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101
23132960_3
The role of SIRT6 , also a histone deacetylase , in regulating inflammation in endothelial cells is not known .
[ "none" ]
102
23132960_4
The aim of this study was to determine the effect of SIRT6 knockdown on inflammatory markers in human umbilical vein endothelial cells ( HUVECs ) in the presence of lipopolysaccharide ( LPS ) .
[ "none" ]
103
23132960_5
LPS decreased expression of SIRT6 in HUVECs .
[ "none" ]
104
23132960_6
Knockdown of SIRT6 increased the expression of proinflammatory cytokines ( IL-1β , IL-6 , IL-8 ) , COX-prostaglandin system , ECM remodelling enzymes ( MMP-2 , MMP-9 and PAI-1 ) , the adhesion molecule ICAM-1 , and proangiogenic growth factors VEGF and FGF-2 ; cell migration ; cell adhesion to leukocytes .
[ "inducing angiogenesis", "activating invasion and metastasis", "tumor promoting inflammation" ]
105
23132960_7
Loss of SIRT6 increased the expression of NF-κB , whereas overexpression of SIRT6 was associated with decreased NF-κB transcriptional activity .
[ "none" ]
106
23132960_8
Taken together , these results demonstrate that the loss of SIRT6 in endothelial cells is associated with upregulation of genes involved in inflammation , vascular remodelling , and angiogenesis .
[ "inducing angiogenesis", "tumor promoting inflammation" ]
107
23132960_9
SIRT6 may be a potential pharmacological target for inflammatory vascular diseases .
[ "inducing angiogenesis", "tumor promoting inflammation" ]
108
22753494_0
MicroRNAs ( miRNAs ) are small noncoding RNAs , 19-24 nucleotides in length , that regulate gene expression and are expressed aberrantly in most types of cancer .
[ "none" ]
109
22753494_1
MiRNAs also have been detected in the blood of cancer patients and can serve as circulating biomarkers .
[ "none" ]
110
22753494_2
It has been shown that secreted miRNAs within exosomes can be transferred from cell to cell and can regulate gene expression in the receiving cells by canonical binding to their target messenger RNAs .
[ "none" ]
111
22753494_3
Here we show that tumor-secreted miR-21 and miR-29a also can function by another mechanism , by binding as ligands to receptors of the Toll-like receptor ( TLR ) family , murine TLR7 and human TLR8 , in immune cells , triggering a TLR-mediated prometastatic inflammatory response that ultimately may lead to tumor growth and metastasis .
[ "activating invasion and metastasis", "tumor promoting inflammation" ]
112
22753494_4
Thus , by acting as paracrine agonists of TLRs , secreted miRNAs are key regulators of the tumor microenvironment .
[ "none" ]
113
22753494_5
This mechanism of action of miRNAs is implicated in tumor-immune system communication and is important in tumor growth and spread , thus representing a possible target for cancer treatment .
[ "tumor promoting inflammation" ]
114
23435856_0
The aim of the present study was to isolate endothelial cells from tooth buds ( unerupted deciduous teeth ) of miniature swine .
[ "none" ]
115
23435856_1
Mandibular molar tooth buds harvested from swine fetuses at fetal days90-110 were cultured in growth medium supplemented with 15% fetal bovine serum in 100-mm culture dishes until the primary cells outgrown from the tooth buds reached confluence .
[ "none" ]
116
23435856_2
A morphologically defined set of pavement-shaped primary cells were picked up manually with filter paper containing trypsin/ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid solution and transferred to a separate dish .
[ "none" ]
117
23435856_3
A characterization of the cellular characteristics and a functional analysis of the cultured cells at passages 3 to 5 were performed using immunofluorescence , a reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction assay , a tube formation assay , and transmission electron microscopy .
[ "none" ]
118
23435856_4
The isolated cells grew in a pavement arrangement and showed the characteristics of contact inhibition upon reaching confluence .
[ "none" ]
119
23435856_5
The population doubling time was at passage 3 .
[ "none" ]
120
23435856_6
As shown by immunocytostaining and western blotting with specific antibodies , the cells produced the endothelial marker proteins such as vascular endothelial cadherin , von Willebrand factor , and vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-2 .
[ "none" ]
121
23435856_7
Observation with time-lapse images showed that small groups of cells aggregated and adhered to each other to form tube-like structures .
[ "none" ]
122
23435856_8
Moreover , as revealed through transmission electron microscopy , these adherent cells had formed junctional complexes .
[ "none" ]
123
23435856_9
These endothelial cells from the tooth buds of miniature swine are available as cell lines for studies on tube formation and use in regenerative medical science .
[ "none" ]
124
21921941_0
Glioma tumors are refractory to conventional treatment .
[ "none" ]
125
21921941_1
Glioblastoma multiforme is the most aggressive type of primary brain tumors in humans .
[ "none" ]
126
21921941_2
In this study , we introduce oxidative stress-energy depletion ( OSED ) therapy as a new suggested treatment for glioblastoma .
[ "none" ]
127
21921941_3
OSED utilizes D-amino acid oxidase ( DAO ) , which is a promising therapeutic protein that induces oxidative stress and apoptosis through generating hydrogen peroxide ( H2O2 ) .
[ "none" ]
128
21921941_4
OSED combines DAO with 3-bromopyruvate ( 3BP ) , a hexokinase II ( HK II ) inhibitor that interferes with Warburg effect , a metabolic alteration of most tumor cells that is characterized by enhanced aerobic glycolysis .
[ "none" ]
129
21921941_5
Our data revealed that 3BP induced depletion of energetic capabilities of glioma cells. 3BP induced H2O2 production as a novel mechanism of its action .
[ "cellular energetics" ]
130
21921941_6
C6 glioma transfected with DAO and treated with D-serine together with 3BP-sensitized glioma cells to 3BP and decreased markedly proliferation , clonogenic power and viability in a three-dimensional tumor model with lesser effect on normal astrocytes .
[ "none" ]
131
21921941_7
DAO gene therapy using atelocollagen as an in vivo transfection agent proved effective in a glioma tumor model in Sprague-Dawley ( SD ) rats , especially after combination with 3BP .
[ "none" ]
132
21921941_8
OSED treatment was safe and tolerable in SD rats .
[ "none" ]
133
21921941_9
OSED therapy may be a promising therapeutic modality for glioma .
[ "none" ]
134
12659514_0
Solar ultraviolet radiation is considered to be injurious rather than necessary for most organisms living on the earth .
[ "none" ]
135
12659514_1
It is reported that the risk of skin cancer in humans increases by the depletion of the ozone layer .
[ "none" ]
136
12659514_2
We have examined the genotoxicity of solar ultraviolet , especially the longer wavelength light , using Drosophila .
[ "none" ]
137
12659514_3
Recently , we have demonstrated that light of wavelength up to 340 nm is mutagenic on Drosophila larvae .
[ "none" ]
138
12659514_4
Using an excision repair-deficient Drosophila strain ( mus201 ) , we have obtained results suggesting that the lesion caused in larvae by the 320 nm-light irradiation may be similar to the damage induced by irradiation at 310 nm , and that light of 330 and 340 nm may induce damage different from that induced by 310 and 320 nm-light .
[ "none" ]
139
12659514_5
To examine the difference in DNA damage induced by light of a particular wavelength , we performed monochromatic irradiation on larvae of two Drosophila strains ; one excision repair-deficient ( mei-9 ) and another postreplication repair-deficient ( mei-41). 310 and 320 nm-light was more mutagenic in the mei-9 strain than in mei-41 , whereas 330 and 340 nm-light was more mutagenic in mei-41 than in mei-9 .
[ "none" ]
140
12659514_6
It is demonstrated that the mei-41 gene is a homologue of the human atm gene which is responsible for a cell cycle checkpoint .
[ "evading growth suppressors" ]
141
12659514_7
This result suggests that 310-320 nm-light induces DNA damage that is subject to nucleotide excision repair ( NER ) and that 330-360 nm-light causes damage to be recognized by the cell cycle checkpoint but it is not repairable by NER .
[ "genomic instability and mutation", "evading growth suppressors" ]
142
12386826_0
Genetic immunotherapy with tumor antigen gene-modified dendritic cells ( DC ) generates robust immunity , although antitumor protection is not complete in all models .
[ "none" ]
143
12386826_1
Previous experience in a model in which C57BL/6 mice immunized with DC transduced with adenoviral vectors expressing MART-1 demonstrated a 20-40% complete protection to a tumor challenge with B16 melanoma cells .
[ "none" ]
144
12386826_2
Tumors that did develop in immunized mice had slower growth kinetics compared to tumors implanted in na�ve mice .
[ "none" ]
145
12386826_3
In the present study , we wished to determine if the supraphysiological production of the Th1-skewing cytokine interleukin-12 ( IL-12 ) could enhance immune activation and antitumor protection in this model .
[ "none" ]
146
12386826_4
In a series of experiments immunizing mice with DC cotransduced with MART-1 and IL-12 , antitumor protection and antigen-specific splenocyte cytotoxicity and interferon gamma production inversely correlated with the amount of IL-12 produced by DC .
[ "none" ]
147
12386826_5
This adverse effect of IL-12 could not be explained by a direct cytotoxic effect of natural killer cells directed towards DC , nor the production of nitric oxide leading to down-regulation of the immune response - the two mechanisms previously recognized to explain immune-suppressive effects of IL-12-based vaccine therapy .
[ "avoiding immune destruction" ]
148
12386826_6
In conclusion , in this animal model , IL-12 production by gene-modified DC leads to a cytokine-induced dose-dependent inhibition of antigen-specific antitumor protection .
[ "none" ]
149
20101074_0
Recently , the use of gold nanoparticles as potential tumor selective radiosensitizers has been proposed as a breakthrough in radiotherapy .
[ "none" ]
150
20101074_1
Experiments in living cells and in vivo have demonstrated the efficiency of the metal nanoparticles when combined with low energy x-ray radiations ( below conventional 1 MeV Linac radiation ) .
[ "none" ]
151
20101074_2
Further studies on DNA have been performed in order to better understand the fundamental processes of sensitization and to further improve the method .
[ "none" ]
152
20101074_3
In this work , we propose a new strategy based on the combination of platinum nanoparticles with irradiation by fast ions effectively used in hadron therapy .
[ "none" ]
153
20101074_4
It is observed in particular that nanoparticles enhance strongly lethal damage in DNA , with an efficiency factor close to 2 for double strand breaks .
[ "genomic instability and mutation" ]
154
20101074_5
In order to disentangle the effect of the nano-design architecture , a comparison with the effects of dispersed metal atoms at the same concentration has been performed .
[ "none" ]
155
20101074_6
It is thus shown that the sensitization in nanoparticles is enhanced due to auto-amplified electronic cascades inside the nanoparticles , which reinforces the energy deposition in the close vicinity of the metal .
[ "none" ]
156
20101074_7
Finally , the combination of fast ion radiation ( hadron therapy ) with platinum nanoparticles should strongly improve cancer therapy protocols .
[ "none" ]
157
21058195_0
Over the past two decades , bioactive natural compounds have been shown to be a plausible adjunct to the treatment of breast cancer , the second leading cause of cancer death among American women .
[ "none" ]
158
21058195_1
This study was designed to investigate the effects of ursolic acid ( UA ) , a pentacyclic triterpene found in many foods and herbs , in a model of postmenopausal breast cancer .
[ "none" ]
159
21058195_2
Ovariectomized C57BL/6 mice ( n = 40 ) were randomized to receive control diet ( AIN-93G ) or diet supplemented with UA at 1 of 3 doses ( wt/wt ) : 0.05% , 0.10% , or 0.25% ( ≈54 , 106 , or 266 mg/kg body weight/day , respectively ) .
[ "none" ]
160
21058195_3
After 3 wk , syngeneic MMTV-Wnt-1 mammary tumor cells were injected in the mammary fat pad , and mice continued on their respective diets for 5 more wk .
[ "none" ]
161
21058195_4
All UA doses decreased tumor cell proliferation , as assessed by Ki67 immunostaining ; nevertheless , UA at 0.10% was most effective in inhibiting tumor take and decreasing tumor final tumor size .
[ "sustaining proliferative signaling" ]
162
21058195_5
Modulation of Akt/mTOR signaling and induction of apoptosis appeared to mediate these effects on tumor growth .
[ "resisting cell death", "sustaining proliferative signaling" ]
163
21058195_6
UA potently disrupted cell cycle progression and induced necrosis in a clonal MMTV-Wnt-1 mammary tumor cell line in vitro .
[ "resisting cell death" ]
164
21058195_7
This study supports the potential of UA as an antitumorigenic agent .
[ "none" ]
165
23054118_0
BACKGROUND : The immune system has been shown to play an important role in gastrointestinal stromal tumor ( GIST ) .
[ "none" ]
166
23054118_1
The neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio ( NLR ) in blood is an easily assessable parameter of systemic inflammatory response .
[ "none" ]
167
23054118_2
The aim of this study was to determine whether the NLR is prognostic in GIST .
[ "none" ]
168
23054118_3
METHODS : A total of 339 previously untreated patients with primary , localized GIST operated at our institution between 1995 and 2010 were identified from a prospectively collected sarcoma database .
[ "none" ]
169
23054118_4
NLR was assessed preoperatively .
[ "none" ]
170
23054118_5
Patients who received adjuvant imatinib treatment were excluded from the analysis ( n=64 ) .
[ "none" ]
171
23054118_6
Cox regression models were calculated and correlation analyses were performed .
[ "none" ]
172
23054118_7
RESULTS : On univariate analysis , NLR was associated with recurrence-free survival ( RFS ) ( P=0.003 , hazard ratio 3.3 , 95% confidence interval 1.5-7.4 ) .
[ "none" ]
173
23054118_8
Patients with a low NLR had a 1- and 5-year RFS of 98 and 91% , compared with 89 and 76% in those with a high NLR .
[ "none" ]
174
23054118_9
The median RFS was not reached .
[ "none" ]
175
23054118_10
Positive correlations were found between NLR and mitotic rate ( Pearson correlation coefficient [ r]=0.15 , P=0.03 ) , and NLR and tumor size ( r=0.36 , P=0.0001 ) .
[ "none" ]
176
23054118_11
RFS in patients with a GIST>5cm with low NLR was significantly longer compared to patients with high NLR ( P=0.002 ) .
[ "none" ]
177
23054118_12
Flow cytometry analysis of freshly obtained GISTs revealed that neutrophils constituted a minimal percentage of intratumoral immune cells .
[ "avoiding immune destruction" ]
178
23054118_13
CONCLUSIONS : NLR is a surrogate for high-risk tumor features .
[ "none" ]
179
23054118_14
Elevated blood NLR appears to represent systemic inflammation in patients with high-risk GIST .
[ "tumor promoting inflammation" ]
180
20016540_0
A fully intact immune system would be expected to hinder the efficacy of oncolytic virotherapy by inhibiting viral replication .
[ "none" ]
181
20016540_1
Simultaneously , however , it may also enhance antitumor therapy through initiation of proinflammatory , antiviral cytokine responses at the tumor site .
[ "none" ]
182
20016540_2
The aim of this study was to investigate the role of a fully intact immune system on the antitumor efficacy of an oncolytic virus .
[ "none" ]
183
20016540_3
In this respect , injection of oncolytic vesicular stomatitis virus ( VSV ) into subcutaneous B16ova melanomas in C57Bl/6 mice leads to tumor regression , but it is not associated with viral replicative burst in the tumor .
[ "none" ]
184
20016540_4
In contrast , intratumoral delivery of VSV induces an acute proinflammatory reaction , which quickly resolves concomitantly with virus clearance .
[ "tumor promoting inflammation" ]
185
20016540_5
Consistent with the hypothesis that therapy may not be dependent on the ability of VSV to undergo progressive rounds of replication , a single-cycle VSV is equally effective as a fully replication-competent VSV , whereas inactivated viruses do not generate therapy .
[ "none" ]
186
20016540_6
Even though therapy is dependent on host CD8+ and natural killer cells , these effects are not associated with interferon-gamma-dependent responses against either the virus or tumor .
[ "none" ]
187
20016540_7
There is , however , a strong correlation between viral gene expression , induction of proinflammatory reaction in the tumor and in vivo therapy .
[ "tumor promoting inflammation" ]
188
20016540_8
Overall , our results suggest that acute innate antiviral immune response , which rapidly clears VSV from B16ova tumors , is associated with the therapy observed in this model .
[ "tumor promoting inflammation" ]
189
20016540_9
Therefore , the antiviral immune response to an oncolytic virus mediates an intricate balance between safety , restriction of oncolysis and , potentially , significant immune-mediated antitumor therapy .
[ "tumor promoting inflammation" ]
190
22969849_0
Liver cancer ranks as the fifth most prevalent malignancy of all cancers worldwide .
[ "none" ]
191
22969849_1
According to the principles of traditional Chinese medicine , liver Yin deficiency is a common clinical syndrome of liver cancer , and tonifying liver Yin is a common treatment method for liver cancer .
[ "none" ]
192
22969849_2
However , no hepatocarcinoma-specific liver Yin tonifying formula has yet been established .
[ "none" ]
193
22969849_3
In the present study , we established a liver cancer-specific combination of herbs , which we term liver Yin tonifying formula ( LYTF ) .
[ "none" ]
194
22969849_4
We found that LYTF inhibits the proliferation of Bel-7402 cells in a dose- and time-dependent manner .
[ "none" ]
195
22969849_5
LYTF induces apoptosis in Bel-7402 cells , which is accompanied by activation of caspases-8 , -9 and -3 .
[ "resisting cell death" ]
196
22969849_6
Pan-caspase blocking completely abrogates LYTF-induced apoptosis and partially abrogates LYTF-induced proliferation inhibition .
[ "resisting cell death" ]
197
22969849_7
LYTF also induces cell senescence , as indicated by a large and flattened morphology , senescence-activated β-galactosidase-positive staining and G0/G1 cell cycle arrest , accompanied by the up-regulation of p16 and p21 and the down-regulation of retinoblastoma protein phosphorylation .
[ "evading growth suppressors", "enabling replicative immortality" ]
198
22969849_8
These findings suggest that LYTF is effective in inhibiting the growth and survival of hepatocarcinoma cells through the induction of apoptosis and cell senescence .
[ "resisting cell death", "enabling replicative immortality" ]
199
22969849_9
Our study also provides insight into traditional Chinese medicine methods used for the treatment of liver cancer .
[ "none" ]
200
22313602_0
We have recently proposed a new model of cancer metabolism to explain the role of aerobic glycolysis and L-lactate production in fueling tumor growth and metastasis .
[ "none" ]