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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%2030%20Rock%20characters

List of 30 Rock characters

30 Rock is an American television comedy series created by Tina Fey, which aired on NBC. The series takes place behind the scenes of a fictional live sketch comedy series, also airing on NBC; the name "30 Rock" refers to the address of the GE Building, where NBC Studios is located (30 Rockefeller Plaza). The series has an ensemble cast consisting of 14 regular cast members: Tina Fey, Alec Baldwin, Tracy Morgan, Jane Krakowski, Jack McBrayer, Scott Adsit, Judah Friedlander, Katrina Bowden, Keith Powell, Lonny Ross, John Lutz, Kevin Brown, Grizz Chapman, and Maulik Pancholy. Main characters The seven main cast members appear during the opening credits, while later additions receive star billing after the credits. Main character appearance summary Liz Lemon Elizabeth Miervaldis "Liz" Lemon (Tina Fey), the series' protagonist, is head writer of TGS with Tracy Jordan. Jack Donaghy calls her a "New York third-wave feminist, college-educated, single-and-pretending-to-be-happy-about-it, over-scheduled, undersexed, you buy any magazine that says 'healthy body image' on the cover and every two years you take up knitting for... a week" person. Lemon is a Star Wars fan and is portrayed as a "geek." She also lacks certain social skills and is a stress eater, particularly ingesting junk food. She is generally shown to have liberal political views. Despite her high standards in men, personified in her imaginary perfect husband, Astronaut Mike Dexter, Lemon has had some "really terrible boyfriends", but eventually finds happiness with Criss Chross, with whom she adopts two children. Tracy Jordan Tracy Jordan (Tracy Morgan) is the loose-cannon star of TGS. He is a movie star with a reputation for erratic behavior. This reputation is well-deserved; much of it is an intentional attempt on his part to maintain his "crazy" persona in the eyes of the media. In the pilot episode, Jack Donaghy forces Liz Lemon to hire Tracy as the new star of her sketch comedy program The Girlie Show. To the chagrin of Liz and Jenna, Jack renames the show TGS with Tracy Jordan in the following episode. Tracy has remained the star of TGS ever since. Jenna Maroney Jenna Maroney (Jane Krakowski) is the histrionic costar of TGS and Liz's best friend and former roommate. Though a talented singer, she is often shown as being extremely insecure about herself. A recurring motif in the show is Jenna's pursuit of fame through some ill-advised project ending up in public humiliation from which she never learns. She is a self-described "soul-sucking monster". Off-camera she is comically conceited, frequently lying about her age and attempts, but fails, to use her sexuality to manipulate men (almost always to disastrous effect). Kenneth Parcell Kenneth Ellen Parcell (Jack McBrayer) is a cheerful, obedient Southern-born NBC page who "lives for television". In the early episodes, Kenneth seemed unfamiliar with some of Liz's staff (and Liz herself). In the pilot, Liz refers to Kenneth as "that NBC page". As the series progressed, his character became familiar with the other staff of TGS (including Jack Donaghy). Kenneth acts as Tracy Jordan's personal assistant (for instance, getting Tracy nachos from Yankee Stadium); he is a member of Tracy's entourage and becomes close to Tracy, Grizz, and Dot Com. By the end of the series, he ends up as the president of NBC. It is revealed several times over the course of the show that not only may Kenneth not sleep, be immortal, and possibly be a clone, but also as stated by his mother (portrayed by Catherine O'Hara) that at the time of his birth he said to her, "Mama, I am not a person. My body is just a flesh vessel for an immortal being whose name, if you heard it, would make you lose your mind." Pete Hornberger Peter "Pete" Hornberger (Scott Adsit) is the producer of TGS, who often serves as a straight man to the other characters. He works closely with and serves as a trusted friend to Liz, whom, as stated in "Blind Date", he has known for ten years. In early seasons, Pete is Liz's closest friend at work and the only one she can rely on. Much like Liz, Pete generally plays straight man to the other characters, especially to Liz when she is temporarily pushed over the edge. Prior to his work on TGS, Pete was a skilled archer qualified to compete in the 1980 Summer Olympics, but lost his chance when President Carter decided to boycott the Moscow Games. Four years later, a case of "the yips" led him to botch his chance at making the 1984 Olympics in Los Angeles. He was a member of the band Loverboy during his teenage years and his father was a member of the United States Congress. Pete is married to Paula, with whom he has four sons and a daughter; her back-to-back pregnancies forced him to drop out of college twice. Aside from a brief scene in the pilot where Pete appears at home with one of his sons, the members of his family were unseen characters until the episode "Greenzo". In one episode, Pete reveals that he is afraid of his son Kyle, who is apparently very strong and, in "Black Tie", he spoke with his son Kaleb over the telephone, pretending to be popular fictional character Elmo, in order to encourage his son to "aim your pee-pee at the potty." In "Greenzo", Liz mentions he has three sons named Robert and Jack, and an unnamed one referred to as "that creepy little one who's always rubbing himself on the carpet". In the episode "Anna Howard Shaw Day", his daughter Evelyn is selling cookies for a school fundraiser. His wife, Paula, is implied to have a rather overbearing personality and Pete often goes to great lengths to make her happy, as in "Up All Night" when he realized that it was Valentine's Day, which also happens to be his wife's birthday. Pete also passed when one of Tracy's entourage expressed interest in him during that episode, showing that he may not always be happy in his marriage but he remains faithful. In the episode "Tracy Does Conan", Pete stated that his wife wishes he was not bald and, in "Black Tie", Pete mentions that they were married in a botanical garden. He lied to his wife about getting a vasectomy, but, as of "The Fighting Irish", she's getting suspicious. Therefore, Pete has asked Liz for the keys to her apartment for "my own safety." He is still living with Liz as of "Greenzo." However, Liz finds out that Pete and Paula are having an "affair" where they sneak around and use her apartment for trysts that include silk scarves and Pop-Tarts; Pete tells her that he and his wife got pregnant almost immediately after they began dating and have never had an exciting romantic/sexual life because of that, so they have found this way to spark their marriage. With his role of Liz's confidant increasingly filled by Jack Donaghy, Pete played increasingly reduced roles as the series continued, although his marital woes and inability to catch a break were increasingly mined for humor. Jack pities Pete for his aimlessness and unattractive appearance, and occasionally attempts to boost his confidence, beginning by convincing him to wear a wig for a week in "Tracy Does Conan." In "Nothing Left to Lose", Jack is shocked to find out that Pete's only ambition is to remain in his current job. Jack attempts to help Pete by having him make adjustments to his lifestyle, including shaving off what remains of his hair. Unfortunately, it is revealed that his ring of hair was hiding an obscene birthmark that Jack describes as "a swastika made of penises", leading him to be beaten in the street and forced to wear another wig. When TGS is canceled in "Last Lunch", Pete implies repeatedly he is planning to fake his death and escape from his life and family. He succeeds in doing so, setting up a new identity under the name "Dan Silversmith" in Hickory, North Carolina, but is tracked down a year later by his wife and meekly returns to his previous existence. Frank Rossitano Francis "Frank" Rossitano (Judah Friedlander; Fred Armisen in select scenes of "Live from Studio 6H") is a writer at TGS of Sicilian descent. After Liz, Frank is the most prominently-featured and prolific writer of the show-within-a-show. Frank is habitually slovenly and childish; he lives with his mother and is an aficionado of video games, comic books and figurines, and pornography. He wears a variety of trucker hats with humorous phrases (which Friedlander also wears in real life) and large, thick-lensed glasses. Frank delivers most lines in a deadpan style, and is often shown to be something of a perverse character with an obvious interest in the opposite gender (although in one episode Frank questions his sexuality after meeting a physically attractive man named Jamie), Frank appears to have an understanding of popular culture and sometimes displays surprising amounts of intelligence. Frank is allergic to peanuts. In "Audition Day", it is revealed that (as Friedlander is in real life) he is a standup comedian. Friedlander said he made the hats for his character himself, using phrases he invented; in "Jackie Jormp-Jomp", when Liz is suspended from work, one of her final requests before being forced out of the building was to know what Frank's hat said. Frank first started wearing the hats at age 14; his eighth-grade class photo shows him in a hat reading "My First Hat". Frank was raised largely in Queens by his mother, Sylvia, after his father, a lawyer for the mafia, went into the Witness Protection Program. Sylvia's fear for her son led him to leave law school at her insistence and enter comedy. In "Goodbye, My Friend", Jack Donaghy learns of Frank's legal aspirations and offers him a scholarship to Columbia University Law School, but reneges on his offer after Sylvia warns him of the danger in which a law career would place Frank due to his family's mafia connections. Frank pursues women frequently, usually older, psychologically damaged, or physically unattractive women he considers "low-hanging fruit," though it is hinted in the episode "Jackie Jormp-Jomp" that he and Cerie had a secret relationship. The great love of Frank's life occurred at the age of 14, where he had an affair with his middle-school teacher, Lynn Onkman, who fell in love with him during his scoliosis test. She was sent to prison for the offense, but he remained in love with her and after her release ("Queen of Jordan"), they reconciled and began a relationship despite the objections of everyone else. Jack Donaghy John Francis "Jack" Donaghy (Alec Baldwin) is the decisive, controlling, suave network executive who must deal with (and/or causes) unusual events at TGS. He is an Irish-Catholic and a Republican who has suppressed his Boston accent. Donaghy is portrayed as a slick, brilliant and scrupulous network executive who directs many overtly backhanded compliments to Liz. Lemon (as he refers to her) and Donaghy have a work spouse relationship and were briefly technically married owing to a translation issue at his second wedding. Jack was married two times (and engaged two other times), and with his second wife, television reporter Avery Jessup, he has a daughter, Elizabeth "Liddy" Donaghy, named after Liz Lemon. Avery and Jack were divorced after her return from North Korea (where she was held hostage by Kim Jong Il) when they admit they only married because of Avery's pregnancy. Shortly after becoming the CEO of Kabletown, Jack suffered an emotional crisis and resigned, only to return to General Electric. Cerie Cerie (Katrina Bowden) is Liz's young, beautiful, laid-back assistant. Cerie is named after an actual person who was Lorne Michaels’ assistant at SNL. Though her last name is never stated on the show, she is an heiress from the Xerox family. She is the object of intense desire from the male writers of TGS because of her beauty and sometimes revealing clothing. As Liz’s assistant, her excessively youthful naïveté causes her to often misinterpret Liz's instructions to humorous effect and frequently believing Liz is significantly older than she actually is. Despite her clueless demeanor, Cerie has also shown great intellect on multiple occasions. She frequently receives drunken phone messages, and she states that she does not think that they are cute, even when they are from Liz. In "Jack the Writer", she says that, career-size, she doesn’t actually want to work in television; rather, she plans to "marry rich and design handbags." She is also in a band that has performed on Letterman. Contractually, she can only hold beautiful black babies in Benetton advertisements. In "The Baby Show", Cerie becomes engaged to a wealthy man named Aris, after five weeks of dating. When Liz tells Cerie that she may be rushing into marriage, Cerie replies that she would only be able to be a "young hot mom" for a limited time, and that she didn't want to be "like... 50" when her children graduate from high school. If their first child is a girl, possible names include "Bookcase", "Sandstorm", and "Hat", though Cerie thinks "Hat" is "more of a boy's name". In "Up All Night", she stated that she and Aris were fighting because he wants a Greek Orthodox wedding and she disagrees with the Church's stance on Cyprus; soon after, he is kidnapped by Somali pirates. Cerie and Aris finally marry three seasons later in "I Do Do". Cerie’s bridesmaids were Liz, Jenna, Andy Roddick’s wife, Cerie’s Dutch cousins, and Penelope Cruz’s hotter sister Monica. In "Secret Santa", Cerie tells Jack Donaghy and Liz Lemon that her mother was born in 1976. This probably means that Cerie's mother was a teen mom when Cerie was born. However, in a previous episode, Cerie said that her mother is 38 years old. Cerie states in "A Goon's Deed in a Weary World" that she quit years earlier, but inexplicably kept coming to work. She joins the rest of the TGS crew and cast on-stage, to resign personally to the Kabletown board of directors, in order to prevent the show from being recommissioned and thus enable Liz to devote her time to her newly adopted children. She sticks around to pack up the TGS writers' room, and orders both the writers' would-be last lunch which Liz dictates, and its replacement decreed by Lutz. ("Hogcock!", "Last Lunch") Jenna is intimidated by Cerie's youth. When seeing Cerie propping her feet up on her desk without her shoes in "Greenzo", Jenna assumes bare feet are "in" and pads around shoeless in the hope of appearing young and hip. Immediately upon arriving at LAX to start her post-TGS film career in "Hogcock!", Jenna sees nothing but beautiful 20-something women and is approached by Cerie's look-alike who addresses her as "Ma'am" and asks if she needs a wheelchair to baggage claim. Toofer Spurlock James "Toofer" Spurlock (Keith Powell) is a proud African-American Harvard University alumnus, Harvard Krokodiloes alumnus, and TGS writer, who often disagrees with Tracy and Frank (although he and Frank often socialize with Lutz). He detests the stereotypical aspects of black culture he believes are embodied by Tracy Jordan, and he serves as a foil to Tracy, who (like the majority of the TGS staff) finds him pretentious. According to Liz, Toofer is "afraid of black people" and he is disappointed when he is set up on a date with a black woman. Despite this, he claims tremendous pride in his black heritage and identity, showing off a photo of an ancestor who was an officer in the Civil War; later, he discovers the man actually fought for the Confederacy. According to Jack, his nickname is "Toofer" because "with him you get a two-for-one; he's a black guy and a Harvard guy". Frank (with whom he shares an office) called him a "black nerd" à la Steve Urkel. It was revealed in "Lee Marvin vs. Derek Jeter" that Toofer was only hired because of affirmative action; he quits in anger, before he agrees to return. He insisted that in order to return, his fellow writers must stop calling him Toofer, but he relented when they suggested worse nicknames. Pete's suggestion of "Threefer, because you're also gay," is the first time that Toofer's sexuality is officially called into question, though Liz had previously insulted him, saying "Look, it's Sherlock Homo here to solve the case of the gay sweater." Toofer also agrees that he can get the group through "black-, gay-, and nerd-controlled areas". However, in some episodes, like "The Pilot", "TGS Hates Women", "Anna Howard Shaw Day", and "Up All Night", Toofer has shown an attraction to women. The character's name was inspired by series writer Robert Carlock. Josh Girard Josh Girard (Lonny Ross) was the male star of TGS before Tracy was hired. Liz found him while he was opening for a puppet. He, Tracy, and Jenna Maroney are the three main actors on the show-within-a-show from Seasons 1 through 3. His character has been compared to SNL alumnus Jimmy Fallon. Josh is frequently seen in the writer's room, and appears to be the only member of the TGS cast who also works as a writer for the show. Often referred to as being a "kid", Josh is described in dialogue in a way that implies he is young, guileless, and unintelligent. He is indeed typically portrayed as lacking smarts and is often shown doing things that are considered juvenile. Most of Josh's work on the show seems to be as an impressionist; he has performed impressions of Ray Romano, Michael Jackson, Stone Phillips, Jay Leno, Elizabeth Taylor, George W. Bush,Christopher Walken and Jerry Seinfeld. His impressions have raised eyebrows from people who are not impressed, like Elizabeth Taylor (played by Rachel Dratch), who knocked him out with an extinguisher and leaving him severely concussed after he did a sketch that offended her in which he impersonated the actress. Original characters that he plays on the show include "Dr. Ridiculous", a Chinese man named Mr. Wang, and Gaybraham Lincoln. In "The Baby Show", Tracy got mad at Josh for impersonating him, claiming that Josh was turning him into a caricature. In "Hard Ball", it is implied that Josh is Jewish, and in a carry-over during "Ludachristmas", from the "Secret Rodney" ads that were running, Kenneth says "Merry Jewish" to Josh when passing out gifts. He, Frank, and Toofer are often observed fooling around and admiring Cerie. In the episode "The Break-Up", Josh states that his parents raised him as a girl for 10 years. Jack Donaghy mentions in the show's second episode that Josh had a 760 SAT score and graduated from SUNY Cortland. In "Hard Ball", Josh's agent Alan Steiner is introduced. In sharp contrast to Josh, Steiner was portrayed as slick and cunning. Steiner uses unnecessary abbreviations and has a "really bad sex addiction." In "The Rural Juror", Josh snuck into Liz's office to get her copy of The Rural Juror and quickly dislikes it upon seeing the title ("Well, this is disappointing...I had to let Tony [the security guard] watch me pee to get that tape"). He does not appear in season three until the 13th episode, "Goodbye, My Friend". In "Season 4", Josh gets fed up with everyone's poor treatment of him and quits TGS. He then winds up auditioning again in "Audition Day", but he gets rejected; Danny Baker replaces him in the main TGS cast. Lonny Ross was written out of the series in season four. He appears via a flashback to a raunchy TGS sketch with Tracy in the series finale. Dot Com Walter "Dot Com" Slattery (Kevin Brown) is a member of Tracy's entourage. Another recurring character during the first two seasons, he is also credited as a series regular during seasons three and four. Dot Com is Tracy's driver and cook; in "Hard Ball", his and Grizz's last names are revealed. Dot Com is erudite and intellectual; he is a 1993 graduate of Wesleyan University, aspires to screenwriting, and hints at successful entrepreneurial ventures. He credits a former campaign of his for a city council seat as having "raised the level of discourse in this city", even though he lost the election. Dot Com once portrayed Boris Alexeyevich Trigorin in Anton Chekhov's The Seagull, a role which Tracy praised, saying he saw Walter "become" Trigorin. Dot Com and Grizz are old friends, having met at a "summer camp for giants" ("Argus"). Like Tracy, Walter grew up in the South Bronx, though without experiencing poverty ("I wanted for nothing as a child, but that brings its own challenges," he notes, with Tracy responding "Shut up, Dot Com!"). Dot Com often serves as the voice of sanity within the series, and finds himself ignored with mounting frustration. During seasons 3 and 4, it is revealed that he is in love with Grizz's fiancée, Feyoncé, with whom he is implied to have had an affair. With the cancellation of TGS, Dot Com develops Grizz's sitcom, Grizz & Herz. He is soon joined behind the camera by Liz Lemon ("Last Lunch"). Grizz Warren "Grizz" Griswold (Grizz Chapman) is another member of Tracy's entourage. A recurring character during the first two seasons, he is credited as a series regular in seasons three and four. Grizz is the most physically imposing member of Tracy's entourage and the cast; referencing their long friendship in "Argus", Tracy tells him "I've known you since you were six feet tall!" Within the entourage, Grizz is charged with "sitting on" Tracy when he is overstimulated, in addition to a very fluid list of other responsibilities. In "Kidney Now!" it is revealed that Tracy and Grizz attended high school together. Grizz was apparently Tracy's financial manager, and he blames Worldcom for Tracy's financial problems that led to him joining the cast; in season 5 he was suggested to be Tracy and Adam West's talent manager. Despite his calm demeanor, Grizz is shown to be a romantic and deeply emotional man. "Sexual history" between Grizz and Liz Lemon (whom he alone addresses as 'Beth') is referred to in several episodes. A drunken Liz came onto him at Kenneth's party in "Greenzo", which traumatised him. Despite their history, he cajoles her into serving as his "woman of honor" (i.e., female best man) in his wedding to his fiancée, Feyoncé. Grizz reads George R. R. Martin's A Song of Ice and Fire and expressed shock at a climactic moment toward the end of A Game of Thrones. With the cancellation of TGS, Grizz remains at NBC. He is cast as the lead in a fish-out-of-water situation comedy developed by Dot Com, Grizz & Herz, in which his character runs an inn in Santa Fe, New Mexico. Liz eventually follows the duo, taking a behind-the-camera position and occasionally bringing her adopted children to work. ("Last Lunch") Jonathan Jonathan (Maulik Pancholy) is Jack's assistant. Jonathan harbours a desperate crush on Jack. His obsessive admiration of his boss is coupled with disdain towards Liz, whom he considers unworthy of Jack's attention. In the episode "Believe in the Stars", Jack reveals he only hired him because he was heavily medicated on Comanaprosil and he mistook Jonathan for M. Night Shyamalan. In season 4, episode 11 ("Winter Madness") it is revealed that Jonathan is of Indian descent, and in episode 18 ("Khonani") he addresses the janitor Khonani in Hindi. Elsewhere, he mentions meeting his "birth parents", revealing he is adopted, and when in the season-five episode "Let's Stay Together", when Jack asks Jonathan to provide a distraction by pretending to be a stereotypical Indian and faking an Indian accent, Jonathan objects, "But I'm from Palo Alto!" Jonathan has repeatedly made highly racist comments about people from Indian Kashmir ("Khonani", verbally assaulting a Kashmiri janitor, and even hoping for a natural disaster to devastate them, asking for divine intervention that would "strike them from the sky". "Operation Righteous Cowboy Lightning"). As a Christmas gift one year, Jack secured the release of Jonathan's sister from a North Korean prison. Jack's wife Avery was later kidnapped to North Korea herself. Liz once caught Jonathan wearing a wedding dress and dancing with one of Jack's suits. ("Hogcock!") Jonathan retains his position when Jack is replaced by Kathy Geiss, and is heartbroken by Jack's departure. He stays on as Jack's assistant when Jack is reinstated and keeps the same office despite Jack's promotion to chairman of NBC. Jack fires Jonathan in "Cutbacks", but he reappears as Jack's assistant three episodes later without explanation. He relocates with Jack to a suite upstairs when the latter is appointed chairman of Kabletown and eschews the company's Philadelphia headquarters in favor of remaining in the G.E. Building. ("Hogcock!" / "Last Lunch") Jonathan is off-camera throughout the show's sixth season, something that the characters appear not to notice. His disappearance was due to actor Pancholy's co-starring role on another NBC sitcom, Whitney. Pancholy exists within the 30 Rock universe independently of Jonathan, being mentioned by Jack in "The Ballad of Kenneth Parcell" during that period; Alec Baldwin likewise exists independently of Jack who mentions the actor in "Hogcock!" Jonathan returns in season seven, stating that he was away looking after his sick grandmother. ("The Beginning of the End") Lutz Johnny "J. D." Lutz (John Lutz) is a lazy, overweight TGS writer who is often ridiculed by the rest of the staff. When characters enter the room they sometimes yell, "Shut up, Lutz!" even if Lutz was not speaking at the time. The other characters are unconcerned about his well-being; when Lutz ran headfirst into a wall in "The Ones", no one helped him until a wall-mounted television fell on him, and even then, Pete (the producer) tells the writers, who instigated the incident, "I hope you've learned your lesson. Because of what you did, we almost lost a monitor." Lutz is originally from Alaska (which he hates), and claims to be part Inuit. His first two initials were mentioned in "The Aftermath", in which it was also revealed that he has a thyroid problem. The J is revealed to stand for Johnny (or John) in "The Moms". He attended Oberlin College; after his junior year, he traveled to South by Southwest (a film, interactive, and music festival in Austin, Texas). The show implies that he is a gay man in the process of coming out, although everyone ignores (or forgets) this due to their dislike of him. Lutz periodically mentions a girlfriend who lives in Canada, named Karen. No one believes him; therefore, Lutz created a website (JDLutz.com/karen/proof—an actual page on the 30 Rock website). He finally identifies himself as bisexual while shouting at his fellow writers on their last day of work in "Last Lunch". It is also mentioned during season six that Kellan Lutz from the Twilight series is his grandnephew, and while everyone thinks this is another one of his lies, Kellan actually does show up in Season 7 to hang out with his relative (and to try and tape a pro-Obama skit for TGS). In the series finale, Lutz finally takes revenge on the writing staff after seven years of ridicule by insisting that their final free lunch will be ordered from Blimpies, going to absurd lengths to ensure his victory, including legally changing his name to Johnny Aardvark so he will be first alphabetically. Lutz's mother is portrayed by John Lutz in drag in "The Moms"; however, this may just be the character Lutz impersonating his own mother, since they are not seen together. Recurring GE/NBC/Kabletown employees Danny Baker Jack "Danny" Baker (Cheyenne Jackson) is hired as a new TGS cast member in the fourth season. Danny is originally from Ottawa, and after starring in a movie about Canadian Football, came to New York and became a robotic street performer. He first appears in the episode "Audition Day" (played by actor/dancer Daniel Genalo). On his first day of work (without his silver clothes and makeup), Jack Donaghy renames him "Danny" rather than to have two Jacks. Later that day, he accurately speculates to an incredulous Tracy and Jenna that Kenneth could be running the network in the future. Danny had a brief fling with his boss, Liz Lemon, which annoyed Jack. Ironically, it was Jack's example that inspired Liz to "take her reward" with her employee in the first place. Assuming that Danny's real name of Jack is a diminutive of Jon or John, he is in keeping with Liz's tendency to date men who share names with celebrities and fictional characters: Jon Baker, the CHiPs character portrayed by Liz's childhood crush, Larry Wilcox. Indeed, Danny was even in-costume as Wilcox/Baker during one of their assignations. Jack persuaded Danny to end the affair by telling Danny that he (Jack) was in love with Liz. Danny is earnest, good-natured, and a talented singer. He defers to Jenna when his singing talent makes her jealous, to the point of deliberately singing badly during a Christmas special so she can step in and shine. He mentions that he has a hard time recognizing sarcasm because "Canada has a small Jewish population", and was shocked to discover he was adopted despite his mother being Japanese. Danny doesn't appear in much of the sixth season until he returns in the episode "Live from Studio 6H", in which he reveals that he has been locked in a prison in Singapore due to the discovery of a suspicious package he was possessing, which happened to have been given to him by Jenna. He makes his final appearance in "There's No I in America", when he asks Liz to help him from getting deported back to Canada, but Liz ignores his problem. Appears In: "The Problem Solvers", "Secret Santa", "Black Light Attack!", "Winter Madness", "Floyd", "The Moms", "Live Show", "Mrs. Donaghy", "100", "Live from Studio 6H", "There's No I in America" Don Geiss Don Geiss ( ; Rip Torn) is CEO of General Electric (GE) on the show, and Jack's boss. Jack considers Geiss his mentor, and idolizes him. Geiss has a mentally challenged daughter (Kathy), an effeminate son (Bertram, 'Daddy's Fancy Boy'), a secret second family in Canada (a reference to Torn's role in Eulogy) and a third (secret) attic family. In "Future Husband" Geiss dies, but (real-world) former GE chairman Jack Welch keeps his death a secret while GE negotiates a takeover with the (fictional) Philadelphia-based cable company Kabletown (which is based on Comcast). Geiss is cryogenically frozen in carbonite in an Episcopal service. Appears In: "The C Word", "Corporate Crush", "Jack Gets in the Game", "Succession", "Sandwich Day", "Reunion", "Larry King" Kathy Geiss Kathy Geiss (Marceline Hugot) is Don Geiss' daughter. She is a strange middle-aged woman and appears to suffer from rosacea. Kathy likes unicorns, Mark Wahlberg and soap operas. She may possibly be neurodivergent, sometimes harms herself and is oblivious to fiancé Devon Banks' homosexuality and contempt for her. She has been seen putting pocket watches and toy race cars in her mouth and eating flowers. She rarely speaks, very occasionally saying single words (such as "kiss kiss kiss" in "Do-Over"), but is a highly gifted singer and musician, once performing a beautiful rendition of "I Dreamed a Dream", in a send-up of the Susan Boyle performance. She later performed "Ave Maria" as a trumpet solo. When her father was in a coma, Kathy held the titles of chairman and CEO of GE and President of East Coast Television and Microwave Oven Programming. In truth, Kathy was only a figurehead, while her fiancé, Devon Banks, ran the company from behind the scenes. Her appearance in "Idiots Are People Three!" suggests that she has taken over GE after her father's death. Also in "Idiots Are People Three!", it is revealed that she has invented a "calming box" specifically for elderly people. She later agrees with Jack and Devon to give money to a hospital in exchange that NBC's new mascot be "Majellica the Unicorn". Her invention of the hug machine (to hug the elderly) is then revealed to be defective and it's implied an old woman was crushed to death. Appears In: "Jack Gets in the Game", "Succession", "Sandwich Day", "Do-Over", "Reunion", "Audition Day", "Don Geiss, America and Hope", "Argus", "Idiots Are People Three!", "Hogcock!" Devon Banks Devon Banks (Will Arnett) is the former Vice President of West Coast News, Web Content, and Theme Park Talent Relations for NBC, and Jack Donaghy's primary nemesis. In a 2008 interview with Fortune magazine, Tina Fey said that Banks' character was based on former co-chairman of NBC Entertainment Ben Silverman. Devon is the nemesis of the (older) Jack Donaghy; he is first seen in "Fireworks", when his surprise visit from Los Angeles leads Jack to believe that he is trying to take Jack's job as Vice President of East Coast Television and Microwave Oven Programming. Devon is gay, but for a point, was closeted as he becomes engaged to Kathy Geiss in order to get ahead in the company. Devon lusts after Kenneth Parcell and uses his status as a former NBC page himself to ingratiate himself with Kenneth. Jack, however, uses Kenneth as a honey trap to spy on and distract Devon. After the events of "Do-Over", he leaves Kathy and winds up showing up again in "Into the Crevasse" working for the Obama administration, and attempts to make Jack take government bail-out money, which Jack eventually does with reluctance. He appears again in Season 5's "Plan B", married and the father of three "gaybies," whom he and his partner Cashmere had via a surrogate mother. He briefly attempts to compete with Jack for the CEO position of Kabletown, but learns to treasure family more, and officially admits defeat to Jack. He returns in "Idiots Are People Three!" and manipulates Jack into using his connections to get his children into an elite preschool, but his joy that Jack won't be able to do that for his own daughter vanishes as Jack smugly notes that Liddy is already brilliant and doesn't need any outside help. Banks appears again in Season 7's "Game Over" as part of Kaylie Hooper's ploy to wrangle control of Kabletown away from Jack. Appears In: "Fireworks", "Jack Gets in the Game", "Succession", "Do-Over", "Into the Crevasse, "Dealbreakers Talk Show #0001", "Plan B", "Idiots Are People Three!", "Game Over" Hank Hooper Hank Hooper (Ken Howard), an all-American family man and Vietnam War veteran, is head of Kabletown. He is often angered by Jack's handling of TGS, but paradoxically always seems happy on the surface (laughing incessantly, while directing thinly veiled insults and threats to Jack and his staff). After his own children were ruined by trust fund syndrome, he expected to be succeeded by his granddaughter, Kaylie Hooper, who quickly becomes Jack's new rival. He is loosely based on the similarly alliteratively-named founder of Comcast, Ralph J. Roberts; Comcast is sometimes said to be run as a "family business.". Appears In: "¡Qué Sorpresa!", "Plan B", "100", "The Ballad of Kenneth Parcell", "Standards and Practices", "The Shower Principle", "Game Over", "Florida". Subhas Subhas (Subhas Ramsaywack) is the head janitor at 30 Rockefeller Plaza. He is an Indian immigrant and is married to Ann Curry. Subhas is central to the plot in the Season 4 episode "Khonani" parodying the feud between late-night television hosts Conan O'Brien (who appeared on two 30 Rock episodes) and Jay Leno. In 2005, Jack Donaghy had signed a contract with Subhas' rival Indian janitor, Khonani, to take over the 11:30 p.m. janitorial shift from Subhas in five years' time. In "Khonani", it's 2010 and Jack informs Subhas the deal is taking effect. After Subhas objects, Jack agrees to move him to 10:00 p.m. Khonani however then protests to Jack that there is no trash for him to pick up at 11:30 because Subhas has already collected it. Ultimately, Subhas returns to 11:30 and Khonani leaves NBC for "Fox [cough] -woods ... Foxwoods Resort Casino" (as it was predicted O'Brien would take his show to Fox before ultimately moving to TBS). Appears In: "Into the Crevasse", "Secret Santa", "Khonani", "Gentleman's Intermission", "¡Qué Sorpresa!", "TGS Hates Women", "I Heart Connecticut", "100", "Idiots Are People Two!", "Idiots Are People Three!", "Kidnapped by Danger", "Florida", "A Goon's Deed in a Weary World". Kaylie Hooper Kaylie Hooper (Chloë Grace Moretz) is the granddaughter of Hank Hooper, who is in competition with Jack to take over her grandfather's role as CEO of Kabletown. First introduced in "TGS Hates Women", she has twice used typical teenage girl antics to try to cover up her schemes to bring down Jack. Initially, she pretended to be interested in oceanography and later threatened to destroy Jack if he interfered with her future at Kabletown. Later on, she deliberately sabotaged an NBC reality show with singing kids as part of a convoluted plot to make sure Jack got her expelled from a private school she hated, thus landing her a spot at a school in Manhattan with her NYU student boyfriend—but Jack got the last laugh, as he ruined her dreams of playing lacrosse there and she couldn't pretend he hadn't won that round. Kaylie returns in "Game Over", still wanting to be CEO of Kabletown. In this episode, it is apparently revealed that she is not Hank's granddaughter and Jack plans to expose her. In reality, she is Hank's granddaughter and that she deliberately set up Jack to try to make him send her DNA to Hank when he actually sent him someone else's DNA, using Devon as a pawn in her plan. However, Jack revealed that he never sent Hank her DNA but instead a birthday card for Hank, something that Hank is very passionate about and something that Kaylie did not do due to being distracted by Jack throughout the whole week, sealing Jack's fate as Kabletown CEO and Kaylie's ultimate downfall. Appears In: "TGS Hates Women", "Standards and Practices", "Game Over". Howard Jorgensen Howard Jorgensen (Brian Stack) is Vice President of Locomotives at GE and a member of the board of directors. A former protégé of Jack's, he is married to a Filipina woman, has two children and owns a house with a pool. Jack has stated that people use Jorgensen as a scapegoat. Appears In: "Jack Meets Dennis", "Succession", "Larry King" Donny Lawson Donny Lawson (Paul Scheer) is the head page at 30 Rockefeller Plaza, known for his weak one-liners and bizarre hand gestures. He despises Kenneth for his cheerfulness, and wants to transfer him to the CNBC studios in Paramus. Donny was introduced on the series when Jenna tries to find a replacement jacket for Kenneth; Donny uses this as an excuse to give Kenneth a demerit. He challenges him to a "page-off" (a strange contest, mixing physical stamina with NBC trivia) which is quickly broken up by Pete, who orders Donny to give Kenneth a new jacket. Appears In: "Rosemary's Baby", "Cooter" Jeffrey Weinerslav Jeffrey Weinerslav (Todd Buonopane) (pronounced "weener-slave") works for GE human resources. He tried to mediate a dispute between Jenna and Tracy, but failed. Weinerslav is a self-described "overweight transgender". He counseled Liz during her forced leave for sexual harassment (which she attempted to extend by making a pass at him). He later counsels Jack and Liz when they briefly get married due to a clerical error. Appears In: "Believe in the Stars", "Cutbacks", "Jackie Jormp-Jomp", "Let's Stay Together", "Mrs. Donaghy" Hazel Wassername Hazel Wassername, aka Richard Drench (Kristen Schaal) replaces Kenneth Parcell as an NBC page when he is promoted to Standards and Practice in season six. At first, she stalked Liz and deeply despised Jenna, having nearly succeeded in her efforts to maim or kill her and therefore become Liz's "best friend". In "What Will Happen to the Gang Next Year?" it is revealed that she sees Kenneth as a threat, and rewrites his reapplication to the page program in a way that causes him to not receive the job. She also moves in with him in the same episode, and while her claim that she's "in love" with him appears to be false, she is the only woman he has ever been seen kissing on the show. She previously had a relationship with a pimp named Razmig, and has some disturbing sexual notions. She is a recurring character, beginning in season six. In "St. Patrick's Day", she reveals that she left her kids in a Sears in 2004 and has an IQ of 70, though considering her penchant for lying and exaggeration, it is possible that these claims are both false. She was later fired by Liz for attempting to trick Pete into letting her perform on TGS. Before leaving, she reveals that Hazel Wassername is not her real name. Following her departure, Hazel breaks up with Kenneth. In "My Whole Life Is Thunder", Hazel is "recast" by Tracy as a young Asian woman (Shannon Tyo) in an attempt to cheer Kenneth up. After leaving NBC, Wassername sues parent company Kabletown alleging to have been the victim of sexual harassment in "Florida". Although her claims make her look worse than any of her co-workers, she accurately recounts how badly everyone treats Kenneth; when Jenna and Tracy tell him to be honest, he confirms those incidents (though he isn't that upset about them) and the bad publicity leads Hank Hooper to finally cancel TGS. Appears in: "Today You Are a Man", "Hey, Baby, What's Wrong", "St. Patrick's Day", "Grandmentor", "The Shower Principle", "Live from Studio 6H", "What Will Happen to the Gang Next Year?", "The Beginning of the End", "Aunt Phatso vs. Jack Donaghy", "Florida". Greta Johansen Legreta "Greta" Johansen (Rachel Dratch) is a cat wrangler who works on the show. In "The Baby Show" she offered to carry the child whom Liz wants, and revealed that she owns a small ferret farm north of New York City. Greta hints at an obsession with Liz, mentioning that she likes to watch Liz watching TV. Appears In: "Pilot", "The Baby Show", "The C Word", "100". Dratch, who was featured as Jenna in the original pilot of the show but recast, has also played several minor characters, predominantly in season 1, including Barbara Walters ("The Rural Juror"), Elizabeth Taylor ("Jack Meets Dennis"), a Latina maid ("The Aftermath"), a drunken Russian prostitute ("Up All Night"), Liz's doctor ("Hiatus"), a protestor ("Hard Ball"), a group therapist ("The Break-Up"), the Happy Days-obsessed janitor, Jadwiga, in the season-five episode "Live Show", the voice of an NBC-trivia spouting computer called Not Kenneth (The Ballad of Kenneth Parcell), and a "little blue dude" seen in hallucinations in "Tracy Does Conan" and "100." Sue LaRoche-Van der Hout Susannah "Sue" LaRoche-Van der Hout (Sue Galloway), also referred to as "girl-writer", is a TGS writer, who speaks with a heavy French-Dutch accent. The CBS dramatic series, The Mentalist, is a remake of a Dutch programme, Van der Hoot: Psychische (De Mentalist), which was based upon Sue's work as a police psychic in the Netherlands. Following the cancellation of TGS With Tracy Jordan, she takes a serving position at Hooters despite being heavily pregnant; she is called back for the final TGS episode. Sue has a pragmatic personality, but she is known for unpredictable behavior. She appears to have an affinity for pornography, and some episodes allude that she is bisexual. She apparently has a Black daughter, whom she brings to work on Take Your Black Kid to Work Day in "Sun Tea". Sue also claims that she is a virgin ("with white guys") when offering herself to Jack in "St. Patrick's Day". In "Black Light Attack", Tracy adds her to his entourage, seeking a woman's influence after he learns he is going to have a daughter. However, she leaves the entourage in anger after Tracy begins to act like an overprotective father. In "It's Never Too Late for Now", it is shown that she can become very violent: when Jack hires the writers to stage a fake fight, she beats up Lutz and even breaks Toofer's arm and her own wrist. Notable appearances: "Up All Night", "Fireworks", "Ludachristmas", "Christmas Special", "The Funcooker", "Kidney Now!", "Into the Crevasse", "Stone Mountain", "Sun Tea", "Dealbreakers Talk Show#0001", "Black Light Attack!", "Winter Madness", "I Do Do", "Live Show", "Brooklyn Without Limits", "Operation Righteous Cowboy Lightning", "It's Never Too Late for Now", "TGS Hates Women", "Plan B", "The Ballad of Kenneth Parcell", "St. Patrick's Day", "Live from Studio 6H", "Stride of Pride", "Hogcock!", "Last Lunch". Gaylord Felcher Gaylord Felcher (Michael Torpey) is the head of Standards and Practices at NBC. Felcher is Kenneth Parcell's boss during his time at Standards and speaks in near constant profanity punctuated with obscene gestures in the spirit of quis custodiet ipsos custodes?. Appears in: "Standards and Practices", "Grandmentor" Liz's love interests The following characters have (at some point during the show) been boyfriends of Liz. Dennis Duffy Dennis Duffy (Dean Winters) was Liz's boyfriend for three episodes during the early part of the show's first season; he has also made appearances in each subsequent season. Liz had a relationship with him that ended prior to the series, and she briefly resumes a relationship with him only to break it off after discovering that he has been featured on To Catch a Predator. (Dennis later claimed that he knew the girl was actually eighteen because, "She said her last boyfriend was Asian, and that crap doesn't start 'till college.") Dennis has popped up occasionally in later seasons to annoy Liz and attempt to get back together. He is generally disliked by most of the characters, most notably Liz and Jenna, the latter of whom he had sex with behind Liz's back. Dennis claims to be the love of Liz's life, which she disputes. The few good memories she has of him are mostly food-related, but she admits he makes her laugh. His nickname for her is "Dummy." She nearly got engaged to him and signed a lease on an apartment in Jacksonville before Jack Donaghy got over a pointless feud with Liz and stopped that. In his last two appearances on the show, Dennis has married an obnoxious Irish-American woman named Megan (Melissa McMeekin)(whose maiden name is also Duffy) and they have adopted an African-American baby boy whom they call "Black Dennis". While Dennis is worthless, he did inspire Liz to finally declare her love for her new boyfriend Criss Chros and, later, to marry him. Dennis also is convinced that Liz converted to Judaism for Criss, despite the fact that neither he nor Liz practice any religion. Dennis is immature for a man his age, often exclaiming like a teenage boy. In one episode he sits on Liz's bed, playing Halo 3; then, he throws the controller down and yells that the controller is "defective" because "that grenade was right next to him!" He was the last remaining beeper salesman in New York City, and was known as the "Beeper King" (after the original Beeper King committed suicide). He concocts a number of money-making schemes, including a make-your-own coffee station, copying DVD movies onto LaserDisc, and devising a Balloon Boy-like stunt after being assigned to a program that pairs talented kids with troubled adults. In his final appearance, he brags that he has found success selling "suicide insurance". In the episode "100", it is revealed that his ancestors were kicked out of Ireland, then kicked out of America, sent back to Ireland, then set adrift on a log. Appears In: "Jack Meets Dennis", "Tracy Does Conan", "The Break-Up", "Subway Hero", "Cooter", "Apollo, Apollo", "Anna Howard Shaw Day", "Emanuelle Goes to Dinosaur Land", "Operation Righteous Cowboy Lightning", "100", "Hey, Baby, What's Wrong", "St. Patrick's Day", "Mazel Tov, Dummies!" Floyd DeBarber Floyd DeBarber (Jason Sudeikis) is an attorney working at 30 Rock. His name is a play on Floyd the Barber, a regular character on The Andy Griffith Show. Floyd's first appearance is when he accidentally sends flowers to Liz for Valentine's Day, which he actually intended to send to his girlfriend, Liz Lemler. Liz, who doesn't know his name, calls him "flower guy" and develops a crush on him. In "The Fighting Irish", Liz fires Liz Lemler and the rest of the accounting staff so that she can get closer to Floyd, with his girlfriend out of the building; however, Jack rehires the accountants and transfers Liz Lemler to a job at GE headquarters in Connecticut, thus breaking up Liz Lemler and Floyd. In "Fireworks", Liz follows Floyd to an AA meeting in order to get close to him and discovers that rules are important to him. When Liz lies about being an alcoholic so Floyd will confide in her, she discovers that members of the same AA group cannot date; therefore, she confesses she was never an alcoholic and merely had a crush on him. Floyd feels betrayed, but Liz makes it up to him by confiding in him and the two then begin dating. Jack becomes good friends with Floyd, calling him "the Floydster", much to Liz's dismay. Floyd eventually seems to want to spend more time with Jack than Liz. At the end of season one, Floyd decides that New York City is too much for him and decides to return to his hometown, Cleveland. Liz and Floyd go there on vacation; Floyd gets a job in Cleveland, and Liz returns to TGS in New York. Despite seeming perfect for each other, Floyd and Liz break up. In Season 4, Floyd returns in the episode "Floyd", announcing he is engaged to be married. His wedding eventually takes place in the fourth-season finale "I Do Do". Appears In: "Up All Night", "The Source Awards", "The Fighting Irish", "Fireworks", "Corporate Crush", "Cleveland", "Hiatus", "Sandwich Day", "Anna Howard Shaw Day", "Floyd", "Emanuelle Goes to Dinosaur Land", "I Do Do". Drew Baird Dr. Andrew "Drew" Baird (Jon Hamm) is a pediatrician and Liz's very handsome neighbor. He graduated from Columbia University medical school; Disney used a photo of him from his high school swim team as a model for Prince Eric in The Little Mermaid. His name is a play on Dr. Drew. He first appears in season three episode "Generalissimo", when Liz accidentally receives his mail. After going through the contents (which includes a warranty for his ice cream maker and his Netflix rentals: The Muppets Take Manhattan, Caddyshack, and a documentary on how pies are made), Liz decides he is perfect for her and creates a false persona so he will like her. Liz's scheme unravels, and Drew is disappointed in her; however, he reads her mail and tells her he feels Liz would have been someone he would have wanted to know. Eventually, they agree upon a fresh start. He is recently divorced from Mandy and has one daughter from the marriage (Bethany, a rebellious teenager who drinks wine and starts fires). Liz and Drew's first date was on Valentine's Day 2009, during which Bethany ended up at Liz's apartment and Drew's mother died in the hospital. On her deathbed she reveals to Liz that she is not actually Drew's mother; the person Drew thinks is his sister is, in fact, his mother. She asks Liz to tell him the truth and Liz reveals this to Drew later in the episode. In episode 15 of season three, ("The Bubble"), Liz is concerned about the way others treat Drew; he is so handsome that he unintentionally causes others to fawn over him. He was a professional tennis player in college even though he is terrible at it. Despite being horrible at everything from cooking to sex to not knowing how to perform the Heimlich maneuver, no one tells him the truth because he is so good-looking. Calvin Klein (in a cameo) stops him on the street and asks him to be an underwear model. He never has to wait in line at restaurants; when Liz (blocking Drew's face from view) orders his request off the menu and is berated by the waitress, he is mystified by her response and wonders where their complimentary appetizer sampler is. Jack, having firsthand knowledge of the situation from his younger days, describes this as "The Bubble." Liz tells Drew that he receives constant special treatment, and when Liz stops letting him win at tennis, he realizes that he is actually very dimwitted and clumsy, lashing out at her. Eventually he apologizes for his behavior but prefers living in "The Bubble" to reality, asking Liz if she wants to take a ride with him on his new motorcycle. Liz declines and Drew rides into the sunset, careening incompetently down the street. When Liz goes back to her ex-boyfriends in "Emanuelle Goes to Dinosaur Land," Drew appears with hooks on both hands: one hand had been lost in a firework explosion and the other in a helicopter accident, both caused by his stupidity. Drew later reappears in a cameo in season five episode "Live Show," having received one replacement hand from a death row inmate. The hand has a mind of its own, however, and begins to strangle him (In the West Coast version of "Live Show," Drew received a female hand transplant that constantly tries to seduce him). Liz later sums up Drew in the phrase "So handsome...so, so stupid." Appears In: "Generalissimo", "St Valentine's Day", "The Bubble", "Anna Howard Shaw Day", "Emanuelle Goes to Dinosaur Land", "Live Show". Jon Hamm also appeared in "Live from Studio 6H," playing two roles, but not Drew. Wesley Snipes Wesley Snipes (Michael Sheen) is an Englishman whom Liz meets at her dentist's office while recovering from a root canal operation. Being under the effects of nitrous oxide, they seem to hit it off and list each other in their phones as "Future Husband" and "Future Wife". When sober, they immediately realize that they have nothing in common and dislike each other intensely. However, when they keep meeting each other by chance around the city, they continue to date believing that it is their destiny to "settle" for one another. Wesley is displeased that the actor Wesley Snipes has his name, saying that the name is better suited to a "pasty, un-athletic British man". He frequently uses (fictional) British English phrases, such as "foot cycle" for bicycle and "film pod" for video camera, which annoys Liz. He is rude to her, mocking her disastrous romantic history and at one point compares her life to a "Cathy cartoon that just won't end". He believes they are "settling soul mates" and sets the stage for another meeting during "Sweeps", which Liz assumes refers to television sweeps week, but which he claims is what the British call spring cleaning. After a tour of her abysmal past relationships, she decides Wesley is her only alternative and reluctantly agrees to get engaged to him. However, in the Season 4 finale Liz meets a pilot, Carol (Matt Damon), whom she likes a lot and sends Wesley a break-up text. He stupidly thinks they're getting past their first fight, but Liz tells him she's realized after meeting Carol that she can do much better than Wesley, and says goodbye to him. He leaves the room in defeat and has not been seen since. In a Season 6 episode, a flashback scene has Liz outright telling her tax accountant "I'm having a go at cycling thanks to my boyfriend Wesley, whom I hate." Appears In: "Future Husband", "Don Geiss, America and Hope", "Emanuelle Goes to Dinosaur Land", "I Do Do". Astronaut Mike Dexter Astronaut Mike Dexter (John Anderson) is Liz's fantasy boyfriend, to whom she compares all other men; Mike often appears when Liz is either alone or involved in disastrous relationships, and is no longer seen once she develops a (relatively) normal social life. Liz mentions Dexter in several episodes, and he appears in her imagination throughout Season 4. In a fantasy sequence in "Dealbreakers Talk Show#0001", Dexter tells Liz he has to go back to space, but "enjoyed the kissing followed by [his] genuine interest in that TV dance competition". In "The Moms", Liz reveals that Astronaut Mike Dexter is also (secretly) king of Monaco. Liz meets an attorney named Mike (also played by Anderson) at Floyd's wedding in "Emanuelle Goes to Dinosaur Land"; this Mike describes himself as a "plushie" who enjoys having sex ("yiffing") with people in mascot costumes at state parks. Anderson also appears, as a nod to Liz's fantasies of Dexter, in an episode of Jack's "Porn for Women" (which features handsome men asking women about their day), which Liz buys. ("Don Geiss, America and Hope") Liz ends her idolization of the fictional astronaut after learning of her mother's premarital relationship with Buzz Aldrin (recreated in Liz's fantasy flashback by Fey and Anderson) and discussing the matter with present-day Aldrin in "The Moms". Appears In: "Dealbreakers Talk Show#0001", "Don Geiss, America and Hope", "Emanuelle Goes to Dinosaur Land". Carol Burnett Carol Burnett (Matt Damon) is an airline pilot who begins a relationship with Liz in the season four finale. With an identical name to the television comedian's, he is her second consecutive boyfriend with the same name as a celebrity (after Wesley Snipes). Their first date takes place after he learns that Liz is the head writer of TGS with Tracy Jordan, and she finds out that Carol is an enthusiastic fan of the show, often showing episodes on his flights. Liz enjoys their relationship at first because his frequent absences for work gives her freedom. Carol, however, is eager to settle down and pursue a more normal relationship, since every relationship he has had as an airline pilot were intermittent affairs due to his constant travel for work. Initially, Liz believes their similar personalities make them soul mates after they repeatedly share the same responses to games of "Would you rather". However they eventually realize that they are too similar, and in "Double-Edged Sword", their equally controlling personalities come to a head after a heated argument while being stuck for hours on the runway on a plane piloted by Carol. Appears In: "I Do Do", "The Fabian Strategy", "Live Show", "Double-Edged Sword". Criss Chros Crisstopher Rick Chros (James Marsden) is an unemployed entrepreneur, and like Dot Com, attended Wesleyan University. Criss is the third of Liz's romantic interests to share a name with a celebrity (although there is a difference in spelling). He dropped out of law school, but holds a degree in ethnomusicology. He and Liz met somewhere between the end of season five and the beginning of season 6 at Riverside Park after Liz made fun of his turtleneck shirt. He runs a hot dog stand which sells organic hot dogs. It is revealed that he and Liz are dating in "Idiots Are People Two!" and that Liz has kept it a secret from Jack because she fears he'll disapprove of Criss — which Jack does, at first, but winds up changing his mind and gives Criss his "probational approval" card in "Idiots Are People Three!" In "Hey, Baby, What's Wrong", Liz discovers that her relationship with Criss has longevity after a failed trip to Ikea in which she and Criss have a big fight. Liz, assuming the fight is a breakup, frantically calls Criss to apologize and beg him to reconcile, only to discover that he never wanted to break up in the first place and is at home happily making dinner. In "St. Patrick's Day", a surprise visit from Dennis makes Liz finally admit that she is in love with Criss after an argument. When she tells him that she loves him, something she has never done to anyone, Criss responds by quoting Han Solo's response to Princess Leia, "I know," thereby proving his suitability to the Star Wars-obsessed Liz. Jack sets up Liz on a "blind date" with Kevin, a man Jack actually hates, but his true purpose is to introduce Liz to Kevin's "awesome" Lemon-esque young daughter (Bebe Wood). After realizing that having children might be a good thing, Criss and Liz subsequently "put a pin" in this idea and decide to "just have some fun". Still, Criss is insecure in their relationship, believing that Liz might eventually bail on him. In the episode "What Will Happen to the Gang Next Year?", Criss sells his hot dog van to help pay for renovating Liz's apartment. Unfortunately he sells the van to "a really nice young guy on meth", who later steals money from a bank. Liz sees what she thinks is still Criss' van on a TV news report on the robbery, and thinking that Criss stole the money, tells him she will go to prison in his place. Criss considers this a sign that Liz will not bail on him, and later in the episode, when Liz observes that the room Criss is renovating will make a great nursery, they both realize that they are ready to try for a baby, whether biological or adopted. As of Season 7, he and Liz are actively trying to have a child. Liz's unusual libido starts to make things a bit difficult, but they eventually find what works for them both. After a failed pregnancy test, Liz and Criss decide to get married in order to make an adoption process easier. They are married in a brief ceremony at City Hall attended by Jack, Dennis Duffy and his family, two homeless men and Tony Bennett. Liz and Criss eventually adopt a pair of elementary-school aged twins, Janet and Terry (who are highly reminiscent of Jenna and Tracy). Criss briefly goes to work as a dental receptionist, but discovers he much prefers being a stay-at-home father. Appears In: "Idiots Are People Two!", "Idiots Are People Three!", "Hey, Baby, What's Wrong", "Leap Day", "St. Patrick's Day", "Murphy Brown Lied to Us", "The Return of Avery Jessup", "What Will Happen to the Gang Next Year?", "Governor Dunston", "Mazel Tov, Dummies!", "A Goon's Deed in a Weary World", "Hogcock!" Liz's one-episode love interests Gretchen Thomas (Stephanie March) is a "brilliant plastics engineer / lesbian" and a friend of Jack Donaghy from his rotation in General Electric's plastics division. Assuming Liz to be bisexual if not a lesbian (and maintaining that her shoes are "definitely bi-curious"), Jack sets up the pair on a blind date in "Blind Date". When proposing the idea to Liz, Jack refers to her simply as 'Thomas' (much as he generally addresses Liz by her surname, Lemon), and Liz is thus unaware of Gretchen's gender until meeting her. Despite Liz's lack of sexual attraction toward Gretchen, the two bond over dinner and Gretchen informs Jack that she finds Liz "great" and thinks she looks like Jennifer Jason Leigh. They enjoy a succession of platonic dates until Gretchen expresses that she feels she is starting to chase the straight girl and decides they should stop seeing each other. Liz attempts to make a pact that they get back together after 25 years and start a relationship then if they are both still single (including an offer to let Gretchen "do stuff to [her]" as long as Liz is not expected to reciprocate), but Gretchen walks away. Gray (Peter Hermann) appears in a season one episode as a tall, handsome and well-coiffed stranger Jenna and Liz keep bumping into at the 30 Rock building and refer to as "The Hair." When Liz and Gray finally meet, they trade witty banter and discover they share similar likes and annoyances. Although they seem to click, Liz cannot escape the feeling that their disparate levels of attractiveness make her unworthy to be with him. During a date that begins to turn romantic at Gray's apartment, Liz spots a photo of a mutual relative and they realize to their dismay that they're actually distant cousins. Liz shuts it down but before she leaves, Gray assures her that she is also a "hair." Steven Black (Wayne Brady) was Tracy's manager during season one. He briefly dated Liz during "The Source Awards", but Liz realized that they were incompatible after one date. When she attempted to break things off, Steven claimed that she was racist. Liz continued to date Steven, hoping he would see their incompatibility for himself. At the Source Awards Liz accidentally fired Tracy Jordan's gun, hitting Steven in the upper thigh while he was trying to get his phone out of her purse. This brought their relationship to an end. Wayne Brady exists in the 30 Rock universe independently of Steven Black, having been mentioned on the show, most notably in the season-one episode "Jack Meets Dennis" in which Liz remarks that Tracy stole a People's Choice Award from him. Jamie Hamilton or "The Coffee Guy" (Val Emmich), who only appears in "Cougars", is an attractive younger man who has a crush on Liz Lemon, to whom he delivers coffee. Jamie refers to Liz as the "Sexy Librarian." As the two start to develop feelings for each other, Frank admits that he also has feelings for Jamie. Jamie asks Liz out on a date, but Liz refuses to go due to the difference in their ages. She asks Jamie how old he thinks she is and Jamie guesses 29. Liz quickly lies about her age and agrees that she is definitely 29. Jamie also lies about his age, telling Liz that he's 25, convincing Liz to consider the date. On their date, Liz admits that she's actually 37, whereupon Jamie reveals that he's in fact only 20. Jenna tells Liz that they're cougars. Liz becomes used to the idea of dating a much younger man and agrees to try it out. However, on a subsequent date, she meets Jamie's mother, Beth, who, in addition to sharing her proper forename (Elizabeth), bears a startling resemblance to Liz in looks and dress (indeed, portrayed by Tina Fey's lighting stand-in, Laura Berrios). Seeing Jamie next to Beth, Liz remarks under her breath, "Yup, that's what we look like." She immediately leaves and says "shut it down", ending their relationship. Stewart LaGrange (Peter Dinklage) is a diplomatic attaché who works at the United Nations, whom Liz encountered in the episode "Señor Macho Solo" after rubbing on his head from behind while "baby crazy", having mistaken him for a child due to his dwarfism. Stewart develops an interest in her due to assuming that her action was an aggressive form of flirting, and takes her out on several dates, while Liz, despite finding him charming, feels mildly uncomfortable due to the circumstances of their meeting. She inadvertently reveals her mistake when she instinctively pulls him back from a fire, offending him greatly. Liz later calls to apologize and suggests a meeting at the Brooklyn Bridge to see if they're willing to try again. However, Liz ends up mistaking a small child for Stewart, who witnesses it and turns away saying "shut it down". Gavin Volure (Steve Martin) is a rich entrepreneur and owner of a company called "Sunstream". Volure is agoraphobic, which leaves him confined to his Connecticut estate. Liz becomes interested in a relationship with Gavin when she discovers that his agoraphobia would prevent them from being intimate, something that Liz desires. Gavin later reveals to Liz that he is not agoraphobic, but is really under house arrest for arson, tax fraud, embezzlement and racketeering. Gavin attempts to escape the confines of his home with Liz, but he is captured. Gavin then later attempts a second escape, which succeeds. Gavin runs to TGS where he asks Liz to escape with him to Canada, but Liz refuses. Gavin then climbs to the top of the TGS set with the intention to jump, but, he is stopped by Tracy Jordan and presumably returned to his Connecticut estate. Brad Halster (Roger Bart) A consultant employed by the Himmler Group, Halster slashes TGS's budget and staff in "Cutbacks". Liz attempts to seduce him into restoring her employees' jobs by asking him out on a date and utilizing the show's make-up crew and wardrobe department to maximize her sex appeal. Halster does not reverse his cuts the next morning, and is devastated when an angry Liz causes him to realise the quid-pro-quo nature of the date and moderate petting. Liz's plan ultimately succeeds, however, as Halster's sexual harassment complaint against her necessitates his recusal from consulting on TGS’ budget and Jack Donaghy personally handles evaluating the show. Liz's suspension also gives her a much-needed vacation from work. James Franco (himself) was involved in a mock relationship with Jenna, orchestrated by his publicist in an attempt to quell the rumors of his infatuation with his Japanese love pillow, Kimiko, in "Klaus and Greta". The generally sexually repressed Liz uncharacteristically initiates their one-night stand, telling Franco after running into him and Kimiko at a bar, "Let's do this", and repairing to her apartment for their assignation. Jack's love interests The following characters have (at some point during the show) been Jack's girlfriend, wife or fiancée. Bianca Bianca (Isabella Rossellini) is Jack's first wife. Jack's mother disliked her from the beginning and their marriage was troubled. Bianca was introduced in season one, episode twelve. She is engaged to Vincent Foley, and in episode 13 her divorce with Jack was finalized (although they were legally separated since 1989). Jack mentioned that she was too much of a woman for him, which is why they divorced. A point of contention in their divorce was an Arby's restaurant outside of Telluride, Colorado. Jack also insisted on keeping the box they had trained their dog to poop in. Bianca tolerated most of Jack's affairs but is jealous of women who can actually make Jack happy, going so far as to violently attack Liz when she pretended to be Jack's fiancée. Appears In: "Black Tie", "Up All Night". Condoleezza Rice Condoleezza Rice (portrayed by herself) was one of Jack's shorter-lived relationships. Their relationship (and eventual break-up) was alluded to in the episode "The Break-Up". Rice later appeared as herself in the season-five episode "Everything Sunny All the Time Always", angry at Jack for apparently ending their relationship with a text message that said "you + me = :(". Among their disagreements concerned her lack of time for him during her tenure as Secretary of State and whether or not Jack was as talented a flautist as Condoleezza is as a pianist. Phoebe Phoebe (Emily Mortimer) is an art dealer and auctioneer, who works at the Christie's branch in Rockefeller Center. She is (supposedly) English, claiming to suffer from vertigo and something called "avian bone syndrome" allegedly having "hollow bones" (which requires that no one touch her due to her supposed fragility). She reintroduces herself to Liz each time they meet, and asserts that her parents were poets. Jack attracts Phoebe's attention; the two begin dating, and after Liz gave them her blessing Jack quickly asked Phoebe to marry him. She accepts, stunning Liz. Jack takes Phoebe to Paris, where he experiences a failure to perform sexually with her. Furthermore, her reckless spending of Jack's money reveals that Phoebe is a gold digger. When Liz finds Phoebe holding hands with an older man, Phoebe tells her that he is a former lover. Liz tells her that either she will tell Jack the truth or Liz will; while arguing with Liz, Phoebe drops her English accent and reveals herself as an American. When Liz tells Jack he refuses to believe her, having been warned by Phoebe that Liz was making things up about her. When Jack's mother Colleen appears in "Hiatus", she instantly dislikes Phoebe. When Colleen visits Jack in the hospital, she discovers that Jack's heart rate monitor functions as a polygraph, and takes advantage of this discovery by asking Jack a series of personal questions. Phoebe catches on and asks Jack if he loves her. He claims that he does, but the machine indicates he is lying. Phoebe slinks away in defeat; their wedding was subsequently canceled. Appears In: "Corporate Crush", "Cleveland", "Hiatus". C. C. Celeste "C. C." Cunningham (Edie Falco; in-universe by Candace van der Shark (Kristen Wiig) in the Lifetime movie, A Dog Took My Face and Gave Me a Better Face to Change the World: The Celeste Cunningham Story) is a Democratic Congresswoman from Vermont. She meets Jack at a cocktail party honoring Robert Novak, and the two end up sleeping together. Soon after, Jack discovers her identity and the fact that she is trying to sue NBC's fictitious parent company, Sheinhardt Wig, for dumping Auburn Fantasy Dye #260 into the Chickatagua River (which turned the children of Chickatagua orange). Despite Jack and C.C.'s political conflicts they decide to pursue a relationship (secretly at first), eventually revealing it in Jack's executive dining room. Due to job-related commitments (Jack lives in New York City and C.C. lives in Washington, D.C.), they decide to break up. She returns in "Cooter", approving the development of a gay bomb; this gets Jack fired from his position in Washington, so he can return to 30 Rock (and repays a favor she owed him). Appears In: "Somebody to Love", "Secrets and Lies", Episode 210, "Cooter". Elisa Pedrera Elisa Pedrera (Salma Hayek) is a Puerto Rican nurse, who is deeply religious and places a high value on family. She was introduced as a love interest for Jack in season three, when she cared for Colleen (who had injured both hips). While nursing Colleen, Elisa begins a romantic relationship with Jack. She also cares for another patient: an elderly, wheelchair-bound man with Alzheimer's disease. Colleen hates Elisa and Jack's relationship; he accuses her of hating every woman with whom he has ever been involved. Elisa's grandmother initially dislikes Jack because he resembles an actor playing a villain on her favorite telenovela; she becomes fond of him after Jack has NBC purchase the rights to the show, and changes his doppelgänger's part to appeal to elderly women. Although Elisa and Jack had relationship problems on Valentine's Day, they made up (influenced by their love of McDonald's McFlurries). In "Larry King", Jack proposes to Elisa. She accepts, informing him that she is going to Puerto Rico and promising to call him. When she returns, Elisa and Jack begin planning their wedding; however, it is revealed that Elisa is notorious among Puerto Ricans for killing her husband after she discovered he was cheating on her. She flies into a homicidal rage when she believes Jack and Liz are having an affair; after being dissuaded she calms down, agreeing with Jack to cancel the wedding and end the relationship because she cannot control her jealousy. At some point thereafter, while back home in Puerto Rico, Elisa is incarcerated. In "Hogcock!", Jack convinces Elisa and Nancy Donovan to set aside their devout Catholicism and participate in a ménage à trois conjugal visit to Elisa's prison, the intensity of which rids both women of their accents. Appears In: "Señor Macho Solo", "Flu Shot", "Generalissimo", "St. Valentine's Day", "Larry King", "The Ones", "Hogcock!" Nancy Donovan Nancy Donovan (Julianne Moore; in-universe by Cynthia Nixon in "Kidnapped by Danger"), was Jack's high-school crush, a devout Catholic with a pronounced Boston accent. She is married with two sons, though it is clear her marriage is unfulfilling. She and Jack were in the same German class (where Jack was called "Klaus" and Nancy "Greta"); Nancy's voice-mail code stands for "Klaus", indicating that Nancy has feelings for him. By the time Nancy decides to divorce her husband, Jack is already involved with Avery. He dates both women, unable to decide. Nancy meets Avery and finds out she is pregnant, which Nancy tells Jack before leaving. She is played by Cynthia Nixon in the TV-movie made about Avery, Kidnapped by Danger. In "Hogcock!", Jack reconnects with Nancy and Elisa Pedrera, convincing both women to set aside their devout Catholicism and participate in a ménage à trois conjugal visit to Elisa's prison, the intensity of which rids both women of their accents. Appears In: "Secret Santa", "Winter Madness", "Lee Marvin vs. Derek Jeter", "Emanuelle Goes to Dinosaur Land", "I Do Do", "Hogcock!" Avery Jessup-Donaghy Avery Jessup (Elizabeth Banks; in-universe by Jenna Maroney (Jane Krakowski) in the film Kidnapped by Danger) is Jack's second wife. Jessup is a conservative media personality and the host of political talk-show The Hot-Box and commentator on CNBC. She begins their relationship after a one-night stand during season four, after Jack is convinced that Nancy will never leave her husband. He dates both simultaneously, and later chooses Avery over Nancy after being told by Nancy that Avery is pregnant. Of Swedish descent from Maryland, she attended Choate and Yale University. They attempt to marry during season five, between "Christmas Attack Zone" and "Mrs. Donaghy"; however, due to a language-based mishap, Jack is accidentally married to Liz (the matter is resolved offscreen). Avery gives birth to Jack's daughter during "Double-Edged Sword" in Toronto (making her Canadian-American), and names her Elizabeth Donaghy after Liz Lemon (nicknamed "Liddy" in honor of "Liddy" Dole, G. Gordon Liddy and Jack's martial-arts instructor, Li Di.). In "Everything Sunny All the Time Always", Avery is on a trip described by Jack as "a hot-blondes-in-weird-places initiative" by NBC News in Asia. However, things do not go well; she is detained in North Korea by Kim Jong-il, and forced to participate in the spread of North Korean Propaganda by reporting news of the free world being conquered by North Korea. Despite Jack's attempts to get her back (including getting help from his ex, Condoleezza Rice) she is stranded in Korea and forcibly married to Kim Jong-un. Jack has a hard time dealing with her absence, as well as his intense feelings for her mother, Diana. Avery is rescued from North Korea toward the end of the sixth season ("The Return of Avery Jessup"). Shortly after Avery's return, Jack discovers that Avery has fallen in love with another detained reporter, and the couple spontaneously divorce at the altar while trying to renew their vows in the last episode of season 6. Appears In: "Anna Howard Shaw Day", "Future Husband", "Lee Marvin vs. Derek Jeter", "The Moms", "Emanuelle Goes to Dinosaur Land", "I Do Do", "When it Rains, it Pours", "Gentleman's Intermission", "Christmas Attack Zone", "¡Qué Sorpresa!", "Double-Edged Sword", "Everything Sunny All the Time Always", "The Return of Avery Jessup", "What Will Happen to the Gang Next Year?". Main characters' relatives Dick Lemon Dick Lemon (Buck Henry; Sheffield Chastain as young Dick) is the father of Liz and Mitch Lemon. Like Liz, he grew up in White Haven, Pennsylvania, where he still lives. Liz mentions that he served at Pearl Harbor, although it is quickly revealed that this was during the Korean War. Outwardly supportive of Liz, Dick secretly disagrees with, and is embarrassed by, many of her decisions. At one point he arrives in New York declaring that he and his wife are "on a break" and he even accidentally tries to hit on Liz in a dark nightclub. Unknown to Liz, Dick once made out with Jenna on New Year's Eve. Appears in: "Ludachristmas", "Gentleman's Intermission", "Kidnapped by Danger" Margaret Lemon Margaret Lemon (née Freeman) (Anita Gillette; uncredited actress in "Kidnapped by Danger"; Tina Fey as a teen in "The Moms") is Liz's mother. Born circa 1937, she "repeatedly lost her virginity" at or about the age of 15 to the love of her life, Buzz Aldrin (whom she called "Ed" because there were already five "Buzzes" in Montclair), while Waldo the town perv watched from the bushes. After she graduated from secretary school and Ed was joining the astronaut program in 1963, he asked her to marry him, but Margaret had just started a job with Sterling Cooper and did not feel she could just pick up and leave, being an "old maid" of 26. Accordingly, she later settled for Dick Lemon and bore him two children: Mitch Lemon and Elizabeth M. "Liz" Lemon. She still believes computers to be the size of rooms. Like Dick, Margaret expresses support for Liz but quietly disagrees with many of her decisions and opinions. She attempts to disabuse Liz of the belief in a "Mr. Right" and encourages her to settle as she did. Dr. Aldrin, meanwhile, is grateful to not have put Margaret through his years of alcoholism and depression. Appears in: "Ludachristmas", "The Moms", "Kidnapped by Danger" Terry and Janet Terry and Janet (Dante Hoagland and Remy Bond) are fraternal twins whom Liz and Criss adopt in "A Goon's Deed in a Weary World". In addition to their genders, races, and names, their personalities are immediately revealed to be nearly identical to those of, respectively, Tracy and Jenna. Upon meeting them at the airport, Liz muses happily that gaining miniature versions of her two 'problem children' just as TGS is cancelled "seems about right" and she embraces the pair. After a year in the Lemon-Chros family, Terry and Janet appear to have become less like Tracy and Jenna; they are well-behaved on the set of Grizz & Herz, sitting quietly off-camera and studying their homework while their mother and Dot Com produce the show. Appear in: "A Goon's Deed in a Weary World", "Hogcock!", "Last Lunch" Eliza Lemon Eliza Lemon (Barrett Doss) is Liz's African-American great-granddaughter who appears in the last scene of the series. Growing up, Eliza hears the stories Liz would tell about her days at NBC. As an adult in the early 22nd century, she develops a sitcom based on those stories, which she pitches to NBC's receptive (and strangely immortal and ageless) president, Kenneth Parcell, while flying cars zoom through the sky past his office window. Kenneth only addresses her as "Ms. Lemon". The sequence is an homage to St. Elsewheres famous closing scene — complete with a model of the series' namesake building within a snow globe stared at by a mentally challenged male — and implies that the series 30 Rock had been a period piece of Eliza's creation in the distant future, as St. Elsewhere had all been a daydream in Tommy Westphall's autistic imagination. Appears in: "Last Lunch" Paul L'astnamé (Mr. Jenna Maroney) Mr. Jenna Maroney, formerly known as Paul L'astnamé (Will Forte), is Jenna's boyfriend and later husband. He is a female-impersonator (most often dressed as Jenna) who often refers to himself as a "she-man" or "shman." Paul and Jenna first met when Paul won first place in a Jenna Maroney impersonator contest in which Jenna herself placed fourth (parody of an urban legend about Charlie Chaplin, who allegedly finished fourth in a Charlie Chaplin contest, and of Dolly Parton who has confirmed the same happened to her at a drag-queen contest she entered) and Jenna realized that by dating Paul she could date herself. They began a relationship characterized by many unconventional sexual practices. The pair become engaged to marry when he crashes a TGS sketch in "Live from Studio 6H". In "My Whole Life Is Thunder", Jenna and Paul are married in a surprise ceremony at the funeral of Jack's mother. Paul takes Jenna's first and last names. Appears In: "Argus", "I Do Do", "Chain Reaction of Mental Anguish", "Christmas Attack Zone", "100", "Respawn", "The Tuxedo Begins", "Meet the Woggels!", "Murphy Brown Lied to Us", "Live from Studio 6H", "My Whole Life Is Thunder." Forte had previously appeared in 30 Rock as Tomas, a servant of Prince Gerhardt, in the season one episode "Black Tie". Angie Jordan Angie Jordan (Sherri Shepherd [Sharon Wilkins in "Jack the Writer"]) is Tracy Jordan's wife. A domineering, bombastic person, she is demanding of her husband (financially and sexually). It is revealed in "The Ones" that Tracy has actually never cheated on his wife, and that his supposed "affairs" are all for show. In "Mrs. Donaghy", Angie stars in her own Bravo reality series, Queen of Jordan (which figured prominently during the rest of season five, due to Tracy Morgan's medical leave). For her initial appearance in "Jack the Writer" (a non-speaking cameo appearance), she was played by Sharon Wilkins. In all subsequent episodes (beginning with "Up All Night"), she is portrayed by Sherri Shepherd and has a more substantial role. Appears In: "Up All Night", "Jack Gets in the Game", "The Collection", "Señor Macho Solo", "Dealbreakers Talk Show #0001", "Mrs. Donaghy", "Queen of Jordan", "Queen of Jordan 2: Mystery of the Phantom Pooper". Colleen Donaghy Colleen Donaghy (née Murphy) (Elaine Stritch, Nicol Paone in flashback) is Jack's overbearing, demanding mother who lives in a Florida retirement home. She and Jack share a tense and often confrontational relationship, although deep down they do, in fact, love each other. Colleen first appeared in season 1, episode 21; she is critical of Jack's abilities, and hesitant to show him affection. In season 3, episode 20, Colleen reveals that her ex-husband (Jimmy Donaghy) left her in 1957 and returned in 1959. The revelation leads Jack to conclude that Jimmy Donaghy could not have been his real father. It is later revealed that Jack's father is Milton Greene, a boarder in the Donaghy house with whom Colleen had an affair during Jim's absence. Jimmy Donaghy seemed to have been possibly aware of this impossibility when he met Jack after many years of absence (in an attempt to scam him), calling him a 'half-an-Englishman'. It is unknown if any of her other children (Eddie, Patrick, Patricia, or Katherine Catherine) were also illegitimate. Colleen's relationship with Jack is often tense, owing to her constant criticism and her meddling in Jack's private life. When Jack was a child, Colleen was impossibly demanding of him, and often threatened him with absurd punishments for minor misbehavior. She, for example, took an 8-year-old Jack to the post office, threatening to mail him back to “the Stork” after he spilled juice on a couch reserved for the pope. She also once told a young Jack that John F. Kennedy was shot because he had talked in church. When Jack's collie, Pop, was accidentally run over by the postman, Colleen left him to die in the street. She even tried to send Jack to Vietnam when he was 12 years old in order to make a man out of him. Colleen embarrassed him by having him play "The Star-Spangled Banner" on his flute in front of his hockey team, and mocked his decision to join the high school diving team, saying it was “a great way to meet guys.” Despite her icy, stern demeanor, Colleen is shown to have been a deeply devoted mother. In a "Leap Day" flashback she is shown to have supported her family by working as a nurse at a local hospital (a position that at the time required her to sell cigarettes to patients as part of her duties). Having been abandoned by her husband, and without significant financial means, she would exchange sexual favors with fictional toy store proprietor Frederick August Otto Schwarz, III in order to provide Christmas presents for her children. Unaware of the transaction, Jack resented his mother for her infidelity toward his father. It was not until Liz Lemon questioned how such a poor family could afford so many gifts (Jack claims that there were so many “you couldn't see the tree”) that Jack realized the true motive behind Colleen's actions. Colleen additionally created unique Christmas traditions and fables for her children that Jack assumed were standard holiday practice, such as Mrs. Claus hanging the children's stockings. Despite rarely having a good thing to say about anyone, Colleen takes an instant liking to Liz, mistaking her for Jack's actual fiancée, Phoebe, and being visibly disappointed when Jack insists he and Liz are not engaged. Although fond of Liz, Colleen nevertheless delights in critiquing Liz's appearance, and on one occasion manipulating the Lemons into a resentment-fueled fight. In "Meet the Woggles" Colleen reveals that Jack has always been her favorite child, since he always ate his vegetables, regularly attended church, and loved breastfeeding. Jack tells her that he only wanted to make her proud of him. She gives him a jewelry box that belonged to her mother, "Unclaimed Irish Stowaway" for her granddaughter, Liddy. Colleen dies of a heart attack in "My Whole Life Is Thunder" during a visit to New York to spend time with Jack, attempting to guilt him and seemingly depriving him of her approval literally up to her last breath. Her last words to Jack are "I just want you to be happy," which Jack interprets as sarcastic, calling them "one last twist of the knife." Jack and Liz subsequently discover in "Florida" that Colleen spent her final years in a cohabitational lesbian relationship and — much more shockingly — was happy and well-liked in the couple's retirement community, where she had a reputation as a friendly and fun-loving prankster. Jack is sent into a tailspin by the revelation that his mother actually wanted him to be happy, which leads to him re-evaluating his life and career in the finale. Appears In: "Hiatus", "Ludachristmas", "Christmas Special", "The Natural Order", "The Moms", "Christmas Attack Zone", "Meet the Woggels!", "My Whole Life Is Thunder", and in still photographs in "Florida". Milton Greene Milton Greene (Alan Alda) is Jack's biological father. Milton rented a room from Colleen Donaghy in the Boston suburb of Sadchester in 1958, during one of Jimmy Donaghy's numerous abandonments of his family. The two soon began a physical affair and, unbeknownst to Milton, conceived Jack Donaghy. A half-century later, Milton is a liberal history professor at Vermont's Bennington College. In the interim, Milton had married and sired a son whom he and the child's mother refused to name, opining that children should choose their own names; Spider-Man Greene is Jack's unsuspecting half-brother. A fan of Jimmy Carter (much to Jack's bemusement), Milton is writing a multi-volume biography of the former president, entitled From Peanut to President; Betty White is reading a volume when Tracy Jordan telephones her in "Stone Mountain". Jack discovers in "The Natural Order" that Jimmy Donaghy had been gone when Jack was conceived. He and Len Wozniak narrow his possible fathers down to three men whom Jack lures to Manhattan under false pretences in "Mamma Mia". Seeing that George Park is Korean and then learning that Fred O'Dwyer lost his genitals in a grenade explosion during World War II, Jack invites Milton to his office and reveals their relation. Milton is overjoyed and announces that he is in need of a kidney to survive. In "Kidney Now!", Jack is relieved to learn that he is not a match and decides to hold a charity concert to find a kidney for Milton. It is revealed in "Christmas Attack Zone" that Elvis Costello was a tissue match and donated a kidney to Milton. Milton's liberalism is exaggerated as a foil to Jack's conservative politics. He is kind, enthusiastic, and supportive of Jack. Appears In: "Mamma Mia", "Kidney Now!", "Christmas Attack Zone". Tracy Jr., George Foreman and Virginia Jordan Tracy Jordan Jr. (Bobb'e J. Thompson) is the combative son of Tracy and Angie Jordan. The Jordans have another son, George Foreman Jordan, who appeared in "Gavin Volure" and "The Bubble" (played by Jalani McNair), and had his first speaking role in the season 6 episode "Meet the Woggels!", where he was accepted into Stanford University (to Tracy's disapproval) and played by Dante E. Clark. The Jordans' daughter Virginia was born in "When It Rains, It Pours", and appears twice in the 6th and 7th Season, played by twin infants Zoya and Zuri Bacai. Appears In: "Gavin Volure", "Succession", "The Funcooker", "The Bubble", "Sun Tea" (Tracy Jr.), "Gavin Volure", "The Bubble", "Meet the Woggels!" (George Foreman), "Queen of Jordan 2: Mystery of the Phantom Pooper" and "Aunt Phatso vs. Jack Donaghy" (Virginia) Verna Maroney Verna Maroney (Jan Hooks) is Jenna's mother. A quintessential stage mother, she spent Jenna's childhood forcing her to perform in beauty pageants and talent shows, and is responsible for Jenna's need for the spotlight and for many of her neuroses. Verna became the last live-action role Hooks played before she died. Appears In: "Verna", "The Moms". Diana Jessup Diana Jessup (Mary Steenburgen) is Avery's mother and Jack's mother-in-law. Diana shares many qualities with her daughter, which makes Jack instantly attracted to her. Appears In: "Hey, Baby, What's Wrong", "Kidnapped by Danger", "Queen of Jordan 2: Mystery of the Phantom Pooper", "What Will Happen to the Gang Next Year?". Sylvia Rossitano Sylvia Rossitano (Patti LuPone) is Frank's mother. Sylvia is a stereotypical Italian-American mother, extremely loving towards her son, but also incredibly overbearing. Sylvia is also an incredible cook. Appears In: "Goodbye, My Friend", "The Moms", "Alexis Goodlooking and the Case of the Missing Whisky". Paula Hornberger Paula Hornberger (Paula Pell) is Pete's wife. Paula and Pete have been married since their sophomore year of college, after Paula was pregnant with the pair's first child 20 minutes into their first date. Paula and Pete have a seemingly tenuous relationship, as Pete lived with Liz after he lied about his vasectomy. The two reconnected after engaging in a post-marital affair. Appears In: "Greenzo", "Kidney Now!", "Season 4", "I Do Do", "The Fabian Strategy", "Hogcock!" / "Last Lunch" Recurring characters Leo Spaceman "Dr." Leo Spaceman ( —except by Tracy, who pronounces his name like the English word "spaceman") (Chris Parnell) is a graduate of the Ho Chi Minh City School of Medicine. He is a quack who practices questionable medicine, such as giving a "medical professional's seal of approval" to a defective "meat machine", and as such is legally required to put quotation marks around his title. Despite his obvious shortcomings, Jack is unwavering in his support of Spaceman's "skills". He wrote a bestselling book, The Cigarette Diet, and found shocking medical abnormalities during Desert Storm which his boss refused to report to his superior, Saddam Hussein. At one time Spaceman dated Lynette "Squeaky" Fromme, whom he described as "difficult". Leo has been portrayed as a classic "quack", doing and saying very weird things. For instance, when Jack Donaghy visits him for a checkup in "Hiatus", Spaceman instructs Jack to cough several times while seeming to examine him below the frame (implying a hernia inspection), but afterward says, "Okay, let's start the examination." In his last appearance on the series, he is appointed Surgeon General of the United States, and breaks the fourth wall by saying "That's a series wrap on Leo Spaceman, suckers!". Leo is the son of Dr. Harold (a.k.a. Heinrich) Spaceman, an equally incompetent and unethical physician. After serving in World War II, the elder Dr. Spaceman left Germany for a new life in the United States. In the 1950s, he was a television spokesman for Chatterton cigarettes, promoting their tar and nicotine to expectant mothers, as being necessary for their babies' skeletal development. In addition to his Nazi past, he was a notorious paedophile. Appears In: "Tracy Does Conan", "The Baby Show", "The Rural Juror", "Fireworks", "Hiatus", "Jack Gets in the Game", "Succession", "Flu Shot", "Retreat to Move Forward", "The Funcooker", "Kidney Now!", "Sun Tea", "Dealbreakers Talk Show#0001", "When It Rains, It Pours", "Live Show", "Mrs. Donaghy", "100", "Respawn", "Hey, Baby, What's Wrong", "Nothing Left to Lose", "Live from Studio 6H", "Mazel Tov, Dummies!", "Game Over", Dr. Pepper commercials. Lenny Wosniak Lenny Wosniak (Steve Buscemi) is a private investigator occasionally hired by Jack. He first appears in the second-season episode "The Collection", where (while spying on Jack to determine if he has any skeletons in his closet which could prevent him from being named the new CEO of General Electric) he discovers Jack has a large collection of homemade ceramic cookie jars. Jack also hires him in the third season to obtain personal information about a man his mother was seeing, and (later) the true identity of his father. In "The Tuxedo Begins", Jack hires him after he is mugged. During his investigations, Wosniak will occasionally don a disguise as he sees fit. He claims he was once "part of a special task force of very young-looking cops who infiltrated high schools," in a reference to 21 Jump Street. While attempting to infiltrate the pages union by seducing Kenneth, Wosniak affixes a blond wig in order to assume the persona of the "nympho-coed Charlene LaRue"- the attempt ultimately fails as Kenneth was "impervious" to Mrs. LaRue's charms. In "Game Over" Lenny goes undercover at Kaylie Hooper's high school as a female drama teacher, Jan Foster, discovers that he prefers being Jan to being Lenny, and gets engaged to a female math teacher. Appears In: "The Collection", "The Natural Order", "Mamma Mia", "Season 4", "The Tuxedo Begins" and "Game Over". Shawn Connelly Shawn Connelly (Seth Kirschner) directs Tracy Jordan in Garfield 3: Feline Groovy until Tracy abruptly quits and causes the production to be shut down. His career ruined, Shawn is forced to move back into his parents' home. He again finds himself directing Tracy in an advertisement for the Boys & Girls Clubs, each elaborate take of which is ruined by Tracy's incompetence, until Jack Donaghy arrives on-set, feeds Tracy a mouth-full of jelly beans, and imitates his voice. Jack twice hires Shawn to direct films he executive produces and which star Jenna Maroney. The first is the Phil Rosenthal-penned family-friendly horror-torture soft-core porn film, Take My Hand promoting Stamford, Connecticut. He follows that up with the docudrama Liz Lemon wrote about Jack's wife's North Korean abduction: Kidnapped by Danger: The Avery Jessup Story, brought to you with limited interruptions by Pride bladder control pads. Pride: make every room a bathroom. Shawn discovers Jenna Maroney to be just as horrible to deal with as Tracy was, when he tries to direct her in an episode of Law & Order: Special Victims Unit after TGS is cancelled. Appears In: "Into the Crevasse", "Emanuelle Goes to Dinosaur Land", "Reaganing", "I Heart Connecticut", "Kidnapped by Danger", "Hogcock!" Bev Bev (Megan Mullally) is Liz Lemon's (later, Liz and Criss Chross's) adoption agent. She initially intends to reject Liz at the conclusion of her evaluation visit to Liz's workplace, many of the interviews of Liz's co-workers having reflected badly upon Liz or the safety of the studio for a child. Before Bev files her report, however, she sustains a head injury and forgets that she has conducted the evaluation. Liz gets the crew to help her "do over" the evaluation, hoping for a better result. Although Liz's marriage to Criss was calculated to increase her chance at adopting, Bev explains that there remains a four-year waiting list for newborns and tries to convince Liz to adopt an older child. Liz eventually agrees after realising that years of dealing with her "problem children" Tracy and Jenna have proven her parenting skills. Bev subsequently convinces Liz to accept twins rather than a single child and schedules their arrival for a few short days later. She gets the date wrong, however, and informs Criss that Terry and Janet are flying in that afternoon. Appears In: "Do-Over", "Game Over", "Florida", "A Goon's Deed in a Weary World" Cooter Burger (James Riley) Cooter Burger (Matthew Broderick) is a government employee and political lobbyist. He first met Jack in the declining Bush administration where together they worked to get fired by developing a "Gay Bomb". Years later, Cooter works as a Republican political lobbyist and tries to persuade Jack to have TGS make more sketches about Mitt Romney's fictional new running mate, Governor Dunston. Cooter's real name is James Riley; "Cooter Burger" is a combination of two nicknames given to him by George W. Bush. Appears In: "Cooter", "Governor Dunston". Simon Barrons Simon Barrons (Josh Fadem) is Liz's young, meek, enfeebled, low-level talent agent, who usually dresses in a comically oversized suit. He mostly represents animals (bragging at one point about how one of his clients inspired a character on the show The Wonder Pets) and proves to be completely useless in helping Liz plan for her post-TGS career. Liz eventually and rightly fires him, and his efforts to get re-hired are unsuccessful, as are his efforts to finally pass the New York bar exam. Appears In: "The Problem Solvers", "Plan B", "Today You Are a Man". Donald Donald (Michael Benjamin Washington) is an entrepreneur who pretends to be Tracy Jordan's son (despite being two years older than Tracy). His money-making ideas consist of questionable business practices, such as picking out corporate names already in use (a frozen-yogurt and microbrewery restaurant called Microsoft, and a phone service for nationwide air-quality updates called American Airlines). Tracy knows Donald is not his son; he supports his misguided ideas anyway, and Jack (who had convinced Tracy to cut Donald off) later tells Tracy to keep being a dad. Donald opens a karate dojo named for Tracy, but the business fails. He also tries to solicit Jack for an investment in a new restaurant. Appears In: "Mamma Mia", "Chain Reaction of Mental Anguish". Lynn Onkman Lynn Onkman (Susan Sarandon) is Frank's girlfriend and former high school teacher. Lynn seduced Frank when he was 14 years old and they became lovers. Lynn was eventually arrested and sent to jail. Lynn was released years later and reunited with Frank on an episode of Angie's reality show Queen of Jordan. Lynn and Frank broke up after an argument in which Lynn said that Frank still hadn't grown up, however, Lynn and Frank made up and continued their relationship. Frank's mother Sylvia heavily disapproved of Frank and Lynn's relationship, causing them to break up again. Liz was able to convince Sylvia to approve of Frank and Lynn's relationship when Sylvia sees Lynn's passion towards Frank, and so the two of them got back together. Despite Liz's help with Lynn and Frank's relationship, Lynn hates Liz, and has said that she believes Liz is a "terrible person". Lynn is also part of a Mexican prison gang named Los Tiburones. Appears In: "Queen of Jordan (30 Rock)", "Alexis Goodlooking and the Case of the Missing Whisky". Minor characters The following is a supplementary list of recurring characters—including those appearing briefly in multiple episodes, such as a regularly-appearing writer—about whom little is known. Gabe Person (Seth Baird) – Replaces Jonathan as Jack's assistant during season 6 and several episodes of season 7. His most prominent appearance is in "Grandmentor", where he is dismissed by Jack as being nothing more than a "featured extra with no lines" after attempting to gain the lead role in the film Kidnapped by Danger. Lee (Tom Broecker) – The show's costume manager; appears in eleven episodes. Broecker is the real-world costume designer for 30 Rock. Stage manager (Teddy Coluca) – Appears in six episodes. Tracy Davids (Tracy Davids) – The stage manager's assistant; appears in two episodes. He yells at her when she can not move quick enough ("stage manager"). D'Fwan (Tituss Burgess) – A flamboyantly gay member of Angie Jordan's entourage. Appears in four episodes. Rachel Baze (Rachel Hamilton) – One of the writers on the show; in "The Aftermath", Jack mentions her last name and that she just became engaged. She has speaking parts in two episodes. She appears often in the writers room during the first two seasons, but disappears after season 2. Anthony (Anthony Atamanuik) – One of the writers on the show; speaks in the final show. Donald (Donald Glover) – A stagehand on the show; has a speaking part in two episodes. Glover, a writer for 30 Rock, also briefly appears as a gay student graduating from Tracy Jordan's alma mater Frank Lucas High School when Jordan gives a commencement address in "Kidney Now!" Matt (Matt Dickinson) – Jack's assistant in two season-one episodes and one season-three episode (in place of Jonathan) Stage manager (Brendan Walsh) – Shouts "Shut it down!" at the end of each of the two episodes he appears in (referred to in credits as "Shut It Down"). Alfonso Mysterioso/TGS Piano Player (Jeff Richmond) – Jenna's pianist. He appears in "Ludachristmas" and "Christmas Special". Richmond also appeared in "The Aftermath" and "St. Valentine's Day." He also appears as the TGS piano player in the first-season episode "The Baby Show". Richmond is the real-world primary composer on 30 Rock and Tina Fey's husband. His last name is called out when he is fired from Jenna's talent show (Hey, Baby, What's Wrong). Richard Esposito (Himself) – Jenna's hairstylist. He is long-suffering at the hands of Jenna's antics. They have an antagonistic relationship. Tim Grandy (Kevin Miller) – One of the writers on the show; in "The Aftermath", Jack mentions he is from Bowie, Maryland. He has a brief speaking part in "The C Word". Grace Park (Charlyne Yi) – An NBC page who has a slight romantic history with Kenneth. Appeared in "The C Word". Hannibal (Hannibal Buress) – A homeless man who seems to appear at moments most inconvenient to Liz and her staff. Buress was a writer for 30 Rock in seasons 5–6. He appears in "Chain Reaction of Mental Anguish", "Operation Righteous Cowboy Lightning", "TGS Hates Women", "Plan B", "100", "Respawn", "The Tuxedo Begins", "Leap Day" and "Queen of Jordan 2: Mystery of the Phantom Pooper". Moonvest (Craig Castaldo) – A homeless man who wears a vest with crescent moons on it. He appears in "The Head and the Hair", "Audition Day", and "I Do Do". His name is a reference to Leslie Moonves (president of NBC's competitor CBS Corporation) to whom the NBC executives assume Kenneth is referring, and avant-garde street musician Moondog. Sketch-Tron 6000 A recurring TGS robot sketch character originally from outer space, he appears in skits like "The Bear and Robot Talk Show", flashback dreams by Tracy Jordan, vice presidential debate skits, as well as simple background appearances behind major characters or on stage for TGS rehearsals in nine episodes over the show's 7 seasons. He appears in "Blind Date", Episode 210, "Cutbacks", "Live Show", "¡Qué Sorpresa!", "100", "The Beginning of the End", "Governor Dunston", and "A Goon's Deed in a Weary World". A Sketch-Tron 6000 fan site shows all appearances he made on the show. Brian Williams (Himself) – He has made a number of cameo appearances as (an exaggerated) version of himself, portrayed as clueless and trying too hard to be funny. He also appeared as David Brinkley in the West Coast broadcast of "Live from Studio 6H". Sherry (Adriane Lenox) – Liddy's Trinidadian nanny who proves to be a powerful negotiator against Jack. She appears in "It's Never Too Late for Now", "Everything Sunny All the Time Always", "Respawn" and "Leap Day". Male Newscaster (Jonathan Dickson) – The guy Tina Fey (Liz Lemon) gets her news from when she's down South and sick in bed. He appears in Stone Mountain Guest characters 30 Rock has featured a number of guest appearances (including cameos and featured fictional roles): Clay Aiken as himself; revealed to be the cousin of Kenneth Parcell. Buzz Aldrin as himself (former lover of Liz's mother, Margaret Lemon (then Freeman), to whom she "repeatedly lost her virginity" while Waldo, the town pervert, watched from the bushes) Harry Anderson as himself Jennifer Aniston as Claire Harper (a wild college friend of Jenna and Liz) Fred Armisen as Raheem Haddad (Liz's new neighbor, whom she believes is a terrorist) William Baldwin as Lance Drake Mandrell, an actor who portrays Jack in the television movie "Kidnapped by Danger". Sara Bareilles as herself The Beastie Boys as themselves Joy Behar as herself Richard Belzer as himself portraying Sergeant John Munch Tony Bennett as himself Mary J. Blige as herself Michael Bloomberg as himself Nick Cannon as himself Jim Carrey as himself portraying the lead in Leap Day Williams James Carville as himself Don Cheadle as himself Anna Chlumsky as Liz Lemler, Floyd's former girlfriend. John Cho as Lorne, a crystal meth smuggler Margaret Cho as Kim Jong-il and Kim Jong-un. Gary Cole as Roger Tim Conway as Bucky Bright (an idol of Kenneth's who turns out to be a prejudiced, bisexual, womanizer; he points himself (Conway) out in a McHale's Navy publicity photo). Conway won an Emmy for the episode. Elvis Costello as himself Bryan Cranston as Ron, Kenneth's step-father Sheryl Crow as herself Ann Curry as herself Robert De Niro as himself Jeff Dunham and Bubba J as Rick Wayne and his dummy Pumpkin respectively (whom Jack finds hilarious and demands that he be hired over Liz's objections—until Pumpkin insults Liz and is then killed by Jack). Steve Earle as himself Jimmy Fallon as himself / a young Jack Donaghy in "Live from Studio 6H" Will Ferrell as the lead in Bitch Hunter, a made-up NBC show about the main character, played by Ferrell, who hunts bitches. Carrie Fisher as Rosemary Howard (a book author and Liz's girlhood idol, who has become mentally unstable) Mick Foley as his wrestling persona Mankind James Franco as himself Ina Garten as herself Ghostface Killah as himself Paul Giamatti as Ritchie Kathie Lee Gifford as herself Alan Gilbert (conductor) and members of the New York Philharmonic as themselves Whoopi Goldberg as herself Al Gore as himself Kelsey Grammer as himself / a member of the "Best Friends Gang" who steal from Carvel Bill Hader as Kevin, Carol's co-pilot Tom Hanks as himself Sean Hayes as Jesse Parcell Florence Henderson as herself Edward Herrmann as Walter, a co-op board member (Episode 210, 2008) Lester Holt as himself Ice-T as himself portraying Detective Odafin Tutuola Norah Jones as herself Jon Bon Jovi as himself Kim Kardashian as herself Stacy Keach as himself Michael Keaton as Tom, an NBC maintenance man. Kermit the Frog as himself Gayle King as herself Larry King as himself Calvin Klein as himself Gladys Knight as herself John Krasinski as himself Karolina Kurkova as herself Talib Kweli as himself Padma Lakshmi as herself Nathan Lane as Eddie Donaghy, Jack's brother Matt Lauer as himself Cyndi Lauper as herself Adam Levine as himself John Lithgow as himself LL Cool J as hip-hop mogul Ridikolous Ryan Lochte as himself Julia Louis-Dreyfus as Liz Lemon in cutaway flashbacks in the "Live Show" Kellan Lutz as a fictional version of himself who is J.D. Lutz's grand-nephew. Patti LuPone as Sylvia Rossitano (Frank's mother) Andie MacDowell as herself portraying Claire Williams in Leap Dave Williams Rachel Maddow as herself Steve Martin as Gavin Volure Paul McCartney as himself Michael McDonald as himself John McEnroe as himself Tim Meadows as Martin Lutherking, an NBC lawyer. Rhett Miller as himself Vanessa Minnillo as Carmen Chao, a news anchor and Avery's rival. Andrea Mitchell as herself Conan O'Brien as himself Catherine O'Hara as Pearline, Kenneth's mother. Suze Orman as herself Nancy Pelosi as herself Aubrey Plaza as an NBC page (a job she once held in real life) Amy Poehler as a young Liz Lemon Markie Post as herself Queen Latifah as Congresswoman Regina Bookman Alysia Reiner as a Real Estate agent in "Sun Tea" Rob Reiner as Congressman Rob Reiner, a fictional version of himself Paul Reubens as Prince Gerhardt, a fictional member of the Habsburg line with various disabilities Denise Richards as herself Andy Richter as Liz's brother, Mitch Al Roker as himself Andy Samberg as himself Susan Sarandon as Lynn Onkman, Frank's high school teacher and girlfriend Amy Schumer as Liz Lemon's stylist in the episode "Mamma Mia" David Schwimmer as Jared, an actor hired to play "Greenzo", a global warming mascot Amy Sedaris as Visor Lady Jerry Seinfeld as himself (to discuss SeinfeldVision) Molly Shannon as Katherine Catherine Donaghy, Jack's Sister Reshma Shetty as a Party Attendant in "Secrets and Lies" John Slattery as Steve Austin, an independent congressional candidate who Jack endorses Aaron Sorkin as himself Octavia Spencer as herself Emma Stone as herself Stanley Tucci as Henry Warren, an old colleague of Jack Meredith Vieira as herself in two episodes, and mentioned as a sexual predator of Kenneth in another Oprah Winfrey as Liz Lemon's hallucination of Oprah Winfrey Jack Welch as himself Adam West as himself Betty White as herself; Tracy attempts to call and scare her to death, but fails Wendy Williams as herself "Weird" Al Yankovic as himself Rachael Yamagata as herself Notes References 30 Rock Characters

8473895

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Giuseppe%20Marchese

Giuseppe Marchese

Giuseppe Marchese (born 12 December 1963) is a former member of the Sicilian Mafia, who turned state witness (pentito). Giuseppe Pino Marchese was born in Palermo in a family with long-standing ties to the Mafia. His father Vincenzo and his uncle Filippo Marchese were both members of Cosa Nostra. Early Mafia career He learned the hard way what it meant to be born in a Mafia family. When he was 16 he wanted to marry a girl. However, her parents were separated, which, according to the rules of Cosa Nostra, was not allowed. Giuseppe’s brother made the suggestion that he "clean up the family mess" and marry an orphan instead of the daughter of separated parents. In other words, Giuseppe was supposed to kill his girlfriend’s father. If he would not do it, his brother would. Giuseppe broke off the relationship. In 1980, just 17 years old, Giuseppe Marchese was initiated into the Mafia by Salvatore Riina and Leoluca Bagarella as ‘reserved’ man of honour affiliated with the Corleonesi. His membership of Cosa Nostra was to be kept confidential in order to work exclusively for Riina and his uncle. He became one of the many killers at the disposal of the Corleonesi in the Second Mafia War. Arrest He was only 18 when he participated in the so-called "Christmas Massacre" when, on the afternoon of 25 December 1981, in Bagheria, three Mafiosi – including Giovanni Di Peri, the boss of Villabate – and an innocent bystander were murdered. Giuseppe Greco and Marchese's uncle Filippo Marchese also took part in the bloodshed. Giuseppe Marchese was captured on 15 January 1982, and imprisoned for his role in the Christmas Massacre. His conviction was secured by the fact that his fingerprint was found on the steering wheel of one of the getaway-cars (the forensic scientist, Dr. Paolo Giaccone, who found and identified the fingerprint was subsequently shot to death by Rosario Rotolo, one of Filippo Marchese's killers; at the Maxi Trial, Rotolo was convicted of this murder). Marchese was given a life sentence as part of the Maxi Trial in 1987. Betrayed by Riina On 11 May 1989 Giuseppe Marchese and his brother Antonino battered to death Vincenzo Puccio, boss of the mandamento of Ciaculli and a fellow convict and hitman for the Corleonesi. Puccio had been plotting to overthrow the Corleonesi bosses, Salvatore Riina and Bernardo Provenzano. Giuseppe and Antonino Marchese had been ordered to kill Puccio by Riina but were unaware that Riina, on the same day, had Puccio's brother murdered. A deliberate ploy by Riina to ensure the Marchese brothers were unable to claim they had carried out the killing of Vincenzo Puccio during a spontaneous act of self-defence. The two Marcheses were subsequently given additional life sentences. Pentito In September 1992 he became a pentito and started to collaborate with the authorities. He claimed he was disillusioned by Riina's tactics of murder and treachery, complaining he had been used then discarded by Riina. Marchese admitted to have participated in more than 20 murders, including the one on Stefano Bontade and Salvatore Inzerillo. He was the second (after the Marino Mannoia) mafioso from the winning faction of the Corleonesi in the Second Mafia War to become state witness. Although isn't involved, he also talked about Pino Greco's killing Giuseppe Marchese was a brother in-law of Leoluca Bagarella from Corleone, who married his sister Vincenzina in 1991. According to pentito Toni Calvaruso, Vincenzina committed suicide on 12 May 1995, due to her depressive state after a series of miscarriages, her brother becoming a pentito and her husband's involvement with the death of Giuseppe Di Matteo. References Longrigg, Clare (1998). Mafia Women, London: Vintage Paoli, Letizia (2003). Mafia Brotherhoods: Organized Crime, Italian Style, Oxford/New York: Oxford University Press Siebert, Renate (1996). Secrets Of Life And Death. Women and the Mafia, London: Verso Stille, Alexander (1995). Excellent Cadavers. The Mafia and the Death of the First Italian Republic, London: Vintage 1963 births Pentiti Sicilian mafiosi 20th-century Italian criminals Italian people convicted of manslaughter Italian people convicted of murder People convicted of murder by Italy Prisoners sentenced to life imprisonment by Italy Sicilian mafiosi sentenced to life imprisonment Living people

8473911

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eugene%20Van%20Gent

Eugene Van Gent

Conrad Eugene Van Gent (December 23, 1889 – June 12, 1949) was an American football and basketball player and coach. He served as the head football at the University of Texas at Austin in 1916, at the University Farm, now the University of California, Davis, in 1920, and at Stanford University in 1921, compiling a career college football record of 14–8–3. Van Gent was also the head basketball coach at the University of Missouri (1914–1916), Texas (1916–1917), and Stanford (1921–1922), tallying a career college basketball mark of 42–19. Van Gent played football and basketball, and ran track at the University of Wisconsin–Madison. He was selected to the College Basketball All-American team in 1914. Coaching career During his two seasons as basketball head coach at the University of Missouri, from 1914 to 1916, Van Gent led to the Tigers to a 21–9 overall record. The University of Texas hired Van Gent as both football and basketball head coach in 1916. He coached for one season in each sport before joining the military to fight in the World War I. In the 1916 college football season, Van Gent directed Texas to a 7–2 overall record in football and a 6–1 record in Southwest Conference play. As men's basketball head coach for the 1916–17 season, he directed the Longhorns to a 13–3 overall record (7–1 in conference play) and their third consecutive Southwest Conference championship. In 1921, Van Gent coached the Stanford Cardinal football team, compiling a 4–2–2 record. Van Gent also coached Stanford's basketball team in 1921–22. He fell ill with encephalitis lethargica in December 1922 and was hospitalized in San Francisco. Head coaching record Football Basketball References External links 1889 births 1949 deaths American men's basketball players Missouri Tigers men's basketball coaches Stanford Cardinal men's basketball coaches Stanford Cardinal football coaches Texas Longhorns football coaches Texas Longhorns men's basketball coaches UC Davis Aggies football coaches Wisconsin Badgers men's basketball players Wisconsin Badgers football players College men's track and field athletes in the United States All-American college men's basketball players University of Missouri faculty People from Ottumwa, Iowa Coaches of American football from Iowa Players of American football from Iowa Basketball coaches from Iowa Basketball players from Iowa Track and field athletes from Iowa

8473927

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Knockanare%20Well

Knockanare Well

Knockanare Well is a holy well in County Cork, Ireland. It is situated on the left bank of the River Awbeg, about a half-mile east of Buttevant and southeast of the Ballyhoura Mountains. A Sheela na Gig once stood next to the well. The water from this well remains crystal-clear and sweet. Folklore attributes various special powers to this well, such as that its water will not boil or that two trout appear in it at certain times of the year. A story regarding this well states that one day, one of Fionn Mac Cumhail's men strayed from his company and sought the hospitality of a local chieftain. He fell in love with the chieftain's daughter and they eloped. The chieftain's men caught up with them and the man was mortally wounded. At the advice of locals, he bathed in the Knockanare Well and was cured. Another story states that during the wars of rebellion, Irish wounded in battle were taken to the well and cured instantly. An English general scoffed at these miracles until his own son was wounded in battle and subsequently cured by the well. In celebration, the general supposedly built golden gates near the well that were later dismantled and hidden nearby. References Irish mythology Religion in County Cork Holy wells in Ireland

8473931

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joy%20Langan

Joy Langan

Joy Langan (23 January 1943 – 30 July 2009) was a member of the House of Commons of Canada from 1988 to 1993. Her background was in journalism, writing and social activism. She was elected in the 1988 federal election, representing the Mission—Coquitlam electoral district for the New Democratic Party. She served in the 34th Canadian Parliament but lost to Daphne Jennings of the Reform Party in the 1993 federal election. She also campaigned unsuccessfully in the 1997 federal election in the Port Moody—Coquitlam riding. Death Langan was diagnosed with breast cancer and died after a battle with the disease in Port Moody, British Columbia on 30 July 2009, aged 66. References External links 1943 births 2009 deaths Canadian women journalists Deaths from breast cancer Journalists from British Columbia New Democratic Party MPs Members of the House of Commons of Canada from British Columbia Women members of the House of Commons of Canada Women in British Columbia politics Deaths from cancer in British Columbia 20th-century Canadian women politicians Canadian women non-fiction writers

8473938

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John%20Young%20%28musician%29

John Young (musician)

John Young (born 31 May 1956) is a British rock musician hailing from Liverpool. He is currently the keyboardist and singer for the progressive rock band Lifesigns. Biography Young spent his early years at the Liverpool Metropolitan Cathedral where he was classically trained on piano and vocals. His first bands were mainly semi-pro jazz rock bands, and he played in these into the mid 1980s. His first major break came in 1985 when he auditioned and became part of Uli Jon Roth's Band (ex-Scorpions). After a world tour, Young did studio and session work with artists including Steeleye Span and Bon Jovi. He formed a band with Jon Camp (Renaissance) which signed to Warner Bros, but failed to produce any material before the project was disbanded. Young went on to play with the MTV band in London and during this time he met John Wetton who asked him to join Asia for two European tours. Shortly after that he joined Paul Rodgers and Kenney Jones in a very short lived band called The Law. They played a single show at the Bowl in Milton Keynes with Bryan Adams and ZZ Top. Young joined Bonnie Tyler in the mid 1990s and has worked with her live band ever since. In 2000, he's worked with another short lived band called Qango including John Wetton on bass and vocals, Dave Kilminster on guitars and back-up vocals and Carl Palmer on drums, as a spin off from Asia. They've published a live album, Live in the Hood later that year, consisting of material from Asia and Palmer's previous band ELP and one original song The last one home. And then later in 2001, Young joined the Scorpions for a world tour of their CD Acoustica. 2001 saw him co-writing the Fish album Fellini Days with John Wesley and also appearing on the resulting live album Fellini Nights. John Young has also worked as part of the re-generated Greenslade appearing on the albums Large Afternoon and Live 2001. He also toured with John Wetton, appearing on several live albums with the singer bass player, Live in Tokyo 1997, An evening With John Wetton in 2002 on which he appears on one song. He was also a part of the band for the live 2002 album, Live at the John Wetton Fan Convention also featuring Geoff Downes on keyboards, John Mitchell on guitars and back up vocals, Steve Christey on drums as well as John Wetton on bass and lead vocals. In 2002, Young formed his own band, The John Young Band following the release of the albums Life Underground and Significance. Young has worked with Jon Anderson of Yes. The first product of that union saw Jon Anderson touring Europe and playing the song "Sooner (Than Later)", a track co-penned with Young. Young has worked as keyboard player with The Strawbs on their November/December 2010 Canada/UK tour, alongside Dave Cousins, Dave Lambert, Chas Cronk, and Tony Fernandez. A small number of John Young Band gigs took place at the end of 2012 and during 2013. Young also completed an album of instrumental music, "Financial Meltdown", which continues the series of albums in the vein of "Political Agenda" and "Scientific Breakthrough". Music from this album is often used on various TV productions. In recent years John Young has been working with Nick Beggs (Steven Wilson Band), Frosty Beedle (Cutting Crew) and Steve Rispin (Sound Engineer for Asia) on a new prog rock orientated project called "Lifesigns", which signed to Esoteric Records in a one-album deal. The Lifesigns album was released in early 2013. As well as the core band members, Lifesigns also features guest contributions from Steve Hackett (Genesis), Jakko Jakszyk (Jakszyk Fripp & Collins)(King Crimson), Thijs van Leer (Focus), Robin Boult (Howard Jones, Fish). Lifesigns began performing live in 2014. This version includes Jon Poole (ex-Cardiacs) on bass/vocals and Niko Tsonev (ex-Steve Wilson band) on guitar/vocals. The album has five tracks: "Lighthouse", "Telephone", "Fridge Full of Stars", "At the End of the World" and "Carousel". A live DVD "Under the Bridge – Live in London," culled from two performances at Stamford Bridge in January 2015 was released in October 2015. Work on the second studio release was announced via the pledgemusic crowd funding website in 2015 with the following message. "It's still hard to believe how far the band has come in a few short years, from local pubs to playing to nearly 50,000 people over the summer. Supporting Marillion in Germany through to festivals at Lorelei, Ramblin Man and Cropredy. A great deal of this is thanks to you our friends and supporters and the wonderful PledgeMusic. We have little or no press and radio so word of mouth is everything. Cardington will be the next stage in our growth. Cardington is the title track but this is not a concept CD just a concept track about some Sheds in Bedfordshire! We think those of you who joined with us in funding the live DVD/CD package (Under the Bridge) will know our commitment to quality. The music Lifesigns creates is both progressive and popular. It can be complex or simple but hopefully always melodic and uplifting. Thank you for all the Telephone boxes.... we look forward to the Airships." Within 48hrs the full target had been met and the writing and recording process began in earnest. In August 2016, Niko Tsonev announced that he was leaving the band to concentrate on other projects including "Moonparticle" Cardington was released in late summer 2017 and consists of seven tracks: "N", "Voice In My Head", "Chasing Rainbows", "Different", "Impossible", "Touch", "Cardington". As with the first album the core band members were augmented by guest musicians including:- Dave Bainbridge (Iona, Celestial Fire, Strawbs), Robin Boult (Fish, Howard Jones), Menno Gootjes (Focus) and Niko Tsonev (Steven Wilson, Lifesigns, Moonparticle). To date the album has met with very favourable reviews, both from fans and critics alike. Including a review and article in Prog Magazine. (http://teamrock.com/review/2017-09-05/lifesigns-cardington-album-review) Dave Bainbridge was confirmed as the replacement for Niko Tsonev for live dates in the summer of 2017, including a short UK Tour, Progdreams VII and Cruise To The Edge. He will bring a new perspective to the live sound with both his guitar, additional keyboards and a touch of bouzouki thrown in for good measure. John also plans to re-release his solo album "Significance" in the very near future. Current band members Lifesigns current members are: John Young – Lead vocals, keyboards Jon Poole – bass, backing vocals Dave Bainbridge – guitars , keyboards, backing vocals Zoltan Csorsz – drums Steve Rispin – FOH engineer (Asia, Yes) Past members: Frosty Beedle – drums, backing vocals Niko Tsonev – guitars Nick Beggs – bass John Young Band members have included: Robin Boult – guitars (Howard Jones, Fish) Ian Salmon – bass, backing vocals (Arena) Dave Stewart – drums (Deacon Blue, Fish, Albert Hammond) John Jowitt – bass, backing vocals (IQ) Steve Vantsis – bass, backing vocals (Fish, TILT) References External links Official Lifesigns Website Facebook Page (Lifesigns) Lifesigns members Asia (band) members Living people 1956 births Greenslade members English rock keyboardists Qango (band) members The Law (English band) members

8473942

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/North%20Connel

North Connel

North Connel is a hamlet on the north side of Loch Etive in Argyll and Bute, Scotland. Connel Bridge connects the community to Connel on the south shore of the loch, approximately 7 kilometres from Oban. While the bridge belonged to British Rail, a toll was charged to cross and it closed at night. Once sparsely populated, the number of houses in North Connel quickly increased after the bridge was handed over to Argyllshire County Council in the late 1960s. Oban Airport or Connel Airfield is nearby. References External links Villages in Argyll and Bute

8473955

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeff%20Martin%20%28All%20My%20Children%29

Jeff Martin (All My Children)

Jeff Martin is a fictional character from the ABC soap opera All My Children. He is the oldest son of Joseph "Joe" Martin Sr. and his deceased wife, Helen Martin. Dr. Jeff Martin was played by Christopher Wines, Charles Frank, Frank Telfer, Robert Perault, James O'Sullivan, Jeffrey Byron, John Tripp, and John James. Storylines Dr. Joe Martin left California following the death of his wife Helen to return to his native Pine Valley, Pennsylvania with children Jeff, Tara, and Bobby (The character of Bobby was later dropped from the show.) to live with his mother, Kate Martin. While in medical school Jeff fell in love with Pine Valley resident Erica Kane. The two married and Erica began to pursue a modeling career. Money problems arose, Erica became very bored with Jeff's long hours and lack of money and both began to stray from their marriage. Erica became pregnant. This could have been a career-ending situation, so she chose to have an abortion behind Jeff's back. Although Jeff was livid, he chose to stick out his marriage. While Erica was in the hospital, Jeff met nurse Mary Kennicott. Unable to resolve their differences, Jeff and Erica divorced. Jeff moved on to Mary and soon remarried. They took in a young boy named Thaddeus Gardner, who had been pushed from a moving vehicle by his father Ray Garner. When Mary was murdered during a home invasion, Jeff relinquished custody to his father and stepmother, Joe and Ruth Martin. Jeff found happiness again with Christina Karras, a fellow doctor at Pine Valley Hospital. Christina was engaged to Dr. David Thorton. When he was murdered, Jeff helped Christina clear her name and the two married and left Pine Valley. Jeff returned to Pine Valley in 2006 when informed by his father Joe that the child they believed Erica had aborted was alive and now in Pine Valley. Jeff attempted to reach out to his son, Josh and in the process rekindled a romance with Erica. Shortly after Jeff's arrival, Dr. Madden was found murdered. Jeff and Erica had been at odds about whether or not to divulge the truth to Josh, but in his grief, it seemed the perfect time to comfort him as only parents could. Josh didn't receive the news well, and was torn between hating the man who created him, and loving that same man for having treated him like a true son. At first he wanted no part of his real family, and cast doubtful eyes on those he thought might have killed Greg Madden. He was also very smitten with Babe Chandler, something that Erica hated because of what she had done to Bianca. Finding out they had a son brought Erica and Jeff close again, and their interaction in dealing with Josh began to affect her marriage to Jack. When Erica moved into the Valley Inn for some 'me' time, and failed to return, Jack had her belongings delivered to her hotel room door. Jeff felt encouraged that perhaps he might win Erica back when he began suffering from bouts of malaria and she climbed into bed with him to help quell his fevered shivering. Josh eventually eased into a relationship with both Erica and Jeff, and escorted his 'new mother' home to spend Christmas with Jack and the family. After a short-lived affair with Erica, Jeff decided to return to his work in Africa. References External links Jeff Martin – Who's Who In Pine Valley All My Children characters Fictional physicians Television characters introduced in 1970 Male characters in television

8474019

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marchmont%20Schwartz

Marchmont Schwartz

Marchmont H. "Marchy" Schwartz (March 20, 1909 – April 18, 1991) was an American college football player and coach. He played football at the University of Notre Dame from 1929 to 1931, and was a two-time All-American at halfback. Schwartz served as the head football coach at Creighton University from 1935 to 1939 and at Stanford University from 1942 to 1950, compiling a career college football coaching record of 47–50–6; Stanford, like may other universities, suspended football during World War II. He was inducted into the College Football Hall of Fame as a player in 1974. Early life and playing career Schwartz was of Jewish heritage, and was a graduate of Saint Stanislaus College high school in Bay St. Louis, Mississippi. From 1929 to 1930, he led Notre Dame, coached by Knute Rockne, to a 19–0 record and consecutive national championships. In a game against Carnegie Tech in 1931, he rushed for 188 yards, including touchdown runs of 58 and 60 yards. Coaching career Schwartz served as an assistant football coach at Notre Dame from 1932 to 1933 under Heartley Anderson, and at the University of Chicago in 1934 under Clark Shaughnessy. In 1940, Shaughnessy hired Schwartz as Stanford's backfield coach. He helped coach the 1940 "Wow Boys" that recorded a perfect season and won the 1941 Rose Bowl. Death Schwartz died on April 18, 1991, in Danville, California, to which he had retired, at age 82. Head coaching record References External links 1909 births 1991 deaths American football halfbacks Chicago Maroons football coaches Creighton Bluejays athletic directors Creighton Bluejays football coaches Notre Dame Fighting Irish football coaches Notre Dame Fighting Irish football players Stanford Cardinal football coaches All-American college football players College Football Hall of Fame inductees Sportspeople from Danville, California Players of American football from Contra Costa County, California People from Bay St. Louis, Mississippi Sportspeople from New Orleans Players of American football from New Orleans Players of American football from Mississippi Jewish American sportspeople 20th-century American Jews

8474038

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hamzah%20Idris

Hamzah Idris

Hamzah Idris Falatah (, born 8 October 1972) is a Saudi Arabian footballer. He played as a striker for Ohud from 1992 to 1995 and then for Al Ittihad until he retired in 2007. For Saudi Arabia national team he participated at the 1994 FIFA World Cup, 1996 Summer Olympics and at 1999 FIFA Confederations Cup. He held the national record for most goals scored in one season at 33 goals for the 1999–2000 season. This record was superseded in 2018–2019 season, when Abderrazak Hamdallah scored 34 goals . He is currently an assistant coach for Al-Ittihad, He was number 9 for Al-Ittihad. Club Career Stats References External links 1972 births Living people Sportspeople from Medina Saudi Arabian men's footballers Saudi Arabia men's international footballers Al-Ittihad Club (Jeddah) players Ohod Club players 1992 King Fahd Cup players 1992 AFC Asian Cup players 1994 FIFA World Cup players Olympic footballers for Saudi Arabia Footballers at the 1996 Summer Olympics 1999 FIFA Confederations Cup players 2000 AFC Asian Cup players AFC Asian Cup-winning players Footballers at the 1990 Asian Games Men's association football forwards Saudi First Division League players Saudi Pro League players Asian Games competitors for Saudi Arabia 20th-century Saudi Arabian people 21st-century Saudi Arabian people

8474062

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Life%20and%20Times%20of%20Vivienne%20Vyle

The Life and Times of Vivienne Vyle

The Life and Times of Vivienne Vyle is a British sitcom that was originally aired on BBC Two in 2007. The programme was written and created by Jennifer Saunders and Tanya Byron. The show stars Saunders as the title character of the talk show host, a caricature of Jeremy Kyle and other talk show hosts. Background and content The Life and Times of Vivienne Vyle is described as a black comedy and a show-within-a-show, following both the on-screen and off-screen life of fictional TV host Vivienne Vyle, played by Jennifer Saunders. The programme follows the life of Vyle as she tries to balance her newly ascendant fame with her personal life. The BBC described the show as "Ab Fab meets The Larry Sanders Show with quite a bit of Ricki Lake and Oprah thrown in". In a similar vein to confessional-style shows such as The Jerry Springer Show and Trisha, Vyle's show has episodes dedicated to raunchy and sensationalistic themes such as "My son calls the wrong man daddy" and "I want a vagina but can't kick the crack!" Vyle's name is a spoof on Jeremy Kyle, whose mannerisms and style of show are both parodied by Saunders' portrayal of Vyle. The series is co-written with psychologist Tanya Byron, who originally came up with the idea and approached Saunders. Producer Jo Sargent stated: "She presented the idea for a comedy on the subject to Saunders, the aim being a black comedy with pop psychology at the root". Plot The Life and Times of Vivienne Vyle revolves around Vivienne Vyle, a former weather presenter and presenter on TV-am, who now has her own talk show. Desperate for success, she is encouraged by the show's ambitious producer Helena De'Wend, who also owns her own production company. Helena is always trying to improve ratings, and her child only speaks Spanish as the nanny spends more time with him than with his mother. Vivienne's husband is Jared, who is gay and loves karaoke. Her PR adviser is Miriam, who is a transgender woman for whom Jared has an intense dislike. Vivienne's main rival is Chris Connor, who unlike Vyle has a good rapport with his audience. The Vivienne Vyle Show'''s new psychotherapist is Dr. Jonathan Fowler, who constantly protests that many of the show's guests are too mentally unstable to appear on the show. The floor manager is the organised Carol and the director is Des. Abigail is the runner and Damien the researcher, who also builds up tension with the guests before they appear on the show. Reception The Life and Times of Vivienne Vyle received a generally unfavourable reception by critics. The New York Times wrote: "You might even tear up. But it still would have been better to leave us laughing." Variety wrote that "the intentionally awkward moments are just that, failing to generate any appreciable laughs." PopMatters wrote: "this, for the most part, is anything but uplifting. Not that the first five episodes aren't worth watching (they are, but it's not for light laughs), but it's a shame it took until the last one of this series [...] to find its comic stride." The Guardian critic wrote: "The Life and Times of Vivienne Vyle may be topical but it isn't clever, funny or entertaining", before another author from the same publication countered this opinion, writing, "The viewers and critics are wrong." Cast Jennifer Saunders - Vivienne Vyle Miranda Richardson - Helena De'Wend Conleth Hill - Jared Jason Watkins - Dr Jonathan Fowler Antonia Campbell-Hughes - Abigail Wilson Helen Griffin - Carol Dave Lamb - Des Lawry Lewin - Damien Christopher Ryan - Miriam Rochelle Gadd - Dionne Brian Conley - Chris Connor Episodes Worldwide broadcastThe Life and Times of Vivienne Vyle'' aired on Showcase in Canada, Sundance Channel in the United States, yes stars Base in Israel, Comedy Central in The Netherlands, GNT in Brazil, RTP2 in Portugal, DR2 in Denmark, YLE in Finland and UKTV in Australia. References External links 2000s British black comedy television series 2000s British sitcoms 2007 British television series debuts 2007 British television series endings BBC television sitcoms British parody television series English-language television shows Narcissism in fiction Television series about television

8474079

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James%20L.%20McMichael

James L. McMichael

James L. McMichael (born 1939) is an American poet and educator. Life The Pasadena, California native, McMichael received his Ph.D. from Stanford University. In 1970, following the breakup of his first marriage, he married his second wife, Phylinda Wallace, a translator. They later divorced and he remarried. He has three children, Robert, Geoffrey and Owen. McMichael is a Professor Emeritus in the English department under the School of Humanities at the University of California, Irvine. "McMichael writes densely; his language is compacted, coiled, sprung (in Hopkins's sense) and highly allusive. It is never simple or straightforward," writes Liz Rozenberg in a Boston Globe review. Eric McHenry, in a brief review of Capacity in The New York Times, wrote: "Since 1980, his [McMichael's] sole contributions to the genre (excluding a "new and selected") have been three book-length poems, each strikingly different from the others and from anything else on the market. In Capacity, he has exchanged the long lines and explicit autobiography of the previous two for dispassion, elision and lines as short as a syllable." Awards His first new poetry collection in a decade, Capacity, was a finalist for the 2006 National Book Award for Poetry. He has been awarded a Guggenheim Fellowship, a 1995 Whiting Award, the 1999 Arthur Rense Prize, the Shelley Memorial Award, and the Academy of American Poets' Fellowship. Books Poetry Against the Falling Evil (Chicago: Swallow Press, 1971), The Lovers Familiar (Boston: David R. Godine, 1978), Four Good Things (Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1980), , "a sprawling autobiographical meditation on life, death, and real-estate, set in [...] Southern California" Each in a Place Apart (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1994), The World at Large: New and Selected Poems, 1971-1996, (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1996), Capacity (New York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 2006), seven long poems including “The Begotten”. If You Can Tell: Poems (New York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 2016) Other The Style of the Short Poem (Belmont, Calif.: Wadsworth, 1967) Just What the Country Needs, Another Poetry Anthology (Belmont, Calif.: Wadsworth, 1971), , ed. with Dennis Saleh Ulysses and Justice (Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press, 1991), , a study of James Joyce References External links Faculty bio – University of California, Irvine Profile at The Whiting Foundation 1939 births Living people American male poets University of California, Irvine faculty Writers from Pasadena, California Stanford University alumni

8474081

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pasillo

Pasillo

Pasillo () is a Colombian genre of music popular in the territories that composed the 19th century Viceroyalty of New Granada: Born in the Colombian Andes during the independence wars, it spread to other areas; especially Ecuador (where it is considered the national musical style) and, to a lesser extent, the mountainous regions of Venezuela and Panama. Venezuelans refer to this style of music as "vals" (Spanish for "Waltz"). Today, it has incorporated more European features of classical dance, such as Viennese waltz in Colombia and features of sanjuanito and yaraví in Ecuador. As it spread during the Gran Colombia period, pasillo also absorbed the individual characteristics of isolated villages. This gives it an eclectic feel; however, the style, tone, and tempo of the music differ in each village and indeed between each country. In its waltz, pasillo alters the classically European dance form to accompany guitar, mandolin, and other string instruments. History Invented in the 19th century, pasillo became closely associated with the Colombian War of Independence, the Ecuadorian War of Independence, and Ecuadorian nationalism. Pasillo gained popularity from the recordings of the duet "Ecuador", once performed by Enrique Ibañez Mora and Nicasio Safadi. It reached its international apex during the career of Julio Jaramillo. Younger generations of Ecuadorians still enjoy pasillos, including new styles sung by Juan Fernando Velasco and Margarita Lazo. Some Ecuadorian pasillos include "Pasional", "Invernal", "Ángel de Luz", "El aguacate", and many others. Pasillo has been a very popular style of music in Colombia since the 19th century. Famous Colombian pasillos include "Espumas", "Pueblito viejo", "Pescador lucero y río", and "Oropel". Colombian artists, such as Silva y Villalba and Garzon y Collazos, have helped popularize pasillo around the world. In Ecuador Ecuadorian pasillo adds the influence of sanjuanito, so Ecuadorian pasillo is slow and melancholic. Differing from other countries, Ecuadorian pasillo became a national music symbol. According to author Ketty Wong, since the beginning of the 20th century the Ecuadorian pasillo stopped being a festive genre played in saloons and bands became more popular. It had many singles with melancholic texts referring to nostalgic and brokenhearted feelings. However, there are also songs expressing the beauty of Ecuadorian landscapes, the beauty of Ecuadorian women, and the bravery of the Ecuadorian people. In addition, there are songs which reflect admiration for a region or a city, and in some places these have become even more representative than their own city anthems. This is the case of "Guayaquil de mis amores" by Nicasio Safadi. Wong asserts that in Ecuador, due to its capacity of integrating and producing different topics between different social, ethnic, and generational groups, the Ecuadorian pasillo has become the representation of national music by excellence. During the 1950s the Ecuadorian pasillo went through a transition. Although it was still the national music of Ecuador, with the arrival of the radio it was forced to compete with foreign boleros, tangos, waltzes, guarachas, and other styles of tropical music, such as guaracha, merecumbe, and the Ecuadorian-Colombian cumbia. The continued strength of the Ecuadorian pasillo is in thanks to the performances of great singers such as the duet Luis Alberto Valencia and Gonzalo Benítez, the Montecel brothers, the Mendoza Sangurima sisters, the Mendoza Suasti sisters, Los Coraza and Marco Tulio Hidrobo. Nowadays, Ecuadorian pasillo is a national icon, and younger generations are adding new styles, thus supporting wide-scale distribution. Composers Julio Jaramillo Carlos Amable Ortiz Francisco Paredes Herrera Adolfo Mejía Navarro Olga Eljuri de Villar Nicasio Safadi José Ignacio Canelos Enrique Ibáñez Mora Carlota Jaramillo Luis Laberto Valencia Gonzalo Benitez Tulio Hidrobo Julio Baba Enrique Espín Yépez Vicente Gómez Gudiño Jacobo Palm José Luis Rodríguez Vélez Carlos Vieco German Dario Perez Oriol Rangel Luis Antonio Calvo Luis Henrique Santos Goncalves Example Adoracion Text: Genaro Castro Music: Enrique Ibáñez Mora References Ecuadorian music Colombian styles of music Venezuelan music Panamanian styles of music

8474086

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Widgiemooltha%20Komatiite

Widgiemooltha Komatiite

The Widgiemooltha Komatiite is a formation of komatiite in the Yilgarn Craton of Western Australia. Stratigraphy The stratigraphy of the Widgiemooltha Komatiite is well known to be part of the regional komatiite magmatic event also seen at the Kambalda Dome, to the north. There are comparisons which place the Widgiemooltha Komatiite as equivalent to the Silver Lake Komatiite. The Mt Edwards Basalt is correlated regionally with the Devon Consuls Basalt of Kambalda, and the Widgeimooltha Chert correlated with the Paringa Slate. The structure of the Widgiemooltha Dome has three thrusted repetitions of the basal komatiite contact and komatiite sequence including footwall Mt Edwards Basalt and hangingwall sediments (Widgiemooltha Chert). Widgiemooltha Dome The Widgiemooltha Komatiite is exposed around the margins of a large, granite dome. The Widgiemooltha Granite is a coarse to medium, holocrystalline equigranular granite with subordinate biotite and ferromagnesian minerals. It is mildly deformed, and is considered to have intruded concurrently with doming and uplift during late deformation. It is intrusive into the thrust repeated stratigraphy of the Widgiemooltha Komatiite and its sequence. Lake Zot Dolerite The Lake Zot Dolerite is similar to the Defiance Dolerite and other regionally important subvolcanic doleritic sill complexes throughout the Yilgarn Craton. Within the Widgiemooltha Dome area, the Lake Zot Dolerite can attain greater than thickness and is intrusive into the hangingwall basalt and Widgiemooltha Chert above the Widgiemooltha Komatiite. The dolerite is coarse grained in the main, often equigranular and holocrystalline although porphyritic areas are known and chilled margins and occasional compositional variations are noted. It is often epidotised, carbonated and sodium metasomatised in proximity to major structures. It can often be reasonably strained throughout its bulk and especially in the footwall contact with the Widgiemooltha Komatiite. Widgiemooltha Chert The Widgiemooltha Chert is a deep sea chemical sedimentary unit stratigraphically above the Widgiemooltha Komatiite. It is composed of from less than to of sulfidic, graphitic and siliceous cherts, often finely laminated and expressing ptygmatic folding post-sedimentation. It is considered to be an exhalative deposit formed post-magmatism. It often is intruded by the Lake Zot Dolerite. The Widgiemooltha Chert is often the host of regional shears and thrusts. Widgiemooltha Komatiite The Widgiemooltha Komatiite is typically to in apparent thickness, often with several clearly defined interflow sediment intervals and A1, A2, A3 spinifex textured zones and B2 zone cumulate zones developed rhythmically throughout. Depending on area and volcanic facies, there can be anywhere from greater than 24 individual flow units to as few as three flows within the Widgiemooltha Komatiite. The komatiite is typically of high magnesian character throughout, although flow top spinifex zones may get to as low as 18% MgO. Highest magnesium contents in rocks occur within the Wannaway area, with magnesium contents of up to 45% MgO reported from adcumulate serpentinite lithologies in the basal flow. The Widgiemooltha Komatiite is host to no less than 15 individual channelised kambalda type komatiitic nickel ore deposits of which 5 have been mined, the remaining ten being of too low grade and low tenor to be economic at present. These features correlate with thickened komatiitic sequences, thick basal flows, trough like structural features and high magnesium lavas. Mt Edwards Basalt The footwall to the Widgiemooltha Komatiite is the Mt Edwards Basalt, which is a low to medium MgO mafic extrusive rock, metamorphosed to upper greenschist facies. Mineralogy is chlorite, actinolite, rare epidote, quartz and albite. The Mt Edwards Basalt has uncommon interflow sedimentary intervals and some well developed pillow basalt flow tops which give regional facing directions. The true thickness of the Mt Edwards Basalt is unknown. Economic importance The Widgiemooltha Komatiite is an important host for Kambalda type komatiitic nickel ore deposits. Nickel ore has been found at several locations around the Widgiemooltha Dome and has been mined from six locations, with four underground mines in operation as of 2007 and a proposed open cut mine for mid-2007. Further exceptionally high-grade gold mineralisation is present at Wattle Dam, to 6 kg (200 Oz) to the ton, within the Widgiemooltha Komatiite. 132 North From Nickel et al. (1994) The 132 North deposit was discovered by in 1968 by International Nickel Australia Limited via gossan searching and mined by Western Mining Corporation in 1981, with 900 tons of nickel metal produced. It was a small pod of low-grade nickel sulfide mineralisation hosted in a parasitic isoclinal syncline developed on the 132 Anticline on the northern flank of the Widgiemooltha Dome. The 132 North and Widgiemooltha Townsite nickel gossans are mineralogical laboratories and contain exceptionally rare minerals. The ore profile of the 132 North deposit is, from base upwards, 0.1 to 1m of massive pentlandite-pyrrhotite-pyrite-chalcopyrite sulfide, matrix sulfide containing 40-80% sulfide, and disseminated sulfide. Accessory nickeline and gersdorffite are reported. The transition zone supergene sulfide phases include; violarite, smythite, covellite, chalcocite and marcasite after pyrite. The nickel sulfides within the regolith have been oxidised into a complex series of weathering fronts including a rare expression of a carbonate front which has resulted in a host of unusual nickel carbonate, arsenate and silicate minerals such as gaspeite, atacamite, annabergite, carrboydite, glaucospaerite, hydrohonessite, kambaldaite, népouite, nullaginite, pecoraite, olivenite, otwayite, reevesite, retgersite, takovite and of course widgiemoolthalite. Miitel The Miitel nickel mine was first discovered in the early to late 1970s by Union Miniere and Anaconda Resources, though due to poor understanding of the geology the initial intercepts were not sufficiently followed up until the early 1990s by Western Mining Corporation. The Miitel orebody has been successfully extended in size and tonnage from successive exploration efforts, most recently by Mincor Resources NL in 2002-2005, resulting in the "discovery" of the South Miitel extension. The Miitel nickel mine has produced to date 1.56 million tons at 3.5% Ni for 47,250 tonnes of contained nickel. Reserves as of December 2006 were 481,000 tons @ 3.5% Ni for 16,835 Ni tons in North Miitel and 298,000 tons @ 3.8% Ni for 12,282 nickel tons in South Miitel. The Miitel mine is accessed by a single decline which splits into two separate declines which drive upon the north and south Miitel ore positions. The ore is mined by 'flatbacking', which is a form of cut and fill mining. The Miitel orebody is situated on the eastern flank of the Widgiemooltha Dome on the Miitel Contact of the Widiemooltha Komatiite, and has the form of an arcuate boomerang which plunges away to the north and south. The Widgiemooltha Komatiie forms a recognisable trough structure which is the idealised form of a komatiitic nickel orebody. Ore is a highly strained massive to matrix olivine-sulfide adcumulate with a fine pyrrhotite-pyrite groundmass and prominent pentlandite porphyroblasts. The influence of structure on the Miitel orebody is minimal except between the central Miitel and South Miitel ore pods and the current northern extent of the North Miitel ore trend where later, brittle faults disturb and offset the stratigraphy. The komatiite itself is highly talc carbonateed with a predominance of talc-magnesite-amphibolite assemblages suggesting an original orthocumulate derivation. Accessory minerals in the orebody include nickeline, gersdorffite, millerite, chromite and occasionally other arsenic sulfide minerals. Consonant with the practise of Western Mining Corporation naming mines after the drillers which first intersected the ore, Miitel is named after driller David Miitel. Mariners The Mariners nickel mine was originally drilled in the 1970s by Union Miniere and Anaconda Resources, with an intercept of 12m @ 0.7% Ni being delivered from a flanking position, which was not sufficiently followed up. Mariners was then left until the late 1980s and early 1990s when Western Mining Corporation undertook exploration and defined the N01 ore pod and developed the mine via a decline from Wedding Guest island, in the middle of the Lake Zot salt lake. Mariners has a current in-ground reserve of 105,000 tons @ 4.0% Ni for 4,020 nickel tons and an inferred resource of 346,000 tons @ 4.5% Ni for a total of 15,700 nickel tons. Mariners is hosted in a north plunging trough structure on the footwall of the Mariners Contact of the Widgiemooltha Komatiite and has the form of a series of partially overlapping kidney-shaped pods of nickel sulfide ore arranged en-echelon down the plunge line. This has been interpreted as disjunction and reassembly of an originally contiguous ribbon of nickel sulfide ore by structure. Mariners is renowned for its extremely high arsenic contents, with common arsenopyrite, nickeline, gersdorffite and other arseno-sulfide minerals common in the ore during the earlier years of mining. This has, at times, restricted the output from the Mariners mine due to the need to blend Mariners ore with lower arsenic feedstock to avoid penalties for excessive arsenic. Similar to the Miitel orebody, Mariners is hosted in a strongly talc-carbonated komatiite, though magnesium contents are higher favoring a more talc-magnesite assemblage. Mariners was not named by Western Mining. Instead, due to a flood on the salt lake inundating the drilling rig during its discovery, the orebody was named Mariners because the drills were under water at the time. Redross Redross was explored by Anaconda Resources in the late 1960s and was identified by gossan searching by Ross Kennedy, who is a redhead, hence "Red Ross". Redross was mined initially via a vertical shaft sunk in 1971-72, which was initially placed on care and maintenance prior to being activated in late 1974. The mine was worked from late 1974 to early 1976, when it was closed due to unprofitability. Poor management within Anaconda Resources and low nickel prices led to its demise. The ore from Redross was trucked to Kalgoorlie for treatment in double belly-dumper roadtrains by Gascoyne Trading, the transport division of Wesfarmers. The Redross shaft was initially worked on a two-shift basis, but around May 1975, the operation was extended to three shifts. The workers at Redross were housed in Norseman and were bussed to the mine at every shift changeover. Anaconda spent a large amount of money installing many houses in Norseman for their Redross employees, and many of these houses are still there (2012). A vertical mine shaft similar to Redross was sunk on the nearby Wannaway ore reserve in 1971-72, and this shaft, headframe and buildings were also placed on care and maintenance. The Wannaway shaft was never activated as an operating vertical shaft mine, and was vandalised over many years and finally dismantled. An open pit commenced on the Redross minesite in the early 1990s to extract the remnants and extensions of the original Redross ore body, and a decline was added later to extract ore from underground. Mincor Resources NL is currently mining the last remnants of the orebody. Current resources and reserves are 297,000 tons @ 4.2% for 12,453 contained nickel tons. The Redross N01C orebody has the form of a half-oval plunging to the south. The N01C is flanked by the N10 ore position which is interpreted to be flanking faces ore developed adjacent to the trough. Several parallel and sub-parallel ore trends are developed along strike from Redross, including the N20, N20 Upper and N30 positions, none of which are currently economic. The trough and ore is highly deformed and suffers significant post-deposition dislocation by a series of north-south trending strike-slip faults. The komatiite locally is highly magnesian and favours talc-magnesite assemblages, having been intensely talc-carbonated. Accessory minerals observed in the ore body include nickeline, nickeliferous chalcopyrite, cuprous pentlandite, arsenian pentlandite, violarite and arsenopyrite. See also Jerdacuttup River Serpentinite Metamorphism Komatiite Ore genesis Talc carbonate References Geology of Western Australia Precambrian Australia Economic geology Geologic formations of Australia Igneous rocks Ore deposits

8474088

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mindell

Mindell

Mindell is a surname. Notable people with the surname include: Arnold Mindell (born 1940), American psychotherapist, Earl Mindell (born 1940), Canadian author and nutritionist Fania Mindell (1894—1969), American feminist, activist and theater artist M

8474089

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commentaries%20on%20the%20Bible

Commentaries on the Bible

Commentaries on the Bible may refer to: List of Biblical commentaries Jewish commentaries on the Bible See also Bible commentary

8474117

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georgetown%20railway%20station%20%28Scotland%29

Georgetown railway station (Scotland)

Georgetown railway station was a railway station serving the village of Houston, Renfrewshire, Scotland, originally as part of the Glasgow, Paisley and Greenock Railway and later owned by the Caledonian Railway. History The station opened by the Glasgow, Paisley and Greenock Railway on 29 March 1841, as Houston station. It was located just over 3 miles, (5 kilometres) from Houston, on the Houston Road. On 1 May 1926 it was renamed Georgetown by the London, Midland and Scottish Railway who, as a result of the 1923 Grouping, took over ownership of the line from the Caledonian Railway. The private NFF station There appears to have been another station of the same name located some 0.75 miles apart from the main station. The northernmost station existed for the duration of World War I, only. It was a private station built in 1915 to serve the Government-owned explosive Filling Factory, the Scottish Filling Factory (National Filling Factory No. 4), National Filling Factory, Georgetown. The factory employed over 4,600 employees in July 1916; and some 12,000 employees between December 1916 and August 1917, most of them being women. This station was linked by a covered walkway directly into the factory; which was also linked to the Caledonian Railway with interchange sidings, just north of the station. The factory was renamed the National Filling Factory, Georgetown to mark the visit on Christmas Eve 1915 of David Lloyd George, the first Minister of Munitions; he became prime minister a year later. The factory had a township of wooden houses adjacent to both it and the public railway station. The factory closed on 11 November 1918, after the end of World War I. The private station, along with the contents of the factory, was sold in 1920. Georgetown station The township of Georgetown survived the closure of the National Filling Factory, although the sub-post office was closed and much of the population removed in November 1939. The last of the wooden houses became uninhabitable in the 1970s and were later demolished. Georgetown station was closed permanently by the British Transport Commission on 2 February 1959. The site today Nothing remains of the wooden township of Georgetown, or the public railway station. A fragment of the concrete western platform and adjoining steps survive from the private World War I station; with a matching platform in what was to become ROF Bishopton. A number of earthworks are also visible from the train, representing the embankments of the World War I interchange sidings. They appear to have been later used by the World War II ROF Bishopton. The track and the connection to the main line appears to have been lifted during the 1967 electrification of the Inverclyde Line. References Notes Sources Holland, Wilson (1987). Kilmacolm, Bridge of Weir and Houston in old picture postcards. European Library - Zaltbommel, Netherlands. Route Disused railway stations in Renfrewshire Railway stations in Great Britain opened in 1841 Railway stations in Great Britain closed in 1959 Former Caledonian Railway stations

8474121

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sprinkling

Sprinkling

Sprinkling can refer to: Aspersion, a method of baptism, particularly used for infant baptism. Sprinkling, a type of character in the video game Viva Piñata. Sprinkling is a method of creating a causal set from a Lorentzian manifold.

8474152

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jack%20Manning%20%28One%20Life%20to%20Live%29

Jack Manning (One Life to Live)

Jack Manning is a fictional character from the American soap opera One Life to Live. He is the only son of supercouple Todd Manning and Blair Cramer. Casting The role of Jack Manning was depicted by baby child actors Ryan and Riley Cramer, who were alternately in the roles from October 11, 2001, through 2003. Jack was then played as in early childhood by Christian Thomas Ashdale from 2003 through 2004, Jack Boscoe from January 2005 through October 2006, and by Thomas Christian Justusson from December 2006 through August 2007. Carmen LoPorto stepped into the role in preadolescence, portraying Jack regularly in a recurring capacity from September 3, 2007, through January 3, 2011, revising the character's birth year to 1997. In February 2011, the character was aged to a teenager and birth year ultimately changed to 1995 with Andrew Trischitta in the role, debuting on the serial in the February 22, 2011, episode. Trischitta was bumped up to contract in early May 2011, making the character a featured lead role for the first time on the series. Trischitta remained on the show through the original television finale episode aired January 12, 2012, and reprised the role when new daily episodes of OLTL debuted on Hulu, iTunes, and FX Canada via The Online Network April 29, 2013. Storylines 2001–11 In 2001, a pregnant Blair (Kassie DePaiva) goes to San Blas, Nayarit, Mexico intending to give birth to who she believes is the son of Max Holden (James DePaiva). Todd (Roger Howarth) follows an unsuspecting Blair, eventually making her believe the baby boy died soon after his birth on October 10, 2001. Todd goes to the airport and gives the baby to a pair of nuns. Witnessing this, David Vickers (Tuc Watkins) gets the child back and brings him to where Todd and Blair are staying. Todd pays David a hefty sum to get rid of the baby. David gives the child to a rich Texas couple, the Millers. Todd discovers the boy is indeed his son and forces David to reveal his location. Todd gets him back, and he, along with Blair and Starr (Kristen Alderson), name the baby Jack. David blackmails Todd, threatening to tell Blair everything. Todd turns the tables on him. Blair eventually finds out after Jack is diagnosed with aplastic anemia, the same illness Starr had a few years prior when she discovered that Alex Olanov (Tonja Walker) also donated her bone marrow to save his life. Margaret Cochran (Tari Signor), obsessed with Todd (Trevor St. John), kidnaps young Jack in 2004. He is later returned. Aged to a preteen in 2007, Jack becomes a regular recurring role who behaves as mischievously as his older sister Starr before him, learning her manipulative ways, as well as obnoxious and disrespectful behavior from his father. 2011–13 Jack first appears as a self-absorbed teenager in February 2011 and begins bullying Shane Morasco (Austin Williams). Jack makes it his mission to humiliate Shane, going as far as taunting him on fictional social networking website called "MyFace", believing his familial wealth and power would protect him. The bullying drives Shane to attempt suicide by throwing himself off the roof of Llanview High School. Jack is soon confronted by Blair and Starr upon learning of the incident from Shane's mom, Gigi Morasco (Farah Fath), but he again feigns innocence of his actions. In summer 2011, Jack creates a fictitious MyFace account as a girl to taunt Shane. When "she" invites Shane to a party, Gigi makes Shane leave and poses as him to gain information from Jack and "kick his butt". She goes to the place where Shane was slated to go. Jack and two of his stooges lock her in a room, thinking that was Shane. On the day of her wedding, Gigi is stuck in a basement with an old back-up power generator that is leaking carbon monoxide. Jack goes to the courthouse with legal stepmother Téa Delgado (Florencia Lozano) and is shocked to see Shane there. Shane and Jack have it out. Shane, his father Rex Balsom (John-Paul Lavoisier), and his adoptive grandmother Roxy Balsom (Ilene Kristen) realize Gigi is late to her wedding because of Jack. Jack pretends not to know what they are talking about. After looking at the messages on Téa's laptop, Rex searches for Gigi and finds her unconscious in the basement of an abandoned former home of Jack's friend. Rex takes Gigi to the hospital and calls Roxy to tell her and Shane to be with him. Shane threatens to kill Jack if his mother was injured. While at the hospital, the doctor tells Rex they are too late. Téa takes Jack to see Todd (St. John) in jail, where she overhears him admit his culpability in Gigi's apparent death and tells him he could be tried as an adult. As police officers John McBain (Michael Easton) and Brody Lovett (Mark Lawson), Todd bribes Jack's friend to take the fall, angering Blair. In hopes of keeping him out of trouble, Todd appoints Jack as The Sun newspaper's executive assistant. While working, Jack is later attacked by someone with Todd's original face. August 1, 2011, at the apex of a story arc which brought Llanview elite to The Palace Hotel for the David Vickers Buchanan (Tuc Watkins) disastrous premiere of Vickerman: The Movie, a man claiming to be "the real Todd" (Howarth) pleads to Starr and Jack to believe him. Jack sides with the "new" Todd (St. John), the only father he remembers, while Starr sides with the father she knew as a child (Howarth). Jack soon tells Starr "his dad" saved him from going to jail for Gigi's death and "only a father can do that". Later, when a DNA test concludes both men to be twins, and Jack's believed-to-be-dead paternal grandmother, Irene Manning (Barbara Rhoades) soon arrives in Llanview to tell the Lords she actually bore patriarch Victor Lord two twin sons, Todd (Howarth) and Victor, Jr. (St. John). A loyal Jack sides with Victor. October 7, 2011, Jack takes brief ownership of The Sun and writes a scathing cover story on his father Todd, who he suspects murdered his uncle and adoptive father Victor, Jr. Concurrently, Shane confronts Jack at the cemetery near Victor, Jr.'s grave, accusing him of being Gigi's real murderer and shoots at him. Shane intentionally misses, instead knocking Jack unconscious with the gun and taking him to the hospital. Jack soon meets Neela Patel (Teresa Patel), with whom he has a brief romance. Angry at Todd reclaiming his life, Jack sets fire to The Sun offices, unaware Neela's brother and sister-in-law, Vimal (Nick Choksi) and Rama Patel (Shenaz Treasury) were both inside. Todd later finds out it was Jack who set the fire at The Sun, and blackmails him into a cordial relationship for silence and help finding a Christmas tree for the mansion of his great aunt Dorian, La Boulaie. Sharing an intimate moment, Neela coaxes Jack into admitting his complicity in the death of Shane's mother Gigi and records their conversation for Shane, who brings the tape to the police. Jack is arrested for Gigi's death on Christmas Eve 2011, just as Jack was ready to accept Todd as his biological father. Just before the New Year, Jack and Téa are surprised to discover Gigi is still alive and that the woman who died with Gigi's face was her jealous sister Stacy (Farah Fath/Crystal Hunt), who unknowingly had plastic surgery to appear exactly as her sister. Gigi confronts Jack about almost killing her but is stopped by Shane, who tells her it is not worth getting even with Jack since he was not really responsible for her "death". Murder charges against Jack are dropped with Stacy's death ruled accidental. Neela later apologizes to Jack for the recording and admits to him that he matched the description of the boy she dreamed of falling in love with. Neela bids Jack goodbye when she tells him that she believes that Jack was truly sorry for his actions. Jack is last seen saying goodbye to his sister Starr, who moves to Hollywood with Hope to pursue a music career. With Starr and Todd having crossed over to General Hospital, Jack is mentioned several times. On the June 23 episode, Todd says to Sam Morgan (Kelly Monaco), who was briefly his secretary, to put his calls through to him if Starr calls or if Jack and his other sister, Dani (Kelley Missal) call, both of whom probably will not call due to him being found on not guilty for killing Victor. On the July 17 episode, Todd tells Carly Corinthos (Laura Wright) Jack is at ice hockey camp. Jack is still at odds with Todd upon his reappearance in April 2013, soon rejoicing at the revelation that adoptive father Victor, Jr. is alive. Jack strongly rebuffs Todd's attempts at a relationship but is devastated when Victor leaves town soon after his reappearance. Curmudgeonly moody to family members save for Victor's immediate family, Jack reveals to his paternal aunt Viki (Erika Slezak) his conflicted feelings for both "fathers" and fear of following in the troubled legacy of Lord men. While having coffee at the coffee shop one day before summer school, he is approached by a woman who lures him to her apartment by taking his laptop. Once there, they have sex twice, and Jack loses his virginity in the process. The woman introduces herself as Kate (Alice Callahan). Jack rushes off to school, saying he has to be somewhere. Upon arriving at school, he is shocked to find Kate is his teacher. After an awkward day at class, she asks him to stay back. Jack uncomfortably considers transferring classes, but they begin kissing, continuing their affair. References External links Jack Manning profile – ABC.com (archived) One Life to Live characters Television characters introduced in 2001 Fictional characters from Pennsylvania Fictional cyberbullies Fictional newspaper editors Fictional socialites American male characters in television Male villains

8474170

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Windsor%20Protocol

Windsor Protocol

Windsor Protocol is a 1997 British-Canadian television thriller film directed by George Mihalka and starring Kyle MacLachlan. It is "inspired by the characters created by Jack Higgins", particularly Sean Dillon. The Windsor Protocol is a list created by Adolf Hitler that will help revive the Nazi party; Dillon must find it before it falls into the wrong hands. Cast Kyle MacLachlan as Sean Dillon Macha Grenon as Catherine Chris Wiggins as Sir Charles Ferguson Lisa Bronwyn Moore as Lenny John Colicos as Gerhardt Heinzer / Albert Greenfield Eugene Clark as Vice President Anson Powers Production It was followed by Thunder Point (1998), also starring Kyle MacLachlan as Sean Dillon and Chris Wiggins as Sir Charles Ferguson. External links 1996 films Films based on British novels 1990s English-language films English-language Canadian films British thriller television films 1990s thriller films Films directed by George Mihalka Spy television films Canadian thriller television films 1990s Canadian films

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William%20Aloisio

William Aloisio

William "Smokes" Aloisio (October 9, 1906October 3, 1979) was an American mobster and hitman for the Chicago Outfit. A former member of the Forty-Two Gang in Chicago, Aloisio's arrest record dated back to 1928. In 1945, Aloisio was sentenced to five years at Leavenworth Penitentiary, in Leavenworth, Kansas, for helping his brother avoid military conscription, during World War II. Aloisio had bribed U.S. Navy personnel in Chicago to make sure that his relative failed his physical examination. Further reading United States. Congress. Senate. Government Operations Committee. Organized Crime and Illicit Traffic in Narcotics. 1964. United States. Congress. House. Government Operations. Federal Effort Against Organized Crime. 1970. References External links U.S. vs. Cerone 1906 births 1979 deaths American gangsters of Italian descent Chicago Outfit mobsters Mafia hitmen

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Golden%20Casket

Golden Casket

Golden Casket is the public limited lottery corporation in Queensland, Australia trading on the Australian Stock Exchange. It sells lottery tickets and Instant Scratch-Its (scratchcards) through newsagents and other convenience stores. Lottery draws are televised on Channel Seven four nights a week. The drawing of the first Golden Casket in 1917 by Queensland Patriotic Fund was to raise money to support veterans of World War I. The operation was soon taken over by the Queensland Government. In 1938, the casket paid for the construction of the new Royal Brisbane Women's Hospital. In April 2007 the Queensland Government sold Golden Casket to gambling company Tattersall's Limited for $530 million, with the proceeds going to the Royal Children's Hospital. The government will retain ownership of the Queensland asset, receive the $150 million held in reserves and continue to receive lottery taxes. On 1 June 2016 the Golden Casket brand became one of the four Tatts Group, now The Lottery Corporation, jurisdictional brands to be incorporated into a national lottery brand called ‘The Lott’. The other brands being Tatts Lottery, NSW Lotteries and South Australian Lotteries. Cultural references Winning the Golden Casket is a major event in Neville Shute's novel A Town Like Alice. See also Lotteries in Australia References External links Golden Casket Lottery Corporation The Lott Golden Casket Oral History, State Library of Queensland Lotteries in Australia Companies based in Queensland

8474229

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Story%20of%20T%E1%BA%A5m%20and%20C%C3%A1m

The Story of Tấm and Cám

The Story of Tấm and Cám () commonly known as Tấm Cám (Chữ Nôm: 糝𥽇) is an ancient Vietnamese fairy tale. The first part of the tale's plot is very similar to the European folk tale Cinderella. Plot Tấm's life before she marries the sovereign The story is about two half-sisters; the eldest is named Tấm (broken rice) and the youngest is named Cám (rice bran). Tấm's mother dies early and her father remarries before dying soon after. Tấm lives with her stepmother, who is Cám's mother. The stepmother is very sadistic and makes Tấm do all the housework, whereas Cám does not have to do anything. One day, the stepmother tells Tấm and Cám to go to the field to catch "tép" (caridina, a tropical genus of shrimp) and promises to give them a new red yếm (a Vietnamese traditional bodice) to whoever catches the most. Tấm soon fills up her basket, while Cám plays in the water and catches nothing. Realizing that her sister actually had a chance at receiving a red yếm and the day is almost done, Cám comes up with a plan to sabotage Tấm's work. Cám tells her older sister to wash her hair, saying that the stepmother will scold her if her hair is so muddy after catching all the caridinas, and Tấm obeys. While Tấm is washing her hair, Cám transfers all the shrimp from Tấm's basket to hers and goes home. When Tấm realizes that all the shrimp she has caught is gone, she cries in seeing all her hard work disappear and the impending punishment that will come from her stepmother. Bụt (the Vietnamese equivalent to a fairy godmother, sometimes considered a tiên) appears and asks why she cries, and she tells him what happened. He tells her to stop crying and see what is left in the basket, which is merely a goby. Then he tells her to raise the fish in a well with her rice and teach her the words to call the fish up: Without the exact recitement, the goby would not rise, according to what Bụt has said before he vanishes. Tấm follows his counsel, and the goby grows noticeably. Tấm would spend her time talking to the goby about her thoughts, which the fish would silently comfort her. Suspicious about her behavior, the stepmother and the half-sister discover the fish as well as the poem by which Tấm summons it. The stepmother plans to distance Tấm in order to kill the fish: The stepmother also tells Tấm to leave her coat behind. Tấm obeys her stepmother, unaware of her intent. The stepmother has Cám wear Tấm's clothes and recite the line, making the goby mistaken her as Tấm, which allows them to butcher the goby. After coming back home, Tấm calls the goby up as usual, but nothing goes up but blood. She sobs again and the Bụt appears again. He asks why she cries and she explains. He replies: "Your goby they have eaten. Cry no more! Collect its bones, put them in four jars and bury them under your bed legs", and she does so. Soon after, the sovereign hosts a festival, which he invites people from everywhere to attend, including Tấm and her family. Noticing that Tấm also wants to join, the stepmother mixes up the rice and bran that Tấm has to separate them before joining the festival, and threatens to punish her if she does not have it done by the time they get back from the festival. Again she cries, but then Bụt reappears and she explains what happened. He calls sparrows down to help her and teaches her a poem to prevent them from eating the bran and rice: Bụt then tells her to dig up those jars that she had buried previously. The first two jars includes silk clothes, a scarf, and a red yếm. The third jar contains a tiny horse which enlarges into a normal horse; the fourth has a saddle for the horse. Happily, Tấm washes up and wears the clothing before rushing to the festival in the capital. Crossing a stone bridge, she drops a slipper and cannot get it back. When the sovereign crosses the same bridge, the elephant on which the sovereign rides suddenly growls and brushes its ivory down to the earth. Curiously, the sovereign commands his men to look underwater, and they find the slipper. He observes the slipper for a while and comments that the shoe must belong to a gracious woman. Saying so, he tells all the women in the festival to try the slipper to find out the owner, whom he shall wed. No one fits the shoe. Tấm arrives, excited about the festivities and notices her slipper on display. She approaches to try it on. Seeing Tấm trying it on, Cám and her mother mock her. The slipper turns out to fit her, and she draws the other one to wear. The sovereign commands his people to lead her to his palace to wed her. Tấm goes with the sovereign in front of Cám's and her mother's envious eyes. Tấm's Reincarnations Tấm and the sovereign are happily married. Not forgetting her father's death day, despite the fulfilling life in the sovereign's palace, she comes back home to help her stepmother prepare for the anniversary. All the hatred the stepmother and Cám have towards Tấm rises again, but they kept their thoughts private. Despite their harsh treatment towards her before she was married, Tấm treats them kindly during the anniversary. The stepmother tells Tấm to climb on an areca tree to gather its fruit for the ceremony. While Tấm is doing so, the stepmother chops down the tree, causing Tấm to fall down and die. The stepmother takes Tấm's clothes for Cám to wear. Cám goes to the sovereign's palace and lies to him that Tấm had unfortunately drowned in a pond by accident. Cám states she came to the palace to replace her sister's position as his wife. The sovereign is saddened to hear so, but with no other choice he marries Cám. He ignores his new wife, mourning for Tấm silently, to the other's dismay. Tấm reincarnates into an oriole. She flies straight to the sovereign. On her way, she scolds Cám for not properly washing the sovereign's clothes. Eventually, Tấm sees the sovereign, and she sings to him. Missing his wife, the sovereign says: "O oriole, if you are my wife, enter my sleeve", and she does so. The sovereign immediately believes that she has been reincarnated as the bird and only spends his time with it, ignoring Cám even more. He then builds a cage for Tấm to reside in when they are not together. Following her mother's counsel, Cám butchers the oriole, eats it, and then buries its feather in the royal garden. She lies to the sovereign that she was not aware of the interaction between him and the bird, and the oriole simply flew away when she tried to feed it. From where the feathers were buried grow two peach trees. The trees bend itself to provide shade for the sovereign. Noticing the two trees that somehow appeared in the royal garden, the sovereign believes they are also a sign from Tấm. The sovereign tells his people to bring a cot so he can nap there every day. Cám chops the trees down and tells the sovereign she did so to weave new clothes for him. While weaving the clothes, she hears Tấm accusing her for stealing her husband, cursing her and threatening to "hack her eyes". She then burns the loom and throw the ash far away from the palace. The wind carries the ashes far away before they eventually land. From the ash grows a golden apple tree. A crone soon crosses by the tree and is enticed by the scent of its only fruit. The old woman says: The crone keeps her word and places it in her house as if it were a house decor. She soon notices that the housework was finished, and a meal was prepared for her as well. The next day she pretends to leave, and finds a woman, Tấm, appear from the apple. The crone then tears off the peel of the fruit when Tấm exits the apple, and she makes Tấm her adopted daughter. One day, the sovereign comes across the crone's house and stops to rest. She offers the sovereign betel leaf. It was prepared the same style Tấm did when she was alive, so the sovereign suspects. He asks who made it; the old woman tells him that her daughter did. The sovereign demands to see the "daughter" and Tấm appears. The sovereign gladly brings Tấm back to the palace. Revenge Later, when Tấm has returned to the palace, Cám asks Tấm about her beauty secret. Tấm does not answer, but instead asks back: "Do you want to be beautiful? I'll help you!" Cám immediately agrees. Tấm tells her to jump down a hole and she does so. Tấm then commands the royal soldiers to pour boiling water onto her, killing Cám and using her corpse to make a fermented sauce (in the same way fish sauce is made). Tấm then sends the sauce to her stepmother, saying it is a gift from Cám. The stepmother believes so and eats it every day. One day, a crow flies by the stepmother's house and rests on her roof and cries out: The stepmother becomes angry, but, when she finally reaches the bottom of the jar, she discovers a skull inside. Realizing it is Cám's, the stepmother immediately dies of shock. Variations Variations of the story exist but still maintain the main points. Some versions of the story implies that Cám is also involved in abusing Tấm while others suggest that Cám is indifferent about her mother's abusive nature towards her half-sister. There are also some versions where the step-mother and Cám are eating the goby when Tấm arrives home and the two laugh when Tấm's realizes who they were eating. Other versions have the Bụt tell Tấm that she must return her silk clothes, shoes and horse once she returns home, so that her goby will come back to life. At the festival, her stepmother and Cám notice her and Tấm immediately flees in fear. She quickly rides back home, losing her slipper in the process. Upon returning home and changing back into her normal clothes, she discovers that one of her slippers is missing and begins to mourn for the loss of her friend. She walks outside and cries herself to exhaustion, clinging onto a nearby tree. Her stepmother and Cám make it back home to see her sleeping next to the tree. Thinking that she simply fell asleep from exhaustion and assured that they actually didn't see Tấm at the festival, the two returned to the festivities. The sovereign and his court were on the way to the festival when he discovers the shoe. Variations that have this change will have the sovereign set up a place to display the missing shoe for all the maidens in the country to try on, and ordered the guards to notify him of anyone who can fit it. Eventually, the sovereign grows impatient about the search and he himself joins the guards on watch. Tấm, believing that the shoe is the one she was missing, sneaks into the night and takes the shoe away so that she can compare it to the one she has in her possession at home. The guards, who were watching the shoe with the sovereign at the time, initially wanted to arrest her for theft, but the sovereign caught a glimpse of her face and immediately fell in love with her beauty. He commands his guard to silently follow Tấm home with him to see what she is doing with the shoe. As Tấm was able to confirm that the shoe she took was her missing pair, the sovereign finally made himself known by entering her home. Despite being in his presence and the stepmother and Cám beginning to scold the girl for causing enough trouble to bring guards, the sovereign speaks gently to Tấm and explains why he is at her home. He becomes enamored as he realizes that she is more beautiful up close. Tấm too is enamored by the sovereign and his gentleness. She then reveals the shoe she took and the pair she had, trying both on, and proves that she is the true owner of the slipper. In some versions of the death anniversary, the stepmother and Cám tell Tấm that they are unable to get the palm fruit; the stepmother claims she is too old and Cám is not able to climb well. Tấm volunteers to gather the fruits for them. Some versions have both the stepmother and Cám arrive at the palace after her death, explaining to the sovereign that Tấm suggested the idea of her half-sister marrying him before she died. One variation has the crone live in the royal palace with Tấm and becomes respected as Tấm's own mother. For revenge, in some versions, Tấm tells her sister to bathe in boiling water, and Cám's vanity blinds her from reason. In some variations, the stepmother and Cám died out of anger when Tấm comes back instead the stepmother eating Cám's remains. Some children-friendly versions of the story omit the revenge from the story or even end the story at Tấm marrying the sovereign. Comparison The story's plot is very similar to the typical plot of many Cinderella variations. Up until Tấm marries the sovereign, the story coincides with Cinderella's plot. Examples include both of them being mistreated by stepmothers, prohibited from going to a festival/party/ball with their stepmothers forcing them to separate grains, and recognized by the sovereign/prince by their lost shoe. The use of transformation and reincarnation are also shown in other fairy tales such as The Juniper Tree. Unlike some versions of Cinderella, Cám is never implied to be ugly. Cám is either portrayed as beautiful like her sister, though lacking in qualities like grace and being hardworking, or simply plainer than Tấm. In popular culture Many Vietnamese YouTubers or advertisers reference or create parodies of the fairytale. A movie adaptation of the story named Tam Cam: the Untold Story was produced by Ngô Thanh Vân and released in Vietnam on 19 August 2016. The movie's theme song, Bống bống bang bang also amassed hundreds of millions views on Youtube. See also Kongjwi and Patjwi Bawang Merah Bawang Putih Beauty and Pock Face Cinderella Sweetheart Roland The Boys with the Golden Stars The Juniper Tree Ye Xian References Further reading Bui, Tran Quynh Ngoc. "Structure and Motif in the ‘Innocent Persecuted Heroine’ Tale in Vietnam and Other Southeast Asian Countries". In: International Research in Children's Literature, Volume 2 Issue 1 (2008). pp. 36–48. . https://doi.org/10.3366/E1755619809000477 External links [http://www.furorteutonicus.eu/germanic/ashliman/mirror/tam2.html Tam and Cam] Vietnamese fairy tales Fiction about shapeshifting Fictional queens Fictional kings ATU 500-559

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William%20and%20Jean%20Eckart

William and Jean Eckart

William and Jean Eckart were a husband-and-wife team of theatre designers in the 1950s and 1960s. They designed sets, costumes, and lighting for many productions, including Mame, Here's Love, Damn Yankees, Once Upon a Mattress, The Fig Leaves Are Falling, and The Golden Apple. History William Eckart was born October 21, 1920, in New Iberia, Louisiana and died on January 24, 2000, in Dallas, Texas, aged 79. His wife Jean was born on August 18, 1921, in Glencoe, Illinois and died on September 6, 1993, aged 72. The couple received three Tony Award nominations: for Best Scenic Design of a Musical for Fiorello! and Best Musical (as producers) for Once Upon a Mattress in 1960 and for Best Scenic Design for Mame in 1966. The couple taught at Southern Methodist University after their Broadway careers ended. In 2006, a book entitled The Performing Set: The Broadway Designs of William and Jean Eckart by Andrew Harris was published. It includes sketches from every show the Eckarts designed. References External links broadway.com Art duos Married couples American scenic designers Broadway set designers

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siquirres

Siquirres

Siquirres is a district of the Siquirres canton, in the Limón province of Costa Rica. It is a center of commerce and has most of the services for the area's locals. Toponymy The name is derived from a native word meaning reddish colored. History Siquirres was created on 19 September 1911 by Ley 11. Geography Siquirres has an area of km2 and an elevation of metres. Locations Neighborhoods (Barrios): María Auxiliadora, Brooklin, San Rafael, San Martín, Triunfo, Miraflores, El Invu, Siquirritos, Betania Villages (Poblados): Alto Guayacán, Amelia, Amistad, Bajo Tigre, Barnstorf, Betania, Boca Pacuare, Boca Parismina, Calvario, Calle Tajo, Canadá, Caño Blanco, Carmen, Celina, El Coco, El Cocal, Dos Bocas, Encanto (norte), Encanto (sur), Ganga, Imperio, Indiana Dos, Indiana Tres, Indiana Uno, Islona, Lindavista, Livingston, Lucha, Milla 52, Moravia, Morazán, Nueva Esperanza, Nueva Virginia, San Alberto Nuevo, San Alberto Viejo, San Alejo, San Joaquín, Santo Domingo Demographics For the 2011 census, Siquirres had a population of inhabitants. Notable people Esteban Alvarado, football goalkeeper Hughenna L. Gauntlett, American surgeon Transportation Road transportation The district is covered by the following road routes: National Route 10 National Route 32 National Route 806 References Districts of Limón Province Populated places in Limón Province

8474264

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bla%C5%BE%20Lenger

Blaž Lenger

Blaž Lenger (December 6, 1919 - September 26, 2006) was a performer of traditional folk songs from northern Croatia, especially the region of Podravina. Biography and career He was educated in the village of Podravske Sesvete. From early childhood he was oriented towards music thanks to his mother and father whose love of music influenced him greatly. As soon as he was old enough, he started performing with the local musical group Vlašički. The first instrument he played was the accordion but he soon switched to bass (bajs), a rhythm instrument that matched his strong voice. Later he joined the Štef Ivančan music group in Novo Virje, where he gained enough experience to form his own group. His new group was named after him: Lengeri. The group performed at music festivals, on radio and television, and recorded cassettes and records. Their first recorded song was "Podravino moja mila", followed by "Potočić maleni", "Alaj je divan taj podravski kraj" and a polka "Ruža, ruža". Lenger retired in 1977 but never stopped singing. He was a member to the day he died of a singing group from Podravske Sesvete named after him, Blaž Lenger. He died on September 26, 2006, at home in Draganci, and was buried in the village cemetery in Podravske Sesvete. Sources Blaž Lenger - život i djelo 1919 births 2006 deaths 20th-century Croatian male singers Yugoslav male singers

8474313

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sardar%20Patel%20Medical%20College%2C%20Bikaner

Sardar Patel Medical College, Bikaner

Sarder Patel Medical College is a government medical college located in Bikaner (Rajasthan), India. Established in 1959, it is one of six government-run medical colleges in the western state of Rajasthan, and the second to be established in the state. It is affiliated with RUHS (the Rajasthan University of Health Sciences), and provides education leading to the Bachelor of Medicine, Bachelor of Surgery (MBBS) degree (recognized by MCI) and the MS/MD/DM degrees. History The college was established in 1959 and was Rajasthan's second medical college. It was inaugurated by the former Prime Minister of India Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru and approved by MCI. Academics There are 250 seats approved by the Medical Council of India for MBBS degree. The MBBS degree takes four and a half years to complete, followed by a year of a Compulsory Rotating Medical Internship. Postgraduate studies are offered in various fields. Overview The college is fully funded by the government of Rajasthan. The college has 250 seats for MBBS and 63 for the post grad students. and 18 in diploma, two seats in DM cardiology and two seats in MCh Urology. The following hospitals are attached to Sarder Patel Medical College: P.B.M. Male Hospital P.B.M. Female Hospital G.G.J. TB Hospital Eye Department Pediatrics Department Haldiram Moolchand Govt. Center for Cardiovascular Research Acharya Tulsi Regional Cancer Treatment and Research Center Trauma Centre Geriatric Research Centre Diabetic Research Centre Accommodation There are separate hostels for students, four for undergraduate boys, one for girls, one for interns and two for postgraduate students. References External links SPMC Official website Colleges in Bikaner Medical colleges in Rajasthan Educational institutions established in 1959 1959 establishments in Rajasthan Affiliates of Rajasthan University of Health Sciences

8474322

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inflation%20%28disambiguation%29

Inflation (disambiguation)

Inflation most commonly refers to a rise in the general price level over a period of time (also known as price inflation). Inflation may also refer to: Business and economics Job title inflation Monetary inflation, an expansion in the quantity of money in an economy Education Credential inflation, the devaluing of academic credentials and increase in academic requirements, due to the increase over time of the average level of education Grade inflation, the increase over time of academic grades, faster than any real increase in standards Natural sciences Inflation (cosmology), the expansion of space in the early universe at a very high rate; the inflationary epoch lasted from 10−36 seconds after the Big Bang to sometime between 10−33 and 10−32 seconds Warm inflation, a particular description of cosmological inflation The act of inflating an inflatable, anything designed to be expanded with air or gas (such as a balloon) The pufferfish's ability to inflate its body when under duress. Mathematics and computation The action of INFLATE, the algorithm that reverses DEFLATE compression The inflation map in group cohomology (mathematics) Other Body inflation, a type of paraphilia. See also Expansion (disambiguation) Deflation (disambiguation), the antonym of inflation

8474341

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talamanca%20%28canton%29

Talamanca (canton)

Talamanca is a canton in the Limón province of Costa Rica. The head city is Bribri, located in Bratsi district. History Talamanca was created on 20 May 1969 by decree 4339. Geography Talamanca has an area of km² and a mean elevation of metres. The county is noted for its beautiful beaches, especially in Cahuita and Puerto Viejo, which are popular tourist locations. Talamanca contains one of Costa Rica's three official border-crossing points with Panamá, the Sixaola-Guabito crossing. Districts The canton of Talamanca is subdivided into the following districts: Bratsi Sixaola Cahuita Telire Demographics For the 2011 census, Talamanca had a population of inhabitants. The county suffers from pervasive poverty. As of 2009, its human-development index is the lowest-ranked of all Costa Rican cantons. While its most recent infant mortality rate is 12.89% (2009), it was as high as 22.5% (2003), and stayed above 15% between 2003 and 2007. As of 2010, 52.3% of Talamanca inhabitants have access to sanitation (either piped or septic tank), and 75.2% are connected to electricity. The county is composed of four districts (see graphic below), with its capital city, Bribrí, located in the Bratsi district. Talamanca houses the largest indigenous population in the country (at 11,062, or 34% of the county's population), which is composed principally of the Bribri and Cabécar groups (who in turn represent two of Costa Rica's eight distinct indigenous groups). 31% of the district covers Talamanca's four indigenous reserves (Kekoldi, Talamanca Bribrí, Talamanca Cabécar, and Telire); Transportation Road transportation The canton is covered by the following road routes: Conservation Eighty-eight percent of Talamanca's territory is protected. Fifty-five percent of this land falls under the Chirripó, Amistad, and Cahuita National Parks; and 2% belongs to the Jairo Mora Sandoval Gandoca-Manzanillo Mixed Wildlife Refuge (a major sea turtle nesting ground). In defense of these areas, for example, on July 27, 2011, the Ministerio de Ambiente, Energía y Telecomunicaciones (Minaet) carried out the demolition of two hotels (Las Palmas and Suerre), due to their occupation of 4 hectares of land within the Jairo Mora Sandoval Gandoca-Manzanillo Mixed Wildlife Refuge. See also Talamancan mythology References Cantons of Limón Province Populated places in Limón Province

8474345

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chris%20Liu

Chris Liu

Chris Liu (;) is a Chinese-born and London-based fashion designer. Born in the cosmopolitan city of Urumqi in northwest China. Career Liu graduated as master of art in fashion design and technology with distinction at London College of Fashion in 2003. In the early nineties Liu studied at Auckland University of Technology in New Zealand and worked as a designer with knitwear brand Sabatini for four years. In 2001 he moved to London for a placement at Burberry Prorsum followed by a design consultancy with Christopher Bailey. In 2003, as part of London Development Agency's funding, Liu set up his womenswear line Huan by Chris Liu. His debut catwalk show was in London City Hall in August 2003. The collection has been sold immediately to prestigious shops like Harvey Nichols, Joseph in London and Maria Luisa in Paris. Liu's celebrity clients include Maggie Cheung, Angelica Cheung, Shu Qi, Michelle Yeoh, Kylie Minogue, Sade, Jamellia and Sophia Myles. In 2005 he left Huan by Chris Liu label, he continues his own womenswear label as CHRIS LIU. In November 2005 Liu was commissioned by the Chinese Embassy and Lord Chamberlain's Office to present an exclusive show at the London College of Fashion in the presence of the Chinese First Lady, Madame Liu during the State Visit by Chinese President Hu Jin Tao. Liu is a visiting tutor at the London College of Fashion. Recently been described as "raising star" and "the luxury brand in the making" by the international fashion industry. In 2006 Liu designed for Rodnik SS 2007 Collection. In 2008 September Hywel Davies fashion journalist published his book: 100 New Fashion Designers. The book which features Chris Liu, is the ultimate reference guide to the world's movers and shakers in fashion today. In March 2009, Liu was shortlisted for the 2009 Big Ben Award - Ten Outstanding Chinese Young Persons Selection in the UK alongside Alexa Chung and Gok Wan. In September 2009, Liu was selected as a finalist for the British Business Awards 2009 in the Alumnus category. Chris Liu has been selected for the 250th edition of i-D Magazine, as one of 250 people around the world who might influence future contemporary culture In July 2011, Liu won 2010 Big Ben Award for UK's Top Ten Outstanding Chinese Award. References External links Chris Liu London Official site Alumni of the London College of Fashion Auckland University of Technology alumni Chinese emigrants to England British fashion designers Chinese fashion designers Year of birth missing (living people) Living people People from Ürümqi

8474366

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pococ%C3%AD%20%28canton%29

Pococí (canton)

Pococí is a canton in the Limón province of Costa Rica. The head city is in Guápiles district, which houses many of the canton's services and businesses. History Pococí was created on 19 September 1911 by decree 12. Geography Pococí has an area of km2 and a mean elevation of metres. The canton takes in the Caribbean coast from the Toro River northward to the border with Nicaragua. It ranges inland in a southwestern direction with the Chirripó River forming the western border. The canton ends in the Cordillera Central where the Sucio River crosses the National Route 32 in Braulio Carrillo National Park. Districts The canton of Pococí is subdivided into the following districts: Guápiles Jiménez La Rita Roxana Cariari Colorado La Colonia Demographics For the 2011 census, Pococí had a population of inhabitants. Transportation Road transportation The canton is covered by the following road routes: Tourism The Caribbean coast of Pococí boasts extensive wetlands and several protected areas, including Tortuguero National Park and Barra del Colorado Wildlife Refuge. In the Braulio Carrillo area is located the first aerial tram in the world to travel through a rainforest, called Rainforest Adventures and recently added to NatGeographic's top ten adventure trips. Much of the northern portion of the canton is inundated year-round or seasonally, and inaccessible by road. The wetlands stretch inland the length of the canton. The coastal areas provide important sea turtle nesting habitat. These protected areas and wetlands are an important eco-tourism destination. References Cantons of Limón Province Populated places in Limón Province

8474368

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Counts%20of%20Kesselstatt

Counts of Kesselstatt

Emperor Josef II elevated the Reichsfreiherren (Imperial Barons) of Keselstatt to the status of Reichsgrafen (Imperial Counts) in 1776. The title of Count of Kesselstatt (German: Graf von Kesselstatt) is accompanied by the style of His Excellency; wives and daughters of Counts of Kesselstatt would be "Her Excellency Countess Forename of Kesselstatt". They are cousins of the Princely Family of Liechtenstein. The family's historic seat was Kesselstatt Palace in Trier, Germany. The palace was completed for Count Karl Friedrich Melchior in 1746. At the beginning of the 20th century, part of the Kesselstatt family settled in Argentina. Family members Johann Hugo Casimir Graf von Kesselstatt was the highest official in Trier, chief administrator of Elector Clemens Wenceslaus of Saxony from 1761 through 1794 Franz Joseph – b. 27 Feb 1826 Wien, Austria, d. 4 Jan 1891 Abbazia Eugen – b. 10 Jun 1870 Gleichenberg, d. 10 Nov 1933 Grundlsee, Steiermark, Austria Franz de Paul – 1894–1938 Johannes – born on 21 May 1927 Franz Eugen – born on 1 May 1926 Rudolf – born on 31 January 1956 Ferdinand – born on 8 March 1989 Alexander – born on 13 May 1991 Georg – born on 31 January 1956 Clemens – born on 7 June 1959 Franz – born on 26 May 1961 Theresa Marielle Aiga Diana Maria – born on 15 July 1999 Wiesbaden, Germany Counts of Kesselstatt – Argentine Line Clemens – 1899–1938 Georg – 1905–1990 Otto – 1928–1984 Federico – born on 9 April 1964 Guillermo – born on 5 May 1965 Maximiliano – born on 9 November 1966 Roberto – born on 21 January 1968 Conrado – born on 7 August 1972 Diego – born on 20 October 1973 Matias – born on 22 February 1975 References External links Kesselstatt

8474396

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David%20Stupich

David Stupich

David Daniel Stupich (5 December 1921 – 8 February 2006) was a member of the Legislative Assembly of British Columbia for most years from the 1960s to the 1980s, and a member of the House of Commons of Canada from 1988 to 1993. Stupich was born in Nanaimo, British Columbia to a coal miner. He served five years in the Royal Canadian Air Force. After the war, he used his veteran's grant to get a degree in agriculture at the University of British Columbia. He then became a chicken farmer and studied at night to become a Chartered Accountant. He donated his spare time to doing books for local service clubs. Provincial politics His first political campaign was an unsuccessful bid to become a member of the Legislative Assembly of British Columbia in 1949. He was the provincial CCF party candidate for the Nanaimo and the Islands riding. He entered provincial politics by winning the Nanaimo and the Islands riding in the 1963 British Columbia election. He was re-elected in the 1966 provincial election when the riding name changed to simply Nanaimo, but lost the riding to Social Credit candidate Frank Ney in the 1969 election. In the 1972 provincial election, Stupich defeated Ney and returned to the Legislature in the 1972 election, and remained a member until 1988. He introduced the Agricultural Land Reserve bill, which saved thousands of acres of farm land from the paver. Federal politics Stupich then entered federal politics and was elected in the 1988 federal election at the Nanaimo—Cowichan electoral district for the New Democratic Party. He served in the 34th Canadian Parliament but lost to Bob Ringma of the Reform Party in the 1993 federal election. Bingogate Stupich was the central figure in a scandal since known as Bingogate. In the late 1950s, Stupich set up and controlled the Nanaimo Commonwealth Holding Society (NCHS), which raised funds on behalf of the NDP. But after a tip that something was amiss from the head of the Nanaimo Commonwealth Bingo Association, the RCMP launched an investigation. It found Stupich ran kickback schemes in which donations to charities were refunded to NCHS. In 1999, Stupich, then 77, faced 64 charges, including theft, fraud, forgery and breach of trust. He pleaded guilty that year to fraud and running an illegal lottery, involving the misappropriation of about $1 million from the NCHS. He was sentenced to two years, serving it on electronic monitoring at his daughter's home in Nanaimo. Setting the home of daughter Marjorie Boggis for electronic monitoring may have been related to the prospect of Stupich spending 2 years confined at the Palatial Gabriola Island mansion Stupich shared with partner Elizabeth Marlow. Related charges against Marlow and Boggis were stayed as part of a complex plea bargain. Photos of the walled and outdoor pool equipped Stupich & Marlow mansion added to public outrage about the scandal. Even though he was personally uninvolved, then-Premier Mike Harcourt resigned as a result of the scandal. Stupich died in 2006 at Dufferin Place, a long-term care facility in Nanaimo. References External links 1921 births 2006 deaths British Columbia New Democratic Party MLAs British Columbia political scandals Canadian accountants Canadian fraudsters Canadian people of Croatian descent Canadian politicians convicted of crimes Farmers from British Columbia Finance ministers of British Columbia Members of the Executive Council of British Columbia Members of the House of Commons of Canada from British Columbia New Democratic Party MPs People from Nanaimo Politicians convicted of fraud Royal Canadian Air Force officers University of British Columbia alumni 20th-century Canadian politicians Corruption in Canada

8474400

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lake%20Misurina

Lake Misurina

Lake Misurina (; Cadorino dialect: Lago de Meśorìna) is the largest natural lake of the Cadore and it is 1,754 m above sea level, near Auronzo di Cadore (Belluno). The lake's perimeter is 2.6 km long, while the maximum depth is 5 m. Near the lake there are about ten hotels with accommodation for around 500 people. The particular climatic characteristics of the area around the lake make particularly good air for those who have respiratory diseases. Near the lake is the only center in Italy for the care of childhood asthma. The lake was the theme of a famous song by Claudio Baglioni. Lake Misurina is also the theme of the theatrical representation of the Longane di Lozzo. Lake Misurina is where the speed skating events were held during the 1956 Winter Olympics of Cortina d'Ampezzo – the last time Olympic speed skating events were held on natural ice. Misurina lies on the route of the Dolomites Gold Cup Race. Folklore There are at least two different legends associated with Lake Misurina. In the first one, which was also made famous by a song named "Il lago di Misurina" by Claudio Baglioni, Misurina is a little capricious and spiteful girl who lives literally held in the palm of the hand of her gigantic father, the king Sorapiss that, to fulfill another desire and obtain for her the magic mirror from the Queen of Monte Cristallo, he is transformed into a mountain. During the last stages of the transformation he sees his daughter fall and his tears flow like rivers and form the lake beneath which his daughter will forever live with the magic mirror. In the second one, Mesurina (who is later nicknamed) is a daughter of wealthy merchants from Venice who send her away in the mountains by her father anxious not to fulfill a prophecy that would see the girl give away all their possessions. Following some tragic amorous events vaguely reminiscent of Romeo and Juliet, the girl dies, and she is recognized on the point of death by a lover whom she met in bloom and from whom she was brought away by deception from the stables of his father and a servant sent by him. Gallery See also References External links Misurina web site 1956 Winter Olympics official report (pp. 180–88) Misurina Olympic speed skating venues Province of Belluno Speed skating venues Venues of the 1956 Winter Olympics

8474409

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Earle%20Edwards

Earle Edwards

Earle Edwards (November 10, 1908 – February 25, 1997) was an American football player and coach. He served as the head football coach at North Carolina State University from 1954 to 1970, compiling a record of 77–88–8. Edwards is the longest tenured coach in NC State Wolfpack football history and holds the program records for games coached, wins, and losses. His teams won five Atlantic Coast Conference (ACC) titles and made two Liberty Bowl appearances. Four times he was named the ACC Coach of the Year. A native of Greensburg, Pennsylvania, Edwards attended Pennsylvania State University, where he lettered in football and later served as an assistant coach. He died on February 25, 1997, in Raleigh, North Carolina. Head coaching record College References 1908 births 1997 deaths Michigan State Spartans football coaches NC State Wolfpack football coaches Penn State Nittany Lions football coaches Penn State Nittany Lions football players High school football coaches in Pennsylvania People from Greensburg, Pennsylvania Players of American football from Westmoreland County, Pennsylvania Coaches of American football from Pennsylvania

8474418

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lakota%20High%20School%20%28West%20Chester%2C%20Ohio%29

Lakota High School (West Chester, Ohio)

Lakota High School was a high school in the Lakota School District in Butler County, Ohio; it encompasses both West Chester (formerly Union) Township and Liberty Township. The Thunderbird was the Lakota mascot, drawing on the Native American name, T-Birds being a common nickname. Much of the district was rural when originally established, especially the more northern Liberty Township, but became predominately suburban with population growth and the expansion of metropolitan Cincinnati, Ohio. The school was built in 1959. It eventually split into two high schools in 1997: Lakota East High School and Lakota West High School. The Lakota High School site, on Tylersville Road in West Chester, Ohio, is now used as both a Freshman School and Early Childhood Center for the Lakota School District. Ohio High School Athletic Association State Championships Boys Basketball – 1992 Boys Cross Country – 1983 Girls Cross Country – 1984 Girls Volleyball - 1994 Notable alumni David Collins, producer Troy Evans, former NFL player with the Houston Texans and New Orleans Saints Brooke Wyckoff, former basketball player for the Florida State Seminoles and now-defunct Orlando Miracle Gerri Willis, American television news journalist and former host of The Willis Report Ken Lewis (musician), American record producer, mixing engineer, songwriter, and multi-instrumentalist References External links Defunct schools in Ohio Education in Butler County, Ohio

8474422

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GLOBIO

GLOBIO

GLOBIO is the registered name for the American, Portland, Oregon based non-profit charity called the Foundation for Global Biodiversity Education for Children. It should not be confused with the GLOBIO biodiversity model, developed by the Netherlands Environmental Assessment Agency. The American charity developed internet-based and hands-on educational resources to teach children about biological and cultural diversity. It was founded by the environmental photographer Gerry Ellis in 2001. Web resources developed by GLOBIO previously included the child-centered online multimedia encyclopedia named Glossopedia (which is no longer available). and the Great Ape photo-journalist project named GreatApes2020. GLOBIO is funded by Toyota USA Foundation grant and private donations. Its partners include the Wolong Nature Reserve in China, Folkmanis Puppets, and the North American Association for Environmental Education. References External links GLOBIO Home page GreatApes2020 Project home page Environmental organizations based in the United States

8474426

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mama%20Said%20%28The%20Shirelles%20song%29

Mama Said (The Shirelles song)

"Mama Said" is a song performed by the Shirelles, written by Luther Dixon and Willie Denson. It became a top-ten hit, on both the pop and R&B charts, when it was released as a single in 1961. "Mama Said" went number four on the Billboard Hot 100 and number two on the R&B chart and has been covered by American Spring, Melanie, Dusty Springfield, the Stereos, the Growlers, and a young Dionne Bromfield. It was also the inspiration for "Days Like This" by Van Morrison. Nick Lowe covered it on his 2001 album, The Convincer. "Mama Said" was featured during the closing of the third season Orange is the New Black episode, "Fake it Till You Fake it Some More" and also appeared in the seventh season of Adventure Time at the end of the eponymous episode "Mama Said". Billboard named the song number 44 on their list of 100 Greatest Girl Group Songs of All Time. Charts Dionne Bromfield version "Mama Said" was covered by Dionne Bromfield for her album Introducing (2009). It made number 43 on the UK Singles Chart. References External links Lyrics, at Songmeanings Mama Said, at Discogs 1961 songs 1961 singles 1970 singles Songs written by Luther Dixon The Shirelles songs Little Eva songs Nick Lowe songs Scepter Records singles Songs about mothers

8474430

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dundonald%20Park

Dundonald Park

Dundonald Park is located in the Centretown neighbourhood of Ottawa, Ontario, Canada. It occupies a city block, with Somerset Street West to the north, Bay Street to the west, MacLaren Street to the south, and Lyon Street to the east. It was named after Douglas Cochrane, 12th Earl of Dundonald, who was the last British officer to command the Canadian militia. In June 2003, the City of Ottawa and in April 2004, the Canadian federal government put up memorial plaques in Dundonald Park commemorating the Soviet defector, Igor Gouzenko. It was from this park that Royal Canadian Mounted Police agents monitored Gouzenko's apartment across the street on the night men from the Soviet embassy came looking for Gouzenko. Notes External links Dundonald Park community group on Facebook Parks in Ottawa

8474441

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gio%20Gonz%C3%A1lez

Gio González

Giovany Aramis González (born September 19, 1985) is an American former professional baseball pitcher. He played in Major League Baseball (MLB) for the Oakland Athletics, Washington Nationals, Milwaukee Brewers and Chicago White Sox. A two-time All-Star, González led the National League in wins and won the Warren Spahn Award in 2012. He is of Cuban descent. Early life González was born in Hialeah, Florida, to a Cuban immigrant mother from Havana and a first-generation Cuban-American father from New Jersey. He attended Hialeah High School in Hialeah, for the first three years of his high school career, where they won two state championships and nearly won a third. After his junior year, he transferred over to Monsignor Edward Pace High School in 2004 where he played with future Nationals teammate Chris Marrero. Playing career Draft and minor leagues The Chicago White Sox selected González in the first round with the 38th overall selection of the 2004 MLB draft. In 2005, he was traded to the Philadelphia Phillies along with Aaron Rowand and Daniel Haigwood for slugger Jim Thome. While with the Phillies, Baseball America rated González the 2 prospect in their farm system behind Cole Hamels in 2006. In December 2006 he was traded back to the White Sox along with Gavin Floyd for Freddy García. González led the minor leagues with 185 strikeouts in 150 innings in 2007. Oakland Athletics On January 3, 2008, the White Sox traded González along with fellow prospects Ryan Sweeney and Fautino de los Santos to the Oakland Athletics for Nick Swisher. He was ranked the No. 1 prospect in the White Sox system at the time of the trade. González was called up to MLB on August 5, 2008, and made his MLB debut on August 6. Following the 2009 spring training camp, he was returned to the Triple-A Sacramento River Cats. González started the 2010 season throwing 6+ innings against the Los Angeles Angels of Anaheim. He allowed 2 runs on 6 hits, striking out 6 and walking 1 in the 10–4 win. González was selected to the 2011 MLB All-Star Game. At the 2011 All-Star Game in Phoenix, Arizona, González was called out to the mound with two outs in the bottom of the eighth inning and struck out the only batter he would face, Jay Bruce. On the final day of the 2011 season, González threw 11 strikeouts over eight shut-out innings against the Seattle Mariners to secure a career-high 16 wins for the season. Washington Nationals 2012 On December 23, 2011, the Athletics traded González and Robert Gilliam to the Washington Nationals for Brad Peacock, Tommy Milone, Derek Norris and A. J. Cole. On January 15, 2012, González signed a five-year extension worth $42 million through 2016 covering his arbitration-eligible years. The deal also included club options for 2017 and 2018. González became the first pitcher since 1918 to have three consecutive appearances in which he finished a start with at least six shutout innings and no more than two hits allowed. González set a Nationals record when he pitched 25 consecutive scoreless innings, that ended on April 29, 2012. When the 2012 MLB All-Star Game roster was announced on July 1, González found himself on it for the second time in his career. Later that same day, he earned his 11th win on the season after the Nationals topped the Atlanta Braves, 8–4. González would earn one more win in his last start before the All-Star break, pushing his record to 12–3 and lowering his ERA to 2.92, and in doing so, was tied for the most wins in the first half of the season. His win total tied a Nationals record set in 2005 by Liván Hernández. On August 8, 2012, González hit his first career home run off Houston Astros pitcher Armando Galarraga and pitched his second career complete game. On August 31, González pitched his first career shutout in a 10–0 rout of the St. Louis Cardinals. When González and the Nationals beat the Milwaukee Brewers on September 22, it moved his record to 20–8 and he became the first pitcher in MLB to reach the 20-win mark on the season. He finished the regular season with a major league best 21 wins, to go along with a 2.89 ERA and 207 strikeouts, winning the 2012 Warren Spahn Award as the best left-handed pitcher in the majors. González finished third in NL Cy Young voting in 2012. 2013–2018 González's name, along with those of other MLB players, was listed in connection with a clinic thought to produce performance-enhancing drugs in a January 2013 report. On August 5, González was cleared of any wrongdoing having to do with the Biogenesis scandal. He was not among the 12 players who were suspended. In 2013, González had a record of 11–8 with a 3.36 ERA. In the first half of 2014, González went 6–5 with a 3.56 ERA. On July 20, González recorded his 1,000th career strikeout against the Milwaukee Brewers, including 511 strikeouts with the Oakland Athletics and 489 strikeouts with the Washington Nationals. He ended the 2014 season with a 10–10 record and a 3.57 ERA. In 2015, he was 11–8 with a 3.79 ERA and led the major leagues in allowing opposing batters the highest batting average on balls in play (.341). In 2016, he went 11–11 with a 4.57 ERA, his highest since 2009. His WAR of 0.9 was also his worst since 2009. In 2017 he was 15–9 with a 2.96 ERA. He led the major leagues in stolen third bases of allowed with seven. To start 2018, he went 7–11 in 27 starts. He recorded 126 strikeouts while having a 4.57 ERA and a 1.5 WAR. Milwaukee Brewers On August 31, 2018, the Nationals traded González to the Milwaukee Brewers for KJ Harrison and Gilbert Lara. He would make five starts for the Brewers, going 3–0, posting a 2.13 ERA. In a 2–1 loss of Game 4 of the NLCS against the Los Angeles Dodgers, Gonzalez suffered a high ankle sprain, attempting to field a ball hit by Yasiel Puig, ending his season and being replaced by Zach Davies on the Brewers roster. New York Yankees On March 19, 2019, González signed a minor league contract with the New York Yankees. The deal guaranteed $3 million if he made the big league roster and $300,000 for each game started. After pitching for the Scranton/Wilkes-Barre RailRiders, González opted out of his contract and the Yankees released him on April 22. Return to the Brewers González signed a major league contract with Milwaukee on April 26. He went 2–1 with a 3.19 ERA to start the year with Milwaukee before going on the disabled list with a dead arm on June 1. He was activated from the DL on July 20. Chicago White Sox On December 20, 2019, González signed a one-year, $5 million contract with the Chicago White Sox, with an option for 2021. With the 2020 Chicago White Sox, González appeared in 12 games, compiling a 1–2 record with 4.83 ERA and 34 strikeouts in innings pitched. Miami Marlins On March 3, 2021, González signed a minor league contract with the Miami Marlins organization that included an invitation to spring training. He announced his retirement on March 25, 2021, stating that donning the jersey of his hometown club was one of his "biggest dreams" but that his "body wasn't keeping up with his mind." Scouting González threw four pitches: a four-seam fastball at 92–95 mph, a two-seam fastball at 91–95, a curveball at 78–82, and a changeup at 85–87 that he used against right-handed hitters. He used his curveball frequently when he was ahead in the count, especially against left-handers. González's pitches had above-average strike out whiff rates, with the curveball leading at 36% and the changeup close behind at 35%. His curve also had an outstanding ground ball/fly ball ratio at nearly 7:1. Gio said of his curveball: My curveball is a blessing. My father taught it to me. He felt that it was a pitch he wanted me to learn, right on the side of the house, and it just ended up working. I never asked what the tricks were, or anything like that. He made it simple for me to use on my own form, and it works for me. I've never changed my grip since the day my dad showed me how to throw it. He taught me how to try to make it look exactly like a fastball. González was a strikeout pitcher, with a rate of nearly one per inning over his career. He was fourth in strikeouts per nine innings pitched in the AL in 2011, and second in the NL for the 2012 season (). Personal life Gio González is married to Berenice Lea Moures, with whom he has two children. In 2012, González created the GIO (Giving Individuals Opportunities) foundation, a charity to assist medical patients in need of financial support. He is also a comic book hobbyist. References External links 1985 births Living people American League All-Stars American sportspeople of Cuban descent Baseball players from Hialeah, Florida Birmingham Barons players Bristol White Sox players Chicago White Sox players Kannapolis Intimidators players Major League Baseball pitchers Milwaukee Brewers players National League All-Stars National League wins champions Oakland Athletics players Peoria Saguaros players Potomac Nationals players Reading Phillies players Sacramento River Cats players Scranton/Wilkes-Barre RailRiders players Washington Nationals players Winston-Salem Warthogs players World Baseball Classic players of the United States 2013 World Baseball Classic players Monsignor Edward Pace High School alumni

8474454

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pintosmalto

Pintosmalto

Pintosmalto or Pinto Smauto is an Italian literary fairy tale written by Giambattista Basile in his 1634 work, the Pentamerone. Italo Calvino included a variant from oral tradition, The Handmade King, based on two tales from Calabria. He noted that variants are also found in Naples, Abruzzo, and Sicily. It is Aarne-Thompson type 425, the search for the lost bridegroom, in an unusual variation, involving motifs similar to Pygmalion and Galatea. Translations Nancy Canepa translated the tale as Splendid Shine and as Pretty as a Picture, although she stated that the literal meaning of the title is "painted enamel". Synopsis A merchant's daughter, Betta, continually refused to marry. One day, he asked her what she wanted him to bring her after a journey. She asked for large amounts of sugar and sweet almonds, scented water, musk and amber, various jewels, gold thread, and above all a trough and a silver trowel. Extravagant though it was, he brought it. She took it and made a statue of it, and prayed to the Goddess of Love, and the statue became a living man. She took him to her father and told him she wished to marry him. At the wedding feast, a queen fell in love with Pintosmalto, and because he was still innocent, tricked him into coming with her. When Betta could not find him, she set out. An old woman sheltered her for a night and taught her three sayings to use. Betta went on, and found the city Round Mount, where the queen kept Pintosmalto. She used the first of the sayings; it conjured up a jeweled coach, and she bribed the queen to let her spend the night at Pintosmalto's door. The queen drugged Pintosmalto into sleep that night. Betta's pleadings went unheard. She used the second; it conjured up a golden cage with a singing bird of jewels and gold, and it went with it as with the coach. The next day, Pintosmalto went to the garden, and a cobbler who lived nearby and had heard everything told him about the lamenting woman. Betta used the third saying, which conjured up marvelous clothes, and won her a third night. Pintosmalto roused at her account of her sufferings and how she had made him; he took everything the queen had taken from Betta, and some jewels and money in recompense for her injuries, and they fled to her father's home. Analysis Tale type Philologist classified the tale as Italian type 425, Lo sposo scomparso ("The Lost Husband"). Although the tale is classified as the more general type ATU 425, "The Search for the Lost Husband", the tale pertains to a cycle of stories found in Italy, Greece and Turkey: the heroine, refusing to marry any suitor chosen for her, decides to fashion her own husband out of materials, and prays to a deity for him to come alive. Variants Italy In Calvino's version, the heroine is a princess, not a merchant's daughter, the king gives her flour and sugar when she declares she will make her own husband if she wishes to marry, and she brings the hero, King Pepper, to life by singing a charm about how she had done various things for six months to make him. She is aided on the journey not by an old woman, but by three hermits, who give her nuts to crack; these produce other objects in gold, which she uses in the same manner. Letterio Di Francia reported a variant from Abruzzi collected by Finamore with the title La favele de Niccasbarre ("The Tale of Niccasbarre"), wherein the artificial husband is created with flour and sugar. The human princess still has to search for her husband, and is gifted fruits on her way there: a chestnut, a walnut, an orange and a lemon. Author published a tale titled L'innamorato di miele, translated as The Lover Made of Honey. In this tale, a widowed cobbler called Jacob has a daughter named Granata, who, one day, asks her father to buy her a hundredweight of sugar, honey and flour, for she will lock herself up for a year, a month and a day in order to make herself a lover. After the appointed time, she fashions a puppet she leaves in the sun to dry, then blows the breath of life into him, and he becomes a human prince. Some time later, a gypsy caravan passes by the city, and a gypsy woman sees the handsome puppet and admires its beauty, but she slips off. In her rage, she curses Granata that she will not find her lover after seven years and after wearing down seven pairs of iron shoes. Worried, Granata tells her father the gypsy woman's curse and commissions him the special shoes. She wanders through lands until she crosses the Dead Sea and meets three monks, to whom she tells the reason for her journey. The monks, in response, each give her a hazel nut, an almond and a walnut. She continues on until she reaches a large city, then cracks open the walnut, revealing a gold loom inside. She begins to announce she has a gold loom, and the local queen learns of this. Wanting to own the loom, the queen sends for Granata, who finds her lover Sion, made of suger and honey, has been adopted by the queen, and trades the loom for a night with Sion. The queen, suspecting something, orders a lady-in-waiting named Mafalda to give an opium drink to Sion, so that he cannot react to Granata's pleas. The girl tries to wake him up on the first night, to no avail, then cracks open the almond (which reveals a golden spindle) and the hazel nut (which produces a shuttle of gold), trading their contents for two more nights with Sion. On the third night, Sion wakes up and recognizes his wife/creatress, choosing to go with her instead of staying with the queen. America Folklorist Ruth Ann Musick collected a variant from West Virginia from a man named Jon De Luca, in Fairmont, who learned from his mother, who learned from her mother. In this tale, titled The Dough Prince, a princess who cannot find any fitting suitor, decides to create her own lover: she mixes dough and shapes it like a human male, to whom she gives life with a kiss. As it happens in other tales, the prince is captured by a foreign queen, and his princess goes after him. She meets an old man who gives her three valuable stones and she trades them with the foreign queen for three nights with the prince. See also References Italian fairy tales Fiction about shapeshifting Stories within Italian Folktales ATU 400-459

8474458

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ballinatray

Ballinatray

Ballinatray Lower () and Ballintray Upper () are townlands in Gorey, County Wexford, Ireland. Other townlands in Ireland are called Ballinatray as well. References Griffiths Valuation of Ireland: Ardamine, County Wexford Townlands of County Wexford Gorey

8474465

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joe%20Bolkcom

Joe Bolkcom

Joseph Bolkcom (born July 29, 1956) is a former member of the Iowa Senate. A Democrat, he was first elected to the Senate in 1998 and served for 24 years before retiring in 2023. During his tenure he represented the 23rd, 39th and 43rd District of the General Assembly, which includes most of metropolitan Iowa City. Bolkcom graduated from Saint Ambrose University in Davenport in 1983. He went on to earn a master's degree in Public Affairs from the University of Iowa. He served from 1993 to 1998 on the Johnson County Board of Supervisors. Prior to that he worked for Johnson County Health Department, Senior Advocates, Inc., and Senior Education, Inc. He is a member of the Iowa Chapter of the Sierra Club. References External links Senator Joe Bolkcom official Iowa Legislature site Senator Joe Bolkcom official Iowa General Assembly site State Senator Joe Bolkcom official constituency site Iowa State Senator Joe Bolkcom official campaign site Senator Joe Bolkcom's Photo Gallery at Picasa Democratic Party Iowa state senators 1956 births Living people St. Ambrose University alumni University of Iowa alumni People from Bloomington, Minnesota Politicians from Iowa City, Iowa County supervisors in Iowa 21st-century American politicians

8474476

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Horace%20Hendrickson

Horace Hendrickson

Horace James "Horse" Hendrickson (August 24, 1910 – May 22, 2004) was an American football, basketball and baseball player, coach, and college athletics administrator. He served as the head football coach at Elon University from 1937 to 1941 and at North Carolina State University from 1952 to 1953, compiling a career college football record of 35–28–1. From 1937 to 1941, Hendrickson coached at Elon University, where he compiled a 31–12–1 record. His best season came in 1941, when his team went 8–1. For much of the 1940s, he was an assistant coach at the University of Pennsylvania. From 1952 to 1953, he coached at North Carolina State University, where he compiled a 4–16 record. Hendrickson played football, basketball and baseball at Duke University. He then served as director of athletics at Elon University, and coached football, baseball and basketball from 1937 to 1942. In 1942, he moved to the University of Pennsylvania replacing Howard Odell as the backfield coach on the football team. Family Hendrickson was married to Gene Fulton Swartz of Derry, Pennsylvania on June 18, 1938. The couple had two sons: Richard Fulton and James Alva. Head coaching record Football References External links 1910 births 2004 deaths American football quarterbacks American men's basketball coaches American men's basketball players Brooklyn Dodgers (AAFC) coaches College men's basketball head coaches in the United States Duke Blue Devils baseball players Duke Blue Devils football coaches Duke Blue Devils football players Duke Blue Devils men's basketball players Elon Phoenix athletic directors Elon Phoenix baseball coaches Elon Phoenix football coaches Elon Phoenix men's basketball coaches NC State Wolfpack football coaches Penn Quakers baseball coaches Penn Quakers football coaches People from Delphos, Ohio Coaches of American football from Ohio Players of American football from Ohio Baseball coaches from Ohio Baseball players from Ohio Basketball coaches from Ohio Basketball players from Ohio

8474480

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sophia%20Kingdom

Sophia Kingdom

Sophia Kingdom (15 February 1775 – 5 January 1855), later known as Lady Brunel, was the mother of Isambard Kingdom Brunel. Her father was William Kingdom, a contracting agent for the Royal Navy and the army, and her mother was Joan Spry. She was born in Plymouth, England. She was the youngest of sixteen children. When she was eight years old, her father William died (1783). Sophia Kingdom was sent to France to improve her knowledge of the French language. She became ill on the journey over, and whilst her travelling companions decided to return to England to avoid the escalating unrest in France, she was unable to accompany them and instead remained in France. While working there as a governess she met Marc Isambard Brunel (1769–1849) at Rouen in the early 1790s. In 1793, Marc Brunel had to flee the French Revolution, going to the United States, but Sophia remained in Rouen. During the Reign of Terror, she was arrested as an English spy, and daily expected to be executed. She was only saved by the fall of Robespierre in June 1794. In April 1795, Sophia Kingdom was able to leave France and travel to London. Marc Brunel remained in the United States for six years, sailing for England in February 1799. He immediately searched for and found Sophia Kingdom in London. They married on 1 November 1799. They had two daughters, Sophia Macnamara and Emma, followed by a son, Isambard Kingdom Brunel, born on 9 April 1806. Isambard was one of the greatest engineers of the 19th century. Sophia's sister, Elizabeth Kingdom (1761–1856), married Thomas (1760–1843) the namesake son of Thomas Mudge, the horologist. TBM A Tunnel Boring Machine on Crossrail is named for Sophia. References Sources Oxford Dictionary of National Biography 1775 births 1855 deaths People from Plymouth, Devon 19th-century English women Family of Isambard Kingdom Brunel

8474484

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ren%C3%A9%20Berg

René Berg

René Berg (born Ian Bruce, 24 February 1956 – 28 July 2003) was an English musician, vocalist, guitarist, and songwriter, who recorded and performed in a number of bands in late 1970s until his death. His bands included Idle Flowers, Soho Vultures, René Berg Band, along with appearances in Hanoi Rocks, Herman Brood Band, and Jim Penfold's The Killers (1986) (previously known as The Hollywood Killers). Biography 1956–1985 René was born Ian Alistair Bruce in 1956, the oldest child of a GP. He grew up in Wanstead, East London, and at the age of eight went to King's College Choir School in Cambridge as a boarder. When he was 13 the family moved to Eastry, Kent, and Ian transferred to day school and took up fishing, about which his sister Fiona says he was completely passionate about.At about the same time he bought his first guitar with Green Shield Stamps, and taught himself to play, and the basement of the Eastry house soon became a regular jam session venue. He went to school after spending three years at a catering college. In 1979, he toured the Netherlands with Soho, a band formed by Tim Smit (now director of the Eden Project). The band also featured Sev Lewkowicz (later to play with Mungo Jerry and Dennis Locorriere) on keyboards. In 1981, after a stint in Amsterdam with Herman Brood's Wild Romance (initially on guitar, but also on lead vocals after Brood was jailed for dealing LSD), René, as he was by then known, returned to the UK and formed Idle Flowers in September 1981. The band opened up for Hanoi Rocks on 20 January 1983 at the Klub Foot, Clarendon and René also guested on guitar with Hanoi Rocks sometime in that year and joined Hanoi Rocks on stage at Birmingham Mermaid on 27 May for the encore. The Idle Flowers recorded many demos for an intended debut LP entitled The Leather, The Loneliness and Your Dark Eyes (which became the title of René's 1992 solo album) but the recordings remain unreleased. The only official Idle Flowers release was "All I Want Is You" / "Fizz Music" in 1984 on the Miles Ahead label recorded at the Abbey Road Studios. 1985 In March 1985, Berg was asked by Michael Monroe and Nasty Suicide to join Hanoi Rocks as the band's new bassist (Sami Yaffa having left the band). Berg was an old friend of the band and had played occasionally with Andy McCoy. The new Hanoi Rocks line-up (which also included one time Clash drummer Terry Chimes filling in after Razzle's death) only lasted a few months before falling apart. However Berg did record bass on the Rock & Roll Divorce (1985) live album and the final Hanoi Rocks 1985 demos. His self-penned song "Fast Car" included on his 1992 solo album, as well as Hanoi Rocks posthumous Lean on Me (1992). The rest of the 1985 demos remain unreleased. On 30 July 1985, while at a party on board celebrating the release of The Pogues album Rum Sodomy & The Lash, Berg heroically rescued Richard Fenn (a sub-editor for the Melody Maker) from drowning in the Thames after Fenn leaped overboard. 1986–1990 Shortly after the demise of Hanoi Rocks in May 1985, a month later the Idle Flowers broke up in June 1985 after almost a four-year stint together. Berg kept a low profile before ending up singing lead vocals in 1986 on the Suicide Twins' (Andy McCoy and Nasty Suicide's side acoustic band) Sweet Pretending. In 1986, Berg grouped with Jim Penfold from The Hollywood Killers and started The Killers who recorded four unreleased demos, appeared on London Weekend TV, and did many shows before disbanding in early 1987. Also in 1987, he played on the Gang Bang Band's 12" EP recorded with Nasty Suicide from Hanoi Rocks, Bernie Tormé, Dumpy Dunnell and members of the Quireboys, Babysitters and Wolfsbane. 1987 proved a very productive year for Berg who fronted his second band (after the Idle Flowers) called West End Central which quickly evolved into the Soho Vultures with Nasty Suicide (Hanoi Rocks) on guitar. Tommy Fox soon replaced Dougie (Idle Flowers) on bass and the Soho Vultures recorded six songs in 1987 that to this day remain unreleased. The Soho Vultures songs recorded were "Head Over Heels", "Can't Get To Sleep", "The Leather", "The Loneliness and Your Dark Eyes", "Happy", "Too Late" and "London Town". "Too Late" featured Nasty Suicide on lead vocals while the other songs featured Berg's vocals. "The Leather", "The Loneliness and Your Dark Eyes", "Happy" and "Too Late" were to be re-recorded for the band's debut single on Ammunition Records that never came to be. "Head Over Heels", "Can't Get To Sleep", "The Leather" and "The Loneliness and Your Dark Eyes", were all recorded for René's 1992 solo album. Other Soho Vultures tracks played live included the old Idle Flowers songs "Down The Avenue", "Feel Your Love", "Glad I'm Not American", "Rob The Bank", "The Letter" and "Alright Alright" as well as a cover of Hanoi Rocks "Boiler". The Soho Vultures played frequently in London at the Marquee and Dingwalls, toured Finland in September of that year appearing on radio shows, a Finnish TV music programme entitled Rock Stop, and made a rarely seen video for the song "Head Over Heels", before calling it a day in late 1987. 1991–2003 After the Soho Vultures disbanded, Berg remained quiet for a few years until he scored a bigger record deal and recorded his only solo album The Leather, The Loneliness and Your Dark Eyes released in 1992 on Communique Records. When he arrived back on the scene he was revitalised by the album release, (his first in eight years since the Idle Flowers single) and promoted and played many live dates between 1992 and 1993 some with his old bandmate Nasty Suicide guesting on guitar. The album featured guitarist Bernie Tormé, bassist Paul Gray|and Rat Scabies on drums. A planned tour of Europe and Japan to promote the album was scheduled but was later cancelled. In 1993 Berg contributed to Nasty Suicide's Cool Talk Injection (1994) album singing lead vocals on the Alvin Gibbs-penned song "The Trap That Venus Laid" and backing vocals on two other songs. Berg died on 28 July 2003 estranged from those who knew him. One of his proudest moments was appearing onstage in New York City, playing with Chuck Berry. His legacy lives on. The Darkness' 2003 hit "I Believe in a Thing Called Love" is close in arrangement to Berg's "Rob The Bank". Discography Idle Flowers All I Want Is You b/w Fizz Music Single 7" (Mile Ahead Records, 1984) Studio Demos (Unreleased, 1981–1984) Songs London Town Happy The Letter (Smash on lead vocals) Down The Avenue Feel Your Love Glad I'm Not American Lorraine Pleasures Girl on the Bus West End Central Live Recordings 8/4/87, London, Dingwall's (Unreleased). 16 June 1987,London Marquee Club (Unreleased), Soho Vultures Studio Demos (Unreleased, 1987) Songs London Town Happy Too Late (Nasty Suicide and René Berg on lead vocals) Head Over Heels Can't Get To Sleep The Leather, The Loneliness And Your Dark Eyes Live Recordings 28 August 1987, Helsinki 007 Club, Finland (Unreleased) 7/10/1987, London, Dingwall's (Unreleased) Songs Alright Alright (Exclusive to these live recordings) René Berg Band The Leather, The Loneliness and Your Dark Eyes Album CD (Communique Records, 1992) Songs Secrets Head Over Heels Can't Get To Sleep If I Had Wings Get Up Get Out Just Wanted To Dance With You Fast Car Ideal Woman Rob The Bank The Leather, The Loneliness And Your Dark Eyes Live Recordings 30 May 1992, London, Marquee Club (Unreleased) 22 May 1993, London, The Sir George Robey (Unreleased) 14 November 1993, London, Underworld (Unreleased) Songs Everybody Gets The Blues (exclusive to these live recordings) Band feat. Timo Kaltio, Les Darell, Nasty Suicide René Berg appearances Herman Brood Band appears on guitar Hanoi Rocks Rock & Roll Divorce live album LP (Lick Records, 1985) Lean on Me Album LP/CD (Lick Records, 1992) (Recorded 1985) Studio demos (Unreleased, 1985) appears on bass "songs" Party Running back to your Lover Lips of Love Playing with myself Suicide Twins Silver Missiles And Nightingales Album LP/CD (Yahoo Records, 1986) appears on additional lead vocals on "Sweet Pretending" The Killers aka Jim Penfold & The Hollywood Killers Studio Demos (Unreleased, 1986) Songs Cry Shatter The Heart Cactus Tongues Lonely appears on guitar and vocals Gangbang Band S/T EP 12" (1987) appears on bass and vocals Cheap And Nasty Cool Talk Injection Album LP/CD (Pony Canyon International, 1994) appears on lead vocals on "The Trap That Venus Laid" and backing vocals on "Healing Touch" and "End of Time". Band members Idle Flowers (1981–1985) René Berg – Lead Vocals / Guitars Smash – Drums Froze – Bass Dougie – Bass Will Power (Jim Hyatt) – Drums Anthony Thistlethwaite (Nikki Sudden solo & The Waterboys) – Saxophone (on "All I Want Is You" 1984 Single only) West End Central (1987) René Berg – Lead Vocals / Guitars Nasty Suicide (Hanoi Rocks) – Guitars / Vocals Smash – Drums Dave Tregunna (Sham 69, Lords of the New Church) – Bass Dougie – Bass Tommy Fox – Bass Soho Vultures (1987) René Berg – Lead Vocals / Guitars Nasty Suicide (Hanoi Rocks) – Guitars / Vocals Smash – Drums Tommy Fox – Bass René Berg Band (1992–1993) Studio line up René Berg – Lead Vocals / Guitars Bernie Torme (Ozzy Osbourne Band, GILLAN, Torme, Electric Gypsies, Desperado) – Guitars Rat Scabies (Damned) – Drums Paul Gray (Eddie and the Hot Rods, Damned, U.F.O.) – Bass Live line up (1993) René Berg – Lead vocals / guitar Darrel Bath (U.K. Subs, Crybabys, Dogs D'Amour) – Guitar / backing vocals Les Riggs – Drums / Backing vocals (Cheap and Nasty) Timo Kaltio – Guitar (Cheap and Nasty) Danny Garcia – Bass / backing vocals (The Crybabys) References External links Sleaze Grinder Website: "Flash Metal René Berg". Retrieved 16 December 2006. Rock Detector Website: "René Berg at MusicMight". Retrieved 16 December 2006. "Soho Vultures". Flower Shop Caughtbytheriver.net 1956 births 2003 deaths Hanoi Rocks members

8474489

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bobolice

Bobolice

Bobolice (; ) is a town in northwest Poland, part of Koszalin County, West Pomeranian Voivodeship. As of December 2021, it has a population of 3,896. Notable residents Paul Kleinschmidt (1883–1949), German painter and graphic artist Hans-Jürgen Heise (1930-2013), German author and poet References External links Official website Jewish Community of Bobolice on Virtual Shtetl Cities and towns in West Pomeranian Voivodeship Koszalin County

8474496

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20people%20from%20Turin

List of people from Turin

This is a list of people from or associated with the city of Turin, Italy. A Adelaide of Susa (10161091), princess. Africa Unite, musical group. Piero Aggradi (1934-2008), footballer. Andrea Agnelli (born 1975), president of Juventus. Edoardo Agnelli (18921935), industrialist. Gianni Agnelli (19212003), industrialist. Giovanni Agnelli (18661945), industrialist. Umberto Agnelli (19342004), industrialist. Marisa Allasio (born 1936), actress. Amadeo I of Spain (1845–1890), Italian prince, King of Spain, 1870 to 1873. Giuliano Amato (born 1938), politician. Fausto Amodei (born 1935), singer-songwriter. Felice Andreasi (19282005), actor. Piero Angela (1928–2022), journalist, television presenter, writer, popularizer of science. Alessandro Antonelli (17981888), architect. Giovanni Arpino (19271987), writer. Guido Ascoli (18871957), mathematician. Amedeo Avogadro (17761856), scientist. Gigi D'Agostino (born 1967), composer, singer, dj. Massimo d’Azeglio (17981866), politician, writer, painter. B Cesare Balbo (17891853), writer and politician. Giacomo Balla (18711958), painter. Franco Balmamion (born 1940), cyclist, two-times winner of the giro d’Italia. Giuseppe Baretti (17191789), writer and critic. Alessandro Baricco (born 1958), writer. Giambatista Beccaria (17161781), physicist. Camillo Benso (18101861), Conte di Cavour, politician. Livio Berruti (born 1939), athlete. Fausto Bertinotti (born 1940), politician and trade unionist. Nuccio Bertone (19141997), automobile designer and constructor. Roberto Bettega (born 1950), footballer, manager. Carlo Biscaretti di Ruffia (1879–1959), founder of an automobile museum. Norberto Bobbio (19092004), philosopher. Giorgio Bocca (19202011), partisan, journalist, writer. Carlo Bodro (1841c. 1900), organist and composer. Alessio Boggiatto (born 1981), swimmer. Ernesto Bonino (19222008), singer. Giampiero Boniperti (1928–2021), footballer, manager. Bartolomeo Bosco (17931863), illusionist. Giovanni Bosco (18151888), saint and founder of the Salesians. Carlo Bossoli (18151884), painter. Arturo Brachetti (born 1967), quick-change artist. Mercedes Bresso (born 1944), politician. Benedetto Brin (1833–1898), naval administrator and politician. Carla Bruni (born 1968), model, singer. Fred Buscaglione (19211960), singer. C Giuseppe Cafasso (18111860), saint. Italo Calvino (19231985), writer. Mauro German Camoranesi (born 1976), footballer. Gaspare Campari (18281882), inventor of the drink Campari. Carlo Alberto (17981849), King of Sardinia. Alfredo Casella (18831947), composer & musician. Valentino Castellani (born 1940), mayor and director of the Olympic committee. Felice Casorati (18831963), painter. Giorgio Ceragioli (19302008), engineer. Giuseppe Cerutti (1738–1792), a French-Italian author and politician. Luigi Palma di Cesnola (1832–1904), soldier, diplomat and archaeologist. Cristina Chiabotto (born 1986), Miss Italia, television presenter. Piero Chiambretti (born 1956), television presenter. Sergio Chiamparino (born 1948), mayor of Turin. Guido Chiesa (born 1959), director. Francesco Cirio (18361900), entrepreneur. Gustavo Colonnetti (18861968), mathematician and engineer. Gianpiero Combi (19021956), footballer; goalkeeper for the Italian team which won the World Cup in 1934. Giovanni Conso (19222015), jurist and politician. Athanase-Charles-Marie Charette de la Contrie (18321911), general, French royalist and ubiquitous military commander. Giuseppe Benedetto Cottolengo (17861842), saint and founder of the Piccola Casa della Divina Provvidenza. Roberto Cravero (born 1964), footballer. Leon Croizat (18941982), scientist. D Luigi Ferdinando Dagnese, novelist. E Umberto Eco (19322016), writer. Eiffel 65, musical group. Antonella Elia (born 1963), actress, television presenter. Giulio Einaudi (19121999), editor, founder of the publishers Einaudi. Ludovico Einaudi (born 1955), musician, composer. Luigi Einaudi (18741961), economist, politician, President of the Republic. Emanuele Filiberto (15281580), Duke of Savoy. F Francesco Faà di Bruno (18251888), army officer, scientist, mathematician and priest. Giorgio Faletti (19502014), comic, writer. Ugo Fano (19122001), scientist. Giuseppe Farina (19061966), pilot, Formula 1 world champion. Battista Farina (18931966), entrepreneur. Piero Fassino (born 1949), politician. Beppe Fenoglio (19221963), writer. Giuliano Ferrara (born 1952), journalist and politician. Davide Ferrario (born 1956), film director. Galileo Ferraris (18471897), scientist. Lorenzo Ferrero (born 1951), composer. Pietro Ferrero (18981949), entrepreneur. Nunzio Filogamo (19022002), the first Italian radio and television presenter. Giorgia Fiorio (born 1967), photographer. Luigi Firpo (19151989), historian. Vittorio Foa (19102008), politician. Pier Giorgio Frassati (19011926), Roman Catholic saint. Massimiliano Frezzato (born 1967), comic book author. Carlo Fruttero (19262012), writer. Guido Fubini (18791943), mathematician. Margherita Fumero (born 1947), television comic and theatrical actor. G Giuseppe Gabrielli (19031987), scientist. Ricardo Galeazzi (1866-1952), Surgeon. Luciano Gallino (19272015), sociologist. Sonia Gandhi (born 1946), politician. Gabriel Garko (born 1974), actor. Stanislao Gastaldon (18611939), composer. Giacinto Ghia (18871944), coachbuilder. Giuseppe Giacosa (18471906), poet, playwright, and librettist. Massimo Giletti (born 1962), television presenter. Natalia Ginzburg (19161991), writer. Vincenzo Gioberti (18011852), philosopher and politician. Giovanni Giolitti (18421928), politician. Sebastian Giovinco (born 1987), footballer. Piero Gobetti (19011926), politician. Cesare Goffi (19201995), professional footballer. Guido Gozzano (18831916), poet. Arturo Graf (18481913), poet and literary historian. Antonio Gramsci (18911937), politician, writer. Piero Gros (born 1954), skier. Guarino Guarini (16241683), architect. Count Angelo De Gubernatis (1840–1913), man of letters. Ambra Gutierrez (born 1992), model. I Massimo Introvigne (born 1955), attorney and founder of the Center for Studies on New Religions. J Giacomo Jaquerio (c. 1380–1453), painter. Filippo Juvarra (16781736), architect. L Alberto La Marmora (17881863), general, politician. Joseph Louis Lagrange (Giuseppe Lodovico Lagrangia) (17361813), mathematician. Vincenzo Lancia (18811937), industrialist. Luigi Lavazza (18591949), founder of the Lavazza coffee manufacturers. Gad Lerner (born 1954), journalist. Gabriella Lettini (born 1968), Waldensian pastor, ethicist, and feminist theologian. Carlo Levi (19021975), writer, painter. Primo Levi (19191987), chemist, writer. Rita Levi Montalcini (19092012), biologist, senator for life, Nobel prizewinner. Luciana Littizzetto (born 1964), actress. Cesare Lombroso (18351909), scientist. Marie Thérèse Louise of Savoy (1749–1792), Princesse de Lamballe, House of Savoy. Franco Lucentini (19202002), writer. Salvador Luria (19121991), scientist, Nobel prizewinner. M Erminio Macario (19021980), actor. Marco Maccarini (born 1976), television presenter. Joseph de Maistre (17531821), lawyer, diplomat, writer, and philosopher. Claudio Marchisio (born 1986), footballer. Carlo Marochetti RA (1805–1867), an Italian-born French sculptor. Ugo Martinat (19422009), politician. Enrico Martino (born 1948), photojournalist. Mau Mau, band. Ezio Mauro (born 1948), journalist, current editor of La Repubblica. Maximus of Turin (c. 380c. 465), saint and father of the Church; the first known bishop of Turin. Sandro Mazzola (born 1942), footballer. Valentino Mazzola (19191949), footballer. Juste-Aurèle Meissonier (1695–1750), goldsmith, sculptor and furniture designer. Luigi Meroni (19431967), footballer. Mario Merz (19252003), artist. Pietro Micca (16771706), soldier. Gianni Minà (1938–2023), journalist. Luciano Moggi (born 1937), director of Juventus F.C. Carlo Mollino (19051973), architect. Luca Cordero di Montezemolo (born 1947), entrepreneur. Franco Morzone (born 1918), footballer. Placido Mossello (1835–1894), painter. Leonardo Murialdo (18281900), saint. N Giulio Natta (19031979), chemist, Nobel prizewinner. Cesare Nay (19251994), footballer. Ugo Nespolo (born 1941), painter. P Giancarlo Pajetta (19111990), politician. Vilfredo Pareto (18481923), sociologist, economist and philosopher. Alba Parietti (born 1961), television presenter. Carlo Parola (19212000), footballer. Giovanni Pastrone (18831959), director. Giuseppe Patrucco (born 1932), retired footballer. Cesare Pavese (19081950), writer. Rita Pavone (born 1945), singer. Giuseppe Peano (18581932), mathematician. Giuseppe Pellizza da Volpedo (18681907), painter. Carlo Petrini (born 1949), founder of the International Slow Food Movement. Fabrizio Pinelli (born 1985), footballer. Sergio Pininfarina (19262012), entrepreneur, senator for life. Gilberto Pogliano (born 1908), former professional footballer. Gabry Ponte (born 1973), DJ and member of Eiffel 65. Vittorio Pozzo (18861968), football coach; coach for the Italian team which won the World Cup in 1934 and 1938. Carola Prosperi (1883 – 1981), writer, feminist and journalist. Gaetano Pugnani (17311798), violinist and composer. Q Lidia Quaranta (18911928), actress. R Carol Rama (19182015), artist. Tullio Regge (19312014), scientist, Albert Einstein Medal recipient. Righeira, music duo. Johnson Righeira (born 1960), singer, songwriter, musician, record producer, actor. Michael Righeira (born 1961), singer, songwriter, musician, actor. Marco Rizzo (born 1959), politician. Stefania Rocca (born 1971), actress. Gianni Rodari (19201980), writer. Medardo Rosso (18581928), sculptor. S Emilio Salgari (18621911), writer. Giuseppe Saragat (18981988), politician, President of the Republic. Massimo Scaglione (1931–2015), director. Gaetano Scirea (19531989), footballer. Quintino Sella (18271884), politician, entrepreneur. Dani Sénna (born 1991), footballer. Vincenzo Seratrice the Elder (1851–1922), painter. Andrea Laszlo De Simone (born 1986), musician. Leone Sinigaglia (18681944), composer, mountaineer. Ascanio Sobrero (18121888), chemist, discovered Nitroglycerin. Mario Soldati (19061999), writer, director. Germain Sommeiller (18151871), civil engineer. Piero Sraffa (18981983), economist. Subsonica, rock band. T Francesco Tamagno (18501905), operatic tenor. Armando Testa (19171992), graphic artist. Umberto Tozzi (born 1952), singer. Marco Travaglio (born 1964), journalist. Alex Treves (19292020), Italian-born American Olympic fencer. Teresina Tua (18661956), violinist. Emma Turolla (18581943), operatic soprano. U Umberto I (18441900), King of Italy. V Raf Vallone (19162002), footballer, partisan, journalist and stage and screen actor. Ferruccio Valobra (18981944, soldier, antifascist and partisan. Cristina Vane, country blues singer, guitarist, banjoist and songwriter. Arturo Varvelli (born 1976), researcher. Gianni Vattimo (1936–2023), philosopher and politician. Simona Ventura (born 1965), television presenter. Luciano Violante (born 1941), politician. Vittorio Amedeo I (15871637), Duke of Savoy. Vittorio Amedeo II (16661732), King of Sardinia. Vittorio Emanuele II (18201878), King of Italy. W William VII of Montferrat (c. 12401292), Marquess. References People Turin

8474515

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John%20%22Clipper%22%20Smith

John "Clipper" Smith

John Philip "Little Clipper" Smith (December 12, 1904 – May 11, 1973) was an American football player, coach, and college athletics administrator. He played college football as a guard at the University of Notre Dame under Knute Rockne. Smith was a consensus All-American in 1927. He later served as the head coach at North Carolina State University from 1931 to 1933 and at Duquesne University from 1936 to 1938, compiling a career record of 28–24–5. Smith was inducted into the College Football Hall of Fame as a player in 1975. He died on May 11, 1973, in West Hartford, Connecticut just before a National Football Foundation awards dinner that was to have honored him. Head coaching record College References External links 1904 births 1973 deaths American football guards Duquesne Dukes athletic directors Duquesne Dukes football coaches Georgetown Hoyas football coaches NC State Wolfpack football coaches Notre Dame Fighting Irish football coaches Notre Dame Fighting Irish football players Trinity Bantams football coaches High school football coaches in New Jersey All-American college football players College Football Hall of Fame inductees Sportspeople from Hartford, Connecticut Coaches of American football from Connecticut Players of American football from Hartford, Connecticut

8474524

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/10th%20Air%20Division

10th Air Division

"The 10th Air Division assumed responsibility for the air defense of Alaska south of the Alaskan Range on 1 November 1950. Subordinate units flew numerous interception and training missions. Between June 1957 and March 1960, the division operated and maintained Elmendorf AFB, Alaska, plus several smaller installations. It was replaced by the 5070th Air Defense Wing (for air defense), and the 5040th Air Base Wing (for base operations) in August 1960." Lineage Established as the 10 Air Division (Defense) on 24 October 1950 Organized on 1 November 1950 Discontinued on 27 April 1951 Activated on 27 April 1951 Inactivated on 20 July 1951 Activated on 1 November 1952 Discontinued and inactivated on 25 August 1960 Emblem Per saltire, sable, gules, vert and or, saltire argent between in chief a jet aircraft in flight above two mountain peaks all of the last, in the flanks an anti aircraft gun and a radar antenna directed outward all of the first fimbriated silver, in base five electric flashes issuing from the apex of radio tower all black. Assignments Alaskan Air Command, 1 November 1950 – 27 April 1951 Alaskan Air Command, 27 April 1951 – 20 July 1951 Alaskan Air Command, 1 November 1952 – 25 August 1960 Components Wing 5040 Air Base Wing: 1 June 57 - 25 August 1960 Groups 57th Fighter-Interceptor Group: attached c. 10 December 1950 – 27 April 1951 and 27 April 1951 – 20 July 1951; assigned 1 November 1952 – 13 April 1953 531st Aircraft Control and Warning Group: 17 November 1950 - 20 July 1951; 1 November 1952 - 13 April 1953 5039th Aircraft Control and Warning Group (later 5040th Aircraft Control and Warning Group), 1 June 1957 - 1 November 1959 Squadrons Interceptor Squadrons 31st Fighter-Interceptor Squadron: 20 August 1957 – 8 October 1958 64th Fighter-Interceptor Squadron: 13 April 1953 – 15 August 1957 65th Fighter-Interceptor Squadron: 13 April 1953 – 1 November 1957 66th Fighter-Interceptor Squadron: 13 April 1953 – 1 December 1957 317th Fighter-Interceptor Squadron: 15 August 1957 – 25 August 1960 Aircraft Control and Warning Squadrons 625th Aircraft Control and Warning Squadron, 1 January 1950 - 1 November 1950 626th Aircraft Control and Warning Squadron, 13 April 1953 - 1 June 1957, 1 November 1959 - 1 August 1960 705th Aircraft Control and Warning Squadron, 13 April 1953 - 1 June 1957, 1 November 1959 - 1 August 1960 709th Aircraft Control and Warning Squadron, c. 1 October 1955 - 1 November 1957 712th Aircraft Control and Warning Squadron, c. 1 October 1955 - 1 November 1957 713th Aircraft Control and Warning Squadron, 1 November 1959 - 1 August 1960 714th Aircraft Control and Warning Squadron, 1 November 1959 - 1 August 1960 717th Aircraft Control and Warning Squadron, 13 April 1953 - 1 June 1957, 1 November 1959 - 1 August 1960 719th Aircraft Control and Warning Squadron, 13 April 1953 - 1 June 1957, 1 November 1959 - 1 August 1960 720th Aircraft Control and Warning Squadron, 8 September 1955 - 1 June 1957, 1 November 1959 - 1 August 1960 743d Aircraft Control and Warning Squadron, 1 October 1955 - 1 June 1957 794th Aircraft Control and Warning Squadron, 8 September 1955 - 1 June 1957, 1 November 1959 - 1 August 1960 795th Aircraft Control and Warning Squadron, 8 September 1955 - 1 June 1957, 1 November 1959 - 1 August 1960 Other Squadrons 5015 Radar Evaluation Flight, Electronic Counter Measures (later 5040 Radar Evaluation Flight, Electronic Counter Measures; 5070 Radar Evaluation Squadron (Target Electronic Counter Measures): 1 August 1957 – 1 August 1960. 5039 Air Transport Squadron (later 5040 Operations Squadron): 1 June 1957 – 1 October 1957; 1 February 1959 – 1 August 1960 Stations Elmendorf Air Force Base, Alaska, 1 November 1950 – 27 April 1951 Elmendorf Air Force Base, Alaska, 27 April 1951 – 20 June 1951 Elmendorf Air Force Base, Alaska, 1 November 1952 – 25 August 1960 Commanders None (not manned), 1 November 1950–9 December 1950 Unknown, 10 December 1950 – 20 July 1951 Colonel Allen R. Springer, 1 November 1952 Colonel DeWitt S. Spain, July 1954 Brigadier General Dolf E. Muehleisen, August 1954 Colonel Donald W. Graham, July 1955 Colonel James R. Gunn Jr., c. August 1955 Colonel Louis E. Coira, 1 June 1957 Colonel John T. Shields, 22 October 1957 Colonel Jack A. Gibbs, 14 July 1959 – c.31 July 1960 Unknown, 1 August 1960–15 August 1960 Aircraft Lockheed F-80 Shooting Star, 1950–1951. Lockheed F-94 Starfire, 1952–1954 Northrop F-89 Scorpion, 1953–1957 Convair F-102 Delta Dagger, 1957–1960 Fairchild C-119 Flying Boxcar, 1957 Fairchild C-123 Provider, 1957–1960 Martin RB-57 Canberra, c. 1957–1960 Boeing TB-29 Superfortress, 1957–1960 Douglas C-54 Skymaster, by 1959–1960 Piasecki H-21 Workhorse, by 1959–1960 de Havilland Canada L-20 Beaver, by 1959–1960 See also List of United States Air Force air divisions References Notes Bibliography 010

8474528

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael%20Somare

Michael Somare

Sir Michael Thomas Somare (9 April 1936 – 26 February 2021) was a Papua New Guinean politician. Widely called the "father of the nation" (), he was the first Prime Minister after independence. At the time of his death, Somare was also the longest-serving prime minister, having been in office for 17 years over three separate terms: from 1975 to 1980; from 1982 to 1985; and from 2002 to 2011. His political career spanned from 1968 until his retirement in 2017. Besides serving as PM, he was minister of foreign affairs, leader of the opposition and governor of East Sepik Province. He served in a variety of positions. His base was not primarily in political parties but in East Sepik Province, the area that elected him. During his political career he was a member of the House of Assembly and after independence in 1975 the National parliament for the East Sepik Provincial – later open – seat. He was the first chief minister at the end of colonial rule. Thereafter he became the first Prime Minister after independence from 1975 to 1980. He returned to the office of Prime Minister from 1982 to 1985, and his longest stint in the position was from 2002 to 2011. He also served as Cabinet Minister: he was minister of foreign affairs from 1988 to 1992; from 1999 to 2001 he was subsequently minister of foreign affairs, minister of mining and Bougainville, minister of foreign affairs and Bougainville affairs. He was leader of the opposition from 1980 to 1982, and thereafter in that position from 1985 to 1988 and finally from 2001 to 2002. When the new position of political governor as head of the provincial administration and representative MP was created in 1995, Somare took up the job. He was governor of East Sepik from 1995 until 1999. After the last election that he contended, he again became Governor of East Sepik (2012–2016). He was a founding member of the Pangu Party which led PNG into independence in 1975. He resigned from the Pangu Party and became an independent in 1988. He rejoined the Pangu Party in 1994 but was sacked as a leader in the following year. He was then asked to join and lead the National Alliance Party. In 2017 he left politics and also the National Alliance Party. While Somare was in March 2011 hospitalised in Singapore, a majority of parliamentarians declared the post of Prime Minister vacant. Peter O'Neill was the new prime minister. This was contested. On 12 December 2011, the Supreme Court of Papua New Guinea ordered that Somare be reinstated as Prime Minister, ruling that O'Neill had not been lawfully appointed. This event triggered the 2011–12 Papua New Guinean constitutional crisis. Following a decisive victory for O'Neill in the 2012 general election, Somare expressed support for him, thereby ending the crisis and forming a coalition government. However, this truce did not last. When Somare announced his departure from politics, he made a blistering attack on O'Neill. Early life Somare was the son of Ludwig Somare Sana and Kambe Somare. Ludwig Somare was a policeman, rising to the rank of sergeant. Having taught himself to read and write, he was subsequently active in encouraging formation of small businesses and co-operatives, founding the Angoram Co-operative Society which he chaired from 1961 until 1967. In all, Ludwig Somare Sana had four wives and six children, of whom Somare was the eldest. Born in Rabaul in a village called Rapikid, where his father was then stationed, Somare grew up in his family village of Karau in the Murik Lakes district of East Sepik Province. Somare's earliest education was in a Japanese-run primary school at Karau during World War II where he learned to read, write and count in Japanese. Meanwhile, Somare's father was in hiding and fear of his life from the Japanese in Rabaul, but he remembers the Japanese with affection. Somare's earliest overseas trips, first as a parliamentarian and then as Prime Minister, were to Japan. From 1946 Somare attended Boram Primary School, then Dregerhafen Education Centre and Sogeri High School, graduating with a Leaving Certificate issued on behalf of the Australian state of Victoria in 1957. This was a teaching qualification at the time, and he then taught at several primary and secondary schools, returning to Sogeri High School for further training from 1962 to 1963. Sepik identity Somare liked to present himself in a lap-lap (a kind of sarong) instead of in trousers. Lap laps are not traditional in the sense of pre-colonial and is therefore a declaration of neo traditionalism. That is also evident in his autobiography that he published at independence. He was stressing his Sepik identity, despite being born in Rabaul on the islands and far from the Sepik, but he portrayed his time as a child in Sepik villages as decisive in forming his personality. His father brought him there to the village of Karau in the Murik Lakes region when Somare's mother separated from him. Somare paid elaborate attention to his initiation and the role of matrilineal descent is also evident there. ”Our mother’s brothers" receive for example the initiates after their ordeal. Yet the people of the Sepik do not enforce descent rules rigorously. Somare claimed also the honorific title of Sana in his father's line. This title asserts descent from the founder of the clan and is a designation as peacemaker. The title of Sana bestowed for example on the bearer the duty of organising a meal for the enemies before a fight. Sepik societies are no longer expected to make war: a historical element is thus given meaning in a new context. In order to obtain the title he was approved for admission to the elders of the clan before he had reached the required minimum age. This may be less controversial than Somare portrayed. Leadership in the Sepik is not based on descent but on a consensus among the elders and reputation is decisive. Anthropological literature argues that Western Polynesian societies are not particularly centralised and although there is a big man attitude to leadership there is a continuous jockeying for position among those who want to be big man. Political ideology in PNG refers to this as the Melanesian way. This background can be seen as a formative influence on Somare's political practice. PNG has not been dominated by one particular leader whose power base was in a centralised institution like a party or the army. Political life in Papua New Guinea is fragmented and decentralised: party formation is weak. Above all, Papua New Guinea has maintained a Westminster style democracy and leaders moved aside when they lost parliamentary majorities. At independence Somare insisted on a ministerial rather than a presidential system. In his valedictory parliamentary speech, he urged young leaders to learn what the Westminster system of government is meant to achieve. Early political career Somare stressed his background in the small emerging modern sector of Papua New Guinea rather than his immersion in Sepik culture in two long interviews at the end of his career. Later on, he was one of the 35 Papua New Guineans who went through a crash course that gave entry to the civil service. He was as a result also one of the few Papua New Guineans with a command of the English language. Therefore, he was qualified as a translator for the Legislative Council. This was a white-dominated institution but it gave him insight into the game of politics. He also became a radio announcer in Wewak, East Sepik. That was a great opportunity to make his name known in the area that elected him throughout his long career consistently as their MP. It also brought the ire of his supervisors because of his critical comments and they transferred him on administrative duties to Port Moresby. There he became part of the small group of educated nationalists that had the nickname of the bully beef club. This group protested already early on against the racist nature of colonial rule. Somare maintained that he was already in 1962 in favour of independence. He was in Port Moresby one of the founding members in 1967 of the Papua and Niugini Union party (Pangu). He stood for election when opportunities opened up for native Papua New Guineans to enter the National Assembly in 1968 and he was one of the eight Pangu candidates who were successful. He embarked in politics practising a judicious mixture of opposition to and co-optation by the Australian government. Pangu opted in 1968 for the opposition rather than having seats in government. From that position they consistently attacked the racist nature of colonial rule as they had also done outside parliament. Somare was leader of the opposition but he was also a member of the Constitutional Planning Committee preparing for independence. He was despite his radical position also a moderate. He argued for example for a period of internal self government. That was granted in 1973. Foreign affairs and defence remained an Australian responsibility until full independence was granted two years later. Somare was particularly adept at steering a clear way among various conflicting forces. There were for example those who advocated that Papua New Guinea should become the seventh state in the Australian Federation. More important were the centrifugal forces in the country. There was a rival political party with mass following in the highlands, the Compass party. A separatist movement was pleading for separate independence for Papua apart from New Guinea. In Bougainville, there were forces claiming independence. There were conflicts among the Tolai in East New Britain. The People's Progress Party under the leadership of Julius Chan rather than Pangu was important on the islands. Somare succeeded in bringing all these centrifugal forces together at independence. Somare's advocacy of independence was radical as compared to the other parties who were much more in favour of the status quo. It was particularly important to sway the opinion of Julius Chan who was not keen on immediate independence. When that succeeded a coalition government between Pangu and the PPP became possible. Some forces on the Australian side were also not in favour of independence for PNG, but it was definitely not the case that there was a veritable independence struggle. There was some protest against colonial practices, for example, a civil service strike pleading for equal treatment of PNG personnel with Australian personnel or protest against discriminatory practices. However, there was a fair amount of co-optation on the way to independence, especially after Gough Whitlam became prime minister of Australia. Since there has been access to the Australian archives from this period it was clear that Australia wanted to get rid of PNG already early on. The Australian government was keen to let the complexities of ruling PNG go. The possibility to declare Papua New Guinea an Australian state in the federation and making all inhabitants Australians was always rejected by Australia. Michael Somare's role in the independence struggle reflects therefore the values he advocated throughout his career, as a builder of consensus and a politician whose main mission was avoiding or reconciling conflicts. Policymaker Michael Somare was praised highly when he left politics in 2016. The most significant praise may be from Sean Dorney, a veteran specialist on PNG politics who praised him as a politician who led a highly-fractured political community to independence. Dorney also praised the enduring parliamentary democracy in such a fractured community. It is, however, significant that praise for Somare's policies was lacking. That is understandable because Somare was not conspicuous as a policymaker. His policies must often were derived from the actual course that he took reacting to events. Three areas of policy making illustrate that: agriculture, macroeconomic policies and development planning. PNG got as a parting gift at independence an economic analysis with recommendations. That stressed the need for rural development and Somare accepted that at that time. Yet in the course of years, PNG became an economy driven by resource extraction, and the agricultural sector remained stagnant. Attention to the rural sector was driven by donors rather than by government, such as the World Bank's PNG Productive Partnerships in Agriculture or the PNG Rural Service Delivery Program. The Mining Act 1992 and the Oil and Gas Act 1998 are the most important documents regulating the rapid growth in extracting natural resources but were enacted when Somare was not in power. Nevertheless, the major LNG/PNG project was developed when he was prime minister from 2002 to 2011. There was however no major policy debate around the project. His son, Arthur Somare, was the prime driver of the project rather than prime minister Michael Somare. Michael Somare has however defended his track record with respect to LNG/PNG despite strong criticism of the deal to gain equity in the company. The Forestry Act 1991 is the main document regulating another natural resources sector. It was also enacted when Somare was not in power. The deeds of Somare governments show one predominant trait in policy making: he was a fiscal conservative. Government expenditure was under control when he was prime minister. That was particularly clear from 2002 to 2011. When Somare succeeded Morauta as prime minister in 2002, there was a fear that Somare would undo the privatisation of the preceding government and move away from the politics of austerity. However, he left the reforms of the preceding Morauta government intact, and his fiscal rectitude fitted the IMF philosophy of structural adjustment. The IMF had much praise for the Somare government 2002–2011. Income from natural resources was high and the Somare government used it to reduce the public debt rather than increase public expenditure. There was only one attempt to formulate a comprehensive development policy by a Somare government: the Vision 2050 document. However that became more an inspirational document than a concrete plan of action. The document is critical of PNG's performance since independence but it lays the blame in the first place on its citizenry rather than the government and government policies. Foreign relations Michael Somare was a well travelled man when he became prime minister in 1975. He had for example visited East Africa, Sri Lanka. the United States. In accordance with his Sepik inspired philosophy of consensus he declared "friends with everybody and enemies of none" as the principle of his foreign relations. Nevertheless, there were some countries to which he felt more friendly than others and the first one among those was Japan. He wrote warmly about the Japanese occupation during World War II of his home area East Sepik. For example: Contrary to the general opinion, he praised their treatment of local women. He travelled regularly to Japan and was awarded high Japanese honours. It is significant that he received as governor of East Sepik in 2014 the Japanese prime minister in Wewak who laid a wreath remembering Japanese war dead. These sympathies for Japan did not deter him from opening diplomatic relations with China soon after independence. Indonesia is the second country that figured large in international relations during the Somare era, but that was not because of buoyant international ties. PNG mainly attempted to remain as passive as possible towards the violent conflict between proponents of West Papua independence and the Indonesian government. The Indonesian sovereignty over West Papua region was never questioned. There was initially a great reluctance to even question the human rights situation in the region. That changed after a big uprising in Jayapura, the capital of Irian Jaya in 1984. This brought many refugees to PNG. PNG protested about the way Indonesia dealt with the uprising in the UN General Assembly. However, repatriation of the refugees had been the major policy aim since independence and it always remained the major policy plank of the PNG government. Initially, Somare resisted even involvement of the UNHCR. Problems at the border including military incursions were meant to be solved by boundary commissions and other diplomatic means. The West Papuan independence movement was keen to be admitted as a member of the Melanesian Spearhead Group (MSG) which is resisted by Indonesia. PNG has never opposed Indonesia's view. However, in 2013, when Somare was no longer in government, he advocated representation of West Papua on the MSG during the silver jubilee celebrations of the group. However, he remained unequivocally of the opinion that it was an internal problem of Indonesia and questioning Indonesian sovereignty over West Papua was beyond the pale. West Papua should be represented as a Melanesian community and not as an independent sovereign state. He suggested a presence of the West Papuans at the MSG on similar terms as China tolerated Hong Kong and Taiwan at APEC. Australia is the third focal point of international relations in the Somare era. The nature of these relations were to a large degree dependent upon the Australian politicians involved. Somare and Kevin Rudd had for example warm relations. Somare was however often keen to demonstrate his nationalism in relations with Australia. That sentiment appeared in incidents: First: At the time of Papua New Guinea independence in 1975 Somare demanded proper dignity for Papua New Guinean leaders when he considered that Australia's gift of an official house for Papua New Guinea's prime minister was insufficiently grand for the great statesman he considered himself to be: Australia abashedly acceded to Somare's demands and provided a much more palatial official residence. The intended and despised prime ministerial residence was instead designated the residence of the Australian High Commissioner. Second: In March 2005 Somare was required by security officers at Brisbane Airport to remove his shoes during a routine departure security check. He took strong exception to this, leading to a diplomatic contretemps and a significant cooling of relations between Australia and Papua New Guinea. Somare was travelling on a regular scheduled flight, and he was unknown to security staff. His sandals had stiffening metal strips, which were detected by a walk-through scanner. The Australian government ignored diplomatic protests as the PNG government had not arranged a diplomatic visit, in a state or chartered aircraft. A protest march in Port Moresby saw hundreds march on the Australian High Commission and present a petition to High Commissioner Michael Potts demanding an apology and compensation. However, the Australian Government ignored the matter. A third incident where Somare asserted independence from Australia was the Moti affair. Julian Moti, was arrested in Port Moresby on 29 September 2006 under an Australian extradition request to face child sex charges over an alleged incident in Vanuatu in 1997. After breaking bail conditions and taking sanctuary in the Solomon Islands High Commission Moti was flown to the Solomon Islands on a clandestine PNG Defence Force flight. Moti was a close associate of Manasseh Sogavare, the Prime Minister of the Solomon Islands, This caused outrage on the part of the Australian government. Australia then cancelled ministerial-level talks in December and banned senior Papua New Guinea ministers from entering Australia. Somare denied any involvement in authorising the flight. However, he refused the release of a commission of enquiry from the PNG Defence Force in the matter. Somare has been regularly blunt in his opinion on the relations with Australia. After returning to power in 2002, he indicated that he would manage the relationship with Australia in a different way from the close and consultative style of his predecessor Mekere Morauta. Somare strongly opposed the Morauta government's acceptance of asylum seekers under the Pacific solution program. At the celebrations of thirty years of independence in 2005, Somare complained that Australia was seeking to take control again and was prepared to totally destroy PNG's reputation. Controversy Somare's valedictory speech in parliament may have sounded like a triumph but there was disappointment on his part. He initially refused to give such a speech in parliament as he was not awarded enough time and attention. Afterwards, the family, the political party that he had belonged to and the highly respected veteran politician Dame Carol Kidu complained about the relatively short ceremony while they had expected a military parade, singing groups, etc. Later a more elaborate ceremony was performed in Sir John Guise Stadium in Port Moresby that was – maybe due to unseasonal rain - poorly attended. This was followed by a farewell tour of the country. Somare was, however, by that time, no longer an undisputed authority. A large part of the PNG population looked with increasing scepticism at Somare and his pronouncements . The first reason that Somare has faded from political importance is that he succeeded less and less to cultivate a consensus. He gained prestige after 2002 when he presided over a government that lasted its full term of five years, the first such occurrence since independence. This stability continued from 2007 to 2011. The reason was seen in a new set of rules that were adopted under the Organic Law on Political Parties and Candidates (OLIPPAC) that had as a central aim to promote party identification and to curb short term opportunistic behaviour among MPs. A major new rule proscribing MPs from changing party affiliation during a parliamentary period. However, the prime minister retained the power to change his cabinet and as a result, this apparent stability glossed over sharp conflicts in the government. Between 2002 and 2007, there were five deputy prime ministers, several cabinet reshuffles, ministers sacked and parties divided – hardly a sign of political stability. OLIPPAC was also considered as unconstitutional by the Supreme Court. Amidst this instability, there was no attempt to groom a successor. Bart Philemon, the Finance Minister challenged Somare's leadership of the National Alliance Party in 2007, but he was then dumped by the party and crossed over to the opposition. The only person who gained significant power during this period was Somare's son Arthur, the Angoram Open MP and it became apparent that he was being groomed as the preferred successor. The second reason is Somare's refusal to have his authority challenged in parliament, even when there was no chance of dismissal of his government. Somare was threatened with many motions of no confidence. Initially, he wanted to extend the period in which no motions of confidence were allowed after an election and before an election. The courts prevented this. Thereafter he relied on the speaker and interpretations of parliamentary rules to prevent a motion of no confidence being raised. He did not take it lightly when that was challenged: The Sydney Morning Herald reported on 22 July 2010 that he had threatened to kill an Opposition MP: "There were wild scenes when the Speaker adjourned the house until 16 November, despite the opposition's claim it had enough votes to stop the adjournment. Once most MPs had left parliament and the yelling and cries of dictatorship died down, Mr Somare crossed the floor, pointed his finger at an MP, Sam Basil, and shouted in Toc pisin words that translate as: If you were outside this chamber I would kill you." By using his influence over the speaker Somare prevented all motions of no confidence and this is puzzling; it was also doubtful that such a motion would succeed on the floor of parliament. He returned to power after the elections in 2007 with large support in parliament. He was only unseated in 2011 when he was hospitalized in Singapore for an extended period because of complications after heart surgery and it became apparent that he may not be able to return. At this point his support in the National Alliance party split and the Speaker obtained support to declare the prime minister's post vacant. An adversary motion of no confidence was avoided. During the constitutional crisis (2011–2012) he never accepted a loss of his parliamentary majority. In January 2012 he attempted to take power through a military coup that failed as the army, civil service and police were backing his rival Peter O’Neill. He had only the support of 20 MPs but the courts had backed him up. He relied on the law as well to get a compensation of a million US dollars for not being reinstated as PM during the constitutional crisis. The third reason is the involvement of the Somare family in questionable practices in the logging industry. A commission of enquiry into the logging industry was set up under the chairmanship of the Judge Tos Barnett, The Barnett Commission found widespread corruption surrounding the issue of government licensing of concessions. The name of Michael Somare turned up in connection with one of these concessions in his home area, the Sepik River Development Corporation. According to the Barnett Commission, Somare lied under oath when he denied his links with this concession. The commission recommended referral to the Ombudsman Commission. Complaints about governance issues need in PNG in first instance to be referred to that institution. This recommendation had no immediate consequence for Somare, but it was not the end of the controversy. The Australian newspaper published in 2008 a series of articles in which the Somare family was connected to two more illegal concessions. In all these schemes there was a Malaysian partner. Michael Somare denied again his involvement but he had to retract this and claimed that it was his son Arthur who was involved in the first place. When carbon trading emerged, Michael Somare, supported this enthusiastically and PNG became an active member and maybe initiator of the Coalition for Rainforest Nation and the country aimed to participate in the REDD program. (Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation in Developing Countries (UN-REDD). Somare declared himself however deeply disappointed in the REDD program at the Oslo conference on climate change in 2010. The problem was not corruption and other governance problems on the part of developing countries, but the issue was that “ Today, markets value forests more destroyed than standing". Somare's great complaint is however about conditionality. His enthusiasm for REDD is said to be motivated to get away from conditionality on logging suggested by the World Bank and the idea of carbon credits evolved in a speculative frenzy. The fourth reason for the decline in prestige of Michael Somare is the lack of modesty. The Melanesian way expects big men to be modest. Somare has always asserted himself in a big way, for example by assuming the honorific Grand Chief. In 1998, his portrait appeared on the reverse side of the K. 50 bank note. This was to honour his role in attaining independence. However, this public show of prominence suits more a presidential system than a Westminster style parliamentary democracy. The problematic presentation of the self by Somare was also evident in his appearance before a Leadership tribunal following complaints about not handing in financial returns as required by the leadership code. The leadership tribunal was composed of three expatriate judges. He was found guilty of submitting late and incomplete annual financial statements, dating back to the 1990s. As a result, he was suspended from office for two weeks without pay. That was a majority judgment of two judges. Judge Sir Robin Auld dissented. He was the only Judge that called for dismissal: Michael Somare's attitude as prime minister showed "a disregard bordering on disdain for his constitutional obligations. It would be bad enough in the case of any leader, but it is particularly reprehensible for one of his high standing and influential involvement in the initiation of the leadership code". There were cheers from a large crowd of well wishers when he appeared from the court. Somare regretted his administrative oversight and seemed without rancor. His daughter Bertha –the spokeswoman for the family- asked for understanding from the foreign press: "He is not a politician like they have in Australia, or places like that," she said. "There has to be, I guess, an understanding of Papua New Guinea. Everybody watched this very public, if you like, humiliation of him for the last couple of months and I think the majority of Papua New Guineans were very relieved at the judgment made by two of the three (judges)."I guess there was a sense of relief throughout the country." The significance of the Leadership Tribunal was thus the first in the challenge to his prestige. That challenge was also evident in the suggestion in 2008 by opposition politician Bart Philemon that Sir Michael Somare gives an explanation on how he obtained a A$349,000 three-bedroom executive-style apartment with private plunge pool in inner-city Cairns. His son Arthur Somare who was then PNG's State Enterprise Minister was also questioned about a A$685,000 four-bedroom home he had bought two months prior at Trinity Beach. The fifth reason came after Somare left office. His name and that of his son Michael Somare jr, were mentioned in a case of fraud and money laundering relating to a scheme to build community colleges in PNG. The Sydney Morning Herald accused Somare of accepting a one million dollar bribe from the Chinese telecommunications firm ZTE in the pursuit of contracts. They based it on evidence from their own research by Fairfax newspapers and Singapore court records. Michael Somare maintained that he never accepted bribes or inducements. Personal life Somare married his wife Veronica, Lady Somare (generally referred to as "Lady Veronica Somare") in 1965, having courted her in traditional fashion, and then immediately left to take up his scholarship at Administrative College. They had five children, Bertha (usually called "Betha" in the national press), Sana, Arthur, Michael Jnr and Dulciana. Somare was head of both his own family and that of his wife, Veronica Lady Somare, who initiated him into their title mindamot two days after his initiation as sana. Somare died from pancreatic cancer in Port Moresby on 25 February 2021, at age 84. Honours Somare received several honorary doctorates, the first being from the University of the Philippines in 1976. Somare was appointed a member of Her Majesty's Most Honourable Privy Council in 1977 (as in Australia, the honorific "The Right Honourable" can only be granted when one is admitted to the British Privy Council), and was made a Knight Grand Cross of the Order of St Michael and St George (GCMG) by the Queen in the Birthday Honours List of 1990. In 2004 he received authorization from cabinet to create an honours system for Papua New Guinea. In 2005, the Princess Royal invested him as one of the first Grand Companions of the Order of Logohu (GCL). Awards Commonwealth honours Foreign honours References Further reading Hegarty, David, and Peter King. "Papua New Guinea in 1982: the election brings change." Asian Survey 23.2 (1983): 217–226. online May, Ronald. "Papua New Guinea's' Political Coup': The Ousting of Sir Michael Somare." (2011). online Somare, Michael, and An Sana. An Autobiography of Michael Somare (Port Moresby, 1975). Zhuang, Yan, "Michael Somare, Papua New Guinea’s ‘Father of the Nation,’ Dies at 84: Mr. Somare, who played a major role in leading the country to independence from Australia, was its longest-serving prime minister." [https://www.nytimes.com/2021/02/26/world/asia/michael-somare-dead.html 'New York Times February 26, 2021] obituary. External links "Somare – A political survivor", Rowan Callick, Islands Business'', May 2008 Prime Minister Michael Somare addresses the General Assembly of the United Nations, 27 September 2010 (video; transcript) |- |- |- |- |- 1936 births 2021 deaths 2011–2012 Papua New Guinean constitutional crisis Chief Ministers of Papua and New Guinea Companions of the Order of Fiji Deaths from cancer in Papua New Guinea Deaths from pancreatic cancer Grand Companions of the Order of Logohu Knights Grand Cross of the Order of St Michael and St George Knights of St. Gregory the Great Knights of the Order of St John Members of the House of Assembly of Papua and New Guinea Members of the National Parliament of Papua New Guinea Members of the Order of the Companions of Honour Members of the Privy Council of the United Kingdom Ministers of Internal Finance of Papua New Guinea National Alliance Party (Papua New Guinea) politicians Pangu Party politicians Papua New Guinean Roman Catholics People from East Sepik Province Prime Ministers of Papua New Guinea 20th-century Papua New Guinean politicians 21st-century Papua New Guinean politicians Foreign Ministers of Papua New Guinea

8474539

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bosniaks%20of%20Serbia%20and%20Montenegro

Bosniaks of Serbia and Montenegro

Bosniaks of Serbia and Montenegro may refer to: Bosniaks of Serbia Bosniaks of Montenegro

8474556

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dr.%20Sampurnanand%20Medical%20College

Dr. Sampurnanand Medical College

Dr. Sampurnanand Medical College (SNMC) is a government medical college situated in the city Jodhpur of Indian state Rajasthan which was established in 1965. It celebrated the completion of its Golden Jubilee in 2015. History It was established in 1965. In 1974–75 postgraduate course were also started. Presently post graduation is available in 19 different fields. It serves the population of western Rajasthan. Every year about 250 students enter MBBS course via NEET UG. Entrance to post graduate courses are via Rajasthan PrePG and All India Pre PG Exam. It serves as leading trauma center and tertiary care center in the western Rajasthan. The following hospitals are attached to it : Mahatma Gandhi hospital (MGH): General hospital Ummed Mahila and Shishu chikitsalaya: Children's & Women's Hospital K. N. Chest Hospital: Specialized TB & Chest hospital Mathura Das Mathur hospital (MDM) (also called as New Teaching hospital): General Hospital Notable Alumni 1) Dr. Digamber Singh - Prominent Indian Politician and the former Minister of Health, Ayurveda, Family Welfare & Industries in the Government of Rajasthan. Also a four-time legislator. References Medical colleges in Jodhpur Medical colleges in Rajasthan Educational institutions established in 1965 1965 establishments in Rajasthan Affiliates of Rajasthan University of Health Sciences

8474588

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flavia%20Cacace

Flavia Cacace

Flavia Cacace-Mistry (born 1980) is an Italian British professional dancer. Her professional dance partner is Vincent Simone (they are branded when performing together as 'Vincent and Flavia'), and between 2006-2012 both partners appeared on the BBC's Strictly Come Dancing. Early life Cacace was born in Naples, the youngest of six children, and came to the United Kingdom with her family at the age of four when her father (a chef) moved to another job. She attended St Peter's Catholic School in Guildford, and left in 1995. Career Dancing career Cacace's mother insisted that each of the children have an activity, so she and her eldest sister joined the local ballroom dancing class – when Cacace was 6. After partnerships with two dance partners, Cacace and Simone (who had the same dance teacher in London) were both looking for partners. They decided to try out together in 1994, and they have been dancing together ever since. Strictly Come Dancing Highest and lowest scoring performances per dance In 2005, Cacace appeared as a guest choreographer with Simone to choreograph an unscored group Argentine Tango to introduce the dance style to audiences. The dance was then introduced into the competitive roster so therefore a scored individual dance a year later. In 2006, Cacace appeared in the fourth series of the BBC's Strictly Come Dancing. Her celebrity dancing partner was comedian Jimmy Tarbuck. However, the couple withdrew after only one show, due to medical reasons. Cacace was back dancing in the fifth series of the show, partnered with EastEnders star Matt Di Angelo. They got the only perfect score of the main series for their waltz in the final. They reached the final of the show, but were beaten by Alesha Dixon and her professional partner Matthew Cutler. She also took part in the 2007 Christmas special dancing the rumba with partner Matt, and achieved a score of 39. Cacace and Di Angelo also competed together in the live tour of Strictly Come Dancing in January and February 2008. They won more shows than any other couple, coming first overall sixteen times and second a further ten times (out of a total of forty shows). Cacace took part in the sixth series of Strictly Come Dancing, partnered by actor Phil Daniels who was eliminated in the first week after a dance-off against Don Warrington despite Gary Rhodes being bottom after the judge's scores. In late 2008, she took part in a Strictly Come Dancing special for Children in Need 2008 where she partnered presenter Terry Wogan against Tess Daly, partnered by Anton du Beke, who ended up as the winners. Cacace also took part in the 2009 SCD Live tour partnering former Strictly Come Dancing semi-finalist Gethin Jones. They went on to win 6 shows out of 45 in total, coming second to her professional partner Vincent Simone and Rachel Stevens. Cacace returned to Strictly Come Dancing for the seventh series in 2009, partnering Coronation Street and Queer as Folk actor Craig Kelly. The couple were in the bottom two in the second week against Lilia Kopylova and Richard Dunwoody, and were forced to perform their tango again. They won votes from three of the four judges and consequently made it through to the third week of the competition. They were also in the bottom two in week 4, against Darren Bennett and Lynda Bellingham. They went through to the next week on the casting vote of head judge Len Goodman. In week 5, the couple received their lowest score of the competition so far and were second from the bottom on the leaderboard. However, they were saved from the dance-off by the public. The couple were eliminated in Week 8 of the competition, when the show went to Blackpool, after performing a cha-cha-cha. Cacace then went on to dance once more with her tour partner of the previous year Gethin Jones in the 2009 Christmas special. They danced an American smooth to "Baby It's Cold Outside" and achieved a score of 38. Cacace then created choreography for Gethin's Cinderella panto which ran at the Yvonne Arnaud Theatre in her home town of Guildford and had a small guest appearance in the final show. Cacace featured in the eighth series of the show, where her celebrity partner was actor Jimi Mistry. In the first week, their dance was given a score of 26 and they went on to make it to week 6 when they were eliminated despite finishing fourth on the leaderboard, a result that was widely seen as surprising. In the ninth series, Cacace's partner was astrologer Russell Grant and they were the seventh couple to be eliminated. Gymnast Louis Smith was Cacace's partner in the tenth season of the programme. They won the series on 22 December 2012. On 1 June 2013, Cacace announced that she and Simone would not be competing in Strictly Come Dancing 2013 so they could work on other shows. Other appearances In January 2012, Cacace appeared on the BBC TV series The Magicians. Cacace and Simone also have an App called 'Dance with Vincent and Flavia'. Dance with Vincent and Flavia is a free dance tutorial App from which the user can learn the fundamental dance steps and advance into a competent dancer with Vincent and Flavia's help. The App is published by International Celebrity Networks. Titles Career titles Cacace has earned from competitions, with her professional partner Simone: UK Professional Ten Dance Champions 2002–2006 UK Professional Showdance Champions 2003–2006 UK Argentine Tango Champions, 2006 UK Ballroom Champions World and European Ten Dance and Showdance finalists 2002–2006 Personal life Cacace currently resides in Devon, with her former Strictly Come Dancing'' partner, Jimi Mistry. She announced on Twitter on 5 January 2013 that they were engaged, and their marriage took place in London on 28 December 2013. References External links Official website Interview with Flavia Cacace Interview on Aliveradio 107.30 16th Dec 2010 Interview in Guildford Magazine Dec 2010 Flavia talks about her diet on Celebrity Diet Doctor sept 22 2010 Surrey Life Magazine Flavia's perfect weekend April 2010 1980 births Living people Dancers from Naples People from Surrey Strictly Come Dancing winners Italian emigrants to the United Kingdom Italian female dancers People educated at St Peter's Catholic School, Guildford

8474589

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lakota%20East%20High%20School

Lakota East High School

Lakota East High School is a four-year, public high school in Liberty Township, a suburb of Cincinnati, Ohio, United States. It is a member of the Lakota Local School District, which comprises both West Chester Township and Liberty Township. The district was originally unified under one high school, Lakota High School, until 1997 when the district expanded and formed two new high schools – Lakota East and Lakota West. The high school enrolls over 2,500 students in grades 9–12, repurposing the former high school as a freshman building named Lakota West Freshman School. History Along with Lakota West High School, Lakota East was part of a unified Lakota High School. The two physically identical schools were built in 1997 when severe over-crowding forced the district to expand. In 2009, the old Lakota Freshman School was split, and a brand new building was made for Lakota East freshman. The old Lakota Freshman School is now current the Lakota West Freshman School. Several additions and renovations were made to Lakota East High School by Turner Construction during the 2007-2008 school year. Athletics Lakota East's mascot is the Thunderhawk. The school colors are black, white and silver. The school is classified as a Division I school in all sports under OHSAA standards and is a member of the Greater Miami Conference. Notable alumni Lakota East is believed to have awarded the first honorary high school diplomas in Ohio, to a group of 20 World War II veterans in May 2001. References External links School web site Lakota East web-site Lakota Robotics - FRC Team 1038 High schools in Butler County, Ohio Public high schools in Ohio 1997 establishments in Ohio Educational institutions established in 1997

8474591

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Highway%20Song

Highway Song

Highway Song may refer to: "Highway Song (James Taylor song)" from James Taylor's 1971 album Mudslide Slim and the Blue Horizon "Highway Song", a song by the hard rock band Blackfoot, from their album, Strikes "Highway Song", a song by Krokus from To You All "Highway Song", a song by System of a Down from Steal This Album! "Highway Song", a song by Hot Tuna from Burgers (album)

8474608

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tetranitromethane

Tetranitromethane

Tetranitromethane or TNM is an organic oxidizer with chemical formula . Its chemical structure consists of four nitro groups attached to one carbon atom. In 1857 it was first synthesised by the reaction of sodium cyanoacetamide with nitric acid. Uses It has been investigated for use as an oxidizer in bipropellant rockets; however, its high melting point makes it unsuitable. Highly purified tetranitromethane cannot be made to explode, but its sensitivity is increased dramatically by oxidizable contaminants, such as anti-freezing additives. This makes it effectively unusable as a propellant. In the laboratory it is used as a reagent for the detection of double bonds in organic compounds and as a nitrating reagent. It has also found use as an additive to diesel fuel to increase the cetane number. Preparation TNM is a pale yellow liquid that can be prepared in the laboratory by the nitration of acetic anhydride with anhydrous nitric acid (Chattaway's method). This method was attempted on an industrial scale in the 1950s by Nitroform Products Company in Newark, USA, but the entire plant was destroyed by an explosion in 1953. The first industrial scale production was started in Germany during World War II in an effort to improve the cetane number of diesel fuel. This process improved the original method, which started with acetic acid and nitric acid. Without regard to yield or cost, approximately 10 tons of TNM were produced in a few weeks. However, this production process has not been used again industrially after the end of the war, because of high associated costs. For commercial use a cheaper method starting from acetylene has been used. First, nitric acid containing mercuric nitrate is reduced by acetylene, resulting in trinitromethane (nitroform) and a mixture of carbon dioxide and nitrogen oxide as waste gas. The nitrogen oxides are valuable and normally recovered as nitric acid in an absorption tower. The resulting nitroform is converted to TNM by adding nitric and sulfuric acid at higher temperatures. With this method a yield of 90% (based on nitric acid) before purification can be reached. Structure TNM is a prime example of molecular flexibility. It brought structural methods to the limits of their applicability as is shown by the fact that the structure of TNM was attempted to be determined for a period of more than 70 years in various phases. Early investigations by gas electron diffractions were unable to describe the observed diffraction pattern in full and only the application of a four-dimensional model concerning the correlated movement of the four groups about the C–N bonds was able to describe the experimental observations fully. The problem occurs, because the two-fold local symmetry of the units versus the three-fold symmetry of the unit, as well as the close proximity of the groups hindering their free rotation, is the source for a very complicated mutually hindered movement of the groups. The crystal structure has also been attempted several times. A first decent solution of the problem required a model describing a highly disordered high‐temperature crystalline phase of a high-temperature phase (>174.4 K) as is shown in Figure 1. Reduction of symmetry and analysis of the twinning of the crystals led finally to a resolved disorder of the structure shown in Figure 2. The structure of an ordered low‐temperature phase contains three independent molecules in the asymmetric unit. Structural parameters of the gaseous and solid phases are listed in the following table for comparison. Safety The ability of TNM to detonate is greatly affected by the presence of impurities, even in small quantities. TNM forms extremely powerful explosive mixtures when fuels are added in stoichiometric proportions. Many of these mixtures show sensitivity to impact even higher than that of nitroglycerine. Tetranitromethane can be used as a component of highly explosive liquid explosives as an oxidizing agent. It forms highly explosive mixtures with all flammable substances. When experimenting with this substance, paper filters should not be used for filtration. Even small impurities make tetranitromethane an explosive that explodes on impact or friction. A tragic lecture experiment at the University of Münster in 1920 is well known, where a small steel tube containing tetranitromethane, toluene and absorbent cotton detonated shortly before burning out in such a way that more than 30 students were injured, some seriously; however, on the basis of the rector's office records, as many as 10 deaths and more than a dozen injuries are documented. Thereupon the German Chemical-technical Reichsanstalt determined a detonation speed of 9300 meters per second. Alfred Stettbacher then proved comparatively that this mixture was far more explosive than hexogen, pentrite, blasting gelatine or panclastite and thus represented the most destructive explosive of all. TNM reacts with moisture at elevated pH to produce trinitromethane (nitroform) which reacts easily with metals to form highly unstable and explosive salts. Tetranitromethane is highly toxic. Absorption of as little as 2.5 mg/kg can cause methemoglobinemia, pulmonary edema, and damage to liver, kidney, and central nervous system. It is reasonably expected to be a human carcinogen. See also Hexanitroethane Trinitramide References External links WebBook page for CN4O8 CDC - NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards Nitroalkanes Liquid explosives Explosive chemicals Rocket oxidizers Fuel additives IARC Group 2B carcinogens Inorganic carbon compounds Pulmonary agents

8474614

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sammy%20White%20%28actor%29

Sammy White (actor)

Sammy White (né Samuel Kwait; 28 May 1894 Providence, Rhode Island – 3 March 1960 Beverly Hills, California) was an American vaudeville song-and-dance comedian who appeared in a few films. He appeared with Lew Clayton, as Clayton and White, in the Broadway show Schubert Gaieties of 1919. Career With his first wife, Eva Puck, White appeared in vaudeville as Puck and White. They starred in the original Broadway stage version of the classic musical Show Boat (1927). In Show Boat, he played the role of comic dancer Frank Schultz, and Puck played the role of Ellie May Chipley, who eventually marries Frank. In 1932, they reprised their roles in the first Broadway revival of the show. However, by the time the Universal Pictures film version was made in 1936, White and Puck had divorced, so the role of Ellie went to Queenie Smith, with White repeating his performance as Frank in the film. White later married Broadway actress Beatrice Curtis (1906–1963), the daughter of vaudeville actress Anna Chandler (1884–1957). White repeated his role as Frank in Show Boat yet again in a 1948 New York City Center revival of the show. He also had a notable supporting role in the Spencer Tracy - Katharine Hepburn film Pat and Mike (1952), as the man to whom Tracy says (when talking about Hepburn), "Not much meat on her, but what there is, is cherce!" White and Puck also appeared in a short film made by Lee De Forest in his Phonofilm sound-on-film process, and premiered at the Rivoli Theater in New York City on 15 April 1923. This film records their comic routine "Opera Vs. Jazz" and is preserved in the Maurice Zouary collection at the Library of Congress. White played himself in the biopic The Helen Morgan Story (1957), the biography of Helen Morgan, the torch singer who originated the role of Julie LaVerne in the original 1927 Broadway production of Show Boat and also played the role in the 1932 revival and 1936 film. References External links Eva Puck and Sammy White at SilentEra with photo of Puck and White performing their sketch "Opera vs. Jazz" 1894 births 1960 deaths American male film actors American male musical theatre actors American male stage actors American male television actors Vaudeville performers 20th-century American male actors 20th-century American singers 20th-century American male singers

8474620

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dobrzany

Dobrzany

Dobrzany (; , or Jakobshagen) is a town in Stargard County, West Pomeranian Voivodeship, Poland. As of December 2021, the town has a population of 2,225. History A settlement existed at the site of current-day Dobrzany since the Stone Age. Excavations have uncovered work tools that dated from the 7th to the 10th century BC. The area became part of the emerging Polish state in 967. In the Middle Ages, in the 10th-12th centuries, two strongholds existed at the site. It was part of medieval Poland and the Duchy of Pomerania after it split off from Poland during the fragmentation of the realm in the mid-12th century. The town developed as a settlement in the vicinity of the stronghold in the 12th century. Dobrzany, then called Jacobshagen, was granted town rights at the latest in 1336, when it came into the possession of the Pomeranian family of Steglitz, vassals of the dukes of Szczecin. In 1359, the town passed to the lords of nearby Szadzko. During that time, the inhabitants made their living from agriculture. They also had a mill and brewery. In 1359 the town passed to the Duchy of Wolgast, in 1368 to the Duchy of Słupsk, and in 1459 back to the united Duchy of Pomerania. In 1567, Pomeranian Duke Barnim XI issued the town the right to hold two annual fairs. In 1598, a church was constructed. In 1701 the town became part of Prussia. On 17 June 1781, a large fire started in the mill and destroyed most of the town. Thanks to the support of Prussian King Frederick II, it was rebuilt under the direction of renowned Pomeranian architect, David Gilly. The people destroyed the old Szadzko (then Saatzig) castle and made use of the stones in the rebuilding. On 20 August 1896, a railway station was opened in Jacobshagen thus connecting the city to the nearby village of Kozy (then Kashagen) in modern fashion. Although new companies came to Jacobshagen, only a sawmill, a brickyard, a dairy, and a cloth factory were created. A mere 1,900 inhabitants were left. At the turn of the 20th century, Jacobshagen had a Protestant church, a synagogue, a district court, and a forestry office. During Nazi rule, a Reich Labour Service unit was located in the town. In World War II, the town was sixty percent destroyed when it was occupied by the Soviet Red Army on 2 March 1945. After Nazi Germany's defeat in the war, Dobrzany became again part of Poland. The town's population was expelled. The first new post-war settlers where Poles returning from forced labour in Germany. Notable people David Hollatz (1648-1713 in Jakobshagen) a Lutheran dogmatician, became pastor in Jakobshagen in 1692. References External links Official site of Gmina Dobrzany Jewish Community in Dobrzany on Virtual Shtetl Cities and towns in West Pomeranian Voivodeship Stargard County

8474622

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Measuring%20rod

Measuring rod

A measuring rod is a tool used to physically measure lengths and survey areas of various sizes. Most measuring rods are round or square sectioned; however, they can also be flat boards. Some have markings at regular intervals. It is likely that the measuring rod was used before the line, chain or steel tapes used in modern measurement. History Ancient Sumer The oldest preserved measuring rod is a copper-alloy bar which was found by the German Assyriologist Eckhard Unger while excavating at Nippur (pictured below). The bar dates from c. 2650 BC. and Unger claimed it was used as a measurement standard. This irregularly formed and irregularly marked graduated rule supposedly defined the Sumerian cubit as about , although this does not agree with other evidence from the statues of Gudea from the same region, five centuries later. Ancient India Rulers made from ivory were in use by the Indus Valley Civilization in what today is Pakistan, and in some parts of Western India prior to 1500 BCE. Excavations at Lothal dating to 2400 BCE have yielded one such ruler calibrated to about Ian Whitelaw (2007) holds that 'The Mohenjo-Daro ruler is divided into units corresponding to and these are marked out in decimal subdivisions with remarkable accuracy—to within . Ancient bricks found throughout the region have dimensions that correspond to these units.' The sum total of ten graduations from Lothal is approximate to the angula in the Arthashastra. Ancient East Asia Measuring rods for different purposes and sizes (construction, tailoring and land survey) have been found from China and elsewhere dating to the early 2nd millennium B.C.E. Ancient Egypt Cubit-rods of wood or stone were used in Ancient Egypt. Fourteen of these were described and compared by Lepsius in 1865. Flinders Petrie reported on a rod that shows a length of 520.5 mm, a few millimetres less than the Egyptian cubit. A slate measuring rod was also found, divided into fractions of a Royal Cubit and dating to the time of Akhenaten. Further cubit rods have been found in the tombs of officials. Two examples are known from the tomb of Maya—the treasurer of the 18th dynasty pharaoh Tutankhamun—in Saqqara. Another was found in the tomb of Kha (TT8) in Thebes. These cubits are ca long and are divided into seven palms, each palm is divided into four fingers and the fingers are further subdivided. Another wooden cubit rod was found in Theban tomb TT40 (Huy) bearing the throne name of Tutankhamun (Nebkheperure). Egyptian measuring rods also had marks for the Remen measurement of approximately , used in construction of the Pyramids. Ancient Europe An oak rod from the Iron Age fortified settlement at Borre Fen in Denmark measured , with marks dividing it up into eight parts of , corresponding quite closely to half a Doric Pous (a Greek foot). A hazel measuring rod recovered from a Bronze Age burial mound in Borum Eshøj, East Jutland by P. V. Glob in 1875 measured corresponding remarkably well to the traditional Danish foot. The megalithic structures of Great Britain has been hypothesized to have been built by a "Megalithic Yard", though some authorities believe these structures have been measured out by pacing. Several tentative Bronze Age bone fragments have been suggested as being parts of a measuring rod for this hypothetical measurement. Roman Empire Large public works and imperial expansion, particularly the large network of Roman roads and the many milecastles, made the measuring rod an indispensable part of both the military and civilian aspects of Roman life. Republican Rome used several measures, including the various Greek feet measurements and the Oscan foot of 23.7 cm. Standardisation was introduced by Agrippa in 29 BC, replacing all previous measurements by a Roman foot of 29.6 cm, which became the foot of Imperial Rome. The Roman measuring rod was 10 Roman feet long, and hence called a decempeda, Latin for 'ten feet'. It was usually of square section capped at both ends by a metal shoe, and painted in alternating colours. Together with the groma and dioptra the decempeda formed the basic kit for the Roman surveyors. The measuring rod is frequently found depicted in Roman art showing the surveyors at work. A shorter folding yardstick one Roman foot long is known from excavations of a Roman fort in Niederburg, Germany. Middle Ages In the Middle Ages, bars were used as standards of length when surveying land. These bars often used a unit of measure called a rod, of length equal to 5.5 yards, 5.0292 metres, 16.5 feet, or of a statute mile. A rod is the same length as a perch or a pole. In Old English, the term lug is also used. The length is equal to the standardized length of the ox goad used for teams of eight oxen by medieval English ploughmen. The lengths of the perch (one rod unit) and chain (four rods) were standardized in 1607 by Edmund Gunter. The rod unit was still in use as a common unit of measurement in the mid-19th century, when Henry David Thoreau used it frequently when describing distances in his work Walden. In culture Iconography Two statues of Gudea of Lagash in the Louvre depict him sitting with a tablet on his lap, upon which are placed surveyors tools including a measuring rod. Seal 154 recovered from Alalakh, now in the Biblioteque Nationale show a seated figure with a wedge shaped measuring rod. The Tablet of Shamash recovered from the ancient Babylonian city of Sippar and dated to the 9th century BC shows Shamash, the Sun God awarding the measuring rod and coiled rope to newly trained surveyors. A similar scene with measuring rod and coiled rope is shown on the top part of the diorite stele above the Code of Hammurabi in the Louvre, Paris, dating to ca. 1700 BC. The "measuring rod" or tally stick is common in the iconography of Greek Goddess Nemesis. The Graeco-Egyptian God Serapis is also depicted in images and on coins with a measuring rod in hand and a vessel on his head. The most elaborate depiction is found on the Ur-Nammu-stela, where the winding of the cords has been detailed by the sculptor. This has also been described as a "staff and a chaplet of beads". Mythology The myth of Inanna's descent to the nether world describes how the goddess dresses and prepares herself: Lachesis in Greek mythology was one of the three Moirai (or Fates) and "allotter" (or drawer of lots). She measured the thread of life allotted to each person with her measuring rod. Her Roman equivalent was Decima (the 'Tenth'). Varuna in the Rigveda, is described as using the Sun as a measuring rod to lay out space in a creation myth. W. R. Lethaby has commented on how the measurers were seen as solar deities and noted how Vishnu "measured the regions of the Earth". Bible Measuring rods or reeds are mentioned many times in the Bible. A measuring rod and line are seen in a vision of Yahweh in Ezekiel 40:2-3: Another example is Revelation 11:1: The measuring rod also appears in connection with foundation stone rites in Revelation 21:14-15: See also Ancient Egyptian units of measurement Ancient Greek units of measurement Ancient Mesopotamian units of measurement Distance measurement Levelling rod Rod (unit) Rod-and-ring symbol Ruler Shen ring Surveying Units of measurement References Length, distance, or range measuring devices Hand tools Ancient technology Surveying instruments

8474628

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bobby%20Collins%20%28American%20football%20coach%29

Bobby Collins (American football coach)

Thurmon Lavelle "Bobby" Collins Jr. (October 25, 1933 – November 15, 2021) was an American college football coach. He served as head coach at the University of Southern Mississippi and Southern Methodist University. While at SMU, Collins saw the school's football program brought down by severe NCAA sanctions that led to the "death penalty" being applied to the program, including the cancellation of the entire 1987 season and being limited to only seven road games in 1988. However, the school opted to sit out the 1988 season as well after virtually all of the team's experienced players went elsewhere. He was born in Laurel, Mississippi. From 1975 to 1981, Collins coached at Southern Miss, and compiled a 48–30–2 record. In 1982, he was hired by SMU, signing a five-year deal with more than $100,000 annual salary. While at SMU, Collins compiled a 43–14–1 record. His only losing season as a coach came in 1976, when he went 3–8 at Southern Miss. From 1982 to 1984, he put together the best stretch in SMU's history, going 31–4–1. After the 1986 season, Collins, athletic director Bob Hitch and recruiting coordinator Henry Lee Parker were interviewed by WFAA-TV's Dale Hansen regarding allegations that players were being paid. Collins denied any knowledge of the affair. It later emerged that Collins knew that players were being paid, though he didn't know who they were. Collins resigned shortly after WFAA aired a special report breaking the scandal, and was later given $850,000 in severance pay in return for keeping quiet about the payments. Collins was not sanctioned by the NCAA for any role in the events leading up to the "death penalty", though the final report criticized him for not providing a convincing explanation for why players were still being paid after the school assured the NCAA that the payments had stopped. Nonetheless, his reputation was ruined. While he was a finalist for the open head coach's job at Mississippi State in 1990 (which eventually went to Jackie Sherrill), he never returned to the collegiate ranks in any capacity since leaving SMU. He spent his remaining years raising charity for Southern Miss. On November 15, 2021, Collins died at the age of 88. Head coaching record References 1933 births 2021 deaths American football quarterbacks Colorado State Rams football coaches George Washington Colonials football coaches Mississippi State Bulldogs football coaches Mississippi State Bulldogs football players North Carolina Tar Heels football coaches Southern Miss Golden Eagles football coaches SMU Mustangs football coaches Virginia Tech Hokies football coaches People from Laurel, Mississippi Coaches of American football from Mississippi Players of American football from Mississippi

8474655

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Imogen%20Poots

Imogen Poots

Imogen Gay Poots (born 3 June 1989) is an English actress. She played Tammy in the post-apocalyptic horror film 28 Weeks Later (2007), Linda Keith in the Jimi Hendrix biopic Jimi: All Is by My Side (2013), Debbie Raymond in the Paul Raymond biopic The Look of Love (2013), and Julia Maddon in the American action film Need for Speed (2014). Also in 2014, she portrayed Jesse Crichton in A Long Way Down, alongside Pierce Brosnan and Aaron Paul and Izzie in Peter Bogdanovich's She's Funny That Way. In 2016, she starred as Kelly Ann in the Showtime series Roadies. In 2020, she played Laura in the Academy Award winning The Father (2020), which starred Anthony Hopkins and Olivia Colman. In 2022, she began playing the role of the mysterious Autumn in the Prime Video science fiction neo-Western series Outer Range. Early life Poots was born at the Queen Charlotte's and Chelsea Hospital in Hammersmith, London, the daughter of Trevor Poots, a current affairs television producer from Belfast, and Fiona Goodall, a journalist and voluntary worker from Bolton. She has an older brother, Alex, who is a model. Raised in Chiswick, West London, Poots was privately educated, attending Bute House Preparatory School for Girls in Brook Green, Queen's Gate School in South Kensington, and Latymer Upper School in Hammersmith. While intending to become a veterinary surgeon, she began spending Saturdays at an improvisation workshop hosted by the Young Blood Theatre Company at the Riverside Studios in Hammersmith. She abandoned her original career aspiration after fainting at the sight of veterinary surgery during work experience. Attaining three A grades at A-level, she won a place at the Courtauld Institute of Art in 2008, but had it deferred for two years in order to pursue her acting career. Career Poots first appeared on-screen in a 2004 episode of Casualty and had a non-speaking role in 2006's V for Vendetta, but she was largely unknown when, at the age of 17, Juan Carlos Fresnadillo cast her in the horror film 28 Weeks Later, released in 2007. Since then, she has appeared in films such as Cracks in 2009, Centurion in 2010, and as the female lead in the 2011 remake of Fright Night alongside Anton Yelchin. Although Poots has never formally trained as an actress, according to Giles Hattersley, she developed her acting skills through a practical apprenticeship that may have served her well, as she is "compellingly natural" in front of the camera. In 2011, she was chosen by fashion house Chloé to appear in a campaign for its eponymous fragrance shot by Inez van Lamsweerde and Vinoodh Matadin. In 2012, she was selected to star in a Sofia Coppola-directed advertising campaign for a collaboration between fashion label Marni and high street retailer H&M. In 2012, Poots played the acrimonious young violinist Alexandra Gelbart opposite Catherine Keener and Philip Seymour Hoffman in A Late Quartet. In 2013, she appeared in Greetings from Tim Buckley, Filth, The Look of Love, and portrayed Linda Keith in the Jimi Hendrix biopic Jimi: All Is by My Side, alongside André Benjamin as Hendrix. In 2014, Poots starred in the romantic comedy That Awkward Moment and action film Need for Speed, an adaptation of the video game series, and played Jess in the black comedy A Long Way Down. In 2015, she appeared in She's Funny That Way with Jennifer Aniston and Knight of Cups with Cate Blanchett, has been cast in the adaptation of Jess Walter's novel Beautiful Ruins, and reunited with Yelchin for Green Room. In 2016, she starred as Kelly Ann in the Showtime series Roadies. In 2017, she played Honey in Who's Afraid of Virginia Woolf?, which was broadcast via National Theatre Live on 18 May 2017 from the Harold Pinter Theatre in the London West End. Also that year, Poots starred in the Amy Herzog play Belleville at the Donmar Warehouse opposite James Norton. Personal life Poots has been in a relationship with actor James Norton since 2018. They are engaged as of 2022. Filmography Film Television Stage Awards and nominations References External links 1989 births 21st-century English actresses Alumni of the Courtauld Institute of Art British people of Northern Ireland descent British people of Scottish descent English child actresses English film actresses English people of Northern Ireland descent English television actresses Living people People educated at Latymer Upper School People educated at Queen's Gate School Actors from Chiswick Actresses from Hammersmith English stage actresses English voice actresses

8474672

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/March%201997%20Loomis%20Fargo%20robbery

March 1997 Loomis Fargo robbery

Philip Noel Johnson (born 1964) is a former armored car driver employed by Loomis Fargo & Company in Jacksonville, Florida. He is notable for the theft of 18.8 million dollars, at the time the largest heist ever pulled off. Robbery On March 29, 1997, Johnson pulled off what was then the largest cash heist in U.S. history, taking $18.8 million ($29.2 million today) from the armored vehicle he was driving. Johnson overpowered two of his co-workers and left them handcuffed in different locations. He stashed most of the $18.8 million in a storage shed in Mountain Home, North Carolina, and moved to Mexico City. On August 30, 1997, a U.S. Customs Agent at a border crossing from Mexico pulled a passenger from a bus bound for Houston, Texas, suspicious of his responses to her questions. Upon further investigation the agent found the identification offered by the passenger to be a known alias for Johnson, and he was arrested when multiple passports were found in his possession. Independent of Johnson's apprehension, investigators were already following a trail of clues that led to the North Carolina storage shed on September 18, 1997. Approximately $18 million was recovered from the shed. Johnson was subsequently convicted and sentenced to 25 years in prison. Johnson was released from prison October 3, 2019. The robbery was featured in an episode of Daring Capers. See also List of large value US robberies References External links Robberies in the United States 1990s crimes in Florida 1997 in Florida March 1997 crimes in the United States 1990s in Jacksonville, Florida

8474676

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al%20Horning

Al Horning

Edward Allan Horning (June 11, 1939 – March 20, 2023) was a Canadian politician. His career included real estate, shipping, business and orchards. Horning attended secondary school at Rutland, British Columbia then studied at the University of British Columbia. In 1980, he became an alderman for the Kelowna City Council, where he remained until 1988. Horning was elected to the House of Commons of Canada in the 1988 federal election at the Okanagan Centre electoral district for the Progressive Conservative party. He served in the 34th Canadian Parliament but lost to Werner Schmidt of the Reform Party in the 1993 federal election. He made another unsuccessful bid to return to federal Parliament in the 1997 federal election at the Kelowna riding. In 2002, he returned to Kelowna City Council as a councillor. In the 2005 provincial election in British Columbia, Horning was elected to the Legislative Assembly of British Columbia, representing Kelowna-Lake Country as a member of the BC Liberals. He did not run for re-election in the 2009 election. Horning died in Kelowna on March 20, 2023, at the age of 83. References External links 1939 births 2023 deaths 21st-century Canadian politicians BC United MLAs Kelowna city councillors Members of the House of Commons of Canada from British Columbia Politicians from Regina, Saskatchewan Progressive Conservative Party of Canada MPs University of British Columbia alumni

8474678

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khushal%20Singh%20Singhpuria

Khushal Singh Singhpuria

Khushal Singh Virk was the second chief of Singhpuria Misl from 1753 to 1795, extending its territory on both sides of the Sutlej River. His 'acquired' lands included Jalandhar, Nurpur, Bahrampur, Patti and Bharatgarh. Jalandhar doab and adjoining areas yielded an annual income of three lakh rupees. Early life He succeeded Nawab Kapur Singh as the chief of the Singhpuria Misl. Military campaigns In 1759, After the death of Adina Beg, He along with Jassa Singh Ahluwalia attacked his Diwan Bhishmbar and captured Jalandhar, Mahangarwal, Lambra. He made Jalandhar his headquarters and started living there. Khushal Singh added more precincts to the territory which he had inherited from his predecessor. He captured Haibatpur and Patti from the Pathan chiefs of the Kasur In 1764, at the Sikh conquest of Sirhind, He acquired Bharatgarh, Bhareli, Chune Machhli, Ghanauli, Jhunga, Kandhaulah, and Manauli, worth one lakh and a half. In December 1766, Khushal Singh, accompanied by Tara Singh Abbu, with 6000 horsemen, was stationed at Taragarh about 30km from the Durrani camp, They constantly harassed Durrani forces. On 15 January 1767, Ahmad Shah Durrani wrote letters to the Sardars, including Khushal Singh, to the effect that if they were desirous of entering his service they should come and join him, but if they had any hostile intentions they should meet him in the field and fight him. Khushal Singh and others warily accepted Durrani's proposal of joining him and told to meet him in the field of battle. He seized Chhat and Banur accompanied by Amar Singh, the ruler of Patiala from the Nawab of Raikot, They were divided between themselves, Amar Singh received Banur and Khushal Singh received Chhat, Hari Singh of Rupar seized ten villages of Khushal Singh, three Parganahs of Nalagarh and two Parganahs of Bilaspur State, These Rajas invited Khushal Singh to join them in recovering their territories, A battle was fought at Golewala and all the three recovered their lost territories, Khushal Singh constructed katra at Amritsar, which was named after his Misal. Death and succession Khushal Singh died in 1795. He was succeeded by his son S. Budh Singh. References Indian Sikhs Sikh warriors History of Punjab Punjabi people Jat rulers 1795 deaths Year of birth unknown Misls

8474717

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aubrey%20%28The%20X-Files%29

Aubrey (The X-Files)

"Aubrey" is the twelfth episode of the second season of the American science fiction television series The X-Files, and the thirty-sixth episode overall. It premiered on the Fox network in the United States on . It was written by Sara B. Charno and directed by Rob Bowman. The episode is a "Monster-of-the-Week" story, unconnected to the series' wider mythology. "Aubrey" received a Nielsen rating of 10.2 and was watched by 9.7 million households. The episode received mixed to positive reviews from television critics. The show centers on FBI special agents Fox Mulder (David Duchovny) and Dana Scully (Gillian Anderson) who work on cases linked to the paranormal, called X-Files. Mulder is a believer in the paranormal, while the skeptical Scully has been assigned to debunk his work. In the episode, Mulder and Scully believe that a serial killer from the 1940s passed his genetic trait of violence to his grandchild after a detective, BJ Morrow (Deborah Strang) mysteriously uncovers the remains of an FBI agent who disappeared almost fifty years before while investigating a modern-day murder case similar to the older cold case. Although "Aubrey" was written by Charno, Glen Morgan and James Wong, who had written for The X-Files before, provided additional contributions to the story. The story for the episode developed around the concept of 50-year-old murders and the transfer of genetic memory. This was later combined with a separate concept about a female serial killer. Terry O'Quinn, who guest stars in the episode, would later play roles in the 1998 feature film, the ninth season episode "Trust No 1", become a recurring character as Peter Watts on Millennium, and appear on the short-lived series Harsh Realm. Strang's work on the episode was submitted for Emmy consideration. Plot In the town of Aubrey, Holt County, Missouri, local detective Betty June "B.J." Morrow tells Lt. Brian Tillman (Terry O'Quinn) that she has gotten pregnant from their affair. He requests her to meet him at a motel later that night. While waiting for him, B.J. has a vision that leads her to a field where she digs up the skeletal remains of an FBI agent. Agents Fox Mulder (David Duchovny) and Dana Scully (Gillian Anderson) head to Aubrey, where the remains are identified as belonging to Agent Sam Chaney, who disappeared in the area with his partner, Tim Ledbetter, in 1942. The agents find discrepancies in B.J.'s story, but Tillman comes to her defense. Mulder tells Scully of the case Chaney and Ledbetter were investigating, which involved the rapes and murders of three women with the word "Sister" slashed on their chest. Discovering similar cuts on Chaney's chest during the autopsy, B.J. instinctively realizes that the cuts spell the word "Brother." B.J. admits her affair and pregnancy to Scully. Tillman reveals that a new murder has occurred where a woman had the word "Sister" slashed on her chest. B.J. claims to have seen the victim in her dreams, which involve a man with a rash on his face and a monument, which after a quick sketch by B.J., Mulder recognizes as the Trylon and Perisphere from the 1939 New York World's Fair. Searching old mugshot photos, B.J. recognizes the man from her dream as Harry Cokely, who was arrested in 1945 for raping a woman named Linda Thibedeaux and slashing "Sister" on her chest. Scully believes that B.J. unconsciously recalled the case since her father was a cop and may have discussed it. The agents visit the now-elderly Cokely, who lives alone after being released from prison in 1993. Cokely insists he was at home when the latest murder occurred. B.J. awakens from a nightmare covered in blood, finding the word "Sister" slashed into her chest, and sees a young Cokely reflected in the mirror behind her. She heads to a stranger's basement and tears away the floorboards, revealing a skeleton that is found to be the remains of Agent Ledbetter. Cokely is arrested, but denies attacking B.J., insisting he's too old to even leave his residence without his large oxygen flask. Scully tells Mulder that blood on the latest victim matches Cokely's. The agents visit Thibedeaux, who describes her encounter with Cokely in the 1940s. Mulder notices a photo of her at the 1939 World's Fair. When pressed, Thibedeaux reveals that the rape resulted in a child, which she put up for adoption. The FBI tracks down the child, who turns out to have been B.J.'s father, causing Mulder to surmise that B.J. is the killer and may be operating on genetic memories which tend to skip a generation. As the agents are on their way to intercept her, B.J. attacks Thibedeaux, but stops when she sees the "Sister" scars on her chest. The agents find Thibedeaux after B.J. has left, and head to Cokely's house, believing him to be her next target. B.J., who has already arrived, cuts Cokely's respirator tubes and attacks him with a razor. As Mulder is looking for them in the house, he is attacked by B.J. She threatens to cut his throat with the razor, at which Scully and Tillman compel her to stop. B.J. finally surrenders after Cokely dies. She is then placed in a female psychiatric ward, where she is put on suicide watch after attempting to self-abort. Production "Aubrey" was written by Sara B. Charno, making it her first writing contribution to the series. The episode was directed by Rob Bowman. Charno's initial script revolved around "the concept of 50 year old murders and the transfer of genetic memory" before she expanded the premise, incorporating elements of another story idea revolving around a female serial killer. Glen Morgan and James Wong, who had written for The X-Files before, helped Charno refine the story, and the script was revised shortly before shooting, which resulted in newer scenes being added during production, such as the scene in which BJ attacks Mulder. During the casting process, Morgan and Wong suggested that the show use Morgan Woodward, who had previously worked with them on the Fox series 21 Jump Street. Actor Terry O'Quinn, who appears in this episode as Lt. Brian Tillman, later appeared as two different characters in the 1998 feature film and the ninth-season episode "Trust No 1", respectively. He later had a recurring role as Peter Watts on Millennium, the sister series to The X-Files, and appeared in the short-lived series Harsh Realm. O'Quinn later earned the nickname "Mr. Ten Thirteen", due to his many appearance in shows and movies affiliated with Ten Thirteen Productions, the company that produced The X-Files. Series creator Chris Carter was happy with the finished episode, later noting, "I think it came out great" and that "Rob Bowman came through for us and gave us an excellent job." Bowman himself later declared that he was proud of the scene in which BJ wakes up with blood on herself. Carter was also pleased with the episode's casting; he called Morgan Woodward "excellent" and said that Deborah Strang's performance was "top notch". Strang's performance was later submitted for an Emmy nomination, although she didn't make the final list. Reception "Aubrey" premiered on the Fox network in the United States on . This episode earned a Nielsen rating of 10.2, with a 16 share, meaning that roughly 10.2 percent of all television-equipped households, and 16 percent of households watching television, were tuned in to the episode. It was viewed by 9.7 million households. The episode received mixed to positive reviews from television critics. Entertainment Weekly gave the episode a B, describing it as "a well-paced murder mystery with an inventive wrap-up". Robert Shearman and Lars Pearson, in their book Wanting to Believe: A Critical Guide to The X-Files, Millennium & The Lone Gunmen, rated the episode three-and-a-half stars out of five. The two positively critiqued the episode's "character study" of BJ Morrow, noting that it "makes this episode stand out". Shearman and Pearson also complimented Strang's performance, writing that she "seizes the part and gives it dignity." However, the two were critical of the genetic defect, arguing that, because Strang's character is fleshed out, the reveal turns her into "a puppet of the paranormal". Critical Myth reviewer John Keegan gave the episode a 7 out 10 rating and wrote that, "Overall, this episode opens some interesting doors, adding the concept of genetic memory to the list of phenomena that cannot be explained in fully material terms. While the plot makes a certain amount of sense, there are a number of convenient moments that take away from the whole. But the end result is a strong episode." Other reviews were more mixed. Zack Handlen of The A.V. Club said that most of "Aubrey" was "fun", although Tillman was not "particularly interesting". He stated that things got "dicey" for him around the revelation about Thibedeaux's child and that he did not buy Mulder's genetic impulse theories. He criticised the ending, writing that it "[sacrificed] whatever mood and character development the previous thirty had spent establishing for cheesy theatrics, and the whole thing lands with a resounding thud. There are too many problems with the concept; the nature/nurture debate has been going on for decades, and this ep throws the whole thing out the window in about two minutes. No other cause for BJ's actions is ever given... That's some lazy writing right there." Meghan Deans from Tor.com gave the episode a mixed review and wrote that it was "sort of good [but] sort of a terrible idea". She cited the theme of "breaking the cycle of abuse" as a plus for the entry, noting that it was a "revenge story [of] a woman righting the wrongs of her male ancestors and breaking the cycle of violence outside the family". However, Deans was critical of various elements of the episode, most notably, the genetic theory conceit and the idea of an "activator baby" that caused Morrow's past ancestors to work through her. Footnotes Bibliography External links "Aubrey" on TheXFiles.com 1995 American television episodes Television episodes set in Missouri Television episodes set in Nebraska The X-Files (season 2) episodes

8474730

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Faculties%20and%20departments%20of%20the%20University%20of%20Alberta

Faculties and departments of the University of Alberta

The following is a list of the faculties and departments of the University of Alberta. Main Campus Agriculture Faculty of Agricultural, Life and Environmental Sciences (AFHE) Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science (AFNS) Devonian Botanic Garden Department of Human Ecology Department of Renewable Resources Department of Rural Economy Arts Faculty of Arts Department of Anthropology Department of Art and Design Arts Resource Centre CSL Community Service-Learning Department of Drama Department of East Asian Studies Department of Economics Department of English and Film Studies Department of History and Classics Office of Interdisciplinary Studies Comparative Literature Program Humanities Computing Program (HUCO) Middle Eastern and African Studies Program (MEAS) Peace and Post-Conflict Studies Program Religious Studies Program Science, Technology and Society Program (STS) Department of Linguistics Department of Modern Languages and Cultural Studies (MLCS) Department of Music Department of Philosophy Department of Political Science Department of Psychology Department of Sociology Women's Studies Program Business School of Business Department of Accounting and Management Information Systems (AMIS) Department of Finance and Management Science (FMS) Department of Marketing, Business Economics, and Law (MABEL) Department of Strategic Management and Organization (SMORG) Education Faculty of Education Department of Educational Policy Studies Department of Educational Psychology Department of Elementary Education Department of Secondary Education Division of Technology in Education (DTE) School of Library and Information Studies (SLIS) Engineering Faculty of Engineering Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering (CME) Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering School of Mining and Petroleum Engineering Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering (ECE) Department of Mechanical Engineering Engineering Co-op Program Extension Faculty of Extension Applied Sciences Programs Business Programs Adult and Continuing Education Programs Communications and Technology Programs (MACT) English Language Programs (ELP) Government Studies Programs Liberal Studies Programs Medical Acupuncture Program Graduate Studies Faculty of Graduate Studies and Research (FGSR) Professional Development Programs University Teaching Program (UTP) University of Alberta Outreach Law Faculty of Law Medicine Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry Division of Anatomy Department of Anaesthesiology and Pain Medicine Department of Biochemistry Department of Biomedical Engineering Department of Cell Biology Centre for Neuroscience Division of Critical Care Medicine Department of Dentistry Department of Family Medicine Health Ethics Centre Department of Laboratory Medicine & Pathology Department of Medical Genetics Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology Department of Medicine Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology Department of Oncology Department of Ophthalmology Department of Paediatrics Department of Pharmacology Division of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Department of Physiology Department of Psychiatry Department of Radiology and Diagnostic Imaging Department of Surgery Native Studies Faculty of Native Studies Nursing Faculty of Nursing Pharmacy Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences Recreation Faculty of Physical Education and Recreation Public Health School of Public Health Alberta Centre for Injury Control & Research Centre for Health Promotion Studies Department of Public Health Sciences Rehabilitation Faculty of Rehabilitation Medicine Department of Occupational Therapy Department of Physical Therapy Rehabilitation Research Centre Department of Speech Pathology and Audiology Centre for Studies in Clinical Education (CSCE) Institute for Stuttering Treatment and Research (ISTAR) Science Faculty of Science Department of Biological Sciences Department of Chemistry Department of Computing Science Department of Earth & Atmospheric Sciences Department of Mathematical and Statistical Sciences Department of Physics Department of Psychology Campus Saint-Jean Faculté Saint-Jean (FSJ) Augustana Campus Augustana Faculty Department of Fine Arts Department of Humanities Department of Physical Education Department of Science Department of Social Sciences Affiliated colleges St. Joseph's College St. Stephen's College External links University of Alberta Faculties and Departments University of Alberta

8474735

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amy%20Allen%20%28actress%29

Amy Allen (actress)

Amy E. Allen (born October 24, 1976) is an American actress and film crew member who portrayed the Jedi Master Aayla Secura in Star Wars films released in 2002 and 2005. She worked behind the scenes on many different movies, including A.I. Artificial Intelligence, before she acted in Star Wars. Acting career After graduating in film at the San Francisco State University, Allen was a production assistant with Industrial Light & Magic, with credits in films such as A.I. Artificial Intelligence, Jurassic Park III and Pearl Harbor. During a break from filming Gangs of New York once the film's release date was postponed, she wound up working in Star Wars: Episode II – Attack of the Clones, and was selected to portray Jedi Knight Aayla Secura, a humanoid of the Twi'lek species with distinctive head tails and blue skin. The character was a last-minute addition to the Episode II script; she had been created for a licensed Star Wars comic book by Dark Horse Comics and was added to the film after Lucas saw a cover illustration of the character. Allen had previously been cast as an extra in the DVD release of Star Wars: Episode I – The Phantom Menace as a Twi'lek as well. She reprised her role as Aayla Secura in Star Wars: Episode III – Revenge of the Sith. Her character is killed by clone troopers as part of the Jedi Purge. Personal life Allen grew up in Los Angeles county, first in the San Fernando Valley and then Agoura Hills where she attended Agoura High School, before moving to San Francisco at 18 for college. She is the granddaughter of writer Henry Wilson Allen. Allen frequently makes appearances at conventions, including C2 and C3, SDCC 2005, Celebration V (2010) and Celebration VI (2012). At Celebration II, she participated in a panel discussion of "Women Who Kick." Partial filmography Star Wars: Episode II – Attack of the Clones (2002) - Aayla Secura / Mya Nalle / Yma Nalle / Lela Mayn (uncredited) Star Wars: Episode III – Revenge of the Sith (2005) - Aayla Secura References External links 1976 births Living people Actresses from Burbank, California San Francisco State University alumni American film actresses 21st-century American actresses

8474745

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rabindranath%20Tagore%20Medical%20College

Rabindranath Tagore Medical College

Rabindranath Tagore Medical College, also known as RNT Medical College, is a government medical college situated in the city of Udaipur in the Indian state of Rajasthan. The Principal and Controller of the college is Dr Vipin Mathur. History The college was established in 1961, in a building donated by His Highness ex-Maharana of Udaipur. The administrative block is housed in another historical palace donated by Salumber Rao. The college received recognition from the Medical Council of India in 1966. The college is named after the famous Indian Nobel Laureate Rabindranath Tagore, a poet, writer, composer and painter. Academics The admission to the M.B.B.S. course is highly competitive. Students who have graduated from high school with Physics, Chemistry and Biology as core subjects can appear for the NEET-UG examination. The medical college offers 250 seats in M.B.B.S. course, 92 in post-graduate degree courses, 12 in post-graduate diploma courses, and two seats in the DM Cardiology course. 15% of total M.B.B.S. seats are filled through the All India counselling conducted by the Medical Counselling Committee (MCC) and 4% seats are reserved for the Government of India nominees from the North-Eastern states. The remaining seats are filled through state level counselling conducted by the Office of the Chairman, NEET UG Medical and Dental Admission/Counselling Board and Principal & Controller, SMS Medical College and Hospital, Jaipur. Starting in 2013, undergraduate admissions is through the National Eligibility cum Entrance Test (NEET-UG). 50% of seats in each post-graduate specialty are filled through the All India Post Graduate Medical Entrance Examination and the remaining through Rajasthan Pre-PG Examination. The institute offers post-graduate degree courses in Preventive and Social Medicine, Pathology, Ophthalmology, ENT, General Medicine, General Surgery, Obstetrics and Gynecology, Pediatrics, Anesthesiology, Orthopedics, Radiodiagnosis/Radiology, Radiotherapy, Psychiatry, Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases, and Dermatology. Post-graduate diploma courses are offered in Anesthesiology, Pediatrics, and Obstetrics and Gynecology. DM Cardiology seats are filled through the Super Specialty Entrance Examination conducted by the Rajasthan University of Health Sciences, Jaipur. The following hospitals are attached to the college: Maharana Bhupal Government Hospital Pannadhaya Janana Hospital Seth Ramvilas Bhuwalaka Yakshma Arogya Sadan, Badi Baal Chikitsalaya Unit Hindustan Zinc Ltd. Cardiology Unit RSMML Cardiothoracic Unit Trauma Unit References Medical colleges in Udaipur Medical colleges in Rajasthan Memorials to Rabindranath Tagore Colleges in Udaipur Educational institutions established in 1961 1961 establishments in Rajasthan Affiliates of Rajasthan University of Health Sciences

8474746

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thad%20Vann

Thad Vann

Thad "Pie" Vann (September 22, 1907 – September 7, 1982) was an American football and baseball coach. He served as the head football coach at the University of Southern Mississippi—known as Mississippi Southern College prior to 1962—from 1949 to 1968. During his tenure, he compiled a 139–59–2 record and helped transform Mississippi Southern into one of the nation's elite programs. His only losing season came in 1968, after 19 consecutive winning seasons. His 1953 team went 9–2, including a major upset against Alabama. His 1954 team went 6–4 and upset Alabama once again. He was also the head baseball coach at Mississippi Southern from 1948 to 1949, tallying a mark of 21–21. Van died on September 7, 1982, at Veterans Administration Hospital in Jackson, Mississippi, following long illness. He was inducted into the College Football Hall of Fame in 1987. Head coaching record Football References External links 1907 births 1982 deaths American football tackles Ole Miss Rebels football players Southern Miss Golden Eagles baseball coaches Southern Miss Golden Eagles football coaches College Football Hall of Fame inductees People from Magnolia, Mississippi

8474761

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Giovanni%20Magenta

Giovanni Magenta

Giovanni Magenta (; 1565–1635) was an Italian architect. He designed the cathedral of San Pietro at Bologna (1605). It was later modified by Alfonso Torreggiani (1765). He designed the church of San Salvatore in Bologna (1605–1623) and San Paolo (begun 1606). Leonardo's journals Leonardo da Vinci's notebooks were entrusted to his pupil and heir Francesco Melzi after Leonardo's death for publication. After Melzi's death in 1570, the collection passed to his son, the lawyer Orazio, who initially took little interest in the journals. In 1587, a Melzi household tutor named Lelio Gavardi took 13 of the manuscripts to Florence, intending to offer them to the grand duke of Tuscany. However, following Francesco I de' Medici's untimely death, Gavardi took them to Pisa to give to his relative Aldus Manutius the Younger; there, Magenta reproached Gavardi for having taken the manuscripts illicitly. Gavardi acknowledged his fault and asked Magenta, who had finished his studies and was going home to Milan, to return them to Orazio. Having many more such works in his possession, Orazio gifted the 13 volumes to Magenta. When news spread of these lost works of Leonardo's, Orazio retrieved seven of the 13 manuscripts from Magenta's brother, and gave them to Pompeo Leoni for publication in two volumes; one of these was the Codex Atlanticus. References Further reading 1565 births 1635 deaths 17th-century Italian architects Italian Baroque architects Architects from Bologna

8474767

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Delaware%20Extension

Delaware Extension

The Delaware Extension was a rail line owned and operated by the Pennsylvania Railroad in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. The line ran from Arsenal Interlocking in West Philadelphia southeast, south, east and north to the intersection of Delaware Avenue (now Columbus Boulevard) and Dock Street. It met the West Philadelphia Elevated at Arsenal, crossed the Schuylkill River on the Arsenal Bridge, intersected with the Washington Avenue Branch, Girard Point Branch, Swanson Street Branch (twice), and Washington Avenue Branch again in South Philadelphia, and became the Delaware Avenue Branch at Dock Street. The line from Arsenal to Greenwich Yard on the Delaware River is now part of CSX Transportation's Harrisburg Subdivision. From Greenwich Yard north to Dock Street, the line is owned by the Philadelphia Belt Line Railroad and used by both CSX and the Norfolk Southern Railway under Conrail trackage rights. History Construction began on the first piece of the line, from Arsenal (then on the West Chester and Philadelphia Railroad) over the Arsenal Bridge to Washington Avenue west of 25th Street (then on the Philadelphia, Wilmington and Baltimore Railroad's main line), in 1860. The PRR acquired trackage rights over the WC&P from their main line at Market Street south to Arsenal in exchange for building a second track to handle the increased traffic. The PRR also gained trackage rights over the PW&B and their leased Southwark Rail-Road to the foot of Washington Avenue at the Delaware River, and the line opened on January 27, 1862; the PW&B was allowed to use the Arsenal Bridge as part of the agreement. The PRR began using the new Junction Railroad rather than the WC&P on August 12, 1866. The first extension, south on 25th Street to Long Lane (Point Breeze Avenue) and then southwest to the Philadelphia Gas Works at Point Breeze, opened on January 27, 1863. It was extended further south along 25th Street and east along the current Schuylkill Expressway alignment to the Delaware River at Greenwich Point in March 1866, giving the PRR its own port. In July or August 1874, it was extended north along Delaware Avenue (Columbus Boulevard) to a new freight station at Dock Street, replacing the PRR's use of the City Railroad along Market Street. A new alignment for the east-west part was built later. The line passed to Penn Central Transportation in 1968, Conrail in 1976, and was assigned to CSX Transportation in 1999, becoming part of their Harrisburg Subdivision. References Pennsylvania Railroad lines Rail infrastructure in Pennsylvania 1862 establishments in Pennsylvania

8474774

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bullet%20Points%20%28comics%29

Bullet Points (comics)

Bullet Points is a comic book limited series that was published by Marvel Comics in 2006 and 2007, written by J. Michael Straczynski, illustrated by Tommy Lee Edwards and lettered by John Workman. The series was released under the Marvel Knights imprint and examines the consequences to the Marvel Universe when Steve Rogers is not injected with the Super-Soldier Serum but instead is Iron Man. Plot summary The series begins on December 8, 1940. Dr. Abraham Erskine is killed by a German spy, along with MP Benjamin Parker, before the Super-Soldier Serum was to be used for Project: Rebirth. Due to the assassination, Project: Rebirth is canceled. The US government activates Project: Iron Man and asks Steve Rogers to participate in it. Steve accepts, and is permanently bonded to the Iron Man armor. Iron Man debuts during the Battle of Guadalcanal, going on to help win the Second World War. Rogers goes on to become an essential part of American military tactics over the resulting decades, drafting Dr. Reed Richards to provide technical support. Meanwhile, lacking the guidance of a role model who taught him the value of responsibility as a result of Benjamin's death, Peter Parker grows up to become a disaffected, trouble-making punk. At one point, Peter decides to sneak out of a field trip to a desert base and goes joyriding with friends in a stolen jeep. After the jeep breaks down, Peter goes off to find fuel, but accidentally wanders into a test site just as a gamma bomb is detonated. Soon after recovering from the explosion and returning home, Peter is confronted by the two friends, who accuse him of getting them into trouble. Peter becomes angry and turns into the Hulk, destroying property around him. The Hulk is confronted by the police. May Parker recognizes the Hulk as Peter and suffers a heart attack, which causes him to flee in distress. As a result of Peter's transformation, the recently retired Rogers is drafted back to wear the Iron Man armor to capture Peter. After visiting May in hospital to say goodbye before running away, Peter is confronted by Iron Man and several army troops. Rejecting Rogers's attempts to calm him, Peter turns into the Hulk and confronts Iron Man. After a long fight outside the hospital, the Hulk eventually kills Iron Man; realizing what he has done, Peter flees in terror. Meanwhile, Reed Richards, along with his co-pilots Ben Grimm, Sue Storm and Johnny Storm, launch into space in a rocket designed to collect cosmic rays. However, the rocket explodes before it can reach orbit due to sabotage, crashing back to Earth and killing Ben, Johnny and Sue, with Reed being the only survivor. Reed is then invited to lead the spy organization S.H.I.E.L.D. As head of S.H.I.E.L.D., Reed uses his technical genius and scientific background to pioneer numerous radical technologies and also drafts others, including Bruce Banner, Stephen Strange, and Tony Stark, into the organization. Blaming himself and his gamma bomb for Parker's condition, Bruce Banner begins to obsessively research methods of curing Peter. During one of his experiments, he is bitten by a radioactive spider collected from the gamma bomb test site and mutates into a feral half-man, half-spider creature. After going on the run for two years, Bruce is captured and becomes Spider-Man after having his mutation brought under control. Galactus arrives on Earth alongside his herald the Silver Surfer, intending to consume the planet as he has consumed others over the millennia. The US Army and Air Force are wiped out as they confront the Silver Surfer. Earth's superhumans attempt to stop Galactus, only to be killed or injured en masse, with only a few managing to come through the battle unscathed. The Hulk emerges from seclusion, attacks Galactus, and dies after being blasted by the Power Cosmic. Parker's death inspires the Silver Surfer to attack Galactus, who eventually leaves Earth after killing the Silver Surfer. The series ends with an epilogue at Rogers's and Parker's gravestones. Characters Iron Man (Steve Rogers): Soldier in World War II who volunteers for Project: Iron Man. He dies after attempting to subdue and arrest the Hulk. Hulk (Peter Parker): Exposed to gamma bomb who turns into the Hulk whenever angry. He runs away after accidentally killing Iron Man. He later emerges from seclusion and dies while attacking Galactus. Dr. Reed Richards: Government scientist working on "Project: Iron Man", is director of S.H.I.E.L.D. after the crash landing of his rocket and the deaths of the co-pilots. He resembles Nick Fury in appearance. Spider-Man (Bruce Banner): S.H.I.E.L.D. scientist who is bitten by a radioactive spider and gains spider-like abilities. See also JLA: The Nail by DC Comics - a story by DC with a similar concept. References External links Issue #1 solicitation Issue #2 solicitation Issue #3 solicitation Issue #4 solicitation Issue #5 solicitation Straczynski press conference 2006 comics debuts Comics by J. Michael Straczynski

8474779

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kathy%20Cook%20%28journalist%29

Kathy Cook (journalist)

Kathy Cook is a Canadian magazine writer. She has written 22 major feature articles for Reader's Digest magazine, including two international cover stories and six Canadian covers. At Reader's Digest, Cook specializes in writing "Drama in Real Life" articles. Recently, she contributed two chapters to a Reader’s Digest hardcover book, Survival Against the Odds. Her work has appeared in over 40 countries in 18 languages. Cook has also published in Walrus, Elm Street, the National Post, The Globe and Mail, and the Ottawa Citizen. In 2000-2003, Cook was an editor at Canada.com, Canada’s largest website. She has won four national journalism awards, including a 2005 National Magazine Award in the category of Politics and Public Interest, for an article published in The Walrus about the Sudan called "The Peace Wager". Cook's non-fiction book about the Northern Uganda/Sudan wars, Stolen Angels is the source for the film Girl Soldier starring Uma Thurman, which was in pre-production in 2009. References External links Official Site for Stolen Angels: the Kidnapped Girls of Uganda Canadian magazine journalists Year of birth missing (living people) Living people Canadian women journalists Canadian women non-fiction writers 20th-century Canadian journalists 21st-century Canadian journalists 20th-century Canadian women writers

8474782

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mohammed%20Salim

Mohammed Salim

Mohammed or Mohammad Salim may refer to: Mohammad Salim (born 1981), Bangladeshi cricketer Mohammed Salim (footballer) (1904–1980), Indian footballer Mohammed Salim (politician) (born 1957), Indian politician Mohammad Salim Al-Awa (born 1942), Egyptian Islamist thinker Mohammed Ali Salim, Libyan politician active in 2012 Ramadhan Mohammed Salim (born 1993), Kenyan footballer See also Mohammad Selim (died 2015), Bangladeshi politician Salim Mohammed (born 1946), Trinidad cyclist

8474790

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maladzyechna%20%28air%20base%29

Maladzyechna (air base)

Maladzyechna (also Molodechno) was an air base in Belarus located 8 km south of Maladzyechna. It was a 1960s-era fighter base, headquarters of the 330th Fighter Aviation Division, 26th Air Army from 1955-60. Towards the end of the Cold War it was plowed under for farmland. The geometrics remained visible on Google Earth imagery as of 2006, and a small propeller airplane was visible suggesting the airfield has remained as a minor airstrip. References RussianAirFields.com Soviet Frontal Aviation Airports in Belarus Military installations closed in the 1980s

8474795

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liscarroll

Liscarroll

Liscarroll () is a village in County Cork, Ireland. The village is on the R522 regional road near Mallow and Buttevant about two miles south of River Awbeg. Liscarroll is within the Cork North-West (Dáil constituency). Liscarroll is approximately 51 km to Cork City and 53 km to Limerick City, Liscarroll was once considered to be the cross roads of Munster. According to the 2016 census of Ireland there are 883 individuals living in and around Liscarroll, the population had increased by 52 individuals (6.25%) since the 2011 census of Ireland. Liscarroll Castle The remains of Liscarroll Castle, a large 13th-century Hiberno-Norman fortress, that still towers over the village of Liscarroll and the surrounding countryside. It is the third largest castle in Ireland. The construction date of Liscarroll castle is not recorded, but a late thirteenth-century date is most likely for this type of castle. It may well have been built by David de Barry who died in the late 1270s and who had served as justiciar (the king's chief representative in Ireland) in the 1260s. Liscarroll was held by the Barrys down to the early seventeenth century, when it was acquired by an English settler, Percival. In 1649 it was captured by Cromwellian forces under Sir Hardress Waller. A sustained artillery bombardment during this battle caused considerable damage to the walls, making it indefensible, a fate suffered by many castles when cannon came into common usage. Percivals regained possession of the castle after this and their descendants held it down to the twentieth century. The castle is the subject of an 1854 poem by Callaghan Hartstonge Gayner which concludes: Beneath its folds assemble now, and fight with might and main, That grand old fight to make our land "A nation once again", And falter not till alien rule in dark oblivion falls, We’ll stand as freemen yet, beneath those old Liscarroll walls. In 1920 during the Irish War of Independence the castle was temporarily occupied by the British military. The Castle is under the guardianship of the Office of Public Works as a National Monument. Other notable locations There is a ringfort close to the village, approximately in diameter which dates to between the fifth and tenth century. It is the burial place of almost twenty members of the FitzGerald/FitzPierce family killed in the Battle of Liscarroll in 1642. There are two donkey sanctuaries in the area, the Donkey Sanctuary and the Jones' household. Liscarroll nestles in a valley surrounded by hills and this valley was once part of an ancient lake, which now lies approximately 60 ft underground. See also List of towns and villages in Ireland Battle of Liscarroll References External links Towns and villages in County Cork

8474796

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mumford%20River

Mumford River

The Mumford River is an river in south-central Massachusetts. It is a tributary of the Blackstone River. The river rises from its headwaters in Sutton and Douglas at Manchaug Pond and flows east in a meandering path through a series of ponds (Manchaug, Stevens, Gilboa, Lackey, Whitins, just west of Whitinsville), and joins the Blackstone River in Uxbridge. The river was named for a hunter, named Mumford, at Mendon, who drowned in this river in the 17th century. This occurred before the towns through which this river flows were formed from Mendon. These towns include Douglas, Sutton, Northbridge, and Uxbridge. Mendon was first settled in 1660. This river was a source of water power for a number of mills and factories in America's earliest industrialization, in the historic Blackstone Valley. The Whitin Machine Works grew up at Whitinsville on the Mumford River, and was once the largest manufacturer of textile machines in the world. The Linwood Mill and the Crown and Eagle Mill at North Uxbridge also grew up on the Mumford, as did the historic Capron Mill at Uxbridge, and the Winfield Shuster Mill in East Douglas. See also List of rivers of Massachusetts References External links Manchaug Pond's Official Website: the Lake, the Association and the Foundation Rivers of Worcester County, Massachusetts Rivers of Massachusetts Tributaries of Providence River

8474802

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liscarroll%20Castle

Liscarroll Castle

Liscarroll Castle is a 13th-century Hiberno-Norman fortress in County Cork, Ireland. In July 1642, at the start of the Irish Confederate Wars, the castle was seized by Irish Confederate forces commanded by Garret Barry. After the subsequent Battle of Liscarroll, the castle was recaptured by British forces commanded by Murrough O'Brien, 1st Earl of Inchiquin. The castle is the subject of an 1854 poem by Callaghan Hartstonge Gayner which concludes: Beneath its folds assemble now, and fight with might and main, That grand old fight to make our land "A nation once again", And falter not till alien rule in dark oblivion falls, We’ll stand as freemen yet, beneath those old Liscarroll walls. The castle was used as a military outpost by a detachment of 17th Lancers during the Irish War of Independence. The outpost was abandoned in 1921 after an IRA raid. The remains of Castle Liscarroll still tower over the village of Liscarroll and the surrounding countryside. References Castles in County Cork Ruins in the Republic of Ireland National Monuments in County Cork

8474821

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/T.%20M.%20Stevens

T. M. Stevens

Thomas Michael "T. M." Stevens (born July 28, 1951) is an American bass guitarist from New York City. He has recorded and toured with an array of rock, R&B, and pop acts as a session musician and also worked as a solo performer. Career Early recordings and solo work Stevens, who sometimes goes by the name Shaka Zulu, began his career playing bass in the group Space Cadets, with whom he released a self-titled album in 1981. Between 1986 and 1987, he was a member of the Pretenders, recording the album Get Close with them in 1986. In 1993, he joined Vai, a short-lived group formed by Steve Vai to record and promote his third studio album, Sex & Religion. The group also included Devin Townsend on vocals and Terry Bozzio on drums. In 1995, Stevens began recording his own material with the backing band Out of Control and released two albums, Boom (1995) and Sticky Wicked (1996). In 1997, he produced and arranged the album Black Night – Deep Purple Tribute According to New York, performing on seven of its eleven tracks. In 2000, Stevens recorded the album International Telephone with German drummer Marco Minnemann's group Illegal Aliens. The same year, he released Boomparty 2000 with the Boombasstics and in 2008, he issued Brothers in Arms with the group Temple of Soul. Session work and touring Stevens has recorded and toured with many artists, including Yoshiaki Masuo, James Brown, Nona Hendryx, Joe Cocker, Cyndi Lauper, Little Steven, Tina Turner, Narada Michael Walden, Taylor Dayne, Stevie Salas, and Billy Joel. Personal life On September 16, 2017, Stevens' fellow musician and friend Ronny Drayton announced on his Facebook page that Stevens had advanced dementia and was living in a nursing home. Discography Solo Albums Boom (with Out of Control, 1995) Sticky Wicked (with Out of Control, 1996) Black Night – Deep Purple Tribute According to New York (1997) Radioactive (1999) Shocka Zooloo (2001) Limousine Drive (Original Soundtrack) (2001) Africans in the Snow (2007) with Space Cadets Space Cadets (1981) with the Pretenders Get Close (1986) with Vai Sex & Religion (1993) with Illegal Aliens International Telephone (2000) with The Boombasstics Boomparty 2000 (2000) with Temple of Soul Brothers in Arms (2008) Other Sherry Winston featuring Eric Gale, Buddy Williams & T.M. Stevens – Do It for Love (1986) Travers & Appice featuring: T.M. Stevens – Live (2005) Selected recordings with other artists Yoshiaki Masuo – Good Morning (1979) Yoshiaki Masuo – Sunshine Avenue (1979) Narada Michael Walden – Dance of Life (1979) Yoshiaki Masuo – Masuo Live (1980) David Sancious – Just As I Thought (1980) Yoshiaki Masuo – Mellow Focus (1982) Lovebug Starski – House Rocker (1986) Billy Squier – Enough Is Enough (1986) Gregory Abbott – Shake You Down (1986) James Brown – Gravity (1986) Nona Hendryx – Female Trouble (1987) Joe Cocker – Unchain My Heart (1987) Little Steven – Freedom – No Compromise (1987) Darlene Love – Paint Another Picture (1988) Taylor Dayne – Can't Fight Fate (1989) Cyndi Lauper – Night to Remember (1989) Joe Cocker – One Night of Sin (1989) Tina Turner – Foreign Affair (1989) Joe Cocker – Joe Cocker Live (1990) Riot – The Privilege of Power (1990) Joe Cocker – Night Calls (1991) Curtis Stigers – Curtis Stigers (1991) Taylor Dayne – Soul Dancing (1993) Billy Joel – River of Dreams (1993) Stevie Salas – Stevie Salas Presents: The Electric Pow Wow (1993) hide – Hide Your Face (1994) The Uptown Horns – The Uptown Horns Revue (1994) Curtis Stigers – Time Was (1995) Joe Grushecky and the Houserockers – American Babylon (1995) Jean-Paul Bourelly – Tribute to Jimi (1995) Cissy Houston – He Leadeth Me (1997) Nicklebag – Mas Feedback (1997) Stacy Lattisaw – The Very Best of Stacy Lattisaw (1998) Space Cadets – Da Bomb (1999) 2Pac – The Rose That Grew from Concrete (2000) Aina – Days of Rising Doom: The Metal Opera (2003) Victor Wooten – Soul Circus (2005) Travers & Appice – It Takes a Lot of Balls (2004) The Headhunters – On Top: Live in Europe (2008) References External links 1951 births Living people American rock bass guitarists American funk bass guitarists American male bass guitarists American male guitarists African-American guitarists The Pretenders members People from West Long Branch, New Jersey Guitarists from New York (state) 20th-century American guitarists

8474825

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cranial%20vault

Cranial vault

The cranial vault is the space in the skull within the neurocranium, occupied by the brain. Development In humans, the cranial vault is imperfectly composed in newborns, to allow the large human head to pass through the birth canal. During birth, the various bones, connected only by cartilage and ligaments, will move relatively to each other. The open portion between the major bones of the upper part of the vault, called fontanelles, normally remain soft up to two years after birth. As the fontanelles close, the vault loses some of its plasticity. The sutures between the bones remain until 30 to 40 years of age, allowing for growth of the brain. Cranial vault size is directly proportional to skull size and is developed early. The size and shape of the brain and the surrounding vault remain quite plastic as the brain grows in childhood. In several ancient societies, head shape was altered for aesthetic or religious reasons by binding cloth or boards tightly around the head during infancy. It is not known whether such artificial cranial deformation has an effect in brain power. Evolution The cranial vault is composed of the endocranium forming the basal parts, topped by the skull roof in land vertebrates. In fishes no distinct cranial vault as such exists. Instead, the skull is composed of loosely jointed bones. The cranial vault as a distinct unit arose with the fusion of the skull roof and the endocranium on the early Labyrinthodonts. In amphibians and reptiles the vault is rather small and inconspicuous, only forming proper vaults in mammals and birds. See also Skull Craniometry Phrenology References Head lt:Kaukolės ertmė

8474831

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smarhon%20%28air%20base%29

Smarhon (air base)

Smarhon (also Smorgon and Smorgon Northwest) is a former Soviet Air Forces base in Belarus located 8 km northwest of Smarhonʹ. It was a small airfield with an unpaved revetment complex hidden in the forest to the northwest. The airfield is currently abandoned and increasingly overgrown. The base was home to the 405th Fighter Aviation Regiment between 1956 and 1960 with the Mikoyan-Gurevich MiG-15 (ASCC: Fagot). References External links RussianAirFields.com Soviet Frontal Aviation Airports in Belarus Smarhon

8474847

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manor%C3%A1

Manorá

Manorá (or Manó Râ) is a barrio (neighbourhood) of Asunción, the capital of Paraguay. It has a population of 1,898 people. Geography Manorá is bordered near Santo Domingo, Las Lomas, San Jorge, Ycua Sati, San Cristobal, and Villa Morra. There are many stores around the area, including a TGI Fridays, and a McDonalds. Toponymy The name is believed to have been coined by Roa Bastos in 1993. The name is Guarani for "a place of death". It could also possibly interpreted as "a place of dying", or "a place of the dead". Notable people Emilio Gill - Brother of and member of the cabinet of Juan Bautista Gill (assassinated in 1877 in Manorá). Carlos Antonio López - president of Paraguay (born November 4, 1792 in Manorá). Francisco Solano López - president of Paraguay (born 1827 in Manorá). References Neighbourhoods of Asunción

8474848

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coppa%20Italia%20%28rugby%20union%29

Coppa Italia (rugby union)

The Coppa Italia (Italian Cup), from 2011 until 2018 Excellence Trophy, is a rugby union competition in Italy for domestic clubs. The competition is second to the Top12, the Italian national championship. The competition has been contested annually since 1967, though it was not held from 1974 to 1980, and 1983 to 1994, and again in 1996, 1999 and 2002. The first club to win the competition was CUS Roma. From 2011 to 2020, it involves only teams from the Top12 who don't participate to the European Rugby Challenge Cup Qualifying Competition, now Continental Shield. Past winners Performance by club {| class="wikitable" |- ! Club ! Winners ! Winning Years |- | Viadana | 6 | 2000, 2003, 2007, 2013, 2016, 2017 |- | Fiamme Oro | 5 | 1968, 1969, 1971, 1972, 2014 |- | Benetton Treviso | 4 | 1970, 1998, 2005, 2010 |- | Petrarca | 4 | 1982, 2001, 2022, 2023 |- | Calvisano | 3 | 2004, 2012, 2015 |- | Parma | 3 | 2006, 2008, 2009 |- | Rugby Roma Olimpic | 2 | 1999, 2011 |- | L'Aquila | 2 | 1973, 1981 |- | Rovigo Delta | 1 | 2020 |- | Valorugby Emilia | 1 | 2019 |- | San Donà | 1 | 2018 |- | Milan | 1 | 1995 |- | CUS Roma | 1 | 1967 |} See also Rugby union in Italy Top12 External links Official site FIR Rugby union competitions in Italy 1967 establishments in Italy

8474857

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OT301

OT301

OT301 is a self-managed social centre in a legalized squat in the Dutch city of Amsterdam, located on Overtoom 301. History The former Dutch film academy was squatted in 1999 by a group of artists. After being a breeding ground for a number of years, the building was bought by the user association Eerste Hulp Bij Kunst (EHBK) from the council in 2006. It is used as a multi-media alternative cultural centre, comparable to projects in other Dutch cities such as Extrapool in Nijmegen and WORM in Rotterdam. Activities OT301 is a venue for music and films, a non-profit print shop, artists workspace and an 'organic cultural kitchen' (a vegan restaurant) called De Peper. Formerly, it housed the offices of European Youth For Action and Green Pepper magazine. OT301 received the Amsterdamprijs voor de Kunsten (Amsterdam Prize for the Arts) from the Amsterdam Fonds voor de Kunst on 23 August 2007 from Amsterdam Mayor Job Cohen. References External links OT301 website De Peper website Legalized squats Music venues in the Netherlands Culture in Amsterdam Squats in the Netherlands Social centres in the Netherlands Infoshops

8474861

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bobr%20%28air%20base%29

Bobr (air base)

Bobr (also given as Bobr East) was an air base in Belarus located west of Talacyn. It appears to have been a forward deployment field. It is now plowed under into farmland. A new major highway connecting Minsk to Moscow is just north of the former site. References RussianAirFields.com Military installations of Belarus Airports in Belarus

8474893

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ali%20%C3%87etinkaya

Ali Çetinkaya

Ali Çetinkaya, also known as "Kel" Ali Bey (1878 – 21 February 1949) was an Ottoman-born Turkish army officer and politician, who served eight terms in the Grand National Assembly of Turkey, including a period in 1939–40 as his country's first Minister of Transport. Biography He was born in Kara Hisâr-i Sâhib (present day Afyonkarahisar) in Hüdavendigâr Vilayet as the son of Ahmed Efendi. He studied in the Bursa Military High School (Bursa Askerî İdadisi ). After graduating from military highschool, he entered the Ottoman Military Academy (Mekteb-i Füsûn-u Harbiyye-i Şâhâne ) In 1898 he graduated academy and joined the Ottoman military as a Second Lieutenant (Mülâzım-ı Sani ). During World War I, he served for the army in the Caucasus and Galicia fronts. When the Greek forces were landing at Smyrna on May 15, 1919, he was a lieutenant colonel and the commander of the Ottoman 172nd Infantry Regiment stationed in the Aegean coastal town of Ayvalık. His regiment was under the command of the 56th Division of Hurrem Bey. Ali played a key role in the first stage of the Greco-Turkish War of 1919–1922, starting with the opening battle against the occupying Greek forces. He was briefly able to hold back the advance into the city of Greek occupation forces. His action is considered to mark the first shots fired by regular forces in the 1919–22 Greco-Turkish War which was part of the wider Turkish War of Independence, although there were earlier confrontations in which irregular militias participated, including the battle involving Hasan Tahsin in İzmir, as well as actions in Urla and Ödemiş. The hill in Ayvalık from where the first shots were fired is now called İlk Kurşun Tepesi (First Bullet Hill). Today there is a military rehabilitation center on that hill for Turkish Army soldiers. After the war, Ali Çetinkaya was elected to Turkish Grand National Assembly for eight successive terms and served until 1942, holding ministerial posts in six different governments, including, with the formation of a Ministry of Transport, becoming Turkey's first Minister of Transport. Ali Çetinkaya died in Istanbul in the year of his 71st birthday. Ali Çetinkaya is considered a hero in Turkey. Cunda Island of Ayvalık was renamed Alibey Adası (Ali Bey Island) after him, although the old name remains in common use. References Ali Çetinkaya biographical sketch {in Turkish} at Biyografi.info (includes small photograph) External links Hasan Kundakçı, "Ali Çetinkaya'yı Anarken", Atatürk Araştırma Merkezi Dergisi, Sayı 38, Cilt: XIII, Temmuz 1997 Date of birth unknown 1878 births 1949 deaths People from Afyonkarahisar People from Hüdavendigâr vilayet Republican People's Party (Turkey) politicians Government ministers of Turkey Ministers of Transport and Communications of Turkey Ministers of Public Works of Turkey Deputies of Afyonkarahisar Ottoman Army officers Turkish Army officers Ottoman military personnel of the Balkan Wars Ottoman military personnel of World War I Turkish military personnel of the Greco-Turkish War (1919–1922) Members of the Special Organization (Ottoman Empire) Malta exiles Ottoman Military Academy alumni Recipients of the Medal of Independence with Red-Green Ribbon (Turkey) Members of the 7th government of Turkey Members of the 8th government of Turkey Members of the 9th government of Turkey Members of the 10th government of Turkey Members of the 11th government of Turkey Members of the 12th government of Turkey

8474894

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orsha%20Airport

Orsha Airport

Orsha Airport (previously named Balbasovo Airbase, given as Balbasava, Bolbasovo, Orsha Southwest, and Orsha) is a commercial airport in Belarus, located 11 km southwest of Orsha. It has a long runway, large tarmac area, a terminal building, 3 commercial remote stands, and 30 large revetments. A remote revetment area contains 5 bomber pads and probably 5 fighter pads. The airport is also home to the Orsha Aircraft Repair Plant (OARP). It was home to the 402nd Heavy Bomber Aviation Regiment (402 TBAP) flying Tupolev Tu-22M3 (ASCC: Backfire) aircraft as recently as 1993. The 402 TBAP's division headquarters was 326 TBAD at Soltsy-2. Its IATA code TXC was assigned in late 2021, in preparation of taking up commercial air transport operations. References Airports in Belarus Soviet Long Range Aviation bases Military installations of Belarus Belarusian Air Force

8474909

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry%27s%20Farmers%20Market

Henry's Farmers Market

Henry's Farmers Market (also known as Henry's Marketplace and Henry's) was a grocery retailer that operated in California. In 2011, it started becoming part of the Sprouts Farmers Market chain with a full acquisition taking place by early- to mid-2013. History Henry’s Farmers Market was an operator of natural-foods stores. The company was established in 1943 when Henry Boney and his family opened a fruit stand on a street corner in San Diego. Henry's Farmers Market was established in 1943, when San Diego businessman Henry Boney and his family opened a fruit stand and bought a truckload of peaches and sold them on a street corner in San Diego. In December 2010, Henry's announced plans to open its first Boise, Idaho store in the downtown area, in 2011. However, a week after the announcement, plans for the Boise store were stalled. Acquisitions The Henry's chain included 23 stores in Southern California and one in Northern California. In 1999, Wild Oats Markets, Inc. acquired Henry's Marketplace from the Henry Boney Family. Following a merger in August 2007, Wild Oats was acquired by Whole Foods Market. Soon thereafter, in October 2007, Whole Foods Market sold all 35 Henry's Farmers Market and Sun Harvest Market stores to a subsidiary of Los Angeles grocer Smart & Final, Inc., for $166 million (~$ in ). Earlier in 2007, Smart & Final had been acquired by the private equity firm Apollo Management. Sprouts, an Arizona-based market, is the second specialty market brand developed by the Henry Boney family. The first store opened in Chandler, Arizona in 2002, who sold Henry's Marketplace in 1999 (rebranded Henry's Farmers Market in 2004. In early 2011, Apollo Management announced that it would be merging Sprouts and Henry's Farmers Market. The combined company, which operates under the name Sprouts Farmers Market, had 98 stores and more than 7,000 employees at the time the transaction closed in the second quarter of 2011. References Defunct supermarkets of the United States Retail companies established in 1943 Companies based in Phoenix, Arizona Health food stores Private equity portfolio companies

8474913

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Koolvac

Koolvac

Koolvac was a robotic vacuum cleaner sold in the U.S. by former iRobot distributor Koolatron, owned by Canadian Urus Industrial Corp. iRobot filed a lawsuit against Koolatron, claiming that Koolvac was an unauthorized copy of their Roomba model. iRobot won the court case and Koolatron was prohibited from further sales of Koolvacs within the United States. All unsold units had to be destroyed or exported out of the U.S. by October 2005. See also List of vacuum cleaners References "iRobot Targets Roomba Knockoff", PC Magazine - May 10, 2005 . Retrieved 2011-01-23 "IRobot patent win sweeps rival out of U.S.", Boston Business Journal - August 25, 2005. Retrieved 2011-01-23 Robotic vacuum cleaners Robots of Canada 2000s robots

8474926

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alla%20Pavlova

Alla Pavlova

Alla Pavlova (Russian: Алла Павлова, born July 13, 1952, in Ukraine) is a Russian composer, born and initially raised in Vinnitsa in Ukraine. She and her family moved to Moscow in 1961, and she then moved to Brooklyn, New York in 1990, where she has settled. She is best known for her symphonic work. Biography Soviet life During the Soviet era, the Pavlova family was transferred to Moscow in 1961. There Alla received her Bachelor’s Degree in 1975 from the Ippolitov–Ivanov Music Institute, and in 1983 her Master’s Degree from the Gnessin State Musical College. She studied with Armen Shakhbagyan, a composer with a reputation established in the 1970s, and paid special attention to the works of Anna Akhmatova. This influenced a good part of her output until the 1990s. Following the achievement of her Master's in 1983, Pavlova moved to the Bulgarian capital of Sofia, where she worked at the Union of Bulgarian Composers and the Bulgarian National Opera. She returned to Moscow three years later. From 1986, Pavlova worked for the Russian Musical Society Board in Moscow, before relocating in 1990 to New York City. American life Lieder and chamber music Following her arrival in New York, Pavlova compiled a collection for her daughter Irene consisting of simple pieces for piano inspired by the fairy tales of Hans Christian Andersen. During the first half of the 1990s her compositions alternated between lieder and small works for piano. In 1994, Pavlova produced her first major work, for a small chamber orchestra, Symphony no. 1 "Farewell Russia". The symphony seeks to convey the melancholic burden and feelings of pain the composer felt on leaving her home country. The work is articulated in a single movement, and is scored for a small ensemble consisting of two violins, a cello, a piano, a flute, and a piccolo,. It was recorded in Russia by soloists of the Moscow Philharmonic Orchestra two days after its first performance. Pavlova waited for four years to compose her next work for larger forces, an Elegy (1998) for piano and string orchestra, barely four minutes long, motivated by the death of her teacher Shakhbagyan. Her first symphonic work following the Elegy was the Symphony no. 2 "For the New Millennium" (1998), written that same year, her most ambitious work to date. Even before being revised four years later, it was brought to CD by Vladimir Fedoseyev (who later became one of Pavlova's champions in Russia when he played and recorded the Fourth Symphony which firmly established Pavlova's reputation in Russia). Pavlova returned to the composition of lieder, composing pieces like Miss me... but let me go at the beginning of September 2001. In the same way that Cristóbal Halffter saw his composition Adagio en forma de Rondó changed by the terrorist attacks of September 11, Pavlova - who had been shocked by these attacks, and who lived quite close to ground zero - decided to rededicate the song to the memory of the victims. Pavlova is a member of the New York Women Composers, Inc. Specialization in the Grand Forms Besides supporting her prestige, the Second Symphony marks an important point in Pavlova's career, as she moved away from chamber music in successive works in favor of large orchestral compositions. In 2000, she sealed this change of orientation with the monumental Symphony no. 3 which was inspired by a New York monument to Joan of Arc and is characterized by its intense expressive reach. Consistent with her habit of revising her works, Pavlova continued to work on this piece, adding a guitar in a new version which was premiered in 2004. Her Symphony no. 4 was written in 2002, as well as a second concert work, a monologue with solo violin in which she again used a string orchestra. From 2003-2005 Pavlova worked on her first incidental music, for the ballet Sulamith, to stage the 1908 story by Aleksandr Kuprin inspired by the Biblical story of King Solomon. A symphonic suite of three quarters of an hour was extracted from this ballet. Pavlova has written several further symphonies (no. 11 appeared in 2021). Other works include the Thumbelina Ballet Suite (2008/2009), a Concertino for violin, piano and string orchestra (2012), and "Night Music" for violin and strings (2014). Works Her music takes as its inspiration the great Russian masters of the 20th century (Prokofiev, Shostakovich, Rachmaninov, etc.), and each of her works seem crossed by the topic of uprooting and exile. "Lullaby for Irene" for piano, violin (or flute) and vibraphone (1972) Two Songs to Verses by Anna Akhmatova for soprano and piano (1974) "We Are the Love" to verses by Alla Pavlova for (mezzo-)soprano and piano quartet (1974) "The Dream" to verses by Anna Akhmatova for soprano and piano (1979) Impressions after Fairy-Tales by H. C. Andersen for piano (1990) Winter Morning to Verses by Alexander Pushkin for soprano, cello and flute (1993) Prelude for piano "For My Mother" (1994) "Summer Pictures for piano (1994) Symphony No. 1 "Farewell, Russia" for chamber orchestra (1994) The Old New York Nostalgia Suite for piano (1995) "Miss Me ... But Let Me Go" for violin, cello, two guitars and mezzo-soprano (1997) "I Loved You", masterpieces of Russian poetry for mezzo-soprano, violin and piano (1998) Elegy for piano and string orchestra (1998) Symphony No. 2 "For the New Millennium" (1998) The Old New York Nostalgia Suite for string orchestra, percussion, alto saxophone, tenor saxophone and trumpet (1998) Symphony No. 3 (2000) Symphony No. 4 (2002) Monolog for violin and string orchestra (2002) Suite from "Sulamith" (2003-2004) "Sulamith", ballet (2003-2005) Symphony No. 5 (2006) Symphony No. 6 (2008) Suite from "Thumbelina" (2008-2009) Symphony No. 7 (2011) Symphony No. 8 (2011) Concertino for violin, piano and string orchestra (2012) "Night Music" for violin and strings (2014 Symphony No.9 "Violin Concerto" (2016) Symphony No.10 (2017) Symphony No.11 (2021) Notes External links Biography Naxos - Alla Pavlova Membership of New York Women Composers http://www.allapavlova.com Music Musical Compositions by Alla Pavlova Discography compiled by Onno van Rijen Other Gnessin State Musical College, where Pavlova studied in Russia. 1952 births Living people 20th-century classical composers 21st-century classical composers American women classical composers American classical composers Russian women classical composers Russian classical composers Soviet classical composers Soviet women classical composers Soviet emigrants to the United States American people of Ukrainian descent American people of Russian descent Ukrainian classical composers Ukrainian women classical composers Gnessin State Musical College alumni 21st-century American composers 20th-century American women musicians 20th-century American composers 21st-century American women musicians 20th-century women composers 21st-century women composers

8474928

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eric%20Schopler

Eric Schopler

Eric Schopler (February 8, 1927 – July 7, 2006) was a German born American psychologist whose pioneering research into autism led to the foundation of the TEACCH program. Personal life Eric Schopler was born February 8, 1927, in Fürth, Germany to Erna Oppenheimer Schopler and Ernst Schopler, who were Jewish. In 1938 his family fled Nazi Germany and emigrated to the U.S., where they settled in Rochester, New York. Schopler married Betsy Burch in 1953 and together they had three children: Bobby, Tom and Susie. Following his divorce in 1970, he married Margaret Lansing. He died at the age of 79 from cancer on July 7, 2006, at his home near Mebane, North Carolina. Military service and education After graduating from high school, Schopler joined the United States Army. In 1949 Schopler earned his bachelor's degree from the University of Chicago. In 1955, he attained a graduate degree in Social Service Administration. He earned a PhD in clinical child psychology in 1964. All three degrees were attained at the University of Chicago. Career Early career After attaining his graduate degree, Schopler worked from 1955 to 1958 as a family counselor in Rochester, New York. He moved to Rhode Island where for 2 years he worked at the Emma P. Bradley Hospital as the Acting Chief Psychiatric Social Worker. Then in 1960 worked in Chicago at the Treatment and Research Center for Childhood Schizophrenia. He was an investigator and therapist there until 1964, the same year that he attained his doctorate from University of Chicago. University of North Carolina Schopler joined the faculty as an associate professor of the Psychiatry department at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill in 1964. He became the director of the Child Research Project in 1966. In collaboration with Dr. Robert Reichler, he applied his earlier research on receptor processes to the treatment of autism. Funding was provided by the National Institute of Mental Health and trials were conducted with autistic children and their parents. As a result of his work for the Child Research Project, the Treatment and Education of Autistic and Related Communication Handicapped Children (TEACCH) was created in 1971 and he was made co-director in 1972. It is a "pioneering" program for assisting with autism spectrum disorder education, research and service delivery for children and adults. The TEACCH program lead to many advances in knowledge of autism. Schopler showed that most autistic children did not have mental disorders, as was believed by many at the time. He also proved that parents of autistic children could be effective collaborators in the treatment and education of their children. Thanks to these TEACCH results, in 1972 Schopler's methods were rolled out statewide in North Carolina schools and special state-funded clinics. The following year he was made a professor. In 1976 he became the director or TEACCH and remained so until 1993. He became the Associate Chair for Developmental Disabilities in 1992, which he held until 1996. Overlapping his time as Director of TEACCH and as Associate Chair for Developmental Disabilities, Schopler was the Chief Psychologist from 1987 to 1999. He worked at the University of North Carolina's TEACCH program until 2005. The TEACCH methodology has been implemented internationally and, as of 2006, in North Carolina there were 9 TEACCH state funded clinics in operation. Other professional activities Schopler was editor for Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders from 1974 until 1997. His successor was Gary B. Mesibov. He was also on the Schizophrenia Bulletin and the Topics in Early Childhood Special Education editorial boards. He was a member of the Society for Research in Child Development, American Association on Mental Deficiency, and American Association for the Advancement of Science. He also served on the advisory boards of Autism Society of America, Autism Society of North Carolina, Linwood Children's Center (Ellicott City, Maryland) and Bitter Sweet Farms (Toledo, Ohio). Recognition He received the following recognition for his work: 1972 - American Psychiatric Association's Gold Achievement Award for Child Research Project 1985 - University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill's O. Max Gardner Award for contributions to human welfare 1993 - North Carolina Award for public service 1997 - American Psychological Association's Award for Distinguished Contributions to the Advancement of Knowledge and Service 2005 - Autism Society of North Carolina's Lifetime Achievement Award 2006 - American Psychological Foundation's Gold Medal for Life Achievement in the Application of Psychology 2007 - North Carolina General Assembly Joint Resolution honoring the life and memory of Eric Scholper, "a pioneer in the treatment of autism Publications More than 200 articles and books were written by Scholper on autism spectrum disorders. This is a partial list of some of the books he's written. Eric Schopler; Robert J. Reichler. (editors). Psychopathology and Child Development: Research and Treatment. New York: Plenum Press, 1976. Michael Rutter; Eric Schopler. (editors). Autism: A reappraisal of concepts and treatment. New York: Plenum Press, 1978. . Eric Schopler; Gary B. Mesibov. Psychoeducational Profile - Revised (PEP-R). Pro-Ed; 1 January 1979. . Eric Schopler; Robert J. Reichler; Margaret D. Lansing. Individualized Assessment and Treatment for Autistic and Developmentally Disabled Children. University Park Press, 1980. Eric Schopler; Robert Reichler; Margaret D. Lansing. Teaching Strategies for Parents and Professionals: Volume II. 1980. Eric Schopler; Margaret D. Lansing; Leslie Waters. Teaching Activities for Autistic Children: Volume III. Part of the series Individualized Assessment and Treatment for Autistic and Developmentally Disabled Children. University Park Press, 1982. Eric Schopler; Gary B. Mesibov. Autism in Adolescents and Adults. Springer; 28 February 1983. . Eric Schopler; Gary B. Mesibov. (editors) Communication Problems in Autism. Springer; 31 May 1985 . Eric Schopler; Gary B. Mesibov. Social Behavior in Autism. Springer; 28 February 1986. . Eric Schopler; Robert J. Reichler; Barbara Rochen Renner. The childhood autism rating scale (CARS) for diagnostic screening and classification of autism. New York: Irvington, 1986. Eric Schopler; Gary B. Mesibov. Neurobiological Issues in Autism. Springer; 30 April 1987. . Gary Mesibov; Eric Schopler. Adolescent and Adult Psychoeducational Profile (AAPEP). Pro-Ed; 1 September 1988. . Eric Schopler; Gary B. Mesibov. Diagnosis and Assessment in Autism. Springer; 30 September 1988. . Gary B. Mesibov; Eric Schopler; Bruce Schaffer; Rhonda Landrus. Adolescent and Adult Psychoeducational Profile (AAPEP): Volume IV (1988). Pro-ed, 1989. . Linda R. Watson; Catherine Lord; Bruce Schaffer; Eric Schopler. Teaching Spontaneous Communication to Autistic and Developmentally Handicapped Children. 'New York: Irvington Publishers Inc., 1988. ' Eric Schopler; Mary Elizabeth Van Bourgondien; Marie M. Bristol. (editors). Preschool Issues in Autism. New York: Plenum Press, 1993. Part of the series Current Issues in Autism. Eric Schopler; Gary B. Mesibov. Behavioral Issues in Autism. Springer; 31 March 1994 . Eric Schopler; Gary B. Mesibov. Learning and cognition in autism. Plenum Press; 1995. . Eric Schopler; Gary B. Mesibov. (editors). Parent Survival Manual: A Guide to Crisis Resolution in Autism and Related Developmental Disorders. Springer; 30 June 1995 . Eric Schopler; Gary B. Mesibov; Linda J. Kunce. Asperger Syndrome or High-Functioning Autism?. Springer; 30 April 1998 . Eric Schopler; Nurit Yimiya; Cory Shulman; Lee M. Marcus (editors). The Research Basis for Autism Intervention. Plenum Publishing, 2001. Gary B. Mesibov; Victoria Shea; Eric Schopler. The TEACCH Approach to Autism Spectrum Disorders. Springer; 7 December 2004. . References External links A blog about Eric Schopler. The TEACCH website. 1927 births 2006 deaths 20th-century American psychologists Autism researchers Deaths from cancer in North Carolina Jewish emigrants from Nazi Germany to the United States People from Fürth Scientists from Rochester, New York University of Chicago School of Social Service Administration alumni People from Mebane, North Carolina

8474938

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/August%20Silberstein

August Silberstein

August Karl Silberstein (1 July 1827 – 7 March 1900) was an Austrian writer, born in Ofen, Budapest (Hungary). Biography Silberstein was educated at the University of Vienna and supported the 1848 revolts in Austria-Hungary with his articles in the German satire periodical Leuchtkugeln, which was banned in the middle of 1851. As a result, Silberstein was forced to leave his home. Impassioned by the country life, he wrote stories of life in villages idealizing the countryside and published popular collections of tales. He was thus called the "Austrian Auerbach". His poems had influence in his lifetime, in particular upon the Austrian poet Peter Rosegger, to whom he was to some extent a mentor. These poems were sometimes put to music by composers such as Strauss (Wenn du ein herzig Liebchen hast of 1879) or Anton Bruckner (Germanenzug of 1864, Vaterlandslied of 1866, and Helgoland of 1893). Works Dorfschwalben aus Österreich (1862-1863) Hercules Schwach (1864) Land u. Leute im Nasswald (1868) Glänzende Bahnen (1874) Die Alpenrose von Ischl (1875) Deutsche Hochlandsgeschichten (1877) Büchlein Klinginsland (1878) Denksäulen im Gebiet der Kultur und Litteratur (1878) Die Rosenzauberin (1884) Hauschronik im Blumen— u. Dichter-Schmuck (1884) Frau Sorge (1886) Landläufige Geschichten (1886) Dorfmusik (1892) See also Revolutions of 1848 Ferdinand Freiligrath Ludwig Kalisch Gottfried Kinkel References August Karl Silberstein at the Encyclopedia of Austria Portrait, at portrait.kaar.at stadtbibliothek.wien.at Leuchtkugeln, München/Quedlinburg 1847–1851, Notes 1827 births 1900 deaths People from Buda Hungarian Jews 19th-century Austrian writers Austrian male short story writers Austrian satirists 19th-century Austrian poets Writers from Austria-Hungary Austro-Hungarian Jews 19th-century Hungarian poets 19th-century short story writers 19th-century Hungarian male writers Austrian male poets

8474940

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20presidents%20of%20the%20University%20of%20Alberta

List of presidents of the University of Alberta

The list of presidents of the University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada: Henry Marshall Tory (1908–1928) Robert C. Wallace (1928–1936) William A. R. Kerr (1936–1941) Robert Newton (1941–1950) Andrew Stewart (1950–1959) Walter H. Johns (1959–1969) Max Wyman (1969–1974) Harry Gunning (1974–1979) Myer Horowitz (1979–1989) Paul T. Davenport (1989–1994); W. John McDonald (acting) (1994–1995) Roderick D. Fraser (1995–2005) Indira Samarasekera (2005–2015) David Turpin (2015–2020) Bill Flanagan (2020–Present) External links University of Alberta Past Presidents Alberta

8474942

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dave%20Morrison%20%28footballer%29

Dave Morrison (footballer)

Dave Morrison (born 30 November 1974) is an English former professional footballer. Morrison started his professional football career with Chelmsford City, before being sold to Peterborough United in May 1994 for a fee of £50,000. During his time with The Posh, Morrison made 77 appearances and scored 12 goals. He was also sent out to Rushden & Diamonds on loan in October 1996. March 1997 saw Morrison move to Leyton Orient for a fee of £25,000. Morrison played a total of 46 games and scored three goals during his time with The O's. He was also loaned out to Dover Athletic in January 2000. Morrison then moved to Bohemians in the summer of 2000 where he played in European wins against Aberdeen and FC Kaiserslautern. He also played a big part as Bohemians won the League and Cup Double in May 2001. He left Bohemians in December 2004, joining Kidderminster Harriers, but was released in January 2005. Morrison then returned to the English game with Tamworth in March 2005, where he played with the Conference National side until the end of the 2005/06 season when he was released and joined Moor Green in July 2005. In the 2007 close season Moor Green merged with local rivals Solihull Borough and like many of his Moor Green teammates Morrison joined the newly formed Solihull Moors. Morrison was appointed Head Fitness coach at Swindon Tow n FC in 2009 until 28 June 2011 when he was appointed fitness coach at Sheffield United. In 2014 he joined Wolverhampton Wanderers as a Sports Scientist. References External links 1974 births Living people Footballers from the London Borough of Waltham Forest English men's footballers Men's association football midfielders Chelmsford City F.C. players Peterborough United F.C. players Rushden & Diamonds F.C. players Leyton Orient F.C. players Dover Athletic F.C. players Bohemian F.C. players Tamworth F.C. players Kidderminster Harriers F.C. players Moor Green F.C. players Solihull Moors F.C. players English Football League players League of Ireland players National League (English football) players Sheffield United F.C. non-playing staff Wolverhampton Wanderers F.C. non-playing staff Expatriate men's association footballers in the Republic of Ireland Association football coaches Swindon Town F.C. non-playing staff

8474951

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fred%20Bennion

Fred Bennion

Fred W. Bennion (September 29, 1884 – January 18, 1960) was an American football player and coach of football, basketball and baseball. He served as the head football coach at the University of Utah from 1910 to 1913 and at the Agricultural College of the State of Montana—now Montana State University—from 1914 to 1917, compiling a career college football record of 27–15–8. Bennion was also the head basketball coach at Brigham Young University (BYU) from 1908 to 1910, at Utah from 1911 to 1914, and at Montana Agricultural from 1914 to 1919, amassing a career college basketball record of 96–31. In addition, He was the head baseball coach at BYU from 1909 to 1912, tallying a mark of 11–10. A native of Murray, Utah, Bennion was a graduate of the University of Pennsylvania and the University of Utah. He also studied agriculture at Montana State. Following his coaching career, he worked as an agricultural agent in Umatilla County, Oregon and Montana during the 1920s. He was later the director of the Montana Taxpayers Association. From 1946 to 1955, Bennion served as the executive director of the Colorado Pueblo Expenditures Council in Denver. He died on January 18, 1960, at his home in Denver, following a short illness. Head coaching record Football References External links 1884 births 1960 deaths BYU Cougars baseball coaches BYU Cougars men's basketball coaches Montana State Bobcats football coaches Montana State Bobcats men's basketball coaches Utah Utes football coaches Utah Utes football players Utah Utes men's basketball coaches Montana State University alumni University of Pennsylvania alumni People from Murray, Utah Sportspeople from Salt Lake County, Utah Coaches of American football from Utah Players of American football from Detroit Players of American football from Utah Baseball coaches from Utah Basketball coaches from Utah

8474956

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ackerley%20Group

Ackerley Group

The Ackerley Group was an American media company owned by Barry Ackerley that owned several television stations (mainly in New York, California, as well as one in Fairbanks) that was sold to Clear Channel Communications in 2002. In addition to ownership of television stations across the country, the company also owned and operated several radio stations in the Seattle, Washington, market. The company also owned the NBA Seattle SuperSonics and WNBA Seattle Storm professional basketball teams. Ackerley announced its sale to Clear Channel Communications on October 8, 2001; the merger was completed on June 14, 2002. At the time of the closure of the transaction, the sale price was reported to be 38 times cashflow (approximately $1.1B USD) the highest ever sale valuation for a North American publicly traded media company in the history of the NYSE. The record setting high price tag was attributed to the overwhelming market monopoly position of the Ackerley Group's Out of Home Media (billboards) marketplace in the Washington, Oregon, Massachusetts and South Florida media markets, all areas where Clear Channel was devoid of inventory. Its chairman was Seattle-based businessman Barry Ackerley. Barry Ackerley and his immediate family owned approximately 82% of the company stock at the time of the sale. Stations list (incomplete) Stations are arranged in alphabetical order by state and city of license. Notes: 1 Divested following purchase of KION, Ackerley continued to operate station after divestiture until the merger with Clear Channel in 2002. 2 Operated by Ackerley from 1994 until purchased outright by Ackerley in 2000. 3 Ackerley never owned this station directly but did operate it through a time brokerage agreement from 2000 until the merger with Clear Channel in 2002. Notes Defunct broadcasting companies of the United States IHeartMedia Defunct companies based in Seattle Mass media companies established in 1975 1975 establishments in Washington (state) Mass media companies disestablished in 2002 2002 disestablishments in Washington (state) 2002 mergers and acquisitions

8474963

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Love%20for%20Three%20Oranges%20%28fairy%20tale%29

The Love for Three Oranges (fairy tale)

"The Love for the Three Oranges" or "The Three Citrons" (Neapolitan: Le Tre Cetre) is an Italian literary fairy tale written by Giambattista Basile in the Pentamerone. It is the concluding tale, and the one the heroine of the frame story uses to reveal that an imposter has taken her place. The literary tale by Basile is considered to be the oldest attestation of tale type ATU 408, "The Three Oranges", of the international Aarne-Thompson-Uther Index. However, variants are recorded from oral tradition among European Mediterranean countries, in the Middle East and Turkey, as well as across Iran and India. Summary A king, who only had one son, anxiously waited for him to marry. One day, the prince cut his finger; his blood fell on white cheese. The prince declared that he would only marry a woman as white as the cheese and as red as the blood, so he set out to find her. The prince wandered the lands until he came to the Island of Ogresses, where two little old women each told him that he could find what he sought here, if he went on, and the third gave him three citrons, with a warning not to cut them until he came to a fountain. A fairy would fly out of each, and he had to give her water at once. He returned home, and by the fountain, he was not quick enough for the first two, but was for the third. The woman was red and white, and the prince wanted to fetch her home properly, with suitable clothing and servants. He had her hide in a tree. A black slave, coming to fetch water, saw her reflection in the water, and thought it was her own and that she was too pretty to fetch water. She refused, and her mistress beat her until she fled. The fairy laughed at her in the garden, and the slave noticed her. She asked her story and on hearing it, offered to arrange her hair for the prince. When the fairy agreed, she stuck a pin into her head, and the fairy only escaped by turning into a bird. When the prince returned, the slave claimed that wicked magic had transformed her. The prince and his parents prepared for the wedding. The bird flew to the kitchen and asked after the cooking. The lady ordered it be cooked, and it was caught and cooked, but the cook threw the water it had been scalded in, into the garden, where a citron tree grew in three days. The prince saw the citrons, took them to his room, and dealt with them as the last three, getting back his bride. She told him what had happened. He brought her to a feast and demanded of everyone what should be done to anyone who would harm her. Various people said various things; the slave said she should be burned, and so the prince had the slave burned. Analysis Tale type The tale is classified in the international Aarne-Thompson-Uther Index as tale type ATU 408, "The Three Oranges", and is the oldest known variant of this tale. Scholarship point that the Italian version is the original appearance of the tale, with later variants appearing in French, such as the one by Le Chevalier de Mailly (Incarnat, blanc et noir (fr)). In an article in Enzyklopädie des Märchens, scholar Christine Shojaei Kawan separated the tale type into six sections, and stated that parts 3 to 5 represented the "core" of the story: (1) A prince is cursed by an old woman to seek the fruit princess; (2) The prince finds helpers that guide him to the princess's location; (3) The prince finds the fruits (usually three), releases the maidens inside, but only the third survives; (4) The prince leaves the princess up a tree near a spring or stream, and a slave or servant sees the princess's reflection in the water; (5) The slave or servant replaces the princess (transformation sequence); (6) The fruit princess and the prince reunite, and the false bride is punished. Motifs The maiden's appearance According to the tale description in the international index, the maiden may appear out of the titular citrus fruits, like oranges and lemons. However, she may also come out of pomegranates or other species of fruits, and even eggs. In de Mailly's version, the fruits the girls are trapped in are apples. While analysing the imagery of the golden apples in Balkanic fairy tales, researcher Milena Benovska-Sabkova took notice that the fairy maiden springs out of golden apples in these variants, fruits that are interpreted as having generative properties. According to Walter Anderson's unpublished manuscript, variants with eggs instead of fruits appear in Southeastern Europe. The water motif In an article discussing the Maltese variants of the tale type, Maltese linguist George Mifsud Chircop drew attention to the water motif and its symbolism: the parents of the prince build a fountain for the people; when the maiden is released from the fruit she asks for food and water; the false bride mistakes the fruit maiden's visage for her own reflection in the water; the maiden is thrown in the water (well) and becomes a fish. Folklorist Christine Goldberg also noted that water motif present in the tale type: the fountain built at the beginning of the story; the release of the fruit maiden near a body of water, and the prince leaving the maiden on a tree near a water source (well or stream). She also remarked that the fountain motif is "echoed" by the well. The transformations and the false bride The tale type is characterized by the substitution of the fairy wife for a false bride. The usual occurrence is when the false bride (a witch or a slave) sticks a magical pin into the maiden's head or hair and she becomes a dove. In some tales, the fruit maiden regains her human form and must bribe the false bride for three nights with her beloved. In other variants, the maiden goes through a series of transformations after her liberation from the fruit and regains a physical body. In that regard, according to Christine Shojaei-Kawan's article, Christine Goldberg divided the tale type into two forms. In the first subtype, indexed as AaTh 408A, the fruit maiden suffers the cycle of metamorphosis (fish-tree-human) - a motif Goldberg locates "from the Middle East to Italy and France". In the second subtype, AaTh 408B, the girl is transformed into a dove by the needle. Separated from her husband, she goes to the palace (alone or with other maidens) to tell tales to the king. She shares her story with the audience and is recognized by him. Parallels The series of transformations attested in these variants (from animal to tree to tree splinter or back into the fruit whence she came originally) has been compared to a similar motif in the Ancient Egyptian story of The Tale of Two Brothers. This cycle of transformations also appears in Iranian tales, specially "The Girl of Naranj and Toranj". Based on the Iranian tales, Iranian scholarship suggests that these traits seem to recall an Iranian deity of vegetation. Variants Origins Scholar Linda Dégh suggested a common origin for tale types ATU 403 ("The Black and the White Bride"), ATU 408 ("The Three Oranges"), ATU 425 ("The Search for the Lost Husband"), ATU 706 ("The Maiden Without Hands") and ATU 707 ("The Three Golden Sons"), since "their variants cross each other constantly and because their blendings are more common than their keeping to their separate type outlines" and even influence each other. European origin According to Christina Mazzoni, the geographic distribution of the citrus fruit (or citron) in warm weather, its association with the tale type, and the popularity of the story across the European Mediterranean and the Middle East "led to the assumption" of its possible origin in Southern Europe. Scholar Jack Zipes suggests that the story "may have originated" in Italy, with later diffusion to the rest of Southern Europe and into the Orient. Similarly, Stith Thompson tentatively concluded on an Italian origin, based on the distribution of the variants - a position also favoured by Italo Calvino. Eastern origin Richard McGillivray Dawkins, on the notes on his book on Modern Greek Folktales in Asia Minor, suggested a Levantine origin for the tale, since even Portuguese variants retain an Eastern flavor. According to his unpublished manuscript on the tale type, Walter Anderson concluded that the tale originated in Persia. The tale type then migrated through two different routes: one to the East, to India, and another to the West, to the Middle East and to the Mediterranean. Scholar Christine Goldberg, in her monograph, concluded that the tale type emerged as an amalgamation of motifs from other types, integrated into a cohesive whole. In another article, she suggested an East to West direction for the diffusion of the tale. Distribution 19th century Portuguese folklorist Consiglieri Pedroso stated that the tale was "familiar to the South of Europe". In the same vein, German philologist Bernhard Schmidt located variants in Wallachia, Hungary, Italy and Sicily. In the 20th century, folklorist Stith Thompson suggested the tale had a regular occurrence in the Mediterranean Area, distributed along Italy, Greece, Spain and Portugal. French folklorist Paul Delarue, in turn, asserted that the highest number of variants are to be found in Turkey, Greece, Italy and Spain. Italian scholars complement their analyses: philologist noted its "large diffusion" in Italy, as well as across the Mediterranean Basin. Other scholars recognize that it is a "very popular tale", but it appears "almost exclusively" in Southern and Southeastern Europe. In addition, Milena Benovska-Sabkova and Walter Puchner state its wide diffusion in the Balkans. Further scholarly research points that variants exist in Austrian, Ukrainian and Japanese traditions. In fact, according to Spanish scholar Carme Oriol, the tale type is "well known" in Asia, even in China and Korea. The tale type is also found in Africa and in America. Europe Italy The "Istituto centrale per i beni sonori ed audiovisivi" ("Central Institute of Sound and Audiovisual Heritage") promoted research and registration throughout the Italian territory between the years 1968–1969 and 1972. In 1975 the Institute published a catalog edited by and Liliana Serafini reported 58 variants of type 408 across Italian sources, under the name Le Tre Melarance. In fact, this country holds the highest number of variants, according to scholarship. Italo Calvino included a variant The Love of the Three Pomegranates, an Abruzzese version known too as As White as Milk, As Red as Blood but noted that he could have selected from forty different Italian versions, with a wide array of fruit. For instance, the version The Three Lemons, published in The Golden Rod Fairy Book and Vom reichen Grafensohne ("The Rich Count's Son"), where the fruits are Pomeranzen (bitter oranges). In a Sicilian variant, collected by Laura Gonzenbach, Die Schöne mit den sieben Schleiern ("The Beauty with Seven Veils"), a prince is cursed by an ogress to search high and low for "the beauty with seven veils", and not rest until he finds her. The prince meets three hermits, who point him to a garden protected by lions and a giant, In this garden, there lies three coffers, each one holding a veiled maiden inside. The prince releases the maiden, but leaves her by a tree and returns to his castle. He kisses his mother and forgets his bride. One year later, he remembers the veiled maiden and goes back to her. When he sights her, he finds "an ugly woman". The maiden was transformed into a dove. Laura Gonzenbach also commented that the tale differs from the usual variants, wherein the maiden appears out of a fruit, like an orange, a citron or an apple. Spain North American folklorist Ralph Steele Boggs (de) stated that the tale type was very popular in Spain, being found in Andalusia, Asturias, Extremadura, New and Old Castile. According to Spanish folklorist Julio Camarena (es), the tale type, also known as La negra y la paloma ("The Black Woman and the Dove"), was one of the "more common" (más usuales) types found in the Province of Ciudad Real. Portugal According to the Portuguese Folktale Catalogue by scholars Isabel Cárdigos and Paulo Jorge Correia, tale type 408 is reported in Portugal with the title As Três Cidras do Amor ("The Three Citrons of Love"), wherein the maidens appear out of citrons and, alternatively, from oranges, lemons, eggs and nuts. Northern Europe Author Klara Stroebe published a Northern European variant, from Norway. According to Reidar Thoralf Christiansen, the tale was an "importation", whose source was a hawkerwoman from Kristiania. The tale is listed as the single attestation of tale type 408, Tre sitroner ("The Three Oranges"), according to 's The Types of the Norwegian Folktale. In the singular tale, the heroine is a naked princess transformed into a lemon, and when the false bride replaces her, she undergoes a transformation into a silver fish and a linden tree. According to the Latvian Folktale Catalogue, the tale type is also registered in Latvia, with the title Trīs apelsīni ("Three Oranges"): the hero gains three oranges and releases the fruit maiden from the third one; another woman replaces her and turns her into a fish or dove. Slovakia Variants also exist in Slovakian compilations, with the fruits being changed for reeds, apples or eggs. Scholarship points that the versions where the maidens come out of eggs are due to Ukrainian influence, and these tales have been collected around the border. The country is also considered by scholarship to be the "northern extension" of the tale type in Europe. A Slovak variant was collected from Jano Urda Králik, a 78-year-old man from Málinca (Novohrad) and published by linguist Samuel Czambel (sk). In this tale, titled Zlatá dievka z vajca ("The Golden Woman from the Egg"), in "Britain", a prince named Senpeter wants to marry a woman so exceptional she cannot be found "in the sun, in the moon, in the wind or under the sky". He meets an old woman who directs him to her sister. The old woman's sister points him to a willow tree, under which a hen with three eggs that must be caught at 12 o'clock if one wants to find a wife. After, they must go to an inn and order a hearty meal for the egg maiden, otherwise she will die. The prince opens the first two eggs in front of the banquet, but the maiden notices some dishes missing and perishes. With the third egg maiden, she survives. After the meal, the prince rests under a tree while the golden maiden from the egg walks about. She asks the innkeeper's old maid about a well, where the old maid shoves her into and she becomes a goldfish. The prince wakes up and thinks the old maid as his bride. However, the prince's companion notices it is not her, but refrains from telling the truth. They marry and a son is born to the couple. Some time later, the old king wishes for a drink of that well, and sends the prince's companion to fetch it. The companion grabs a bucket of water with the goldfish inside. He brings the goldfish to the palace, but the old maid throws the fish into the fire. A fish scale survives and lodges between the boards of the companion's hut. He cleans up the hut and throws the trash in a pile of manure. A golden pear tree sprouts, which the false princess recognizes as the true egg princess. She orders the tree to be burnt down, but a shard remains and a cross is made out of it. An old lady who was praying in church finds the cross and takes it home. The cross begins to talk and the old lady gives it some food, and the golden maiden from the egg regains human form. They begin to live together and the golden maiden finds work at a factory. The prince visits the factory and asks her story, which she does not divulge. He returns the next day to talk to her and, through her tale, pieces the truth together. At last, he executes the false bride and marries the golden maiden from the egg. Slovenia In a Slovenian variant named The Three Citrons, first collected by author Karel Jaromír Erben, the prince is helped by a character named Jezibaba (an alternative spelling of Baba Yaga). At the end of the tale, the prince restores his fairy bride and orders the execution of both the false bride and the old grandmother who told the king about the three citrons. Walter William Strickland interpreted the tale under a mythological lens and suggested it as part of a larger solar myth. Parker Fillmore published a very similar version and sourced his as "Czechoslovak". Croatia In a Croatian variant from Varaždin, Devojka postala iz pomaranče ("The Maiden out of the Pomerances"), the prince already knows of the magical fruits that open and release a princess. A Croatian storyteller from near Daruvar provided a variant of the tale type, collected in the 1970s. Ukraine Professor Nikolai P. Andrejev noted that the tale type 408, "Любовь к трем апельсинам" or "The Love for Three Oranges", showed 7 variants in Ukraine. The tale type is also thought by scholarship to not exist either in the Russian or Belarusian tale corpus, since the East Slavic Folktale Catalogue, last updated in 1979 by , only registers Ukrainian variants. In a Ukrainian Carpathian variant titled A gazdag földesúr fia, the son of a rich nobleman wants to discover the world and leaves home. He finds work with an old woman and is paid with three eggs after three years' time. The youth opens each egg, each containing a maiden inside, the last of which he gives water to. The silver-haired egg maiden is replaced by a gypsy woman and goes through a cycle of transformations: goldfish, tree (sprouted from the fish scales), bedposts and a dove (when the bedposts are burnt). She regains her human form, is adopted by an old woman at the edge of the village. One day, she conceals her silver hair and goes to the castle with other women to work and sing, and reveals her tale. Poland In a Polish variant from Dobrzyń Land, Królówna z jajka ("The Princess [born] out of an egg"), a king sends his son on a quest to marry a princess born out of an egg. He finds a witch who sells him a pack of 15 eggs and tells him that if any egg cries out for a drink, the prince should give them immediately. He returns home. On the way, every egg screams for water, but he fails to fulfill their request. Near his castle, he drops the last egg on water and a maiden comes out of it. He goes back to the castle to find some clothes for her. Meanwhile, the witch appears and transforms the maiden into a wild duck. The prince returns and notices the "maiden"'s appearance. They soon marry. Some time later, the gardener sees a golden-feathered duck in the lake, which the prince wants for himself. While the prince is away, the false queen orders the cook to roast the duck and to get rid of its blood somewhere in the garden. An apple tree with seven blood red apples sprouts on its place. The prince returns and asks for the duck, but is informed of its fate. When strolling in the garden, he notices a sweet smell coming from the apple tree. He orders a fence to be built around the tree. After he goes on a trip again, the false queen orders the apples to be eaten and the tree to be felled down and burned. A few wood chips remain in the yard. An old woman grabs hold of them to make a fire, but one of the woodchips keeps jumping out of the fire. She decides to bring it home with her. When the old lady goes out to buy bread, the egg princess comes out of the woodchip to clean the house and returns to that form before the old lady comes home at night. This happens for two days. On the third day, the old lady discovers the egg maiden and thanks her. They live together, the egg maiden now permanently in human form, and the prince, feeling sad, decides to invite the old ladies do regale him with tales. The egg maiden asks for the old lady for some clothes so she can take part in the gathering. Once there, she begins to tell her tale, which the false queen listens to. Frightened, she orders the egg maiden to be seized, but the prince recognizes her as his true bride and executes the false queen. Polish ethnographer Stanisław Ciszewski (pl) collected another Polish variant, from Smardzowice, with the name O pannie, wylęgniętej z jajka ("About the girl hatched from an egg"). In this story, a king wants his son to marry a woman who is hatched from an egg. Seeking such a lady, the prince meets an old man who gives him an egg and tells him to drop it in a pool in the forest and wait for a maiden to come out of it. He does as he is told, but becomes impatient and breaks open the egg still in the water. The maiden inside dies. He goes back to the old man, who gives him another egg and tells him to wait patiently. This time a maiden is born out of the egg. The prince covers her with his cloak takes her on his horse back to his kingdom. He leaves the egg girl near a plantation and goes back to the palace to get her some clothes. A nearby reaper maid sees the egg girl and drowns her, replacing her as the prince's bride. The egg maiden becomes a goldfish which the false queen recognizes and orders to be caught to make a meal out of it. The scales are thrown out and an apple tree sprouts on the spot. The false bride orders the tree to be cut down. Before the woodcutter fulfills the order, the apple tree agrees to be cut down, but requests that someone take her woodchips home. They are taken by the bailiff. Whenever she goes out and returns home, the entire house is spotless, like magic. The mystery of the situation draws the attention of the people and the prince, who visits the old lady's house. He sees a woman going to fetch water and stops her. She becomes a snake to slither away, but the man still holds on to her. She becomes human again and the man recognizes her as the egg maiden. He takes her home and the false bride drops dead when she sees her. Germany According to German scholar Kurt Ranke, the tale type registers seven German variants. Ranke also published a tale collected from a German source in Slovakia. In this tale, titled The Girl Out of the Egg, an unmarried lad dislikes the girls at his village and goes to look for one elsewhere. One time, when he is feeling hungry, he fetches three eggs from a nest and plans to eat them. When the breaks open the first one, a girl appears asking for water, but since he has none with him, she vanishes. The same thing happens to the second egg. When he cracks open the third one, he gives her water and leaves her to sit by a well, while he goes home to bring a carriage for her. When the departs, a witch and her gypsy daughter appear and steal the egg maiden's clothes, and she jumps in the well, changing herself into a fish. The gypsy girl passes herself off as the egg maiden, despite her ugliness, and lies that, if she eats the fish in the well, it will restore her beauty. The fish is killed and its bones are thrown away in the next farm, where a duck eats them and golden feathers grow on it. A woman in the farm plucks the duck and places the feathers in a pot. Soon, she discovers the egg maiden comes out of the feathers to eat a meal in her house, and delivers her from this from. Some time later, the egg maiden decides to go to the lad's house, where women and girls are stripping quills every day, in a shabby disguise. At the lad's house, the youth bids them tell stories, and the egg maiden, in disguise, tells hers. The lad recognizes her as his true bride, and tricks the gypsy girl's mother into pronouncing her own death sentence and her daughter's. Greece Scholars Anna Angelopoulou and Aigle Broskou, editors of the Greek Folktale Catalogue, stated that tale type 408 is "common" in Greece, with 85 variants recorded. According to Walter Puchner, Greek variants of the tale type amount to 99 tales, some with contamination with type 403A. Austrian consul Johann Georg von Hahn collected a variant from Asia Minor titled Die Zederzitrone. The usual story happens, but, when the false bride pushed the fruit maiden into the water, she turned into a fish. The false bride then insisted she must eat the fish; when the fish was gutted, three drops of blood fell to the floor and from them sprouted a cypress. The false bride then realized the cypress was the true bride and asked the prince to chop down the tree and burn it, making some tea with its ashes. When the pyre was burning, a splinter of the cypress got lodged in an old lady's apron. When the old lady left home for a few hours, the maiden appeared from the splinter and swept the house during the old woman's absence. Von Hahn remarked that this transformation sequence was very similar to one in a Wallachian variant of The Boys with the Golden Stars. Romania Writer and folklorist Cristea Sandu Timoc noted that Romanian variants of the tale type were found in Southern Romania, where the type was also known as Fata din Dafin ("The Bay-Tree Maiden"). In a Romanian variant collected by Arthur and Albert Schott from the Banat region, Die Ungeborene, Niegesehene ("The Not-Born, Never Seen [Woman]"), a farmer couple prays to God for a son. He is born. Whenever he cries, his mother rocks his sleep by saying he will marry "a woman that was not born nor any man has ever seen". When he comes of age, he decides to seek her. He meets Mother Midweek (Wednesday), Mother Friday and Mother Sunday. They each give him a golden apple and tell him to go near a water source and wait until a maiden appears; she will ask for a drink of water and after he must give her the apple. He fails the first two times, but meets a third maiden; he asks her to wait on top of a tree until he returns with some clothes. Some time later, a "gypsy girl" comes and sees the girl. She puts a magic pin on her hair and turns her into a dove. In another Romanian variant, Cele trei rodii aurite ("The Three Golden Pomegranates"), the prince is cursed by a witch to never marry until he finds the three golden pomegranates. Bulgaria The tale type is also present in Bulgaria, with the name "Неродената мома" or "Неродена мома" or Das ungeborene Mädchen ("The Maiden That Was Never Born"), with 21 variants registered. A later study gives a higher number of 39 variants in archival version. According to the Bulgarian Folktale Catalogue by Liliana Daskalova-Perkovska, the girls may appear out of apples, watermelons or cucumbers, and become either a fish or a bird. Cyprus At least one variant from Cyprus, from the "Folklore Archive of the Cyprus Research Centre", shows a merger between tale type ATU 408 with ATU 310, "The Maiden in the Tower" (Rapunzel). Malta Maltese linguist George Mifsud Chircop stated that the story ‘is-seba’ trongiet mewwija’ is popular in Malta and Gozo. In a variant from Malta, Die sieben krummen Zitronen ("The Seven Crooked Lemons"), a prince is cursed by a witch to find the "seven crooked lemons". On an old man's advice, he grooms an old hermit, who directs him to another witch's garden. There, he finds the seven lemons, who each release a princess. Every princess asks for food, drink and garments before they disappear, but the prince helps only the last one. He asks her to wait atop a tree, but a Turkish woman comes and turns her into a dove. In a Maltese variant collected by researcher with the title Die sieben verdrehten Sachen ("The Seven Crooked Things"), a king promises to build a fountain of some liquid for the poor if he is blessed with a son. His prayers are answered. The prince grows up and scares an old woman who has come to the fountain. The old woman curses him to burn with love and never rest until he finds "The Seven Crooked Things". The prince travels high and low until he meets a Turkish bakerwoman who gives the prince seven fruits that look like dry nuts. Yiddish In a Yiddish folktale from Russia, The Princess of the Third Pumpkin, an old woman tells the royal couple and the prince to seek a garden with three pumpkins. The prince goes to this garden, gets the gourds and opens each one; a maiden coming out of each one. Only the third is given water. The prince makes her wait while he goes back to the castle. A "gypsy woman" appears, shoves the pumpkin girl into a well and replaces her as the prince's beloved. Meanwhile, the girl becomes a fish in the well, is killed, and its scales are used into a pair of shoes. The old woman sees that the girl comes out of the fish scales to clean her house. Caucasus Region Azerbaijan In an Azeri tale, "Девушка из граната" ("The Girl from the Pomegranate"), a prince dreams of a maiden in a pomegranate. He decides to seek her out. He visits three dev mothers, who indicate the way to the garden. He takes the three pomegranates and leaves the garden. The first two fruits yield nothing, but the third releases the maiden. He asks the girl to wait nearby a tree, while he goes back to the kingdom. A slave girl sees the maiden, shoves her down the well and replaces her. The girl becomes a rosebush, a platane tree and a tree splinter. The splinter is found by a man and brought to his home. The fruit maiden comes out of the splinter to do household chores and is discovered by the man. One day, the prince summons all women to his yard for them to tell him stories, and the fruit maiden sings about her story while weaving and counting pearls. The compiler sourced the tale from an informant in Nakhkray (Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic). In another Azeri tale collected from Nakhkray with the title "Женщина, вышедшая из камыша" ("The Wife from the Reeds"), a king has a son. One day, the prince tells his father he had a dream he would marry a woman from the djinns, and decides to look for her. He consults with an old woman in the city, and the old woman advises him to take provisions for a seven-month journey, ride all the way to the west, where he will meet a div with a blister on his leg; the prince is to pierce the blister, hide and wait for the div to swear on his own mother's blood not harm his helper. The prince heeds her words and jorneys west to meet the div; he pierces the leg blister, and the div wakes up in pain. The div swears on his mother's name not to harm the person, and the prince presents himself and explains the reason for his journey. The div then directs him to a river with three reeds, where he is to cut one and only open it at home, not on the way. The prince follows the div's advice, but, nearing his home, he cuts open the reed: a beautiful girl comes out of it, but admonishes him for disobeying the div's orders. Still, the prince is enchanted with the girl and helps her climb a plane tree, while he goes back home and bring a retinue to properly welcome her. As he leaves, and time passes, the girl becomes thirsty and sees a black girl coming with some dishes to wash. The girl asks for some water, but the black girl shoves her into the sea and takes her place up the plane tree. The prince comes back and takes the black girl into the palace, thinking her to be the reed girl. As for the reed girl, she becomes a fish that is captured and brought to the prince, and begins to sing to him. The false bride orders the fish to be cooked and that no drop of its blood is to fall on the ground. The cook follows the orders, but the fish's blood drops on the ground and a plane tree sprouts. The tree uses its leaves to caress the prince when he passes by, and the false bride also wants it chopped down. A splinter of the plane tree survives and is taken by an old woman to her house. The reed girl comes out of the splinter to do chores at the old woman's house, but is discovered and adopted by the old woman. Time passes, the reed girl dies, and the old woman, fulfilling her last request, places her body in a tomb. One day, the prince passes by the tomb and hears someone calling for him from within. He returns to the tomb some days later and finds the reed girl, alive. The reed girl tells him her adventures, and says the black girl has a key around her neck, which is to be returned to the reed girl. The prince returns the key to the reed girl, punishes the false bride and marries her. Georgia In a Georgian variant translated into Hungarian with the title Az uborkalány ("The Cucumber Girl"), an old woman curses a prince to not rest until he finds the cucumber girl. He travels to another kingdom and steals a cucumber from a royal garden. When he cuts open the vegetable, a girl appears. He takes her to the border of his kingdom and goes to the castle, but the girl from the cucumber warns him against it. An Arab girl appears, trades clothes with her and throws the maiden in the well. The cucumber girl goes through a cycle of transformations (goldfish, then a silver tree, then tree splinter, and human again). She appears out of the tree splinter to clean an old woman's house, and goes to the castle with other woman to tell stories to the prince. The cucumber girl tells her tale and the prince notices the deception. In another Georgian tale, The Reed Lady, the king's son goes after a bride for himself and finds three reeds in the sea. He takes them back to his kingdom, releases a "reed lady". Eventually, an Arab woman throws her in the water and replaces her as the king's son's bride. The reed lady goes through a cycle of reincarnations (fish to tree to human), and the Arab woman orders her rival's form to be destroyed in order to hide her crime, but the reed lady survives in the shape of a tree chip brought home by an old lady. The reed lady comes out of the chip and performs chores for the old lady, who discovers her and adopts her. The reed lady eventually goes to a gathering to tell her story, through which the king's son recognizes her and punishes the Arab woman. Armenia In an Armenian tale titled "Сказка о небывалом огурце" ("The Tale of the Fantastic Cucumber"), translated as The Extraordinary Cucumber, a large cucumber appears in a man's garden, who sells it to the prince, with a piece of advice: take the vegetable and keep walking until he reaches a sycamore, but do not look back. The prince heeds the man's words and hears voices telling him to look behind him, but he presses on until he reaches a plane tree. He then takes a knife to cut open the cucumber, and out comes a beautiful golden-haired maiden. He falls in love with her on the spot and guides her up the plane tree, where she is to wait until he returns for her. He goes back to the palace, leaving the maiden unprotected: an old woman sees the girl's shadow in a spring behind the tree and tries to convince the girl to come down, but she refuses. The old woman then transforms the girl into a bird, changes her shape into the girl and tricks the prince. Later, the girl, as bird, flies over the prince and his friends, but the prince snaps its neck and throws it in a garden. On its place, a mulberry tree sprouts, which the garden's owner chops down, but a large splinter the size of a spoon flies over to a poor woman's yard. The poor woman finds the spoon and brings it home; when she leaves, the cucumber maiden comes out of the spoon, cleans the house and prepares the food, then turns back into the spoon. The poor woman discovers her presence and adopts her as her daughter. Later, the king orders that every house is care for and feed one of the king's horses. In the poor woman's house, the cucumber maiden feeds and grooms the horse; the prince comes to fetch the horse and sees the poor woman's daughter, which he notices is a lookalike of the cucumber girl. The next day, the prince orders that one person from every household shall come to the palace to comb wool. The cucumber maiden goes with the others and they finish the task. The prince then offers a reward, and the maiden asks for a ripe pomegranate, a little doll and a sharp razor. Despite the strangeness of the request, the prince produces the objects, which the maiden takes with her to a deserted road. The cucumber maiden then begins to tell her sorrows to the objects: the pomegranate bursts in response to her story, the doll dances and the razor greatly sharpens, but before she does anything, the prince finds her and takes her to the palace. He punishes the sorceress and marries the true cucumber maiden. Author A. G. Seklemian published an Armenian tale titled Reed-Maid. In this tale, a king insists his unmarried son finds a wife, and the prince retorts that he will only marry a maiden "not begotten of father and mother". Pondering on the words, the king travels far and wide, asking people if they know of such a maiden. A hermit tells the king about a river in a forest where reeds grow near the shore. The king is to choose the best looking one and cut it off with a golden pocket-knife. The king follows the hermit's instructions, finds a reed and releases a beautiful maiden for his son. He leaves the girl, named Reed-maid, atop a tree, while he goes to fetch maidservants and clothes for her. As the king departs, a gypsy girl from a nearby gypsy camp sees the Reed-maid and wants to take her place: she shoves the reed maiden inside the river and waits for the king's arrival. When the monarch arrives, he finds that his prospective daughter-in-law has changed appearance, but falls for the false reed-girl's excuses. The false bride claims to the prince she is the reed maiden his father procured, but he does not believe her. As for the true maiden, she goes through a cycle of reincarnations: on the spot she was drowned, a silver fish with gold fins appears, which the gypsy woman orders to be cooked; one of the fish bones remains and is discarded in the garden, where a beautiful tree sprouts; the gypsy orders the tree to be felled and burnt, but a chip survives and is flung off to the cabin of a poor old woman, which she takes as a pot lid. The next days, when the old woman leaves, the reed maiden gets out of the chip to do chores and returns to that form after. The old woman finds out who is doing chores at her house and adopts the reed-maid as her daughter, who says she cannot reveal her origins yet. Later, the old woman sells embroideries sewn by the reed-maid, which the prince notices to be very beautiful and demands to know its maker. The old woman consults with the reed-maid, who tells her to invite them to the cabin for a meal. It is done as the reed-maid requests, and the prince, his father and the false bride attend the occasion. After the meal, the king suggests the maiden regales them with a story, which she agrees to do: she places a dry grapevine and a dove prepared to be cooked on the table, then claims that, if her story is true, the vine will yield fresh grapes and the dove will be cooked without fire. The reed-maiden then narrates the tale of the king who searched for a wife for his son, and, when she finishes, the vine yields fresh fruits and the dove is cooked, confirming her identity as the true reed-maid. The gypsy is then executed. Ossetia In an Ossetian tale titled "Сказка о нерождённой" ("Tale of the Unborn One"), a malik and his wife have a son, and die some time later. One day, a kulbadagus's daughter brings ten pots in her hands to fetch some water from a fountain in the malik's property, and the malik's son, who is practicing his archery skills, shoots arrows and breaks the pots. The kulbadagus's daughter returns to her mother and complains about it, and she says the next time the malik's son shoots his arrows at her, curse him to seek for his wife a girl no mother has given birth to. It happens thus, and the malik's son becomes obsessed with finding this mysterious girl. He journeys far and wide, and meets with other kulbagadus in his quest, until he gets the first clue about such a girl: such girls live in the bottom of the sea, where there are three trees. The malik's son, joined by a hound, dives to the bottom of the sea, cuts down the middle tree and brings it with him. He journeys back to a female kulbadagus who wishes to have him for son-in-law, and her daughter keeps pestering the youth with questions about the tree trunk he brought with him. Annoyed at her growing insistence, the malik's son chops down the trunk and a golden-haired maiden steps out of it. The female kulbadagus's daughter marvels at the tree maiden's beauty and convinces the youth to go back home and bring musicians and a retinue for his soon-to-be bride. As he departs, the female kulbadagus's daughter strips the tree maiden, cuts her hair and shoves her in the water, then takes her place by putting on the clothes and the hair. As for the tree maiden, she becomes a goldfish when she falls into the water, and is later killed to be prepared for a meal for the false bride. With the help of a poor old woman in the village, the tree maiden, as the fish, asks her to fetch a few drops of her blood in an apron and bury it near the malik's son's house. The old woman follows her instructions and, out of the drops of blood, spring two apple trees bearing golden fruits. The false wife orders the trees to be made into firewood, and they are promptly chopped down. However, a splinter remains and falls into the poor woman's house. The tree maiden comes out of the splinter to sweep the house and prepare the food and is discovered by the old woman, who adopts her. Later, the tree maiden uses her magic powers to create a large house for the poor woman, and bids her invites the malik's son and his wife there. After three times, the malik's son goes to the poor woman's house for a meal, and the tree maiden tells her life story. The malik's son recognizes her and punishes the false wife. Asia The tale is said to be "very popular in the Orient". Scholar Ulrich Marzolph remarked that the tale type AT 408 was one of "the most frequently encountered tales in Arab oral tradition", albeit missing from The Arabian Nights compilation. Middle East Scholar Hasan El-Shamy lists 21 variants of the tale type across Middle Eastern and North African sources, grouped under the banner The Three Oranges (or Sweet-Lemons). Variants have been collected from Palestine (jrefiyye, or 'magic tale' titled Las muchachas de las toronjas, or "The Girls from the Toranjs"), and Lebanon (with the title Die drei Orangen, or "The Three Oranges"). Syria In a Syrian tale collected by Uwe Kuhr with the title Drei Zitronen ("Three Lemons"), a prince has a dream about a maiden, and desires to marry her. He rides to the beach and embarks on a ship to another country. In this land, he meets a woman tearing leaves from a tree, and she explains every leaf is the life of one that dies. The woman directs him to her sister. The prince meets a second old woman who is sewing clothes and whenever she finishes a person is born. The second old woman gives the prince three lemons and tells him to open each one. The prince makes the journey back and cuts open the first two: a maiden springs out of each one, but disappears soon after. Finally, the prince comes near his father's palace and cuts open the last lemon: a maiden comes out to whom the prince gives water. The prince asks her to climb a tree and wait for him. As he leaves, an ugly servant comes out of the palace to wash the king's clothes, sees the lemon girl's reflection in the water, and turns her into a brown-feathered bird, taking her place on the tree. The servant passes herself as the lemon girl, and marries the prince. The brown-feathered bird flies to the prince's window, and the false bride wrings its neck. The bird's blood drops to the ground and three lemon trees sprout. The prince orders the trees to be fenced in until their lemons are ripe. At the end of the tale, the prince takes the lemons to his chambers, cuts open the third one and the lemon girl appears to him. He notices the deception and kills the false bride. Iran According to a study by Russian scholar Vladimir Minorsky, the tale type appears in Iran as Nâranj o Toronj, wherein the prince searches for the "Orange (Pomegranate) Princess". Later, German scholar , in his catalogue of Persian folktales (published in 1984), located 23 variants of the tale type in Iran, which is listed as Die Orangenprinzessin ("The Orange Princess"). In these tales, the fruit maidens appear out of apples, pomegranates, bitter oranges, or some other type of fruit from a tree guarded by evil creatures (in some tales, the divs). The fruit maidens also go through a death and rebirth cycle. Author Katherine Pyle published the tale The Three Silver Citrons and sourced it as a Persian tale. In this story, a dying king begs his three sons to look for wives. The two elders ride on a road and see a passing beggar. The man begs for food other than black bread, but the two princes refuse to give him. They find normal wives for themselves. The third prince meets the same beggar man and gives him some food. In return, he is gifted with a magical pipe that summon little black "trolls" as helpers. The prince asks the trolls where he can find the loveliest princess in the world, and the small creatures take him there. They reach a castle the prince enters alone; in a chamber, he meets three maidens that, frightened by his presence, become three silver citrons. The prince takes all three fruits and leaves the castle. Another Persian variant, The Orange and Citron Princess, was collected by Emily Lorimer and David Lockhart Robertson Lorimer, from Kermani. In this tale, the hero receives the blessing of a mullah, who mentions the titular princess as "The Daughter of the Orange and the Golden Citron". The hero's mother advises against her son's quest for the maiden, because it would lead to his death. The tale is different in that there is only one princess, instead of the usual three. In an Iranian tale collected by orientalist Arthur Christensen with the title Goldapfelsins Tochter ("The Golden Orange Daughter"), a king promises to build a fountain of honey and butter that the poor can collect if his son's health improves. It so happens. One day, a poor old woman comes to the fountain to get some butter and honey, but the prince frightens the woman by playing a prank on her: he shoots an arrow at an egg she is carrying. The old woman curses the prince to fall in love and to seek the Golden Orange Daughter. The prince's curiosity is piqued and he asks the old woman where he can find her. The old woman answers that in the country of peris and devs, an orange tree holds fruits with a young woman inside. The prince takes seven oranges from a garden guarded by Divs. he cuts open the first six fruits; a maiden appears out of it, asking for bread and water, but, since the prince is on the road and far from any city, she dies. The seventh maiden is given bread and water, but appears in black garments - she explains to the prince she is mourning for the other maidens, her sisters. A black maidservant kills the orange maiden and takes her place, while she becomes a lovely little bush, from which she exits to act as the mysterious housekeeper for an old washerwoman. Later, the orange maiden, named Nänä Gâzor, and other women are invited to the castle to tell stories and work. Another "very famous" Iranian tale is Dokhtar-e Naranj va Toranj ("The Daughter of the Orange and the Bergamot"), which largely follows the tale sequence, as described in the international index: a childless king promises to build a fountain for the poor. The prince is born and humiliates an old woman, who curses him to burn with love for a fruit maiden. This fabled girl can only be found in a garden in a distant land. The prince gets the fruits, opens it near the water and a beautiful girl comes out of it. He leaves the girl near a tree, until an ugly slave comes, kills the fruit maiden and replaces her. The ugly slaves passes herself off as the fruit maiden and marries the prince. However, her rival is still alive: she becomes an orange tree, which the slave wants chopped down and made into furniture. Professor Mahomed-Nuri Osmanovich Osmanov (ru) published an Iranian tale with the title "Померанцевая Дева" ("The Pomerance Girl"). In this tale, the childless padishah promises to build a fountain of honey and butter for the poor. God hears his prayers and a son is born. Twenty years later, when an old woman goes to the fountain to fetch some butter and honey, the prince says it is empty. Disappointed, the old woman tells the prince to look for the titular Pomerance Girl. The girl is the daughter of the Padishah of the Peris, and lives as a fruit in a distant garden, guarded by divs. The prince takes three pomerances and opens each one; out comes a maiden asking for water and bread. Only the third survives because he gives her food and drink. Russian Iranist Alexander Romaskevich (ru) collected another Iranian tale in the Jewish-Iranian dialect of Shiraz with the title "Жена-померанец и злая негритянка" ("The Orange-Wife and the Evil Black Woman"). Iraq Author Inea Bushnaq published an Iraqi variant titled The Maiden of the Tree of Raranj and Taranj. In this tale, a childless king prays to Allah to have a son. The queen does the same: if her prayers are answered, she shall have fat and honey flow through the kingdom. Their prayers are answered, but the queen forgets to fulfill her promise, until the young prince has a dream in which a person tells the boy to remind his mother of her promise. The fountains are built. One day, an old woman fetches some fat and honey in her bowl. From his window, the prince shoots an arrow at the woman's bowl, which breaks apart. The old woman curses the prince to search for the "Maiden of the Tree of Raranj and Taranj", who, the prince learns, is hidden in a tree in a garden watched over by djinns. In an Iraqi tale published by professor B. A. Yaremenko with the title "Раранджа и Транджа" ("Raranja and Tranja"), a childless woman makes a vow to Allah to dig two ditches and fill them with honey and butter for the people. As time passes, her prayers are answered, and she and her husband have a golden-haired son. One day, a very old woman approaches him while he is playing with friends and tells the boy to remind his mother of her promise. The boy returns home and tells his mother about the incident. Afraid something might happen to her son, she hires builders to excavate two ditches and fill it with honey and butter, then invites the people to partake of her offerings. The same old woman takes her jug and goes to fetch some for her, but can only find some remains which she places in her jug. As she walks home, the boy tumbles into her and she drops her jug. In anger, she curses the boy to burn with love for the "raranja and tranja" ('sour lemon and bitter oranges'). The boy then becomes fascinated with such a thing and, years later, decides to look for her. He rides his horse to a crossroads and finds an old man who points him to the right direction. Then, he meets a giant woman working at a mill and making flour; he takes some of the flour and suckles on the giantess's breasts in order to gain her trust. After he explains the reason for his journey, the giantess tries to dissuade him, for the path ahead if full of monsters that guard the "raranja and tranja". Despite her warning, he soldiers on, plucks three fruits and begins hid ride home. Homewards, he hears a voice saying it wants water; the first fruit falls down from his bag into the ground in a rotten state, and so does the second one. When he hears a third time a voice, he rushes to a stream and drops the fruit there, and out comes a golden-haired maiden. He takes her with him next to his home village and leaves her up a tree near a stream, while he looks for some food for her. As he goes away, an old witch appears with some dirty dishes, sees the maiden's reflection in the water, mistakes it for her own reflection, and goes to complain to her mistress. She returns to the maiden on the tree, sticks a needle on her, turning her into a little bird, and takes her place. After the youth returns, the witch passes herself off as the fruit maiden. As for the real one, she flies into her beloved as a bird, but the false bride kills it. In the place where the bird's blood landed, springs a lotus tree (which Yaremenko explains is a wild jujube) of green and gold colour and studded with pearls. The false wife demands the tree be made into a cradle for her unborn child, and it happens so. After the witch places the baby on the cradle, the child cries in pain, and the witch gets rid of the cradle by selling it to a poor woman. At the poor woman's house, the fruit maiden comes out of the cradle to do the dishes and clean the house, and is eventually found out by the poor old woman. The old woman promises to keep her secret. Later, the witch realizes the cradle she sold had pearls in it, buys it back and orders the maidens in the village to come and sew a pearl-studded dress for her. The fruit maiden joins with the other girls in the activity and tells her story while stringing pearls together. The youth realizes she is the true fruit maiden, and takes her with him to his home village. Kurdish people In a Kurdish tale titled The Eggs of the Ancient Tree, a padishah's son goes to a secret garden protected by creatures in order to fetch three eggs from a tree. After he takes three eggs, the tree they were on begins to ring out loud, and he escapes on a horse from the garden. He stops by a tree near a river and breaks each of the eggs: the first two cry out for "bread and water", then disappear. He then breaks the third egg and fulfills its request. A beautiful peri maiden comes out of the egg, who the prince places up a nearby tree while he goes back to the palace to bring the bridal party (berbûk) to welcome her as his bride, and leaves her there. Meanwhile, two old traveling women see the perî's reflection in the water and fight against each other, wanting the beautiful visage for themselves. The perî maiden, watching the scene and pitying the rowing women, says from her location that the reflection is hers, to quell their fighting. The vagabond women sight the perî and one of them climbs up the tree, then tricks the fairy into giving her clothes. After the perî naïvely does so, the vagabond women take the fairy down the tree so they could see their visages in the water, and shove her into the river, and "nature blossomed", with trees and flowers everywhere. One of the women leave, while the other, wearing the perî's clothes, remains. The prince's berbûk arrives, and everyone marvels at the flowers instead of the false bride, who is rude to them. Despite some reservation, the bridal party brings back the false bride and she marries the prince. Soon after, the peri maiden goes through a cycle of reincarnations: the flower the bridal party brought with them falls to the ground and becomes a poplar tree that the false bride wants to be made into a cradle for her baby; later, the false bride orders the cradle to be burnt down. Her orders are carried out. One day, an old woman comes to the palace to borrow some coals, and finds an egg amid the ashes, which she brings home and places in a wooden basket. In her house, after the old woman leaves, the perî comes out of the egg, does the chores, then returns to her previous form. The old woman discovers her and adopts her. Later, the padishah's son gives donkeys to every house to be taken care of, and the woman takes an ugly-looking one per the perî's request. The perî feeds the donkey until it becomes healthy, and the padishah's son orders his soldiers to collect the animals back to the royal stables. To the soldiers' surprise, the lame-looking donkey is indeed healthy, but, at the palace, it sits down and does not move (which it was instructed to do by the perî). The padishah's son wants some explanation, and the old woman says her daughter was the one that cared for the animal, but she will only come if the prince fills the path with featherbeds. After the maiden's request is carried out, the perî comes to the palace in fine clothes and the prince recognizes her. Turkey In the Typen türkischer Volksmärchen ("Turkish Folktale Catalogue"), by Wolfram Eberhard and Pertev Naili Boratav, tale type ATU 408 corresponds to Turkish type TTV 89, "Der drei Zitronen-Mädchen" ("The Three Citron Maidens"). Alternatively, it may also be known as Üç Turunçlar ("Three Citruses" or "Three Sour Oranges"). The Turkish Catalogue registered 40 variants, being the third "most frequent folktale" after types AT 707 and AT 883A. In Turkish variants, the fairy maiden is equated to the peri and, in several variants, manages to escape from the false bride in another form, such as a rose or a cypress. In most of the recorded variants, the fruits are oranges, followed by pomegranates, citrons, and cucumbers in a few of them; then apples, eggs or pumpkins (respectively in one variant each). Hungarian folklorist Ignác Kúnos published a Turkish variant with the title A három narancs-peri, translated into English as The Three Orange-Peris. The tale was also translated as The Orange Fairy in The Fir-Tree Fairy Book. In a Turkish tale collected in the Ankara province with the title The Young Lord and the Cucumber Girl, a young lord takes his horse to drink water from a fountain and the animal accidentally steps on the foot of a witch. For this, she curses the young lord to burn with love for a cucumber girl. He tells his father, the bey, of his longing, and decides to ride away to find this girl. He takes shelter with a man with a long beard and his daughter. Both give instructions to the lord how he can reach the orchard with the cucumbers. He warns them to open the cucumbers near a body of water, lest the girls that come out of will die of thirst. The young lord follows the instructions and gets the cucumbers. On his way back, he opens the first two vegetables in desert places, and the girls die. He reaches a fountain next to the city and cracks open the last cucumber, giving water to the girl. The cucumber girl asks the young lord to hold a 40-day wedding celebration, then return to fetch her, since she will be waiting on top of a poplar tree. After the lord leaves, an ugly woman appears with pitchers and mistakes the image of the cucumber girl for her own reflection, and stops working, breaking the pitchers. Her family chastises her and she goes to the fountain, where she notices the girl on the tree. She convinces the girl to climb down so she would delouse the girl's hair, but she plucks a strand of white hair (the girl's vital spot) and she dies. When she dies, a sesame plant sprouts. The young lord returns and is tricked by the ugly woman, who passes herself off as the cucumber girl. As for the girl, she passes by a cycle of reincarnations: first, into a sesame plant, which is tossed in the fire; then to two pigeons, who are captured and killed; third, to a poplar tree where the birds are buried, which is cut down to make a crib for the woman's child; then to a single chip that is taken by an old woman. The cucumber girl comes out of the wooden chip to clean the woman's house, and is discovered, being adopted by her. Later, during a famine, the lord sends his horses to each house, even to the old woman's, to be taken care and fed. The cucumber girl feeds and grooms the lord's horse for a while, and, when the lord goes to get it back, he finds out the truth from the reborn cucumber girl. Afghanistan In an Afghan tale from Herat, The Fairy Virgin in a Pumpkin, a prince goes to a garden to pick up exquisite pumpkins and brings them home. He cuts open one of them and out comes a fairy maiden, who complains to him. He walks a bit more and rests by a canal. He decides to cut open the second pumpkin and out comes a second fairy maiden. She says she is naked and asks him to bring her some clothes. Since she is naked and anyone might see her, she climbs up a tree. While the prince is away, the fairy maiden protects the Simurgh's nest from a snake attack. Soon after, an ugly maidservant appears and sees a beautiful face reflected in the water - the fairy's. Thinking it is her own, she goes back to her master and says she will not work for him anymore. Her master beats and expels her. The maidservant sees the fairy maiden on the tree. Suddenly, the tree splits open, the fairy maiden enters it, and it closes again. The maidservant replaces her and marries the prince. One day, she asks for the tree to be used to make a cradle for her daughter. Sensing it is the fairy maiden, somehow still alive, she orders the cradle to be burnt to cinders. An old woman gathers some leftover wood and cotton and takes them home. The fairy maiden comes out of the wood and the cotton to help the old woman spin and do the chores. One day, the prince summons all maidens to his yard to string a pearl necklace for his daughter. The fairy maiden is invited and the prince recognizes her. Central Asia Researcher Aziza Shanazarova summarized a narrative from the Central Asian work Maẓhar al-ʿajāʾib by a Sufi scholar, dated to 16th century. In this tale, titled The Story of the Patience Stone, a prince of Qanshīrīn wants a beautiful wife, and journeys to a "hidden realm" where he is given three loaves of bread, for him to open near water. On his journey back, the prince breaks open the first bread, a beautiful woman appears out of it, asks for water, but dies of thirst soon after. After a while, he opens the second loaf, another woman appears and dies due to lack of water. Finally, the prince opens the last loaf near a water source, a third woman appears and drinks some water. The prince takes her to Chahār Bāgh ('Four Gardens') and leaves her up a tree, while he goes to the city. Meanwhile, an enchantress kanīzak ('servant') from Kashmīr goes to fetch water and sees the bread woman reflection in a magical pool, thinking it is her own. The bread lady laughs at the servant and is thrown in the magical pool, while the servant takes her place and marries the prince. As for the bread lady, she survives being in the pool by the ghawth-i aʿẓam ('the greatest sustenance'), who gives her a key that allows her to leave the pool, and she makes her way to the city to find a pīr ('master') and a sang-i ṣabr ('stone of patience') to which she is to tell her secrets. The bread lady meets the pir, who adopts her. Later, the prince, increasingly suspicious of his false bride, becomes ill and asks his subjects to bring him food. One day, he gets a dish with a peeled mung bean (mash-i muqashshar), prepared by the pir's daughter. The prince eats the dish and goes to meet the pir, who is wearing a veil to conceal her identity. The veiled lady asks the prince to bring her the patience stone. The prince does as asked and people gather to see the event: the veiled lady places the patience stone on a bowl of milk and asks it to retell her story. The stone narrates the veiled lady's story until the milk becomes blood and the stone bursts open, revealing a white stone inside that hits the servant's head, killing her. The lady removes the veil and reveals herself to the prince as the woman from the bread and they marry. According to Shanazarova, the tale is contained in a copy of Maẓhar al-ʿajāʾib, catalogued as MS 8716 and dated to the year 1766. India Stith Thompson's second revision of the international type index listed 17 variants of the tale type in India. In a variant from Simla, in India, The Anar Pari, or Pomegranate Fairy, the princess released from the fruit suffers successive deaths ordered by the false bride, yet goes through a resurrective metamorphosis and regains her original body. Richard McGillivray Dawkins remarked that the Indian tales The Bél-Princess, collected by Maive Stokes, and The Belbati Princess, by Cecil Henry Bompas, are "near relatives" of The Three Citrons, since the two Indian tales are about a beautiful princess hidden in a fruit and replaced by a false bride. In The Bél-Princess, the youngest son of a king looks for the titular princess. While working for a fakir, he is told of her location: the Bél-Princess is inside a bel-fruit in a tree in garden guarded by demons. In The Belbati Princess, the youngest of seven brothers, named Lita, seeing his siblings already married, wishes to have for wife no one but the Belbati Princess. Lita meets three holy muni on his journey, who direct him to a garden with rakshasas that guard the bel tree with the fruit that holds the princess. In a variant from Mirzapur, collected from teller Karam-ud-din Ahmad with the title Princess Pomegranate (Anar Shahzadi), a king has four sons, three already married and the youngest still single. His sisters-in-law mock him by saying he intends to marry Anar Shahzadi (Princess Pomegranate). Piqued by curiosity, he learns this princess lives in a pomegranate in a garden guarded by lakhs of deos (demons). He rescues the fruit and brings it to his kingdom. A lovely princess comes out of the pomegranate, until a mehtaráni (sweeper) tricks her and throws her in the water. The Pomegranate Princess becomes a lotus flower then a pomegranate tree with blooms. Charles Augustus Kincaid published a tale from Gujarat with the name Rupsinh and the Queen of the Anardes. In this tale, prince Rupsinh loses his parents and his elder brother when he is only a child. His widowed sister-in-law mentions the Queen of the Anardes, which sparks an idea in the young prince: he will journey far and wide to find this Queen. After a long journey, including a stop at the kingdom of Princess Phulpancha, he reaches the kingdom of the Anardes. He learns the Queen and her handmaidens come out of the pomegranates in a garden, dance and return to the fruits. He takes the pomegranate with the queen and brings it to his kingdom. They marry, but a sweeper named Rukhi, "skilled in black magic", disposes of her and takes her place. The Queen of the Anardes becomes a lotus flower, then a mango tree, and reincarnates as the daughter of a banai couple. At least one variant of the tale type has been collected in Kashmir. Japan Japanese scholarship argues for some relationship between tale type ATU 408 and Japanese folktale Urikohime ("The Melon Princess"), since both tales involve a maiden born of a fruit and her replacement for a false bride (in the tale type) and for evil creature Amanojaku (in Japanese versions). In fact, professor Hiroko Ikeda classified the story of Urikohime as type 408B in his Japanese catalogue. Tibet In a Tibetan tale, Drolmakyid the Fairy, after an old woman curses him to search for the titular Fairy Drolmakyid, the prince finds an orange and brings it with him. He peels the orange and a beautiful maiden appears. They hire a servant girl (a witch in disguise), who shoves Drolmakyid down in a lake and replaces her as the prince's wife. The fairy goes through a cycle of transformations: golden lotus flower, then to walnut tree, then human again by leaving a single walnut and working as a mysterious housekeeper for a poor family. Shan people In a tale collected by anthropologist Mrs. Leslie Milne from the Shan people with the title The Story of a Fairy and a Prince, a king has seven sons, the six eldest already married and the seventh and youngest still single. The youngest prince tells his father he will only marry a fairy, and the king sets a deadline for him: he must find a wife in seven days, on penalty of death. The prince journeys and meets three hermits, who direct him to garden guarded by an ogre where a bale-fruit tree is located. The prince releases the fairy from the fruit and places her on top of a tree, while he returns with a retinue. While he is away, a servant woman named Mai-pom-san-ta sees the fairy's reflection on the water and mistakes it for her own, then finds the girl atop the tree. The servant tries to talk to the fairy, but, as the prince instructed her, she remains silent. Thus, the servant kills the fairy by beating her, takes her clothes and passes herself off as the prince's true bride. The fairy then becomes a lotus flower in a pool of water that is taken by an old woman to her house. Americas United States According to William Bernard McCarthy, the tale type appears in French-American and Iberian-American tradition. Brazil In a Brazilian variant collected by lawyer and literary critic Silvio Romero, A moura torta, a father gives each of his three sons a watermelon and warns them to crack open the fruits near a body of water. The elder sons open their watermelons, a maiden appears out of each and asks for water or milk, then, unable to sate her thirst, dies. The third brother opens his near a spring and gives water to the maiden. Seeing that she is naked, he directs her to climb a tree while he returns with some clothes. A nearby moura (Moorish woman) sees the maiden's reflection in the water, notices the maiden on the tree and turns her into a dove by sticking a pin on her head. Popular culture Theatre and opera The tale was the basis for Carlo Gozzi's commedia dell'arte L'amore delle tre melarance, and for Sergei Prokofiev's opera, The Love for Three Oranges. Hillary DePiano's play The Love of the Three Oranges is based on Gozzi's scenario and offers a more accurate translation of the original Italian title, L'amore delle tre melarance, than the English version which incorrectly uses for Three Oranges in the title. Literature A literary treatment of the story, titled The Three Lemons and with an Eastern flair, was written by Lillian M. Gask and published in 1912, in a folktale compilation. The tale was also adapted into the story Las tres naranjitas de oro ("The Three Little Golden Oranges"), by Spanish writer Romualdo Nogués. Bulgarian author Ran Bosilek adapted a variant of the tale type as his book "Неродена мома" (1926). Television A Hungarian variant of the tale was adapted into an episode of the Hungarian television series Magyar népmesék ("Hungarian Folk Tales") (hu), with the title A háromágú tölgyfa tündére ("The Fairy from the Oak Tree"). This version also shows the fairy's transformation into a goldfish and later into a magical apple tree. See also Lovely Ilonka Nix Nought Nothing The Bee and the Orange Tree The Enchanted Canary The Lassie and Her Godmother The Myrtle The King of the Snakes Sandrembi and Chaisra Footnotes References Bibliography Bolte, Johannes; Polívka, Jiri. Anmerkungen zu den Kinder- u. hausmärchen der brüder Grimm. Zweiter Band (NR. 61-120). Germany, Leipzig: Dieterich'sche Verlagsbuchhandlung. 1913. p. 125 (footnote nr. 2). Oriol, Carme (2015). "Walter Anderson’s Letters to Joan Amades: A Study of the Collaboration between Two Contemporary Folklorists". Folklore: Electronic Journal of Folklore 62 (2015): 139–174. 10.7592/FEJF2015.62.oriol. Shojaei-Kawan, Christine (2004). "Reflections on International Narrative Research on the Example of the Tale of the Three Oranges (AT 408)". In: Folklore (Electronic Journal of Folklore), XXVII, pp. 29–48. Further reading Cardigos, Isabel. "Review [Reviewed Work: The Tale of the Three Oranges by Christine Goldberg]" Marvels & Tales 13, no. 1 (1999): 108–11. Accessed June 20, 2020. www.jstor.org/stable/41388536. Da Silva, Francisco Vaz. "Red as Blood, White as Snow, Black as Crow: Chromatic Symbolism of Womanhood in Fairy Tales." Marvels & Tales 21, no. 2 (2007): 240–52. Accessed June 20, 2020. www.jstor.org/stable/41388837. Gobrecht, Barbara. "Auf den Spuren der Zitronenfee: eine Märchenreise. Der Erzähltyp 'Die drei Orangen’ (ATU 408)“. In: Märchenspiegel. 17. Jahrgang. November 2006. pp. 14-30. Hemming, Jessica. "Red, White, and Black in Symbolic Thought: The Tricolour Folk Motif, Colour Naming, and Trichromatic Vision." Folklore 123, no. 3 (2012): 310–29. Accessed June 20, 2020. www.jstor.org/stable/41721562. 剣持 弘子 [Kendo, Hiroko].「瓜子姫」 —話型分析及び「三つのオレンジ」との関係— ("Urikohime": Analysis and Relation with "Three Oranges"). In: 『口承文芸研究』nr. 11 (March, 1988). pp. 45-57. Mazzoni, Cristina. "The Fruit of Love in Giambattista Basile's “The Three Citrons”." Marvels & Tales 29, no. 2 (2015): 228-44. Accessed June 20, 2020. doi:10.13110/marvelstales.29.2.0228. Prince, Martha. "The love for three oranges (Aarne-Thompson Tale Type 408): A study in traditional variation and literary adaptation." Electronic Thesis or Dissertation. Ohio State University, 1962. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1407503467 External links The Three Citrons, on Laboulaye's Fairy Book Italian fairy tales Fiction about shapeshifting Stories within Italian Folktales Recurrent elements in fairy tales ATU 400-459 ATU 700-749 False hero Witchcraft in fairy tales de:Die drei Zitronen fr:Les Trois Cédrats

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shatalovo%20%28air%20base%29

Shatalovo (air base)

Shatalovo is an air base in Pochinok, Pochinkovsky District, Smolensk Oblast of the Russian Aerospace Forces as part of the 6th Air and Air Defence Forces Army, Western Military District. The base is also known as Pochinok, Satalovo, and Shatoalovo. It is a large hardened air base with pads for 19 bombers and 15 fighters in addition to a small amount of tarmac space. It is a nuclear bomber base (Su-24) according to a Natural Resources Defense Council study. During the 1980s it was one of 17 airfields hosting the Soviet Union's tactical reconnaissance aircraft regiments. The normal complement at the air base in 1984 consisted of 9 to 13 each of the Sukhoi Su-24M and Mikoyan-Gurevich MiG-25R, and 3 to 5 Yakovlev Yak-28R, the latter of which was being phased out. History In World War II, the German Luftwaffe occupied the local area and maintained two airfields: "Shatalovka-East" () which was later abandoned and returned to farmland, and "Shatalovka-West" () which became the modern air base. The 32nd Guards Fighter Aviation Regiment was stationed at the base from 1968 until it disbanded on 30 June 1989. It was part of the 9th Fighter Aviation Division headquartered at Kubinka. Shatalovo was home to 164th ORAP (164th Independent Reconnaissance Aviation Regiment) flying Mikoyan-Gurevich MiG-25 and Sukhoi Su-24 aircraft and 47 Gv ORAP (47th Guards Independent Reconnaissance Aviation Regiment) flying MiG-25RB aircraft. The 164th Guards ORAP arrived from Poland in 1992, and disbanded in 1997. It was also used by 1046th TsBP i PLS (1046th Aircrew Combat Training and Retraining Centre) flying 17 MiG-25, 14 Sukhoi Su-17C, and 13 Su-24 aircraft in 1991. The base is home to the 4th Independent Reconnaissance Aviation Squadron equipped with Sukhoi Su-24MR (NATO: Fencer-E) and Antonov An-30 (ASCC: Clank). References Soviet Long Range Aviation bases Soviet Frontal Aviation Russian Air Force bases Airports in Smolensk Oblast

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enco%20River

Enco River

The Enco River (Spanish: Río Enco) is a river in Panguipulli commune in southern Chile. Flowing from Panguipulli Lake to Riñihue Lake, it carries the water of the six upper lakes of the Seven Lakes area into Riñihue, the last lake in the chain. Located between the piedmont of Mocho-Choshuenco Volcano and Cerro Maltusado Enco River is unusual because it drains Panguipulli Lake through its eastern and mountainous end rather than allowing the lake to drain through the low moraine hills in the west. The Enco flows for nearly eight miles from Panguipulli Lake to Riñihue Lake. This course of the river is made spectacular by the presence, in the east, of the magnificent volcano Volcan Mocho. This combination of scenic landscape, clear water and considerably safe waters have made the Enco a magnet for rafters and other white water aficionados. The river has strong currents and no traffic. See also List of rivers of Chile References Rivers of Chile Rivers of Los Ríos Region