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The Song of Hiawatha is based on the legends and stories of | 19 |
many North American Indian tribes, but especially those of the | 19 |
Ojibway Indians of northern Michigan, Wisconsin, and Minnesota. | 19 |
They were collected by Henry Rowe Schoolcraft, the reknowned | 19 |
Schoolcraft married Jane, O-bah-bahm-wawa-ge-zhe-go-qua (The | 19 |
fur trader, and O-shau-gus-coday-way-qua (The Woman of the Green | 19 |
Prairie), who was a daughter of Waub-o-jeeg (The White Fisher), | 19 |
who was Chief of the Ojibway tribe at La Pointe, Wisconsin. | 19 |
Jane and her mother are credited with having researched, | 19 |
authenticated, and compiled much of the material Schoolcraft | 19 |
included in his Algic Researches (1839) and a revision published | 19 |
in 1856 as The Myth of Hiawatha. It was this latter revision | 19 |
that Longfellow used as the basis for The Song of Hiawatha. | 19 |
Longfellow began Hiawatha on June 25, 1854, he completed it | 19 |
soon as the poem was published its popularity was assured. | 19 |
However, it also was severely criticized as a plagiary of the | 19 |
Finnish epic poem Kalevala. Longfellow made no secret of the | 19 |
fact that he had used the meter of the Kalevala; but as for the | 19 |
legends, he openly gave credit to Schoolcraft in his notes to the | 19 |
I would add a personal note here. My father's roots include | 19 |
Ojibway Indians: his mother, Margaret Caroline Davenport, was a | 19 |
daughter of Susan des Carreaux, O-gee-em-a-qua (The Chief Woman), | 19 |
Finally, my mother used to rock me to sleep reading portions of | 19 |
Hiawatha to me, especially: | 19 |
"Wah-wah-taysee, little fire-fly, | 19 |
Little, flitting, white-fire insect | 19 |
Little, dancing, white-fire creature, | 19 |
Light me with your little candle, | 19 |
Ere upon my bed I lay me, | 19 |
Ere in sleep I close my eyelids!" | 19 |
Should you ask me, whence these stories? | 19 |
Whence these legends and traditions, | 19 |
With the odors of the forest | 19 |
With the dew and damp of meadows, | 19 |
With the curling smoke of wigwams, | 19 |
With the rushing of great rivers, | 19 |
With their frequent repetitions, | 19 |
And their wild reverberations | 19 |
As of thunder in the mountains? | 19 |
I should answer, I should tell you, | 19 |
"From the forests and the prairies, | 19 |
From the great lakes of the Northland, | 19 |
From the land of the Ojibways, | 19 |
From the land of the Dacotahs, | 19 |
From the mountains, moors, and fen-lands | 19 |
Where the heron, the Shuh-shuh-gah, | 19 |
Feeds among the reeds and rushes. | 19 |
I repeat them as I heard them | 19 |
From the lips of Nawadaha, | 19 |
The musician, the sweet singer." | 19 |
Should you ask where Nawadaha | 19 |
Found these songs so wild and wayward, | 19 |
Found these legends and traditions, | 19 |
I should answer, I should tell you, | 19 |
"In the bird's-nests of the forest, | 19 |
In the lodges of the beaver, | 19 |
In the hoofprint of the bison, | 19 |
In the eyry of the eagle! | 19 |
"All the wild-fowl sang them to him, | 19 |
In the moorlands and the fen-lands, | 19 |
In the melancholy marshes; | 19 |
Chetowaik, the plover, sang them, | 19 |
Mahng, the loon, the wild-goose, Wawa, | 19 |
The blue heron, the Shuh-shuh-gah, | 19 |
And the grouse, the Mushkodasa!" | 19 |
If still further you should ask me, | 19 |
Tell us of this Nawadaha," | 19 |
I should answer your inquiries | 19 |
Straightway in such words as follow. | 19 |
"In the vale of Tawasentha, | 19 |
In the green and silent valley, | 19 |
By the pleasant water-courses, | 19 |
Dwelt the singer Nawadaha. | 19 |
Round about the Indian village | 19 |
Spread the meadows and the corn-fields, | 19 |
And beyond them stood the forest, | 19 |
Stood the groves of singing pine-trees, | 19 |
Green in Summer, white in Winter, | 19 |
Ever sighing, ever singing. | 19 |
"And the pleasant water-courses, | 19 |
You could trace them through the valley, | 19 |
By the rushing in the Spring-time, | 19 |
By the alders in the Summer, | 19 |
By the white fog in the Autumn, | 19 |
By the black line in the Winter; | 19 |
And beside them dwelt the singer, | 19 |
In the vale of Tawasentha, | 19 |
In the green and silent valley. | 19 |
"There he sang of Hiawatha, | 19 |
Sang his wondrous birth and being, | 19 |
How he prayed and how be fasted, | 19 |
How he lived, and toiled, and suffered, | 19 |
That the tribes of men might prosper, | 19 |
That he might advance his people!" | 19 |
Ye who love the haunts of Nature, | 19 |
Love the sunshine of the meadow, | 19 |
Love the shadow of the forest, | 19 |
Love the wind among the branches, | 19 |
And the rain-shower and the snow-storm, | 19 |
And the rushing of great rivers | 19 |