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<s><|user|> That is for sure. Probably the weirdest that I can remember.<|end|> <|assistant|> Yeah. Yeah, and he was born on May the fourth.<|end|>
<s><|user|> That's hilarious, too.<|end|> <|assistant|> Yeah.<|end|>
<s><|user|> May the fourth be with him.<|end|> <|assistant|> Yes, exactly.<|end|>
<s><|user|> It has to be.<|end|> <|assistant|> Hopefully. I sure hope so.<|end|>
<s><|user|> Perfect.<|end|> <|assistant|> Yes.<|end|>
<s><|user|> I mean that was the perfect day for you. How do you say the name? Is it placeholder?<|end|> <|assistant|> First of all, my partner is the one that actually mostly came up with the name.<|end|>
<s><|user|> Congratulations to her.<|end|> <|assistant|> Yeah, yeah. She's great at names. I mean it's just X, the letter X, and then the ae is like pronounced ash. Yeah, and then eight, 12 is my contribution.<|end|>
<s><|user|> Oh, why are eight, 12?<|end|> <|assistant|> Archangel 12, the precursor to the SR71. Coolest plane ever. True.<|end|>
<s><|user|> I agree with you. I don't know, I'm not familiar with it. I know what the SR71 is.<|end|> <|assistant|> Yeah, yeah, yeah.<|end|>
<s><|user|> Yeah, I know what that is.<|end|> <|assistant|> The SR71 came from a CIA program called Archangel. It's the Archangel project.<|end|>
<s><|user|> Oh wow, what a dope looking plane.<|end|> <|assistant|> Yeah.<|end|>
<s><|user|> Oh, okay. I got it.<|end|> <|assistant|> Yeah.<|end|>
<s><|user|> Well, as a person who's a very much into aerial travel as you are, that's perfect.<|end|> <|assistant|> It's pretty great.<|end|>
<s><|user|> Yeah. Pretty great. Does it feel strange to have a child while this craziness is going? Does it feel like you've had children before? Is this any weirder?<|end|> <|assistant|> Actually, I think it's better being older and having a kid. I appreciate it more. Yeah, babies are awesome.<|end|>
<s><|user|> They are pretty awesome.<|end|> <|assistant|> They're awesome. Yeah.<|end|>
<s><|user|> When I didn't have any of my own, I would see other people's kids and I didn't not like them, but I wasn't drawn to them. But now when I see little people's kids, I'm like, Oh, I think of them as like these little love packages.<|end|> <|assistant|> Yeah, little love bugs.<|end|>
<s><|user|> Yeah. It's just you think of them differently when you see them come out and then grow and then eventually start talking to you, like your whole idea what a baby is, is very different.<|end|> <|assistant|> Yeah.<|end|>
<s><|user|> Now, as you get older and get to appreciate it as a mature, fully formed adult, it must be really pretty wonderful.<|end|> <|assistant|> Yeah. Great. Wonderful. It's great. But babies are awesome. Yeah, it's great. Yeah. Also, I've spent a lot of time on AI and neural nets and so you can sort of see the brain develop, which is ... An AI neural net is trying to simulate what a brain does, basically. You can sort of see it learning very quickly. You know, it's just wow.<|end|>
<s><|user|> You're talking about the neural net, you're not talking about an actual baby.<|end|> <|assistant|> I'm talking about an actual baby.<|end|>
<s><|user|> But both of them.<|end|> <|assistant|> Yes, but the word neural net comes from the brain. It's like a net of neurons. Humans are the original gangster of the neural net.<|end|>
<s><|user|> That's a great way to put it.<|end|> <|assistant|> Yeah.<|end|>
<s><|user|> When you're programming artificial intelligence where you're working with artificial intelligence art, are they specifically trying to mimic the developmental process of a human brain?<|end|> <|assistant|> In a lot of ways. There's some ways that are different. An analogy that's often used is like we don't make a submarine swim like a fish, but we take the principles of hydrodynamics and apply them to the submarine.<|end|>
<s><|user|> I've always wondered as a lay person, do you try to achieve the same results as the human brain but through different methods? Or do you try to copy the way a human brain achieves results?<|end|> <|assistant|> I mean, the essential elements of an AI neural net are really very similar to a human brain neural net. Yeah. It's having the multiple layers of neurons and you know, back propagation. All these things are what your brain does. You have a layer of neurons that goes through a series of intermediate steps to ultimately cognition and then it'll reverse those steps and go back and forth and go all over the place. It's interesting. Very interesting.<|end|>
<s><|user|> Yeah, I would imagine. The thought of programming something that is eventually going to be smarter than us that one day it's going to be like, why did you do it that way? When artificial intelligence becomes sentient, they're like, Oh, you tried to mimic yourself. This is so much better process. Cut out all this nonsense.<|end|> <|assistant|> Like I said, there are elements that are the same but just like an aircraft does not fly like a bird.<|end|>
<s><|user|> Right.<|end|> <|assistant|> It doesn't flap its wings, but the wings, the way the wings work and generate lift is the same as a bird.<|end|>
<s><|user|> Now you're in the middle of this strange time where you're selling your houses. You say you don't want any material possessions and I've been seeing all that and I've been really excited to talk to you about this. Because it's an interesting thing to come from a guy like yourself. Like why are you doing that?<|end|> <|assistant|> I'm slightly sad about it, actually.<|end|>
<s><|user|> If you're sad about it, why are you doing it?<|end|> <|assistant|> I think possessions kind of weigh you down and they're kind of an attack vector. They'll say, "Hey, billionaire, you've got all this stuff." Well, now I don't have stuff now what are you going to do?<|end|>
<s><|user|> Attack vector meaning like people targeted.<|end|> <|assistant|> Yeah.<|end|>
<s><|user|> Interesting, yeah. But you're obviously going to, so you're going to rent a place?<|end|> <|assistant|> Yeah.<|end|>
<s><|user|> Okay, and get rid of everything except clothes?<|end|> <|assistant|> No, I said like almost everything, so it's like ...<|end|>
<s><|user|> Keep a couple of Teslas.<|end|> <|assistant|> Kind of have to, to test product and stuff. You know, there's things that have sentimental value for sure are keeping those.<|end|>
<s><|user|> Do you feel like ...<|end|> <|assistant|> I mean, what's the worst that could happen? I mean, you're fine.<|end|>
<s><|user|> Yeah, you can always buy more stuff if you don't like it.<|end|> <|assistant|> I suppose so.<|end|>
<s><|user|> Yeah, I mean from the money that you sell all your stuff, you can buy new stuff. Do you feel like people define you by the fact that you're wealthy and that they define you in a pejorative way?<|end|> <|assistant|> For sure. I mean not everyone, but for sure in recent years billionaire has become pejorative like that's a bad thing. Which I think doesn't make a lot of sense in most cases. If you basically organized a company ... How does this wealth arise? If you organize people in a better way to produce products and services that are better than what existed before and you have some ownership in that company then that essentially gives you the right to allocate more capital. There's a conflation of consumption and capital allocation. Take Warren Buffet, for example, and to be totally frank I'm not his biggest fan, but you know, he does like have full allocation and he reads a lot of annual reports of companies and all the accounting and it's pretty boring really. He's trying to figure out does Coke or Pepsi deserve more capital? I mean it's kind of a boring job if you ask me. It's still a thing that's important to figure out. Like, which is a company deserving of more or less capital. Should that company grow or expand? Is it making products and services that are better than others or worse? If a company is making compelling products and services, it should get more capital and if it's not, it should get less or go out of business.<|end|>
<s><|user|> Well, there's a big difference, too, between someone who's making an incredible amount of money designing and engineering fantastic products versus someone who's making an incredible amount of money by investing in companies or moving money around in the stock market or doing things along those lines. It's a different thing and to put them all in the same category seems, it's very simple. As you pointed out, it's an attack vector.<|end|> <|assistant|> Yeah, for sure. I think it's really, I do think there, in the United States especially, there's an over allocation of talent in finance and law. Basically, too many smart people go into finance and law. This is both a compliment and a criticism. We should have, I think, fewer people doing law and fewer people doing finance and more people making stuff.<|end|>
<s><|user|> Yeah.<|end|> <|assistant|> Yeah.<|end|>
<s><|user|> Well that would certainly be better for all involved if they made better stuff.<|end|> <|assistant|> Yeah, yeah, absolutely. Manufacturing used to be highly valued in the United States and these days it's not. It's often looked down upon, which I think is wrong.<|end|>
<s><|user|> Yeah. Well, I think that people are kind of learning that particularly because of this whole pandemic and this relationship that we have with China, that there's a lot of value in making things and to making things here.<|end|> <|assistant|> Yes. Somebody's got to do the real work.<|end|>
<s><|user|> Yeah.<|end|> <|assistant|> You know? Making a car, it's an honest days living, that's for sure. Making anything, really, or providing a valuable service like providing good entertainment, good information, these are all valuable things to do. Yeah, there should be more of it.<|end|>
<s><|user|> Did you have a moment where, is this something that this idea of getting rid of your material possessions is it something that built up over time or did you have a moment of realization where you realized that ...<|end|> <|assistant|> Yeah, I've been thinking about it for a while. You know, part of it is like I have a bunch of houses, but I don't spend a lot of time in most of them. That doesn't seem like a good use of assets. Somebody could probably be enjoying those houses and get better use of them me.<|end|>
<s><|user|> Don't you have Gene Wilder's house?<|end|> <|assistant|> I do.<|end|>
<s><|user|> That's amazing.<|end|> <|assistant|> It's awesome.<|end|>
<s><|user|> Wow.<|end|> <|assistant|> Yes. It's exactly what you'd expect.<|end|>
<s><|user|> Did you request that the buyer not fuck it up?<|end|> <|assistant|> Yeah, that's a requirement.<|end|>
<s><|user|> Oh, a requirement? That's a good requirement.<|end|> <|assistant|> Yeah.<|end|>
<s><|user|> In that case in that house.<|end|> <|assistant|> Yeah, it'll probably sell for less, but still I don't care.<|end|>
<s><|user|> Oh, he's a legend. He'd want his soul, he'd want his essence in the building.<|end|> <|assistant|> And it's there.<|end|>
<s><|user|> Is it?<|end|> <|assistant|> It's a real quirky house, yeah.<|end|>
<s><|user|> What makes you say that? What do you get out of it?<|end|> <|assistant|> I mean, all the cabinets are like handmade and they're like odd shapes and there's like doors to nowhere and strange corridors and tunnels and odd paintings on the wall. Yeah.<|end|>
<s><|user|> Did you ever live in it?<|end|> <|assistant|> It's very quirky. I did live in it briefly, yeah.<|end|>
<s><|user|> But why do you buy houses? If you own all these houses, do you just get bored and go I think I'd like to have that?<|end|> <|assistant|> Well, I had one house and the Gene Wilder house is right across the road from me from my main house. It was going to get sold and then torn down and turned into, you know, be a big construction zone for three years. I was like, whoa, I think I'll buy it and preserve the spirit of Gene Wilder and not have a giant construction zone. Then I started having some privacy issues where people would just come to my house and start climbing over the walls and stuff. I'm like, man ... Then I sort of bought some of the houses around my house and then I thought at one point, well you know, it'd be cool to build a house. I acquired some properties at the top of Somera Road, which has got a great view, and I was like, okay, well there's a bunch of sort of small older houses, they're going to get torn down, anyway. I was like, well, if I collect these little houses then I can build something, I don't know, artistic like a dream house type of thing.<|end|>
<s><|user|> What's a dream house for Elon Musk? Like some Tony stark type shit?<|end|> <|assistant|> Yeah, definitely. Yeah. You got to have the dome that opens up with the stealth helicopter and that kind of thing, you know?<|end|>
<s><|user|> Yeah.<|end|> <|assistant|> For sure.<|end|>
<s><|user|> Fuck yeah.<|end|> <|assistant|> Definitely. But then I was like, man, does it really make sense for me to spend time designing and building a house and I'd be real, you know, ghetto like OCD on the little details and the design, or should I be allocating that time to getting us to Mars? I should probably do the latter. Like what's more important? Mars or a house? I'm like Mars. Okay.<|end|>
<s><|user|> Is that really how you think? Like, I'd be better off planning on a trip to Mars or getting people to Mars?<|end|> <|assistant|> Yeah, yeah, definitely. I mean, you can only do so many things.<|end|>
<s><|user|> Right.<|end|> <|assistant|> Right, so how are you going to<|end|>
<s><|user|> Well, I don't know how you do what you do anyway. I don't understand how you can run The Boring Company, Tesla, SpaceX, all these different things you're doing constantly. I just, I don't understand. I mean, you explained last time you were here how you sort of allocate your time and how hectic it is and insane. I still don't, the productivity is baffling. It just doesn't make sense how you can get so much done.<|end|> <|assistant|> Well, I think I do have high productivity, but even with that there's still some opportunity to time and allocating time to building a house, even if it was a really great house, it still is not a good use of time relative to developing the rockets necessary to get us to Mars and helping solve sustainable energy. SpaceX and Tesla are by far, you know, the most amount of brain cycles. The Boring Company does not take, you know, it's like less than 1% of brain cycles. Then this neural link, which is, I don't know, maybe it's like 5% and then ...<|end|>
<s><|user|> 5%? That's a good chunk.<|end|> <|assistant|> It's a good chunk. Yeah, yeah.<|end|>
<s><|user|> We were talking about that last time and you were trying to figure out when it was actually going to go live, when it's actually going to be available. Are you testing on people right now?<|end|> <|assistant|> No, we're not testing on people yet, but I think it won't be too long. I think we may be able to implant a neural link in less than a year in a person I think.<|end|>
<s><|user|> When you do this, is there any tests that you have to do before you do something like this to see what percentage of people's bodies are going to reject these things? Is there a potential for rejection?<|end|> <|assistant|> It's a very low potential for rejection. I mean, you can think of it like people put in heart monitors and things for epileptic seizures and deep brain stimulation obviously like artificial hips and knees and that kind of thing. The probability of, I mean, so it's well known what will cause rejection and what will not. It's definitely harder when you've got something that is sort of reading and writing neurons that's generating a current pulse and reading current pulses. That's a little harder than say a passive device, but it's still very doable. There are people who have primitive devices in their brains right now.<|end|>
<s><|user|> What kind of devices?<|end|> <|assistant|> Well, like deep brain stimulation, I think for Parkinson's, has really changed people's lives in a big way, which is kind of remarkable because it kind of like zaps your brain. It's like kicking the TV type of thing. You think like man, kicking the TV shouldn't work.<|end|>
<s><|user|> It does sometimes.<|end|> <|assistant|> Yeah, yeah.<|end|>
<s><|user|> The old TVs.<|end|> <|assistant|> It did.<|end|>
<s><|user|> My grandpa used to slap the top.<|end|> <|assistant|> For sure. Yeah.<|end|>
<s><|user|> It would work sometimes.<|end|> <|assistant|> Yeah, so this deep brain stimulation implanted devices in the brain have changed people's lives for the better like fundamentally.<|end|>
<s><|user|> Well, let's talk about what you can talk about to what Neuralink is cause the last time you were here you really couldn't discuss it. Then there was, I guess a press release or something that sort of outlined ...<|end|> <|assistant|> Oh yeah, sure, sure.<|end|>
<s><|user|> Yeah, that had happened quite a bit after the last time you were here. What exactly is it? How do you do, what happens if someone ultimately does get a Neuralink installed what will take place?<|end|> <|assistant|> Well, for version one of the device, it would be it basically implanted in your skull. It would be flush with your skull, so you basically take out a chunk of skull, put the Neuralink device in there. You'd insert the electrode threads very carefully into the brain and then you stitch it up and you wouldn't even know that somebody has it. It can interface basically anywhere in your brain. It could be something that helps cure say eyesight, like returns your eyesight even if you've lost your optic nerve type of thing.<|end|>
<s><|user|> Really?<|end|> <|assistant|> Yeah, yeah, absolutely. I mean, pretty much anything that it could, in principle, fix almost anything that is wrong with the brain. It could restore limb functionality, so if you've got an interface into the motor cortex and then an implant that's like a microcontroller and near muscle groups, you could then create sort of a neural shunt that restores somebody who is a quadriplegic to full functionality. Like they can walk around and be normal.<|end|>
<s><|user|> Whoa.<|end|> <|assistant|> Yeah, maybe slightly better.<|end|>
<s><|user|> Slightly better?<|end|> <|assistant|> Over time, yes.<|end|>
<s><|user|> You mean with future iterations?<|end|> <|assistant|> Like the, you know, $6 million man. Although these days that doesn't sound like much.<|end|>
<s><|user|> Right, that's pretty cheap.<|end|> <|assistant|> Yeah. Yeah.<|end|>
<s><|user|> $6 billion man.<|end|> <|assistant|> Yeah.<|end|>
<s><|user|> The hole would be small, how big would the hole be that you have to drill and then replace with this piece? It's only one hole?<|end|> <|assistant|> Well, yeah, the device we're working on right now is about, it's about an inch in diameter. Your skull is pretty thick, by the way.<|end|>
<s><|user|> Mine is for sure.<|end|> <|assistant|> It might actually, literally, I mean if you're a big guy, your skull is actually fairly thick. A skull is like seven to 14 millimeters.<|end|>
<s><|user|> Mines probably a couple of inches.<|end|> <|assistant|> A half inch. Half inch thick skull ish. Yeah, yeah, that's a fair bit of like ... We've got quite a coconut going on there. It's not like some eggshell.<|end|>
<s><|user|> Oh yeah, I believe you.<|end|> <|assistant|> Yeah, you basically implant the device.<|end|>
<s><|user|> It would be like a one inch square? One inch in diameter, so an inch circle?<|end|> <|assistant|> Yeah, think like a smartwatch or something like that.<|end|>
<s><|user|> Oh, okay.<|end|> <|assistant|> Yeah.<|end|>
<s><|user|> Okay, so you take this one diameter like ice fishing, right? You ever go ice fishing?<|end|> <|assistant|> No, but I'd like to.<|end|>
<s><|user|> It's great. It's really fun, so you basically take an auger and you drill through the surface of the ice and you create a small hole. You can dunk your line in there. This is like that. You're ice fishing on the top of your skull and then you cork it.<|end|> <|assistant|> Yeah, and you replace that say one inch diameter piece of skull with the Neuralink device and that has a battery and a Bluetooth and an inductive charger. Then you also insert the electrodes. The electrodes are very carefully inserted with a robot that we developed. It's very carefully putting in the electrodes and avoiding any veins or arteries so it doesn't create trauma.<|end|>
<s><|user|> Through this one inch diameter device, electrodes would be inserted and they will find their way ...<|end|> <|assistant|> Like tiny wires, basically.<|end|>
<s><|user|> Tiny wires.<|end|> <|assistant|> Tiny wires.<|end|>
<s><|user|> They'll find their way to specific areas of the brain to stimulate?<|end|> <|assistant|> No, you literally put them where they're supposed to go.<|end|>
<s><|user|> Oh, okay.<|end|> <|assistant|> Yeah, you insert ...<|end|>
<s><|user|> How long would these wires be?<|end|> <|assistant|> I mean, they usually go in like, depending on where it is, like two or three millimeters.<|end|>
<s><|user|> They just find the spots?<|end|> <|assistant|> Yeah.<|end|>
<s><|user|> Wow.<|end|> <|assistant|> Then you put the device in and that replaces the little piece of skull that was taken out. Then you stitch up the hole and they just look like a little scar and that's it.<|end|>
<s><|user|> Would this be replaceable or reversible?<|end|> <|assistant|> Yeah.<|end|>
<s><|user|> Like if someone can't take it anymore? I'm too smart, I can't take it.<|end|> <|assistant|> Yeah, you can totally take it out.<|end|>
<s><|user|> Besides restoring limb function and eyesight and hearing, which are all amazing, is there any cognitive benefits that you anticipate from something like this?<|end|> <|assistant|> Yeah, I mean you could for sure, I mean, basically it's a generalized sort of thing for fixing any kind of brain injury in principle, or if you've got like severe epilepsy or something like that. It could just sort of stop the epilepsy from occurring. It could detect it in real time and then fire a counter pulse and stop the epilepsy. I mean, there's a whole range of brain injuries. Like if somebody gets a stroke, they could lose the ability to speak and that could also be fixed. If you've got like stroke damage or you lose say muscle control over part of your face or something like that. When you get older you tend to, if you've got like Alzheimer's or something like that, then you lose memory and this could help you with restoring your memory and that kind of thing.<|end|>
<s><|user|> Restoring memory and what is happening that's allowing it to do that? Like the wires, these small wires are stimulating these areas of the brain. Is it that the areas of the brain are losing some sort of electrical force? What is happening?<|end|> <|assistant|> Yeah.<|end|>
<s><|user|> Yeah?<|end|> <|assistant|> The thing is it's like a bunch of circuits and there's some circuits that are broken and we can fix those circuits. It's a substitute for those circuits.<|end|>
<s><|user|> A specific frequency will go through this?<|end|> <|assistant|> Yeah.<|end|>
<s><|user|> Is the process figuring out how much or how little has to be, how much these areas of the brain have to be juiced up?<|end|> <|assistant|> Yeah. I mean, there's still a lot of work to do. When I say we've got a shot at probably putting in a person within a year, that's exactly what I mean. I think we have a chance of putting it into one and having them be healthy and restoring some functionality that they've lost.<|end|>
<s><|user|> The fear is that eventually you're going to have to cut the whole top of someone's head off and put a new top with a whole bunch of wires if you want to get the real turbo charged version. The P 100 D of brain stimulation.<|end|> <|assistant|> I mean, ultimately if you want to go with full AI symbiosis, you'll probably want to do something like that.<|end|>
<s><|user|> Symbiosis is a scary word when it comes to AI.<|end|> <|assistant|> It's optional.<|end|>
<s><|user|> I would hope so.<|end|> <|assistant|> Yeah.<|end|>
<s><|user|> It's just, I mean, once you enjoy the Doctor Manhattan lifestyle, once you become a god seems very unlikely you're going to want to go back to being stupid again. I mean, you literally could fundamentally change the way human beings interface with each other.<|end|> <|assistant|> Yes.<|end|>
<s><|user|> Yes.<|end|> <|assistant|> You wouldn't need to talk.<|end|>