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Abstract: The art of acting, drama, or theatre has been largely excluded from the debate on the nature of consciousness in the scientific community. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether acting performance benefits from a divided or unified state of consciousness. Twenty-four acting students and professionals performed a monologue three times, twice with an interference task. Two different sets of instructions were provided for this task: one that asked participants to incorporate the interference into the world of their monologue (unified consciousness), and another that asked them to dissociate it from their theatrical performance (divided consciousness). The variables studied included an evaluation of performance on primary and secondary tasks, as well as responses on a creativity and dissociative experiences questionnaire and to open-ended questions. Two acting professors provided monologue ratings. There was a significant difference in interference task performance scores for the divided and unified conscious conditions, as well as for the primary rater's monologue scores. Participants performed better on both tasks when they were asked to incorporate the interference into the imagined world of their monologue. These results show that a unified conscious approach results in better performance on certain tasks, implying that unified consciousness may be more adaptive for certain daily functions such as multitasking. | [] | Philosophy | According to the text of the abstract of the paper in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, determine which discipline this text belongs to, and select a discipline from ['Archaeology', 'Economics', 'Communication', 'Demography', 'Education', 'Geography', 'Law', 'Art', 'History', 'Philosophy'] for output, only the name of the category needs to be output, don't output any other content. |
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Abstract: Climatic changes have a significant impact on the composition and distribution of forests, especially on ecotone ones. In the Southern Ural, pine-broadleaf ecotone forests were widespread during the early Holocene time, but now have persisted as relic plant communities. This study aimed to analyze the current potential range and to model changes in habitat suitability of relic pine-broadleaf ecotone forests of the suballiance Tilio-Pinenion under scenarios of moderate (RCP4.5) and strong (RCP8.5) climate change. For modelling, we used MaxEnt software with the predictors being climate variables from CHELSA Bioclim, the global digital soil mapping system SoilGrids and the digital elevation model. In the Southern and Middle Urals, climate change is expected to increase the areas with suitable habitat conditions of these forests by the middle of the 21st century and decrease them in the second half of the century. By the middle of the 21st century, the eastern range boundary of these forests will shift eastward due to the penetration of broad-leaved tree species into coniferous forests of the Southern Ural. In the second half of the century, on the contrary, it is expected that climate aridization will again shift the potential range border of these forests to the west due to their gradual replacement by hemiboreal coniferous forests. The relationship between the floristic composition of pine-broadleaf forests and habitat suitability was identified. In low and medium habitat suitability, pine-broadleaf forests contain more nemoral species characteristic of deciduous forests of the temperate zone, and can be replaced by broadleaf forests after thinning and removal of pine. In the Volga Upland, suitable habitats are occupied by pine-broadleaf forests of the vicariant suballiance Querco robori-Tilienion cordatae. Projected climatic changes will have a significant impact on these ecotone forests, which remained completely unaltered for a long time. | [] | Archaeology | According to the text of the abstract of the paper in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, determine which discipline this text belongs to, and select a discipline from ['Archaeology', 'Economics', 'Communication', 'Demography', 'Education', 'Geography', 'Law', 'Art', 'History', 'Philosophy'] for output, only the name of the category needs to be output, don't output any other content. |
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Abstract: Introduction: rare diseases (RD) are extremely complex health conditions. Persons affected by these conditions in Cameroon are often neglected in society and health systems through the inexistence of policies and programs. In Cameroon, there exists no program or policy conceived to address their needs in terms of access to quality health care, timely and reliable diagnosis, treatments, education, etc. The consequence is that persons living with a RD (PLWRD) and their families do not participate in social life. The unique fate of PLWRD reveals that the principle of social justice and equity is flawed in Cameroon. However, patients, in order to survive in society, rely on patients' organizations (PO) to improve their quality of life (QoL) and advocate for a better consideration in the society. The aim of this paper is to highlight how initiatives from a grassroot perspective like POs can inform decision-makers to address the needs of PLWRD and their families.Methods: the study associated a systematic literature review and semi-structured interviews with parents of children suffering from a RD and who are members of a PO. Through the systematic literature review we highlighted the impact POs have in the development of research on RDs, patient literacy, patient empowerment and advocacy while semi-structured interviews brought out the needs of patients and their families.Results: findings, on the one hand show that, in Cameroon PLWRD face a number of challenges like the incurability of their condition, catastrophic medical expenses, stigmatization and marginalization, etc. and though in POs their QoL still remains poor. On the other hand, where POs are empowered they are key actors in research on RDs and help decision-makers on having a better insight into the type of RD that exists across a geographical area, the sociodemographic profile of patients, etc. for a better management of PLWRD.Conclusion: the study suggests that the ministry of public health should create a network with existing RD POs to adequately meet the needs of PLWRD. | [] | Philosophy | According to the text of the abstract of the paper in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, determine which discipline this text belongs to, and select a discipline from ['Archaeology', 'Economics', 'Communication', 'Demography', 'Education', 'Geography', 'Law', 'Art', 'History', 'Philosophy'] for output, only the name of the category needs to be output, don't output any other content. |
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Abstract: Iron deposits are commonly found in marine archaeological wood, causing acidification, degradation, and mechanical damage to marine archaeological wood. This study focused on extracting iron deposits from loose wood samples taken from the Nanhai I shipwreck. The removal efficiency of iron deposits in wood using materials, such as EDTA-2Na, DTPA, C6H17N3O7, Na2C2O4, amidoxime cellulose, DFO, EDTA-2Na-H2O2, DTPA-H2O2, EDTA-2Na-Na2S2O4, and DTPA-Na2S2O4, was evaluated. Analysis using scanning elec-tron microscopy/energy dispersive spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction identified the presence of iron de-posits in the wood of the Nanhai I shipwreck including goethite (FeOOH) and pyrite (FeS2). The removal efficiency was evaluated by ICP-AES and results showed that amidoxime cellulose and DTPA had higher removal efficiency for iron deposits in wood. The difference between the iron deposits removal efficiency of DTPA and EDTA was significant after the addition of oxidant (H2O2) and reductant (Na2S2O4) to the systems, respectively. The addition of oxidant H2O2 to DTPA improved the iron deposits removal effi-ciency of DTPA from wood within 30 days. Furthermore, the addition of reductant Na2S2O4 to EDTA-2Na significantly improved the iron deposits removal efficiency of EDTA-2Na from wood. These findings pro-vide a valuable reference for developing efficient methods for removing iron deposits during the practical protection of the Nanhai I shipwreck.(c) 2023 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Masson SAS on behalf of Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR). This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ ) | [] | Art | According to the text of the abstract of the paper in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, determine which discipline this text belongs to, and select a discipline from ['Archaeology', 'Economics', 'Communication', 'Demography', 'Education', 'Geography', 'Law', 'Art', 'History', 'Philosophy'] for output, only the name of the category needs to be output, don't output any other content. |
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Abstract: In recent years, pyroarchaeology has expanded rapidly and included experimental approaches. However, analyses of the combustion products carried by smoke (mainly soot and microcharcoal) and the study of fixing, recording, and preserving processes of this material on parietal surfaces remain limited. We therefore launched the ExTraS (Experiments on Traces of Soot) program, which aims to document the processes of fixation, recording, and preservation of combustion products in speleothems. We focused on various parameters, including the influence of wall surfaces, meteorological and seasonal conditions, and the nature of the fuel. Here, we present results acquired over several years (2015-2023) that combine macroscopic, microscopic, and colorimetric observations, as well as Raman microspectroscopy characterization. Our findings improve our understanding of the formation process of sooty speleothems observed at archaeological sites in rock shelters and caves. | [] | Archaeology | According to the text of the abstract of the paper in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, determine which discipline this text belongs to, and select a discipline from ['Archaeology', 'Economics', 'Communication', 'Demography', 'Education', 'Geography', 'Law', 'Art', 'History', 'Philosophy'] for output, only the name of the category needs to be output, don't output any other content. |
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Abstract: The accurate assessment of the material constitution and degradation in newly discovered archaeological artefacts is paramount for the decisions surrounding a thorough treatment of the object during the restoration and conservation stages. The laboratories possess competent experts and complex devices to perform this analysis properly. Nevertheless, a timely hint of an artificial intelligence assistant regarding the chemical composition and corrosion compound localization of a metal asset could save additional time and resources. The present paper proposes such a computational framework based on deep learning techniques that, on the base of its automatic determination of the chemical concentration of the predominant metal from a microscope image, can subsequently independently also recognize and delineate the corrosion spots of the products specific to that metal. The experiments have been performed on iron and copper heritage items from the Oltenia Museum, Romania. The results suggest that, even with an economic training information in terms of microscope images and annotations, the artificial intelligence framework can provide on-site support for an early examination of metal heritage assets.(c) 2023 Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR). Published by Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved. | [] | Art | According to the text of the abstract of the paper in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, determine which discipline this text belongs to, and select a discipline from ['Archaeology', 'Economics', 'Communication', 'Demography', 'Education', 'Geography', 'Law', 'Art', 'History', 'Philosophy'] for output, only the name of the category needs to be output, don't output any other content. |
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Abstract: Over the past 50 years, humans have extracted the Earth's groundwater stocks at a steep rate, largely to fuel global agro-economic development. Given society's growing reliance on groundwater, we explore 'peak water limits' to investigate whether, when and where humanity might reach peak groundwater extraction. Using an integrated global model of the coupled human-Earth system, we simulate groundwater withdrawals across 235 water basins under 900 future scenarios of global change over the twenty-first century. Here we find that global non-renewable groundwater withdrawals exhibit a distinct peak-and-decline signature, comparable to historical observations of other depletable resources (for example, minerals), in nearly all (98%) scenarios, peaking on average at 625 km3 yr-1 around mid-century, followed by a decline through 2100. The peak and decline occur in about one-third (82) of basins, including 21 that may have already peaked, exposing about half (44%) of the global population to groundwater stress. Most of these basins are in countries with the highest current extraction rates, including the United States, Mexico, Pakistan, India, China, Saudi Arabia and Iran. These groundwater-dependent basins will probably face increasing costs of groundwater and food production, suggesting important implications for global agricultural trade and a diminished role for groundwater in meeting global water demands during the twenty-first century.Humans rely heavily on non-renewable groundwater, especially to support agricultural production. Like other depletable resources, groundwater extraction is expected to peak and subsequently decline during the twenty-first century, highlighting imminent transformations in the availability and use of water globally. | [] | Geography | According to the text of the abstract of the paper in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, determine which discipline this text belongs to, and select a discipline from ['Archaeology', 'Economics', 'Communication', 'Demography', 'Education', 'Geography', 'Law', 'Art', 'History', 'Philosophy'] for output, only the name of the category needs to be output, don't output any other content. |
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Abstract: This article explores the intricate relationship between transnational solidarity and citizenship in socialist Tanzania, renowned for its extensive and enduring support of liberation movements from the 1960s to the 1980s. Termed frontline citizenship, this unique political subjectivity, evolving in the 1960s, was shaped not only by Tanzania's geopolitical location, nationalist struggles against colonialism, and government efforts to instil attitudes of anti-colonial solidarity in the population, but also by initiatives of hosted liberation movements, Tanzanians' embrace of global anti-imperialist currents from Cuba to China and Vietnam, and critiques of politicians in exile. The article highlights the gendered and generational aspects of the solidarity regime, scrutinizes contested material solidarities, and discusses the partial decline of the frontline citizenship discourse. It does so by investigating the role of media, the impact of the paramilitary National Service, and the dynamics of material support practices. Drawing on multi-archival research, interviews, memoirs, and secondary literature, with a focus on South Africa's African National Congress (ANC), the analysis challenges conventional views of state-sponsored solidarity, emphasizing the dynamic interplay between state initiatives and grassroots participation as well as external and internal actors. Conceiving socialist Tanzania's solidarity regime in this way contributes to a broader understanding of the intersection between anti-imperialist world-making, nationalist state-building, and everyday performances of citizenship. | [] | History | According to the text of the abstract of the paper in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, determine which discipline this text belongs to, and select a discipline from ['Archaeology', 'Economics', 'Communication', 'Demography', 'Education', 'Geography', 'Law', 'Art', 'History', 'Philosophy'] for output, only the name of the category needs to be output, don't output any other content. |
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Abstract: BACKGROUND: With the rapid aging of the domestic population, China has a strong incentive to increase the statutory retirement age. How retirement affects the health of the elderly is crucial to this policymaking. The health consequences of retirement have been debated greatly. This study aims to investigate the effects of retirement on physical and mental health among Chinese elderly people.METHODS: The data we use in this study comes from four waves (2011, 2013, 2015, and 2018) of the Harmonized China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (Harmonized CHARLS), a prospective cohort. We use the nonparametric fuzzy regression discontinuity design to estimate the effects of retirement on physical and mental health. We test the robustness of our results with respect to different bandwidths, kernel functions, and polynomial orders. We also explore the heterogeneity across gender and education.RESULTS: Results show that retirement has an insignificant effect on a series of physical and mental health outcomes, with and without adjusting several sociodemographic variables. Heterogeneity exists regarding gender and education. Although stratified analyses indicate that the transition from working to retirement leaves minimal effects on males and females, the effects go in the opposite direction. This finding holds for low-educated and high-educated groups for health outcomes including depression and cognitive function. Most of the results are stable with respect to different bandwidths, kernel functions, and polynomial orders.CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest that it is possible to delay the statutory retirement age in China as retirement has insignificant effects on physical and mental health. However, further research is needed to assess the long-term effect of retirement on health. | [] | Demography | According to the text of the abstract of the paper in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, determine which discipline this text belongs to, and select a discipline from ['Archaeology', 'Economics', 'Communication', 'Demography', 'Education', 'Geography', 'Law', 'Art', 'History', 'Philosophy'] for output, only the name of the category needs to be output, don't output any other content. |
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Abstract: Water resources in the Pacific Northwest (PNW) are characterized by significant interannual to interdecadal variation. Paleo-proxy reconstructions such as those derived from tree-rings provide longer-term context and supplement information on this expected range of variability, which can improve planning, management, and response related to extreme events and hydrologic change. However, existing paleo-proxy reconstructions have yet to address the potential for pronounced within- and among-basin variations in the PNW due to a lack of spatial coverage. Here we develop methodologically consistent reconstructions for 36 gages in the PNW, including the Columbia and Snake River drainages, as well as key coastal watersheds. These reconstructions extend back at least to the 1500s coefficient of efficiency. Reconstruction skill is relatively high (mean R-2 = 0.63), and snowpack- or winter precipitation-sensitive chronologies from high-elevation sites provide important contributions to reconstruction skill. At the whole-region scale, reconstructed variability indicates evidence for drier and wetter years, more persistent decadal variability, and correspondingly longer episodes of deficit and surplus compared to instrumental records. Within the region, this expanded range of extremes appears especially prevalent in the Snake River and southern PNW watersheds. Regionally, cumulative deficits in the early 1500s and mid 1600s rival those of the early 20(th) century, though persistence and timing vary widely among basins. These reconstructions suggest that considering within-region variability will be key for water management and planning under climate change, and that sub-regional adaptation strategies are likely to be advantageous. | [] | Archaeology | According to the text of the abstract of the paper in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, determine which discipline this text belongs to, and select a discipline from ['Archaeology', 'Economics', 'Communication', 'Demography', 'Education', 'Geography', 'Law', 'Art', 'History', 'Philosophy'] for output, only the name of the category needs to be output, don't output any other content. |
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Abstract: The article analyses the solidarity campaigns organized by the Czechoslovak Committee for Solidarity with African and Asian Peoples between the 1960s and 1980s. It situates the Czechoslovak solidarity towards African countries in the wider framework of the solidarity politics of the Eastern bloc and points out differences as well as similarities. Although the Czechoslovak Solidarity Committee was one of the first such committees to be founded in Eastern Europe, in the 1960s its official as well as public commitment to internationalist principles was modest compared with those of solidarity movements elsewhere in the bloc. However, the solidarity campaigns with African liberation movements intensified in the early 1970s. The campaigns in this period were marked by strong national symbolism, which drew on historical parallels between the African and Czechoslovak struggles for independence. The everyday internationalism in this case filled the public space with images of shared suffering, inferiority, and occupation, through which Czechoslovak citizens made sense of their historical role in the world. The article argues that this nationalization of official solidarity campaigns helped to embed the victimization narratives that survived the Velvet Revolution and that, in the 1990s, became a basis for new Czech and Slovak political identification. | [] | History | According to the text of the abstract of the paper in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, determine which discipline this text belongs to, and select a discipline from ['Archaeology', 'Economics', 'Communication', 'Demography', 'Education', 'Geography', 'Law', 'Art', 'History', 'Philosophy'] for output, only the name of the category needs to be output, don't output any other content. |
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Abstract: While contemporary fascisms operate in ways both obvious and covert, this piece focuses on the gradual harms that remain unintelligible in everyday rhetorics. I join scholars such as E Cram, who have tracked how white supremacy erodes our energies and time. Considering inflammation as a record of such harm, I examine how many chronic diseases inscribe systemic abuse onto trans, disabled, and Black and brown bodyminds. Drawing from the narrative traditions of cultural rhetorics, critical race counterstory, and crip and trans of color critique, I story the injured body back into our profession, asking our disciplines to consider how our choices can enforce, expose, or resist the slow burn of colonial exploitation. | [] | Communication | According to the text of the abstract of the paper in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, determine which discipline this text belongs to, and select a discipline from ['Archaeology', 'Economics', 'Communication', 'Demography', 'Education', 'Geography', 'Law', 'Art', 'History', 'Philosophy'] for output, only the name of the category needs to be output, don't output any other content. |
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Abstract: PurposeWhile previous research has demonstrated the positive effects of digital business strategies on operational efficiency, financial performance and value creation, little is known about how such strategies influence innovation performance. To address the gap, this paper aims to investigate the impact of a firm's digital business strategy on its innovation performance.Design/methodology/approachDrawing on the dynamic capability view, this study examines the mechanism through which a digital business strategy affects innovation performance. Data were collected from 215 firms in China and analyzed using multiple regression and structural equation modeling.FindingsThe empirical analysis reveals that a firm's digital business strategy has positive impacts on both product and process innovation performance. These impacts are partially mediated by knowledge-based dynamic capability. Additionally, a firm's digital business strategy interacts positively with its entrepreneurial orientation in facilitating knowledge-based dynamic capability. Moreover, market turbulence enhances the strength of this interaction effect. Therefore, entrepreneurial-oriented firms operating in turbulent markets can benefit more from digital business strategies to enhance their knowledge-based dynamic capabilities and consequently improve their innovation performance.Originality/valueThis study contributes to the understanding of how a firm's digital business strategy interacts with entrepreneurial orientation in turbulent markets to shape knowledge-based dynamic capability, which in turn enhances the firm's innovation performance. | [] | Economics | According to the text of the abstract of the paper in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, determine which discipline this text belongs to, and select a discipline from ['Archaeology', 'Economics', 'Communication', 'Demography', 'Education', 'Geography', 'Law', 'Art', 'History', 'Philosophy'] for output, only the name of the category needs to be output, don't output any other content. |
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Abstract: Through historical and anthropological inquiry, this paper addresses the issue of memory antagonisms involving cultural landscapes in the context of a former mining region: the Belgian Black Country. This region, which became increasingly industrialized in the 19th century through the massive development of coal mining and steel industry, subsequently experienced deindustrialization, and now finds itself mobilized in a process of 'post-industrial' mutation. The paper is divided into two parts. In the first part, it examines how the landscapes inherited from industry, and in particular the slag heaps of the coalfield, have over time become repositories of a working-class memory, through the living and working practices of the communities surrounding the mines. It also documents the various representations attached to these landscape objects, whose contradictions echo the oppositions between capital and labor that have marked the development of industrial capitalism. The second part of the paper, which focuses on the present situation, examines how these representations are remobilized in the valorization processes that are initiated by different actors, in the context of a 'post-industrial' urban transition strategy that seeks to produce a unified and pacified historical narrative. We'll be looking at how historical conflicts still permeate the representations of these landscapes, the question of their conservation, and their possible future. | [] | History | According to the text of the abstract of the paper in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, determine which discipline this text belongs to, and select a discipline from ['Archaeology', 'Economics', 'Communication', 'Demography', 'Education', 'Geography', 'Law', 'Art', 'History', 'Philosophy'] for output, only the name of the category needs to be output, don't output any other content. |
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Abstract: Collaboration remains a central aspect of contemporary work and a source of emergent barriers that hinder team success. Scholarship has identified the breadth of barriers teams can face when working together and recognizes barriers as interdependent. This paper builds on this scholarship to address the types of relationships barriers can have as they interact across levels of analysis to affect teams. We draw on qualitative interview data with scientific teams to explore relationships among barriers stemming from teams' internal processes and context. We identify common relationship patterns among barriers that can be used as a framework for analyzing complex, multi-level barrier systems affecting team outcomes. Our data highlight the importance of considering longitudinal, strategic support for targeting cross-barrier interactions when seeking to intervene in collaborations. This framework has practical application in supporting teams and creating policies that support collaborative work. | [] | Economics | According to the text of the abstract of the paper in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, determine which discipline this text belongs to, and select a discipline from ['Archaeology', 'Economics', 'Communication', 'Demography', 'Education', 'Geography', 'Law', 'Art', 'History', 'Philosophy'] for output, only the name of the category needs to be output, don't output any other content. |
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Abstract: This study explores how networks for entrepreneurial activities evolve and change during an institutional transition at the macro level. For this purpose, we present the historical case study of Melia, a pioneering company in the development of the Spanish tourism industry during Franco ' s Regime (1939-1975), when the country evolved from interventionism and isolation toward an increasingly market-oriented economy. Our study shows how Melia's networks co-evolved with their institutional framework, resulting in a transformation in their composition, purpose, and outcomes. Through historical contextualization, our paper allows us to capture the nuances of an institutional transition as well as to better understand the change processes of networks, the significance of strong and weak ties as the firm matures, and the dynamics of network brokerage over time. Therefore, our research contributes to the literature on networks and institutional transitions showing the value of a history-in theory perspective. | [] | History | According to the text of the abstract of the paper in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, determine which discipline this text belongs to, and select a discipline from ['Archaeology', 'Economics', 'Communication', 'Demography', 'Education', 'Geography', 'Law', 'Art', 'History', 'Philosophy'] for output, only the name of the category needs to be output, don't output any other content. |
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Abstract: The contemporary art world is conservatively estimated to be a $65 billion USD market that employs millions of human artists, sellers, and collectors globally. Recent attention paid to AI-made art in prestigious galleries, museums, and popular media has provoked debate around how these statistics will change. Unanswered questions fuel growing anxieties. Are AI-made and human-made art evaluated in the same ways? How will growing exposure to AI-made art impact evaluations of human creativity? Our research uses a psychological lens to explore these questions in the realm of visual art. We find that people devalue art labeled as AI-made across a variety of dimensions, even when they report it is indistinguishable from human-made art, and even when they believe it was produced collaboratively with a human. We also find that comparing images labeled as human-made to images labeled as AI-made increases perceptions of human creativity, an effect that can be leveraged to increase the value of human effort. Results are robust across six experiments (N=2965) using a range of human-made and AI-made stimuli and incorporating representative samples of the US population. Finally, we highlight conditions that strengthen effects as well as dimensions where AI-devaluation effects are more pronounced. | [] | Art | According to the text of the abstract of the paper in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, determine which discipline this text belongs to, and select a discipline from ['Archaeology', 'Economics', 'Communication', 'Demography', 'Education', 'Geography', 'Law', 'Art', 'History', 'Philosophy'] for output, only the name of the category needs to be output, don't output any other content. |
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Abstract: The Warner Brothers/Mattel movie Barbie is meant to be about feminism and capitalism in complicated, comical, and nuanced ways. It mostly succeeds in its dual purpose of comedy and inspiration. The doll's origin in 1959 places her and her consort, Ken, squarely in the context of the Cold War, although neither the movie nor the doll's long and successful marketing history acknowledges anything outside the sunny world of Barbie Land. The nuclear shadow does affect the movie's reception, however, in the form of international protests over the dashed lines scrawled on a supposed World Map in one scene. For nations in and around the South China Sea, the dashed lines evoke the specter of war in a nuclear age over claims to territorial sovereignty. Yet director Greta Gerwig's film is a runaway success, the first film solo directed by a woman to gross more than a billion dollars and counting. | [] | Philosophy | According to the text of the abstract of the paper in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, determine which discipline this text belongs to, and select a discipline from ['Archaeology', 'Economics', 'Communication', 'Demography', 'Education', 'Geography', 'Law', 'Art', 'History', 'Philosophy'] for output, only the name of the category needs to be output, don't output any other content. |
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Abstract: This paper is concerned with Michel Serres's critique of property. Through the concept of 'le propre,' which in French can mean both 'clean' and 'one's own,' and a naturalist reading of Rousseau, he proposes a 'stercorian' eco-criticism of property. Focusing on concepts of limits provides a fruitful angle from which to illuminate Serres's critique of law and property. The first section will introduce Serres as a thinker of limits, borders, and boundaries. In the second and third parts, attention will be drawn to his eco-criticism of law and property from a feminist and philosophy of science perspective, concluding with a fourth part, in which Serres's approach will be contextualized in relation to other naturalisms. His work has far-reaching consequences for discourses of human agency in the context of the Anthropocene and makes a crucial contribution to how a new naturalist criticism of property might be conceived. | [] | Philosophy | According to the text of the abstract of the paper in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, determine which discipline this text belongs to, and select a discipline from ['Archaeology', 'Economics', 'Communication', 'Demography', 'Education', 'Geography', 'Law', 'Art', 'History', 'Philosophy'] for output, only the name of the category needs to be output, don't output any other content. |
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Abstract: The West Tofts handaxe is a small British Acheulean biface well known for its cortical preservation of a fossilised bivalve shell. The shell's retention, its prominent central placement, and perceptions of the tool's broader aesthetic-value have resulted in it being described as an example of early hominin aesthetic intent. When combined with its mid-to-late Pleistocene age, the handaxe plausibly has implications for our understanding of hominin cognitive evolution and the origins of Palaeolithic art. Crucial to the assignment of aesthetic intent are a series of assumptions concerning the exceptionality of the tool's design, production and use. Here, we test those assumptions. The West Tofts handaxe is revealed to be technologically and morphologically unremarkable for the British late Acheulean, was produced on a tabular flint nodule that did not require invasive (central) flake removals, and displays remarkably average flaking investment. High-resolution micro-CT scans of its internal structure reveal numerous fractures and air pockets, and at least one - potentially two - additional fossilised shells. These inclusions and flaws feasibly impacted the tool's production, potentially resulting in the shell's retention. Limited microwear traces were identified on its distal flaked edges, potentially hinting at the tool's expedient use. These and other data underline the importance of restraint when attributing aesthetic intent or 'over-investment' to the West Tofts handaxe. Today we may consider it a remarkable artefact worthy of elevation, but to the Acheulean individual who produced it, the West Tofts handaxe was likely an average utilitarian tool produced on a flawed but conveniently thin flint nodule. | [] | Archaeology | According to the text of the abstract of the paper in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, determine which discipline this text belongs to, and select a discipline from ['Archaeology', 'Economics', 'Communication', 'Demography', 'Education', 'Geography', 'Law', 'Art', 'History', 'Philosophy'] for output, only the name of the category needs to be output, don't output any other content. |
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Abstract: Globally, more than 1 billion people with disabilities are disproportionately and differentially at risk from the climate crisis. Yet there is a notable absence of climate policy, programming, and research at the intersection of disability and climate change. Advancing climate justice urgently requires accelerated disability-inclusive climate action. We present pivotal research recommendations and guidance to advance disability-inclusive climate research and responses identified by a global interdisciplinary group of experts in disability, climate change, sustainable development, public health, environmental justice, humanitarianism, gender, Indigeneity, mental health, law, and planetary health. Climate-resilient development is a framework for enabling universal sustainable development. Advancing inclusive climate-resilient development requires a disability human rights approach that deepens understanding of how societal choices and actions-characterised by meaningful participation, inclusion, knowledge diversity in decision making, and co-design by and with people with disabilities and their representative organisations-build collective climate resilience benefiting disability communities and society at large while advancing planetary health. | [] | Law | According to the text of the abstract of the paper in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, determine which discipline this text belongs to, and select a discipline from ['Archaeology', 'Economics', 'Communication', 'Demography', 'Education', 'Geography', 'Law', 'Art', 'History', 'Philosophy'] for output, only the name of the category needs to be output, don't output any other content. |
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Abstract: The majority of art education research in the United Kingdom originates from England; however, the devolved nations each have responsibility for education resulting in four different curricula working concurrently across Great Britain. It can be argued that in comparison to England, art and design education research in Scotland is an under-researched area though one that is increasingly garnering interest. This paper contributes to the field by presenting and discussing some of the findings from a survey of teachers focused on art and design education in Scottish primary schools in 2022. A total of 110 teachers participated and the survey examined the value of the subject, the current delivery in schools, the future of the subject and support for teachers. A wealth of data were gathered so this paper focuses particularly on the value of the subject among staff, confidence levels regarding delivery and the role of training and professional learning. The paper concludes that while the value of the subject among staff is strong, confidence levels with regard to teaching the subject are not. Staff felt that training had left them unprepared to teach the subject, and there was limited awareness of professional learning opportunities in their geographical area. | [] | Art | According to the text of the abstract of the paper in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, determine which discipline this text belongs to, and select a discipline from ['Archaeology', 'Economics', 'Communication', 'Demography', 'Education', 'Geography', 'Law', 'Art', 'History', 'Philosophy'] for output, only the name of the category needs to be output, don't output any other content. |
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Abstract: The Sleman Health and Demographic Surveillance System (HDSS) is a longitudinal survey held routinely since 2014 to collect demographic, social, and health changes in Sleman Regency, Special Region of Yogyakarta, Indonesia. During the COVID-19 pandemic in Indonesia, we needed to adjust our method of conducting data collection from in-person to telephone interviews. We describe the Sleman HDSS data collection strategy used and the opportunities it presented. First, the Sleman HDSS team completed a feasibility study and adjusted the standard operational procedures to conduct telephone interviews. Then, the Sleman HDSS team collected data via a telephone interview in September-October 2020. Ten interviewers were equipped with an e-HDSS data collection application installed on an Android-based tablet to collect data. The sample targeted was 5,064 households. The telephone-based data collection successfully interviewed 1,674 households (33% response rate) in 17 subdistricts. We changed the data collection strategy so that the Sleman HDSS could still be conducted and we could get the latest data from the population. Compared to in-person interviewing, data collection via telephone was sufficiently practical. The telephone interview was a safe and viable data collection method. To increase the response rate, telephone number activation could be checked, ways of building rapport could be improved, and engagement could be improved by using social capital. | [] | Demography | According to the text of the abstract of the paper in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, determine which discipline this text belongs to, and select a discipline from ['Archaeology', 'Economics', 'Communication', 'Demography', 'Education', 'Geography', 'Law', 'Art', 'History', 'Philosophy'] for output, only the name of the category needs to be output, don't output any other content. |
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Abstract: This article proposes a novel copula model to understand the dependence between extreme variations in stock and government bond returns. This model is used to introduce a tail-based extension of the safe haven concept, which we refer to as a tail risk dampener. Our findings reveal significant cross-country differences in stock-bond local tail dependence and tail risk dampening abilities. Some countries' bond market can lessen the impact on portfolio returns of extreme negative stock returns, while for others no such negative tail comovement is found. This tail comovement is also not always aligned with global comovement between stocks and bonds. The article concludes that a comprehensive understanding of the comovement and the resulting diversification potential between stock and bond returns necessitates complementing global measures of dependence with local tail measures. | [] | Economics | According to the text of the abstract of the paper in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, determine which discipline this text belongs to, and select a discipline from ['Archaeology', 'Economics', 'Communication', 'Demography', 'Education', 'Geography', 'Law', 'Art', 'History', 'Philosophy'] for output, only the name of the category needs to be output, don't output any other content. |
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Abstract: The Anglo-Scottish Wars (1286-1347) had a significant impact on lay and monastic communities across the North of England physically and psychologically, as the pressures of war between England and Scotland divided people along increasingly hostile and national lines. Monastic chronicles, such as that of Lanercost, have often been used to make sense of the material effect of Scottish raids, and how identities came to possess an increasingly national sense. However, less attention has been paid to how the cartularies of Northern English monasteries contributed to how monastic communities affected by the Anglo-Scottish Wars came to make sense of them. This article will analyse and compare the Furness Chronicle and Anonimalle Chronicle, produced in the fourteenth century, with the early-fifteenth century cartularies produced by Furness Abbey and Byland Abbey. It will contribute towards recent scholarly assessments of how these sources, and the events they recounted, were selectively edited to inform how the monastic communities who engaged with them remembered the impact of the Anglo-Scottish Wars upon them. Chronicles and cartularies were used together to reinforce an institutional memory, or a collective sense of connection with the history of an institution that Furness and Byland were creating in the early fourteenth century. | [] | History | According to the text of the abstract of the paper in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, determine which discipline this text belongs to, and select a discipline from ['Archaeology', 'Economics', 'Communication', 'Demography', 'Education', 'Geography', 'Law', 'Art', 'History', 'Philosophy'] for output, only the name of the category needs to be output, don't output any other content. |
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Abstract: BackgroundChildren with Down syndrome (DS) demonstrate poorer performance in locomotor and ball skills than children with typical development. During motor assessment, keeping children's attention and motivation is challenging, especially for children with DS, which may affect the test outcomes. This study aimed first to examine the impact of examiner and App-animation demonstrations during the assessment on the performance of fundamental motor skills, focus of attention and intrinsic motivation for children with DS and neurotypical development (NTD). The secondary aim was to examine the differences in those outcomes between children with DS and neurotypical development.MethodsA sample of 24 children (10 with DS and 14 with NTD) aged between 3 and 10 years were subjected to two motor performance assessment protocols: a traditional protocol using the Gross Motor Development Test-3 (TGMD-3) and a protocol using animations from an application as support for TGMD-3 (AppP). The focus of attention was obtained from video recordings during protocol instruction (number of eye shifts, eye shift time, instruction focus time, number of instructions required and total instruction time). Intrinsic motivation was assessed by the Intrinsic Motivation Inventory (IMI) at the end of each protocol.ResultsThe results showed no significant differences between the protocols for locomotor skills, ball skills and gross motor index. However, children with NTD outperformed those with DS in these skills. When analysing the focus of attention, children with DS showed greater ocular deviations and longer instruction time requested in the traditional protocol compared with AppP, even when compared with NDT children. When comparing protocols in both groups, AppP demonstrated fewer ocular deviations and shorter ocular deviation times. Regarding intrinsic motivation, children with DS in the traditional protocol had lower motivation scores than those with NTD. Regarding the purchase of protocols, in both groups, the AppP presented higher scores for interest/pleasure, perceived competence and general motivation, with lower pressure/tension.ConclusionThe animated application (AppP) proved effective as a visual support during the TGMD-3 assessment, particularly benefiting children with DS by enhancing motivation and attention. | [] | Education | According to the text of the abstract of the paper in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, determine which discipline this text belongs to, and select a discipline from ['Archaeology', 'Economics', 'Communication', 'Demography', 'Education', 'Geography', 'Law', 'Art', 'History', 'Philosophy'] for output, only the name of the category needs to be output, don't output any other content. |
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Abstract: Hyperspectral imaging has recently consolidated as a useful technique for pigment mapping and iden-tification, although it is commonly supported by additional non-invasive analytical methods. Since it is relatively rare to find pure pigments in aged paintings, spectral unmixing can be helpful in facilitating pigment identification if suitable mixing models and endmember extraction procedures are chosen. In this study, a subtractive mixing model is assumed, and two approaches are compared for endmember extraction: one based on a linear mixture model, and the other, nonlinear and Deep-Learning based. Two spectral hyperspaces are used: the spectral reflectance (R hyperspace) and the-log(R) hyperspace, for which the subtractive model becomes additive. The performance of unmixing is evaluated by the similar-ity of the estimated reflectance to the measured data, and pigment identification accuracy. Two spectral ranges (400 to 10 0 0 nm and 900 to 1700 nm) and two objects (a laboratory sample and an aged painting, both on copper) are tested. The main conclusion is that unmixing in the -log(R) hyperspace with a linear mixing model is better than for the non-linear model in R hyperspace, and that pigment identification is generally better in R hyperspace, improving by merging the results in both spectral ranges.(c) 2023 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Masson SAS on behalf of Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR). This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ ) | [] | Art | According to the text of the abstract of the paper in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, determine which discipline this text belongs to, and select a discipline from ['Archaeology', 'Economics', 'Communication', 'Demography', 'Education', 'Geography', 'Law', 'Art', 'History', 'Philosophy'] for output, only the name of the category needs to be output, don't output any other content. |
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Abstract: Can the government buy its way around the Fourth Amendment's warrant requirement? As the panic over data-sharing after Dobbsillustrates, the answer is an urgent yes. Transactions between the government and data brokers-businesses that acquire, aggregate, and sell massive amounts of data on individuals' digital activities-fall outside the Stored Communications Act's hopelessly out-of-date guardrails and through a Fourth Amendment loophole. Though the Supreme Court's 2018 Carpenterdecision provides a useful framework for evaluating data's Fourth Amendment protection, it will not save us from data brokers. The tick-tick-tock cycleof Fourth Amendment precedent and privacy legislation is off. As Orwell would say, the clocks are striking thirteen. It is past time for Congress to pass new privacy legislation. But what should that legislation look like? History, as usual, offers clues. In this Note, I argue that to rebalance competing interests in light of paradigm technological change, Congress must learn from past mistakes in drafting the Stored CommunicationsAct. I analyze threepotential legislative solutions-the Fourth Amendment Is Not for Sale Act;the My Body, My Data Act;and California's Delete Act-and propose my own, which combines the strengths of eachand provides flexibility for future technological developments. That way, when the Fourth Amendment clock strikes again, we will be ready | [] | Law | According to the text of the abstract of the paper in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, determine which discipline this text belongs to, and select a discipline from ['Archaeology', 'Economics', 'Communication', 'Demography', 'Education', 'Geography', 'Law', 'Art', 'History', 'Philosophy'] for output, only the name of the category needs to be output, don't output any other content. |
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Abstract: Green Building Practices (GBPs) are gaining prominence in many countries around the world. However, in many developing countries, Tanzania inclusive, little progress has been made in achieving its implementation. The current study sought to examine the factors attributable to low uptake, focusing on an appraisal of the stakeholders' knowledge of GB design features, triggers, and the pathways for uptake. The study was conducted in Dar es Salaam City in Tanzania, involving different stakeholders sampled from the construction industry, including architects, engineers, quantity surveyors, and property managers. Valid data were collected through 412 questionnaires. The study revealed a general consensus among the respondents that GBs are environmentally friendly and cost effective. However, it appeared that the ranking score of GB design features according to the respondents did not correlate with their ranking in existing GB rating systems. It was concluded that there exist misconceptions among the constructions industry stakeholders regarding what green building practices entail and the essential requirements for their implementation. Therefore, the study recommends pragmatic educational trainings to stakeholders in the construction sector of Tanzania on GBPs. Mandatory legislation of green building codes and regulations is also suggested as a potential pathway for enhancing GB practices in Tanzania. | [] | Geography | According to the text of the abstract of the paper in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, determine which discipline this text belongs to, and select a discipline from ['Archaeology', 'Economics', 'Communication', 'Demography', 'Education', 'Geography', 'Law', 'Art', 'History', 'Philosophy'] for output, only the name of the category needs to be output, don't output any other content. |
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Abstract: This paper examines the research by Fiona Leverick and demonstrates the methodological flaws in much of the 'rape myth' and mock jury research. Other ideas about rape myths and the 'justice gap' are explored and seen to be questionable. Furthermore, through a detailed examination of the rape myth acceptance scales, which Leverick describes as being 'scientifically validated', we trace the ideological and political-ethical nature of these scales and show a clear one-sidedness in how researchers have used them. Most particularly, we find that there is one-sidedness when it comes to the question of victim empathy. One result of this is that mock jury research has indicated that victim empathetic participants are finding individuals guilty of rape, despite the lack of evidence, and almost nothing has been said about the potential miscarriages of justice being demonstrated in these cases. The argument is thus made that rather than there being overwhelming evidence of rape myth prejudices amongst the public, there appears to be a one-sidedness amongst most rape myth researchers that is encouraging a sentiment of victim empathy that could distort the principles of justice regarding defendants being innocent until proven guilty based on a need to prove guilt beyond reasonable doubt. 1 | [] | Law | According to the text of the abstract of the paper in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, determine which discipline this text belongs to, and select a discipline from ['Archaeology', 'Economics', 'Communication', 'Demography', 'Education', 'Geography', 'Law', 'Art', 'History', 'Philosophy'] for output, only the name of the category needs to be output, don't output any other content. |
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Abstract: Noncompete agreements limiting the mobility of workers have been found to be widespread in the United States, a flexible and lightly regulated labor market. We explore the use of noncompete agreements in a rigid and highly regulated labor market, where labor mobility is low, and the labor market is highly regulated via legislation and collective bargaining. Based on a novel survey of Italian workers and an analysis of the regulatory framework, our study shows how trends and patterns in the use of noncompete agreements are not specific to a flexible labor market. Even in a rigid and highly regulated labor market, noncompete agreements are widespread, and often do not comply with the minimum legal requirements, and yet workers are not aware of their enforceability. This suggests that institutions and labor market regulations are not enough per se, especially when targeted groups are not properly informed, and incentives to comply are minimal. | [] | Economics | According to the text of the abstract of the paper in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, determine which discipline this text belongs to, and select a discipline from ['Archaeology', 'Economics', 'Communication', 'Demography', 'Education', 'Geography', 'Law', 'Art', 'History', 'Philosophy'] for output, only the name of the category needs to be output, don't output any other content. |
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Abstract: Seafood products are globally consumed, and there is an increasing demand for the quality and safety of these products among consumers. Some seafoods are easily contaminated by marine biotoxins in natural environments or cultured farming processes. When humans ingest different toxins accumulated in seafood, they may exhibit different poisoning symptoms. According to the investigations, marine toxins produced by harmful algal blooms and various other marine organisms mainly accumulate in the body organs such as liver and digestive tract of seafood animals. Several regions around the world have reported incidents of seafood poisoning by biotoxins, posing a threat to human health. Thus, most countries have legislated to specify the permissible levels of these biotoxins in seafood. Therefore, it is necessary for seafood producers and suppliers to conduct necessary testing of toxins in seafood before and after harvesting to prohibit excessive toxins containing seafood from entering the market, which therefore can reduce the occurrence of seafood poisoning incidents. In recent years, some technologies which can quickly, conveniently, and sensitively detect biological toxins in seafood, have been developed and validated, these technologies have the potential to help seafood producers, suppliers and regulatory authorities. This article reviews the seafood toxins sources and types, mechanism of action and bioaccumulation of marine toxins, as well as legislation and rapid detection technologies for biotoxins in seafood for official and fishermen supervision. | [] | Law | According to the text of the abstract of the paper in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, determine which discipline this text belongs to, and select a discipline from ['Archaeology', 'Economics', 'Communication', 'Demography', 'Education', 'Geography', 'Law', 'Art', 'History', 'Philosophy'] for output, only the name of the category needs to be output, don't output any other content. |
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Abstract: A pseudo-3D electrical resistivity tomography (ERT) survey has been carried out to detect cavities at the Neolithic/Palaeolithic site of Grotta Scaloria, close to Manfredonia, Apulia, Italy. Scaloria Cave has a rich history of archaeological research of more than 80 years and is one of the most important Neolithic complexes in the Mediterranean. Synthetic data modelling allowed to check the adequacy of the geophysical method and to develop a proper experimental setup at the survey design stage. Indeed, the results of the field data inversion revealed high resistivity anomalies which can be related to cavities and provided a good definition of the main geological structures and boundaries. Moreover, the results suggest that unknown and speleological unexplored cavities are still present at the Scaloria Cave study site. These findings may provide further insights on pseudo-3D ERT applicability, particularly for cavity detection. Furthermore, the approach used in this study yields fruitful information for further archaeological survey design and for the interpretation of ERT investigations targeting similar geological features and structures. | [] | Archaeology | According to the text of the abstract of the paper in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, determine which discipline this text belongs to, and select a discipline from ['Archaeology', 'Economics', 'Communication', 'Demography', 'Education', 'Geography', 'Law', 'Art', 'History', 'Philosophy'] for output, only the name of the category needs to be output, don't output any other content. |
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Abstract: Abstract: Kong-Zi Jia Yu is a book that recorded many Confucius and his disciples’ conversations and thoughts, making it an indispensable source to explore traditional Chinese culture and ideas. In particular, the governance ideas presented in the book are still highly relevant today. People-oriented thoughts were the core of governance wisdom, paradigmatic kingcraft and virtuous courtiers were a sensible part of governance, and the penological ideas further ensured the robust operations of it. In the new era, new ideas like “putting the people as the top priority”, Xi Jinping’s thoughts on building cadre teams and governing China by the rule of law have successively proposed as creative converts and innovative development of Chinese culture that has been carried forward over thousands of years. Inheriting and promoting these cultural “genes”, refining their ideological essence, are of great reference value for cultivating the current political landscape, enriching the connotation of the construction of the cadre team in the new era, adhering to the rule of law and providing ideas for the formulation of current rural governance policies. | [] | Philosophy | According to the text of the abstract of the paper in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, determine which discipline this text belongs to, and select a discipline from ['Archaeology', 'Economics', 'Communication', 'Demography', 'Education', 'Geography', 'Law', 'Art', 'History', 'Philosophy'] for output, only the name of the category needs to be output, don't output any other content. |
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Abstract: Although scholars have examined the born globals (BGs) literature, extant reviews have not yet provided a dynamic approach to trace the development of literature. In response, the study aims to define the development of BGs literature by a dynamic perspective. The study focused on the network analysis of 609 out of 1034 documents published in the period from 2002 to 2020 about BGs collected from the Web of Science (TM) (WoS) Core Collection (CC), owing to carrying out that some documents were irrelevant or did not contain the keywords while the manual reading of abstracts. We applied the DPRel method which uses meta-path-based semi-metric measures to examine the longitudinal relatedness between the concepts in the networks, following the relevance path of Keywords (K)-Documents (D)-Keywords (K). According to the findings, 13 concepts in 5 different periods constitute the backbone of the literature at the macro-level. There are 58 concepts feeding the mainstream at the meso-level. At the micro-level, 26 concepts enrich the literature by supporting the backbone. | [] | Economics | According to the text of the abstract of the paper in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, determine which discipline this text belongs to, and select a discipline from ['Archaeology', 'Economics', 'Communication', 'Demography', 'Education', 'Geography', 'Law', 'Art', 'History', 'Philosophy'] for output, only the name of the category needs to be output, don't output any other content. |
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Abstract: This article explores four-century-old all-male kabuki theatre of Japan as the site of logics, mechanisms, and operations of onnagata's gender performance. The term onnagata signifies actors performing women's roles in kabuki, and since the first two and a half centuries of kabuki history overlapped with the time when women were legally expelled from performance activities, male onnagata mostly developed and established the artistry and traditions of onnagata acting. Women resumed kabuki performance when it was still illegal, but that did not cancel this fact. The present article studies kabuki in this historical context in order to investigate how dynamically genders are taking shape on the kabuki stage and off. To that end, this paper uses cultivation (a training methodology called shugyo) as a key point of investigation, while paying special attention to female onnagata as a main subject of examination. Cultivation is the training methodology of weight that has long been used and systematized in many circles engaged in activities established in premodern times, such as Buddhism, martial arts, and performing arts, and constitutes a blanket regime for these wide-ranging areas. Cultivation is to obtain and internalize second nature to the extent that it could function as if it were natural, the process of which takes place through two stages: (1) repetitive, long-lasting, personal, and somatic training in, e.g., posture, movements, and the like, and (2) internalization of said technique as second nature. That this cultivation process is congruous with the concept of performativity in contemporary critical theory suggests that an analysis of how female kabuki actors go through cultivation in order to internalize kabuki body grammar, including gender related code can contribute not only to kabuki studies but also to gender studies. | [] | Archaeology | According to the text of the abstract of the paper in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, determine which discipline this text belongs to, and select a discipline from ['Archaeology', 'Economics', 'Communication', 'Demography', 'Education', 'Geography', 'Law', 'Art', 'History', 'Philosophy'] for output, only the name of the category needs to be output, don't output any other content. |
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Abstract: In March 1674, Hungary's Lutheran and Calvinist clergy stood collectively accused of fomenting rebellion against the Habsburgs and seeking protection from the Ottomans. A widely publicized tribunal in Pozsony (Bratislava, Pressburg) resulted in systematic expulsions, incarcerations, and the sale of forty-two pastors as galley slaves. A voluminous body of historiography has been dedicated to the victims of the tribunal and their tribulations. It is commonly assumed that the accusations against the Protestant clergy were fabricated. This article shifts the focus from martyrologies, sermons, and narratives written after the year 1674 to eyewitness accounts in inquisitorial records, letters, petitions, official reports, and military dispatches from the years leading up to the Pozsony Tribunal. These unstudied testimonies in the Hungarian and Austrian archives reveal that a significant number of pastors participated in popular resistance and revolt against a brutal Habsburg Counter Reformation. Many put their hopes in the Ottomans whom they considered protectors against the destruction of their religion. These little-known developments shed light on important larger historical realities that have been eclipsed by Habsburg and Central European historians, namely, Hungarian popular hopes for liberation from the Habsburgs by the Ottomans which culminated in two major revolts in 1670 and 1672. | [] | History | According to the text of the abstract of the paper in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, determine which discipline this text belongs to, and select a discipline from ['Archaeology', 'Economics', 'Communication', 'Demography', 'Education', 'Geography', 'Law', 'Art', 'History', 'Philosophy'] for output, only the name of the category needs to be output, don't output any other content. |
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Abstract: Red-green colour blindness is a classic example for the teaching of X-linked recessive inheritance in genetics course. However, there are lots of types of color vision deficiencies besides red-green colour blindness. Different color vision deficiencies caused by different genes may have different modes of inheritance. In recent years, many research achievements on colour blindness have been made. These achievements could be used as teaching resources in genetics course. Here, we summarize the construction of genetics teaching resources related to colour blindness and their application in genetics teaching in several chapters such as introduction, cellular and molecular basis of genetics, sex-linked inheritance, chromosomal aberration, gene mutation and advances in genetics. Teacher could use the resources in class or after class with different teaching methods such as questioning teaching method and task method. It may expand students' academic horizons and inspire students' interest in genetics besides grasping basic genetic knowledge.在遗传学课程教学中，红绿色盲是X连锁隐性遗传的典型案例。然而红绿色盲只是比较常见的色觉障碍，还有其他临床分型。不同的色盲遗传方式可能不同，致病基因也不同。近年来，关于色盲的致病基因、分子机制、基因治疗等方面取得了很大进展，相关研究成果可以作为很好的素材在遗传学教学中进行使用。本文阐述了基于色盲的遗传学教学素材的挖掘及其在本校遗传学课程中绪论遗传的细胞和分子基础伴性遗传染色体畸变基因突变遗传学进展等章节教学中的应用。通过课堂教授与问答，辅以课后文献检索与阅读，使学生在更好掌握遗传学基本内容的基础上，能拓宽遗传学学术视野，激发学习兴趣。. | [] | Education | According to the text of the abstract of the paper in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, determine which discipline this text belongs to, and select a discipline from ['Archaeology', 'Economics', 'Communication', 'Demography', 'Education', 'Geography', 'Law', 'Art', 'History', 'Philosophy'] for output, only the name of the category needs to be output, don't output any other content. |
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Abstract: Long-term fixed passive acoustic monitoring of cetacean populations is a logistical and technological challenge, often limited by the battery capacity of the autonomous recorders. Depending on the research scope and target species, temporal subsampling of the data may become necessary to extend the deployment period. This study explores the effects of different duty cycles on metrics that describe patterns of seasonal presence, call type richness richness, and daily call rate of three blue whale acoustics populations in the Southern Indian Ocean. Detections of blue whale calls from continuous acoustic data were subsampled with three different duty cycles of 50%, 33%, and 25% within listening periods ranging from 1 min to 6 h. Results show that reducing the percentage of recording time reduces the accuracy of the observed seasonal patterns as well as the estimation of daily call rate and call call type richness. For a specific duty cycle, short listening periods (5-30 min) are preferred to longer listening periods (1-6 h). The effects of subsampling are greater the lower the species' vocal activity or the shorter their periods of presence. These results emphasize the importance of selecting a subsampling scheme adapted to the target species. (c) 2024 Acoustical Society of America. | [] | Geography | According to the text of the abstract of the paper in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, determine which discipline this text belongs to, and select a discipline from ['Archaeology', 'Economics', 'Communication', 'Demography', 'Education', 'Geography', 'Law', 'Art', 'History', 'Philosophy'] for output, only the name of the category needs to be output, don't output any other content. |
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Abstract: The European Union is pushing towards the adoption of energy production systems from Renewable Energy Sources, in both new and existing buildings. However, integrating photovoltaic (PV) applications into historical heritage context remain challenging due to a number of different barriers, primarily related to social acceptability. This research aims to define a collaborative and interoperable workflow that utilizes Heritage Building Information Modelling (HBIM) tools to facilitate the integration of advanced and cus-tomized PV technologies and components in historical buildings refurbishment operations. The workflow combines architectural refurbishment practices with parametric rendering and a best-choice protocol to establish an efficient stakeholder value-chain for a collaborative approach. The methodology includes the following four steps: (i) historical research and on-site survey; (ii) HBIM model construction; (iii) selec-tion of PV interventions and technologies; (iv) modelling of the selected PV components and integration in the HBIM model. The study also demonstrates the output of applying this workflow to a real histor-ical building through a case study. Heritage-compatible building integrated PV (BIPV) interventions are evaluated following a multi-level risk-benefits scheme that considers factors such as aesthetic impact, technological compatibility, theoretical energy performances, economic costs, and environmental issues. Subsequently, selected interventions and advanced customized BIPV elements are modelled in BIM en-vironment. The study highlights the positive implications of this HBIM-based workflow in various as-pects, including decision-making (e.g., promoting collaboration and interoperability), modelling (e.g., pre-emptive evaluation and reduction of impacts, PV component customization, and optimization), and data and process management (e.g., creating an all-in-one model for future assessments and operations).(c) 2023 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Masson SAS on behalf of Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR). This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ ) | [] | Art | According to the text of the abstract of the paper in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, determine which discipline this text belongs to, and select a discipline from ['Archaeology', 'Economics', 'Communication', 'Demography', 'Education', 'Geography', 'Law', 'Art', 'History', 'Philosophy'] for output, only the name of the category needs to be output, don't output any other content. |
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Abstract: Separation commonly occurs in political science, usually when a binary explanatory variable perfectly predicts a binary outcome. In these situations, methodologists often recommend penalized maximum likelihood or Bayesian estimation. But researchers might struggle to identify an appropriate penalty or prior distribution. Fortunately, I show that researchers can easily test hypotheses about the model coefficients with standard frequentist tools. While the popular Wald test produces misleading (even nonsensical) p-values under separation, I show that likelihood ratio tests and score tests behave in the usual manner. Therefore, researchers can produce meaningful p-values with standard frequentist tools under separation without the use of penalties or prior information. | [] | Law | According to the text of the abstract of the paper in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, determine which discipline this text belongs to, and select a discipline from ['Archaeology', 'Economics', 'Communication', 'Demography', 'Education', 'Geography', 'Law', 'Art', 'History', 'Philosophy'] for output, only the name of the category needs to be output, don't output any other content. |
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Abstract: This article presents an overview of Aga Khan University's (AKU) pioneering medical education initiatives over the past 40 years, exploring its impact on healthcare in the region and its commitment to advancing medical education and research in the developing world. Established in 1983 as the first private university in Pakistan, AKU has evolved into a global institution with a focus on improving healthcare standards and addressing healthcare needs in the developing world. The article also discusses the undergraduate and postgraduate medical education programs at AKU Medical College, Pakistan, highlighting their unique features and pioneering approaches to medical education. The institution's journey highlights its ability to adapt to the evolving healthcare landscape while maintaining a focus on quality and excellence, offering a model for other institutions striving to meet healthcare needs in low- and middle-income countries. | [] | Education | According to the text of the abstract of the paper in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, determine which discipline this text belongs to, and select a discipline from ['Archaeology', 'Economics', 'Communication', 'Demography', 'Education', 'Geography', 'Law', 'Art', 'History', 'Philosophy'] for output, only the name of the category needs to be output, don't output any other content. |
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Abstract: Despite significant changes in gender norms over the 20th century and a substantial increase in women's labour force participation, women continue to provide the majority of unpaid child care. This poses a barrier to further improvements in women's labour force participation, especially when child care is limited, inaccessible or unaffordable. This paper explores the impact of substantial increases in child care accessibility and affordability on women's labour market outcomes by exploiting the rollout of free, full-day programming for four-year-old children in Nova Scotia from 2017/18 to 2020/21 using a staggered difference-in-differences approach. The program led to a 21 percentage-point increase in the labour force participation of mothers with four-year-old children in Nova Scotia, via increased employment. Unsurprisingly, these impacts are significantly larger for women whose youngest child is four years old.Programmes gratuits & agrave; temps plein pour les enfants de quatre ans en Nouvelle-& Eacute;cosse et r & eacute;sultats des femmes sur le march & eacute; du travail. Malgr & eacute; des changements importants dans les normes de genre au cours du vingti & egrave;me si & egrave;cle et une augmentation substantielle de la participation des femmes au march & eacute; du travail, ces derni & egrave;res continuent d'assurer la majorit & eacute; des t & acirc;ches non r & eacute;mun & eacute;r & eacute;es pour s'occuper des enfants. Cette situation constitue un obstacle & agrave; l'am & eacute;lioration de la participation des femmes au march & eacute; du travail, en particulier lorsque les services de garde d'enfants sont limit & eacute;s, inaccessibles ou inabordables. & Agrave; l'aide de la m & eacute;thode des doubles diff & eacute;rences, cet article explore l'incidence de l'augmentation substantielle de l'accessibilit & eacute; et de l'abordabilit & eacute; des services de garde d'enfants sur les r & eacute;sultats des femmes sur le march & eacute; du travail, qui profitent du lancement d'un programme gratuit & agrave; temps plein pour les enfants de quatre ans en Nouvelle-& Eacute;cosse, de 2017-2018 & agrave; 2020-2021. Le programme a entra & icirc;n & eacute; une augmentation de 21 points de pourcentage de la participation au march & eacute; du travail des m & egrave;res ayant des enfants de quatre ans en Nouvelle-& Eacute;cosse, en raison d'une augmentation de l'emploi. Sans surprise, ces r & eacute;percussions sont nettement plus importantes pour les femmes dont le plus jeune enfant est & acirc;g & eacute; de quatre ans. | [] | Economics | According to the text of the abstract of the paper in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, determine which discipline this text belongs to, and select a discipline from ['Archaeology', 'Economics', 'Communication', 'Demography', 'Education', 'Geography', 'Law', 'Art', 'History', 'Philosophy'] for output, only the name of the category needs to be output, don't output any other content. |
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Abstract: Sports-related online abuse has evolved into an inevitable issue and even those athletes and teams honored as national icons cannot be exceptional. This study explores how exposure to abusive content on social media affects sports fans' behavior. More specifically, the researchers draw from social psychology and exam the rejection-identification model with fans' team identity and hate for rival teams as parallel competitive mediators in the context of online abuse in sports. Using a sample comprising 917 fans of the Chinese Women's National Volleyball Team (CWV), the study suggested that exposure to online abuse is linked to a decrease in fans' intention to create content and advocate for their teams on social media. However, the identification with their idol and hatred towards the opposing groups are evidenced to buffer negative behavioral impacts, revealing an effective psychological mechanism among fans. These findings shed light on the dual psycho-behavioral impacts of online abuse on sports fans and provide practical implications for addressing online incivility and mitigating its toxic effects on sports communication and management. | [] | Communication | According to the text of the abstract of the paper in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, determine which discipline this text belongs to, and select a discipline from ['Archaeology', 'Economics', 'Communication', 'Demography', 'Education', 'Geography', 'Law', 'Art', 'History', 'Philosophy'] for output, only the name of the category needs to be output, don't output any other content. |
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Abstract: Hackathons are characterized by their dynamic and collaborative nature, acting as incubators for innovation in diverse contexts. They are celebrated for nurturing creativity and tackling current challenges while offering distinctive educational opportunities. However, participants' lack of confidence and increased anxiety can diminish the utility of a hackathon's outcomes, adversely affecting both the resolution of the challenges at hand and the educational value of the experience. Drawing on 398 responses from verified hackathon participants, we examined associations among experience, intrinsic and extrinsic motivations, confidence and anxiety. The findings confirm that experience at hackathons has a beneficial effect on individuals' confidence levels and concurrently diminishes anxiety. Additionally, intrinsic motivations show negative associations with anxiety and positive associations with confidence, while extrinsic motivations have unequivocal effects. These insights deepen our comprehension of the hackathon ecosystem, underscoring the criticality of participant's well-being and motivation. The ramifications of these findings are multifaceted: they not only inform the enhancement of hackathon frameworks, emphasizing a participant-focused approach, but also facilitate the strategic incorporation of hackathons within educational and organizational contexts. | [] | Education | According to the text of the abstract of the paper in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, determine which discipline this text belongs to, and select a discipline from ['Archaeology', 'Economics', 'Communication', 'Demography', 'Education', 'Geography', 'Law', 'Art', 'History', 'Philosophy'] for output, only the name of the category needs to be output, don't output any other content. |
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Abstract: The Russian invasion of Ukraine that started on 24 February 2022 has had a dramatic impact on the energy policy of the European Union and its member states. Nonetheless, not all EU members have radically overhauled their energy sectors and policies. Looking at the period between February 2022 and December 2023, this paper argues that Slovakia's energy sector has remained unchanged in comparison to developments within the EU and beyond. Slovakia has continued to purchase natural gas from Russia, having negotiated an exemption from the EU sanctions on Russian oil, and gas consumption decreased only minimally in the winter of 2022/2023. Furthermore, it maintained at best a lukewarm position on renewable energy sources and even struggled to implement those energy efficiency measures that were included in the post-pandemic recovery plans. Slovakia also did not reconsider its coal phase-out deadline of 2023 and its (already very supportive) nuclear policy. We explain this policy persistence with the help of a revised lock-in concept which, in the case of Slovakia, is mostly connected to nuclear energy (Modified Letter Turned Commanuclear lock-in'), which locks out alternative energy sources, especially renewables. | [] | Geography | According to the text of the abstract of the paper in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, determine which discipline this text belongs to, and select a discipline from ['Archaeology', 'Economics', 'Communication', 'Demography', 'Education', 'Geography', 'Law', 'Art', 'History', 'Philosophy'] for output, only the name of the category needs to be output, don't output any other content. |
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Abstract: The archaeological site of Tingambato is one of the few evidences of the populations that settled in western Mexico during the Classic and Postclassic periods, before the development of the great Tarascan empire. Therefore, its study is fundamental to know both the characteristics of the culture that preceded the empire, as well as the phenomena that led to its formation. During the last decade, efforts have increased to reveal the history of this site. Thanks to the recent excavations, different archaeological materials belonging to the three construction phases of the place are available, which have served to define their main characteristics. In the present investigation, the magnetic characterization and dating of different archaeological materials belonging to the last occupational stage of Tingambato were carried out using archaeomagnetic methods. Some of these materials show evidence of exposure to fire after their elaboration. According to archaeological investigations, the ancient city of Tingambato was burned before being abandoned, so the ages obtained for four of the analyzed potsherds represent the first available dating for the abandonment of the site. Finally, these ages allow us to propose interpretations about the probable causes that led to its abandonment. | [] | Archaeology | According to the text of the abstract of the paper in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, determine which discipline this text belongs to, and select a discipline from ['Archaeology', 'Economics', 'Communication', 'Demography', 'Education', 'Geography', 'Law', 'Art', 'History', 'Philosophy'] for output, only the name of the category needs to be output, don't output any other content. |
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Abstract: Inborn errors of immunity have been associated with reduced health-related quality of life and increased fatigue. Sleep disorders, which have been shown to contribute to fatigue and other health concerns, are prevalent in the general population, but there are limited studies evaluating these conditions in patients with common variable immunodeficiency (CVID). Our aim was to evaluate the prevalence of fatigue, sleep disturbances, and sleep-disordered breathing in adults with CVID. Patients completed 4 validated, self-administered questionnaires and a 1-night disposable home sleep apnea test. Our results demonstrated increased median Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System fatigue scores of 58.7 in patients with CVID in addition to clinically significant fatigue as measured by Fatigue Severity Scale score (median, 5.2) and overall poor sleep quality based on global Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index score (median, 9.0). For CVID patients who completed the home sleep apnea test, 76.9% met criteria for sleep-disordered breathing with an Apnea-Hypopnea Index score of 5 or greater. The results of our study indicate that patients with CVID may have increased rates of undiagnosed sleep disorders that may contribute to increased fatigue and reduced health-related quality of life. | [] | Demography | According to the text of the abstract of the paper in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, determine which discipline this text belongs to, and select a discipline from ['Archaeology', 'Economics', 'Communication', 'Demography', 'Education', 'Geography', 'Law', 'Art', 'History', 'Philosophy'] for output, only the name of the category needs to be output, don't output any other content. |
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Abstract: Premise of research. In our modern flora, the Cycadales represent one of the oldest-known gymnosperm clades, with their evolutionary roots tracing back to the late Paleozoic. Their radiation and wide distribution in the Mesozoic are well documented by numerous fossils. In contrast, the fossil record of late Paleozoic forms is restricted to a few specimens, thus leaving open questions on the origin and early evolution of cycads. A petrified stem with cycadalean affinity has been found in Saxony (central-eastern Germany) in Holocene gravel deposits of the Zwickauer Mulde river as a result of fluvial transportation from its original lower Permian locality.Methodology. The specimen was sectioned transversely, radially, and tangentially. Its provenance was clarified by comparing fossil woods of various localities in the upstream catchment area. Samples of these localities were exposed to ultraviolet light of different wavelengths, revealing distinctive fluorescence patterns related to specific geochemical conditions during the fossilization process. Plant anatomical studies were performed by macroscopic and microscopic documentation, including photo scanning, microscopic photography, and anatomical measurements.Pivotal results. Cycadodendron galtieri gen. nov. et sp. nov. originates from the Chemnitz Fossil Lagerstatte, an autochthonous floral assemblage of early Permian age (291 Ma; Sakmarian-Artinskian) that has been buried and conserved by pyroclastics in a geological instant. Several anatomical characteristics provide evidence for its cycadalean affinity: (1) a wide pith with numerous scattered medullary bundles, (2) a pith-peripheral vascular system with endarch primary xylem bundles, (3) at least nine successive vascular segments with secondary xylem and phloem, (4) araucarioid-type pitting of secondary xylem tracheids, and (5) primary rays and medullary bundles traversing the vascular segments.Conclusions. Cycadodendron galtieri gen. nov. et sp. nov. provides insights into stem anatomical characteristics of the oldest-known cycads, for example, revealing that polyxyly was an early-derived feature in cycad evolution. Its provenance reveals that the arborescent but generally small taxon was part of intramontane forested landscapes thriving on a well-drained mineral substrate in an alluvial plain setting and experiencing seasonally dry paleoclimate. | [] | Archaeology | According to the text of the abstract of the paper in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, determine which discipline this text belongs to, and select a discipline from ['Archaeology', 'Economics', 'Communication', 'Demography', 'Education', 'Geography', 'Law', 'Art', 'History', 'Philosophy'] for output, only the name of the category needs to be output, don't output any other content. |
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Abstract: PurposeTo investigate the influence of logistics and transportation workers' perceptions of their management's simultaneous safety and operations focus (or lack thereof) on related worker safety and operational perceptions and behaviors.Design/methodology/approachThis multi-method research consisted of two studies. Study 1 aimed to establish correlational relationships by evaluating the impact of individual-level worker perceptions of operationally focused routines (as a moderator) on the relationship between worker perceptions of safety-related routines and workers' self-reported safety and in-role operational behaviors using a survey. Study 2 aimed to establish causal relationships by evaluating the same conceptual relationships in a behavioral-type experiment utilizing vehicle simulators. After receiving one of four pre-task briefings, participants completed a driving task scenario in a driving simulator.FindingsIn Study 1, the relationship between perceived safety focus and safety behavior/in-role operational behavior was strengthened at higher levels of perceived operations focus. In Study 2, participants who received the balanced pre-task briefing committed significantly fewer safety violations than the other 3 treatment groups. However, in-role driving deviations were not impacted as hypothesized.Originality/valueThis research is conducted at the individual (worker) level of analysis to capture the little-known perspectives of logistics and transportation workers and explore the influence of balanced safety and operational routines from a more micro perspective, thus contributing to a deeper understanding of how balanced routines might influence worker behavior when conducting dynamic tasks to ensure safe, effective outcomes. | [] | Economics | According to the text of the abstract of the paper in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, determine which discipline this text belongs to, and select a discipline from ['Archaeology', 'Economics', 'Communication', 'Demography', 'Education', 'Geography', 'Law', 'Art', 'History', 'Philosophy'] for output, only the name of the category needs to be output, don't output any other content. |
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Abstract: Background Rehabilitation is considered paramount for enhancing quality of life and reducing healthcare costs. As a result of healthcare reforms, Norwegian municipalities have been given greater responsibility for allocating rehabilitation services following discharge from hospital. Individual decision letters serve as the basis for implementing services and they have been described as information labels on the services provided by the municipality. They play an important role in planning and implementing the services in collaboration with the individual applicants. Research indicates that the implementation of policies may lead to unintended consequences, as individuals receiving municipal services perceive them as fragmented. This perception is characterised by limited user involvement and a high focus on body functions. The aim of this study was to examine how municipal decision letters about service allocation incorporate the recommendations made in the official national guideline and reflect a holistic approach to rehabilitation, coordination and user involvement for individuals with comprehensive needs.Methods The decision letters of ten individuals with moderate to severe brain injury allocating rehabilitation services in two municipalities were examined. It was assessed whether the content was in accordance with the authorities' recommendations, and a discourse analysis was conducted using four tools adapted from an established integrated approach.Results The letters primarily contained standard texts concerning legal and administrative regulations. They were predominantly in line with the official guideline to municipal service allocation. From a rehabilitation perspective, the focus was mainly on medically oriented care, scarcely referring to psychosocial needs, activity, and participation. The intended user involvement seemed to vary between active and passive status, while the coordination of services was given limited attention.Conclusions The written decision letters did fulfil legal and administrative recommendations for service allocation. However, they did not fulfil their potential to serve as a means of conveying rehabilitation issues, such as specification of the allocated services, a holistic approach to health, coordination, or the involvement of users in decision processes. These elements must be incorporated throughout the allocation process if the policies are to be implemented as intended. Findings can have international relevance for discussions between clinicians and policy makers. | [] | Communication | According to the text of the abstract of the paper in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, determine which discipline this text belongs to, and select a discipline from ['Archaeology', 'Economics', 'Communication', 'Demography', 'Education', 'Geography', 'Law', 'Art', 'History', 'Philosophy'] for output, only the name of the category needs to be output, don't output any other content. |
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Abstract: Purpose Microbial keratitis is a sight-threatening condition with a higher incidence in agrarian populations. In countries with a high indigent population, due to financial and other constraints, patients prefer to seek therapy locally rather than travel to advanced centres. The aim of this study is to describe the epidemiology, clinical characteristics, and outcomes of 60 consecutive patients with microbial keratitis managed at a rural centre. Methods Descriptive case series. All patients clinically diagnosed with infectious keratitis were included. Corneal scrapings were obtained and microbiological identification was done by Gram stain. Anti-microbial therapy was commenced based on smear findings and the patients were followed up till disease resolution. Results Sixty eyes of 60 patients were diagnosed with microbial keratitis in the study period. The mean age was 47.43 +/- 18.69 years. Male:female ratio was 47:53. Risk factors included ocular trauma in the majority of patients (46/60; 76.7%). Microorganisms were identified on 75.6% of smears, with fungal filaments (65.4%) being the most common. Ulcers were central in over half (32/60; 53.3%), and > 3 mm in diameter in over three-fourths (81.6%) of patients. Forty-four patients (73.3%) achieved treatment success whereas 16/60 (26.6%) required referral to our tertiary-eye care facility for management. The median time to resolution was 14 days (IQR 10-26 days). Conclusion Our series demonstrates the feasibility of microbiology-guided therapy in microbial keratitis by ophthalmologists at the secondary rural eye-care level. Two-thirds of the patients could be successfully managed at the rural centre and only severe cases needed a referral to tertiary centres. | [] | Demography | According to the text of the abstract of the paper in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, determine which discipline this text belongs to, and select a discipline from ['Archaeology', 'Economics', 'Communication', 'Demography', 'Education', 'Geography', 'Law', 'Art', 'History', 'Philosophy'] for output, only the name of the category needs to be output, don't output any other content. |
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Abstract: Neuroelectrical panpsychism (NP) offers a clear, simple, testable mind-body solution. It says that everything is at least minimally conscious, and electrical activity across separate neurons creates a unified, intelligent mind. NP draws on recent experimental evidence to address the easy problem of specifying the mind's neural correlates. These correlates are neuroelectrical activities that, for example, generate our different qualia, unite them to form perceptions and emotions, and help guide brain operations. NP also addresses the hard problem of why minds accompany these neural correlates. Here, the real nature of matter -energy (beyond how it appears to sense organs) is consciousness that occupies space, exerts forces, and unites neuroelectrically to form minds. This doesn't reduce consciousness to observable neural activities, nor posit any radically different entities. NP also deals with panpsychism's combination problem by explaining how the mind's subject and experiences arise by electrically combining simple experiences in brains. | [] | Philosophy | According to the text of the abstract of the paper in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, determine which discipline this text belongs to, and select a discipline from ['Archaeology', 'Economics', 'Communication', 'Demography', 'Education', 'Geography', 'Law', 'Art', 'History', 'Philosophy'] for output, only the name of the category needs to be output, don't output any other content. |
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Abstract: The following sections are included:Workshop DescriptionLearning ObjectivesPresenter InformationAbout the Workshop OrganizersPresentationsSpeaker Presentations. | [] | Philosophy | According to the text of the abstract of the paper in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, determine which discipline this text belongs to, and select a discipline from ['Archaeology', 'Economics', 'Communication', 'Demography', 'Education', 'Geography', 'Law', 'Art', 'History', 'Philosophy'] for output, only the name of the category needs to be output, don't output any other content. |
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Abstract: Recent years have witnessed a growing awareness of the critical role that maritime transport plays in global sustainability, given its significant environmental, economic, and social impacts. Central to this concern is the management of ballast water, which, if not properly treated, can lead to the introduction of invasive species, biodiversity loss, and substantial economic and health repercussions. Traditional risk assessment models often fail to capture the complex uncertainties inherent in environmental risks associated with ballast water. This study introduces an innovative fuzzy logic-based risk assessment model designed to enhance decision-making processes in maritime operations by accurately assessing and mitigating the environmental risks of ballast water discharge. The model, structured using three fuzzy systems, integrates human reasoning with mathematical precision, providing an effective tool for sustainable maritime practices. The integrated fuzzy system employs 18 variables as inputs and yields three outputs (ballasting, ballast exchange, and de-ballasting risk). To evaluate the performance of the developed system, various data sets are used and tested through the MATLAB Fuzzy Toolbox. By aligning maritime operations with sustainability principles, this research contributes to the preservation of marine ecosystems, supports the economic stability of marine-dependent industries, and safeguards public health, underscoring the interconnectivity of maritime transport management with overarching sustainability objectives. | [] | Geography | According to the text of the abstract of the paper in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, determine which discipline this text belongs to, and select a discipline from ['Archaeology', 'Economics', 'Communication', 'Demography', 'Education', 'Geography', 'Law', 'Art', 'History', 'Philosophy'] for output, only the name of the category needs to be output, don't output any other content. |
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Abstract: The number of people with Alzheimer's disease and related dementias (ADRD) in the United States is steadily increasing, with minoritized populations having a disproportionate burden of disease. One strategy to address the racial and ethnic disparities in aging is to diversify scholars in the field of aging, to increase dynamic solution development and create cultural congruence among researchers and participants. The National Institute on Aging has a committed effort to increase and diversify the number of scientists who conduct aging and ADRD research, placing a call for Centers to focus on this effort. In response to the National Institute on Aging call, the Carolina Center for Alzheimer's Disease and Minority Research, housed at the University of South Carolina, proposed a dual approach to addressing these gaps through a joint national conference and mentorship program for underrepresented minoritized faculty. After one year of the program, the participating scholars were surveyed, and successes and growth points of the program were identified to help guide the improvement of this dual approach to addressing gaps in scholar diversity in aging research. | [] | Education | According to the text of the abstract of the paper in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, determine which discipline this text belongs to, and select a discipline from ['Archaeology', 'Economics', 'Communication', 'Demography', 'Education', 'Geography', 'Law', 'Art', 'History', 'Philosophy'] for output, only the name of the category needs to be output, don't output any other content. |
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Abstract: Cicero's political thought is pervaded by analogies of private law that helped him to overcome philosophical difficulties. One serious difficulty was the demand of natural law that property must be owned by the one capable of managing it. This posed a problem to that most remarkable piece of property of all: the res publica. While incapable of managing it, the people was the only theoretically possible owner of the res publica. The legal concept guardianship offered a solution. In Cicero's writings the minor, guardian, and object under care demonstrably correspond to the Roman people, the magistrates, and the res publica. | [] | Philosophy | According to the text of the abstract of the paper in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, determine which discipline this text belongs to, and select a discipline from ['Archaeology', 'Economics', 'Communication', 'Demography', 'Education', 'Geography', 'Law', 'Art', 'History', 'Philosophy'] for output, only the name of the category needs to be output, don't output any other content. |
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Abstract: Background: Colorectal cancer screening rates remain suboptimal, particularly among low-income populations. Our objective was to evaluate the long-term effects of Medicaid expansion on colorectal cancer screening. Design, Setting, and Participants: This cross-sectional study analyzed data from 354,384 individuals aged 50-64 with an income below 400% of the federal poverty level (FPL), who participated in the Behavioral Risk Factors Surveillance System from 2010 to 2018. A difference-in-difference analysis was employed to estimate the effect of Medicaid expansion on colorectal cancer screening. Subgroup analyses were conducted for individuals with income up to 138% of the FPL and those with income between 139% and 400% of the FPL. The effect of Medicaid expansion on colorectal cancer screening was examined during the early, mid, and late expansion periods. Main Outcomes and Measures: The primary outcome was the likelihood of receiving colorectal cancer screening for low-income adults aged 50-64. Results: Medicaid expansion was associated with a significant 1.7 percentage point increase in colorectal cancer screening rates among adults aged 50-64 with income below 400% of the FPL (p < 0.05). A significant 2.9 percentage point increase in colorectal cancer screening was observed for those with income up to 138% the FPL (p < 0.05), while a 1.5 percentage point increase occurred for individuals with income between 139% and 400% of the FPL. The impact of Medicaid expansion on colorectal cancer screening varied based on income levels and displayed a time lag for newly eligible beneficiaries. Conclusions: Medicaid expansion was found to be associated with increased colorectal cancer screening rates among low-income individuals aged 50-64. The observed variations in impact based on income levels and the time lag for newly eligible beneficiaries receiving colorectal cancer screening highlight the need for further research and precision public health strategies to maximize the benefits of Medicaid expansion on colorectal cancer screening rates. | [] | Law | According to the text of the abstract of the paper in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, determine which discipline this text belongs to, and select a discipline from ['Archaeology', 'Economics', 'Communication', 'Demography', 'Education', 'Geography', 'Law', 'Art', 'History', 'Philosophy'] for output, only the name of the category needs to be output, don't output any other content. |
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Abstract: The use of seaweed as fuel has been mentioned in ethnographic and historical sources of different coastal regions. Nevertheless, the archaeological record of seaweed burning is still limited to contexts where preservation is exceptional and macroscopic discrimination of charred remains is possible. Here, we evaluate the effectiveness of Raman spectroscopy in discriminating seaweed vs. plant/wood char. Our dataset (N = 92) consists of modern and archaeological seaweed and plant/wood charred remains, including specimens of unknown origin from the Atacama Desert coast, Northern Chile. The charred samples were processed to obtain 13 parameters which were then fed into five supervised machine learning models. The models, built on samples of known origin (seaweed and plant/wood), performed remarkably well in terms of accuracy, kappa, sensitivity, and specificity. The models were used for final predictions on 10 non-identified archaeological charcoals. Our results suggest that Raman spectroscopy combined with machine learning techniques is a robust methodology for discriminating seaweed and plant/wood charred remains in the archaeological record. The predictions on unknown samples confirm that seaweed was used as fuel in a specific funerary ritual in the southern Atacama Desert coast around 5000 cal BP. Furthermore, charred specimens of Lessonia spp. recovered from combustion features in other northern Chile coastal settlements, suggest that seaweed pyrotechnology developed by Atacama Desert coast people is likely a long-term process. As for coastal archaeology, this work encourages new research on seaweed as an alternative/main fuel in coastal deserts and evaluates possible bias for chronologies from coastal archaeological settlements around the globe. | [] | Archaeology | According to the text of the abstract of the paper in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, determine which discipline this text belongs to, and select a discipline from ['Archaeology', 'Economics', 'Communication', 'Demography', 'Education', 'Geography', 'Law', 'Art', 'History', 'Philosophy'] for output, only the name of the category needs to be output, don't output any other content. |
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Abstract: In their contribution, Tsebelis and Nardi (2016a) examine the impact of constitutional design on economic performance. The authors find evidence of a significant negative relationship between constitutional length and economic performance. As we will show here, the results of Tsebelis and Nardi (2016a) are not robust. Several minor adjustments to the models, each on its own, reduce or eliminate the presumed relevance of constitutional length. Moreover, conceptual considerations raise doubts whether the focus on constitutional length is a promising path to follow. | [] | Law | According to the text of the abstract of the paper in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, determine which discipline this text belongs to, and select a discipline from ['Archaeology', 'Economics', 'Communication', 'Demography', 'Education', 'Geography', 'Law', 'Art', 'History', 'Philosophy'] for output, only the name of the category needs to be output, don't output any other content. |
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Abstract: The author in this paper explores the connections between art and sciencing in the humanbecoming paradigm. Relevant examples of artforms used by Parse scholars are illustrated. A brief discussion on art sciencing is illuminated. Finally, an example of feeling overwhelmed through the lens of the performing arts is shared. | [] | Philosophy | According to the text of the abstract of the paper in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, determine which discipline this text belongs to, and select a discipline from ['Archaeology', 'Economics', 'Communication', 'Demography', 'Education', 'Geography', 'Law', 'Art', 'History', 'Philosophy'] for output, only the name of the category needs to be output, don't output any other content. |
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Abstract: This article investigates the solidarity campaigns supporting refugees from the Greek Civil War (1946-1949) in post-war Czechoslovakia and the emerging German Democratic Republic. Framed as an important bridge between the interwar and later Cold War forms of socialist internationalism, this case sheds light on its transitory character, revealing the narrative shift from anti-fascist to anti-imperialist contexts and the increasingly institutionalized and ritualized solidarity. Thus, not only was practising solidarity already an integral part of post-war socialist regimes, but it also served a variety of functions, contributing to the legitimization and identity of the Eastern bloc. Based on archival documents and press, the article uncovers the deployment of analogical institutional structures employed by both states, thus opening up the sphere of interaction with their citizens, mobilized to become involved in various ways. The two countries, however, departed from different positions, dealing with opposing legacies of the wartime experience, which influenced the motivations employed in their campaigns. Entangled in discourses of guilt, heroism, and victimhood, yet aligned under the proclaimed values of socialist brotherhood and anti-fascism, building internationalist solidarity in both countries worked alongside and even boosted attempts to overcome the obstacle of the Nazi past, both internally and in their mutual relationship. This article thus contributes to a better understanding of how internationalist solidarity functioned as a platform to build bridges - not only towards the South, but also within the Eastern bloc. | [] | History | According to the text of the abstract of the paper in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, determine which discipline this text belongs to, and select a discipline from ['Archaeology', 'Economics', 'Communication', 'Demography', 'Education', 'Geography', 'Law', 'Art', 'History', 'Philosophy'] for output, only the name of the category needs to be output, don't output any other content. |
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Abstract: This article examines trigger warnings, particularly the call for trigger warnings on university campuses, and from a Levinasian and Kantian ethical perspective, and addresses the question: When, if ever, are trigger warnings helpful to student's learning? The nursing curriculum is developed with key stakeholders and regulatory bodies to ensure graduate nurses are competent to deliver a high standard of care to patients and clients. Practical teaching practice and published research has uncovered an increasing use of 'Trigger Warnings' before a topic is discussed, or used as warnings on core module texts. It is appreciated that some students have personal experience of psychological or physical trauma. However, apart from identifying these students through Mitigating Circumstances committees, or when the student feels confident to share this information with a personal tutor, this information remains strictly confidential. There is the potential for covert skills such as critical analysis and skilful discussion not being attained by the student. With the assistance of Kants moral theory, an argument will develop that the insidious use of Trigger warnings and the embargo of recommended reading, requires critical discussion with the public. This would involve the rationale and pedagogical justification for the use of texts, and the necessity within nursing education to address challenging clinical topics. To support students with PTSD this may involve the research discussed on personal educational needs analysis. | [] | Philosophy | According to the text of the abstract of the paper in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, determine which discipline this text belongs to, and select a discipline from ['Archaeology', 'Economics', 'Communication', 'Demography', 'Education', 'Geography', 'Law', 'Art', 'History', 'Philosophy'] for output, only the name of the category needs to be output, don't output any other content. |
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Abstract: This article discusses barriers to the citizen practices of Russian lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender activists in the memory politics of Russian sexual citizenship. Based on memories of activism, as told in interviews with Russian lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender activists, we focus on how these memories play a role in their national and transnational struggles for sexual rights and recognition, and how intersectional inequalities may create barriers to their queer and memory space-making practices. The interviews were conducted in 2021 (before the war between Russia and Ukraine, which started in 2022) and focus on the period between 2010 and 2020. Our findings highlight how intersectional inequalities of power influence Russian sexual citizenship and queer (memory) space-making, both at home and abroad. Theoretically, the results reveal the need to situate Russian lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender activism in time, place and space in research on narratives of progress and social change in studies of queer global politics and transnational solidarities. | [] | History | According to the text of the abstract of the paper in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, determine which discipline this text belongs to, and select a discipline from ['Archaeology', 'Economics', 'Communication', 'Demography', 'Education', 'Geography', 'Law', 'Art', 'History', 'Philosophy'] for output, only the name of the category needs to be output, don't output any other content. |
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Abstract: Digital technologies are pervasive in every aspect of our daily lives. The proliferation of such technologies has also influenced the conduct of biomedical, behavioral, and social research. The articles in this special issue provide illustrative examples of the range of applications of digital technologies in psychological science research across a variety of populations. They highlight ethical, legal, and social issues that emerge when digital technologies are employed in psychological science research in the current era of rapid technological change, increasing prevalence of interdisciplinary team science, evolving understandings of ethical precepts and social norms, and promoting open science. This introduction to the special issue provides an overview of challenges to the Belmont principles of respect for persons, beneficence, and justice revealed in the 10 articles. The conclusions reached are that these ethical principles do not always adapt well to the digital environment and that practices cannot always be uniquely classified under one of these three headings. We recommend that conceptual work and practical guidance be undertaken to expand the interpretation of these principles in the light of evolving societal norms and emerging ethical issues. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved). | [] | Philosophy | According to the text of the abstract of the paper in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, determine which discipline this text belongs to, and select a discipline from ['Archaeology', 'Economics', 'Communication', 'Demography', 'Education', 'Geography', 'Law', 'Art', 'History', 'Philosophy'] for output, only the name of the category needs to be output, don't output any other content. |
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Abstract: PurposeStudent study behaviours that prioritise the UKMLA content map over the local curriculum are a significant risk for UK medical education. To mitigate this, we describe a student-centred faculty process to improve local curriculum guidance based on an evaluation of student study behaviours, concerns and needs. Responses informed the build of an online curriculum map.MethodsA mixed methods approach was adopted, including an online anonymous survey exploring student study behaviours and preferences for curricular guidance. This was followed by student-led focus groups to explore emergent themes further. Qualitative data underwent reflexive thematic analysis.Results121 students responded to the survey, of which 12 consented to participate in two student-led focus groups. Five key themes emerged, including motivation for learning, student use of the intended curriculum, student experience of the enacted curriculum, the hidden curriculum, and expectations of an online curriculum map.ConclusionsA participatory framework enabled shared aims and responsive outcomes for curricular development in the run up to the UKMLA. Student responses led to clarification of guidance, reorganisation of learning resources and optimal design of an online curriculum map which linked all content in a visible, UKMLA aligned framework, accessible to all students and teachers. | [] | Education | According to the text of the abstract of the paper in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, determine which discipline this text belongs to, and select a discipline from ['Archaeology', 'Economics', 'Communication', 'Demography', 'Education', 'Geography', 'Law', 'Art', 'History', 'Philosophy'] for output, only the name of the category needs to be output, don't output any other content. |
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Abstract: Schizophrenia ranks as the third-most common cause of disability among mental disorders globally. This study presents findings on the prevalence, incidence and years lived with disability (YLDs) as a result of schizophrenia in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA), stratified by age, sex and sociodemographic index (SDI). We collected publicly accessible data from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) study 2019. This study reports the burden of schizophrenia, from 1990 to 2019, for the 21 countries that comprise MENA. In 2019, MENA exhibited an age-standardised point prevalence of 248.2, an incidence rate of 14.7 and an YLD rate of 158.7 per 100,000, which have not changed substantially between 1990 and 2019. In 2019, the age-standardised YLD rate was highest in Qatar and lowest in Afghanistan. No MENA countries demonstrated noteworthy changes in the burden of schizophrenia from 1990 to 2019. Furthermore, in 2019, the highest number of prevalent cases and the point prevalence were observed among those aged 35-39, with a higher prevalence among males in almost all age categories. Additionally, in 2019, the age-standardised YLD rates in MENA were below the worldwide average. Finally, there was a positive correlation between the burden of schizophrenia and the SDI from 1990 to 2019. The disease burden of schizophrenia has remained relatively stable over the past thirty years. Nevertheless, as the regional life-expectancy continues to increase, the burden of schizophrenia is also expected to rise. Therefore, early planning for the increase in the burden of the disease is urgently needed in the region. | [] | Demography | According to the text of the abstract of the paper in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, determine which discipline this text belongs to, and select a discipline from ['Archaeology', 'Economics', 'Communication', 'Demography', 'Education', 'Geography', 'Law', 'Art', 'History', 'Philosophy'] for output, only the name of the category needs to be output, don't output any other content. |
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Abstract: With the rapid development of digital inclusive finance, whether it can lower the income inequality between urban and rural areas has been the focus of policy makers and researchers. Based on China's 2011-2018 provincial panel data, this paper employs spatial econometric models and mediating-effect models to examine the impact of digital inclusive finance on the urban-rural income gap and its mechanism. The main findings are as follows: First, globally, the urban-rural income gap and digital inclusive finance each exhibit significant positive spatial correlation; locally, the income gap primarily exhibits spatial dependence in Central and Western China. Meanwhile, digital inclusive finance transitions from varied agglomeration patterns to exclusively H-H patterns in Eastern China. Second, digital inclusive finance notably reduces the urban-rural income gap, primarily attributed to its expanded breadth of coverage and digitization. Third, mechanism analysis indicates that digital inclusive finance can narrow the urban-rural income gap by increasing labor employment, resulting in higher farmer incomes, rather than through individual entrepreneurship and human capital investment. The findings of this study are crucial for improving digital inclusive financial development and adjusting urban-rural income distribution. | [] | Geography | According to the text of the abstract of the paper in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, determine which discipline this text belongs to, and select a discipline from ['Archaeology', 'Economics', 'Communication', 'Demography', 'Education', 'Geography', 'Law', 'Art', 'History', 'Philosophy'] for output, only the name of the category needs to be output, don't output any other content. |
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Abstract: The BBNJ Agreement will affect legal frameworks for the conservation of marine biological diversity in various regions of the world ocean and the marine Arctic is no exception. As biological diversity in the marine Arctic is particularly vulnerable, the implications of the BBNJ Agreement for the conservation of biological diversity in the marine Arctic deserves serious consideration. Of particular note is the procedure for an environmental impact assessment (EIA). Given that damage to the environment may be irreversible, it is a prerequisite to conduct an EIA before authorizing planned activities, with a view to preventing environmental harm. An EIA constitutes a crucial element in the conservation of the marine environment, including biological diversity. Hence, this article examines the potential implications of the procedure for an EIA as set out under the BBNJ Agreement for the conservation of biological diversity in the marine Arctic beyond national jurisdiction. | [] | Law | According to the text of the abstract of the paper in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, determine which discipline this text belongs to, and select a discipline from ['Archaeology', 'Economics', 'Communication', 'Demography', 'Education', 'Geography', 'Law', 'Art', 'History', 'Philosophy'] for output, only the name of the category needs to be output, don't output any other content. |
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Abstract: This study delves into the complex interplay between gross domestic product (GDP) and key macroeconomic indicators in the contexts of Turkey and Bangladesh. By examining panel data spanning from 1981 to 2020 sourced from the World Bank, we investigate the causal relationships between GDP growth and various factors including population growth, inflation, literacy rate, natural resource utilization, investment, and foreign direct investment (FDI). Our research aims to address critical questions regarding the economic trajectories of these two emerging economies. Specifically, we seek to understand how different macroeconomic variables influence GDP growth in Bangladesh and Turkey, while also exploring the unique socio-economic landscapes of these nations. Methodologically, we employ the Dumitrescu-Hurlin panel causality test to analyze the causal relationships between GDP growth and the aforementioned macroeconomic indicators. Our findings reveal direct, statistically significant associations between GDP growth and these variables, with population growth emerging as a particularly influential factor. The implications of our study extend beyond empirical observations, offering valuable insights for policymakers and stakeholders seeking to foster sustainable economic development in both Bangladesh and Turkey. By identifying the key drivers of GDP growth and their impact on economic performance, our research contributes to the existing body of literature on economic development in emerging economies. In conclusion, this study sheds light on the intricate dynamics of GDP growth in Turkey and Bangladesh, highlighting the importance of understanding and leveraging macroeconomic indicators to promote inclusive and sustainable economic growth in these nations. | [] | Economics | According to the text of the abstract of the paper in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, determine which discipline this text belongs to, and select a discipline from ['Archaeology', 'Economics', 'Communication', 'Demography', 'Education', 'Geography', 'Law', 'Art', 'History', 'Philosophy'] for output, only the name of the category needs to be output, don't output any other content. |
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Abstract: Technology has become an integral part of our daily lives, permeating every aspect. One area where technology has shown potential to enhance English as a Foreign Language (EFL) learning is through the use of animated movies. Despite the growing significance of technology in education, research is scarce in this specific area. Therefore, the aim of this study, conducted in 2023, was to investigate the impact of animated movies on the development of speaking abilities among motivated EFL learners. A total of 370 elementary students studying EFL in various institutions participated by responding to questionnaires. A multiple-stage cluster sampling approach was employed to select the participants. The students were divided into two groups: the experimental group (EG) and the control group (CG). The selection of 15 animated films from a pool of 50 was performed using the Lawsh CVR (content validity ratio) and CVI (content validity index) algorithms, following validation by professionals. The study was designed as an experiment, and descriptive statistics and the ANCOVA test were employed to analyse the quantitative data. The findings revealed a significant difference between the pre-test and post-test results of the EG in English-speaking skills, vocabulary learning, English pronunciation skills, understanding and recognition. According to the study, animated movies have the potential to aid teachers and EFL students in enhancing their speaking skills. This research sheds light on the benefits of incorporating animated movies into language learning environments, offering valuable insights for both educators and learners alike. | [] | Education | According to the text of the abstract of the paper in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, determine which discipline this text belongs to, and select a discipline from ['Archaeology', 'Economics', 'Communication', 'Demography', 'Education', 'Geography', 'Law', 'Art', 'History', 'Philosophy'] for output, only the name of the category needs to be output, don't output any other content. |
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Abstract: In June 1887, Britons crowded the streets of London to celebrate Queen Victoria's fiftieth year on the throne. It was an opportunity to publicly revel in the social, political, economic, and imperial progress Britain had made during her historic reign. The Lord Chamberlain was tasked with organizing a formal jubilee ceremony at Westminster Abbey representative of the queen's diverse subjects. But this proved a difficult undertaking for a multinational kingdom with a vast overseas empire. Grievances over seating in Westminster Abbey, jubilee honors, and an absent royal family fostered varying degrees of solidarity and rivalry among the United Kingdom's four constituent nations. The Irish Question and imperial expansion-matters in which Victoria was personally invested-heightened four-nations sensibilities and influenced participation in the festivities. The queen's Golden Jubilee both reflected and inspired four-nations thinking, and it revealed public concerns that the British union might exist as a hierarchy of nations rather than as a collaborative venture among equal members. As the institutional embodiment of tiered society, the Crown became an outlet for subjects to explore questions and modes of belonging within the global British world. A four-nations analysis of Victoria's 1887 jubilee shows that despite its unifying function, the modern British monarchy has struggled to harmonize the United Kingdom's multinational perspectives. | [] | History | According to the text of the abstract of the paper in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, determine which discipline this text belongs to, and select a discipline from ['Archaeology', 'Economics', 'Communication', 'Demography', 'Education', 'Geography', 'Law', 'Art', 'History', 'Philosophy'] for output, only the name of the category needs to be output, don't output any other content. |
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Abstract: Rapid environmental change, natural resource overconsumption and increasing concerns about ecological sustainability have led to the development of 'Essential Variables' (EVs). EVs are harmonized data products to inform policy and to enable effective management of natural resources by monitoring global changes. Recent years have seen the instigation of new EVs beyond those established for climate, oceans and biodiversity (ECVs, EOVs and EBVs), including Essential Geodiversity Variables (EGVs). EGVs aim to consistently quantify and monitor heterogeneity of Earth-surface and subsurface abiotic features, including geology, geomorphology, hydrology and pedology. Here we assess the status and future development of EGVs to better incorporate geodiversity into policy and sustainable management of natural resources. Getting EGVs operational requires better consensus on defining geodiversity, investments into a governance structure and open platform for curating the development of EGVs, advances in harmonizing in situ measurements and linking heterogeneous databases, and development of open and accessible computational workflows for global digital mapping using machine-learning techniques. Cross-disciplinary collaboration and partnerships with governmental and private organizations are needed to ensure the successful development and uptake of EGVs across science and policy.This article is part of the Theo Murphy meeting issue 'Geodiversity for science and society'. | [] | Law | According to the text of the abstract of the paper in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, determine which discipline this text belongs to, and select a discipline from ['Archaeology', 'Economics', 'Communication', 'Demography', 'Education', 'Geography', 'Law', 'Art', 'History', 'Philosophy'] for output, only the name of the category needs to be output, don't output any other content. |
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Abstract: Sometimes, vegetable-tanned leathers in museums, excavations, libraries, and storehouses deteriorate due to unsuitable environmental conditions that affect their properties. Accordingly, leather becomes weak. This study evaluates some mechanical, chemical, and physical characteristics of vegetable-tanned leather treated with polyamide 6 (PA6). The authors prepared new vegetable-tanned leather samples. PA6 at different concentrations was applied to the aged leather samples. The accelerated heat aging was applied on the new sample (reference before aging) and treated samples (aged untreated sample after treatment with PA6). Analytical techniques used were: test of the mechanical properties (tensile strength and elongation), attenuated total reflectance/Fourier Transform Infrared (ATR/FTIR), differential scanning calorimeter (DSC) measurement, contact angle, and pH measurement. The results proved that the accelerated heat aging affected the properties studied, as it reduced in the mechanical properties, pH value, and contact angle. Treating aged leather samples with PA6 improved all the properties studied. The mechanical properties, pH value, and contact angle of the treated and aged treated samples increased compared to the aged- untreated- sample. FTIR and DSC analysis proved the stability of the treated and aged treated samples compared to the aged untreated sample. The concentration of 2 % of PA6 gave the best concentrations used, and it is recommended to treat fragile vegetable-tanned leather. (c) 2023 Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR). Published by Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved. | [] | Art | According to the text of the abstract of the paper in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, determine which discipline this text belongs to, and select a discipline from ['Archaeology', 'Economics', 'Communication', 'Demography', 'Education', 'Geography', 'Law', 'Art', 'History', 'Philosophy'] for output, only the name of the category needs to be output, don't output any other content. |
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Abstract: Sustainable phosphorus (P) management is essential to preventing mineral fertilizer losses, reducing water pollution, and addressing eutrophication issues. Phosphorus sorption and mobility are strongly influenced by the properties of biochar, which are determined by pyrolysis temperature and type of feedstock. This understanding is crucial for optimizing biochar application for soil nutrient management. Therefore, a batch sorption-desorption experiment was conducted to examine P sorption-desorption in plant-based (parthenium, corn cobs) and manure-based (farmyard manure, poultry manure) biochars prepared at both 400 degrees C and 600 degrees C. Manure-based biochars demonstrated higher P sorption at 400 degrees C, with less sorption at 600 degrees C, while plant-based counterparts exhibited lower sorption capacities. Phosphorus desorption, on the other hand, increased at 600 degrees C, particularly in manure-based biochars. The scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Fourier-transform infrared spectra (FTIR) analysis suggested that a lower pyrolysis temperature (400 degrees C) enhances P sorption due to higher specific surface area and different functional groups. Additionally, the manure-based biochars, which were enriched with calcium (Ca) and magnesium (Mg), contributed to increased P sorption. In summary, P sorption is enhanced by a lower carbonization (400 degrees C) temperature. Although manure-based biochars excel in retaining P, their effectiveness is limited to shorter durations. In contrast, plant-based biochars showcase a prolonged capacity for P retention. | [] | Geography | According to the text of the abstract of the paper in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, determine which discipline this text belongs to, and select a discipline from ['Archaeology', 'Economics', 'Communication', 'Demography', 'Education', 'Geography', 'Law', 'Art', 'History', 'Philosophy'] for output, only the name of the category needs to be output, don't output any other content. |
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Abstract: This article focuses on the happy narratives of successful resolution and overcoming in fashion and lifestyle publications, and interrogates their relation to the increasing politicisation of fashion and lifestyle media. Analysing the happy narratives of celebrity and personality profiles, the article comments on the promissory and disciplining nature of such happy narratives, linking them to the psychological turn within neoliberalism Gill and Orgad and the rise of the consumer citizen, and situating them within the economy of visibility, which sees exposure and visibility as solutions to structural problems. The article interrogates the (in)effectiveness of happy narratives in approaching political issues, and demonstrates their ineptitude in engaging with complex and potentially unresolvable issues. To further this point, the article employs a discursive analytic approach to survey celebrity profiles in Vogue US and Teen Vogue, including the highly controversial profile of Olena Zelenska that appeared in the October 2022 issue of Vogue US. | [] | Communication | According to the text of the abstract of the paper in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, determine which discipline this text belongs to, and select a discipline from ['Archaeology', 'Economics', 'Communication', 'Demography', 'Education', 'Geography', 'Law', 'Art', 'History', 'Philosophy'] for output, only the name of the category needs to be output, don't output any other content. |
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Abstract: The analysis of particle size, shape, size, and their spatial arrangement (i.e. fabric) in a sedimentary deposit plays a significant role in their interpretation in terms of transport mechanism, flow conditions, and sediment source. The present work focuses on the use of X-ray computed tomography (X -CT) to analyze tsunami deposits (core samples), as examples of complex sedimentary assemblages. A workflow of image processing is proposed to measure 3D parameters of particle size, shape, and orientation using two different software packages (FijiImageJ, and IPSDK) and two different methods of image segmentation. The semi -automated method provides better segmentation quality of the tsunami deposit, as compared with the poor performance of fully -automated image segmentation. We also provide some clues to reduce the computational time. This workflow is applied to two examples of tsunami deposits on the coasts of the Algarve (1755 Lisbon tsunami, southern Portugal). Optimized processing of X -CT images gives access to detailed vertical variations of grain size, grain shape, and componentry (clayey matrix, silicates, and carbonates, including marine bioclasts), as well as information on flow directions inferred from the sedimentary fabric in 3D. High -resolution analysis of the bedforms and vertical grain size grading allows determining the flow conditions during the inundation phase of the tsunami. | [] | Geography | According to the text of the abstract of the paper in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, determine which discipline this text belongs to, and select a discipline from ['Archaeology', 'Economics', 'Communication', 'Demography', 'Education', 'Geography', 'Law', 'Art', 'History', 'Philosophy'] for output, only the name of the category needs to be output, don't output any other content. |
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Abstract: BACKGROUND: Simulation-based education has emerged as an effective approach in nursing education worldwide. We aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of a surgical nursing education program based on a simulation using standardized patients and mobile applications among nursing students.METHODS: A mixed-methods design with a quasi-experimental longitudinal approach and focus group interviews was employed. The data were collected from 130 third-year nursing students at three different time points who were equally divided into experimental and control groups. This study measured the level of clinical surgical nursing competence, self-efficacy in clinical performance, cultural competence, and satisfaction with simulation experience. Four focus group interviews were conducted using open-ended questions to explore the participants' perspectives on the course's efficacy and satisfaction.RESULTS: There were statistically significant differences in clinical surgical nursing competence (F = 8.68, p < 0.001), self-efficacy in clinical performance (F = 13.56, p < 0.001), and cultural competence (F = 10.35, p < 0.001) across time between the intervention and control groups. Student satisfaction with the simulation-based training was high, particularly regarding debriefing and reflection, with an overall mean satisfaction level of 4.25 (0.40). Students' perspectives regarding integrated hybrid training are categorized into three themes: educational achievement, dynamic learning experiences, and satisfaction and suggestion.CONCLUSION: Simulation-based learning provides a dynamic and immersive educational experience that enables undergraduate nursing students to develop and refine essential clinical skills while also fostering confidence and cultural competence. | [] | Education | According to the text of the abstract of the paper in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, determine which discipline this text belongs to, and select a discipline from ['Archaeology', 'Economics', 'Communication', 'Demography', 'Education', 'Geography', 'Law', 'Art', 'History', 'Philosophy'] for output, only the name of the category needs to be output, don't output any other content. |
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Abstract: This study was based on remote sensing monitoring, particularly Landsat data, to identify land use changes (agricultural and urban) in the study area over five periods: 1973, 1986, 1994, 2001, and 2014. In addition, data on piezometric levels from the same periods were utilized to analyze and assess the relationship between these levels and land use changes. The aim was to understand the changes in groundwater volume and their relation to land uses in the Basin of Mexico. The findings revealed that the drained volume of the aquifer increases as the urban surface area grows. However, when analyzing the agricultural surface area, it does not appear to have an impact on the drained volume or water extraction. Furthermore, an analysis of agricultural subsidies showed an increase in agricultural use after 2001. Nevertheless, it's important to note that only federal subsidies were considered, and local subsidies were not taken into account. Therefore, it cannot be definitively concluded that this change was solely due to specific alterations. The use of remote sensing and unsupervised classification is a good tool to estimate changes in land use and can be used in other study areas to understand the groundwater variations over the time. | [] | Geography | According to the text of the abstract of the paper in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, determine which discipline this text belongs to, and select a discipline from ['Archaeology', 'Economics', 'Communication', 'Demography', 'Education', 'Geography', 'Law', 'Art', 'History', 'Philosophy'] for output, only the name of the category needs to be output, don't output any other content. |
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Abstract: This qualitative study captured the reflections of 53 English language teachers from 40 different contexts including Bangladesh, Colombia, France, India, Scotland, Taiwan, T & uuml;rkiye and the United Kingdom on teaching English during the times of COVID-19 and its post-effects on their practices. Data were collected through an online form consisting of three stems and the participants were asked to create similes about teaching English before, during and after the pandemic. By conducting thematic analysis, images created for each phase were categorized under occupational well-being, digital transformation, transactional distance, gap of communication and social isolation. Teachers pointed out work overload, lack of administrational support, instructions' not making sense, decreasing level of participation, dropouts, loss of student-teacher interaction and isolation as the drawbacks of the process along with the possibility of digital transformation ahead of their profession. | [] | Education | According to the text of the abstract of the paper in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, determine which discipline this text belongs to, and select a discipline from ['Archaeology', 'Economics', 'Communication', 'Demography', 'Education', 'Geography', 'Law', 'Art', 'History', 'Philosophy'] for output, only the name of the category needs to be output, don't output any other content. |
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Abstract: BACKGROUND: This group of physicians is difficult to reach and small in number. While studies of palliative care and end-of-life (EOL) issues in prison have increased, especially in the United States and since the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, they are still limited due to the constraints of carrying out research in carceral contexts. At present, there is very little knowledge of the experiences of physicians providing EOL care in prisons. The aim of this pilot study was to examine the experiences of doctors caring for terminally ill patients inside prisons.METHODS: Three expert qualitative interviews were conducted in March and April 2021 with physicians working in carceral institutions in New York State and Austria. The interviews were audio-recorded and transcribed verbatim. Braun and Clarke's thematic analysis was used to examine the data.RESULTS: The following five themes were found: (I) a lack of training and support; (II) interrupted relationships; (III) limitations on visits and saying one's goodbyes; (IV) security as a main concern; and (V) the possibility of release.CONCLUSIONS: The study reveals the difficulties physicians face when caring for dying incarcerated patients. Provider-patient relationships are hardly continuous. The findings represent a starting point for further research. Support from the medical and palliative care community is needed for adequate provision of EOL care within prisons, improved post-release conditions, and help for physicians working in existing structures. | [] | Philosophy | According to the text of the abstract of the paper in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, determine which discipline this text belongs to, and select a discipline from ['Archaeology', 'Economics', 'Communication', 'Demography', 'Education', 'Geography', 'Law', 'Art', 'History', 'Philosophy'] for output, only the name of the category needs to be output, don't output any other content. |
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Abstract: Background Oral bacterial infections are difficult to treat due to emergence of resistance against antibiotic therapy. Essential oils are considered emerging alternate therapy against bacterial infections and biofilms. We investigated Citrus bergemia flower essential oil against oral pathogens. Methods The essential oil was analsyed using Gas Chromatography(GC-MS), in silico investigations, antioxidant, antimicrobial, antibiofilm and antiquorum sensing assays. Results Gas Chromatography analysis confirmed presence of 17 compounds including 1,6-Octadien-3-ol,3,7-dimethyl, 48.17%), l-limonene (22.03%) and p-menth-1-ol, 8-ol (7.31%) as major components. In silico analysis showed compliance of all tested major components with Lipinski's rule, Bioavailability and antimicrobial activity using PASS (prediction of activity spectrum of substances). Molecular docking with transcriptional regulators 3QP5, 5OE3, 4B2O and 3Q3D revealed strong interaction of all tested compounds except 1,6-Octadien-3-ol,3,7-dimethyl. All tested compounds presented significant inhibition of DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) (IC50 0.65 mg/mL), H2O2 (hydrogen peroxide) (63.5%) and high FRAP (ferrous reducing antioxidant power) value (239.01 mu g). In antimicrobial screening a significant activity (MIC 0.125 mg/mL) against Bacillus paramycoides and Bacillus chungangensis was observed. Likewise a strong antibiofilm (52.1 - 69.5%) and anti-QS (quorum sensing) (4-16 mm) activity was recorded in a dose dependent manner. Conclusion It was therefore concluded that C. bergemia essential oil posess strong antioxidant, antimicrobial and antibiofilm activities against tested oral pathogens. | [] | Communication | According to the text of the abstract of the paper in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, determine which discipline this text belongs to, and select a discipline from ['Archaeology', 'Economics', 'Communication', 'Demography', 'Education', 'Geography', 'Law', 'Art', 'History', 'Philosophy'] for output, only the name of the category needs to be output, don't output any other content. |
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Abstract: This study takes a network approach to investigate coordination among knowledge workers as grounded in both formal and informal organization. We first derive hypotheses regarding patterns of knowledge-sharing relationships by which workers pass on and exchange tacit and codified knowledge within and across organizational hierarchies to address the challenges that underpin contemporary knowledge work. We use survey data and apply exponential random graph models to test our hypotheses. We then extend the quantitative network analysis with insights from qualitative interviews and demonstrate that the identified knowledge-sharing patterns are the micro-foundational traces of collective coordination resulting from two underlying coordination mechanisms which we label 'invisible iterations' and 'bringing in the big guns'. These mechanisms and, by extension, the associated knowledge-sharing patterns enable knowledge workers to perform in a setting that is characterized by complexity, uncertainty and ambiguity. Our research contributes to theory on the interplay between formal and informal organization for coordination by showing how self-directed, informal action is supported by the formal organizational hierarchy. In doing so, it also extends understanding of the role that hierarchy plays for knowledge-intensive work. Finally, it establishes the collective need to coordinate work as a previously overlooked driver of knowledge network relationships and network patterns. | [] | Economics | According to the text of the abstract of the paper in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, determine which discipline this text belongs to, and select a discipline from ['Archaeology', 'Economics', 'Communication', 'Demography', 'Education', 'Geography', 'Law', 'Art', 'History', 'Philosophy'] for output, only the name of the category needs to be output, don't output any other content. |
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Abstract: Cedars-Sinai is a sixth continuous Magnet organization in Southern California that embodies inclusive leadership in support of diversity, equity, inclusion, and justice (DEIJ) principles. The organization adheres to a strategic model prioritizing staff sense of belonging, empowerment, engagement, curiosity, and creativity. Employing inclusive leadership, we have implemented strong programs of professional development and continuous learning, innovation, and research. This leadership and these programs have fostered a culture of inquiry, support evidence-driven practice, quality improvement, and staff engagement. Our organization is committed to creating a caring and healing environment that promotes performance. We believe in practicing loving-kindness toward ourselves and others as a core value. Executive leadership support has been a key element in our successful implementation of DEIJ strategies, including employee resource groups, Shared Leadership Councils, transition to practice programs, health equity research, and innovative solutions. These strategies have been shown to yield a significant return on investment. | [] | Philosophy | According to the text of the abstract of the paper in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, determine which discipline this text belongs to, and select a discipline from ['Archaeology', 'Economics', 'Communication', 'Demography', 'Education', 'Geography', 'Law', 'Art', 'History', 'Philosophy'] for output, only the name of the category needs to be output, don't output any other content. |
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Abstract: The Mediterranean region is a hot spot for climate change, with transportation accounting for a quarter of global CO2 emissions. To meet the 2030 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), a sustainable urban transport network is needed to cut carbon emissions and improve air quality. This study aims to investigate the electrification of public transport in both developed and underdeveloped countries by examining the existing public transport network of two modes of transportation (buses and trams) across the Mediterranean region. This study suggests that the electrification of public transportation could result in a significant additional demand for more than 200 GWh of electricity, depending on the size and congestion of the city. It also studies the potential reduction of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions through the electrification of buses. Results show that electrification significantly impacts decreasing GHG emissions, helping achieve SDG 13. Furthermore, a financial analysis was conducted to determine the feasibility of using different bus fuel technologies. Regarding economic benefits, electric buses are not consistently optimal solutions, and diesel buses can be advantageous. Our finding shows that, at a 5% discount rate, the diesel bus is most favorable for Marseille, and, as discount rates increase, the advantage of electric buses diminishes. However, the high purchase price of electric buses compared to diesel buses is currently a major obstacle in achieving SDG 11, particularly for developing countries. | [] | Geography | According to the text of the abstract of the paper in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, determine which discipline this text belongs to, and select a discipline from ['Archaeology', 'Economics', 'Communication', 'Demography', 'Education', 'Geography', 'Law', 'Art', 'History', 'Philosophy'] for output, only the name of the category needs to be output, don't output any other content. |
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Abstract: BACKGROUND: Urinary tract infections, a prevalent global infectious disease, are clinical issues not well studied in HIV-positive individuals. UTIs have become a global drug resistance issue, but the prevalence and antibiotic susceptibility patterns of UTI-causing bacteria among HIV patients in Tigray, Ethiopia, are poorly understood. This study aims to identify the prevalence of UTI-causing bacteria, their antibiotic susceptibility patterns, and associated risk factors in HIV patients attending ART clinics at Mekelle General Hospital and Ayder Comprehensive Specialized Hospital in Tigray, Northern Ethiopia.METHOD: Clean-catch midstream urine samples (10-15 mL) were collected from HIV patients who are attending ART clinics at Mekelle General Hospital and Ayder Comprehensive Specialized Hospital. Samples were analyzed based on standard microbiological protocols using cysteine-lactose electrolyte deficient (CLED) agar. Pure colonies of bacterial isolates were obtained by sub-culturing into Mac-Conkey, Manitol Salt agar and blood agar plates. The bacterial isolates were then identified using macroscopic, microscopic, biochemical, and Gram staining methods. Gram-negative bacteria were identified using biochemical tests like triple sugar iron agar, Simon's citrate agar, lysine iron agar, urea, motility test, and indol test, whereas Gram-positive isolates were identified using catalase and coagulase tests. The Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion technique was used to analyze the antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of bacterial isolates. Data was analyzed using SPSS version 25.0.RESULTS: Among the 224 patients, 28 (12.5%) of them had been infected by UTIs-causing bacteria. E. coli was the dominant bacterium (16 (57%)) followed by K. pneumoniae (4 (14%)), and S. aureus (3 (11%)). Of the total bacterial isolates, 22 (78.6%) of them developed multi-drug resistance. All Gram-positive (100%) and 75% of Gram-negative bacterial isolates were found to be resistant to two or more drugs. Patients with a history of UTIs, and with CD4 count<200 cells/ mm3, were more likely to have significant bacteriuria. Compared to male patients, female patients were more affected by the UTIs-causing bacteria. More than 93% of the UTIs-causing bacterial isolates were susceptible to nitrofurantoin, ceftriaxone, ciprofloxacin, and gentamycin; whereas they are highly resistant to ampicillin (96%), cotrimoxazole (82%) and tetracycline (71%).CONCLUSIONS: Most of the bacterial isolates were highly resistant to ampicillin, cotrimoxazole, and tetracycline. Female patients were more affected by the UTIs causing bacteria. The highest prevalence (12.5%) of UTIs in HIV patients needs special attention for better management and monitoring. Previous UTI history and immune suppression are predictors of UTIs, highlighting the need for intervention measures involving molecular studies to identify resistant bacteria genes and promote patient immune reconstitution. | [] | Demography | According to the text of the abstract of the paper in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, determine which discipline this text belongs to, and select a discipline from ['Archaeology', 'Economics', 'Communication', 'Demography', 'Education', 'Geography', 'Law', 'Art', 'History', 'Philosophy'] for output, only the name of the category needs to be output, don't output any other content. |
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Abstract: The United States pays half-a-trillion dollars to defense contractors every year. Although the U.S. military could not operate without profitable contractors, excessively profitable contracts reduce manufacturing output and can imperil soldier safety. Stretching back to the founding, there is a long history of the executive branch compelling ex post modifications of military contracts to a lower price than the parties agreed to at signing. Sometimes authorized by Congress (but not always), this executive practice of downward revisions has fallen into disuse. Nevertheless, at least one statute might authorize this practice today: Public Law 85-804. Commonly understood to provide higher payments to defense contractors, this Note argues that Public Law 85-804 should be interpreted in light of its text and history to authorize downward revisions to excessively profitable defense contracts. Such an interpretation could save soldiers' lives and lower defense costs during today's challenging fiscal and geopolitical times. | [] | Law | According to the text of the abstract of the paper in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, determine which discipline this text belongs to, and select a discipline from ['Archaeology', 'Economics', 'Communication', 'Demography', 'Education', 'Geography', 'Law', 'Art', 'History', 'Philosophy'] for output, only the name of the category needs to be output, don't output any other content. |
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Abstract: Multimedia is extensively used for educational purposes. However, certain types of multimedia lack proper design, which could impose a cognitive load on the user. Therefore, it is essential to predict cognitive load and understand how it impairs brain functioning. Participants watched a version of educational multimedia that applied Mayer's principles, followed by a version that did not. Meanwhile, their electroencephalography (EEG) was recorded. Subsequently, they participated in a post-test and completed a self-reported cognitive load questionnaire. The audio envelope and word frequency were extracted from the multimedia, and the temporal response functions (TRFs) were obtained using a linear encoding model. We observed that the behavioral data are different between the two groups and the TRFs of the two multimedia versions were different. We saw changes in the amplitude and latencies of both early and late components. In addition, correlations were found between behavioral data and the amplitude and latencies of TRF components. Cognitive load decreased participants' attention to the multimedia, and semantic processing of words also occurred with a delay and smaller amplitude. Hence, encoding models provide insights into the temporal and spatial mapping of the cognitive load activity, which could help us detect and reduce cognitive load in potential environments such as educational multimedia or simulators for different purposes. | [] | Education | According to the text of the abstract of the paper in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, determine which discipline this text belongs to, and select a discipline from ['Archaeology', 'Economics', 'Communication', 'Demography', 'Education', 'Geography', 'Law', 'Art', 'History', 'Philosophy'] for output, only the name of the category needs to be output, don't output any other content. |
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Abstract: It is important that nurses guide practice with crafted policies based in nursing knowledge that is distinctive and specific to the values and beliefs of all persons, such as humanbecoming. As policy crafters in nursing, a nursing theory or model must serve as the foundation in service to others. In this article, the author explores crafting policy with the Rainbow PRISM model (Cody, 2003; Ortiz, 2018), in light of Parse's (2021a) humanbecoming paradigm, the humanbecoming community change concepts (Parse, 2003, 2021a), and Parse's (1987, 2021a) principles of inquiry construction. | [] | Philosophy | According to the text of the abstract of the paper in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, determine which discipline this text belongs to, and select a discipline from ['Archaeology', 'Economics', 'Communication', 'Demography', 'Education', 'Geography', 'Law', 'Art', 'History', 'Philosophy'] for output, only the name of the category needs to be output, don't output any other content. |
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Abstract: The accurate assessment of the material constitution and degradation in newly discovered archaeological artefacts is paramount for the decisions surrounding a thorough treatment of the object during the restoration and conservation stages. The laboratories possess competent experts and complex devices to perform this analysis properly. Nevertheless, a timely hint of an artificial intelligence assistant regarding the chemical composition and corrosion compound localization of a metal asset could save additional time and resources. The present paper proposes such a computational framework based on deep learning techniques that, on the base of its automatic determination of the chemical concentration of the predominant metal from a microscope image, can subsequently independently also recognize and delineate the corrosion spots of the products specific to that metal. The experiments have been performed on iron and copper heritage items from the Oltenia Museum, Romania. The results suggest that, even with an economic training information in terms of microscope images and annotations, the artificial intelligence framework can provide on-site support for an early examination of metal heritage assets.(c) 2023 Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR). Published by Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved. | [] | Archaeology | According to the text of the abstract of the paper in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, determine which discipline this text belongs to, and select a discipline from ['Archaeology', 'Economics', 'Communication', 'Demography', 'Education', 'Geography', 'Law', 'Art', 'History', 'Philosophy'] for output, only the name of the category needs to be output, don't output any other content. |
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Abstract: Section 1332 of the Affordable Care Act (ACA) provides states unprecedented flexibility to alter federal health policy. The authors analyze state waiver activity from 2019 to 2023, applying a comparative approach to understand waivers proposed by Georgia, Colorado, Washington, Oregon, and Nevada. Much of the waiver activity during this period focused on reinsurance programs. During the Trump administration, the most innovative waiver application was from Georgia, which sought to restructure and decentralize its individual market, moving away from the framework established by the ACA. While the Biden administration suspended Georgia's efforts, Democratic -led states have focused implementing waiver programs supporting and expanding on the ACA. This has included adopting public -option insurance plans offered by private insurers and expanding eligibility for qualified health plans for previously ineligible groups. The authors' analysis offers insights into contemporary health politics, policy durability, and the role of the administrative presidency. | [] | Law | According to the text of the abstract of the paper in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, determine which discipline this text belongs to, and select a discipline from ['Archaeology', 'Economics', 'Communication', 'Demography', 'Education', 'Geography', 'Law', 'Art', 'History', 'Philosophy'] for output, only the name of the category needs to be output, don't output any other content. |
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Abstract: Rapid tourism growth in small towns of unique cultural heritage often leads to sudden building renovation and infrastructure expansion, which can compromise their attractiveness. The typically under-resourced urban planning departments of the Global South face a complicated task in establishing planning regulations that can preserve a town's identity while accommodating these rapid transformations. This requires a delicate regulatory equilibrium - too restrictive an urban plan could hinder investment and local growth, while a less restricted approach risks destroying a town's heritage, identity, and touristic appeal. This study presents a randomised controlled trial in which residents and tourists rate a town's visual identity using photo simulations of 27 different planning regulation scenarios, drawing from a real-life conservation plan on the island of Chiloe (Chile). We test the effectiveness of this method for identifying which building regulations are relevant for preserving a town's identity. This low-cost and rapidly implemented method may complement the work of urban planners in setting the regulatory framework for conservation. | [] | Geography | According to the text of the abstract of the paper in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, determine which discipline this text belongs to, and select a discipline from ['Archaeology', 'Economics', 'Communication', 'Demography', 'Education', 'Geography', 'Law', 'Art', 'History', 'Philosophy'] for output, only the name of the category needs to be output, don't output any other content. |
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Abstract: Recent allegations that Pope John Paul II turned a blind eye to clergy sexual abuse as archbishop and pope have ignited much controversy in Poland. In this study, we utilize data from an original representative survey of Polish adults to examine predictors of defensive political reactions to these allegations. We hypothesized that national and Catholic collective narcissism (an exaggerated belief in in-group greatness that requires consistent external validation) would predict defensive attitudes in the face of the allegation, and that nonnarcissistic in-group satisfaction with national and Polish identities would be less related to defensive attitudes. Using a variety of statistical approaches, we find support for these predictions among Polish Catholics. | [] | Communication | According to the text of the abstract of the paper in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, determine which discipline this text belongs to, and select a discipline from ['Archaeology', 'Economics', 'Communication', 'Demography', 'Education', 'Geography', 'Law', 'Art', 'History', 'Philosophy'] for output, only the name of the category needs to be output, don't output any other content. |
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Abstract: Background Due to unidentified geriatric needs, elderly patients have a higher risk for developing chronic conditions and acute medical complications. Early geriatric screenings and assessments help to identify geriatric needs. Holistic and coordinated therapeutic approaches addressing those needs maintain the independence of elderly patients and avoid adverse effects. General practitioners are important for the timely identification of geriatric needs. The aims of this study are to examine the spatial distribution of the utilization of outpatient geriatric services in the very rural Federal State of Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania in the Northeast of Germany and to identify regional disparities.Methods Geographical analysis and cartographic visualization of the spatial distribution of outpatient geriatric services of patients who are eligible to receive basic geriatric care (BGC) or specialized geriatric care (SGC) were carried out. Claims data of the Association of Statutory Health Insurance Physicians in Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania were analysed on the level of postcode areas for the quarter periods between 01/2014 and 04/2017. A Moran's I analysis was carried out to identify clusters of utilization rates.Results Of all patients who were eligible for BGC in 2017, 58.3% (n = 129,283/221,654) received at least one BCG service. 77.2% (n = 73,442/95,171) of the patients who were eligible for SGC, received any geriatric service (BGC or SGC). 0.4% (n = 414/95,171) of the patients eligible for SGC, received SGC services. Among the postcode areas in the study region, the proportion of patients who received a basic geriatric assessment ranged from 3.4 to 86.7%. Several regions with statistically significant Clusters of utilization rates were identified.Conclusions The widely varying utilization rates and the local segregation of high and low rates indicate that the provision of outpatient geriatric care may depend to a large extent on local structures (e.g., multiprofessional, integrated networks or innovative projects or initiatives). The great overall variation in the provision of BGC services implicates that the identification of geriatric needs in GPs' practices should be more standardized. In order to reduce regional disparities in the provision of BGC and SGC services, innovative solutions and a promotion of specialized geriatric networks or healthcare providers are necessary. | [] | Communication | According to the text of the abstract of the paper in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, determine which discipline this text belongs to, and select a discipline from ['Archaeology', 'Economics', 'Communication', 'Demography', 'Education', 'Geography', 'Law', 'Art', 'History', 'Philosophy'] for output, only the name of the category needs to be output, don't output any other content. |
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Abstract: Blue foods, including seaweed, have been overlooked in food systems analysis and policy-making due to a lack of available data. However, seaweed cultivation is gaining attention as a restorative aquaculture that could contribute to ocean health by serving as blue carbon or nurturing seagrass beds. Commercial restorative aquaculture may provide market-based solutions for improving ocean health. The Onna Village Fisheries Cooperative producers have been restoring corals, knowing empirically that when the coral weakens, the yield of Mozuku seaweed drops. Furthermore, measures taken to reduce red soil run-off prevent the reduction in Mozuku quality and quantity and protect seagrass beds, since Mozuku cultivators have continued to use them as an important nursery. The fishery cooperative and the seaweed processing company, Igeta Takeuchi Co., Ltd., have jointly developed high-quality Mozuku that is resistant to climate change and extreme weather conditions through strain selection. Based on this case, this paper examines the following questions: (1) What quality assurance technique is necessary to continue restorative aquaculture as a market-based solution over the long term? (2) What social platforms and communication channels are available to stakeholders to maintain restorative aquaculture in the long run? To answer these questions, Japanese consumer cooperatives that established the Mozuku Fund are also examined. This case study of Mozuku highlights how the sustainability and quality of marine products are maintained throughout the whole supply chain, focusing on the power of the Japanese consumers' cooperative. | [] | Geography | According to the text of the abstract of the paper in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, determine which discipline this text belongs to, and select a discipline from ['Archaeology', 'Economics', 'Communication', 'Demography', 'Education', 'Geography', 'Law', 'Art', 'History', 'Philosophy'] for output, only the name of the category needs to be output, don't output any other content. |
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Abstract: This paper explores the industrial relations (IR) experiences of Chinese multinational enterprises (MNE) in Ireland, with particular focus on the impact of host and home country institutions on IR policies and practices. The study adopted a qualitative methodology of semi-structured interviews with managerial respondents from eight Chinese MNEs located in Ireland and personnel in other relevant public and private organisations. Our results indicate that host country IR institutions (e.g. trade unions, employment legislation and government support) largely explain the IR practices of Chinese MNEs in Ireland. This study also identifies home country effects mostly relating to a hierarchical managerial approach and the development of a culture of harmony and collaboration. Finally, our results also call attention to some emerging 'convergence' and 'divergence' between Chinese MNEs and other MNEs in Ireland in terms of their IR experiences and responses. | [] | Economics | According to the text of the abstract of the paper in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, determine which discipline this text belongs to, and select a discipline from ['Archaeology', 'Economics', 'Communication', 'Demography', 'Education', 'Geography', 'Law', 'Art', 'History', 'Philosophy'] for output, only the name of the category needs to be output, don't output any other content. |
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Abstract: Scholars have neglected at a theoretical level the structuring role of warfare in the rise of nations and states. I argue that war-making has been a constitutive force in the emergence and persistence of many national identities in four ways. First, wars can act as 'turning points' for good or ill to become national mythomoteurs. Second, they can create enduring popular we-they stereotypes against significant others. Third, they can generate a gemeinschaft of national sacrifice that anchors the nation after a return to peace. Finally, the outcomes of wars can legitimate ruling establishments or mobilise peoples against them. However, warfare can also disable nation formation. I shall focus on the impact of imperial wars on Eurasian borderland populations. While generating nationalism in these regions, such wars create shatter zones, marked by ethnic diversity and conflict that frustrate the formation of stable national communities. | [] | History | According to the text of the abstract of the paper in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, determine which discipline this text belongs to, and select a discipline from ['Archaeology', 'Economics', 'Communication', 'Demography', 'Education', 'Geography', 'Law', 'Art', 'History', 'Philosophy'] for output, only the name of the category needs to be output, don't output any other content. |
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Abstract: OBJECTIVES: To investigate the factors associated with voluntary HIV counseling and testing (VCT) among young students engaging in casual sexual activity and to establish a scientific rationale for developing targeted intervention strategies for preventing HIV/AIDS in this population.METHODS: Stratified cluster sampling was used to conduct a survey using questionnaires to collect demographic and behavioral information for statistical analysis.RESULTS: Data from 611 young students, who reported engaging in casual sexual activity, were included in the statistical analysis. Among these, 68 (11.13%) students underwent the VCT. Among young students who engaged in casual sexual activity, those who were non-Zhejiang residents (adjusted odds ratio [aOR]: 2.11; 95% Confidence Interval [CI]: 1.17-3.80), those who had received AIDS-themed lectures or health education courses from the school in the past year (aOR=3.96, 95% CI=1.49-10.50), those who had received HIV risk self-assessment conducted by the school in the past year (aOR=2.31, 95% CI=1.17-4.59), and those who had engaged in commercial sex activity in the past year (aOR=1.98, 95% CI=1.07-3.66) were more inclined to have undergone VCT. Male students (aOR=0.37, 95% CI=0.18-0.77) and those who used condoms consistently during casual sexual activity (aOR=0.45, 95% CI=0.21-0.97) were less likely to undergo VCT.CONCLUSION: Casual sexual activity was relatively prevalent among young students, posing a potential risk for HIV transmission. These findings will be instrumental in the development more effective HIV prevention and control strategies for young students. Additionally, it highlights the necessity of promoting and popularizing VCT among young students without Zhejiang province residency, who are involved in commercial sexual activity, and/or those who lacking HIV education. Moreover, additional research and implementation of refined HIV behavioral interventions specifically tailored to young students are necessary to enhance their awareness and knowledge of HIV prevention. | [] | Education | According to the text of the abstract of the paper in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, determine which discipline this text belongs to, and select a discipline from ['Archaeology', 'Economics', 'Communication', 'Demography', 'Education', 'Geography', 'Law', 'Art', 'History', 'Philosophy'] for output, only the name of the category needs to be output, don't output any other content. |
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Abstract: Background Medical schools are called to be socially accountable by medical education and healthcare system stakeholders. Social accountability is a feature of excellent medical education. Medical students are essential to the development of socially accountable medical schools. Therefore, understanding the perceptions and experiences of medical students regarding social accountability is critical for efforts to improve social accountability practices and outcomes.Methods This cross-sectional online questionnaire-based survey used Google Forms and involved medical students in their fourth and fifth years of study at the Makerere University School of Medicine. The survey was conducted between September 2022 and October 2023. We used a study questionnaire and a validated toolkit designed by students as part of The Training for Health Equity Collaborative to gauge a school's progress towards social accountability in medical schools to collect data on demographics, perceptions and experiences and evaluate social accountability.Results Out of 555 eligible medical students, 426 responded to the online questionnaire. The response rate was 77%. The mean age of the students was 25.24 +/- 4.4 years. Almost three fourths of the students were male (71.3%), and slightly less than two thirds were in their fourth year of study (65%). Almost half of the students (48.1%%) evaluated the school as doing well with regard to social accountability. The evaluation items referring to community-based research and positive impact on the community had the highest mean scores. Only 6 (3.6%) students who reported hearing of social accountability had a clear understanding of social accountability. Students receiving career guidance in secondary school was associated with evaluating social accountability in the medical school as strong (p-0.003).Conclusions Medical students evaluated the medical school favorably forsocial accountability despite lacking a clear understanding of social accountability. Receiving career guidance in secondary school was significantly associated with a positive evaluation of social accountability. | [] | Communication | According to the text of the abstract of the paper in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, determine which discipline this text belongs to, and select a discipline from ['Archaeology', 'Economics', 'Communication', 'Demography', 'Education', 'Geography', 'Law', 'Art', 'History', 'Philosophy'] for output, only the name of the category needs to be output, don't output any other content. |
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Abstract: Background: Until the end of 2022, a special registration, known as the X-waiver, was required to prescribe buprenorphine in the US. Before its removal, US federal regulations trialed an X-waiver exemption, initiated on April 28, 2021, which permitted buprenorphine prescribing for up to 30 patients without additional training. We aimed to understand if these regulatory changes impacted buprenorphine dispensing. Methods: We conducted an interrupted time series analysis to understand changes in buprenorphine dispensing during the 26 weeks after the X-waiver exemption compared to the expected baseline trend established in the 26 weeks before using the IQVIA Longitudinal Prescription claims database. The primary outcome was number of new buprenorphine prescribers nationwide (defined as no prior buprenorphine prescription dispensed in the last 26 weeks). Segmented regression estimated relative changes in buprenorphine dispensing at 1, 13, and 26 weeks post-X-waiver change. Results: A total of 15,517,525 prescriptions filled for 1,328,172 patients (43.4 % female) ordered by 62,312 providers were included for analysis. At 26 weeks post-X-waiver change, there was no change in the number of new prescribers compared to the expected baseline trend (-2.7 % [95 % CI: -8.3,2.9]). The number of new (15.2 % [4.6,25.8]) and existing (1.7 % [0.9,2.4]) patients and patients per prescriber (4.3 % [3,5.6]) increased. Buprenorphine prescriptions reimbursed by Medicaid increased (7.5 % [6.6,8.4]) while commercial fills decreased (-3.4 % [-5.3,-1.5]). Conclusions: The number of new prescribers did not increase six months post-X-waiver exemption while new patients continued to enter treatment at higher-than-expected rates. These findings suggest that additional interventions beyond the recent X-waiver removal may be needed to increase access to buprenorphine. | [] | Law | According to the text of the abstract of the paper in the field of humanities and social sciences given below, determine which discipline this text belongs to, and select a discipline from ['Archaeology', 'Economics', 'Communication', 'Demography', 'Education', 'Geography', 'Law', 'Art', 'History', 'Philosophy'] for output, only the name of the category needs to be output, don't output any other content. |