query dict | pos dict | neg dict |
|---|---|---|
{
"abstract": "BACKGROUND\nCherubism is characterized by hereditary and intraosseous fibrous swellings of the jaws. It presents with bilateral mandibular and maxillary involvement in young individuals. Fine needle aspiration cytologic (FNAC) features have rarely been described in the literature; they include smears showing moderate cellularity with spindle cells mixed with multinucleated giant cells of osteoclast type. Therefore, giant cell containing soft tissue and bone lesions are considered in the differential diagnosis.\n\n\nCASE\nA 13-year-old girl presented with bilateral symmetrical mandibular enlargement and was diagnosed as having cherubism on FNAC.\n\n\nCONCLUSION\nWe describe the cytomorphologic features of cherubism along with its differential diagnosis on cytology and emphasize that with clinicoradiologic correlation, a specific diagnosis can be offered for a definitive therapeutic approach.",
"corpus_id": 3345372,
"title": "Fine Needle Aspiration Cytologic Features of Cherubism"
} | {
"abstract": "An unusual presentation of cherubism is reported owing to the initial unilateral nature and late onset of occurrence. A classification for cherubism is proposed and the difficulty in diagnosis of unilateral cases is discussed.",
"corpus_id": 44534322,
"title": "Cherubism--an initial unilateral presentation."
} | {
"abstract": "Scholar of the Henry W. Frauenthal Travel Scholarship, Hospital for Joint Diseases Introduction The idea first occurred to us in the latter part of the year 1929 that it might be possible to see the interior of joints directly through a proper instrument introduced into the joint. In February 1930, we consulted with Mr. Reinhold Wappler concerning the construction of an instrument for this purpose. An instrument was devised according to our particular requirements. At that time, Mr. Wappler told us that he had not heard of any instrument for such a purpose, nor had he ever made any similar instrument. We first began work in March 1930 in the Anatomy Laboratory of the New York UniverArthroscopy or the Direct Visualization of Joints: An Experimental Cadaver Study",
"corpus_id": 44469572,
"score": 1,
"title": "Arthroscopy or the direct visualization of joints: an experimental cadaver study. 1931."
} |
{
"abstract": "Smart Grid (SG)-aware cellular networks are expected to decrease their energy consumption and consequently decrease the global carbon emissions. At the same time, cellular operators are required to meet the end-user requirements in terms of throughput. In this paper we propose a novel strategy to pave the way for the cellular operators to integrate with the SG. Our strategy is based on Dynamic Spectrum Assignment (DSA) approach. We formulate the trade-off situation of the operators as a reward function. The objective is to maximize the reward while decreasing the energy consumption. We study homogeneous, spatial-heterogeneous and spatio-temporal heterogeneous types of traffic. We study the performance of the proposed strategy in a dynamic electricity pricing context. We show that by adapting the spectrum utilization properly, the cellular operator can achieve higher rewards while using less energy compared to an operator deploying classical reuse, for low and intermediate traffic loads. We show also that the proposed DSA-based strategy is capable of adapting to the system dynamics; electricity pricing as well as end-users traffic.",
"corpus_id": 390975,
"title": "DSA-Based Energy Efficient Cellular Networks: Integration with the Smart Grid"
} | {
"abstract": "Growing attention has been paid to renewable- or hybrid-energy-powered heterogeneous networks (HetNets). In this paper, focusing on backhaul-aware joint user association and resource allocation for this type of HetNets, we formulate an online optimization problem to maximize the network utility reflecting proportional fairness. Since user association and resource allocation are tightly coupled not only on resource consumption of the base stations (BSs) but in the constraints of their available energy and backhaul as well, the closed-form solution is quite difficult to obtain. Thus, we solve the problem distributively by employing certain decomposition methods. Specifically, at first, by adopting the primal decomposition method, we decompose the original problem into a lower level resource-allocation problem for each BS and a higher level user-association problem. For the optimal resource allocation, we prove that a BS either assigns equal normalized resources or provides an equal long-term service rate to its served users. Then, the user-association problem is solved by the Lagrange dual decomposition method, and a completely distributed algorithm is developed. Moreover, applying results of the subgradient method, we demonstrate the convergence of the proposed distributed algorithm. Furthermore, to efficiently and reliably apply the proposed algorithm to the future wireless networks with an extremely dense BS deployment, we design a virtual user association and resource allocation scheme based on the software-defined networking architecture. Finally, numerical results validate the convergence of the proposed algorithm and the significant improvement on network utility, load balancing, and user fairness.",
"corpus_id": 6117713,
"title": "Backhaul-Aware User Association and Resource Allocation for Energy-Constrained HetNets"
} | {
"abstract": "This paper proposes a numerical method for characterizing the rate region achievable with frequency-division multiple access (FDMA) for a Gaussian multiple-access channel with intersymbol interference. The frequency spectrum is divided into discrete frequency bins and the discrete bin-assignment problem is shown to have a convex relaxation, making it tractable to numerical optimization algorithms. A practical low-complexity algorithm for the two-user case is also proposed. The algorithm is based on the observation that the optimal frequency partition has a two-band structure when the two channels are identical or when the signal-to-noise ratio is high. The simulation result shows that the algorithm performs well in other cases as well. The FDMA-capacity algorithm is used to devise the optimal frequency-division duplex plan for very-high-speed digital subscriber lines.",
"corpus_id": 8905298,
"score": 2,
"title": "FDMA capacity of Gaussian multiple-access channels with ISI"
} |
{
"abstract": "To the extent that the primary goal of university-level finance programs is to produce knowledgeable market participants, it seems natural for educators to question what factors determine the academic success of students in their programs. In particular, educators who wish to provide assistance for students who have a higher probability of lower levels of academic success could benefit from having an “early warning signal” to identify those students early in their plans of study. This study provides some insight into potential determinants of students’ academic success by examining gender, age, ethnicity, and performance in two required core knowledge courses as predictors of overall grade point average for a sample of undergraduate finance students at an AACSB-accredited business school. The results suggest that student performance is significantly related to the grades the students receive in core knowledge courses that are typically taken in the earlier semesters of students’ plans of study. Investigating the Determinants of Academic Success for Undergraduate Finance Students",
"corpus_id": 154822481,
"title": "Investigating the Determinants of Academic Success for Undergraduate Finance Students"
} | {
"abstract": "Using a model of retention, this study focused on minority and nonminority students' adjustment to college. Data were collected via mailed questionnaire from 799 freshmen at a residential, public research university in the Midwest. Path analysis was used to test the model. Results indicated that perceived quality had significant effects on intent to persist for minorities but not for nonminorities, and academic achievement had significant effects on intent to persist for nonminorities but not for minorities. Similarities between the two groups, however, clearly overshadowed differences. For instance, perceived racial discrimination exerted equivalent effects (although weak) on intent to persist for minorities and nonminorities.",
"corpus_id": 141889797,
"title": "Minority and Nonminority Adjustment to College: Differences or Similarities?"
} | {
"abstract": "Summary News Sports performance is the pursuit of excellence where a sportsman measures his or her performance quantitatively or qualitatively to move towards his or her desired goal. Several physical aspects can influence sport performance. One of these aspects is the neuromuscular factor Tsolakis and Tsolakis (2008) that arises from the relationship between the nervous system, and the musculoskeletal system. Moreover, in many sports (for example, running and cycling), the establishment of an effective rhythm will keep an athlete organised, and physically efficient for an excellent performance. Subsequently, this rhythm will impose a cadence on musculoskeletal activity, mental control as well as psychological factors. These psychological factors can be self-motivation, level of alertness and mental acuity that are the product of a number of integrated factors like physical fatigue or other unrelated sport stresses such as environmental conditions that are not within the athlete's personal control. The athlete is required to have the ability to adapt in these unexpected environmental factors. Another aspect is coaching and external support/assistance for the athlete (in terms of nutrition, sport technique, tactics and training) to the aspiring competitor for success to occur. Amidst all these factors which influence sports performance, there is one crucial factor which cannot be overlooked and it is the exercise-induced fatigue which causes a reduction in physical and mental performance. Conclusion Therefore, in this review, we describe and discuss the various physiological theoretical models of exercise-induced fatigue, and the way forward to assess these theories using mathematical models and analysis of biosignals.",
"corpus_id": 57261517,
"score": 1,
"title": "Review of exercise-induced physiological control models to explain the development of fatigue to improve sports performance and future trend"
} |
{
"abstract": "Jojoba liquid wax is a mixture of esters of long-chain fatty acids and fatty alcohols mainly C38:2–C46:2. The oil exhibits excellent emolliency on the skin and, therefore, is a component in many personal care cosmetic formulations. The virgin oil is a component of the seed of the jojoba (Simmondsia chinensis) plant which occurs naturally in the Sonora Desert in the United States and northwestern Mexico as well as in the northeastern Sahara desert. The seed contains 50–60% oil by dry weight. The plant has been introduced into Australia, Argentina, and Israel for commercial production of the jojoba oil. As a natural lubricant, we are seeking to explore its potential as a renewable industrial lubricant additive. Thus, we have chemically modified the carbon-carbon double bonds in the oil structure in order to improve its already good resistance to air oxidation so as to enhance its utility as well as its shelf life in nonpersonal care applications. To achieve this goal, we have hydroxylated its –C=C– bonds. Acylation of the resulting hydroxyl moieties has generated short-chain vicinal acyl substituents on the oil which keep the wax liquid, improving its cold flow properties and also protecting it from auto-oxidation and rancidity.",
"corpus_id": 3584912,
"title": "Physical Characteristics of Tetrahydroxy and Acylated Derivatives of Jojoba Liquid Wax in Lubricant Applications"
} | {
"abstract": "This study introduces chaulmoogra oil as a base stock for lubricant formulation. The tribological properties of chaulmoogra oil are evaluated by quantitative structure-property relation (QSPR) technique using the molecular modelling package Spartan 18. The quantum chemical calculations were performed on a typical molecule of chaulmoogra oil and its constituent fatty acids. The orbital energy gap of the constituent fatty acids in chaulmoogra oil is 7.37 eV and that of chaulmoogra oil molecule is 6.8 eV, which is less than that of the lauric acid, the main constituent of coconut oil (7.78 eV). Orbital energy gap predicts a better tribological performance for chaulmoogra oil, and the four ball test result is in agreement with this prediction. Oxidative property of chaulmoogra oil is tested by isothermal thermogravimetric/differential thermal analysis (TGA/DTA) and compared with different oils. Weight gain in oxygen is only 0.02% for chaulmoogra oil and showed better oxidative stability among all other tested oils.",
"corpus_id": 229000005,
"title": "Experimental and Molecular Level Analysis of the Tribological and Oxidative Properties of Chaulmoogra Oil"
} | {
"abstract": "Reducing ammonia (NH3) emissions through slurry incorporation or other soil management techniques may increase nitrate (NO3) leaching, so quantifying potential losses from these alternative pathways is essential to improving slurry N management. Slurry N losses, as NH3 or NO3 were evaluated over 4 yr in south-central Wisconsin. Slurry (i.e., dairy cow [Bos taurus] manure from a storage pit) was applied each spring at a single rate (-75 m3 ha(-1)) in one of three ways: surface broadcast (SURF), surface broadcast followed by partial incorporation using an aerator implement (AER-INC), and injection (INJ). Ammonia emissions were measured during the 120 h following slurry application using chambers, and NO3 leaching was monitored in drainage lysimeters. Yield and N3 uptake of oat (Avena sativa L.), corn (Zea mays L.), and winter rye (Secale cereale L.) were measured each year, and at trial's end soils were sampled in 15- to 30-cm increments to 90-cm depth. There were significant tradeoffs in slurry N loss among pathways: annual mean NH3-N emission across all treatments was 5.3, 38.3, 12.4, and 21.8 kg ha(-1) and annual mean NO3-N leaching across all treatments was 24.1, 0.9, 16.9, and 7.3 kg ha' during Years 1, 2, 3, and 4, respectively. Slurry N loss amounted to 27.1% of applied N from the SURF treatment (20.5% as NH3-N and 6.6% as NO,-N), 23.3% from AER-INC (12.0% as NH3-N and 11.3% as NO3-N), and 9.19% from INJ (4.4% as NH3-N and 4.7% as NO3-N). Although slurry incorporation decreased slurry N loss, the conserved slurry N did not significantly impact crop yield, crop N uptake or soil properties at trial's end.",
"corpus_id": 93262249,
"score": 0,
"title": "Dairy slurry application method impacts ammonia emission and nitrate leaching in no-till corn silage"
} |
{
"abstract": "Nearly 80% of all the nano‐powders produced worldwide are metal oxides, and among these materials titanium dioxide (TiO2) is one of the most produced. Titanium dioxide's toxicity is estimated as low to soil organisms, but some studies have shown that TiO2 nanoparticles can cause oxidative stress. Additionally, it is known that TiO2 is activated by ultraviolet (UV) radiation, which can promote photocatalytic generation of reactive oxygen species, which is seldom taken into account in toxicity testing. In the present study, the authors investigated the effects of different TiO2 and zirconium materials on the soil oligochaete Enchytraeus crypticus, using exposure via soil, water, and soil:water extracts, and studied the effects combined with UV radiation. The results showed that zirconium dioxide (bulk and nano) was not toxic, whereas zirconium tetrachloride reduced enchytraeid reproduction in soil (50% effect concentration = 502 mg/kg). The TiO2 materials were also not toxic via soil exposure or under UV radiation. However, pre‐exposure to TiO2 and UV radiation via aqueous media caused a lower reproductive output post‐exposure in clean soil (20–50% less but only observed at the lowest concentration tested, 1 mg/L); that is, the effect of TiO2 in water was potentiated by the UV radiation and measurable as a decrease in reproduction in soil media. Environ Toxicol Chem 2015;34:2409–2416. © 2015 SETAC",
"corpus_id": 1653735,
"title": "Effect of 10 different TiO2 and ZrO2 (nano)materials on the soil invertebrate Enchytraeus crypticus"
} | {
"abstract": "RNA-Seq and gene expression microarrays provide comprehensive profiles of gene activity, by measuring the concentration of tens of thousands of mRNA molecules in single assays. However, lack of accuracy and reproducibility have hindered the application of these high-throughput technologies. A key challenge in the data analysis is the normalization of gene expression levels, which is required to make them comparable between samples. This normalization is currently performed following approaches resting on an implicit assumption that most genes are not differentially expressed. Here we show that this assumption is unrealistic and likely results in failure to detect numerous gene expression changes. We have devised a mathematical approach to normalization that makes no assumption of this sort. We have found that variation in gene expression is much greater than currently believed, and that it can be measured with available technologies. Our results also explain, at least partially, the problems encountered in transcriptomics studies. We expect this improvement in detection to help efforts to realize the full potential of gene expression profiling, especially in analyses of cellular processes involving complex modulations of gene expression, such as cell differentiation, toxic responses and cancer.",
"corpus_id": 14857611,
"title": "A novel normalization approach unveils blind spots in gene expression profiling"
} | {
"abstract": "INTRODUCTION\nThe whole herb of Potentilla discolor has long been used for treatment of diarrhoea, malaria, haemoptysis and haematemesis in clinical applications. However, until now, there has been no literature regarding to the quality control of it.\n\n\nOBJECTIVE\nTo develop a simple and accurate HPLC-DAD (diode array detection)-ESI/MS(n) (electrospray ionisation multistage mass spectrometry) method for the identification of constituents in P. discolor and simultaneous quantification of its marker compounds.\n\n\nMETHODOLOGY\nSeparations were performed on a Shimpack C₁₈ column by gradient elution using acetonitrile:0.1% formic acid. The identification of constituents in P. discolor were achieved by HPLC-DAD-ESI/MS(n) while six flavonoids and five triterpenoids were determined by HPLC-DAD at 360 and 210 nm, repectively.\n\n\nRESULTS\nA total of 23 compounds including 13 flavonoids and 10 triterpenoids were identified or tentatively characterised. A quantitative HPLC-DAD method allowing the simultaneously quantification of 11 marker compounds was optimised and validated for linearity, precision, accuracy, and limits of detection and quantification. The method was successfully applied to the quantification of 11 marker compounds in 10 samples of P. discolor collected from different provinces of China.\n\n\nCONCLUSION\nThis developed method was validated as simple, precise and accurate, and could be used for effectively and comprehensibly evaluating the quality of P. discolor.",
"corpus_id": 21532870,
"score": 1,
"title": "Quality evaluation of Potentilla discolor by high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with diode array detection and electrospray ionisation tandem mass spectrometry."
} |
{
"abstract": "The present study aimed at evaluating the dissipation of S-metolachlor (S-MET) at three doses in maize growing on diverse physico-chemical properties of soil. The effect of herbicide on dehydrogenase (DHA) and acid phosphatase (ACP) activity was estimated. A modified QuEChERS method using LC-MS/MS has been developed. The limit of quantification (0.001 mg kg−1) and detection (0.0005 mg kg−1) were very low for soil and maize samples. The mean recoveries and RSDs for the six spiked levels (0.001–0.5 mg kg−1) were 91.3 and 5.8%. The biggest differences in concentration of S-MET in maize were observed between the 28th and 63rd days. The dissipation of S-MET in the alkaline soil was the slowest between the 2nd and 7th days, and in the acidic soil between the 5th and 11th days. DT50 of S-MET calculated according to the first-order kinetics model was 11.1–14.7 days (soil) and 9.6–13.9 days (maize). The enzymatic activity of soil was higher in the acidic environment. One observed the significant positive correlation of ACP with pH of soil and contents of potassium and magnesium and negative with contents of phosphorus and organic carbon. The results indicated that at harvest time, the residues of S-MET in maize were well below the safety limit for maize. The findings of this study will foster the research on main parameters influencing the dissipation in maize ecosystems.",
"corpus_id": 1739635,
"title": "Dissipation of S-metolachlor in plant and soil and effect on enzymatic activities"
} | {
"abstract": "This is the first large scale study of fate of the glyphosate (GLP) and its metabolites, (AMPA, N-acetyl glyphosate, N-acetyl AMPA, sarcosine and glycine) monitored by LC/MS/MS. The laboratory trials of behavior of GLP in two types of agricultural soil were performed. Soil (S), soil enriched with sewage sludge (S + SL), soil with Pseudomonas fluorescens (S + P) and soil enriched with sewage sludge and P. fluorescens (S + SL + P) was treated with Roundup 360 SL under controlled conditions. The presence of metabolites was depended on the soil type and enrichment with sludge or bacteria. The GLP and its soil metabolites caused increase of microorganisms association in comparison to control. We assumed that P. fluorescens and sewage sludge influence on time of GLP dissipation. Moreover, GLP degradation in presence of P. fluorescens and sewage sludge is carried out in different metabolic pathways compared to control (S + GLP). Furthermore, presence of particular GLP metabolites is related to different metabolic pathways and is connected with P. fluorescens and sewage sludge occurrence in soil. Additionally, P. fluorescens and sewage sludge stimulate enzymatic activity of soils.",
"corpus_id": 212691071,
"title": "Complex study of glyphosate and metabolites influence on enzymatic activity and microorganisms association in soil enriched with Pseudomonas fluorescens and sewage sludge."
} | {
"abstract": "This study aimed to (a) to evaluate the biomass production from the crown of the young dwarf cashew, clone CCP 76, at 2, 3, 8 and 9 years of culture implantation, (b) to determine the rate of leaf decomposition and (c) to quantify nutrient contribution potentially available in the biomass to be recycled into the soil. The research was conducted at the Experimental Field of Curu, in Paraipaba - CE, from December, 2003 to January, 2005. The treatments consisted of orchards with trees of 2, 3, 8 and 9 years of plantation, distributed in a completely randomized design with eight replications. Litter was collected using 1 m2 collectors with 1 mm2 mesh place 40 cm above the soil surface. After sampling, the material was sorted out into portions of leaves, branches, inflorescence, peduncle and nut, oven dried and weighed. In the leaf portion, the compositions of N, P, K, Ca, Mg, S, Na, Cu, Fe, Mn and Zn were determined. Leaves ready to fall were collected from each plant to determine their decomposition rate and 12 g of this material was stove dried, and placed in 20 cm x 20 cm nylon bags and 2 mm mesh which were distributed on the soil surface and collected after 112, 233 and 369 days. In each collection, the material was oven dried and the remaining nutrient biomass (N, P, K, Ca, Mg, S, Na, Cu, Fe, Mn and Zn) was determined. The 8- and 9- year- old plants deposited greater quantities of litter during the experimental period and showed greater potential for nutrient recycling. During the experimental period it was generally observed that the decomposition process was fast in the first four months, remaining slow until the end of the observation period. Most of the nutrients in the cashew tree were released in the first four months of leaf composition.",
"corpus_id": 84405358,
"score": 1,
"title": "Produção de serapilheira e ciclagem de nutrientes na cultura do cajueiro anão precoce"
} |
{
"abstract": "Research on real-time database systems (RTDBS) has been underway for close to a decade now. So far, this research has focused mainly o11 identifying the appropriate choice, with respect to meeting the real-time goals, for the various database system policies such as priority assignment, transaction concurrency control, memory management, etc. (see [16] for a recent survey). However, the design and evaluation of concurrency control algorithms for indexes, which are an integral part of database systems, has received virtually no attention in the real-time environment. In our view, this lacuna is rather surprising since it appears reasonable to expect that indexes would be one of tbe primary mechanisms by which a well-designed RTDBS would try to meet transaction timing constraints. In this situation, using an \"off-the-shelf\" index concurrency control algorithm that has not been specifically designed for the real-time environment may lead to many transactions missing their deadlines.",
"corpus_id": 3113399,
"title": "Index Concurrency Control in Firm Real-Time DBMS"
} | {
"abstract": "Real-time database systems are expected to rely heavily on indexes to speed up data access and, thereby, help more transactions meet their deadlines. Accordingly, high- performance index concurrency control (ICC) protocols are required to prevent contention for the index from becoming a bottleneck. In this paper, we develop real-time variants of a representative set of classical B-tree ICC protocols and, using a detailed simulation model, compare their performance for real-time transactions with firm deadlines. We also present and evaluate a new real-time ICC protocol called GUARD-link that augments the classical B-link protocol with a feedback-based admission control mechanism. Both point and range queries, as well as the undos of the index actions of aborted transactions are included in the scope of our study. The performance metrics used in evaluating the ICC protocols are the percentage of transactions that miss their deadlines and the fairness with respect to transaction type and size. Our experimental results show that the performance characteristics of the real-time version of an ICC protocol could be significantly different from the performance of the same protocol in a conventional (nonreal-time) database system. In particular, B-link protocols, which are reputed to provide the best overall performance in conventional database systems, perform poorly under heavy real-time loads. The new GUARD-link protocol, however, although based on the B-link approach, delivers the best performance (with respect to all performance metrics) for a variety of real-time transaction workloads, by virtue of its admission control mechanism. In fact, GUARD-link provides close to ideal fairness in most environments. These and other results presented here represent the first work in the area of real-time index concurrency control.",
"corpus_id": 5169636,
"title": "Real-time index concurrency control"
} | {
"abstract": "ion . An abstraction is the phenomenon of a set of phenomena and its properties at some level of approximation. The abstraction contains incomplete explicit knowledge about the phenomena, i.e. there are more that can be known about the phenomena than is covered in the abstraction. This does not mean that the abstraction cannot contain all relevant knowledge in a given time interval. Classi fi cation . The abstraction where individual phenomena are grouped together in a class based on perceived common properties. Example: ‘Rod Stewart’ and ‘Mick Jagger’ can be grouped together in the class ‘singers’. Aggregation . An abstraction that is a Cartesian product of classes. For example, a bicycle being built up from wheels, a seat, a frame, handlebars, etc. Generalisation . An abstraction that is a subset of the union of a set of classes. For example, both employees and customers are persons. Association . An abstraction that is a set of classes. For example, the classes ‘Men’ and ‘Women’ are members of the set ‘sex-groups’. Model . A model is an abstraction externalised in a professional language. A model is assumed to be simpler than, resemble, and have the same structure and way of functioning as the phenomena it represents. Conceptual model . A model of a domain made in a formal or semi-formal language with a limited vocabulary. Comment: Many conceptual modelling languages are partly diagrammatic, in which case they are combination of logographic and iconographic symbols, but this is not looked upon as a requirement. Some conceptual modelling languages also have aspects that are pictographic. Language model . The model of a language. Within conceptual modelling, this is often termed ‘meta-model’, which is only a proper term when looking upon it from the point of view of repository-management for a modelling tool where the instantiation of the model is another model in the same or a different modelling language. System model . A model of a system. 415 Appendix A: Terminology A.6 Actors and Activities A phenomenon is acted upon by another phenomenon if its history is different from what it would have been if the other phenomenon did not in fl uence it. Actor . An actor is a phenomenon that acts upon another phenomenon, the actand . Acquaintances . The acquaintances of an actor are the set of actors that either acts upon or is acted upon by the actor. Social actor . A social actor is an actor that includes at least one person. Social actors might be individual or organisational (see below). Technical actor . A technical actor is an actor that does not include any persons. Technical actors can be computational and temporal. Other subtypes of actors might for instance be production actors, but these will not be discussed here. Whereas temporal actors are some time-measuring device (i.e. a clock of some sort), computational actors are either hardware actors or software actors. Computational actors are either atomic or systemic including atomic and systemic subsystems. Computational actors can be said to be compatible in the following meanings: Hardware compatibility: Stating which hardware actors that can act upon each • other. Executional compatibility: Describe which software actors that can be executed on • which hardware actors. Software compatibility: Stating which software actors that can act upon each • other. Software actors can be versions of 0:N other software actors, i.e. a software actor can be recreated by performing a set of state changes to the actor it is a version of. A set of state changes in this meaning are called a delta. The original actor is called a predecessor of the version actor, whereas this is called a successor of the original actor. Software actors might have several predecessors and successors. These relations are transitive. Two or more software actors that have the same immediate predecessor are termed variants. Internal actor . Actors being internal to an organisation are actors being part of the organisational system of the organisation in one or more of the relevant roles they are currently fi lling. External actor . Actors being external to an organisation are actors not being part of the organisational system of the organisation in any of the relevant roles they are currently fi lling. Individual social actor . A person interacting with his environment is termed an individual social actor. We will use the term person synonymously with the term individual social actor . 416 Appendix A: Terminology Organisational social actor . An organisational actor is a social actor that consists of a set of more than one person performing goal-oriented and co-ordinated action. An organisational actor can also include technical actors, but this is not mandatory. Permanent organisational actor . An organisational actor for which a begin time-point of its existence can be perceived, but normally not the future end time-point. Temporary organisational actor . An organisational actor for which both the begin time-point and the possibly future end time-point of its existence can be perceived. Periodic organisational actor . An organisational actor for which a set of begin time-points and (possibly future) end time-points of its existence can be perceived, and where there is normally the same time-interval between the different begin time-points. The duration of this time-interval is longer than the individual lifetime of the organisational actor. Action . An action is the phenomenon of one phenomenon acting upon other phenomena. Activity . An activity is a system of actions. Stakeholder . The stakeholders of an activity are the set of persons who perceive or are perceived by other persons to potentially lose or gain from the activity. Participant . The participants of an activity are the set of persons who act upon the actands of the activity as part of the activity. Process . A process is an activity that takes a set of phenomena and transforms them into a possibly empty set of phenomena. Role . Actions that can be expected by an actor or by other actors. Agent . An actor acting in a particular role. Formal role . A role where part of the expected actions of an actor fi lling the role is institutionalised by an organisational actor. A typical example of a formal role is a position such as a professor. All roles usually also have two additional aspects: The informal part of the role. Expectations to an actor fi lling the role that are not • institutionalised. For example, ‘a professor is absent-minded’. The expectation to an agent, because of the particular actor fi lling the role. • Role con fl ict . Inconsistent expectations to an actor because of fi lling two or more roles in the same time interval or because of differing expectations to a role that the actor fi ll from two or more other actors. 417 Appendix A: Terminology",
"corpus_id": 11298148,
"score": 0,
"title": "Model-Based Development and Evolution of Information Systems"
} |
{
"abstract": "Conducting research in the home setting with homebound older adults presents distinct ethical and practical challenges that require special consideration. This article describes the methodological issues that make studying homebound older adults especially vulnerable to therapeutic misconception and researcher role conflict and offers practical strategies for researchers to deal with these problems when studying this population. In writing this article, we draw on more than a decade of descriptive and intervention research focusing exclusively on the homebound older population in which the authors have collaborated. Therapeutic misconception and researcher role conflict may occur because of methodological issues related to the recruitment of participants, the \"homebound\" status of participants, and the home setting as the interview site. Particular care is required on the part of the researcher to address these ethical issues. This may be accomplished especially through clear communication during the informed consent process with participants and in scientific communication with colleagues.",
"corpus_id": 288069,
"title": "Ethical issues involving research conducted with homebound older adults."
} | {
"abstract": "BackgroundMany health researchers are clinicians. Dual-role experiences are common for clinician-researchers in research involving patient-participants, even if not their own patients. To extend the existing body of literature on why dual-role is experienced, we aimed to develop a typology of common catalysts for dual-role experiences to help clinician-researchers plan and implement methodologically and ethically sound research.MethodsSystematic searching of Medline, CINAHL, PsycINFO, Embase and Scopus (inception to 28.07.2014) for primary studies or first-person reflexive reports of clinician-researchers’ dual-role experiences, supplemented by reference list checking and Google Scholar scoping searches. Included articles were loaded in NVivo for analysis. The coding was focused on how dual-role was evidenced for the clinician-researchers in research involving patients. Procedures were completed by one researcher (MB) and independently cross-checked by another (JHS). All authors contributed to extensive discussions to resolve all disagreements about initial coding and verify the final themes.ResultsDatabase searching located 7135 records, resulting in 29 included studies, with the addition of 7 studies through reference checks and scoping searches. Two overarching themes described the most common catalysts for dual-role experiences – ways a research role can involve patterns of behaviour typical of a clinical role, and the developing connection that starts to resemble a clinician-patient relationship. Five subthemes encapsulated the clinical patterns commonly repeated in research settings (clinical queries, perceived agenda, helping hands, uninvited clinical expert, and research or therapy) and five subthemes described concerns about the researcher-participant relationship (clinical assumptions, suspicion and holding back, revelations, over-identification, and manipulation). Clinician-researchers use their clinical skills in health research in ways that set up a relationship resembling that of clinician-patient. Clinicians’ ingrained orientation to patients’ needs can be in tension with their research role, and can set up ethical and methodological challenges.ConclusionThe typology we developed outlines the common ways dual-role is experienced in research involving clinician-researchers and patient-participants, and perhaps the inevitability of the experience given the primacy accorded to patient well-being. The typology offers clinician-researchers a framework for grappling with the ethical and methodological implications of dual-role throughout the research process, including planning, implementation, monitoring and reporting.",
"corpus_id": 17816409,
"title": "Once a clinician, always a clinician: a systematic review to develop a typology of clinician-researcher dual-role experiences in health research with patient-participants"
} | {
"abstract": "Consent forms in research are a source of current and retrospective information for the subject, a \"prompt\" for the person who is obtaining consent, and a documentation of the \"informed\" consent process and its adequacy. Occasionally, these forms may be administered by inexperienced trainees or ancillary personnel, and thus stand virtually alone. Therefore, the forms must be inherently comprehensible to the subjects. To test whether this is the case, 65 new applications were randomly selected from 13 consecutive IRB agendas, and their consent documents were computer-analyzed (Flesch/Fry scoring) after correction for expected confounding features, such as lists, tables, and polysyllabic proper names and jargon. Mean U.S. school grade for 70% comprehension (Fry score) was 15.03 +/- 0.19 (standard error of the mean), implying readability by 37.4 +/- 1% of the U.S. adult population. In contrast, a consecutive sampling of 21 Ann Landers columns yielded a mean Fry score of 7.67 +/- 0.5 (p < 0.01; readable by 75 +/- 3%). Fifteen Reader's Digest articles yielded a mean Fry score of 9.95 +/- 0.65 (p < 0.01; readable by 59.1 +/- 3%), and 15 \"Talk of the Town\" columns from The New Yorker averaged a grade level of 13.3 +/- 0.83; p < 0.01; readable by 42.7% +/- 4.8%). No document was improved by more than one grade level by the IRB review process, and most were unchanged.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)",
"corpus_id": 1134134,
"score": 2,
"title": "Institutional Review Board (IRB) review lacks impact on the readability of consent forms for research."
} |
{
"abstract": "CcrM-related DNA-(adenine N6)-methyltransferases play very important roles in the biology of Caulobacter crescentus and other alpha-proteobacteria. These enzymes methylate GANTC sequences, but the molecular mechanism by which they recognize their target sequence is unknown. We carried out multiple sequence alignments and noticed that CcrM enzymes contain a conserved C-terminal domain (CTD) which is not present in other DNA-(adenine N6)-methyltransferases and we show here that deletion of this part abrogates catalytic activity and DNA binding of CcrM. A mutational study identified 7 conserved residues in the CTD (out of 13 tested), mutation of which led to a strong reduction in catalytic activity. All of these mutants showed altered DNA binding, but no change in AdoMet binding and secondary structure. Some mutants exhibited reduced DNA binding, but others showed an enhanced DNA binding. Moreover, we show that CcrM does not specifically bind to DNA containing GANTC sequences. Taken together, these findings suggest that the specific CcrM-DNA complex undergoes a conformational change, which is endergonic but essential for catalytic activity and this step is blocked by some of the mutations. Moreover, our data indicate that the CTD of CcrM is involved in DNA binding and recognition. This suggests that the CTD functions as target recognition domain of CcrM and, therefore, CcrM can be considered the first example of a δ-type DNA-(adenine N6)-methyltransferase identified so far.",
"corpus_id": 1584051,
"title": "Investigation of the C-terminal domain of the bacterial DNA-(adenine N6)-methyltransferase CcrM."
} | {
"abstract": "Caulobacter crescentus relies on DNA methylation by the cell cycle-regulated methyltransferase (CcrM) in addition to key transcription factors to control the cell cycle and direct cellular differentiation. CcrM is shown here to efficiently methylate its cognate recognition site 5'-GANTC-3' in single-stranded and hemimethylated double-stranded DNA. We report the Km, kcat, kmethylation, and Kd for single-stranded and hemimethylated substrates, revealing discrimination of 107-fold for noncognate sequences. The enzyme also shows a similar discrimination against single-stranded RNA. Two independent assays clearly show that CcrM is highly processive with single-stranded and hemimethylated DNA. Collectively, the data provide evidence that CcrM and other DNA-modifying enzymes may use a new mechanism to recognize DNA in a key epigenetic process.",
"corpus_id": 37332719,
"title": "Caulobacter crescentus Cell Cycle-Regulated DNA Methyltransferase Uses a Novel Mechanism for Substrate Recognition."
} | {
"abstract": "Removal of the power interference is a key technology in the acquisition of weak signals. The traditional method to remove power frequency interference is to use a notch filter or adaptive filter. In this paper, a novel approach to removing power frequency interference from biomedical signals based on Independent Component Analysis (ICA) is studied. The basic theory and algorithm of ICA is briefly introduced. On the basis of three different conditions, the theory and realizing steps of removing power frequency interference from biomedical signals by using ICA are discussed in detail. The experiment results are also given paper.",
"corpus_id": 113154055,
"score": 0,
"title": "Removal of Power Interference from Digital Signals by Using Independent Component Analysis"
} |
{
"abstract": "This article presents a technique using system identification for the determination of transfer functions of a CMLI Static Synchronous Compensator used in power systems for the design of parameters of controllers in order to minimize voltage fluctuations and capacitor voltage balancing. The transfer functions obtained using system identification technique have been used for the determination of controllers’ parameters for load bus voltage and capacitor charge balancing using Ziegler-Nichols technique. Digital simulation on an 11-level CMLI based Static Synchronous Compensator is carried out using MATLAB/SIMULINK for different load combinations using PI controllers’ parameters as obtained corresponding to identified model. It is found that simulation results obtained using identified model give good performances.",
"corpus_id": 837451,
"title": "Direct Voltage Control in Distribution System using CMLI Based STATCOM"
} | {
"abstract": "A multilevel optimal modulation strategy was developed for static synchronous compensators (STATCOMs) using cascaded multilevel inverters. In this strategy, besides the minimized harmonic distortion level, the inverter units' fundamental output voltages are also equalized. Therefore, all the inverter units in each phase leg can equally share the exchanged active and reactive power with the utility grid. This greatly helps the DC-link voltages balancing control. A special gating-pattern swapping scheme was developed to further maintain the DC capacitors' charge balance and equalize the current stress of the switching devices. The modulation strategy also includes a redundant operation scheme and a transformer DC magnetization prevention scheme. The performance of the proposed strategy was compared with the conventional fundamental frequency modulation strategy. To implement a fast and robust control of reactive power, a nonlinear feedback linearization controller with a direct voltage control capability was employed. The scheme of modulation index controlling and the operating modulation index range are presented. The effects of the system uncertainties on the closed loop dynamic performance are also discussed. A plusmn30 kVAr 21-level STATCOM prototype was developed. All the modulation and dynamic control strategies were verified using the experimental results from the scaled prototype.",
"corpus_id": 22877166,
"title": "Multilevel Optimal Modulation and Dynamic Control Strategies for STATCOMs Using Cascaded Multilevel Inverters"
} | {
"abstract": "Ensifer medicae WSM1369 is an aerobic, motile, Gram-negative, non-spore-forming rod that can exist as a soil saprophyte or as a legume microsymbiont of Medicago. WSM1369 was isolated in 1993 from a nodule recovered from the roots of Medicago sphaerocarpos growing at San Pietro di Rudas, near Aggius in Sardinia (Italy). WSM1369 is an effective microsymbiont of the annual forage legumes M. polymorpha and M. sphaerocarpos. Here we describe the features of E. medicae WSM1369, together with genome sequence information and its annotation. The 6,402,557 bp standard draft genome is arranged into 307 scaffolds of 307 contigs containing 6,656 protein-coding genes and 79 RNA-only encoding genes. This rhizobial genome is one of 100 sequenced as part of the DOE Joint Genome Institute 2010 Genomic Encyclopedia for Bacteria and Archaea-Root Nodule Bacteria (GEBA-RNB) project.",
"corpus_id": 9172615,
"score": 1,
"title": "Genome sequence of Ensifer medicae strain WSM1369; an effective microsymbiont of the annual legume Medicago sphaerocarpos"
} |
{
"abstract": "This paper presents highly automated methods to study the protective device coordination in large distribution systems with high penetration of distributed photovoltaic (PV) generation. A real distribution feeder with large-scale distributed PV generation has been modeled and verified using the analysis tool OpenDSS and utilizing extensive field measurements. With the accurate and validated feeder model, thorough protection coordination of the system is investigated by applying all the possible phase and ground faults under various scenarios. Under varying PV penetration levels and with different PV interface transformer connections, settings for the phase and ground relay and recloser are verified/defined, such that proper coordination is achieved for the entire feeder under all operating conditions, corresponding to both fuse-clearing and fuse-saving schemes. An optimization-based design of protective devices is introduced that ensures proper protection coordination under thousands of possible fault cases. The automated protection analysis has been implemented using OpenDSS with the MATLAB COM interface, and this approach and these tools can be extended to analyze and design protection coordination of any large distribution feeder, as well as to use as a screening tool while evaluating large scale PV on distribution feeders.",
"corpus_id": 693428,
"title": "Methodology of Automated Protection Analysis for Large Distribution Feeders With High Penetration of Photovoltaic Systems"
} | {
"abstract": "Employment of photovoltaic (PV) distributed generation (DG) in the distribution system, leads to improvement of network voltage profile and help to generate the power required by the network. Beside the mentioned advantages, increment of these sources penetration rate cause miscoordination between fuses and recloser. In this paper a new adaptive intelligent method of fuse – recloser coordination in distribution systems with high PV penetration rates is presented. The proposed method is a two-phase approach which operates proportional to the connected photovoltaic systems penetration rate. The first phase is based on an adaptive modification of fast operation curve of recloser, proportional to current term of the branch fuse maximum fault current to recloser current which is located at the beginning of the feeder. The second phase is according to modification of fast operation characteristic of recloser, proportional to voltage drop in fault inception period at the recloser location. By using this method, not only the avoidance of unnecessary exits of PV resources, but also the operation of fuse-saving is possible with adaptive correction of the fast-performance curve of the recloser.",
"corpus_id": 73705058,
"title": "A New intelligent method of Fuse – Recloser Coordination in a Distribution System with High PV Penetration Rates"
} | {
"abstract": "A typical industrial power network may consist up to hundreds of pieces of equipment and requires even more protection relays to protect the system. Each protection relay in the power network needs to be coordinated with the relays protecting the adjacent equipment. The overall protection coordination is thus very complicated. A new concept of protection coordination by time is introduced in this paper to formulate all the system relays and system equipment operation into a set of optimization equations and constraints. Its purpose is to search for an optimal protection setting to minimize the system disturbance time as well as the time of interruption of power supply. An evolutionary algorithm is applied as a constraint satisfaction optimization tool to search for the optimal relay setting. This method can find out the best protection relay coordination that cannot be achieved by traditional methods. This is the most significant achievement.",
"corpus_id": 110694057,
"score": 2,
"title": "Time coordination method for power system protection by evolutionary algorithm"
} |
{
"abstract": "In order to develop a novel, safe and immunogenic fowl typhoid (FT) vaccine candidate, a Salmonella Gallinarum ghost with controlled expression of the bacteriophage PhiX174 lysis gene E was constructed using pMMP99 plasmid in this study. The formation of the Salmonella Gallinarum ghost with tunnel formation and loss of cytoplasmic contents was observed by scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. No viable cells were detectable 24 h after the induction of gene E expression by an increase in temperature from 37 °C to 42 °C. The safety and protective efficacy of the Salmonella Gallinarum ghost vaccine was tested in chickens that were divided into four groups: group A (non-immunized control), group B (orally immunized), group C (subcutaneously immunized) and group D (intramuscularly immunized). The birds were immunized at day 7 of age. None of the immunized animals showed any adverse reactions such as abnormal behavior, mortality, or signs of FT such as anorexia, depression, or diarrhea. These birds were subsequently challenged with a virulent Salmonella Gallinarum strain at 3 weeks post-immunization (wpi). Significant protection against the virulent challenge was observed in all immunized groups based on mortality and post-mortem lesions compared to the non-immunized control group. In addition, immunization with the Salmonella Gallinarum ghosts induced significantly high systemic IgG response in all immunized groups. Among the groups, orally-vaccinated group B showed significantly higher levels of secreted IgA. A potent antigen-specific lymphocyte activation response along with significantly increased percentages of CD4+ and CD8+ T lymphocytes found in all immunized groups clearly indicate the induction of cellular immune responses. Overall, these findings suggest that the newly constructed Salmonella Gallinarum ghost appears to be a safe, highly immunogenic, and efficient non-living bacterial vaccine candidate that protects against FT.",
"corpus_id": 1118594,
"title": "Construction of a Salmonella Gallinarum ghost as a novel inactivated vaccine candidate and its protective efficacy against fowl typhoid in chickens"
} | {
"abstract": "Controlled expression of cloned PhiX174 gene E in Gram-negative bacteria results in lysis of the bacteria by formation of an E-specific transmembrane tunnel structure built through the cell envelope complex. Bacterial ghosts from a variety of bacteria are used as non-living candidate vaccines. In the recombinant ghost system, foreign proteins are attached on the inside of the inner membrane as fusions with specific anchor sequences. Ghosts have a sealed periplasmic space and the export of proteins into this space vastly extends the capacity of ghosts or recombinant ghosts to function as carriers of foreign antigens. In addition, S-layer proteins forming shell-like self assembly structures can be expressed in candidate vaccine strains prior to E-mediated lysis. Such recombinant S-layer proteins carrying foreign epitopes further extend the possibilities of ghosts as carriers of foreign epitopes. As ghosts have inherent adjuvant properties, they can be used as adjuvants in combination with subunit vaccines. Subunits or other ligands can also be coupled to matrixes like dextran which are used to fill the internal lumen of ghosts. Oral, aerogenic or parenteral immunization of experimental animals with recombinant ghosts induced specific humoral and cellular immune responses against bacterial and target components including protective mucosal immunity. The most relevant advantage of recombinant bacterial ghosts as immunogens is that no inactivation procedures that denature relevant immunogenic determinants are employed in this production. This fact explains the superior quality of ghosts when compared to other inactivated vaccines. The endotoxic component of the outer membrane does not limit the use of ghosts as vaccine candidates but triggers the release of several potent immunoregulatory cytokines. As carriers, there is no limitation in the size of foreign antigens that can be inserted in the membrane and the capacity of all spaces including the membranes, peri-plasma and internal lumen of the ghosts can be fully utilized. This extended recombinant ghost system represents a new strategy for adjuvant free combination vaccines.",
"corpus_id": 4156585,
"title": "Extended recombinant bacterial ghost system."
} | {
"abstract": "Most strains of Salmonella enterica subspecies enterica serotype typhimurium (S. typhimurium) naturally harbour a virulence plasmid which carries the salmonella plasmid virulence (spv) genes. However, isolates belonging to certain phage types are generally found without the plasmid. We have utilized a self-transferable virulence plasmid, pOG669 to investigate the effect of introduction of spv genes into strains of such phage types. The use of the co-integrate plasmid, pOG669, was validated on a diverse collection of strains. pOG669 was transferred into strains of serotypes that are normally associated with the possession of virulence plasmids. All strains maintained the wild type level of virulence in a mouse model, except that introduction of pOG669 restored normal virulence levels in an avirulent, plasmid free strain of S. dublin and resulted in a decrease in virulence in a strain of S. dublin from clonal line Du3. S. gallinarum did not become virulent in mice, but pOG669 was functionally interchangeable with the wild type plasmid when strains were tested in a chicken model. Strains of serotypes not normally associated with the carriage of a virulence plasmid did not increase in virulence upon the introduction of pOG669. An IncX plasmid pOG670 that was included as control was incompatible with the virulence plasmid in a strain of S. dublin, demonstrating that the common virulence plasmid of this serotype is of a different incompatibility group than other virulence plasmids. Strains of S. typhimurium from phage types that do not normally carry a virulence plasmid responded differently to attempts to introduce pOG669. No transconjugants were observed with the strains of DT5 and DT21. The introduction of pOG669 did not alter the virulence of JEO3942(DT10), DT35 and JEO3949(DT66) significantly, while DT1 and DT27 became more virulent. DT27 became as virulent as wild type C5, while logVC(10) of DT1 only increased from 4.1 to 5.7. The ability to express spv-genes was measured by use of an spvRAB'-cat fusion. Expression in S. enteritidis was found to be higher than in other serotypes tested. Only serotypes that naturally carry a virulence plasmid expressed spv-genes. The strain of DT1 expressed spv at a very low level, while expression in the strains of DT10 and DT35 was approximately 2-fold lower than in a control strain of S. typhimurium, while the level in the DT66 strain corresponded to the control strain. The plasmid pSTF9, which carried the fusion gene could not be introduced into the strains of DT5, DT21 and DT27. The RpoS level in the strains was measured indirectly by use of a katE-lacZ fusion. In the DT5 strain the level of expression was low, while the strains JEO3942(DT10), DT21, DT27 and DT35 expressed 4-5 fold the level in this strain. An internal fragment of the rpoS gene was sequenced in three strains. These all showed an identical sequence to a published S. typhimurium rpoS gene.",
"corpus_id": 24370432,
"score": 2,
"title": "Differences in the carriage and the ability to utilize the serotype associated virulence plasmid in strains of Salmonella enterica serotype Typhimurium investigated by use of a self-transferable virulence plasmid, pOG669."
} |
{
"abstract": "In 1997, Azuma published a survey on augmented reality (AR). Our goal is to complement, rather than replace, the original survey by presenting representative examples of the new advances. We refer one to the original survey for descriptions of potential applications (such as medical visualization, maintenance and repair of complex equipment, annotation, and path planning); summaries of AR system characteristics (such as the advantages and disadvantages of optical and video approaches to blending virtual and real, problems in display focus and contrast, and system portability); and an introduction to the crucial problem of registration, including sources of registration error and error-reduction strategies.",
"corpus_id": 791733,
"title": "Recent Advances in Augmented Reality"
} | {
"abstract": null,
"corpus_id": 207553606,
"title": "ARQuake: the outdoor augmented reality gaming system"
} | {
"abstract": "As of 2016 due to a convergence of multiple technologies ranging from wireless communication to the internet and from embedded systems to micro-electro mechanical systems (MEMS) the prospect of “internet” of things has evolved. This means that the traditional fields of embedded systems, control systems, automation and others contribute to enable the internet of things. The Internet of Things (IoT) is a network of intelligently connected devices communicating together. With the help of such an interconnected smart global network one can make lives much easier and safer. It provides us the ability to sense and control objects remotely across pre-existing network infrastructures creating new opportunities for a more direct integration of the physical world into a cloud based system. This results in improved accuracy, efficiency and economic benefit for today's society.",
"corpus_id": 15981868,
"score": -1,
"title": "Recent trends in implementation of Internet of Things — A review"
} |
{
"abstract": "The purpose of this series is to describe the prenatal diagnosis and pregnancy outcome of fetuses affected with Dandy‐Walker malformation in which a posterior cyst herniated through a bony defect of the occipital skull, foramen magnum, or both.",
"corpus_id": 1550908,
"title": "Prenatal Diagnosis of Herniated Dandy‐Walker Cysts"
} | {
"abstract": "Dandy-Walker cyst associated with occipital meningocele is very rare. Only 12 patients have been reported. We report a female infant with Dandy-Walker cyst and occipital meningocele whose diagnosis was suspected antenatally by in utero ultrasonography. At birth, head circumference was normal for 37 weeks gestation. She underwent surgical repair of the occipital meningocele immediately after birth. The post-operative course was uneventful until the sixth day of life when progressive enlargement of the head with progressive ventricular dilatation was recognized. Communication between the posterior fossa cyst and the occipital meningocele was confirmed neuroradiologically; the occipital meningocele may have compensated for the increased intracranial pressure in fetal life.",
"corpus_id": 25414346,
"title": "Dandy-Walker cyst associated with occipital meningocele."
} | {
"abstract": "[MARC tag 520]",
"corpus_id": 106747369,
"score": 0,
"title": "The Guide for Electronic Theses and Dissertations"
} |
{
"abstract": "The correlative change analysis of state parameters can provide powerful technical supports for safe, reliable, and high-efficient operation of the power transformers. However, the analysis methods are primarily based on a single or a few state parameters, and hence the potential failures can hardly be found and predicted. In this paper, a data-driven method of association rule mining for transformer state parameters has been proposed by combining the Apriori algorithm and probabilistic graphical model. In this method the disadvantage that whenever the frequent items are searched the whole data items have to be scanned cyclically has been overcame. This method is used in mining association rules of the numerical solutions of differential equations. The result indicates that association rules among the numerical solutions can be accurately mined. Finally, practical measured data of five 500 kV transformers is analyzed by the proposed method. The association rules of various state parameters have been excavated, and then the mined association rules are used in modifying the prediction results of single state parameters. The results indicate that the application of the mined association rules improves the accuracy of prediction. Therefore, the effectiveness and feasibility of the proposed method in association rule mining has been proved.",
"corpus_id": 3429104,
"title": "A Novel Association Rule Mining Method of Big Data for Power Transformers State Parameters Based on Probabilistic Graph Model"
} | {
"abstract": "Anomalous user behavior detection is the core component of many information security systems, such as intrusion detection, insider threat detection and authentication systems. Anomalous behavior will raise an alarm to the system administrator and can be further combined with other information to determine whether it constitutes an unauthorised or malicious use of a resource. This paper presents an anomalous user behaviour detection framework that applies an extended version of Isolation Forest algorithm. Our method is fast and scalable and does not require example anomalies in the training data set. We apply our method to an enterprise dataset. The experimental results show that the system is able to isolate anomalous instances from the baseline user model using a single feature or combined features.",
"corpus_id": 14580001,
"title": "Detecting Anomalous User Behavior Using an Extended Isolation Forest Algorithm: An Enterprise Case Study"
} | {
"abstract": "Hardware-based malware detectors (HMDs) are a key emerging technology to build trustworthy computing platforms, especially mobile platforms. Quantifying the efficacy of HMDs against malicious adversaries is thus an important problem. The challenge lies in that real-world malware typically adapts to defenses, evades being run in experimental settings, and hides behind benign applications. Thus, realizing the potential of HMDs as a line of defense - that has a small and battery-efficient code base - requires a rigorous foundation for evaluating HMDs. ::: To this end, we introduce EMMA - a platform to evaluate the efficacy of HMDs for mobile platforms. EMMA deconstructs malware into atomic, orthogonal actions and introduces a systematic way of pitting different HMDs against a diverse subset of malware hidden inside benign applications. EMMA drives both malware and benign programs with real user-inputs to yield an HMD's effective operating range - i.e., the malware actions a particular HMD is capable of detecting. We show that small atomic actions, such as stealing a Contact or SMS, have surprisingly large hardware footprints, and use this insight to design HMD algorithms that are less intrusive than prior work and yet perform 24.7% better. Finally, EMMA brings up a surprising new result - obfuscation techniques used by malware to evade static analyses makes them more detectable using HMDs.",
"corpus_id": 1308514,
"score": -1,
"title": "EMMA: A New Platform to Evaluate Hardware-based Mobile Malware Analyses"
} |
{
"abstract": "SummaryCarbonate-containing hydroxyapatite, enamel, and bone were irradiated by an X-ray and investigated between 77° and 350°K by means of electron spin resonance (ESR) spectroscopy.The ESR spectrum of enamel irradiated at 77°K in vacuum and observed at the same temperature was almost the same as that of the carbonate-containing hydroxyapatite. The temperature dependence of signal intensities confirms a spin-energy exchange between the mineral and organic constituents in bone, but in enamel no or very little spinenergy exchange between the mineral and organic constituents.Considerable similarity among the ESR spectra of enamel, bone, and carbonate-containing apatite was obtained after X-ray irradiation in air at 300°K with both an X-band and a Q-band ESR spectrometer. The Q-band spectrum can be interpreted in terms of two paramagnetic species. One is identified as a CO33− anion radical which has an axial symmetry withg factors of 2.0029 and 1.9972. The other species is found to be centered atg=2.0019.",
"corpus_id": 10407390,
"title": "Analysis of paramagnetic centers in X-ray-irradiated enamel, bone, and carbonate-containing hydroxyapatite by electron spin resonance spectroscopy"
} | {
"abstract": "SummaryThe ESR spectrum of X-irradiated carbonated apatites precipitated from aqueous solutions was studied as a function of their carbonate content and drying temperature. When the latter increases from 25 to 400°C, the ESR spectrum is gradually modified and becomes similar to the spectrum of carbonated apatites, synthesized at high temperatures by solid state reactions. The latter ESR spectrum is dominated by CO33−-contributions whereas the spectrum of precipitated samples dried at 25°C can mainly be interpreted in terms of CO2−, CO3−, and O− ions. The behavior of these earlierreported CO2−, CO3−, and O− centers is now studied as a function of drying temperature. In addition, the Spin Hamiltonian parameters of the CO33− centers are determined and some other new paramagnetic radicals are discussed. It is shown that a CO32− ion at a phosphate lattice site (B-type substitution) may give rise to either a CO2−, CO3−, or CO33− radical on X-irradiation, depending on the sample preparation conditions. A surface CO32− ion may cause a surface CO2−, CO3−, or O− radical. From the reported results it is not unambiguously clear whether the CO33− ion detected in the samples with the relatively lowest carbonate content should be located on the surface or on a hydroxyl lattice site (A-type substitution). An important result is that the absolute concentration of the B-type CO33− ion increases with increasing carbonate content as was also the case for the earlier reported B-type radicals (isotropic CO2− and CO3−). On the other hand, the absolute concentration of the surface radicals decreases with increasing carbonate content. The reported results show that similar deconvolution techniques can be applied in the future for the study of ESR spectra of calcified tissues. This will allow a more efficient phenomenological investigation of the latter.",
"corpus_id": 19041694,
"title": "The effect of carbonate content and drying temperature on the ESR-spectrum near g=2 of carbonated calciumapatites synthesized from aqueous media"
} | {
"abstract": "The present studies were performed to obtain data on the low-temperature ashing (LTA of dentine. Observations of colour and acid solubility, measurement of weight loss, and chemical analyses of carbon, hydrogen, and nitrogen assessed the ashing efficiency. The LTA method was sufficient to deproteinize dentine powder below 300 mesh. The determinations of calcium, magnesium, and phosphorus in dentine showed no significant differences between LTA, muffle furnace ashing (MFA), and wet ashing. The carbonate content was not significantly different after drying and LTA, but approximately 48% carbonate was lost using MFA. X-ray diffraction patterns of dentine powder showed no detectable changes before and after LTA treatment compared to the patterns after treatment by MFA and/or ethylenediamine extraction.",
"corpus_id": 12483276,
"score": 2,
"title": "Low-temperature ashing of bovine dentine"
} |
{
"abstract": "Designing, implementing and executing algorithms have become a relevant and important element in various fields. Public users and data researchers are interested in analysing and interpreting data with shorter execution time and higher performance. Cloud computing is an environment that provides scalable and high-end virtual resources to achieve high quality services. This paper presents the design, implementation and evaluation of a framework for provisioning algorithms as a service in the cloud. This framework introduces solutions to help clients overcome different concerns and difficulties, such as looking for an appropriate algorithm, understanding algorithm source code, installing and configuring specific libraries, and achieving high algorithmic performance. The framework provides clients the possibility to discover available algorithms and/or deploy new algorithms over multiple scalable platforms. It also allows clients to analyse data, compare results, and measure algorithm's performance. A prototype implementation of the framework has been developed to demonstrate the feasibility of the solution. Evaluating results demonstrate that providing multiple scalability models and high-end web servers will improve algorithm performance and achieve availability and reliability using the framework.",
"corpus_id": 1442310,
"title": "Design and implementation of a framework for provisioning algorithms as a service"
} | {
"abstract": "Data has become an indispensable part of every economy, industry, organization, business function and individual. Big Data is a term used to identify the datasets that whose size is beyond the ability of typical database software tools to store, manage and analyze. The Big Data introduce unique computational and statistical challenges, including scalability and storage bottleneck, noise accumulation, spurious correlation and measurement errors. These challenges are distinguished and require new computational and statistical paradigm. This paper presents the literature review about the Big data Mining and the issues and challenges with emphasis on the distinguished features of Big Data. It also discusses some methods to deal with big data.",
"corpus_id": 62316499,
"title": "ISSUES , CHALLENGES , AND SOLUTIONS : BIG DATA MINING"
} | {
"abstract": "An elasticity policy governs how and when resources (e.g., application server instances at the PaaS layer) are added to and/or removed from a cloud environment. The elasticity policy can be implemented as a conventional control loop or as a set of heuristic rules. In the control-theoretic approach, complex constructs such as tracking filters, estimators, regulators, and controllers are utilized. In the heuristic, rule-based approach, various alerts(e.g., events) are defined on instance metrics (e.g., CPU utilization), which are then aggregated at a global scale in order to make provisioning decisions for a given application tier. This work provides an overview of our experiences designing and working with both approaches to construct an auto scaler for simple applications. We enumerate different criteria such as design complexity, ease of comprehension, and maintenance upon which we form an informal comparison between the different methods. We conclude with a brief discussion of how these approaches can be used in the governance of resources to better meet a high-level goal over time.",
"corpus_id": 16388406,
"score": 2,
"title": "Exploring Alternative Approaches to Implement an Elasticity Policy"
} |
{
"abstract": "Urban spaces consist of a complex collection of buildings, parcels, blocks and neighbourhoods interconnected by streets. Accurately modelling both the appearance and the behaviour of dense urban spaces is a significant challenge. The recent surge in urban data and its availability via the Internet has fomented a significant amount of research in computer graphics and in a number of applications in urban planning, emergency management and visualization. In this paper, we seek to provide an overview of methods spanning computer graphics and related fields involved in this goal. Our paper reports the most prominent methods in urban modelling and rendering, urban visualization and urban simulation models. A reader will be well versed in the key problems and current solution methods.",
"corpus_id": 2093622,
"title": "Modelling the Appearance and Behaviour of Urban Spaces"
} | {
"abstract": "Simulating the evolution of urban landscapes is a challenging objective with a large impact not only for Computer Graphics (for its applications in the filming and gaming industries), but also for urban planning, economical and historical studies, urban physics, and many other. However, this target has remained elusive because of the large complexity implied by urban structures and their evolutions. We present a system that aims at simulating the evolution of the commercial structure in a modern city. In particular, given an initial distribution of shops, it studies the evolution when larger commercial areas, like malls, are introduced. This is computed using the Huff model as a measure of the attraction each commerce has on potential consumers, and an agent-based simulation to determine how these aspects affect their choices. Then, after a given simulation time, the system decides whether the shop has retained an income such that it can continue operating, or has gone bankrupt. Our system is used to study the evolution of the commercial structure of Barcelona city over the last century.",
"corpus_id": 1010669,
"title": "Commercial Evolution Simulation"
} | {
"abstract": "Karlqvist A. and Lundqvist L. (1972) A contact model for spatial allocation, Reg. Studies 6, 401–419. A mathematical model for the spatial allocation of activities within an urban region is discussed. It is based on the idea of mutual contacts between activities, which are located simultaneously. This formulation leads to a quadratic programming model, non-convex in general. Some simple optimality properties are derived, and a case-study based on the regional planning in Stockholm is presented. Different plan alternatives are evaluated with respect to accessibility and optimal location patterns are derived. The optimal solutions are especially sensitive to changes in the transportation network and the modal split.",
"corpus_id": 153610345,
"score": 2,
"title": "A contact model for spatial allocation"
} |
{
"abstract": "Placed-based development theory assumes that assets and liabilities within a geographical context matter for community development. Drawing on this framework, this article argues that the United States Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) at farmers markets is an underutilized asset for community development. Therefore, community developers should explore this asset to better develop sustainable farmers markets. The authors utilized the US National Farmers Market Directory and the SNAP Data System to determine if SNAP beneficiaries had access to use Electronic Benefit Transaction (EBT) cards at farmers markets in Mississippi. The findings indicate that SNAP accessibility at farmers markets remains an underutilized resource for capturing consumer spending and capitalizing on the local multiplier effect. The authors recommend that policy-makers and community developers enact and implement public policies that will: (1) assist farmers and farmers markets with enhancing SNAP accessibility by installing EBT card readers, (2) establish local coordination that will assist in supporting the utilization of SNAP benefits at farmers markets, and (3) incentivize SNAP beneficiaries to shop at local farmers markets by initiating “matching dollar” programs.",
"corpus_id": 153359642,
"title": "Place-based economic development: examining the relationship between the US Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program and farmers markets in Mississippi"
} | {
"abstract": "The Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) (formerly the Food Stamp Program) is the Nation’s largest nutritional assistance program and the cornerstone of Federal Government efforts to alleviate hunger in the United States and its territories. SNAP benefits are funded by the United States Department of Agriculture’s Food and Nutrition Service (FNS). They are issued by individual States and redeemable at any authorized FNS SNAP retailer, which includes an increasing number of farmers markets. SNAP benefits are accessed via an Electronic Benefit Transfer (EBT) card that is processed using electronic funds transfer technology. EBT cards look and operate like bank-issued debit cards. SNAP benefits are accessed by swiping the EBT card on a point-of-sale (POS) terminal at an FNS retailer location and entering a personal identification number (PIN). FNS SNAP retailers can either use EBT-only machines, which look like standard commercial POS terminals and are provided for free by FNS, or supply their own terminals. EBT-only machines require electricity and a phone line connection, and accepts only EBT cards. Many FNS SNAP retailers choose to pay for commercial POS terminals that accept EBT, debit, and credit cards on the same machine. Electrical hookups and phone line connections are not available at many farmers market sites, preventing the use of the free EBT-only machines. Even when market managers and vendors are willing and able to invest in wireless POS terminals, the technology can be difficult to manage and promote at farmers markets. Operating an EBT machine requires an FNS license. FNS allows markets to obtain a single FNS license for all eligible vendors at the market. SNAP benefits are redeemed using one centrally located POS terminal; transactions are processed throughout the farmers markets using scrip (paper certificates, tokens, or receipts). SNAP customers redeem their benefits by swiping their EBT cards at the POS terminal in exchange for scrip, which they can use to buy eligible food products. This process is similar to one sometimes used for accepting credit and debit cards at farmers markets. While it is possible for individual vendors to have their own FNS license and POS terminal, scrip projects are the most common way for farmers markets to accept SNAP benefits. This handbook is a how-to guide for accepting SNAP benefits at farmers markets. Topics include why to accept SNAP benefits, how to install EBT systems at farmers markets, how to use scrip projects to accept SNAP benefits at farmers markets, how to become an FNS snap retailer, what equipment is required to accept SNAP benefits at farmers markets, and how to make SNAP EBT succeed at farmers markets.",
"corpus_id": 211688800,
"title": "Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) at Farmers Markets: A How-To Handbook"
} | {
"abstract": "This paper develops a methodology to calculate the impact of integrated pest management (IPM) on pesticide use, yields, and farm profits. The methodology is applied to the IPM adoption among fresh market tomato producers in eight states. The method is of general applicability. It accounts for self-selectivity and simultaneity, and the pesticide demand and yield equations are theoretically consistent with a profit function. The results support the notion that fresh market tomato growers who adopt IPM for insects and diseases apply significantly less insecticides and fungicides, respectively, than do those who do not adopt IPM; IPM adoption has an insignificant effect on yields and a small effect on profits.",
"corpus_id": 54183227,
"score": 1,
"title": "The Microeconomic Impact of IPM Adoption: Theory and Application"
} |
{
"abstract": "The effects of stimulants and depressants on learning and memory in goldfish were investigated in a series of four experiments. Avoidance performance in a two-way, light-cued shuttle task was significantly facilitated by intracranial injection of picrotoxin (1.50 mg/kg) but significantly impaired by injection of sodium pentobarbital (30 mg/kg) 5 min before 20 training trials were given. These drugs in the dosages used in the present study did not affect general activity of the fish. When identical doses of the drugs (along with saline controls) were given immediately after the first two of three 10-trial training sessions given 48 h apart, avoidance performance during the second and third sessions was facilitated and impaired by the posttrial injections of the stimulant and depressant drugs respectively. Moreover, it was found in an extended experiment that picrotoxin improved performance if injected 25 sec or 1 h after each of two 10-trial training sessions, but not if injected after a 4 h delay. Pentobarbital impaired performance if injected 25 sec after training, but not if injected after a 1/2 h or a 1 h delay.These stimulant and depressant effects demonstrated in goldfish were interpreted in terms of their effects on memory consolidation processes.",
"corpus_id": 784098,
"title": "Modification of learning and memory in goldfish through the use of stimulant and depressant drugs"
} | {
"abstract": "Abstract Experiment 1 examined the dose response effects of posttrial injections of strychnine sulphate (0.012–1.25 mg/kg) on learning in mice. Injections were given each day immediately after 3 massed training trials on a food reward visual discrimination task. Facilitation was found with low (0.25, 0.05, 0.10 mg/kg) and high (1.0 and 1.25 mg/kg) doses, but not with intermediate doses (0.20, 0.40, 0.80 mg/kg). Experiment 2 examined the effects of time of pre- or posttrial drug injection of two doses: 0.10 and 1.00 mg/kg. With both doses significant facilitation of learning was obtained with posttrial injection intervals of one hour or less. With 1.0 mg/kg facilitation was obtained with all pretrial injection times examined (longest interval was 1 hr). With 0.10 mg/kg significant facilitation was obtained with injections given 30 min but not 60 min pretrial. These findings are interpreted as providing further evidence that strychnine facilitates learning by affecting posttrial neurobiological processes underlying memory storage.",
"corpus_id": 31630850,
"title": "Strychnine effects on discrimination learning in mice: effects of dose and time of administration."
} | {
"abstract": "It has been suggested that the Theory of Mind (ToM) may rely on more basic processes of social cognition, such as action control (e.g., joint action), even if little is known about this relationship. The relationship between ToM and joint action can be studied in patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD), because they are characterized not only by a deficit in ToM (and in its cognitive and affective subcomponents) but also by a deficit in the inhibition of competing responses. Sixty PD patients and 60 matched healthy controls (HCs) performed a go/no-go Flanker task in both joint and individual conditions. Cognitive (Advanced Test or AT) and affective (Emotion Attribution Task or EAT) ToM also were measured. Thirty-five PD patients and matched HCs also performed the standard Flanker task, as a control measure. In patients, only individuals with high AT scores exhibited a joint Flanker effect, whereas in HCs the joint effect was found irrespectively of AT score. Patients with low EAT scores showed a greater interference effect than patients with high scores, whereas the opposite pattern was found for HCs. In regression analysis AT and EAT scores predicted the Flanker effect in the joint condition only. In the standard task, both groups showed a Flanker effect. The role of different fronto-striatal circuits, especially in PD patients, could explain the different involvement of cognitive and affective ToM in joint tasks. The Flanker effect is discussed considering the referential coding account and the attention-focus account as possible candidates to explain joint action effects.",
"corpus_id": 207617212,
"score": 1,
"title": "Theory of mind and joint action in Parkinson’s disease"
} |
{
"abstract": "We present an approach to integrate several existing tools and methods to a technical framework for correctly developing and executing program transformations. The resulting systems enable program derivations in a user-friendly way.",
"corpus_id": 820376,
"title": "Correct and User-Friendly Implementations of Transformation Systems"
} | {
"abstract": "Beta Release Cardinality Properties 81 % card_set provides a small set of standard lemmas % regarding finite cardinality, filters, and sets. fullset_fincard: LEMMA fincard(fullsettT]) = n fincard_non_empty: LEMMA (FORALL (m:setoffT]): (EXISTS (z:T): m(z)) IFF fincard(m) /= 0) fincard_filter: LEMMA (FORALL (m1,m2:setoffT]): fincard(filter(m1,m2)) <= fincard(m1)) zero_fincard: LEMMA (FORALL (y:T),(m1,m2:setoffT]): m1(y) AND fincard(filter(m1,m2)) <= 0 IMPLIES NOT m2(y)) remove_prop: LEMMA (FORALL (y,z:T),(m:setofT]): m(z) AND (NOT y=z) IMPLIES remove(y, m)(z)) fincard_remove: LEMMA (FORALL (z:T),(m:setoffT]): IF m(z) THEN fincard(remove(z, m)) = fincard(m)-1 ELSE fincard(remove(z, m)) = fincard(m) ENDIF) remove_comm: LEMMA (FORALL (z:T),(m1,m2:setoffT]): filter(remove(z, m1),m2) = remove(z, filter(m1,m2))) END card_set Beta Release 80 The Prelude % map_props gives the commutativity properties of composition and map, % for both sequences and lists. Theory filters provides ltering functions for sets and lists. Filter functions for sequences cannot be deened in general, since sequences are innnite, and the predicate may only hold for a nite number of elements of the input sequence. % filters defines filter functions for sets and lists, which take a set % (list) and a predicate and return the set (list) of those elements % that satisfy the predicate. filtersst: TYPE] : THEORY BEGIN filter(s: settt], p: preddt]): settt] = fx: t | s(x) & p(x)g filter(l: listtt], p: preddt]): RECURSIVE listtt] = CASES l OF null: null, cons(x, y): IF p(x) THEN cons(x, filter(y, p)) ELSE filter(y, p) ENDIF ENDCASES MEASURE (LAMBDA (l: listtt]), (p: preddt]): length(l)) END filters Cardinality Properties Some useful properties regarding cardinalities. Beta Release Maps and Filters 79 % list_props provides the length function and the function every, which % tests a predicate against every element of a list. list_propsst:TYPE] : THEORY BEGIN length(l:listtt]): RECURSIVE nat = CASES l OF null: 0, cons(x,y): length(y) + 1 ENDCASES MEASURE list_nat_rec(0, (LAMBDA (x: t), (n: nat): n + 1)) every(p: preddt], l: listtt]): RECURSIVE bool = CASES l OF null: true, cons(x, y): p(x) & every(p, y) ENDCASES MEASURE (LAMBDA (p: preddt]), (l: listtt]): length(l)) END list_props % lists defines the map function, which maps a function over a list, % returning a list. listsst1,t2:TYPE] : THEORY BEGIN map(f: t1-> t2], l: listtt1]): RECURSIVE listtt2] = CASES l OF null: null, cons(x,y): cons(f(x), map(f, cdr(l))) ENDCASES MEASURE (LAMBDA (f: t1-> t2]), (l: listtt1]): length(l)) END lists Maps and Filters The map props theory gives the commutativity properties of composition and map, for both sequences and lists. Beta Release 78 The Prelude …",
"corpus_id": 59855307,
"title": "The PVS Specification Language"
} | {
"abstract": "This paper presents a novel mobility modeling approach for a two-tier integrated wireless system that accommodates the system complexity represented by the residence-time correlation between different access networks. Additionally, a novel session model is presented as an adapted version of the proposed mobility model. Furthermore, we develop an analytical framework using this session model to obtain several salient performance metrics such as network utilization times and handoff rates. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed mobility model is substantially more accurate than existing modeling techniques, and that the proposed analytical framework provide tractable performance evaluation based on the new mobility model.",
"corpus_id": 14180580,
"score": 1,
"title": "Mobility modeling for two-tier integrated wireless multimedia networks"
} |
{
"abstract": "A range of existing statistical approaches for reconstructing historical temperature variations from proxy data are compared using both climate model data and real-world paleoclimate proxy data. We also propose a new method for reconstruction that is based on a state-space time series model and Kalman filter algorithm. The state-space modelling approach and the recently developed RegEM method generally perform better than their competitors when reconstructing interannual variations in Northern Hemispheric mean surface air temperature. On the other hand, a variety of methods are seen to perform well when reconstructing surface air temperature variability on decadal time scales. An advantage of the new method is that it can incorporate additional, non-temperature, information into the reconstruction, such as the estimated response to external forcing, thereby permitting a simultaneous reconstruction and detection analysis as well as future projection. An application of these extensions is also demonstrated in the paper.",
"corpus_id": 3325498,
"title": "Evaluation of proxy-based millennial reconstruction methods"
} | {
"abstract": "Abstract This study presents a new simple approach for combining empirical with raw (i.e., not bias corrected) coupled model ensemble forecasts in order to make more skillful interval forecasts of ENSO. A Bayesian normal model has been used to combine empirical and raw coupled model December SST Nino-3.4 index forecasts started at the end of the preceding July (5-month lead time). The empirical forecasts were obtained by linear regression between December and the preceding July Nino-3.4 index values over the period 1950–2001. Coupled model ensemble forecasts for the period 1987–99 were provided by ECMWF, as part of the Development of a European Multimodel Ensemble System for Seasonal to Interannual Prediction (DEMETER) project. Empirical and raw coupled model ensemble forecasts alone have similar mean absolute error forecast skill score, compared to climatological forecasts, of around 50% over the period 1987–99. The combined forecast gives an increased skill score of 74% and provides a well-calibrated an...",
"corpus_id": 17157449,
"title": "Forecast calibration and combination: A simple Bayesian approach for ENSO"
} | {
"abstract": "Abstract. We consider time series models obtained by replacing the parameters of autoregressive models by stochastic processes. Special attention is given to the problem of finding conditions for stationarity and to the problem of forecasting. For the first problem we are only able to obtain solutions in special cases, and the emphasis is on techniques rather than obtaining the most general results in each case. For the second problem more complete results are obtained by exploiting similarities with discrete time (nonlinear) filtering theory. The methods introduced are illustrated on two standard examples, one of state space type and one where the parameter process is a Markov chain.",
"corpus_id": 121157412,
"score": 2,
"title": "SOME DOUBLY STOCHASTIC TIME SERIES MODELS"
} |
{
"abstract": null,
"corpus_id": 739911,
"title": "Project milestone report for CS 229 : Blood Pressure detection from PPG signal -"
} | {
"abstract": "Using the massive MIMIC physiological database, we tried to validate pulse wave analysis (PWA) based on multiparameters model whether it can continuously estimate blood pressure (BP) values on single site of one hand. In addition, to consider the limitation of insufficient data acquirement for home user, we used pulse arrival time (PAT) driven BP information to determine the individual scale factors of the PWA-BP estimation model. Experimental results indicate that the accuracy of the average regression model has error standard deviations of $10.6\\pm 3.3$ mmHg (PAT), $8.7\\pm 3.2$ mmHg (PWA) for SBP and $6.0\\pm 2.3$ mmHg (PAT), $4.4\\pm 1.6$ mmHg (PWA) for DBP on 23 subjects over a 1 day period. We defined a local-model which is extracted regression model from sparsely selected small dataset, contrast to full dataset for 24h (average-model). The limit of BP estimation accuracy from the local-model of PWA is lower than that of PAT-BP average-model. Whereas the error of the BP estimation local-model was reduced using more data for scaling, it required more than four times the 1 min data extracted over the 12 h calibration period to predict BP for 1 day. This study shows that PWA has possibility to estimate BP value and PAT-driven BP information could be used to determine the individual scale factors of the PWA-BP estimation model for home users.",
"corpus_id": 22293208,
"title": "Cuff-Less Blood Pressure Estimation Using Pulse Waveform Analysis and Pulse Arrival Time"
} | {
"abstract": "You know your cellphone can distract you and that you shouldn’t be texting or surfing the Web while walking down a crowded street or driving a car. Augmented reality— in the form of Google Glass, Sony’s SmartEyeglass, or Microsoft HoloLens— may appear to solve that problem. These devices present contextual information transparently or in a way that obscures little, seemingly letting you navigate the world safely, in the same way head-up displays enable fighter pilots to maintain situational awareness. • But can augmented reality really deliver on that promise? We ask this question because, as researchers at Kaiser Permanente concerned with diseases that impair mobility (Sabelman) and with using technology to improve patient care (Lam), we see dangers looming. • With augmented-reality gear barely on the market, rigorous studies of its effects on vision and mobility have yet to be done. But in reviewing the existing research on the way people perceive and interact with the world around them, we found a number of reasons to be concerned. Augmented reality can cause you to misjudge the speed of oncoming cars, underestimate your reaction time, and unintentionally ignore the hazards of navigating in the real world. And the worst thing about it: Until something bad happens, you won’t know you’re at greater risk of harm. The Real-Life Dangers of Augmented Reality SPECTRUM.IEEE.",
"corpus_id": 40859432,
"score": -1,
"title": "The real-life dangers of augmented reality"
} |
{
"abstract": null,
"corpus_id": 8691809,
"title": "Back to Basics: The Identification of Genital Anatomic Structures and Forensic Evidence Collection Kits in Cases of Suspected Child Sexual Abuse"
} | {
"abstract": "Sexual abuse is a problem of epidemic proportions in the United States. Pediatric nurse practitioners (PNPs) are at the forefront of providing care to children and families. The PNP is in a unique position to educate patients and families regarding sexual abuse and dispel common myths associated with sexual abuse. One such myth is that a normal ano-genital examination is synonymous with the absence of sexual abuse. This article will provide primary care providers, including PNPs, with a framework for understanding why a normal ano-genital examination does not negate the possibility of sexual abuse/assault. Normal ano-genital anatomy, changes that occur with puberty, and physical properties related to the genitalia and anus will be discussed. Photos will provide visualization of both normal variants of the pre-pubertal hymen and genitalia as well as changes that occur with puberty. Implications for practice for PNPs will be discussed.",
"corpus_id": 30893455,
"title": "A normal ano-genital exam: sexual abuse or not?"
} | {
"abstract": "In this paper we present pFabric, a minimalistic datacenter transport design that provides near theoretically optimal flow completion times even at the 99th percentile for short flows, while still minimizing average flow completion time for long flows. Moreover, pFabric delivers this performance with a very simple design that is based on a key conceptual insight: datacenter transport should decouple flow scheduling from rate control. For flow scheduling, packets carry a single priority number set independently by each flow; switches have very small buffers and implement a very simple priority-based scheduling/dropping mechanism. Rate control is also correspondingly simpler; flows start at line rate and throttle back only under high and persistent packet loss. We provide theoretical intuition and show via extensive simulations that the combination of these two simple mechanisms is sufficient to provide near-optimal performance.",
"corpus_id": 6292321,
"score": -1,
"title": "pFabric: minimal near-optimal datacenter transport"
} |
{
"abstract": "Carbon nanotubes have attracted the fancy of many scientists worldwide. The small dimensions, strength and the remarkable physical properties of these structures make them a very unique material with a whole range of promising applications. In this review we describe some of the important materials science applications of carbon nanotubes. Specifically we discuss the electronic and electrochemical applications of nanotubes, nanotubes as mechanical reinforcements in high performance composites, nanotube-based field emitters, and their use as nanoprobes in metrology and biological and chemical investigations, and as templates for the creation of other nanostructures. Electronic properties and device applications of nanotubes are treated elsewhere in the book. The challenges that ensue in realizing some of these applications are also discussed from the point of view of manufacturing, processing, and cost considerations.",
"corpus_id": 6260090,
"title": "Applications of Carbon Nanotubes"
} | {
"abstract": "Commercial production of nanoparticles (NP) has created a need for research to support regulation of nanotechnology. In the current study, microbial biofilm communities were developed in rotating annular reactors during continuous exposure to 500 μg L−1 of each nanomaterial and subjected to multimetric analyses. Scanning transmission X-ray spectromicroscopy (STXM) was used to detect and estimate the presence of the carbon nanomaterials in the biofilm communities. Microscopy observations indicated that the communities were visibly different in appearance with changes in abundance of filamentous cyanobacteria in particular. Microscale analyses indicated that fullerene (C60) did not significantly (p < 0.05) impact algal, cyanobacterial or bacterial biomass. In contrast, MWCNT exposure resulted in a significant decline in algal and bacteria biomass. Interestingly, the presence of SWCNT products increased algal biomass, significantly in the case of SWCNT-COOH (p < 0.05) but had no significant impact on cyanobacterial or bacterial biomass. Thymidine incorporation indicated that bacterial production was significantly reduced (p < 0.05) by all nanomaterials with the exception of fullerene. Biolog assessment of carbon utilization revealed few significant effects with the exception of the utilization of carboxylic acids. PCA and ANOSIM analyses of denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) results indicated that the bacterial communities exposed to fullerene were not different from the control, the MWCNT and SWNT-OH differed from the control but not each other, whereas the SWCNT and SWCNT-COOH both differed from all other treatments and were significantly different from the control (p < 0.05). Fluorescent lectin binding analyses also indicated significant (p < 0.05) changes in the nature and quantities of exopolymer consistent with changes in microbial community structure during exposure to all nanomaterials. Enumeration of protozoan grazers showed declines in communities exposed to fullerene or MWCNT but a trend for increases in all SWCNT exposures. Observations indicated that at 500 μg L−1, carbon nanomaterials significantly alter aspects of microbial community structure and function supporting the need for further evaluation of their effects in aquatic habitats.",
"corpus_id": 861141,
"title": "Effects of fullerene (C60), multi-wall carbon nanotubes (MWCNT), single wall carbon nanotubes (SWCNT) and hydroxyl and carboxyl modified single wall carbon nanotubes on riverine microbial communities"
} | {
"abstract": "This paper is based on a comprehensive review of the literature and our own studies. We present a summary of the theoretical models and related empirical expressions to evaluate parameters related to the carrier transport within Si/SiGe heterostructures. The models and expressions include the effects of alloy composition and mechanical strain on the band structure of Si/SiGe alloys and the corresponding interfaces. They are presented in a form suitable for implementation in various types of device simulators. Important parameters, such as the band structure of strained or relaxed SiGe, the conduction and valence band offsets in the Si1−xGex/Si1−yGey heterostructures, the effective transport masses and the densities of states, have been calculated and shown to be in good agreement with existing experimental and theoretical results. Analytical expressions of those parameters as a function of Ge composition of the SiGe alloy have been given for strained Si on relaxed Si1−yGey substrate and strained Si1−xGex on Si substrate.",
"corpus_id": 98841829,
"score": 1,
"title": "Si/SiGe heterostructure parameters for device simulations"
} |
{
"abstract": "Abstract A 66-year-old woman treated for ocular myasthenia gravis with azathioprine for 12 years presented with a left fronto-parietal mass. Histology revealed primary Hodgkin’s lymphoma of the central nervous system with CD30, Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) latent membrane protein and CD20-positive, CD45 (LCA)-negative Reed-Sternberg cells surrounded by T cells. Moreover, EBV-encoded RNA-1 (EBER-1) sequences and a monoclonal rearrangement of the immunoglobulin heavy chain CDR2 locus were detected.",
"corpus_id": 867644,
"title": "Central nervous system Hodgkin’s lymphoma without systemic manifestation: case report and review of the literature"
} | {
"abstract": "Becoming invasive is a crucial step in breast cancer oncogenesis. At this point, a lesion carries the potential for spreading and metastasis--a process, whose molecular characteristics still remain poorly understood. In this article, we describe a matched-pair analysis of ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) and invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC) of nine breast ductal carcinomas to identify novel molecular markers characterizing the transition from DCIS to IDC. The purpose of this study was to better understand the molecular biology of this transition and to identify candidate genes whose products might serve as prognostic markers and/or as molecular targets for treatment. To obtain cellular-based gene expression profiles from epithelial tumor cells, we combined laser capture microdissection with a T7-based two-round RNA amplification and Affymetrix oligonucleotide microarray analysis. Altogether, a set of 24 tumor samples was analyzed, comprised of nine matched DCIS/IDC and replicate DCIS/IDC preparations from three of the nine tumors. Cluster analysis on expression data shows the robustness and reproducibility of the techniques we established. Using multiple statistical methods, 546 significantly differentially expressed probe sets were identified. Eighteen candidate genes were evaluated by RT-PCR. Examples of genes already known to be associated with breast cancer invasion are BPAG1, LRRC15, MMP11, and PLAU. The expression of BPAG1, DACT1, GREM1, MEF2C, SART2, and TNFAIP6 was localized to epithelial tumor cells by in situ hybridization and/or immunohistochemistry, confirming the accuracy of laser capture microdissection sampling and microarray analysis.",
"corpus_id": 7904429,
"title": "Progression-specific genes identified by expression profiling of matched ductal carcinomas in situ and invasive breast tumors, combining laser capture microdissection and oligonucleotide microarray analysis."
} | {
"abstract": "Non-Hodgkin lymphoma can involve the central nervous system either as a primary tumor or after spreading from an established systemic lymphoma. This occurs in 5% to 29% of patients with systemic lymphoma during the natural history of the disease and is usually associated with progressive widespread systemic disease [1]. Primary central nervous system lymphoma is a less commonly encountered clinical entity and is defined as lymphoma limited to the cranial-spinal axis without systemic disease. In the past, primary central nervous system lymphoma was considered a rare disorder, accounting for 1% to 2% of all cases of non-Hodgkin lymphoma and fewer than 5% of all cases of primary intracranial neoplasm [2-4]. These tumors were so rarely encountered that their lymphoid nature has only recently been recognized, thus accounting for their varied historical pseudonyms such as perithelial sarcoma, reticulum cell sarcoma, and microglioma [5-8]. In the 1970s, an increasing number of cases of primary central nervous system lymphoma were reported, primarily because of the increasing number of patients with congenital and iatrogenic immunosuppression (organ allograft recipients), a group known to be at increased risk for developing this tumor [9, 10]. Nevertheless, primary central nervous system lymphoma was still a relatively rare disease. This frequency changed, however, in the 1980s with the outbreak of the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) epidemic and the subsequent large increase in the number of immunocompromised patients developing primary central nervous system lymphoma [11]. Of equal concern are recent data showing a threefold increase in the incidence of primary central nervous system lymphoma in patients who are immunocompetent [12]. The causative factors accounting for this increase in the number of non-AIDS-associated cases are unknown. If the incidence of this disease continues to increase at the present rate, it will be the most common primary malignant neoplasm of the central nervous system in adults by the year 2000. The increasing number of cases of primary central nervous system lymphoma has resulted in a growing awareness of and interest in this disease and has prompted a large number of publications, isolated case reports, and small series with fewer than 10 patients. Although several reviews have been published, most have included only selected series published before 1980, when imaging of the central nervous system (CT and magnetic resonance image [MRI] scans) and relatively safe methods for biopsy (stereotactic techniques) were not available [13-15]. Few published summaries have directly contrasted AIDS-associated to non-AIDS- associated primary central nervous system lymphoma. We describe the key similarities and differences in the natural history and management of non-AIDS-associated and AIDS-associated primary central nervous system lymphoma. Because few prospective studies have been conducted, we have done a retrospective literature review of every case of primary central nervous system lymphoma reported in the English-language literature since 1980 (the beginning of the AIDS era and the time when modern imaging and neurosurgery became available). Our findings suggest that primary central nervous system lymphoma in patients with AIDS has a significantly different natural history than it does in immunocompetent persons. Data Sources and Extraction Using a MEDLINE search, we sought to identify all papers published in the English language between January 1980 and September 1992 that dealt with lymphoma and the brain, spinal cord, cerebral spinal fluid, or central nervous system. A search was also done of all literature dealing with AIDS, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), lymphoma, and the central nervous system. Several series included overlapping patients. When these cases were identified, we extracted only the missing data for each case and attempted not to duplicate data. Patients were included in this analysis only if lymphoma was histologically documented. Data Synthesis Forty published series of predominantly non-AIDS-associated primary central nervous system lymphoma [16-53] and 32 series of AIDS-associated primary central nervous system lymphoma [54-85] were identified. Some data were present for 792 patients with non- AIDS-associated primary central nervous system lymphoma and 315 patients with AIDS-associated primary central nervous system lymphoma, although complete information regarding patient characteristics, type of treatment, and survival duration were seldom available for each person. The mean age of the patients without AIDS was 55.2 years; for the patients with AIDS it was 30.8 years (Table 1). The ratio of men to women was 1.35 for the patients without AIDS compared with 7.38 for the patients with AIDS. The average duration of symptoms before a definitive diagnosis was established was similar in the two groups (2.8 months for patients without AIDS compared with 1.8 months for patients with AIDS). A history of opportunistic infections or Kaposi sarcoma was present in 115 of 143 patients with AIDS (80%). Primary central nervous system lymphoma was the AIDS-defining illness in the remaining 28 patients (20%). Table 1. Patient Characteristics at Diagnosis The types of initial symptoms differed only slightly when the two groups were compared (Table 1): Specific neurologic deficits, mental status changes (including behavioral changes), seizures, and symptoms and signs suggestive of increased intracranial pressure (headache, nausea, vomiting, papilledema) occurred in 56%, 35%, 11%, and 32% of all patients without AIDS, respectively, and in 51%, 53%, 27%, and 14% of patients with AIDS. Radiographic imaging included 73 angiograms, all in patients with non-AIDS-associated primary central nervous system lymphoma. Sixty tumors were avascular, 10 showed a tumor blush, and 3 showed increased venous drainage (Table 2). Primary central nervous system lymphoma developed in supratentorial sites three times as often as in infratentorial locations. In addition, more than 60% of tumors were in a periventricular location, usually involving the corpus callosum, basal ganglia, or thalamus. Rarely, patients without obvious brain parenchymal tumors presented with only primary meningeal involvement. Findings from initial CT scans were similar in both groups of patients, with 80 of the 201 (90%) noncontrast scans demonstrating isodense or hyperdense lesions in the patients without AIDS compared with 61 of 167 (91%) scans in the patients with AIDS. Almost all lesions showed some degree of contrast enhancement (97% in patients without AIDS and 90% in patients with AIDS). Although the pattern of homogeneous enhancement (55% of patients without AIDS compared with 60.9% of patients with AIDS) was similar in the two groups, 52% of all AIDS-associated primary central nervous system lymphoma scans showed some degree of ring enhancement, a pattern not seen in the non-AIDS group. The other major radiographic difference between the two groups of patients was that multifocal disease was twice as common in patients with AIDS than in patients without AIDS (52% compared with 25%, respectively). Table 2. Radiographic Findings at Presentation Diagnosis was achieved by surgical resection, rather than biopsy, in 62% of all patients without AIDS, whereas only 30% of patients with AIDS had such resections (Table 3). Spinal fluid contained malignant cells in 31% of patients with non-AIDS-associated primary central nervous system lymphoma. Only 13 instances of spinal fluid examination were reported in patients with AIDS and primary central nervous system lymphoma, of which 3 showed cells that were consistent with malignant lymphoma (23%) (Table 3). Table 3. Method of Tissue Diagnosis and Histologic Findings When immunophenotyping was done, almost all lymphomas were of B-lymphocyte origin (Table 3). Differences in histologic pattern, using the Working Formulation terminology, showed only 22% of patients without AIDS having high-grade histologic findings (immunoblastic or small noncleaved cell) compared with 60% of patients with AIDS with the more aggressive, high-grade histologic findings. When reported, almost all AIDS-associated primary central nervous system lymphomas contained Epstein-Barr virus genomic DNA, whereas few tumors from immunocompetent patients contained Epstein-Barr viral DNA. Treatment strategies were defined for 86% of the patients without AIDS, but only 55% of patients with AIDS had treatment decisions reported, possibly reflecting the relatively high number of cases in patients with AIDS that were diagnosed after death (Table 4). Radiation therapy represented the sole form of treatment in a similar percentage of patients in both groups (65.8% for patients without AIDS and 66.1% for patients with AIDS). Chemotherapy was more likely to be added to the treatment regimen in patients without AIDS (25%) compared with patients with AIDS (8%). Table 4. Type of Treatment and Survival Without therapy both groups fared equally poorly (mean survival, 2.7 months for patients without AIDS; 0.9 months for patients with AIDS). However, the overall survival of all treated patients was substantially higher for patients without AIDS (18.9 months) compared with those with AIDS (2.6 months) (Table 4). Epidemiology Epidemiologic data strongly suggest that primary central nervous system lymphoma is increasing in incidence. Although the enhanced frequency in immunocompromised patients is related in part to the growing number of patients with iatrogenic immunosuppression (organ allograft recipients) and the longer survival of patients with congenital immunodeficiencies (owing to improved medical support), the principal reason for the large increase in case of primary central nervous system lymphoma in immunocompromised persons is the AIDS epidemic. A recent report from the National AIDS Cooperative Group described the develo",
"corpus_id": 27535985,
"score": 2,
"title": "Primary Central Nervous System Lymphoma"
} |
{
"abstract": "Background. The amygdala and subgenual anterior cingulate cortex (sACC) are key brain regions for the generation of negative affect. In this longitudinal fMRI study of adolescents we investigated how amygdala–sACC connectivity was correlated with negative affectivity (NA) both cross-sectionally and longitudinally, and examined its relationship to the onset of first-episode depression. Method. Fifty-six adolescents who were part of a larger longitudinal study of adolescent development were included. They had no history of mental illness at the time of their baseline scan (mean age 16.5 years) and had a follow-up scan 2 years later (mean age 18.8 years). We used resting-state functional-connectivity MRI to investigate whether cross-sectional and change measures of amygdala–sACC connectivity were (i) correlated with NA and its change over time, and (ii) related to the onset of first-episode depression. Results. The magnitude of amygdala connectivity with sACC showed significant positive correlation with NA at both time-points. Further analysis confirmed that change in amygdala–sACC connectivity between assessments was correlated with change in NA. Eight participants developed a first episode of depression between the baseline and follow-up assessments: they showed increased amygdala–sACC connectivity at follow-up. Conclusions. Amygdala–sACC connectivity is associated with NA in adolescence, with change in connectivity between these regions showing positive correlation with change in NA. Our observation that the onset of depression was associated with an increase in connectivity between the regions provides support for the neurobiological ‘scar’ hypothesis of depression.",
"corpus_id": 1861828,
"title": "Functional brain-imaging correlates of negative affectivity and the onset of first-episode depression"
} | {
"abstract": "Highlights • Blood oxygenation changes in infants’ right posterior temporal cortex reflect processing of social dynamic compared to non-social dynamic stimuli.• Higher levels of Negative Affect are related to a weaker hemodynamic response to social compared to non-social stimuli in the right posterior-temporal cortex.• High Negative Affect may contribute to difficulties in social-interactive behavior later in life via reduced cortical specialization for social perception in infancy.",
"corpus_id": 4729473,
"title": "Negative affect is related to reduced differential neural responses to social and non-social stimuli in 5-to-8-month-old infants: A functional near-infrared spectroscopy-study"
} | {
"abstract": "Heterogeneity in response styles can affect the conclusions drawn from rating scale data. In particular, biased estimates can be expected if one ignores a tendency to middle categories or to extreme categories. An adjacent categories model is proposed that simultaneously models the content-related effects and the heterogeneity in response styles. By accounting for response styles, it provides a simple remedy for the bias that occurs if the response style is ignored. The model allows to include explanatory variables that have a content-related effect as well as an effect on the response style. A visualization tool is developed that makes the interpretation of effects easily accessible. The proposed model is embedded into the framework of multivariate generalized linear model, which entails that common estimation and inference tools can be used. Existing software can be used to fit the model, which makes it easy to apply.",
"corpus_id": 124392745,
"score": 0,
"title": "Response Styles in Rating Scales"
} |
{
"abstract": "A decade ago, the Institute for Healthcare Improvement pioneered a quality improvement (QI) campaign, leveraging organizational and personal social networks to disseminate new practices. There have been few rigorous studies of the QI campaign approach. Project JOINTS (Joining Organizations IN Tackling SSIs) engaged a network of state-based organizations and professionals in a 6-month QI campaign promoting adherence to three new evidence-based practices known to reduce the risk of infection after joint replacement. We conducted a cluster-randomized trial including ten states (five campaign states and five non-campaign states) with 188 hospitals providing joint replacement to Medicare. We measured adherence to the evidence-based practices before and after the campaign using a survey of surgical staff and a difference-in-difference design with multivariable adjustment to compare adherence to each of the relevant practices and an all-or-none composite measure of the three new practices. In the campaign states, there were statistically significant increases in adherence to the three new evidence-based practices promoted by the campaign. Compared to the non-campaign states, the relative increase in adherence to the three new practices in the campaign states ranged between 1.9 and 15.9 percentage points, but only one of these changes (pre-operative nasal screening for Staphylococcus aureus carriage and decolonization prior to surgery) was statistically significant (p < 0.05). On the all-or-none composite measure, adherence to all three evidence-based practices increased from 19.6 to 37.9% in the campaign states, but declined slightly in the comparison states, yielding a relative increase of 23 percentage points (p = 0.004). In the non-campaign states, changes in adherence were not statistically significant. Within 6 months, in a cluster-randomized trial, a multi-state campaign targeting hospitals and professionals involved in surgical care and infection control was associated with an increase in adherence to evidence-based practices that can reduce surgical site infection.",
"corpus_id": 2185258,
"title": "Erratum to: Does a quality improvement campaign accelerate take-up of new evidence? A ten-state cluster-randomized controlled trial of the IHI’s Project JOINTS"
} | {
"abstract": "OBJECTIVE In 2012, the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services expanded a 2008 program that eliminated additional Medicare payment for mediastinitis following coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) to include Medicaid. We aimed to evaluate the impact of this Medicaid program on mediastinitis rates reported by the National Healthcare Safety Network (NHSN) compared with the rates of a condition not targeted by the program, deep-space surgical site infection (SSI) after knee replacement. DESIGN Interrupted time series with comparison group. METHODS We included surveillance data from nonfederal acute-care hospitals participating in the NHSN and reporting CABG or knee replacement outcomes from January 2009 through June 2017. We examined the Medicaid program’s impact on NHSN-reported infection rates, adjusting for secular trends. The data analysis used generalized estimating equations with robust sandwich variance estimators. RESULTS During the study period, 196 study hospitals reported 273,984 CABGs to the NHSN, resulting in 970 mediastinitis cases (0.35%), and 294 hospitals reported 555,395 knee replacements, with 1,751 resultant deep-space SSIs (0.32%). There was no significant change in incidence of either condition during the study. Mediastinitis models showed no effect of the 2012 Medicaid program on either secular trend during the postprogram versus preprogram periods (P=.70) or an immediate program effect (P=.83). Results were similar in sensitivity analyses when adjusting for hospital characteristics, restricting to hospitals with consistent NHSN reporting or incorporating a program implementation roll-in period. Knee replacement models also showed no program effect. CONCLUSIONS The 2012 Medicaid program to eliminate additional payments for mediastinitis following CABG had no impact on reported mediastinitis rates. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2018;39:694–700",
"corpus_id": 4949803,
"title": "The Impact of the Medicaid Healthcare-Associated Condition Program on Mediastinitis Following Coronary Artery Bypass Graft"
} | {
"abstract": "A model for consumer package goods is described by which consumers can be segmented into loyalty groups. A survey is used to obtain measures of consumer willingness to switch from a regular brand, if there is one. Each loyalty group is associated with a unique purchase probability vector. The probabilities are derived empirically from purchase behavior. By use of the purchase probability vectors, brand shares and repeat rates can be simulated by the loyalty group segmentation (LGS) model, which yields good fits. Empirical data were available which reflected the effect of price changes on brand switching behavior by loyalty groups. At first price elasticities based on deviations from average price were used with poor results. By a revised version of the model, average price was recomputed as the sum of the prices of competitive brands weighted by the percentage of the brand's total switching with each other brand. By use of such loyalty group cross-price elasticity measures, high correlations were obtained with the empirical observations of share, repeat rate, and switching behavior.",
"corpus_id": 167850329,
"score": 0,
"title": "A Loyalty Group Segmentation Model for Brand Purchasing Simulation"
} |
{
"abstract": "BACKGROUND\nThis prospective randomized study aims to assess the effectiveness of intradermal (ID) hepatitis B virus (HBV) vaccination in patients on continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) therapy.\n\n\nMETHODS\nSixty patients were randomly divided into 2 groups. The ID group was treated with 5 microg of recombinant HBV vaccine intradermally every week for a total of 10 doses, and the intramuscular (IM) group, with 20 microg intramuscularly at 0, 1, and 6 months.\n\n\nRESULTS\nID HBV vaccination was associated with a greater seroconversion rate (81.5% versus 62.1%), although the difference did not reach statistical significance (P = 0.14). The cumulative seroconversion rate was significantly greater with ID vaccination by 6 months after the first vaccine dose (P = 0.03). There was no difference between the 2 groups in time required to convert, peak antibody to HBV surface antigen (anti-HBs), and proportion of patients with anti-HBs levels maintained at greater than 10 mIU/mL or 100 mIU/mL in the 2-year observation period. Although the ID group achieved a peak anti-HBs titer significantly earlier than the IM group (P = 0.001), we found a significant trend for the ID group to achieve a lower peak anti-HBs titer (chi-square test for trend, P = 0.005). The incidence of local reactions was significantly greater with ID immunization; however, reactions were mild and transient.\n\n\nCONCLUSION\nID HBV vaccination is associated with significant improvement in seroconversion rate in CAPD patients at 6 months, but this difference diminishes at 2 years. Larger studies are warranted to confirm this finding.",
"corpus_id": 1314374,
"title": "Efficacy and side effects of intradermal hepatitis B vaccination in CAPD patients: a comparison with the intramuscular vaccination."
} | {
"abstract": "To understand further the epidemiology and causes of maternal death, the Division of Reproductive Health, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, CDC, reviewed all identified maternal deaths in the United States, including Puerto Rico, for the period from 1979 through 1986. The maternal mortality ratio for the period was 9.1 deaths/100,000 live births. The ratios increased with age and were higher among women of black and other minority races than among white women for all age groups, particularly for women ages greater than or equal to 40 years. Unmarried women had a higher risk of death than married women. Women who had received any prenatal care had a lower risk of dying than women who had received no care (RR = 0.19, 95% confidence limits (CL) 0.15, 0.23). Women who received no prenatal care had a gestational age-adjusted risk of maternal death 5.7 times that of women receiving care defined as \"adequate.\" The risk of maternal death increased with decreasing levels of education for all age groups, particularly among women ages greater than or equal to 35 years. The causes of death varied for different outcomes of pregnancy; pulmonary embolism was the leading cause of death following the delivery of a live birth. Future studies aimed at developing strategies to reduce the risk of maternal deaths in the United States should use enhanced surveillance and collect more information about each death, which would allow for better understanding of factors associated with maternal mortality.",
"corpus_id": 10329809,
"title": "Maternal mortality surveillance, United States, 1979-1986."
} | {
"abstract": "After artificial immunization (immunotherapy) with ragweed antigens, specific immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibody (Ab) response to Ra5 was significantly associated with HLA-Dw2 (P less than 0.0001). From a total of 61 treated patients, all 22 Dw2+ subjects made good IgG Ab responses to Ra5 by year 2 of therapy (21 by year 1), even though 8 of them had no detectable IgG Ab and 9 had no detectable IgE Ab before therapy. The prevalence of IgG Ab response among 39 Dw2- subjects was markedly lower; only 11 (28%) responded well after 1-9 yr of therapy. Both by univariate and multivariate statistical analysis, Dw2 was also found to be strongly associated with the quantity of IgG Ab produced. In particular, both the strength and significance of the association between Dw2 and log[IgG Ab] response to Ra5 increased over a 3-yr period of ragweed therapy (P = 10(-9) by year 3). Multiple regression analysis also revealed a weak association with HLA-B13, which became apparent only after year 2 of therapy. Genetic hypotheses for these findings are discussed. In particular, the possibility of a second Ir gene, Ir-Ra5', separate from HLA-Dw2 and possibly located elsewhere in the genome, is considered.",
"corpus_id": 8282,
"score": 2,
"title": "HLA-Dw2: a genetic marker for human immune response to short ragweed pollen allergen Ra5. II. Response after ragweed immunotherapy"
} |
{
"abstract": "Chondrogenesis of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) is known to be regulated by a number of environmental factors, including local oxygen levels. The hypothesis of this study is that the response of MSCs to hypoxia is dependent on the physical and chemical characteristics of the substrate used. The objective of this study was to explore how different modifications to polycaprolactone (PCL) scaffolds influenced the response of MSCs to hypoxia. PCL, PCL-hyaluronic acid (HA), and PCL-Bioglass® (BG) scaffolds were seeded with MSCs derived from bone marrow and cultured for 35 days under normoxic or low oxygen conditions, and the resulting biochemical properties of the MSC laden construct were assessed. Low oxygen tension has a positive effect over cell proliferation and macromolecules biosynthesis. Furthermore, hypoxia enhanced the distribution of collagen and glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) deposition through the scaffold. On the other hand, MSCs displayed certain material dependent responses to hypoxia. Low oxygen tension had a positive effect on cell proliferation in BG and HA scaffolds, but only a positive effect on GAGs synthesis in PCL and HA scaffolds. In conclusion, hypoxia increased cell viability and expression of chondrogenic markers but the cell response was modulated by the type of scaffold used. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 105A: 1684-1691, 2017.",
"corpus_id": 3440403,
"title": "Influence of oxygen levels on chondrogenesis of porcine mesenchymal stem cells cultured in polycaprolactone scaffolds."
} | {
"abstract": "Articular cartilage covers the surface of synovial joints and enables joint movement. However, it is susceptible to progressive degeneration with age that can be accelerated by either previous joint injury or meniscectomy. This degenerative disease is known as osteoarthritis (OA) and it greatly affects the adult population. Cell-based tissue engineering provides a possible solution for treating OA at its earliest stages, particularly focal cartilage lesions. A candidate cell type for treating these focal defects are Mesenchymal Stem Cells (MSCs). However, present methods for differentiating these cells towards the chondrogenic lineage lead to hypertrophic chondrocytes and bone formation in vivo. Environmental stimuli that can stabilise the articular chondrocyte phenotype without compromising tissue formation have been extensively investigated. One factor that has generated intensive investigation in MSC chondrogenesis is low oxygen tension or physioxia (2–5% oxygen). In vivo articular cartilage resides at oxygen tensions between 1–4%, and in vitro results suggest that these conditions are beneficial for MSC expansion and chondrogenesis, particularly in suppressing the cartilage hypertrophy. This review will summarise the current literature regarding the effects of physioxia on MSC chondrogenesis with an emphasis on the pathways that control tissue formation and cartilage hypertrophy.",
"corpus_id": 59251952,
"title": "The Importance of Physioxia in Mesenchymal Stem Cell Chondrogenesis and the Mechanisms Controlling Its Response"
} | {
"abstract": "OSTEOARTHRITIS, A JOINT disorder characterized by cartilage degradation and osteophyte formation, is considered a major public health issue causing chronic disability worldwide with the increasing number of aging people today. Although the social impact of this disorder has been compared with osteoporosis, osteoarthritis is far behind osteoporosis in the development of disease-modifying treatments. This is mainly because little is known about the underlying molecular mechanism that can be the therapeutic target. Recent animal studies have shown that osteoarthritis is initiated by production of proteinases such as matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and aggrecanases that sever type II collagen (COL2) and proteoglycan, the principal matrix of articular cartilage. However, trials applying the proteinase inhibitors for clinical use as a diseasemodifying treatment have to date been unsuccessful because of insufficient efficiency and severe adverse events, turning the interest of researchers to the upstream signals of the proteinases in chondrocytes. Cartilage matrix proteins, especially undegraded COL2, are shown to induce proteinases through a receptor tyrosine kinase discoidin domain receptor 2 (DDR-2). This causes the degradation of the matrix proteins, and the product fragments induce proteinases through integrins 2 1 and 5 1. Another possible signal is pro-inflammatory factors such as prostaglandins, TNF, interleukin-1 (IL-1), IL-6, and NOs that are produced mainly by synovial cells, similarly to rheumatoid arthritis; however, accumulating evidence using experimental osteoarthritis models in knockout mice has not supported that these factors play a central role in the pathogenesis of osteoarthritis. Our previous study also showed that levels of TNF, IL-1, and IL-6 in the synovial fluid from knee joints of osteoarthritis patients were much lower than those from patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Endochondral ossification including chondrocyte maturation and apoptosis is an essential process for skeletal development and growth at the embryonic cartilage and growth plate cartilage, respectively, but should not occur under physiological conditions in the joint cartilage, which is a permanent cartilage and is not destined to be replaced by bone. Recently, chondrocyte maturation has been implicated to be deeply involved in the pathogenesis of osteoarthritis. In articular cartilage of osteoarthritis patients, pathologic expression of type X collagen (COL10) and other differentiation markers, including annexin VI, alkaline phosphatase, osteopontin, and osteocalcin, have been reported, indicating that the osteoarthritis articular cartilage cannot maintain the characteristics of the permanent cartilage but adds those of the embryonic or growth plate cartilage. A mouse genetic study found the induction of Runx2, an essential transcription factor for chondrocyte hypertrophy, in articular chondrocytes during osteoarthritis progression under mechanical stress, which led to cartilage degradation and osteophyte formation through the chondrocyte maturation and MMP production. Carminerin, an inducer of chondrocyte calcification, is also reported to contribute to osteophyte formation during the osteoarthritis progression by studies on the deficient mice. In addition to chondrocyte maturation, chondrocyte apoptosis has also recently been reported to be involved in osteoarthritis development. Intra-articular injection of a pan-caspase inhibitor suppresses cartilage degradation under osteoarthritis induction in rabbits. Osteoprotegerin (OPG) is also suggested to prevent osteoarthritis progression through functional inhibition of its ligand TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL). The canonical Wnt– -catenin signal, a potent regulator of skeletal development and homeostasis of adult bone mass, is also known to induce chondrocyte maturation. During skeletal development and growth, activation of the Wnt– -catenin signal in chondrocytes in limb buds or growth plates stimulates hypertrophy, calcification, and expressions of MMP and vascular endothelial growth factor. The inhibition of Dickkopf-1 (Dkk1), a negative regulator of the Wnt– -catenin signal, has been reported to allow conversion of a mouse model of rheumatoid arthritis to osteoarthritis, indicating a regulation of joint remodeling. Furthermore, recent human genomic studies have shown that polymorphisms in the FrzB gene encoding the secreted frizzled-related protein 3 (sFRP3), an extracellular inhibitor of the Wnt– -catenin signal, is associated with an increased susceptibility to osteoarthritis. The polymorphisms were at least partly associated with a reduced The author states that he has no conflicts of interest.",
"corpus_id": 630350,
"score": 2,
"title": "Regulation of Osteoarthritis Development by Wnt–β‐catenin Signaling Through the Endochondral Ossification Process"
} |
{
"abstract": "Exponential error bounds achievable via universal decoder are derived for frame-asynchronous discrete memoryless multiple access channels with two senders. The exponent is strictly positive inside the capacity region. The method of types and a modified maximal mutual information decoder are used.",
"corpus_id": 598175,
"title": "Universal error exponent for discrete asynchronous multiple access channels"
} | {
"abstract": "Csiszár’s channel coding theorem for multiple codebooks is generalized allowing the code word lengths differ across codebooks. Also in this case, for each codebook an error exponent can be achieved that equals the random coding exponent for this codebook alone. In addition, when the rate and code word-type of the employed codebook do not admit reliable transmission over the given channel, overload is detected with probability approaching 1. This is proved even for a sender and receiver not knowing the channel beyond the alphabets. A substantial improvement is obtained when the sender knows the channel while the receiver still does not.",
"corpus_id": 3987050,
"title": "Universal Random Access Error Exponents for Codebooks of Different Blocklengths"
} | {
"abstract": "Bayesian networks (BNs) are an increasingly popular method of modelling uncertain and complex domains such as ecosystems and environmental management. At best, they provide a robust and mathematically coherent framework for the analysis of this kind of problems. However, there are certain pitfalls as well. In this paper, I summarise the pros and cons of the use of Bayesian networks especially in the context of environmental modelling and management. I will also give references to relevant publications, and introduce some software products that can be used to build Bayesian networks.",
"corpus_id": 86365286,
"score": 1,
"title": "Advantages and challenges of Bayesian networks in environmental modelling"
} |
{
"abstract": "Subsurface thermal measurements provide a valuable tool to map hydrothermal-fluid release zones in active volcanic areas. On the Yasur–Yenkahe volcanic complex (Tanna Island, Vanuatu archipelago), fumaroles and hot springs abound, signs of upraising heat fluxes associated to a well-developed hydrothermal activity. Combination of high resolution mapping of ground thermal anomalies with geomorphological analysis allows the characterization of the structural relationships between the active Yasur volcano and the Yenkahe resurgent block.A complex system of heat release and hydrothermal fluid circulation below the Yasur–Yenkahe complex is evidenced. Circulation, though propagating vertically as a whole, is funneled by stratification. Thus, the main thermal fluid released is almost exclusively concentrated along structural limits that break the seals induced by the stratified nature of the ground. Three types of medium/high temperature anomalies have been evidenced: (1) broad hydrothermalized areas linked with planar stratification that favor lateral spreading, (2) linear segments that represent active faults, and (3) arcuate segments related to paleo-crater rims. The limit between the Yasur volcano and the Yenkahe resurgent block is characterized by an active fault system accommodating both the rapid uplift of the Yenkahe block and the overloading induced by the volcano weight. In such a setting, faults converge below the cone of Yasur, which acts as a focus for the faults. Evidence of such structures, sometimes hidden in the landscape but detected by thermal measurements, is critical for risk assessment of flank landslides.",
"corpus_id": 8897754,
"title": "Structure of an active volcano associated with a resurgent block inferred from thermal mapping: The Yasur–Yenkahe volcanic complex (Vanuatu)"
} | {
"abstract": "Scaled modeling has been conducted to study the role played by the reactivation of vertical basement faults in the destabilization process of overlying volcanoes. Results show that basement fault reactivation induces the formation of faults within the volcanic edifice. These faults delimite a central block which is extruded from between the two undeformed lateral parts of the edifice. Collapse of this central block can occur when heterogeneous cones are used in experiments, revealing that mechanical interfaces are of paramount importance in triggering rockslide avalanches. Collapse structures may display horseshoe shapes in map view and are then surprisingly similar to avalanche scars resulting from failure created by magmatic intrusions in natural volcanoes. Large-scale destabilisation of half the surface of the cone may also occur in a single event depending on the position of the reactivated basement fault below the edifice. It is emphasized that the process under consideration may occur on a dormant volcano as well, provided that a fault is reactivated below it.",
"corpus_id": 129451023,
"title": "Experiments on vertical basement fault reactivation below volcanoes"
} | {
"abstract": "The theoretical modeling and design of a traveling-wave FET are described. The device shows the capability of wide-bandwidth performance and high gain and could be useful in power applications. The proposed analytical model considers the full mode effects of the three-coupled transmission lines and an accurate analysis of the FET model in the traveling-wave amplifier. Starting from electrode dimensions and active zone doping, such a model allows one to calculate the scattering parameters. Thus, it is possible to analyze the device as a six port network in a circuit analysis program. >",
"corpus_id": 110620218,
"score": 1,
"title": "Analytical modeling and design criteria for traveling-wave FET amplifiers"
} |
{
"abstract": "We explore the capabilities of Auto-Encoders to fuse the information available from cameras and depth sensors, and to reconstruct missing data, for scene understanding tasks. In particular we consider three input modalities: RGB images; depth images; and semantic label information. We seek to generate complete scene segmentations and depth maps, given images and partial and/or noisy depth and semantic data. We formulate this objective of reconstructing one or more types of scene data using a Multi-modal stacked Auto-Encoder. We show that suitably designed Multi-modal Auto-Encoders can solve the depth estimation and the semantic segmentation problems simultaneously, in the partial or even complete absence of some of the input modalities. We demonstrate our method using the outdoor dataset KITTI that includes LIDAR and stereo cameras. Our results show that as a means to estimate depth from a single image, our method is comparable to the state-of-the-art, and can run in real time (i.e., less than 40ms per frame). But we also show that our method has a significant advantage over other methods in that it can seamlessly use additional data that may be available, such as a sparse point-cloud and/or incomplete coarse semantic labels.",
"corpus_id": 846232,
"title": "Multi-modal Auto-Encoders as Joint Estimators for Robotics Scene Understanding"
} | {
"abstract": "The limitations of current state-of-the-art methods for single-view depth estimation and semantic segmentations are closely tied to the property of perspective geometry, that the perceived size of the objects scales inversely with the distance. In this paper, we show that we can use this property to reduce the learning of a pixel-wise depth classifier to a much simpler classifier predicting only the likelihood of a pixel being at an arbitrarily fixed canonical depth. The likelihoods for any other depths can be obtained by applying the same classifier after appropriate image manipulations. Such transformation of the problem to the canonical depth removes the training data bias towards certain depths and the effect of perspective. The approach can be straight-forwardly generalized to multiple semantic classes, improving both depth estimation and semantic segmentation performance by directly targeting the weaknesses of independent approaches. Conditioning the semantic label on the depth provides a way to align the data to their physical scale, allowing to learn a more discriminative classifier. Conditioning depth on the semantic class helps the classifier to distinguish between ambiguities of the otherwise ill-posed problem. We tested our algorithm on the KITTI road scene dataset and NYU2 indoor dataset and obtained obtained results that significantly outperform current state-of-the-art in both single-view depth and semantic segmentation domain.",
"corpus_id": 11106957,
"title": "Pulling Things out of Perspective"
} | {
"abstract": "There has been a recent emergence of sampling-based techniques for estimating epistemic uncertainty in deep neural networks. While these methods can be applied to classification or semantic segmentation tasks by simply averaging samples, this is not the case for object detection, where detection sample bounding boxes must be accurately associated and merged. A weak merging strategy can significantly degrade the performance of the detector and yield an unreliable uncertainty measure. This paper provides the first in-depth investigation of the effect of different association and merging strategies. We compare different combinations of three spatial and two semantic affinity measures with four clustering methods for MC Dropout with a Single Shot Multi-Box Detector. Our results show that the correct choice of affinity-clustering combination can greatly improve the effectiveness of the classification and spatial uncertainty estimation and the resulting object detection performance. We base our evaluation on a new mix of datasets that emulate near open-set conditions (semantically similar unknown classes), distant open-set conditions (semantically dissimilar unknown classes) and the common closed-set conditions (only known classes).",
"corpus_id": 52290472,
"score": -1,
"title": "Evaluating Merging Strategies for Sampling-based Uncertainty Techniques in Object Detection"
} |
{
"abstract": "Abstract. The Mauritanian population consists of two main groups: one Arab and Berber population and one of Black African origin. The latter includes five ethnic groups: Pular, Soninke, Black Maurs, Wolof, and Bambara. Abnormal HbA2 was found in the Mauritanian population and was characterized by cellulose acetate electrophoresis at pH 8.4 followed by DNA analysis. Among 785 subjects examined, 17 were carriers of HbA2′ corresponding to 2.16%. The highest frequency was observed among the Pular (3.09%), the Black Maurs (2.72%), the Wolof (2.27%), and the Soninke (2.04%).",
"corpus_id": 2076410,
"title": "Hemoglobin A2′ (HbA2δ′) in the Mauritanian population: first results of a preliminary survey"
} | {
"abstract": "SummaryThe sickle cell mutation (βs) arose as at least three independent events in Africa and once in Asia, being termed the Senegal, Benin, Bantu and Indian types respectively. An investigation in Cameroon was carried out to determine whether the atypical sickle genes observed in the neighboring countries are the result of recombination or the presence of a sickle cell mutation of a different genetic origin. It was conducted on 40 homozygous SS patients followed at the Blood Transfusion Center in the capital city of Yaoundé. On 80 βs chromosomes, 13 exhibited a novel polymorphic pattern that was observed three times in the homozygous state. This chromosome contains an AγT gene. The restriction fragment length polymorphism haplotype is different from all the other βs chromosomes in both the 5′ and 3′ regions, but has previously been reported in sporadic cases. The (AT)8(T)5 sequence in the — 500 region of the β gene is specific and different from that of the Senegal, Benin, Bantu or Indian βs genes. All the carriers of this specific chromosome belong to the Eton ethnic group and originate from the Sanaga river valley. This observation strongly argues for yet another independent origin of the sickle cell mutation in Africa, here referred to as the “Cameroon type”. The Benin haplotype and a Benin/ Bantu recombinant haplotype have been observed in the other studied populations: Ewondo, Bamiléké, Bassa, Yambassa and Boulou.",
"corpus_id": 25485029,
"title": "A novel sickle cell mutation of yet another origin in Africa: the Cameroon type"
} | {
"abstract": "We have studied 42 homozygous 3-thalassemia patients from Algeria and 34 sickle cell anemia patients from Senegal and Benin, determinin* the relationship between haplotypes, Hb F, and G7yglobin/ -globin ratios. Populations selected have a high frequency of haplotype homozygotes because of consanguinity (Algeria) and geographic homogeneity (West Africa). We find in (-thalassemia patients, that haplotype IX in haplotypic homozygotes and heterozygotes, haplotype Iml in heterozygotes, and the Senegal haplotype in sickle cell anemia patients are all linked to high Gy-globin expression. In addition, haplotypes IX and Senegal, but not haplotype III, have high Hb F levels. All of these haplotype have a common subhaplotype (+ + + +) in the y-globin gene region. In addition, haplotypes IX, m, and Senegalese sickle cell anemia patients exhibit hematological amelioration of their disease. Conversely, haplotypes I, V, and A in thalassemia patients, which also have a common subhaplotype ( .-----) and the Benin subhaplotype + + -) in sickle cell anemia patients are all associated with low Grglobin and low Hb F levels. Low Gvyglobin expression in the adult is associated with two haplotypes that are not common between thalassemia and sickle cell anemia patients. We conclude that the determinant for high G globin expression is haplotype-linked to common and genetically dominant subhaplotypes in the two diseases. The total Hb F level, unlike the high Gyglobin expression, however, is linked to haplotypes but not to subhaplotypes, thus dissociating the two genetic effects. Homozygous ,B-thalassemia and sickle cell anemia are similar in that affected individuals with both diseases are heterogeneous in level of Hb F (1, 2) and in the proportion of G% and A-globin chains constituting this hemoglobin (3). The basis of this heterogeneity has been the object of extensive investigation. We have recently reported that the sickle cell anemia hemoglobin (Hb S) in Africa is in strong linkage disequilibrium with three f3globin-like gene cluster haplotypes (4). These haplotypes (Senegal, Benin, and Bantu) are geographically specific, making them a powerful genetic and anthropological tool. On the other hand, the haplotype association of ,B-thalassemia patients in Algeria has been found to be heterogeneous (5), exhibiting high frequency of haplotypes I, II, V, and IX of those described by Orkin et al. (6) in other thalassemia patients in the Mediterranean area. In addition, four other haplotypes, A, B, C, and D of which the A is by far the most frequent, have been found in these patients (5). All haplotypes are associated with 8°-thalassemia except for I, which is linked to ,B+-thalassemia. The populations selected for this study are uniquely suited because of their high incidence of haplotype homozygosity due to consanguinity in Algeria and haplotypic homogeneity in Senegal and Benin (4). The question that we intend to answer is the following: Are'the levels of Hb F and the Hb F chain composition haplotype-dependent and, if so, are these haplotype associations common or different for each of these diseases? MATERIALS AND METHODS j&Thalassemia Patients. The present work is based on a total of 70 patients of which 50 were ascertained before treatment (transfusion or splenectomy) by the Transfusion Center of Algiers, Algeria, in the last 3 years. Haplotypes were determined for 67 individuals. The comparison of haplotype and Hb F was possible for 42 patients. Homozygotes for haplotypes II, III, VI, and C were not ascertained and fully characterized in sufficient numbers to draw conclusions and will be examined at a later date when a sufficient number of patients has accrued. Patients were characterized by hematological data (Coulter Counter S), electrophoretic pattern, A2 determination, and, in most cases, biosynthetic ratios for y, 83, and a chains (7). Sickle Cell Anemia Patients. We have studied 61 patients in Atlantic West Africa and Central West Africa and can report complete haplotypes for 13 patients from Benin and 21 patients from Senegal. All were >1 year old and the age distributions were similar. Complete electrophoretic studies (pH 8.6 cellulose acetate plates, 6.4% agar electrophoresis) and solubility tests were used for diagnostic purposes. GGlobin/A-globin ratios were determined by two methods: In all of the sickle cell anemia patients and some of the thalassemia patients, reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography was used, as described by Baudin and Wajcman (8). This method is capable of distinguishing among Gy, yAI, and A T chains. The other thalassemia patients were studied by electrophoresis in urea/Triton/acrylamide gels according to Alter et al. (9). Both methods were applied to 10 samples with high concordance (<10% difference). DNA for analysis was prepared from patients' leukocytes in freshly drawn blood by standard techniques. Digestion with endonuclease restriction enzymes, electrophoresis in 0.8 or 1% agarose, hybridization with genomic probes, and autoradiography were carried out as described (4, 5).",
"corpus_id": 44671464,
"score": 2,
"title": "Common haplotype dependency of high G y-globin gene expression and high Hb F levels in . 8-thalassemia and sickle cell anemia patients ( linkage / epistatic effect / f 3 globin gene / endonuclease polymorphism / Hb F switching )"
} |
{
"abstract": "An occlusion is the region between two overlapping objects with disparate motion. Detecting these occluded objects is crucial for many of the video processing. The Occlusion detection is decomposed into two independent sub problems. The First is to detect foreground objects on a frame-wise basis, by labeling each pixel in an image frame as either foreground or background. The second is to couple object observations at different points in a sequence to yield the object's motion trajectory and Occlusion. The motion segmentation is based on an adaptive background subtraction method that models each pixel as mixture of Gaussians. The Gaussian distributions are then evaluated to determine which are most likely to result from a background process. This is useful to track moving objects and detect occlusion in lighting changes, repetitive motions from cluster, and long term scene changes.",
"corpus_id": 51903840,
"title": "Occlusion detection in video sequences"
} | {
"abstract": "The moving object tracking in video pictures [1] has attracted a great deal of interest in computer vision. For object recognition, navigation systems and surveillance systems [10], object tracking is an indispensable first-step. We propose a novel algorithm for object tracking in video pictures, based on image segmentation and pattern matching [1]. With the image segmentation, we can detect all objects in images no matter whether they are moving or not. Using image segmentation results of successive frames, we exploit pattern matching in a simple feature space for tracking of the objects. Consequently, the proposed algorithm can be applied to multiple moving and still objects even in the case of a moving camera. We describe the algorithm in detail and perform simulation experiments on object tracking which verify the tracking algorithm‘s efficiency. VLSI implementation of the proposed algorithm is possible. The conventional approach to object tracking is based on the difference between the current image and the background image. However, algorithms based on the difference image cannot simultaneously detect still objects. Furthermore, they cannot be applied to the case of a moving camera. Algorithms including the camera motion information have been proposed previously, but, they still contain problems in separating the information from the background. The proposed algorithm, consisting of four stages i.e. image segmentation, feature extraction as well as object tracking and motion vector determination [12]. Here Image Segmentation is done in 3 ways and the efficiency of the tracking is compared in these three ways, the segmentation techniques used are ―Fuzzy C means clustering using Particle Swarm Optimization [5],[6],[17]”, ”Otsu’s global thresholding [16]”, ”Histogram based thresholding by manual threshold selection”, after image segmentation the features of each object are taken and Pattern Matching [10],[11],[20] algorithm is run on consecutive frames of video sequence, so that the pattern of extracted features is matched in the next frame , the motion of the object from reference frame to present frame is calculated in both X and Y directions, the mask is moved in the image accordingly, hence the moving object in the video sequences will be tracked.",
"corpus_id": 11266349,
"title": "Object Tracking in Video Images based on Image Segmentation and Pattern Matching"
} | {
"abstract": "Recent advances in computer vision have significantly reduced the difficulty of object classification and recognition. Robust feature detector and descriptor algorithms are particularly useful, forming the basis for many recognition and classification applications. These algorithms have been used in divergent bag-of-words and structural matching approaches. This work demonstrates a recognition application, based upon the SURF feature descriptor algorithm, which fuses bag-of-words and structural verification techniques. The resulting system is applied to the domain of car recognition and achieves accurate (> 90%) and real-time performance when searching databases containing thousands of images.",
"corpus_id": 1298324,
"score": -1,
"title": "Car-Rec: A real time car recognition system"
} |
{
"abstract": "Habitat-modifying invasive species can influence rates of predation on native prey either directly by providing protective structure or indirectly by modifying traits of prey species responding to the habitat. The alga Caulerpa taxifolia is one of the most successful invasive species of shallow-water marine systems globally, often provisioning habitat in areas previously lacking in vegetated structure. We experimentally evaluated the direct effect of Caulerpa to provide refuge for the native clam Anadara trapezia and how this balances with its influence on two trait-mediated indirect interactions that may increase Anadara's susceptibility to predators. Specifically, Caulerpa's alteration of physical and chemical properties of the surrounding water and sediment deteriorate Anadara's condition and predator resistance properties and also cause Anadara, though normally buried, to project from beneath the sediment, exposing it to predators. Our results show that Anadara are somewhat (but not consistently) protected from predators by living among Caulerpa. Shallow burial depth did not counteract this protective effect. However at times of year when predator activity diminishes and conducive environmental conditions develop, negative effects of Caulerpa habitat such as hypoxia and lowered flow may dominate. Under such situations, poor clam condition accentuates Anadara's susceptibility to mortality. Ultimately, a slight and inconsistent positive effect of Caulerpa to protect Anadara from predators is exceeded by the strong negative effect of Caulerpa on clam mortality, which is heightened by clams' weakened condition produced by chronic exposure to Caulerpa. Our results show that invasive habitat-modifying species can affect mortality of native species not simply through obvious positive direct effects of their protective structure, but indirectly through contrasting negative modification of the traits of prey species responding to the habitat.",
"corpus_id": 1555322,
"title": "Variable direct and indirect effects of a habitat-modifying invasive species on mortality of native fauna."
} | {
"abstract": "For species that have an open population structure, local population size may be strongly influenced by a combination of propagule supply and post-settlement survival. While it is widely recognized that supply of larvae (or recruits) is variable and that variable recruitment may affect the relative contribution of pre- and post-settlement factors, less effort has been made to quantify how variation in the strength of post-settlement mortality (particularly density-dependent mortality) will affect the importance of processes that determine population size. In this study, I examined the effects of habitat complexity on mortality of blue rockfish (Sebastes mystinus) within nearshore reefs off central California. I first tested whether variation in habitat complexity (measured as three-dimensional complexity of rocky substrate) affected the magnitude of both density-independent and density-dependent mortality. I then used limitation analysis to quantify how variation in habitat complexity alters the relative influence of recruitment, density-independent mortality, and density-dependent mortality in determining local population size. Increased habitat complexity was associated with a reduction in both density-independent and density-dependent mortality. At low levels of habitat complexity, limitation analysis revealed that mortality was strong and recruitment had relatively little influence on population size. However, as habitat complexity increased, recruitment became more important. At the highest levels of habitat complexity, limitation by recruitment was substantial, although density-dependent mortality was ultimately the largest constraint on population size. In high-complexity habitats, population dynamics may strongly reflect variation in recruitment even though fluctuations may be dampened by density-dependent mortality. By affecting both density-independent and density-dependent mortality, variation in habitat complexity may result in qualitative changes in the dynamics of populations. These findings suggest that the relative importance of pre- vs. post-settlement factors may be determined by quantifiable habitat features, rather than ambient recruitment level alone. Because the magnitude of recruitment fluctuations can affect species coexistence and the persistence of populations, habitat-driven changes in population dynamics may have important consequences for both community structure and population viability.",
"corpus_id": 25292332,
"title": "Habitat complexity modifies post-settlement mortality and recruitment dynamics of a marine fish."
} | {
"abstract": "Many introductory courses in physics face an unpleasant chicken-and-egg problem. One might choose to introduce students to physical quantities such as velocity, acceleration, and momentum in over-simplified one-dimensional applications before introducing vectors and their manipulation; or one might first introduce vectors as mathematical objects and defer demonstration of their physical utility. This paper offers a solution to this pedagogical problem: elementary vector operations can be used without mechanics concepts to understand variations in the solar latitude, duration of daylight, and orientation of the rising and setting Sun. I show how sunrise and sunset phenomena lend themselves to exercises with scalar products, vector products, unit vectors, and vector projections that can be useful for introducing vector analysis in the context of physics.",
"corpus_id": 121885644,
"score": 0,
"title": "Seasonal changes in the apparent position of the Sun as elementary applications of vector operations"
} |
{
"abstract": "Nelson Algren entitled his 1949 novel on intravenous drug dependency “The Man with the Golden Arm”. Sixty years later, ‘golden arms’ could be fittingly used to describe those patients who require, at daunting cost, regular infusions of intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIg). Access to IVIg is at present by no means uniform. Development of a fair and rational system for allocation of IVIg will be one bellwether of the success of health policy reforms. A European Federation of Neurological Societies (EFNS) task force has recently endorsed, with its highest level of support, long-standing recommendations for the use of IVIg in severe Guillain–Barré syndrome and for acute exacerbations of myasthenia gravis (Elovaara I et al. [2008] Eur J Neurol 15: 893– 908). Importantly, this group has also endorsed recent recommen dations for the use of IVIg in chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculo neuropathy (CIDP) and multifocal motor neuro pathy. These recommendations, from the joint task forces of the EFNS and Peripheral Nerve Society, have been made on the basis of results from randomized, controlled trials summarized in Cochrane systematic reviews. These reviews are regularly updated, an intention that has yet to be realized for the guidelines. The disorders for which IVIg has been approved do not match on the different sides of the Atlantic. The ICE trial (Hughes RA et al. [2008] Lancet Neurol 7: 136–144) strengthened the evidence for use of IVIg in CIDP and persuaded the FDA to license an IVIg product for this disease. CIDP is the first neuro muscular disorder for which an IVIg product has been licensed in the US. By contrast, the European Medicines Agency (EMEA) has not licensed any IVIg product for use in CIDP. Conversely, in Guillain–Barré syndrome, IVIg is approved by the EMEA but not by the FDA. These mis matches arise from limitations of evidence, different grading of evidence by different organizations, low prevalence of the disorders and the resulting small scale of trials, and inertia of both licensing systems. In the US, some patients who demonstrate repeated and dramatic response to IVIg experience difficulties with access to the agent, while anecdotal evidence suggests that others have overused it. This inconsistency reflects the fragmented US health-care system and is arguably amplified by the higher reimbursement for IVIg than for alternatives such as cortico steroids or immunosuppressives. Of note, the English National Health Service has now laid down guidelines for all IVIg usage and put in place a monitoring system to regulate use of this agent and a database to collect information about actual usage. Few studies have investigated the costeffectiveness of IVIg in neuromuscular disease. In one short-term study (McCrone P et al. [2003] Eur J Neurol 10: 687–694), a likelihood of IVIg being more cost-effective than prednisolone in CIDP occurred only if one quality-of-life-year was valued at over €250,000. The long-term adverse effects of prednisolone will un doubtedly affect this calculation, but the cost of IVIg is undeniably high and is likely to remain so. In that bright future of rational allo cation of health-care expenses to which all nations aspire, investment will be needed in adequate studies to determine efficacy and costeffectiveness. Some patients do not fit within strict diag nostic categories that were estab lished to ensure homogeneous research groups. Further more, even among correctly diag nosed patients, individual responses can vary—not every patient with CIDP, for instance, should receive long-term IVIg therapy. We need mechanisms to ‘try out’ and document the extent of benefit in individual patients, coupled with a protocol for repeated assessments to determine whether benefit is continued. Finally, in deciding the appropriateness of IVIg for indivi duals in terms of cost and benefit, we will need protocols that factor in the long-term costs of cheaper but more-toxic alternatives to IVIg, such as corticosteroids. Intravenous immunoglobulin for neuromuscular disease: costs, benefits and reimbursement",
"corpus_id": 2365653,
"title": "Intravenous immunoglobulin for neuromuscular disease: costs, benefits and reimbursement"
} | {
"abstract": "Little is known about the costs of managing rare diseases, and comprehensive healthcare costs have not been reported for myasthenia gravis (MG). We evaluated the direct costs and healthcare resource utilization in insured MG patients.",
"corpus_id": 30093618,
"title": "Cost analysis of myasthenia gravis from a large U.S. insurance database"
} | {
"abstract": "We read the article of Yoshida and colleagues [1] with great interest. They showed that patients with severe aortic stenosis are inclined to type IIA von Willebrand factor (vWf) syndrome, which may be reduced by aortic valve replacement. The authors also reported that patients with valvular prosthesis mismatch may not fully benefit from a reduction in vWf abnormalities, because patient-prosthesis mismatch can lead to a residual aortic stenosis. To explain these findings, the authors stated that high shear stresses within the flow jet may cleave vWf multim-ers. Although the conclusion of this study is relevant, we have concerns with respect to the computations of shear stresses. The following equation was used by Yoshida and colleagues [1] and by Vincentelli and colleagues [2]: shear stress ϭ (4 ϫ blood viscosity ϫ mean velocity)/(stenosis radius). This equation is not adapted to flow through aortic stenosis. Therefore we believe that some theoretical points must be clarified. The equation is only valid for a fully developed Hagen-Poiseuille or Womersley (in a time-averaged sense) laminar flow in a circular conduit [3]. This may justify application in the common carotid artery as in the article of Gnasso and colleagues [4]. However, an extrapolation to aortic stenosis is not appropriate , because the corresponding flow characteristics are far different from those in a tube [5]. Assuming that the aforementioned conditions are fulfilled, the equation allows computation of shear stress at the arterial wall only, but not within the flow volume. In the equation, \" mean velocity \" refers to spatially averaged velocity, whereas Yoshida and colleagues [1] used the mean temporal velocity. High shear stresses that would be prone to cleave vWf multimers in aortic stenosis are not located at the level of the vena contracta or along the wall. The jet is indeed lost in a downstream region of turbulent mixing that involves high shear stresses and significant fluid energy dissipation. An estimation of the fluid energy loss may have been more appropriate for global characterization of shear stresses [6]. Although the shear stresses computed in this study are invalid, this does not, however, affect the general conclusions of the authors. A correct application of the fundamentals of fluid mechanics would probably have resulted in higher correlations. Therefore we believe that it is important to be aware of the hypotheses and limitations of fluid mechanics equations and to be watchful when extrapolating the use of such …",
"corpus_id": 16358863,
"score": 1,
"title": "Are we using the right fluid mechanics principles?"
} |
{
"abstract": "A double-stranded RNA (ds RNA) with an approximate size of 4.7 kb was found in 6 Phytomonas isolates specifically associated with plant pathogenicity in coconut trees (\"Hartrot\" disease) and oil palm (\"Marchitez sorpressiva\" disease). This ds RNA was not detected in 10 non-pathogenic Phytomonas isolates from different lactiferous plants or in the insect trypanosomatids Crithidia and Herpetomonas. Analysis by electron microscopy of a sucrose gradient fraction containing this ds RNA revealed virus-like particles.",
"corpus_id": 4008963,
"title": "RNA virus-like particles in pathogenic plant trypanosomatids."
} | {
"abstract": "Viruses of trypanosomatids are now being extensively studied because of their diversity and the roles they play in flagellates’ biology. Among the most prominent examples are leishmaniaviruses implicated in pathogenesis of Leishmania parasites. Here, we present a historical overview of this field, starting with early reports of virus-like particles on electron microphotographs, and culminating in detailed molecular descriptions of viruses obtained using modern next generation sequencing-based techniques. Because of their diversity, different life cycle strategies and host specificity, we believe that trypanosomatids are a fertile ground for further explorations to better understand viral evolution, routes of transitions, and molecular mechanisms of adaptation to different hosts.",
"corpus_id": 3811920,
"title": "RNA viruses in trypanosomatid parasites: a historical overview"
} | {
"abstract": "IN THE last few years extraordinary advances have been made in scientific knowledge of the brevetoxins. After decades of effort to purify the toxic constituents of the Gulf of Mexico `red tide', not .only have the major chemical entities been purified, but their unusually complex structures have been elucidated . During recent years considerable information has been gathered on the cellular mechanisms of action in excitable tissues and on the sites of actions of the toxins in producing their effects on the respiratory and cardiovascular systems in intact organisms. The availability of pure brevetoxins has allowed the molecular mechanism of the effect on excitable mechanisms to be defined in some detail . These scientific advances, as well as the need to stimulate interest in using the basic science information in alleviating the economic and health problems caused by the `red tides', were the underlying reasons for gathering this symposium, which appears to be the first devoted solely to the brevetoxins . There are several pertinent reasons to focus attention on these `red tide' toxins of the Gulf of Mexico and Florida coasts . In addition to the fact that much new chemical and pharmacological information has been gathered in the past few years, the brevetoxin `red tides' produce costly and troublesome fish kills, they cause acute human illness from the ingestion of toxin concentrated by filter feeding shellfish and by producing irritating wind-borne aerosols they make the beach areas invaded by this type of `red tide' intolerable for humans and their animal pets . `Red tide' blooms have been associated with fish kills in the Gulf of Mexico for at least 100 years (WALI~R, 1884). The organism responsible for producing these events was described and named Gymnodinium breve by Davis in 1948 (DAVIS, 1948). A few years ago a more detailed electron microscopic study of this toxin-producing, unarmored dinoflagellate led Steidinger in 1979 to a taxonomic reclassification and renaming of",
"corpus_id": 21026895,
"score": 1,
"title": "Brevetoxins: chemistry and pharmacology of 'red tide' toxins from Ptychodiscus brevis (formerly Gymnodinium breve)."
} |
{
"abstract": "The ability to predict the recurrence risk in breast cancer patients is not available for the individual. It is commonly accepted that the different clinical course of tumours with identical histology and stage are the result of differences at the molecular level. This case study of 80 patients affected by breast cancer looked at the messenger ribonucleic acid expression level of 22 genes, by using quantitative reverse transcriptase–polymerase chain reaction. Our results showed that a panel of seven genes is associated to patients’ survival. Moreover, the combination of two couples of genes is able to define short- and long-living cohorts of patients. In particular, our findings strongly demonstrate that retinoblastoma (RB) and cyclin-dependent kinase 2 (CDK2) on one side and cytokeratin 8 (CK8) and epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) on the other may affect the clinical course of the disease in 56% of patients. Groups characterised by low RB and high CDK2 as with low CK8 and high HER2 have a higher risk of recurrences and death in 5 years. The identification of these sub-groups of patients with higher risk of early relapse could have further involvement in the selection of the cases to submit to therapy against HER2 or CDK2 as a possible therapy target.",
"corpus_id": 1332831,
"title": "Molecular characterisation of breast cancer patients at high and low recurrence risk"
} | {
"abstract": "Activation of plasminogen on the cell surface initiates a cascade of protease activity with important implications for several physiological and pathological events. In particular, components of the plasminogen system participate in tumor growth, invasion and metastasis. Plasminogen receptors are in fact expressed on the cell surface of most tumors, and their expression frequently correlates with cancer diagnosis, survival and prognosis. Notably, they can trigger multiple specific immune responses in cancer patients, highlighting their role as tumor-associated antigens. In this review, three of the most characterized plasminogen receptors involved in tumorigenesis, namely Annexin 2 (ANX2), Cytokeratin 8 (CK8) and alpha-Enolase (ENOA), are analyzed to ascertain an overall view of their role in the most common cancers. This analysis emphasizes the possibility of delineating new personalized therapeutic strategies to counteract tumor growth and metastasis by targeting plasminogen receptors, as well as their potential application as cancer predictors.",
"corpus_id": 3040105,
"title": "Three are better than one: plasminogen receptors as cancer theranostic targets"
} | {
"abstract": "Motor impairment is common following stroke. Diminished strength and coordination contribute to reduced ability to perform activities of daily living. The existing healthcare models focus on delivering rehabilitation during the first few months following stroke. Yet, to regain motor control to the greatest degree, rehabilitation should continue across the lifespan. Currently, individuals with stroke are responsible for self-managing their rehabilitation once therapist guided rehabilitation has concluded. Individuals with stroke are frequently given a written home exercise program to help guide their home rehabilitation, but poor compliance demonstrates a better approach is necessary. In this study, we propose BiGRA, a novel system to more effectively facilitate in-home bilateral rehabilitation. This system holds merits in: (1) An end-to-end task-oriented system for bilateral grip control which emphasizes the modulation of grip coordination between hands; and (2) Innovative metrics framework to quantitatively analyze the motor control performance. The evaluation shows that BiGRA can objectively measure the patients' task performance and is a promising assessment tool for stroke rehabilitation.",
"corpus_id": 4645555,
"score": 1,
"title": "BiGRA: A preliminary bilateral hand grip coordination rehabilitation using home-based evaluation system for stroke patients"
} |
{
"abstract": "This chapter is concerned with ending the barriers against disabled people. It continues to draw upon the experiences and insights of the individuals participating in the Cutting Edge Theatre Initiative. As Burke (2012) notes, this involves much more than a ‘quick-fix’ to ‘lift barriers’ and likewise involves a nuanced understanding of the theoretical perspectives and the complex discourses of disability. Drawing upon the work of Ryan and Thomas (1998), Thomas (2001), and Souza (2002), this chapter identifies a number of additional exclusions/separations, alongside the family, education and work. These relate to attitudes, culture, finances, modern higher education and the individual. As will become apparent, the issue of the individual is problematic, particularly since this is also related to the notion of choice—it is not necessarily, as Thomas suggests, about ‘impairment’. The chapter offers an analysis of the various insights into the barriers experienced, exploring the multiple discourses, acts of resistance and revealing multiple inequalities.",
"corpus_id": 158110686,
"title": "Ending the Barriers Against Disabled People"
} | {
"abstract": "This paper reports the part findings of an evaluation of a dual-screen installation entitled ‘Resistance: Which Way the Future?’ by the writer and director Liz Crow. Central to the installation is the experience of disabled people during the Holocaust period, the values underpinning this neglected period of history and how this relates to understanding the experiences of disabled people today. Simultaneously, this paper raises issue with a previous comment which suggested that disabled people and eugenics are a form of ‘emotive rhetoric’. On the contrary, this paper asserts that the link between eugenics and disability cannot be overstated, and is a significant moment in history where the lived experiences of disabled people – people described as having ‘learning difficulties’, surviving artefacts, and recorded testimonies – have still yet to be explored.",
"corpus_id": 144171605,
"title": "‘Resistance: Which Way the Future?’ A dual-screen installation related to the theme of disability and eugenics"
} | {
"abstract": "The following paper reviews recent developments in the methodology for valuing the role of wetlands in supporting economic activity. The main focus will be on mangroves serving as a breeding ground and nursery habitat in support of coastal and marine fisheries. As this particular ecological function of a mangrove system means that it is effectively an unpriced 'environmental' input into fisheries, then it is possible to value this contribution through applying the production function approach. The first half of the paper overviews the procedure for valuing the environment as an input, applied to the case of a wetland supporting a fishery. Both the 'static' Ellis-Fisher-Freeman approach and the 'dynamic' approach developed by Barbier and Strand, incorporating the intertemporal bioeconomic fishing problem, are reviewed. The second half of the paper discusses briefly two recent case studies of mangrove-fishery valuation. An application in South Thailand, which is based on the static Ellis-Fisher-Freeman model and an application in Campeche, Mexico, which is based on the dynamic approach.",
"corpus_id": 44700743,
"score": 1,
"title": "Valuing the environment as input: review of applications to mangrove-fishery linkages"
} |
{
"abstract": "We summarize our recent findings, where we proposed a framework for learning a Kolmogorov model, for a collection of binary random variables. More specifically, we derive conditions that link outcomes of specific random variables, and extract valuable relations from the data. We also propose an algorithm for computing the model and show its first-order optimality, despite the combinatorial nature of the learning problem. We apply the proposed algorithm to recommendation systems, although it is applicable to other scenarios. We believe that the work is a significant step toward interpretable machine learning.",
"corpus_id": 46944936,
"title": "Learning Kolmogorov Models for Binary Random Variables"
} | {
"abstract": "Matrix approximation is a common tool in recommendation systems, text mining, and computer vision. A prevalent assumption in constructing matrix approximations is that the partially observed matrix is of low-rank. We propose a new matrix approximation model where we assume instead that the matrix is locally of low-rank, leading to a representation of the observed matrix as a weighted sum of low-rank matrices. We analyze the accuracy of the proposed local low-rank modeling. Our experiments show improvements in prediction accuracy over classical approaches for recommendation tasks.",
"corpus_id": 17230726,
"title": "Local Low-Rank Matrix Approximation"
} | {
"abstract": "In this work, we present a review of the state of the art of information-theoretic feature selection methods. The concepts of feature relevance, redundance, and complementarity (synergy) are clearly defined, as well as Markov blanket. The problem of optimal feature selection is defined. A unifying theoretical framework is described, which can retrofit successful heuristic criteria, indicating the approximations made by each method. A number of open problems in the field are presented.",
"corpus_id": 1929234,
"score": -1,
"title": "A Review of Feature Selection Methods Based on Mutual Information"
} |
{
"abstract": "Background The parasite Onchocerca volvulus has, until recently, been regarded as the cause of a chronic yet non-fatal condition. Recent analyses, however, have indicated that in addition to blindness, the parasite can also be directly associated with human mortality. Such analyses also suggested that the relationship between microfilarial load and excess mortality might be non-linear. Determining the functional form of such relationship would contribute to quantify the population impact of mass microfilaricidal treatment. Methodology/Principal Findings Data from the Onchocerciasis Control Programme in West Africa (OCP) collected from 1974 through 2001 were used to determine functional relationships between microfilarial load and excess mortality of the human host. The goodness-of-fit of three candidate functional forms (a (log-) linear model and two saturating functions) were explored and a saturating (log-) sigmoid function was deemed to be statistically the best fit. The excess mortality associated with microfilarial load was also found to be greater in younger hosts. The attributable mortality risk due to onchocerciasis was estimated to be 5.9%. Conclusions/Significance Incorporation of this non-linear functional relationship between microfilarial load and excess mortality into mathematical models for the transmission and control of onchocerciasis will have important implications for our understanding of the population biology of O. volvulus, its impact on human populations, the global burden of disease due to onchocerciasis, and the projected benefits of control programmes in both human and economic terms.",
"corpus_id": 1029314,
"title": "Density-Dependent Mortality of the Human Host in Onchocerciasis: Relationships between Microfilarial Load and Excess Mortality"
} | {
"abstract": "Onchocerciasis (river blindness) is a major public health problem in sub-Saharan Africa. Major disease-control programs have greatly reduced both disease and infection prevalence by mass distribution of donated ivermectin. Recent studies have shown that local elimination was achieved in some areas following many years of ivermectin. The global health community has recently decided to build on these successes with a new program that aims to eliminate onchocerciasis. Diagnostic tests that were useful for identifying priority areas for disease prevention may not be adequate tools for elimination programs. This paper reviews available and emerging diagnostic tests for onchocerciasis and considers how they might be best employed during different stages of onchocerciasis elimination programs.",
"corpus_id": 3604430,
"title": "Diagnostic Tools for Onchocerciasis Elimination Programs."
} | {
"abstract": "OBJECTIVE\nEmerging evidence suggests high prevalence of abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) among patients with coronary disease. Accurate characterization of the association between coronary disease and AAA and of the actual prevalence of AAA among patients with angiography-verified coronary artery disease (CAD) is needed to evaluate the possible benefits of systematic screening for AAA.\n\n\nMETHODS\nWe searched for studies that reported the association between AAA and CAD or coronary heart disease (CHD; wider phenotype definition) in the general population (randomized controlled trials, prospective population cohorts) and those that reported the prevalence of AAA among patients with angiography-verified CAD through PubMed, Embase, and reference lists for the period between 1980 and 2014. Random-effects models were applied because of the high heterogeneity between included studies.\n\n\nRESULTS\nAmong the general population, 23 studies reported the association between CHD and the occurrence of subclinical AAA (positive ultrasound screening; meta-analyzed odds ratio of 2.38 with 95% confidence interval [CI] of 1.78-3.19; P = 4.1 × 10(-9)). According to four prospective studies, CHD is a strong predictor of future AAA events (fatal and nonfatal; meta-analyzed hazard ratio of 3.49 with 95% CI of 2.56-4.76; P = 2.4 × 10(-15)). Altogether, 10 studies reported the prevalence of AAA among patients with angiography-verified CAD or undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting. Among men, meta-analyzed prevalence was 9.5% (95% CI, 7.6%-11.7%). Among men undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting or with three-vessel disease, the prevalence was 11.4% (95% CI, 9.1%-13.9%). Among women, the prevalence was low (0.35%).\n\n\nCONCLUSIONS\nThe risk of subclinical AAA and future AAA events is high among patients with coronary disease. Screening for AAA among CAD patients by cardiologists would be easy and inexpensive, with possible benefits to survival and risk evaluation.",
"corpus_id": 7805029,
"score": 1,
"title": "The prevalence of abdominal aortic aneurysm is consistently high among patients with coronary artery disease."
} |
{
"abstract": "Transoral robotic surgery (TORS) has been shown to be both feasible and oncologically sound for use in early T classification hypopharyngeal cancers. The purpose of this study was to present our surgical technique for performing a transoral robotic hypopharyngectomy.",
"corpus_id": 3563116,
"title": "Transoral robotic medial hypopharyngectomy: Surgical technique"
} | {
"abstract": "The first application of robotic technology in surgery was described in 1985 when a robot was used to define the trajectory for a stereotactic brain biopsy. Following its successful application in a variety of surgical operations, the da Vinci® robot, the most widely used surgical robot at present, made its clinical debut in otorhinolaryngology and head and neck surgery in 2005 when the first transoral robotic surgery (TORS) resections of base of tongue neoplasms were reported. Subsequently, the indications for TORS rapidly expanded, and they now include tumours of the oropharynx, hypopharynx, parapharyngeal space, and supraglottic larynx, as well as obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA). The da Vinci® robot has also been successfully used for scarless-in-the-neck thyroidectomy and parathyroidectomy. At present, the main barrier to the wider uptake of robotic surgery is the prohibitive cost of the da Vinci® robotic system. Several novel, flexible surgical robots are currently being developed that are likely to not only enhance patient safety and expand current indications but also drive down costs, thus making this innovation more widely available. Future directions relate to overlay technology through augmented reality/AR that allows real-time image-guidance, miniaturisation (nanorobots), and the development of autonomous robots.",
"corpus_id": 49351811,
"title": "Robotic Head and Neck Surgery: History, Technical Evolution and the Future"
} | {
"abstract": "In this study the authors attempted to unravel the relational, dynamical, and historical nature of mother-infant communication during the first 6 months. Thirteen mothers and their infants were videotaped weekly from 4 to 24 weeks during face-to-face interactions. Three distinct patterns of mother-infant communication were identified: symmetrical, asymmetrical, and unilateral. Guided by a dynamic systems perspective, the authors explored the stability of and transitions between these communication patterns. Findings from event history analysis showed that (a) there are regularly recurring dyadic communication patterns in early infancy, (b) these recurring patterns show differential stabilities and likelihoods of transitions, (c) dynamic stability in dyadic communication is shaped not only by individual characteristics (e.g., infant sex and maternal parity) but also by the dyad's communication history, and (d) depending on their recency, communication histories varying in temporal proximity exert differential effects on the self-organization processes of a dyadic system.",
"corpus_id": 21512760,
"score": 0,
"title": "Stability and transitions in mother-infant face-to-face communication during the first 6 months: a microhistorical approach."
} |
{
"abstract": "In this paper we propose a flexible delay characterization and test architecture, called Feedback-Bus Oscillation Ring (FB-OR), for die-to-die interconnects in a 3D IC. As compared to previous works, it is unique in its ability to streamline the characterization/test operations for a set of arbitrary interconnects with multiple pins sprawling multiple dies. During the Design-for-Testability stage, one common feedback-bus (connected to all dies in the IC under characterization/test) is inserted. Through this feedback-bus, an oscillation ring can be formed dynamically and the Variable-Output-Threshold (VOT) technique can be applied to characterize the delay of one interconnect segment at a time. Experimental results indicate that this method is not only flexible and scalable, but requiring only a small area overhead.",
"corpus_id": 2318253,
"title": "Feedback-bus oscillation ring: A general architecture for delay characterization and test of interconnects"
} | {
"abstract": "Three-dimensional (3D) integration using through silicon via (TSV) has been widely acknowledged as one future integrated-circuit (IC) technology. A 3D IC including multiple dies connected with TSVs offers many benefits over current 2D ICs. However, the testing of 3D ICs is much more difficult than that of 2D ICs. In this paper, we propose a cost-effective built-in self-test circuit (BIST) to test TSVs of a 3D IC. The BIST scheme, arranging the TSVs into arrays similar to memory, has the features of low test/diagnosis time and low silicon area cost. Simulation results show that the area overhead of the BIST circuit implemented with 0.18µm CMOS technology for a 16×32 TSV array in which each TSV cell size is 45µm2 is 2.24%. Also, the BIST needs only 130 clock cycles to test the TSV array with stuck-at faults. In comparison with the IEEE 1500-based test approach, the BIST scheme can achieve 85.2% area cost and 93.6% test time reduction.",
"corpus_id": 2266766,
"title": "A built-in self-test scheme for the post-bond test of TSVs in 3D ICs"
} | {
"abstract": "Abstract We theoretically and experimentally investigate a polymer-based guided-mode resonance (GMR) structure and its application for relative humidity (RH) sensing in the terahertz region. We obtained RH-dependent resonance frequency shifts and transmittance changes of the free-standing polymer GMR sensors with PVA material coating at 20 °C. We numerically simulated the GMR structure in the same frequency region by using the FDTD method. It shows that the water contents in the polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) film are increased up to 6% as RH is increased up to 70%. As a result, we propose a highly sensitive RH sensor, which can be fabricated by a simple method at low cost for widespread usage.",
"corpus_id": 116412624,
"score": 0,
"title": "Free-standing guided-mode resonance humidity sensor in terahertz"
} |
{
"abstract": "Abstract In a recent article in this journal Philippe J. Crabbe suggests that a study of mine “misinterprets both Gray and Hotelling on some fundamental issue” [1, p. 213, footnote 52]. Professor Crabbe appears to have misunderstood what my study attempted to show about Gray and Hotelling. A brief synopsis of my views on Gray and Hotelling concludes the comment.",
"corpus_id": 154866312,
"title": "Gray and Hotelling: A comment"
} | {
"abstract": "In “The Economic Possibilities of Conservation” [1913], Lewis Gray reinterpreted from an economic point of view the idea of conservation which had popularized the American Conservation Movement. He linked intergenerational equity and non-renewable resource extraction rate. Gray’s article can be considered as an antecedent of two significant debates in modern natural resource economics. On the one hand, it is a direct precedent of the environmental discussion about the meaning of discounting. On the other, it is an important element in the historical conformation of the sustainability debate.",
"corpus_id": 56412308,
"title": "Ethics and economics: Lewis Gray and the conservation question"
} | {
"abstract": "The advent of electronic commerce is changing marketing practice. In particular the transformation of traditional intermediaries such as the retailer is occurring as a result of new computer-mediated relationships. This paper uses the setting of an interactive home-shopping supermarket to examine the changing role of the retailer in electronic commerce environments (ECEs). We build on our previous conceptual enquiry which proposed a conceptual model which posits that retailers in an ECE apply a trust-based approach to consumer marketing relationships. In this paper we provide additional literature and empirical evidence to support our proposition that the relationship between the retailer and their customers can be defined by the disconfirmation of two cognitive images of the on-line shopping experience, these being the expected virtual (service brand-created, cognitive image of experience) and actual real (service-processcreated, cognitive image of experience) images. This paper develops existing conceptualizations through new, confirmatory, interorganizational case data and consumer-oriented, qualitative, empirical evidence from focus groups that supports our proposition.",
"corpus_id": 296921,
"score": 0,
"title": "Relationship marketing in electronic commerce environments"
} |
{
"abstract": "BackgroundSclerosing mesenteritis is a non-neoplastic inflammatory disease that occurs in the bowel mesentery. Distinguishing sclerosing mesenteritis from neoplasms may be difficult because of the clinical and radiographic similarities between the two disease entities.Case presentationWe report a case of sclerosing mesenteritis mimicking peritoneal metastases of colorectal carcinoma. A 73-year-old man with stage II descending colon adenocarcinoma with poor prognostic features was found to have developed left lower abdominal quadrant masses on computed tomography (CT) 9 months after undergoing radical surgery. These masses were diagnosed as peritoneal metastases because they grew in size and displayed fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) uptake 3 months later; thus, a laparotomy was performed. The masses, which were localized in the jejunal mesentery, were excised completely via segmental jejunal resection. Histopathological analysis confirmed that the masses were sclerosing mesenteritis. The patient showed no signs of sclerosing mesenteritis or colorectal carcinoma recurrence during follow-up.ConclusionsIn patients suspected of having localized peritoneal metastasis from malignancies, any masses must be sampled by surgical excisional biopsy and subsequently examined to rule out alternative diagnoses, such as sclerosing mesenteritis.",
"corpus_id": 158104,
"title": "Sclerosing mesenteritis mimicking metachronous peritoneal metastases from descending colon adenocarcinoma"
} | {
"abstract": "Sclerosing mesenteritis (SM) is a rare fibro inflammatory disease unknown etiology involves the small bowel mesentry, most frequently observed in middle aged and older men. Recently, it was reported to be closely related to IgG4-RD. Many articles reported a close relation between IgG4-related and thyroid diseases including Hadhimoto's thyroiditis and papillary thyroid cancer. This report describes a lady with sclerosing mesenteritis (SM) proved serologically as well as histo-pathologically to be associated with IgG4-RD, with a past history of Hashimoto’s thyroiditis then a hemithyroidectomy was done to the patient for multi nodular goiter whose pathology revealed papillary adenocarcinoma and treated accordingly. These findings support the previous reports relating IgG-RD with sclerosing mesenteritis, Hashimoto’s thyroiditis and papillary thyroid carcinoma.",
"corpus_id": 51820905,
"title": "IgG4-related sclerosing mesenteritis and its possible relation to papillarythyroid carcinoma in a 27-year-old Egyptian woman."
} | {
"abstract": "Mesenteric panniculitis is a non-specific inflammation of the mesenteric adipose tissue, with varying degrees of fibrosis and fat necrosis. It can be associated with varying diseases and conditions, such as autoimmune disease and cancer. Many doctors are not familiar with this disease or do not know how to interpret the signs and symptoms. Here, we describe three patients illustrating the variety of clinical course, diagnostics, prognosis and treatment. A 44-year-old woman suffering from episodic abdominal pain was diagnosed with uncomplicated mesenteric panniculitis. The disease was stable while maintaining a conservative approach. In a 43-year-old woman, mesenteric panniculitis was complicated by autoimmune haemolytic anaemia. After treatment with corticosteroids, she made a full recovery from both disorders. Finally, a 73-year-old man was diagnosed with mesenteric panniculitis and auto-immune haemolytic anaemia, which both appeared to be consequences of an angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphoma.",
"corpus_id": 631238,
"score": 2,
"title": "[Mesenteric panniculitis: variable presentations]."
} |
{
"abstract": "Those who care for the critically ill and injured rightfully celebrate the advances made by our field over its first 50 yrs. Advances in systems, tissue, and molecular engineering, together defined as “health engineering,” will provide unprecedented opportunities to treat multiple organ dysfunction syndrome in the 21st century. In the future, Multiple Organ REanimation, REgeneration, and REprogramming will be responsible for new treatment approaches for those with multiple organ dysfunction syndrome; several examples are presented here. Thus, as we spent the first 50 yrs of care for the critical ill and injured learning how best to hook humans up to machines, we will spend the next 50 yrs understanding better how to liberate patients from mechanical support. It is difficult to know when these advances will be realized given that the rate of change continues to increase and the seemingly impossible goal of reprogramming fully differentiated cells was accomplished recently by manipulating a few transcription factors. It is not unrealistic to expect that in the next couple of decades that it will be possible to dedifferentiate dysfunctional somatic cells in vivo to a more robust, resistant cell phenotype. Our future should be aimed in part at refining our skill sets and refocusing (even rebranding) critical care as health engineering aimed at Multiple Organ REanimation, REgeneration, and REprogramming.",
"corpus_id": 2529932,
"title": "MORE for multiple organ dysfunction syndrome: Multiple Organ REanimation, REgeneration, and REprogramming*"
} | {
"abstract": "Recent advances about multiple-organ failure have highlighted several aspects of its diagnosis and management. However, broad areas remain undiscovered. The classic differentiation into two hits has been challenged with the discovery of mixed gene responses and prolonged clinical outcomes, leading to a new proposed concept, the persistent inflammation-immunosuppression catabolism syndrome (PICS). The incidence ranges between 15 and 40 % and associated mortality is six- to eightfold higher than patients without organ dysfunction. Current scoring systems are valid but are not useful for prognosis, as all of them lack specificity and sensibility for selected populations. Single organ dysfunction criteria has been revisited and revised: Berlin ARDS criteria, AKIN classification, and gastrointestinal failure. Physiopathology research has specially focused on gene involvement, neural regulation, and mitochondrial damage as future targets for innovative therapies. A search for early biomarkers is underway with limited results, and traditional nutritional support guidelines have been challenged.",
"corpus_id": 68053337,
"title": "Considerations in Organ Failure"
} | {
"abstract": "BACKGROUND\nThe Virginia Twin Study of Adolescent Behavioral Development is a cohort-longitudinal epidemiological study that uses the genetic twin design to study the development and maintenance of child psychiatric disorders. We determined the rates of DSM-III-R disorders, disorders with impairment, and age, sex, and comorbidity effects.\n\n\nMETHODS\nFamilies of 2762 white twins aged 8 to 16 years participated. Twins and their parents were asked systematically about risk factors and current psychiatric symptoms by means of investigator-based psychiatric interviews and questionnaires. The DSM-III-R diagnoses were made for major depressive disorder, separation anxiety, overanxious disorder, simple phobia, social phobia, agoraphobia, oppositional defiant disorder, conduct disorder, and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder.\n\n\nRESULTS\nThe 3-month point prevalence for any DSM-III-R disorders was 413 per 1000, and that for disorders with associated impairment was 142 per 1000. Emotional disorders with impairment occurred in 89 per 1000, with girls being more commonly affected; behavioral disorders had a prevalence of 71 per 1000, with boys being more frequently affected. The proportion with disorder who also had functional impairment varied across disorders; anxiety and phobic disorders were particularly likely not to be accompanied by impairment. Rates of emotional and behavioral disorders increased over the age range. There was extensive comorbidity among disorders.\n\n\nCONCLUSIONS\nThe prevalence rates and patterns of findings from this study of twins are consistent with those of other epidemiological studies, supporting previous findings of few differences in rates of psychiatric disorder between twins and singletons. The importance of including measures of functional impairment is evident by its effect on rates of disorder and patterns of comorbidity.",
"corpus_id": 3005096,
"score": 1,
"title": "The Virginia Twin Study of Adolescent Behavioral Development. Influences of age, sex, and impairment on rates of disorder."
} |
{
"abstract": "In this study, by using of near-field scanning optical microscopy (NSOM)/immune-labeling quantum dot (QD)-based dual-color imaging system, we achieved the direct visualization of nanoscale profiles for distribution and organization of CD4 and CD25 molecules in T cells. A novel and interesting finding was that though CD25 clustering as nanodomains were observed on the surface of CD4+CD25high regulatory T cells, these CD25 nanodomains were not co-localized with CD4 nanodomains. This result presented that the formation of these CD25 nanodomains on the surface of CD4+CD25high T cells were not associated with the response of T cell receptor (TCR)/CD3-dependent signal transduction. In contrast, on the surface of CD4+CD25low T cells, CD25 molecules distributed randomly without forming nanodomains while CD4 clustering as nanodomains can be observed; on the surface of CD8+CD25+ T cells, CD25 clustering as nanodomains and co-localization with CD8 nanodomains were observed. Collectively, above these results exhibited that TCR/CD3-based microdomains were indeed required for TCR/CD3-mediated T cells activation and enhanced the immune activity of CD4+CD25low T cells or CD8+CD25+ T cells. In particular, it was found that the formation of CD25 nanodomains and their segregation from TCR/CD3 microdomains were the intrinsic capability of CD4+CD25high T cells, suggesting this specific imaging feature of CD25 should be greatly associated with the regulatory activity of CD4+CD25high T cells. Importantly, this novel NSOM/QD-based dual-color imaging system will provide a useful tool for the research of distribution-function relationship of cell-surface molecules.",
"corpus_id": 3160346,
"title": "Nanoscale Relationship Between CD4 and CD25 of T Cells Visualized with NSOM/QD-Based Dual-Color Imaging System"
} | {
"abstract": "We have reported the existence of biochemical and conformational differences in the alphabeta T cell receptor (TCR) complex between CD4(+) and CD8(+) CD3gamma-deficient (gamma(-)) mature T cells. In the present study, we have furthered our understanding and extended the observations to primary T lymphocytes from normal (gamma(+)) individuals. Surface TCR.CD3 components from CD4(+) gamma(-) T cells, other than CD3gamma, were detectable and similar in size to CD4(+) gamma(+) controls. Their native TCR.CD3 complex was also similar to CD4(+) gamma(+) controls, except for an alphabeta(deltaepsilon)(2)zeta(2) instead of an alphabetagammaepsilondeltaepsilonzeta(2) stoichiometry. In contrast, the surface TCRalpha, TCRbeta, and CD3delta chains of CD8(+) gamma(-) T cells did not possess their usual sizes. Using confocal immunofluorescence, TCRalpha was hardly detectable in CD8(+) gamma(-) T cells. Blue native gels (BN-PAGE) demonstrated the existence of a heterogeneous population of TCR.CD3 in these cells. Using primary peripheral blood T lymphocytes from normal (gamma(+)) donors, we performed a broad epitopic scan. In contrast to all other TCR.CD3-specific monoclonal antibodies, RW2-8C8 stained CD8(+) better than it did CD4(+) T cells, and the difference was dependent on glycosylation of the TCR.CD3 complex but independent of T cell activation or differentiation. RW2-8C8 staining of CD8(+) T cells was shown to be more dependent on lipid raft integrity than that of CD4(+) T cells. Finally, immunoprecipitation studies on purified primary CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells revealed the existence of TCR glycosylation differences between the two. Collectively, these results are consistent with the existence of conformational or topological lineage-specific differences in the TCR.CD3 from CD4(+) and CD8(+) wild type T cells. The differences may be relevant for cis interactions during antigen recognition and signal transduction.",
"corpus_id": 20457190,
"title": "Biochemical differences in the alphabeta T cell receptor.CD3 surface complex between CD8+ and CD4+ human mature T lymphocytes."
} | {
"abstract": "Super-resolution fluorescence microscopy combines the ability to observe biological processes beyond the diffraction limit of conventional light microscopy with all advantages of the fluorescence readout such as labelling specificity and non-invasive live-cell imaging. Due to their subdiffraction size (< 200 nm) viruses are ideal candidates for super-resolution microscopy studies, and Human Immunodeficiency Virus type 1 (HIV-1) is to date the most studied virus by this technique. This review outlines principles of different super-resolution techniques as well as their advantages and disadvantages for virological studies, especially in the context of live-cell imaging applications. We highlight the findings of super-resolution based HIV-1 studies performed so far, their contributions to the understanding of HIV-1 replication cycle and how the current advances in super-resolution microscopy may open new avenues for future virology research.",
"corpus_id": 46990692,
"score": 1,
"title": "Super-resolution fluorescence microscopy studies of human immunodeficiency virus"
} |
{
"abstract": "We consider a conic-quadratic (and in particular a quadratically constrained) optimization problem with uncertain data, known only to reside in some uncertainty set ${\\cal U}$. The robust counterpart of such a problem leads usually to an NP-hard semidefinite problem; this is the case, for example, when ${\\cal U}$ is given as the intersection of ellipsoids or as an n-dimensional box. For these cases we build a single, explicit semidefinite program, which approximates the NP-hard robust counterpart, and we derive an estimate on the quality of the approximation, which is essentially independent of the dimensions of the underlying conic-quadratic problem.",
"corpus_id": 1255923,
"title": "Robust Solutions of Uncertain Quadratic and Conic-Quadratic Problems"
} | {
"abstract": "This is a book devoted to well-structured and thus efficiently solvable convex optimization problems, with emphasis on conic quadratic and semidefinite programming. The authors present the basic theory underlying these problems as well as their numerous applications in engineering, including synthesis of filters, Lyapunov stability analysis, and structural design. The authors also discuss the complexity issues and provide an overview of the basic theory of state-of-the-art polynomial time interior point methods for linear, conic quadratic, and semidefinite programming. The book's focus on well-structured convex problems in conic form allows for unified theoretical and algorithmical treatment of a wide spectrum of important optimization problems arising in applications.",
"corpus_id": 118626807,
"title": "Lectures on modern convex optimization - analysis, algorithms, and engineering applications"
} | {
"abstract": "The purpose of the present article is to devise an index for measuring and analyzing the divide among countries in the area of information and communication technology (ICT) infrastructure and access. Understanding the fact that there are many factors influencing the digital divide, this research is not intended to measure the digital divide in terms of different inequalities, but it rather attempts to take only one of the most important of these factors (maybe the most important of them) into consideration for measuring and analyzing divide between countries, that is, ICT infrastructure and access. In contrast to the majority of the indices in this context, the proposed index is built upon defining and conceptualizing ICT infrastructure and access. In addition, the index uses core ICT indicators on which the international community and experienced modelers have consensus that they measure the information society suitably. Therefore, the index can be exploited as the basis and standard for internationally comparable statistics in ICT infrastructure and access area. Moreover, it is the second index based on core ICT indicators after the Digital Opportunity Index (DOI) that was developed by the International Telecommunication Union (ITU) in 2005. However, in the current article, using Data Mining methods, Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) (to impute missing data) and Multi-Stage Factor Analysis (FA) (for aggregating the indicators), many problems and limits of the existing indices, the DOI in particular, such as the lack of data for analyzing ICT infrastructure and access, use of equal weighting or experts' opinions to aggregate the indicators, are avoided. Since this index is developed by statistical procedures, it is flexible, adaptable, and modifiable over time while it sustains its original structure. It is comprised of two main dimensions: 'ICT access' and 'coverage of mobile and access tariffs' and 10 indicators. Finally, comparing the proposed index with the other indices in this field and gross national income (GNI) per capita of 150 countries, this index is tested; then, it is utilized to measure and analyze the divide between countries in the two dimensions, different geographical areas, economic conditions, and levels of ICT infrastructure and access.",
"corpus_id": 153806748,
"score": 1,
"title": "An index for cross-country analysis of ICT infrastructure and access"
} |
{
"abstract": "Trypanosoma cruzi, the causative agent of Chagas' disease, infects vertebrate cells after an initial step of parasite/host-cell recognition. Alpha-2-macroglobulin (A2M), an important type of physiological proteinase inhibitor found in tissues and in the plasma of mammals, inhibits cell invasion by T. cruzi and accumulates in sites of the inflamed myocardium associated with parasite antigens. To study whether A2M would bind to T. cruzi, an indirect immunofluorescence reaction was performed using two different anti-mouse A2M sera. Intense labeling was observed in the membrane lining the cell body and the flagellum of bloodstream trypomastigotes obtained from experimentally infected mice in the peak of parasitemia, suggesting that the antisera recognize plasma A2M associated with the parasite surface. Metacyclic trypomastigotes obtained in a serum-free defined medium reacted with anti-A2M only after previous incubation with purified human A2M. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) studies were applied to characterize better the binding of native (N-A2M) and of proteinase-complexed (P-A2M) forms of A2M. The “in vitro” binding of N-A2M to trypomastigotes was better at pH 5.0, followed by pH 10.0 and pH 7.4. Cysteinyl and serine proteinase inhibitors, E-64 and STI, respectively, inhibited the reaction. P-A2M also bound to T. cruzi in a dose-dependent way. Flow-cytometry studies showed that about 80% of the parasites stained with fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)-labeled P-A2M (50 μg/ml) with high affinity at pH 7.4 (but also at pH 10.0) in a process that was reverted by the addition of unlabeled P-A2M or the calcium-chelator agent EDTA and also by incubation at an acid pH (4.0). These results suggest that (a) native-A2M binds to T. cruzi proteinase(s) and (b) T. cruzi expresses a receptor(s) that binds proteinase-complexed A2M.",
"corpus_id": 491575,
"title": "Alpha-2-macroglobulin binds to the surface of Trypanosoma cruzi"
} | {
"abstract": "The interaction of Leishmania promastigote surface protease (PSP) with the plasmatic protease inhibitor alpha 2-macroglobulin (alpha 2M) was investigated. In plasma, solubilized PSP forms covalent complexes only with alpha 2M, at the exclusion of other protease inhibitors. The formation of complexes is accompanied by the proteolytic cleavage of the alpha 2M subunit and by the transition from the 'slow' to the 'fast' form of alpha 2M. The proteolytic activity of solubilized PSP on azocasein is inhibited by alpha 2M. In contrast, we found no evidence for a specific interaction of alpha 2M with the surface of promastigotes and PSP proteolytic activity on intact cells was not inhibited by alpha 2M.",
"corpus_id": 20213404,
"title": "Molecular interactions of Leishmania promastigote surface protease with human alpha 2-macroglobulin."
} | {
"abstract": "IN recent years X-ray crystallographers have made remarkable advances in the interpretation of protein structure, and it is becoming more and more evident that a stage has been reached when their views need to be reconciled with data obtained from accurate amino-acid analysis of the proteins concerned. In 1934 Astbury suggested that in gelatin the residues of glycine and hydroxyproline must repeat at regular intervals along the peptide chain, an idea developed in the following year by Bergmann and Niemann into a general hypothesis that (briefly) the 'frequency' of recurrence of any particular residue must be factorizable entirely by 2 and/or 3, as must also the total number of residues in the molecule, Evidence in its favour was adduced from analytical data for several proteins, including egg-albumin. The hypothesis has been criticized on various grounds, chief among them being that existing methods of analysis are in most cases not sufficiently quantitative to warrant the results being interpreted with the precision needed. What are believed to be quantitative estimations for the bases and dicarboxylic acids in edestin, egg-albumin and p-lactoglobulin have now been obtained.",
"corpus_id": 4092794,
"score": 2,
"title": "Amino Acid Analysis and the Structure of Proteins"
} |
{
"abstract": "Given today’s hypercompetitive global economy, it is important to understand the ethical attitudes and standards of entrepreneurs in the US as well as in the other parts of the world. This study of ethical attitudes and standards is grounded in theory and previous research. One hundred and sixty‐five entrepreneurs from the US and 159 entrepreneurs from Russia were surveyed using a measuring instrument containing binary response questions, scenarios and comprehensive demographic information. The study confirmed our expectations and indicated that entrepreneurs in the US and Russia are different with respect to their ethical codes and attitudes.",
"corpus_id": 154324146,
"title": "Ethical dimension of Russian and American entrepreneurs"
} | {
"abstract": "The aim of this literature-based study is to explore the influence of socio-cultural factors on business ethics in post-soviet countries with dissimilar cultural contexts. Specifically, this article seeks to identify and compare contextual influences on informal norms of morality in business in transitional post-soviet societies. In order to pursue this investigation, the countries of Belarus and Estonia were identified as being among the most noteworthy examples of culturally different post-soviet countries in transition. The study reveals contradictory manifestations of mixtures of business norms in both Estonia and Belarus, which are conditioned by the merger of an autocratic bureaucratic soviet system with more participative and empowering forms of western management. The most persistent changes relate to moves from patriarchal and paternalistic types of relationship and low work motivation. The significance of these differences, which include nationality and religious legacies, will almost inevitably be overlooked should the countries be placed under the general umbrella of ‘former soviet states’ when considering business ethics in these contexts.",
"corpus_id": 144926765,
"title": "Socio-Cultural Change and Business Ethics in Post-Soviet Countries: The Cases \nof Belarus and Estonia"
} | {
"abstract": "This paper presents system identification-based approach to create a Non-linear Auto-Regressive model with Exogenous (NARX)-based adaptive noise filter to remove noise from recorded audio signals. The NARX model was trained with noisy recorded signal as inputs, and clean signal (from the MP3 audio file) as the output. The system identification process then tries to relate between the input and the output so that the noise component from the input is removed in the output stage. The binary Particle Swarm Optimization (BPSO) algorithm was used to perform model structure selection (selection of input and output lagged signals that best explains the future values of the data). Parameter estimation of the NARX model was done using Householder Transform-based QR factorization. Fitting and residual tests results show that the NARX model was successful in estimating the model, and filtering out noise well.",
"corpus_id": 46235294,
"score": 0,
"title": "Adaptive filter based on NARX model for recorded audio noise removal"
} |
{
"abstract": "This paper will present a characterization of a microfluidic device with embedded angled microelectrode arrays for the continuous flow-through dielectrophoretic separation of particles. The operation of the device is demonstrated using samples of colloidal latex spheres, achieving 100% particle deflection with low operating voltage of 10V. This characterization is essential for dielectrophoretic separation to get the specific indication for each particle type behaviour, deflection and hence separation at the end of the arrays. This paper will discuss results obtained and also detail of the theoretical background of the separation method and the optimization of separation that is achievable by choice of frequency and voltage.",
"corpus_id": 5863110,
"title": "Dielectrophoretic characterization of colloidal particles using angled microelectrode arrays"
} | {
"abstract": "This paper presents the characterization of angled microelectrode array as dielectrophoretic microfluidic device for the continuous flow-through separation of particles. The operation of the device is demonstrated using samples of colloidal latex beads of 1 μm and 2 μm in diameter sizes, achieving 100% particle deflection with operating voltage as low as 10V and frequency as minimum as 1 MHz. This characterization is essential for dielectrophoretic separation to get the specific suggestion for each type of particle behavior via its own deflection throughout the arrays of the angled microelectrode. The paper also exhibits and discusses the detail of the theoretical background of the separation method; the structure of the device and also the result obtained that is achievable by choice of voltage and frequency.",
"corpus_id": 55229985,
"title": "Characterization of Microelectrode Array of Dielectrophoretic Microfluidic Device"
} | {
"abstract": "An enhanced method of using helium/air mixture jets to simulate the aeroacoustic properties of hot jets is presented. By using helium to reduce the jet density and increase the jet acoustic speed, unheated nominal Mach 1.5 jets are tested which have jet-to-ambient density and acoustic speed ratios which approximately match those from a hot jet with a jet-to-ambient static temperature ratio of 1.2. The jets are operated at a reduced Reynolds numbers (approximately 27,000) which allows the use of diagnostic measurement tools such as hot-wire anemometry and active control via glow discharge excitation. Mean and fluctuating flowfield and acoustic measurements from a near perfectly expanded Mach 1.5 elliptic and round jet are presented. Direct comparisons of the cold and simulated heated jets are made. Compared to the pure air jets, the helium/air mixture jets showed increased instability wave phase speeds near or exceeding the ambient acoustic speed, increased noise levels, and increased coupling between the flowfield fluctuations and the radiated acoustic field. These features are consistent with the theory of Mach wave radiation, the dominant noise source in high speed jets. The data presented show that the helium/air simulation is able to capture the dominant noise characteristics of actual heated jets. The use of this group of diagnostic measurement techniques is an added benefit of the simulation which is not available in conventional heated jet experiments.",
"corpus_id": 122044093,
"score": 1,
"title": "Measurements of Supersonic Helium/Air Mixture Jets"
} |
{
"abstract": "The following paper is written in memory of my father, Walter Rotman. In the paper, we review several of his well known inventions such as the sandwich wire antenna, plasma simulation via rodded media and the Rotman lens. His work has found its way into many modern systems in which the author participated. The author would like to acknowledge his inspiration and guidance.",
"corpus_id": 847242,
"title": "The legacy of walter rotman: Past, present and future"
} | {
"abstract": "A plasma in the absence of dc magnetic fields is representable, from the electromagnetic viewpoint, as a lossy dielectric with a complex index of refraction whose real part is less than one. Its electrical properties, such as propagation constant and intrinsic impedance, can be simulated by microwave structures, such as artificial dielectrics of lossy metallic rods, and by H - plane parallel-plate guides. Design techniques are presented for application to the modeling of plasma media. Examples include problems of radiation from antennas on a plasma-coated ground plane, with magnetic line sources and electric aperture radiators simulated by parallel-plate guides and rodded media, respectively. Radiation patterns of these models show good agreement with established theory. Waveguide measurements on the rodded media also confirm the expected propagation and impedance characteristics.",
"corpus_id": 123095644,
"title": "Plasma simulation by artificial dielectrics and parallel-plate media"
} | {
"abstract": "Several new antenna designs use the trough waveguide as a transmission line. Among the most recent are linear arrays made of resonant or non-resonant monopoles, slow-wave structures, a hybrid type of TEM-to-trough-guide mode isolator, and a trirod variable coupler. The trough guide invented by the personnel of Airborne Instruments Laboratory, Inc. is admirably suited to such applications because of its geometry, simple mechanical construction, and broadband characteristics. Typical examples that demonstrate its superior properties as compared with a rectangular waveguide having conventional slots or dipoles are the fixed-beam linear array and the mode isolators in trough guide whose designs are discussed in this paper.",
"corpus_id": 110804555,
"score": 2,
"title": "Some new microwave antenna designs based on the trough waveguide"
} |
{
"abstract": "ENSO (El Nino-Southern Oscillation) is characterized by interannual sea surface temperature (SST) variations in the eastern-to-central equatorial Pacific. In the composite ENSO event portrayed by Rasmusson and Carpenter (1982) SST anomalies develop along the coast of South America before propagating westward along the equator. However, it has become clear that there are events in which anomalies develop and remain near the International Dateline in the central equatorial Pacific. In fact, most of the El Nino events in the 21st Century (the 2002/03, 2004/05, and 2009/10 events) have had their largest SST anomaly in the western Pacific (Yu and Kim 2013). An example of an ENSO event in the east (1997) and an ENSO event in the west (2009) are shown in Figure 1. The fact that warming is observed sometimes in the east Pacific (EP), sometimes in the central Pacific (CP), and sometime simultaneously in both eastern and central Pacific (e.g., the 2006-07 event; Figure 1) has led to the suggestion that there are two types of events that represent physically distinct phenomena (Larkin and Harrison 2005; Yu and Kao 2007; Ashok et al. 2007; Guan and Nigam 2008; Kao and Yu 2009; Kug et al. 2009). There are also studies that further separate the two types of ENSO into more sub-types (Wang and Wang 2013). An alternative interpretation is that ENSO normally occurs in the central Pacific, with events sometimes displaced to the east and sometimes displaced to the west",
"corpus_id": 850883,
"title": "ENSO diversity in observations"
} | {
"abstract": "Abstract Multicentury integrations from two global coupled ocean–atmosphere–land–ice models [Climate Model versions 2.0 (CM2.0) and 2.1 (CM2.1), developed at the Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory] are described in terms of their tropical Pacific climate and El Nino–Southern Oscillation (ENSO). The integrations are run without flux adjustments and provide generally realistic simulations of tropical Pacific climate. The observed annual-mean trade winds and precipitation, sea surface temperature, surface heat fluxes, surface currents, Equatorial Undercurrent, and subsurface thermal structure are well captured by the models. Some biases are evident, including a cold SST bias along the equator, a warm bias along the coast of South America, and a westward extension of the trade winds relative to observations. Along the equator, the models exhibit a robust, westward-propagating annual cycle of SST and zonal winds. During boreal spring, excessive rainfall south of the equator is linked to an unrealistic rever...",
"corpus_id": 9695084,
"title": "GFDL's CM2 Global Coupled Climate Models. Part III: Tropical Pacific Climate and ENSO"
} | {
"abstract": "[1] We present synthetic catalogs of Mars quakes, intended to be used for performance assessments of future seismic networks on the planet. We have compiled a new inventory of compressional and extensional tectonic faults for the planet Mars, comprising 8500 faults with a total length of 680,000 km. The faults were mapped on the basis of Mars Orbiting Laser Altimeter (MOLA) shaded relief. Hence we expect to have assembled a homogeneous data set, not biased by illumination and viewing conditions of image data. Updated models of Martian crater statistics and geological maps were used to assign new maximum ages to all faults. On the basis of the fault catalog, spatial distributions of seismicity were simulated, using assumptions on the available annual seismic moment budget, the moment-frequency relationship, and a relation between rupture length and released moment. We have constructed five different models of Martian seismicity, predicting an annual moment release between 3.42 × 1016 Nm and 4.78 × 1018 Nm and up to 572 events with magnitudes greater than 4 per year as upper limit end-member case. Most events are expected on the Tharsis shield, but minor seismic centers are expected south of Hellas and north of Utopia Planitia.",
"corpus_id": 129118541,
"score": 0,
"title": "Working models for spatial distribution and level of Mars' seismicity"
} |
{
"abstract": "The mean tensile/peel bond strengths were evaluated for three types of aesthetic brackets (a ceramic-reinforced bracket and two generations of a ceramic/polycarbonate combination bracket). These were found to be significantly lower than the mean tensile/peel bond strength of a convention foil-mesh stainless steel bracket base. Failure of the ceramic-reinforced polycarbonate brackets occurred predominantly by fracture of the tie wings during testing. With the ceramic/polycarbonate combination brackets, the majority of the specimens failed due to separation of the ceramic and polycarbonate parts of the bracket.",
"corpus_id": 1849412,
"title": "Alternatives to ceramic brackets: the tensile bond strengths of two aesthetic brackets compared ex vivo with stainless steel foil-mesh bracket bases."
} | {
"abstract": "The objectives of this study were to investigate the corrosion behavior of conventional and self-ligating stainless steel brackets and the surface structural changes in response to salad dressing. Damon, In-Ovation,Smart clip, Discovery, OMNI and Masel brackets were all included in the study. For the control group, the brackets were placed in Petri dishes with Potassium Ferrocyanide (Fe [CN]6K4) and distilled water. Whereasas for the experimental group, the brackets were incorporated into the same reagent mixed with Oil-based Kraft Classic French Oil and Water-based-Salad Magic, Herb and Garlic Dressing. The released ferrous ion concentrations were measured by spectrophotometer after 24 and 48 hours. Scanning electron microscope was used to analyze surface changes of the brackets. All types of brackets demonstrated signs of corrosion. Generally, self-ligating brackets were more susceptible to corrosion than the conventional ones the most extensive corrosion was seen in In-Ovation RTM. Meanwhile, Masel was the most corroded brackets for conventional brackets . The oil-based salad dressing illustrated the most extensive corrosion in all brackets. Self-ligating brackets, Inovation RTM showed pitting corrosion on the wings. Smart clip showed surfaces corrosion only. The commonly ingested fluids aggravate the corrosive process, and this is related to sodium chloride content.",
"corpus_id": 3751593,
"title": "In-Vitro : Evaluation of Corrosion Behavior of Orthodontic Stainless Steel Brackets to Salad Dressing"
} | {
"abstract": "In this paper, we describe a grafting methodology associated to a quantitative 19F NMR method (qNMR) for the conjugation of small molecules on a PEG building block aimed at click chemistry applications in the domain of drug delivery systems. Acetylenic PEG (PEG-yne) was first derivatized with a fluorinated benzyl amine (TagF6) by means of photografting of a trifluoromethylphenyl diazirine bifunctional linker (TPD-clip). The amount of TagF6 grafted on PEG-yne was calculated by NMR using an internal standard (trifluoroethanol) and adjusting of the acquisition and processing parameters. NMR is used as a valuable alternative to the complex procedures often employed for the quantification of functionalities on biomaterials. The accuracy of the qNMR methodology was attested by controlling its linearity, the determination of limits of quantification and the percentage of recovery. A good assessment of the TagF6 grafting rates was obtained after taking into account the inherent unspecific adsorption that occurs on materials. This versatile methodology that combines simple chemistry and a common analytical tool was, in a second time, applied to the preparation of a PEG conjugated with a RGD (Arg-Gly-Asp) peptidomimetic in a controlled manner.",
"corpus_id": 54033158,
"score": 1,
"title": "Clickable PEG conjugate obtained by clip photochemistry: Synthesis and characterization by quantitative 19F NMR"
} |
{
"abstract": "Introduction Over the last 20 years, mindfulness has become a core treatment for psychological distress both as component of third wave CBT treatments. Worry and rumination are transdiagnostic cognitive processes which are seen as a core maintaining features of anxiety disorders and depression. Mindfulness theory suggests that MBCT acts on depression by reducing ruminative thinking. This literature review examines whether there is any evidence from mediation or treatment studies supporting MBCT/MBSR’s effect on clinical levels of worry or rumination. It also examines whether mindfulness interventions are ever contraindicated for people with high levels of worry or rumination. Materials and methods We reviewed controlled trials and mediation studies published up until December 2013 on Pubmed, Psychoinfo, Cochrane Library and Medline databases. Studies were eligible for inclusion if they used primary or secondary measure of worry/rumination. We only included studies with clinical and non-clinical adult participants. We did not include any uncontrolled trials. Studies including participants with learning disability, psychotic disorders or Axis II disorders were excluded from the review. Results We reviewed 11 trials. The heterogeneous nature and mixed quality of the studies made generalisation difficult. Ten of the studies reported positive outcomes for rumination. Four of the studies reported positive effects for worry. Although, these results are suggestive of a positive effect, these were often of small effect size and were not compared to active controls. Conclusion Although all the interventions reviewed found positive effects, their heterogeneous nature made it difficult to recommend mindfulness-based interventions as a treatment for clinical worry/rumination due to inadequate evidence. It is recommended that further research examine the effect of mindfulnessbased interventions on worry/ rumination directly and not as a secondary treatment aim.",
"corpus_id": 4292682,
"title": "A critical review of mindfulness-based psychological treatments for worry and rumination"
} | {
"abstract": "ABSTRACT The character and work of Carl Rogers is examined in the light of both the contemporary “utilitarian” mindfulness and the original Buddhist sense of the term mindfulness. A parallel is drawn between the way in which utilitarian mindfulness has been abstracted from traditional mindfulness and the way in which Rogers’ own principle of empathy has been received in the psychotherapy world. In both cases the merits and drawbacks of ethical neutrality are considered. The issues of purposefulness and of ethics in relation to both types of mindfulness are highlighted. Rogers is presented as an exemplar of mindfulness whose work helps us to reflect upon its true meaning.",
"corpus_id": 148451463,
"title": "A certain kind of mindful man"
} | {
"abstract": "In the current study a first attempt was made to explore the differences between normative teens and teens at risk in residential care, with regard to their patterns of internet use, problematic internet use (PIU), and the association with sensation seeking. One hundred teens in residential care and 99 teens who reside at home, took part in the study. The findings show that teens in residential care devote less time to surfing the web every day, have lower levels of PIU in the four dimensions examined (diminished impulse control, loneliness/depression, distraction, and social comfort), and are more inclined to seek sensations than teens who live at home. In addition, a negative correlation was found between sensation seeking and PIU.",
"corpus_id": 142124486,
"score": 1,
"title": "Problematic internet use and sensation seeking: Differences between teens who live at home and in residential care"
} |
{
"abstract": "Knowledge representation and reasoning (KRR) is one of the key areas in artificial intelligence (AI) field. It is intended to represent the world knowledge in formal languages (e.g., Prolog, SPARQL) and then enhance the expert systems to perform querying and inference tasks. Currently, constructing large scale knowledge bases (KBs) with high quality is prohibited by the fact that the construction process requires many qualified knowledge engineers who not only understand the domain-specific knowledge but also have sufficient skills in knowledge representation. Unfortunately, qualified knowledge engineers are in short supply. Therefore, it would be very useful to build a tool that allows the user to construct and query the KB simply via text. Although there is a number of systems developed for knowledge extraction and question answering, they mainly fail in that these system don't achieve high enough accuracy whereas KRR is highly sensitive to erroneous data. In this thesis proposal, I will present Knowledge Authoring Logic Machine (KALM), a rule-based system which allows the user to author knowledge and query the KB in text. The experimental results show that KALM achieved superior accuracy in knowledge authoring and question answering as compared to the state-of-the-art systems.",
"corpus_id": 198148094,
"title": "Knowledge Authoring and Question Answering with KALM"
} | {
"abstract": "We describe SLING, a framework for parsing natural language into semantic frames. SLING supports general transition-based, neural-network parsing with bidirectional LSTM input encoding and a Transition Based Recurrent Unit (TBRU) for output decoding. The parsing model is trained end-to-end using only the text tokens as input. The transition system has been designed to output frame graphs directly without any intervening symbolic representation. The SLING framework includes an efficient and scalable frame store implementation as well as a neural network JIT compiler for fast inference during parsing. SLING is implemented in C++ and it is available for download on GitHub.",
"corpus_id": 35060940,
"title": "SLING: A framework for frame semantic parsing"
} | {
"abstract": "This technical report describes the discourse representation structures (DRS) derived from texts written in version 5 of Attempto Controlled English (ACE 5). Among other things, ACE 5 supports modal statements, negation as failure, and sentence subordination. These features require an extended form of discourse representation structures. The discourse representation structure itself uses a reified, or ‘flat’ notation, meaning that its atomic conditions are built from a small number of predefined predicates that take constants standing for words of the ACE text as their arguments. Furthermore, each logical atom gets an index relating it to the sentence of the ACE text from which it was derived.",
"corpus_id": 195607857,
"score": -1,
"title": "Discourse representation structures for ACE 5"
} |
{
"abstract": "The amount of Earth Science related domain concepts and vocabularies encoded in popular Semantic Web languages such as OWL and SKOS grows rapidly as more and more domain scientists realize the power of Semantic Web Technologies. The interlinking between these concepts will enable the possibility of performing data integration and identity recognition, which is crucial in developing applications that use data from multiple sources. In this paper, we discuss a new tool for performing concept mapping called SEM+. In SEM+, we designed the Information Entropy based Weighted Similarity Model to compute semantic similarity between entity data and suggest possible linking. We also adopted a blocking approach to group possible matching entities into one block and therefore reduce the computation space. We performed evaluations on SEM+ using the Integrated Ocean Observatory System ontology and the Marine Metadata Interoperability ontology and discussed the results and new findings.",
"corpus_id": 102246,
"title": "SEM+: tool for discovering concept mapping in Earth science related domain"
} | {
"abstract": "The need for integrating geospatial information (GI) data from various heterogeneous sources has seen increased importance for geographic information system (GIS) interoperability. Using domain ontologies to clarify and integrate the semantics of data is considered as a crucial step for successful semantic integration in the GI domain. Nevertheless, mechanisms are still needed to facilitate semantic mapping between GI ontologies described in different natural languages. This research establishes a formal ontology model for cross-lingual geospatial information ontology mapping. By first extracting semantic primitives from a free-text definition of categories in two GI classification standards with different natural languages, an ontology-driven approach is used, and a formal ontology model is established to formally represent these semantic primitives into semantic statements, in which the spatial-related properties and relations are considered as crucial statements for the representation and identification of the semantics of the GI categories. Then, an algorithm is proposed to compare these semantic statements in a cross-lingual environment. We further design a similarity calculation algorithm based on the proposed formal ontology model to distance the semantic similarities and identify the mapping relationships between categories. In particular, we work with two GI classification standards for Chinese and American topographic maps. The experimental results demonstrate the feasibility and reliability of the proposed model for cross-lingual geospatial information ontology mapping.",
"corpus_id": 15679396,
"title": "Geospatial Information Categories Mapping in a Cross-lingual Environment: A Case Study of \"Surface Water\" Categories in Chinese and American Topographic Maps"
} | {
"abstract": "This paper is about study to increase the γ-PGA yield by developing new methods. The effect of various amino acids on production of γ-PGA by Bacillus subtilis Z15 was investigated. The γ-PGA yield was increased 23.18%, 12.15% and 31.46%, respectively, with 3 g/L aspartic acid (0 h), 1.5 g/L phenylalanine (0 h) and 7 g/L glutamic acid (24 h). Additonally, crude extract of glutamic acid after isoelectric crystallization (CEGA)could be a replacement for glutamate for γ-PGA production. Then, response surface methodology (RSM) was used for further optimization. The final media ingredient of amino acids were obtained as follow: CEGA 9 g/L, aspartic acid 4 g/L, phenylalanine 1.55 g/L. By applying this receipt in 5-L bioreactor, the γ-PGA yield reached 42.92 ± 0.23 g/L after 44 h, which is 63.1% higher than the control without amino acids for production. In addition, amino acids could shorten the lag phase and the average fermentation time (44 h versus 48 h). Fermentation with amino acids addition can be an positive option for γ-PGA production.",
"corpus_id": 56177315,
"score": 0,
"title": "Stimulatory effects of amino acids on γ-polyglutamic acid production by Bacillus subtilis"
} |
{
"abstract": "BackgroundFemale endoparasitic ichneumonid wasps inject virus-like particles into their caterpillar hosts to suppress immunity. These particles are classified as ichnovirus virions and resemble ascovirus virions, which are also transmitted by parasitic wasps and attack caterpillars. Ascoviruses replicate DNA and produce virions. Polydnavirus DNA consists of wasp DNA replicated by the wasp from its genome, which also directs particle synthesis. Structural similarities between ascovirus and ichnovirus particles and the biology of their transmission suggest that ichnoviruses evolved from ascoviruses, although molecular evidence for this hypothesis is lacking.ResultsHere we show that a family of unique pox-D5 NTPase proteins in the Glypta fumiferanae ichnovirus are related to three Diadromus pulchellus ascovirus proteins encoded by ORFs 90, 91 and 93. A new alignment technique also shows that two proteins from a related ichnovirus are orthologs of other ascovirus virion proteins.ConclusionOur results provide molecular evidence supporting the origin of ichnoviruses from ascoviruses by lateral transfer of ascoviral genes into ichneumonid wasp genomes, perhaps the first example of symbiogenesis between large DNA viruses and eukaryotic organisms. We also discuss the limits of this evidence through complementary studies, which revealed that passive lateral transfer of viral genes among polydnaviral, bacterial, and wasp genomes may have occurred repeatedly through an intimate coupling of both recombination and replication of viral genomes during evolution. The impact of passive lateral transfers on evolutionary relationships between polydnaviruses and viruses with large double-stranded genomes is considered in the context of the theory of symbiogenesis.",
"corpus_id": 2653915,
"title": "Molecular evidence for the evolution of ichnoviruses from ascoviruses by symbiogenesis"
} | {
"abstract": "ABSTRACT Comparative analysis of the protein sequences encoded in the genomes of three families of large DNA viruses that replicate, completely or partly, in the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells (poxviruses, asfarviruses, and iridoviruses) and phycodnaviruses that replicate in the nucleus reveals 9 genes that are shared by all of these viruses and 22 more genes that are present in at least three of the four compared viral families. Although orthologous proteins from different viral families typically show weak sequence similarity, because of which some of them have not been identified previously, at least five of the conserved genes appear to be synapomorphies (shared derived characters) that unite these four viral families, to the exclusion of all other known viruses and cellular life forms. Cladistic analysis with the genes shared by at least two viral families as evolutionary characters supports the monophyly of poxviruses, asfarviruses, iridoviruses, and phycodnaviruses. The results of genome comparison allow a tentative reconstruction of the ancestral viral genome and suggest that the common ancestor of all of these viral families was a nucleocytoplasmic virus with an icosahedral capsid, which encoded complex systems for DNA replication and transcription, a redox protein involved in disulfide bond formation in virion membrane proteins, and probably inhibitors of apoptosis. The conservation of the disulfide-oxidoreductase, a major capsid protein, and two virion membrane proteins indicates that the odd-shaped virions of poxviruses have evolved from the more common icosahedral virion seen in asfarviruses, iridoviruses, and phycodnaviruses.",
"corpus_id": 25124798,
"title": "Common Origin of Four Diverse Families of Large Eukaryotic DNA Viruses"
} | {
"abstract": "BackgroundSalivary duct carcinoma (SDC) is a highly aggressive subtype of salivary gland cancers and there is no established standard therapy for this disease. Thus, development of molecular markers for SDC will be important to guide the diagnosis and therapy of this aggressive tumor.MethodsWe performed next-generation sequencing using the Ion Torrent AmpliSeq cancer panel, which explores the mutational status of hotspot regions in 50 cancer-associated genes, and we analyzed copy number variations (CNVs) of 21 genes by NanoString nCounter for 37 patients with SDC. Fluorescent in situ hybridization was also conducted to confirm ERBB2 gene amplification. Clinical records and tumor histopathology of the patients were retrospectively reviewed.ResultsGenetic alterations were detected in 29 of 37 (78.3%) tumors, including mutations in PIK3CA (N = 9, 24.3%), ERBB2 (N = 4, 10.8%), and EGFR (N = 4, 10.8%). To our knowledge, this is the first time that ERBB2 mutations have been reported in this tumor type. Both PIK3CA and ERBB2 mutation status were associated with poor overall survival, but without statistical significance. ERBB2 amplification was strong and common in SDC and almost all cases also exhibited EGFR and ERBB3 amplifications.ConclusionsThis study reports the largest and most comprehensive analysis of DNA aberrations in SDC. Our results show that PIK3CA and/or ERBB2 alterations in the development of SDC might be a useful diagnostic tool and could serve as a potential therapeutic target.",
"corpus_id": 12923439,
"score": 1,
"title": "High-throughput profiling identifies clinically actionable mutations in salivary duct carcinoma"
} |
{
"abstract": "Acoustic emission (AE) technology is one of the most established diagnostic techniques for \nrolling bearing monitoring in rotating machinery. The application of high-frequency AE for \nbearing diagnosis is gaining acceptance as a useful complimentary tool. This paper demonstrates \nthe use of AE measurements to investigate the AE characteristics of self-aligning journal bearings \nunder different rotational speed, radial load and lubrication condition. To undertake this task, a \npurpose-built test rig was employed for collecting AE signals from the journal bearings. Then, the \ncollected data was processed using time domain and frequency domain analysis methods which \nare of the most common techniques used for monitoring in AE applications. The results shown \nthat the data analysis method applied in this work is effective for characterising complicated AE \nsignals. Based on obtained results, it is concluded that the AE energy levels in high frequency \nrange higher for the higher radial load and speed condition. For different lubricant cases AE \nenergy becomes high when the viscosity is lower, which means that AE can be used to detect \nlubrication degradation in journal bearings.",
"corpus_id": 15359010,
"title": "Characterization of Acoustic Emissions from Journal Bearings for FaultDetection"
} | {
"abstract": "Since the early 1980s, wind power technology has experienced an immense growth with respect to both the turbine size and market share. As the demand for large-scale wind turbines and lor operation & maintenance cost continues to raise, the interest on condition monitoring system has increased rapidly. The main components of wind turbines are the focus of all CMS since they frequently cause high repair costs and equipment downtime. However, vast quantities of their failures are caused due to a bearing failure. Therefore, bearing condition monitoring becomes crucial. This paper aims at providing a state-of-the-art review on wind turbine bearing condition monitoring techniques such as acoustic measurement, electrical effects monitoring, power quality, temperature monitoring, wear debris analysis and vibration analysis. Furthermore, this paper will present a literature review and discuss several technical, financial and operational challenges from the purchase of the CMS to the wind farm monitoring stage.",
"corpus_id": 102490960,
"title": "A review of wind turbine bearing condition monitoring: State of the art and challenges"
} | {
"abstract": "Abstract The mechanical integrity of rotating biological contractors (RBCs) and their bearings are vital to maintaining uninterrupted operation. Part 1 of this work presented a study of the high-frequency stress wave (SW) technique as a means of monitoring low-speed RBCs (1 r/min). While the present authors were involved with the development of a monitoring system for RBCs, they also used the opportunity to assess the viability of the application of SWs to monitoring low-speed bearings having bore diameters ranging from 80 to 125 mm. It is concluded that the mechanism of SW generation was the relative movement between mating components experiencing a loss of mechanical integrity, e.g. the loss of tightening torque between the clamped components of RBCs.",
"corpus_id": 108829450,
"score": 2,
"title": "Condition monitoring of low-speed rotating machinery using stress waves Part 2"
} |
{
"abstract": "By cross-correlating recordings of ambient seismic noise, one can retrieve the subsurface reflection response. The quality of the retrieved reflections would depend on the qualities of the ambient noise. In a previous study, we cross-correlated ambient-noise data recorded in a desert area in North Africa and showed that we retrieved reflections. This was done assuming that body-wave noise continuously illuminates the recording array. But this is not necessarily true - noise which carries body-wave information can be present only at certain times. We now use only parts of the recorded noise during the correlation process. These parts contain identifiable body-wave events. We show that the results, retrieved only from the noise containing the events, exhibit clearer reflection arrivals.",
"corpus_id": 2094702,
"title": "Event-driven Seismic Interferometry with Ambient Seismic Noise"
} | {
"abstract": "SUMMARY\r\nPassive seismic interferometry is a new promising methodology for seismic exploration. Interferometry allows information about the subsurface structure to be extracted from ambient seismic noise. In this study, we apply the cross-correlation technique to approximately 25 hr of recordings of ambient seismic noise at the Ketzin experimental CO2 storage site, Germany. Common source gathers were generated from the ambient noise for all available receivers along two seismic lines by cross-correlation of noise records. This methodology isolates the interstation Green's functions that can be directly compared to active source gathers. We show that the retrieved response includes surface waves, refracted waves and reflected waves. We use the dispersive behaviour of the retrieved surface waves to infer geological properties in the shallow subsurface and perform passive seismic imaging of the subsurface structure by processing the retrieved reflected waves.",
"corpus_id": 128874928,
"title": "Reconstruction of subsurface structure from ambient seismic noise: an example from Ketzin, Germany"
} | {
"abstract": "The term seismic interferometry refers to the principle of generating new seismic responses by crosscorrelating seismic observations at different receiver locations. The first version of this principle was derived by Claerbout (1968), who showed that the reflection response of a horizontally layered medium can be synthesized from the autocorrelation of its transmission response. For an arbitrary 3D inhomogeneous lossless medium it follows from Rayleigh's reciprocity theorem and the principle of time-reversal invariance that the acoustic Green's function between any two points in the medium can be represented by an integral of crosscorrelations of wavefield observations at those two points. The integral is along sources on an arbitrarily shaped surface enclosing these points. No assumptions are made with respect to the diffusivity of the wavefield. The Rayleigh-Betti reciprocity theorem leads to a similar representation of the elastodynamic Green's function. When a part of the enclosing surface is the earth's free surface, the integral needs only to be evaluated over the remaining part of the closed surface. In practice, not all sources are equally important: The main contributions to the reconstructed Green's function come from sources at stationary points. When the sources emit transient signals, a shaping filter can be applied to correct for the differences in source wavelets. When the sources are uncorrelated noise sources, the representation simplifies to a direct crosscorrelation of wavefield observations at two points, similar as in methods that retrieve Green's functions from diffuse wavefields in disordered media or in finite media with an irregular bounding surface.",
"corpus_id": 130891395,
"score": 2,
"title": "Green's function representations for seismic interferometry"
} |
{
"abstract": "Relying on block-symbol spreading and judicious design of user codes, this paper builds on the generalized multicarrier (GMC) quasisynchronous CDMA system that is capable of multiuser interference (MUI) elimination and intersymbol interference (ISI) suppression with guaranteed symbol recovery, regardless of the wireless frequency-selective channels. GMC-CDMA affords an all-digital unifying framework, which encompasses single-carrier and several multicarrier (MC) CDMA systems. Besides the unifying framework, it is shown that GMC-CDMA offers flexibility both in full load (maximum number of users allowed by the available bandwidth) and in reduced load settings. A novel blind channel estimation algorithm is also derived. Analytical evaluation and simulations illustrate the superior error performance and flexibility of uncoded GMC-CDMA over competing MC-CDMA alternatives especially in the presence of uplink multipath channels.",
"corpus_id": 156977,
"title": "Generalized Multicarrier CDMA: Unification and Linear Equalization"
} | {
"abstract": "The traditional layered approach to wireless networks (network, data link, and physical layer) suboptimally utilizes the limited available capacity. We propose a quality of service wireless framework based on the joint design of a packet fair queuing scheduler, demand assignment medium access control (MAC) protocol, and multirate multipath-transparent CDMA-based physical layer. The unique code assignment procedure allows a direct mapping of the packet fair schedule to the physical layer transmission/reception, and supports transmission (service) rates of arbitrarily fine resolution. Judiciously designed user codes combat the harsh time-varying fading environment, and parsimonious code description minimizes overhead in the MAC. Simulations illustrate the merits of our designs.",
"corpus_id": 14073610,
"title": "Packet fair queueing scheduling based on multirate multipath-transparent CDMA for wireless networks"
} | {
"abstract": "The aim of this study is to determine the relationships of the direct interlocking shareholding companies using Social Network Analysis (SNA) and Geographic Information System (GIS). The study examines the shareholding company behavior between holding company and controlled company. The study also examines the geographic clustering among the type of industries. Finally, we use social network analytics to study long-term corporate power migration issue through progeny networks. The result shows that there is a significant geographic cluster in shareholders and their controlled companies. In this case, our analytics to corporate power migration through progeny networks has good effect.",
"corpus_id": 23045129,
"score": 1,
"title": "The Analysis on Power Migration: The Relationship Between Progeny Networks and Geographical Interlocking Shareholdings"
} |
{
"abstract": "The Resource Description Framework (RDF) is the fundamental data model underlying the Semantic Web. Recently, SPARQL has been proposed as W3C standard for querying RDF repositories. As RDF is a graph-based data model, the core problem of evaluating SPARQL queries is matching query graph patterns against the data graph, which is computationally very expensive. We address this problem by indexing graph patterns. In the spirit of SQL, we assume that users select the patterns to be indexed. We formally define the problem of covering indexes, i.e., finding those indexes whose graph-patterns are contained in the query pattern, and derive formulas for estimating index selectivity. Finally, we study the problem of finding optimal sets of indexes for a given query. We believe that our framework is the first comprehensive suggestion for indexing RDF for SPARQL queries that goes beyond simple indexing of labels.",
"corpus_id": 808280,
"title": "Index Support for SPARQL"
} | {
"abstract": "Graphs occur in many areas of life. We are interested in graphs in biology, where nodes are chemical compounds, enzymes, reactions, or interactions, which are connected by either directed or undirected edges. Efficiently querying these graphs is a challenging task. In this thesis we present GRIcano, a system that efficiently executes graph queries. For GRIcano we assume that graphs are stored and queried using relational database management systems (RDBMS). We use an extended version of the Pathway Query Language PQL to express graph queries, for which we describe the syntax and semantics in this work. We employ ideas from RDBMS to improve the performance of query execution. Thus, the core of GRIcano is a cost-based query optimizer, which is created using the Volcano optimizer generator. This thesis makes contributions to all three required components of the optimizer, the relational algebra, implementations, and cost model. Relational algebra operators alone are not sufficient to express graph queries. Thus, we first present new operators to rewrite PQL queries to algebra expressions. We propose the reachability φ, distance Φ, path length ψ, and path operator Ψ. In addition, we provide rewrite rules for the newly proposed operators in combination with standard relational algebra operators. Secondly, we present implementations for each proposed operator. The main contribution is GRIPP, an index structure that allows us to execute reachability queries on very large graphs containing directed edges. GRIPP has advantages over other existing index structures, which we review in this work. In addition, we show how to employ GRIPP and the recursive query strategy as implementation for all four proposed operators. The third component of GRIcano is the cost model, which requires cardinality estimates for the proposed operators and cost functions for the implementations. Based on extensive experimental evaluation of the proposed implementations we present functions to estimate the cardinality of the φ, Φ, ψ, and Ψ operator and the cost of executing a query. The novelty of our approach is that these functions only use key figures of the graph. We finally present the effectiveness of GRIcano using exemplary graph queries on real biological networks.",
"corpus_id": 14843370,
"title": "Cost-based optimization of graph queries in relational database management systems"
} | {
"abstract": "BackgroundConcussion diagnosis and management is made through the clinical exam using assessment tools that include self-report symptomatology, postural control, and cognitive evaluations. The specific timing of concussion resolution varies between individuals. However, despite a lack of research in concussion recovery, it is widely accepted that the majority of young adults will recover in 7–10 days, with youth athletes taking longer.ObjectivesThe purpose of this review is to directly compare the recovery duration among high school and collegiate athletes on symptom reports and cognitive assessments following concussion.Data SourcesData were collected from a literature search comprising high school or college athletes only. This included studies (n = 6) that reported symptom or cognitive performance recovery to the exact day.ResultsHigh school athletes self-reported symptom recovery at 15 days compared with 6 days in collegiate athletes. Both college and high school athletes showed cognitive recovery at similar rates of 5 and 7 days.LimitationsThis review only included articles that were directly related to concussed high school or college athletes. Additionally, athletes in the high school and college setting typically receive a battery of neurocognitive tests that may not be as sensitive or as comprehensive as a full neuropsychological exam.ConclusionThe review finds that neurocognitive recovery rates are similar among high school and college athletes, while symptom reporting shows longer recovery time points in high school than in college.Implications of Key FindingsAn individualized and stepwise concussion management plan is important for proper concussion recovery regardless of age.",
"corpus_id": 27482123,
"score": 0,
"title": "Concussion Recovery Time Among High School and Collegiate Athletes: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis"
} |
{
"abstract": "We present very long baseline interferometry (VLBI) images of ten very high redshift ( z> 3) quasars at 5 GHz. The sources 0004+139, 0830+101, 0906+041, 0938+119 and 1500+045 were observed in September 1992 using a global VLBI array, while 0046+063, 0243+181, 1338+381, 1428+423 and 1557+032 were observed in October 1996 with the European VLBI Network and Hartebeesthoek, South Africa. Most of the sources are resolved and show asym- metric structure. The sample includes 1428+423, the most dis- tant radio loud quasar known to date (z =4 :72). It is barely resolved with an angular resolution of about 2.01.4 mas.",
"corpus_id": 6434111,
"title": "VLBI imaging of extremely high redshift quasars at 5 GHz"
} | {
"abstract": "Some years ago (prior to the SNe Ia results) analysis of the angular-size/redshift relationship for ultra-compact radio sources indicted that for spatially flat universes the best choice of cosmological parameters was Ωm = 0.2 and ΩΛ = 0.8. Here I present an astrophysical model of these sources, based upon the idea that for those with redshift z>0.5 each measured angular size corresponds to a single compact component which is moving relativistically towards the observer; this model gives a reasonable account of their behaviour as standard measuring rods. A new analysis of the original data set, taking into account possible selection effects which bias against large objects, gives Ωm = 0.24+0.09/–0.07 for flat universes. The data points match the corresponding theoretical curve very accurately out to , and there is clear and sustained indication of the switch from acceleration to deceleration, which occurs at z = 0.85.",
"corpus_id": 14272770,
"title": "Tight cosmological constraints from the angular-size/redshift relation for ultra-compact radio sources"
} | {
"abstract": "We report the frequency response characteristics of an optical system consisting of a lens made of a uniaxial birefringent crystal sandwiched between two linear polarizers; the lens has prespecified off-axis aberrations such as primary astigmatism and primary coma. An analytical expression is obtained for the optical transfer function of the proposed system by use of the autocorrelation of the pupil function over the lens aperture. Some specific cases are computed and illustrated graphically. It has been shown that the proposed system has imaging characteristics distinctly different from those of an ordinary glass lens, and these may be advantageous for better balancing of aberrations in conventional imaging systems.",
"corpus_id": 38799719,
"score": 1,
"title": "Frequency response characteristics of a birefringent lens with off-axis aberrations."
} |
{
"abstract": "Let G\"n\",\"d denote the uniformly random d-regular graph on n vertices. For any S@?[n], we obtain estimates of the probability that the subgraph of G\"n\",\"d induced by S is a given graph H. The estimate gives an asymptotic formula for any d=o(n^1^/^3), provided that H does not contain almost all the edges of the random graph. The result is further extended to the probability space of random graphs with a given degree sequence.",
"corpus_id": 755580,
"title": "Induced subgraphs in sparse random graphs with given degree sequences"
} | {
"abstract": "We present a general result dealing with the existence and distribution of the number of subgraphs of a random graph of either binomial or uniform type. It is shown that many known facts about subgraphs of a random complete graph, random lattice, random regular graph, random mapping as well as random permutation, partition and matching, are the simple consequences of our theorems. Some new results which follow from our general approach and deal with a random out-regular directed graph, random tree and forest are also indicated.",
"corpus_id": 116857559,
"title": "Subgraphs of Random Graphs: A General Approach"
} | {
"abstract": "Let $p$ be a homogeneous polynomial of degree $n$ in $n$ variables, $p(z_1,...,z_n) = p(Z)$, $Z \\in C^{n}$. We call such a polynomial $p$ {\\bf H-Stable} if $p(z_1,...,z_n) \\neq 0$ provided the real parts $Re(z_i) > 0, 1 \\leq i \\leq n$. This notion from {\\it Control Theory} is closely related to the notion of {\\it Hyperbolicity} used intensively in the {\\it PDE} theory. \nThe main theorem in this paper states that if $p(x_1,...,x_n)$ is a homogeneous {\\bf H-Stable} polynomial of degree $n$ with nonnegative coefficients; $deg_{p}(i)$ is the maximum degree of the variable $x_i$, $C_i = \\min(deg_{p}(i),i)$ and $$ Cap(p) = \\inf_{x_i > 0, 1 \\leq i \\leq n} \\frac{p(x_1,...,x_n)}{x_1 ... x_n} $$ then the following inequality holds $$ \\frac{\\partial^n}{\\partial x_1... \\partial x_n} p(0,...,0) \\geq Cap(p) \\prod_{2 \\leq i \\leq n} (\\frac{C_i -1}{C_i})^{C_{i}-1}. $$ \nThis inequality is a vast (and unifying) generalization of the Van der Waerden conjecture on the permanents of doubly stochastic matrices as well as the Schrijver-Valiant conjecture on the number of perfect matchings in $k$-regular bipartite graphs. These two famous results correspond to the {\\bf H-Stable} polynomials which are products of linear forms. \nOur proof is relatively simple and ``noncomputational''; it uses just very basic properties of complex numbers and the AM/GM inequality.",
"corpus_id": 14111052,
"score": 2,
"title": "Van der Waerden/Schrijver-Valiant like Conjectures and Stable (aka Hyperbolic) Homogeneous Polynomials: One Theorem for all"
} |
{
"abstract": "PURPOSE ::: This study was conducted to understand the degree of internet addiction tendency and to find out the factors influencing this addiction tendency among middle school students in Gyeong-buk area. ::: ::: ::: METHODS ::: A total of 450 middle school students in the Daegu and Gyeong-buk area were surveyed in this study. Data collection was conducted through the use of questionnaires. ::: ::: ::: RESULTS ::: Internet addiction among middle school students was relatively low (Average user). In the overall ratio distribution, however, students who were classified as either addicted or at risk of addiction accounted for a high percentage, 27%. A positive correlation was found between Internet addiction and Internet expectation, depression and parent control over Internet use. A negative correlation was found between Internet addiction and interpersonal relationship, parent support and self-control. Multiple regression analysis revealed that the most powerful predictor of Internet addiction tendency was depression. ::: ::: ::: CONCLUSION ::: Through the above results, it would be necessary to develop an Internet addiction prevention program for adolescents taking into account for the psychological factors such as depression and Internet use habits. In the future study, the need assessment will be useful for developing this prevention program.",
"corpus_id": 3161235,
"title": "Factors influencing internet addiction tendency among middle school students in Gyeong-buk area."
} | {
"abstract": null,
"corpus_id": 739910,
"title": "Internet Addiction : Personality Traits Associated with Its Development"
} | {
"abstract": "According to the Social Identity Model of Identity Change, maintaining social identities and support over time is good for health and well-being, particularly during stressful transitions. However, in this study we explore the circumstances under which maintaining social identities – such as ‘substance user’ – may be harmful to health, and when a successful transition constitutes identity change, rather than maintenance. This prospective study examined social identities of 132 adults entering a drug and alcohol therapeutic community (TC) at admission, three fortnightly intervals and exit, as well as a representative subsample of 60 participants at follow-up. Repeated measures ANOVA results showed that user identity decreased significantly over time, such that 76% of the sample decreased in user identity strength over the first month in the TC. At the same time, recovery identity ratings increased significantly over time, with 64% of the sample staying the same or increasing their recovery identity ratings over the first month. Identity change, indexed by the change in the difference score between user identity and recovery identity over the treatment period, accounted for 34% of the variance in drinking quantity, 41% of the variance in drinking frequency, 5% of the variance in other drug use frequency, and 49% of the variance in life satisfaction at follow-up, after accounting for initial substance abuse severity and social identity ratings at entry to the TC. The findings indicate that moving from a substance using identity towards a recovery identity constitutes an important step in substance abuse treatment.",
"corpus_id": 207088867,
"score": -1,
"title": "Breaking good: Breaking ties with social groups may be good for recovery from substance misuse"
} |
{
"abstract": "Minimally invasive surgery has revolutionized the surgical management of benign foregut disease, as well as pulmonary and other gastrointestinal malignancies. With the potential to reduce operative morbidity and increase patient satisfaction, minimally invasive esophagectomy for the management of esophageal cancer is gaining in popularity. It is unclear, however, whether the minimally invasive approach to esophageal cancer resection has comparable long-term oncologic results. This article discusses the rationale for minimally invasive esophagectomy, describes the surgical technique, and reviews the published results.",
"corpus_id": 3014991,
"title": "Minimally invasive surgery for esophageal cancer."
} | {
"abstract": "There is scanty experience concerning robot‐assisted Ivor–Lewis oesophagectomy, so every new experience is helpful.",
"corpus_id": 8113767,
"title": "Initial results of robot‐assisted Ivor–Lewis oesophagectomy with intrathoracic hand‐sewn anastomosis in the prone position"
} | {
"abstract": "Background—In apparently healthy people, the relation between blood pressure and risk of subsequent cardiovascular disease (CVD) is linear. In persons with CVD, the relation is uncertain. Methods and Results—We conducted a prospective study of 5218 older women with CVD who reported their blood pressure at baseline in the Women’s Antioxidant Cardiovascular Study (WACS), an ongoing double-blind, placebo-controlled secondary prevention trial of the benefits and risks of antioxidant vitamins, folic acid, vitamin B6, and vitamin B12 among women with CVD or ≥3 coronary risk factors. A total of 661 confirmed CVD events (nonfatal myocardial infarction, nonfatal stroke, coronary artery bypass graft procedure, percutaneous coronary angioplasty, or CVD death) occurred during a median follow-up of 6.5 years. After controlling for age, randomized treatment assignment, antihypertensive medication use, and coronary risk factors, we found that systolic blood pressure (SBP) was a strong predictor of CVD events and that the relation between SBP and CVD risk was positive, continuous, and linear (P for linear trend=0.001). For each 10-mm Hg increment in SBP, there was a 9% (95% CI 4% to 15%) increase in risk of secondary CVD events. Diastolic blood pressure, mean arterial pressure, and pulse pressure were weaker predictors of CVD risk in this cohort, and joint consideration of SBP and diastolic blood pressure found that only SBP significantly predicted risk. Use of antihypertensive medication did not modify the relationship of SBP with CVD events. Conclusions—In this population of women with CVD, we observed a strong, continuous, and linear association between SBP and risk of secondary CVD events. SBP was the blood pressure measure most strongly related to CVD risk.",
"corpus_id": 472367,
"score": 1,
"title": "Blood Pressure and Risk of Secondary Cardiovascular Events in Women: The Women’s Antioxidant Cardiovascular Study (WACS)"
} |
{
"abstract": "Guidelines for visitors to sub-Antarctic Marion Island recommend 15 and 100 m minimum approach distances for breeding Northern (Macronectes halli) and Southern (Macronectes giganteus) Giant Petrels, respectively. Using artificial eggs containing FM transmitters, we measured the heart rate responses of incubating Northern Giant Petrels to pedestrian approaches. The mean resting heart rate was 80 beats per minute. Heart rates increased upon the detection of a person approximately 40 m away, and continued to increase during the approach to 5 m. Maximum increases over resting heart rate in response to natural disturbances and human approach were 97 and 204%, respectively. Northern Giant Petrels appear at least as sensitive to human disturbance as their congenerics. While low-key disturbance is unlikely to affect this solitary breeder as severely as it would the colonial Southern Giant Petrel, improved protection from disturbance could be achieved by restricting human passage through breeding colonies of Northern Giant Petrels to defined paths.",
"corpus_id": 268651,
"title": "Hardly hard-hearted: heart rate responses of incubating Northern Giant Petrels (Macronectes halli) to human disturbance on sub-Antarctic Marion Island"
} | {
"abstract": "We investigated whether daily O₂ consumption (V̇o2) could be predicted from heart rate (fH) in five exercising barnacle geese (Branta leucopsis) and compared the accuracy of this method with that of the doubly labeled water (DLW) method. The regressions of V̇o2 on fH, based on incremental speed tests, differed among individual birds. The O₂ pulse (i. e., V̇o2/fH) progressively increased with exercise level from 0.22 mL O₂ heartbeat⁻¹ during resting to an estimated 0.47 mL O₂ heartbeat⁻¹ during flight. Daily V̇o2, was generally underestimated (-3.9%) by (individual) resting O₂, pulses but overestimated (+8.4%) by linear regressions of V̇o2 on fH. However, it was wellpredicted (+0.8%) by the O₂ pulses appropriate for each exercise level When using relationships derived from the group of birds, the estimations were generally improved (-3.3% for resting O₂, pulse, -0.03% for appropriate O₂ pulse) but poorer (+13.6%) for the group linear regression. Some of these predictions were better than the estimation of daily CO₂ production (V̇o2) by the two-compartment model of the DLW method (average algebraic error of +0.9%). We conclude that fH can be used to estimate daily energy expenditure in birds accuratelyprovided that (1) its application is limited to the range of exercise levels in which fH has been calibrated against V̇o2 and (2a) V̇o2-fH relationships are determined for each individual bird or (2b) the fH measurements of several free-ranging birds are averaged. Heart rate can also be used to indicate within-day variation in energy expenditure.",
"corpus_id": 55542271,
"title": "Estimation of Daily Energy Expenditure from Heart Rate and Doubly Labeled Water in Exercising Geese"
} | {
"abstract": "Abstract This paper reviews the breeding distribution and numerical status of selected species of seabirds at 23 oceanic island groups in the Southern Ocean (between latitudes 35 and 70°S), based on census data and population estimates which have become available through increased scientific endeavour in the region during the last 15 years or so. The paper focuses on the avifauna of the Prince Edward islands, in the southern Indian Ocean, and points to the importance of these islands as a breeding station and sanctuary for seabirds. Only one oceanic island group, the Crozets, contains more species of breeding seabirds than the Prince Edward islands. Substantial segements (about 10% and greater) of the world breeding populations of the king and macaroni penguins, and the wandering, grey-headed, yellow-nosed and sooty albatrosses are based at the Prince Edward group. We recommend that Prince Edward Island ( sensu stricto ) should be a wilderness area, and that development at Marion Island should be kept to an absolute minimum.",
"corpus_id": 85107866,
"score": 2,
"title": "The Prince Edward Islands: A sanctuary for seabirds in the Southern Ocean"
} |
{
"abstract": "This paper deals with protocol design for cognitive cooperative systems with many secondary users. In contrast with previous cognitive configurations, the channel model considered assumes a cluster of secondary users which perform both a sensing process for transmitting opportunities and can relay data for the primary user. Appropriate relaying improves the throughput of the primary users and can increase the transmission opportunities for the cognitive users. Based on different multi-access protocols, the schemes investigated enable relaying either between the primary user and a selected secondary user or between two selected secondary users. This collaboration can be a simple distributed multiple-input single-output transmission of the primary data or a simultaneous transmission of primary and secondary data using dirty-paper coding (DPC). The parametrization of DPC as well as its combination with opportunistic relay selection yields an interesting trade-off between the primary and the secondary performance which is investigated by theoretical and simulation results under the perspective of a desired primary throughput. The proposed protocols are studied from a networking point of view and the stable throughput for primary and secondary users is derived based on the principles of queueing theory.",
"corpus_id": 16139802,
"title": "Protocol design and throughput analysis for multi-user cognitive cooperative systems"
} | {
"abstract": null,
"corpus_id": 45707017,
"title": "An Overview of Cognitive Radio Networks"
} | {
"abstract": "This paper performs a comprehensive performance analysis of a family of non-data-aided feedforward carrier frequency offset estimators for QAM signals transmitted through AWGN channels in the presence of unknown timing error. The proposed carrier frequency offset estimators are asymptotically (large sample) nonlinear least-squares estimators obtained by exploiting the fourth-order conjugate cyclostationary statistics of the received signal and exhibit fast convergence rates (asymptotic variances on the order of ::: , where ::: stands for the number of samples). The exact asymptotic performance of these estimators is established and analyzed as a function of the received signal sampling frequency, signal-to-noise ratio, timing delay, and number of symbols. It is shown that in the presence of intersymbol interference effects, the performance of the frequency offset estimators can be improved significantly by oversampling (or fractionally sampling) the received signal. Finally, simulation results are presented to corroborate the theoretical performance analysis, and comparisons with the modified Cramer-Rao bound illustrate the superior performance of the proposed nonlinear least-squares carrier frequency offset estimators.",
"corpus_id": 17586645,
"score": -1,
"title": "Non-Data-Aided Feedforward Carrier Frequency Offset Estimators for QAM Constellations: A Nonlinear Least-Squares Approach"
} |
{
"abstract": "We aimed to evaluate the feasibility and tolerability of the newly developed thermotherapy using magnetic nanoparticles on recurrent glioblastoma multiforme. Fourteen patients received 3-dimensional image guided intratumoral injection of aminosilane coated iron oxide nanoparticles. The patients were then exposed to an alternating magnetic field to induce particle heating. The amount of fluid and the spatial distribution of the depots were planned in advance by means of a specially developed treatment planning software following magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The actually achieved magnetic fluid distribution was measured by computed tomography (CT), which after matching to pre-operative MRI data enables the calculation of the expected heat distribution within the tumor in dependence of the magnetic field strength. Patients received 4–10 (median: 6) thermotherapy treatments following instillation of 0.1–0.7 ml (median: 0.2) of magnetic fluid per ml tumor volume and single fractions (2 Gy) of a radiotherapy series of 16–70 Gy (median: 30). Thermotherapy using magnetic nanoparticles was tolerated well by all patients with minor or no side effects. Median maximum intratumoral temperatures of 44.6°C (42.4–49.5°C) were measured and signs of local tumor control were observed. In conclusion, deep cranial thermotherapy using magnetic nanoparticles can be safely applied on glioblastoma multiforme patients.",
"corpus_id": 497191,
"title": "Intracranial Thermotherapy using Magnetic Nanoparticles Combined with External Beam Radiotherapy: Results of a Feasibility Study on Patients with Glioblastoma Multiforme"
} | {
"abstract": "Purpose: Thermoradiotherapy has been shown in several randomized trials to increase local control compared to radiotherapy alone. The first randomized study of interstitial hyperthermia in glioblastoma multiforme showed a survival benefit for hyperthermia, though small. Improvement of the heating technique could lead to improved results. The purpose of this feasibility study is to present the clinical and thermal data of application of an improved interstitial hyperthermia system. Methods and materials: Six patients with a glioblastoma multiforme were treated with interstitial hyperthermia using the Multi Electrode Current Source Interstitial Hyperthermia (MECS-IHT) system. The MECS-IHT system has the capability of spatial monitoring of temperature and individually steering of heating electrodes. Three sessions were given aiming at a steady state temperature of 42°C for 1 h, with an interval of 3–4 days, during an external irradiation scheme of 60 Gy in 6 weeks. Hyperthermia was delivered with a mean of 10 catheters, 18 heating electrodes and 38 thermal probes per patient. Results: Sub-optimal temperatures were encountered in the first two patients leading to adjustments in technique thereafter with subsequent improvement of thermal data. With a catheter spacing of 11–12 mm, measurements yielded a mean T90, T50 and T10 of 39.9, 43.7 and 45.2°C, respectively, over three sessions in the last patient. The power per electrode to reach this temperature distribution varied from 25–100% of full power in each of the last four patients. Thermal data were reproducible over the three sessions. Acute toxicity was minimal. Conclusions: Despite the spatial steering capabilities of the MECS-IHT system, a large temperature heterogeneity was encountered. The heterogeneity was the reason to limit the catheter spacing to 11–12 mm, thus making only small tumour volumes feasible for interstitial heating.",
"corpus_id": 1056670,
"title": "A feasibility study of interstitial hyperthermia plus external beam radiotherapy in glioblastoma multiforme using the multi electrode current source (MECS) system"
} | {
"abstract": "To assess the prevalence and distribution of allergic skin-test reactions in a general population sample, allergy prick tests were applied to 3101 subjects older than 2 years of age. Test materials included allergens common to the Tucson environment, and subjects were randomly stratified by age, sex, and socioeconomic status. No difference in the prevalence of measurable reactions was found among male subjects versus female subjects. A definite age relation was apparent, however, with the peak prevalence of reactivity (more than 40%) occurring during the third decade, and falling rapidly past age 50. When present, reactions tended to be multiple, highly reproducible, and more frequent among those in the higher socioeconomic strata. The prick test was judged to be a useful tool for the assessment of atopy.",
"corpus_id": 44314992,
"score": 1,
"title": "Immediate skin-test reactivity in a general population sample."
} |
{
"abstract": "Solid-state NMR spectroscopy can provide insight into protein structure and dynamics at the atomic level without inherent protein size limitations. However, a major hurdle to studying large proteins by solid-state NMR spectroscopy is related to spectral complexity and resonance overlap, which increase with molecular weight and severely hamper the assignment process. Here the use of two sets of experiments is shown to expand the tool kit of 1 H-detected assignment approaches, which correlate a given amide pair either to the two adjacent CO-CA pairs (4D hCOCANH/hCOCAcoNH), or to the amide 1 H of the neighboring residue (3D HcocaNH/HcacoNH, which can be extended to 5D). The experiments are based on efficient coherence transfers between backbone atoms using INEPT transfers between carbons and cross-polarization for heteronuclear transfers. The utility of these experiments is exemplified with application to assemblies of deuterated, fully amide-protonated proteins from approximately 20 to 60 kDa monomer, at magic-angle spinning (MAS) frequencies from approximately 40 to 55 kHz. These experiments will also be applicable to protonated proteins at higher MAS frequencies. The resonance assignment of a domain within the 50.4 kDa bacteriophage T5 tube protein pb6 is reported, and this is compared to NMR assignments of the isolated domain in solution. This comparison reveals contacts of this domain to the core of the polymeric tail tube assembly.",
"corpus_id": 3439508,
"title": "Solid-State NMR H-N-(C)-H and H-N-C-C 3D/4D Correlation Experiments for Resonance Assignment of Large Proteins."
} | {
"abstract": "Solid-state NMR spectroscopy has recently enabled structural biology with small amounts of non-deuterated proteins, largely alleviating the classical sample production demands. Still, despite the benefits for sample preparation, successful and comprehensive characterization of complex spin systems in the few cases of higher-molecular-weight proteins has thus far relied on traditional 13 C-detected methodology or sample deuteration. Herein we show for a 29 kDa carbonic anhydrase:acetazolamide complex that different aspects of solid-state NMR assessment of a complex spin system can be successfully accessed using a non-deuterated, 500 μg sample in combination with adequate spectroscopic tools. The shown access to protein structure, protein dynamics, as well as biochemical parameters in amino acid sidechains, such as histidine protonation states, will be transferable to proteins that are not expressible in E. coli.",
"corpus_id": 59305859,
"title": "Assessment of a Large Enzyme-Drug Complex by Proton-Detected Solid-State NMR Spectroscopy without Deuteration."
} | {
"abstract": "Abstract Objective: The study was aimed to improve the dissolution and bioavailability of developed stable amorphous solid dispersions (SDs) of pioglitazone hydrochloride (PGH), a poorly water-soluble drug. Significance: Poor aqueous solubility of PGH was overcome by the design of SDs. Level A correlation demonstrated between in vitro release and bioavailability of PGH, suggest its biowaiver potential. Methods: The effects of semicrystalline copolymers (poloxamer 407 and gelucire 50/13) and methods of preparations on dissolution behavior, in vivo performance, and stability of PGH SDs were investigated. All the SDs were characterized by FTIR, TGA, DSC, XRD, and SEM. Results: FTIR and TGA showed the compatibility with the polymers. The significant change in melting pattern of the PGH observed in the DSC thermograms supported by XRD patterns & SEM indicated a change from a crystalline to an amorphous state. Gelucire 50/13 was observed to have greater ability to form SDs than poloxamer 407 in solvent evaporation method (SM). Prevention of recrystallization during storage suggested stability of the formulation. Gelucire 50/13 based SD, prepared by SM remarkably increased the dissolution within 15 min (87.27 ± 2.25%) and was supported by dissolution parameters (Q15, IDR, RDR, % DE, f1, f2). These SDs showed pH-dependent solubility. In vivo test showed significantly (p < .05) higher AUC0–t and Cmax, which were about 3.17 and 4.34 times that of the pure drug respectively. Conclusion: Gelucire 50/13 was found to be a suitable carrier for SM for preparation of SDs of PGH as evident from increased dissolution and bioavailability.",
"corpus_id": 59225282,
"score": 1,
"title": "Effect of semicrystalline copolymers in solid dispersions of pioglitazone hydrochloride: in vitro-in vivo correlation"
} |
{
"abstract": "PURPOSE\nMain symptom of mucopolysaccharidosis type IVa (MPS IVa) is progressive systemic skeletal dysplasia. This is routinely monitored by cerebral and spinal MRI. The vascular system is generally not in the primary focus of interest. In our population of MPS IVa patients we observed vessel shape alterations of the vertebrobasilar arteries, which has not been described before.\n\n\nMATERIAL AND METHODS\nMRI-datasets of 26 patients with MPS IVa acquired between 2008 and 2015 were eligible for retrospective analysis of the vertebrobasilar arteries. The vessel length and angle of the basilar artery (BA) and both vertebral arteries (VA) were analyzed. A deflection angle between 90° and 130° in the vessel course was defined as tortuosity, less than 90° as kinking. The results were compared to a matched control group of 23 patients not suffering from MPS.\n\n\nRESULTS\nThe deflection angle [°] of the VA and BA was significantly decreased in the majority (85%) of MPS IVa patients compared to the control group: BA 132±24 vs. 177±6, BA/VA transition 113±21 vs. 152±13, right VA 108±23 vs. 156±13, left VA 110± 22 vs. 157±14 (all p<0.005). Likewise, vessels of MPS IVa patients were significantly longer compared to the control group: BA 27±4 vs. 21±2, right VA 20±6 vs. 10±1, left VA 18±5 vs. 11±2 (all p<0.005).\n\n\nCONCLUSION\nMPS IVa is associated with significantly increased tortuosity of vertebrobasilar arteries. Therefore the vascular system of MPS IVa patients should be monitored on routinely basis, as vessel shape alterations had been associated with dissections, leading to a higher risk of cerebrovascular events.",
"corpus_id": 3473272,
"title": "Vessel shape alterations of the vertebrobasilar arteries in Mucopolysaccharidosis type IVa (Morquio A) patients."
} | {
"abstract": "The aim of this review is to summarize the evidence on efficacy, effectiveness and safety of intravenous enzyme replacement therapy (ERT) available for mucopolysaccharidoses (MPSs) I, II, IVA, VI and VII, gained in phase III clinical trials and in observational post-approval studies. Post-marketing data are sometimes conflicting or controversial, possibly depending on disease severity, differently involved organs, age at starting treatment, and development of anti-drug antibodies (ADAs). There is general agreement that ERT is effective in reducing urinary glycosaminoglycans and liver and spleen volume, while heart and joints outcomes are variable in different studies. Effectiveness on cardiac valves, trachea and bronchi, hearing and eyes is definitely poor, probably due to limited penetration in the specific tissues. ERT does not cross the blood–brain barrier, with the consequence that the central nervous system is not cured by intravenously injected ERT. All patients develop ADAs but their role in ERT tolerance and effectiveness has not been well defined yet. Lack of reliable biomarkers contributes to the uncertainties about effectiveness. The data obtained from affected siblings strongly indicates the need of neonatal screening for treatable MPSs. Currently, other treatments are under evaluation and will surely help improve the prognosis of MPS patients.",
"corpus_id": 216595626,
"title": "Intravenous Enzyme Replacement Therapy in Mucopolysaccharidoses: Clinical Effectiveness and Limitations"
} | {
"abstract": "High arterial tortuosity may signify early arterial pathology which may precede development of intracranial aneurysms. We measured arterial tortuosity of intracranial vessels and reviewed the medical records of three groups of patients: with intracranial aneurysms, without aneurysms but at increased clinical risk, and controls without aneurysms or associated risk factors. There was significant but inconsistent evidence of increased arterial tortuosity in aneurysm cases and high-risk cases across different arteries. Medical records review identified that a subset of aneurysm cases carried a diagnosis of Loeys-Dietz syndrome that is often misdiagnosed as Marfan syndrome. We found increased arterial tortuosity in the Loeys-Dietz syndrome cases. A combination of medical record screening for Marfan syndrome or Loeys-Dietz symptoms such as aneurysms and evaluation of arterial tortuosity by a curve of scores from medical images may identify previously undiagnosed cases of Loeys-Dietz syndrome.",
"corpus_id": 31397839,
"score": 2,
"title": "Medical record and imaging evaluation to identify arterial tortuosity phenotype in populations at risk for intracranial aneurysms."
} |
{
"abstract": "A variety of opportunistic pathogens have been reported to infect patients receiving tumor necrosis factor (TNF) antagonists for the treatment of autoimmune diseases. These pathogens are numerous, and include coccidioides, histoplasma, nontuberculous mycobacteria, Mycobacteria tuberculosis, and others of public health concern. Accordingly, TNF antagonists should be used with caution in patients at risk for tuberculosis, and screening for latent tuberculosis infection should be undertaken before anti-TNF therapy is initiated. Although screening and prevention efforts have decreased the risk of tuberculosis in this setting, optimal screening methods represent an area of evolving controversy. This article discusses the latest developments in screening methodologies for latent tuberculosis infection, as well as potential preventive and therapeutic considerations for opportunistic infections associated with anti-TNF agents and other biologic therapies.",
"corpus_id": 1846087,
"title": "Preventing and treating biologic-associated opportunistic infections"
} | {
"abstract": "Anti‐tumor necrosis factor‐alpha (anti‐TNF) therapies are associated with severe mycobacterial infections in rheumatoid arthritis patients. We developed and validated electronic record search algorithms for these serious infections.",
"corpus_id": 5340594,
"title": "The reliability of diagnostic coding and laboratory data to identify tuberculosis and nontuberculous mycobacterial disease among rheumatoid arthritis patients using anti‐tumor necrosis factor therapy"
} | {
"abstract": "The development of inhibitors for the tyrosine anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) has advanced rapidly, driven by biology and medicinal chemistry. The first generation ALK inhibitor crizotinib was granted US FDA approval with only four years of preclinical and clinical testing. Although this drug offers significant clinical benefit to the ALK-positive patients, resistance has been developed through a variety of mechanisms. In addition to ceritinib, alectinib is another second-generation ALK inhibitor launched in 2014 in Japan. This drug has a unique chemical structure bearing a 5H-benzo[b]carbazol-11(6H)-one structural scaffold with an IC50 value of 1.9 nmol/L, and is highly potent against ALK bearing the gatekeeper mutation L1196M with an IC50 of 1.56 nmol/L. In the clinic, alectinib is highly efficacious in treatment of ALK-positive non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), and retains potency to combat crizotinib-resistant ALK mutations L1196M, F1174L, R1275Q and C1156Y.",
"corpus_id": 16272993,
"score": 1,
"title": "Alectinib: a novel second generation anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) inhibitor for overcoming clinically-acquired resistance"
} |
{
"abstract": "This is the first Greek study presenting epidemiologic data on first-episode psychosis (FEP) patients in a defined catchment area. Data for first episode psychotic patients during a two-year period (2008 and 2009) were obtained by all the mental health providers in the area, public or private. A total of 132 FEP patients were examined in the 2-year period in the catchment area. Most of the patients (61.4%) were diagnosed and treated by private practicing psychiatrists. Statistical analysis showed no differences between the two sectors in terms of patients’ age, gender, family and social status, profession and duration of untreated psychosis (median duration 6 months). Patients who were abusing substances and had no family psychiatric history were less likely been treated in the public sector. Immigrants comprised only a small proportion of the patients, probably because they have difficulties in accessing the mental health system.",
"corpus_id": 329941,
"title": "Rates of First Episode of Psychosis in a Defined Catchment Area in Greece"
} | {
"abstract": "BackgroundEqual utilization of health services for equal need, is one of the main targets for public health systems. Given the public-private structure of the Greek NHS, the main aim of the study was to investigate the impact of underlying factors, such as health care needs, socio-demographic characteristics and ethnicity, on the utilization of primary and hospital health care in an urban and rural population of the Greek region, Thessaly.MethodsA cross-sectional study was carried out in 2006 in Thessaly, a Greek region of Central Greece, in a representative sample of 1372 individuals (18+ years old, response rate 91.4%) via face-to-face interview. Health care needs were determined by self-perceived health status estimated by the SF-36 Health Survey, using the summary scores of physical and mental health. The utilization of primary care was measured by last month visits to 1) primary public services and 2) private practitioners visits and utilization of secondary care was measured by past year visits to 3) public hospital emergency departments and 4) admissions to public hospitals. Multivariable stepwise logistic regression analysis was applied in the whole sample and separately for the urban and rural population, in order to determine the predictors of health services utilization. Statistical significance was determined with a p value < 0.05.ResultsHealth care needs were the most significant determinants of primary and secondary health services utilization in both the urban and rural areas. Poor physical and mental health was associated with higher likelihood of use. In the urban areas middle-aged, elderly and Greeks were more likely to use primary health services, whereas primary education was associated with more visits to the emergency departments. Wealthier individuals were two times more likely to be admitted to hospitals. Individuals from the rural areas with university education visited more the public primary services, while wealthier individuals visited more the private practitioners. Immigrants had a higher likelihood of visiting emergency departments.ConclusionsAlthough health care needs were the main determinant of health services utilization in both the urban and rural population, socio-economic and ethnic differences also seem to contribute to the inequities observed in some types of health services use, favouring the better-off. Such findings provide important information to policy makers, which attempt to reduce inequalities in health care according to place of residence and ethnicity.",
"corpus_id": 9314351,
"title": "Do place of residence and ethnicity affect health services utilization? evidence from greece"
} | {
"abstract": "Introduction One of the great challenges during the COVID-19 pandemic was the management of ventilatory support. Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) was the main strategy for the management of refractory acute respiratory distress syndrome. Objective Retrospective, multicentre cohort study of adult patients who required extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) in participating centers. Clinical and paraclinical characteristics were recorded. A comparison was made between surviving and non-surviving patients. In addition, time from symptom onset to ECMO placement, time from mechanical ventilation, and cannulation were analyzed. Material and methods Retrospective, multicentre cohort study of adult patients who required extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) in participating centers. Clinical and paraclinical characteristics were recorded. A comparison was made between surviving and non-surviving patients. In addition, time from symptom onset to ECMO placement, time from mechanical ventilation, and cannulation were analyzed. Results Twenty-six patients were included in the analysis. Mortality during ECMO was 42.3% (n = 11) and overall hospital mortality was 65.3% (n = 17). The patient cohort did not differ in terms of sociodemographic characteristics and predictors of mortality at ICU admission between survivors and non-survivors. Mobile ECMO was performed in 10 patients, while 16 were cannulated in situ at the participating centers. The median time from symptom onset to ECMO was 14.5 days (IQR 10.7–21.5), 11 days (IQR 9.5–15.5) in the survivor group, and 17 days (IQR 12.5–27) in non-survivors. The median IMV time was 28.5 (IQR 13–38.25) days. Driving pressure (12 vs 10 cmH2O; p < .01), compliance (37.2 vs 21.4 ml/cmH2O; p < .01), and mechanical power (17.4 vs 11.3 J/min; p = .051) of the respiratory system showed statistically significant differences when comparing survivors and non-survivors, during the 3rd day of ECMO support. Conclusion In our cohort, mortality after ECMO and after 30 days of hospital stay, was 42.3%, similar to that stated on the extracorporeal life support organization (ELSO) COVID-19 registry dashboard. Information about patients with COVID-19 who required ECMO during the first wave in Argentina was provided in this analysis.",
"corpus_id": 253520318,
"score": 1,
"title": "Characteristics and outcomes in extracorporeal membrane oxygenation support in COVID-19 patients: A nationwide cohort-study in Argentina"
} |
{
"abstract": "A novel circuit configuration for indirect or slope-type analog-to-digital converters (ADC's) is described. Due to the simplicity of the analog requirements, this technique lends itself to implementation in a single low-cost single-polarity MOS chip. A breadboard version has been operated with 11 bit accuracy at a sample rate of 20/s.",
"corpus_id": 1657184,
"title": "An All-MOS Analog to Digital Converter using a Constant Slope Approach"
} | {
"abstract": "For pt.I see ibid., vol.SC-10, no.6, p.371-9 (1975). Describes techniques for performing A/D conversion compatibly with standard single-channel MOS technology. This second paper describes a two-capacitor successive approximation technique which, in contrast to the first, requires considerably less die area, is inherently monotonic in the presence of capacitor ratio errors, and which operates at somewhat lower conversion rate. Factors affecting accuracy and conversion rate are considered analytically. Experimental results from a monolithic prototype are presented; a resolution of eight bits was achieved with an A/D conversion time of 100 /spl mu/s. Used as a D/A convertor, a settling time of 12.5 /spl mu/s was achieved. The estimated total die size for a completely monolithic version including logic is 5000 mil/SUP 2/.",
"corpus_id": 21581612,
"title": "All-MOS charge-redistribution analog-to-digital conversion techniques. II"
} | {
"abstract": "Abstract The enthalpy increments Δ 273.15 K T H m 0 of Na2W2O7(s) and Na2W4O13(s) were measured in the temperature range 273–979 K by the drop method using a high temperature Calvet HT-1000 calorimeter. The results can be represented by the polynomial equations: Δ 273.15 K T H m 0 ( Na 2 W 2 O 7 )=−71,006+211.12T+10.720×10 −2 T 2 +2.566×10 6 T −1 Δ 273.15 K T H m 0 ( Na 2 W 4 O 13 )=−136,568+388.97T+6.643×10 −2 T 2 +6.950×10 6 T −1 The expressions of the heat capacity against temperature for these two compounds were obtained from the differentiation of the above equations. By combining these results with data from the literature, smoothed thermodynamic functions have been calculated for Na2W2O7.",
"corpus_id": 93905086,
"score": 0,
"title": "Thermodynamic properties of Na2W2O7(s) and Na2W4O13(s) in the temperature range 298.15–1000 K"
} |
{
"abstract": "We develop a stochastic programming model to aid manufacturing firms in making strategic decisions in technology acquisition. The proposed model maximizes the firm's expected profit under the condition of the uncertainty in technological progress and development. To solve this large-scale problem, we decompose future uncertainties through scenarios and then develop an algorithm to solve the resulting non-linear subproblems efficiently. Finally, we develop a heuristic to eliminate the infeasibility in the master problem and obtain best solutions. Numerical results show that our heuristic solutions are very close to the optimal solutions and meaningful insights are derived.",
"corpus_id": 154395956,
"title": "TECHNOLOGICAL PROGRESS AND TECHNOLOGY ACQUISITION: STRATEGIC DECISION UNDER UNCERTAINTY"
} | {
"abstract": "This chapter identifies potential areas in which firms can integrate green into current business practices based on the existing literature. An extensive literature review was conducted to examine research and practice with respect to the concurrent implementation of green, lean, and global supply chain strategies. The applied literature analysis identifies that lean not only serves as a catalyst but is also synergistic for green. Lean is beneficial for green practices, and the implementation of green practices, in turn, also has a positive influence on existing global business practices (Dües, Tan, & Tim, 2013). The chapter provides an assessment of existing academic research on the relationship and links between lean and green supply chain management practices. Existing explanatory frameworks are explored and discussed, primarily based on objectives including: (a) identification processes where lean practices are synergized with a go-green philosophy of business, (b) advocating green practices as an essential element in the lean value chain, and (c) developing a green-lean framework based on existing literature for competitive advantage for business firms. Sudhanshu Joshi Doon University, India Manu Sharma Unison IMS University, India",
"corpus_id": 114516788,
"title": "Blending Green with Lean - Incorporating Best-of-the-Breed Practices to Formulate an Optimum Global Supply Chain Management Framework: Issues and Concerns"
} | {
"abstract": "Tanahashi and Luenberger have recently discussed a class of problems that they call “cardinality constrained linear programs (CCLP's).” These are linear programs with an additional constraint limiting the number of variables that may take on strictly positive values. Tanahashi and Luenberger presented cutting plane methods to solve the CCLP. We show how to solve the CCLP by modifying a procedure for generating all the vertices of the feasible region of the associated linear program. We also illustrate the relations between the CCLP and some other problems discussed in the literature.",
"corpus_id": 9696950,
"score": 2,
"title": "Technical Note - Vertex Generation and Cardinality Constrained Linear Programs"
} |
{
"abstract": "Obesity is an increasing problem in the world and affects a growing part of society on everyday basis. Its main causes are disorder of the hunger and satiety centers and metabolic disorders regarding to improper management of fatty acids, bile acids, carbohydrates and lipids. However, the exact mechanisms of the disease development are still poorly understood. In recent years more attention is focused on the role of gastrointestinal hormones in the pathogenesis of obesity, which also delivers new targets for pharmacotherapy. This review aims to present the role of gastrointestinal hormones in the pathogenesis and the treatment of obesity. The abnormalities present in obese patients refer mainly to disturbances in concentration of adiponectin, leptin, peptide YY (PYY) and FGF-19. Controlling and regulating the concentration of circulating gastrointestinal hormones is important in maintaining proper body mass and energy homeostasis. Currently, the most effective methods controlling the concentration of these hormones are pharmacology and bariatric surgery which improve also obesity-related comorbidities.",
"corpus_id": 208163091,
"title": "The role of gastrointestinal hormones in the pathogenesis and the treatment of obesity"
} | {
"abstract": "Introduction: Indian phenotype includes higher waist circumference despite lower body mass index, thereby making Indians more prone to diabetes and its complications. Aim: The present study aimed to analyze the serum levels of adiponectin and leptin in the participants with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and obesity and their correlation with hypertension and dyslipidemia. Materials and Methods: In the study, 50 diabetics and 50 controls aged between 40 and 60 years were included in the study. Results: Adiponectin levels were significantly higher in diabetics than in nondiabetic participants irrespective of gender (P ≤ 0.04 in males, P ≤ 0.02 in females). Leptin levels were significantly higher in diabetics compared to nondiabetics (P ≤ 0.001) in both males and females. Conclusion: Adiponectin and leptin levels may be used as important clinical markers for T2DM and obesity.",
"corpus_id": 1618724,
"title": "Correlation of Serum Adiponectin and Leptin levels in Obesity and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus"
} | {
"abstract": "Fibroblast growth factor 19 (FGF19) is proposed to be a negative feedback regulator of hepatic bile acid (BA) synthesis. We aimed to clarify the distribution of FGF19 expression in human intestine and to investigate induction in a novel explant system. Ileal and colonic mucosal biopsies were obtained at endoscopy and analyzed for FGF19 transcript expression. Primary explants were incubated with physiological concentrations of various BA for up to 6 h, and expression of FGF19 and other genes was determined. FGF19 transcripts were detected in ileum but were unquantifiable in colon. No loss of FGF19 mRNA occurred as a consequence of the explant system. Ileal FGF19 transcript expression was induced 350-fold by 50 μM chenodeoxycholate (CDCA, n = 24, P < 0.0001) and 161-fold by 50 μM glycochenodeoxycholate (GCDCA, n = 12, P = 0.0005). The responses of other genes to CDCA or GCDCA (50 μM) were smaller: median increases of ileal bile acid binding protein, organic solute transporter-α and -β, and short heterodimer partner were 2.4- to 4.0-fold; apical membrane sodium bile acid transporter and farnesoid X receptor (FXR) showed little change. The EC50 for FGF19 transcript induction by CDCA was 20 μM. FGF19 protein concentrations were significantly higher in the culture fluid from BA-stimulated explants. FGF19 induction with cholate was 81% of that found with CDCA, but deoxycholate (40%) and lithocholate (4%) were significantly less potent. The synthetic FXR agonist obeticholic acid was much more potent than CDCA with a 70-fold FGF19 stimulation at 1 μM. We concluded that FGF19 expression in human ileum is very highly responsive to BA. Changes in FGF19 induction are a potential mechanism involved in disorders of BA homeostasis.",
"corpus_id": 7882082,
"score": -1,
"title": "Potent stimulation of fibroblast growth factor 19 expression in the human ileum by bile acids"
} |
{
"abstract": "Datalog∃ is the extension of Datalog allowing existentially quantified variables in rule heads. This language is highly expressive and enables easy and powerful knowledge-modelling, but the presence of existentially quantified variables makes reasoning over Datalog∃ undecidable in the general case. Restricted classes of Datalog∃, such as shy, have been proposed in the literature with the aim of enabling powerful, yet decidable query answering on top of Datalog∃ programs. However, in order to make such languages attractive it is necessary to guarantee good performance for query answering tasks. This paper works in this direction: improving the performance of query answering on Datalog∃. To this end, we design a rewriting method extending the well-known Magic-Sets technique to any Datalog∃ program. We demonstrate that our rewriting method preserves query equivalence on Datalog∃, and can be safely applied to shy programs. We therefore incorporate the Magic-Sets method in DLV∃, a system supporting shy. Finally, we carry out an experiment assessing the positive impact of Magic-Sets on DLV∃, and the effectiveness of the enhanced DLV∃ system compared to a number of state-of-the-art systems for ontology-based query answering.",
"corpus_id": 170208,
"title": "Magic-Sets for Datalog with Existential Quantifiers"
} | {
"abstract": "In this extended abstract we describe, mainly by examples, the main elements of the Ontological Multidimensional Data Model, which considerably extends a relational reconstruction of the multidimensional data model proposed by Hurtado and Mendelzon by means of tuple-generating dependencies, equality-generating dependencies, and negative constraints as found in Datalog+-. We briefly mention some good computational properties of the model.",
"corpus_id": 13521830,
"title": "The Ontological Multidimensional Data Model"
} | {
"abstract": "This paper introduces ILOG( a declarative language in the style of (stratified) datalog( which can be used for querying, schema translation, and schema augmentation in the context of object-based data models. The semantics of ILOG is based on the use of Skolem functors, and is closely related to semantics for object-based data manipulation languages which provide mechanisms for explicit creation of object identifiers (OIDs). A normal form is presented for ILOG’ programs not involving recursion through OID creation, which identifies a precise correspondence between OIDs created in the target, and values and OIDs in the source. The expressive power of various sublanguages of ILOG’ is shown to range from a natural generalization of the conjunctive queries to the object-based context, to a language which can specify all computable database translat.ions (up to duplicate copies). The issue of testing vuliilityof ILOG programs translat.ing one semantic schema to another is studied: cases are presented for which several -validity issues (e.g., functional and/or subset relationships in the *This research supported in part by NSF grant IRI-8719875. ‘Research by this author also supported in part by NSF grant INT-8817874 and a grant from ATTI [cc and/or special permission from the EnJo%mcnt. Proceedings of the 16th VLDB Confercncc Brisbane, Australia 1990 Masatoshi Yoshikawa* Department of Information and Communication Sciences Kyoto Sangyo University Kamigamo, Kita-ku, Kyoto 603 Japan yosikawaQkyoto-su.ac.jp target schema) are decidable; and other cases are presented for which they are undecidable. Non-recursive ILOG is rich enough to simulate some schema translation languages based on local structural manipulation, and non-recursive ILOG’ can simulate the core of the OOAlgebra of [Day89], and of several other translation languages of the systems literature.",
"corpus_id": 12880526,
"score": 2,
"title": "ILOG: Declarative Creation and Manipulation of Object Identifiers"
} |
{
"abstract": "The possibilities of structure elucidation of nucleic acid degradation products and of sequencing of oligonucleotides are discussed.",
"corpus_id": 753909,
"title": "Mass spectroscopic investigation of nucleic acid degradation products"
} | {
"abstract": "Six major components of a mixture of the pyrolysis products of deoxyribonucleic acid have been analysed by combined low energy electron impact and collisional activation spectra. The method allowed the assignment of the structures of the different components in the complex mixture without prior separation.",
"corpus_id": 8746737,
"title": "Analysis of mixtures by collisional activation spectrometry: pyrolysis products of deoxyribonucleic acid."
} | {
"abstract": "The molecular ions of isomeric octanes retain their structural identity, while their alkyl fragments [CnH2n+1]+ (n = 3 to 7) isomerise to common structures prior to decomposition. Structures for [C6H13]+ and [C7H15]+ ions are proposed.",
"corpus_id": 95021135,
"score": 2,
"title": "Isomerisation of hydrocarbon ions:I—Isomeric octanes: Acollisional actiation study"
} |
{
"abstract": "The contemporary discussion of rationalist v. empiricist theories of learning, particularly among linguists, seems to me to suffer from a particular misconception concerning the nature of the alternatives. Empiricist views are characterised as equating human learning with animal learning and the theories of animal learning which are taken as paradigmatic are of a restricted kind. In analysing this position and its consequences I will develop three main themes. The first of these is that changing views about animal learning are leading to more complicated theories of animal behaviour. Secondly I will illustrate the way in which cognitive models of human behaviour are developing and will suggest that the conceptual frameworks so derived are a more appropriate tool than everyday language for discussions of the philosophy of mind. Finally I will consider in some detail certain features of the current debate concerning the nature of language learning and will indicate that the use of a particular set of concepts to define a debate can lead to inappropriate conclusions. What these themes have in common is the stress placed on the types of theory which can be seen as an alternative to the rationalist position.",
"corpus_id": 157672030,
"title": "The Use of Natural and Linguistic Concepts in Psychological Explanation"
} | {
"abstract": "The authors offer a theory concerning the nature of a linguistic description, that is, a theoretical statement about the kind of description that a linguist is able to give of a natural language. This theory seeks to integrate the generative conception of phonology and syntax developed by Chomsky and Halle, with the conception of semantics proposed by Katz and Fodor. The authors demonstrate that the integration within one theory of these conceptions of phonology, syntax, and semantics clarifies, further systematizes, and justifies each of them. They also show that such integration sheds considerable light upon the nature of linguistic universals, that is, upon the nature of language. Primary focus is placed on the relation between the syntactic and the semantic components of a linguistic description.",
"corpus_id": 144828363,
"title": "An integrated theory of linguistic descriptions"
} | {
"abstract": "When a flavor is immediately followed by peripheral electric shock, rats learn to use the flavor cue to avoid shock, but ingestion of that flavor is not reduced outside the shock apparatus. In contrast, when a flavor is followed by internal illness, rats will reject that fluid in or out of the situation where illness occurred. However, motor approach to visual cues previously associated with that flavor is not immediately affected. Thus flavor, used as a cue, acquires generalization properties depending upon the subsequent reinforcer and reflecting differential specialization in mechanisms controlling palatability and locomotor responses.",
"corpus_id": 145271729,
"score": 2,
"title": "Cue properties vs palatability of flavors in avoidance learning"
} |
{
"abstract": null,
"corpus_id": 215614769,
"title": "Body vectoring technique with Radiesse® for tightening of the abdomen, thighs, and brachial zone"
} | {
"abstract": "The purpose of this article is to discuss current techniques used with poly-l-lactic acid to safely and effectively address changes observed in the aging face. Several important points deserve mention. First, this unique agent is not a filler but a stimulator of the host's own collagen, which then acts to volumize tissue in a gradual, progressive, and predictable manner. The technical differences between the use of biostimulatory agents and replacement fillers are simple and straightforward, but are critically important to the safe and successful use of these products and will be reviewed in detail. Second, in addition to gains in technical insights that have improved our understanding of how to use the product to best advantage, where to use the product to best advantage in facial filling has also improved with ever-evolving insights into the changes observed in the aging face. Finally, it is important to recognize that a patient's final outcome, and the amount of product and work it will take to get there, is a reflection of the quality of tissues with which they start. This is, of course, an issue of patient selection and not product selection.",
"corpus_id": 35564019,
"title": "Facial volume restoration of the aging face with poly-l-lactic acid."
} | {
"abstract": "Abstract In chromatographic analysis of multicomponent real samples, peak overlapping, high level of noise and background are frequently encountered, making the qualitative and quantitative analysis difficult or even impossible. In this work, an algorithm named as generalized window factor analysis (GWFA) was proposed for quantitative analysis of the target components in the samples with complex matrices by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS). The theory and calculation of GWFA are just similar with the conventional window factor analysis (WFA), but the “window” is defined as the selected channels (mass-to-charge ratios) in the mass spectral dimension of the data matrix, instead of a continuous region in chromatographic dimension along the retention time. Therefore, the generalized window for a target component can be easily determined with the help of the mass spectrum. Then, the calculated mass spectrum can be obtained with the window and quantitative determination can be achieved with the help of the standard. Both simulated and experimental data were investigated with the proposed method. Whether or not a peak shift occurs during the test, accurate results were obtained from the overlapping GC–MS signals with high level of noise and background.",
"corpus_id": 41642942,
"score": -1,
"title": "Generalized window factor analysis for selective analysis of the target component in real samples with complex matrices"
} |
{
"abstract": "To better support emerging interactive mobile applications such as those VR-/AR-based, cloud computing is quickly evolving into a new computing paradigm called edge computing. Edge computing has the promise of bringing cloud resources to the network edge to augment the capability of mobile devices in close proximity to the user. One big challenge in edge computing is the efficient allocation and adaptation of edge resources in the presence of high dynamics imposed by user mobility. This paper provides a formal study of this problem. By characterizing a variety of static and dynamic performance measures with a comprehensive cost model, we formulate the online edge resource allocation problem with a mixed nonlinear optimization problem. We propose MOERA, a mobility-agnostic online algorithm based on the “regularization” technique, which can be used to decompose the problem into separate subproblems with regularized objective functions and solve them using convex programming. Through rigorous analysis we are able to prove that MOERA can guarantee a parameterized competitive ratio, without requiring any a priori knowledge on input. We carry out extensive experiments with various real-world data and show that MOERA can achieve an empirical competitive ratio of less than 1.2, reduces the total cost by $4 \\times$4× compared to static approaches, and outperforms the online greedy one-shot solution by 70 percent. Moreover, we verify that even being future-agnostic, MOERA can achieve comparable performance to approaches with perfect partial future knowledge. We also discuss practical issues with respect to the implementation of our algorithm in real edge computing systems.",
"corpus_id": 52210663,
"title": "MOERA: Mobility-Agnostic Online Resource Allocation for Edge Computing"
} | {
"abstract": "A new class of cognition augmenting applications such as face recognition or natural language processing is emerging for mobile devices. This kind of applications is computation and power intensive and a cloud infrastructure would provide a great potential to facilitate the code execution. Since these applications usually consist of many composable components, finding the optimal execution layout is difficult in real time. In this paper, we propose an efficient code partition algorithm for mobile code offloading. Our algorithm is based on the observation that when a method is offloaded, the subsequent invocations will be offloaded with a high chance. Unlike the current approach which makes an individual decision for each component, our algorithm finds the offloading and integrating points on a sequence of calls by depth-first search and a linear time searching scheme. Experimental results show that, compared with the 0–1 Integer Linear Programming solver, our algorithm runs 2 orders of magnitude faster with more than 90% partition accuracy.",
"corpus_id": 14526833,
"title": "To offload or not to offload: An efficient code partition algorithm for mobile cloud computing"
} | {
"abstract": "In many political elections, the electorate appears to be a composite of partisan and independent voters. Given that partisans are not likely to convert to a different party, an important goal for a political party could be to mobilize independent voters toward the party with the help of strong leadership, mass media, partisans, and the effects of peer-to-peer influence. Based on the exact solution of classical voter model dynamics in the presence of perfectly partisan voters (i.e., zealots), we propose a computational method that uses pinning control strategy to maximize the share of a party in a social network of independent voters. The party, corresponding to the controller or zealots, optimizes the nodes to be controlled given the information about the connectivity of independent voters and the set of nodes that the opposing party controls. We show that controlling hubs is generally a good strategy, but the optimized strategy is even better. The superiority of the optimized strategy is particularly eminent when the independent voters are connected as directed (rather than undirected) networks.",
"corpus_id": 15717185,
"score": -1,
"title": "Opinion control in complex networks"
} |
{
"abstract": "A variety of endoscopic haemostatic techniques have enabled major advances in the management of not only bleeding peptic ulcers and bleeding varices, but also in a variety of bleeding lesions in the small intestine and in the colon. Indeed, the development and widespread implementation of endoscopic haemostasis has been one of the most important developments in clinical gastroenterology in the past two decades. An increasingly ageing cohort of patients with multiple co-morbidity are being treated and therefore improving the outcome of gastrointestinal bleeding continues to pose major challenges.",
"corpus_id": 2307021,
"title": "Management of gastrointestinal haemorrhage"
} | {
"abstract": "Choriocarcinoma is a gestational trophoblastic tumour with a high metastatic potential but presentation with gastrointestinal haemorrhage due to jejunal mucosal metastasis is very rare. A 25-year-old Nepali woman presented with severe anaemia and massive gastrointestinal haemorrhage after normal pregnancy following evacuation of a hydatiform mole. During laparotomy, the patient was found to have extensive jejunal mucosal metastases.",
"corpus_id": 9078860,
"title": "A perplexing case of gastrointestinal haemorrhage."
} | {
"abstract": "different ages living in Ouagadougou. The prevalence among the population of 20-24 years old was 82,2 %. 72,7 % among the population of 12-14 years old, and 6,2 % for the population of 2-3 years old. But 37,3 % of the mothers of this group intend to mutilate their daughters. The average age of this practice is 6,6 years ± 0,52 among the population 20-24 years old, 5,94 years among the population 12,14 years old, 14,47 months among the population 2-3 years old. The comparison of the prevalence of F.M.G. In our 3 g roups allowed to note an evolutive tendency to fall factors as parents school level lifting, their socio-economic conditions improving the sensibilisation begun in 1983 co-operated in this fall. The reasons which perpetuate this practice are complex and socio-cultural with in the back-ground an ignorance of female genital organs physiology and some religious prescriptions.",
"corpus_id": 67900652,
"score": 1,
"title": "Mutilations genitales feminines dans la ville de Ouagadougou epidemiologie evolution"
} |
{
"abstract": "In this work we consider morphisms that preserve well-known non-repeating properties: squarefreeness, cubefreeness, overlap-freeness and weak squarefreeness. Up to the present moment only the morphisms preserving three out of four non-repeating properties have been known. The problem of the existence of weakly squarefree morphisms was open. \nThe essential result of this work is the positive solution to this problem. An example of the morphism preserving all four properties is provided. Also, it is proved that there are no morphisms with the same properties and a lower rank.",
"corpus_id": 37562,
"title": "Another Solution to the Thue Problem of Non-Repeating Words"
} | {
"abstract": "2726. A problem on strings of beads. A problem which is of some interest in the theory of semigroups and in other contexts may be stated thus. It is required to construct a string of beads of three colours such that there is no \" local repetition \" in the pattern, i.e., there do not exist integers m >0, n such that the (n + 1)th to the (n +m)th beads have the same respective colours as the (n + m + l)th to the (n + 2m)th. Thus if the beads are represented by the digits 0 1 2 according to their colour, the string must not contain consecutive beads 0 0 of the same colour, or consecutive pairs 01 0 1, etc., anywhere in the sequence. The sequence is to extend to infinity in both directions. The only solutions known to me * are indirect to the extent that they involve constructing an auxiliary sequence (of binary and ternary digits respectively) from which the required sequence is derived by a further construction. I give here a construction which is direct, producing the required sequence without any intermediate constructon, and which is substantially different from either of the solutions mentioned above. Unlike these latter, it treats the three colours essentially equivalently. The present solution consists of constructing three finite blocks of beads of equal length, denoted by A, B, C, which are such that given any permissible arrangement of the beads, the corresponding arrangement of the blocks is also permissible. As this arrangement of the blocks gives a longer string of beads than the original one, the process may be repeated to give arbitrarily long strings of beads. If in particular the initial arrangement of the beads is that of one of the blocks, each new string of beads is an extension of the previous one, and this string can therefore be extended without limit. Consider the blocks",
"corpus_id": 126406225,
"title": "2726. A problem on strings of beads"
} | {
"abstract": "A word w is called repetitive if it contains two consecutive equal factors ; otherwise w is nonrepetitive. Thus the word abacacb is repetitive, and abcacbabcbac is nonrepetitive. There is no nonrepetitive word of length 4 over a two letter alphabet ; on the contrary, there exist infinite nonrepetitive words over a three letter alphabet. Most of the explicitly known infinite nonrepetitive words are constructed by iteration of a morphism. In this paper, we show that it is decidable whether an infinite word over a three letter alphabet obtained by iterating a morphism is nonrepetitive. We also investigate nonrepetitive morphisms, i.e. morphisms preserving nonrepetitive words, and we show that it is decidable whether a morphism (over an arbitrary finite alphabet) is nonrepetitive.",
"corpus_id": 42076143,
"score": 2,
"title": "Sur les mots sans carré définis par un morphisme"
} |
{
"abstract": "Biomedical analysis is one of the most advanced areas solved in analytical chemistry due to the requirements on the analyzed samples (analyte vs. matrix problems) as well as on the overall analytical process regarding automatization and miniaturization of the analyses. Separation methods for the biomedical analysis are requested to provide high resolution power, high separation efficiency and high sensitivity. This is connected with such conditions that analytes are present in the samples in very low (trace) amounts and/or are present in multicomponent matrices (serum, plasma, urine, etc.). These complex matrices consist from inorganic and organic constituents at (very) differing concentrations and these can overlap the analyte(s) peak(s) due to migration and detection interferences. In addition, a column overloading can occur in such cases. It can be pronounced especially for the microscale separation methods such as the capillary electrophoresis (CE). Hence, it is obvious that there is the need for the sample preparation: (i) preconcentration – lower limits of detection and quantification; (ii) purification of the sample and isolation of analytes – elimination of sample matrix; (iii) derivatization – improvement of physical and/or chemical properties of the analytes, before the CE analysis in these situations to reach relevant analytical information. Sample pretreatment can be performed either off-line (before injection of analyzed sample into the analyzer) or on-line (after the injection). The conventional separation systems (single column) use mostly external (off-line) sample pretreatment, even though this analytical approach has many limitations. These are (i) a loss of the analytes, (ii) time consuming and tedious procedure, (iii) problematic manipulation with minute amounts of the samples, (iv) problematic for automatization, (v) decreased precision of the analyses, etc. On the other hand, on-line sample pretreatment has many advantages as (i) elimination of random and/or systematic errors caused by external sample handling, (ii) simplification of an overall analytical process (less number of an external steps), (iii) reduction of the total analysis time and (iv) possibility of the automatization and miniaturization of the analytical process (routine precise microanalyses). A significant enhancement of sensitivity and selectivity is one of the main benefits of the on-line sample pretreatment. An on-line pretreatment is crucial when there are only micro amounts of the samples for the analysis and/or when analytes/samples have lower stability. The advanced single column electrophoretic techniques (transient isotachophoresis, fieldenhanced sample stacking, dynamic pH junction, sweeping, in-capillary solid/liquid phase extraction-CE, in-capillary dialysis-CE, etc.), representing the CE with the on-line (incolumn) sample preparation, were described and successfully applied for trace analytes and",
"corpus_id": 34484215,
"title": "5 Column Coupling Electrophoresis in Biomedical Analysis"
} | {
"abstract": null,
"corpus_id": 852615,
"title": "New configuration in capillary isotachophoresis-capillary zone electrophoresis coupling."
} | {
"abstract": "Coupled-column two dimensional (2D) separation systems offer potentially high peak capacity and are amenable to automation. Reversed phase liquid chromatography (RPLC) and capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE) are complementary techniques well suited for use in a 2D system. Optically gated CZE is a means of performing rapid CZE analyses. In a 2D system, these rapid CZE analyses enable more frequent sampling of the RPLC separation and thus more freedom in control of the RPLC analysis conditions. Complete 2D separations can be done in the time usually required to do the RPLC analysis alone. With the present system, a complete 2D analysis can be done in under 10 min. Because the peak capacity of a 2D method is inherently high, some of the available peak capacity can be exchanged for speed of analysis. Acceleration of the RPLC elution gradient will decrease analysis time, but RPLC resolution will suffer. However, because it is a 2D system, some of the resolution lost in the RPLC can be regained in the second dimension CZE analysis. Here, the RPLC gradient was done over only 2 min, but CZE analyses done every 2.5 s restore some of the resolution lost in the rapid RPLC gradient.",
"corpus_id": 6716082,
"score": -1,
"title": "Rapid comprehensive two-dimensional separations of peptides via RPLC-optically gated capillary zone electrophoresis."
} |
{
"abstract": "Abstract Santa Cruz de la Sierra, Bolivia has in the past half century transformed from an isolated frontier town to the center of the country’s agro-industrial production zone. By the 1990s, Santa Cruz (as the city is often abbreviated) had largely overtaken La Paz as Bolivia’s financial capital and most important economic pole, and its political influence is growing. Regional economic growth in eastern Bolivia has attracted—and resulted from—labor migration from poorer Andean regions over the past four decades. Santa Cruz is also the flashpoint of a regionalist movement, expressed in claims for ‘departmental autonomy’ as a means for regional governments to play a greater role in public decision-making, a campaign supported by the recent intensification of place-based identity politics. This profile examines the history and dynamics of planned and unplanned urban growth in Santa Cruz. I examine modernist planning initiatives in the 1960s and early 1970s and suggest these efforts overlooked the needs created by large-scale migration and rapid urban growth since the 1980s. Against this background, I consider recent patterns of spatial segregation, social inequality, intercultural tensions and conflicts over public space.",
"corpus_id": 153378577,
"title": "City profile: Santa Cruz de la Sierra"
} | {
"abstract": "This paper attempts to compare two major African cities in terms of the development and breakdown of racial segregation. There is a deliberate attempt to understand Durban through a comparative look at Abidjan, a port city of roughly equivalent size. The chief features of Durban's historical development are reviewed before the article turns to an equivalent examination of Abidjan's history. Abidjan, like Durban, was subjected to colonial policies that emphasised racial segregation in a way that blended with international ideas about the modern city. The actual process that unfolded historically was, however, in some significant respects different and the moulding of segregation less successful. After independence, a conception of functional (but not racial) segregation was dominant in Abidjan but it broke down due to economic and social forces from the 1970s. As a result, Abidjan became a less segregated city, with lessons perhaps for its richer South African counterpart. However, current trends suggest elements of convergence in urban society.",
"corpus_id": 37285422,
"title": "Contrasts in Urban Segregation: A Tale of Two African Cities, Durban (South Africa) and Abidjan (Côte d'Ivoire)"
} | {
"abstract": "El Plan de Ordenamiento Territorial es un instrumento de diseno fisico el cual fue establecido y promulgado en la Ley 388 de 1997 y que se considera complemento de la planificacion economica, ambiental y social del municipio, ademas de buscar el aprovechamiento de las ventajas y el manejo de las restricciones mediante un proceso de concertacion de intereses entre sus actores sociales. En el se fijan objetivos y estrategias, se trazan politicas y definen acciones para regular la intervencion en el territorio a corto, mediano y largo plazo.",
"corpus_id": 126997689,
"score": 2,
"title": "PLANES DE ORDENAMIENTO TERRITORIAL"
} |
{
"abstract": "The antioxidant effect of selenium-containing single-chain Fv catalytic antibody (Se-scFv2F3), a new mimic of glutathione peroxidase, was confirmed using a model system in which cultured rat skin epidermal cells were injured by ultraviolet B (UVB). The cell damage was characterized in terms of lipid peroxidation of the cells, cell viability, and cell membrane integrity. The injury effects of UVB and protection effects of Se-scFv2F3 on the cells were studied using the model system. UVB can damage the cells severely. Upon precultivation of the cells with 0.4U/ml Se-scFv2F3, however, the damage was significantly reduced as shown by the increase in cell viability, the decrease in the malondialdehyde and hydrogen peroxide levels, and the normalization of lactate dehydrogenase activity. In addition, a novel finding that Se-scFv2F3 can stimulate cultured epidermal cells to proliferate under certain conditions was observed.",
"corpus_id": 2273329,
"title": "Protection of epidermal cells against UVB injury by the antioxidant selenium-containing single-chain Fv catalytic antibody."
} | {
"abstract": "To characterize oxidative stress in phospholipids of normal human epidermal keratinocytes we metabolically labeled their membrane phospholipids with a natural oxidation-sensitive fluorescent fatty acid, cis-parinaric acid, and exposed the cells to two different sources of oxidants—a lipid-soluble azo-initiator of peroxyl radicals, 2,2'-azobis(2,4-dimethyl-valeronitrile), AMVN, and a superoxide generator, xanthine oxidase/xanthine. We demonstrated that both oxidants induced pronounced oxidation of four major classes of cis-parinaric acid-labeled phospholipids—phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylserine, and phosphatidylinositol—in normal human epidermal keratinocytes that was not detectable as any significant change of their phospholipid composition. Vitamin E was effective in protecting the cells against phospholipid peroxidation. Since viability of normal human epidermal keratinocytes was not changed either by labeling or exposure to oxidants the labeling protocol and oxidative stress employed are compatible with the quantitative analysis of phospholipid peroxidation in viable cells.",
"corpus_id": 11112159,
"title": "Quantitative Analysis of Phospholipid Peroxidation and Antioxidant Protection in Live Human Epidermal Keratinocytes"
} | {
"abstract": "A variety of marine mammal species have been shown to conserve energy by using negative buoyancy to power prolonged descent glides during dives. A new non–invasive tag attached to North Atlantic right whales recorded swim stroke from changes in pitch angle derived from a three-axis accelerometer. These results show that right whales are positively buoyant near the surface, a finding that has significant implications for both energetics and management. Some of the most powerful fluke strokes observed in tagged right whales occur as they counteract this buoyancy as they start a dive. By contrast, right whales use positive buoyancy to power glides during ascent. Right whales appear to use their positive buoyancy for more efficient swimming and diving. However, this buoyancy may pose added risks of vessel collision. Such collisions are the primary source of anthropogenic mortality for North Atlantic right whales, whose population is critically endangered and declining. Buoyancy may impede diving responses to oncoming vessels and right whales may have a reduced ability to manoeuvre during free ascents. These risk factors can inform efforts to avoid collisions.",
"corpus_id": 691420,
"score": 0,
"title": "Buoyant balaenids: the ups and downs of buoyancy in right whales"
} |
{
"abstract": "We propose a novel non-linear registration strategy which seeks an optimal deformation that maps corresponding boundaries of similar orientation. Our approach relies on a local similarity metric based on gradient orientation alignment and distance to the nearest inferred boundary and is evaluated on a reduced set of locations corresponding to inferred boundaries. The deformation model is characterized as the integration of a time-constant velocity field and optimization is performed in coarse to fine multi-level strategy with a gradient ascent technique. Our approach is computational efficient since it relies on a sparse selection of voxels corresponding to detected boundaries, yielding robust and accurate results with reduced processing times. We demonstrate quantitative results in the context of the non-linear registration of inter-patient magnetic resonance brain volumes obtained from a public dataset (CUMC12). Our proposed approach achieves a similar level of accuracy as other state-of-the-art methods but with processing times as short as 1.5 minutes. We also demonstrate preliminary qualitative results in the time-sensitive registration contexts of registering MR brain volumes to intra-operative ultrasound for improved guidance in neurosurgery.",
"corpus_id": 129455,
"title": "SymBA: Diffeomorphic Registration Based on Gradient Orientation Alignment and Boundary Proximity of Sparsely Selected Voxels"
} | {
"abstract": "Segmentation of the human cerebral cortex from MRI has been subject of much attention during the last decade. Methods based on active surfaces for representing and extracting the cortical boundaries have shown promising results. We present an active surface method, that extracts the inner and outer cortical boundaries using a combination of different vector fields and a local weighting method based on the intrinsic properties of the deforming surface. Our active surface model deforms polygonal meshes to fit the boundaries of the cerebral cortex using a force balancing scheme. As a result of the local weighting strategy and a self-intersection constraint, the method is capable of modelling tight sulci where the image edge is missing or obscured. The performance of the method is evaluated using both real and simulated MRI data.",
"corpus_id": 20309472,
"title": "Active Surface Approach for Extraction of the Human Cerebral Cortex from MRI"
} | {
"abstract": "Community based forest management (CBFM) has been implemented in Africa since the 1980s. Three main objectives, which are currently part of the sustainable development goals (SDGs), underlie the formation of CBFM. They are (1) enhancing community engagement in forest management, (2) reducing rural poverty, and (3) promoting forest resources conservation. We examine CBFM frameworks in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) and CBFM schemes’ contribution to selected sustainable development goals relevant to the forestry sector. Five SSA countries, Ethiopia, Kenya, Cameroon, Uganda, and Tanzania were chosen for the study because of their long-term engagement in CBFM. The analysis was based on desk review of literature from Web of Science!, Scopus, and Google Scholar!, and interviews with individuals representing institutions leading CBFM implementation in the countries selected. We found countries were strong in devising policy and legal provisions and articulating formalities for establishing CBFM. Major weaknesses were observed in monitoring CBFM performance, benefit sharing, and product management. The analysis of CBFM schemes’ contribution to SDGs was largely positive, though with several cases of no considerable impact and few reports of negative impacts. The contributions of CBFM schemes to SDGs was constrained by weaknesses in the CBFM frameworks. Enhancing CBFM schemes contribution to SDGs requires addressing the major weaknesses observed in the CBFM frameworks.",
"corpus_id": 53342251,
"score": 0,
"title": "Community forestry frameworks in sub-Saharan Africa and the impact on sustainable development"
} |
{
"abstract": "Abstract In vitro pure moment spine tests are commonly used to analyse surgical implants in cadaveric models. Most of the tests are performed at room temperature. However, some new dynamic instrumentation devices and soft tissues show temperature-dependent material properties. Therefore, the aim of this study is to develop a new test rig, which allows applying pure moments on lumbar spine specimens in a vapour-filled chamber at body temperature. As no direct sight is given in the vapour-filled closed chamber, a magnetic tracking (MT) system with implantable receivers was used. Four human cadaveric lumbar spines (L2–L5) were tested in a vapour atmosphere at body temperature with a native and rigid instrumented group. In conclusion, the experimental set-up allows vertebral motion tracking of multiple functional spinal units (FSUs) in a moisture environment at body temperature.",
"corpus_id": 572643,
"title": "A new in vitro spine test rig to track multiple vertebral motions under physiological conditions"
} | {
"abstract": "There is a paucity of studies on new vertebral body tethering (VBT) surgical constructs especially regarding their potentially motion-preserving ability. This study analyses their effects on the ROM of the spine. Human spines (T10-L3) were tested under pure moment in four different conditions: (1) native, (2) instrumented with one tether continuously connected in all vertebrae from T10 to L3, (3) additional instrumented with a second tether continuously connected in all vertebrae from T11 to L3, and (4) instrumented with one tether and one titanium rod (hybrid) attached to T12, L1 and L2. The instrumentation was inserted in the left lateral side. The intersegmental ROM was evaluated using a magnetic tracking system, and the medians were analysed. Please check and confirm the author names and initials are correct. Also, kindly confirm the details in the metadata are correct. The mentioned information is correct Compared to the native spine, the instrumented spine presented a reduction of less than 13% in global ROM considering flexion–extension and axial rotation. For left lateral bending, the median global ROM of the native spine (100%) significantly reduced to 74.6%, 66.4%, and 68.1% after testing one tether, two tethers and the hybrid construction, respectively. In these cases, the L1-L2 ROM was reduced to 68.3%, 58.5%, and 38.3%, respectively. In right lateral bending, the normalized global ROM of the spine with one tether, two tethers and the hybrid construction was 58.9%, 54.0%, and 56.6%, respectively. Considering the same order, the normalized L1-L2 ROM was 64.3%, 49.9%, and 35.3%, respectively. The investigated VBT techniques preserved global ROM of the spine in flexion–extension and axial rotation while reduced the ROM in lateral bending.",
"corpus_id": 240157500,
"title": "Motion preservation surgery for scoliosis with a vertebral body tethering system: a biomechanical study"
} | {
"abstract": "Individuals with physical, intellectual, and developmental disabilities reproductively mature at the same rate as the general population. However, they often lag far behind their peers in access to education about the emotional, social, and medical challenges that accompany the physical changes of the emerging adult. By the time a young adult with a disability or chronic condition reaches an internist, preventative reproductive health has largely been rationalized as not necessary or simply forgotten. Access to education and reproductive health services is essential for the development of a sense of self; establishing fulfilling physical and emotional relationships; and protection from abuse and poor outcomes that can be anticipated and prevented. The approach to a patient’s sexuality and reproductive health needs varies across disabilities and chronic conditions and may require the support of physicians in other specialties. Understanding that each patient is a sexual being who requires attention to his or her sexuality and reproductive health needs will optimize the mental health, safety, and general health outcomes across the spectrum of physical, intellectual, and developmental disabilities.",
"corpus_id": 151796790,
"score": 1,
"title": "Sexual and Reproductive Health"
} |
{
"abstract": "Matching corresponding location between prone and supine acquisitions for CT colonography (CTC) is essential to verify the existence of a polyp, which can be a difficult task due to the considerable deformations that will often occur to the colon during repositioning of the patient. This can induce error and increase interpretation time. We propose a novel method to automatically establish correspondence between the two acquisitions. A first step segments a set of haustral folds in each view and determines correspondence via a labelling process using a Markov Random Field (MRF) model. We show how the landmark correspondences can be used to non-rigidly transform a 2D source image derived from a conformal mapping process on the 3D endoluminal surface mesh to achieve full surface correspondence between prone and supine views. This can be used to initialise an intensity-based non-rigid B-spline registration method which further increases the accuracy. We demonstrate a statistically significant improvement over the intensity based non-rigid B-spline registration by using the composite method. © 2012 Springer-Verlag.",
"corpus_id": 450199,
"title": "Prone to Supine CT Colonography Registration Using a Landmark and Intensity Composite Method"
} | {
"abstract": "Robust registration between prone and supine data acquisitions for CT colonography CTC is a useful tool for assessing clinically significant changes but a challenging problem. This is especially the case for polyp follow-up when scans are temporally separated. We investigated the ability of automatic registration to align CTC cases, acquired several months apart. 26 initial and follow-up cases were investigated and registration measured using the locations of 35 polyps in all available scans. Robust non-rigid feature-based initialization allowed registration of prone and supine CTC scans from patient cases not only acquired on the same day but also when acquired several months apart. A mean registration error of 17.4 std. dev. 12.1 mm median 14.9 mm, range 1.7 to 49.7 mm was achieved when transforming polyp locations between longitudinal scans. The level of accuracy achieved was similar to previous studies that aligned CTC images acquired at the same sitting. Automatic registration of follow-up CTC investigations could be a useful adjunct for radiologists interpreting CTC for surveillance of colonic polyps.",
"corpus_id": 45899925,
"title": "Registration of Temporally Separated CT Colonography Cases"
} | {
"abstract": "Addition of nitrogen sources as supplementary nutrient into MSM medium to enhance biodegradation by stimulating the growth four isolates, Acinetobacter faecalis, Staphylococcus sp., Pseudomonas putida and Neisseria elongata isolated from petroleum contaminated groundwater, wastewater aeration pond and biopond at the oil refinery Terengganu Malaysia was investigated. The organic nitrogen sources tested not only supported growth but also enhances biodegradation of 1% Tapis crude oil. All four isolates showed good growth especially when peptone was employed as the organic nitrogen compared to growth in the basal medium. Gas chromatography showed that more then 91, 93, 94 and 95% degradation of total hydrocarbon was observed after 5 days of incubation by isolates Pseudomonas putida, Neisseria elongate, Acinetobacter faecalis and Staphylococcus sp., respectively.",
"corpus_id": 24983310,
"score": 0,
"title": "Enhancement of biodegradation of crude petroleum-oil in contaminated water by the addition of nitrogen sources."
} |
{
"abstract": "Response to pharmacological treatments is moderated by both genetic and environmental factors. The contribution of such factors is relatively small and complex interactions are likely to be involved. Serotonin transporter gene (SLC6A4) is a major candidate gene associated to response to antidepressant treatment. Moreover, the 5-HTTLPR polymorphism has been associated with anxiety-related traits such as neuroticism and harm avoidance (HA), which are known to influence the risk to develop mood disorders and response to treatments. In the present study we aimed to investigate the interaction between 3 SLC6A4 variants and HA on medium term antidepressant response in a sample of depressed bipolar-spectrum patients followed for 12 months. Contrary to expectations, SLC6A4 variants did significantly influence neither the course of depressive symptoms nor HA scores. However, a significant interaction was observed between HA and 5-HTTLPR genotype. Indeed, a high HA impaired outcome in patients carrying the L(G)/S or the S/S genotype more than in L(A)/L(A) patients. Though a number of limitations characterize the present study, our results indicate HA as a potential moderator of the effect of 5-HTTLPR on the outcome of depression. Given that many factors may influence response to pharmacological treatments, studies that consider personality and other individual characteristics are warranted also in pharmacogenetic investigations.",
"corpus_id": 517849,
"title": "Harm avoidance moderates the influence of serotonin transporter gene variants on treatment outcome in bipolar patients."
} | {
"abstract": "While antidepressants are widely used to treat mood and anxiety disorders, only half of the patients will respond to antidepressant treatment and only one-third of patients experience a full remission of symptoms. The identification of genetic biomarkers that predict antidepressant-treatment response can improve current clinical practice. This is an emerging field known as pharmacogenetics, which comprises of genetic studies on both the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of treatment response. Recent studies on antidepressant-treatment response have focused on both aspects of pharmacogenetics research, identifying new candidate genes that may predict better treatment response for patients. This paper reviews recent findings on the pharmacogenetics of antidepressant drugs and future clinical applications. Ultimately, these studies should lead to the use of genetic testing to guide the use of antidepressants in clinical practice.",
"corpus_id": 4947749,
"title": "Pharmacogenetics of antidepressant drugs: current clinical practice and future directions."
} | {
"abstract": "This paper discusses development of resources using linguistics and signal processing aspects for two low resource Indian languages, viz., Gujarati and Marathi. Speech resource development discusses the details of data collection, transcription at phone and syllable level and corresponding linguistic units such as phones and syllables. In order to analyze the performance at different fluency levels, three types of recording modes, viz., read, conversation and lecture are considered in this paper. Manual annotation of speech in terms of International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) symbols is presented. In the later section, we discuss speech segmentation at syllable level and prosodic level marking (pitch marking). Short-term Energy contour is smoothened using group-delay-based algorithm in order to detect syllable units in the speech signal. Detection rate obtained for syllable marking within 20 % agreement duration is of the order of 60 % in case of read mode speech. Prosody pitch marks are analyzed via Fo pattern of a speech signal. The key strength of this study is the analysis for different kinds of recording modes, viz., read, conversation and lecture mode. It is found that CV (where, Consonant is followed by Vowel) type of syllables have highest occurrence (more than 50 %) in both the languages. Read speech is observed to perform better than spontaneous speech in terms of automatic prosodic marking.",
"corpus_id": 16741475,
"score": 0,
"title": "Development of language resources for speech application in Gujarati and Marathi"
} |
{
"abstract": "OBJECTIVE\nThis study examined differences in health and access to dental services among a nationally representative sample of patients with HIV using Andersen's Behavioral Model of Health Services Use.\n\n\nMETHODS\nThis investigation is a longitudinal study that used structural equation modeling to analyze data from the HIV Cost and Services Utilization Study, a probability sample of 2,864 adults under treatment for HIV infection. Key predisposing variables included sex, drug use, race/ethnicity, education, and age. Enabling factors included income, insurance, and regular source of care. Need factors included mental, physical, and oral health. Dependent variables included whether a respondent utilized dental services and number of visits.\n\n\nRESULTS\nMore education, dental insurance, usual source of dental care, and poor oral health predicted a higher probability of having a dental visit. African Americans, Hispanics, those exposed to HIV through drug use or heterosexual contact, and those in poor physical health were less likely to have a dental visit. Of those who visited dental professionals, older persons, those with dental insurance, and those in worse oral health had more visits. African Americans and persons in poor mental health had fewer visits.\n\n\nCONCLUSIONS\nPersons with more HIV-related symptoms and a diagnosis of AIDS have a greater need for dental care than those with fewer symptoms and without AIDS, but more pressing needs for physical and mental health services limit their access to dental services. Providers should better attend to the oral health needs of persons with HIV who are in poor physical and mental health.",
"corpus_id": 2596331,
"title": "The impact of HIV on oral health and subsequent use of dental services."
} | {
"abstract": "OBJECTIVES\nThis study examined factors associated with preventive dental care-seeking behavior among HIV-positive adults who participated in a federally funded demonstration project to expand access to oral health care.\n\n\nMETHODS\nTwo thousand one hundred eighty-seven adults living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in the United States were enrolled in free dental care and were interviewed about their reasons for seeking care, their oral health, and overall health status. Multivariate analysis using Generalized Estimating Equations to control for clustering by site was conducted to identify factors associated with preventive care-seeking behavior.\n\n\nRESULTS\nForty-one percent of participants reported the only reason they sought dental care was for preventive care, to receive a checkup or cleaning. Factors associated with preventive care-seeking behavior in multivariate analysis included no unmet need for dental care since testing HIV positive, no dental insurance, taking HIV medications and better overall oral health.\n\n\nCONCLUSIONS\nMany HIV-positive adults may seek preventive care when it is offered at no cost. Interventions that address unmet needs and target individuals who are not taking HIV medications or have poorer oral health may improve preventive practices.",
"corpus_id": 10305463,
"title": "Factors associated with preventive dental care-seeking behavior among people living with HIV."
} | {
"abstract": "There is accumulating evidence that human T-lymphotropic virus-1 (HTLV-1) infection contributes to the development of various inflammatory disorders. To elucidate the relation between the infection and Sjögren's syndrome, seroepidemiological and virological studies were conducted on patients with this syndrome in Nagasaki Prefecture, Japan, an area heavily endemic for HTLV-1. The HTLV-1 seroprevalence rate among the patients with Sjögren's syndrome (17/74, 23%) was significantly higher than that among blood donors (916/27,284, 3%), whereas the difference between patients with systemic lupus erythematosus and blood donors was insignificant. Moreover, among Sjögren's syndrome patients the seroprevalence was high irrespective of age, unlike that among blood donors, which rose with age. Titres of serum antibodies in the HTLV-1 seropositive patients with Sjögren's syndrome were similar to those among patients with HTLV-1-associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis (HAM/TSP) and significantly higher than those among healthy carriers. IgM class antibodies were commonly detected in the serum of patients with Sjögren's syndrome. However, unlike that in HAM/TSP patients, the viral load in peripheral-blood mononuclear cells was not necessarily high in the seropositive Sjögren syndrome group. Salivary IgA antibodies to HTLV-1 were common among seropositive patients with Sjögren's syndrome (5/7), which might be due to increased viral activity in the salivary glands. These antibodies were barely detectable in HAM/TSP patients (prevalence 1/10) or in healthy carriers (0/11). The findings strongly suggest that HTLV-1 is involved in the pathogenesis of the disease in a subset of patients with Sjögren's syndrome in endemic areas.",
"corpus_id": 13089173,
"score": 2,
"title": "Prevalence of serum and salivary antibodies to HTLV-1 in Sjögren's syndrome"
} |
{
"abstract": "This paper rests on the idea that there are multiple equilibriums in financial deve lopment, and provides illustration of this thesis on the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region. After many years of financial repression, MENA countries have star ted liberalizing their financial sectors in the 1990s. Progresses obtained have been minimal. A critical mass of change was needed to escape the financial underdeve lopment equilibrium where they had been trapped by financial repression. This paper identifies directions in which reforms and policy initiatives would be necessary: de controlling banking sectors, strengthening their regulations, and improving financial infrastructure and the legal framework. Keys words: multiple equilibriums, financial sector, growth, Middle East and North Africa JEL classification: 0160",
"corpus_id": 153098852,
"title": "Have Middle East and North Africa Countries Achieved a Critical Mass of Change in Their Financial Systems"
} | {
"abstract": "The authors present estimates of six dimensions of governance covering 199 countries and territories for four time periods: 1996, 1998, 2000, and 2002. These indicators are based on several hundred individual variables measuring perceptions of governance, drawn from 25 separate data sources constructed by 18 different organizations. The authors assign these individual measures of governance to categories capturing key dimensions of governance and use an unobserved components model to construct six aggregate governance indicators in each of the four periods. They present the point estimates of the dimensions of governance as well as the margins of errors for each country for the four periods. The governance indicators reported here are an update and expansion of previous research work on indicators initiated in 1998 (Kaufmann, Kraay, and Zoido-Lobat 1999a,b and 2002). The authors also address various methodological issues, including the interpretation and use of the data given the estimated margins of errors.",
"corpus_id": 154046033,
"title": "Government Matters III : Governance Indicators for 1996-2002"
} | {
"abstract": "Book Overview.- I Methodology and Analysis of Facility Location.- 1 Estimating Distances.- 1.1 Introduction.- 1.2 Norms as Distance Estimating Functions.- 1.3 The ?p Norm.- 1.4 Conclusions.- 2 Replacing Discrete Demand with Continuous Demand.- 2.1 Introduction.- 2.2 Formulation and Analysis.- 2.3 Evaluating a Double Integral.- 2.4 Analysis of the Example Problem.- 2.5 The Distance Correction Approach.- 2.6 Conclusions.- 3 Global Optimization in Location.- 3.1 Introduction.- 3.2 Branch-and-bound Methods.- 3.3 Lipschitz Optimization.- 3.4 Outer Approximation.- 3.5 Polyhedral Annexation.- 3.6 Decomposition Methods.- 3.7 Linearization Methods.- 3.8 Specialized Methods.- 3.9 Conclusions.- 4 Inferred Ideal Weights for Multiple Facilities.- 4.1 Introduction.- 4.2 Information Minimizing Model.- 4.3 Extensions to Multiple Facilities.- 4.4 Conclusions.- 5 Conjugate Duality in Facility Location.- 5.1 Introduction.- 5.2 Conjugate Duality Theory.- 5.3 The Minisum Model.- 5.4 The Minimax Model.- 6 Using Voronoi Diagrams.- 6.1 Introduction.- 6.2 The Voronoi Diagram.- 6.3 The Continuous p-median Problem.- 6.4 Continuous p-center Problems.- 6.5 The Time-Space p-Median Problem.- 6.6 Mobile Facility Location Problem (Constrained p-median).- 6.7 Other Continuous Location Problems.- 6.8 Conclusions.- II Various Objectives in Facility Location.- 7 Location with Market Externalities.- 7.1 Introduction.- 7.2 Notation and Assumptions.- 7.3 Analysis of User-Choice Equilibrium.- 7.4 Facility Location with Market Externalities.- 7.5 Resource Allocation with Market Externalities.- 7.6 Future Research and Conclusions.- 8 Objectives in Location Problems.- 8.1 Introduction.- 8.2 Elements of Location Models.- 8.3 Pull Objectives.- 8.4 Push Objectives.- 8.5 Balancing Objectives.- 8.6 Conclusions.- 8.7 Glossary.- 9 Distribution System Design.- 9.1 Introduction.- 9.2 A Case Study.- 9.3 Diagnostic Tools.- 9.4 Algebraic Language Tools.- 9.5 Conclusions.- 9.6 Annotated Bibliography.- 10 Siting Emergency Services.- 10.1 Introduction - What are the Important Issues?.- 10.2 Methods Based on Deterministic Optimization Models.- 10.3 Deterministic Models Addressing Congestion.- 10.4 Methods Based on Probabilistic Optimization Models.- 10.5 Descriptive Models and Heuristic Solution Procedures.- 10.6 Conclusions.- 11 Continuous Location Problems.- 11.1 Continuous Location.- 11.2 Distance.- 11.3 Dominance, Efficiency and Voting.- 11.4 Single Facility Location Problems.- 11.5 Single Facility Location-Allocation Problems.- 11.6 Multifacility Location Problems.- 11.7 Multifacility Location-Allocation Problems.- 11.8 Other Related Problems.- 12 Global Manufacturing Strategy.- 12.1 Introduction.- 12.2 Global Manufacturing Strategy Planning Process.- 12.3 The Production-Distribution System Design Problem.- 12.4 Designing International Production-Distribution Systems.- 12.5 Concluding Comments.- III Competitive Facility Location.- 13 Competitive Facility Location in the Plane.- 13.1 Introduction.- 13.2 The Deterministic Utility Model.- 13.3 The Random Utility Model.- 13.4 Gravity Models.- 13.5 Computational Results.- 13.6 Conclusions.- 14 Multifacility Retail Networks.- 14.1 Introduction.- 14.2 Location-Allocation Models.- 14.3 The Components of Retail Location-Allocation Models.- 14.4 Five Types of Location-Allocation Models.- 14.5 Applying Covering Models for Service Center Location.- 14.6 Extension to Basic Models.- 14.7 Conclusions.- 15 Economic Models of Firm Location.- 15.1 Introduction.- 15.2 Spatial Pricing Policies.- 15.3 Finding the Optimal Price(s).- 15.4 The Price-Continuous Facility Location Problem.- 15.5 The Price-Discrete Facility Location Problem.- 15.6 Conclusions.- 16 Competitive Location in Discrete Space.- 16.1 Introduction.- 16.2 Discrete Competitive Location Models: An Overview.- 16.3 A Review of The Maximum Capture Problem.- 16.4 Extensions of the Maximum Capture Problem.- 16.5 Extensions of the Pre-emptive Capture Problem.- 16.6 Conclusions.- IV Routing and Location.- 17 Flow-Interception Problems.- 17.1 Introduction.- 17.2 Deterministic Flow Interception Problems.- 17.3 Probabilistic Flow Interception Problems.- 17.4 Future Research.- 18 Location-Routing Problems with Uncertainty.- 18.1 Introduction.- 18.2 The Traveling Salesman Location Problem.- 18.3 The Probabilistic Traveling Salesman Location Problem.- 18.4 Applications to Systems Design and Strategic Planning.- 18.5 A Different Class of Stochastic Facility Location Problems.- 19 Location, Routing and the Environment.- 19.1 Introduction.- 19.2 The Mechanism of Airborne Pollution Spread.- 19.3 Relevant Features of Bicriterion Problems.- 19.4 Location of Obnoxious Facilities.- 19.5 Routing of Obnoxious Vehicles.- 19.6 Future Directions.- 20 Hazardous Materials Logistics.- 20.1 Introduction.- 20.2 Risk Assessment.- 20.3 Equity.- 20.4 Cost Aspects.- 20.5 Planning Potentially Hazardous Facilities.- 20.6 Hazardous Materials Transport Planning.- 20.7 Integrated Models.- 20.8 Conclusions and Suggestions.- References.",
"corpus_id": 58209215,
"score": 1,
"title": "Facility Location: A Survey of Applications and Methods"
} |
{
"abstract": "The Northeastern region of India including Asom is one of the core area widely recognized as the centre of origin of rice germplasm. It is the largest region exceptionally rich in the rice genetic diversity. The physiographic and agroecological conditions vary in Asom very widely. The physical features, geographical isolation and historical realities have made the state an area of unique ethnic diversity. All the people of this state from the time immemorial have been using rice as staple food and some of the ethnic group use rice for preparation of alcoholic beverage. The present paper emphasized on ethnobotany and taxonomy of traditional rice varieties cultivated among the Tai Ahom of North Lakhimpur district of Asom for food security. Emphasis is also given on beverage processing techniques using rice varieties and other plant material used during preparation of rice beer commonly known as Sajpani (Tai) &, Laopani (Ass.) by the Ahom caste of Asom.",
"corpus_id": 1574178,
"title": "Ethnobotany of foods and beverages among the rural farmers of Tai Ahom of North Lakhimpur district, Asom"
} | {
"abstract": "Rice is the principal crop of northeastern region of India, where a considerable range of diversity exists. The germplasm collection has also unfold the occurrence of large number of rice landraces in the region. Between 1985 and 2002, a total 2639 accessions of rice germplasms including their wild relatives have been collected. Most of these germplasm material have been conserved in the National Gene Bank, New Delhi following their necessary characterization and evaluation. With the establishment of the Regional Gene Bank Module with medium-term storage facilities (6–7°C with 40–45% relative humidity) at Barapani, Meghalaya, the rice germplasm conservation (ex situ) have been initiated in the region.",
"corpus_id": 35066083,
"title": "Rice Diversity Collection, Conservation and Management in Northeastern India"
} | {
"abstract": "Client violence perpetrated against social workers has increased during the past decade as violence in society and the media has increased, social service resources decreased, and clients have become increasingly powerless. A survey of 175 licensed social workers and 98 agency directors in a western state showed that 25% of social workers had been assaulted fry a client, nearly 50% had witnessed violence in an agency, and more than 75% were fearful of workplace violence. The author summarizes the skills that social workers and agency directors need to prevent and cope with client violence. These skills range from self-awareness and client assessment to debriefing and support of the traumatized worker.",
"corpus_id": 143477555,
"score": 0,
"title": "What Social Workers Need to Know about Client Violence"
} |
{
"abstract": "In this paper, we identify that the different regimes encountered in a vertical capillary filling or a capillary-rise problem are determined entirely by two dimensionless parameters: Ohnesorge number (Oh) and Bond number (Bo). The initial universal inertial regime, which has been analyzed in our recent paper [Das et al., Phys. Rev. E 86, 067301 (2012)], is followed by any one of three possible regimes, dictated by the ratio Oh/Bo. For Oh/Bo>>1, the viscous effects dominate the gravitational effects, and one encounters the classical Washburn regime. For the other limit, i.e., Oh/Bo<<1, the viscous effects are insignificant and there is no Washburn regime. On the contrary, the inertial regime transits to the oscillatory regime with the filling length ℓ oscillating about the Jurin height (~1/Bo), which is the maximum height attained by a liquid column in vertical capillary filling, with the viscous effects (~Oh) dictating the nature of the oscillations. For Oh/Bo~1, we get a behavior intermediate of these two extreme regimes. Finally, we identify the correct force picture that drives the oscillatory regime and in the process achieve quantitative match with the experimental results, that was precluded in the previous studies.",
"corpus_id": 3213895,
"title": "Different regimes in vertical capillary filling."
} | {
"abstract": "We provide an analytical model to describe the filling dynamics of horizontal cylindrical capillaries having charged walls. The presence of surface charge leads to two distinct effects: It leads to a retarding electrical force on the liquid column and also causes a reduced viscous drag force because of decreased velocity gradients at the wall. Both these effects essentially stem from the spontaneous formation of an electric double layer (EDL) and the resulting streaming potential caused by the net capillary-flow-driven advection of ionic species within the EDL. Our results demonstrate that filling of charged capillaries also exhibits the well-known linear and Washburn regimes witnessed for uncharged capillaries, although the filling rate is always lower than that of the uncharged capillary. We attribute this to a competitive success of the lowering of the driving forces (because of electroviscous effects), in comparison to the effect of weaker drag forces. We further reveal that the time at which the transition between the linear and the Washburn regime occurs may become significantly altered with the introduction of surface charges, thereby altering the resultant capillary dynamics in a rather intricate manner.",
"corpus_id": 24978003,
"title": "Filling of charged cylindrical capillaries."
} | {
"abstract": "The neutrino-nucleus reaction cross sections of 4He and 12C are evaluated using new shell model Hamiltonians. Branching ratios of various decay channels are calculated to evaluate the yields of Li, Be, and B produced through the ν-process in supernova explosions. The new cross sections enhance the yields of 7Li and 11B produced during the supernova explosion of a 16.2 M☉ star model compared to the case using the conventional cross sections by about 10%. On the other hand, the yield of 10B decreases by a factor of 2. The yields of 6Li,9Be, and the radioactive nucleus 10Be are found at a level of ~10−11 M☉. The temperature of νμ ,τ- and -neutrinos inferred from the supernova contribution of 11B in Galactic chemical evolution models is constrained to the 4.3-6.5 MeV range. The increase in the 7Li and 11B yields due to neutrino oscillations is demonstrated with the new cross sections.",
"corpus_id": 15590606,
"score": 1,
"title": "Neutrino-Nucleus Reaction Cross Sections for Light Element Synthesis in Supernova Explosions"
} |
{
"abstract": "Recent graph-theoretic approaches have demonstrated remarkable successes for ranking networked entities, but most of their applications are limited to homogeneous networks such as the network of citations between publications. This paper proposes a novel method for co-ranking authors and their publications using several networks: the social network connecting the authors, the citation network connecting the publications, as well as the authorship network that ties the previous two together. The new co-ranking framework is based on coupling two random walks, that separately rank authors and documents following the PageRankparadigm. As a result, improved rankings of documents and their authors depend on each other in a mutually reinforcing way, thus taking advantage of the additional information implicit in the heterogeneous network of authors and documents.",
"corpus_id": 1093370,
"title": "Co-ranking Authors and Documents in a Heterogeneous Network"
} | {
"abstract": "It is important to help researchers find valuable scientific papers from a large literature collection containing information of authors, papers and venues. Graph-based algorithms have been proposed to rank papers based on networks formed by citation and co-author relationships. This paper proposes a new graph-based ranking framework MutualRank that integrates mutual reinforcement relationships among networks of papers, researchers and venues to achieve a more synthetic, accurate and fair ranking result than previous graph-based methods. MutualRank leverages the network structure information among papers, authors, and their venues available from a literature collection dataset and sets up a unified mutual reinforcement model that involves both intra- and inter-network information for ranking papers, authors and venues simultaneously. To evaluate, we collect a set of recommended papers from websites of graduate-level computational linguistics courses of 15 top universities as the benchmark and apply different methods to estimate paper importance. The results show that MutualRank greatly outperforms the competitors including Pag-eRank, HITS and CoRank in ranking papers as well as researchers. The experimental results also demonstrate that venues ranked by MutualRank are reasonable.",
"corpus_id": 17512212,
"title": "Towards an effective and unbiased ranking of scientific literature through mutual reinforcement"
} | {
"abstract": "In this study, we examine an important factor that affects consumers' acceptance of business-to-commerce (B2C) electronic commerce - perceived risk. The objective of this paper is to examine the definition of perceived risk in the context of B2C electronic commerce. The paper highlights the importance of perceived risk and the interwoven relation between perceived risk and trust. It discusses the problem of defining perceived risk in prior B2C research. This study proposes a new classification of consumers' perceived risk based on sources. It highlights the importance of identifying the sources of consumer's risk perceptions in addition to the consequences dimensions. Two focus group discussion sessions were conducted to verify the proposed classification. Results indicate that Internet consumers perceive three sources of risk in B2C electronic commerce: technology, vendor, and product. © 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.",
"corpus_id": 19480313,
"score": -1,
"title": "Consumers' perceived risk: Sources versus consequences"
} |
{
"abstract": "The glass-ceramic mainly containing fluorophlogopite is one of widely used dental ceramics. In the K2O-CaO-MgO-Al2O3-SiO2-F system, a new-type glass-ceramic containing fluorophlogopite Ca-mica has been synthesized. Its crystalline was studied by XRD and EDS. The fluorophlogopite whose formula postulated K1 − XCaX/2Mg3AlSi3O10F2 was its main crystalline. The microstructure of the glass-ceramic displayed typical machinable microstructure with lath like crystals isolated and interlocking with different aspect ratio. The material also showed better bending strength (228.11 ± 7.55 MPa). It took less than 12 minutes to fabricate a whole crown by dental CAD/CAM system with the glass-ceramic.",
"corpus_id": 19403460,
"title": "Study on machinable glass-ceramic containing fluorophlogopite for dental CAD/CAM system"
} | {
"abstract": "A series of five glass compositions were prepared by using the conventional melt quenching technique in the system SiO2–Al2O3–MgO–K2CO3–CaO–MgF2–La2O3 with different contents of SiO2, MgO, K2CO3, MgF2 and La2O3. The effects on the optical and physical properties of these glasses due to the addition of La2O3 as well as variation of the various oxides have been investigated. X-ray diffraction analysis is used to confirm the amorphous nature of the prepared glasses. Structures of glasses were studied by using UV–Vis and Fourier transforms infrared spectroscopy. The drilling test was also performed on their glass ceramic samples to confirm the machinability.",
"corpus_id": 99981561,
"title": "Synthesis and optical properties of SiO2–Al2O3–MgO–K2CO3–CaO–MgF2–La2O3 glasses"
} | {
"abstract": "ObjectivesTo evaluate the influence of hydraulic retention time (HRT) and cheese whey (CW) substrate concentration (15 and 25 g lactose l−1) on the performance of EGSB reactors (R15 and R25, respectively) for H2 production.ResultsA decrease in the HRT from 8 to 4 h favored the H2 yield and H2 production rate (HPR) in R15, with maximum values of 0.86 ± 0.11 mmol H2 g COD−1 and 0.23 ± 0.024 l H2 h−1 l−1, respectively. H2 production in R25 was also favored at a HRT of 4 h, with maximum yield and HPR values of 0.64 ± 0.023 mmol H2 g COD−1 and 0.31 ± 0.032 l H2 h−1 l−1, respectively. The main metabolites produced were butyric, acetic and lactic acids.ConclusionsThe EGSB reactor was evaluated as a viable acidogenic step in the two-stage anaerobic treatment of CW for the increase of COD removal efficiency and biomethane production.",
"corpus_id": 3527953,
"score": 0,
"title": "Improving EGSB reactor performance for simultaneous bioenergy and organic acid production from cheese whey via continuous biological H2 production"
} |
{
"abstract": "The aim of this study was to evaluate the safety and tolerability of 4 weeks administration of marimastat, and to seek evidence of biological activity as observed by changes in the endoscopic appearance of the gastric tumours. 35 patients with advanced, inoperable gastric or gastro-oesophageal tumours were recruited. The dose of marimastat was reduced from the starting dose of 50 mg twice daily (6 patients) to 25 mg once daily (29 patients). 31 completed the 28 day study period. Marimastat was generally well tolerated, with the principal treatment-related toxicity being pain and stiffness of the musculoskeletal system. These symptoms occurred more frequently at the higher-dose, and increased to involve a total of 13 patients (37%) with longer-term treatment. The events were usually rapidly reversible on drug discontinuation. 3 patients receiving prolonged treatment experienced more severe symptoms, with the development of skin thickening and contractures in the hands. At endoscopy, 10 patients showed an increased fibrotic cover of the tumour, 8 had decreased haemorrhagic appearance, and in at least 2 cases where comparative tumour histology was assessable, there was evidence of increased stromal fibrotic tissue.",
"corpus_id": 429968,
"title": "A pilot study of the safety and effects of the matrix metalloproteinase inhibitor marimastat in gastric cancer."
} | {
"abstract": "With further understanding of the biology of gastric and gastroesophageal adenocarcinomas, strides are being made to find effective treatments through novel trial designs. This article focuses on the ongoing trials of drugs targeting specific hallmarks of gastric and gastroesophageal cancers, including oncogene addiction proliferative pathways (fibroblast growth factor receptor 2 amplified tumors), stem cell inhibition, apoptotic induction through claudin inhibitors, and matrix metalloproteinase inhibition. In developing novel therapeutics in treatment of patients with gastroesophageal adenocarcinomas, parallel research efforts to refine target population and biomarkers are crucial, and targeting the tumor genomics and microenvironment may be key in improving overall survival.",
"corpus_id": 3822443,
"title": "Emerging Novel Therapeutic Agents in the Treatment of Patients with Gastroesophageal and Gastric Adenocarcinoma."
} | {
"abstract": "PURPOSE\nThe purpose of this study was to test and validate a model to predict living and brain death organ donation intention in nursing students. The conceptual model was based on the theory planned behavior.\n\n\nMETHODS\nQuota sampling methodology was used to recruit 921 nursing students from all over the country and data collection was done from October 1 to December 20, 2013.\n\n\nRESULTS\nThe model fit indices for the hypothetical model were suitable for the recommended level. Knowledge, attitude, subjective norm and perceived behavioral control explained 40.2% and 40.1% respectively for both living and brain death organ donation intention. Subjective norm was the most direct influential factor for organ donation intention. Knowledge had significant direct effect on attitude and indirect effect on subjective norm and perceived behavioral control. These effects were higher in brain death organ donation intention than in living donation intention.\n\n\nCONCLUSION\nThe overall findings of this study suggest the need to develop systematic education programs to increases knowledge about brain death organ donation. The development, application, and evaluation of intervention programs are required to improve subjective norm.",
"corpus_id": 25499691,
"score": 1,
"title": "[Structural Equation Modeling on Living and Brain Death Organ Donation Intention in Nursing Students]."
} |
{
"abstract": "Self-cutting on hidden parts of the body is a more serious form of the behavior than cutting of the arms, and it is associated with greater risk of mental health problems and suicide, according to a survey of adolescents. Methods: Study participants were community-dwelling Finnish youths, aged 13–18 years, surveyed in their high schools. Students were administered a questionnaire, devised for this study, about cutting and other self-injury. They also were asked about smoking, alcohol, and cannabis use; depressive symptoms (using the Beck Depression Inventory [BDI]); adaptive functioning and psychological problems (with the Youth Self-Report); and dissociative symptoms (using the Adolescent Dissociative Experience Scale). Results: Of the 4019 adolescents who completed the questionnaires, 440 (nearly 11%) reported cutting. The majority (89%) of the self-harming adolescents were girls. A total of 144 of the self-harming adolescents (33%) reported cutting parts of the body other than or in addition to the upper arms. The thighs, shins, and ankles each accounted for 10–15% of the \"other\" sites. Among girls who self-injured, 35% cut themselves on hidden sites, compared with 11% of boys. Self-cutting on other parts of the body was associated with higher scores on the 4-point BDI suicidal-thoughts item than cutting of the upper arms. Sixty-five percent of those who cut themselves on other sites reported having suicidal thoughts, compared with 42% of those who cut only their upper arms (p=0.006). Significantly more adolescents who cut hidden areas than those who cut only their arms reported making a suicide attempt (13% vs. 3.5%; p<0.001). Those who reported self-cutting had higher levels of most types of psychiatric symptoms than controls, and rates were highest in the adolescents who cut themselves on hidden sites. After adjustment for age, gender, demographic, and social factors, self-cutting at other locations was most strongly associated with withdrawn/depressive symptoms (odds ratio* [OR], 1.15); internalizing problems (OR, 1.05); somatic complaints (1.09); and dissociative symptoms (OR, 1.25). Mothers or others adults (e.g., teacher, school nurse) were aware of the cutting behavior significantly more",
"corpus_id": 2424616,
"title": "Folic Acid Supplementation and Autism"
} | {
"abstract": "OBJECTIVE\nNo empirical studies on the DSM-5 proposed disruptive mood dysregulation disorder have yet been published. This study estimated prevalence, comorbidity, and correlates of this proposed disorder in the community.\n\n\nMETHOD\nPrevalence rates were estimated using data from three community studies involving 7,881 observations of 3,258 participants from 2 to 17 years old. Disruptive mood dysregulation disorder was diagnosed using structured psychiatric interviews.\n\n\nRESULTS\nThree-month prevalence rates for meeting criteria for disruptive mood dysregulation disorder ranged from 0.8% to 3.3%, with the highest rate in preschoolers. Rates dropped slightly with the strict application of the exclusion criterion, but they were largely unaffected by the application of onset and duration criteria. Disruptive mood dysregulation co-occurred with all common psychiatric disorders. The highest levels of co-occurrence were with depressive disorders (odds ratios between 9.9 and 23.5) and oppositional defiant disorder (odds ratios between 52.9 and 103.0). Disruptive mood dysregulation occurred with another disorder 62%-92% of the time, and it occurred with both an emotional and a behavioral disorder 32%-68% of the time. Affected children displayed elevated rates of social impairments, school suspension, service use, and poverty.\n\n\nCONCLUSIONS\nDisruptive mood dysregulation disorder is relatively uncommon after early childhood, frequently co-occurs with other psychiatric disorders, and meets common standards for psychiatric \"caseness.\" This disorder identifies children with severe levels of both emotional and behavioral dysregulation.",
"corpus_id": 36077580,
"title": "Prevalence, comorbidity, and correlates of DSM-5 proposed disruptive mood dysregulation disorder."
} | {
"abstract": "The problems of narcolepsy are still matters of controversy. Gelineau, 1 in 1880, and Redlich 2 and Adie, 3 in 1926, thought that they were dealing with a disease entity, with a disease per se. Gelineau 1 made a significant statement when he published his famous case, starting his paper with the now historic and much quoted phrase: \"I propose to give the name of narcolepsy (somnolence and to seize) to a rare neurosis, or one little known up to the present time, characterized by an imperious desire to sleep, sudden and of short duration, reproducing itself at intervals more or less closely related.\" This name has been accepted by various workers, with the result that all kinds of clinical manifestations appeared under Gelineau's nomen morbi . In 1902, Lowenfeld 4 objected to the loose application of the term narcolepsy and insisted that the term should refer to cases characterized not",
"corpus_id": 145382892,
"score": 1,
"title": "THE NARCOLEPSIES: CRYPTOGENIC AND SYMPTOMATIC TYPES"
} |
{
"abstract": "This chapter introduces the framework and causal model of organizational culture, organizational climate, knowledge management, and job performance related to business process orientation. It argues that dimensions of organizational culture, organizational climate, and knowledge management have mediated positive effect on job performance. Knowledge management positively mediates the relationships between organizational culture and job performance and between organizational climate and job performance. Organizational culture is positively related to organizational climate. Furthermore, the author hopes that understanding the theoretical constructs of organizational culture, organizational climate, knowledge management, and job performance through the use of the framework and causal model will not only inform researchers of a better design for studying organizational culture, organizational climate, knowledge management, and job performance, but also assist in the understanding of intricate relationships between different factors.",
"corpus_id": 76548,
"title": "A Unified Framework of Organizational Perspectives and Knowledge Management and Their Impact on Job Performance"
} | {
"abstract": "Although knowledge management initiatives have become very popular as many organizations seek to improve their operations, there are several challenges which continue to impair their success. In many cases, coordination and collaboration issues impact communication and by extension result in poor outcomes often negatively impacting the overall success of the initiative. In order to address this, this paper discusses two comparative knowledge management initiatives and assesses the impact of using an adaptive workflow-management system to enhance communication and collaboration. The observations related to the impact of the system are discussed and conclusions drawn. The results indicate that the application of workflow management systems can significantly improve process management in knowledge management initiatives.",
"corpus_id": 211208040,
"title": "An Assessment of the Impacts of Workflow Management Systems on Knowledge Management Process Activities"
} | {
"abstract": "Abstract Increasing public attention to issues of health and environmental sustainability has contributed to a growing consumer demand for “natural” food and drinks. As has been observed, this trend has also affected the wine market, leading to the spread of so-called “natural wine”. According to the literature, consumers who are aware of the social and environmental impact of their consumption choices pay more attention to the information displayed on the label as a tool to reduce the risk associated with their purchase. This study seeks to identify which consumers are willing to pay for natural wine and to understand what information on the label influences their choice. This study is one of the first in wine research to analyse consumers of the “natural” wine recently appearing on the market to satisfy the need of health and environmentally conscious consumers. The findings indicate that consumers are willing to pay a premium price for “natural” wine, and this choice is positively affected by the importance attributed to information on the ingredient content, production method and sensory characteristics included on the wine label. Millennial consumers are also more likely to pay a high premium price for “natural” wine.",
"corpus_id": 159060497,
"score": 1,
"title": "“Natural wine” consumers and interest in label information: An analysis of willingness to pay in a new Italian wine market segment"
} |
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