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[] | Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else. | Biography, History and Democracy: Contemporary Writing about Australian Lives | Abstract: Biography is one of the most potent arts of democracy because it links the individual to the body politic and to history. It stands in parallel with independent long-form journalism. Whereas independent journalism is under threat, biography is currently one of the most popular and productive genres of publishing, breaking down the stratification of readership associated with almost every other category of writing. In the academy, the status of biography has transformed over the last few decades, with historians embracing the genre, literary studies scholars experimenting with form, and a wealth of new infrastructure embedding biographical inquiry in Australia. The biographical turn in Australia has brought the two disciplines of history and literary studies closer together and enriched their scholarship. David Marr's Patrick White, Fiona Capp's My Blood's Country, Mark McKenna's Return to Uluru and Alexis Wright's Tracker are just some examples of the field over the last 30 years. This article considers the principles underpinning contemporary biography and its practice. It reflects on the particular challenges of writing about living subjects, negotiating intimacy and privacy, and the uses of empathic listening in biographical interviews. It also explores the value of collective biography as a genre of current significance. |
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[] | Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else. | Negotiating faith in exile: Learning from displacements from and into Arua, North West Uganda | Abstract: Humanitarians have recently championed faith actors as valuable resources in delivering humanitarian aid. Partnerships are increasingly promoted through international declarations and bespoke toolkits. Such approaches are abstracted from the historical and contemporary contexts through which faith is negotiated, and through which faith actors have become legitimate. This paper explores how faith has been entangled within the dynamics of two spatially connected crises: Ugandans fleeing post-Amin reprisals in the mid-1980s, and South Sudanese fleeing civil war from 2013. Drawing attention to the local-structural engagements which have shaped forms of protection and the legitimacy of faith actors, this paper urges for a consideration of complexity in humanitarians' localisation calculations. |
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[] | Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else. | Consumer readiness for green consumption: The role of green awareness as a moderator of the relationship between green attitudes and purchase intentions | Abstract: The present study examines the determinants that impact customers' choices to buy environmentally friendly products, addressing a significant gap in current scholarly research. This concept suggests that cognitive variables, customer individual attributes, and societal factors play a crucial role in influencing consumers' inclinations to engage in environmentally friendly purchasing. Based on 780 total valid respondents, current research tests the given hypotheses by conducting a covariance-based SEM. Using SMART PLS4 software, the study measures and analyses these linkages quantitatively. The findings emphasize the significant influence of customers' environmentally conscious attitudes and awareness on their inclination to buy eco-friendly products. Moreover, the study uncovers a significant moderating impact of environmental awareness in connecting proenvironmental sentiments to consumer purchasing behavior. However, research determines that other variables such as green P's, logistics, production, and technology do not have a substantial impact on intentions to make environmentally friendly purchases. These findings offer useful insights for organizations aiming to promote eco-friendly products, highlighting the importance of consumer attitudes and awareness in influencing intentions to make green purchases. |
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[] | Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else. | Moving up and down the urban hierarchy: Age-specific internal migration patterns in Japan based on the 2020 census | Abstract: This study aimed to understand the age-specific internal migration patterns in Japan where more than a quarter of the population is aged >= 65 years and the national population is on the decline, focusing on the urban hierarchy. Demographic efficiency, which is the ratio of net to gross migration, was calculated for each migration flow between the levels of urban hierarchy in Japan based on the 2020 census. The results showed that the overall upward migration, which is a movement from lower to higher levels in the urban hierarchy, was dominant. A variation in migration patterns by age confirmed that young adults, especially those aged 20-24 years, moved up the urban hierarchy unidirectionally, while people of preretirement and retirement age moved down. The older adults (aged 75 and over) were inclined to move up. Regarding sex-based differences, the demographic efficiency of women was higher than that of men. Additionally, the upward movement of women was predominant in almost all age groups. These findings suggest the possibility that aggregated migration behaviours may vary by sex, which has received little attention in previous migration studies focusing on urban hierarchies in other countries. Furthermore, this study discussed policy implications based on the observed patterns, such as the impacts of older adults' migration on social security at each hierarchy level and a possible relationship between women's upward migration patterns and future fertility decline. |
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[] | Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else. | Geographic Information System Mapping Tool for Rainwater Harvesting in the United States | Abstract: The Rainwater Harvesting Tool is a publicly available web-based geographic information system tool. It was developed using geospatial analysis in combination with historic zone improvement plan (ZIP) Code-level monthly average precipitation and evapotranspiration data across the US to help select potential locations for harvesting rainwater. Rainwater harvesting can provide a key alternative water source for a variety of uses, including landscape irrigation, vehicle washing, cooling tower make-up, dust suppression, and toilet flushing. Rainwater harvesting can help to diversify water sources for institutional, commercial, and residential buildings and offset the use of treated potable water. This tool aims to help organizations strategically target locations in which to implement rainwater harvesting systems. The metric used in the tool is called the rainwater harvesting potential, which is a normalized metric. The rainwater harvesting potential describes the amount of rainwater that reasonably can be collected and stored at a specific location. This metric was used to rank areas delineated by ZIP Codes across the US from lowest to highest to show the relative availability of rainwater for harvesting. Two mapping layers are included in the tool: a layer that shows the general year-round rainwater harvesting potential, and a layer that specifically shows the potential for harvesting rainwater to supply irrigation water. The Rainwater Harvesting Tool allows users to view the overall trends across the US and view the data at a scale at which the ZIP Code boundaries are clearly delineated. The tool can be used to help organizations with buildings located in multiple regions to strategically identify where to install rainwater harvesting systems and prioritize locations that may be optimal for rainwater harvesting.The Rainwater Harvesting Tool is a web-based geographic information system tool, which is free and available to the public. The tool presents the rainwater harvesting potential across the US to help determine locations that are potentially good candidates for harvesting rainwater and capable of meeting the water demands of institutional, commercial, and residential buildings. Rainwater can supply water for irrigation, cooling towers, vehicle washing, toilet flushing, and so forth, and offsets the use of treated potable water. The tool contains two mapping layers. The first shows the general potential for capturing rainwater and indicates the relative ability of a given location to collect rainwater throughout the year for beneficial use. The second identifies areas with favorable precipitation patterns for collecting rainwater during the irrigation season. The Rainwater Harvesting Tool provides interactive functions within a single browser session. Users enter specific locations (by ZIP Code), and the tool outputs a relative rank of the harvesting potential. The amount of rain potentially harvested each month also is provided. This portfolio planning, decision support tool can be utilized by organizations to target locations that are most conducive for rainwater harvesting across many locations. |
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[] | Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else. | A possible production area of Chinese faience? Reference to beads decorating coffins from Shijia Yucun site, Gansu Province | Abstract: Shijia Yucun site is a northwestern settlement from the Zhou period (1046-221 BCE). Faience beads used as a personal ornament and coffin decoration are notable among plenty of funerary objects. Thirteen faience objects are determined using analytical electron probe micro-analysis (EPMA) and scanning electron microscopy-energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDS). The information on their provenance indicates that the types of faience beads around bodies include the mixed-alkali faience from Europe or the Eurasian Steppe, the soda-enriched faience from West Asia, and the local products rich in potash. However, faience samples adorning coffins are all local products, and the quality is rougher compared to the faience decorating the body. This unique feature is hardly found in other tombs of Zhou elites. As faience was a precious personal ornament in other stronger polities, it was already available as a general coffin decoration in such a small-economy feudal state, so faience samples decorating coffins were not likely to be precious gifts from other elites. It is reasonable to assume that faience beads adorning coffins might have been made near the ruins. This investigation is significant to reveal the cultural exchange in the western frontier of the Zhou realm that dates back to the power decline of the Western Zhou period and highlight a possible high-potash faience production area. |
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[] | Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else. | The evaluation of goal-directed activities to promote well-being and health in heart failure: EUROIA scale. | Abstract: BACKGROUND: The EvalUation of goal-diRected activities to prOmote well-beIng and heAlth (EUROIA) scale is a novel patient-reported measure that was administered to individuals with chronic heart failure (CHF). It assesses goal-directed activities that are self-reported as being personally meaningful and commonly utilized to optimize health-related quality of life (HRQL). Our aim was to evaluate psychometric properties of the EUROIA, and to determine if it accounted for novel variance in its association with clinical outcomes.METHODS: This study was a secondary analysis of the CHF-CePPORT trial, which enrolled 231 CHF patients: median age=59.5 years, 23% women. Baseline assessments included: EUROIA, Kansas City Cardiomyopathy Questionnaire-Overall Summary (KCCQ-OS), Patient Health Questionnaire-9 for depression (PHQ-9), and the Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7). 12-month outcomes included health status (composite index of incident hospitalization or emergency department, ED, visit) and mental health (PHQ-9 and GAD-7).RESULTS: Exploratory Principal Axis Factoring identified four EUROIA factors with satisfactory internal reliability: i.e., activities promoting eudaimonic well-being (McDondald's omega=0.79), social affiliation (⍺=0.69), self-affirmation (⍺=0.73), and fulfillment of social roles/responsibilities (Spearman-Brown coefficient=0.66). Multivariable logistic regression indicated that not only was the EUROIA inversely associated with incidence of 12-month hospitalization/ED visits independent of the KCCQ-OS (Odds Ratio, OR=0.95, 95% Confidence Interval, CI, 0.91, 0.98), but it was also associated with 12-month PHQ-9 (OR=0.91, 95% CI, 0.86, 0.97), and GAD-7 (OR=0.94, 95% CI, 0.90, 0.99) whereas the KCCQ-OS was not.CONCLUSION: The EUROIA provides a preliminary taxonomy of goal-directed activities that promote HRQL among CHF patients independently from a current gold standard state-based measure.CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION: NCT01864369; https://classic.CLINICALTRIALS: gov/ct2/show/NCT01864369 . |
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[] | Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else. | Settler memory and Indigenous counter-memories: narrative struggles over the history of colonialism in Aotearoa New Zealand | Abstract: As with other settler colonies, Aotearoa New Zealand has seen a long-running conflict between a Euro-centric 'master narrative' of the historical past and Indigenous counter-narratives. Previous research on these narrative struggles adopts the 'top-down' perspective on collective remembering, focusing primarily on how memory entrepreneurs deploy cultural texts and practices to construct particular representations of history. To broaden the methodological scope, the analysis developed in this paper follows the 'bottom-up' approach, which makes it possible to map the distribution of collective memories across individuals and investigate their attitudinal effects. By means of a rigorous survey study (N = 1,066), the paper reveals three key findings about collective remembering in Aotearoa New Zealand. First, individuals in the 'critical years' of adolescence are more open to weaving Indigenous Maori perspectives into their understandings of history than older generations. Second, when compared to the monocultural master narrative, historical reconstructions that reflect Maori experiences promote a more inclusive understanding of national identity and generate public support for redressing historical injustices against Maori. Third, the empirical analysis finds no evidence for claims made by conservative political actors that creating space for the articulation of Maori histories perpetuates social division and weakens popular identification with the nation. |
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[] | Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else. | Quantitative spectroscopic characterization of laser-induced effects on oil paint films using 213, 266, or 2940 nm | Abstract: Removal of aged varnish layers from easel paintings is a challenging task requiring methodologies capable of preventing any alteration of the underlying painted surface. Laser-ablation approaches using the fourth and fifth harmonics of a Q-Switched Nd:YAG (266 and 213 nm, 15 ns) and Free-Running Er:YAG laser (2940 nm, 160 mu s pulses) can allow for very thin removal rates but their discrimination of the underlying paint film and self-termination potential are very limited. Thus, there is a need to develop suitable analytical methods for promptly identifying the possible occurrence of any undesired effect on the paint layer beneath the varnish, which is intentionally or unintentionally irradiated during the laser thinning treatment. Such side effects depend on the irradiation parameters and the specific material features of the pictorial film. Linseed oil paint models were prepared using lead white, vermilion, chrome yellow, ultramarine, Prussian blue and zinc white. Two distinct pigment volume concentrations (PVC) were used to investigate the dependence of the laser-induced alterations on oil binder volume ratio: low PVC (gloss paint) and high PVC (matte paint). After determining threshold exposure limits for each laser wavelength, laser-induced effects slightly above the threshold fluence were qualitatively and quantitatively assessed using FTIR and mu-Raman spectroscopies. Results showed that IR-reflectance bands of glossy and matte films exhibited appreciable shifts and distortion upon laser irradiation while reductions of the signal-tobackground ratio were observed in mu Raman spectra. The developed method, based on the processing of a number of spectral acquisitions, enabled for the first time the quantitative assessment and comparison of the corresponding undesired laser-induced effects in the outermost painted layer.(c) 2023 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Masson SAS on behalf of Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR). This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ ) |
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[] | Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else. | Being alive to the world: an artist's perspective on predictive processing | Abstract: I consider predictive processing (PP) from the perspective of an artist who also conducts scientific research into art and perception. This paper presents artworks I have made and statements from other artists that exemplify some of PP's core principles. But it also raises questions about the extent to which current applications of PP theory provide a comprehensive account of art experience. Prediction error minimization, a key mechanism of PP, has been proposed as a cause of positive aesthetic affect because artworks offer opportunities for reward through disambiguation and learning. However, there are many cases where prediction errors proliferate in art experiences in a way that enhances aesthetic affect. Here I suggest the inability of our perceptual systems to minimize prediction errors when beholding certain artworks can evoke heightened states of fascination and exhilaration. Moreover, powerful artworks provide opportunities for maximizing prediction errors, within certain bounds, by evoking states of paradox, contradiction and illogicality. I conclude that beholding such artworks can intensify our sense of being by making us more alive to the world.This article is part of the theme issue 'Art, aesthetics and predictive processing: theoretical and empirical perspectives'. |
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[] | Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else. | Iron and lead in Notre-Dame de Paris: An interdisciplinary perspective | Abstract: The construction of cathedral Notre -Dame de Paris sheds new light on the use of iron and lead in the building. It encourages one to question the evolution of practices related to these metals over the centuries. On the one hand, the restoration work has brought to light various armatures, chains and series of iron staples that were previously unknown, the study of which makes it possible to specify their role in the structure of the building, their chronology, but also their quality and origin. Research is also being carried out into the various uses of lead (roofing, decoration, sealing, etc.) and the practices of craftsmen at different times. The identification of the lead sources is carried out by means of elemental and isotopic analyses, making it possible to highlight recycling practices, as well as to trace the lead possible contribution to the pollution of the environment. An interdisciplinary research group on metal bringing together archaeologists, archaeometers, chemists, art historians and heritage specialists has been set up within Notre -Dame scientific research program to jointly address all these issues. (c) 2022 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved. |
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[] | Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else. | Physical meaning of conditionally convergent series: the calculation of the Madelung constant | Abstract: Conditionally convergent series are infinite series whose result depends on the order of the sum. One of the most famous examples of conditionally convergent series of interest in Physics is the calculation of Madelung's constant alpha in ionic crystals. The appearance of this type of series is quite disturbing to students and often causes misunderstandings. In this work we analyze the physical meaning of the conditional convergence from a pedagogical point of view. The problem is posed using a toy model of ionic crystal in which the lattice sums can be calculated explicitly for various forms of expansion of the crystal about a central core. It is seen directly how the Coulomb series does not converge to alpha when there are charge accumulations on the surfaces. Therefore, it becomes clear what the appropriate strategy should be when choosing the order of summation to arrive at the correct value of alpha. |
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[] | Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else. | Development of a composite microbial agent beneficial to improve drought and salt tolerance of Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch. | Abstract: Plant growth is enhanced by microbiological agents. In order to develop environment friendly composite microbial agent that can also improve the salt and drought tolerance of plants, the orthogonal experiment and response surface methodology were used to screen nutrients and fermentation conditions of composite microbial agent, and pot experiment was conducted to validate the application effect of optimized and complex microbial agent. Compatibility test showed that G2 (Bacillus cereus) and G5 (Bacillus pumilus) did not show any inhibitory effect on each other's growth in nutrient agar, moreover, in both the growth promotion characteristics and the seed germination tests, G2+G5 showed a synergistic effect. The process optimization results showed that the optimal carbon and nitrogen sources for the medium nutrients was maltose and yeast extract, and the optimal carbon-nitrogen ratio was 5:1; the optimal fermentation conditions included initial pH at 5.17, inoculation amount of 2.28%, liquid volume of 105.96 mL(250 mL)-1 , and incubation temperature at 30.06celcius. Pot experiment showed that application with composite microbial agent was able to increase antioxidant enzyme activities, ascorbat, proline content, and reduce reactive oxygen species accumulation and membrane peroxidation of G. uralensis seedlings under salt-drought stress. In conclusion, the composite G2+G5 agent possessed remarkable synergistic effect for improve plant tolerance to drought combined with salt stress, suggesting a noticeble practical potential in agricultural practice, and it can be used to develop newtype environment friendly microbial fertilizer. |
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[] | Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else. | Window Treatment-Bringing Art and Joy to Hospital Rooms | Abstract: This Arts and Medicine feature coauthored by a patient and her hospital clinicians describes the use of hand-drawn window art in hospital rooms as a way to bring color and creativity into inpatient settings and build community among hospital staff and patients. |
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[] | Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else. | Collaborative Relationship Modeling and Analysis of Natech Emergency Response Organizations Based on Stochastic Petri Net | Abstract: Natural hazard-triggered technological accidents (Natechs) are a type of multihazard coupled event with complex disaster evolution trends and serious consequences, resulting in high difficulty in collaborative responses. Currently, research on Natechs primarily revolves around evolutionary mechanisms and risk assessment. However, this complex form of disaster still requires relevant studies on response processes and organizational collaboration. The stochastic Petri net simulation method aligns well with this need, offering a suitable approach for addressing these gaps. Stochastic Petri nets (SPN) were introduced to clarify the Natech response process and analyze the synergistic relationship between organizations during the Natech response. First, the natech response process was framed by the logic of scenario-task-organization; the SPN's components were designed considering the characteristics of Natech events, and a proposal was made on how to construct the SPN model corresponding to a collaborative Natech response. Second, the performance of the analysis model was evaluated using the isomorphic Markov chain, and a method for examining organizational collaborative relationships was proposed. Finally, the model is validated by an example, and the characteristics of organizational task execution in Natech responses are summarized according to the busy probability of places and variation in the utilization of transitions. Analysis of task coordination relationships is proposed based on the SPN's structure, and the core and auxiliary workgroups are determined according to the actual task execution requirements to achieve better identification of responsible parties. Further, ways to improve Natech response collaboration are recommended: The role of the natural disaster response department is highlighted, for example, as it provides crucial information support during rescue operations. Relying solely on government departments may prove ineffective in responding to Natechs; thus, it may be necessary to involve social forces in the response effort. Flexible adjustments to deployment should be made to ensure the full utilization of limited disaster relief resources. |
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[] | Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else. | New horizons in undergraduate geriatric medicine education | Abstract: Current projections show that between 2000 and 2050, increasing proportions of older individuals will be cared for by a smaller number of healthcare workers, which will exacerbate the existing challenges faced by those who support this patient demographic. This review of a collection of Age and Ageing papers on the topic in the past 10 years explores (1) what best practice geriatrics education is and (2) how careers in geriatrics could be made more appealing to improve recruitment and retention. Based on these deeper understandings, we consider, as clinician educators, how to close the gap both pragmatically and theoretically. We point out paradigm shifting solutions that include innovations at the Undergraduate level, use of simulation, incorporation of learner and patient perspectives, upskilling professionals outside of Geriatrics and integration of practice across disciplines through Interprofessional Learning. We also identify an education research methodological gap. Specifically, there is an abundance of simple descriptive or justification studies but few clarification education studies; the latter are essential to develop fresh insights into how Undergraduate students can learn more effectively to meet the needs of the global ageing challenge. A case of improving understanding in delirium education is presented as an illustrative example of a new approach to exploring at greater depth education and outlines suggested directions for the future. |
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[] | Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else. | How being perceived to be an artist boosts feelings of attraction in others | Abstract: Music production is a universal phenomenon reaching far back into our past. Given its ubiquity, evolution theorists have postulated adaptive functions for music, such as strengthening in-group cohesion, intimidating enemies, or promoting child bonding. Here, we focus on a longstanding Darwinian hypothesis, suggesting that music production evolved as a vehicle to display an individual's biological fitness in courtship competition, thus rendering musicality a sexually selected trait. We also extend this idea to visual artists. In our design, we employed different versions of naturalistic portraits that manipulated the presence or absence of visual cues suggesting that the person was an artist or a non-artist (e.g., farmer, teacher, physician). Participants rated each portrayed person's appeal on multiple scales, including attractiveness, interestingness, sympathy, and trustworthiness. Difference scores between portrait versions revealed the impact of the artistic/non-artistic visual cues. We thus tested Darwin's hypothesis on both a within-subject and within-stimulus level. In addition to this implicit approach, we collected explicit ratings on the appeal of artists versus non-artists. The results demonstrate divergent findings for both types of data, with only the explicit statements corroborating Darwin's hypothesis. We discuss this divergence in detail, along with the particular role of interestingness revealed by the implicit data. |
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[] | Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else. | Integrating asset-specific flood vulnerability assessments with value-based preservation processes to develop the Heritage Building Flood Robustness Toolkit | Abstract: Climate change is posing a growing threat to cultural heritage buildings, and many cities lack the capacity to manage these risks. One significant challenge is flooding, which can cause significant damage to heritage buildings. A literature review identified gaps in current research on heritage adaptation, including: a lack of tools for assessing the vulnerability of asset-specific cultural heritage buildings to flooding and providing recommendations for adaptation; limited examples of successful architectural adaptation of cultural heritage buildings to flooding impacts; and insufficient consideration of values, such as aesthetic, in adaptation tools. In response to these gaps, we developed a Heritage Building Flood Robustness Toolkit that incorporates both architectural and engineering considerations. The Toolkit is designed as a decision support tool to assist asset owners and key stakeholders, such as community groups, to make more quantified and informed decisions on heritage adaptation. The Toolkit includes three key advancements: an enhanced component-based methodology for individual cultural heritage building flood vulnerability assessments; improved recommendation of adaptation strategies aided by component-based risk assessments; and integration of user values, including aesthetic implications, into adaptation recommendations through adopting a Structured Decision-Making process. The Toolkit was tested on two buildings in Cockatoo Island, Sydney (Australia) with different materials and construction techniques. The results highlight the Toolkit's ability to support decision-making through more precisely assessed adaptation strategies based on asset-specific flood damage assessments and its sensitivity to user preferences, particularly aesthetic impacts from adaptation implementation. The Toolkit can be used as an instrument by planners, designers, and councils to enhance the protection of cultural heritage against flooding in the future.(c) 2023 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Masson SAS on behalf of Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR). This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ ) |
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[] | Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else. | Anti-Muslim policy preferences and boundaries of American identity across partisanship | Abstract: Does American identity predict preferences for anti-democratic policies that aim to marginalize Muslim Americans? Absent significant priming of inclusive elements of American identity, we argue that individuals with stronger attachments to American identity will be less likely than their counterparts to reject a range of anti-Muslim policies that are antithetical to principles of religious liberty and equality. Across three surveys and multiple measures, American identity powerfully predicts preferences for curbing the civil liberties of Muslim citizens. Particularly striking is the finding that the effect of American identity spans the partisan divide; it consistently explains the endorsement of exclusionary policies among self-identified Democrats, who typically hold more progressive policy positions toward minority groups than Republicans. Overall, our study highlights the contradictory and exclusionary nature of American identity, which has important implications for minority groups constructed as outside the boundaries of Americanness. |
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[] | Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else. | Eyes of the machine: AI-assisted satellite archaeological survey in the Andes | Abstract: Archaeological surveys conducted through the inspection of high-resolution satellite imagery promise to transform how archaeologists conduct large-scale regional and supra-regional research. However, conducting manual surveys of satellite imagery is labour- and time-intensive, and low target prevalence substantially increases the likelihood of miss-errors (false negatives). In this article, the authors compare the results of an imagery survey conducted using artificial intelligence computer vision techniques (Convolutional Neural Networks) to a survey conducted manually by a team of experts through the Geo-PACHA platform (for further details of the project, see Wernke et al. 2023). Results suggest that future surveys may benefit from a hybrid approach-combining manual and automated methods-to conduct an AI-assisted survey and improve data completeness and robustness. |
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[] | Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else. | Sjogren: unique surname, two men, four syndromes and one disease | Abstract: Henrik and Torsten Sjogren (/integral omicron nu gr(sic)n/ or SHOH-gr(sic)n) were two Swedish physicians living in the same period, but completely unrelated, except for their notable contributions to Medicine. The first one described keratoconjunctivitis sicca, afterward called Sjogren's syndrome, and a fishing net aspect retinal pigmentation affecting visual acuity, nowadays known as Sjogren reticular dystrophy. The last one contributed to the understanding of Spielmeyer-Sjogren disease, Marinesco-Sjogren, and Sjogren-Larsson syndromes, all related to genetic disorders and neurological symptoms. In this paper, we aim to describe each disorder, in order to avoid any misunderstanding in diagnosis and for historical record. |
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[] | Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else. | The impact of leader humor on employee job crafting: a self-determination perspective | Abstract: PurposeThe purpose of the research is to examine the impact of leader humor on employee job crafting. Using the insights from self-determination theory (SDT), we investigate the underlying mechanism of employees' flow at work and the moderating role of employees' playfulness trait.Design/methodology/approachWe adopted a three-wave field survey of 306 employees recruited from various industries. The moderated mediation model was examined using latent structural equation model analysis.FindingsResults revealed that leader humor positively affected employees' flow at work and subsequent job crafting. Moreover, both the direct effect of leader humor on employees' flow at work and the indirect effect of leader humor on employees' job crafting via flow at work were amplified by employees' playfulness trait.Practical implicationsLeaders are encouraged to use jokes and humorous language to facilitate job crafting among playful subordinates. Organizations can create a work environment conducive to flow at work through job redesign, regardless of employees' levels of playfulness trait.Originality/valueThe paper uncovers the critical role of flow in the relationship between leader humor and employee job crafting and identifies employees' playfulness trait as a boundary condition in which leader humor works. |
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[] | Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else. | The Role of Social Media Advertisement and Physical Activity on Eating Behaviors among the General Population in Saudi Arabia. | Abstract: Over the past few decades, people in Saudi Arabia have become less inclined to adopt active lifestyles and healthy eating habits due to the increasing use of digital technologies such as social media. The objective of this online-based cross-sectional study was to assess the role of social media food advertisements and physical activity on eating behaviors among the general population in Saudi Arabia (n = 471). Data were collected through a structured questionnaire, which consisted of four parts: (i) sociodemographic information, (ii) attitude towards social media, (iii) eating behaviors-related information, and (iv) exposure to and engagement with social media advertisements. The study's outcome variable, eating behaviors (healthy vs. unhealthy), was assessed using the following question: Are you on a healthy diet (such as a balanced diet, keto, or low carb)? A multiple binary logistic regression analysis was performed to investigate the factors that influence unhealthy eating behaviors. Approximately 79.6% of the participants had unhealthy eating behaviors. Participants who were not involved in daily physical activity were more likely to have unhealthy eating behaviors compared to their counterparts (adjusted odds ratio, AOR = 4.86). Participants who watched food ads on social media channels 1-3 times a week (AOR = 2.58) or daily (AOR = 3.49) were more likely to have unhealthy eating behaviors than their counterparts. Participants whose appetite to try foods increases always (AOR = 1.42) or usually (AOR = 2.88) after viewing ads on social media were more likely to have unhealthy eating behaviors. These findings suggest that policymakers should take immediate action to regulate food advertising policy to promote a healthy food environment across the country. Saudis should be encouraged to engage in more physical activity, which could support the maintenance of healthy eating patterns and lifestyles. |
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[] | Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else. | A study on behavioral intentions of artificial intelligence learning platform: comparing the perspectives of teachers and students | Abstract: Artificial Intelligence Learning Platform (AILP) plays a key role in AI education. However, there are few studies investigating the behavioral intentions of teachers and students on using AILP and the sample size is small. This study examines factors affecting the behavioral intentions of 299 teachers and 347 students from China on using AILP. Perceived Playfulness is integrated into the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT) model as the theoretical framework. Moreover, this study analyzes the moderating effects of gender, age, experience, voluntariness of use, teachers' teaching level, teaching experience, and students' major. The results of research through two structural equation models show that: (1) Students focus more on performance expectancy, whereas teachers are more concerned with perceived playfulness. (2) Students are easily affected by social influence, while teachers are not. (3) Both teachers and students are impacted by effort expectancy and facilitating conditions. This research provides a scientific comparison of affecting factors about behavioral intentions on using AILP between teachers and students, which can be used by researchers and AILP designers to optimize AILP design for better AI education. |
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[] | Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else. | In full swing: Analytical strategies for the conservation assessment of operating Industrial Heritage machinery | Abstract: The condition assessment of Industrial Heritage machinery in operation is an open research subject of utmost importance for defining conservation and maintenance plans. The present work approaches this issue by proposing the study of Industrial Heritage machinery that includes the assessment of substrates, coatings, lubricants and operating mechanisms by applying analytical techniques currently used for heritage studies together with techniques employed in condition monitoring of modern machinery. An early 20th century steam engine from the Vale de Milhacos Gunpowder Factory (Portugal), in operation for demonstration purposes, was selected as a case study. The engine metallic alloys and coatings were studied by XRF and Raman spectroscopies, and the main properties of lubricants studied according to EN ISO and ASTM standard tests. Metallic particles present in the oil due to wear were assessed by XRF. The mechanisms were examined by gamma radiography, magnetoscopy, thermography and vibrational analysis. Data showed the use of distinct alloys according to the engine components' function similar to those reported for the same period. Green copper phthalocyanine and toluidine red identified as coatings' pigments are typical from the late 20th century and thus ascribed to a previous repair. The properties of the fresh and used lubricants are slightly different but without evidence of a significant alteration that could endanger the machine's functioning. However, the presence of metallic particles in the oil suggested the existence of wear phenomena. The engine's operating speed (51 rpm) and the vapour temperature ( approximate to 154 degrees C) attained inside the cylinder were indirectly determined. The presence of cracks on the engine structure was assessed, and possible faults that can imperil the engine functioning were analysed. The vibrational analysis of equipment in operation revealed a lack of lubrication and wear on the feed pump journal bearings. (c) 2023 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Masson SAS on behalf of Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR). This is an open access article under the CC BY -NC -ND license ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ ) |
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[] | Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else. | CONCEPTUAL DISTANCE AND ALGEBRAS OF CONCEPTS | Abstract: We show that the conceptual distance between any two theories of first-order logic is the same as the generator distance between their Lindenbaum-Tarski algebras of concepts. As a consequence of this, we show that, for any two arbitrary mathematical structures, the generator distance between their meaning algebras (also known as cylindric set algebras) is the same as the conceptual distance between their first-order logic theories. As applications, we give a complete description for the distances between meaning algebras corresponding to structures having at most three elements and show that this small network represents all the possible conceptual distances between complete theories. As a corollary of this, we will see that there are only two non-trivial structures definable on three-element sets up to conceptual equivalence (i.e., up to elementary plus definitional equivalence). |
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[] | Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else. | Preventable Premature Deaths from the Five Leading Causes of Death in Nonmetropolitan and Metropolitan Counties, United States, 2010-2022. | Abstract: Problem/Condition: A 2019 report quantified the higher percentage of potentially excess (preventable) deaths in U.S. nonmetropolitan areas compared with metropolitan areas during 2010-2017. In that report, CDC compared national, regional, and state estimates of preventable premature deaths from the five leading causes of death in nonmetropolitan and metropolitan counties during 2010-2017. This report provides estimates of preventable premature deaths for additional years (2010-2022).Period Covered: 2010-2022.Description of System: Mortality data for U.S. residents from the National Vital Statistics System were used to calculate preventable premature deaths from the five leading causes of death among persons aged <80 years. CDC's National Center for Health Statistics urban-rural classification scheme for counties was used to categorize the deaths according to the urban-rural county classification level of the decedent's county of residence (1: large central metropolitan [most urban], 2: large fringe metropolitan, 3: medium metropolitan, 4: small metropolitan, 5: micropolitan, and 6: noncore [most rural]). Preventable premature deaths were defined as deaths among persons aged <80 years that exceeded the number expected if the death rates for each cause in all states were equivalent to those in the benchmark states (i.e., the three states with the lowest rates). Preventable premature deaths were calculated separately for the six urban-rural county categories nationally, the 10 U.S. Department of Health and Human Services public health regions, and the 50 states and the District of Columbia.Results: During 2010-2022, the percentage of preventable premature deaths among persons aged <80 years in the United States increased for unintentional injury (e.g., unintentional poisoning including drug overdose, unintentional motor vehicle traffic crash, unintentional drowning, and unintentional fall) and stroke, decreased for cancer and chronic lower respiratory disease (CLRD), and remained stable for heart disease. The percentages of preventable premature deaths from the five leading causes of death were higher in rural counties in all years during 2010-2022. When assessed by the six urban-rural county classifications, percentages of preventable premature deaths in the most rural counties (noncore) were consistently higher than in the most urban counties (large central metropolitan and fringe metropolitan) for the five leading causes of death during the study period.During 2010-2022, preventable premature deaths from heart disease increased most in noncore (+9.5%) and micropolitan counties (+9.1%) and decreased most in large central metropolitan counties (-10.2%). Preventable premature deaths from cancer decreased in all county categories, with the largest decreases in large central metropolitan and large fringe metropolitan counties (-100.0%; benchmark achieved in both county categories in 2019). In all county categories, preventable premature deaths from unintentional injury increased, with the largest increases occurring in large central metropolitan (+147.5%) and large fringe metropolitan (+97.5%) counties. Preventable premature deaths from CLRD decreased most in large central metropolitan counties where the benchmark was achieved in 2019 and increased slightly in noncore counties (+0.8%). In all county categories, preventable premature deaths from stroke decreased from 2010 to 2013, remained constant from 2013 to 2019, and then increased in 2020 at the start of the COVID-19 pandemic. Percentages of preventable premature deaths varied across states by urban-rural county classification during 2010-2022.Interpretation: During 2010-2022, nonmetropolitan counties had higher percentages of preventable premature deaths from the five leading causes of death than did metropolitan counties nationwide, across public health regions, and in most states. The gap between the most rural and most urban counties for preventable premature deaths increased during 2010-2022 for four causes of death (cancer, heart disease, CLRD, and stroke) and decreased for unintentional injury. Urban and suburban counties (large central metropolitan, large fringe metropolitan, medium metropolitan, and small metropolitan) experienced increases in preventable premature deaths from unintentional injury during 2010-2022, leading to a narrower gap between the already high (approximately 69% in 2022) percentage of preventable premature deaths in noncore and micropolitan counties. Sharp increases in preventable premature deaths from unintentional injury, heart disease, and stroke were observed in 2020, whereas preventable premature deaths from CLRD and cancer continued to decline. CLRD deaths decreased during 2017-2020 but increased in 2022. An increase in the percentage of preventable premature deaths for multiple leading causes of death was observed in 2020 and was likely associated with COVID-19-related conditions that contributed to increased mortality from heart disease and stroke.Public Health Action: Routine tracking of preventable premature deaths based on urban-rural county classification might enable public health departments to identify and monitor geographic disparities in health outcomes. These disparities might be related to different levels of access to health care, social determinants of health, and other risk factors. Identifying areas with a high prevalence of potentially preventable mortality might be informative for interventions. |
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[] | Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else. | Continuity and climate change: the Neolithic coastal settlement of Habonim North, Israel | Abstract: Sedentary occupation of the southern Levantine coast spans from the Pre-Pottery Neolithic C to the Early Bronze Age Ib phase (c. 7000-3100 BC). Sites dating to the Early Pottery Neolithic (c. 6400-5500 BC) are scarce, however, potentially reflecting the effects of the 8.2ka climatic event. Here, the authors present the investigations at the submerged site of Habonim North off the Carmel Coast. Typological and radiocarbon dating indicate an Early Pottery Neolithic occupation and evidence for continuity of subsistence and economic strategies with both earlier and later Neolithic cultures. The results indicate the resilience of coastal communities in the face of significant climatic uncertainty and contribute to understanding human responses to environmental change. |
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[] | Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else. | GridlockED as an Intervention for Nurses (GAAIN) Study. | Abstract: BACKGROUND: GridlockED (The Game Crafter, LLC) is a serious game that was developed to teach challenges that face nursing and medical professionals in the emergency department (ED). However, few studies have explored nurses' perceptions of the utility, fidelity, acceptability, and applicability of the serious game modality. This study examined how ED nurses view GridlockED as a continuing education platform.METHOD: This single-center observational study explored how nurses engage with and respond to Grid-lockED. The convenience sample included participants recruited from a local continuing nursing education day. Participants completed a presurvey, engaged in a full game play session with the GridlockED game for approximately 45 minutes, and immediately completed a post-game play survey.RESULTS: Of the 48 participants (11 male, 37 female; 44 of 48 were RNs), most (91%) agreed that the workflow reflected in the game was equivalent to the flow in a typical ED. Almost all (96%) found the cases in the game reflective of real ED patients, and most (92%) found the game a useful educational tool to prepare new nurses to transition into the ED environment.CONCLUSION: The GridlockED game shows potential as a serious game to support nursing education, particularly for new ED nurse orientation and transition to ED practice. [J Contin Educ Nurs. 2024;55(5):231-238.]. |
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[] | Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else. | Reflective equilibrium in practice and model selection: a methodological proposal from a survey experiment on the theories of distributive justice | Abstract: In political philosophy, reflective equilibrium is a standard method used to systematically reconcile intuitive judgments with theoretical principles. In this paper, we propose that survey experiments and a model selection method-i.e., the Akaike Information Criterion (AIC)-based model selection method-can be viewed together as a methodological means of satisfying the epistemic desiderata implicit in reflective equilibrium. To show this, we conduct a survey experiment on two theories of distributive justice, prioritarianism and sufficientarianism. Our experimental test case and AIC-based model selection method demonstrate that the refined sufficientarian principle, a widely accepted principle of distributive justice, is no more plausible than the prioritarian principle. This tells us that some changes of certain intuitions revolving around sufficientarianism should be examined (separately) based on the findings of the survey experiment and AIC model selection. This shows the potential of our approach-both practically and methodologically-as a novel way of applying reflective equilibrium in political philosophy. |
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[] | Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else. | Current status and issues regarding surgical education in the region: a questionnaire survey in Oita prefecture in Japan | Abstract: Background The shortage and aging of surgeons in regional surgical care has been remarkable, and the importance of surgical education for young surgeons in the region is only increasing. However, there are very few reports about regional surgical education. This study aimed to clarify the current status and issues regarding surgical education in regional surgical care and to examine the ideal way to provide surgical education in the region. Methods Two questionnaire surveys were carried out. (1) Survey on the awareness regarding the education of young surgeons was conducted by mail in institutions where surgeons worked. (2) Survey on the current status of surgical education for young surgeons was conducted via the Internet with surgeons under 40 years old and mentors at the same facility. Results There were 175 respondents to survey (1), among whom 131 (75%) surgeons were interested in educating young surgeons, and 112 (64%) were actively participating in this educating. Regarding the best evaluation methods for mentors who are educating young surgeons, the most frequent answer was I don't know (51%). The number of respondents in survey (2) was 87, including 27 (31%) young surgeons and 60 (69%) mentors. Although there was no difference between young surgeons and mentors in the level of satisfaction with the current status of young surgeons, 37% of young surgeons in urban areas were dissatisfied with their current status, compared to 0% in the regional area (p < 0.05). Conclusions Although surgeons did not have confidence in their own education, the level of satisfaction among young surgeons was high even in those providing regional surgical care. Development of an evaluation system for surgical education is necessary for young surgeons to receive more effective surgical education in the region. |
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[] | Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else. | Stability Assessment of Shallow Soil Landslide and Activating Rainfall Threshold | Abstract: The transient rainfall infiltration and grid-based regional slope-stability (TRIGRS)-Scoops three-dimensional (3D) coupling model combines the influences of rainfall infiltration and 3D topography on slope safety. However, the Scoops 3D model defines the physical and mechanical parameters of underground materials with a uniform or layered method, which cannot describe the variability in the horizontal direction. To address this limitation, a method of creating a 3D distribution file of physical and mechanical parameters for underground materials was proposed. This method was applied to a mountainous area in Chishang Town, China. Based on the TRIGRS-Scoops 3D coupling model, the stability of slopes in the study area was assessed under different rainfall conditions. The dangerous slopes were located where the proportion of unstable grids exceeded 1%. The TRIGRS-Scoops 3D coupling model was repeatedly used to determine the curve of the rainfall threshold for landslide activation. This curve is based on the intensity (I) and duration (D) of rainfall. The results show that the 3D distribution file can effectively reflect the variability of parameters in the horizontal direction. The landslide activating rainfall threshold curves for the 13 dangerous slopes in the study area exhibit a linear relationship between lgI and lgD. This study can reveal slope stability under different rainfall conditions and provide a theoretical basis for landslide warnings. |
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[] | Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else. | The Slow Death of the Diorama: Tribal and Ethnographic Museums in India since Independence | Abstract: During colonial times, dioramas were commonly used to portray the diverse peoples of India. They depicted essentialised human types through plaster models in rural settings, engaged in typical activities, and dated back to the exhibition of human beings in universal expositions held in Calcutta, Delhi and London. Since Independence, there have been determined efforts to move away from colonial stereotypes and to decolonise government-funded museums in India. Meanwhile, Adivasi artists are finding their own way out of the curatorial confines of the museum. This paper describes how Indian museology still struggles to exorcise the ghosts of the Victorian museum and India's own internal colonialism. |
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[] | Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else. | Allocating municipal services to individuals with complex rehabilitation needs - a discourse analysis of individual administrative decision letters | Abstract: Background Rehabilitation is considered paramount for enhancing quality of life and reducing healthcare costs. As a result of healthcare reforms, Norwegian municipalities have been given greater responsibility for allocating rehabilitation services following discharge from hospital. Individual decision letters serve as the basis for implementing services and they have been described as information labels on the services provided by the municipality. They play an important role in planning and implementing the services in collaboration with the individual applicants. Research indicates that the implementation of policies may lead to unintended consequences, as individuals receiving municipal services perceive them as fragmented. This perception is characterised by limited user involvement and a high focus on body functions. The aim of this study was to examine how municipal decision letters about service allocation incorporate the recommendations made in the official national guideline and reflect a holistic approach to rehabilitation, coordination and user involvement for individuals with comprehensive needs.Methods The decision letters of ten individuals with moderate to severe brain injury allocating rehabilitation services in two municipalities were examined. It was assessed whether the content was in accordance with the authorities' recommendations, and a discourse analysis was conducted using four tools adapted from an established integrated approach.Results The letters primarily contained standard texts concerning legal and administrative regulations. They were predominantly in line with the official guideline to municipal service allocation. From a rehabilitation perspective, the focus was mainly on medically oriented care, scarcely referring to psychosocial needs, activity, and participation. The intended user involvement seemed to vary between active and passive status, while the coordination of services was given limited attention.Conclusions The written decision letters did fulfil legal and administrative recommendations for service allocation. However, they did not fulfil their potential to serve as a means of conveying rehabilitation issues, such as specification of the allocated services, a holistic approach to health, coordination, or the involvement of users in decision processes. These elements must be incorporated throughout the allocation process if the policies are to be implemented as intended. Findings can have international relevance for discussions between clinicians and policy makers. |
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[] | Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else. | The relationship between nutritional status and white matter integrity in older adults: A diffusion tensor imaging study. | Abstract: OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study to determinate whether there is a relationship between the nutritional status and white matter integrity in older patients by using Diffusion Tensor Imaging (DTI).METHODS: The patients were evaluated by Mini-Nutritional Assessment Scale. The patients are categorized in the groups of well-nourished, risk of malnutrition, or malnourished, depending on the overall score> 23.5, 17-23.5, or 17; respectively. All patients had brain MRI and DTI. The mean diffusivity (MD), fractional anisotropy (FA), axial diffusivity (AD) and radial diffusivity (RD) values were calculated by ROI-based method in white matter tracts.RESULTS: Total of the 224 patients; 86 patients had normal nutrition status (group 1), 107 patients were diagnosed with malnutrition risk (group 2) and 31 patients were diagnosed with malnutrition (group 3). Significantly decreased FA values of genu of corpus callosum, forceps minor and significantly increased MD values of middle cerebellar peduncle, and superior frontooccipital fasciculus were detected in group 2 in comparison to group 1 (p<0.05). After adjusting for the folate and age, MD and RD values of cingulum remained significantly higher and the AD values of superior cerebellar peduncle remained significantly lower in group 3 (p<0.05).CONCLUSIONS: Malnutrition was associated with deteriorated DTI values, especially in cingulum and superior cerebellar peduncle. Assessing the nutritional status of older individuals is crucial to avoid its negative impact on brain.ADVANCES IN KNOWLEDGE: Early diagnosis of malnutrition-related impaired WM integrity is important for prevention and intervention, and DTI is a useful non-invasive technique to be used for this purpose. |
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[] | Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else. | The Role of Opportunity to Learn and School Socioeconomic Composition in Reducing Racial and Gendered Disparities in Mathematics Achievement | Abstract: Mathematics literacy is crucial in many STEM fields, yet Black and Hispanic students are less likely to achieve high math proficiency. While previous literature investigated potential factors to mitigate racial or gendered disparities in mathematics literacy, few studies attended to the conditions under which the causal interpretation of the results obtained can be established. Guided by intersectionality theory and causal decomposition analysis, we examined the degree to which disparities in mathematics literacy (a) exist at the intersection of race and gender and (b) can be reduced by hypothetical interventions that equalize school socioeconomic status (SES) or opportunity to learn (OTL) across groups. We found large racial/ethnic differences in math literacy favoring Asians and whites and much smaller gender differences. We also found that equalizing school SES may reduce disparities for Black and Hispanic males and females; equalizing OTL may reduce disparities for Black and Hispanic males as well as Asian males and females; compared to white males. Our findings suggest that interventions that target specific race-gender groups are required to reduce disparities in math literacy. |
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[] | Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else. | Unveiling the microstructure, materials, and painting period of ancient wall paintings at Shanxi Xianqing Temple, China | Abstract: In this study, the materials and microstructure of ancient Chinese wall paintings from the Song-Jin period Xianqing temple were investigated using optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, attenuated total reflection-Fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectroscopy, and pyrolysis-gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (Py-GC/MS). Apart from comparing and analyzing the microstructures, materials, and painting styles of the wall paintings, radiocarbon accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS), in particular bomb pulse dating, was employed for the first time to determine the dating of the ancient Chinese wall paintings. Morphological results showed that the wall paintings on the east and west walls comprised a pigment layer, an underpainting layer made by chalk, and a soil layer. Raman spectroscopy confirmed that the pigments used included lazurite, green earth, massicot, amorphous carbon black, cinnabar, and chalk. In addition, a comparative analysis of the wall paintings with significantly different painting styles revealed that the wall paintings had not been repainted. The analytical results of radiocarbon content obtained by AMS revealed that the soil layers of the wall paintings were made in the Ming Dynasty (1368 to1644 AD), while the dating results of the underpainting layer further confirmed that the ancient wall paintings might be painted in 1963 AD or 1968 to 1972 AD. Microscopic and ATR-FTIR analyses further confirmed that the fibers detected in the underpainting layers of the wall paintings contained cotton. Based on the Py-GC/MS analysis, the presence of hydrocarbon compounds provided evidence of wax being used as binders in the wall paintings. |
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[] | Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else. | The First Monumental Burials in the 5th Millennium BC: Unresolved Questions About the Emergence of the 'Passy Phenomenon' | Abstract: Funerary monuments appeared shortly after the arrival of the first farmers along the Atlantic Coast of continental Europe, during the first half of the fifth millennium. These enormous constructions, belonging to the 'Passy' phenomenon, can measure over 350 m in length and were erected to commemorate high-status individuals. No funerary evidence from the previous period hints at the emergence of these monuments. They do not exhibit any geographical continuity, originating from different cultural substrates. Nevertheless, these structures are characterized by the repetition of specific traits, including their layout and their spatial articulation, as well as a high degree of gender segregation and a focus on hunting or archery. This convergence reflects a well-established social structure and ideology, shared between communities. Moreover, it implies that the descendants of the two main cultures responsible for the spread of agriculture in Europe, the Linearbandkeramik and the Impresso-Cardial, which met at the end of the continent and which absorbed the descendants of the last hunter-gatherers, generated a new value system, and likely a new religious universe. While the funerary monumentality that appeared alongside the Passy phenomenon continued in the form of megaliths, the system eventually collapsed after a few centuries-which was to be expected, given its extreme character. |
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[] | Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else. | Physical prospective of polyamide 6 for the consolidation of fragile vegetable tanned Leather artifacts | Abstract: This study aims to determine the efficiency of Polyamide 6 in consolidating fragile vegetable-tanned leather artifacts. Through two proposed interaction strategies, molecular modeling calculations demonstrated how the proposed polyamide 6 structure can protect vegetable-tanned leather from deteriorating environmental conditions. The total dipole moment was calculated as a potential descriptor of structure reactivity, and all of PA6 and the two proposed interaction models reveal poor reactive behavior when compared to pristine structures, confirming its capabilities as a protective layer. Furthermore, electrostatic potential maps were created to enhance PA6' s ability to safeguard leather artifacts and transform them into neutral, non-reactive substances. It was also created new vegetable-tanned leather prototypes. Polyamide 6 was produced in various concentrations and impregnated into the aged untreated samples. The evaluation process used some physical qualities (digital and scanning electron microscopes, color change, water absorption, and water vapor permeability). All examinations and investigations revealed that 2% and 3% concentrations produced the best results, while the concentration of 5% produced the worst. As a result, this study suggests employing 2% and 3% concentrations to treat historical and archaeologically fragile vegetable-tanned leather objects. (c) 2024 Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR). Published by Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved. |
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[] | Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else. | Empire of Impartiality: Managing Indebtedness to Foreigners in Eighteenth-Century China | Abstract: Recent scholarship highlights the role of commercial credit, often backed by the power of the state, in creating conditions of subordination in the expansion of European empires. Less attention has been paid to how such indebtedness was understood and handled by the counterpart states, thereby missing the opportunity to appreciate other modes of interaction between private credit and imperial construction. This article investigates the framework under which the eighteenth-century Qing empire dealt with accusations brought against indebted Chinese merchants by external parties. I stress the importance of bringing Sino-Western and intra-Asian cases into a single analytic frame to reflect the Qing empire's comprehensive approach to the maritime frontier. In these cases, the Qing emperor intervened to help foreigners recover their funds and even assumed unbound liability as a last resort. Buttressing such practices was a foundational principle of the Qing imperial formation: that the emperor's claim to universal sovereignty rested upon his utmost impartiality toward the 'inner and outer' - a contrasting pair based on shifting relativity rather than fixed territoriality. This study highlights the importance of understanding the different modes of mutual constitution between how an empire imagined and managed different groups of people it ruled over or encountered and the practical parameters of its political economy in global history. |
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[] | Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else. | Exploring the Performance of ChatGPT-4 in the Taiwan Audiologist Qualification Examination: Preliminary Observational Study Highlighting the Potential of AI Chatbots in Hearing Care. | Abstract: Background: Artificial intelligence (AI) chatbots, such as ChatGPT-4, have shown immense potential for application across various aspects of medicine, including medical education, clinical practice, and research.Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the performance of ChatGPT-4 in the 2023 Taiwan Audiologist Qualification Examination, thereby preliminarily exploring the potential utility of AI chatbots in the fields of audiology and hearing care services.Methods: ChatGPT-4 was tasked to provide answers and reasoning for the 2023 Taiwan Audiologist Qualification Examination. The examination encompassed six subjects: (1) basic auditory science, (2) behavioral audiology, (3) electrophysiological audiology, (4) principles and practice of hearing devices, (5) health and rehabilitation of the auditory and balance systems, and (6) auditory and speech communication disorders (including professional ethics). Each subject included 50 multiple-choice questions, with the exception of behavioral audiology, which had 49 questions, amounting to a total of 299 questions.Results: The correct answer rates across the 6 subjects were as follows: 88% for basic auditory science, 63% for behavioral audiology, 58% for electrophysiological audiology, 72% for principles and practice of hearing devices, 80% for health and rehabilitation of the auditory and balance systems, and 86% for auditory and speech communication disorders (including professional ethics). The overall accuracy rate for the 299 questions was 75%, which surpasses the examination's passing criteria of an average 60% accuracy rate across all subjects. A comprehensive review of ChatGPT-4's responses indicated that incorrect answers were predominantly due to information errors.Conclusions: ChatGPT-4 demonstrated a robust performance in the Taiwan Audiologist Qualification Examination, showcasing effective logical reasoning skills. Our results suggest that with enhanced information accuracy, ChatGPT-4's performance could be further improved. This study indicates significant potential for the application of AI chatbots in audiology and hearing care services. |
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[] | Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else. | A Heritage Digital Twin ontology-based description of Giovanni Baronzio's Crucifixion of Christ analytical investigation | Abstract: The methodologies of Cultural Heritage research and in particular those related to conservation and the analytical study of heritage assets and works of art, recently grouped under the term Heritage Sciences, engage a broad range of disciplines, each with its own characteristic workflows for generating data. Consequently, an emerging challenge is the need to define a digital framework for multi-source data integration, associated with a single heritage asset, but generated by various tools and methods which are often pursued by different research groups and at different times. This digital framework is discussed in this essay as the digital twin of a heritage asset, comprising of the documentation data associated with a heritage asset and its virtual representation. To best describe and define a Heritage Digital Twin ontology and its associated knowledge graph, we use a specific example drawing from art historical and analytical investigation of a 13th century Italian painting masterpiece, the Crucifixion of Christ, by Giovanni Baronzio, one of the leaders of the so-called Rimini School of painting which was greatly influenced by the work of the famous Renaissance master Giotto di Bondone. (c) 2023 Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR). Published by Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved. |
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[] | Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else. | Marian Zdziechowski's work On Cruelty (1928-1938). Between past and present | Abstract: The following article begins with my recollection of the only academic conference on Zdziechowski that was organised still under the communist regime in the autumn of 1984 at the Jagiellonian University and ends with a description of the discussion on the genesis and power of evil, with the participation of Czeslaw Milosz and Leszek Kolakowski, which was triggered in Poland immediately after the publication of the last edition of On Cruelty in 1993. On Cruelty was first published in 1928 in the journal Przeglad Wspolczesny [Contemporary Review] in Krakow, a second time in 1938 in the volume of articles In the Face of the End, Krakow 1938, and a third - and so far last - time also in Krakow in 1993. On Cruelty, published three times but so far only in Polish, has never been thoroughly analysed or even discussed, which is why this article focuses on discussing it and related questions about the origins and nature of evil, mainly in Europe and Asia, from the earliest times to the present. Zdziechowski was particularly outraged when the cruelty he condemned was justified by religion, especially Christianity (Catholic and Protestant). From these condemnations, he described the activities of the Inquisition, the witch trials, cruelty to animals, and - in the introduction - the psychology of cruelty. At the same time, however, he meticulously listed the names of those political and spiritual leaders in Europe and Asia, theologians and thinkers, who, over many centuries, up to the present day, have resolutely spoken out against evil, including cruelty, within and outside the Church. A separate and important issue is Zdziechowski's attitude to Tsarist Russia and Bolshevism, as outlined in his work On Cruelty. On the one hand, he pointed out that at least two rulers of Russia before 1917 - Ivan the Terrible and Peter the Great - had made major contributions to the history of cruelty in Europe and Asia. But Bolshevism, which Zdziechowski condemned in the strongest terms, was in his eyes not a continuation of pre-1917 Russian despotism, but emanated from the depths of Asia. |
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[] | Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else. | Paying attention to attention: psychological realism and the attention economy | Abstract: In recent years, philosophers have identified a number of moral and psychological harms associated with the attention economy (Aylsworth and Castro, In Journal of Applied Philosophy 38:662-673, 2021; Castro and Pham, In Philosophers' Imprint 20:1-13, 2020; Williams, In Stand out of our light: Freedom and resistance in the attention economy, Cambridge University Press, 2018). Missing from many of these accounts of the attention economy, however, is what exactly attention is. As a result of this neglect of the cognitive science of attention, many of these accounts are not empirically credible. They rely on oversimplified and unsophisticated accounts of not only attention, but selfcontrol, and addiction as well. Of note are accounts of the attention economy that rely on the 'brain disease' rhetoric of addiction and subsequent control failures (Aylsworth and Castro, In Journal of Applied Philosophy 38:662-673, 2021; Bhargava and Velasquez, In Business Ethics Quarterly 31:321-359, 2021), accounts that rely on a strict dichotomy of top-down vs. bottom-up attention (Williams, In Stand out of our light: Freedom and resistance in the attention economy, Cambridge University Press, 2018; Aylsworth and Castro, In Journal of Applied Philosophy 38:662-673, 2021), and accounts that construe attention as a limited resource (Williams, In Stand out of our light: Freedom and resistance in the attention economy, Cambridge University Press, 2018). Drawing on recent work from the neuroscience and psychology of attention, I demonstrate the shortcomings of these accounts and sketch a way forward for an empirically grounded account of the attention economy. These accounts tend to uphold strict dichotomies of voluntary control (e.g., compulsion versus choice, dual-process models of self-control, and top-down versus bottom-up) that cannot account for the complexities of attentional control, mental agency, and decision-making. As such, these empirically and conceptually impoverished accounts cannot adequately address the current so-called crisis of attention. To better understand the harms associated with the attention economy, we need an empirically responsible account of the nature and function of attention and mental agency. |
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[] | Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else. | Are the Effects of Terrorism Short-Lived? | Abstract: Terrorism elicits strong public reactions immediately after the attack, with important implications for democratic institutions and individual well-being. Are these effects short-lived? We answer this question using a natural experiment design and combining data on terrorist attacks in the United Kingdom with a Continuous Monitoring Survey. We find that heightened risk perceptions and emotional reactions in the wake of deadly attacks do not dissipate in the very short run but are sustained over time and up to 120 days after the attacks. Whereas large-scale attacks cause a long-lasting shift in risk assessments and emotions, the corresponding effect of smaller-scale terrorism incidents appears to subside within one month. Overall, the impact of terrorism does not fade away easily. |
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[] | Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else. | Randomized control trial on impact of clinical pharmacist led interventions on antibiotic stewardship program in children 0 to 18 years age in a tertiary care hospital in southern India. | Abstract: A prospective randomized controlled interventional study was conducted at a quaternary care multispecialty hospital in South India with the primary objective of identifying opportunities to improve antibiotic prescribing patterns in neonates, children, and adolescents. The hospital has a robust clinical pharmacist program wherein antibiotic prescriptions were checked for appropriateness of antibiotic dose, route, formulation, duration of therapy, and IV to oral switch. These characteristics of antibiotic use were therefore similar in the 75 children in the control and 75 in the intervention group. The additional clinical pharmacist interventions analyzed in this study included checking if a provisional diagnosis had been made before initiating antibiotics, ensuring that appropriate cultures were sent before starting antibiotics, time taken to optimize antibiotic therapy in accordance to the culture sensitivity report and whether the indication for antibiotics use was as per Indian Acdemy of Pediatrics (IAP) Drug Formulary recommendations. The main outcomes were that all these parameters except the first (all children had a clinical diagnosis before initiating antibiotic/s) were better in the intervention group and there was a significant reduction in the total antibiotic days, an increase in antibiotic-free days, and an improvement in the appropriateness of duration of antibiotic therapy and frequency of the antibiotic dosing. However, since the incidence of severe sepsis was higher in the intervention group, broad-spectrum and restricted antibiotics were used, and thus treatment costs were higher in this group. The results indicate that despite already existing clinical pharmacist interventions, additional ones could further improve antibiotic prescription accuracy significantly; and re-emphasized the need to employ trained pediatric general and subspecialty clinical pharmacists in sufficient numbers to implement a successful pediatric antibiotic stewardship program in a hospital. |
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[] | Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else. | Militant cynicism: Rethinking Private Eye in postwar Britain, ca. 1960-80 | Abstract: This article seeks to rethink the nature and significance of the fortnightly magazine Private Eye during its first two decades. Existing accounts have interpreted it almost exclusively through the lens of the satire boom (1961-63), and suggest that, in the final analysis, the magazine neither desired nor advanced any substantial critique of the political status quo. Besides neglecting its investigative facets, among other elements, these readings make the mistake of seeking to frame the significance of the magazine in conventional ideological terms. This article puts these neglected elements back into the picture and argues that the magazine is best understood as enacting a militant form of the kind of cynicism-at once outrageous and morally outraged-analyzed by Peter Sloterdijk and Michel Foucault, and other scholars in their wake. This provides a much more satisfying account of the many facets of Private Eye as these evolved during the 1960s and 1970s, including its affinities with various currents in postwar journalism and countercultural expression. Above all, it allows us to recast the politics of Private Eye as a form of moral protest that was expressed in the assumption of an intrinsically antagonistic relation toward politics and authority per se. |
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[] | Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else. | FutureCoast: A Playful Way to Assess Public Perceptions for Better Climate Change Communication | Abstract: We examine how the FutureCoast storytelling game creates an accessible, online space to explore the climate problem and its impacts, as well as to glean insights regarding player perceptions. Through FutureCoast, players imagine a climate-changed future by creating stories about an altered world. A total of 251 voicemail responses generated from game participants recruited through social media and other channels were coded and analyzed. Subject engagement with the storytelling game provided valuable data about climate change understanding, as well as rich, player-created narratives that document the complexity of public thinking about climate-changed futures. Commonly occurring themes include Adaptation, Challenge, Technology, Weather, Governance and Policy, and Food. FutureCoast participants perceived optimistic scenarios for technology, energy and mitigation, and pessimistic scenarios for weather, food, water and adaptation. From FutureCoast stories, we gain an understanding of public perceptions toward climate issues that can help communicators develop more informed and effective climate change communication strategies. Key policy highlightsThrough playful approaches, such as FutureCoast, we can gain an understanding of public perceptions toward climate issues that can help communicators develop more informed and effective climate change communication strategies.Using novel approaches such as games to understand perceptions can elicit information from people who would otherwise not engage in surveys or other research methods.An innovation of the FutureCoast approach is its ability to produce rich, player-created narratives, which can be analyzed to uncover complex thinking about climate-changed futures. Responses may reveal where the public identifies and voices emerging issues earlier than experts.Identifying optimistic and pessimistic trends around climate issues gives communicators the opportunity to re-frame negative climate perceptions toward actions and solutions, thus empowering their audiences with information that can elicit climate action. |
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[] | Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else. | Ian Wilmut, embryologist who helped to produce Dolly the sheep (1944-2023) | Abstract: Developmental biologist who led team that cloned the first mammal using adult cells. |
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[] | Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else. | Hypothesis Tests under Separation | Abstract: Separation commonly occurs in political science, usually when a binary explanatory variable perfectly predicts a binary outcome. In these situations, methodologists often recommend penalized maximum likelihood or Bayesian estimation. But researchers might struggle to identify an appropriate penalty or prior distribution. Fortunately, I show that researchers can easily test hypotheses about the model coefficients with standard frequentist tools. While the popular Wald test produces misleading (even nonsensical) p-values under separation, I show that likelihood ratio tests and score tests behave in the usual manner. Therefore, researchers can produce meaningful p-values with standard frequentist tools under separation without the use of penalties or prior information. |
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[] | Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else. | Leveraging on circular economy technologies for recombinant dynamics: do localised knowledge and digital complementarities matter? | Abstract: This paper investigates the relationship between local knowledge bases and recombinant dynamics in circular economy (CE) technologies. We focus on the role of accumulated green and digital complementary capabilities and posit that they are positively associated to the regional ability to absorb and integrate new technological opportunities in CE-based recombinations. The empirical analysis, conducted on a dataset of European NUTS2 regions over the period 1985-2015, suggests that both green and digital complementary localised capabilities represent crucial leverage for regional recombinant activities around CE technologies. |
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[] | Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else. | Assessing the mediating role of organizational justice between the responsible leadership and employee turnover intention in health-care sector. | Abstract: PURPOSE: The aim of this study is to investigate the extent to which organizational justice (OJ) mediates between responsible leadership (RL) and employee turnover intention (TI).DESIGN/METHODOLOGY/APPROACH: Both online and offline questionnaire was used to collect the data from 387 Indian health-care employees, and the data were analyzed using partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) with the help of SmartPLS 4.FINDINGS: The study's findings demonstrated a significant positive association between RL and OJ and a negative association between OJ and employee TI. Furthermore, results also confirmed the mediating role of OJ between RI and TI.RESEARCH LIMITATIONS/IMPLICATIONS: The generalizability of the study's data collection is limited because it is based on the responses of Indian health-care sector employees to an online and offline survey. The authors propose that the health-care sector uses RL as an approach that takes a broad view of the parties with a stake and focuses on creating fairness in acts and justice at the workplace to address the major issue of employee turnover.ORIGINALITY/VALUE: This study expanded on previous research by demonstrating that the influence of responsible leadership on employee TI is mediated by OJ in the context of India's health-care sector. It also contributes to the literature regarding RI, OJ and TI. The study also enriched the body of knowledge about using the PLS-SEM approach to predict employee TI. |
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[] | Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else. | From business models for public actors to public service provision models: Extending the business model concept to the public sector | Abstract: Every organization, knowingly or unknowingly, operates a business model. However, while private actors frequently make use of the business model concept to actively manage their service provision, public organizations struggle with adopting it. This has led to a separate literature stream in which public management scholars developed public sector adaptations of the business model concept. As the business model conceptualizations in the general and public management literatures diverge, insight transfer between both streams is becoming increasingly difficult. Building on the need for more conceptual alignment in business model research, this article explores how the divergent conceptualizations of business models in the general and public management literatures can be reintegrated. It first presents the results of a focused literature review to illustrate their commonalities and differences. The article then introduces an integrated business model framework for the private and public sectors to merge the findings of both streams as well as to provide a common language for public-private business model realization. By advocating an integrated approach, we aim to bridge the emerging gap between the general and public management business model literatures, thereby seeking to counteract the gap's adverse implications for business model research as well as practice. |
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[] | Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else. | Mortality and its predictors among human immunodeficiency virus-infected children younger than 15 years receiving antiretroviral therapy in Ethiopia: a systematic review and meta-analysis. | Abstract: BACKGROUND: Despite antiretroviral treatment (ART), the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) continues to pose a considerable health burden in resource-poor countries. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to determine the pooled incidence density of mortality and identify potential predictors among HIV-infected children receiving ART, from studies conducted in various parts of Ethiopia.METHODS: A comprehensive database search was made in Excerpta Medica, PubMed, Web of Science, African Journals Online, Google Scholar, and Scopus. We reported results following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis 2020. Excel Spreadsheet and STATA Version 14 software were used for data abstraction and meta-analysis, respectively. Statistical heterogeneity among studies was assessed using I2 statistics. Meta-regression and subgroup analysis were performed to further explore the sources of statistical heterogeneity. Moreover, publication bias and a leave-out-one sensitivity analysis were performed.RESULTS: Twenty-two articles involving 8,731 participants met inclusion criteria and were included. The pooled incidence density of mortality was 3.08 (95% confidence interval (CI), 2.52 to 3.64) per 100 child years. Predictors of mortality were living in rural areas (hazard ratio (HR), 2.18 [95% CI, 1.20 to 3.98]), poor adherence to ART (HR, 2.85 [ 95% CI, 1.39 to 5.88]), failure to initiate co-trimoxazole preventive therapy (HR, 2.16 [95% CI, 1.52 to 3.07]), anemia (HR, 2.28 [95% CI, 1.51 to 3.45]), opportunistic infections (HR, 1.52 [ 95% CI, 1.15 to 2.00]), underweight (HR, 1.74 [95% CI, 1.26 to 2.41]), wasting (HR, 2.54 [95% CI, 1.56 to 4.16]), stunting (HR, 2.02 [95% CI, 1.63 to 2.51]), World Health Organization classified HIV clinical stages III and IV (HR, 1.71 [95% CI, 1.42 to 2.05]), and Nevirapine-based regimens (HR, 3.91 [95% CI, 3.09 to 4.95]).CONCLUSIONS: This study found that the overall mortality rate among HIV-infected children after ART initiation was high. Therefore, high-level commitment and involvement of responsible caregivers, healthcare providers, social workers, and program managers are of paramount importance to identify these risk factors and thus enhance the survival of HIV-infected children receiving ART. |
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[] | Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else. | How Female Intellectuals Stopped Being Philosophers: On Anna Maria van Schurman in the Catalogues of Learned Women | Abstract: This article examines the figure of the female intellectual exemplified in Anna Maria van Schurman, as she is portrayed in the catalogues of learned women. The aim is to demonstrate the dramatic and unexpected changes that this persona undergoes during the eighteenth century. The article challenges the common misconception that gender roles progress throughout history towards an ideal of freedom and equality. Instead, I argue that we see a regression in the eighteenth century where the ideal of female intellectuality transforms from focusing on gender-neutral virtues such as academic skill and learnedness to emphasizing traditionally feminine traits like modesty, piety, and domesticity. The first part of the article introduces the genre of catalogues of learned women, focusing on the German context. The main part presents an in-depth analysis of the biographical entries on van Schurman, juxtaposing the early eighteenth-century portrayals with entries from the turn of the nineteenth century. The purpose of this analysis is to illustrate the radical discursive changes concerning women intellectuals by using van Schurman as case study. Finally, the last part of the article will be dedicated to a discussion of historical conceptualizations of womanhood, exploring why the gender narrative changed in the early modern period. |
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[] | Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else. | Fermenting the future - on the benefits of a bioart collaboration | Abstract: In this article we explore the intersection of science and art through a collaboration between us scientists and the bioartists Anna Dimitriu and Alex May, focusing on the interface of yeast biotechnology and art. The collaboration, originally initiated in 2018, resulted in three major artworks: CULTURE, depicting the evolution of yeast and human societies; FERMENTING FUTURES, illustrating a synthetic autotrophic yeast and its link to lactic acid production; and WOOD SPIRIT-AMBER ACID, inspired by the VIVALDI project targeting CO2 reduction to methanol. We emphasize the reciprocal nature of the collaboration, detailing the scientific insights gained and the impact of artistic perspectives on us as researchers. We also highlight the historical connection between art and science, particularly in the Renaissance periods, and underscore the educational value of integrating art into science not only to support public engagement and science dissemination, but also to widen our own perceptions in our research. |
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[] | Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else. | The mobius strip, the cell, and soft logic mathematics | Abstract: The cell-cell signaling mechanisms that are the basis for all of physiology have been used to trace evolution back to the unicellular state, and beyond, to the First Principles of Physiology. And since our physiology derives from the Cosmos based on Symbiogenesis, it has been hypothesized that the cell behaves like a functional Mobius Strip, having no 'inside or outside' cell membrane surface - it is continuous with the Cosmos, its history being codified from Quantum Entanglement to Newtonian Mechanics, affording the cell consciousness and unconsciousness/subconsciousness as a continuum for the first time. Similarly, Klein and Maimon have concluded that their 'Soft Logic' mathematics also constitutes a Mobius Strip, using both a real number axis, combined with a zero axis, numerically representing cognition. This is congruent with the cell as 'two-tiered' consciousness, the first tier being the real -time interface between the cell membrane and its environment; the second tier constituting integrated physiology, referencing the consciousness of the Cosmos. Thus, there is coherence between physiology, consciousness and mathematics for the first time. |
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[] | Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else. | Ultrasound assisted phytochemical extraction of red cabbage by using deep eutectic solvent: Modelling using ANFIS and optimization by genetic algorithms | Abstract: The present investigation studied the effect of process parameters on the extraction of phytochemicals from red cabbage by the application of ultrasonication and temperature. The solvent selected for the study was deep eutectic solvent (DES) prepared by choline chloride and citric acid. The ultrasound assisted extraction process was modeled using adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) algorithm and integrated with the genetic algorithm for optimization purposes. The independent variables that influenced the responses (total phenolic content, antioxidant activity, total anthocyanin activity, and total flavonoid content) were ultrasonication power, temperature, molar ratio of DES, and water content of DES. Each ANFIS model was formed by the training of three Gaussian -type membership functions (MF) for each input, trained by a hybrid algorithm with 500 epochs and linear type MF for output MF. The ANFIS model predicted each response close to the experimental data which is evident by the statistical parameters (R-2 > 0.953 and RMSE < 1.165). The integrated hybrid ANFIS-GA algorithm predicted the optimized condition for the process parameters of ultrasound assisted extraction of phytochemicals from red cabbage was found to be 252.114 W for ultrasonication power, 52.715 degree celsius of temperature, 2.0677:1 of molar ratio of DES and 25.947 % of water content in DES solvent with maximum extraction content of responses, with fitness value 3.352. The relative deviation between the experimental and ANFIS predicted values for total phenolic content, antioxidant activity, total anthocyanin activity, and total flavonoid content was found to be 1.849 %, 3.495 %, 2.801 %, and 4.661 % respectively. |
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[] | Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else. | Social Activities and Risk of Dementia in Community-Dwelling Older People: Gender-Specific Findings From a Prospective Cohort Study. | Abstract: OBJECTIVES: This study examines thegender-specific associations between a wide range of social activities and dementia risk.METHODS: A prospective cohort study was conducted involving community-dwelling older Australians (≥70 years) without significant cognitive impairment at enrolment. During the first year of enrolment, we assessed 25 self-reported social activities covering various aspects, including support from relatives and friends, community participation, social interactions with surroundings, and loneliness. Dementia diagnosis followed DSM-IV criteria, adjudicated by an international expert panel. To estimate hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for associations between social activities and dementia, we performed Cox proportional hazards models, adjusting for age, educational attainment, baseline global cognition, and depressive symptoms.RESULTS: Among 9,936 participants who completed all social activity questionnaires (median [IQR] age: 73.4 [71.6-77.1] years; 47.4% men), dementia was diagnosed in 3.8% of men (n = 181/4,705) and 2.6% of women (n = 138/5,231) over a median 6.4 years (IQR: 5.3-7.6, range: 0.2-10.1) follow-up. Gender-specific relationships emerged: caregiving for a person with illness/disability in women (HR: 0.65, 95% CI: 0.42-0.99), and having ≥9 relatives feeling close to call for help in men (HR: 0.56, 95% CI: 0.33-0.96; reference <9 relatives) were associated with reduced dementia risk. Unexpectedly, in women, having ≥5 friends with whom they felt comfortable discussing private matters were associated with a greater dementia risk (HR: 1.69, 95% CI: 1.10-2.59; reference ≤2 friends). Imputed models further identified that babysitting/childminding was associated with lower dementia risk in men (HR: 0.75, 95% CI: 0.56-0.99). No other social activities showed significant associations with dementia.DISCUSSION: This study provides evidence of social activities influencing dementia risk. Further investigations are required to uncover the mechanisms driving these observed relationships. |
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[] | Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else. | Global peak water limit of future groundwater withdrawals | Abstract: Over the past 50 years, humans have extracted the Earth's groundwater stocks at a steep rate, largely to fuel global agro-economic development. Given society's growing reliance on groundwater, we explore 'peak water limits' to investigate whether, when and where humanity might reach peak groundwater extraction. Using an integrated global model of the coupled human-Earth system, we simulate groundwater withdrawals across 235 water basins under 900 future scenarios of global change over the twenty-first century. Here we find that global non-renewable groundwater withdrawals exhibit a distinct peak-and-decline signature, comparable to historical observations of other depletable resources (for example, minerals), in nearly all (98%) scenarios, peaking on average at 625 km3 yr-1 around mid-century, followed by a decline through 2100. The peak and decline occur in about one-third (82) of basins, including 21 that may have already peaked, exposing about half (44%) of the global population to groundwater stress. Most of these basins are in countries with the highest current extraction rates, including the United States, Mexico, Pakistan, India, China, Saudi Arabia and Iran. These groundwater-dependent basins will probably face increasing costs of groundwater and food production, suggesting important implications for global agricultural trade and a diminished role for groundwater in meeting global water demands during the twenty-first century.Humans rely heavily on non-renewable groundwater, especially to support agricultural production. Like other depletable resources, groundwater extraction is expected to peak and subsequently decline during the twenty-first century, highlighting imminent transformations in the availability and use of water globally. |
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[] | Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else. | Tracking Mississippian Migrations from the Central Mississippi Valley to the Ridge and Valley with a Unified Absolute Chronology | Abstract: As regional chronologies become better defined, we are better able to track large-scale population movements and related cultural change. A dataset of 156 radiocarbon dates from the Middle Cumberland Region (MCR), evaluated with 199 more dates from the Ridge and Valley portions of northern Georgia and East Tennessee, enable modeling of population movements from the Central Mississippi Valley into the MCR, as well as subsequent movements and effects in the Ridge and Valley between AD 1200 and 1450. The dissolution of Cahokia is of particular interest, because the MCR falls geographically between the American Bottom and the Ridge and Valley province. This large-scale chronological perspective places key events in this part of the Southeast and Midwest into a unified historical framework that increases our understanding of the timing of cultural events. A related goal is to sort out possible external events and influences that may have affected this large region. This study makes apparent the relationships between cultural events and natural events, such as the drought sequences reported for the Central Mississippi Valley and beyond.La capacidad de rastrear los movimientos de poblacion a gran escala y los cambios culturales relacionados se hace posible a medida que se definen mejor las cronologias regionales. Un conjunto de datos de 156 fechas de radiocarbono, de la region de Middle Cumberland (MCR), evaluado con 199 fechas mas de las porciones de Ridge y Valley del norte de Georgia y el este de Tennessee, permiten modelar los movimientos de poblacion desde Central Mississippi Valley hacia MCR, y los movimientos y efectos posteriores en Ridge y Valley entre 1200 y 1450 dC. La disolucion de Cahokia es de particular interes, ya que la region de Middle Cumberland se encuentra geograficamente entre las provincias de American Bottom y Ridge and Valley. Esta perspectiva cronologica a gran escala coloca eventos clave en esta parte del sureste y el medio oeste en un marco historico unificado para comprender mejor el momento de los eventos culturales. Un objetivo relacionado es comenzar a clasificar los posibles eventos e influencias externos que pueden haber afectado a esta gran region. Este estudio pone de manifiesto las relaciones entre los eventos culturales y los eventos naturales, como las secuencias de sequia reportadas para el Valle Central del Mississippi y mas alla. |
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[] | Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else. | Lockdowns, vaccines, and the economy: How economic perceptions were shaped during the COVID-19 pandemic | Abstract: This paper analyses the economic confidence indicators' reaction to the environment surrounding the COVID-19 pandemic. Using Eurostat's monthly data for the economic sentiment in European Union countries, we found that, in the COVID-19 era, confidence and perceptions about the economy are strongly dominated by factors related to the pandemic, more so by policy measures and the vaccination process than by the direct health impact of the coronavirus. This is found to be prevalent across the multiple dimensions of economic sentiment. Moreover, standard macroeconomic variables seem to play a smaller and more marginal role during this period. |
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[] | Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else. | US consumer perceptions of insects as livestock feed: ethical considerations for insects | Abstract: Insects have potential to be integrated into livestock production systems as feed. However, to be viable as feed, insects must be mass-reared in a 'mini-livestock' system. As these mass-rearing systems are relatively new, industry standards and welfare regulations are not yet in place, leaving insect welfare-related questions open. Given the importance of consumer attitudes to the social legitimacy of insect production, an analysis of consumers' ethical perceptions of producing insects as livestock feed is warranted. The objectives of this study were to: (1) determine if US consumers support or oppose using insects as livestock feed, (2) determine if perceptions regarding insect welfare or ethics are reasons for opposition, and (3) identify US consumers' perceived risks and benefits of using insects as livestock feed. We developed a quantitative electronic questionnaire-based survey and established reliability and validity prior to distribution. Distribution was achieved through convenience sampling to adult US consumers (n = 361). When asked if insects should be used as livestock feed, 34% of respondents were supportive, 52% were neutral, and 15% were opposed. Of those who were opposed (n = 53), 58% cited ethical concerns as their reason for opposition. Of respondents who were supportive or neutral towards using insects as livestock feed (n = 308), 29% reported livestock welfare and 26% reported insect welfare as perceived risks. Perceived benefits emphasised environmental sustainability. From our entire sample, 74% of respondents thought insects could feel pain, 23% did not know, and 4% did not think insects could feel pain. Gender, age, household income, education level, and previous knowledge were significant determinants (P = 0.05) of whether or not respondents thought insects could feel pain. Our data highlight potential areas of opposition to developing the insect rearing industry in the US and suggests that producers have reason to establish practices that are perceived as creating high-welfare conditions for their insects. |
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[] | Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else. | China's philosophy for a healthier population | Abstract: Richard Horton's Offline about the north-south differences in science are eloquent of a reality that we live with daily at universities in countries with little financial support for research.1 Although some contributions to elite science, ie, science with high global impact and real new knowledge, originated from researchers from low-income and middle-income countries, they hardly amount to a minimum proportion of scientific and technological advances. A good example is the Nobel prize,2 for which rich countries have most of the prizes in science, leaving countries with few financial resources the prizes for literature and peace. expensive technology are difficult to carry out in countries with low financial resources, without the help of researchers from wealthy countries. But the social sciences |
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[] | Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else. | The impact of corporate social irresponsibility on prosocial consumer behavior | Abstract: Corporate social irresponsibility (CSI) refers to violations of the social contract between corporations and society. Existing literature documents its tendency to evoke negative consumer responses toward the firm involved, including unethical consumer behaviors. However, limited research attention deals with its potential impacts on prosocial consumer behavior. With six studies, the current research reveals that when consumers perceive harm due to CSI, they engage in more prosocial behavior due to the arousal of their anger. This effect is weaker among consumers who find the focal CSI issue more personally relevant but stronger among consumers with strong self-efficacy for promoting justice. Perceptions of CSI harm increase with the degree of control that the focal firm has over the CSI. This research thus establishes an effect of CSI harm on prosocial consumer behaviors, through the emotional mechanism of anger; it further shows that consumers seek to restore justice by engaging in prosocial behaviors. |
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[] | Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else. | Label Accuracy of Weight Loss Dietary Supplements Marketed Online With Military Discounts. | Abstract: Importance: Dietary supplements for weight loss, among the most popular supplement products on the market, are promoted not only for losing weight and shedding fat, but also for added benefits of energy and performance, all packed into 1 capsule with multiple combinations of ingredients. Fraudulent marketing of weight loss supplements, some with exaggerated claims, some that are potentially dangerous, and some that contain illegal ingredients, is ever present, especially through online sources, where multiple manufacturers target service members by offering military discounts.Objectives: To examine whether select dietary supplements marketed online for weight loss from companies advertising military discounts are accurately labeled according to the Supplement Facts listed ingredients, whether they contain any ingredients prohibited for use in the military, and to qualitatively describe the products' label claims.Design, Setting, and Participants: In this case series, 30 dietary supplement products marketed for weight loss were selected and purchased in June 2023 from 12 online companies advertising military discounts. Data were analyzed from July to August 2023.Main Outcomes and Measures: Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry was used to verify whether products were accurately labeled according to the Supplement Facts listed ingredients and whether they contained any substances on the DoD Prohibited Dietary Supplement Ingredients List. A separate analysis was conducted to describe product label claims by using the Operation Supplement Safety (OPSS) Risk Assessment Scorecard.Results: Of the 30 products tested, analysis showed that 25 had inaccurate labels. Of these, 24 had ingredients listed on the label that were not detected (misbranded); 7 had hidden components not present on the label, some of which would be considered adulterated; and 10 had substances on the DoD Prohibited Dietary Supplement Ingredients List either on or hidden from the label. All products were rated as risky when applying the OPSS Scorecard.Conclusions and Relevance: In this case series study, the majority of products had inaccurate labels. Some were misbranded, others would be considered adulterated with ingredients not allowed in dietary supplements, and some contained ingredients prohibited for use in the military. |
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[] | Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else. | (Un)muzzled: Dogs in Mid-Nineteenth-Century Fiction | Abstract: This article considers the relationship between dogs as fictional constructs and the shifting dynamics of the novel form in the mid-nineteenth century in order to account more fully for their particular importance to realist writing. In revisiting three canonical novels associated with the realist tradition, Charles Dickens's Dombey and Son (1848), Charlotte Bronte's Villette (1853), and George Eliot's Adam Bede (1859), it demonstrates the ways in which writers regularly rely on dogs in depicting moments of deep personal and interpersonal conflict. Where most previous analyses of animals in Victorian fiction have tended to treat them as minor characters within their respective human narratives, this article is attuned to the affective functions of the domestic dog in contexts that exceed mere verisimilitude, exploring the significance of the connection between the dog's textual body and the intense experience of grief, sexual desire, and anger respectively. I argue that the dog's simultaneously narrative and extra-narrative position in the emergent realist novel reflects the genre's larger formal tensions, generated by the representation of excess affects. These tensions are closely linked to the novel's primary mode of representation: language. I conclude that it is the dog's extralinguistic presence, predicated on its inability to encode affect in language, that marks it as the ideal, if increasingly unstable, nexus of powerful, unprocessed emotion in the mid-nineteenth-century novel. |
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[] | Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else. | Cannabis-involvement in emergency department visits for self-harm following medical and non-medical cannabis legalization | Abstract: Aims: Cannabis use may increase the risk of self-harm, but whether legalization of cannabis is associated with changes in self-harm is unknown. We examined changes in cannabis-involvement in emergency department (ED) visits for self-harm after the liberalization of medical and legalization of non-medical cannabis in Canada. Methods: This repeated cross-sectional study used health administrative data to identify all ED visits for self-harm in individuals aged ten and older between January 2010 and December 2021. We identified self-harm ED visits with a co-diagnosis of cannabis (main exposure) or alcohol (control condition) and examined changes in rates of visits over four distinct policy periods (pre-legalization, medical liberalization, non-medical legalization with restrictions, and non-medical commercialization/COVID-19) using Poisson models. Results: The study included 158,912 individuals with one or more self-harm ED visits, of which 7810 (4.9 %) individuals had a co-diagnosis of cannabis use and 24,761 (15.6 %) had a co-diagnosis of alcohol use. Between 2010 and 2021, the annual rate of ED visits for self-harm injuries involving cannabis per 100,000 individuals increased by 90.1 % (3.6 in 2010 to 6.9 in 2021 per 100,000 individuals), while the annual rate of self-harm injuries involving alcohol decreased by 17.3 % (168.1 in 2010 to 153.1 in 2021 per 100,000 individuals). The entire increase in visits relative to pre-legalization occurred after medical liberalization (seasonally adjusted Risk Ratio [asRR] 1.71 95 % CI 1.09-1.15) with no further increases during the legalization with restrictions (asRR 1.77 95%CI 1.62-1.93) or commercialization/COVID-19 periods (asRR 1.63 95%CI 1.50-176). Conclusions: Cannabis-involvement in self-harm ED visits almost doubled over 12 years and may have accelerated after medical cannabis liberalization. While the results cannot determine whether cannabis is increasingly causing self-harm ED visits or whether cannabis is increasingly being used by individuals at high risk of self-harm, greater detection for cannabis use in this population and intervention may be indicated. |
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[] | Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else. | Exploring host and home country effects on industrial relations in Chinese multinational enterprises - Evidence from Ireland | Abstract: This paper explores the industrial relations (IR) experiences of Chinese multinational enterprises (MNE) in Ireland, with particular focus on the impact of host and home country institutions on IR policies and practices. The study adopted a qualitative methodology of semi-structured interviews with managerial respondents from eight Chinese MNEs located in Ireland and personnel in other relevant public and private organisations. Our results indicate that host country IR institutions (e.g. trade unions, employment legislation and government support) largely explain the IR practices of Chinese MNEs in Ireland. This study also identifies home country effects mostly relating to a hierarchical managerial approach and the development of a culture of harmony and collaboration. Finally, our results also call attention to some emerging 'convergence' and 'divergence' between Chinese MNEs and other MNEs in Ireland in terms of their IR experiences and responses. |
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[] | Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else. | Incorporating Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion Content Into Bioengineering Curricula: A Program-Level Approach | Abstract: Diversity, equity, and inclusion (DEI) are interconnected with bioengineering, yet have historically been absent from accreditation standards and curricula. Toward educating DEI-competent bioengineers and meeting evolving accreditation requirements, we took a program-level approach to incorporate, catalog, and assess DEI content through the bioengineering undergraduate program. To support instructors in adding DEI content and inclusive pedagogy, our team developed a DEI planning worksheet and surveyed instructors pre- and post-course. Over the academic year, 74% of instructors provided a pre-term and/or post-term response. Of responding instructors, 91% described at least one DEI curricular content improvement, and 88% incorporated at least one new inclusive pedagogical approach. Based on the curricular adjustments reported by instructors, we grouped the bioengineering-related DEI content into five DEI competency categories: bioethics, inclusive design, inclusive scholarship, inclusive professionalism, and systemic inequality. To assess the DEI content incorporation, we employed direct assessment via course assignments, end-of-module student surveys, end-of-term course evaluations, and an end-of-year program review. When asked how much their experience in the program helped them develop specific DEI competencies, students reported a relatively high average of 3.79 (scale of 1 = not at all to 5 = very much). Additionally, based on student performance in course assignments and other student feedback, we found that instructors were able to effectively incorporate DEI content into a wide variety of courses. We offer this framework and lessons learned to be adopted by programs similarly motivated to train DEI-competent engineering professionals and provide an equitable, inclusive engineering education for all students. |
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[] | Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else. | From the margins of Geographical Information Systems: Limitations, challenges, and proposals | Abstract: Some of the most exciting progress to address central limitations in GIS is currently originating from the margins of cartographic traditions. This article explores the potential of a proactive engagement with mapping technologies from peripheral positions, such as humanist, feminist, decolonial, queer, and black perspectives, to overcome what we identify as five intrinsic challenges of GIS: the representation of place; emotions; scales; time and change; and relational approaches. The proposals deal with specific concerns that do not fit in existing GISystems and suggest how a creative engagement with mapping technologies further expands our understanding of what GIS could be. |
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[] | Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else. | A contribution to the urbanization and marble supply of Roman Thrace: an interdisciplinary study | Abstract: The study of marble trade in antiquity has received a lot of scholarly attention in the last few decades; however, numerous deposits of high-quality white marble in the Thracian interior have only recently become pivotal in Bulgaria. Following the establishment of Thrace as a Roman province, investments into transport infrastructure, urban and rural construction works and monumentalizing architecture in marble have led to an increased demand for stone. Local marble quarries close to urban centres and larger imperial quarries were used for civic buildings, villas and sanctuaries. Provenance analysis of marble quarries and artefacts has established a close link between the place of origin and subsequent place of use. This multi-disciplinary study explores marble sources in the Thracian interior via various approaches such as epigraphy, archaeology, and archaeometry regarding urbanization, trade, and transportation. In this paper, we consider and investigate the Berkovitsa marble, a quarry close to Montana in northwestern Bulgaria, and present a broader framework for the marble trade of the region. |
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[] | Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else. | Assessing quality of critical care during an ongoing health emergency-a novel approach to evaluate quality of care at Lebanese public ICUs during COVID-19 | Abstract: Background: Quality of care has been systematically monitored in hospitals in high-income countries to ensure adequate care. However, in low- and middle-income countries, quality indicators are not readily measured. The primary aim of this study was to assess to what extent it was feasible to monitor the quality of intensive care in an ongoing health emergency, and the secondary aim was to assess a quality of care intervention (twinning project) focused on Intensive Care Unit (ICU) quality of care in public hospitals in Lebanon. Methods: We conducted a retrospective cohort study nested within an intervention implemented by the World Health Organization (WHO) together with partners. To assess the quality of care throughout the project, a monitoring system framed in the Donabedian model and included structure, process, and outcome indicators was developed and implemented. Data collection consisted of a checklist performed by external healthcare workers (HCWs) as well as collection of data from all admitted patients performed by each unit. The association between the number of activities within the interventional project and ICU mortality was evaluated. Results: A total of 1679 patients were admitted to five COVID-19 ICUs during the study period. The project was conducted fully across four out of five hospitals. In these hospitals, a significant reduction in ICU mortality was found (OR: 0.83, P < 0.05, CI: 0.72-0.96). Conclusion: We present a feasible way to assess quality of care in ICUs and how it can be used in assessing a quality improvement project during ongoing crises in resource-limited settings. By implementing a quality of care intervention in Lebanon's public hospitals, we have shown that such initiatives might contribute to improvement of ICU care. The observed association between increased numbers of project activities and reduced ICU mortality underscores the potential of quality assurance interventions to improve outcomes for critically ill patients in resource-limited settings. Future research is needed to expand this model to be applicable in similar settings. |
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[] | Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else. | Prevalence of dry eye disease among IT students in Pakistan | Abstract: BackgroundDry eye disease (DED) is a common tear film disorder caused by decreased tear production or increased tear evaporation. The increased use of computers in the workplace has brought about the development of ocular health concerns, including dry eye disease. Therefore, this study was designed to determine the prevalence of DED associated with computer work and recommend preventing or reducing its development. This study investigated the prevalence of DED among IT students in Dera Ghazi Khan.MethodsA cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted among 327 undergraduate students of the IT department in the district of Dera Ghazi khan over 5 months from September 2021 to January 2022. DED was assessed subjectively with Ocular Surface Disease Index. Data were analysed using SPSS version 21. The quantitative analysis was presented as mean and standard deviation, and qualitative variables were introduced in frequency and percentages. The chi-square test (Fisher's exact test) was used to study the significance of associations between dependent and independent variables.ResultsThe mean age of the participants was 20.25 +/- 1.305 years (range 17-25). The prevalence of DED among computer programmers was 47.7%. This study showed that gender (p = 0.31), contact lens usage (p = 0.64), and duration of time spent on computer display units (p = 0.47) were not significant determinants of DED among computer programmers.ConclusionDED is prevalent among IT students, along with different symptoms. However, further studies are required to adequately measure the prevalence of DED during longer exposure time to computer screens and explore environmental risk factors. |
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[] | Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else. | Introduction: propagandas, cultural production, and negotiating ideology in Iran | Abstract: This special issue focuses on the vast field of propagandas in Iran resulting from the dynamic between state-sponsored cultural production and its audiences. Propagandas emerge when motifs of classical regime propaganda diffuse into the arts, film, and literature to develop an independent existence detached from the strategies of regime messaging, thereby shaping ideological negotiations and contestations across society. Since its founding in 1979, the Islamic Republic has relied on propaganda to (semi-) systematically advance and establish a political and ideological agenda in order to build a coherent grand narrative of what the 'essence' of life in Iran should be. However, the constant urge to maintain ideological uniformity in the face of domestic and international crises, as well as evolving technology, such as smartphones and social media, has required regime actors to rethink, redeploy, and rearrange the content and methods of their propaganda. This rebirthing and upgrading of state propaganda into new forms and meanings has been met with resistance, subversion, and assimilation. The articles in this special issue highlight how state propaganda-and its afterlives-is a key venue for the struggle over identity and ideology between state and society in Iran. |
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[] | Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else. | Trends in the Use and Discussion of Race in Pediatrics Articles Over 75 Years. | Abstract: BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Race-based medicine, which falsely assumes that race is biological, is common in the published medical literature. We analyzed trends in the use of race in Pediatrics articles over a 75-year period.METHODS: We analyzed a random sample of 50 original research articles published each decade in Pediatrics from 1948 to 2022.RESULTS: Of 375 articles, 39% (n = 147) included race. Among articles, 85% (n = 116) used race only to describe study subjects, 7% (n = 9) described race as a social construct, and 11% (n = 15) described race as a biological construct. Only 7% (n = 10) of studies provided a reason for including race. Statements reflective of racial bias or discrimination were identified in 22% (n = 30) of the articles that mentioned race. Although statements concerning for explicit racial bias were uncommon, with none identified in the most recent decade, statements suggestive of implicit racial bias still occurred (22%, 5 of 23). Race was presented as a dichotomy, such as white/nonwhite, in 9% of studies (n = 12). Regarding currently nonrecommended terminology, the term minorities was used in 13% of studies (n = 18); 25% of studies used the term others (n = 34), and among these, 91% (n = 31 of 34) did not provide any definition, an occurrence that increased over time at a rate of 0.9%/year.CONCLUSIONS: Although there has been improvement over the past 75 years in the reporting of race in published studies in Pediatrics, significant opportunities for further improvement remain. |
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[] | Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else. | From Shadows to Spotlight: Exploring the Escalating Burden of Alcohol-Associated Liver Disease and Alcohol Use Disorder in Young Women. | Abstract: INTRODUCTION: The burden of alcohol-related complications is considerable, particularly alcohol-associated liver disease and alcohol use disorder (AUD). However, there are deficiencies in comprehensive epidemiological research focusing on these issues, especially among young women who display higher susceptibility to such complications compared with their male counterparts. We thus aimed to determine the global burden of these conditions in this vulnerable group.METHODS: Leveraging data from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019, we analyzed the prevalence, mortality, and disability-adjusted life years of alcohol-associated cirrhosis (AC), liver cancer from alcohol, and AUD in young women. The findings were categorized by region, nation, and sociodemographic index.RESULTS: The highest age-standardized prevalence rates were observed in AUD (895.96 [95% uncertainty interval (UI) 722.6-1,103.58]), followed by AC (65.33 [95% UI 48.37-86.49]) and liver cancer from alcohol (0.13 [95% UI 0.09-0.19]) per 100,000 people. The highest age-standardized mortality rates were observed in AC (0.75 [95% UI 0.55-0.97]), followed by AUD (0.48 [95% UI 0.43-0.53]) and liver cancer from alcohol (0.06 [95% UI 0.04-0.09]). The highest burdens of AC and AUD were observed in Central Europe, whereas the high-income Asia Pacific had the highest burden of liver cancer from alcohol.DISCUSSION: Throughout the past decade, the trend of AUD varied among regions while the impact of alcohol-associated liver disease has increased, requiring urgent public health strategy to mitigate these complications, particularly in female patients in Europe and the Asia-Pacific region. |
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[] | Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else. | Residue analysis suggests ritual use of tobacco at the ancient Mesoamerican city of Cotzumalhuapa, Guatemala | Abstract: The widespread significance of tobacco in Mesoamerica is documented in historical and ethnographic sources, yet recovery of the organic remains of this plant from archaeological contexts is rare. Here, the authors present evidence for the ritual use of tobacco at Cotzumalhuapa, Guatemala, during the Late Classic period (AD 650-950). Detection of nicotine in residue analysis of three cylindrical ceramic vases recovered from cache deposits near the El Baul acropolis suggests that these vessels contained tobacco infusions or other liquid preparations. These results suggest an ancient ritual practice involving tobacco for which there was previously no physical evidence in Mesoamerica. |
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[] | Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else. | Between the secret state and the public sphere: the writer as intermediary | Abstract: This essay explores the unique roles played by writers as intermediaries between the secret state and the public sphere, providing an introduction to the special issue Writers in Intelligence. Though frequently remarked upon, the history, nature, and politics of this relationship remains under-studied. Some spies-turned-writers write in the hope of legitimizing a problematic role, others to own their own identities in a police state. For some, writing is an avenue for critique of a toxic security culture, while others have lent their skills to intelligence agencies as a form of patriotic duty. We examine how fictional representations of intelligence work have been both a boon and a hindrance to various secret services; and how exposing elements of intelligence work can occasionally lead to conspiracy rather than clarity. |
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[] | Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else. | Can Urban Agglomeration Policy Enhance Comprehensive Urban Resilience? Evidence from China | Abstract: Recently, researchers have become increasingly interested in urban resilience, which can be used to comprehensively evaluate the quality of urban development. Although some studies have addressed the effects of China's national urban agglomeration (NUA) policy on the economic and environmental resilience of Chinese cities, scholars have not yet adequately addressed the impact of NUA on comprehensive urban resilience. Accordingly, this study introduced a theoretical framework to explore the effects of NUA on comprehensive urban resilience in China. Specifically, this study conducted a quasi-natural experiment with NUA and adopted a difference-in-differences (DID) method to evaluate its effect on China's comprehensive urban resilience. As no widely acknowledged urban resilience evaluation method yet exists, we employed an entropy-weighted technique for order preference by similarity to an ideal solution (TOPSIS) to assign comprehensive urban resilience values to Chinese cities at the prefecture level or above based on the multiple economic resilience index, the social resilience index, the environmental resilience index, and the technological resilience index. The results indicate that NUA not only directly improves comprehensive urban resilience but also enhances it through the mediating effects of trade openness and industrial structure upgrading. In addition, the study revealed that city heterogeneity can impact NUA's effect on comprehensive urban resilience. These results not only expand current theoretical understanding of the effects of urban agglomeration on urban resilience but also offer insights useful for improving comprehensive urban resilience to facilitate the high-quality and sustainable development of cities. |
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[] | Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else. | Life expectancy, long-term care demand and dynamic financing mechanism simulation: an empirical study of Zhejiang Pilot, China | Abstract: Background China has piloted Long-Term Care Insurance (LTCI) to address increasing care demand. However, many cities neglected adjusting LTCI premiums since the pilot, risking the long-term sustainability of LTCI. Therefore, using Zhejiang Province as a case, this study simulated mortality-adjusted long-term care demand and the balance of LTCI funds through dynamic financing mechanism under diverse life expectancy and disability scenarios.Methods Three-parameter log-quadratic model was used to estimate the mortality from 1990 to 2020. Mortality with predicted interval from 2020 to 2080 was projected by Lee-Carter method extended with rotation. Cohort-component projection model was used to simulate the number of older population with different degrees of disability. Disability data of the older people is sourced from China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study 2018. The balance of LTCI fund was simulated by dynamic financing actuarial model.Results Life expectancy of Zhejiang for male (female) is from 80.46 (84.66) years in 2020 to 89.39 [86.61, 91.74] (91.24 [88.90, 93.25]) years in 2080. The number of long-term care demand with severe disability in Zhejiang demonstrates an increasing trend from 285 [276, 295] thousand in 2023 to 1027 [634, 1657] thousand in 2080 under predicted mean of life expectancy. LTCI fund in Zhejiang will become accumulated surplus from 2024 to 2080 when annual premium growth rate is 5.25% [4.20%, 6.25%] under various disability scenarios, which is much higher than the annual growth of unit cost of long-term care services (2.25%). The accumulated balance of LTCI fund is sensitive with life expectancy.Conclusions Dynamic growth of LTCI premium is essential in dealing with current deficit around 2050 and realizing Zhejiang's LTCI sustainability in the long-run. The importance of dynamic monitoring disability and mortality information is emphasized to respond immediately to the increase of premiums. LTCI should strike a balance between expanding coverage and controlling financing scale. This study provides implications for developing countries to establish or pilot LTCI schemes. |
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[] | Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else. | Effect of metacognitive therapy on depression in patients with chronic disease: a protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis. | Abstract: BACKGROUND: Chronic diseases have a high prevalence worldwide, and patients with chronic diseases often suffer from depression, leading to a poor prognosis and a low quality of life. Metacognitive therapy is a transdiagnostic psychotherapy intervention focused on thinking patterns, with the advantages of reliable implementation effect, short intervention period and low cost. It can help patients change negative metacognition, alleviate depression symptoms, and has a higher implementation value compared with other cognitive interventions. Therefore, metacognitive therapy may be an effective way to improve the mental health of patients with chronic diseases.METHODS AND ANALYSIS: CNKI, Wanfang Database, VIP Database for Chinese Technical Periodicals, Sinomed, PubMed, SCOPUS, Embase, The Cochrane Library, Web of Science and PsycINFO will be used to select the eligible studies. As a supplement, websites (eg, the Chinese Clinical Registry, ClinicalTrials.gov) will be searched and grey literature will be included. The heterogeneity and methodological quality of the eligible studies will be independently screened and extracted by two experienced reviewers. All the data synthesis and analysis (drawing forest plots, subgroup analysis and sensitive analysis) will be conducted using RevMan 5.4.1.ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION: This article is a literature review that does not include patients' identifiable information. Therefore, ethical approval is not required in this protocol. The findings of this systematic review and meta-analysis will be published in a peer-reviewed journal as well as presentations at relevant conferences.PROSPERO REGISTRATION NUMBER: CRD42023411105. |
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[] | Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else. | Low-cost otolaryngology simulation models for early-stage trainees: a scoping review. | Abstract: BACKGROUND: Medical simulation is essential for surgical training yet is often too expensive and inaccessible in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Furthermore, in otolaryngology-head and neck surgery (OHNS), while simulation training is often focused on senior residents and specialists, there is a critical need to target general practitioners who carry a significant load of OHNS care in countries with limited OHNS providers. This scoping review aims to describe affordable, effective OHNS simulation models for early-stage trainees and non-OHNS specialists in resource-limited settings and discuss gaps in the literature.METHODS: This scoping review followed the five stages of Arksey and O'Malley's Scoping Review Methodology. Seven databases were used to search for articles. Included articles discussed physical models of the ear, nose, or throat described as low-cost, cost-effective, or defined as <$150 if explicitly stated; related to the management of common and emergent OHNS conditions; and geared towards undergraduate students, medical, dental, or nursing students, and/or early-level residents.RESULTS: Of the 1706 studies screened, 17 met inclusion criteria. Most studies were conducted in HICs. Most models were low-fidelity (less anatomically realistic) models. The most common simulated skills were peritonsillar abscess aspiration and cricothyrotomy. Information on cost was limited, and locally sourced materials were infrequently mentioned. Simulations were evaluated using questionnaires and direct observation.CONCLUSION: Low-cost simulation models can be beneficial for early medical trainees and students in LMICs, addressing resource constraints and improving skill acquisition. However, there is a notable lack of contextually relevant, locally developed, and cost-effective models. This study summarizes existing low-cost OHNS simulation models for early-stage trainees and highlights the need for additional locally sourced models. Further research is needed to assess the effectiveness and sustainability of these models. |
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[] | Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else. | Judgment Errors in Surgical Care. | Abstract: BACKGROUND: Human error is impossible to eliminate, particularly in systems as complex as healthcare. The extent to which judgment errors in particular impact surgical patient care or lead to harm is unclear.STUDY DESIGN: The American College of Surgeons NSQIP (2018) procedures from a single institution with 30-day morbidity or mortality were examined. Medical records were reviewed and evaluated for judgment errors. Preoperative variables associated with judgment errors were examined using logistic regression.RESULTS: Of the surgical patients who experienced a morbidity or mortality, 18% (31 of 170) experienced an error in judgment during their hospitalization. Patients with hepatobiliary procedure (odds ratio [OR] 5.4 [95% CI 1.23 to 32.75], p = 0.002), insulin-dependent diabetes (OR 4.8 [95% CI 1.2 to 18.8], p = 0.025), severe COPD (OR 6.0 [95% CI 1.6 to 22.1], p = 0.007), or with infected wounds (OR 8.2 [95% CI 2.6 to 25.8], p < 0.001) were at increased risk for judgment errors.CONCLUSIONS: Specific procedure types and patients with certain preoperative variables had higher risk for judgment errors during their hospitalization. Errors in judgment adversely impacted the outcomes of surgical patients who experienced morbidity or mortality in this cohort. Preventing or mitigating errors and closely monitoring patients after an error in judgment is prudent and may improve surgical safety. |
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[] | Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else. | Dynamic Prediction of Mortality Using Longitudinally Measured Pediatric Sequential Organ Failure Assessment Scores: A Joint Modeling Approach. | Abstract: OBJECTIVES: The pediatric Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (pSOFA) score was designed to track illness severity and predict mortality in critically ill children. Most commonly, pSOFA at a point in time is used to assess a static patient condition. However, this approach has a significant drawback because it fails to consider any changes in a patients' condition during their PICU stay and, especially, their response to initial critical care treatment. We aimed to evaluate the performance of longitudinal pSOFA scores for predicting mortality.DESIGN: Single-center, retrospective cohort study.SETTING: Quaternary 40-bed PICU.PATIENTS: All patients admitted to the PICU between 2015 and 2021 with at least 24 hours of ICU stay.INTERVENTIONS: None.MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: We calculated daily pSOFA scores up to 30 days, or until death or discharge from the PICU, if earlier. We used the joint longitudinal and time-to-event data model for the dynamic prediction of 30-day in-hospital mortality. The dataset, which included 9146 patients with a 30-day in-hospital mortality of 2.6%, was divided randomly into training (75%) and validation (25%) subsets, and subjected to 40 repeated stratified cross-validations. We used dynamic area under the curve (AUC) to evaluate the discriminative performance of the model. Compared with the admission-day pSOFA score, AUC for predicting mortality between days 5 and 30 was improved on average by 6.4% (95% CI, 6.3-6.6%) using longitudinal pSOFA scores from the first 3 days and 9.2% (95% CI, 9.0-9.5%) using scores from the first 5 days.CONCLUSIONS: Compared with admission-day pSOFA score, longitudinal pSOFA scores improved the accuracy of mortality prediction in PICU patients at a single center. The pSOFA score has the potential to be used dynamically for the evaluation of patient conditions. |
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[] | Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else. | Diffusion Model-Based Multiobjective Optimization for Gasoline Blending Scheduling | Abstract: Gasoline blending scheduling uses resource allocation and operation sequencing to meet a refinery's production requirements. The presence of nonlinearity, integer constraints, and a large number of decision variables adds complexity to this problem, posing challenges for traditional and evolutionary algorithms. This paper introduces a novel multiobjective optimization approach driven by a diffusion model (named DMO), which is designed specifically for gasoline blending scheduling. To address integer constraints and generate feasible schedules, the diffusion model creates multiple intermediate distributions between Gaussian noise and the feasible domain. Through iterative processes, the solutions transition from Gaussian noise to feasible schedules while optimizing the objectives using the gradient descent method. DMO achieves simultaneous objective optimization and constraint adherence. Comparative tests are conducted to evaluate DMO's performance across various scales. The experimental results demonstrate that DMO surpasses state-of-the-art multiobjective evolutionary algorithms in terms of efficiency when solving gasoline blending scheduling problems. |
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[] | Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else. | Natural Teleology in John Locke's Ethics | Abstract: According to some of the past half-century's most influential critics of liberalism, John Locke is the pivotal subverter of the pre-modern ethical tradition. Locke's view of nature and of human nature, the story goes, divorced ethics from natural teleology and so set off an inevitable spiral downward into moral dissolution. This story about Locke remains influential even though the last fifty years of Locke scholarship have brought a cascade of studies treating Locke as operating within the tradition of Reformed natural law. These studies, in part because they embrace a distorted view of Locke's conception of the person, have failed to address satisfactorily the crux of the story told by the critics of liberalism. This article corrects that distortion and demonstrates how natural teleology operates within Locke's ethics. I show how Locke sought to identify the teleological ordering of human beings to the supreme good by developing a relational conception of the person, analysing the human being as embedded in and defined by a web of relationships including neighbour and God. The result is a Locke far more in continuity with pre-modern ethical approaches than has hitherto been realized, one who sought to preserve natural teleology for the modern world. |
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[] | Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else. | Transitioning to sustainable, climate-resilient healthcare: insights from a health service staff survey in Australia | Abstract: Background More than 80 countries, including Australia, have made commitments to deliver climate-resilient and low carbon healthcare. Understanding how healthcare workers view their own and their organization's efforts to achieve sustainable and climate-resilient healthcare practice is vital to inform strategies to accelerate that transition.Methods We conducted an online staff survey in a large state government hospital-and-health-service organisation in Queensland, Australia, to ascertain attitudes and practices towards environmentally sustainable, climate-resilient healthcare, and views about the organizational support necessary to achieve these goals in their workplace.Results From 301 participants showed staff strongly support implementing sustainable and climate-resilient healthcare but require significantly more organizational support. Participants identified three categories of organizational support as necessary for the transition to environmentally sustainable and climate-resilient health services and systems: (1) practical support to make sustainability easier in the workplace (e.g. waste, energy, water, procurement, food, transport etc.); (2) training and education to equip them for 21st century planetary health challenges; and (3) embedding sustainability as 'business as usual' in healthcare culture and systems.Conclusions The research provides new insight into health workforce views on how organizations should support them to realize climate and sustainability goals. This research has implications for those planning, managing, implementing, and educating for, the transition to environmentally sustainable and climate-resilient health services and systems in Queensland, Australia, and in similar health systems internationally. |
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[] | Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else. | Higher education and economic development: A bibliometric analysis 1985-2022 | Abstract: The economic impact of resource investments into higher education has been the focus of considerable research in recent years. Many contributions analyse the strength of the connection between economic development and higher education at the local level and the conditions which make certain systems more effective and efficient than others. In this paper, we provide a systematic bibliometric review of the available literature on the subject, various dimensions of this complex issue, constructing and analysing a map of variables used by selected researchers in the field. A summary of knowledge gaps, research limitations, topics explored and applied methods is provided to envisage future research in this field. |
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[] | Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else. | Creation of an asynchronous faculty development curriculum on well-written narrative assessments that avoid bias | Abstract: BackgroundThe COVID-19 pandemic in parallel with concerns about bias in grading resulted in many medical schools adopting pass/fail clinical grading and relying solely on narrative assessments. However, narratives often contain bias and lack specificity. The purpose of this project was to develop asynchronous faculty development to rapidly educate/re-educate>2000 clinical faculty spread across geographic sites and clinical disciplines on components of a well-written narrative and methods to minimize bias in the assessment of students.MethodsWe describe creation, implementation, and pilot data outcomes for an asynchronous faculty development curriculum created by a committee of volunteer learners and faculty. After reviewing the literature on the presence and impact of bias in clinical rotations and ways to mitigate bias in written narrative assessments, the committee developed a web-based curriculum using multimedia learning theory and principles of adult learning. Just-in-time supplemental materials accompanied the curriculum. The Dean added completion of the module by 90% of clinical faculty to the department chairperson's annual education metric.Module completion was tracked in a learning management system, including time spent in the module and the answer to a single text entry question about intended changes in behavior. Thematic analysis of the text entry question with grounded theory and inductive processing was used to define themes of how faculty anticipate future teaching and assessment as a result of this curricula.OutcomesBetween January 1, 2021, and December 1, 2021, 2166 individuals completed the online module; 1820 spent between 5 and 90 min on the module, with a median time of 17 min and an average time of 20.2 min. 15/16 clinical departments achieved completion by 90% or more faculty. Major themes included: changing the wording of future narratives, changing content in future narratives, and focusing on efforts to change how faculty teach and lead teams, including efforts to minimize bias.ConclusionsWe developed a faculty development curriculum on mitigating bias in written narratives with high rates of faculty participation. Inclusion of this module as part of the chair's education performance metric likely impacted participation. Nevertheless, time spent in the module suggests that faculty engaged with the material. Other institutions could easily adapt this curriculum with provided materials. |
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[] | Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else. | Executive Approval Dynamics in Presidential and Parliamentary Democratic Regimes | Abstract: Does the type of democratic regime matter for public evaluations of leaders? We argue two characteristics intrinsic to presidential and parliamentary regimes lead to divergent patterns of executive approval. For presidents, direct elections foster more personal leader-voter linkages; for prime ministers, dependence on the legislature for survival contributes to more institutionalized party systems. These two mechanisms should generate higher approval at the outset of a term-larger honeymoons- for presidents than for prime ministers, but also more rapid decline. Analyses of data from 40 countries produce evidence consistent with these constitutionally-based distinctions. Yet we uncover important within-regime differences. Within presidential systems, approval patterns vary along with paths to power-first-election versus re-election, and elected versus unelected. Within parliamentarism, honeymoons are greater for prime ministers overseeing single-party majoritarian governments. Study findings advance long-standing debates about the relative merits of presidential and parliamentary systems-particularly the tradeoff between democratic responsiveness and stability. |
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[] | Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else. | Clinical, Biomarker, and Research Tests Among US Government Personnel and Their Family Members Involved in Anomalous Health Incidents | Abstract: Importance Since 2015, US government and related personnel have reported dizziness, pain, visual problems, and cognitive dysfunction after experiencing intrusive sounds and head pressure. The US government has labeled these anomalous health incidents (AHIs). Objective To assess whether participants with AHIs differ significantly from US government control participants with respect to clinical, research, and biomarker assessments. Design, Setting, and Participants Exploratory study conducted between June 2018 and July 2022 at the National Institutes of Health Clinical Center, involving 86 US government staff and family members with AHIs from Cuba, Austria, China, and other locations as well as 30 US government control participants. Exposures AHIs. Main Outcomes and Measures Participants were assessed with extensive clinical, auditory, vestibular, balance, visual, neuropsychological, and blood biomarkers (glial fibrillary acidic protein and neurofilament light) testing. The patients were analyzed based on the risk characteristics of the AHI identifying concerning cases as well as geographic location. Results Eighty-six participants with AHIs (42 women and 44 men; mean [SD] age, 42.1 [9.1] years) and 30 vocationally matched government control participants (11 women and 19 men; mean [SD] age, 43.8 [10.1] years) were included in the analyses. Participants with AHIs were evaluated a median of 76 days (IQR, 30-537) from the most recent incident. In general, there were no significant differences between participants with AHIs and control participants in most tests of auditory, vestibular, cognitive, or visual function as well as levels of the blood biomarkers. Participants with AHIs had significantly increased fatigue, depression, posttraumatic stress, imbalance, and neurobehavioral symptoms compared with the control participants. There were no differences in these findings based on the risk characteristics of the incident or geographic location of the AHIs. Twenty-four patients (28%) with AHI presented with functional neurological disorders. Conclusions and Relevance In this exploratory study, there were no significant differences between individuals reporting AHIs and matched control participants with respect to most clinical, research, and biomarker measures, except for objective and self-reported measures of imbalance and symptoms of fatigue, posttraumatic stress, and depression. This study did not replicate the findings of previous studies, although differences in the populations included and the timing of assessments limit direct comparisons. |
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[] | Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else. | Physics-guided spatio-temporal neural network for predicting dissolved oxygen concentration in rivers | Abstract: The prediction of river water quality is key in water resource management. Data-driven machine learning models have been widely used for predicting river water quality. However, these models seldom consider the physical mechanisms of water quality variation, which degrades the accuracy and stability of the prediction results. Hence, we develop a physics-guided spatio-temporal neural network (PGSTNN) model to predict a critical parameter for water quality assessment, i.e. dissolved oxygen. Physical information regarding spatio-temporal interactions in a hydrological network is explicitly considered to construct the architecture of PGSTNN. Two physical rules of dissolved oxygen variation (i.e. Henry's law and power-scaling law) are established for the loss function of PGSTNN to guarantee the physical consistency of the prediction results. Experiments on the 2020-2021 water quality dataset in Atlanta, USA show that PGSTNN outperforms seven baseline neural network models in terms of prediction accuracy and stability. PGSTNN typically brings at least 10% accuracy (e.g. root mean square error and mean absolute error) improvement over the comparison methods. The proposed PGSTNN may not only improve the emergency response ability of water resource management, but also provide useful ideas for integrating scientific knowledge with machine learning. |
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[] | Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else. | Grounded desires: Grazing regime, desires, and development in a Diné community | Abstract: This article highlights the demands for development within the Dine community of Shonto in 2017. Using interviews with Shonto community members, I center the voices and desires of those most affected by development. Shonto is the site of conjuncture of a grazing regime that limits land use and a history of development that produces conflicting community desires for infrastructure, employment, and traditional livestock practices. Despite the plural views of development, community members express a collective desire for Dine continuity and self- determination. My research demonstrates that Dine desires for development are not monolithic but are grounded in land histories, a sense of shared collective continuity, and Dine self- determination. I draw upon Eve Tuck's generative work on Native desire to demonstrate that land histories, in the form of a grazing regime and histories of development, inform Native desires for development. I argue that Native desires are grounded in historical and everyday land use and relations. These grounded desires center the lived-experiences of Natives in relation to development, colonial land regimes, and traditional practices. Moreover, these grounded desires draw from the daily lives and experiences of Native people to provide open narratives that do not impose expectations on Native peoples or their desires. |
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[] | Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else. | Transfer of Ideas and Exile Sociability in Paris, 1830-1848: A Localized Intellectual History | Abstract: In the 1830s and the 1840s, Paris was a gathering place for numerous political exiles from different nationalities, including Germans, Italians and Poles. The French capital offered them the opportunity to publish, debate and transnationally exchange ideas with one another in ways that were impossible in their home countries. This article develops a research perspective on these exiles that connects intellectual history with urban history and migration history. It proposes a localized intellectual history that studies how political thought emerges in interactions enabled by specific geographical contexts, in this case the Parisian urban landscape and metropolitan culture. The article first argues why the proposed connection between intellectual, urban and migration history needs to be made. Subsequently, three case studies are used to explore the methodological opportunities of this localized intellectual history: the salon of Marie d'Agoult, the College de France and the editorial offices of the German exile newspaper Vorwarts. While the three places largely differ in the kinds of sociability that they offered, the intended public and, by extension, the ways in which they stimulated the formation and exchange of ideas, they appear to be connected by the people who frequented them. It will be argued that focussing on these places enables us to study the process of intellectual transfer and how it is informed by the characteristics of very local geographies, which serve as junctions in the transnational contexts in which modern political ideas, such as nationalism itself, are produced. |
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[] | Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else. | Spatiotemporal distribution of mediastinal neoplasms: A comprehensive multi-center study. | Abstract: OBJECTIVES: Mediastinal neoplasms are typical but uncommon thoracic diseases with increasing incidence and unfavorable prognoses. A comprehensive understanding of their spatiotemporal distribution is essential for accurate diagnosis and timely treatment. However, previous studies are limited in scale and data coverage. Therefore, this study aims to elucidate the distribution of mediastinal lesions, offering valuable insights into this disease.MATERIALS AND METHODS: This multi-center, hospital-based observational study included 20 nationwide institutions. A retrospective search of electronic medical records from January 1st, 2009, to December 31st, 2020, was conducted, collecting sociodemographic data, computed tomography images, and pathologic diagnoses. Analysis focused on age, sex, time, location, and geographical region. Comparative assessments were made with global data from a multi-center database.RESULTS: Among 7,765 cases, thymomas (30.7%), benign mediastinal cysts (23.4%), and neurogenic tumors (10.0%) were predominant. Distribution varied across mediastinal compartments, with thymomas (39.6%), benign cysts (28.1%), and neurogenic tumors (51.9%) most prevalent in the prevascular, visceral, and paravertebral mediastinum, respectively. Age-specific variations were notable, with germ cell tumors prominent in patients under 18 and aged 18-29, while thymomas were more common in patients over 30. The composition of mediastinal lesions across different regions of China remained relatively consistent, but it differs from that of the global population.CONCLUSION: This study revealed significant heterogeneity in the spatiotemporal distribution of mediastinal neoplasms. These findings provide useful demographic data when considering the differential diagnosis of mediastinal lesions, and would be beneficial for tailoring disease prevention and control strategies. |
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[] | Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else. | Comparison of Candida colonization in intensive care unit patients with and without COVID-19: First prospective cohort study from Turkey. | Abstract: Candida species are the primary cause of fungal infections in intensive care units (ICUs). Despite the increasing prevalence of Candida-related infections, monitoring the progression of these infections from colonization in COVID-19 ICU patients lacks sufficient information. This study aims prospectively to compare 62 COVID-19 and 60 non-COVID-19 ICU patients from admission to discharge in terms of colonization development, rates, isolated Candida species, risk factors, and Candida infections during hospitalization. A total of 1464 samples were collected at specific time intervals from various body sites [mouth, skin (axilla), rectal, and urine]. All samples were inoculated onto CHROMagar Candida and CHROMagar Candida Plus media, and isolates identified using MALDI-TOF MS. COVID-19 patients exhibited significantly higher colonization rates in oral, rectal, and urine samples compared to non-COVID-19 patients, (p<0.05). Among the Candida species, non-albicans Candida was more frequently detected in COVID-19 patients, particularly in oral (75.8%-25%; p<0.001) and rectal regions (74.19% - 46.66%; p<0.05). Colonization with mixed Candida species was also more prevalent in the oropharyngeal region (p<0.05). Mechanical ventilation and corticosteroid use emerged as elevated risk factors among COVID-19 patients (p<0.05). Despite the colonization prevalence, both COVID-19-positive and negative patients exhibited low incidences of Candida infections, with rates of 9.67% (n=6/62) and 6.67% (n=3/60), respectively. Consequently, although Candida colonization rates were higher in COVID-19 ICU patients, there was no significant difference in Candida infection development compared to the non-COVID-19 group. However, the elevated rate of non-albicans Candida isolates highlights potential future infections, particularly given their intrinsic resistance in prophylactic or empirical treatments if needed. Additionally, the high rate of mixed colonization emphasizes the importance of using chromogenic media for routine evaluation.This is the first prospective cohort study comparing Candida colonization features including species and body sites from the time of admission to the externalization in intensive care unit patients with and without COVID-19. It provides key points that can be referenced for fungal approaches in future disasters. |
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[] | Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else. | Artificial Nourishment Schemes along the Polish Coast and Lagoon Shores between 1980 and 2020, with a Particular Focus on the Hel Peninsula | Abstract: This article reviews the literature covering the period from 1965 to 2020 dedicated to the issue of artificial beach nourishment along the Polish coast, with a particular focus on the Hel Peninsula. The primary sources used in this work include 34 reports from unpublished case studies and projects implemented by the Department of Maritime Hydrotechnics, Maritime Institute in Gdansk, between 1971 and 2020. This paper also presents detailed information about the total fill volume in cubic meters of dredged material deposited along the Polish coast and lagoon shores in 1980-2020. During these 40 years, approximately 40.5 million m3 of sediment was deposited along the Polish coast and lagoon shores. Particular consideration was given to beach fills along the Hel Peninsula, which was at actual risk of breaking in its basal and central sections after intense storms at the turn of 1988 and 1989. The survey materials collected enabled the assessment of the coastal morphodynamics of the peninsula under the Coastal Protection Program through the prism of changes in the fill volume along the coastal sections, which were replenished with material coming from submarine deposits. The peninsula's stability was also assessed, taking into account the ongoing climate change. Moreover, this article discusses the proposed rules and terms for protecting the Polish coast by way of artificial nourishment. |
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[] | Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else. | HBIM-based workflow for the integration of advanced photovoltaic systems in historical buildings | Abstract: The European Union is pushing towards the adoption of energy production systems from Renewable Energy Sources, in both new and existing buildings. However, integrating photovoltaic (PV) applications into historical heritage context remain challenging due to a number of different barriers, primarily related to social acceptability. This research aims to define a collaborative and interoperable workflow that utilizes Heritage Building Information Modelling (HBIM) tools to facilitate the integration of advanced and cus-tomized PV technologies and components in historical buildings refurbishment operations. The workflow combines architectural refurbishment practices with parametric rendering and a best-choice protocol to establish an efficient stakeholder value-chain for a collaborative approach. The methodology includes the following four steps: (i) historical research and on-site survey; (ii) HBIM model construction; (iii) selec-tion of PV interventions and technologies; (iv) modelling of the selected PV components and integration in the HBIM model. The study also demonstrates the output of applying this workflow to a real histor-ical building through a case study. Heritage-compatible building integrated PV (BIPV) interventions are evaluated following a multi-level risk-benefits scheme that considers factors such as aesthetic impact, technological compatibility, theoretical energy performances, economic costs, and environmental issues. Subsequently, selected interventions and advanced customized BIPV elements are modelled in BIM en-vironment. The study highlights the positive implications of this HBIM-based workflow in various as-pects, including decision-making (e.g., promoting collaboration and interoperability), modelling (e.g., pre-emptive evaluation and reduction of impacts, PV component customization, and optimization), and data and process management (e.g., creating an all-in-one model for future assessments and operations).(c) 2023 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Masson SAS on behalf of Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR). This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ ) |
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[] | Based on the text of the abstract in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, give the most likely title, and output only the title and nothing else. | Medicaid Home and Community-Based Services in the Wake of the COVID-19 Pandemic | Abstract: The need to bolster Medicaid home and community-based services (HCBS) became more evident during the COVID-19 pandemic. This recognition stemmed from the challenges of keeping people safe in nursing homes and the acute workforce shortages in the HCBS sector. This article examines two major federal developments and state responses in HCBS options as a result of the pandemic. The first initiative entails a one-year increase of the federal Medicaid matching rate for HCBS included in the American Rescue Plan Act championed by the Biden administration. The second initiative encompasses administrative flexibilities that permitted states to temporarily expand and modify their existing Medicaid HCBS programs. The article concludes that the effects of the pandemic flexibilities and enhanced federal funding on most state HCBS programs will be limited without continued investment and leadership on the part of the federal government, which is a Biden administration priority. States that make the American Rescue Act and COVID-19 flexibilities initiatives permanent are states that have the fiscal resources and political commitment to expanding HCBS benefits that other states lack. States' different approaches to bolstering Medicaid HCBS during the pandemic may contribute to widening disparities in access and quality of HCBS across states and populations who depend on Medicaid HCBS. |