt to do a kidnaping story with an original twist and while it's a bit far-fetched it's an intriguing concept.
In Who Will Dig the Graves? a reclusive tycoon wants Mannix to find his wife who might be dead but then maybe she isn't. As so often Mannix finds that he hasn't been told the full story and finding out what is really going on might well be a matter of life or death. A reasonable episode.
In The Need of a Friend Mannix has to make amends for a serious mistake he made several years earlier. He was responsible for sending an innocent man to prison. Mannix wants to right the wrong but that's going to be a challenge. The man doesn't want help and maybe he's decided to right that wrong in his own way. Not one of the better episodes of this season.
Night Out of Time presents Mannix with a client who has no memory of anything that happened the night before, and during that night he may have committed a murder. Mannix has to be both psychologist and investigator. A good episode.
A View of Nowhere is a view of a murder. Mannix sees the murder from a helicopter but it seems that no-one was actually murdered. Mannix isn't buying that. An intricate plot that comes together quite nicely.
In Fear I To Fall Mannix gives evidence that is sufficiently damning to ensure a man's conviction but he's not at all sure the man was really guilty. It's another story in which Mannix relies mostly on a sheer bloody-minded refusal to admit defeat rather than any particular brilliance as a detective. But perseverance can be more important than brilliance.
Deathrun is great stuff. Mannix tries to help an old buddy who works as a fire ranger and spends most of his time in a remote fire lookout tower. His wife is concerned, but maybe she isn't his wife. The sheriff is not happy about Mannix's presence but why is he quite so hostile? Mannix is more than a little confused but he can't back out of this case now.
In A Pittance of Faith Mannix is hired to investigate the accidental death of a woman. He is hired in odd circumstances and then fired in even odder circumstances. But now he's convinced there is really something to investigate. Some nice plot twists here.
In Only Giants Can Play Mannix is drawn into what might be a genuine or a manufactured political scandal or a case of blackmail or something else entirely. A fine episode.
Shadow of a Man is one of several episodes in which Mannix's Korean War service plays an important plot role. A man tries to shoot Mannix but then claims to have no memory of having done so. Mannix is inclined to believe him but he has a strong feeling there's something here worth looking into. The key to the puzzle lies in the past, in events that took place during the Korean War. A very good episode.
The Girl Who Came in with the Tide starts with Mannix being asked to identify the body of a young woman. She might have been the woman he'd been hired to find. She isn't that woman but he does recognise her. It was an accidental death but something bothers Mannix. This girl had too many connections with too many suspicious people and suspicious events. It's a convoluted but gripping tale. Excellent stuff.
Death in a Minor Key is a rare misfire. Peggy is dating a jazz musician whose past has now caught up with him. Mannix has to go to a small southern town to find the key to unravel an old mystery. Too much preachiness, and too much obviousness.
End Game is another episode in which Mannix's service in the Korean Way plays a major role. One of the men with whom he served is playing a deadly and perverse game of murder and Mannix has to play as well, whether he likes it or not. And one false move will mean death. Exciting stuff.
All Around the Money Tree is a lighthearted romp of an episode. It all starts when Roger Bart appears at Mannix's window to tell him he's locked a man in the closet in his office and would Mannix kindly release him. Bart then disappears. And it seems that just about everybody wants to find him. It's something to do with a very big robbery in England. There are double-crosses piled upon double-crosses piled upon more double-crosses. It's all great fun.
Odds Against Donald Jordan starts as a missing persons case. His sister hires Mannix to find him. It seems that someone is definitely out to get Donald Jordan. It could his wife, his sister or his business partner - they're all lying about something. And Donald Jordan is lying as well. There are lots of red herrings and the ending is pleasingly unexpected. Good stuff.
Last Rites for Miss Emma puts Peggy at centre stage when she falls for a guy who was shot during a robbery. Mannix is investigating the robbery for an insurance company and Peggy's loyalties are about to be tested. An OK episode.
The Solid Gold Web is the story of a spoilt rich girl who meets a good-looking hoodlum and falls in love with him, as spoilt rich girls are wont to do. Then she finds out that he's not a nice guy. And then the hood dies, when he's hit by her car. So she cracks up. Her rich daddy wants Mannix to sort her out. No-one knows that she killed the hood so Mannix's job is to find out why she's cracked up. The resolution is pretty predictable but it's well-executed and the beach scene is very well done. Not a great episode.
Merry Go Round for Murder starts with Joe being offered a lot of money to protect a guy named Frank Devereaux for one night. Devereaux has a briefcase with him, containing a quarter of a million in cash which he swears is clean money. Joe is about to turn down the job when a couple of hoods try to kill Devereaux and snatch the money and in the process they kill Pete Neal, who works for the same casino at Vegas that Devereaux works at. Now Mannix is interested. There are lots more plot twists to come in this excellent episode.
To Catch a Rabbit opens with a burglary that leaves a man dead. But the police don't know about the burglary. They write it off as an accidental death. The man's wife hires Mannix to prove it was a murder. He finds the evidence for the burglary but the trouble is that he's still not convinced he knows the whole story. Meanwhile a Mexican named Carlos is charged with the murder. This is a somewhat disappointing end to the season - an overly preachy episode with plot subordinated to the social message.
Mannix is fast-paced and stylish and very polished. It has plenty of action and excitement and glamour, and lots of beautiful women. There's the occasional dash of humour. Production values are high and there's quite a bit of location shooting. It has a very likeable charismatic star. It has that terrific opening credits sequence with that great Lalo Schifrin theme tune. On the whole it's a fairly serious private eye series but it's serious without being grim or cynical and the emphasis is on entertainment. And it has something else that puts it ahead of the pack - extremely good scripts. I'm not sure what else you could ask for in a private eye series. It isn't deep or profound but as straightforward action-adventure television it's pretty close to perfect.
I'm not suggesting it's the best American P.I. series ever made but it has to be in the top five (along with the late 50s Mike Hammer, The Rockford Files, Magnum, P.I. and I have no idea what the fifth one would be).
It's easily obtainable on DVD and the transfers are pretty good. Mannix season two is very highly recommended. Aldo check out my season one and season three reviews.
Labels: 1960s, american tv, crime series, private eyes
Marty McKee 5 July 2019 at 07:41
Fifth one would be Harry O.
dfordoom 5 July 2019 at 18:40
Coincidentally I just bought season one of Harry O on DVD. I've only watched a couple of episodes so far but you may well be right!
Knight Rider season 2 (1983)
Hawaii Five-O season 2 (1969-70)
Johnny Staccato (1959) revisited |
Google Cloud acquires AppSheet, a Seattle startup that sells no-code app development software
Madrona Venture Labs spinout Uplevel raises $7.5M to measure engineering teams' productivity
Seattle 'hacker house' founder battling UW after broken pipe sinks startup enclave
Delta Air Lines debuts crazy 'parallel reality' airport experience based on Seattle startup's technology
Microsoft annual meeting: Shareholders approve biggest board in company history
by Todd Bishop on November 29, 2017 at 8:08 am November 29, 2017 at 11:03 am
BELLEVUE, Wash. — Microsoft held its annual meeting Wednesday morning, with CEO Satya Nadella and other top executives briefing shareholders on the latest developments at the Seattle-area technology giant.
Shareholders approved an unprecedented number of board members during the meeting. Microsoft is expanding its board to 14 people, the largest number in the company's history. (See full list below.)
Bill Gates, at right, with several other members of the Microsoft board at the company's 2017 annual meeting. (GeekWire Photo / Todd Bishop)
Microsoft shares have risen more than 37 percent over the past year, as the company has expanded its cloud business and reached its goal of a $20 billion commercial cloud run rate ahead of schedule.
Microsoft Chairman John Thompson.
Nadella has overseen a resurgence at the company, betting on the emerging technologies of artificial intelligence, augmented realty and quantum computing while shifting the company's traditional Office and Windows businesses to a subscription-based model through the Microsoft 365 service.
Microsoft CFO Amy Hood.
Amy Hood, Microsoft's chief financial officer, touted the company's $90 billion in revenue for its 2017 fiscal year, which was up from $85 billion the year before. She also highlighted the company's acquisitions, including the largest deal in Microsoft's history, its $26 billion purchase of business social network LinkedIn. Hood said Microsoft is ahead of its original financial projections for LinkedIn's addition to the company.
Microsoft President Brad Smith.
The company overnight made a major announcement about its Redmond campus, revealing plans to tear down and redevelop the original buildings at the center of its 500-acre headquarters in a multi-billion dollar project. Brad Smith, president and chief legal officer, briefed shareholders on the plan and showed this video.
"Now it's time for a new generation, for Microsoft and for our campus," he said.
Smith noted that at least one element of the original campus will remain: the pond known as "Lake Bill," where teams would traditionally take a dunk after major milestones. Microsoft co-founder Bill Gates, sitting with other board members in the front row at the meeting, grinned at the news.
Nadella gave shareholders a broad update on the company's business and strategy, including a new milestone for the Windows 10 business, which is now active on has more than 600 million devices a month.
Technology demos at the meeting included the Cortana virtual assistant and a new Eye Control technology for controlling and typing on a Windows 10 PC using eye gaze, with no hands. Another demo focused on the artificial intelligence Microsoft Translator feature now available as part of PowerPoint.
Brad Smith, Satya Nadella and Amy Hood listen to a shareholder's question.
The executive Q&A with shareholders was extremely low-key, compared to years past, when shareholders would grill Gates and former Microsoft CEO Steve Ballmer over the company's stock price, revenue growth and dividends. Most of the questions this year focused on the company's product plans and strategies, with no major revelations from Nadella and other executives.
Microsoft streamed the event here and the company's proxy statement has more details on the proposals considered by shareholders at the meeting.
Here are the new members of the company's board.
John W. Thompson, Microsoft independent chairman;
Bill Gates, Microsoft founder and technology advisor;
Reid Hoffman, LinkedIn co-founder and partner at Greylock Partners;
Teri L. List-Stoll, executive vice president and chief financial officer of Gap Inc.;
Microsoft CEO Satya Nadella
Charles H. Noski, former vice chairman of Bank of America Corp.;
Dr. Helmut Panke, former chairman of the board of management at BMW AG;
Sandra E. Peterson, group worldwide chair for Johnson & Johnson;
Charles W. Scharf, CEO of The Bank of New York Mellon Corp.;
John W. Stanton, chairman of Trilogy Equity Partners;
and Padmasree Warrior, CEO and chief development officer of NIO USA Inc.
Former U.S. Commerce Secretary Penny Pritzker;
Marriott International CEO Arne Sorenson
Todd Bishop is GeekWire's co-founder and editor, a longtime technology journalist who covers subjects including cloud tech, e-commerce, virtual reality, devices, apps and tech giants such as Amazon.com, Apple, Microsoft and Google. Follow him @toddbishop, email todd@geekwire.com, or call (206) 294-6255.
Amazon Web Services expands cloud business with NFL, Expedia, and Disney deals
Microsoft Windows 10 active devices reach 600M for first time, CEO Satya Nadella says
Filed Under: Microsoft Tagged With: Azure • Brad Smith • john thompson • Satya Nadella
Microsoft marks record year at annual meeting as it rivals Apple for title of most valuable U.S. company
An employee on Microsoft's board? Shareholder proposal floats concept, board calls it 'unnecessary'
Microsoft shareholders reject proposal to put employee on board with less than 5% of votes
Why this investment firm is pushing Microsoft to put an employee on the tech giant's board |
THE AUDIENCE AWARD CZECH DANCE PLATFORM 2010!
Echoes is a site-specific dance project, inspired by Sylvia Plath, in the extraordinary space of the Palmovka Jewish Synagogue.
The project was created in co-operation with the SERPENS Association. |
Posts from March, 2005
Colleen Randall
by Nicholas Lamia
Colleen Randall at the Painting Center
Eric Fischl at Mary Boone, Marlene Dumas at Zwirner & Wirth
Eric Fischl at Mary Boone through until April 23 (541 W. 24th Street, between Tenth and Eleventh Avenues, 212-752-2929) Marlene Dumas at Zwirner & Wirth until April 23 (32 E. 69th Street, between Madison and Park Avenues, 212-517-8677) MAKING MOVIES IN THE BEDROOM In March 2002 Eric Fischl was let loose in Mies van der…
Albert Kresch
by Deborah Garwood
A new model of modern art has emerged since MOMA's 2004 reopening, one that is quite helpful in appreciating the long yet underknown career of Albert Kresch (born 1922). The reconfigured galleries at MOMA were hung to reflect a hard won principle: there have been "a succession of arguments and counter-arguments on the continually disputed…
Nathan Oliveira: Recent Paintings
by John Goodrich
DC Moore Gallery 724 Fifth Avenue at 57th Street New York NY 10019 212-247-2111 March 8 to April 9, 2005 A version of this review appeared in the New York Sun, March 17, 2005 The assured brushstrokes, iconic figures, and radiantly red backgrounds of Nathan Oliveira's latest paintings suggest that, after five decades of exhibiting,…
Noritoshi Hirakawa: In Search of a Purple Heart
by Joe Fyfe
Salon 94 12 East 94 Street New York NY 10128 646 672 9212 "In Search of a Purple Heart" a site-specific performance, written and directed by photographer Noritoshi Hirakawa, was presented twice on Sunday, February 27. The performances took place at Salon 94, a satellite of Artemis Greenberg Van Doren Gallery on East 94th Street…
"Doors and Floors, War and More: Reflections on The Armory Show 05"
by Joan Boykoff Baron and Reuben M. Baron
"Doors and Floors, War and More: Reflections on The Armory Show 05" The International Fair of New York Piers 90 and 92 March 10-14, 2005 This year's Armory Show was a reasonably accurate reflection of today's international art market with its vast array of sculpture, installations, painting, drawing, photography, and even some furniture. More than…
Larry Zox: Five Decades
by Reuben M Baron
LARRY ZOX: FIVE DECADES Stephen Haller Gallery 542 26th Street New York 10001 212-741-7777 February 26 to April 5, 2005 One of the down sides of the Greenbergian formalism in the 1960s was its insufficient appreciation of how the energy and aggression, first of the Civil Rights movement and then the anti-Vietnam War protests, may…
Milton Resnick (1917-2004)
by Geoffrey Dorfman
Remarks delivered at a memorial for the artist at St. Marks in the Bowerie
Jim Dingilian
by Chris Moylan
McKenzie Fine Art 511 West 25th Street New York NY 10001 212 989 5467 February 17 to March 19, 2005 Jim Dingilian's marker drawings and altered found photographs at Mackenzie Fine Art are intriguing in their process and choice of materials, so much so that it can require a conscious decision to linger for a…
Sidney Geist: Phases of Sculpture
by Eric Gelber
Jason McCoy Inc. 41 East 57th Street New York 10022 February 22 – April 1, 2005 By ERIC GELBER There are examples of free standing, table top, and wall hung sculptures, dating from 1937 to 2004, in this exhibit. Geist's work is empowered by his consistent inventiveness. Being content to create never before seen objects that… |
BEIJING — A top official in Tibet's capital has ordered authorities to dispatch police to monasteries and step up security after violent clashes in Tibetan-inhabited areas left at least two dead.
Qi Zhala, Lhasa's Communist Party chief, also ordered a crackdown on "separatist" activities that he linked to Tibet's exiled spiritual leader the Dalai Lama and said maintaining stability in the city would be hard.
His comments come just days after the neighbouring province of Sichuan -- which has large populations of ethnic Tibetans, many of whom complain of oppression under Chinese rule -- was rocked by deadly clashes.
"From today onwards, the maintenance of stability in Lhasa will be an arduous task," Qi said in a speech to police forces, which was posted on the Lhasa government website.
"We must strike hard at all the separatist, destructive and criminal activities of the Dalai clique and make efforts to realise our goal of not letting any incident, big or small, occur," he said in comments posted Monday.
"Lhasa officials and functionaries at all levels, especially the police, must increase ... efforts to rationally dispatch police forces and step up registration and inspection work along national roads, at key monasteries and among leading suspects."
Qi's comments come as authorities are on high alert over February's Tibetan New Year, as well as the March anniversary of a 1959 failed uprising against Chinese rule in Tibet, which prompted the escape of the Dalai Lama.
He made the speech in Tibet's Mozhugongka county, which sits along a remote mountain road linking Lhasa with Sichuan -- where rights groups say three Tibetans died and dozens were hurt last week when police fired at protesters.
The government says two people died, and blames the incidents on violent protesters.
The official Global Times, citing a Lhasa official, said "police officers will be stationed at temples located in remote areas to further ensure the region's stability."
Exiled Tibetans have long claimed that China has set up an official presence in monasteries to weed out supporters of the Dalai Lama, whom it accuses of wanting to split Tibet from the rest of China.
But the 1989 Nobel Peace Prize winner has repeatedly denied such accusations and insists he is only seeking greater autonomy for Tibetan-inhabited regions of China.
Tibet's top Communist Party official, Chen Quanguo, has also ordered local media to step up propaganda efforts in what he said was a "battle of words" with the Dalai Lama and his followers, the state-run Tibet Daily said Tuesday.
"The voice and images of the (Communist) Party must be seen and heard while the voices and images of hostile forces and the Dalai clique must neither be seen nor heard," Chen was quoted saying. |
MAKE SOME NOISE STUDIO can transfer audio from vintage and obsolete formats to CD and digital files. We can transfer: CASSETTE TAPE, MINI-DISC, 1/4″ REEL TO REEL, 4 TRACK PORTA-STUDIO CASSETTE, DAT and VINYL. We can also restore, edit and re-master your valuable archive recordings where required.
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'Dancing with the Stars 23' spotlight: Are Laurie Hernandez, Val Chmerkovskiy destined for high marks?
Dancing with the Stars, DWTS 23 spotlight September 7, 2016
Going into this season of "Dancing with the Stars," we feel like it is pretty darn hard to peg anyone other than Laurie Hernandez as the favorite to snag the Mirrorball Trophy in the end. Think about it: She's coming off of being a part of an Olympic gold-medal gymnastics team, she's in incredibly shape, and she is used to being scored on various tricks and routines already. There's a reason why Shawn Johnson was so naturally gifted at this!
So what could trip up the Final Five member? That's what we want to figure out in the latest edition of our show spotlight series.
Claim to fame – Olympic gold medal gymnast. She also received a silver medal in the balance beam event ahead of noteworthy teammate Simone Biles, and she is the first athlete born in the 21st century to strike gold.
Partner – Val Chmerkovskiy. He's won the show before with Rumer Willis, and has a really good opportunity to do so again here with someone predisposed to take well to his teaching methods. She's been in a coaching environment before, and recently even performed on TV!
Strengths – First things first, her strength! She's in great shape, she has an enormous following, and is doing this show right at the peak of her career. Certainly we think her having a popular pro is only going to further cement her popularity. For every reason we've said above, it'd be irresponsible to not name her a favorite to win it all.
Weaknesses – The only thing you can argue here is that her schedule could be her own worst enemy, given that the Final Five has a tour and countless other commitments to attend to. It's for this reason that Biles was not too interested in doing the show this fall. It's possible that she won't have the rehearsal time of some of the other dancers.
Prediction – Laurie is certainly going far. The time to really watch with her is closer to the end of the season, where almost everyone is exhausted and trying to figure out how to push through. She's gone almost the entire year without much of a break, so doing this competition now is going to be a challenge. Yet, with her history, we think she is ready to take it on.
How well do you think Laurie is going to fare? Share below, and head over here to get some other "Dancing with the Stars" spotlights right now! Also, sign up over here to secure some other TV news on everything we cover via our official CarterMatt Newsletter. (Photo: ABC.)
What's your assessment on Laurie? |
Herakles top airflow design causes air to be brought in from the top, down. Airflow from the top and bottom also can seriously increase the flavour of the Griffin RTA. There are two colours (Black and SS) to match your tank or change it up a bit. |
The California State University system has partnered with Portfolium, a cloud-based network that gives students and alumni the opportunity to showcase their skills, work and accomplishments on a free online portfolio.
The partnership will give the CSU's 460,000 students and 3 million alumni access to the networking site which will allows users to connect with potential employers.
CSU representative Elizabeth Chapin said Portfolium is a tool to increase students' success and potential employment.
Just like other social professional networking sites, users create their own free Portfolium accounts on the network. Students can add as many portfolio entries as they'd like. Each entry will allow visitors, professors and employers to view what users have accomplished.
Portfolium syncs with a user's LinkedIn, YouTube, Vimeo, Dropbox, Google Drive and Prezi allowing users to pull real work samples and projects to their profile.
"Portfolium has been proven to be an incredibly powerful tool for students and recent graduates across all major fields of study," said Portfolium CEO Adam Markowitz.
"Whether you're looking for an internship or job opportunity or just starting your academic career, it's never a wrong time to begin documenting your journey and providing others with a clear picture of what you're accomplishing and what you're learning both inside and outside of the classroom," said Markowitz.
Students can begin creating their own Portfolium accounts at portfolium.com. |
The project organized an open workshop with presentations about global agri-food data initiatives & networks. The workshop has been held in Chania on Friday June the 2nd 2017 in conjunction with the Open Harvest 2017 event and it opened with a keynote speech from Paul Stacey, Associate Director of Global Learning in Creative Commons.
The scope of this workshop was to connect the project activities with global open agri-food data initiatives and networks. Moreover, during the workshop a panel has been planned entitled: "From global challenges to local ones: Linking Communities around the world", where the panelists discussed with workshop's participants about how agricultural innovation and open data can facilitate connecting global/grand challenges (such as feeding the increasing population of the planet) with local (coming from farmers' communities) challenges.
Beyond Licensing – The social and economic aspects of building an open data commons.
Ε-Infrastructure Tools and Services for Open Agricultural Sciences.
Global Agricultural Concept Scheme (GACS): Overview and Current Developments.
From Open Access to Open Science with the ARPHA Publishing Platform.
CGIAR Big Data in Agriculture Platform.
OpenMinTeD: Text Mining Services for e-Infrastructures.
Introduction to National Science and Technology Library of China.
GODAN Initiative: Overview and Activities.
Research Data Alliance (RDA) and Research Data Management (RDM). |
As a licensed builder in Ontario, Magnificent Homes provides beautiful homes to families and individuals throughout London and the surrounding area. If you've created the ideal design of your dream home, our team will transform that vision into a reality. From the first step of the building process to the last, we make building a home an easy, stress-free process.
When you choose Magnificent Homes as your home builder in London, you'll be working with a trusted partner from start to finish. Rather than worry yourself with the stress of dealing with various contractors, leave that to us. From the pouring of the foundation to the installation of the framework to the finishing touches on your interior, our team will ensure each detail of your home is completed to your design and specifications.
One of the most integral aspects of any successful home build is clear and consistent communication between builder and client. At Magnificent Homes, we are committed to maintaining an open line of communication between our team and our clients. We are always happy to answer your questions and address any worries or concerns you may have. Additionally, if you've decided to make changes to any aspect of your home, we will be glad to discuss those with you.
One of life's most rewarding experiences is setting foot in your dream home. At Magnificent Homes, we enjoy the experience of transforming our clients' visions into a reality so they may enjoy the luxury of living in the home of their dreams. Give us a call today to get started! |
Home MeetingsLibrary Board Meeting – Thursday, September 19, 2013 – 5:15 p.m.
Public notice is hereby given that a meeting of the Library Board will be held on Thursday September 19, 2013 at 5:15 p.m.; in the meeting room at the Public Library located at 212 W. Walnut, Nevada, MO. Please enter from Walnut Street.
Dated this 13th day of September, 2013 and posted at 9:00 a.m.
Dog Park Subcommittee Meeting – Monday, September 16, 2013 – 5:30 p.m. |
When implementing a blended learning model, it is important for schools to be aware of key components and steps to integrate into their plan. In "Five Tips for Getting Blended Learning Right," hosted by edWeb.net and sponsored by Achieve3000, Julia Freeland Fisher, Director of Education at the Clayton Christensen Institute, gave schools the tips they need to successfully implement blended learning.
Although it may seem easier to dive right in, schools cannot go technology-first into a blended learning model. Teachers cannot be expected to figure out what to do with technology, but rather should be expected to use the support it provides. Since blended learning is about changing instruction, technology must follow an instructional plan. It is also important for teachers to be on blended learning design teams. They should be participating in the design process, rethinking blended learning strategies, and solving the problems they are actually facing within the classrooms.
Teachers are often expected to be a "jack of all trades," but different people have different strengths as well as motivations. A blended-learning model must consider these factors. What motivated teachers to get into the profession in the first place? In addition to designing around the student experience, schools should design around the teacher experience by integrating these factors into their blended learning model.
J ulia highlighted how important it is for schools to be wary of the cost of poor or absent data integration. "By far, the best-kept secret in edtech today is how tools do not talk to one another," she said. Tools should be well integrated with each other in order to get an accurate picture of student performance. When choosing an edtech product, work with a provider to make sure the tool will integrate well with your other tools, and be prepared to absorb costs if data is not integrating well.
Finally, it is important to evaluate software by use case. Julia recommended assessing what works best for what students in what circumstances. For example, the average does not necessarily speak to what worked best for every single student. Schools must delve deeper to figure out what worked well, and what didn't work well, for each student in order to effectively serve student needs.
This broadcast was hosted by edWeb.net and sponsored by Achieve3000.
This article was originally published by edWeb.net. It was also modified and published by Meris Stansbury for eSchool News. |
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Documento-resumen realizado en base a "Las crisis y los modelos económicos: diagnósticos, predicciones y las políticas económicas" y elaborado en razón del V Congreso Internacional de Derecho y Economía "Innovación e Inclusión Social" en Homenaje al Premio Nobel Edmund Phelps (Facultad de Derecho, UBA).
Keywords: Ciencias Económicas; JEL: D7, D8, E, G2, G38, K2; modelos económicos; crisis; instituciones; políticas públicas; regulaciones.
The paper attempts an explanation of the alleged "lack of adequate economic models" to predict and eventually avoid - through certain policy recommendations - the recurrent global or individual economic or financial and fiscal crises. In the author's opinion, in the controversy over the "rational expectation approach" and the design of dynamic and stochastic models, have been neglected some important underlying issues in economic performance, such as the very crucial institutional enforcement basis on which economic agents operate, including particularly government agents. The Public Choice School and modern Institutional Economics can help to understand the limitations and possibilities faced when seeking to improve the economic theory in its status as "science".
Keywords: Ciencias Económicas; JEL: D7, D8, E, G2, G38, K2; economic models; crises; institutions; policies; regulations. |
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\section{Introduction}
Let $\mathbb{F}_q$ be the finite field with $q$ elements, and let $X$ be a projective, geometrically irreducible, smooth curve of genus $g$ over $\mathbb{F}_q$, with a point $\infty\in X(\mathbb{F}_q)$. We call $A:=\O_X(X\setminus\{\infty\})$, $H$ the Hilbert class field of $K:=\Q(A)$, ${K_\infty}$ the completion of $K$ at $\infty$, and ${\mathbb{C}_\infty}$ a completion of the algebraic closure $K_\infty^{ac}$. We fix an inclusion $H\subseteq{K_\infty}$ and a multiplicative sign function at $\infty$: $\sgn:{\mathbb{C}_\infty}(X)\to\mathbb{C}_\infty^\times$.
Throughout the paper we fix the datum $(X,\infty,\sgn)$, and we work with a Drinfeld module $\phi$ - i.e. a ring homomorphism $A\to{\mathbb{C}_\infty}\{\tau\}$ where $\tau c=c^q\tau$ for all $c\in{\mathbb{C}_\infty}$ - of rank $1$ and sign-normalized, also called a Drinfeld-Hayes module. Following \cite{Thakur}, we associate to $\phi$ a rational function $f$ over $X_H$ called \textit{shtuka function}, with $\sgn(f)=1$ and $\Div(f)=V^{(1)}-V+\Xi-\infty$ where $\Xi:\Spec({\mathbb{C}_\infty})\to\Spec(A)\hookrightarrow X$ is given by the canonical inclusion $A\hookrightarrow{\mathbb{C}_\infty}$, and $V$ is a certain divisor of degree $g$.
A natural tool to study $\phi$ is the Tate algebra $\mathbb{T}:={\mathbb{C}_\infty}\hat\otimes A$, on which $\phi$ acts $A$-linearly in the second coordinate. Anglès, Ngo Dac, and Tavares Ribeiro proved in \cite{ANDTR} that there is a class of functions $\Sf(\phi)\subseteq\mathbb{T}$, that they called \textit{special functions}, on which $\phi$ acts by scalar multiplication - i.e. for all $\omega\in\Sf(\phi)$ we have the following equalities:
\[\phi_a(\omega)=(1\otimes a)\omega,\;\forall a\in A.\]
Another interesting class of functions are the \textit{partial zeta functions} "à la Pellarin"; the partial zeta relative to an ideal $I\unlhd A$ is defined as:
\[\zeta_I:=\sum_{a\in I\setminus\{0\}}a^{-1}\otimes a\in\mathbb{T}.\]
They were first introduced in the case $I=A=\mathbb{F}_q[T]$ by Pellarin, who proved - for a canonical special function $\omega$ - the identity $\zeta_A\omega(1\otimes T-T\otimes1)=\tilde{\pi}$, where $\tilde{\pi}$ is a fundamental period of the period lattice (see \cite{Pellarin2011}[Thm. 1]). Green and Papanikolas proved a similar result (\cite{Green}[Thm. 7.1]) in the much wider context of $g(X)=1$. Together with \cite{Pellarin2011}[Thm. 1], it can be stated as follows:
\begin{teo*}[Pellarin-Green-Papanikolas]
Fix a datum $(X,\infty,\sgn)$ with $g(X)\leq1$. Fix the unique Drinfeld-Hayes module $\phi$ such that the associated period lattice is $\tilde{\pi}A\subseteq{\mathbb{C}_\infty}$ for some $\tilde{\pi}\in\mathbb{C}_\infty^\times$. There is a rational function $\delta\in\Q(H\otimes A)$ such that:
\[\Sf(\phi)=\frac{\delta^{(1)}(\tilde{\pi}\otimes1)}{f\zeta_A}\cdot (\mathbb{F}_q\otimes A),\]
where $f$ is the shtuka function of $\phi$.
\end{teo*}
Green and Papanikolas also described $\delta$ in terms of its divisor. Note that this result does not encompass the totality of the case $g(X)=1$, since for each ideal class in the group $Cl(A)$ there is exactly one Drinfeld-Hayes module whose lattice is in that class.
In the present paper, we prove the following generalization for any datum $(X,\infty,\sgn)$, where: $I\unlhd A$ is any ideal, with $a_I\in I$ an element of least degree; $\phi$ is a Drinfeld-Hayes module with shtuka function $f$, dependent on the ideal class of $I$ (see Lemma \ref{con}); $\tilde{\pi}\in{K_\infty}$ is a fundamental period of the lattice of $\phi$ (see Definition \ref{definition Lambda'}); $V_*$ is the unique effective divisor of degree $g$ with $V_*\sim2g\infty-V$, and $\delta$ is the only function in $H\otimes A$ with $\sgn(\delta)=1$ and divisor $V+V_*-2g\infty$.
\begin{customteo}{A}[Theorem \ref{Sf_I}, complete version]\label{A}
The following $A$-submodules of $\mathbb{T}$ coincide:
\[\Sf(\phi)=\frac{\delta^{(1)}(\tilde{\pi}\otimes1)}{f(a_I\otimes1)\zeta_I}\cdot (\mathbb{F}_q\otimes I).\]
\end{customteo}
\begin{oss}
The elements $a_I\in I$ and $\tilde{\pi}\in{K_\infty}$ are uniquely determined up to a factor in $\mathbb{F}_q^\times$. Moreover, one can check that the right hand side only depends on the ideal class of $I$.
\end{oss}
It's worth noting that the techniques employed by Green and Papanikolas were tailored to the case $g(X)=1$ - for example, they used the equation of a generic elliptic curve to carry out explicit computations. In the present paper, computations are only needed in Section \ref{section duality} to find the scalar factor $\tilde{\pi}\otimes 1$; the remaining content of Theorem \ref{A}, expressed as a partial version thereof in Section \ref{section special functions}, is built on the purely theoretical results of Section \ref{section topology} and Section \ref{Frobenius and divisors}.
\\*
\\*
If $\phi$ is a Drinfeld-Hayes module and $f$ is its shtuka function, an element $\omega\in\mathbb{T}$ is a special function if and only if $\omega^{(1)}=f\omega$. If $f\in\mathbb{T}^\times$ there is $\alpha\in{K_\infty}$ such that
\[(\alpha\otimes1)^\frac{1}{q-1}\prod_{i\geq0}\left(\frac{\alpha\otimes1}{f}\right)^{(i)}\]
is a well-defined element of $\mathbb{T}^\times$, and it is a special function; on the other hand, as Gazda and Maurischat noticed in \cite{Gazda}[Cor. 3.22], if there is an invertible special function, then $Sf(\phi)\cong A$, and it is not known if the converse is true, or in other words how restrictive is the hypothesis $f\in\mathbb{T}^\times$. We circumvent this problem and prove the following result for any datum $(X,\infty,\sgn)$.
\begin{customteo}{B}[Theorem \ref{omega infinite product}]
Fix a Drinfeld-Hayes module $\phi$ with shtuka function $f$. There is some $\alpha\in K_\infty^\times$ such that the following element of ${K_\infty}\hat\otimes K$ is well defined:
\[\omega:=(\alpha\otimes1)^\frac{1}{q-1}\prod_{i\geq0}\left(\frac{\alpha\otimes1}{f}\right)^{(i)}.\]
Moreover, $\omega\in(\mathbb{F}_q\otimes K)\Sf(\phi)$, and $\omega$ does not depend on the choice of $\alpha$.
\end{customteo}
In the present paper, we introduce a \textit{dual shtuka function} $f_*$ - the unique rational function over $X_{K_\infty}$ with divisor $V_*-V_*^{(1)}+\Xi-\infty$ and $\sgn(f_*)=1$. In analogy with Theorem \ref{omega infinite product}, we prove the following identity, for a certain ideal $I\unlhd A$ with $a_I\in I$ an element of least degree.
\begin{customteo}{C}[Theorem \ref{functional identity}, complete version]\label{C}
The following functional identity is well posed and true in ${K_\infty}\hat\otimes K$:
\[\zeta_I=-(a_I^{-1}\otimes a_I)\prod_{i\geq0}\left((\tilde{\pi}^{1-q}\otimes1)f_*^{(1)}\right)^{(i)}.\]
\end{customteo}
Equivalently, we prove the following identity (Proposition \ref{a_I/pi}):
\[\frac{(a_I\tilde{\pi}^{-1}\otimes1)\zeta_I}{\left((a_I\tilde{\pi}^{-1}\otimes1)\zeta_I\right)^{(1)}}=f_*^{(1)},\]
whose similarity to the identity $\omega^{(1)}=f\omega$ for a special function $\omega$ suggests some sort of duality between special functions and zeta functions. As for Theorem \ref{A}, the complete version of Theorem \ref{C} - with the explicitation of the constant $\tilde{\pi}$ - is contained in Section \ref{section duality}, where we explore this idea of duality.
As far as the rest of the paper goes, the structure is as follows.
In Section \ref{section topology} we describe a functorial way of assigning a compact topology to the ${K_\infty}$-points of a proper $\mathbb{F}_q$-scheme $Y$. We then discuss some results about divisors of curves in finite characteristic from \cite{Milne}, and deduce a homeomorphism between certain spaces of rational functions and the spaces of their divisors; this allows us to prove statements about the convergence of the former by looking at the latter. Green and Papanikolas had already conjectured that the Jacobian variety and the divisor of $V$ would play a role in the generalization of \cite{Green}[Thm. 7.1], and in Section \ref{section topology} and Section \ref{Frobenius and divisors} we explain concretely how they are used.
Finally, in Section \ref{Dedekind zeta}, we generalize another theorem of Green and Papanikolas about Dedekind-like zeta functions (\cite[Thm. 7.3]{Green}), which, in the notation of Section \ref{Dedekind zeta}, are defined as:
\[\xi_{\bar{I}}:=\sum_{J\unlhd A}\frac{\chi_{\bar{I}}(J)}{\chi_{\bar{I}}(J)(\Xi)}\in {K_\infty}\hat\otimes K.\]
For a certain function $h_{I,\bar{A}}\in\Q(H\otimes A)\subseteq{K_\infty}\hat\otimes K$ defined as in Lemma \ref{final lemma}, the result is as follows.
\begin{customteo}{D}[Theorem \ref{xi equation}]
The function $\xi_{\bar{I}}$ is well defined, and the following identity holds:
\[h_{I,\bar{A}}\xi_{\bar{I}}=-\left(\sum_{\sigma\in\G(H/K)}h_{I,\bar{A}}^\sigma\right)\zeta_{A}.\]
\end{customteo}
\section{Notations and fundamental concepts}
Recall the notations from the first paragraph of the introduction. We also introduce the following.
\begin{itemize}
\item[-]The degree map $\deg:K\to\mathbb{Z}$ is defined as the opposite of the valuation at $\infty$, and for all $A$-modules $\Lambda\subseteq K$, for all integers $d$, we define $\Lambda(d)$ (resp. $\Lambda(\leq d)$) the set $\{x\in\Lambda|\deg(x)=d\}$ (resp. $\deg(x)\leq d$).
\item[-]For any finite field extension $L/{K_\infty}$, we denote by $(\O_L,\mathfrak{m}_L)$ the associated local ring of integers, and by $\mathbb{F}_L$ the residue field.
\item[-]Throughout this paper unlabeled tensor products of modules are assumed to be over $\mathbb{F}_q$, while for unlabeled fiber products of schemes the base ring should be clear from the context.
\item[-]If $Y$ is an $R$-scheme and $S$ is an $R$-algebra, we denote $Y(S)$ the set of morphism of $R$-schemes from $\Spec(S)$ to $Y$, and with $Y_S$ the base change $Y\times\Spec(S)$. If $Y_S$ is integral, we denote $S(Y)$ the field of rational functions of $Y_S$.
\item[-]For all complete normed fields $L$, for all $\mathbb{F}_q$-vector spaces $M$, the module $L\otimes M$ is always endowed with the sup norm induced by $L$; we denote its completion by $L\hat\otimes M$.
\item[-]In analogy to \cite{Goss}, we use the relation symbol $a\in^*\Lambda$ to signify $a\in\Lambda\setminus\{0\}$.
\end{itemize}
\begin{oss}
Let's describe explicitly the sign function for any $h\in X({\mathbb{C}_\infty})^\times$. Since $X({\mathbb{C}_\infty})$ is the field of fractions of ${\mathbb{C}_\infty}\otimes A$, and $\sgn$ is a multiplicative function, we can assume $h\in{\mathbb{C}_\infty}\otimes A\setminus\{0\}$. We can write $h=\sum_{i=0}^k c_i\otimes a_i$, with $(a_i)_i$ in $A$ of strictly increasing degree and $(c_i)_i$ in $\mathbb{C}_\infty^\times$, and we have:
\[\sgn(h)=\sgn\left(\sum_{i=0}^k c_i\otimes a_i\right)=\sgn(c_k\otimes a_k)=c_k\sgn(a_k).\]
\end{oss}
In the rest of this section, we present some basic results that are described in great detail in \cite{Goss}.
Let ${\mathbb{C}_\infty}\{\tau\}$ and ${\mathbb{C}_\infty}\{\tau^{-1}\}$ be the rings of non-commutative polynomials over ${\mathbb{C}_\infty}$, with the relations $\tau c=c^q\tau$ and $\tau^{-1}c^q=c\tau^{-1}$ for all $c\in{\mathbb{C}_\infty}$. There is a $\mathbb{F}_q$-linear and bijective antihomomorphism ${\mathbb{C}_\infty}\{\tau\}\to{\mathbb{C}_\infty}\{\tau^{-1}\}$ sending $\varphi:=\sum_i c_i\tau^i$ to $\varphi^*:=\sum \tau^{-i} c_i$.
A \textit{Drinfeld module} of rank $r$ is a ring homomorphism $\phi:A\to{\mathbb{C}_\infty}\{\tau\}$ sending $a$ to $\phi_a:=\sum_{i\geq0}a_i\tau^i$ with the following properties for all $a\in^* A$:
\[\deg_x\left(\sum_{i\geq0}a_i x^{q^i}\right)=q^{r\deg(a)};\;a_0=a.\]
If moreover $r=1$ and $a_{\deg(a)}=\sgn(a)$ for all $a\in^* A$, we call $\phi$ a \textit{Drinfeld-Hayes module}.
Fix $\phi,\psi$ Drinfeld modules. An element $f=\sum_i c_i \tau^i\in{\mathbb{C}_\infty}\{\tau\}$ is said to be a morphism from $\phi$ to $\psi$ if $f\circ\phi_a=\psi_a\circ f$ for all $a\in A$. It is known that every Drinfeld module of rank $1$ is isomorphic to a Drinfeld-Hayes module.
The \textit{exponential map} relative to a discrete $A$-module (called \textit{period lattice}) $\Lambda\subseteq{\mathbb{C}_\infty}$ is the following analytic function from ${\mathbb{C}_\infty}$ to itself:
\[\exp_\Lambda(x):=x\prod_{\lambda\in^*\Lambda}\left(1-\frac{x}{\lambda}\right)\in{\mathbb{C}_\infty}[[x]].\]
We can write $\exp_\Lambda(x)=\sum_{i\geq0}e_ix^{q^i}$, and its (bilateral) compositional inverse exists in ${\mathbb{C}_\infty}[[x]]$, is denoted $\log_\Lambda=\sum_{i\geq0}l_i x^{q^i}$, and is called \textit{logarithmic map}.
Finally, we recall that there is an equivalence between the (small) category of discrete $A$-submodules of ${\mathbb{C}_\infty}$ of rank $r$, with isogenies as morphisms, and the (small) category of Drinfeld modules of rank $r$.
\section{Convergence of divisors of rational functions over $X$}\label{section topology}
Recall the notations from the first paragraph of the introduction. Consider the $d$-th symmetric power $X^{(d)}$ for some positive integer $d$ - for all finite field extensions $L/{K_\infty}$, $X^{(d)}(L)$ is the set of $L$-rational divisors over $X$ of degree $d$. The aim of this section is to endow $X^{(d)}(L)$ with a compact topology such that the following property holds.
\begin{customprop}{\ref{convergence of functions and divisors}}
Consider a sequence $(h_m)_m$ in $L\otimes A(\leq d)$.
If the sequence $(\Div(h_m)+d\infty)_m$ converges to $D\in X^{(d)}(L)$, there are $(\lambda_m)_m$ in $L^\times$ such that $(\lambda_m h_m)_m$ converges to some $h\in L\otimes A(\leq d)\setminus\{0\}$ with $\Div(h)=D-d\infty$.
If the sequence $(h_m)_m$ converges to $h\in L\otimes A(\leq d)\setminus\{0\}$, then the sequence $(\Div(h_m)+d\infty)_m$ converges to $\Div(h)+d\infty\in X^{(d)}(L)$.
\end{customprop}
In the following sections we need several times a topology on the $L$-points of other projective $\mathbb{F}_q$-schemes (such as the powers $\{X^d\}_{d\geq1}$ and the Jacobian variety $\mathcal{A}$ of $X$). To ensure their good interaction we prove that the topology that we define is functorial in Proposition \ref{Frobenius functor}.
\subsection{Functorial compact topology on ${K_\infty}$-rational points of $\mathbb{F}_q$-schemes}\label{topology}
Through this subsection, $L$ is a finite field extension of ${K_\infty}$, and $Y$ is a proper $\O_L$-scheme. We aim to construct a functor from proper schemes over $\O_L$ to compact Hausdorff topological spaces, sending $Y$ to $Y(\O_L)=Y(L)$.
\subsubsection{Definition of the functor}
\begin{lemma}\label{limit points}
The natural maps $\left(\red_{L,k}:Y(\O_L)\to Y(\O_L/\mathfrak{m}_L^k)\right)_{k\geq1}$ induce a bijection $Y(\O_L)\cong\varprojlim_k Y(\O_L/\mathfrak{m}_L^k)$.
\end{lemma}
\begin{proof}
Since $\Spec(\O_L)\cong\varinjlim_k\Spec(\O_L/\mathfrak{m}_L^k)$, we have:
\[Y(\O_L)\cong\Hom_{\O_L}\left(\varinjlim_k\Spec(\O_L/\mathfrak{m}_L^k),Y\right) \cong\varprojlim_k\Hom_{\O_L}\left(\Spec(\O_L/\mathfrak{m}_L^k),Y\right)\cong\varprojlim_k Y(\O_L/\mathfrak{m}_L^k).\tag*{\qedhere}\]
\end{proof}
\begin{oss}\label{limit topology}
The limit topology induced on $\varprojlim_k Y(\O_L/\mathfrak{m}_L^k)$ - where the indexed spaces are endowed with the discrete topology - is Hausdorff.
Since $Y$ is finite-type over $\O_L$ and $\O_L/\mathfrak{m}_L^k$ is finite for all $k$, $Y(\O_L/\mathfrak{m}_L^k)$ is finite for all $k$, so $Y(L)$ is compact. Moreover, it can be endowed with an ultrametric distance $\bar{d}$ as follows:
\[\bar{d}(P,Q):=\min_{k\in\mathbb{Z}}\left\{\frac{1}{q^k}\bigg|\red_{L,k}(P)\neq\red_{L,k}(Q)\right\}.\]
\end{oss}
\begin{Def}\label{red}
Fix an inclusion $\mathbb{F}_L\hookrightarrow\O_L$: it induces a section of $\red_{L,1}:Y(\O_L)\to Y(\mathbb{F}_L)$. We denote $\red_L:Y(\O_L)\to Y(\O_L)$ the composition of the two maps.
\end{Def}
From this point onwards, unless otherwise stated, we interpret the set $Y(\O_L)=Y(L)$ as endowed with this topology, which we call \textit{compact topology}. Similarly, if $Y'$ is a proper $\mathbb{F}_q$-scheme, the set $Y'(L)=Y'_{\O_L}(L)$ is always endowed with the compact topology.
\begin{prop}\label{Frobenius functor}
The map associating to a proper $\O_L$-scheme $Y$ the topological space $Y(\O_L)$ can be extended to a functor $F_L$.
\end{prop}
\begin{proof}
For every morphism $\varphi:Z\to Y$ of proper $\O_L$-schemes, the map $\varphi(\O_L):Z(\O_L)\to Y(\O_L)$ is continuous because it induces a system of maps $(\varphi(\O_L/\mathfrak{m}_L^k):Z(\O_L/\mathfrak{m}_L^k)\to Y(\O_L/\mathfrak{m}_L^k))_k$ which commute with the transition maps of the projective systems $(Z(\O_L/\mathfrak{m}_L^k))_k$ and $(Y(\O_L/\mathfrak{m}_L^k))_k$.
If we set $F_L(\varphi):=\varphi(\O_L)$ for all morphisms, it's easy to check that $F_L$ sends the identity map to the identity map and preserves composition, hence it is a functor.
\end{proof}
\begin{oss}\label{functor for F_q-schemes}
We also obtain a functor from proper $\mathbb{F}_q$-schemes to topological spaces, sending a scheme $Y$ to $Y(\O_L)=Y(L)$, by precomposing $\mathbb{F}_L$ with the base change $Y\mapsto Y_{\O_L}$.
\end{oss}
\begin{lemma}\label{local homeomorphism}
Let $f:Z\to Y$ be a morphism of proper $\O_L$-schemes. Fix a subset $V\subseteq Y(L)$ with preimage $U\subseteq Z(L)$, such that $F_L(f)|_U:U\to V$ is bijective. Then $F_L(f)|_U$ is a homeomorphism.
\end{lemma}
\begin{proof}
The map $F_L(f):Z(L)\to Y(L)$ is closed, being a continuous map between compact Hausdorff spaces.
Any closed set of $U$ can be written as $C\cap U$, with $C\subseteq Z(L)$ closed. We have:
\[F_L(f)(C\cap U)=F_L(f)\left(C\cap F_L(f)^{-1}(V)\right)=F_L(f)(C)\cap V,\]
which is closed in $V$ because $F_L(f)(C)$ is closed in $Y(L)$. This means that $F_L(f)|_U$ is closed, and since it induces a bijection between $U$ and $V$, it is a homeomorphism.
\end{proof}
\begin{oss}\label{projective space}
In the case of the projective space $\P^n$ of dimension $n$ over $\mathbb{F}_q$, the set $\P^n(L)$ is in bijection with $L^{n+1}\setminus\{0\}/L^\times$; since the latter has a natural topology induced by $L$, the former also does, and it's easy to check that it's the same as the compact topology we defined.
\end{oss}
\subsubsection{Application to group schemes}
The following statements show that the functor $F_L$ sends group schemes to topological groups.
\begin{lemma}\label{continuous functor}
The topological spaces $F_L(Y\times_{\O_L} Y)$ and $F_L(Y)\times F_L(Y)$ are naturally isomorphic.
\end{lemma}
\begin{proof}
The projections $\pi_1,\pi_2:Y\times Y\to Y$ induce a natural continuous map $F_L(Y\times_{\O_L} Y)\to F_L(Y)\times F_L(Y)$. Since both spaces are compact and Hausdorff, the map is closed; since the underlying function is the natural bijection $(Y\times_{\O_L} Y)(L)\cong Y(L)\times Y(L)$, the map is a homeomorphism.
\end{proof}
\begin{prop}\label{Frobenius group scheme}
If $Y$ is a (commutative) group scheme over $\O_L$, the metric on $Y(L)$ is translation invariant, and makes it into a (commutative) topological group.
\end{prop}
\begin{proof}
By Lemma \ref{continuous functor}, we identify $F_L(Y\times_{\O_L}Y)\cong F_L(Y)\times F_L(Y)$ via a natural homeomorphism.
Call $e$ the identity, $i$ the inverse, and $m$ the multiplication of $Y$. Then $F_L(Y)$ has a natural structure of topological group, with identity $F_L(e)$, inverse $F_L(i)$ and multiplication $F_L(m)$, because all the necessary diagrams commute by functoriality. For the same reason, if $Y$ is commutative, $Y(L)$ is also commutative.
To prove the invariance of the metric, we need to show that every translation is an isometry. Fix a morphism of $\O_L$-schemes $P:\Spec(\O_L)\to Y$ (i.e. $P\in Y(\O_L)$), and consider the following:
\[l_P:Y\cong \Spec(\O_L)\times_{\O_L}Y\xrightarrow{P\times id_Y} Y\times_{\O_L}Y\xrightarrow{m}Y,\]
so that $F_L(l_P):Y(L)\to Y(L)$ is the left translation by $P$. It's immediate to check that, if we call $-P$ the inverse of $P$ in $Y(\O_L)$, $l_{-P}$ is the two-sided inverse of $l_P$, therefore they are isomorphisms.
In particular, for all positive integers $k$, $l_P$ induces bijections $Y(\O_L/\mathfrak{m}_L^k)\to Y(\O_L/\mathfrak{m}_L^k)$, whose limit is precisely $F_L(l_P)$, hence $F_L(l_P)$ is an isometry. The proof for right translations is essentially the same.
\end{proof}
\begin{cor}\label{series convergence} Suppose that $Y$ is commutative. Denote with addition the group law on $Y(L)$ and with $0$ its identity element. If $(P_i)_{i\in \mathbb{N}}$ is a sequence in $Y(L)$ converging to $0$, then the series $\sum_i P_i$ is a well defined element of $Y(L)$ (i.e. the sequence of partial sums converge).
\end{cor}
\begin{proof}
Call $\bar{d}$ the distance on $Y(L)$. Since $d$ is ultrametric, we just need $\lim_k \bar{d}(S_k,S_{k-1})=0$, with $S_k:=\sum_{i=0}^k P_i$. Since the metric is translation invariant, $\lim_k \bar{d}(S_k,S_{k-1})=\lim_k \bar{d}(P_k,0)$, which is zero by hypothesis.
\end{proof}
\subsection{Topology of the space of divisors}
In this subsection we state some propositions about the symmetric powers of a curve and its Jacobian. Most results are stated and proved in \cite{Milne}.
Recall the definition of $X$; $S_d$ is the permutation group of $d$ elements. We have the following (see \cite{Milne}[Prop. 3.1, Prop. 3.2]).
\begin{prop}\label{symmetric power}
Fix a positive integer $d$. Consider the natural right action of $S_d$ on $X^d$ and call its quotient $X^{(d)}$. Then $X^{(d)}$ is a proper smooth $\mathbb{F}_q$-scheme.
\end{prop}
The following result (see \cite{Milne}[Thm. 3.13]) gives us the functorial interpretation of the symmetric power $X^{(d)}$.
\begin{teo}
Consider the functor $\Div^d_X$ which sends an $\mathbb{F}_q$-algebra $R$ to the set of relative effective Cartier divisors of degree $d$ on $X_R$ over $R$ (i.e. effective Cartier divisors on $X_R$ which are finite and flat of rank $d$ over $R$). This functor is represented by $X^{(d)}$.
\end{teo}
\begin{cor}\label{cor Milne}
For every field $E/\mathbb{F}_q$, $X^{(d)}(E)$ is in bijection with the $E$-subschemes of $X_E$ of degree $d$.
\end{cor}
Let's continue with the fundamental property of the Jacobian variety (see \cite{Milne}[Thm. 1.1]).
\begin{teo}
The functor from $\mathbb{F}_q$-algebras to abelian groups
\[R\mapsto\{\L\in\Pic(X_R)|\deg(\L_t)=0\;\forall t\in \Spec(R)\}/\pi_R^*(\Pic(R))\]
is represented by an abelian variety $\mathcal{A}$ over $\mathbb{F}_q$, called the Jacobian variety of $X$.
\end{teo}
The following result clarifies the relation between the symmetric powers of $X$ and $\mathcal{A}$ (see \cite{Milne}[Thm. 5.2]).
\begin{teo}\label{J^d}
For all $d\geq1$, the point $\infty\in X(\mathbb{F}_q)$ induces a natural morphism of $\mathbb{F}_q$-schemes $J^d:X^{(d)}\to\mathcal{A}$. Moreover, the morphism $J^g:X^{(g)}\to\mathcal{A}$ is birational and surjective.
\end{teo}
\begin{oss}
At the level of $L$-points, the morphism sends an effective divisor $D$ of degree $d$ to the class of $D-d\infty$.
\end{oss}
Finally, we present a result on the fibers of the map $J^d$ (see \cite{Milne}[Rmk. 5.6.(c)]).
\begin{prop}\label{fibers}
Fix a field extension $E/\mathbb{F}_q$ and a point $D\in X^{(d)}(E)$, corresponding to a sheaf of $\O_{X_E}$-ideals $\mathcal{I}_D$, with image $P\in\mathcal{A}(E)$. Call $V$ the $E$-vector space of the global sections of the $\O_{X_E}$-sheaf $\mathcal{I}_D^{-1}$. The fiber $(J^d)^*P$ is naturally isomorphic as an $E$-scheme to $\P(V)$.
For any field extension $E'/E$, for all $f\in E'\otimes_E V$, the isomorphism sends the line $E'\cdot f\in\P(V)(E')$ to $\Div(f)+D\in X^{(d)}(E')$.
\end{prop}
\begin{cor}\label{preimage of h^0=1}
Let $D\in X^{(d)}(E^{ac})$ with $h^0(D)=1$. If $J^d\circ D\in\mathcal{A}(E^{ac})$ factors through some $P\in\mathcal{A}(E)$, $D$ factors through some $D'\in X^{(d)}(E)$.
\end{cor}
\begin{proof}
WLOG $D\in X^{(d)}(E')$ for some finite field extension $\Phi:\Spec(E')\to\Spec(E)$. By Proposition \ref{fibers}, the pullback of $P\circ\Phi\in\mathcal{A}(E')$ along $J^d$ is a morphism $\Spec(E')\to X^{(d)}$, hence it is exactly $D$. If $Z\to X^{(d)}$ is the pullback of $P$ along $J^d$, $Z\times_{\Spec(E)}\Spec(E')$ is isomorphic to $\Spec(E')$; we deduce $Z\cong\Spec(E)$, and $D$ factors through $Z\to X^{(d)}$.
\end{proof}
With the following proposition we can finally switch between convergence of functions and convergence of divisors, which is essential to prove the functional identity of Theorem \ref{functional identity}.
\begin{prop}\label{convergence of functions and divisors}
Fix a finite field extension $L/{K_\infty}$ and consider a sequence $(h_m)_m$ in $L\otimes A(\leq d)$.
If the sequence $(\Div(h_m)+d\infty)_m$ converges to $D\in X^{(d)}(L)$, there are $(\lambda_m)_m$ in $L^\times$ such that $(\lambda_m h_m)_m$ converges to some $h\in L\otimes A(\leq d)\setminus\{0\}$ with $\Div(h)=D-d\infty$.
If the sequence $(h_m)_m$ converges to $h\in L\otimes A(\leq d)\setminus\{0\}$, the sequence $(\Div(h_m)+d\infty)_m$ converges to $\Div(h)+d\infty\in X^{(d)}(L)$.
\end{prop}
\begin{proof}
Call $V:=\Gamma(\mathcal{I}_{d\infty}^{-1},X)$ and call $Z_d$ the pullback of $0\in\mathcal{A}$ along $J^d:X^d\to\mathcal{A}$, so that $\Div(h_m)+d\infty\in Z_d(L)$ for all $m$. As we noted in Remark \ref{projective space}, $\P(V)(L)$ is homeomorphic to $(L\otimes A(\leq d)\setminus\{0\})/L^\times$ endowed with the quotient topology. On the other hand, by Proposition \ref{fibers} (setting $E=\mathbb{F}_q$ and $D=d\infty$), the $\mathbb{F}_q$-schemes $\P(V)$ and $Z_d$ are isomorphic; in particular, the natural map $\P(V)(L)\to Z_d(L)$ - sending a line $L\cdot f\in L\otimes A(\leq d)$ to $\Div(f)+d\infty$ - is a homeomorphism in the compact topology, by Remark \ref{functor for F_q-schemes}.
If the sequence $(\Div(h_m)+d\infty)_m$ converges to $D\in Z_d(L)$, this proves that the equivalence classes $([h_m])_m$ in $L\otimes A(\leq d)/L^\times$ do converge to an equivalence class $[h]$ whose divisor is $D-d\infty$. Since the projection is open, we can lift this convergence to $L\otimes A(\leq d)$ up to scalar multiplication.
The map $L\otimes A(\leq d)\setminus\{0\}\to Z(L)$ sending a function $f$ to the effective divisor $\Div(f)+d\infty$ is continuous. In particular, if the sequence $(h_m)_m$ converges to $h\in L\otimes A(\leq d)\setminus\{0\}$, the sequence $(\Div(h_m)+d\infty)_m$ converges to $\Div(h)+d\infty\in Z_d(L)$.
\end{proof}
\section{Frobenius and divisors}\label{Frobenius and divisors}
Fix an ideal $I\unlhd A$, with ideal class $\bar{I}\in Cl(A)$; with slight abuse of notation, call $I$ also the corresponding effective divisor of $X$. Call $\Xi\in X(K)$ the morphism $\Spec(K)\to X\setminus\infty$ corresponding to the canonical inclusion $A\hookrightarrow K$.
In the first subsection, we recall the notion of Frobenius twist $P^{(1)}$ for a point $P\in X^{(d)}({K_\infty})$, and study its behavior with respect to the compact topology. The main result is Proposition \ref{red limit}, where we prove that the sequence $\{P^{(m)}\}$ converges to $\red_{{K_\infty}}{P}$.
In the second subsection, we study the divisor of a rational function $h$ with respect to its expansion $\sum_{i\geq k}c_i u^i$ as an element of ${K_\infty}\hat\otimes K\cong K((u))$. Among several useful results, the most significant is Proposition \ref{Div and red commute}, where we state the identity $\Div(c_k)=\red_{K_\infty}(\Div(h))$.
Finally, in the third subsection, we construct the divisors $\{V_{I,*,m}\}_{m>0}$ and $V_{I,*}$ in $X^{(g)}({K_\infty})$ (see Lemma \ref{con}), uniquely defined by the following properties for $m\gg0$:
\begin{align*}
&\begin{cases}V_{I,*,m}-V_{I,*,m}^{(1)}\sim\Xi^{(m)}-\Xi^{(1)}\\\red_{K_\infty}(V_{I,*,m})\sim (\deg(I)+g)\infty-I\end{cases};
&\begin{cases}V_{I,*}-V_{I,*}^{(1)}\sim\infty-\Xi\\\red_{K_\infty}(V_{I,*})\sim (\deg(I)+g)\infty-I\end{cases}.
\end{align*}
The main result is the convergence of the sequence $(V_{I,*,m})_{m\gg0}$ to $V_{I,*}^{(1)}$ in $X^{(g)}({K_\infty})$ (Proposition \ref{V_{I,m}}).
\subsection{Frobenius twist}
In this subsection we define the Frobenius twist for a (proper) $\mathbb{F}_q$-scheme $Y$ and study its behavior with respect to the topology of $Y({K_\infty})$. The fundamental results are Proposition \ref{red limit} and Lemma \ref{Twist and divisors}.
\begin{Def}\label{def frobenius}
Let $Y$ be an $\mathbb{F}_q$-scheme, and $R$ an $\mathbb{F}_q$-algebra. Consider the morphism $\Frob_R:\Spec(R)\to\Spec(R)$ of $\mathbb{F}_q$-schemes induced by raising to the $q^\text{th}$ power.
The morphism $\Frob_R$ and the identity on $Y$ induce an endomorphism of $Y_R$ over $\Spec(\mathbb{F}_q)$: we denote it $F_R^Y:Y_R\to Y_R$.
Call $\pi_Y:Y_R\to Y$ and $\pi_R:Y_R\to\Spec(R)$ the natural projection. For all $P\in Y(R)$, denote $\overline{P}$ the unique element of $\Hom_R(\Spec(R),Y_R)$ such that $P=\pi_Y\circ\overline{P}$. We call Frobenius twist of $P$, and denote $P^{(1)}\in Y(R)$ the only element such that $\overline{P^{(1)}}$ is the pullback of $\overline{P}$ along $F_R^Y$. The $n$-th iteration of the twist is denoted $P^{(n)}$ for all $n\in\mathbb{N}$.
\end{Def}
\begin{lemma}\label{Frob}
In the notation of Definition \ref{def frobenius}, we have $P^{(1)}=P\circ\Frob_R$.
\end{lemma}
\begin{proof}
We have the following cartesian diagram:
\[\begin{tikzcd}
{\Spec(R)} & {Y_R} & {\Spec(R)} \\
{\Spec(R)} & {Y_R} & {\Spec(R)}
\arrow["{\pi_R}", from=1-2, to=1-3]
\arrow["{\overline{P^{(1)}}}", from=1-1, to=1-2]
\arrow["{\Frob_R}"', from=1-1, to=2-1]
\arrow["{\overline{P}}"', from=2-1, to=2-2]
\arrow["{F_R^Y}"{anchor=west}, from=1-2, to=2-2]
\arrow["{\pi_R}"', from=2-2, to=2-3]
\arrow["{\Frob_R}", from=1-3, to=2-3]
\arrow["\square"{anchor=center, pos=0.5}, draw=none, from=1-2, to=2-3]
\arrow["\square"{anchor=center, pos=0.5}, shift left=1, draw=none, from=1-1, to=2-2].
\end{tikzcd}\]
Since $\pi_Y\circ F_R^Y=\pi_Y$, we get: $P^{(1)}=\pi_Y\circ\overline{P^{(1)}}=\pi_Y\circ F_R^Y\circ\overline{P^{(1)}}=\pi_Y\circ\overline{P}\circ\Frob_R=P\circ\Frob_R.$
\end{proof}
\begin{oss}
In light of Lemma \ref{Frob}, if $\Frob_R$ is an isomorphism, for all $P\in Y(R)$ we can redefine $P^{(k)}\in Y(R)$ as $P\circ(\Frob_R)^k$ for all $k\in\mathbb{Z}$.
\end{oss}
\begin{lemma}\label{Frobenius twist of a power}
Fix a positive integer $d$, an $\mathbb{F}_q$-scheme $Y$, and an $\mathbb{F}_q$-algebra $R$, and consider a point $(P_1,\dots,P_d)\in Y^d(R)$. Its Frobenius twist is $(P_1^{(1)},\dots,P_d^{(1)})$.
\end{lemma}
\begin{proof}
The $i$-th projection $\pi_i:Y^d\to Y$ is such that $\pi_i\circ(P_1,\dots,P_d)=P_i$. By Remark \ref{Frob}:
\[\pi_i\circ\left((P_1,\dots,P_d)^{(1)}\right)=\pi_i\circ(P_1,\dots,P_d)\circ\Frob_R=P_i\circ\Frob_R=P_i^{(1)}.\tag*{\qedhere}\]
\end{proof}
\begin{oss}
The analogous statement, with the same proof, is true for any product of $\mathbb{F}_q$-schemes.
\end{oss}
Let $L/{K_\infty}$ be a finite field extension and $Y$ a proper $\O_L$-scheme. Recall the notation $\red_L$ of Definition \ref{red}.
\begin{prop}\label{red limit}
Fix a point $P\in Y(L)$, and set $k_L$ such that $\#\mathbb{F}_L=q^{k_L}$.
The sequence $(P^{(m k_L+r)})_m$ converges to $\red_L(P)^{(r)}$ in $Y(L)$.
\end{prop}
\begin{proof}
Since $\Spec(\O_L)$ only has one closed point, we can choose an open affine subscheme $U\subseteq Y$ with $B:=\O_Y(U)$ such that $P\in U(\O_L)$: $P$ corresponds to a map of $\O_L$-algebras $\chi_P:B\to\O_L$; its reduction modulo $\mathfrak{m}_L$, composed with the immersion $\mathbb{F}_L\hookrightarrow\O_L$, is $\chi_{\red_L(P)}$ by Definition \ref{red}. For all $i$, $P^{(i)}$ corresponds to the map $(\cdot)^{q^i}\circ\chi_P$, which modulo $\mathfrak{m}_L^{q^i}$ is the same as $\chi_{\red_L(P)^{(i)}}$, hence the projections of $P^{(i)}$ and $\red_L(P)^{(i)}$ onto $Y(\O_L/\mathfrak{m}_L^{q^i})$ coincide. Since $\red_L(P)^{(m k_L+i)}=\red_L(P)^{(i)}$ for all $m\geq0$, this proves the convergence.
\end{proof}
\begin{oss}
For any effective divisor $D$ of the curve $X_L$ over $\Spec(L)$, we can define its twist $D^{(1)}$ as the pullback along $F_L^X$. Obviously, if $D=\sum P_i$ with $P_i\in X_L(L_i)$, $D^{(1)}=\sum P_i^{(1)}$.
\end{oss}
\begin{Def}
Let $h$ be a rational function on $X_L$, i.e. a morphism of $L$-schemes $X_L\to\P^1_L$. We define the Frobenius twist $h^{(1)}:=h\circ F_L^X$.
\end{Def}
\begin{oss}
The field rational functions of $X_L$ is $\Q(L\otimes A)$, and if $h=\sum_i l_i\otimes a_i\in L\otimes A$, $h^{(1)}=\sum_i l_i^q\otimes a_i$.
\end{oss}
We show that the Frobenius twists of divisors and rational functions are compatible.
\begin{lemma}\label{Twist and divisors}
Let $h\in L(X)$, and call $\Div(h)$ its divisor. Then, $\Div(h^{(1)})=(\Div(h))^{(1)}$.
\end{lemma}
\begin{proof}
For any closed point $P\in\P^1_L$, $(h^{(1)})^*(P)=(F_L^X)^*\circ h^*(P)$; setting $P=0$ and $P=\infty$, since the Frobenius twist on the divisors is induced by the pullback via $F_L^X$, we get our thesis.
\end{proof}
\subsection{Rational functions on $X_{K_\infty}$ as Laurent series}
Fix a finite field extension $L/{K_\infty}$ and a uniformizer $u\in\O_L$. Call $K'$ the fraction field of $X_{\mathbb{F}_L}$, i.e. $\mathbb{F}_L K$, and $A':=\mathbb{F}_L A$.
\begin{oss}
Since $L(X)$ is the fraction field of $\O_L\otimes K'$, which has $\mathfrak{m}_L K'=(u\otimes1)\O_L\otimes K'$ as a maximal ideal, we can endow $L(X)$ with the $\mathfrak{m}_L K'$-adic topology.
\end{oss}
\begin{lemma}\label{K((u))}
The following statements hold.
\begin{enumerate}
\item The completion of $L(X)$ is naturally isomorphic to $K'((u))$ as a topological field.
\item For all positive integers $d$ the inclusion $L\otimes_{\mathbb{F}_L}A'(\leq d)\cong L\otimes A(\leq d)\hookrightarrow L(X)$ is an isometry (with respect to the sup norm on the left and the $u$-adic norm on the right) and a closed immersion.
\item For all $h\in L(X)\subseteq K'((u))$, if we write $h=\sum_{j\geq m}c_j u^j$, then $h^{(1)}=\sum_{j\geq m}c_j^{(1)}
u^{qj}$.
\item There is an immersion $L\hat\otimes A\hookrightarrow K'((u))$ whose image is exactly $A'[[u]][u^{-1}]$, i.e. the subset of Laurent series whose coefficients are in $A'$.
\end{enumerate}
\end{lemma}
\begin{proof}
\begin{enumerate}
\item The natural isomorphisms $(\O_L\otimes K'/\mathfrak{m}_L^n K'\cong K'[u]/u^n)_n$ pass to the limit and to fraction fields, giving a natural isomorphism between the completion of $L(X)$ and $K'((u))$ as topological fields.
\item Since the metric space $L\otimes A(\leq d)$ is complete, it suffices to prove that its inclusion into $L(X)\subseteq K'((u))$ is an isometry. Fix an $\mathbb{F}_L$-linear basis $\{b_1,\dots,b_k\}$ of $A'(\leq d)$: we want to show that for all $k$-uples $(a_1,\dots,a_k)\in L^k\setminus\{0\}$, their minimum valuation is equal to the degree of $\sum_j a_j b_j\in K'((u))$. Up to multiplying all $a_j$'s by the same factor in $L^\times$, we can assume their minimum valuation to be $0$, so that we can take their projections $(\bar{a_j})_j$ onto $\O_L/\mathfrak{m}_L\cong\mathbb{F}_L$. We have that $\sum_j a_j b_j\in K'[[u]]$, and its coefficient of degree $0$ is $\sum_j\bar{a_j}b_j$; since not all $\bar{a_j}$ are zero, and the $b_j$'s are $\mathbb{F}_L$-linearly independent, this coefficient is nonzero.
\item Since the Frobenius twist on $\O_L\otimes A$ comes from the identity of $A$ and the Frobenius endomorphism of $\O_L$, we can extend it to $K'((u))$ by sending a generic element $\sum_{j\geq m}c_j u^j$ to $\sum_{j\geq m}c_j^{(1)} u^{qj}$.
\item Since $L\otimes A=\bigcup_d L\otimes A(\leq d)$, its inclusion in $K'((u))$ is an isometry, and since its image is contained in $A'[[u]][u^{-1}]$ we have an immersion $L\hat\otimes A\hookrightarrow A'[[u]][u^{-1}]$. On the other hand, every element $h\in A'[[u]][u^{-1}]$ is limit of its truncated expansions, which are in the image of $L\otimes A$, hence $h$ is contained in the image of $L\hat\otimes A$.\qedhere
\end{enumerate}
\end{proof}
To better understand the usefulness of $K'((u))$, let's state a couple of propositions. First, we prove a very natural result, analogous to Lemma \ref{Twist and divisors} but with the reduction instead of the twist.
\begin{Def}
For all nonzero $h\in L(X)\subseteq K'((u))$, write $h=\sum_{j\geq m}c_j u^j$ with $c_m\neq0$, and set $\red_u(h):=c_m$.
\end{Def}
\begin{prop}\label{Div and red commute}
For all nonzero $h\in L(X)$, $\Div(\red_u(h))=\red_L(\Div(h))$, where both are $\mathbb{F}_L$-rational divisors of $X_{\mathbb{F}_L}$.
\end{prop}
\begin{proof}
Since for any nonzero $h\in L(X)$ there is a positive integer $d$ and $h_+,h_-\in\O_L\otimes_{\mathbb{F}_L} A'(\leq d)$ such that $h=\frac{h_+}{h_-}$, we can assume $h\in\O_L\otimes_{\mathbb{F}_L} A'(\leq d)$. Up to a factor in $L^\times$, we can also assume $h=\sum_{i\geq0}c_i u^i\in K'[[u]]$ with $c_0\in A'(\leq d)\setminus\{0\}$. By Lemma \ref{K((u))}.3, the sequence $(h^{(m k_L)})_m$ is equal to $(\sum_{j\geq0}c_j u^{j m k_L})_m$, hence it converges to $c_0$ in $K'[[u]]$; by Lemma \ref{K((u))}.2 this convergence lifts to $L\otimes_{\mathbb{F}_L} A'(\leq d)$. The sequence of divisors $(\Div(h^{(m f_L)})+d\infty)_m$, by Proposition \ref{convergence of functions and divisors}, converges to $\Div(c_0)+d\infty$ in $X^{(d)}(L)$; on the other hand, by Proposition \ref{red limit}, it converges to $\red_L(\Div(h))+d\infty$, hence we have the desired equality.
\end{proof}
We prove now that the immersion $L(X)\hookrightarrow K'((u))$ behaves reasonably well with evaluations.
\begin{prop}\label{conv eval entire rational}
Fix $h\in L(X)$ with its only poles at $\infty$ (i.e. $h\in L\otimes A$), of degree $d$, written as $\sum_i h_{(i)} u^i\in K'((u))$; fix $P\in X_{\mathbb{F}_L}(L^{ac})\setminus\{\infty\}$, corresponding to a $\mathbb{F}_L$-linear homomorphism $\chi_P:A'\to L^{ac}$. Then, $h_{(i)}\in A'$ for all $i$ and $h(P)=\sum_i \chi_P(h_{(i)})u^i$.
\end{prop}
\begin{proof}
We can write $h=\sum_j \gamma_j a_j$, with $\gamma_j\in L=\mathbb{F}_L((u))$ and $a_j\in A'(\leq d)$, hence $h_{(i)}\in A'(\leq d)$ for all $i$. For all integers $m$ define $\gamma_{j,m}$ as the truncation of $\gamma_j\in\mathbb{F}_L((u))$ at the degree $m$, and define $h_m:=\sum_j \gamma_{j,m} a_j\in K'((u))$, so that $h_m=\sum_{i\leq m} h_{(i)} u^i$. We have the equalities:
\begin{align*}
&h_m(P)=\chi_P\left(\sum_j \gamma_{j,m} a_j\right)=\sum_j\gamma_{j,m}\chi_P(a_j);
&h_m(P)=\chi_P\left(\sum_{i\leq m} h_{(i)} u^i\right)=\sum_{i\leq m}\chi_P(h_{(i)})u^i;
\end{align*}
where we used that both summations are finite.
Since the sequence $(\gamma_{j,m})_m$ converges to $\gamma_j$ in $\mathbb{F}_L((u))$ for all $j$, the first equation tells us that the sequence $(h_m(P))_m$ converges to $h(P)$. On the other hand, from the second equation, it also converges to $\sum_i \chi_P(h_{(i)})u^i$.
\end{proof}
\begin{prop}\label{conv eval Tate}
Let $h=\sum_i h_{(i)} u^i\in A'[[u]][u^{-1}]$ be a rational function over $X_L$; for any finite field extension $E/L$, fix $P\in X_L(E)$ such that $\red_E(P)\neq\infty$, corresponding to a function $\chi_P:A'\to\O_E$. Then $P$ is not a pole of $h$, and $h(P)=\sum_i \chi_P(h_{(i)})u^i$.
\end{prop}
\begin{proof}
For $N\gg0$, we have a strict inclusion $\L(N\infty-\Div_-(h)-P)\subsetneq\L(N\infty-\Div_-(h))$, so we can choose $h_-$ in their difference, and set $h_+:=h h_-$; by definition, $h_+,h_-\in L\otimes A'$.
If we write $h_+=\sum_i h_{+,(i)} u^i$ and $h_-=\sum_i h_{-,(i)} u^i$, we have for all integers $k$ the equation $h_{+,(k)}=\sum_{i+j=k}h_{(i)} h_{-,(j)}$, which commutes with evaluation, being a finite sum. Since $\chi_P$ has image in $\O_E$, the series $\sum_i \chi_P(h_{(i)})u^i$ converges, hence by Proposition \ref{conv eval entire rational} we get the following equation in $\O_E$:
\begin{align*}
h_+(P)&=\sum_k \chi_P(h_{+,(k)}) u^k=\sum_k\sum_{i+j=k}\chi_P(h_{(i)})\chi_P(h_{-,(j)})u^k\\
&=\left(\sum_i\chi_P(h_{(i)})u^i\right)\left(\sum_j \chi_P(h_{-,(j)})u^j\right)=\left(\sum_i\chi_P(h_{(i)})u^i\right)h_-(P).
\end{align*}
Since $h_-\in\L(N\infty-\Div_-(h))\setminus\L(N\infty-\Div_-(h)-P)$, if $P$ is a pole of $h$, then $P$ is a zero of $h_-$ of the same order, and $h_+(P)\neq0$, hence we reach a contradiction by the previous equation. Since $P$ is not a pole of $h$, then $h_-(P)\neq0$, and since $h_+(P)=h(P)h_-(P)$ we get:
\[h(P)=\frac{h_+(P)}{h_-(P)}=\sum_i\chi_P(h_{(i)})u^i.\tag*{\qedhere}\]
\end{proof}
\begin{cor}\label{A[[u]][u^{-1}]}
Let $h=\sum_i h_{(i)}u^i\in K'[[u]]$ be a rational function over $X_L$. Then, $h$ is in $A'[[u]][u^{-1}]$ if and only if all its poles reduce to $\infty$.
\end{cor}
\begin{proof}
By Proposition \ref{conv eval Tate}, if $h\in A'[[u]][u^{-1}]$, its poles reduce to $\infty$. Vice versa, if $h\not\in A'[[u]][u^{-1}]$, call $m$ the least integer such that $h_{(m)}\not\in A'$ and set $h':=\sum_{i<m} h_{(i)} u^i$. By Lemma \ref{Div and red commute}:
\[\Div(h_{(m)})=\Div(\red_u(h-h'))=\red_L(\Div(h-h'))\]
and, since $h_{(m)}\not\in A'$, $h-h'$ has a pole at a point $P$ which does not reduce to $\infty$; on the other hand, since $h'\in A'[[u]][u^{-1}]$, it does not have a pole at $P$, hence $P$ is a pole of $h=(h-h')+h'$.
\end{proof}
\begin{cor}\label{cor conv eval Tate}
Let $h=\sum_i h_{(i)}u^i\in A'[[u]][u^{-1}]$ be a nonzero rational function over $X_L$, and suppose that the coefficients $(h_{(i)})_i$ are all contained some prime ideal $P\unlhd A'$. Then $P$, as a closed point of $X_L$, is a zero of $h$.
\end{cor}
\begin{proof}
If we define $\mathbb{F}_P:=A'/P$, we can take a point $Q\in X_L(\mathbb{F}_P L)$ with support at $P$. By Proposition \ref{conv eval Tate}, we get $h(Q)=\sum_i h_{(i)}(Q)u^i=0$, hence $P$ is a zero of $h$.
\end{proof}
\subsection{Notable divisors and convergence results}
As anticipated by Lemma \ref{Twist and divisors}, in this subsection we explore the relation between Frobenius twists, divisors, and the compact topology.
\begin{lemma}[Drinfeld's vanishing lemma]\label{Drinfeld}
Let $E/K$ be a field extension, $W\in X^{(d)}(E)$ for some $d\leq g$, $P,Q\in X(E)$. Suppose that $[W-W^{(m)}]=[P-Q]$, where $P\neq Q^{(sm)}$ for $0\leq s+d\leq2g$; then $d=g$ and $h^0(W)=1$.
\end{lemma}
\begin{proof}
Call $W_0:=W$ and set $W_{i+1}=W_i+Q^{(im)}$ for all $i\in\mathbb{Z}$. Note that, since $\deg(W_k)=d+k$, $h^0(W_{-d-1})=0$ and $h^0(W_{2g-d-1})=g$. For all $i$, $h^0(W_i)\leq h^0(W_{i+1})\leq h^0(W_i)+1$, so there is a least integer $k\in[-d,0]$ such that $h^0(W_k)=1$.
Let's prove that for all $i\in[-d,2g-d-1[$, if $h^0(W_i)\geq1$, then $h^0(W_{i+1})=h^0(W_i)+1$. We have two relations:
\begin{align*}
W_{i+1}&=(W+Q+\dots+Q^{((i-1)m)})+Q^{(im)}=W_i+Q^{(im)},\\
W_{i+1}&=(W+Q^{(m)}+\dots+Q^{(im)})+Q=(W_i^{(m)}-W^{(m)}+W)+Q\sim W_i^{(m)}+P;
\end{align*}
they induce two inclusions of vector spaces - $\L(W_i^{(m)})\subseteq \L(W_{i+1})$ and $\L(W_i)\subseteq \L(W_{i+1})$. To prove that those inclusions are strict, we need that $\L(W_i)\neq \L(W_i^{(m)})$ as subspaces of $\L(W_{i+1})$; they have the same dimension (because the Frobenius twist induces an isomorphism between the two vector spaces), so we just need $W_i\not\sim W_i^{(m)}$, but:
\[W_i\not\sim W_i^{(m)}\Leftrightarrow W-W^{(m)}\not\sim Q^{(im)}-Q\Leftrightarrow P\not\sim Q^{(im)}\Leftrightarrow P\neq Q^{(im)},\]
which is implied by our hypothesis. In particular, since $W_{2g-d-1}$ has degree $2g-1$, we get that
\[g=h^0(W_{2g-d-1})=h^0(W_k)+2g-d-1-k=2g-d-k,\]
therefore $g=d+k$; but $k\leq0$ and $d\leq g$ implies $d=g$ and $k=0$, therefore $h^0(W)=1$.
\end{proof}
The previous lemma ensures that if such a divisor $W$ exists, it has no other effective divisors in its same equivalence class. On the other hand, the existence of such $W$ is ensured by the following propositions.
As usual, let $L$ be a finite field extension of ${K_\infty}$, with residue field $\mathbb{F}_L$ and $q^{k_L}:=\#\mathbb{F}_L$
\begin{prop}\label{finite covering}
Call $\mathcal{A}_0(L)$ the kernel of $\red_L:\mathcal{A}(L)\to\mathcal{A}(\mathbb{F}_L)$ (which is a continuous homomorphism). The map $\mathcal{A}(L)\to\mathcal{A}_0(L)\times\mathcal{A}(\mathbb{F}_L)$ sending a point $D$ to the couple $(D-D^{(k_L)},\red_L(D))$ is an isomorphism of topological groups.
\end{prop}
\begin{proof}
The map is obviously a continuous group homomorphism. Since domain and codomain are both compact and Hausdorff, it's sufficient to prove bijectivity.
On one hand, to prove injectivity, if we suppose $D-D^{(k_L)}=0$ we have $D\in\mathcal{A}(\mathbb{F}_L)$, so if $\red_L(D)=0$ we can deduce that $D=0$.
On the other hand, to prove surjectivity, we fix $(D_0,\tilde{D})\in\mathcal{A}_0(L)\times\mathcal{A}(\mathbb{F}_L)$ and show that they are the image of some $D\in\mathcal{A}(L)$. By Proposition \ref{red limit} we have that the sequence $(D_0^{(i k_L)})_i$ converges to $\red_L(D_0)=0$, hence by Corollary \ref{series convergence} the series $\tilde{D}+\sum_{i\geq0}D_0^{(i k_L)}$ converges to some point $D\in\mathcal{A}(L)$. Since the Frobenius twist and the reduction $\red_L$ are continuous endomorphisms of $\mathcal{A}(L)$, we get the following equations:
\begin{align*}
&D-D^{(k_L)}=\tilde{D}+\sum_{i\geq0}D_0^{(i k_L)}-\tilde{D}^{(k_L)}-\sum_{i\geq1}D_0^{(i k_L)}=D_0;&\red_L(D)=\red_L(\tilde{D})=\tilde{D},
\end{align*}
hence the image of $D$ is $(D_0,\tilde{D})$.
\end{proof}
From now on, given an effective divisor $W\in X^{(d)}(L)$, we denote with $J(W)$ its image via the morphism $J^d:X^{(d)}\to\mathcal{A}$, i.e. the equivalence class of $W-d\infty$ in the Jacobian.
\begin{cor}\label{V}
Fix a point $D\in\mathcal{A}(\mathbb{F}_L)$, and let $P,Q\in X(L)$ such that $\red_L(P)=\red_L(Q)$, with $P\neq Q^{(s)}$ for $|s|<2g$.
Then, there is a unique effective divisor $W$ such that: $W-W^{(k_L)}\sim P-Q$, $\red_L(J(W))=D$, and $\deg(W)\leq g$.
Moreover, a fortiori, $W\in X^{(g)}(L)$ and, if $R$ is a point in the support of $W$, $R\not\in X(\mathbb{F}_q^{ac})$.
\end{cor}
\begin{proof}
By Proposition \ref{finite covering} there is an element $D'\in\mathcal{A}(L)$ such that $D'-D'^{(k_L)}=[P-Q]$ and $\red_L(D')=D$. Since the morphism $J^g$ is surjective, there is a divisor $W\in X^{(g)}(L^{ac})$ such that $J(W)=D'$. By Drinfeld's vanishing lemma, there is only one divisor of degree $\leq g$ with the requested properties, hence $h^0(W)=1$; by Corollary \ref{preimage of h^0=1}, $W$ is $L$-rational.
Now, call $W'\leq W$ a maximal $\mathbb{F}_q^{ac}$-rational effective divisor ($W'\in X^{(d)}(\mathbb{F}_q^{ac})$), and call $G$ the group of $L$-linear field automorphisms of $L^{ac}$, which acts naturally on $X(L^{ac})$. Since $W\in X^{(g)}(L)$, it is fixed by the induced action of $G$; moreover, this action sends $X(\mathbb{F}_q^{ac})$ to itself, hence $W'\leq W$ is also fixed by $G$: since $W'$ is both $L$-rational and $\mathbb{F}_q^{ac}$-rational, $W'\in X^{(d)}(\mathbb{F}_L)$. We have:
\[(W-W')-(W-W')^{(k_L)}=(W-W^{(k_L)})+(W'-W'^{(k_L)})=W-W^{(k_L)}\sim P-Q,\]
but $\deg(W-W')=g$ from Drinfeld's vanishing lemma, hence $d=deg(W')=0$.
\end{proof}
Recall the notations of $I,\bar{I},\Xi$ from the start of this section.
\begin{lemma}\label{red(Xi)}
We have the identity $\red_{K_\infty}(\Xi)=\infty$ in $X({K_\infty})$.
\end{lemma}
\begin{proof}
Since the image of the canonical inclusion $A\hookrightarrow{K_\infty}$ is not contained in $\O_{K_\infty}$, the morphism $\Xi:\Spec({K_\infty})\to X\setminus\infty$ does not factor through $\Spec(\O_{K_\infty})$, which means that $\red_{K_\infty}(\Xi)\not\in X(\mathbb{F}_q)\setminus\infty$, so $\red_{K_\infty}(\Xi)=\infty$.
\end{proof}
Next, we construct some notable divisors.
\begin{lemma}\label{con}
The following effective divisors of $X_{K_\infty}$ exist and are unique:
\begin{itemize}
\item a divisor $V_{\bar{I}}$ of degree at most $g$, such that $V_{\bar{I}}-V_{\bar{I}}^{(1)}\sim\Xi-\infty$ and $\red_{K_\infty}(J(V_{\bar{I}}))=J(I)$;
\item for $m\geq1$, a divisor $V_{\bar{I},m}$ of degree at most $g$, such that $V_{\bar{I},m}-V_{\bar{I},m}^{(1)}\sim\Xi^{(1)}-\Xi^{(m+1)}$ and $\red_{K_\infty}(J(V_{\bar{I}}))=J(I)$;
\item a divisor $V_{\bar{I},*}$ of degree at most $g$ such that $J(V_{\bar{I},*})+J(V_{\bar{I}})=0$;
\item for $m\gg0$, a divisor $V_{\bar{I},*,m}$ of degree at most $g$ such that $J(V_{\bar{I},*,m})+J(V_{\bar{I},m})=0$.
\end{itemize}
Moreover, they all are in $X^{(g)}({K_\infty})$.
\end{lemma}
\begin{proof}
Let's first note that the divisors, if they exist, are well defined: since for all $a,b\in^* A$ $J(aI)=J(bI)$, the properties of the divisors we want to construct only depend on the ideal class $\bar{I}\in Cl(A)$ of $I$.
Since $\red_{K_\infty}(\Xi)=\infty$ by Lemma \ref{red(Xi)}, we can apply Corollary \ref{V} to $P=\Xi$ and $Q=\infty$ (resp. $P=\Xi^{(1)}$ and $Q=\Xi^{(m+1)}$ for $m\geq1$), so the divisor $V_{\bar{I}}$ (resp. $V_{\bar{I},m}$) exists, is unique, and is contained in $X^{(g)}({K_\infty})$.
Since $J^g(K_\infty^{ac}):X^{(g)}(K_\infty^{ac})\to\mathcal{A}(K_\infty^{ac})$ is surjective, there is at least one effective divisor $V_{\bar{I},*}$ of degree at most $g$ such that $J(V_{\bar{I},*})=-J(V_{\bar{I}})$. It has the following properties:
\begin{align*}
&[V_{\bar{I},*}-V_{\bar{I},*}^{(1)}]=[V_{\bar{I}}^{(1)}-V_{\bar{I}}]=[\infty-\Xi];
&\red_{K_\infty}(J(V_{\bar{I},*}))=-\red_{K_\infty}(J(V_{\bar{I}}))=-J(I).
\end{align*}
By Corollary \ref{V} applied to $P=\infty$ and $Q=\Xi$, $V_{\bar{I},*}$ is unique, ${K_\infty}$-rational, and of degree $g$.
In the same way we can prove the existence and uniqueness of $V_{\bar{I},*,m}$ for $m\gg0$, since it has the following properties: $V_{\bar{I},*,m}-V_{\bar{I},*,m}^{(1)}\sim\Xi^{(m+1)}-\Xi^{(1)}$, and $\red_{K_\infty}(J(V_{\bar{I},*,m}))=-J(I)$.
\end{proof}
\begin{oss}\label{Hayes}
Since we fixed an inclusion $H\subseteq{K_\infty}$, the divisors $\{V_{\bar{I}}\}_{\bar{I}}$ are actually $H$-rational, and the natural action of $\G(H/K)$ on this set is free and transitive (see \cite{Hayes}[Prop. 3.2, Thm. 8.5]). Call $\bar{I}^\sigma\in Cl(A)$ the element such that $V_{\bar{I}^\sigma}=V_{\bar{I}}^\sigma$. Since this action commutes with morphisms of schemes, for all $\sigma\in\G(H/K)$, for all $\bar{I}\in Cl(A)$, we have that
\[[V_{\bar{I},*}^\sigma-g\infty]=[V_{\bar{I},*}-g\infty]^\sigma=[g\infty-V_{\bar{I}}]^\sigma=[g\infty-V_{\bar{I}}^\sigma]=[g\infty-V_{\bar{I}^\sigma}]=[V_{\bar{I}^\sigma,*}-g\infty];\]
hence $V_{\bar{I},*}^\sigma=V_{\bar{I}^\sigma,*}$ by Lemma \ref{con} because of uniqueness.
\end{oss}
Finally, we state the main result of this subsection, which is central to the proof of Theorem \ref{functional identity}.
\begin{prop}\label{V_{I,m}}
The sequences $(V_{\bar{I},m})_m$ and $(V_{\bar{I},*,m})_m$ converge respectively to the divisors $V_{\bar{I}}^{(1)}$ and $V_{\bar{I},*}^{(1)}$ in $X^{(g)}({K_\infty})$.
\end{prop}
\begin{proof}
Define $U:=\{D\in X^{(g)}({K_\infty})|h^0(D)=1\}$, so that the restriction $J^g({K_\infty})|_U$ induces a bijection of $U$ with its image in $\mathcal{A}({K_\infty})$, which by Lemma \ref{local homeomorphism} is a homeomorphism.
By Lemma \ref{con} - for $m\gg0$ - $h^0(V_{\bar{I},m})=h^0(V_{\bar{I}}^{(1)})=1$, so $V_{\bar{I},m},V_{\bar{I}}^{(1)}\in U$, and it suffices to prove the convergence of their images in $\mathcal{A}({K_\infty})$.
If we identify $\mathcal{A}({K_\infty})$ and $\mathcal{A}(\mathbb{F}_q)\times\mathcal{A}_0({K_\infty})$ by Proposition \ref{finite covering}, we have:
\begin{align*}
\lim_m V_{\bar{I},m}=&\lim_m\left(\red_{K_\infty}(J^g(V_{\bar{I},m})),[V_{\bar{I},m}-V_{\bar{I},m}^{(1)}]\right)=\lim_m\left(J(I),[\Xi^{(1)}-\Xi^{(m+1)}]\right)\\
=&\left(J(I),[\Xi^{(1)}-\infty]\right)=\left(\red_{K_\infty}(J^g(V_{\bar{I}}^{(1)})),[V_{\bar{I}}^{(1)}-V_{\bar{I}}^{(2)}]\right)=V_{\bar{I}}^{(1)}.
\end{align*}
Similarly, for the other statement, it suffices to prove that the sequence $(J(V_{\bar{I},m,*}))_m$ converges to $J(V_{\bar{I},*}^{(1)})$, which is obvious because $J(V_{\bar{I},m,*})=-J(V_{\bar{I},m})$ for all $m\gg0$ and $J(V_{\bar{I},*}^{(1)})=-J(V_{\bar{I}}^{(1)})$.
\end{proof}
\section{Zeta functions}\label{zeta functions}
Throughout this and all the next sections we fix a uniformizer $u\in{K_\infty}$ and an ideal $I\unlhd A$. With the same abuse of notation as before, we also call $I$ the corresponding closed subscheme of $X\setminus\infty$, and $d$ its degree.
The following definition is a generalization of the zeta functions introduced by Pellarin in \cite{Pellarin2011}.
\begin{Def}
The \textit{partial zeta function} relative to $I$ is defined as the series:
\[\zeta_I:=\sum_{a\in^* I}a^{-1}\otimes a\in{K_\infty}\hat\otimes A.\]
\end{Def}
In this section, we first define the rational approximations $\{\zeta_{I,m}\}$ of $\zeta_I$ and compute their divisors, in analogy to what already done by Chung, Ngo Dac and Pellarin in the case $I=A$ (see \cite{Pellarin2021}[Lemma 2.1]). Afterwards, we use Proposition \ref{convergence of functions and divisors} to prove a functional identity regarding $\zeta_I$ in the shape of an infinite product, i.e. the partial version of Theorem \ref{functional identity}.
The complete version of the theorem, stated in the introduction, is be proven at the end of Section \ref{section duality}.
\subsection{The approximations of $\zeta_I$ and their divisors}\label{subsection def zeta}
For $m\in\mathbb{N}$, call $j_m$ the least integer such that $\dim_{\mathbb{F}_q}(I(\leq j_m))=h^0(j_m\infty-I)=m+1$. We call $a_I\in I$ the nonzero element with least degree (i.e. $a_I\in I(j_0)$) and sign $1$.
\begin{oss}\label{j_m inequality}
Since $\deg(j_m\infty-I)+1-g\leq h^0(j_m\infty-I)\leq\deg(j_m\infty-I)+1$, we get the inequality:
\[m+d\leq j_m\leq m+g+d.\]
Moreover, for $m\gg0$, the rightmost inequality becomes an equality.
\end{oss}
\begin{Def}
We set for all $m\geq0$:
\[\zeta_{I,m}:=\sum_{a\in^* I(\leq j_m)}a^{-1}\otimes a\in{K_\infty}\otimes A.\]
\end{Def}
\begin{oss}
The sequence $\zeta_{I,m}$ converges to $\zeta_I$ in ${K_\infty}\hat\otimes A\cong A[[u]]$.
\end{oss}
\begin{prop}\label{divisor of zeta_{I,m}}
The divisor of $\zeta_{I,m}$ is $\Xi^{(1)}+\dots+\Xi^{(m)}+I+W_m-j_m\infty$ for some effective divisor $W_m$ with $h^0(W_m)=1$. Moreover, for $m\gg0$, $j_m=m+g+d$ and $W_m=V_{\bar{I},*,m}$.
\end{prop}
We use the following technical lemma (see \cite{Goss}[Lemma 8.8.1]).
\begin{lemma}\label{Goss}
Let $U\subseteq{\mathbb{C}_\infty}$ be a finite $\mathbb{F}_q$-vector space of dimension $\alpha$, let $a$ be a nonnegative integer, and denote $a_i$ - with $0\leq a_i<q$ - the $i$-th digit of the expansion of $a$ in base $q$. Then, if $\sum_i a_i<(q-1)\alpha$, the polynomial $\sum_{w\in U}(x+w)^a\in{\mathbb{C}_\infty}[x]$ is identically zero. In particular, this happens for $0\leq a<q^\alpha-1$.
\end{lemma}
\begin{proof}[Proof of Proposition \ref{divisor of zeta_{I,m}}]
Since $\zeta_{I,m}$ is sum of elements whose divisor contains $I$, it's obvious that $\Div^+(\zeta_{I,m})\geq I$. For any positive integer $k$ we have:
\[\zeta_{I,m}(\Xi^{(k)})=\sum_{a\in I(\leq j_m)}a^{q^k-1},\]
which by Lemma \ref{Goss} is zero when $k\leq\dim(I(\leq j_m))-1=m$. Since the only poles are at $\infty$, and have multiplicity at most $j_m$, $\Div(\zeta_{I,m})=\Xi^{(1)}+\dots+\Xi^{(m)}+I+W_m-j_m\infty$ for some effective divisor $W_m$. To study $h^0(W_m)$, call $D_n:=j_m\infty-I-\sum_{i=1}^n\Xi^{(i)}$ for all nonnegative integers $n$.
Note that, since $(j_m\infty-I)^{(1)}=j_m\infty-I$, we deduce for all $n\geq0$:
\begin{align*}
&\L(D_{n+1})\subseteq\L(D_n), &\L(D_{n+1})\subseteq\L(D_n^{(1)}), &&\L(D_n)\cap\L(D_n^{(1)})=\L(D_{n+1}).
\end{align*}
Let's prove that, if $h^0(D_n)\geq1$, then $h^0(D_{n+1})=h^0(D_n)-1$. If this were not the case, since for $k\gg0$ $h^0(D_k)<\deg(D_k)<0$, we could fix the maximum $n$ such that $h^0(D_{n+1})=h^0(D_n)>0$, and we would get the following implications:
\begin{align*}
&\left(\L(D_{n+1}^{(1)})+\L(D_{n+1})\subseteq\L(D_n^{(1)})\right)\Rightarrow\left(\L(D_n)=\L(D_{n+1})=\L(D_{n+1}^{(1)})\right)\\
\Rightarrow&\left(\L(D_{n+1})=\L(D_{n+1})\cap\L(D_{n+1}^{(1)})=\L(D_{n+2})\right)\Rightarrow \left(h^0(D_{n+2})=h^0(D_{n+1})\right),
\end{align*}
contradicting the maximality hypothesis on $n$. In particular, since $h^0(W_m)\geq1$, we have:
\[h^0(W_m)=h^0(D_m)=h^0(D_0)-m=h^0(j_m\infty-I)-m=1.\]
On one hand, $\deg(W_m)=\deg(j_m\infty-\Xi^{(1)}-\dots-\Xi^{(m)}-I)=j_m-m-d$, which is $\leq g$ by Remark \ref{j_m inequality}. On the other hand, by Lemma \ref{Twist and divisors} and Proposition \ref{Div and red commute} we have:
\begin{align*}
&0\sim\Div(\zeta_{I,m})-\Div(\zeta_{I,m})^{(1)}=\Xi^{(1)}-\Xi^{(m+1)}+W_m-W_m^{(1)},\\
&0\sim\Div(\red_u(\zeta_{I,m}))\sim\red_{K_\infty}(\Div(\zeta_{I,m}))=I+\red_{K_\infty}(W_m)-(d+g)\infty;
\end{align*}
so $W_m-W_m^{(1)}\sim \Xi^{(m+1)}-\Xi^{(1)}$, and $\red_{K_\infty}(W_m-g\infty)\sim d\infty-I$. Therefore, for $m\gg0$, $W_m=V_{\bar{I},*,m}$ by Lemma \ref{con}.
\end{proof}
\subsection{The function $\zeta_I$ as an infinite product}
\begin{prop}\label{functions}
In $\O_{K_\infty}\otimes K\subseteq K[[u]]$ there are functions $f'_{\bar{I},*},f'_{\bar{I}}\in 1+uK[[u]]$, with divisors $V_{\bar{I},*}-V_{\bar{I},*}^{(1)}+\Xi-\infty$ and $V_{\bar{I}}^{(1)}-V_{\bar{I}}+\Xi-\infty$, respectively. Moreover, there is a rational function $\delta'_{\bar{I}}\in\O_{K_\infty}\otimes K$, with divisor $V_{\bar{I}}+V_{\bar{I},*}-2g\infty$, such that $\frac{{\delta'_{\bar{I}}}^{(1)}}{\delta'_{\bar{I}}}=\frac{f'_{\bar{I}}}{f'_{\bar{I},*}}$.
\end{prop}
\begin{proof}
From the definition of $V_{\bar{I},*}$, the divisor $V_{\bar{I},*}-V_{\bar{I},*}^{(1)}+\Xi-\infty$ is principal, hence it comes from some $f'_{\bar{I},*}\in{K_\infty}(X)$. Moreover, by Lemma $\ref{Div and red commute}$:
\[\Div(\red_u(f'_{\bar{I},*}))=\red_{K_\infty}(\Div(f'_{\bar{I},*}))=\red_{K_\infty}(V_{\bar{I},*})-\red_{K_\infty}(V_{\bar{I},*})^{(1)}=0,\]
hence $\red_u(f'_{\bar{I},*})\in\mathbb{F}_q$, and WLOG it's equal to 1; up to scalar multiplication, we can assume $f'_{\bar{I},*}=1+O(u)$. The existence of $f'_{\bar{I}}$ can be proven in the same way.
Since $V_{\bar{I}}+V_{\bar{I},*}-2g\infty\sim0$, we can pick $\tilde\delta'_{\bar{I}}\in{K_\infty}\otimes A(\leq2g)$ with that divisor, and up to scalar multiplication we can assume $\tilde\delta'_{\bar{I}}=c_0+O(u)$ for some $c_0\in K$. We get:
\[\Div(\tilde\delta'_{\bar{I}})^{(1)}-\Div(\tilde\delta'_{\bar{I}})=\Div(f'_{\bar{I}})-\Div(f'_{\bar{I},*})\Longrightarrow\frac{\tilde\delta'_{\bar{I}}{}^{(1)}}{\tilde\delta'_{\bar{I}}}=\lambda\frac{f'_{\bar{I}}}{f'_{\bar{I},*}}\]
for some $\lambda\in{K_\infty}$; moreover, by considering the expansion in $K((u))$, $\lambda=1+O(u)$, hence it admits a $q-1$-th root $\mu\in\O_{K_\infty}$. If we set $\delta'_{\bar{I}}:=\mu\tilde\delta'_{\bar{I}}$ we obtain the desired equation.
\end{proof}
\begin{oss}
The choices of $f'_{\bar{I}},f'_{\bar{I},*},\delta'_{\bar{I}}$ are not unique.
\end{oss}
\begin{teo}[Partial version]\label{functional identity}
The infinite product $(a_I^{-1}\otimes a_I)\prod_{i\geq1}{f'_{\bar{I},*}}^{(i)}$ exists in $\O_{K_\infty}\hat\otimes K$ and is equal, up to a factor $\lambda\otimes1\in^*\O_{K_\infty}\otimes\mathbb{F}_q$, to $\zeta_I$. We can also write:
\[\zeta_I=-(a_I^{-1}\otimes a_I)\prod_{i\geq0}\left((\lambda\otimes1)^{1-q}f'_{\bar{I},*}{}^{(1)}\right)^{(i)}.\]
\end{teo}
\begin{proof}
Let's immerse $\O_{K_\infty}\hat\otimes K$ into $K[[u]]$. By Proposition \ref{functions}, $f'_{\bar{I},*}=1+O(u)$, hence ${f'_{\bar{I},*}}^{(i)}=1+O(u^{q^i})$ for all $i\geq0$, and the convergence of the infinite product is obvious. For all $m\geq0$:
\[\red_u(\zeta_{I,m})=\sum_{\mu\in\mathbb{F}_q^\times}(\mu a_I)^{-1}\otimes(\mu a_I)=-a_I^{-1}\otimes a_I.\]
In particular, by Proposition \ref{Div and red commute}, for $m\gg0$ we have:
\[\Div(1\otimes a_I)=\Div(\red_u(\zeta_{I,m}))=\red_{K_\infty}(\Div(\zeta_{I,m}))=I+\red_{K_\infty}(V_{\bar{I},*,m})-(g+d)\infty;\]
since $\red_{K_\infty}:X^{(g)}({K_\infty})\to X^{(g)}(\mathbb{F}_q)$ is a continuous map, and the sequence $(V_{\bar{I},*,m})_m$ converges to $V_{\bar{I},*}$ in $X^{(g)}({K_\infty})$ by Lemma \ref{V_{I,m}}, the equality passes to the limit:
\[\red_{K_\infty}(V_{\bar{I},*})=\Div(1\otimes a_I)+(g+d)\infty-I.\]
Define the rational function $\alpha_m:={\delta'_{\bar{I}}}^{(1)}\frac{\zeta_{I,m}}{{f'_{\bar{I},*}}^{(1)}\cdots {f'_{\bar{I},*}}^{(m)}}$ for $m\gg0$ and look at its divisor:
\[\Div(\alpha_m)=I+V_{\bar{I},*}^{(m+1)}+V_{\bar{I},*,m}+V_{\bar{I}}^{(1)}-(3g+d)\infty\Longrightarrow \alpha_m\in{K_\infty}\otimes A(\leq3g+d).\]
By Lemma \ref{V_{I,m}}, the sequence $(\Div(\alpha_m)+(3g+d)\infty)_m$ converges to
\[I+\red_{K_\infty}(V_{\bar{I},*})+V_{\bar{I},*}^{(1)}+V_{\bar{I}}^{(1)}=(\Div(1\otimes a_I)+(g+d)\infty)+(\Div({\delta'_{\bar{I}}}^{(1)})+2g\infty)\]
in $X^{(3g+d)}({K_\infty})$. Moreover, since $(\alpha_m)_m$ converges in $K((u))$ to ${\delta'_{\bar{I}}}^{(1)}\zeta_I\left(\prod_{i\geq1}{f'_{\bar{I},*}}^{(i)}\right)^{-1}$, by Lemma \ref{K((u))}.2 the latter is an element of ${K_\infty}\otimes A(\leq3g+d)$. By Proposition \ref{convergence of functions and divisors}, we have:
\[\Div\left({\delta'_{\bar{I}}}^{(1)}\frac{\zeta_I}{\prod_{i\geq1}{f'_{\bar{I},*}}^{(i)}}\right)=\Div(\lim_m\alpha_m)=\lim_m\Div(\alpha_m)=\Div(1\otimes a_I)+\Div(\delta_{\bar{I}}'^{(1)}).\]
In particular, there is some $\lambda\in {K_\infty}$ (a fortiori in $\O_{K_\infty}$) such that:
\[\zeta_I=(\lambda\otimes1)(a_I^{-1}\otimes a_I)\prod_{i\geq1}{f'_{\bar{I},*}}^{(i)}.\]
As elements of $K((u))$, $\zeta_I(a_I\otimes a_I^{-1})=-1+O(u)$, and ${f'_{\bar{I},*}}^{(i)}=1+O(u)$ for all $i\geq0$, hence $\lambda\otimes1=-1+u\mathbb{F}_q[[u]]\subseteq\mathbb{F}_q((u))$. In particular, the infinite product $\prod_{i\geq0}(\lambda^{1-q}\otimes1)^{q^i}$ converges in $\mathbb{F}_q[[u]]$ to $-\lambda\otimes1$, so we deduce the following rearrangement:
\[\zeta_I=-(a_I^{-1}\otimes a_I)\prod_{i\geq0}\left((\lambda^{1-q}\otimes1)f'_{\bar{I},*}{}^{(1)}\right)^{(i)}.\tag*{\qedhere}\]
\end{proof}
\begin{Def}\label{def f, f_*, delta}
Define the functions $f_{\bar{I}},f_{\bar{I},*},\delta_{\bar{I}}$ respectively as the unique scalar multiples of the functions $f'_{\bar{I}}.f'_{\bar{I},*},\delta'_{\bar{I}}$ such that $\sgn(f_{\bar{I}})=\sgn(f_{\bar{I},*})=\sgn(\delta_{\bar{I}})=1$.
We call $\{f_{\bar{I}}\}_{\bar{I}\in Cl(A)}$ the \textit{shtuka functions} and $\{f_{\bar{I},*}\}_{\bar{I}\in Cl(A)}$ the \textit{dual shtuka functions}.
\end{Def}
\begin{oss}\label{delta}
We have the equality $\frac{\delta_{\bar{I}}^{(1)}}{\delta_{\bar{I}}}=\frac{f_{\bar{I}}}{f_{\bar{I},*}}$, since both sides have the same divisor and the same sign.
\end{oss}
\begin{oss}\label{Hayes2}
The functions $\{f_{\bar{I}}\}_{\bar{I}\in Cl(A)},\{f_{\bar{I},*}\}_{\bar{I}\in Cl(A)},\{\delta_{\bar{I}}\}_{\bar{I}\in Cl(A)}$ all have sign equal to $1$, and their divisors are all $H$-rational by Remark \ref{Hayes}, so all these functions are in $\Q(H\otimes A)$.
From Remark \ref{Hayes} we also know that, for all $\bar{I}\in Cl(A),\sigma\in G(H/K)\cong Cl(A)$:
\[\Div(f_{\bar{I}}^\sigma)=\Div(f_{\bar{I}})^\sigma=\left(V_{\bar{I}}^{(1)}\right)^\sigma-V_{\bar{I}}^\sigma+\Xi-\infty=V_{\bar{I}^\sigma}^{(1)}-V_{\bar{I}^\sigma}+\Xi-\infty=\Div(f_{\bar{I}^\sigma}),\]
and since both function have sign equal to $1$ we get $f_{\bar{I}}^\sigma=f_{\bar{I}^\sigma}$. Similarly, $f_{\bar{I},*}^\sigma=f_{\bar{I}^\sigma,*}$ and $\delta_{\bar{I}}^\sigma=\delta_{\bar{I}^\sigma}$.
\end{oss}
\begin{cor}\label{gamma_I}
There is $\gamma_I\in {\mathbb{C}_\infty}$, unique up to a factor in $\mathbb{F}_q^\times$, such that $\frac{((\gamma_I\otimes1)\zeta_I)^{(-1)}}{(\gamma_I\otimes1)\zeta_I}=f_{\bar{I},*}$.
\end{cor}
\section{The module of special functions}\label{section special functions}
Fix an ideal $I\unlhd A$. By the \textit{shtuka correspondence} (see \cite{Goss}[Section 6.2]), we can associate a Drinfeld-Hayes module $\phi$ to the shtuka function $f_{\bar{I}}$. In this section, we use Theorem \ref{functional identity} (in its partial version) to describe somewhat explicitly the module of special functions relative to $\phi$.
Let's quickly review the notion of special function.
\begin{Def}[Special functions]
Set $\mathbb{T}:={\mathbb{C}_\infty}\hat\otimes A$. The set of special functions relative to a shtuka function $f_{\bar{I}}$ is defined as $\Sf_{\bar{I}}:=\{\omega\in\mathbb{T}|\omega^{(1)}=f_{\bar{I}}\omega\}$.
\end{Def}
\begin{oss}
As proven by Anglès, Ngo Dac, and Tavares Ribeiro (see \cite{ANDTR}[Lemma 3.6] and \cite{ANDTR}[Rmk. 3.10]), for all $\omega\in\mathbb{T}$:
\[\omega\in\Sf_{\bar{I}}\Longleftrightarrow\forall a\in A\;\phi_a(\omega)=(a\otimes1)\omega.\]
\end{oss}
Set $\zeta:=(\gamma_I\otimes1)\zeta_I$, with $\gamma_I$ defined as in Corollary \ref{gamma_I}, so that $\zeta^{(-1)}=f_*\zeta$.
\begin{teo}[Partial version]\label{Sf_I}
The $A$-module $\Sf_{\bar{I}}$ coincides with $(\mathbb{F}_q\otimes I)\frac{\delta_{\bar{I}}}{\zeta^{(-1)}}$.
\end{teo}
\begin{oss}
We refer the reader to the article \cite{Gazda} from Gazda and Maurischat, where they described the isomorphism class of the module of special functions in relation to the period lattice, in the wider generality of Anderson modules (\cite{Gazda}[Thm. 3.11]).
\end{oss}
Before the proof of Theorem \ref{Sf_I}, let's state some preliminary results.
\begin{oss}
By Lemma \ref{K((u))}.4, we know that ${K_\infty}\hat\otimes A\cong A[[u]][u^{-1}]$. A rational function over $X_{K_\infty}$ is in $\mathbb{T}$ if and only if it's contained in $A[[u]][u^{-1}]$, which from Corollary \ref{A[[u]][u^{-1}]} happens if and only if its poles all reduce to $\infty$.
\end{oss}
\begin{lemma}\label{fixed points of the twist}
The subset of ${\mathbb{C}_\infty}\hat\otimes K$ fixed by the Frobenius twist is $\mathbb{F}_q\otimes K$.
\end{lemma}
\begin{proof}
Fix an $\mathbb{F}_q$-basis $\{b_i\}_i$ of $K$: any element $c\in{\mathbb{C}_\infty}\hat\otimes K$ can be written in a unique way as a possibly infinite sum $\sum_i a_i\otimes b_i$, with $a_i\in{\mathbb{C}_\infty}$ for all $i$. If $c=c^{(1)}$, we need to have for all $i$ the equality $a_i^q=a_i$, hence $a_i\in\mathbb{F}_q$ for all $i$.
\end{proof}
\begin{proof}[Proof of Theorem \ref{Sf_I}]
First, let's show that $(\mathbb{F}_q\otimes K)\Sf_{\bar{I}}=(\mathbb{F}_q\otimes K)\frac{\delta_{\bar{I}}}{\zeta^{(-1)}}$. Pick any $\omega\in \Sf_{\bar{I}}$; since $\omega^{(1)}=f_{\bar{I}}\omega$, $\delta_{\bar{I}}^{(1)}=\frac{f_{\bar{I}}}{f_{\bar{I},*}}\delta_{\bar{I}}$, and $\zeta=\frac{1}{f_{\bar{I},*}}\zeta^{(-1)}$, we have:
\[\left(\frac{\omega\zeta^{(-1)}}{\delta_{\bar{I}}}\right)^{(1)}=\frac{\omega^{(1)}\zeta}{\delta_{\bar{I}}^{(1)}}=\frac{(f_{\bar{I}}\omega)(f_{\bar{I},*}^{-1}\zeta^{(-1)})}{f_{\bar{I}}f_{\bar{I},*}^{-1}\delta_{\bar{I}}}=\frac{\omega\zeta^{(-1)}}{\delta_{\bar{I}}},\]
hence $\frac{\omega\zeta^{(-1)}}{\delta_{\bar{I}}}\in \mathbb{F}_q\otimes K$ by Lemma \ref{fixed points of the twist}, or equivalently $(\mathbb{F}_q\otimes K)\omega=(\mathbb{F}_q\otimes K)\frac{\delta_{\bar{I}}}{\zeta^{(-1)}}$.
We can twist everything and multiply by $\gamma_I\otimes1$ without loss of generality: the thesis is now that $(1\otimes\lambda)\frac{\delta_{\bar{I}}^{(1)}}{\zeta_I}\in A[[u]][u^{-1}]$ if and only if $\lambda\in I$.
Suppose $\lambda\in I$, and consider the sequence $\left((1\otimes\lambda)\frac{\delta_{I,m}^{(1)}}{\zeta_{I,m}}\right)_m$ in $K((u))$, whose limit is $(1\otimes\lambda)\frac{\delta_{\bar{I}}^{(1)}}{\zeta_I}$. The divisor of the $m$-th element of the sequence (for $m\gg0$) is
\[V_{\bar{I},m}^{(1)}-(\Xi^{(1)}+\dots+\Xi^{(m)})-I+(m+d-g)\infty+\Div(1\otimes\lambda);\] since $\lambda\in I$, the only poles of the function reduce to $\infty$, hence $(1\otimes\lambda)\frac{\delta_{I,m}^{(1)}}{\zeta_{I,m}}\in A[[u]][u^{-1}]$ by Corollary \ref{A[[u]][u^{-1}]}, and so does the limit.
Vice versa, suppose $(1\otimes\lambda)\frac{\delta_{\bar{I}}^{(1)}}{\zeta_I}\in A[[u]][u^{-1}]$. Since the coefficients of $(1\otimes\lambda^{-1})\zeta_I\in K((u))$ are all contained in $\lambda^{-1}I$, $\delta_{\bar{I}}^{(1)}=\left((1\otimes\lambda)\frac{\delta_{\bar{I}}^{(1)}}{\zeta_I}\right)\left((1\otimes\lambda^{-1})\zeta_I\right)$ has all coefficients in $\lambda^{-1}I$, so the same is true for $\delta_{\bar{I}}$. If by contradiction $\lambda\not\in I$, there is a prime ideal $P\unlhd A$ which divides the fractional ideal $\lambda^{-1}I$, hence all the coefficients of $\delta_{\bar{I}}$ are in $A\cap\lambda^{-1}I\subseteq P$, which by Corollary \ref{cor conv eval Tate} means that $P$ is a zero of $\delta_{\bar{I}}$. Since $P\in X(\mathbb{F}_q^{ac})$ and $\Div(\delta_{\bar{I}})=V_{\bar{I}}+V_{\bar{I},*}-2g\infty$, this is a contradiction because, by Corollary \ref{V}, neither $V_{\bar{I}}$ or $V_{\bar{I},*}$ have $\mathbb{F}_q^{ac}$-rational points in their support.
\end{proof}
To end this section, let's include an analogous result to Theorem \ref{functional identity} for special functions.
\begin{teo}\label{omega infinite product}
There is some $\alpha\in K_\infty^\times$ such that the following element of ${K_\infty}\hat\otimes K$ is well defined:
\[\omega:=(\alpha\otimes1)^\frac{1}{q-1}\prod_{i\geq0}\left(\frac{\alpha\otimes1}{f_{\bar{I}}}\right)^{(i)}.\]
Moreover, $\omega\in(\mathbb{F}_q\otimes K)\Sf_{\bar{I}}$, and $\omega$ does not depend on the choice of $\alpha$.
\end{teo}
\begin{proof}
Take $\alpha,\beta\in K_\infty^\times$ such that the following elements of ${K_\infty}\hat\otimes K\cong K((u))$ are well defined:
\begin{align*}
&\omega(\alpha):=(\alpha\otimes1)^\frac{1}{q-1}\prod_{i\geq0}\left(\frac{\alpha\otimes1}{f_{\bar{I}}}\right)^{(i)},
&\omega(\beta):=(\beta\otimes1)^\frac{1}{q-1}\prod_{i\geq0}\left(\frac{\beta\otimes1}{f_{\bar{I}}}\right)^{(i)}.
\end{align*}
The infinite products converge only if $\frac{\alpha\otimes1}{f_{\bar{I}}},\frac{\beta\otimes1}{f_{\bar{I}}}=1+O(u)$ in $K((u))$; in particular, we have $\gamma:=\alpha\beta^{-1}=1+O(u)$ in $\mathbb{F}_q[[u]]$, therefore:
\[\omega(\alpha):=(\gamma\beta\otimes1)^\frac{1}{q-1}\prod_{i\geq0}\left(\frac{\gamma\beta\otimes1}{f_{\bar{I}}}\right)^{(i)}=\omega(\beta)(\gamma\otimes1)^\frac{1}{q-1}\prod_{i\geq0}(\gamma^{q^i}\otimes1)=\omega(\beta),\]
and this proves the uniqueness of $\omega:=\omega(\alpha)$. On the other hand by Proposition \ref{functions}, we can choose $f'_{\bar{I}}\in\O_{K_\infty}\hat\otimes K$ and $\alpha\in {K_\infty}\otimes\mathbb{F}_q$ such that $f'_{\bar{I}}=1+O(u)$ and $f_{\bar{I}}=(\alpha\otimes1) f'_{\bar{I}}$. Finally, we have:
\[\frac{\omega^{(1)}}{\omega}=\left((\alpha\otimes1)^\frac{1}{q-1}\right)^q\prod_{i\geq0}\left(\frac{\alpha\otimes1}{f_{\bar{I}}}\right)^{(i+1)}\left((\alpha\otimes1)^\frac{1}{q-1}\prod_{i\geq0}\left(\frac{\alpha\otimes1}{f_{\bar{I}}}\right)^{(i)}\right)^{-1}=(\alpha\otimes 1)\frac{f_{\bar{I}}}{\alpha\otimes1}=f_{\bar{I}},\]
so $\omega\in(\mathbb{F}_q\otimes K)\Sf_{\bar{I}}$ by the same considerations expressed in the proof of Theorem \ref{Sf_I}.
\end{proof}
\section{Relation between zeta functions and period lattices}\label{section duality}
The aim of this section is to compute more explicitly the constant $\gamma_I$ defined in Corollary \ref{gamma_I}. To do so, we first study more in depth the zeta function $\zeta_I$ and its coefficients as a series in $K[[u]]$; afterwards, we draw a correspondence between the dual shtuka function $f_{I,*}$ and a certain Drinfeld-Hayes module $\phi$, obtaining the following result.
\begin{customprop}{\ref{Lambda=I}}
The period lattice of $\phi$ is $\gamma_I^{-1}I\subseteq{\mathbb{C}_\infty}$.
\end{customprop}
Finally, we state a complete version of Theorem \ref{Sf_I} - which generalizes \cite{Green}[Thm. 7.1] - and Theorem \ref{functional identity}.
\subsection{Evaluations of the zeta function}
The aim of this subsection, expressed in the following proposition, is to show that there is a well behaved notion of evaluation for the Pellarin zeta function $\zeta_I$ at any point $P\in X({\mathbb{C}_\infty})\setminus\{0\}$.
From now on, for any series $s\in K[[u^\frac{1}{q^n}]][u^{-1}]$ for some $n$, we denote by $s_{(i)}$ the coefficient of $u^i$. We can extend the valuation $v$: we denote $v(s)$ the least element in $\frac{1}{q^n}\mathbb{Z}$ such that $s_{(v(s))}\neq0$.
\begin{prop}\label{conv eval zeta}
For all points $P\in X({\mathbb{C}_\infty})\setminus\{\infty\}$, corresponding to maps $\chi_P:A\to{\mathbb{C}_\infty}$, the sequence $(\zeta_{I,m}(P))_m$ and the series $\sum_{i\geq0}\chi_P\left((\zeta_I)_{(i)}\right)u^i$ converge to the same element of ${\mathbb{C}_\infty}$.
\end{prop}
To prove the proposition, we first need some results on the coefficients $\left((\zeta_I)_{(i)}\right)_i$.
\begin{lemma}\label{(zeta_{I,m})_{(i)}}
For all integers $i\geq0$, we have $\deg((\zeta_{I,m})_{(i)})\leq\log_q(i+1)+g+\deg(I)+1$ for $m\geq0$.
\end{lemma}
\begin{proof}
Recall the definition of $j_m$, and that $m+\deg(I)+1\leq j_m\leq m+g+\deg(I)$, from Remark \ref{j_m inequality}. The coefficients of $\zeta_{I,0}$ have degree $j_0\leq g+\deg(I)$, so the lemma holds for $m=0$. Since $v(\zeta_{I,m})=j_0$ for all $m\geq0$, the coefficient $(\zeta_{I,m})_{(0)}$, is nonzero if and only if $I=A$; in that case, it's equal to $\sum_{a\in\mathbb{F}_q^\times}a^{-1}\otimes a=-1$, and its valuation is $0$, so the lemma also holds for $i=0$. Let's prove the lemma for $i\geq1$, $m\geq1$.
We claim that it suffices to prove the following inequality, for all $m\geq1$:
\[v\left(\sum_{a\in I(j_m)}a^{-1}\otimes a\right)=v(\zeta_{I,m}-\zeta_{I,m-1})\geq q^{m-1}.\]
If the inequality is true for $m\geq1$, fix $i>0$, and set $n:=\lfloor\log_q(i)\rfloor+1$, so that $q^{n-1}\leq i<q^n$; then, for $m\geq n$:
\[\deg((\zeta_{I,m})_{(i)})=\deg\left(\left(\sum_{k=0}^m\zeta_{I,k}-\zeta_{I,k-1}\right)_{(i)}\right)=\deg\left(\left(\sum_{k=0}^n\zeta_{I,k}-\zeta_{I,k-1}\right)_{(i)}\right)\leq j_n,\]
which is at most $n+g+\deg(I)=\lfloor\log_q(i)\rfloor+g+\deg(I)+1\leq\log_q(i+1)+g+\deg(I)+1$.
For $m\geq1$, $\zeta_{I,m}(\Xi)-\zeta_{I,m-1}(\Xi)=1-1=0$. By Proposition \ref{divisor of zeta_{I,m}}, on one hand, $\zeta_{I,m}-\zeta_{I,m-1}$ has only one pole, of degree at most $j_m$, at $\infty$, and has $I$ and $\Xi^{(1)},\dots,\Xi^{(m-1)}$ among its zeroes; on the other hand,
\[h^0(W_m)=h^0(j_m\infty-I-\Xi-\cdots-\Xi^{(m-1)})=h^0(j_m\infty-I-\Xi^{(1)}-\cdots-\Xi^{(m)})=1,\]
hence the remaining set of zeroes is $W_m^{(-1)}$, and $\zeta_{I,m}-\zeta_{I,m-1}$ is a scalar multiple of $\zeta_{I,m}^{(-1)}$.
If we fix $b\in I(j_m)$ with $\sgn(b)=1$, we get the following:
\begin{align*}
\left((\zeta_{I,m}-\zeta_{I,m-1})(\Xi^{(-1)})\right)^q&=\sum_{a\in I(j_m)}a^{1-q}=-\sum_{\substack{a\in I(j_m)\\\sgn(a)=1}}a^{1-q}=-\sum_{c\in I(<j_m)}(b+c)^{1-q}\\
&=-b^{1-q}\sum_{c\in I(<j_m)}\sum_{i\geq0}\binom{1-q}{i}\frac{c^i}{b^i}=-b^{1-q}\sum_{i\geq0}b^{-i}\binom{1-q}{i}\sum_{c\in I(<j_m)}c^i.
\end{align*}
On the other hand, by Lemma \ref{Goss}, we have:
\[\sum_{c\in I(<j_m)}c^i=0,\;\;\;\forall i<q^{\dim(I(<j_m))}-1=q^m-1.\]
As elements of $\O_{K_\infty}\cong\mathbb{F}_q[[u]]\subseteq K[[u]]$, $v\left(\frac{c}{b}\right)\geq1$ for all $c\in I(<j_m)$, and $v(b^{-1})=j_m$, so we get:
\begin{align*}
q\cdot v\left((\zeta_{I,m}-\zeta_{I,m-1})(\Xi^{(-1)})\right)&=(1-q)v(b)+v\left(\sum_{i\geq q^m-1}\binom{1-q}{i}\sum_{c\in I(<j_m)}\left(\frac{c}{b}\right)^i\right)\\
&\geq (1-q)v(b)+\min_{\substack{c\in I(<j_m)\\i\geq q^m-1}}\left\{i\cdot v\left(\frac{c}{b}\right)\right\}\geq j_m(q-1)+q^m-1.
\end{align*}
Since $\left(\zeta_{I,m}^{(-1)}\right)(\Xi^{(-1)})=\left(\zeta_{I,m}(\Xi)\right)^\frac{1}{q}=-1$, we get:
\[\sum_{a\in I(j_m)}a^{-1}\otimes a=\zeta_{I,m}-\zeta_{I,m-1}=-\zeta_{I,m}^{(-1)}\cdot(\zeta_{I,m}-\zeta_{I,m-1})(\Xi^{(-1)}).\]
Its valuation, since $\zeta_{I,m}^{(-1)}\in K[[u^\frac{1}{q}]]$, is at least $j_m\frac{q-1}{q}+q^{m-1}-\frac{1}{q}\geq q^{m-1}$, for $m\geq1$.
\end{proof}
\begin{cor}\label{coefficients of zetas}
For all $k\geq 0$, for all $i\in\frac{1}{q^k}\mathbb{N}$, $\deg((\zeta_I^{(-k)})_{(i)})\leq\log_q(i+1)+k+g+\deg(I)+1$. For all points $P\in X({\mathbb{C}_\infty})\setminus\{\infty\}$, corresponding to maps $\chi_P:A\to{\mathbb{C}_\infty}$, for all $k\geq0$, the following series converges:
\[\sum_{i\geq0}\chi_P\left((\zeta_I^{(-k)})_{(i)}\right)u^i.\]
\end{cor}
First, a simple lemma.
\begin{lemma}\label{k_P}
Fix a point $P\in X({\mathbb{C}_\infty})\setminus\{\infty\}$, corresponding to map $\chi_P:A\to{\mathbb{C}_\infty}$. There is a positive real constant $k_P$ such that $v(\chi_P(a))\geq -k_P\deg(a)$ for all $a\in A$.
\end{lemma}
\begin{proof}
We can pick a finite set $\{a_1,\dots,a_n\}$ such that for all $a\in A\setminus\mathbb{F}_q$ there is a product $a'$ of $a_i$'s with $\deg(a')=\deg(a)$. Let's define $k_P:=\max\left\{\frac{-v(\chi_P(a_i))}{\deg(a_i)}\right\}_i$, so that $v(\chi_P(a_i))\geq -k_P\deg(a_i)$ for all $i$. We prove the lemma by induction on $\deg(a)$.
If $\deg(a)=0$ the claim is trivially true. If $\deg(a)>0$ there is a product $a':=\lambda\prod_i a_i^{e_i}$, with $\lambda\in\mathbb{F}_q$, of the same degree and sign, hence $\deg(a-a')<\deg(a)$. We have:
\begin{align*}
&v(\chi_P(a-a'))\geq -k_P\deg(a-a')>-k_P\deg(a),\text{ by inductive hypothesis;}\\
&v(\chi_P(a'))=\sum_i e_i\cdot v(\chi_P(a_i))\geq-\sum_i k_P e_i\cdot\deg(a_i)=-k_P\deg(a')=-k_P\deg(a).
\end{align*}
Hence, $v(\chi_P(a))\geq\min\{v(\chi_P(a')),v(\chi_P(a-a'))\}\geq-k_P\deg(a)$.
\end{proof}
\begin{proof}[Proof of Corollary \ref{coefficients of zetas}]
The first part of the statement for $k=0$ follows from the inequality of Lemma \ref{(zeta_{I,m})_{(i)}}, using the fact that for all $i$ the sequence $((\zeta_{I,m})_{(i)})_m$ is eventually equal to $(\zeta_I)_{(i)}$. For $k>0$ and $i\in\frac{1}{q^k}\mathbb{N}$, we get:
\[\deg\left((\zeta_I^{(-k)})_{(i)}\right)=\deg\left((\zeta_I)_{(iq^k)}\right)\leq\log_q(iq^k+1)+g+\deg(I)+1\leq\log_q(i+1)+k+g+\deg(I)+1.\]
Let's define $k_P$ as in Lemma \ref{k_P}. Then, for all $i>0$ we have:
\[v\left(\chi_P\left((\zeta_I^{(-k)})_{(i)}\right)u^i\right)\geq-k_P\deg\left((\zeta_I^{(-k)})_{(i)}\right)+i\geq i-k_P\log_q(i+1)-k_P(k+g+\deg(I)+1),\]
which tends to infinity as $i$ tends to infinity, proving the convergence of $\sum_{i\geq0}\chi_P\left((\zeta_I^{(-k)})_{(i)}\right)u^i$.
\end{proof}
Finally we can prove Proposition \ref{conv eval zeta}.
\begin{proof}[Proof of Proposition \ref{conv eval zeta}]
Define $k_P$ as in Lemma \ref{k_P}. For $m\geq0$, by Lemma \ref{(zeta_{I,m})_{(i)}} we have:
\[v(\zeta_I-\zeta_{I,m})=v\left(\sum_{m'\geq m}\zeta_{I,m'+1}-\zeta_{I,m'}\right)\geq\min_{m'\geq m}v\left(\zeta_{I,m'+1}-\zeta_{I,m'}\right)\geq q^m.\]
For all $i\geq q^m$, by Corollary \ref{coefficients of zetas}, we have:
\begin{align*}
\deg\left((\zeta_I-\zeta_{I,m})_{(i)}\right)&\leq\max\left\{\deg\left((\zeta_I)_{(i)}\right),\deg\left((\zeta_{I,m})_{(i)}\right)\right\}\\
&\leq\max\{\log_q(i+1)+g+\deg(I)+1,j_m\}=\log_q(i+1)+g+\deg(I)+1,
\end{align*}
since $j_m\leq m+g+\deg(I)+1$ and $m\leq\log_q(i+1)$. In particular:
\begin{align*}
v\left(\sum_i \chi_P\left((\zeta_I-\zeta_{I,m})_{(i)}\right)u^i\right)&=v\left(\sum_{i\geq q^m}\chi_P\left((\zeta_I-\zeta_{I,m})_{(i)}\right)u^i\right)\\
&\geq\min_{i\geq q^m}\left\{i-k_P\cdot\deg\left((\zeta_I-\zeta_{I,m})_{(i)}\right)\right\}\\
&\geq\min_{i\geq q^m}\left\{i-k_P(\log_q(i+1)+g+\deg(I)+1)\right\},
\end{align*}
which tends to infinity as $m$ tends to infinity. By Proposition \ref{conv eval entire rational}, $\zeta_{I,m}(P)=\sum_i \chi_P\left((\zeta_{I,m})_{(i)}\right)u^i$, hence we get that
\[\lim_m \zeta_{I,m}(P)-\sum_{i\geq0}\chi_P\left((\zeta_I)_{(i)}\right)u^i=\lim_m\left(\sum_i \chi_P\left((\zeta_{I,m}-\zeta)_{(i)}\right)u^i\right)=0.\tag*{\qedhere}\]
\end{proof}
\begin{Def}\label{evaluating zetas}
We define the evaluation of $\zeta_I$ at $P$ as $\zeta_I(P):=\sum_i (\zeta_I)_{(i)}(P)u^i$.
\end{Def}
\begin{cor}\label{zeta zero}
For all $i\geq 1$, we have $\zeta_I(\Xi^{(i)})=0$. Similarly, for all $k\geq0$, for all $i\geq1$, $\sum_j\chi_{\Xi^{(i-k)}}((\zeta_I^{(-k)})_{(j)})u^j=0$ (where $j$ varies among $\frac{1}{q^k}\mathbb{N}$).
\end{cor}
\begin{proof}
For the first identity we use that, for all $i\geq1$, $\zeta_{I,m}(\Xi^{(i)})=0$ for $m\gg0$. For the second identity, note that
\[\left(\sum_{j\in\frac{1}{q^k}\mathbb{N}}\chi_{\Xi^{(i-k)}}((\zeta_I^{(-k)})_{(j)})u^j\right)^{q^k}=\sum_{j\in\mathbb{N}}\chi_{\Xi}^{(i)}((\zeta_I)_{(j)})u^j=0.\tag*{\qedhere}\]
\end{proof}
\subsection{Dual Drinfeld modules and dual shtuka functions}
From now on, in this section we use the following notations: $V_*:=V_{\bar{I},*}$, $f_*:=f_{\bar{I},*}$, $\zeta:=(\gamma_I\otimes1)\zeta_I$, with $\gamma_I$ defined as in Corollary \ref{gamma_I}, so that $\zeta^{(-1)}=f_*\zeta$.
The following proposition shows a connection between dual Drinfeld modules, dual shtuka functions, and zeta functions, which is meant to mirror the correspondence between Drinfeld modules, shtuka functions, and special functions (see for example \cite{Thakur}[Eq.($**$)]).
\begin{prop}\label{dual Drinfeld module}
Set $e_d:=\prod_{i=0}^{d-1}f_*^{(-i)}$ for all nonnegative integers $d$. The collection $\{e_d\}_{d\geq0}$ is a basis of the ${\mathbb{C}_\infty}\otimes1$-vector space $\O(V_*^{(1)}):=\bigcup_{d\geq0}\mathcal{L}(V_*^{(1)}+d\infty)$.
For all $a\in A$ we have the equality $1\otimes a=\sum_{i=0}^{\deg(a)}(a_i\otimes1)e_i$ with $a_i^{q^i}\in {K_\infty}$, and the function $\phi^*:A\to {\mathbb{C}_\infty}\{\tau^{-1}\}$ sending $a$ to $\sum_i a_i\tau^{-i}$ is the dual of a Drinfeld-Hayes module $\phi$.
Finally, for all $a,b\in A$, $\phi^*_{ab}(\zeta)=(\phi^*_a\circ\phi^*_b)(\zeta)$.
\end{prop}
\begin{proof}
For the first part, we just need to prove that, for all $d\geq0$, $e_d\in\mathcal{L}(V_*^{(1)})$ and it has a pole of multiplicity exactly $d$ at $\infty$; using that $\Div(f_*^{(-i)})=V_*^{(-i)}-V_*^{(1-i)}+\Xi^{(-i)}-\infty$, we get:
\[\Div(e_d)=\Div\left(\prod_{i=0}^{d-1}f_*^{(-i)}\right)=V_*^{(1-d)}-V_*^{(1)}+\sum_{i=0}^{d-1}\Xi^{(-i)}-d\infty.\]
If we fix $a\in A$ of degree $d$, $1\otimes a\in\L(V_*^{(1)}+d\infty)$, hence it can be written as $\sum_{i=0}^d (a_i\otimes1)e_i$. Moreover, if we twist $k$ times and evaluate at $\Xi$ for all $0\leq k\leq d$ we get the following triangular system of equations in the variables $(a_i)_i$: \[\left\{a=\sum_{i=0}^k\left(a_i^{q^k}\prod_{j=k-i}^k f_*^{(j)}(\Xi)\right)\right\}_k\Longrightarrow\left\{a_k^{q^k}=\left(\prod_{j=0}^k f_*^{(j)}(\Xi)\right)^{-1}\left(a-\sum_{i=0}^{k-1}a_i^{q^k}\prod_{j=k-i}^k f_*^{(j)}(\Xi)\right)\right\}_k.\]
From this system we can deduce that $a_0=a$ and, since $f_*^{(j)}(\Xi)\in {K_\infty}$ for all $j\geq0$, that $a_k^{q^k}\in {K_\infty}$ for all $k$. Finally, since $\deg(a)=\deg(e_d)$, and for all $i\geq0$ $\sgn(f_*^{(i)})=\sgn(f_*)=1$, we have:
\[\sgn(a)=\sgn\left(\sum_{i=0}^d (a_i^{q^d}\otimes1)e_i^{(d)}\right)=\sgn((a_d^{q^d}\otimes1)e_d^{(d)})=a_d^{q^d}\sgn(e_d^{(d)})=a_d^{q^d}\sgn\left(\prod_{i=1}^{d}f_*^{(i)}\right)=a_d^{q^d},\]
so $a_d=\sgn(a)$. For all $a\in A$, write $\phi^*_a:=\sum_i a_i\tau^{-i}$. Since for all $k\geq 0$ and for all $a\in A$ we have $\zeta e_k=\zeta^{(-k)}$ and $1\otimes a=(1\otimes a)^{(-k)}=\sum_i (a_i^\frac{1}{q^k}\otimes 1)e_i^{(-k)}$, we get the following equations for all $k\geq0$ and $a,b\in A$:
\begin{align*}
(1\otimes a)\zeta^{(-k)}&=\sum_i (a_i^\frac{1}{q^k}\otimes 1)(e_i\zeta)^{(-k)}=\sum_i (a_i^\frac{1}{q^k}\otimes 1)\zeta^{(-k-i)}=\tau^{-k}\circ\phi_a^*(\zeta);\\
\phi_{ab}^*(\zeta)&=(1\otimes ab)\zeta=(1\otimes a)\left((1\otimes b)\zeta\right)=\sum_i(1\otimes a)\left((b_i\otimes 1)\zeta^{(-i)}\right)\\
&=\sum_i(b_i\otimes 1)\left((1\otimes a)\zeta^{(-i)}\right)=\sum_i(b_i\otimes 1)\left(\tau^{-i}\circ\phi_a^*(\zeta)\right)=\left(\phi_b^*\circ\phi_a^*\right)(\zeta).
\end{align*}
Since the elements $(\zeta^{(-i)})_{i\geq0}=(\zeta e_i)_{i\geq0}$ are all ${\mathbb{C}_\infty}\otimes1$-linearly independent, we have the equality $\phi_{ab}^*=\phi_b^*\circ\phi_a^*$. Together with the fact that $\deg(\phi^*_a)=\deg(a)$ and $a_{\deg(a)}=\sgn(a)$, this means that the function $\phi:=(\phi^*)^*:A\to {K_\infty}\{\tau\}$ is a Drinfeld-Hayes module.
\end{proof}
From this point onwards, $\phi$ and $\phi^*$ are defined as in Proposition \ref{dual Drinfeld module}.
\begin{Def}\label{definition Lambda'}
We call $\Lambda'\subseteq{\mathbb{C}_\infty}$ the unique rank $1$ projective $A$-module such that, for all $a\in A$:
\begin{align*}
&\exp_{\Lambda'}\circ(a\tau^0)=\phi_a\circ\exp_{\Lambda'},
&a\exp^*_{\Lambda'}=\exp^*_{\Lambda'}\circ\phi^*_a.
\end{align*}
We define $\exp:=\exp_{\Lambda'}$ and $\log:=\log_{\Lambda'}$. We call $\Lambda\subseteq K$ the unique fractional ideal isogenous to $\Lambda'$ such that $\Lambda(\leq0)=\mathbb{F}_q$. We choose a nonzero element of least degree in $\Lambda'$ and call it $\tilde{\pi}_{\Lambda'}$ - for simplicity we denote it $\tilde{\pi}$ for the rest of the section.
\end{Def}
\begin{oss}
Since $\rk(\Lambda')=1$, a lattice isogenous to $\Lambda'$ is uniquely determined by its nonzero elements of greatest norm, hence the hypothesis that for $\Lambda$ they are $\mathbb{F}_q$ already implies $\Lambda\subseteq K$.
Our choice of $\tilde{\pi}$ is up to a factor in $\mathbb{F}_q^\times$, and we have $\tilde{\pi}\Lambda=\Lambda'$.
\end{oss}
\begin{oss}\label{c_k in K}
If we write $\exp:=\sum_i c_i\tau^i$ and $\phi_a:=\sum_j a_j\tau^j$ for some $a\in A$ (with $a_0=a$), the equation $\exp\circ (a\tau^0)=\phi_a\circ\exp$ becomes:
\[\sum_k (c_k a^{q^k})\tau^k=\sum_k\left(\sum_{i+j=k} a_j c_i^{q^j}\right)\tau^k\Rightarrow c_k(a^{q^k}-a)=\sum_{i=0}^{k-1}a_{k-i}c_i^{q^{k-i}}.\]
Since $c_0=1$, we get that $c_k\in {K_\infty}$ for all $k\geq0$ by induction.
\end{oss}
\begin{Def}
For any rank $1$ projective $A$-module $L\subseteq{\mathbb{C}_\infty}$, we define, for all $k\geq1$:
\begin{align*}
&S_k(L):=\sum_{\substack{\lambda_1,\dots,\lambda_k\in^* L\\i\neq j\Rightarrow \lambda_i\neq \lambda_j}} (\lambda_1\cdots \lambda_k)^{-1};
&P_k(L):=\sum_{\lambda\in^* L} \lambda^{-k}.
\end{align*}
We also set $S_0(L):=1$ and $P_0(L):=-1$.
\end{Def}
\begin{oss}
By definition $\exp_L(x):=x\prod_{\lambda\in^*L}\left(1-\frac{x}{\lambda}\right)\in{\mathbb{C}_\infty}[[x]]$, and by absolute convergence we can expand the product and rearrange the terms of the series, so we get $\exp_L(x)=\sum_{i\geq0}S_i(L)x^i$; in particular, if $i+1$ is not a power of $q$, $S_i(L)=0$.
\end{oss}
\begin{oss}\label{c_i valuation}
Note that in the summation that defines $S_{q^i-1}(\tilde{\pi}\Lambda)$ there is a unique summand of greatest norm, given by the product of the $q^i-1$ nonzero elements of lower degree of $\tilde{\pi}\Lambda$. Since $\mathbb{F}_q^\times$ are the nonzero elements of lowest degree of $\Lambda$, this product has valuation at least:
\[\sum_{j=0}^{i-1} (q^{j+1}-q^j)(j+v(\tilde{\pi}))=i q^i-\left(\sum_{j=0}^{i-1} q^j \right)+q^i v(\tilde{\pi})\geq(i-1+v(\tilde{\pi}))q^i.\]
In particular, since $\lim_i \frac{1}{q^i}v\left(S_{q^i-1}(\tilde{\pi}\Lambda)\right)=\infty$, $\exp(t):{\mathbb{C}_\infty}\to{\mathbb{C}_\infty}$ is an entire function with an infinite radius of convergence, and $\exp^*(t):{\mathbb{C}_\infty}\to{\mathbb{C}_\infty}$, while not being a power series, is continuous, converges everywhere, and sends $0$ to $0$; moreover, $\lim_{\|z\|\to0}\exp^*(z)z^{-1}=1$.
\end{oss}
\begin{oss}
Since they are continuous $\mathbb{F}_q$-linear endomorphisms of ${\mathbb{C}_\infty}$, we can extend uniquely both $\exp$ and $\exp^*$ to continuous $\mathbb{F}_q\otimes K$-linear endomorphisms of ${\mathbb{C}_\infty}\hat\otimes K$.
\end{oss}
\begin{lemma}\label{log_L}
For all rank $1$ lattices $L\subseteq{\mathbb{C}_\infty}$, $\log_L=-\sum_i P_{q^i-1}(L)\tau^i$.
\end{lemma}
\begin{proof}
Newton's identities for an infinite number of variables tell us that, for all $i\geq1$, $iS_i(L)=\sum_{j=0}^{i-1}S_j(L)P_{i-j}(L)$. Setting $i=q^k-1$ with $k\geq1$, since $S_j(L)=0$ if $j+1$ is not a power of $q$, we get:
\[-S_{q^k-1}(L)=\sum_{j=0}^{k-1}S_{q^j-1}(L)P_{q^k-q^j}(L)=\sum_{j=0}^{k-1}S_{q^j-1}(L)(P_{q^{k-j}-1}(L))^{q^j}.\]
In particular:
\[\exp_L\circ\left(-\sum_{i\geq0}P_{q^i-1}(L)\tau^i\right)=\sum_{k\geq0}\left(-\sum_{j=0}^k S_{q^j-1}(L)(P_{q^{k-j}-1}(L))^{q^j}\right)\tau^k=-S_0(L) P_0(L)=1.\]
The uniqueness of right inverses proves the thesis.
\end{proof}
\begin{prop}\label{exp(zeta)}
We have the following functional identity:
\[\exp^*(\zeta)=0.\]
\end{prop}
\begin{proof}
For all $a\in A$ we have $\exp^*\circ\phi_a^*=(a\otimes 1)\exp^*$ as endomorphisms of ${\mathbb{C}_\infty}\hat\otimes K$; by Proposition \ref{dual Drinfeld module}, $\phi^*_a(\zeta)=(1\otimes a)\zeta$ . Hence, for all $a\in A$:
\[0=\exp^*(0)=\exp^*(\phi^*_a(\zeta)-(1\otimes a)\zeta)=(a\otimes1-1\otimes a)\exp^*(\zeta).\]
For $a\not\in\mathbb{F}_q$, $a\otimes1-1\otimes a$ is invertible in ${\mathbb{C}_\infty}\hat\otimes K$ - with inverse $\sum_{i\geq0}a^{-i-1}\otimes a^i$ - so we get the thesis.
\end{proof}
\subsection{The fundamental period $\tilde{\pi}$}
Finally, in this subsection we are able to link the zeta function $\zeta_I$ and the fundamental period $\tilde{\pi}$.
\begin{prop}\label{Lambda=I}
Fix an element $a_I\in^*I$ of least degree. We have $a_I^{-1}I=\Lambda$.
\end{prop}
\begin{proof}
Since the nonzero elements of least degree of both $a_I^{-1}I$ and $\Lambda$ are $\mathbb{F}_q^\times$, it suffices to show that $I$ and $\Lambda$ are isogenous.
For all $k\in\mathbb{N}$, define $c_k:=S_{q^k-1}(\tilde{\pi}\Lambda)^\frac{1}{q^k}$; by Remark \ref{c_k in K}, $c_k\in\mathbb{F}_q((u^\frac{1}{q^k}))$.
By Corollary \ref{coefficients of zetas} and Remark \ref{c_i valuation} respectively, we have the following inequalities for all $i\in\frac{1}{q^k}\mathbb{N}$, for all $k\in\mathbb{N}$:
\begin{align*}
&\deg\left((\zeta^{(-k)})_{(i)}\right)\leq\log_q(i+1)+k+g+\deg(I)+1, &v\left(c_k\right)\geq k-1+v(\tilde{\pi})=:k'.
\end{align*}
Fix a positive integer $n$. Since $\exp^*(\zeta)=0$ by Proposition \ref{exp(zeta)}, for any arbitrarily large $N$ we can choose a positive integer $m\geq n$ such that $v\left(\sum_{k=0}^m c_k\zeta^{(-k)}\right)\geq N$.
For all $k\leq m$ we can write the following, where the index $i$ varies among $\frac{1}{q^m}\mathbb{Z}$:
\[c_k=\sum_{i\geq k'}\lambda_{k,i} u^i\in\mathbb{F}_q[u^{\pm\frac{1}{q^m}}]\text{ with }\lambda_{k,i}\in\mathbb{F}_q.\]
Let's rearrange $\sum_{k=0}^m c_k\zeta^{(-k)}$, with the indexes $i$ and $j$ varying among $\frac{1}{q^m}\mathbb{Z}$:
\[\sum_{k=0}^m\sum_{j\geq k'} \lambda_{k,j}\zeta^{(-k)}u^j=\sum_{k=0}^m\sum_{j\geq k'}\lambda_{k,j}\sum_{i\geq0}\left(\zeta^{(-k)}\right)_{(i)}u^{i+j}=\sum_{i\geq0}\left(\sum_{k=0}^m\sum_{j=k'}^i\lambda_{k,j}\left(\zeta^{(-k)}\right)_{(i-j)}\right)u^i.\]
Since $v\left(\sum_{k=0}^m c_k\zeta^{(-k)}\right)\geq N$, we get that, for $i\in\frac{1}{q^m}\mathbb{Z}$ and $i<N$:
\[\sum_{k=0}^m\sum_{j=k'}^i\lambda_{k,j}\left(\zeta^{(-k)}\right)_{(i-j)}=0.\]
Using this result and Corollary \ref{coefficients of zetas}, the evaluation $\sum_{k=0}^m c_k\zeta^{(-k)}(\Xi^{(-n)})$ can be rearranged as follows:
\begin{align*}
&\sum_{k=0}^m\sum_{j\geq k'}\lambda_{k,j}\zeta^{(-k)}(\Xi^{(-n)})u^j
=\sum_{k=0}^m\sum_{j\geq k'}\lambda_{k,j}\sum_{i\geq0}\left(\zeta^{(-k)}\right)_{(i)}(\Xi^{(-n)}) u^{i+j}\\
=&\sum_{i\geq0}\left(\sum_{k=0}^m\sum_{j=k'}^i\lambda_{k,j}\left(\zeta^{(-k)}\right)_{(i-j)}\right)(\Xi^{(-n)})u^i
=\sum_{i\geq N}\left(\sum_{k=0}^m\sum_{j=k'}^i\lambda_{k,j}\left(\zeta^{(-k)}\right)_{(i-j)}\right)(\Xi^{(-n)})u^i.
\end{align*}
For $i-j,k\geq0$, since $j\geq k'\geq v(\tilde{\pi})-1$, and since $\log_q(x)\leq x$ for all $x>0$, we have:
\[\deg\left((\zeta^{(-k)})_{(i-j)}\right)\leq \log_q(i-j+1)+k+g+\deg(I)+1\leq i+k+g+\deg(I)+3-v(\tilde{\pi})=:i+C,\]
so each summand has valuation at least $i-\frac{i+C}{q^n}\geq N-\frac{N+C}{q^n}$, which tends to infinity as $N$ tends to infinity. Since $m=m(N)$ depends on $N$ and tends to infinity as $N$ does, we have:
\[0=\lim_{N\to\infty}\sum_{k=0}^{m(N)} c_k\zeta^{(-k)}(\Xi^{(-n)})=\lim_{m\to\infty}\sum_{k=0}^m c_k\zeta^{(-k)}(\Xi^{(-n)})=\sum_{k=0}^n c_k\zeta^{(-k)}(\Xi^{(-n)}),\]
where we used that $\zeta^{(-k)}(\Xi^{(-n)})=0$ for $k>n$ by Corollary \ref{zeta zero}. For $0\leq k\leq n$ we can rewrite $\zeta^{(-k)}(\Xi^{(-n)})$ in the following way:
\[\zeta^{(-k)}(\Xi^{(-n)})=\gamma_I^\frac{1}{q^k}\sum_{a\in^* I}a^{\frac{1}{q^n}-\frac{1}{q^k}}=\left(\gamma_I\sum_{a\in^*I}\left(\frac{a}{\gamma_I}\right)^{1-q^{n-k}}\right)^\frac{1}{q^n}=\left(\gamma_I P_{q^{n-k}-1}(\gamma_I^{-1}I)\right)^\frac{1}{q^n}.\]
We extrapolate the following equality for all $n\geq1$:
\[\left(\sum_{k=0}^n S_{q^k-1}(\tilde{\pi}\Lambda)^{q^{n-k}}P_{q^{n-k}-1}(\gamma_I^{-1}I)\right)^\frac{1}{q^n}=\gamma_I^{-\frac{1}{q^n}}\sum_{k=0}^n c_k\zeta^{(-k)}(\Xi^{(-n)})=0,\]
which by Lemma \ref{log_L} implies that $\log_{\gamma_I^{-1}I}\circ\exp=1$.
In particular, $\exp=\exp_{\gamma_I^{-1}I}$, therefore their zero loci are the same, which means that $\tilde{\pi}\Lambda=\gamma_I^{-1}I$.
\end{proof}
\begin{prop}\label{a_I/pi}
The following identity holds in ${\mathbb{C}_\infty}\hat\otimes K$:
\[\frac{(a_I\tilde{\pi}^{-1}\otimes1)\zeta_I}{\left((a_I\tilde{\pi}^{-1}\otimes1)\zeta_I\right)^{(1)}}=f_*^{(1)},\]
\end{prop}
\begin{proof}
From the definition of $\gamma_I$ we have $\frac{\zeta_I}{\zeta_I^{(1)}}=(\gamma_I\otimes1)^{q-1}f_*$. Since $\Lambda=a_I^{-1}I$ and $\tilde{\pi}\Lambda=\gamma_I^{-1}I$, we deduce $\gamma_I=\frac{a_I}{\tilde{\pi}}$ up to a factor in $\mathbb{F}_q^\times$.
\end{proof}
We can finally state and prove more precise versions of Theorems \ref{functional identity} and \ref{Sf_I}.
\begin{customteo}{\ref{functional identity}}[Complete version]
The following functional identity is well posed and true in ${K_\infty}\hat\otimes K$:
\[\zeta_I=-(a_I^{-1}\otimes a_I)\prod_{i\geq0}\left((\tilde{\pi}^{1-q}\otimes1)f_*^{(1)}\right)^{(i)}.\]
\end{customteo}
\begin{proof}
From the partial version of this theorem, we have the following identity in $\O_{K_\infty}\hat\otimes K$:
\[\zeta_I=-(a_I^{-1}\otimes a_I)\prod_{i\geq0}\left((\lambda^{1-q}\otimes1)f'_{\bar{I},*}{}^{(1)}\right)^{(i)},\]
where $f'_{\bar{I},*}$ is a scalar multiple of $f_{\bar{I},*}$, and $\lambda\in\O_{K_\infty}$ is some constant. We deduce:
\[\frac{\zeta_I}{\zeta_I^{(1)}}=(a_I^{q-1}\otimes 1)(\lambda^{1-q}\otimes1)f'_{\bar{I},*}{}^{(1)}.\]
On the other hand, by Corollary \ref{a_I/pi}, we know that
\[\frac{\zeta_I}{\zeta_I^{(1)}}=\left(\frac{a_I}{\tilde{\pi}}\otimes1\right)^{q-1}f_*^{(1)},\]
hence $(\lambda^{1-q}\otimes1)f'_{I,*}{}^{(1)}=(\tilde{\pi}^{1-q}\otimes1)f_*^{(1)}$ and we get the desired identity.
\end{proof}
Recall the notations as in Definition \ref{def f, f_*, delta}. We restate Theorem \ref{Sf_I} to make it a proper generalization of \cite{Green}[Thm. 7.1].
\begin{customteo}{\ref{Sf_I}}[Complete version]
The following $A$-submodules of ${\mathbb{C}_\infty}\hat\otimes A$ coincide:
\[\Sf_{\bar{I}}=(\mathbb{F}_q\otimes I)\frac{\delta_{\bar{I}}^{(1)}(\tilde{\pi}\otimes1)}{f_{\bar{I}}(a_I\otimes1)\zeta_I}.\]
\end{customteo}
\begin{proof}
From the partial version of this theorem, we have the $A$-module $\Sf_I\subseteq{\mathbb{C}_\infty}\hat\otimes A$ coincides with $(\mathbb{F}_q\otimes I)\frac{\delta_I}{\zeta}$ , where $\zeta:=(\gamma_I\otimes1)\zeta_I$.
Since $\gamma_I=\frac{a_I}{\tilde{\pi}}$ up to a factor in $\mathbb{F}_q^\times$ by Corollary \ref{a_I/pi}, and $\delta_{\bar{I}}^{(1)}f_{\bar{I},*}=\delta_{\bar{I}}f_{\bar{I}}$ by Remark \ref{delta}, we deduce the thesis.
\end{proof}
\section{Dedekind-like zeta function}\label{Dedekind zeta}
In this section, we prove the generalization of \cite[Thm. 7.3]{Green} in the form of Theorem \ref{xi equation}. We define a "Dedekind-like" zeta function $\xi_{\bar{I}}$ relative to a class $\bar{I}\in Cl(A)$, and then relate it to the Pellarin zeta function $\zeta_A$.
Fix a divisor $V_{\bar{I}}$, with corresponding Drinfeld-Hayes module $\phi:A\to {K_\infty}\{\tau\}$ sending $a$ to $\phi_a$ of degree $\deg(a)$. We can extend $\phi$ to ideals, sending $J=(a,b)\unlhd A$ to the generator $\phi_J$ of the left ideal $(\phi_a,\phi_b)<{K_\infty}\{\tau\}$, following a construction of Hayes (see \cite{Hayes}).
\begin{Def}
Fix $\omega\in \Sf_{\bar{I}}$, and for $J\unlhd A$ define $\chi_{\bar{I}}(J):=\frac{\phi_J(\omega)}{\omega}$.
\end{Def}
\begin{oss}
The previous definition does not depend on the choice of $\omega$. For $a\in A$, $J\unlhd A$, since $\phi_{aJ}=\phi_J\circ\phi_a$ we have that
\[\chi_{\bar{I}}(aJ)=\frac{\phi_{aJ}(\omega)}{\omega}=\frac{\phi_J\circ\phi_a(\omega)}{\omega}=\frac{\phi_J((1\otimes a)\omega)}{\omega}=(1\otimes a)\frac{\phi_J(\omega)}{\omega}=\chi_{\bar{I}}(a)\chi_{\bar{I}}(J).\]
It's easy to check that we can extend $\chi$ to all fractional ideals in a unique way such that for all $a\in K$ and for all fractional ideals $J$ we have $\chi_{\bar{I}}(a)\chi_{\bar{I}}(J)=\chi_{\bar{I}}(aJ)$.
\end{oss}
\begin{prop}
For all $J\unlhd A$, $\chi_{\bar{I}}(J)\in\Q({K_\infty}\otimes A)$, and $\Div(\chi_{\bar{I}}(J))=V_{\bar{I}-\bar{J}}+J-V_{\bar{I}}-\deg(J)\infty$.
\end{prop}
\begin{proof}
Consider $\O(V_{\bar{I}}):=\bigcup_{n\geq0}\mathcal{L}(V_{\bar{I}}+n\infty)$, which admits as a flag base $\{f_{\bar{I}}\cdots f_{\bar{I}}^{(k)}\}_{k\geq-1}$. By definition, for $a\in A$, if $\phi_a=\sum_i a_i\tau^i$ we have $1\otimes a=\sum_{i\geq0} (a_i\otimes 1) f_{\bar{I}}\cdots f_{\bar{I}}^{(i)}$. If we multiply everything by some $\omega\in \Sf_{\bar{I}}$ we get that $(1\otimes a)\omega=\sum_i (a_i\otimes 1)\omega^{(i)}=\phi_a(\omega)$, hence $\chi_{\bar{I}}(a)=1\otimes a$. For a fixed non principal ideal $J=(a,b)\unlhd A$, if we write $\phi_J=\sum_{i=0}^{\deg(J)} (c_i\otimes1)\tau^i$, we get:
\[\chi_{\bar{I}}(J)=\frac{\phi_J(\omega)}{\omega}=\sum_{i=0}^{\deg(J)} c_i f_{\bar{I}}\cdots f_{\bar{I}}^{(i-1)}\in\mathcal{L}(V_{\bar{I}}+\deg(J)\infty).\]
Moreover, if we write $\phi_J=\psi_1\circ\phi_a+\psi_2\circ\phi_b$ for some $\psi_1,\psi_2\in {K_\infty}\{\tau\}$, we get:
\[\chi_{\bar{I}}(J)=\frac{\phi_J(\omega)}{\omega}=\frac{\psi_1\circ\phi_a(\omega)+\psi_2\circ\phi_b(\omega)}{\omega}=(1\otimes a)\frac{\psi_1(\omega)}{\omega}+(1\otimes b)\frac{\psi_2(\omega)}{\omega}.\]
Since $1\otimes a,1\otimes b\in\O(-J)$, $\frac{\psi_1(\omega)}{\omega},\frac{\psi_2(\omega)}{\omega}\in\O(V_{\bar{I}})$, and the degree of $\chi_{\bar{I}}(J)$ is $\deg(J)$, we get $\chi_{\bar{I}}(J)\in\mathcal{L}(V_{\bar{I}}-J+\deg(J)\infty)$. The divisor $D:=V_{\bar{I}}+\deg(J)\infty-J$ has degree $g$ and is such that:
\begin{align*}
&D-D^{(1)}\sim V_{\bar{I}}-V_{\bar{I}}^{(1)}\sim\Xi-\infty&\red(D-g\infty)\sim I-J+(\deg(J)-\deg(I))\infty.
\end{align*}
By Lemma \ref{con}, $D\sim V_{\bar{I}-\bar{J}}$, and $h^0(V_{\bar{I}-\bar{J}})=1$, hence $\Div(\chi_{\bar{I}}(J))=V_{\bar{I}-\bar{J}}+J-V_{\bar{I}}-\deg(J)\infty$. Since $\chi_{\bar{I}}(J)(\Xi)=c_0\in {K_\infty}$ and $\Div^+(\chi_{\bar{I}}(J)),\Div^-(\chi_{\bar{I}}(J))$ are ${K_\infty}$-rational, $\chi_{\bar{I}}(J)\in \Q({K_\infty}\otimes A)$.
\end{proof}
Let's prove a lemma before the last proposition.
\begin{lemma}\label{final lemma}
Fix an ideal $I\unlhd A$, with degree $d_I$. Then, for all ideal classes $\bar{J}\in Cl(A)$, there is some $H$-rational function $h_{I,\bar{J}}$ with divisor:
\[\Div(h_{I,\bar{J}})=V_{\bar{J},*}^{(1)}+V_{\bar{I}+\bar{J}}-I-\Xi-(2g-d_I-1)\infty.\]
Moreover, we can choose $\{h_{I,\bar{J}}\}_{\bar{J}\in Cl(A)}$ such that for all $\bar{J}\in Cl(A)$, $\frac{h_{I,\bar{A}}}{h_{I,\bar{J}}}(\Xi)=1$.
\end{lemma}
\begin{proof}
Fix some ideal $J\unlhd A$, call $d_J$ its degree, and define $D:=I+\Xi+(2g-d_I-1)\infty$. Consider the divisor $D-V_{\bar{J},*}^{(1)}$: we want to prove that it is equivalent to $V_{\bar{I}+\bar{J}}$. First of all, its degree is $g$, hence it is equivalent to some effective divisor. Moreover, we have the following equivalences:
\begin{align*}
\red_{K_\infty}(D-V_{\bar{J},*}^{(1)})&\sim\red_{K_\infty}(D)-\red_{K_\infty}(V_{\bar{J},*})\\
&\sim (I+(2g-d_I)\infty)-((d_J+g)\infty-J)\\
&\sim (I+J)+(g-d_J-d_I)\infty\sim \red_{K_\infty}(V_{\bar{I}+\bar{J}});\\
(D-V_{\bar{J},*}^{(1)})-(D-V_{\bar{J},*}^{(1)})^{(1)}&\sim(D-D^{(1)})-(V_{\bar{J},*}-V_{\bar{J},*}^{(1)})^{(1)}\\
&\sim(\Xi-\Xi^{(1)})-(\infty-\Xi)^{(1)}\sim\Xi-\infty\sim V_{\bar{I}+\bar{J}}-V_{\bar{I}+\bar{J}}^{(1)}.
\end{align*}
By Lemma \ref{con}, the two conditions imply that $D-V_{\bar{J},*}^{(1)}\sim V_{\bar{I}+\bar{J}}$.
By Remark \ref{Hayes}, the divisors $\{V_{\bar{J},*}^{(1)}+V_{\bar{I}+\bar{J}}-D\}_{\bar{J}\in Cl(A)}$ are $H$-rational. Moreover, by the same reasoning as Remarks \ref{Hayes} and \ref{Hayes2}, they are all conjugated by the action of $\G(H/K)$; we can define $h'_{I,\bar{A}}$ as any function in $\Q(H\otimes A)$ with divisor $V_{\bar{A},*}^{(1)}+V_{\bar{I}}-D$, while for all $\bar{J}\in Cl(A)$, we set $h'_{I,\bar{J}}:=h'_{I,\bar{A}}{}^{\sigma_{\bar{J}}}$, where $\sigma_{\bar{J}}$ is the appropriate element of $\G(H/K)$.
Now, for all $\sigma\in\G(H/K)$, we set $c_\sigma:=\frac{h'_{\bar{A}}{}^\sigma}{h'_{\bar{A}}}(\Xi)\in H^\times$. For all $\sigma,\tau\in\G(H/K)$ we have $c_{\sigma\tau}=c_{\sigma}c_{\tau}^\sigma$, so by Hilbert 90 there is some $b\in H$ such that, for all $\sigma\in\G(H/K)$, $c_\sigma=\frac{b}{b^\sigma}$. Finally, we can set $h_{I,\bar{J}}:=h'_{I,\bar{J}}\cdot b^{\sigma_{\bar{J}}}$, so that both the conditions we were looking for are satisfied.
\end{proof}
\begin{oss}
The quotients $\frac{h_{I,\bar{A}}}{h_{I,\bar{J}}}$ only depends on the class $\bar{I}$.
\end{oss}
\begin{Def}
We denote $\xi_{\bar{I}}:=\sum_{J\unlhd A}\frac{\chi_{\bar{I}}(J)}{\chi_{\bar{I}}(J)(\Xi)}\in {K_\infty}\hat\otimes K\cong K((u))$.
\end{Def}
In the notations of Lemma \ref{final lemma}, we have the following result.
\begin{teo}\label{xi equation}
The function $\xi_{\bar{I}}$ is well defined, and the following identity holds:
\[h_{I,\bar{A}}\xi_{\bar{I}}=-\left(\sum_{\sigma\in\G(H/K)}h_{I,\bar{A}}^\sigma\right)\zeta_A.\]
\end{teo}
\begin{proof}
Let's fix representatives $J_i\unlhd A$ for each ideal class
$\bar{J_i}\in Cl(A)$. To prove convergence we rearrange the terms:
\begin{align*}
\sum_{J\unlhd A}\frac{\chi_{\bar{I}}(J)}{\chi_{\bar{I}}(J)(\Xi)}
&=\sum_i\sum_{\substack{J\unlhd A\\\bar{J}=\bar{J_i}}}\frac{\chi_{\bar{I}}(J)}{\chi_{\bar{I}}(J)(\Xi)}=\sum_i\sum_{\substack{a\in^* J_i^{-1}\\\sgn(a)=1}}\frac{\chi_{\bar{I}}(aJ_i)}{\chi_{\bar{I}}(aJ_i)(\Xi)}=-\sum_i\sum_{a\in^* J_i^{-1}}\frac{\chi_{\bar{I}}(aJ_i)}{\chi_{\bar{I}}(aJ_i)(\Xi)}\\
&=-\sum_i\left(\frac{\chi_{\bar{I}}(J_i)}{\chi_{\bar{I}}(J_i)(\Xi)}\sum_{a\in^* J_i^{-1}}\frac{\chi_{\bar{I}}(a)}{\chi_{\bar{I}}(a)(\Xi)}\right)=-\sum_i\frac{\chi_{\bar{I}}(J_i)}{\chi_{\bar{I}}(J_i)(\Xi)}\zeta_{J_i^{-1}}.
\end{align*}
We now express explicitly the quotient $\frac{\zeta_{J_i^{-1}}}{\zeta_{A}}$. In $K((u))$, it is the limit of the sequence $\left(\frac{\zeta_{J_i^{-1},m}}{\zeta_{A,m}}\right)_m$, whose divisor for $m\gg0$ is $V_{-\bar{J_i},*,m}-V_{\bar{A},*,m}-J_i+\deg(J_i)\infty$, which we can rearrange as:
\[(V_{-\bar{J_i},*,m}+V_{-\bar{J_i},m}-2g\infty)-(V_{\bar{A},*,m}+V_{-\bar{J_i},m}+J_i-(2g+\deg(J_i))\infty).\]
Both divisors in the parentheses are principal, and their positive components converge; by Proposition \ref{convergence of functions and divisors}, the function $\frac{\zeta_{J_i^{-1}}}{\zeta_A}$ is rational, with divisor:
\[\lim_m \left(V_{-\bar{J_i},*,m}-V_{\bar{A},*,m}-J_i+\deg(J_i)\infty\right)=V_{-\bar{J_i},*}^{(1)}-V_{\bar{A},*}^{(1)}-J_i+\deg(J_i)\infty.\]
If we multiply $\frac{\zeta_{J_i^{-1}}}{\zeta_A}$ by $\chi_{\bar{I}}(J_i)$, the resulting divisor is $V_{-\bar{J_i},*}^{(1)}+V_{\bar{I}-\bar{J_i}}-V_{\bar{A},*}^{(1)}-V_{\bar{I}}$, which is the divisor of $\frac{h_{I,-\bar{J_i}}}{h_{I,\bar{A}}}$ by Lemma \ref{final lemma}. Since $-\zeta_{J_i^{-1}}(\Xi)=-\zeta_A(\Xi)=\frac{h_{I,-\bar{J_i}}}{h_{I,\bar{A}}}(\Xi)=1$, we have the equality $\frac{\zeta_{J_i^{-1}}}{\zeta_A}\chi_{\bar{I}}(J)=\chi_{\bar{I}}(J)(\Xi)\frac{h_{I,-\bar{J_i}}}{h_{I,\bar{A}}}$, so we can rewrite the Dedekind zeta as:
\[\xi_{\bar{I}}=-\zeta_A\sum_i\frac{h_{I,-\bar{J_i}}}{h_{I,\bar{A}}}=-\zeta_A\sum_{\bar{J}\in Cl(A)}\frac{h_{I,\bar{J}}}{h_{I,\bar{A}}}=-\zeta_A\sum_{\sigma\in\G(H/K)}\frac{h_{I,\bar{A}}^\sigma}{h_{I,\bar{A}}}.\tag*{\qedhere}\]
\end{proof}
\begin{oss}
Evaluating at $\Xi$, we get - modulo the characteristic of $\mathbb{F}_q$ - $\xi_{\bar{I}}(\Xi)=\# Cl(A)$.
\end{oss}
\printbibliography
\end{document} |
Cloud computing security challenges unite hosting providers, security specialists
Some resistance as IT and security managers struggle to sort out risk factors and compliance issues
Ellen Messmer (Network World) 27 February, 2010 02:55
Westcon – Comstor
As cloud computing adoption climbs, hosting providers are inking deals with security vendors to provide security-as-a-service options to customers. But will enterprise IT managers buy into these often novel forms of security woven into a cloud computing environment?
There's definitely some resistance as IT and security managers struggle to sort out risk factors and compliance issues.
"A good number of organizations are now using what they consider to be cloud services," says Bill Trussell, managing director of security research at TheInfoPro, which just published its semi-annual survey of information security professionals at large and midsize firms in North America. But when TheInfoPro asked respondents about whether they'd use cloud-based security services in cloud computing environments, less than 15% cited that as being very likely.
"When asked whether organizations would extend functions such as user access and provisioning, or two-factor authentication, to cloud providers, it wasn't too popular," Trussell says. Enterprise security professionals are still nervous about something largely unfamiliar that doesn't sit on their premises and isn't under their direct control — or even under the direct control of the cloud-computing provider they use, since the security service is controlled by a third-party vendor with security expertise.
Still, these new security-as-a-service arrangements are coming to cloud computing, and fast.
PivotLink, for instance, which offers cloud-based pay-as-you-go business-intelligence services, including an analysis service for data related to Salesforce.com, is in partnership with Novell to beta-test Novell's cloud security service, which includes various identity-management capabilities based on software hosted at GoGrid.
"We get our authentication from the Novell service, which plugs into the customer's service," says Bob Kemper, senior vice president of development at PivotLink. "Today we use the identity management and their authorization to manage the security level. Novell integrates with the required enterprise systems for access to information."
PivotLink's customers, many of whom are retail sales managers at companies that include REI, don't have to be using Novell software on their premises to make use of the Novell cloud security service.
"If they're using any LDAP or Active Directory infrastructure, it will work," Kemper says. The cloud-based service makes use of SAML-based authorization. The arrangement in the beta test with Novell allows a customer to automatically de-provision a store manager who is leaving and add a new manager automatically authorized in the same role to use the PivotLink service.
"Our customers say we need this level of control and management and audit in some fashion," Kemper says, adding that customers say they will feel more comfortable uploading sensitive data into the cloud.
PivotLink hopes to be able to announce general availability of the Novell-based cloud security services as part of its portfolio offering by the summer. And Kemper feels the best approach to introduce these kinds of security controls is through a service model with a partner such as Novell, which maintains its own cloud.
Dipto Chakravarty, general manager in Novell's cloud-security business unit, says Novell is in contact with many software-as-a-service (SaaS) and hosting providers to gauge their interest in teaming with Novell on cloud-based security services.
One consideration is that Novell has to function like a Switzerland of technology protocols, supporting SAML 1.1, SAML2, WS-Fed, InfoCard and OpenID, as well as Shibboleth on the enterprise side. The Novell Cloud Security Service is a "true multi-tenant hosted security solution," according to Chakravarty. "It can be hosted either at the SaaS's hosting provider or by one of Novell's partners."
The cloud security survival guideNovell is not the only one eager for a cloud-based security services role.
Other security firms, including StillSecure and Alert Logic, are providing intrusion detection/prevention (IDP/IDS) services for protecting virtual-machine-based servers on the customer's behalf at cloud service providers.
Mike Crews, director of IT at Automated Document Solutions (ADS), which provides records management for hospitals and healthcare organizations, says his firm uses Host.net as a cloud provider for some purposes. And when Host.net began partnering with StillSecure a few months ago to provide IDS/IPS service, ADS subscribed to get the benefits of this type of round-the-clock monitoring.
Crews said the service was an "excellent opportunity" to get the type of monitoring at Host.net that would otherwise be difficult for ADS to set up on its own. "They're the experts," Crews says. So far the security service with StillSecure, which has its own network operations center that monitors what goes on at the ADS virtual machines at Host.net, has worked well, Crews says. The cost, which StillSecure says is $250 a month to secure 10 virtual machines, is considered at ADS to be affordable.
Another cloud infrastructure provider, Houston-based iland, has offered an IDS/IPS monitoring service through security firm Alert Logic for well over a year at its data centers, according to Justin Giardina, iland's CTO.
In addition to the virtuaal LAN-segmented, firewall-protected configuration of VMware-based virtual machines that each company ordinarily receives as a cloud customer, there's also the option to have these VMs monitored by security firm Alert Logic from the security firm's own network operations center.
The Alert Logic monitoring makes use of host-based software that runs at the hypervisor level on behalf of the customer. The Alert Logic IDS/IPS service can be configured to automatically cordon off a segment by triggering an automated response in a Cisco ASA firewall, for example, if a problem is detected.
Not more than a quarter of iland's customers use this Alert Logic monitoring service, says Giardina. Although Alert Logic is responsible for the 24 x 7 monitoring of virtual machines, and has the direct relationship with the customer, iland also may get involved if an incident occurs.
"Not everyone understands the importance of patching," Giardina says, noting that compromises of servers have occurred through hackers and malware, and iland at times is notified by Alert Logic, too, to respond to incidents.
Although iland has no current plans to add additional third-party security services beyond that provided by Alert Logic, Giardina says iland is looking at the possibility of setting up its own antivirus scanning and protection service based on an upcoming version of Symantec's software expected to make use of the VMware-based VMsafe APIs to enable monitoring at the hypervisor level.
Read more about wide area network in Network World's Wide Area Network section.
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The Iron Pot Rack has become an essential kitchen item for modern living. As our cooking accoutrements become more numerous, it seems we to have a kitchen appliance for everything now, the need for counter space has increased. Enter the Iron Pot Rack: the perfect solution for storage and display. Our wrought iron pot rack collection is the result of picking the best pot racks from several suppliers, and represents solid design with true functionality. Learn more about the benefits of owning a pot rack. |
According to Marvel, Shuri, the technological wizard behind much of T'Challa's weaponry and the suits he dons as Black Panther and protector of Wakanda, will be getting her own comic book title soon. Penned by science fiction phenomenon Nnedi Okorafor, who was recently named one of the best science fiction writers of the past 150 years, the series will focus on Shuri's return to the throne after T'Challa's space expedition unexpectedly leaves Wakanda without a protector.
Releasing in October of 2018, the title will be illustrated by Eisner nominee Leonardo Romero. As previously reported, Okorafor has been tapped by Marvel before for both Long Live the King, an offshoot of Ta-Nehisi Coates' Black Panther run, and Wakanda Forever, which follows the exploits of Okoye and members of the Dora Milaje. |
Thomas Jakob Müller (* 1. Dezember 1952 in Uzwil, heimatberechtigt ebenda und in Rorschach) ist ein Schweizer Politiker und war von 2006 bis zu seiner Nichtwiederwahl 2019 Mitglied des Nationalrates. Er war ursprünglich Mitglied der CVP, wechselte 2011 jedoch zur SVP.
Biografie
Müller studierte Rechtswissenschaft an der Universität Zürich, schloss mit dem Lizenziat ab und wurde Rechtsanwalt. Er arbeitete von 1980 bis 1984 als Gerichtsschreiber am Bezirksgericht Rorschach und war von 1984 bis 2003 Teilhaber einer Anwaltskanzlei.
Von 1985 bis Dezember 1996 war er in der Legislative der Gemeinde Rorschach. Von 2003 bis 2011 war er Stadtpräsident von Rorschach. Von 1992 bis 2000 war er im Kantonsrat von St. Gallen und dort unter anderem Präsident der Rechtspflegekommission. Im Dezember 2006 rückte er für den zurückgetretenen Felix Walker in den Nationalrat nach und war dort bis 2007 Mitglied der Kommission für Rechtsfragen und danach in der Finanzkommission. Zudem ist er als Stiftungsrat der Schweizer Stiftung Farbe tätig.
Im deutsch-schweizerischen Konflikt um die Lockerung des Schweizer Bankgeheimnisses erregte Müller Aufmerksamkeit, als er in einer Parlamentsdebatte im März 2009 über den deutschen Finanzminister Peer Steinbrück die Bemerkung «Er erinnert mich an jene Generation von Deutschen, die vor 60 Jahren mit Ledermantel, Stiefel und Armbinde durch die Gassen gegangen sind» fallen liess.
Müller wohnt in Rorschach, ist verheiratet und hat drei Kinder. In der Schweizer Armee hat er den Rang eines Oberleutnants. Er war 1997–2004 Präsident des FC St. Gallen, während seiner Zeit holte der FC St. Gallen im Jahre 2000 den 2. Meistertitel.
Weblinks
Einzelnachweise
Nationalrat (St. Gallen)
Kantonsrat (St. Gallen, Person)
Kommunalpolitiker (Kanton St. Gallen)
Stadtpräsident (Schweiz)
SVP-Mitglied
CVP-Mitglied (Schweiz)
Fußballfunktionär (FC St. Gallen)
Schweizer
Geboren 1952
Mann |
You just can't beat a day at the races – thundering hooves pounding on the track, the multi-coloured flash of jockeys charging towards the finish line and the roar of the crowd rising from their seats to spot the winner. Ladies and gentlemen, book your tickets now because you can always bet on a wonderful time at Down Royal. Log onto the website to book. |
The aim of this work was to investigate the potential of Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) to detect and predict the bacterial load of salmon fillets (Salmo salar) stored at 3, 8 and 30 degrees C under three packaging conditions: air packaging (AP) and two modified atmospheres constituted by a mixture of 50%N-2/40%CO2/10%O-2 with lemon juice (MAPL) and without lemon juice (MAP). Fresh salmon samples were periodically examined for total viable counts (TVC), specific spoilage organisms (SSO) counts, pH, FTIR and sensory assessment of freshness. Principal components analysis (PCA) allowed identification of the wavenumbers potentially correlated with the spoilage process. Linear discriminant analysis (LDA) of infrared spectral data was performed to support sensory data and to accurately identify samples freshness. The effect of the packaging atmospheres was assessed by microbial enumeration and LDA was used to determine sample packaging from the measured infrared spectra. It was verified that modified atmospheres can decrease significantly the bacterial load of fresh salmon. Lemon juice combined with MAP showed a more pronounced delay in the growth of Brochothrix thermosphacta, Photobacterium phosphoreum, psychrotrophs and H2S producers. Partial least squares regression (PLS-R) allowed estimates of TVC and psychrotrophs, lactic acid bacteria, molds and yeasts, Brochothrix thermosphacta, Enterobacteriaceae, Pseudomonas spp. and H2S producer counts from the infrared spectral data: For TVC, the root mean square error of prediction (RMSEP) value was 0.78 log cfu g(-1) for an external set of samples. According to the results, FTIR can be used as a reliable, accurate and fast method for real time freshness evaluation of salmon fillets stored under different temperatures and packaging atmospheres.
The aim of this work was to evaluate the potential of Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy as a rapid and accurate technique to detect and predict the onset of spoilage in fresh chicken breast fillets stored at 3, 8, and 30 A degrees C. Chicken breasts were excised from carcasses at 6 h post-mortem; cut in fillets; packed in air; stored at 3, 8, and 30 A(0)C; and periodically examined for FTIR, pH, microbiological analysis, and sensory assessment of freshness. Partial least squares regression allowed estimations of total viable counts (TVC), lactic acid bacteria (LAB), Pseudomonas spp., Brochothrix thermosphacta, Enterobacteriaceae counts and pH, based on FTIR spectral data. Analysis of an external set of samples allowed the evaluation of the predictability of the method. The correlation coefficients (R-2) for prediction were 0.798, 0.832, 0.789, 0.810, 0.857, and 0.880, and the room mean square error of prediction were 0.789, 0.658, 0.715, 0.701, 0.756 log cfu g(-1) and 0.479 for TVC, LAB, Pseudomonas spp., B. thermosphacta, Enterobacteriaceae, and pH, respectively. The spectroscopic variables that can be linked and used by the models to predict the spoilage/freshness of the samples, pH, and microbial counts were the absorbency values of 375 wave numbers from 1,700 to 950 cm(-1). A principal component analysis led to the conclusion that the wave numbers that ranges from 1,408 to 1,370 cm(-1) and from 1,320 to 1,305 cm(-1) are strongly connected to changes during spoilage. These wave numbers are linked to amides and amines and may be considered potential wave numbers associated with the biochemical changes during spoilage. Discriminant analysis of spectral data was successfully applied to support sensory data and to accurately bound samples freshness. According to the results presented, it is possible to conclude that FTIR spectroscopy can be used as a reliable, accurate, and fast method for real time freshness evaluation of chicken breast fillets during storage. |
Classic NBA arcade action is back! Take your "A" game to the playground and beat the best in high-flying 2-on-2 basketball action. Practice your skills, play with up to three others on your Nintendo Switch™ and use your talents to posterize your opponents with acrobatic jams and ridiculous displays of skill. Collect your favorite players from a massive roster of current and retired NBA superstars from every team. Travel to playgrounds across the globe to compete against the very best with your massive arsenal of dunks and moves. Use your fine-tuned skills to take on the master of the playground himself – Allen Iverson.
I need this game.. now!
Looks good..i just need a switch to play it!
Visuals great, gameplay great, concept great, replay falls short. I believe that social interaction and online for certain games is a must. Maybe I'll give it another go on a later date once the online app is released and the Social aspect is added. I understand that the online patch is still waiting approval from Nintendo, but if it doesn't come before NBA 2K18 is released then I may never look back at this game. |
Cincinnati Zoo, Botanical Garden, and learn about the history of the area at the National Underground Railroad Freedom Center. Summer evologie promo code is also known as storm season, and sudden thunderstorms are not uncommon during the warmer months. Your travel budget just got a helping hand, thanks to the fact you can expect to pay approximately.39 per gallon in Cincinnati, which is slightly below the American average. Vendors sell meats, produce, and specialty items, but there are also plenty of options for visitors looking for a taste of local cuisine). You'll see another side of the nation's history at the Underground Railroad Freedom Center. The permanent Rosa Parks exhibit is well worth the addition to your general admission ticket. Kentucky Airport to off-airport locations include Alamo, Dollar, Enterprise, Thrifty, Hertz, Budget, Payless, Avis, and National. Baseball fans are also in for a treat, as right down the street is the Great American Ball Park, where the Cincinnati Reds hold court. Looking to explore outside of Cincinnati? Cincinnati International Airport, commonly referred to as Northern Kentucky International Airport, is located 13 miles south from the downtown district and takes approximately 20 minutes to drive. What's the speed limit in Cincinnati?
Traveling to the Queen City for business? Theres a good chance youll be heading downtown. It's open seven days a week and is the perfect place to sample Cincinnati's famous barbecue from Eli's. Enterprise Rent -A-Car has many convenient car rental locations throughout Cincinnati including Cincinnati/Northern Kentucky International Airport (CVG).
Here's everything you need to book it las vegas promo codes know to plan for a fun, stress-free, and productive trip. If youre a football aficionado visiting during the season, head for Paul Brown Stadium, located right near the Ohio River, and catch a Cincinnati Bengals game. It's the second-oldest zoo in the United States, dating back to 1875, making it just 14 months younger than the Philadelphia Zoo. Kayak, cincinnati Car Rental Information, pick-up Location. Compact rental cars in Cincinnati are around 33 cheaper than other car types, on average. When you use our services here at m, you can find great prices on rental cars in Cincinnati no matter when you travel. Check into your preferred hotel most of the major chains have locations downtown or in Covington, just across the Ohio River and rest easy knowing you're minutes from the Duke Energy Convention Center and some of the city's most popular attractions.
Use this field to enter a code for corporate contract, association, coupon or other special rate. Looking for your Enterprise Plus account? We are sorry, the site has not properly responded to your request. |
also the steps for doing a parapit wall?
Wowza, another class going through in t-minus 6 working days.
For the Canadian fellows, were there many of the "How many sheets of metal .....to clad this sized pipe" or "how many sq inches to make this curb times four?"
Find all posts by CFP!
I'm new here. I was looking some information for sheet metal journeyman exam ("apprenticeship and industry training") and I found this forum.
So, I'm still looking something, questions, answers, books, everything, what could help me. I tried various tests online, but there are nothing similar, what was in exam. I found books from SAIT, but they cost about 600$ and still don't know if they could help me. I tried once, but unfortunately only 48% . Does somebody know something about that exam? or maybe have some books, other information? I will be very thankful.
Have you browsed this thread?
Try page 10 of this thread let us know if this helps you.
Thank you BUD, I saw it already. There are just a few questions from 120. Not enough . Anyway, they will help me of course, just I need more.
Wow, randomly browsed the site again.
Red seal and hours are a go.
Our profs were bang on.
1. A Commercial Elbow 22x10 with a radius of 12'' requires only: (A. 1 Turning Vane) ?
2. Does a Transition 24x10 reducing to 10x10 comply with SMACNA?
3. Which file removes the most material?
6. 10" rods on 3 on12 roof how long are rods 10 ft away?
7. For every 100' of gutter, there should be at least 2 downspouts on either end? (A. True) ?
8. Calculate the wedge to cut out of a circle to form the top of a china cap?
Is there any formula to calculate it or some specific numbers?
Also, I remember from my first exam, there were a few questions about ventilators, chimney, maintenance, problem solving with connectors, something about flexible connection, various holders etc. Could you recomend me where can I find some information on the internet? I know there is a lot of info, but where exactly it would be?
And it would be nice if somebody could put here more questions from the exam. They really help to learn, to prepare for the exam.
Thanks, I appreciate everyone's help here. It works.
I feel ashamed to say I was out of the trade for nearly a year. Failing the C of Q twice took a toll on me. I'm back and have been doing metal again for 6 months. I have opened my books again and I write Monday. |
1920: Royalty visits Lambeth
4 August 2015 SWM
In April 1920 the Stockwell War Memorial Fund Committee received a boost when Princess Beatrice, a granddaughter of Queen Victoria, attended a bazaar held in Clapham Public Hall in the High Street. By this stage the design had been approved.
© South London Press
SOUTH LONDON PRESS
STOCKWELL WAR MEMORIAL.
Princess Beatrice Opens Bazaar in Aid of the Erection Fund.
As part of the efforts to raise funds for the Stockwell War Memorial, a bazaar and sale was held in Clapham Public Hall, High-st., Clapham on Wednesday afternoon. The memorial is to be placed at the junction of Clapham-rd. and South Lambeth-rd., and a design has been approved.
The bazaar was opened by Princess Beatrice (attended by Capt. McIntosh), who was received by Alderman George Brittain (Mayor of Lambeth). Also present were the Marchioness Townshend, Miss Minnie Cochrane (from Scotland)., Mrs. G. Brittain, Mr. H. G. Purchase, M.P. (Kennington), Mrs. Purchase, and the following members of the War Memorial Committee:- Mrs. Charles Ashton, Mrs. A. Ashton, Messrs. Wyndham, K. Wise (chairman), Phillip Bryman, Sydney Stanley, Lennard Charles, Samuel Bowller, Nuttall and Councillor May Morgan. Princess Beatrice was presented with a bouquet of flowers by little Miss Priscilla Young.
Opening the bazaar, the Princess wished success to the Fund.
Mr. Purchase, proposing a vote of thanks to the Princess and to the Marchioness Townshend, said that the visit of the Princess was the first paid by Royalty to the borough for 17 years.
The Mayor seconded the vote of thanks, which was acknowledged.
Stalls were under the direction of the following:- Mr. and the Misses Bowller, Mrs. Rice, Mrs. Buckingham, Mrs. Bryman, Mrs. Harrison, Mr. James Rowland, Mrs. A. Ashton, Miss Janet Hunter, the Misses Wright, Mr. Harry Bryman, Miss Marie Lloyd, Mrs. M. A. Stanley, Mrs. Chas. Ashton, Mrs. S. H. Stanley, Mrs. Edwards. An enjoyable entertainment was carried through by a number of artists.
1920: The Committee reports on progress
1920: More money required |
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Home News by type Appointments Newquay BID names new chair
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Newquay BID names new chair
Nick Eyriey
Newquay Business Improvement District (BID) has announced Jane Hawkey as its new chair.
Hawkey, who has been a BID director since the organisation's inception and is also the director of Fistral Leisure, assumes the role from Veryan Armstrong, who stepped down in April.
Meanwhile, local businessman and former mayor Andy Hannan has joined the BID board, following the resignation of Councillor John Fitter in June.
BID Manager Eve Wooldridge said: "Veryan has been a key driver and a continual supporter of the Newquay BID from its conception in 2010 and has had an undeniable positive impact on the shaping of the direction of the Newquay BID and its key projects.
"The board would all like to take this opportunity to thank Veryan for her support and wish her all the best for the future. We're confident that Jane will continue this good work over year two of the BID project and are delighted to welcome Andy Hannan to the team."
Newquay BID now has 11 board members and will continue with these until May 2013 when all members will be up for re-election.
The BID board continues to meet on a six weekly basis, and the minutes and operational updates will soon be posted on www.newquaybid.co.uk, set to go live in August.
newquay bid
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Editorial director Nick Eyriey is an experienced and respected journalist having spent some 20 years in the local and national press working with newspapers such as The Yorkshire Post, Today, The Sun, and the Mail on Sunday.
Taking Newquay to London and beyond
Calling all Newquay businesses
Newquay looking on the bright side |
Last week I started the Soap Box Sunday Posts. Each week I will leave Sunday posting to speaking on issues that are affecting people, places and things in the world of weight loss, control and maintenance - or any topic that has irked me that week.
This week I do not have anything to whine about that is irking me our the world of keeping the pounds off. Rather than force Irk or get into anything that is old hat, I will simply wish everyone a happy day and leave with you a thought from today's entry from my I'm Keeping the Pounds Off daily tips on Facebook.
"I don't need the backlash of Whoa that comes with eating inappropriately. The mental obsession and stress Whoa puts on my body will damage the healthy balance I achieve each day in doing the basic things right, eating healthy and sanely, getting enough sleep and accepting that I can enjoy my life today as is."
Today, I am going to enjoy my life as is. How about you? |
EVERTON and Bournemouth are keeping tabs on Mahmoud Hassan.
The winger is currently on loan at Turkish side Kasimpasa from Anderlecht and is expected to feature for Egypt at the World Cup.
The 23-year-old has been outstanding in Turkey hitting 12 goals with three assists and his displays have alerted a host of Premier League clubs.
Galatasaray are monitoring his situation and are keen to keep the forward in Turkey.
SunSport have been told the attacker nicknamed "Trezeguet" is hoping to make a big impact in Russia and seal a dream move to England.
Hassan will enter the final year of his contract this summer and Anderlecht are resigned to losing him as the player has no desire to return to Belgium.
Toffees boss Sam Allardyce is looking to add another wide option to his squad next season, despite shelling out on Theo Walcott in January and the return to fitness of Yannick Bolasie.
Allardyce is also tracking Den Haag defender Wilfried Kanon who could be available for a cut-price £2million.
The Cherries are looking to bolster their attacking options and Hassan could provide competition for Junior Stanislas, Ryan Fraser and in-form Jordon Ibe.
While Eddie Howe looks to add to his ranks, he has fight on to keep striker Callum Wilson at the Vitality.
The club demanding £25m from any potential suitors with West Ham and Everton keen on the 26-year-old who has hit eight goals this term. |