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More recently, we have seen some shift in rhetoric on environmental and social issues by the mainstream financial community. However, the voting records of many fund managers tell a different story. Nearly across the board, the largest fund managers tend to vote in line with management recommendations and generally support very few shareholder proposals, which typically advocate for sustainable and responsible business practices. For example, a recent study by Ceres found that, particularly around the topics of climate change, some of the largest managers have among the worst voting records in the fund industry. | 1neutral
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Managing our value chain emissions In FY2018, Scope 3 emissions in our value chain were 596 million tonnes of CO2-e. The most significant contributors to this total were emissions from the downstream processing and use of our products, which accounted for around 97 per cent of total Scope 3 emissions. In particular, Scope 3 emissions emanating from the steelmaking process (the processing and use of our iron ore and metallurgical coal) accounted for over 65 per cent of the total. (2) | 1neutral
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Indirect emissions, known as scope 2 and 3 emissions, result from operational activities we do not own or control. These include emissions produced as a consequence of electricity we purchase to power our treatment plants (scope 2) and other indirect emissions such as travel on company business (scope 3). Emissions from electricity we use are calculated by converting each kilowatt hour purchased into its carbon dioxide equivalent. | 1neutral
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Safety and operational risks Process safety, personal safety, and environmental risks – exposure to a wide range of health, safety, security and environmental risks could cause harm to people, the environment and our assets and result in regulatory action, legal liability, business interruption, increased costs, damage to our reputation and potentially denial of our licence to operate. | 0risk
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We also anticipate that the potential effects of climate change will increasingly impact our own operations and those of client properties we manage, especially when they are located in coastal cities. For example, in 2018, the impact of natural disasters was significant with a series of devastating wildfires in the U.S. as well as floods in several geographies around the globe. | 0risk
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However, while any of these factors may lead to commencement of Engagement, we have decided to particularly focus on companies in relation to which we have particular ESG-related concerns, or which do not publish adequate environmental information, or which are ‘laggards’ with regard to a commitment to address climate change issues. | 1neutral
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Our Integris Global Equity portfolios exclude companies that have material connections to certain controversial industries, e.g. fossil fuels, tobacco and weapons. We also exclude companies that score the worst overall ESG score (‘CCC’) as calculated by an independent external ESG research company, MSCI ESG Research, and at the end of December 2018, there were 174 companies excluded from the portfolios as a result of this ESG screen. | 1neutral
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We emit greenhouse gases both directly and indirectly. Our direct (Scope 1) emissions come from our industrial businesses, including the use of natural gas and diesel, and fugitive emissions from coal mining. Our main source of indirect (Scope 2) emissions is electricity used by our operations. We also estimate our Scope 3 emissions, which are other indirect emissions that occur as a result of our operations (e.g. employee air travel), but are not controlled by us. | 1neutral
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We may be impacted by the long term effects of climate change, including: • increased severity or regularity of extreme weather events which may result in business disruptions, changing supply conditions, safety risks for our team members and customers, and damage to our physical assets and transport infrastructure; • changes to global policy and government regulations; and • changes to customer needs, preferences and behaviours. | 0risk
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Climate change may also lead to temperature increases, droughts, floods, hurricanes, etc., which may shift access to and alter cycles of different kinds of crops, rendering certain crop fields unusable for agriculture. Merchandise transportation may be affected as well if extreme weather conditions interfere with accessibility. Deciding whether to open a new store or not may be hindered if flood risks increase. | 0risk
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Scope 2 emissions are the main component of our emissions profile. Our Scope 2 emissions, in turn, result primarily from our purchase of grid electricity. We also report Scope 3 emissions derived from air travel undertaken by our colleagues for business purposes. At present, Scope 1 emissions resulting from the use of vehicular fuels and stationary combustion fuels, which comprise a comparatively insignificant proportion of our overall energy consumption and emissions, are excluded from our reporting. | 1neutral
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8 Climate change Climate change due to global warming could cause various damages, including flooding, landslide disasters caused by abnormal weather conditions such as concentrated torrential rains. Severe heat, heavy snowfall and drought due to unseasonable weather changes, water resources, and loss of biodiversity could also be expected to arise from climate change. | 0risk
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EXAMPLES OF RISKS Resource scarcity, coupled with increasing demand, could affect production, availability, quality and cost of raw materials. Increased frequency of extreme weather events, from floods to droughts, could cause disruption in our supply chain and impact the sourcing of raw materials, as well as the production and distribution of finished goods. Increased regulation and more stringent environmental standards could impact our business by affecting production costs and flexibility of operations. Our industry is sustained by many agricultural and manufacturing communities around the world. Failure to support them in preserving key skills and building more sustainable livelihoods could cause social, economic and operational challenges, ranging from community tensions and disruption to production, to a reduced talent pool. | 0risk
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Global energy demand has continued to be supported by conventional technologies and fossil resources, with energy intensity unable to be significantly reduced. Air pollution is one of the main issues facing large urban centres, but there are no structural changes allowing a substantial reduction in emissions. Many cities set restrictions on car traffic, not only because of environmental issues but also because of congestion, encouraging the emergence of a number of car-sharing and ride-hailing solutions, which partially replace public transport. Electric vehicles cannot be considered an alternative, because cities lack charging points and the batteries have an insufficient autonomy to handle urban traffic jams. | 0risk
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Our risk assessment Rising average annual temperatures could lead to higher cooling costs for our business and our customers. More erratic temperature changes could lead to strain or failure of our mechanical heating and cooling systems. Storms could lead to higher maintenance costs. And flooding, both inland and coastal, could lead to direct damage to our properties. All of these hazards can affect our customers’ business continuity. | 0risk
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Around US$16.5 billion of the insured losses caused by natural disasters related to the Camp Fire forest fire in California. This represents the highest loss to date for the insurance industry caused by a forest fire. In addition to further forest fires, 2018 was also notable for hurricanes, of which hurricane Michael and typhoon Jebi caused the greatest losses. Storms David (Friederike) and Eleanor (Burglind) were responsible for a high level of losses for the insurance industry in Europe as well (around US$3 billion). Germany accounted for around two-thirds of the losses. | 0risk
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The Group faces many other risks which, although important and subject to regular review, have been assessed as less significant and are not listed here. These include, for example, natural catastrophe and business interruption risks and certain financial risks. A summary of financial risks and their management is provided on page 33. | 0risk
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STRATEGY RISK Link to KPI/scorecard – business development and growth Risk of lack of balance between short and long-term investments, insufficient diversification of assets, the inability to manage the portfolio or grow the business during significant changes to market and industry conditions including evolving regulation and taxes related to climate change or caused by shift in oil demand resulting from substitution of hydrocarbons with renewable energy sources. | 0risk
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Energy policy Throughout FY2018, national energy policy remained highly topical within Australia. As policy makers seek to tackle the energy ‘trilemma’ and solve a decade-long failure to effectively integrate energy and climate policy, ongoing uncertainty prevails in the market. This affects investment decisions, prices and energy reliability for Australian consumers and businesses. | 0risk
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The potential impact of climate change as an environmental, social and governance challenge for the region is significant. The SADC region is particularly vulnerable to increased frequency of floods, cyclones and droughts which may damage infrastructure, destroy agricultural crops, disrupt livelihoods and cause loss of life. These impacts will increasingly influence investment and insurance decisions. | 0risk
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Low Carbon Fuel Standards Existing and proposed environmental legislation and regulation developed by certain U.S. states, Canadian provinces, the Canadian federal government and members of the European Union, regulating carbon fuel standards could result in increased costs and reduced revenue. The potential regulation may negatively affect the marketing of Cenovus’s bitumen, crude oil or refined products, and may require us to purchase emissions credits in order to affect sales in such jurisdictions. | 0risk
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Public Perception of Alberta Oil Sands Development of the Alberta oil sands has received considerable attention in recent public commentary on the subjects of environmental impact, climate change and GHG emissions. Despite that much of the focus is on bitumen mining operations and not in situ production, public concerns about oil sands generally and GHG emissions, water and land use practices and indigenous engagement in oil sands developments specifically may, directly or indirectly, impair the profitability of our current oil sands projects, and the viability of future oil sands projects, by creating significant regulatory uncertainty leading to uncertainty in economic modeling of current and future projects and delays relating to the sanctioning of future projects. | 0risk
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Climate change also threatens our food system which must produce 50% more food to feed over 9 billion people by 2050. However, changing weather patterns and growing seasons threaten suitable cultivation areas around the world. Business can spur positive change and achieving food security could create 80 million jobs and business opportunities worth $2.3 trillion annually by 2030. Linked to climate change is water scarcity, a threat to 3.2 billion people. If current usage continues the world will have only 60% of its required water by 2030. See pages 30 and 33 to 35 for more on climate change risks. | 0risk
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The main impacts of the 4°C scenario were as follows: • Chronic and acute water stress reduces agricultural productivity in some regions, raising prices of raw materials. • Increased frequency of extreme weather (storms and floods) causes increased incidence of disruption to our manufacturing and distribution networks. • Temperature increase and extreme weather events reduce economic activity, GDP growth and hence sales levels fall. | 0risk
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Broadly, the 2 degrees scenario demonstrated that IAG would incur additional operating costs, mainly as a result of the increased cost of carbon or other policy interventions. The 4 degrees scenario also demonstrated that IAG would incur additional operating costs, but in this case, these would more likely arise from increased cost of operational disruption due to increased frequency of extreme weather events. | 0risk
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Climate change potentially has multiple effects that could harm the Group’s operations. The increasing scarcity of water resources may negatively affect the Group’s operations in some regions of the world, high sea levels may harm certain coastal activities, and the multiplication of extreme weather events may damage offshore and onshore facilities. These climate risk factors are continually assessed in the risk management and prevention plans. | 0risk
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This structured approach applies to all of the Group’s operated businesses exposed to these risks. In addition to its drilling and pipeline transport operations, the Group has at the end of 2018 195 sites and operating zones exposed to major technological risks, which could cause harm or damage to people, property and the environment, corresponding to: | 0risk
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Emission sources not reported This section of the report details the emission sources on which we have not reported and provides the reasons behind our decisions. Only a minority of the offices we operate directly make use of gas and we have included this in our emissions from combustion of fuel. We do not have distinct data on heat/steam for our other offices as this is most likely embedded in the office service charges that we pay. As a result, we have not currently reported on purchased heat or steam. In future we will devise a methodology to estimate the emissions associated with heating requirements for which we are responsible. | 1neutral
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EMISSIONS AND OTHER ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES The Panel recognizes that CEMEX has exposure to the risk of increased costs linked to carbon regulations, based on its focus on cement production, which is clearly highly carbon-intensive. Adding to this risk, the Panel asserts that ca. 80% of the company’s assets are located in locations with existing or impending carbon regulations. This reality elevates CEMEX’s overall level of risk in this area relative to peers. | 0risk
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Company may not be able to offset such impact, including, for example, through higher freight rates. Climate change legislation and regulation could also affect CN's customers; make it difficult for CN's customers to produce products in a cost-competitive manner due to increased energy costs; and increase legal costs related to defending and resolving legal claims and other litigation related to climate change. | 0risk
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In addition, we recognize the scientific consensus that climate change is a reality of increasing concern, indicated by higher concentrations of greenhouse gases, a warming atmosphere and ocean, diminished snow and ice, and sea level rise. We understand that climate change potentially poses a serious financial threat to society as a whole, with implications for the insurance industry in areas such as catastrophe risk perception, pricing and modeling assumptions, particularly if the frequency and severity of natural catastrophic events continue to increase. Because there is significant variability associated with the impacts of climate change, we cannot predict how physical, legal, regulatory and social responses may impact our business. | 0risk
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The second half of 2017 had unprecedented weather events, particularly in Florida and the Caribbean. Hurricanes Irma and Maria resulted in over 2,500 canceled flights or 3% of departures. Following large weather events, it is common to see lingering demand impact similar to what we experienced in New York, following superstorm Sandy in 2012. | 0risk
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Climate change is a long-term risk associated with high uncertainty regarding timing, scope and severity of potential impacts. The risks for insurers can be grouped into physical risks and transition risks. Physical risks relate to losses from climate trends (i.e. changing weather patterns and sea level rise) and climate events (i.e. extreme weather and natural disasters). These physical risks impact property & casualty (P&C) insurance, but also life insurance, for instance through higher than expected mortality rates. Losses can also follow from credit risk and collateral linked to the mortgage portfolio. Aegon is exposed to mortality risk and mortgage underwriting risks and has limited exposure to P&C risk, including catastrophic risk. Beyond insured losses from physical climate damages, climate change can increase uninsured damages and losses and may have disrupting and cascading effects on the wider economy and across the financial system. The second category of risks is associated with the transition to a low-carbon economy. These transition risks can affect the value of assets and impact the investments portfolios of insurers. Furthermore, it cannot be ruled out that Aegon itself is unable to adjust to environmental and sustainability goals. The transition risks are determined by largely uncertain factors such as policy and regulatory changes, political, social and market dynamics and technological innovations. Linked to both the physical and the transition risks, there could be litigation and reputational risks following from not fully considering or responding to the impacts of climate change, or not providing appropriate disclosure of current and future risks. The risks can relate both to Aegon and the companies in which it invests. | 0risk
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Limited transportation infrastructure risks The profitability of Equinor’s oil and gas production in a remote area may be affected by an infrastructure constraint Equinor's ability to commercially exploit discovered petroleum resources will depend, among other factors, on infrastructure to transport oil and gas to potential buyers at a commercial price. Oil is transported by vessels, rail or pipelines to refineries, and natural gas by pipeline or vessels (for liquefied natural gas) to processing plants and end users. Equinor may be unsuccessful in its efforts to secure transportation and markets for all its potential production. | 0risk
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Project STOP was formally kicked-off in July 2017 and publicly announced at the Our Oceans Conference 2017 in Malta. Implementation of the first city partnership project started in April 2018 in Muncar, East Java, Indonesia. Muncar is a major fishing port suffering from plastic litter in its harbour, beaches and rivers. | 1neutral
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The scientific community has concluded that increasing global average temperatures produces significant physical effects, such as the increased frequency and severity of hurricanes, storms, droughts, floods or other extreme climatic events that could interfere with Eni’s operations and damage Eni’s facilities. Extreme and unpredictable weather phenomena can result in material disruption to Eni’s operations, and consequent loss of or damage to properties and facilities, as well as a loss of output, loss of revenues, increasing maintenance and repair expenses and cash flow shortfall. | 0risk
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Advisory Services continue to be an important part of our business. We anticipate 528 new assignments in 2019, about the same level as 2018, to support €45 billion in investments. We are committed to dedicating at least 25% of own-lending capacity to climate projects annually, and to increasing from 25% to 35% the share of financing for developing countries dedicated to climate action. We have committed to financing a total of $100 billion in climate action investments globally from 2016 to 2020. The Bank will also continue to focus on infrastructure projects, particularly those that reduce waste and preserve resources. | 2opportunity
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Cities account for 75 per cent of worldwide greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. EBRD Green Cities, a programme that supports sustainable urban planning and investment, is central to Bank efforts to curb climate change. Under the initiative in 2018, the EBRD invested €265 million in 10 projects which together are expected to reduce GHG emissions by 319,000 tonnes annually. Donors help to fund the action plans that are the centrepiece of EBRD Green Cities and other aspects of the programme. | 2opportunity
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The EBRD committed US$ 68.5 million (€60 million equivalent) to Amundi Planet – Emerging Green One, a green bond fund dedicated to emerging markets. The International Finance Corporation and the European Investment Bank also participated in the fund, which will invest in bonds issued by financial institutions and support climate and environmental projects. | 2opportunity
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The international community pledged €17 million in additional funds to help finance work aimed at reducing the risk of radiation from disused uranium-mining sites in the Kyrgyz Republic, Tajikistan and Uzbekistan. The funding was pledged at an event hosted by the EBRD, which manages the Environmental Remediation Account for Central Asia. Work at four sites will start in 2019. | 2opportunity
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At Karnataka, we produced and sold 2.2 million tonnes during FY2018, in line with the allocated environmental clearance (EC) limits. The Honourable Supreme Court has increased the cap on production of iron ore for the state from 30 to 35 million tonnes, and accordingly increase in our allocation for Karnataka from 2.3 to 4.5 million tonnes in May 2018. | 1neutral
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� We have committed to have an additional 3,000 megawatts of new solar and wind — enough to power 750,000 homes — under development or in operation by the beginning of 2022. This is incremental to the nearly 1,800 megawatts of company-owned or -partnered solar generating capacity that had entered service by the end of 2018. | 2opportunity
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We plan on aiding economic development efforts in the Carolinas by keeping electric and gas bills affordable and by working with current and prospective employers to show them how we can provide them with on-demand energy. And through philanthropic giving, which will increase SCANA’s community giving by $1 million per year over the next five years, we expect to focus on education, environmental stewardship and community needs. | 2opportunity
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$200 billion in financing to sustainable businesses and projects by 2030, with more than 50 percent focused on clean technology and renewable energy transactions to help accelerate the transition to a low-carbon economy. This commitment demonstrates how our products and services, operations and culture, and philanthropy can be harnessed toward a single goal. As an example, | 2opportunity
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To speed up implementation of these solutions, even ahead of calls for tenders, we have established special financing mechanisms. Every year we allocate €2 million to E-Face, a fund that covers the cost differential between conventional solutions and more environmentally friendly alternatives. Similarly, the Seed’Innov fund aims to support all the Group’s low-carbon innovations, from the initial R&D stage and trials through to their introduction on the market. | 2opportunity
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This new focus is laid out in Eiffage’s 2020 business plan, with the decision to entrust the coordination of transversal innovation to the Sustainable Development department and make internal financial resources available to support the roll-out of the Group’s low-carbon offering. Created in 2016 and allocated an annual budget of €2 million, the E-Face fund supports the operational development of low-carbon offerings by funding the cost differential between a traditional solution and an alternative, low-emission solution for all eligible commercial projects undertaken by the Group. Apart from providing important leverage by co-financing the reduced carbon footprint of a project, the fund also helps identify low-carbon materials, products and processes that can easily be substituted for their high-carbon equivalents while introducing traceability of the carbon content of purchases for accounting purposes. | 2opportunity
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The two companies and the relevant local authorities had already created 1,088 car-pooling spaces between 2014 and 2018. They will step up their efforts in this area with a motorway investment plan that was approved by the French government in early November 2018. APRR has undertaken to create 1,700 car-pooling spaces at 27 sites by 2021, investing a total of €10.6 million, while AREA will invest €1.7 million to create 250 spaces at five sites in the same timeframe. | 2opportunity
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IFC is helping reverse that decline. In 2018, we launched a Maximizing Finance for Development initiative — working with other members of the World Bank Group — to finance a $12 million solar project in Gaza to ease the energy shortage. The 7-megawatt rooftop solar-power plant will provide critical energy to 32 factories in the Gaza Industrial Estate — much more cheaply than before. The project will create around 800 jobs. | 2opportunity
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Deployed our investment strategy to address climate change through concrete actions with conclusive results • A $10-billion increase in low-carbon assets, exceeding the initial target of $8 billion, with a new target set at $32 billion by 2020. • A 10% reduction in our portfolio’s carbon intensity, with a target of a 25% reduction by 2025. • High-quality transactions in renewable electricity in the United States, Europe, India and Latin America. • Consolidating expertise within a team dedicated to stewardship investing and initiatives. | 2opportunity
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BlackRock’s Sustainable Investing platform consists of more than $50 billion in dedicated ESG strategies. We also manage more than $440 billion in solutions that eliminate exposure to certain sectors or activities. And we offer our strategies in index and alpha-seeking, with varying levels of customization, from iShares Sustainable Core ETFs to bespoke, institutional client solutions. | 2opportunity
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During FY2019, APA expects to commission the 110 MW Darling Downs Solar Farm, the 130 MW Badgingarra Wind Farm and the 17.5 MW Badgingarra Solar Farm. APA continues to evaluate further renewable energy opportunities together with stand-alone and integrated low emission gas generation. This combination of intermittent renewable generation with reliable, low emissions gas-fuelled generation is well positioned to help deliver energy to people, businesses and communities that use it, affordably, efficiently and reliably. | 2opportunity
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The British Columbia Carbon Tax Act sets a carbon price of $30 per tonne of CO2e on fuel combustion. Beginning April 1, 2018, the provincial carbon tax is expected to increase by $5 per tonne of CO2e per year, reaching the federal target carbon price of $50 on April 1, 2021. The tax may also be expanded to fugitive and vented emissions from the oil and gas sector. The Government of British Columbia has also introduced measures to reduce upstream | 1neutral
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Climate action lines: In 2018, CaixaBank signed an agreement with the European Investment Bank (EIB) consisting of a line of credit amounting to EUR 30 million to fund investments in SMEs, individuals, and the public sector to combat climate change (e.g., electric cars, modifications to facilities, and home improvements). In addition, CaixaBank acts as a broker for EIB funds related to renewable energy projects. Specifically, in 2018, EUR 35 million have been allocated to finance a wind farm project. | 2opportunity
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At Vancity, we are committed to helping our business members improve their environmental performance. One of the ways we do this is through our relationship with Climate Smart. Climate Smart provides training, coaching, and software for businesses to measure their carbon footprint, identify opportunities for cost, energy, and carbon savings, and communicate their efforts. Vancity offers members a $1,000 scholarship for Climate Smart training and 160 members have taken part in the program. | 2opportunity
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A growing percentage of customers want to reduce their carbon footprint not only in their homes or businesses, but in the vehicles they drive as well. Electric vehicles are a growing consumer choice, and we are taking a three-pronged approach to help our customers seamlessly make the transition. We have several pilots underway in Minnesota to provide home charging options and public charging infrastructure, and to partner with communities and business customers to convert their fleets from traditional to electric vehicles. We recently announced a $25 million investment in electric vehicle infrastructure and believe these pilots will help our customers reduce energy and meet their sustainability needs. We expect to expand our electric vehicle efforts to other states in 2019 and beyond (read more on pages 10-11). | 2opportunity
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For many investors, climate change poses significant financial challenges and opportunities. The expected transition to a lower carbon economy is estimated to require around £2.7 trillion, on average, in energy sector investments a year for the foreseeable future, generating new investment opportunities. At the same time, the risk return profile of companies exposed to climate-related risks may change significantly because of physical impacts of climate change, climate policy or new technologies. | 1neutral
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Climate Action 100+ VicSuper is collaborating with more than 280 investors, with a combined total of nearly US$30 trillion in assets under management, to engage the world’s largest greenhouse gas-emitting companies to act on climate change. Through the Climate Action 100+ initiative, VicSuper is engaging with investee companies to reduce emissions in line with the goals of the Paris Agreement, and to strengthen governance practices and financial reporting on climate change. | 1neutral
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2 . As a further decarbonization driver, Eni intends to develop circular economy initiatives aimed at enhancing waste and biomass to extract new energy, new products or materials and to give new life to decommissioned or reclaimed assets. Overall spending in the four-year period 2019-22 for decarbonization, the circular economy and renewables is approximately €3.6 billion including scientific and technological research activities designed to support these issues. | 2opportunity
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2017 (36.01 tonCO 2 eq/kboe). This reduction already makes it possible to achieve the 2021 target, but Eni is nonetheless set on pursuing an improvement of at least 2% per annum in coming years as well. In addition to the upstream results already mentioned, this reduction was also made possible by a reduction in the emission intensity of refineries even with an increase in the performance index of EniPower. In 2018, Eni invested about €10 million in energy efficiency projects, which, once in full operation, will yield energy savings of 313 ktoe/year, amounting to a reduction in emissions of around 0.8 million tonnes of CO | 2opportunity
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We have been investing our £200 million corporate ‘green’ loan in ongoing energy security and carbon reduction initiatives such as installing solar panels on our roofs, switching to natural refrigerants and generating green gas using combined heat and power (CHP) plants. We have also partnered with General Electric to install LED lighting in our stores, reducing our lighting energy consumption by around 58 per cent for the stores included in the rollout – a three per cent annual reduction in carbon emissions once the programme is completed. Currently, 17 per cent of our electricity comes from on-site renewables generation and renewable power purchase agreements. | 2opportunity
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Climate change may cause extreme weather events that disrupt operations at one or more of our primary locations, which may negatively affect our ability to service and interact with our clients, and also may adversely affect the value of our investments, including our real estate investments. Climate change may also have a negative impact on the financial condition of our clients, which may decrease revenues from those clients and increase the credit risk associated with loans and other credit exposures to those clients. Additionally, our reputation may be damaged as a result of our involvement, or our clients’ involvement, in certain industries or projects associated with climate change. | 0risk
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This includes storms, flooding, wildfires and water and heat stress which can damage our buildings, jeopardise the safety of our people and significantly disrupt our operations. At present 9% of our headcount are located in countries at “extreme” risk from the physical impacts of climate change in the next 30 years. | 0risk
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There is also increased focus, including by governmental and non-governmental organizations, investors, customers and consumers on these and other environmental sustainability matters, including deforestation, land use, climate impact and recyclability or recoverability of packaging, including plastic. Our reputation can be damaged if we or others in our industry do not act, or are perceived not to act, responsibly with respect to our impact on the environment. | 0risk
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8.2.12. As part of its approach to Responsible Investment, the Trustee considers a range of ESG risks, including corporate governance, human rights, bribery and corruption as well as labour and environmental standards. Of the environmental and social issues that we consider, we believe that climate change presents a material financial risk to the assets held in our portfolios. signed the Global Investor Statements to Governments on Climate Change. | 0risk
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Business as usual, with very limited regulation beyond that existing in 2018. Severe physical climate change impacts build from 2020. This means that consumption increases until 2025 and then starts a gradual but significant decline as systems collapse, supply routes are disrupted and health and safety issues take precedence over discretionary items. | 0risk
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The Group faces many other risks which, although important and subject to regular review, have been assessed as less significant and are not listed here. These include, for example, natural catastrophe and business interruption risks and certain financial risks. A summary of financial risks and their management is provided on page 25. | 0risk
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Megatrend As the world’s population becomes increasingly urbanized, infrastructure development and renewal will be unable to keep up, and major social issues such as housing shortages, traffic paralysis, and air pollution will only worsen. In newly emerging nations, environmental awareness will increase as the economy grows, and investments into environmental measures will proceed at the national and the global levels. | 0risk
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Now, these older coal and gas plants are being shuttered in the UK and being replaced by intermittent renewable energy sources, principally wind. This reduces carbon emissions but makes the provision of these system support services more challenging. Wind, by its nature, is intermittent and, for the most part, unable to provide system support services. | 0risk
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Banks’ financing choices have a major role to play in promoting carbon reduction. Bank lending and investments make up a significant source of external capital for carbon intensive industries. Every rand invested by South African banks in fossil fuel-related assets increases climate risk, renders it harder to achieve a just transition to a low-carbon economy, and exposes those banks to financial, reputational and litigation risks. | 0risk
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Thabametsi and Khanyisa. In its 2017 Environmental and social risk report, the Company said that it was “concerned about climate change and the risks it poses for Africa, clients and their businesses,” but argued that developing nations and financial institutions face a dilemma in terms of balancing climate change against the “need to support economic growth and the energy supply that underpins it”6 FirstRand does not describe how it manages this “dilemma” in its financing decision-making processes. | 0risk
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CLIMATE CHANGE Climate change presents immediate and long-term risks to Citi and to its clients and customers, with the risks potentially increasing over time. Climate risk can arise from physical risks (risks related to the physical effects of climate change) and transition risks (risks related to regulatory, legal, technological and market changes from a transition to a low- carbon economy). | 0risk
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Among the important risks identified in STEP 1, we recognize rising raw material prices due to a decline in the harvest of agricultural materials and increased costs owing to the introduction of a carbon tax, which have a particularly high impact on our businesses. We therefore evaluated this business impact as follows. | 0risk
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Additional climate variables and related environmental stressors are known to affect production but were assessed more broadly due to data and evidence limitations. These parameters include fire, cyclones, sea level rise, pests and diseases. As a result, our modelling of physical climate risk may understate the potential impact of climate change. | 0risk
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Limitations and uncertainties This analysis is based on best available information. However, it is unable to overcome some important limitations and uncertainties. For example, climate change simulations currently have minimal ability to model extreme weather events. Similarly, agricultural impact models need to be further developed to test the bounds at which statistical relationships change. | 1neutral
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The Electricity, Gas and Water Supply sectors show a general downward trend. The discontinuation of a number of high emissions intensive exposures contributed to this result in FY18. Our exposure to renewables increased 33% to $3.7 billion in FY18. A portion of the exposure included projects under construction which are typically initially more emissions intensive than operational renewable electricity assets. | 1neutral
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Scope 3 Data Centres Scope 3 Data Centres Greenhouse Gas Emissions (Australia operations) relate to the electricity and diesel Greenhouse Gas Emissions consumption in our Australian data centres not under our operational control as defined under NGER. CBA has (Australia operations) not had operational control of any data centres since FY18. Source of emissions factors: NGA (2018). | 1neutral
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Importance Global warming is causing major changes to our environment. Climate change looks to be increasing the frequency and intensity of extreme weather events such as heat waves, droughts, floods and tropical cyclones, damaging critical infrastructure and interrupting the provision of basic services such as food, water, sanitation, education, energy and transport. | 0risk
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Physical damage may arise with more frequency due to extreme weather events. This includes damage to equipment such as turbine blades and transmission infrastructure, as well as access roads, which impact operational performance. Risks also include long-term changes to weather patterns causing material change to an asset’s energy yield from that expected at the time of investment. | 0risk
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High physical risk scenario (typically associated with a greater temperature increase) This is a climate change scenario that results in temperature change of greater than 4°C, resulting in extreme weather events which could threaten the successful operation of assets within the portfolio. We assume that under this scenario, renewables buildout lags expectations and energy is not decarbonised to an extent consistent with a lower impact from climate change and that insurance for damages may become unavailable or more expensive. | 0risk
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Finally, prolonged and multiple periods of heatwaves or other consequences of rising temperatures may result in increased mortality and morbidity, thereby impacting our life and income insurance liabilities. Long-term threats are difficult to predict, but at this time, we expect this to have less impact on our life and income insurance liabilities than other risks, such as changes in demographics or pandemics. It should be noted though that whilst pandemic outbreaks can be attributed to a number of interrelated factors, climate change is likely to increase the risks by spreading of disease vectors into areas that formerly did not experience these. | 0risk
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For NN’s residential mortgage portfolio, we analysed physical risks. Physical risks for mortgages in the Netherlands are mainly related to damage caused to properties by flooding events (including surface water flooding caused by heavy rainfall, river flooding, and coastal flooding). These events could either lead to a value decrease of collateral and/or impact on the ability of a houseowner to pay their mortgage. | 0risk
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Since the Industrial Revolution, an increase in energy consumption has heightened the concentrations of greenhouse gases, such as carbon dioxide (CO2), in the atmosphere, and global warming is progressing. If warming continues without taking any effective countermeasures, there will be major changes in the earth's climate. This will cause phenomena such as rising sea levels and abnormal weather patterns, and have a great impact on the living environments of people and other organisms. Abnormal weather patterns will also increase the risk of damage to the business activities of the Mitsui Fudosan Group. | 0risk
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Emission sources not reported This section of the report details the emission sources that we have not reported on and provides the reasons behind our decisions. Only some of the offices we operate directly make use of gas and we have included this in our emissions from combustion of fuel. We do not have distinct data on heat/steam for our other offices as this is most likely embedded in the office service charges that we pay. As a result, we have not currently reported on purchased heat or steam. In future we will devise a methodology to estimate the emissions associated with heating requirements that we are responsible for. | 1neutral
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F rom an investor’s perspective, climate change entails both physical and transition risks, which have an impact on the value of investments. Physical risks are divided into acute and chronic risks, which refer to the challenges that climate change poses to companies and society, such as unexpected damage caused by extreme weather events or the depletion of natural resources in the longer term. Transition risks refer to changes, for example, in regulation, technology and consumer behaviour that the transition to a lower-carbon economy entails. | 0risk
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While we support well-designed carbon pricing, we’re prepared to oppose poorly designed proposals. For example, we opposed the ballot initiative to introduce a carbon fee in Washington State, US in November 2018. We believed that the policy was badly designed and would have harmed Washington’s economy without significantly reducing carbon emissions. The ballot was not passed. | 1neutral
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Laws, regulations, policies, obligations, social attitudes and customer preferences relating to climate change and the transition to a lower carbon economy could have an adverse impact on our business (including increased costs from compliance, litigation, and regulatory or litigation outcomes), and could lead to constraints on production and supply and access to new reserves and a decline in demand for certain products. | 0risk
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Furthermore, similar to upstream PP&E assets discussed above, E&A assets are also potentially exposed to climate change and the global energy transition. A greater number of projects may be expected not to proceed as a consequence of lower forecast future demand, lower appetite by management and the board to allocate capital to certain projects, or increased objections from stakeholders to the development of certain projects. In response, management has updated its internal controls over its IFRS 6 assessment to reflect the potential impact that climate change and the energy transition may have on E&A assets. | 0risk
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During 2018/19 we were informed of plans to carry out a wholesale review of the permitting for biowaste, which is a future challenge for the business. We also face areas of uncertainty about the storage of biosolids and the potential impacts of the Industrial Emissions Directive. These have the potential to impact us significantly. | 0risk
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Physical risks from climate change arise from a number of factors and relate to specific weather events and longer-term shifts in the climate. The nature and timing of extreme weather events are uncertain but they are increasing in frequency and their impact on the economy is predicted to be more acute in the future. The potential impact on the economy includes, but is not limited to, lower GDP growth, higher unemployment and significant changes in asset prices and profitability of industries. Damage to the properties and operations of borrowers could impair asset values and the creditworthiness of customers leading to increased default rates, delinquencies, write-offs and impairment charges in the Barclays Bank Group’s portfolios. In addition, the Barclays Bank Group’s premises and resilience may also suffer physical damage due to weather events leading to increased costs for the Barclays Bank Group. | 0risk
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In addition, the impacts of physical and transition climate risks can lead to second order connected risks, which have the potential to affect the Barclays Bank Group’s retail and wholesale portfolios. The impacts of climate change may increase losses for those sectors sensitive to the effects of physical and transition risks. Any subsequent increase in defaults and rising unemployment could create recessionary pressures, which may lead to wider deterioration in the creditworthiness of the Barclays Bank Group’s clients, higher ECLs, and increased charge-offs and defaults among retail customers. | 0risk
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If the Barclays Bank Group does not adequately embed risks associated with climate change into its risk framework to appropriately measure, manage and disclose the various financial and operational risks it faces as a result of climate change, or fails to adapt its strategy and business model to the changing regulatory requirements and market expectations on a timely basis, it may have a material and adverse impact on the Barclays Bank Group’s level of business growth, competitiveness, profitability, capital requirements, cost of funding, and financial condition. | 0risk
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Scope 1 emissions come mostly from refrigerant leaks and to a lesser extent from stationary combustion in furnaces. Our Scope 3 emissions result primarily from the production of goods for sale, transportation of products, and waste generated in our operations. We use the GHG Protocol’s Corporate Value Chain methodology (Scope 3) to determine our reporting category. | 1neutral
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Investors are seeking a better understanding of how climate change may impact the company’s business over the short, medium and long term. They also want to know about the company’s planned response, including how it may need to change its strategy. However, according to EY’s July 2020 report ‘How will ESG performance shape your future?’, based on a global institutional investor survey, companies are failing to meet investors’ expectations on environmental, social and governance factors when compared with 2018. | 1neutral
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Growing concerns over air quality, road safety, sustainability and urban congestion, among consumers and society at large, are driving the regulations and policies for motor vehicles and urban development. These will impact choice of fuel, ownership patterns and will have a signicant impact on the future of the automotive industry. | 0risk
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Unfortunately, this progress has come at a cost. Carbon emissions have tripled since 1960. We are now consuming about 1.75 times as many natural resources in a year as the planet can possibly regenerate – which is driving land and biodiversity loss, resource shortages and climate change. This is not sustainable, especially with the global population forecast to increase by a further 50% this century. And although people are living longer, they’re not always healthier or happier: there’s been an increase in chronic disease, while mental health issues are also on the rise. | 0risk
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Physical risk Physical risks can be acute or chronic. Acute physical risk is caused by extreme weather events such as cyclones and wildfires. Chronic physical risk arises from longer-term shifts in climate patterns such as rising sea levels with time horizon typically spanning decades. Physical risk can result in financial losses due to direct damage to assets and indirect impact from supply chain disruption. | 0risk
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Scope 2 greenhouse gas emissions Indirect emissions resulting from the generation of grid electricity, heat or steam by an outside organisation, such as an electricity provider, but which is utilised by the reporting organisation. Scope 3 greenhouse gas emissions All other indirect emissions which occur at sources the organisation neither owns nor controls. Scope 3 emissions can result from business travel in non-company vehicles, especially commercial planes; employees commuting in non-company vehicles, as well as the activities of suppliers, customers and contractors. | 1neutral
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The risk of credit loss or non-financial risks, such as reputational damage, arising from environmental, social and governance (ESG) issues, including climate change. While a key component of ESG risk arises indirectly from the financial services we provide to our customers, it can also result directly from our own operations. | 0risk
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Initial insights The majority of the residential properties in our portfolio have a very low probability of experiencing damage from flooding or drought in the next 30 years. A relatively small number of properties, however, have a high probability of experiencing damage from flooding or drought in that period. Therefore, the impact on an individual household may be significant, even more so if the quality of the property is already low or the household’s response capacity is low (e.g. insufficient wealth or mortgage headroom). Nevertheless this initial analysis does not suggest a significant impact at either a portfolio or bank level. | 0risk
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In July 2019, NGO Friends of the Earth Netherlands and its Indonesia and Liberia affiliates notified the Dutch NCP that ING may be in breach of the OECD Guidelines by financing palm oil-related activities. In its initial assessment published January 2020, the NCP did not express an opinion on either the accuracy of the allegations made by the NGOs or the response provided by ING. | 1neutral
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