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Jessalyn Gilsig

Jessalyn Sarah Gilsig (born November 30, 1971) is a Canadian actress. She is best known for her roles as Kayley in Quest for Camelot, Lauren Davis in Boston Public, Gina Russo in Nip/Tuck, Terri Schuester in Glee, and as Siggy Haraldson in Vikings. Early life Gilsig was born in Montreal, Quebec, Canada, the daughter of Claire, a writer and translator, and Toby Gilsig, an engineer. She began her acting in a voice work part at age 12 for a National Film Board of Canada production, Masquerade. She is of Jewish descent. Education Gilsig attended McGill University in Montreal, from 1989 to 1993, graduating with a Bachelor of Arts degree in English in 1993. She later pursued her acting studies further at Harvard University's Institute for Advanced Theater Training. Career Gilsig began her career as a voice actress. She has done voices in the films such as Masquerade, and for television series such as Young Robin Hood. She moved to New York City in 1995 where she appeared in several off-Broadway plays. However, it was her association with David E. Kelley that led to her starring role in Boston Public. After guest-starring in two episodes of Kelley's The Practice, Gilsig was cast in two episodes of another Kelley program, the short-lived Snoops. Although the series was cancelled before Gilsig's episodes were broadcast, Kelley wrote the part of Lauren Davis in Boston Public specifically for her, a series that premiered in September 2000 on FOX; Gilsig would leave the series after the end of the second season in May 2002. Following her departure from Boston Public, Gilsig joined the cast of Nip/Tuck in 2003 as Gina Russo, a role she continued until 2008. In 2004, she appeared in five episodes of NYPD Blue, followed by four episodes of FOX's Prison Break in 2005. In addition to her extensive credits in television and theatre, Gilsig has appeared in film, beginning with a small role in the 1998 film The Horse Whisperer. She then provided the speaking voice for Kayley in the animated film Quest for Camelot (1998), with Andrea Corr performing the character's songs. In 2004 she starred in Chicks with Sticks, appeared in See This Movie, and in one of the lead roles in the 2007 film Flood. In 2007–2008 she had recurring roles in two television series, playing Shelley, the sister of Tami Taylor, on NBC's Friday Night Lights, and Claire Bennet's biological mother, Meredith Gordon, on Heroes. Gilsig went on to play the main role of Terri Schuester on the Fox show, Glee, from 2009 to 2012. In 2013, Gilsig was a series regular, portraying Siggy Haraldson, wife of Earl Haraldson and paramour of Ragnar Lothbrok's brother, Rollo, on the History Channel series Vikings until 2015. In 2017 she joined the cast of Scandal. On January 24, 2020, Gilsig joined the cast of the Disney+ sports comedy-drama series Big Shot'' as Holly Barrett with John Stamos to replace Shiri Appleby. Personal life Gilsig met and briefly dated Bobby Salomon as a high school student – he was the football team quarterback she described as a "cool guy". Salomon, a film producer, moved to Hollywood in 2002, and the two began dating again. They were married on January 1, 2005, in a traditional Jewish wedding (Gilsig's father is Jewish). Gilsig and Salomon have a daughter. Gilsig filed for divorce from Salomon on September 8, 2010, citing irreconcilable differences, having been separated since 2009. In 2013 Gilsig became an American citizen. Filmography Film Television Further reading References External links Actresses from Montreal Anglophone Quebec people Canadian child actresses Canadian film actresses Canadian television actresses Canadian voice actresses Canadian emigrants to the United States American child actresses American film actresses American television actresses American voice actresses Institute for Advanced Theater Training, Harvard University alumni Jewish Canadian actresses McGill University alumni Living people 20th-century Canadian actresses 21st-century Canadian actresses 20th-century American actresses 21st-century American actresses People with acquired American citizenship 1971 births

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Walton Hall Park

Walton Hall Park in Walton, Liverpool, England is a park. It was opened to the public on 18 July 1934 by King George V when he visited Liverpool to open the Queensway Tunnel. The origins of the park date back to Henry de Walton, steward of the West Derby hundred in 1199. The park contains two lakes. The larger lake has two islands and is inhabited by several large carps, bream and tench fishes as well as a large number of skimmer breams, roaches and perches. The smaller lake has a path running around the perimeter. Since September 2019 Everton L.F.C. of the FA Women's Super League have played their home games at the main grandstand. See also Walton Hall, Liverpool References External links Council Page Photographs Walton Hall Park show Parks and commons in Liverpool

2381445

Küçük Menderes River

Küçük Menderes ("Little Meander"), Cayster River, Caystrus River or Kaystros River (, French: Caÿstre) is a river south of İzmir, Turkey. It generally flows westward and arrives at the Aegean Sea at Pamucak beach, near Selçuk, İzmir. The ancient city of Ephesus was once an important port on the river, but over the centuries, sedimentation gradually filled in the inlet around the city. The ancient port of Panormus was near its mouth. The coastlines moved seaward, and the ruins of Ephesus are now some inland from the coast. Its tributaries are the Fertek, Uladı, Ilıca, Değirmen, Aktaş, Rahmanlar, Prinçci, Yuvalı, Ceriközkayası, Eğridere, Birgi, Çevlik and Keles. The river is currently just north of the Büyük Menderes ("Great Meander") River; both rivers have often changed their course. References Rivers of Turkey Landforms of İzmir Province

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Nixon, Richard Milhous

redirectRichard Nixon

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David Dein

David Barry Dein (b. 7 September 1943) is a British businessman, known for being a former co-owner and vice-chairman of Arsenal Football Club, and former vice-chairman of the Football Association. Dein was vice-chairman of Arsenal between 1983 and 2007, and was instrumental in the formation of the Premier League in 1992. In August 2007 he sold his shares in Arsenal to London-based, Russian-owned business company, Red and White Holdings. He was the President of the G-14 group of European football clubs between October 2006 and May 2007, and has sat on various committees within FIFA and UEFA including UEFA's Club Competition Committee and Executive Committee. He was also the International President of England's failed 2018 World Cup bid. Dein is also the founder of The Twinning Project, a charity which connects prisons and football clubs to help the rehabilitation of prisoners. He spends much of his time giving motivational speeches to schools and prisons in the UK and at football conferences. Arsenal Dein began in business as a sugar trader. He was vice-chairman of Arsenal between 1983 and 2007. He was appointed when he bought a 16.6% share of the club for £292,000 from Peter Hill-Wood, Arsenal's chairman. At the time of Dein's purchase in 1983, Hill-Wood described Dein as "crazy" to invest his money in the club, stating that "to all intents and purposes, it's dead money". Dein built up his shares until he owned 42% of the club in 1991. Over the next decade, debts incurred forced him to sell just short of a 30% stake to co-director Danny Fiszman for approximately £11m. By 2007, his remaining shares were believed to be worth in the region of £57 million to £65 million. Formation of the Premier League Dein was one of the architects of the Premier League in 1992, which re-shaped the structure and finances of English football. "I felt football was really a sleeping giant and had a long way to go," Dein said. "After seeing how the Americans operated their sport, particularly American football and baseball and basketball, I felt we were light years behind. We had so much more to give as an attraction." Greg Dyke, later the chairman of the FA, stressed the central role of Dein in the creation of the Premier League, saying "David Dein was the most revolutionary bloke I've met in football. David Dein created the Premier League, it was his idea." Success with Arsène Wenger During his time at the club, he had an active role in the transfer of players and contract negotiations. Dein was behind the appointment of the little-known Arsène Wenger to the manager's job in 1996. Under Wenger, Arsenal won the Premier League three times and the FA Cup seven times, and Dein strongly backed him and his transfer plans. Following the dismissal of George Graham in February 1995, he tried to convince his fellow board members to appoint Wenger as manager. They seemed reluctant to bring on board an unknown Frenchman managing in Japan and opted instead for Bruce Rioch. Following the dismissal of Rioch a year later, Dein again suggested that Wenger should be hired. His efforts proved successful and Wenger was appointed manager of Arsenal in October 1996. It is generally agreed that without Dein, Wenger would never have been appointed manager. Dein believed that Wenger would change Arsenal's style of play, which was seen as dogmatic and one-dimensional, to one based on technique and speed more attuned with the approach adopted by teams from the continent. Dein was instrumental in the club's recruitment of players. In September 1991, he helped Arsenal sign Ian Wright from Crystal Palace for £2.5 million. Wright later stated that Dein "was always very close to the players... He was like a father figure to us, and everybody loved him." In June 1995, Dein signed Dutch international Dennis Bergkamp for £7.5 million from Internazionale. Redevelopment of Highbury Dein was influential in the transformation of Highbury into an all-seater stadium. Following the Hillsborough disaster, the Taylor Report required Premier League clubs to introduce all-seater stadiums. Dein was behind the introduction of a bond scheme, unpopular with fans, to finance the redevelopment of Highbury's North Bank and Clock End terraces into all-seater stands. Dein also helped obtain Arsenal's entry into the G-14 group of major European football clubs in 2002, and became President of the G-14 in October 2006. He was also President of Arsenal Ladies Football Club while Arsenal vice-chairman. Departure On 18 April 2007, Dein left the club due to "irreconcilable differences" between him and the rest of the board. It is thought that he was in favour of a possible takeover of Arsenal by an external investor. Arsenal had invested heavily in the development of their new stadium which forced the club to take on heavy debts, which meant the club was in need of new revenue. The other members of the board were said to have signed a contractual agreement that they would not sell their shares for a year, and they jointly expressed their intention to retain their shares in the longer term. Dein was replaced as G-14 chairman by Olympique Lyonnais chairman Jean-Michel Aulas the following month. Arsène Wenger stated "It is a huge disappointment because we worked very closely together, David has contributed highly to the success of the club in the last 10 years and even before that as well. Red and white are the colours of his heart." Former player Ian Wright also expressed his unhappiness at Dein's departure, and said the players were upset. Sale of Arsenal shareholding In August 2007, David Dein sold his 9,072 shares (14.58%) in the club for £75 million to Red & White Holdings, an investment vehicle of Russian metal billionaire Alisher Usmanov and his business partner Farhad Moshiri. Dein was appointed as chairman of Red & White, which was at the time the largest shareholder in the club outside of members of the board of directors. In September 2008, he resigned as chairman of Red & White, with The Times suggesting it was to improve relations between Arsenal and Red & White. The Football Association In 1986, Dein was voted onto the board of the Football League Management Committee and subsequently achieved a place on the FA Council. He was also one of the major architects of the FA Premier League in 1992. He eventually rose to the position of vice-chairman of the FA in 2000, a post he held until 2004 when it was scrapped after restructuring. He was subsequently re-elected to the FA Board as an FA Premier League representative. Dein was a key mover in the FA's manoeuvering to hire Sven-Göran Eriksson as England manager in 2001. Five years later, in 2006 he was one of four members of an FA panel (the others being Brian Barwick, Noel White and Dave Richards) tasked with identifying Eriksson's replacement. Dein's preferred choice, Luiz Felipe Scolari, was offered the job and looked set to take it but later changed his mind; the FA eventually chose Middlesbrough manager Steve McClaren. Dein sat on the FA Board until 2 June 2006 as one of four representatives of the FA Premier League clubs. He was replaced by David Gill, chief executive of Manchester United. This removal came one day after a news story broke on the BBC's Newsnight programme regarding possible infringements of FIFA rules regarding player transfers with, and loans to, Belgian club Beveren. The FA compliance committee investigated the BBC's allegations but did not find any breach of FA or Premier League rules by Arsenal. On 30 June 2006, FIFA released a statement stating there was no evidence of any wrongdoing by Arsenal in relation to its ties with Beveren. Dein was the representative of the FA Premier League on UEFA's committee for club competitions, and a former member of the FA Council, having to step down from his position when he left Arsenal. Dein was part of the founding committee, alongside Lord Ouseley, which established the 'Let's Kick Racism Out of Football' campaign in 1993 (later Kick It Out). Alleged conflicts of interest Dein's dual roles as director of Arsenal and a senior member of the Football Association's executive led to accusations of conflicts of interest. In 2005, Chelsea manager José Mourinho said "A person who works in the club should not work in the FA. The FA is the FA and the club is the club"; he called on David Dein to resign. Mourinho's complaint related to the league programme apparently favouring Arsenal. In 2004–05, Arsenal played five of their six league games immediately following Champions League group matches at home, while Chelsea had to play five away. This was not the only row Dein has had with Chelsea: Dein complained about Chelsea "tapping up" Ashley Cole, which resulted in Cole, Chelsea and José Mourinho all being fined by the FA. He was later accused of making a "covert" approach for Gilberto Silva that was similar to Chelsea's approach for Cole, while Gilberto was at Atlético Mineiro. Dein denied this, saying he had made his approach known to Atlético; the president of Mineiro, Alexandre Kall, confirmed Dein's account and said that Arsenal had complied with all the rules. Kall stated "I am shocked to hear about the press reports concerning the sale of Gilberto Silva. I can confirm that Arsenal complied with all the rules and all the negotiations with the player were held exclusively between the two clubs." In 2006, during the search for a new England manager to replace Eriksson, Bolton Wanderers manager Sam Allardyce questioned Dein's role in the FA, saying: "I don't know how much power David Dein has but he obviously has a great influence at the FA", and alleged that Dein had shielded Arsenal manager Arsène Wenger from the selection process. Middlesbrough chairman Steve Gibson made similar allegations, but Wenger denied this, saying he had been on FA chief executive Brian Barwick's original longlist, but told him from the outset that he did not want the job, a story later confirmed by the FA. G-14 Dein was appointed President of the G-14 in October 2006. At the time several legal disputes between clubs and FIFA and national associations relating to the release of players for international matches were on-going. It led to an agreement on compensation for the release of players for international tournaments. England 2018 World Cup bid In February 2010 Dein was appointed International President of England's unsuccessful 2018 World Cup bid, responsible for lobbying members of FIFA's Executive Committee who picked the country which would stage the tournament. His experience in the game and his contacts at the highest levels of global football were seen as vital in England's chances of winning the bid. Twinning Project In October 2018, Dein launched the Twinning Project at Wembley Stadium. The Project, a partnership between football clubs and prisons, is backed by the UK Government and football bodies. The scheme will help clubs deliver coaching, refereeing courses and other sporting qualifications to provide routes to paid employment for prisoners. Dein, who has given talks in over 100 prisons across the UK, said at the project's launch: "Football can be a powerful force for good, and the Twinning Project will use this to help people change their lives when they are released from prison". In November 2021 Dein and Arsene Wenger raised £150,000 for the Twinning Project at a sell-out event at the London Palladium, hosted by footballers Ian Wright and Alex Scott. Personal life Dein lives in Totteridge, north London, and has a large house in Mayfair. He has been married to his wife Barbara since 1972, and is the father to a daughter, Sasha Dein Fugazzola, and two sons Darren and Gavin Dein, and the grandfather to eight grandchildren. Dein's son, Darren, is a solicitor, and was Thierry Henry's best man. and his second son Gavin Dein, is the founder and CEO of Reward Insight who, in November 2020, sold a minority stake in his business in a deal worth over £100m. Dein was chairman of the Theatre Investment Fund in England. On 29 December 2018, Dein was awarded an MBE in the 2019 Queen's New Year honours list for his services to football and for voluntary work in school and prisons. References External links Profile on the BBC 1943 births Living people British chief executives Arsenal F.C. directors and chairmen English Jews People from Totteridge Members of the Order of the British Empire Jewish British businesspeople

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Aguilares, El Salvador

Aguilares is a municipality in the San Salvador department of El Salvador, The municipality is divided into five administrative divisions, called cantones: Florida, Las Tunas, Pinalitos, Pishishapa, and Los Mangos. It is bounded on the north by El Paisnal, on the east by Suchitoto (Cuscatlán Department) and Guazapa, to the south by Nejapa and Guazapa, and to the west by Quezaltepeque (La Libertad Department) and El Paisnal. Toponymy The municipality was named in honor of , , and Manuel Aguilar, leaders in the Salvadoran independence movement. History In the 1970s, the associated Catholic parish of Aguilares was served by Rutilio Grande, a Jesuit priest and activist who was assassinated in the on the outskirts of town. In 1979 or 1980, during the Salvadoran Civil War, the Salvadoran Army pillaged the town until its people retook it, depicted in Archbishop of San Salvador Óscar Romero's homily as images of the crucified Christ. References Municipalities of the San Salvador Department

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Apopa

Apopa is a municipality in the San Salvador department of El Salvador. Probably the seventh biggest city in El Salvador with a little more than 150,000 people, the city has now collided with Soyapango and San Salvador, making it part of the Great San Salvador Metro (with a 1,900,000 2010 population estimate). Toponymy The toponym Apopa means "a place with mist". lugar de vapores de agua. Geography Hydography: The rivers crossing this municipality are Acelhuate, Las Cañas, Guaycume and Tomayate river. Dimensions: The area is 51.84 km2 Orography: The hills within this municipality are El Sartén and El Guaycume hills. History The people of Apopa, were a part of the department of San Salvador from June 12, 1824, until March 9, 1836, when it transferred to the federal district of the Central American Federation until June 30, 1839, when it again returned to a municipality of the northern district of San Salvador with the dissolution of the Central American Federation. As a municipality, Apopa by November 14, 1860, had a population of 2194. Its jurisdiction included three farms: The Angel Arrasola, San José and San Nicolás. The latter purchased by the Municipal Corporation. To cooperate in their acquisition, the General President of the Republic Don Gerardo Barrios by act of January 28, 1865, made Apopa head of the northern district with jurisdiction over San Martin, Nejapan and Tonacatepeque. On March 7, 1874, during the administration of Field Marshal Don Santiago Gonzales Apopa was awarded the title of Villa Apopa. In 1878 the district increased with the incorporation of the municipality of El Paisnal. In 1892 Apopa stopped being head of the former district and became part of the new district Tonacatepeque. On June 7, 1921, during the administration of Jorge Meléndez Apopa was conferred the title of the city of Villa Apopa. Sports The local professional football club is named C.D. Vendaval Apopa and it currently plays in the Salvadoran Second Division after they merged with Chalatenango. Gallery References External links More information reference Apopa Municipalities of the San Salvador Department

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Ayutuxtepeque

Ayutuxtepeque is a municipality in the San Salvador department of El Salvador. It is one of the nine municipalities that make up the San Salvador Metropolitan Area (AMSS). The name of the municipality means "Armadillos Hill(or Mountain)" Municipal government The current Mayor for the period of 2009 to 2014 is Rafael Alejandro Nochez Solano a member of the Nationalist Republican Alliance party. Administrative divisions Ayutuxtepeque has the following 2 cantons: El Zapote Los Llanitos Demographics It has a population of 34,710 (2007) with 49.2% men and 50.8% women. The entire population lives in urban areas. Geography Ayutuxtepeque is limited by the following municipalities: to the north, Apopa, on the east by Cuscatancingo and Delgado, to the south by Mejicanos and on the west by Apopa. It has an area of 8.41 Km2 and it is located between the following geographic coordinates 13° 46'23 "LN (northern end) and 13° 43'55" LN (southern end), 89° 11'08 "LWG (eastern end) and 89° 13'55" LWG (western end). With an altitud of 700 MAMSL. Hydrography Creeks: Santa Maria, Arenal Ravines: De Morán, El Zapote, Barranca Honda, Chancala and Chicaguaste Economy The main industry of the town, is the manufacturing of bricks and roof tiles, there is a garment factory, a chemical-pharmaceutical factory, a processor of sausages and small industries in abundance. In the local trade, there are grocery stores, shops, pharmacies and other small businesses, mostly SMEs. The trade is primarily done with the municipalities of Mejicanos, Apopa, Nejapa, San Salvador and others. Culture The patron saint of the municipality is Saint Sebastian and festivals are held annually from January 27 to 30. References Municipalities of the San Salvador Department

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Niven, David

redirectDavid Niven

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Cuscatancingo

Cuscatancingo is a municipality in the San Salvador department of El Salvador. It is located about from the city of San Salvador and has a population of about 50,000. The geographical coordinates are References Realtravel information on Cuscatancingo Travelpost Municipalities of the San Salvador Department

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Delgado, San Salvador

Ciudad Delgado is a municipality in the San Salvador department of El Salvador. It is a part of the Metropolitan Area of San Salvador. Municipalities of the San Salvador Department

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File:Aaliyah-age-aint-94.jpg

Summary Licensing: Aaliyah album covers

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El Paisnal

El Paisnal is a municipality in the San Salvador department of El Salvador. Municipalities of the San Salvador Department

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Guazapa

Guazapa is a municipality in the San Salvador department of El Salvador. An area is known for fostering—and harboring—FMLN combatants during the 1980s Municipalities of the San Salvador Department

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Roman Catholic Territorial Prelature of Batanes

The Territorial Prelature of Batanes (in ) is a Latin rite pre-diocesan, non-missionary jurisdiction of the Roman Catholic Church. It is a suffragan in the ecclesiastical province of the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Tuguegarao on Luzon island in the Philippines. The Our Lady of the Immaculate Conception Cathedral is the episcopal seat of the territorial prelate, in Basco, Batanes. The current bishop-prelate is Danilo B. Ulep. History The prelature was erected on 30 November 1950 as Territorial Prelature of Batanes Islands and Babuyan / Batanen(sis) et Babuyanen(sis) (Latin), on territory split off from the Metropolitan Archdiocese of Manila. On 29 June 1951 it became part of the ecclesiastical province of Archdiocese of Nueva Segovia. It became suffragan of the Archdiocese of Tuguegarao, its mother see on 21 September 1974. On 6 February 2002 renamed Territorial Prelature of Batanes / Batanen(sis) (Latin adjective). Coat of arms The silver crescent symbolizes the Immaculate Conception, the titular of the principal church in the prelature. The North Star together with the constellation of the Ursa major denotes that the prelature covers the northern-most part of the Philippines. Cattle is the most important export product of Batanes and Babuyan Islands hence the bull on pasture. The agitated sea symbolizes the dangerous waters between these islands. Episcopal ordinaries (all Roman Rite) Prelates of Batanes and the Babuyan Islands Prelates of Batanes See also Catholic Church in the Philippines List of Catholic dioceses in the Philippines References Sources and external links GCatholic.org Catholic Hierarchy Prelature website Roman Catholic dioceses in the Philippines Territorial prelatures Roman Catholic Ecclesiastical Province of Tuguegarao Religion in Batanes Christian organizations established in 1951 Roman Catholic dioceses and prelatures established in the 20th century Christian organizations established in 1950 1951 establishments in the Philippines

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Ilopango

Ilopango is a town in the San Salvador department of El Salvador. It is a few miles east of the nation's capital, San Salvador. It is located near Lake Ilopango, the country's largest lake at 72 square kilometers. Overview El Salvador's second airport is in Ilopango. It is currently used for charter flights and by the Salvadoran military but plans are underway to increase its use as tourism and travel in El Salvador increase and Comalapa International Airport cannot handle the future influx alone. The Civil Aviation Authority has its headquarters on the airport property, in Ilopango. References External links Municipalities of the San Salvador Department

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Mejicanos

Mejicanos is a San Salvador suburb in the San Salvador department of El Salvador. Mejicanos is a city located in San Salvador, El Salvador. At the 2009 estimate it had 160,751 inhabitants. It has been characterized by its typical food "Yuca Frita con Merienda". It has a municipal market, where the local citizens can buy groceries, vegetables, dairy products, meat, pupusas, etc. Many of the things available in the local market are produced in the surrounding villages, like vegetables. It is located in a strategic point because is in the main route to other towns or municipalities, like Cuscatancingo, Mariona, San Ramon, San Salvador, etc. However it has-single lane roads, which accounts for the frequent traffic jams in the center of the city. It has always been characterized by being a disorganized city, like other cities in El Salvador. Even though it has a municipal market people use the streets to sell their products. Because the average altitude of the city is around 600 meters above sea level, the climate is typically warm. As of February 2007 many bus routes go through Mejicanos. Route 32 goes from San Salvador's downtown (El Centro) to La Montreal (Although is Avenida Montreal is well known just for La Montreal). Route 23 goes from San Salvador's downtown (El Centro) to San Ramón. Route 6 goes from San Salvador's downtown (El Centro) to Mariona. Route 24 goes from San Salvador's downtown (El Centro) to Cuscatancingo. Route 33A goes from San Salvador's downtown (El Centro) to Delicias Norte (El Pito). Route 33B goes from San Salvador's downtown (El Centro) to Canton San Roque (El Pito). History In 1524, the Spanish conquered and colonized the territory of Cuscatlán, now El Salvador. Indigenous allies and aborigines (Tlaxcaltecas, Aztecs, and Acolhuas) from the valley of Anahuac, a Mexican territory, arrived with them. After conquering the land, they settled north of the capital, were known as "Mexicans” and founded three core groups: one group was to the north, which is now San Salvador, where the City of Mejicanos is located; the second was in Barrio de Sonsonate; and the third was Usulután, today Canton Santa Maria. The city’s first named was "Villa of Mejicanos", and it later became the "City of Mejicanos. On 7 February 1823, General Vicente Filísola following orders of the Mexican Imperial Army, battled against Salvadoran Republic Army of Colonel Antonio José Cañas, substitute for Commander Manuel José Arce, who became ill. The Salvadorans were opposing the unconditional territory takeover by the Government of Emperor Agustín de Iturbide. Later, the City of Mejicanos stood out for its trade of goods in the streets among farmers. References Municipalities of the San Salvador Department

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Nejapa

Nejapa is a municipality in the San Salvador department of El Salvador. Traditions Las Bolas De Fuego One of the major traditions of Nejapa is Las Bolas De Fuego ("Balls of Fire"), celebrated August 31st. The celebration has two origins, one historical and the other religious. The historical version explains that the local volcano El Playon erupted in November 1658 and forced the villagers of the old Nejapa village (known as Nixapa) to flee and settle at its current location. The religious version explains how Saint Jerome fought the Devil with Fire Balls. Participants engage in a planned fire-fight to commemorate the volcanic eruption in 1922. Although this is quite dangerous, few bad injuries have been reported. External links Alcaldía Municipal de Nejapa Nejapa Fire Balls video of Bolas de Fuego - YouTube Municipalities of the San Salvador Department

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Panchimalco

Panchimal is a town in the San Salvador department of El Salvador. Panchimalco ("The Place of Flags and Shields," from the Nahuatl, "Pantli," meaning banner or flag; "Chimalli," meaning shield or herald, and "co," place) Its 35,000 inhabitants, sometimes called "Panchos," are descendants of Pipil Indians fleeing the Spanish takeover of San Salvador during the 16th century, into areas originally inhabited by Mayan and Nahuatl peoples. Indigenous people Panchimalco is known for its indigenous population and its festivities. Together with Izalco, Panchimalco is considered one of the last two remaining bastions of Amerindian peoples in El Salvador. Villagers still weave and wear colorful native textiles and maintain many indigenous traditions. However, the native language is not one of them. As of the last few years, no Nahuatl speakers remain in Panchimalco. Amerindians comprised 51.6 percent of the Salvadoran population in the 1769-1798 census, but at current time they are numbered at less than 100,000 in all of El Salvador. The number was greatly reduced when forces loyal to Gen. Maximiliano Hernandez massacred up to 30,000 peasants during the Salvadoran peasant uprising of 1932 known as La Matanza. History Panchimalco was founded by the pre-Columbian Toltec people who may have emigrated to the area following the fall of their empire in Tabasco in what is now Mexico. During the Spanish conquest of the territory, the area was called "El Fuerte" (the fortress) because of the concave shape of the land that gave the indigenous population an advantage. The Spanish established Panchimalco as a village, and built its famous colonial church, one of the most important historical monuments in El Salvador. Its original construction date, circa 1725, make it the oldest surviving colonial structure in El Salvador. The church, consecrated to the Holy Cross of Rome, and bearing that name (Santa Cruz de Roma), has been damaged in the various earthquakes that have shaken El Salvador through the centuries, beginning with one registered in 1736. The church consists of a single nave covered by a roof supported by 16 wooden beams. It contains an altar reredos done in the French baroque style, but its most well-known feature is its bleached white colonial façade. Like many colonial churches, it fronts a central square centered on a large cypress tree. The clay floor is not original, but marks a restoration completed in 1970. The church was declared a national historic monument by the Salvadoran congress on February 27, 1975. Culture The festivities held in Panchimalco are colorful and religious in nature. The Flower & Fronds Fair (Feria de las Flores y Palmas) celebrates the Virgin Mary devotion of the local Catholic church. The cofradías or "co-fraternities" are civic organizations in support of different church festivals, and they organize the various carnivals and celebrations. The procession of the Holy Cross of Rome is the town's official patronal festival. The dance of the Moors and Christians is an odd vestige of a tradition brought over by the Spaniards, which celebrates a Spanish victory over Muslim invaders during the Dark Ages. Nearby attractions include the town of Los Planes de Renderos, a lookout post where there are views of San Salvador and the valley; the "Puerta del Diablo" (Devil's Gate) rock formation and Balboa Park, a green retreat also overlooking San Salvador. All three are located within a municipal zone also called Panchimalco, though locals interpret Panchimalco to mean only the historic old town. The Panchimalco zone comprises 14 hamlets or cantons: El Divisadero, Pajales, Panchimalquito, Las Crucitas, San Isidro, Los Troncones, Azacualpa, Amayón, Los Palones, Los Planes de Renderos, el Guayabo, El Cedro, Quezalapa, Loma and Media. Panchimalco was named as among the ten top tourist sites in El Salvador by the Confederation of Latin American Tourist Organizations. References Municipalities of the San Salvador Department

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Rosario de Mora

Rosario de Mora is a municipality in the San Salvador department of El Salvador. According to the Census of Population and Housing 2007, has 11,377 inhabitants. History In the 1807 "The Rosary" was a farm located within the town limits of Panchimalco, years later it became Canton Township. On April, 7 1894 it was renamed as Rosario de Mora. Municipalities of the San Salvador Department

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San Marcos, San Salvador

redirect San Marcos, El Salvador

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San Martín, San Salvador

San Martín is a municipality in the San Salvador department of El Salvador. According to the 2007 Population and Housing Census, it has 72,758 inhabitants. The municipality is limited by San José Guayabal and Oratorio de Concepción to the North; San Bartolomé Perulapía and San Pedro Perulapán to the East; by Ilopango and the Lake of Ilopango to the South; and to the West by Tonacatepeque. For its administration it is divided into 8 cantons and 37 hamlets. Its main river is the Chunchucuyo; in terms of its orographyits main elevations are Las Delicias, Chuchutepeque, La Tigra and Teguantepeque hills. Its climate is warm and belongs to the type of hot earth and its annual rainfall amount varies between 1,750 and 1970 mm. The vegetation is constituted by humid subtropical forest. The locality covers an area of 55.8 km2 and the headland has an elevation of 725.0 meters above sea level. The municipality belongs to the Metropolitan Area of San Salvador. The agricultural production is mainly cultivated with basic grains, sugarcane, coffee, vegetables and fruit trees. There are industries such as the manufacture of soft drinks containers, maquilas, truck bodies and artisanal fishing; there are also other businesses including stores, beauty parlors, supermarkets, motels, restaurants, etc. The festivities are held from November 1 to 11 in honor of San Martín Obispo. References Municipalities of the San Salvador Department

2381477

Santiago Texacuangos

Santiago Texacuangos is a municipality in the San Salvador department of El Salvador. Municipalities of the San Salvador Department

2381478

Santo Tomás, El Salvador

Santo Tomás is a municipality in the San Salvador department of El Salvador. Municipalities of the San Salvador Department

2381479

Tonacatepeque

Tonacatepeque is a municipality in the San Salvador department of El Salvador. It has a population of 90,896 inhabitants according to the 2007 Census. This makes this municipality twelfth largest in terms of population in El Salvador. History According to archeological findings, Tonacatepeque was first founded as a small settlement by the Pipil people in mountains just south of its current location. Under the Pipil people, Tonacatepeque was likely a small, minor chiefdom threatened by possible incursions by the Señorío de Cuscatlán (Lordship of Cuscatlán). During the conquest and settlement of the newly discovered Americas, an order of Franciscan missionaries attempted to convert the indigenous people, establishing a new church. The patron saint of Tonacatepeque under the Franciscan order was San Nicolás Obispo de Mira (Saint Nicholas Bishop of Myra). Hence, the burgeoning settlement took on the name San Nicolás Tonacatepeque. According to local history, around 1880 the foundations and ruins of that first Franciscan church were still visible. The current location of Tonacatepeque was established in 1560. By 1770, the town had its own established church and included annexed areas such as Soyapango, Ilopango, and the San José Guayabal Valley. At this point, the town was home to 96 families, comprising 628 people. In 1786, Tonacatepeque was integrated within the jurisdiction of San Salvador. In 1807, following a census done by Intendent Don Antonio Gutiérrez Ulloa, Tonacatepque was classified as a "pueblo" or small village, inhabited by 17 Spaniards, 718 natives, and 619 mestizos. Almost seven decades later, on March 7, 1874, the Salvadoran Legislature (under the administration of Field Marshal Santiago González) authorized the reclassification of Tonacatepeque from "pueblo" to "Villa." The title of City was conferred by legislative decree on February 6, 1878, during the administration of Dr. Rafael Zaldívar. On March 17, 1892, Tonacatepeque was made District Center by legislative decree under the administration of General Carlos Ezeta. The new administrative district included the populations of Toncatepeque, Apopa, Ilopango, San Martín, Nejapa, Guazapa, Aguilares, and El Paisnal. Geography The city of Tonacatepeque is situated on a plateau about 600 meters above sea level. It lies 18 kilometers to the northeast of El Salvador's capital, San Salvador. Generally, the region's climate is cooler and less humid than its surrounding neighbors due to its mountainous location. However, during the months of March and April there can be influxes of heat and humidity. The region's minimum temperature is 22 °C (71.6 °F) with a maximum temperature of 28 °C (82.4 °F). References Municipalities of the San Salvador Department

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Soyapango

Soyapango is a municipality in the San Salvador department of El Salvador. Soyapango is a commercial center. The municipality is the third most populated area in the country, with 290,412 inhabitants. Soyapango is a satellite city of San Salvador and it is the main thoroughfare between San Salvador and the eastern part of the country, and nearly 70,000 vehicles travel through it every day. The nickname for this satellite city is Soya. Economy Empresas ADOC, the largest shoe manufacturer in Central America, has its headquarters in Soyapango. Most economic activity in Soyapango is related to forestry. Geography It is limited by the following municipalities: the north by Delgado and Tonacatepeque; to the east by Ilopango, on the south by St. Thomas and San Marcos, and the west by San Salvador and Delgado. It is located between the geographic coordinates 13° 44'42 "LN (northern end) and 13° 39'58" LN (southern end), 89° 06'57 "LWG (eastern end) and 89° 10'16" LWG (far west) . Soils Soils predominate in the municipality of type: 1) and Regosols Andosols, which are areas that form rolling and rolling country areas, 2) Regosols, and Andosols Latosols reddish clay, which are land areas that form of hills and mountains of the belt volcanic foothills or lower slopes of the volcanoes or volcanic massifs. In this area dominated by rock types of pyroclastic material. Hydrography Water the town river Las Cañas, Acelhuate, Tapachula, Chantecuán, El Sauce, and Chagiiite Sumpa and Arenal streams, and other unnamed Aposento. The main rivers are the reeds and the Acelhuate. The river Las Cañas was born in the town of Ilopango, and enters Soyapango to 2.4 miles east of the city, describing a path from south to north. Its course and divided the territory and Tonacatepeque Ilopango. Its rivers tributaries Chantecuán, El Sauce, Zapotitán, bananas and Sumpa, and streams and Arenal The Pavas Seco. It has a length within the municipality of 5.5 kilometers. Acelhuate River rises in the municipality of San Salvador. Enter Soyapango to 2.3 miles west of the city, describing a course from south to north. Its course divides this territory and those of Delgado and San Salvador. Its tributaries to the river gorge Tapachula and El Arenal. Describes a trip within the municipality of 3.5 kilometers. Terrain This town has a topography ranging from rolling hills to rugged mountains, mostly prominently to the South. The landscape of the area has two geological features: Cerro El Mirador and Mount San Jacinto. Mount San Jacinto is the most prominent one. Located 3.1 miles southwest of the city of Soyapango, its summit serves as a marker for the municipal boundaries of San Marcos, San Salvador and Soyapango. It has an elevation of 1151.93 meters above sea level. Climate The amount of annual rainfall varies between 1.700 and 1.850 mm. Sports The local professional football club is named C.D. Marte Soyapango and it currently plays in the Salvadoran Second Division. References External links Municipality of Soyapango Municipalities of the San Salvador Department

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Three Wishes (American TV series)

Three Wishes is a reality television show that premiered on NBC on September 23, 2005 to December 9, 2005. It featured contemporary Christian musician Amy Grant as she traveled around the country fulfilling the big wishes and dreams of some needy small-town residents. The show comes into a town, takes over the town square to take wishes at their "Wish Tent", and then films the episode in the following days. During this time, a free concert and carnival are held at which Amy Grant (and often another artist, such as Hootie and the Blowfish) performs. Though Grant's music was heard in most episodes, it was only through brief excerpts of her live performances and the show's theme song, "Believe", as Grant did not want to use the series to promote her own music. Casting is held well in advance of taking wishes in order to determine suitability for filming at the location. The series ended after ten episodes due to disappointing ratings. It also aired on CityTV in Canada. Episodes References External links Three Wishes episode guide 2000s American reality television series 2005 American television series debuts 2005 American television series endings NBC original programming Television series by Universal Television

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Jordan Ladd

Jordan Ladd (born January 14, 1975) is an American actress. The daughter of actress Cheryl Ladd and producer David Ladd, she initially worked with her mother in several made-for-television films, before making her big screen debut at 19, in the vampire film Embrace of the Vampire (1994). She subsequently appeared in the drama Nowhere (1997) and the comedy Never Been Kissed (1999). Ladd became known as a scream queen, having appeared in several successful horror films, including Cabin Fever (2002), Club Dread (2004), Death Proof (2007), and Grace (2009). Ladd is also known for work with director David Lynch appearing in his films Darkened Room (2002) and Inland Empire (2006). Personal life Background Ladd was born January 14, 1975, in Hollywood, California, the daughter of Charlie's Angels star Cheryl Ladd (née Stoppelmoor) and David Ladd, a producer and former actor. Her parents divorced in 1980. Her paternal grandfather was Alan Ladd, an actor and producer of American descent and her paternal grandmother was Sue Carol (née Evelyn Lederer), a Hollywood talent agent and actress of Jewish descent. She has a step-sister Lindsay Russell an aspiring actress. She graduated from high school in 1993, managing to lead a normal life despite her family's fame; she once remarked: "When I was in high school I used to go to the clubs, and of course that's exciting [...] You want to drink before you can and get into places you can't. But once I started acting professionally, I really didn't want to do the Hollywood nightlife thing." She attended Southern Methodist University in Dallas, Texas. Relationships She married her longtime boyfriend, documentary film editor Conor O'Neill, in 2001. The couple divorced in July 2005. Career 1990s At the age of two, Ladd began appearing in commercials. Her first commercial was for Polaroid. She began acting in film and television while in school, working with her mother in made-for-television films such as The Girl Who Came Between Them (1990) and Broken Promises: Taking Emily Back (1993). After graduating high school, she took up acting professionally. In 1994, she guest-starred in an episode of the NBC series Saved by the Bell: The New Class and made her big screen debut with a supporting appearance as a promiscuous college student opposite Alyssa Milano in the film Embrace of the Vampire. She spent the majority of the 1990s appearing in a variety of independent films in 1997, including Inside Out, Nowhere, and Stand-ins. In 1999, she appeared in Taking the Plunge, and also landed her first high-profile role alongside Drew Barrymore as a popular student who tortures an insecure copy editor in the teen comedy Never Been Kissed. The film was a commercial success, grossing US$84.5 million globally, and gave her an initial wide exposure with audiences. 2000s Ladd appeared in The Specials (2000), a comedy about a group of superheroes on their day off; in the film she played a neurotic named Nightbird. By 2000, she also had starred as an actress who vying for an Academy Award in E! first original film Best Actress, and appeared in the critically acclaimed anthology film Boys Life 3. Ladd starred as a college graduate and the victim to a flesh-eating virus in the horror film Cabin Fever (2002), Eli Roth's directorial debut. Ladd described working on the film as "insane," as it began shooting just a month after 9/11. She remarked: "We shut down, we got up and running, and then we shut down again. We just hoped to finish the movie and hoped people would really understand and appreciate it. We had a blast doing it, even the tougher stuff. I'd rather work that way than on a big-budget fancy thing where you are completely separate from the process." It was with this film that she began work in the horror genre, as she had a "real education on that way of storytelling" with Roth and the film. Cabin Fever was largely praised by critics, and made US$30.5 million on a budget of US$1.5 million. That same year, she played a crying woman in David Lynch's Japanese-style horror short Darkened Room. In 2004, Ladd took on the role of a suspect in a recent string of murders on a vacationing island in the horror comedy Club Dread, and starred as a mental health facility nurse in the horror Madhouse. Her topless scene in Club Dread ranked 14th in Complex magazine's "15 Best Topless Moments In Mainstream Horror Movies". In 2005, she appeared opposite Anna Faris, Ryan Reynolds and Justin Long in the independent romantic comedy Waiting..., and in 2006, she briefly appeared in David Lynch's film Inland Empire, which also starred her mother. Quentin Tarantino cast her as a wild, partying Texan and the victim of a killer stuntman in Death Proof, his high-speed segment of the double–feature exploitation horror Grindhouse (2007), alongside Rosario Dawson, Tracie Thoms, Zoë Bell, and Kurt Russell. The film flopped at the box office, but attracted significant media buzz and critical acclaim. Director Eli Roth, in his contribution to Grindhouse, worked again with Ladd in a fake promo called Thanksgiving, which she shot "on the fly over" in Prague, where Hostel: Part II was being filmed; in the horror sequel, she played the girlfriend of the sole survivor of the first film. In her next film, the horror Grace (2009), Ladd portrayed a woman, who after a car accident, decides to carry her unborn baby to term anyway. The film was screened on the film festival circuit in North America, to critical acclaim. John Anderson of Variety felt that Ladd played her role with "tongue planted firmly in cheek", in what he described as "a satirical creepfest that mines modern motherhood for all its latent terrors". In 2009, she also starred in the made-for-television film The Wishing Well, as a journalist from New York City who gets sent to a small town in Illinois to report on a legendary wishing well. 2010s Ladd filmed a comedic short film entitled First Dates, exploring the dating scene of several single people. The production premiered at the AFI screening room in Los Angeles on January 8, 2011. She starred in the fantasy romance film Awaken (2012), which premiered at the Newport Beach Film Festival, as a mysterious woman who changes the mundane life of a man. In 2012, she also appeared in the direct-to-DVD disaster film Air Collision, as a stewardess, and in the thriller Murder on the 13th Floor, as a wife who discovers her husband is having an affair with the live-in nanny and decides to seek revenge. In 2015, Ladd guest-starred in an episode of the YouTube horror anthology series Scary Endings, directed by John Fitzpatrick. In 2016, she reunited with Fitzpatrick for the short thriller film Brentwood Strangler, in which she played a lonely woman goes on a blind date with a man who, unbeknownst to her, was replaced by an active and notorious serial killer, opposite Adam J. Yeend and Annika Marks. She was cast in her role, following an introduction from Skypemare actress Cerina Vincent, who Ladd worked with on Cabin Fever. The 19-minute production premiered on film festival circuits in North America and Australia, to a positive critical response. Gruesome Magazine found Ladd to be a "delight" as an "emotionally strong woman who lets her guard down and exposes her vulnerability". In 2017, Ladd starred in the made-for-television thriller Stage Fright, as an opera soprano facing a series of dangers, and in the independent drama Blue Line, as a woman who, along with her best friend, go on a crime spree to rob her abusive husband and escape her marriage. Filmography Film Television References External links American child actresses American film actresses American television actresses Living people Actresses from Hollywood, Los Angeles 20th-century American actresses 21st-century American actresses Ladd family (show business) American people of Jewish descent 1975 births

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Nkomo, Joshua

redirectJoshua Nkomo

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Nkrumah, Kwame

redirectKwame Nkrumah

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Nobel, Alfred

redirectAlfred Nobel

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Noguchi, Hideyo

redirectHideyo Noguchi

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La Plata Astronomical Observatory

The La Plata Astronomical Observatory () is an observatory located in the city of La Plata, capital of the province of Buenos Aires, Argentina. Its IAU code is 839. History La Plata was a planned city, intended as the capital of the province after the city of Buenos Aires became the Argentina's Federal Capital. The observatory was the result of the 1872 establishment of the National Meteorological Bureau, enacted by President Domingo Sarmiento on an initiative by U.S. astronomer Benjamin Apthorp Gould (who lived in Argentina between 1870 and 1885). The construction of the Observatory was funded by a decree passed by La Plata's founder, Buenos Aires Province Governor Dardo Rocha, on 7 May 1881. In this decree the Engineering Department was ordered to set up plans and a budget for several public buildings, including an astronomical observatory. Designed by the master planner of La Plata, Pedro Benoit, ground was broken on the observatory in November 1883. A year earlier, the Paris Observatory had sent astronomical instruments to the city of Bragado, Buenos Aires, to observe a transit of Venus in front of the Sun, for which the location was particularly suitable, and which raised considerable interest in scientific circles. The first director of the new institution was Francisco Beuf, a lieutenant of the French Army and director of the Naval Observatory of Toulon. See also List of astronomical observatories Lists of telescopes References External links Facultad de Ciencias Astronómicas y Geofísicas, Universidad de la Plata (in Spanish) Astronomical observatories in Argentina Buildings and structures in La Plata Education in Buenos Aires Province Infrastructure completed in 1883 Minor-planet discovering observatories National University of La Plata 1883 establishments in Argentina

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Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Sacred Heart School

This page is an archive of the proposed deletion of the article below. Further comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination). No further edits should be made to this page. The result of the debate was keep (no consensus). A very slight majority for deletion, but no consensus. Sjakkalle (Check!) 11:58, 12 August 2005 (UTC) Sacred Heart School, now moved to Sacred Heart School, Halifax, Nova Scotia "Sacred Heart School" gets ~85,000 google hits. It's gonna take an amazing disambiguation page to straighten them all out some day. Not notable. Delete. Or at least rename to something more specific. Or maybe this could be made into a list of all schools named Sacred Heart. -- Mwanner 02:02, August 5, 2005 (UTC) Keep and expand (my comp can't open the PDF prospected so I can't right now). We can move to a better title if need be. Christopher Parham (talk) 03:03, 2005 August 5 (UTC) Delete: no claim to notability, as noted title is less than helpful. The chances of someone search "Sacred Heart School" and intending to get this article are close to zero. 128.112.24.137 03:32, 5 August 2005 (UTC) No longer an issue, thankfully. Factitious 22:04, August 9, 2005 (UTC) Delete until notability established by article.Gateman1997 06:51, 5 August 2005 (UTC) Delete. Drat, and I was hoping for an analysis of the wacked-out education system in New Orleans. Eldereft 08:02, 5 August 2005 (UTC) Delete, there must be 10,000 schools with this name. Disambiguation would be utterly impossible. I'd suggest moving the stub to Sacred Heart School, Halifax, Nova Scotia, but I'd rather see it deleted. Proto t c 09:14, 5 August 2005 (UTC) Keep and expand/disambiguate. Kappa 10:07, 5 August 2005 (UTC) Delete unless you can come up with any schools called Sacred Heart that are notable enough to deserve their own articles, in which case dab them. Dunc|☺ 12:45, 5 August 2005 (UTC) Keep Location established. Notability established. It's a school. Osomec 15:44, 5 August 2005 (UTC) Keep. As Osomec so perceptively puts it, it's a school. Specifically, it's a mixed-sex Catholic school in Halifax, Nova Scotia. --Tony SidawayTalk 16:44, 5 August 2005 (UTC) Delete, non-notable. Nandesuka 17:19, 5 August 2005 (UTC) Move to geography-specific name.--Briangotts (talk) 17:21, 5 August 2005 (UTC) Keep this article and expand, or else merge into a school district article. Arguements about a need for disambiguation don't appear relevant to the question of a need to delete the article on this specific school. — RJH 17:31, 5 August 2005 (UTC) If we're going to keep the article it should be moved to a region specified name. I went to "Sacred Heart School" as a kid but it was in California, not Canada.Gateman1997 18:22, 5 August 2005 (UTC) keep please we do not need to use this place to rename articles Yuckfoo 18:47, 5 August 2005 (UTC) Delete or speedy delete: It's a perfect criterion #1 speedy delete, in my opinion, as a predicate nominative is not an article. At present, this is an answer, a Yellow Pages entry. Further, the article is wildly misnamed. Further, there is nothing here to explain what is unique (other than the address) about it. All the school harpists can go back to sleep, since I know none will actually do some work to affect the improvement, and save your energies for an actual article on a school listed on VfD. Geogre 18:52, 5 August 2005 (UTC) Geogre, poppet-me-pet, could you please indulge me? HOw could an article called Sacred Heart School, written about a school called coincidentally Sacred Heart School, possibly be described as "wildly misnamed"? What name would satisfy you? Wild Hogmistress of the Deeps of the Western Frond Marshes? I'm sorry but I cannot imagine an occasion on which I would regard "Sacred Heart School" as an inappropriate name for an article about a school of that name--I hope you're not joining those advancing lack of disambiguation as a reason for deletion of an article. And then there the other falsehoods you pile on this. You tell us that the article is "a Yellow Pages entry". Well so what? You claim that it's a CSD 1, no it isn't. "No meaningful content or history, text completely meaningless or unsalvageably incoherent (e.g., random characters)". The article is an excellent stub because it's useful, it informs someone who didn't know (I didn't) that there exists a school in Halifax, Nova Scotia, called The Sacred Heart, it's a mixed sex, multiple-age school and the current Canadian leader of the Sacred Heart Society is an alumna. This is not a CSD1 and the fact that you blatantly assert falsehoods in proposing its deletion does not help the case. --Tony SidawayTalk 23:13, 5 August 2005 (UTC) Delete. Content-free article. --Carnildo 19:32, 5 August 2005 (UTC) delete not enough content, can be recreated if necessary when someone has some info to put in article. --Tim Pope 19:45, 5 August 2005 (UTC) Delete this article has no informative content, nor will it probably ever. --jonasaurus 21:20, 5 August 2005 (UTC) Delete not notable. Dejvid 22:51, 5 August 2005 (UTC) Keep, describing schools is necessary to the coverage of education. Kappa 23:04, 5 August 2005 (UTC) Comment did Kappa vote twice? I don't think he would, so maybe a someone trying to confuse the vote? Vegaswikian 05:05, 6 August 2005 (UTC) Oops yes that was me, I forget I already voted. I'll have to be more careful. At least it shows someone is following the discussion. Kappa 12:58, 6 August 2005 (UTC) Keep verifiable and NPOV schools. I think it should have been moved to Sacred Heart School of Halifax, however, as the school website titles it. DoubleBlue (Talk) 23:09, 5 August 2005 (UTC) SimonP has a good point. This was supposed to be a vote on Sacred Heart School, which is a dab now. I vote keep to the dab page as well. DoubleBlue (Talk) 00:22, 7 August 2005 (UTC) Delete until the notable schools by this name have been found, and given better article names anyway. -Splash 23:10, 5 August 2005 (UTC) Delete. •Zhatt• 23:25, August 5, 2005 (UTC) Redirect to Immaculate Conception School. Why the redirect to that school?Gateman1997 00:21, 6 August 2005 (UTC) Keep on building a better Wikipedia. —RaD Man (talk) 01:49, 6 August 2005 (UTC) Delete per the reasons above. Vegaswikian 05:06, 6 August 2005 (UTC) Keep and expand disambig page. - SimonP 12:38, August 6, 2005 (UTC) Keep Salsb 20:49, August 6, 2005 (UTC) Delete as not notable. Jonathunder 02:43, 2005 August 7 (UTC) Keep Important and notable. Unfocused 03:07, 7 August 2005 (UTC) Keep, expand. By the way, you're really not supposed to move articles while a VfD is underway. -- Visviva 11:59, 7 August 2005 (UTC) Delete per Wikipedia:Schools/Arguments. - brenneman(t)(c) 13:54, 7 August 2005 (UTC) Comment: yet again Aaron plays his silly trick of referring to Wikipedia:Schools/Arguments#Delete and piping the link so that it appears to refer to Wikipedia:Schools/Arguments. --Tony SidawayTalk 12:07, 8 August 2005 (UTC) Yes Tony, I was trying to fool those people who either didn't know how to scroll up or would not wonder what that extra text was about. I would have gotten away with it to if it wasn't for those meddling kids! - brenneman(t)(c) 12:22, 8 August 2005 (UTC) One has to wonder why you so desperately wish to obscure the anchor tag however. It makes it appear that you wish for someone to read your rationale and, not clicking the link, believe that Wikipedia:Schools/Arguments shows why this school should be deleted, when, in fact, it shows both sides of the argument. Surely, that is not what you intend but it is how it appears. I agree, btw, that those in favour should anchor their link as well. Perhaps the arguments page should be split into 2 sub-pages. DoubleBlue (Talk) 15:58, 8 August 2005 (UTC) I don't think it would be a good idea to split up the arguments just because Aaron is engaging in abusive and dishonest editing. Let's leave him to it and refuse to let his disgraceful behavior influence the disposition of the page, which is currently perfectly fine. If someone were to transform the headings into unanchored bolds, however, I would not oppose this. This would cause all links to go to the page, in the absence of "#Keep" and "#Delete" anchors. Aaron was not the first person to engage in abusive linking to that page. --Tony SidawayTalk 17:33, 8 August 2005 (UTC) DoubleBlue, I'd like to draw attention to your vote, and the link provided: verifiable and NPOV which actually points to Wikipedia_talk:Fame_and_importance#No. Rather than assuming that you're being devious, I'll keep faith. I'd secondly like to draw your attention to the manner in which Tony has comported himself with regards to editing my votes. I've listed the diffs and made notes on Tony's talk page. I've also shot my mouth off a little there, but being called a "liar", "disgraceful", and "dishonest" tends to piss people off. - brenneman(t)(c) 00:07, 9 August 2005 (UTC) Replied on talk page. DoubleBlue (Talk) 06:12, 9 August 2005 (UTC) Keep Real place --malathion talk 22:46, 8 August 2005 (UTC) Delete. Not all real places are notable. This one isn't. CDThieme 00:34, 9 August 2005 (UTC) Delete. -- Spinboy 00:56, 9 August 2005 (UTC) Keep and major expand. Beta m (talk) Keep. I'm uncertain whether this is a vote on Sacred Heart School or Sacred Heart School, Halifax, Nova Scotia. The former is a useful disambiguation page, and the latter is a useful stub on a verifiable topic. Neither of them causes problems for Wikipedia. I see no reason to delete them. Factitious 22:04, August 9, 2005 (UTC) Keep, as per Factitious. arj 21:46, 10 August 2005 (UTC) Delete per Wikipedia:Schools/Arguments#Delete. Now not ambigious, but still no particuler indication of notability. DES (talk) 23:55, 10 August 2005 (UTC) Delete: not notable. No Account 00:57, 12 August 2005 (UTC) The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.

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Template:Michigan-geo-stub

Michigan stub templates

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Marcel LaFosse

Marcel LaFosse (1894–1969) was a French musician and trumpeter with the Boston Symphony Orchestra. He studied at the Conservatoire de Paris with Alexandre Petit, and was first Accésit in the Conservatory Prix in 1911. Petit wrote for him the last of the 12 Grandes Études. Conductor Sergei Koussevitzky brought LaFosse to the Boston Symphony as second trumpet in 1926. He and his colleague Georges Mager (principal trumpet from 1919 until 1950) were both teachers of well-known trumpeters Roger Voisin, who became principal trumpet with the Boston Symphony Orchestra in 1950, and Adolph Herseth, who was principal trumpet with the Chicago Symphony Orchestra from 1948 until 2001. LaFosse was also teacher to his nephew, André Come who played trumpet with the Boston Symphony from 1957 until 1987. Marcel LaFosse was the brother of André Lafosse, who was trombone teacher at the Conservatoire de Paris, and the author of many pedagogical works. French classical trumpeters Male trumpeters 1894 births 1969 deaths People from Marly-le-Roi Conservatoire de Paris alumni 20th-century classical musicians 20th-century French musicians 20th-century trumpeters 20th-century French male musicians French expatriates in the United States

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Template:Texas-geo-stub

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Noguchi, Isamu

redirectIsamu Noguchi

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Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/"William John Hagan"

This page is an archive of the proposed deletion of the article below. Further comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination). No further edits should be made to this page. The result of the debate was Delete --Allen3 talk 15:28, August 13, 2005 (UTC) "William John Hagan" Vanity Page Lcuff 02:03, 5 August 2005 (UTC) Delete: NN/Vanity. --Ragib 02:49, 5 August 2005 (UTC) Userfy. Also, appears to be a cut and paste from his blog, for which copyright status is unknown. I assume that subject is the author, which brings up questions about notability. --Alan Au 04:03, 5 August 2005 (UTC) Userfy. Same old same old. --Misterwindupbird 10:14, 5 August 2005 (UTC) Delete: NN/Vanity. Tearlach 10:54, 5 August 2005 (UTC) Delete/Userfy vanity/cvcruft. --Etacar11 17:31, 5 August 2005 (UTC) Delete: CV vanity, barbarously named (showing that the contributor didn't bother to read any articles). Geogre 18:56, 5 August 2005 (UTC) Delete NN/vanity/formatting yadda yadda. JDoorjam 19:51, 5 August 2005 (UTC) Delete vanity page. --jonasaurus 21:20, 5 August 2005 (UTC) Delete -- vanity - Longhair | Talk 08:23, 7 August 2005 (UTC) Delete vanity page. --Apyule 07:28, 8 August 2005 (UTC) The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.

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Category:Law enforcement in Afghanistan

Law of Afghanistan Afghanistan Afghanistan

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Noiret, Philippe

redirectPhilippe Noiret

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Category:Michigan geography stubs

Geography Michigan

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Noland, Kenneth

redirectKenneth Noland

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Category:Texas geography stubs

Geography Texas

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Nolde, Emil

redirectEmil Nolde

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Noll, Chuck

redirectChuck Noll

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Cuyultitán

Cuyultitán is a municipality in the La Paz department of El Salvador. Municipalities of the La Paz Department (El Salvador)

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Nollekens, Joseph

redirectJoseph Nollekens

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El Rosario, La Paz

El Rosario is a municipality in the La Paz department of El Salvador. Early history The history of El Rosario begins when it was a plantation called "Hacienda El Rosario", which belonged to Doña Margarita Carballo, and originated from Zacatecoluca. The inhabited village was composed of Ladinos, mulattos, and peasants with a predominantly rural agricultural environment. This plantation was visited as early as 1770 by Monsignor Pedro Larras Cortez, a Spanish Archbishop based in Guatemala, when he came on pastoral visits to the country. El Rosario belonged to the department of San Salvador until February 21, 1852, when the Department of La Paz was established and Zacatecoluca was named as the departmental headquarters whose administrative area was now to include the town of El Rosario while still a part of the Olocuilta district. Title of town By Legislative Decree No 486, dated November 18, 1998, El Rosario obtained the title of city, under the administration of Julio Arevalo Diego Bonilla. The administration of former President Dr. Armando Calderon Sol bestowed the title of City in a solemn public ceremony in the town's Central Park on December 19, 1998. Politics Historically El Rosario has had a Conservative right leaning municipal government in charge, the first being P.C.N. “Partido de Conciliación Nacional” (The Party of National Conciliation) and currently A.R.E.N.A “Alianza Republicana Nacionalista” (The Nationalist Republican Alliance). Julio Arevalo Diego Bonilla of P.C.N. is credited with modernizing the city of El Rosario by implementing the construction of concrete streets and a municipal soccer stadium. External links Take the virtual tour of El Rosario using google maps Municipalities of the La Paz Department (El Salvador)

2381538

Jerusalén, El Salvador

Jerusalén is a municipality in the La Paz department of El Salvador. It was founded by the Cordova family. They were Sephardi Jews who were expelled from Spain. It has a population of 3000 See also Jerusalén, Cundinamarca Municipalities of the La Paz Department (El Salvador)

2381539

Mercedes La Ceiba

Mercedes La Ceiba is a municipality in the La Paz department of El Salvador. Municipalities of the La Paz Department (El Salvador)

2381540

Olocuilta

Olocuilta is a municipality in the La Paz department of El Salvador, just a few kilometers down the highway from Santo Tomás. This town is well known for rice flour pupusas Since it is on the main highway which connects San Salvador with the airport and the other main highway, which goes along the shore, (carretera litoral), it is a popular spot for pupusas, and there are some pupuserias which are open 24 hours. Of course, in some of the pupuserias, it is possible to get them made with corn flour instead. References Municipalities of the La Paz Department (El Salvador)

2381541

Paraíso de Osorio

Paraíso de Osorio is a municipality in the La Paz department of El Salvador. Paraiso de Osorio is a small village in the La Paz department and is the only village in El Salvador to play carambolas. Originally named El Paraiso (The Paradise), Paraiso De Osorio was established in the 19th Century. In 1883 when it officially became a town, it became known as Paraiso de Osorio, in honor of General Rafael Osorio. Municipalities of the La Paz Department (El Salvador)

2381542

San Antonio Masahuat

San Antonio Masahuat is a municipality in the La Paz department of El Salvador. Municipalities of the La Paz Department (El Salvador)

2381543

Nomo, Hideo

redirectHideo Nomo

2381544

San Emigdio

San Emigdio () is a municipality in the La Paz department of El Salvador. Municipalities of the La Paz Department (El Salvador)

2381545

San Francisco Chinameca

San Francisco Chinameca is a municipality in the La Paz department of El Salvador. Municipalities of the La Paz Department (El Salvador)

2381547

San Juan Talpa

San Juan Talpa is a municipality in the La Paz department of El Salvador. Municipalities of the La Paz Department (El Salvador)

2381548

San Juan Tepezontes

San Juan Tepezontes is a municipality in the La Paz department of El Salvador. Its name is a Hispanicization of a Nawat term meaning "many hills." It was incorporated in 1945. Its population as of 2004 was 3,269. The town was severely damaged by earthquakes in 1857 and twice again in January 2001 and in February 2001. References Municipalities of the La Paz Department (El Salvador) 1945 establishments in El Salvador

2381549

John Cecil Masterman

Sir John Cecil Masterman OBE (12 January 1891 – 6 June 1977) was a noted academic, sportsman and author. His highest-profile role was as Vice-Chancellor of the University of Oxford, but he was also well known as chairman of the Twenty Committee, which during the Second World War ran the Double-Cross System, controlling double agents in Britain. Academic background Masterman was born in Kingston upon Thames, and educated at the Royal Naval College, Osborne, and Dartmouth, then at Worcester College, Oxford, where he read modern history. In 1914, at the outbreak of the First World War, he was an exchange lecturer at the University of Freiburg, and as a result spent four years interned as an enemy alien in the Ruhleben internment camp. After his return from captivity, Masterman became a tutor in Modern History at Christ Church, Oxford, where he was also censor (senior tutor) from 1920 to 1926. In the 1920s he became notable as a player of cricket, tennis, and hockey, participating in international competitions, and in 1931 toured Canada with the Marylebone Cricket Club; in Stephen Potter's book Gamesmanship he was acknowledged as a master gamesman. After the Second World War Masterman returned to Oxford, becoming Provost of Worcester College (1946–61), where Ann Mitchell was his secretary until 1949. He was Vice-Chancellor of the University of Oxford during 1957 and 1958. In 1959 he was knighted for his services to education. Two Oxford mysteries An Oxford Tragedy In 1933, he wrote a murder mystery novel entitled An Oxford Tragedy, set in the fictional Oxford college of St. Thomas's. It was written in the point of view of an Oxford don named Francis Wheatley Winn, who was Senior Tutor at St. Thomas'. He served as Watson to the novel's Sherlock Holmes, an amateur sleuth named Ernst Brendel, a Viennese lawyer "of European reputation". In the novel, Brendel delivers a series of lectures to the Law Faculty. He had a good reputation as a detective with the quality of "a man to whom secrets will be confided". When an unpopular tutor was found shot in the Dean's rooms, he took it upon himself to solve the crime. He of course solved the case, and the murderer thus exposed committed suicide. The novel itself was quite unusual for its time in providing an account of how murder affects the tranquil existence of Oxford dons. While it was a variation of the old theme of evil deeds done in a tranquil setting, it did establish the tradition of Oxford-based crime fiction, notably in the works of Michael Innes and Edmund Crispin. The Case of the Four Friends Despite the acclaim that An Oxford Tragedy had garnered, Masterman did not publish a follow-up until 1957. The novel, again starring Ernst Brendel, was called The Case of the Four Friends, which is "a diversion in pre-detection". In the novel, Brendel is persuaded by a group of friends to relate a story of how he "pre-constructed" a crime, rather than reconstructing it as in the conventional manner. As he says, "To work out the crime before it is committed, to foresee how it will be arranged, and then to prevent it! That's a triumph indeed, and is worth more than all the convictions in the world". His tale then was about four men, each of them either a potential victim or potential murderer. The pacing of the story is quite slow and the narrative is interrupted from time to time by discussion between Brendel and his listeners. Even so, the novel maintains its interest on the reader throughout, partly because of the originality of its approach. This novel was the last of his crime stories and he wrote no more works of fiction. However, his best known work was still to come, and it would involve his wartime experiences as part of the Twenty Committee. The Twenty Committee When World War II broke out, Masterman was drafted into the Intelligence Corps. After investigating and producing a report into the evacuation of Dunkirk, Masterman was appointed as a Civil Assistant in MI5. Within MI5 he was the chairman of the Twenty Committee, which was a group of British intelligence officials, including wartime amateurs, who held the key to the Double Cross System, which turned German spies into double agents working for the British. The committee's name was a pun based on the Roman numeral XX and its double-cross purpose. Strictly speaking, the committee was responsible for providing information for the agents to be transmitted to the Abwehr and other German intelligence agencies, deceiving them of Allied intentions and war plans. It was Section B1(a) of MI5, established by Lt. Col. T. A. Robertson, who had the task of finding, turning and handling the agents themselves. Masterman became an Officer of the Order of the British Empire in June 1944. Robertson was also appointed an OBE in the same London Gazette. They are both listed as Civil Assistant, War Office. In November 1945 at the Savoy Hotel in London, Masterman and a select few of B1 (a) section were awarded the Order of the Yugoslav Crown by the exiled King Peter II. Although Masterman ran the system, he credited MI5 with originating the idea. It is widely assumed that the writer Ian Fleming, himself involved in wartime intelligence, adapted Masterman's name for the (female) character of Jill Masterson in his James Bond novel Goldfinger (1959). Revelations Information about the double-cross system remained secret after the war. In 1958 Masterman began pressing the British intelligence establishment for permission to publish a book about it. Roger Hollis, the head of MI5 at that time, refused to authorize publication, as did Prime Minister Alec Douglas-Home. However, Masterman was not to be deterred. Revelations about the Cambridge Spy Ring in the 1960s resulted in low morale throughout the intelligence community, and Masterman felt that the publication of a book about the double-cross system would restore public confidence. He pressed his suit once again on the matter. Masterman also received an Honorary Doctorate from Heriot-Watt University in 1966. In April 1970, when the government again refused, he decided to have it published in the United States, where he felt he would be out of reach of the Official Secrets Act. He was supported by Norman Holmes Pearson, a member of the Yale University faculty, who nominated Yale University Press as publisher. Pearson was more than happy to help Masterman because he also served in the Twenty Committee (though not a member) as the wartime head of the counterintelligence division of the Office of Strategic Services. Yale had contributed many scholars and students to the OSS, and Chester B. Kerr, director of the press, saw the importance of the book historically and commercially. For a time British authorities threatened Masterman with legal action, but in the end bowed to the inevitable and allowed publication, with the proviso that sixty passages in the manuscript be deleted. Kerr would only acquiesce to a dozen. The book, The Double-Cross System in the War of 1939–45, was finally published in February 1972, with a foreword by Pearson, who guardedly did not refer to his work in the committee. Masterman himself wrote the book without revealing anything about Ultra, still highly secret, that greatly aided the double-cross system. The ban on Ultra would be lifted in 1974. Published works An Oxford Tragedy, 1933 (mystery) Fate Cannot Harm Me, 1935 Marshal Ney: A Play in Five Acts, 1937 To Teach the Senators Wisdom, or, An Oxford Guide-Book, 1952 The Case of the Four Friends, 1956 Bits and Pieces, 1961 The Double Cross System in the War of 1939 to 1945, Yale, 1972 (printed privately in 1945) On the Chariot Wheel: An Autobiography, Oxford, 1975. Death On retiring from the Provostship, Masterman moved into a college-owned building on Beaumont Street, which he lived in until his death. He was cremated and his ashes were scattered on the lake of Worcester College. See also List of Vice-Chancellors of the University of Oxford Notes References Masterman, J. C. The Double-Cross System – With an Introduction by Nigel West. Vintage Books, London, 2013. External links An article on J.C. Masterman by Martin Edwards Cricinfo: Sir John Masterman 1891 births 1977 deaths English mystery writers Royal Navy personnel of World War I People educated at the Royal Naval College, Osborne Graduates of Britannia Royal Naval College Military personnel from Surrey Alumni of Worcester College, Oxford Provosts of Worcester College, Oxford Fellows of Christ Church, Oxford Vice-Chancellors of the University of Oxford English cricketers Free Foresters cricketers World War I civilian detainees held by Germany Oxfordshire cricketers Harlequins cricketers English male novelists 20th-century English novelists Officers of the Order of the British Empire British male tennis players 20th-century English historians 20th-century English male writers People from Kingston upon Thames Tennis people from Greater London English male non-fiction writers H. D. G. Leveson Gower's XI cricketers

2381550

San Luis La Herradura

La Herradura is a municipality in the La Paz Department, El Salvador. External links San Luis La Herradura Official Website Municipalities of the La Paz Department (El Salvador)

2381551

San Luis Talpa

San Luis Talpa is a municipality in the La Paz department of El Salvador. It is close to Monseñor Óscar Arnulfo Romero International Airport, which itself is about eight kilometres from the capital, San Salvador. Gallery Municipalities of the La Paz Department (El Salvador)

2381553

San Miguel Tepezontes

San Miguel Tepezontes is a municipality in the La Paz department of El Salvador. It is located in the countryside 25 minutes east of the capital city, San Salvador, and 40 minutes from the International Airport at Comalapa. It overlooks Lake Ilopango, and San Salvador. The municipality has a population of more than 8,000 people, and is a producer of coffee, corn, beans and tropical fruit. Municipalities of the La Paz Department (El Salvador)

2381555

San Pedro Masahuat

San Pedro Masahuat is a municipality in the La Paz department of El Salvador. References Municipalities of the La Paz Department (El Salvador)

2381556

San Rafael Obrajuelo

San Rafael Obrajuelo is a municipality in the department of La Paz, El Salvador. As of 2017 it was estimated to have a population of 11,403. History According to the report of the Intendent of San Salvador Antonio Gutiérrez y Ulloa, in 1807 the estate of Obrajuelo, belonging to the Marquess of Aycinena existed. A prosperous settlement formed in the former state of Aycinena. In mid-nineteenth century, the settlement had achieved notable commercial activity and retained the population required by law to form a new municipality. By the Legislative Decree of March 7, 1882, a town was erected under the name of San Rafael. Although the ereccional decree does not mention it, the new municipality founded in Obrajuelo and San Pedro Martir cantons, jurisdiction of San Juan Nonualco, its naming was considered a tribute for President Rafael Zaldívar, and performed during his tenure. On March 30 of the same year, residents of the new municipality elected their first authorities, chaired by the provincial governor. On 1890, it had a popopulation of 900. Lately, out of habit, it has been called San Rafael Obrajuelo. Information The municipality has an area of 11.01 km², with an elevation of 150 mamsl and 50 km away from San Salvador. It is divided administratively in urban neighborhoods: San José, El Calvario, Concepción, El Centro, Nueva Alianza, and Las Delicias. It is divided in cantons: El Carao La Longaniza La Palma San Jerónimo San José Obrajuelo San Pedro Martir It also has 13 villages: El Centro, El Flor, Los Obrajes, San Jerónimo, Los Paredes, Los Realegeños, Los Alvarado, El Molino, Puente La Chaquina, San Miguel Obrajuelo, El Cobanal, La Palma, and Autopista By 2015, it receives an allocation from FODES of $679,936.80. The festivities are celebrated from October 10 through October 24 in honor of its patron St. Raphael Archangel. Sports The local professional football club is named C.D. Maracaná San Rafael and it currently plays in the Salvadoran Third Division. References Municipalities of the La Paz Department (El Salvador) http://citypopulation.info/php/elsalvador-admin.php?adm2id=0819 https://lapaztimes.com/alcalde-de-san-rafael-obrajuelo-hoy-inicia-una-nueva-era-de-transparencia-y-desarrollo-para-todo-el-municipio/?amp=1

2381557

Amphitheater Public Schools

Amphitheater Public Schools, also known as Amphi or District 10, is the third largest public school district in Tucson, Arizona, in terms of enrollment, with about 13,500 students and a staff of about 2000 employees Amphi was established on July 3, 1893. With its headquarters in Flowing Wells, presently serves segments of North Tucson (an area that is known as Amphitheater), Casas Adobes, Catalina Foothills, and the communities of Oro Valley, eastern Tortolita, and Catalina northwest of the city. District history Following the Mexican–American War of 1848, American pioneers began to settle the Tucson area in increasing numbers. Ranchers and settlers developed homesteads in the rural area northwest of the city along the banks of the Rillito River. The community of Rillito was gradually established, and by 1889 the Rillito School District was organized (later to become the Flowing Wells School District). Rillito residents desired a local school so district children would not be required to travel to the Congress Street School in downtown Tucson. The Rillito School Board proposed a site for a school, but a number of settlers asserted that the proposed location was as undesirable as the Congress Street School. These settlers resided on the eastern edge of the Rillito School District and eventually petitioned the Pima County Board of Supervisors to establish an independent school district. On July 3, 1893, Amphitheater Public Schools became a reality. According to Amphitheater High School graduate and historical writer for the Arizona Daily Star newspaper, David Leighton, the founding board members were rancher and assayer Edward L. Wetmore (the Wetmore family is the namesake of Wetmore Road in North Tucson), homesteader and carpenter Levi Marston Prince (namesake of Prince Road in North Tucson), and rancher Joseph D. Andrews. The district's unique name relates to the geography of the Tucson basin. J. D. Andrews looked north toward the Tortolita Mountains and the Santa Catalina Mountains, east to the Rincon Mountains, south to the Santa Rita Mountains, and west to the Tucson Mountains and was reminded of an enormous amphitheater. The original Amphitheater School opened in October 1893 with 11 students. In 1904, the district opened a permanent school building on the southeast corner of East Prince Road and North First Avenue in Tucson. Due to decreased enrollment, the school closed temporarily in 1910, quickly reopening with the enrollment increase. A final site for Amphitheater School was selected and the new school opened in 1913 at the present site of L. M. Prince School and Amphitheater Middle School on East Prince Road near North Stone Avenue. The school expanded to include four additional classrooms in 1924. By 1928, the district established the Amphitheater Carnival, an annual community event that endured until 1958. By 1934 district enrollment had grown to over 500 students from 48 students in 1919. By the 1930s, district residents desired the establishment of a district high school rather than continuing to send district high school students to Tucson High School in the Tucson Unified School District located near the University of Arizona in central Tucson. Using a combination of state and federal (Works Progress Administration) funding, Amphitheater High School was completed in 1939 on East Prince Road under the direction of E.C. Nash, the district's first superintendent appointed in 1937. Amphitheater High School became Tucson's second high school. The Amphi district experienced gradual population growth, ultimately being dubbed Tucson's first suburb in the 1930s by the Arizona Daily Star newspaper. As residential and commercial growth progressed northward along the Oracle Road corridor, additional school sites were developed. The district boundaries and population continued to expand with the growth of the Tucson area, and by 1942, the district extended north of the Rillito River into the foothills of the Santa Catalina Mountains north of Tucson. By 1943, the district boundaries were finalized and extended north to the Pima County line. Dramatic growth transformed the district in the 1950s from a rural district into one of relatively urban character. Marion Donaldson was hired as district superintendent in 1951 and served in such a capacity until 1967, directing the development of the district. Donaldson brought innovation in educational programs that received national recognition and also championed the construction of new schools in a community with a very limited tax base. A new junior high school was constructed with federal funds and later bond money, opening on September 8, 1952. In 1955, the junior high on West Yavapai Road became the campus for Amphitheater High School and the old senior high school building on East Prince Road became Amphitheater Junior High School. The tremendous growth in the Tucson area following World War II in the 1950s prompted changes in the district. A divide gradually emerged in the district between the urban neighborhoods of North Tucson and the increasingly affluent suburbs north of the Rillito River. There was a continuing effort to purchase land for future school sites in the face of rising land costs in the foothills of the Santa Catalina Mountains. In 1955 a parcel northwest of North Oracle Road and West Ina Road cost the district $7,000 and was considered too far north and too costly. The parcel became the site of Winifred Harelson School in 1960. In 1958, Lawrence W. Cross became the assistant superintendent for the district. The construction of Walker School in 1963 north of the Rillito River brought the "open classroom" and educational innovations to the district under the leadership of Evelyn Carswell as principal. The concept for learning at Walker School was focused on the individual student and individualized schedules, small and large group settings, and an ungraded school. These innovations brought national attention to the Amphitheater District, but eventually these changes were perceived as too radical and a return to more traditional educational structure was the final outcome. Beginning in the fall of 1962, the Canyon del Oro School opened at the base of Pusch Ridge in the Santa Catalina Mountains serving as a middle school and later the district's second high school (beginning in the fall of 1964). CDO's first graduating class was in the summer of 1968. Population growth continued in the district as additional schools opened. By 2001, the district opened a third high school (Ironwood Ridge High School) to meet the growth needs in Oro Valley and the north side of the district. At present, Amphi has a current enrollment of about 13,500 students across the district. Only Tucson Unified School District and Sunnyside Unified School District enroll more students in the Tucson metropolitan area. Amphi is an economically diverse district, serving disadvantaged communities in North Tucson, and affluent communities in Oro Valley and the Catalina Foothills. Nine-year-old Christina-Taylor Green, a student at Mesa Verde Elementary, died in the 2011 Tucson shooting. The school provided grief counselors in response to the event. Note: The Wetmore family and L. M. Prince were both featured in David Leighton's popular weekly column, Street Smarts, Sept. 18, 2012, and August 20, 2013, in the Arizona Daily Star newspaper. District schools The following schools are part of Amphitheater Public Schools: References External links David Leighton, "Street Smarts: Wetmores had deep roots in north-side area", Arizona Daily Star, September 18, 2012 David Leighton, "Street Smarts: Prince Road namesake a benefactor to many local schools", Arizona Daily Star, August 20, 2013 School districts in Pima County, Arizona Education in Tucson, Arizona School districts established in 1893 1893 establishments in Arizona Territory

2381558

San Pedro Nonualco

San Pedro Nonualco is a municipality in the La Paz department of El Salvador. Municipalities of the La Paz Department (El Salvador)

2381560

Nono, Luigi

redirectLuigi Nono

2381561

Santa María Ostuma

Santa María Ostuma is a municipality in the La Paz department of El Salvador. Municipalities of the La Paz Department (El Salvador)

2381562

Santiago Nonualco

Santiago Nonualco is a municipality in La Paz department of El Salvador. "Nonualco" means tribe of mutes ("tribo de mudos") in the native Nahuat language. There are three "Nonualcos" in the area, the other two are San Juan Nonualco and San Pedro Nonualco. Santiago Nonualco is a relatively poor community even by El Salvadoran standards. The primary historical economic activity has been subsistence farming and the cultivation of sugar cane, providing back-breaking work for those willing to bake in the sun swinging their "corvos," curved tobacco-knife like machetes, for a couple of dollars a day. Currently there are very few employers in the area. Santiago Nonualco has a small central market, a few modest stores (tiendas), diners (comedores), bars, doctor's office, pharmacy, a couple of dentists, a small bank (casa de credito), some lawyers, and not much else. The nearest factories are located near the airport at El Pedregal, about 25 minutes away by bus. Warrior son Santiago Nonualco has one famous native son, one warrior. Anastasio "Indio" Aquino, gained fame leading an uprising against the Spanish in 1832-3. He led his insurgency from a cave located just north of what is now El Salvador International Airport. "La cueva de Indio Aquino" (Indio Aquino's cave) is a little-visited site located in Cerro El Tigre overlooking the Jiboa River and the airport. After a seven-month-long rebellion, Indio Aquino was captured and executed by firing squad in San Vicente. References External links Santiago Nonualco official website Municipalities of the La Paz Department (El Salvador)

2381563

Tapalhuaca

Tapalhuaca is a municipality in the La Paz department of El Salvador. Municipalities of the La Paz Department (El Salvador)

2381565

Zacatecoluca, Zacatecoluca, La Paz

Zacatecoluca () is the capital municipality of the La Paz Department of El Salvador. Located in Southern El Salvador, in the Rio Lempa valley, at the foot of San Vicente (Chinchotepec) Volcano. A commercial center for the surrounding agricultural area, it also trades in cotton goods, baskets, salt, and lumber. History An earthquake in 1932 caused severe damage. Zacatecoluca was the birthplace of José Simeón Cañas, who fought for and secured the emancipation of slaves in Central America by Spaniards in 1825. Zacatecoluca houses many traditional Spanish buildings including the Santa Lucia Catholic Church and used to hold the house where José Simeón Cañas lived, until poor economy due to the many years of war caused the local government to sell the house to a supermarket branch, the house was destroyed and a poorly marked stone on the left of the supermarket entrance is all that is left of Cañas' housing legacy. Santa Lucia Catholic Church holds a dear history to the people of Zacatecoluca, as an image of Virgin Mary placed on top is said to have stopped an eruption of lava and ash from completely destroying the city and its local population. On May 11, 1844, Zacatecoluca received the title of Generous and Loyal City becoming the Departmental Head of La Paz on February 21, 1852. Geography Climate Sports The local professional football club is named Platense and they are former national league champions. They currently play in the Salvadoran First Division. Gallery References Municipalities of the La Paz Department (El Salvador)

2381567

Janelle Pierzina

Janelle Marie Pierzina (born January 10, 1980) is an American reality show personality known for her appearances on the sixth, seventh, fourteenth, and twenty-second seasons of the reality show Big Brother and the thirty-first season of The Amazing Race. In 2022, Pierzina was a co-winner of the USA Network competition series Snake in the Grass. Career 2005–2022: Appearances in reality television shows In 2005, Pierzina was one of fourteen contestants on Big Brother 6. Her secret partner was former roommate, Ashlea Evans. Pierzina came in third, being evicted on September 16, 2005, Day 76. Pierzina also starred in the documentary Nautical Angels. Before appearing on Big Brother, Pierzina was an actress, model, and cocktail waitress. In the summer of 2006, Pierzina was chosen by the viewers to participate in Big Brother 7: All-Stars and entered the house on July 3, 2006. Pierzina was eventually evicted on Day 67, again taking third place and becoming a member of the seven-contestant jury. On September 12, 2006, the final day of Big Brother 7:All-Stars, Pierzina was named the winner of the final America's Choice vote, a $25,000 prize to a jury member. Popular with fans, Pierzina won every America's Choice award during Big Brother 6. In September, 2007, Pierzina returned to host the Power Of Veto competition in the Big Brother 8 house. On August 9, 2008, in the Big Brother 10 house, Pierzina again returned to participate in the week's food competition. Along with other BB alumni, including Mike "Boogie" Malin and Danielle Reyes, Janelle returned to Big Brother in September 2009 for a roundtable discussion of Big Brother 11. In 2012, Pierzina returned once again to the Big Brother house for the show's 14th season. She was the fourth contestant evicted. After her appearance on Big Brother All Stars, Pierzina won the VH1 Big Reality Star of '06 award. She was named the biggest "winner" of Big Brother by BuddyTV based on number of combined Head of Household and Power of Veto competition victories during her first two seasons with 12.5. She competed on the 31st season of The Amazing Race with her teammate Britney Haynes, another former contestant from Big Brother. They were the fourth team eliminated from the race. In August 2020, it was announced that Pierzina would once again be a houseguest for Big Brother 22: All-Stars, which is also the series' second All-Stars season. She was the third contestant to be evicted. In 2022, Pierzina appeared on the reality competition series Snake in the Grass, where she competed with teammates Rachel Reilly, Cirie Fields, and Stephenie LaGrossa Kendrick. She was the co-winner with Fields and Reilly. Personal life In 2000, Pierzina was convicted of a misdemeanor DWI infraction in Minnesota, for which she was fined and sent to an alcohol-awareness program. In 2001 she was charged with and pleaded guilty to misdemeanor theft from Macy's, for which she was fined. Pierzina is now a real estate agent in Minnesota for Edina Realty. In August 2013, Pierzina gave birth to her second child, a boy. In April 2014, Pierzina confirmed that she was expecting her third child. In September 2014, she gave birth to a girl. Filmography Awards and nominations References External links 1980 births American female models American people convicted of theft American women television personalities Big Brother (American TV series) contestants Living people People from Grand Rapids, Minnesota

2381570

Jerzy Kawalerowicz

Jerzy Franciszek Kawalerowicz (19 January 1922 – 27 December 2007) was a Polish film director and politician, having been a member of Polish United Workers' Party from 1954 until its dissolution in 1990 and a deputy in Polish parliament since 1985 until 1989. Life and career Kawalerowicz was born in Gwoździec, Poland, as one of the few Poles living in an ethnically-mixed Ukrainian and Jewish town. Kawalerowicz's father's family originated from Armenia, originally having the surname Kavalarian. Jerzy Kawalerowicz was noted for his powerful, detail-oriented imagery and the depth of ideas in his films. After working as an assistant director, he made his directorial debut with the 1951 film The Village Mill (Gromada). He was a leading figure in the Polish Film School, and his films Shadow (Cień, 1956) and Night Train (Pociąg, 1959) constitute some of that movement's best work. Other noted works by Kawalerowicz include Mother Joan of the Angels (Matka Joanna od Aniołów, 1961) for which he was awarded the Jury Prize at the 1961 Cannes Film Festival, and a 1966 adaptation of Bolesław Prus' historical novel, Pharaoh (Faraon), which was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film. In 1955 Kawalerowicz was appointed head of the prestigious KADR production unit. He held that position again in 1972. He always resisted pressures from the communist administration to produce propaganda films. His studio produced some of the best Polish films by Andrzej Wajda, Tadeusz Konwicki and Juliusz Machulski. In 1969 he was a member of the jury at the 6th Moscow International Film Festival. In 1975 he was a member of the jury at the 9th Moscow International Film Festival. In 1976 he was the head of the jury at the 26th Berlin International Film Festival. Two years later, his film Death of a President won the Silver Bear for an outstanding artistic contribution at the 1978 festival. At the 11th Moscow International Film Festival he was a member of the jury and was awarded with the Honourable Prize for the contribution to cinema. He died on 27 December 2007 in Warsaw. His last film, Quo Vadis, had the largest budget for a Polish movie as of 2011. Selected filmography The Village Mill (Gromada, 1952) Celuloza (1953) Under the Phrygian Star (Pod gwiazdą frygijską, 1954) Shadow (Cień, 1956) The Real End of the Great War (Prawdziwy koniec wielkiej wojny, 1957) Night Train (Pociąg, 1959) Mother Joan of the Angels (Matka Joanna od Aniołów , 1961) by short story of Jarosław Iwaszkiewicz Pharaoh (Faraon, 1966) by novel of Bolesław Prus The Game (Gra, 1968) Maddalena (1971) Death of a President (Śmierć prezydenta , 1977) Encounter on the Atlantic (Spotkanie na Atlantyku, 1980) Austeria (The Inn) (1983) The Hostage of Europe (Jeniec Europy, 1989) by novel of Juliusz Dankowski (Bronsteins Kinder, 1991) Why? (Za co?, 1995) by short story of Leo Tolstoy Quo Vadis? (2001) by novel by Henryk Sienkiewicz See also List of Poles Cinema of Poland References External links 1922 births 2007 deaths Film people from Warsaw Polish people of Armenian descent Polish film directors German-language film directors Recipients of the Gold Medal for Merit to Culture – Gloria Artis Recipients of the Order of the Banner of Work Knights of the Order of Polonia Restituta Commanders of the Order of Polonia Restituta Grand Crosses of the Order of Polonia Restituta Politicians from Warsaw People from Ivano-Frankivsk Oblast

2381571

Comic Book Artist

Comic Book Artist was an American magazine founded by Jon B. Cooke devoted to anecdotal histories of American comic books, with emphasis on comics published since the 1960s. It was published by TwoMorrows Publishing and later Top Shelf Productions from 1998–2005. Its sequel is Comic Book Creator magazine which started publishing in 2013 and is also published by TwoMorrows. Comic Book Artist primarily used lengthy interviews with the artists, writers, editors and publishers who contributed to the indigenous American art form, often featuring the first comprehensive histories of such comics publishers as Warren Publishing, Charlton Comics, Tower Comics, Gold Key Comics, and Harvey Comics, though emphasis was given as well to industry leaders DC Comics and Marvel Comics. History Founding Comic Book Artist began publication in 1998 as an offshoot of the magazine The Jack Kirby Collector, flagship periodical of Raleigh, North Carolina's TwoMorrows Publishing. With that periodical devoted to a single comics creator, associate editor Jon B. Cooke proposed a sister magazine devoted to other professionals who contributed to the American comics industry, particularly those who worked between the 1960s and 1980s. The first issue premiered with a Spring 1998 cover date. Most issues are each devoted to a single publisher's comics and the creators responsible within, by way of multiple interviews and oral histories to form overall impressions of a specific era. The first five issues sported a "flip-side" magazine that revived the fondly remembered 1960s fanzine Alter Ego, founded by Dr. Jerry Bails and devoted to superhero comics. Former Marvel Comics writer and editor-in-chief Roy Thomas, who in the '60s had succeeded Bails as editor and subsequently purchased the magazine's rights, returned as editor of this new version, dubbed Volume Two. In 1999, Alter Ego again became its own magazine, which has continued past 100 issues. The first several issues of Comic Book Artist were collected into three trade paperback volumes that also include new material. Move to Top Shelf In 2002, after 25 issues, the magazine and editor-owner Cooke – who is also a book designer and layout artist – left TwoMorrows for a new publisher, Top Shelf Productions, in Atlanta, Georgia. Comic Book Artist volume two debuted in July 2003 with a redesigned format, square binding, and a color section, "Comic Book Artist Classic", that continued the thematic focus of volume one. Top Shelf published six issues of Comic Book Artist volume two, but have not released a new issue since 2005. Awards The Will Eisner Comics Industry Award ("The Eisner") for "Best Comics-Related Periodical" 2000, 2002, 2004, 2005 Harvey Award, 2005, "Best Historical or Journalistic Presentation" References External links Official site at TwoMorrows Publishing Jon B. Cooke webpage at Top Shelf Productions (with most of Comic Book Artist vol2), archive.org 2015 archive of Official site at Top Shelf 1998 establishments in North Carolina 2005 disestablishments in Georgia (U.S. state) Comics zines Defunct magazines published in the United States Eisner Award winners for Best Comics-Related Periodical/Journalism Magazines about comics Magazines established in 1998 Magazines disestablished in 2005 Magazines published in Atlanta Magazines published in North Carolina Mass media in Raleigh, North Carolina Quarterly magazines published in the United States Top Shelf Productions titles Visual arts magazines published in the United States

2381573

KBBT

KBBT (98.5 FM, "98.5 The Beat") is a rhythmic contemporary radio station serving the San Antonio, Texas area, but is licensed to Schertz. This station is owned by Uforia Audio Network under licensee Univision Radio Illinois, Inc. The station's studios are located in Northwest San Antonio and the transmitter site located in the unincorporated Bexar County near Government Canyon Park. Station history KBBT originally launched as country outlet KBOP-FM at 98.3 and licensed to Pleasanton, Texas, in 1968. They later changed call letters to KBUC in 1993 but kept the Country format intact. In 1998 Univision, seeking to tap into a unique Hispanic audience that was non-Spanish speaking, very contemporary and influenced by present-day trends, acquired KBUC and applied for a city of license change to Schertz and a frequency switch to 98.5 to cover the San Antonio Metropolitan area, which was approved in early April 2000. On September 29, 2000, Univision officially launched KBBT, the company's first non-Spanish formatted outlet in San Antonio (outside of bilingual-speaking Tejano sister station KXTN-FM and later on, Active Rock turned Top 40 KLTO), where it shot up to number one in the ratings and has retained that position since its inception. From the beginning, KBBT's musical formula, which started under its first program director J. D. Gonzalez, has centered on Hip-Hop/R&B hits, tailor-made for San Antonio, and in particular its large mix of teens, females, young adults, and bilingual Hispanic audiences. This formula has also served as the catalyst for the demise of the first KTFM, and later on, KCJZ/KPWT. Another defunct station, KSJL-FM, played hip-hop and R&B under the urban contemporary format throughout the 1990s until it switched frequencies in 1998 and took a more adult direction as KSJL-AM. In 2010, KBBT phased in Rhythmic pop tracks, but at the same time continued to stick to its hip-hop/R&B formula as it faces competition from Top 40/CHR rivals KXXM and a new version of KTFM. It also embraced EDM as well, launching a weekly program that aired late Saturday nights/Sunday mornings. Morning shows Before 2002, KBBT had a morning show involving Danny B, Rude Dogg and others. In 2002, KBBT launched The Morning Mess, hosted by Xavier 'The Freakin' Rican' Garcia, Castro and Biggie Paul. The show was renamed to Xavier's World around 2008. On October 20, 2015, Xavier's World Morning Show was taken off the air due to corporate-wide budget cuts, ending their 13-year run. On November 9, 2015, a new morning show debuted on KBBT titled The Dana Cortez Show, hosted by Dana Cortez and Anthony A. On August 20, 2018, the show moved to rival KTFM; on August 23, KBBT became the San Antonio affiliate of the syndicated Breakfast Club. The show would be dropped on August 3, 2020; after a period of mornings running jockless, KBBT added Wake Up with Rico & Carmen, hosted by Raul 'Rico' Colindres and his alter-ego Carmen (the voice behind the syndicated feature "Carmen's Calls"), in January 2021. The show was dropped in September 2021; in January 2022, The Dana Cortez Show returned to mornings. Morning Shows on KBBT Danny B and others in the morning, (2000-2002) The Morning Mess, later renamed to The Xavier's World Morning Show (2002-2015) (moved to KVBH) The Dana Cortez Show (2015-2018) (moved to KTFM) The Breakfast Club (2018-2020) Wake Up with Rico & Carmen (2021–2022) The Dana Cortez Show (2022–present) Current On-Air Staff Val Santos (formerly from KPEZ) Hamm "Hammburger" (Music Director / DJ) Former On-Air Staff Danny B Xavier Castro (now at KVBH) Biggie Paul Rude Dogg Lady K Romeo (Tejano Nation) Dionna in La Manana Valencia Robbie Rob Anthony Almanzar (now at KTFM) Brandi Garcia DJ Ocean KBBT-HD2 In 2008, KBBT-HD2 simulcasted KLTO-FM (now KZAR) broadcasting an active rock format on 97.7. In early 2011, KLTO changed the format to a Top 40/Dance station, branded as "Party 97.7". This would last until KZAR was sold in the latter half of 2011, then KBBT HD2 went dark. As of May 2023, the HD signal for KBBT HD 1 returned to air and KBBT HD2 now offers Latino Mix, a latin hits station. References External links 98.5 The Beat BBT Rhythmic contemporary radio stations in the United States Univision Radio Network stations Radio stations established in 1980

2381575

Noble Gases

redirectNoble gas

2381577

Elvis in Concert (album)

Elvis in Concert is the live album released by RCA Records in October 1977 in conjunction with the television special of the same name which featured some of the final performances of American singer and musician Elvis Presley. Videotaped and recorded in June 1977, both the special and album were broadcast and released on October 3, (the single "My Way"/"America the Beautiful" was released the same day) six weeks after Presley's death. The album peaked at No. 5 on the Billboard chart in late 1977. It was certified Gold and Platinum on October 14 and 3× Platinum on August 1, 2002, by the RIAA. Background The performances in the TV special were recorded over two days at concerts in Omaha on June 19 and Rapid City, South Dakota June 21, 1977. The recordings were produced by Longtime RCA Victor/Elvis producer Felton Jarvis. According to Elvis: The Illustrated Record by Roy Carr and Mick Farren, the shows were taped with the intent of producing a television special, but Presley's deteriorating physical condition put the project on hold. After his death in August, it was decided to proceed with the special as a tribute. Although both the June 19 and 21 concerts are the last official live performances of Elvis professionally recorded by RCA Records, Vernon Presley, Elvis' father, recorded a message that was broadcast at the end of the special (and included on the soundtrack album), in which he erroneously states that the special featured his son's last live appearance; in fact Elvis made five more concert appearances after the performances in the special. Elvis' final concert was in fact on Sunday, June 26, 1977, at the Market Square Arena in Indianapolis, Indiana. No professional recording of this last performance has ever been officially issued, but bootlegs of amateur recordings have. Content During the special, Presley performs a selection of his hits, along with songs not normally associated with him. Although it was a regular part of his repertoire for years, Presley requires a lyric sheet when he performs Paul Anka's "My Way" (noted for its opening lyric, "And now the end is near/And so I face the final curtain"). He appears to lose his train of thought during "Are You Lonesome Tonight?", although some have made the case that Elvis regularly played around with the words during the spoken portion of the song when performing it on stage, rather than it being a case of poor memory. Indeed, a concert recording of Presley similarly joking around during the monologue section of "Are You Lonesome Tonight?" dating from 1969 has been reissued by RCA several times (dubbed the "Laughing Version", it even made the UK charts after Presley's death), and he also poked fun at the song during his 1968 Comeback Special. Nonetheless, the documentary This is Elvis uses this performance to illustrate Presley's poor condition at the time and in the actual Elvis in Concert broadcast, the show cuts away to a fan who speaks about Elvis, obscuring the flubbed recitation. The soundtrack album was issued as a 2-record set, including a second disc of performances that were not included in the TV special. On May 22, 1992, the album was reissued on a single compact disc. Unfortunately, the CD reissue barely improved on the somewhat poor sound quality of the original LP release. Professional reviews AllMusic gave the album a negative review, but conceded that "this album is not a standout Elvis concert. What it is, however, is a vitally important piece of Elvis lore." Their review went on to say that the record is "Elvis Presley's least effort, as well as his last." Track listing Disc 1 Elvis Fans Comments (Pt. 1)/Opening Riff "Also Sprach Zarathustra" "See See Rider" "That's All Right" "Are You Lonesome Tonight?" "Teddy Bear"/"Don't Be Cruel" Elvis Fans Comments (Pt. 2) "You Gave Me a Mountain" "Jailhouse Rock" Elvis Fans Comments (Pt. 3) "How Great Thou Art" Elvis Fans Comments (Pt. 4) "I Really Don't Want To Know" Elvis Introduces his Father "Hurt" "Hound Dog" "My Way" "Can't Help Falling in Love" Closing Riff/Special Message from Elvis's Father Disc 2 "I Got A Woman/Amen" Elvis Talks "Love Me" "If You Love Me (Let Me Know)" "'O Sole Mio/It's Now or Never" "Trying to Get to You" "Hawaiian Wedding Song" "Fairytale" "Little Sister" "Early Morning Rain" "What'd I Say" "Johnny B. Goode" "And I Love You So" Personnel Elvis Presley – vocals, acoustic guitar on "That's All Right" and "Are You Lonesome Tonight" James Burton – lead guitar John Wilkinson – rhythm guitar Charlie Hodge – acoustic guitar, vocals Jerry Scheff – bass guitar Ronnie Tutt – drums Tony Brown – piano Bobby Ogdin – electric piano, clavinet The Sweet Inspirations, The Stamps Quartet, Kathy Westmoreland, Sherrill Nielsen – vocals Joe Guercio – orchestra Chart performance Certifications References External links Elvis Presley live albums Albums produced by Felton Jarvis Live albums published posthumously 1977 live albums RCA Records live albums et:Elvis in Concert pt:Elvis in Concert fi:Elvis in Concert sv:Elvis in Concert

2381592

Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Ogdru Jahad

This page is an archive of the proposed deletion of the article below. Further comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination). No further edits should be made to this page. The result of the debate was KEEP. -Splash 19:56, 11 August 2005 (UTC) Ogdru_Jahad Comic book fancruft. Lazyhound 02:12, 5 August 2005 (UTC) Keep. No worse than other cruft, and article seems to be reasonable. --Alan Au 04:12, 5 August 2005 (UTC) Keep. We have 4,000 words on the Romulans, why stop there? I have only read a little Hellboy so I am uncertain as to how spoileriffic this is, but it might need a plot-elements revealed warning. Eldereft 08:08, 5 August 2005 (UTC) Redirect to Hellboy. Doesn't even need to be a VfD. Proto t c 09:16, 5 August 2005 (UTC) Keep. Kappa 10:06, 5 August 2005 (UTC) Keep as per WP:FICT. -- Lochaber 12:48, 5 August 2005 (UTC) Keep. Main behind-the-scenes villains in Hellboy. Considering the amount of fourth-stringers from Marvel Comics and DC Comics, this is a lot more important storywise. --Pc13 17:08, 5 August 2005 (UTC) Keep As per above. --jonasaurus 21:23, 5 August 2005 (UTC) True enough, and it's better than giving them each an individual entry. Keep. DS 22:11, 5 August 2005 (UTC) The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.

2381595

Tavio Amorin

Tavio Ayao Tobias Amorin (20 November 1958 – 29 July 1992) was a Togolese socialist politician. He led the Pan-African Socialist Party, the ideology of which was influenced by such figures as Marcus Garvey, Kwame Nkrumah and Cheikh Anta Diop. Amorin was born in Lomé. He was a member of the High Council of the Republic, formed in 1991 as the transitional legislature, and eventually became President of political and human rights affairs. He was also Permanent Secretary of the Coordination of the democratic opposition in Togo (CODII in French). Being an outspoken opponent to President Gnassingbe Eyadema's dictatorial regime, Amorin was shot in the streets of Lomé by two unidentified men believed to be security force agents on July 23, 1992. First taken to a hospital in town, he was then evacuated in a critical state to a Paris hospital. He died in Paris a few days later on July 29. He was 33 years old. Early life and career Born November 20, 1958, in Lomé, Tavio Ayao Tobias Amorin was educated at the Catholic School of Koketime primary and secondary at the College Saint - Joseph in Lomé, sanctioned by a science graduate in 1977. Left for France, he obtained a DEUG in Sciences before moving on to the computer. He specialized in industrial systems at the University of Orsay. After having been Consultant in organization of business in France for a few years, Tavio Amorin moved to Ivory Coast. It is through general amnesty in 1991 obtained by the people and the street the young leader returned to Togo to take part in the political life of democratic renewal. He launched into political battle by setting up the Pan-African Socialist (PSP) party with other adventurous youth: Jean - Claude Edoh Ayanou, me Wakilou Maurice Gligli, Francis Agbagli and becomes by his enthusiasm and originality, the attraction of the National Conference of July–August 1991 to the Fazao room in Lomé. Political commitment Young and authentic patriotic, keen on politics, Marxist school, Tavio Amorin was underestimated by the old political hacks that made him noticed his lack of experience in the Togolese political microcosm. So that poverty is not a flaw or a fatality for many of his compatriots, the leader of the PSP advocated proactive correction of structural imbalances. For all citizens, he dreamt of equal opportunities to the culture and jobs. Tavio Amorin wanted to invent a new future. He had exceptional moral and intellectual qualities that predispose it to overcome his ideas. Courageous and far-sighted, Tavio Amorin wanted to reduce the enslavement of the people. By helping the Togolese to regain their dignity. The first national Secretary of the party socialist PanAfrican much bothered supporters of the established order. He didn't make the new with the old corrupt politicos. Bold and perilous adventure that will cost him life. On Thursday, July 23, 1992, at Tokoin - Gbonvie, a district of Lomé, capital Togo, he was assaulted by Togolese Police and succumbed to his injuries in a Paris hospital on July 29, 1992. Pan-Africanist, Tavio Amorin was favourable to the creation of the United States of Africa. Fighter supreme, thirsty for democracy, Tavio Amorin was able to quench his thirst for freedom. August 20, 1992, he was buried in the cemetery of the beach in Lomé. Thirteen years after this sordid murder, despite left clues about the place of the package by the attackers, they were never worried. No further action is given until then to the complaint filed by the bereaved family to the courts. References 1958 births 1992 deaths Assassinated Togolese politicians Deaths by firearm in Togo Togolese democracy activists People murdered in Togo Pan-African Socialist Party politicians 1990s assassinated politicians

2381600

Loyalsock

Loyalsock may refer to the following places: Loyalsock Creek, a tributary of the West Branch Susquehanna River in Pennsylvania Loyalsock Trail, a hiking trail along Loyalsock Creek Loyalsock State Forest, a Pennsylvania State Forest Loyalsock Township, Lycoming County, Pennsylvania See also

2381604

Paul Fry (professor)

Paul Fry is the William Lampson Professor of English at Yale University, a specialist in British Romantic poetry. He received his BA from the University of California, Berkeley and his Ph.D. from Harvard University. Major publications Wordsworth and the Poetry of What We Are Yale University, 2008 The Poet's Calling in the English Ode Yale University Press, 1980 Melville Cane Award of the Poetry Society in America. Reviews, in British Journal of Aesthetics 1981 21(2):178-180; The Reach of Criticism: Method and Perception in Literary Theory Yale University Press, 1984, William Empson: Prophet Against Sacrifice Routledge, 1990 A Defense of Poetry: Essays on the Occasion of Writing Stanford Univ Press, 1996 Review: by Kolb, Jack in Philosophy and Literature - Volume 20, Number 2, October 1996, pp. 522–524 (edited), "The Rime of the Ancient Mariner" Bedford-St. Martins, 1999 "Ezra Stiles's Idea of a University" Journal of Aesthetic Education, Vol. 36, No. 3 (Autumn, 2002), pp. 4–8 At Yale, he was master of Ezra Stiles College from 1995 to 2002. References External links Paul Fry's Profile at Yale University In 2009, Professor Fry delivered a semester-long course on the Theory of Literature, which can be viewed here and here. University of California, Berkeley alumni Harvard University alumni American academics of English literature Yale University faculty Living people Year of birth missing (living people)

2381605

Coalesced hashing

Coalesced hashing, also called coalesced chaining, is a strategy of collision resolution in a hash table that forms a hybrid of separate chaining and open addressing. Separate chaining hash table In a separate chaining hash table, items that hash to the same address are placed on a list (or "chain") at that address. This technique can result in a great deal of wasted memory because the table itself must be large enough to maintain a load factor that performs well (typically twice the expected number of items), and extra memory must be used for all but the first item in a chain (unless list headers are used, in which case extra memory must be used for all items in a chain). Example Given a sequence "qrj," "aty," "qur," "dim," "ofu," "gcl," "rhv," "clq," "ecd," "qsu" of randomly generated three character long strings, the following table would be generated (using Bob Jenkins' One-at-a-Time hash algorithm) with a table of size 10: This strategy is effective, efficient, and very easy to implement. However, sometimes the extra memory use might be prohibitive, and the most common alternative, open addressing, has uncomfortable disadvantages that decrease performance. The primary disadvantage of open addressing is primary and secondary clustering, in which searches may access long sequences of used buckets that contain items with different hash addresses; items with one hash address can thus lengthen searches for items with other hash addresses. One solution to these issues is coalesced hashing. Coalesced hashing uses a similar technique as separate chaining, but instead of allocating new nodes for the linked list, buckets in the actual table are used. The first empty bucket in the table at the time of a collision is considered the collision bucket. When a collision occurs anywhere in the table, the item is placed in the collision bucket and a link is made between the chain and the collision bucket. It is possible for a newly inserted item to collide with items with a different hash address, such as the case in the example in the image when item "clq" is inserted. The chain for "clq" is said to "coalesce" with the chain of "qrj," hence the name of the algorithm. However, the extent of coalescing is minor compared with the clustering exhibited by open addressing. For example, when coalescing occurs, the length of the chain grows by only 1, whereas in open addressing, search sequences of arbitrary length may combine. The cellar An important optimization, to reduce the effect of coalescing, is to restrict the address space of the hash function to only a subset of the table. For example, if the table has size M with buckets numbered from 0 to M − 1, we can restrict the address space so that the hash function only assigns addresses to the first N locations in the table. The remaining M − N buckets, called the cellar, are used exclusively for storing items that collide during insertion. No coalescing can occur until the cellar is exhausted. The optimal choice of N relative to M depends upon the load factor (or fullness) of the table. A careful analysis shows that the value N = 0.86 × M yields near-optimum performance for most load factors. Variants Other variants for insertion are also possible that have improved search time. Deletion algorithms have been developed that preserve randomness, and thus the average search time analysis still holds after deletions. Implementation Insertion in C: /* htab is the hash table, N is the size of the address space of the hash function, and M is the size of the entire table including the cellar. Collision buckets are allocated in decreasing order, starting with bucket M-1. */ int insert ( char key[] ) { unsigned h = hash ( key, strlen ( key ) ) % N; if ( htab[h] == NULL ) { /* Make a new chain */ htab[h] = make_node ( key, NULL ); } else { struct node *it; int cursor = M-1; /* Find the first empty bucket */ while ( cursor >= 0 && htab[cursor] != NULL ) --cursor; /* The table is full, terminate unsuccessfully */ if ( cursor == -1 ) return -1; htab[cursor] = make_node ( key, NULL ); /* Find the last node in the chain and point to it */ it = htab[h]; while ( it->next != NULL ) it = it->next; it->next = htab[cursor]; } return 0; } One benefit of this strategy is that the search algorithm for separate chaining can be used without change in a coalesced hash table. Lookup in C: char *find ( char key[] ) { unsigned h = hash ( key, strlen ( key ) ) % N; if ( htab[h] != NULL ) { struct node *it; /* Search the chain at index h */ for ( it = htab[h]; it != NULL; it = it->next ) { if ( strcmp ( key, it->data ) == 0 ) return it->data; } } return NULL; } Performance Deletion may be hard. Coalesced chaining avoids the effects of primary and secondary clustering, and as a result can take advantage of the efficient search algorithm for separate chaining. If the chains are short, this strategy is very efficient and can be highly condensed, memory-wise. As in open addressing, deletion from a coalesced hash table is awkward and potentially expensive, and resizing the table is terribly expensive and should be done rarely, if ever. References Hashing Articles with example C code

2381606

Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Kellan fabjance

This page is an archive of the proposed deletion of the article below. Further comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination). No further edits should be made to this page. The result of the debate was SPEEDIED by Geogre. Closing. Essjay · Talk 10:50, August 6, 2005 (UTC) Kellan fabjance Vanity. --malathion talk 02:15, 5 August 2005 (UTC) Speedy. I was going to tag it as a speedy under WP:CSD A7. This is an elementary school () "novelist" vanity article. TenOfAllTrades(talk) 02:19, 5 August 2005 (UTC) Speedy per TenOfAllTrades. Ken 02:27, August 5, 2005 (UTC) Speedy: as above. --Ragib 02:48, 5 August 2005 (UTC) A7 Speedy. While the subject is claimed to be a famous novellist and web designer, no evidence is presented for either statement. Capitalistroadster 06:03, 5 August 2005 (UTC) Speedy As per above. --jonasaurus 21:24, 5 August 2005 (UTC) The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page..

2381607

Norfolk (Virginia)

redirectNorfolk, Virginia

2381609

Yorimitsu

Yorimitsu is a masculine Japanese given name. Possible writings Yorimitsu can be written using different combinations of kanji characters. Here are some examples: 頼光, "rely, light" 頼満, "rely, full" 依光, "to depend on, light" 依満, "to depend on, full" The name can also be written in hiragana よりみつ or katakana ヨリミツ. Notable people with the name (948–1021), Japanese warrior and character of folklore (1480–1540), Japanese samurai and daimyō Japanese masculine given names Masculine given names

2381611

Norman (Oklahoma)

redirectNorman, Oklahoma

2381612

WBMX

WBMX (104.3 FM, 104.3 Jams) is a commercial radio station in Chicago, Illinois, serving the Chicago metropolitan area and Northwest Indiana. The station is owned by Audacy, Inc. and airs a classic hip hop radio format. WBMX's studios and offices are located at Two Prudential Plaza in the Chicago Loop. The station has an effective radiated power (ERP) of 4,100 watts, with its transmitter atop the Willis Tower (formerly Sears Tower). WBMX broadcasts in the HD Radio format, with its HD2 signal simulcasting the sports radio format on co-owned WSCR. From 1974 to 1988, the call letters WBMX were held by 102.7 FM, licensed to Oak Park, Illinois (now Urban AC station WVAZ). On December 4, 2017, the call letters were transferred from Boston to 104.3 FM in Chicago. History WSEL The station began broadcasting in September 1953, holding the call sign WSEL. It aired beautiful music, light classical music, recorded music and show tunes along with news reports. The station had an ERP of 40,000 watts, and its transmitter was located atop Chicago's Randolph Tower. WSEL was owned by Chicago Skyway Broadcasting Company. A previous station in Chicago had briefly operated on 104.3 MHz in 1949. WCFL-FM, owned by the Chicago Federation of Labor, broadcast from 3 to 9 p.m. as a 400-watt simulcast of WCFL, but the owners surrendered the station's license, as it was not profitable. In 1958, WSEL's transmitter was moved to the Willoughby Tower at 8 South Michigan Avenue. In 1960, the station was sold to Plough Broadcasting for $50,000, and it was taken silent. WJJD-FM The station returned to the air January 2, 1961, with its call sign changed to WJJD-FM. It was co-owned with 1160 WJJD by Plough Broadcasting. At the time, 1160 WJJD was a daytimer. WJJD-FM initially aired classical music, show tunes, folk music, and jazz. On February 15, 1965, WJJD adopted a country music format, and WJJD-FM simulcast 1160 WJJD, with WJJD-FM continuing WJJD's country programming after sunset. In 1971, the station's transmitter was moved to the Prudential Building, and its ERP was reduced to 14,100 watts. WJEZ In February 1977, the station's call sign was changed to WJEZ'. The station adopted a "beautiful country" format, playing easy listening country music, with large amount of instrumentals, in an approach patterned on the beautiful music format. In September 1978, the station adopted a "modern country" format, with a playlist that was approximately 80% country, 20% adult contemporary. The station was branded "Z-104". In 1982, WJEZ gained competition as WUSN also adopted a country format. At that point, WJJD 1160 adopted an adult standards format, known as "The Music Of Your Life". In 1984, Infinity Broadcasting acquired WJEZ and WJJD for $13.5 million. Oldies era In early August 1984, the station adopted an oldies format as "Magic 104" and its call sign was changed to WJMK. Dick Biondi was the first disc jockey heard on "Magic 104". Ron Britain was also one of WJMK's original DJs. Initially, "Magic 104" included a few currents in its playlist, but by early 1985, all songs from the current decade were dropped, with the station playing music from the 1950s, 1960s, and early 1970s. In 1987, the station's transmitter was moved to the Sears Tower, and its ERP was reduced to 4,100 watts. In 1991, the station's moniker was changed to "Oldies 104.3". In early September 1993, John Records Landecker joined WJMK as morning drive DJ, remaining with the station until 2003. In 1996, Infinity Broadcasting was purchased by the parent company of CBS. In 1999, with competition from the new Jammin' Oldies format of WUBT, WJMK increased the number of 1970s songs playing 3 to 4 per hour on the station while reducing the number of 1950's songs to about 2 per hour, and playing a total number of pre-1964 to about 3 per hour. The station added several dozen 80's songs playing about 1 every 2 hours. By 2002, the station would replace the All Request Saturday Night oldies show with a 1970s and early 80s program. On February 15, 2002, WJMK returned to its former moniker, "Magic 104.3", and its playlist was shifted to include more 1980s music, while further reducing the music played from the '50s and early '60s. In July 2003, the station once again changed monikers, going back to "Oldies 104.3" and its playlist was refocused on music of the '60s and '70s. In 2004, the station dropped the "Oldies" moniker and became known simply as "104.3 WJMK" with the slogan "The Greatest Hits of the 60s and 70s". Jack FM On June 3, 2005, at 4 p.m., WJMK switched to an adult hits format known as "Jack FM" at the same time veteran oldies station WCBS-FM in New York City made the same switch. The station had a 1980s centric playlist, along with some titles from the 1960s, 1970s, 1990s, and 2000s. It usually had no live DJs and instead used sarcastic remarks voiced by Howard Cogan during breaks. Though WJMK's previous oldies format continued to be streamed online and on the WJMK's second HD Radio subchannel, complaints about WJMK's switch were numerous. In July 2006, in a cost-cutting move by CBS Radio, the entire DJ staff of WJMK-HD2 was laid off. Shortly thereafter, 94.7 WZZN, which had recently switched to an oldies format, hired several of WJMK's former airstaff. With a format change on WCKG from hot talk to adult contemporary, Steve Dahl and Buzz Kilman moved to WJMK to host mornings on November 5, 2007. Dahl was dismissed on December 5, 2008. With the exception of Dahl and Kilman, Chicago's Jack FM had no live personalities. WJMK's ratings plummeted after the switch to Jack FM, and the station saw further ratings erosion when Bonneville International debuted "Rewind 100.3" (a mostly 1980s-based format) on rival WILV in June 2010. K-Hits On March 10, 2011, CBS Radio announced the station would return to their previous classic hits format as "104.3 K-Hits", setting the time of relaunch for the following Monday, March 14, at 1:04 p.m.; at 12:30 that afternoon, after playing "Goodbye to You" by Scandal, the station began stunting with a 34-minute montage of songs and pop culture clips, demarked year by year from 1966 to 1989; at the time promised, "K-Hits" was then launched with "Beginnings" by, fittingly, Chicago. Chicago radio personalities Ed Volkman and Joe "Bohannon" Colborn (Eddie and JoBo) hosted the station's morning show, along with Gary Spears in middays, Bo Reynolds in afternoon drive time and George McFly heard in the evening. Weekend hosts included Tommy Edwards, Ken Cocker, and John Calhoun. Eddie and JoBo were released on December 6, 2012, with the station citing low ratings as the main factor. Mornings were then hosted by Dave Fogel, formerly of WLS-FM. Tommy Edwards retired from radio on September 12, 2014. The rest of the station's final airstaff included Brian Peck in middays and Jeffrey T. Mason in afternoon drive. In its last year, WJMK primarily played music from the 1970s and 1980s. 104.3 Jams On February 2, 2017, CBS Radio announced it would merge with Entercom. The merger was approved on November 9, 2017, and was consummated on November 17. On November 17, at 10 a.m., after playing "The Long and Winding Road" by The Beatles and "Changes" by David Bowie, WJMK began stunting with sound effects and clips of a man giving occasional comments, such as "What's going on here?" and "It's almost time to start." One hour later, WJMK flipped to classic hip-hop, branded as "104.3 Jams", which began with an introduction by legendary rapper, actress, radio DJ, and station voice MC Lyte. The first song on "Jams" was "Hypnotize" by The Notorious B.I.G. Entercom applied to move the WBMX call sign to 104.3 from its sister station in Boston to match the new format; the change took effect on December 4, 2017. The WBMX call letters had previously been used by new rival WVAZ from 1974 to 1988. In addition to WVAZ, WBMX also competes with WPWX and WGCI in the urban radio market. WBMX is the second station in Chicago to use the "Jams" moniker, the first station being WEJM in the mid-1990s. References External links Radio stations established in 1953 1953 establishments in Illinois BMX Classic hip hop radio stations in the United States Audacy, Inc. radio stations

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1907 Tour de France

The 1907 Tour de France was the fifth running of the annual Tour de France, one of cycling's Grand Tours. From 8 July to 4 August, the 93 cyclists cycled 4488 km (2,788 mi) in fourteen stages around France. The winner, Lucien Petit-Breton, completed the race at an average speed of 28.47 km/h (17.69 mi/h). For the first time, climbs in the Western Alps were included in the Tour de France. The race was dominated at the start by Émile Georget, who won five of the first eight stages. In the ninth stage, he borrowed a bicycle from a befriended rider after his own broke. This was against the rules; initially he received only a small penalty and his main competitors left the race out of protest. Georget's penalty was then increased and Lucien Petit-Breton became the new leader. Petit-Breton won two of the remaining stages and the overall victory of the Tour. Innovations and changes The 1907 Tour de France incorporated 14 stages, which was one more than in 1906. For the first time, roads in Switzerland were included. The mountain stages in 1906 had been so successful, according to the organiser Henri Desgrange, that the western Alps were included in the race for the first time. The 1907 race was also the first time that a car with bicycle repairmen drove behind the riders, to give assistance in solving mechanical problems on bicycles. As in 1906, the race was decided by a points system. At the end of every stage, the winner was given one point, the next cyclist two points, and so on. After the eighth stage, when there were only 49 cyclists left in the race, the points given in the first eight stages were redistributed among the remaining cyclists, according to their positions in those stages. Participants René Pottier, the winner of the 1906 Tour de France, did not defend his title because he had committed suicide in early 1907. Although the riders officially rode the Tour as individuals, some shared the same sponsor and cooperated as if they rode in teams. At the start of the race, it was expected that the riders sponsored by Alcyon and the riders sponsored by Peugeot would compete for the overall victory. Alcyon started with three main contenders: Louis Trousselier, Marcel Cadolle and Léon Georget; Peugeot counted on Emile Georget. As in the previous years, there were two classes of cyclists, the coureurs de vitesse and the coureurs sur machines poinçonnées. Of the 93 cyclists starting the race, 82 were in the poinçonnée category, which meant that they had to finish the race on the same bicycle as they left, and if it was broken they had to fix it without assistance. The coureurs de vitesse could get help from the car with bicycle repairmen when they had to fix a bicycle, and when a bicycle was beyond repair, they could change it to a new one. Not all cyclists were competing for the victory; some only joined as tourists. The most notable of them was Henri Pépin. Pépin had hired two riders, Jean Dargassies and Henri Gauban, to ride with him. They treated the race as a pleasure ride, stopping for lunch when they chose and spending the night in the best hotels they could find. Dargassies and Gaubin became the first cyclists in the history of the Tour de France to ride not for their own placings but for another rider's interest. During the race, they found another Tour de France competitor, Jean-Marie Teychenne, lying in a ditch. They helped him get up and fed him; from then on Teychenne also helped Pépin. Race overview Early in the race, Trousselier, François Faber and Emile Georget were the main contenders. Trousselier, winner of the 1905 Tour de France and eager to win again, won the first stage. In the second stage, the Tour passed the French-German border to finish in Metz, which was then part of Germany. The German authorities allowed the cyclists to finish there, but did not allow the French flag to be flown or the cars of race officials to enter the city. At the end of the stage, Emile Georget seemingly beat Trousselier with a very small margin. After inquiry, Desgrange, the Tour's organiser, decided to put both cyclists in first place, to keep both sponsors satisfied. In the third stage, the Tour returned to France; at the border, the riders were stopped by two French customs officers and the delay took so long that the stage had to be restarted. During the stage in the Alps, Émile Georget was better than his competitors; he won the stage and became leader of the general classification. Georget won five of the first eight stages, and had a commanding lead. In the seventh stage, Marcel Cadolle, at that time in second place, fell and his handlebar penetrated his knee, after which he had to give up. During the ninth stage, when Georget was leading the race, he broke the frame of his bicycle at a checkpoint. According to the rules, Georget should have fixed his bicycle alone; he knew this would take him more than five hours, so he switched bicycles with Pierre-Gonzague Privat. This was against the rules, so Georget was given a fine of 500 francs. After this stage, won by Petit-Breton, the general classification was as follows: Unsatisfied with the fine given to Georget, Trousselier and the other riders sponsored by Alcyon left the Tour in protest. After the tenth stage, the organisers gave Georget an additional penalty for the bicycle change in the ninth stage. They changed the classification of the ninth stage, moving Georget from 4th on the stage to last (48th place). This effectively cost him 44 points in the general classification and moved him from first to third place. The new classification, after the tenth stage, was Lucien Petit-Breton became the new leader of the race. Although he had already finished in fifth place and fourth place in previous years, he was still relatively unknown, and had started in the coureurs sur machines poinçonnées category. Petit-Breton finished in the top three in the next stages, so no other cyclist was able to challenge him for the overall victory. At the end of the race, he had increased his lead to a margin of 19 points ahead of Garrigou and 27 points ahead of Georget. Results Stage results In the first and final stages, the cyclists were allowed to have pacers. General classification Although 110 riders were on the starting list, 17 did not show up, so the race started with 93 cyclists. At the end of the Tour de France, 33 cyclists remained. The cyclists officially were not grouped in teams; some cyclists had the same sponsor, even though they were not allowed to work together. The total prize money was 25000 French francs, of which 4000 francs were given to Petit-Breton for winning the Tour. In total, he received more than 7000 francs. Other classifications Lucien Petit-Breton was also the winner of the "machines poinçonnées" category. The organising newspaper l'Auto named Emile Georget the meilleur grimpeur. This unofficial title is the precursor to the modern-day mountains classification. Aftermath Petit-Breton also started the 1908 Tour de France. He won five stages and the general classification, and became the first cyclist to win the Tour de France two times. Notes References Bibliography External links Tour de France Tour de France by year Tour de France Tour de France Tour de France Tour de France

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Mobile phone operator

A mobile phone operator, wireless provider, or carrier is a mobile telecommunications company that provides wireless Internet GSM services for mobile device users. The operator gives a SIM card to the customer who inserts it into the mobile device to gain access to the service. There are two types of mobile operators: a mobile network operator (MNO) which owns the underlying network and spectrum assets required to run the service. a mobile virtual network operator (MVNO) which buys wholesale service from an MNO and sells on to its own customers. (and for years before), the world's largest individual mobile operator by subscribers is China Mobile with over 835 million mobile subscribers. Over 50 mobile operators have over 10 million subscribers each, and over 150 mobile operators had at least one million subscribers by the end of 2009. In February 2010, there were 4.6 billion mobile subscribers, a number that is estimated to grow. Total mobile‐cellular subscriptions reached almost 6 billion by end 2011, corresponding to a global penetration of 86% . History Prior to 1973, cellular mobile device technology was limited to devices installed in cars and other vehicles. The first fully automated telephone calling system for vehicles was launched in Sweden in 1960, called MTA (mobile telephone system A). Calls from the car were direct dial, whereas incoming calls required an operator to determine which base station the device was currently at. In 1962, an upgraded version called Mobile System B (MTB) was introduced. In 1971, the MTD version was launched, opening for several different brands of equipment and gaining commercial success. The network remained open until 1983 and still had 600 customers when it closed. In 1958, development began on a similar service in the USSR, the Altay system for motorists. In 1963, the service started in Moscow, and by 1970, was deployed in 30 cities across the USSR. Versions of the Altay system are still in use today as a trunking system in some parts of Russia. In 1959 a private telephone company located in Brewster, Kansas, US, the S&T Telephone Company, (still in business today) with the use of Motorola radio telephone equipment and a private tower facility, offered to the public cellular telephone services in that local area of NW Kansas. In 1966, Bulgaria presented the pocket mobile automatic telephone RAT-0,5 combined with a base station RATZ-10 (RATC-10) on Interorgtechnika-66 international exhibition. One base station, connected to one telephone wire line, could serve up to six customers. One of the first successful public commercial mobile phone networks was the ARP network in Finland, launched in 1971. On April 3, 1973, Martin Cooper, a Motorola researcher and executive, made the first analog mobile phone call using a heavy prototype model. He called Dr. Joel S. Engel of Bell Labs. The first commercially automated cellular network (the 1G generation) was launched in Japan by NTT in 1979. The initial launch network covered the full metropolitan area of Tokyo's over 20 million inhabitants with a cellular network of 23 base stations. Within five years, the NTT network had been expanded to cover the whole population of Japan and became the first nationwide 1G network. Several other countries also launched 1G networks in the early 1980s including the UK, Mexico and Canada. In the 1990s, the 'second generation' (2G) mobile phone systems emerged, primarily using the GSM standard. In 1991, the first GSM network (Radiolinja) launched in Finland. American and Canadian wireless providers tend to subsidize phones for consumers but tend to require 2 or 3-year contracts, while Asian and European providers sell the phone at full cost while the monthly fees charged are lower. See also Mobile telephony List of mobile network operators Mobile virtual network operator Telephone company List of telephone operating companies References Mobile technology

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Norwalk (California)

redirectNorwalk, California

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Marco Ruas

Marco Antônio de Lima Ruas (; born 23 January 1961) is a Brazilian former mixed martial arts fighter, submission wrestler, kickboxer and instructor. Ruas was the UFC 7 Tournament Champion, and also competed for the World Vale Tudo Championship (WVC), PRIDE Fighting Championships and the International Fight League, where he head-coached the Southern California Condors. Ruas is a pioneer of Mixed martial arts, having fought in a high-profile Vale Tudo bout in 1984, and later winning the UFC 7 tournament in 1995, begin the second Brazilian UFC champion and fourth overall of the organization. Although he was billed as a representative of Luta Livre and thus a high-level submission grappler, he was an equally capable and skilled Muay Thai striker with experience in Capoeira, Boxing, and Taekwondo. He was able to synthesize both grappling and striking into one style, known for begin one of the first proponents of cross-training to compete in mixed martial arts events, and is considered one of the very first well-rounded fighters and true "mixed martial artist". This is represented by his famous quote after winning his fight in WVC 4: "If you grapple me, I punch and kick you. If you punch and kick me, I grapple you. There's no way out." Ruas transformed his style in his own hybrid martial art which he called "Ruas Vale Tudo". In some later events, his fighting style was simply billed as "Vale Tudo". Biography Ruas was born in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil in 1961. He started his career training Boxing, Taekwondo, Judo, and Capoeira, the latter with renowned José Tadeu Carneiro Cardoso in Rio de Janeiro at the Santa Luzia club, downtown Rio. However, his primary martial arts eventually became Luta Livre, which he trained under Roberto Leitão Sr., and Muay Thai, which he trained under Luiz Alves, a student of Nélio "Naja" Borges, the man who introduced Thai boxing to Brazil. As a black belt in Luta Livre, who faced up a legendary quarrel against the Brazilian Jiu-Jitsu fighters in the 1980s and 1990s. In 1984, he participated of the Noite das Artes Marciais ("Night of the Martial Arts") event, fought by representatives of BJJ against representatives of Muay Thai, Kung Fu, Kickboxing and Luta Livre. Ruas represented muay Thai fighting a match against BJJ representative Fernando Pinduka, he used his Luta Livre skills to counter Pinduka's grappling and the match went to draw. After the match against Pinduka, he started training in Brazilian jiu-jitsu with Osvaldo Alves. Later he trained Joe Moreira before his fight against the Russian boxer Yuri Vaulin. Seeing his good skills in grappling, Moreira gave him a black belt in Brazilian jiu-jitsu and caused a commotion and controversy among his fellow Brazilians, due the rivalry between the two martial arts. His instructors included Euclydes Hatem. Eventually, Ruas became famous among the Brazilian martial arts circle and one of the most regarded non-BJJ fighters in Brazil due his philosophy of Cross-Training and in synthesizing all martial arts he knew for both Vale Tudo contests and self-defense into a new hybrid martial art he dubbed "Ruas Vale Tudo". However, this philosophy also caused controversy among Brazilian fighters and he was labelled as a Creonte by not only BJJ but also by Luta Livre fighters. In 1991 he was going to participated in Desafio - Jiu Jitsu vs Luta Livre, an event fought as a challenge between fighters from the two martial arts, Ruas was cast to fight BJJ representative Amaury Bitetti but cancelled his participation and Bitetti was declared winner by W.O. Instead, in 1992 he promoted his own event in Manaus where he defeated Francisco Borges with a rear naked choke. Eventually he attracted the attention of Brazilian manager and fight promoter Frederico Lapenda and was able to get the 34-year-old fighter into the Ultimate Fighting Championship. Ruas debuted in the Ultimate Fighting Championship at the UFC 7 event in 1995. At the event, he was billed representing "Vale Tudo". He firstly faced Larry Cureton, who outweighed him by 40 lbs, but Ruas submitted him with a heel hook after a methodical grapple. His next opponent was the judoka Remco Pardoel, who early tried a guillotine choke, but Ruas blocked it and grinded him with foot stomps. After a failed heel hook attempt, Ruas controlled Pardoel and attacked him with knees and punches on the ground, making him tap out. Ruas's final fight was against 6'8", 330 lb Paul Varelans, and he showed his muay thai skills by overwhelming Varelans with punch combos and repeated leg kicks. He also used again his characteristic foot stomps when Paul clinched him against the cage. At the end, Varelans could not take more kicks to his legs and fell to the ground, where Ruas pounded him until the referee stopped the fight, giving Ruas the victory of the tournament. Thanks to his victory in UFC 7, Ruas was invited to the Ultimate Ultimate event. He defeated Keith Hackney by choke with ease, but his next opponente, Oleg Taktarov, made a tougher contest. Both fighters used a passive approach to the fight, with Ruas blocking Taktarov's takedown attempts and seizing all the opportunities to strike him, actually making him bleed profusely. However, the judges gave the decision win to Taktarov, and Ruas was eliminated from the tournament. This decision was met with controversy, and Ruas and his cornermen appealed to the referee, but nothing came from it. In 1996 he joined the nascent World Vale Tudo Championship (WVC) organized by his manager Frederico Lapenda, fighting in the superfight against UFC 3 Tournament Champion Steve Jennum in Tokyo, Japan. He won easily with a submission to punches and won the WVC Superfight belt. Almost a year after his last UFC fight, he faced Taktarov again in Brazil, in a bout with no judges. The rematch ended in a draw, but Ruas was clearly the most dominating fighter, and he shook hands with Oleg after the fight. He kept the WVC Superfight belt in the process. He finished his run in the organization with his last superfight against UFC 2 finalist Patrick Smith in the WVC 4 event, easily winning with a heel hook. Ruas briefly joined the stable of Antônio "Sebastião" Lacerda, a wealthy man from the north of Brazil and self-proclaimed "Master of Death" who appeared in Rio de Janeiro in 1996 claiming to have spent a long period of time in Japan learning "the deadly art of Yawara." Despite his dubious credentials, Lacerda was able to recruit some established competitors into his sect, including Ruas and Edson Carvalho, a judo national team member and a Carlson Gracie black belt. Seeking opportunities to compete professionally, Ruas began training with Lacerda after Lacerda promised to take him to lucrative competitions abroad, on the condition that he agree to merge his style of vale tudo with Lacerda's techniques. Ruas parted ways with Lacerda when he began to question the effectiveness of Lacerda's techniques and practices, but Carvalho continued participating in Lacerda's challenge, constantly attacking not only jiu-jitsu but all fighting styles. He was then invited to PRIDE Fighting Championships in 1998, he first had a match against UFC veteran Gary Goodridge at PRIDE 2, winning with a heel hook after a 9-minute bout. At PRIDE 4 he fought Japanese shoot wrestler Alexander Otsuka. In a major upset, Otsuka fought with tenacity, taking Ruas down and performing ground-and-pound, defending a fully locked rear naked choke and forcing a TKO by medical stoppage in the second round. It was later revealed that Ruas fought under medication for Hepatitis and a knee injury. He returned briefly to UFC to fight former heavyweight champion Maurice Smith in UFC 21, but lost by TKO. Ruas suffered an injury in the first round and could not continue. Around that time, Ruas started to transition from a fighter into a full-time coach, teaching his own "Ruas Vale Tudo" style for a new generation of fighters. Some of his students include UFC light-heavyweight contender Pedro Rizzo and Strikeforce light-heavyweight champion Renato Sobral. He also coached UFC Featherweight Champion José Aldo in Luta Livre, awarding him a black belt in the art, and Aldo was also coached striking and leg kicks by Pedro Rizzo, some of Ruas' own fighting style can be seen in Aldo's. At this point semi-retired, in 2001 Ruas defeated Jason Lambert at Ultimate Pankration in California in less than 1 minute with a heel hook. Marco Ruas was invited to participate in the newly formed MMA promotion International Fight League (IFL). This promotion would be divided into different teams (later becoming simply MMA camps) instead of one-on-one affairs, and at the end one of the seasons one of the teams/camps was crowned champion. Ruas coached the "Southern California Condors" team, later simply known as "Ruas Vale Tudo". He also came out from retirement and had one rematch against Maurice Smith (which coached the IFL's "Seattle Tiger Sharks") as the superfight for the IFL: Chigaco event in 2007, which he lost by TKO with a stoppage by his corner. Marco Ruas then fully retired from the sport with a record of 9 wins, 4 losses and 2 draws. Personal life Ruas is married and has three daughters. Marco's first recorded fight was in 1984. Marco's nickname is "The King of the Streets" (Ruas actually means "streets" in Portuguese). Marco lives in Laguna Niguel, California where he operates his own MMA gym "Ruas Vale Tudo". Feud with Rickson Gracie Ruas developed a feud with Rickson Gracie, both were one of the most skilled and high-profile grapplers of their time, and represent two rival styles that were feuding at the time: Luta Livre and Gracie Jiu-Jitsu. The rivalry started in 1988 when promoters tried to match both fighters to a Vale Tudo match. However, Hélio Gracie refused, demanding either that Rickson received a higher payment or that the bout happened inside the Gracie Academy, which were both rejected, so the fight didn't take place. Gracie claims that he then went to Ruas' academy to challenge him. Ruas accepted it but requested four months to train instead of fighting right away in the gym, Gracie denied it since he would leave Brazil to the United States before that. Ruas however, denies this version, saying that he was ready for a fight, but actually Gracie wanted to fight "Luta Livre guys" and Hélio Gracie who was accompanying Rickson said Ruas wasn't a "real Luta Livre fighter" due his open advocacy of cross-training. A few of Ruas' teammates also joined in and the discussion got heated up and Hélio said "Maybe we should make a list of people who want to fight Rickson", one of the fighters who accepted the challenge was Hugo Duarte, who would have his own scraps with Gracie. A few years later, both Rickson Gracie and Marco Ruas would gain international fame, Rickson Gracie became winner of the Vale Tudo Japan tournaments in '94 and '95, and headlined Pride 1 and Pride 4, while Ruas became UFC 7 and WVC champion. Rickson became a big celebrity in Japan and in the burgeoning international MMA scene. He became controversial for criticizing other top fighters and said in interviews that Marco Ruas as "nothing special" and "basic". Ruas responded by saying "Talk is cheap. He has to step up in the ring and prove what he says." and issued multiple challenges against Gracie along the years, claiming he was avoiding him as well as other actually skilled fighters. In the end however, no fight was ever materialized between them. In popular culture Ruas made a cameo appearance as a jealous husband in Kickboxer 3, in which his character fought and lost to Sasha Mitchell's David Sloane at a party. Instructor lineage Luta Livre Roberto Leitão Sr. → João Ricardo N. de Almeida → Marco Ruas Roberto Leitão Sr. → Marco Ruas Brazilian Jiu-Jitsu Mitsuyo Maeda → Carlos Gracie → Helio Gracie → Francisco Mansur → Joe Moreira → Marco Ruas Mitsuyo Maeda → Carlos Gracie → Reyson Gracie → Osvaldo Alves → Marco Ruas Judo Jigoro Kano → Soshihiro Satake → Vinícius Ruas → Marco Ruas Capoeira Manuel dos Reis Machado → José Tadeu Carneiro Cardoso → Marco Ruas Muay Thai Nelio Naja → Luiz Alves → Marco Ruas Taekwondo Won Jae Lee → Marco Ruas Championships and accomplishments Ultimate Fighting Championship UFC 7 Tournament Champion Ultimate Ultimate 1995 Semi-Finalist UFC Viewers Choice Award World Vale Tudo Championship WVC Superfight Championship (one time) Mixed martial arts record |- | Loss |align=center| 9–4–2 | Maurice Smith | TKO (corner stoppage) | IFL: Chicago | |align=center| 4 |align=center| 3:43 | Chicago, Illinois, United States | |- | Win |align=center| 9–3–2 | Jason Lambert | Submission (heel hook) | Ultimate Pankration 1 | |align=center| 1 |align=center| 0:56 | Cabazon, California, United States | |- | Loss |align=center| 8–3–2 | Maurice Smith | TKO (corner stoppage) | UFC 21 | |align=center| 1 |align=center| 5:00 | Cedar Rapids, Iowa, United States | |- | Loss |align=center| 8–2–2 | Alexander Otsuka | TKO (corner stoppage) | Pride 4 | |align=center| 2 |align=center| 10:00 | Tokyo, Japan | |- | Win |align=center| 8–1–2 | Gary Goodridge | Submission (heel hook) | Pride 2 | |align=center| 1 |align=center| 9:09 | Yokohama, Japan | |- | Win |align=center| 7–1–2 | Patrick Smith | Submission (heel hook) | World Vale Tudo Championship 4 | |align=center| 1 |align=center| 0:39 | Brazil | |- | Draw |align=center| 6–1–2 | Oleg Taktarov | Draw | World Vale Tudo Championship 2 | |align=center| 1 |align=center| 31:12 | Brazil | |- | Win |align=center| 6–1–1 | Steve Jennum | TKO (submission to punches) | World Vale Tudo Championship 1 | |align=center| 1 |align=center| 1:44 | Tokyo, Japan | |- | Loss |align=center| 5–1–1 | Oleg Taktarov | Decision | rowspan=2|Ultimate Ultimate 1995 | rowspan=2| |align=center| 1 |align=center| 18:00 | rowspan=2|Denver, Colorado, United States | |- | Win |align=center| 5–0–1 | Keith Hackney | Submission (rear naked choke) |align=center| 1 |align=center| 2:39 | |- | Win |align=center| 4–0–1 | Paul Varelans | TKO (leg kicks and punches) | rowspan=3|UFC 7 | rowspan=3| |align=center| 1 |align=center| 13:17 | rowspan=3|Buffalo, New York, United States | |- | Win |align=center| 3–0–1 | Remco Pardoel | Submission (position) |align=center| 1 |align=center| 12:27 | |- | Win |align=center| 2–0–1 | Larry Cureton | Submission (heel hook) |align=center| 1 |align=center| 3:23 | |- | Win |align=center| 1–0–1 | Francisco Francisco | Submission (rear naked choke) | Ruas Vale Tudo | |align=center| 1 |align=center| 0:26 | Manaus, Brazil | |- | Draw | align=center| 0–0–1 | Fernando Pinduka | Draw | Jiu-Jitsu vs Luta Livre | |align=center| 1 |align=center| 20:00 | Rio de Janeiro, Brazil | Filmography References External links Official GYM Marco Ruas Marco Ruas IFL Page 1961 births Living people Brazilian male mixed martial artists Mixed martial artists utilizing capoeira Mixed martial artists utilizing judo Mixed martial artists utilizing taekwondo Mixed martial artists utilizing catch wrestling Mixed martial artists utilizing Muay Thai Mixed martial artists utilizing boxing Mixed martial artists utilizing Brazilian jiu-jitsu Mixed martial artists utilizing Luta Livre Mixed martial artists utilizing vale tudo Brazilian catch wrestlers Brazilian practitioners of Brazilian jiu-jitsu People awarded a black belt in Brazilian jiu-jitsu Brazilian male judoka Brazilian male taekwondo practitioners Brazilian capoeira practitioners Brazilian Muay Thai practitioners Brazilian male boxers Brazilian male kickboxers Brazilian male sport wrestlers People from Laguna Niguel, California Sportspeople from Orange County, California Ultimate Fighting Championship male fighters Sportspeople from Rio de Janeiro (city) 20th-century Brazilian people 21st-century Brazilian people

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Larry Levis

Larry Patrick Levis (September 30, 1946 – May 8, 1996) was an award-winning American poet and teacher who published five books of poetry during his lifetime. Two more volumes of previously unpublished poems have appeared posthumously, and received general acclaim. Life and work Youth Larry Levis was born in Fresno, California in 1945. He was the fourth (and youngest) child born to William Kent Levis, a grape grower, and Carol Mayo Levis. Education Levis earned a bachelor's degree from Fresno State College in 1968, where he had studied under Philip Levine. For Levine's classes and poetry workshops, Levis completed many of the poems that would appear in his first book of poems, Wrecking Crew (1972). Levine and Levis formed a lifelong friendship that left a mark on both their writing and their art. Each continued to exchange poems for critique and consultation —either by mail or in person— during the remainder of Levis's life. Levine would edit Levis's posthumously published 1997 volume, Elegy. Levis completed a master's degree from Syracuse University in 1970, where he studied under the guidance of poet Donald Justice. One of Levis's classmates at that time, poet Stephen Dunn, later wrote about their 1969-70 experience at Syracuse: Levis earned his Ph.D. from the University of Iowa in 1974. While at Iowa, he renewed his friendship with David St. John, whom he'd first met at Fresno State in classes they took with Levine. St. John would later edit two of Levis's posthumous publications: The Selected Levis (2000), and The Darkening Trapeze (2016). In his foreword to Elegy, Levine acknowledged St. John's guidance while editing that volume for publication in 1997. Academic career Levis taught English at the University of Missouri from 1974–1980. He was co-editor of Missouri Review, from 1977 to 1980. From 1980 to 1992, he was an Associate Professor at the University of Utah. where he also directed the Creative Writing Program. He was a Fulbright Lecturer in Yugoslavia in 1988. From 1992 until his death from a heart attack in 1996, Levis was the Senior Poet and a Professor of English at Virginia Commonwealth University. During this period of time he also taught at the Warren Wilson College MFA Program for Writers. Awards and recognition By the late 1960s, Levis had written many of the poems that would appear in his first book, Wrecking Crew (1972), which won the 1971 U. S. Award of the International Poetry Forum, and included publication in the Pitt Poetry Series by the University of Pittsburgh Press. The Academy of American Poets named his second book, The Afterlife (1976) as a Lamont Poetry Selection. His third book of poems, The Dollmaker's Ghost, was selected by Stanley Kunitz as the winner of the Open Competition of the National Poetry Series in 1981. Other awards included a YM-YWHA Discovery award, three fellowships in poetry from the National Endowment for the Arts, a Fulbright Fellowship, and a 1982 Guggenheim Fellowship. Levis’s poems are often included in many anthologies such as American Alphabets: 25 Contemporary Poets (2006) Personal life Levis was married three times. His second wife was Marcia Southwick, a fellow poet, whom he married on March 15, 1975. David St. John served as best man. Together the couple had a son, Nicholas Southwick Levis (b.1978). They were together until the early 1980s, and their marriage eventually ended in divorce. Southwick later married Murray Gell-Mann, the Nobel Prize-winning physicist, in 1992. Levis was married to his first wife, Barbara Campbell, from 1969 to 1973. His third wife was Mary Jane Hale, who he was married to from 1989 to 1990. Along with his professional and artistic acclaim, Levis struggled with depression, alcohol and drug use throughout his life. In part, the 2016 documentary film about Levis, A Late Style of Fire, explores the “risks and sacrifices that are necessary to live the life of an artist.” The film shows Levis constantly wrestling with the “dark side” of artistic creation. This included various self-destructive and “bad boy” impulses. Death Levis died of cardiac arrest triggered by a drug overdose, in Richmond, Virginia on May 8, 1996, at the age of 49. Legacy The Levis Reading Prize is awarded each year by the Department of English and its MFA in Creative Writing program at Virginia Commonwealth University (VCU). The prize is given annually in the name of the late Larry Levis for the best first or second book of poetry published in the previous calendar year. Essays and articles about Levis are featured each year in Blackbird, an online journal of literature and the arts published by VCU. Two previously unpublished poems (eventually collected in The Darkening Trapeze) appeared in The Best American Poetry book series in 2014 and 2016, two decades after his death. In 2016, a documentary film on the life and poetry of Levis was released titled A Late Style of Fire: Larry Levis, American Poet. It was produced and directed by filmmaker Michele Poulos, and co-produced with her husband, poet Gregory Donovan. Says Donovan: Selected bibliography Poetry Wrecking Crew (1972) The Afterlife (1977) The Dollmaker's Ghost (1981) Winter Stars (1985) The Widening Spell of the Leaves (1991) Elegy (1997)The Selected Levis (2000)The Darkening Trapeze: Last Poems (2016) ProseThe Gazer Within (2000) FictionBlack Freckles (1992) Further reading Buckley, Christopher. Condition of the Spirit - The Life and Work of Larry Levis. (Eastern Washington University, 2004) Naming the Lost: The Fresno Poets (Interviews & Essays). edited by Christopher Buckley (Stephen F. Austin University Press, 2021) References External links Levis Remembered at Blackbird Magazine (links): Believing in words: the Larry Levis papers, online exhibit of archival materials, Virginia Commonwealth University Libraries Devotion in the Age of Larry Levis, The Missouri Review. 2005 March 29. Friends of Dead Poets Society. Larry Levis’ latest (and possibly last) posthumous collection. The Smart Set''. 2016 January 21. 1946 births 1996 deaths Writers from Fresno, California University of Missouri faculty Iowa Writers' Workshop alumni Iowa Writers' Workshop faculty Virginia Commonwealth University faculty 20th-century American poets People from Selma, California

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Inclusion bodies

Inclusion bodies are aggregates of specific types of protein found in neurons, a number of tissue cells including red blood cells, bacteria, viruses, and plants. Inclusion bodies of aggregations of multiple proteins are also found in muscle cells affected by inclusion body myositis and hereditary inclusion body myopathy. Inclusion bodies in neurons may be accumulated in the cytoplasm or nucleus, and are associated with many neurodegenerative diseases. Inclusion bodies in neurodegenerative diseases are aggregates of misfolded proteins (aggresomes) and are hallmarks of many of these diseases, including Lewy bodies in Lewy body dementias, and Parkinson's disease, neuroserpin inclusion bodies called Collins bodies in familial encephalopathy with neuroserpin inclusion bodies, inclusion bodies in Huntington's disease, Papp–Lantos bodies in multiple system atrophy, and various inclusion bodies in frontotemporal dementia including Pick bodies. Bunina bodies in motor neurons are a core feature of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Other usual cell inclusions are often temporary inclusions of accumulated proteins, fats, secretory granules or other insoluble components. Inclusion bodies are found in bacteria as particles of aggregated protein. They have a higher density than many other cell components but are porous. They typically represent sites of viral multiplication in a bacterium or a eukaryotic cell and usually consist of viral capsid proteins. Inclusion bodies contain very little host protein, ribosomal components or DNA/RNA fragments. They often almost exclusively contain the over-expressed protein and aggregation and has been reported to be reversible. It has been suggested that inclusion bodies are dynamic structures formed by an unbalanced equilibrium between aggregated and soluble proteins of Escherichia coli. There is a growing body of information indicating that formation of inclusion bodies occurs as a result of intracellular accumulation of partially folded expressed proteins which aggregate through non-covalent hydrophobic or ionic interactions or a combination of both. Composition Inclusion bodies have a non-unit (single) lipid membrane. Protein inclusion bodies are classically thought to contain misfolded protein. However, this has been contested, as green fluorescent protein will sometimes fluoresce in inclusion bodies, which indicates some resemblance of the native structure and researchers have recovered folded protein from inclusion bodies. Mechanism of formation When genes from one organism are expressed in another organism the resulting protein sometimes forms inclusion bodies. This is often true when large evolutionary distances are crossed: a cDNA isolated from Eukarya for example, and expressed as a recombinant gene in a prokaryote risks the formation of the inactive aggregates of protein known as inclusion bodies. While the cDNA may properly code for a translatable mRNA, the protein that results will emerge in a foreign microenvironment. This often has fatal effects, especially if the intent of cloning is to produce a biologically active protein. For example, eukaryotic systems for carbohydrate modification and membrane transport are not found in prokaryotes. The internal microenvironment of a prokaryotic cell (pH, osmolarity) may differ from that of the original source of the gene. Mechanisms for folding a protein may also be absent, and hydrophobic residues that normally would remain buried may be exposed and available for interaction with similar exposed sites on other ectopic proteins. Processing systems for the cleavage and removal of internal peptides would also be absent in bacteria. The initial attempts to clone insulin in a bacterium suffered all of these deficits. In addition, the fine controls that may keep the concentration of a protein low will also be missing in a prokaryotic cell, and overexpression can result in filling a cell with ectopic protein that, even if it were properly folded, would precipitate by saturating its environment. In neurons Inclusion bodies are aggregates of protein associated with many neurodegenerative diseases, accumulated in the cytoplasm or nucleus of neurons. Inclusion bodies of aggregations of multiple proteins are also found in muscle cells affected by inclusion body myositis and hereditary inclusion body myopathy. Inclusion bodies in neurodegenerative diseases are aggregates of misfolded proteins (aggresomes) and are hallmarks of many of these diseases, including Lewy bodies in Lewy body dementias, and Parkinson's disease, neuroserpin inclusion bodies called Collins bodies in familial encephalopathy with neuroserpin inclusion bodies, inclusion bodies in Huntington's disease, Papp-Lantos inclusions in multiple system atrophy, and various inclusion bodies in frontotemporal dementia including Pick bodies. Bunina bodies in motor neurons are a core feature of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. In red blood cells Normally a red blood cell does not contain inclusions in the cytoplasm. However, it may be seen because of certain hematologic disorders. There are three kinds of red blood cell inclusions: Developmental organelles Howell-Jolly bodies: small, round fragments of the nucleus resulting from karyorrhexis or nuclear disintegration of the late reticulocyte and stain reddish-blue with Wright's stain. Basophilic stipplings - these stipplings are either fine or coarse, deep blue to purple staining inclusion that appears in erythrocytes on a dried Wright's stain. Pappenheimer bodies - are siderotic granules which are small, irregular, dark-staining granules that appear near the periphery of a young erythrocyte in a Wright stain. Polychromatophilic red cells - young red cells that no longer have nucleus but still contain some RNA. Cabot rings - ring-like structure and may appear in erythrocytes in megaloblastic anemia or in severe anemias, lead poisoning, and in dyserythropoiesis, in which erythrocytes are destroyed before being released from the bone marrow. Abnormal hemoglobin precipitation Heinz bodies - round bodies, refractile inclusions not visible on a Wright's stain film. They are best identified by supravital staining with basic dyes. Hemoglobin H inclusions - alpha thalassemia, greenish-blue inclusion bodies appear in many erythrocytes after four drops of blood is incubated with 0.5mL of Brilliant cresyl blue for 20 minutes at 37 °C. Protozoan inclusion Malaria Babesia In white blood cells Inclusions of immunoglobulin called Russell bodies are found in atypical plasma cells. Russell bodies clump together in large numbers displacing the cell nucleus to the edge, and the cell is then called a Mott cell. In viruses Examples of viral inclusion bodies in animals are Cytoplasmic eosinophilic (acidophilic)- Downie bodies in cowpox Negri bodies in rabies Guarnieri bodies in vaccinia, variola (smallpox) Paschen bodies in variola (smallpox) Bollinger bodies in fowlpox Molluscum bodies in Molluscum contagiosum Eosinophilic inclusion bodies in boid inclusion body disease Nuclear eosinophilic (acidophilic)- Cowdry bodies type A in Herpes simplex virus and Varicella zoster virus Torres bodies in yellow fever Cowdry bodies type B in polio and adenovirus Nuclear basophilic- Cowdry bodies type B in adenovirus "Owl's eye appearance" in cytomegalovirus Both nuclear and cytoplasmic- Warthin–Finkeldey bodies in measles and HIV/AIDS Examples of viral inclusion bodies in plants include aggregations of virus particles (like those for Cucumber mosaic virus) and aggregations of viral proteins (like the cylindrical inclusions of potyviruses). Depending on the plant and the plant virus family these inclusions can be found in epidermal cells, mesophyll cells, and stomatal cells when plant tissue is properly stained. In bacteria Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA) are produced by bacteria as inclusion bodies. The size of PHA granules are limited in E. coli, due to its small size. Bacterial cell's inclusion bodies are not as abundant intracellularly, in comparison to eukaryotic cells. Isolation of proteins Between 70% and 80% of recombinant proteins expressed E. coli are contained in inclusion bodies (i.e., protein aggregates). The purification of the expressed proteins from inclusion bodies usually require two main steps: extraction of inclusion bodies from the bacteria followed by the solubilisation of the purified inclusion bodies. Solubilisation of inclusions bodies often involves treatment with denaturing agents, such as urea or guanidine chloride at high concentrations, to de-aggregate the collapsed proteins. Renaturation follows the treatment with denaturing agents and often consists of dialysis and/or use of molecules that promote the refolding of denatured proteins (including chaotopic agents and chaperones). Pseudo-inclusions Pseudo-inclusions are invaginations of the cytoplasm into the cell nuclei, which may give the appearance of intranuclear inclusions. They may appear in papillary thyroid carcinoma. Diseases involving inclusion bodies Inclusion body diseases differ from amyloid diseases in that inclusion bodies are necessarily intracellular aggregates of protein, where amyloid can be intracellular or extracellular. Amyloid also necessitates protein polymerization where inclusion bodies do not. Preventing inclusion bodies in bacteria Inclusion bodies are often made of denatured aggregates of inactive proteins. Although, the renaturation of inclusion bodies can sometimes lead to the solubilisation and the recovery of active proteins, the process is still very empirical, uncertain and of low efficiency. Several techniques have been developed over the years to prevent the formation of inclusion bodies. These techniques include: The use of weaker promoters to slowdown the rate of protein expression The use of low copy number plasmids The co-expression of chaperone (such as GroES-GroEL and DnaK-DnaJ-GrpE) The use of specific E. coli strains such as (AD494 and Origami) Fusing the target protein to a soluble partner Lowering the expression temperature See also Adult polyglucosan body disease Birbeck granules Ferruginous body JUNQ and IPOD Maltose-binding protein Nuclear bodies Orthopoxvirus inclusion bodies P-bodies Reinke crystals Stress granules References Biotechnology Blood Virology