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The region is home to about 2.5 million insect species, tens of thousands of plants, and some 2,000 birds and mammals. To date, at least 40,000 plant species, 2,200 fishes, 1,294 birds, 427 mammals, 428 amphibians, and 378 reptiles have been scientifically classified in the region. One in five of all the bird species in the world live in the rainforests of the Amazon, and one in five of the fish species live in Amazonian rivers and streams. Scientists have described between 96,660 and 128,843 invertebrate species in Brazil alone.
How many plant species make up the total in the rainforest?
[ "40,000", "40,000", "40,000" ]
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[ "5725d16aec44d21400f3d61d", "5725d16aec44d21400f3d61d", "5725d16aec44d21400f3d61d" ]
[ "Amazon_rainforest", "Amazon_rainforest", "Amazon_rainforest" ]
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Highly concentrated sources of oxygen promote rapid combustion. Fire and explosion hazards exist when concentrated oxidants and fuels are brought into close proximity; an ignition event, such as heat or a spark, is needed to trigger combustion. Oxygen is the oxidant, not the fuel, but nevertheless the source of most of the chemical energy released in combustion. Combustion hazards also apply to compounds of oxygen with a high oxidative potential, such as peroxides, chlorates, nitrates, perchlorates, and dichromates because they can donate oxygen to a fire.
Rather than the fuel, what is oxygen to a fire?
[ "oxidant", "oxidant", "oxidant", "the oxidant", "the oxidant" ]
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[ "Oxygen", "Oxygen", "Oxygen", "Oxygen", "Oxygen" ]
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In many parts of the United States, after the 1954 decision in the landmark court case Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka that demanded United States schools desegregate "with all deliberate speed", local families organized a wave of private "Christian academies". In much of the U.S. South, many white students migrated to the academies, while public schools became in turn more heavily concentrated with African-American students (see List of private schools in Mississippi). The academic content of the academies was usually College Preparatory. Since the 1970s, many of these "segregation academies" have shut down, although some continue to operate.[citation needed]
What is a derogatory term for the Christian academies that arose in the wake of school desegregation?
[ "segregation academies", "segregation academies" ]
[ 584, 584 ]
[ "572757bef1498d1400e8f691", "572757bef1498d1400e8f691" ]
[ "Private_school", "Private_school" ]
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A rich cultural diversity developed during the Yuan dynasty. The major cultural achievements were the development of drama and the novel and the increased use of the written vernacular. The political unity of China and much of central Asia promoted trade between East and West. The Mongols' extensive West Asian and European contacts produced a fair amount of cultural exchange. The other cultures and peoples in the Mongol World Empire also very much influenced China. It had significantly eased trade and commerce across Asia until its decline; the communications between Yuan dynasty and its ally and subordinate in Persia, the Ilkhanate, encouraged this development. Buddhism had a great influence in the Yuan government, and the Tibetan-rite Tantric Buddhism had significantly influenced China during this period. The Muslims of the Yuan dynasty introduced Middle Eastern cartography, astronomy, medicine, clothing, and diet in East Asia. Eastern crops such as carrots, turnips, new varieties of lemons, eggplants, and melons, high-quality granulated sugar, and cotton were all either introduced or successfully popularized during the Yuan dynasty.
What encouraged trade under the Yuan?
[ "The political unity of China and much of central Asia", "political unity", "political unity of China and much of central Asia" ]
[ 186, 190, 190 ]
[ "572878942ca10214002da3a2", "572878942ca10214002da3a2", "572878942ca10214002da3a2" ]
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The Doctor rarely travels alone and often brings one or more companions to share these adventures. His companions are usually humans, as he has found a fascination with planet Earth. He often finds events that pique his curiosity as he tries to prevent evil forces from harming innocent people or changing history, using only his ingenuity and minimal resources, such as his versatile sonic screwdriver. As a Time Lord, the Doctor has the ability to regenerate when his body is mortally damaged, taking on a new appearance and personality. The Doctor has gained numerous reoccurring enemies during his travels, including the Daleks, the Cybermen, and the Master, another renegade Time Lord.
What type of Lord is Doctor Who?
[ "Time Lord", "Time", "Time Lord" ]
[ 409, 409, 409 ]
[ "5727f3193acd2414000df0a9", "5727f3193acd2414000df0a9", "5727f3193acd2414000df0a9" ]
[ "Doctor_Who", "Doctor_Who", "Doctor_Who" ]
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BSkyB has no veto over the presence of channels on their EPG, with open access being an enforced part of their operating licence from Ofcom. Any channel which can get carriage on a suitable beam of a satellite at 28° East is entitled to access to BSkyB's EPG for a fee, ranging from £15–100,000. Third-party channels which opt for encryption receive discounts ranging from reduced price to free EPG entries, free carriage on a BSkyB leased transponder, or actual payment for being carried. However, even in this case, BSkyB does not carry any control over the channel's content or carriage issues such as picture quality.
what is the fee range for accessing BSkyB's EPG?
[ "£15–100,000", "£15–100,000", "£15–100,000" ]
[ 283, 283, 283 ]
[ "57096f37200fba1400367fe6", "57096f37200fba1400367fe6", "57096f37200fba1400367fe6" ]
[ "Sky_(United_Kingdom)", "Sky_(United_Kingdom)", "Sky_(United_Kingdom)" ]
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Martin Luther married Katharina von Bora, one of 12 nuns he had helped escape from the Nimbschen Cistercian convent in April 1523, when he arranged for them to be smuggled out in herring barrels. "Suddenly, and while I was occupied with far different thoughts," he wrote to Wenceslaus Link, "the Lord has plunged me into marriage." At the time of their marriage, Katharina was 26 years old and Luther was 41 years old.
Who did Martin Luther marry?
[ "Katharina von Bora", "Katharina von Bora", "Katharina von Bora," ]
[ 22, 22, 22 ]
[ "56f852fba6d7ea1400e1756d", "56f852fba6d7ea1400e1756d", "56f852fba6d7ea1400e1756d" ]
[ "Martin_Luther", "Martin_Luther", "Martin_Luther" ]
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Victoria is the centre of dairy farming in Australia. It is home to 60% of Australia's 3 million dairy cattle and produces nearly two-thirds of the nation's milk, almost 6.4 billion litres. The state also has 2.4 million beef cattle, with more than 2.2 million cattle and calves slaughtered each year. In 2003–04, Victorian commercial fishing crews and aquaculture industry produced 11,634 tonnes of seafood valued at nearly A$109 million. Blacklipped abalone is the mainstay of the catch, bringing in A$46 million, followed by southern rock lobster worth A$13.7 million. Most abalone and rock lobster is exported to Asia.
To where is most of the abalone and lobster caught in Victorian waters shipped?
[ "Asia", "Asia", "Asia" ]
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[ "570d4606b3d812140066d61d", "570d4606b3d812140066d61d", "570d4606b3d812140066d61d" ]
[ "Victoria_(Australia)", "Victoria_(Australia)", "Victoria_(Australia)" ]
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In July 1977, General Zia-ul-Haq overthrew Prime Minister Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto's regime in Pakistan. Ali Bhutto, a leftist in democratic competition with Islamists, had announced banning alcohol and nightclubs within six months, shortly before he was overthrown. Zia-ul-Haq was much more committed to Islamism, and "Islamization" or implementation of Islamic law, became a cornerstone of his eleven-year military dictatorship and Islamism became his "official state ideology". Zia ul Haq was an admirer of Mawdudi and Mawdudi's party Jamaat-e-Islami became the "regime's ideological and political arm". In Pakistan this Islamization from above was "probably" more complete "than under any other regime except those in Iran and Sudan," but Zia-ul-Haq was also criticized by many Islamists for imposing "symbols" rather than substance, and using Islamization to legitimize his means of seizing power. Unlike neighboring Iran, Zia-ul-Haq's policies were intended to "avoid revolutionary excess", and not to strain relations with his American and Persian Gulf state allies. Zia-ul-Haq was killed in 1988 but Islamization remains an important element in Pakistani society.
When was the regime in Pakistan overthrown by General Zia-ul-Haq?
[ "1977", "July 1977", "July 1977" ]
[ 8, 3, 3 ]
[ "57302ad804bcaa1900d772af", "57302ad804bcaa1900d772af", "57302ad804bcaa1900d772af" ]
[ "Islamism", "Islamism", "Islamism" ]
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After the defeat of the Khwarezmian Empire in 1220, Genghis Khan gathered his forces in Persia and Armenia to return to the Mongolian steppes. Under the suggestion of Subutai, the Mongol army was split into two forces. Genghis Khan led the main army on a raid through Afghanistan and northern India towards Mongolia, while another 20,000 (two tumen) contingent marched through the Caucasus and into Russia under generals Jebe and Subutai. They pushed deep into Armenia and Azerbaijan. The Mongols destroyed the kingdom of Georgia, sacked the Genoese trade-fortress of Caffa in Crimea and overwintered near the Black Sea. Heading home, Subutai's forces attacked the allied forces of the Cuman–Kipchaks and the poorly coordinated 80,000 Kievan Rus' troops led by Mstislav the Bold of Halych and Mstislav III of Kiev who went out to stop the Mongols' actions in the area. Subutai sent emissaries to the Slavic princes calling for a separate peace, but the emissaries were executed. At the Battle of Kalka River in 1223, Subutai's forces defeated the larger Kievan force. They also may have fought against the neighboring Volga Bulgars. There is no historical record except a short account by the Arab historian Ibn al-Athir, writing in Mosul some 1100 miles away from the event. Various historical secondary sources - Morgan, Chambers, Grousset - state that the Mongols actually defeated the Bulgars, Chambers even going so far as to say that the Bulgars had made up stories to tell the (recently crushed) Russians that they had beaten the Mongols and driven them from their territory. The Russian princes then sued for peace. Subutai agreed but was in no mood to pardon the princes. As was customary in Mongol society for nobility, the Russian princes were given a bloodless death. Subutai had a large wooden platform constructed on which he ate his meals along with his other generals. Six Russian princes, including Mstislav III of Kiev, were put under this platform and crushed to death.
Where was the Kievian force that confronted Subutai's army defeated in 1223?
[ "Kalka River", "Kalka River", "Kalka River" ]
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All Recognized Student Organizations, from the University of Chicago Scavenger Hunt to Model UN, in addition to academic teams, sports club, arts groups, and more are funded by The University of Chicago Student Government. Student Government is made up of graduate and undergraduate students elected to represent members from their respective academic unit. It is led by an Executive Committee, chaired by a President with the assistance of two Vice Presidents, one for Administration and the other for Student Life, elected together as a slate by the student body each spring. Its annual budget is greater than $2 million.
Who leads the Student Government?
[ "an Executive Committee", "Executive Committee", "an Executive Committee" ]
[ 371, 374, 371 ]
[ "5728667eff5b5019007da1fd", "5728667eff5b5019007da1fd", "5728667eff5b5019007da1fd" ]
[ "University_of_Chicago", "University_of_Chicago", "University_of_Chicago" ]
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The 2013–14 season was a slight improvement for ABC with three new hits in The Goldbergs, Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. and Resurrection, all of which were renewed; however, that season saw the cancellations of holdovers The Neighbors (which languished in its new Friday time slot despite being bookended by Last Man Standing and Shark Tank) and Suburgatory. NBC, which had lagged behind ABC for eight years, finished the season in first place in the 18–49 demographic for the first time since 2004, and in second place in total viewership behind long-dominant CBS. ABC itself would finish the season in third place as Fox crashed to fourth in both demographics.
In 2013-14, NBC finished behind what network in the ratings?
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In 1929, the university's fifth president, Robert Maynard Hutchins, took office; the university underwent many changes during his 24-year tenure. Hutchins eliminated varsity football from the university in an attempt to emphasize academics over athletics, instituted the undergraduate college's liberal-arts curriculum known as the Common Core, and organized the university's graduate work into its current[when?] four divisions. In 1933, Hutchins proposed an unsuccessful plan to merge the University of Chicago and Northwestern University into a single university. During his term, the University of Chicago Hospitals (now called the University of Chicago Medical Center) finished construction and enrolled its first medical students. Also, the Committee on Social Thought, an institution distinctive of the university, was created.
How long did the 5th president's tenure last?
[ "24-year", "24-year tenure.", "24-year", "24-year tenure" ]
[ 130, 130, 130, 130 ]
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[ "University_of_Chicago", "University_of_Chicago", "University_of_Chicago", "University_of_Chicago" ]
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The origin of electric and magnetic fields would not be fully explained until 1864 when James Clerk Maxwell unified a number of earlier theories into a set of 20 scalar equations, which were later reformulated into 4 vector equations by Oliver Heaviside and Josiah Willard Gibbs. These "Maxwell Equations" fully described the sources of the fields as being stationary and moving charges, and the interactions of the fields themselves. This led Maxwell to discover that electric and magnetic fields could be "self-generating" through a wave that traveled at a speed that he calculated to be the speed of light. This insight united the nascent fields of electromagnetic theory with optics and led directly to a complete description of the electromagnetic spectrum.
Who first fully explained the origins of magnetic and electric fields?
[ "James Clerk Maxwell", "James Clerk Maxwell", "James Clerk Maxwell", "James Clerk Maxwell" ]
[ 88, 88, 88, 88 ]
[ "57378e311c456719005744af", "57378e311c456719005744af", "57378e311c456719005744af", "57378e311c456719005744af" ]
[ "Force", "Force", "Force", "Force" ]
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Undergraduate admission to Harvard is characterized by the Carnegie Foundation as "more selective, lower transfer-in". Harvard College accepted 5.3% of applicants for the class of 2019, a record low and the second lowest acceptance rate among all national universities. Harvard College ended its early admissions program in 2007 as the program was believed to disadvantage low-income and under-represented minority applicants applying to selective universities, yet for the class of 2016 an Early Action program was reintroduced.
Why did Harvard end its early admission program?
[ "believed to disadvantage low-income and under-represented minority applicants", "believed to disadvantage low-income and under-represented minority applicants", "disadvantage low-income and under-represented minority applicants" ]
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[ "Harvard_University", "Harvard_University", "Harvard_University" ]
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Plastid differentiation is not permanent, in fact many interconversions are possible. Chloroplasts may be converted to chromoplasts, which are pigment-filled plastids responsible for the bright colors seen in flowers and ripe fruit. Starch storing amyloplasts can also be converted to chromoplasts, and it is possible for proplastids to develop straight into chromoplasts. Chromoplasts and amyloplasts can also become chloroplasts, like what happens when a carrot or a potato is illuminated. If a plant is injured, or something else causes a plant cell to revert to a meristematic state, chloroplasts and other plastids can turn back into proplastids. Chloroplast, amyloplast, chromoplast, proplast, etc., are not absolute states—intermediate forms are common.
What can amyloplasts become?
[ "chromoplasts", "chromoplasts", "chromoplasts" ]
[ 285, 285, 285 ]
[ "572977fbaf94a219006aa4af", "572977fbaf94a219006aa4af", "572977fbaf94a219006aa4af" ]
[ "Chloroplast", "Chloroplast", "Chloroplast" ]
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Pushing against an object on a frictional surface can result in a situation where the object does not move because the applied force is opposed by static friction, generated between the object and the table surface. For a situation with no movement, the static friction force exactly balances the applied force resulting in no acceleration. The static friction increases or decreases in response to the applied force up to an upper limit determined by the characteristics of the contact between the surface and the object.
What is generated between a surface and an object that is being pushed?
[ "static friction", "static friction", "static friction", "static friction", "static friction" ]
[ 147, 147, 147, 147, 147 ]
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Tesla's demonstration of his induction motor and Westinghouse's subsequent licensing of the patent, both in 1888, put Tesla firmly on the "AC" side of the so-called "War of Currents," an electrical distribution battle being waged between Thomas Edison and George Westinghouse that had been simmering since Westinghouse's first AC system in 1886 and had reached the point of all-out warfare by 1888. This started out as a competition between rival lighting systems with Edison holding all the patents for DC and the incandescent light and Westinghouse using his own patented AC system to power arc lights as well as incandescent lamps of a slightly different design to get around the Edison patent. The acquisition of a feasible AC motor gave Westinghouse a key patent in building a completely integrated AC system, but the financial strain of buying up patents and hiring the engineers needed to build it meant development of Tesla's motor had to be put on hold for a while. The competition resulted in Edison Machine Works pursuing AC development in 1890 and by 1892 Thomas Edison was no longer in control of his own company, which was consolidated into the conglomerate General Electric and converting to an AC delivery system at that point.
What company took over Edison Machine Works?
[ "General Electric", "General Electric", "General Electric" ]
[ 1172, 1172, 1172 ]
[ "56e05a78231d4119001ac065", "56e05a78231d4119001ac065", "56e05a78231d4119001ac065" ]
[ "Nikola_Tesla", "Nikola_Tesla", "Nikola_Tesla" ]
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Among the most well-known experiments in structural geology are those involving orogenic wedges, which are zones in which mountains are built along convergent tectonic plate boundaries. In the analog versions of these experiments, horizontal layers of sand are pulled along a lower surface into a back stop, which results in realistic-looking patterns of faulting and the growth of a critically tapered (all angles remain the same) orogenic wedge. Numerical models work in the same way as these analog models, though they are often more sophisticated and can include patterns of erosion and uplift in the mountain belt. This helps to show the relationship between erosion and the shape of the mountain range. These studies can also give useful information about pathways for metamorphism through pressure, temperature, space, and time.
Horizontal layers of what are pulled along a surface into a back stop in analog versions of orogenic wedge experiments?
[ "sand", "sand", "sand" ]
[ 252, 252, 252 ]
[ "57267ebfdd62a815002e872e", "57267ebfdd62a815002e872e", "57267ebfdd62a815002e872e" ]
[ "Geology", "Geology", "Geology" ]
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Medical knowledge had stagnated during the Middle Ages. The most authoritative account at the time came from the medical faculty in Paris in a report to the king of France that blamed the heavens, in the form of a conjunction of three planets in 1345 that caused a "great pestilence in the air". This report became the first and most widely circulated of a series of plague tracts that sought to give advice to sufferers. That the plague was caused by bad air became the most widely accepted theory. Today, this is known as the Miasma theory. The word 'plague' had no special significance at this time, and only the recurrence of outbreaks during the Middle Ages gave it the name that has become the medical term.
What is the newer, more widely accepted theory behind the spread of the plague?
[ "bad air", "That the plague was caused by bad air", "great pestilence in the air" ]
[ 452, 422, 266 ]
[ "57264b3edd62a815002e80ac", "57264b3edd62a815002e80ac", "57264b3edd62a815002e80ac" ]
[ "Black_Death", "Black_Death", "Black_Death" ]
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The fucoxanthin dinophyte lineages (including Karlodinium and Karenia) lost their original red algal derived chloroplast, and replaced it with a new chloroplast derived from a haptophyte endosymbiont. Karlodinium and Karenia probably took up different heterokontophytes. Because the haptophyte chloroplast has four membranes, tertiary endosymbiosis would be expected to create a six membraned chloroplast, adding the haptophyte's cell membrane and the dinophyte's phagosomal vacuole. However, the haptophyte was heavily reduced, stripped of a few membranes and its nucleus, leaving only its chloroplast (with its original double membrane), and possibly one or two additional membranes around it.
How many membranes does the haptophyte chloroplast have?
[ "four", "four", "four" ]
[ 310, 310, 310 ]
[ "572965e73f37b3190047832d", "572965e73f37b3190047832d", "572965e73f37b3190047832d" ]
[ "Chloroplast", "Chloroplast", "Chloroplast" ]
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Tesla exhibited a pre-atomic understanding of physics in his writings; he disagreed with the theory of atoms being composed of smaller subatomic particles, stating there was no such thing as an electron creating an electric charge (he believed that if electrons existed at all, they were some fourth state of matter or "sub-atom" that could only exist in an experimental vacuum and that they had nothing to do with electricity).:249 Tesla believed that atoms are immutable—they could not change state or be split in any way. He was a believer in the 19th century concept of an all pervasive "ether" that transmitted electrical energy.
To what century did the idea of ether belong?
[ "the 19th", "19th", "19th" ]
[ 546, 550, 550 ]
[ "56e120a1e3433e1400422c3b", "56e120a1e3433e1400422c3b", "56e120a1e3433e1400422c3b" ]
[ "Nikola_Tesla", "Nikola_Tesla", "Nikola_Tesla" ]
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Jacksonville, like most large cities in the United States, suffered from negative effects of rapid urban sprawl after World War II. The construction of highways led residents to move to newer housing in the suburbs. After World War II, the government of the city of Jacksonville began to increase spending to fund new public building projects in the boom that occurred after the war. Mayor W. Haydon Burns' Jacksonville Story resulted in the construction of a new city hall, civic auditorium, public library and other projects that created a dynamic sense of civic pride. However, the development of suburbs and a subsequent wave of middle class "white flight" left Jacksonville with a much poorer population than before. The city's most populous ethnic group, non-Hispanic white, declined from 75.8% in 1970 to 55.1% by 2010.
What term referred to middle class citizens leaving the suburbs?
[ "white flight", "\"white flight\"", "white flight" ]
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[ "57281ab63acd2414000df495", "57281ab63acd2414000df495", "57281ab63acd2414000df495" ]
[ "Jacksonville,_Florida", "Jacksonville,_Florida", "Jacksonville,_Florida" ]
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One of competing model for cpDNA replication asserts that most cpDNA is linear and participates in homologous recombination and replication structures similar to bacteriophage T4. It has been established that some plants have linear cpDNA, such as maize, and that more species still contain complex structures that scientists do not yet understand. When the original experiments on cpDNA were performed, scientists did notice linear structures; however, they attributed these linear forms to broken circles. If the branched and complex structures seen in cpDNA experiments are real and not artifacts of concatenated circular DNA or broken circles, then a D-loop mechanism of replication is insufficient to explain how those structures would replicate. At the same time, homologous recombination does not expand the multiple A --> G gradients seen in plastomes. Because of the failure to explain the deamination gradient as well as the numerous plant species that have been shown to have circular cpDNA, the predominant theory continues to hold that most cpDNA is circular and most likely replicates via a D loop mechanism.
What is cpDNA's replication similar to?
[ "bacteriophage T4", "bacteriophage T4.", "bacteriophage T4" ]
[ 162, 162, 162 ]
[ "57296ab93f37b31900478369", "57296ab93f37b31900478369", "57296ab93f37b31900478369" ]
[ "Chloroplast", "Chloroplast", "Chloroplast" ]
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In 1875, Tesla enrolled at Austrian Polytechnic in Graz, Austria, on a Military Frontier scholarship. During his first year, Tesla never missed a lecture, earned the highest grades possible, passed nine exams (nearly twice as many required), started a Serbian culture club, and even received a letter of commendation from the dean of the technical faculty to his father, which stated, "Your son is a star of first rank." Tesla claimed that he worked from 3 a.m. to 11 p.m., no Sundays or holidays excepted. He was "mortified when [his] father made light of [those] hard won honors." After his father's death in 1879, Tesla found a package of letters from his professors to his father, warning that unless he were removed from the school, Tesla would be killed through overwork. During his second year, Tesla came into conflict with Professor Poeschl over the Gramme dynamo, when Tesla suggested that commutators weren't necessary. At the end of his second year, Tesla lost his scholarship and became addicted to gambling. During his third year, Tesla gambled away his allowance and his tuition money, later gambling back his initial losses and returning the balance to his family. Tesla said that he "conquered [his] passion then and there," but later he was known to play billiards in the US. When exam time came, Tesla was unprepared and asked for an extension to study, but was denied. He never graduated from the university and did not receive grades for the last semester.
What year did Tesla enroll at an engineering school?
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Subject Committees are established at the beginning of each parliamentary session, and again the members on each committee reflect the balance of parties across Parliament. Typically each committee corresponds with one (or more) of the departments (or ministries) of the Scottish Government. The current Subject Committees in the fourth Session are: Economy, Energy and Tourism; Education and Culture; Health and Sport; Justice; Local Government and Regeneration; Rural Affairs, Climate Change and Environment; Welfare Reform; and Infrastructure and Capital Investment.
Economy, Energy and Tourism is one of the what?
[ "current Subject Committees", "Subject Committees", "Subject Committees" ]
[ 296, 304, 304 ]
[ "572fc80b04bcaa1900d76d13", "572fc80b04bcaa1900d76d13", "572fc80b04bcaa1900d76d13" ]
[ "Scottish_Parliament", "Scottish_Parliament", "Scottish_Parliament" ]
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Luther's 1524 creedal hymn "Wir glauben all an einen Gott" ("We All Believe in One True God") is a three-stanza confession of faith prefiguring Luther's 1529 three-part explanation of the Apostles' Creed in the Small Catechism. Luther's hymn, adapted and expanded from an earlier German creedal hymn, gained widespread use in vernacular Lutheran liturgies as early as 1525. Sixteenth-century Lutheran hymnals also included "Wir glauben all" among the catechetical hymns, although 18th-century hymnals tended to label the hymn as Trinitarian rather than catechetical, and 20th-century Lutherans rarely use the hymn because of the perceived difficulty of its tune.
When did Luther write Wir glauben all an einen Gott?
[ "1524", "1524", "1524" ]
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The church also holds that they "are equally bound to respect the sacredness of the life and well-being of the mother, for whom devastating damage may result from an unacceptable pregnancy. In continuity with past Christian teaching, we recognize tragic conflicts of life with life that may justify abortion, and in such cases we support the legal option of abortion under proper medical procedures." As such, two official bodies of the United Methodist Church are part of the Religious Coalition for Reproductive Choice's governing coalition, The General Board of Church and Society, and the United Methodist Women. The church cautions that "Governmental laws and regulations do not provide all the guidance required by the informed Christian conscience." The Church emphasizes the need to be in supportive ministry with all women, regardless of their choice.
The church holds that they are equally bound to respect the sacredness of the life and well-being of whom?
[ "the mother", "supportive ministry with all women,", "the mother, for whom devastating damage may result from an unacceptable pregnancy" ]
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The Rankine cycle and most practical steam engines have a water pump to recycle or top up the boiler water, so that they may be run continuously. Utility and industrial boilers commonly use multi-stage centrifugal pumps; however, other types are used. Another means of supplying lower-pressure boiler feed water is an injector, which uses a steam jet usually supplied from the boiler. Injectors became popular in the 1850s but are no longer widely used, except in applications such as steam locomotives.
In what decade were injectors widely used in steam engines?
[ "1850s", "1850s", "1850s" ]
[ 417, 417, 417 ]
[ "571135b8a58dae1900cd6d10", "571135b8a58dae1900cd6d10", "571135b8a58dae1900cd6d10" ]
[ "Steam_engine", "Steam_engine", "Steam_engine" ]
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Kuchlug, the deposed Khan of the Naiman confederation that Temüjin defeated and folded into his Mongol Empire, fled west and usurped the khanate of Qara Khitai (also known as the Western Liao, as it was originally established as remnants of the Liao dynasty). Genghis Khan decided to conquer the Qara Khitai and defeat Kuchlug, possibly to take him out of power. By this time the Mongol army was exhausted from ten years of continuous campaigning in China against the Western Xia and Jin dynasty. Therefore, Genghis sent only two tumen (20,000 soldiers) against Kuchlug, under his younger general, Jebe, known as "The Arrow".
How many soldiers did Genghis Khan send against Kuchlug and Qara Khitai?
[ "20,000", "20,000", "20,000" ]
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[ "Genghis_Khan", "Genghis_Khan", "Genghis_Khan" ]
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ABC became an aggressive competitor to NBC and CBS when, continuing NBC Blue's traditions of public service, it aired symphony performances conducted by Paul Whiteman, performances from the Metropolitan Opera, and jazz concerts aired as part of its broadcast of The Chamber Music Society of Lower Basin Street announced by Milton Cross. The network also became known for such suspenseful dramas as Sherlock Holmes, Gang Busters and Counterspy, as well as several mid-afternoon youth-oriented programs. However, ABC made a name for itself by utilizing the practice of counterprogramming, with which it often placed shows of its own against the offerings of NBC and CBS, adopting the use of the Magnetophon tape recorder, brought to the U.S. from Nazi Germany after its conquest, to pre-record its programming. With the help of the Magnetophon, ABC was able to provide its stars with greater freedom in terms of time, and also attract several big names, such as Bing Crosby at a time when NBC and CBS did not allow pre-taped shows.
What new technology allowed ABC to pre-record its shows?
[ "Magnetophon tape recorder", "Magnetophon tape recorder", "Magnetophon" ]
[ 693, 693, 693 ]
[ "57268739708984140094c8ed", "57268739708984140094c8ed", "57268739708984140094c8ed" ]
[ "American_Broadcasting_Company", "American_Broadcasting_Company", "American_Broadcasting_Company" ]
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Islamist movements such as the Muslim Brotherhood, "are well known for providing shelters, educational assistance, free or low cost medical clinics, housing assistance to students from out of town, student advisory groups, facilitation of inexpensive mass marriage ceremonies to avoid prohibitively costly dowry demands, legal assistance, sports facilities, and women's groups." All this compares very favourably against incompetent, inefficient, or neglectful governments whose commitment to social justice is limited to rhetoric.
What type of movement is the Muslim Brotherhood?
[ "Islamist", "Islamist", "Islamist" ]
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[ "572ffe6fb2c2fd14005686ef", "572ffe6fb2c2fd14005686ef", "572ffe6fb2c2fd14005686ef" ]
[ "Islamism", "Islamism", "Islamism" ]
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In 1952, following pressure from Tesla's nephew, Sava Kosanović, Tesla's entire estate was shipped to Belgrade in 80 trunks marked N.T. In 1957, Kosanović's secretary Charlotte Muzar transported Tesla's ashes from the United States to Belgrade. The ashes are displayed in a gold-plated sphere on a marble pedestal in the Nikola Tesla Museum.
Where were the ashes sent?
[ "Belgrade", "Belgrade", "Belgrade" ]
[ 235, 102, 235 ]
[ "56e1127bcd28a01900c6754c", "56e1127bcd28a01900c6754c", "56e1127bcd28a01900c6754c" ]
[ "Nikola_Tesla", "Nikola_Tesla", "Nikola_Tesla" ]
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The U.S. government has engaged in efforts to counter Islamism, or violent Islamism, since 2001. These efforts were centred in the U.S. around public diplomacy programmes conducted by the State Department. There have been calls to create an independent agency in the U.S. with a specific mission of undermining Islamism and jihadism. Christian Whiton, an official in the George W. Bush administration, called for a new agency focused on the nonviolent practice of "political warfare" aimed at undermining the ideology. U.S. Defense Secretary Robert Gates called for establishing something similar to the defunct U.S. Information Agency, which was charged with undermining the communist ideology during the Cold War.
How long as the U.S. government been actively engaged in efforts to counter Islamism?
[ "2001", "since 2001", "since 2001" ]
[ 91, 85, 85 ]
[ "57303048947a6a140053d254", "57303048947a6a140053d254", "57303048947a6a140053d254" ]
[ "Islamism", "Islamism", "Islamism" ]
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Advances in polynomial algebra were made by mathematicians during the Yuan era. The mathematician Zhu Shijie (1249–1314) solved simultaneous equations with up to four unknowns using a rectangular array of coefficients, equivalent to modern matrices. Zhu used a method of elimination to reduce the simultaneous equations to a single equation with only one unknown. His method is described in the Jade Mirror of the Four Unknowns, written in 1303. The opening pages contain a diagram of Pascal's triangle. The summation of a finite arithmetic series is also covered in the book.
What modern math concept did Zhu Shijie do work similar to?
[ "matrices", "matrices", "matrices" ]
[ 240, 240, 240 ]
[ "5728804b4b864d1900164a48", "5728804b4b864d1900164a48", "5728804b4b864d1900164a48" ]
[ "Yuan_dynasty", "Yuan_dynasty", "Yuan_dynasty" ]
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The embargo had a negative influence on the US economy by causing immediate demands to address the threats to U.S. energy security. On an international level, the price increases changed competitive positions in many industries, such as automobiles. Macroeconomic problems consisted of both inflationary and deflationary impacts. The embargo left oil companies searching for new ways to increase oil supplies, even in rugged terrain such as the Arctic. Finding oil and developing new fields usually required five to ten years before significant production.
On an international level, which industry's competitive positions is affected?
[ "automobiles", "automobiles", "automobiles", "automobiles", "automobiles" ]
[ 237, 237, 237, 237, 237 ]
[ "5726241189a1e219009ac2df", "5726241189a1e219009ac2df", "5726241189a1e219009ac2df", "5726241189a1e219009ac2df", "5726241189a1e219009ac2df" ]
[ "1973_oil_crisis", "1973_oil_crisis", "1973_oil_crisis", "1973_oil_crisis", "1973_oil_crisis" ]
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In terms of housing stock, the authority is one of few authorities to see the proportion of detached homes rise in the 2010 Census (to 7.8%), in this instance this was coupled with a similar rise in flats and waterside apartments to 25.6%, and the proportion of converted or shared houses in 2011 renders this dwelling type within the highest of the five colour-coded brackets at 5.9%, and on a par with Oxford and Reading, greater than Manchester and Liverpool and below a handful of historic densely occupied, arguably overinflated markets in the local authorities: Harrogate, Cheltenham, Bath, inner London, Hastings, Brighton and Tunbridge Wells.
What proportion did detached homes rise in 2010?
[ "7.8%", "(to 7.8%", "to 7.8%" ]
[ 135, 131, 132 ]
[ "572678c0dd62a815002e863e", "572678c0dd62a815002e863e", "572678c0dd62a815002e863e" ]
[ "Newcastle_upon_Tyne", "Newcastle_upon_Tyne", "Newcastle_upon_Tyne" ]
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Luther taught that salvation and subsequently eternal life is not earned by good deeds but is received only as a free gift of God's grace through faith in Jesus Christ as redeemer from sin. His theology challenged the authority and office of the Pope by teaching that the Bible is the only source of divinely revealed knowledge from God and opposed sacerdotalism by considering all baptized Christians to be a holy priesthood. Those who identify with these, and all of Luther's wider teachings, are called Lutherans even though Luther insisted on Christian or Evangelical as the only acceptable names for individuals who professed Christ.
Since he didn't believe that salvation was acquired through good deeds, how was it achieved?
[ "gift of God's grace", "free gift", "through faith" ]
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The phrase "Hiding behind (or 'watching from behind') the sofa" entered British pop culture, signifying in humour the stereotypical early-series behaviour of children who wanted to avoid seeing frightening parts of a television programme while remaining in the room to watch the remainder of it. The phrase retains this association with Doctor Who, to the point that in 1991 the Museum of the Moving Image in London named their exhibition celebrating the programme "Behind the Sofa". The electronic theme music too was perceived as eerie, novel, and frightening, at the time. A 2012 article placed this childhood juxtaposition of fear and thrill "at the center of many people's relationship with the show", and a 2011 online vote at Digital Spy deemed the series the "scariest TV show of all time".
Who put on a Doctor Who exhibition in 1991?
[ "the Museum of the Moving Image", "the Museum of the Moving Image", "Museum of the Moving Image" ]
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[ "5727fdb94b864d190016417d", "5727fdb94b864d190016417d", "5727fdb94b864d190016417d" ]
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The Panthers seemed primed to score on their opening drive of the second half when Newton completed a 45-yard pass to Ted Ginn Jr. on the Denver 35-yard line on their second offensive play. But the Broncos defense halted the drive on the 26-yard line, and it ended with no points when Graham Gano hit the uprights on a 44-yard field goal attempt. After the miss, Manning completed a pair of passes to Emmanuel Sanders for gains of 25 and 22 yards, setting up McManus' 33-yard field goal that gave the Broncos a 16–7 lead. Carolina got off to another strong start after the kickoff, with Newton completing a 42-yard pass to Corey Brown. But once again they came up empty, this time as a result of a Newton pass that bounced off the hands of Ginn and was intercepted by safety T. J. Ward. Ward fumbled the ball during the return, but Trevathan recovered it to enable Denver to keep possession.
Who was on the receiving end of a 45-yard pass from Cam Newton?
[ "Ted Ginn Jr", "Ted Ginn Jr.", "Ted Ginn Jr" ]
[ 118, 118, 118 ]
[ "56bec98e3aeaaa14008c9455", "56bec98e3aeaaa14008c9455", "56bec98e3aeaaa14008c9455" ]
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Virtually all nuclear power plants generate electricity by heating water to provide steam that drives a turbine connected to an electrical generator. Nuclear-powered ships and submarines either use a steam turbine directly for main propulsion, with generators providing auxiliary power, or else employ turbo-electric transmission, where the steam drives a turbo generator set with propulsion provided by electric motors. A limited number of steam turbine railroad locomotives were manufactured. Some non-condensing direct-drive locomotives did meet with some success for long haul freight operations in Sweden and for express passenger work in Britain, but were not repeated. Elsewhere, notably in the U.S.A., more advanced designs with electric transmission were built experimentally, but not reproduced. It was found that steam turbines were not ideally suited to the railroad environment and these locomotives failed to oust the classic reciprocating steam unit in the way that modern diesel and electric traction has done.[citation needed]
What does the steam generated by a nuclear power plant drive?
[ "turbine", "turbine", "a turbine connected to an electrical generator" ]
[ 104, 104, 102 ]
[ "571166352419e314009555f2", "571166352419e314009555f2", "571166352419e314009555f2" ]
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Howard Zinn writes, "There may be many times when protesters choose to go to jail, as a way of continuing their protest, as a way of reminding their countrymen of injustice. But that is different than the notion that they must go to jail as part of a rule connected with civil disobedience. The key point is that the spirit of protest should be maintained all the way, whether it is done by remaining in jail, or by evading it. To accept jail penitently as an accession to 'the rules' is to switch suddenly to a spirit of subservience, to demean the seriousness of the protest...In particular, the neo-conservative insistence on a guilty plea should be eliminated."
Going to jail accomplished what goal of civil disobedience?
[ "reminding their countrymen of injustice", "reminding their countrymen of injustice", "reminding their countrymen of injustice", "reminding their countrymen of injustice", "reminding their countrymen of injustice" ]
[ 133, 133, 133, 133, 133 ]
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Agriculture is the second largest contributor to Kenya's gross domestic product (GDP), after the service sector. In 2005 agriculture, including forestry and fishing, accounted for 24% of GDP, as well as for 18% of wage employment and 50% of revenue from exports. The principal cash crops are tea, horticultural produce, and coffee. Horticultural produce and tea are the main growth sectors and the two most valuable of all of Kenya's exports. The production of major food staples such as corn is subject to sharp weather-related fluctuations. Production downturns periodically necessitate food aid—for example, in 2004 aid for 1.8 million people because of one of Kenya's intermittent droughts.[citation needed]
What are the principal cash crops in Kenya?
[ "tea, horticultural produce, and coffee", "tea, horticultural produce, and coffee", "tea, horticultural produce, and coffee" ]
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[ "572918bd3f37b31900478017", "572918bd3f37b31900478017", "572918bd3f37b31900478017" ]
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Geologists use a number of field, laboratory, and numerical modeling methods to decipher Earth history and understand the processes that occur on and inside the Earth. In typical geological investigations, geologists use primary information related to petrology (the study of rocks), stratigraphy (the study of sedimentary layers), and structural geology (the study of positions of rock units and their deformation). In many cases, geologists also study modern soils, rivers, landscapes, and glaciers; investigate past and current life and biogeochemical pathways, and use geophysical methods to investigate the subsurface.
What is structural geology?
[ "study of positions of rock units and their deformation", "the study of positions of rock units and their deformation", "the study of positions of rock units and their deformation" ]
[ 360, 356, 356 ]
[ "572677e7708984140094c725", "572677e7708984140094c725", "572677e7708984140094c725" ]
[ "Geology", "Geology", "Geology" ]
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In honor of the 50th Super Bowl, the pregame ceremony featured the on-field introduction of 39 of the 43 previous Super Bowl Most Valuable Players. Bart Starr (MVP of Super Bowls I and II) and Chuck Howley (MVP of Super Bowl V) appeared via video, while Peyton Manning (MVP of Super Bowl XLI and current Broncos quarterback) was shown in the locker room preparing for the game. No plans were announced regarding the recognition of Harvey Martin, co-MVP of Super Bowl XII, who died in 2001.
How many of the prior Super Bowl MVPs appeared together at the pregame show?
[ "39", "39", "39" ]
[ 92, 92, 92 ]
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Steam engines can be said to have been the moving force behind the Industrial Revolution and saw widespread commercial use driving machinery in factories, mills and mines; powering pumping stations; and propelling transport appliances such as railway locomotives, ships, steamboats and road vehicles. Their use in agriculture led to an increase in the land available for cultivation. There have at one time or another been steam-powered farm tractors, motorcycles (without much success) and even automobiles as the Stanley Steamer.
Along with mills and mines, in what industrial locations did steam drive machines?
[ "factories", "factories", "factories", "factories" ]
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Doctor Who first appeared on BBC TV at 17:16:20 GMT, eighty seconds after the scheduled programme time, 5:15 pm, on Saturday, 23 November 1963. It was to be a regular weekly programme, each episode 25 minutes of transmission length. Discussions and plans for the programme had been in progress for a year. The head of drama, Canadian Sydney Newman, was mainly responsible for developing the programme, with the first format document for the series being written by Newman along with the head of the script department (later head of serials) Donald Wilson and staff writer C. E. Webber. Writer Anthony Coburn, story editor David Whitaker and initial producer Verity Lambert also heavily contributed to the development of the series.[note 1] The programme was originally intended to appeal to a family audience, as an educational programme using time travel as a means to explore scientific ideas and famous moments in history. On 31 July 1963 Whitaker commissioned Terry Nation to write a story under the title The Mutants. As originally written, the Daleks and Thals were the victims of an alien neutron bomb attack but Nation later dropped the aliens and made the Daleks the aggressors. When the script was presented to Newman and Wilson it was immediately rejected as the programme was not permitted to contain any "bug-eyed monsters". The first serial had been completed and the BBC believed it was crucial that the next one be a success, but The Mutants was the only script ready to go, so the show had little choice but to use it. According to producer Verity Lambert; "We didn't have a lot of choice — we only had the Dalek serial to go ... We had a bit of a crisis of confidence because Donald [Wilson] was so adamant that we shouldn't make it. Had we had anything else ready we would have made that." Nation's script became the second Doctor Who serial – The Daleks (a.k.a. The Mutants). The serial introduced the eponymous aliens that would become the series' most popular monsters, and was responsible for the BBC's first merchandising boom.
Why was the Dalek script rejected at first?
[ "the programme was not permitted to contain any \"bug-eyed monsters\"", "the programme was not permitted to contain any \"bug-eyed monsters\"", "only had the Dalek serial to go" ]
[ 1270, 1270, 1611 ]
[ "5727f44c2ca10214002d9a34", "5727f44c2ca10214002d9a34", "5727f44c2ca10214002d9a34" ]
[ "Doctor_Who", "Doctor_Who", "Doctor_Who" ]
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There are many similarities and differences among teachers around the world. In almost all countries teachers are educated in a university or college. Governments may require certification by a recognized body before they can teach in a school. In many countries, elementary school education certificate is earned after completion of high school. The high school student follows an education specialty track, obtain the prerequisite "student-teaching" time, and receive a special diploma to begin teaching after graduation. In addition to certification, many educational institutions especially within the US, require that prospective teachers pass a background check and psychiatric evaluation to be able to teach in classroom. This is not always the case with adult further learning institutions but is fast becoming the norm in many countries as security concerns grow.
What might the Government require a teacher have before being allowed to teach?
[ "certification", "certification by a recognized body", "certification by a recognized body" ]
[ 175, 175, 175 ]
[ "56e76d6537bdd419002c3f94", "56e76d6537bdd419002c3f94", "56e76d6537bdd419002c3f94" ]
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The earliest recorded incidents of collective civil disobedience took place during the Roman Empire[citation needed]. Unarmed Jews gathered in the streets to prevent the installation of pagan images in the Temple in Jerusalem.[citation needed][original research?] In modern times, some activists who commit civil disobedience as a group collectively refuse to sign bail until certain demands are met, such as favorable bail conditions, or the release of all the activists. This is a form of jail solidarity.[page needed] There have also been many instances of solitary civil disobedience, such as that committed by Thoreau, but these sometimes go unnoticed. Thoreau, at the time of his arrest, was not yet a well-known author, and his arrest was not covered in any newspapers in the days, weeks and months after it happened. The tax collector who arrested him rose to higher political office, and Thoreau's essay was not published until after the end of the Mexican War.
How long did it take for Thoreau's disobedience to be known?
[ "Thoreau's essay was not published until after the end of the Mexican War", "until after the end of the Mexican War", "months", "months after it happened", "after the end of the Mexican War" ]
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Kenya's services sector, which contributes 61% of GDP, is dominated by tourism. The tourism sector has exhibited steady growth in most years since independence and by the late 1980s had become the country's principal source of foreign exchange. Tourists, the largest number being from Germany and the United Kingdom, are attracted mainly to the coastal beaches and the game reserves, notably, the expansive East and West Tsavo National Park 20,808 square kilometres (8,034 sq mi) in the southeast. Tourism has seen a substantial revival over the past several years and is the major contributor to the pick-up in the country's economic growth. Tourism is now Kenya's largest foreign exchange earning sector, followed by flowers, tea, and coffee. In 2006 tourism generated US$803 million, up from US$699 million the previous year. Presently, there are also numerous Shopping Malls in Kenya. In addition, there are four main hypermarket chains in Kenya.
How much does the services sector contribute to GDP?
[ "61%", "61%", "61%" ]
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The Sarah Jane Adventures, starring Elisabeth Sladen who reprised her role as investigative journalist Sarah Jane Smith, was developed by CBBC; a special aired on New Year's Day 2007 and a full series began on 24 September 2007. A second series followed in 2008, notable for (as noted above) featuring the return of Brigadier Lethbridge-Stewart. A third in 2009 featured a crossover appearance from the main show by David Tennant as the Tenth Doctor. In 2010, a further such appearance featured Matt Smith as the Eleventh Doctor alongside former companion actress Katy Manning reprising her role as Jo Grant. A final, three-story fifth series was transmitted in autumn 2011 – uncompleted due to the death of Elisabeth Sladen in early 2011.
When did the Eleventh Doctor appear in the Sarah Jane series?
[ "2010", "2010", "2010" ]
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[ "Doctor_Who", "Doctor_Who", "Doctor_Who" ]
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Following a referendum in 1997, in which the Scottish electorate voted for devolution, the current Parliament was convened by the Scotland Act 1998, which sets out its powers as a devolved legislature. The Act delineates the legislative competence of the Parliament – the areas in which it can make laws – by explicitly specifying powers that are "reserved" to the Parliament of the United Kingdom. The Scottish Parliament has the power to legislate in all areas that are not explicitly reserved to Westminster. The British Parliament retains the ability to amend the terms of reference of the Scottish Parliament, and can extend or reduce the areas in which it can make laws. The first meeting of the new Parliament took place on 12 May 1999.
The Scottish Parliament may legislate as it pleases as long as the powers aren't already reserved by where?
[ "Westminster", "Westminster", "Westminster" ]
[ 499, 499, 499 ]
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In World War II, Charles de Gaulle and the Free French used the overseas colonies as bases from which they fought to liberate France. However after 1945 anti-colonial movements began to challenge the Empire. France fought and lost a bitter war in Vietnam in the 1950s. Whereas they won the war in Algeria, the French leader at the time, Charles de Gaulle, decided to grant Algeria independence anyway in 1962. Its settlers and many local supporters relocated to France. Nearly all of France's colonies gained independence by 1960, but France retained great financial and diplomatic influence. It has repeatedly sent troops to assist its former colonies in Africa in suppressing insurrections and coups d’état.
By when did most of France's Colonies gain independence?
[ "1960", "1960", "1960", "1960", "1960" ]
[ 525, 525, 525, 525, 525 ]
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[ "Imperialism", "Imperialism", "Imperialism", "Imperialism", "Imperialism" ]
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LeGrande writes that "the formulation of a single all-encompassing definition of the term is extremely difficult, if not impossible. In reviewing the voluminous literature on the subject, the student of civil disobedience rapidly finds himself surrounded by a maze of semantical problems and grammatical niceties. Like Alice in Wonderland, he often finds that specific terminology has no more (or no less) meaning than the individual orator intends it to have." He encourages a distinction between lawful protest demonstration, nonviolent civil disobedience, and violent civil disobedience.
Le grand asks for a variance of what three terms?
[ "lawful protest demonstration, nonviolent civil disobedience, and violent civil disobedience", "lawful protest demonstration, nonviolent civil disobedience, and violent civil disobedience", "lawful protest demonstration, nonviolent civil disobedience, and violent civil disobedience", "lawful protest demonstration, nonviolent civil disobedience, and violent civil disobedience", "lawful protest demonstration, nonviolent civil disobedience, and violent civil disobedience" ]
[ 498, 498, 498, 498, 498 ]
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[ "Civil_disobedience", "Civil_disobedience", "Civil_disobedience", "Civil_disobedience", "Civil_disobedience" ]
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At this time, none of the tribal confederations of Mongolia were united politically, and arranged marriages were often used to solidify temporary alliances. Temüjin grew up observing the tough political climate of Mongolia, which included tribal warfare, thievery, raids, corruption, and continual acts of revenge carried out between the various confederations, all compounded by interference from foreign forces such as the Chinese dynasties to the south. Temüjin's mother Hoelun taught him many lessons about the unstable political climate of Mongolia, especially the need for alliances.
Which foreign forces often meddled in the Mongolian political scene?
[ "Chinese dynasties", "Chinese dynasties to the south", "the Chinese dynasties to the south" ]
[ 425, 425, 421 ]
[ "5726a784708984140094cd01", "5726a784708984140094cd01", "5726a784708984140094cd01" ]
[ "Genghis_Khan", "Genghis_Khan", "Genghis_Khan" ]
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The three-stage Saturn V was designed to send a fully fueled CSM and LM to the Moon. It was 33 feet (10.1 m) in diameter and stood 363 feet (110.6 m) tall with its 96,800-pound (43,900 kg) lunar payload. Its capability grew to 103,600 pounds (47,000 kg) for the later advanced lunar landings. The S-IC first stage burned RP-1/LOX for a rated thrust of 7,500,000 pounds-force (33,400 kN), which was upgraded to 7,610,000 pounds-force (33,900 kN). The second and third stages burned liquid hydrogen, and the third stage was a modified version of the S-IVB, with thrust increased to 230,000 lbf (1,020 kN) and capability to restart the engine for translunar injection after reaching a parking orbit.
How many stages did the Saturn V end up having?
[ "three", "three-stage", "three", "three", "third" ]
[ 4, 4, 4, 4, 506 ]
[ "5725d403ec44d21400f3d65d", "5725d403ec44d21400f3d65d", "5725d403ec44d21400f3d65d", "5725d403ec44d21400f3d65d", "5725d403ec44d21400f3d65d" ]
[ "Apollo_program", "Apollo_program", "Apollo_program", "Apollo_program", "Apollo_program" ]
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In the early 1970s, ABC completed its transition to color; the decade as a whole would mark a turning point for ABC, as it began to pass CBS and NBC in the ratings to become the first place network. It also began to use behavioral and demographic data to better determine what types of sponsors to sell advertising slots to and provide programming that would appeal towards certain audiences. ABC's gains in audience share were greatly helped by the fact that several smaller markets had grown large enough to allow full-time affiliations from all three networks.
In what decade did ABC finish transitioning to color?
[ "early 1970s", "1970s", "1970s" ]
[ 7, 13, 13 ]
[ "572743fb708984140094db93", "572743fb708984140094db93", "572743fb708984140094db93" ]
[ "American_Broadcasting_Company", "American_Broadcasting_Company", "American_Broadcasting_Company" ]
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It was not until January 1518 that friends of Luther translated the 95 Theses from Latin into German and printed and widely copied them, making the controversy one of the first in history to be aided by the printing press. Within two weeks, copies of the theses had spread throughout Germany; within two months, they had spread throughout Europe.
What device was one of the first to aid a controversy?
[ "printing press", "printing press", "printing press." ]
[ 207, 207, 207 ]
[ "56f8074faef2371900625d7a", "56f8074faef2371900625d7a", "56f8074faef2371900625d7a" ]
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In addition to arguing that the rat population was insufficient to account for a bubonic plague pandemic, sceptics of the bubonic plague theory point out that the symptoms of the Black Death are not unique (and arguably in some accounts may differ from bubonic plague); that transference via fleas in goods was likely to be of marginal significance; and that the DNA results may be flawed and might not have been repeated elsewhere, despite extensive samples from other mass graves. Other arguments include the lack of accounts of the death of rats before outbreaks of plague between the 14th and 17th centuries; temperatures that are too cold in northern Europe for the survival of fleas; that, despite primitive transport systems, the spread of the Black Death was much faster than that of modern bubonic plague; that mortality rates of the Black Death appear to be very high; that, while modern bubonic plague is largely endemic as a rural disease, the Black Death indiscriminately struck urban and rural areas; and that the pattern of the Black Death, with major outbreaks in the same areas separated by 5 to 15 years, differs from modern bubonic plague—which often becomes endemic for decades with annual flare-ups.
How significant was the transfer of disease through fleas?
[ "marginal", "marginal", "of marginal significance" ]
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Chemical barriers also protect against infection. The skin and respiratory tract secrete antimicrobial peptides such as the β-defensins. Enzymes such as lysozyme and phospholipase A2 in saliva, tears, and breast milk are also antibacterials. Vaginal secretions serve as a chemical barrier following menarche, when they become slightly acidic, while semen contains defensins and zinc to kill pathogens. In the stomach, gastric acid and proteases serve as powerful chemical defenses against ingested pathogens.
What enzymes in saliva are antibacterial in nature?
[ "lysozyme and phospholipase A2", "lysozyme", "lysozyme and phospholipase A2" ]
[ 153, 153, 153 ]
[ "5728fc2eaf94a219006a9ec8", "5728fc2eaf94a219006a9ec8", "5728fc2eaf94a219006a9ec8" ]
[ "Immune_system", "Immune_system", "Immune_system" ]
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The United Methodist Church has since 1985 been exploring a possible merger with three historically African-American Methodist denominations: the African Methodist Episcopal Church, the African Methodist Episcopal Zion Church, and the Christian Methodist Episcopal Church. A Commission on Pan Methodist Cooperation and Union formed in 2000 to carry out work on such a merger. In May 2012, The United Methodist Church entered into full communion with the African Methodist Episcopal Church, African Methodist Episcopal Zion Church, African Union Methodist Protestant Church, Christian Methodist Episcopal Church, and Union American Methodist Episcopal Church, in which these Churches agreed to "recognize each other's churches, share sacraments, and affirm their clergy and ministries."
In what year was the Commission on Pan Methodist Cooperation and Union formed?
[ "2000", "2000", "2000" ]
[ 335, 335, 335 ]
[ "5730ea71b54a4f140068cce4", "5730ea71b54a4f140068cce4", "5730ea71b54a4f140068cce4" ]
[ "United_Methodist_Church", "United_Methodist_Church", "United_Methodist_Church" ]
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The flora of the city may be considered very rich in species. The species richness is mainly due to the location of Warsaw within the border region of several big floral regions comprising substantial proportions of close-to-wilderness areas (natural forests, wetlands along the Vistula) as well as arable land, meadows and forests. Bielany Forest, located within the borders of Warsaw, is the remaining part of the Masovian Primeval Forest. Bielany Forest nature reserve is connected with Kampinos Forest. It is home to rich fauna and flora. Within the forest there are three cycling and walking trails. Other big forest area is Kabaty Forest by the southern city border. Warsaw has also two botanic gardens: by the Łazienki park (a didactic-research unit of the University of Warsaw) as well as by the Park of Culture and Rest in Powsin (a unit of the Polish Academy of Science).
What forest is by Warsaw's southern border?
[ "Kabaty", "Kabaty", "Kabaty Forest" ]
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[ "573368e54776f41900660a56", "573368e54776f41900660a56", "573368e54776f41900660a56" ]
[ "Warsaw", "Warsaw", "Warsaw" ]
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Neutrophils and macrophages are phagocytes that travel throughout the body in pursuit of invading pathogens. Neutrophils are normally found in the bloodstream and are the most abundant type of phagocyte, normally representing 50% to 60% of the total circulating leukocytes. During the acute phase of inflammation, particularly as a result of bacterial infection, neutrophils migrate toward the site of inflammation in a process called chemotaxis, and are usually the first cells to arrive at the scene of infection. Macrophages are versatile cells that reside within tissues and produce a wide array of chemicals including enzymes, complement proteins, and regulatory factors such as interleukin 1. Macrophages also act as scavengers, ridding the body of worn-out cells and other debris, and as antigen-presenting cells that activate the adaptive immune system.
What percentage of leukocytes do neutrophils represent?
[ "50% to 60%", "50% to 60%", "50% to 60%" ]
[ 226, 226, 226 ]
[ "5729081d3f37b31900477fad", "5729081d3f37b31900477fad", "5729081d3f37b31900477fad" ]
[ "Immune_system", "Immune_system", "Immune_system" ]
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Free movement of goods within the European Union is achieved by a customs union, and the principle of non-discrimination. The EU manages imports from non-member states, duties between member states are prohibited, and imports circulate freely. In addition under the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union article 34, ‘Quantitative restrictions on imports and all measures having equivalent effect shall be prohibited between Member States’. In Procureur du Roi v Dassonville the Court of Justice held that this rule meant all "trading rules" that are "enacted by Member States" which could hinder trade "directly or indirectly, actually or potentially" would be caught by article 34. This meant that a Belgian law requiring Scotch whisky imports to have a certificate of origin was unlikely to be lawful. It discriminated against parallel importers like Mr Dassonville, who could not get certificates from authorities in France, where they bought the Scotch. This "wide test", to determine what could potentially be an unlawful restriction on trade, applies equally to actions by quasi-government bodies, such as the former "Buy Irish" company that had government appointees. It also means states can be responsible for private actors. For instance, in Commission v France French farmer vigilantes were continually sabotaging shipments of Spanish strawberries, and even Belgian tomato imports. France was liable for these hindrances to trade because the authorities ‘manifestly and persistently abstained' from preventing the sabotage. Generally speaking, if a member state has laws or practices that directly discriminate against imports (or exports under TFEU article 35) then it must be justified under article 36. The justifications include public morality, policy or security, "protection of health and life of humans, animals or plants", "national treasures" of "artistic, historic or archaeological value" and "industrial and commercial property." In addition, although not clearly listed, environmental protection can justify restrictions on trade as an overriding requirement derived from TFEU article 11. More generally, it has been increasingly acknowledged that fundamental human rights should take priority over all trade rules. So, in Schmidberger v Austria the Court of Justice held that Austria did not infringe article 34 by failing to ban a protest that blocked heavy traffic passing over the A13, Brenner Autobahn, en route to Italy. Although many companies, including Mr Schmidberger's German undertaking, were prevented from trading, the Court of Justice reasoned that freedom of association is one of the ‘fundamental pillars of a democratic society’, against which the free movement of goods had to be balanced, and was probably subordinate. If a member state does appeal to the article 36 justification, the measures it takes have to be applied proportionately. This means the rule must be pursue a legitimate aim and (1) be suitable to achieve the aim, (2) be necessary, so that a less restrictive measure could not achieve the same result, and (3) be reasonable in balancing the interests of free trade with interests in article 36.
Article 34 meant states could be responsible for what?
[ "private actors", "private actors", "private actors" ]
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However, a problem emerged regarding the directions taken by ABC and UPT. In 1950, Noble appointed Robert Kintner to be ABC's president while he himself served as its CEO, a position he would hold until his death in 1958. Despite the promise of non-interference between ABC and UPT, Goldenson had to intervene in ABC's decisions because of financial problems and the FCC's long period of indecision. Goldenson added to the confusion when, in October 1954, he proposed a merger between UPT and the DuMont Television Network, which was also mired in financial trouble. As part of this merger, the network would have been renamed "ABC-DuMont" for five years, and DuMont would have received $5 million in cash, room on the schedule for existing DuMont programming, and guaranteed advertising time for DuMont Laboratories receivers. In addition, to comply with FCC ownership restrictions, it would have been required to sell either WABC-TV or DuMont owned-and-operated station WABD in the New York City market, as well as two other stations. The merged ABC-DuMont would have had the resources to compete with CBS and NBC.
Who was appointed to be ABC's president by Noble in 1950?
[ "Robert Kintner", "Robert Kintner", "Robert Kintner" ]
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The most frequent musical contributor during the first 15 years was Dudley Simpson, who is also well known for his theme and incidental music for Blake's 7, and for his haunting theme music and score for the original 1970s version of The Tomorrow People. Simpson's first Doctor Who score was Planet of Giants (1964) and he went on to write music for many adventures of the 1960s and 1970s, including most of the stories of the Jon Pertwee/Tom Baker periods, ending with The Horns of Nimon (1979). He also made a cameo appearance in The Talons of Weng-Chiang (as a Music hall conductor).
What was the episode name of Simpson's first Doctor Who score?
[ "Planet of Giants", "Planet of Giants", "Planet of Giants" ]
[ 292, 292, 292 ]
[ "57281a952ca10214002d9deb", "57281a952ca10214002d9deb", "57281a952ca10214002d9deb" ]
[ "Doctor_Who", "Doctor_Who", "Doctor_Who" ]
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Starting in 1965, Donald Davies at the National Physical Laboratory, UK, independently developed the same message routing methodology as developed by Baran. He called it packet switching, a more accessible name than Baran's, and proposed to build a nationwide network in the UK. He gave a talk on the proposal in 1966, after which a person from the Ministry of Defence (MoD) told him about Baran's work. A member of Davies' team (Roger Scantlebury) met Lawrence Roberts at the 1967 ACM Symposium on Operating System Principles and suggested it for use in the ARPANET.
Who developed the same technology as Baran
[ "Donald Davies", "Donald Davies", "Donald Davies" ]
[ 18, 18, 18 ]
[ "5726378238643c19005ad313", "5726378238643c19005ad313", "5726378238643c19005ad313" ]
[ "Packet_switching", "Packet_switching", "Packet_switching" ]
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The most basic method of checking the primality of a given integer n is called trial division. This routine consists of dividing n by each integer m that is greater than 1 and less than or equal to the square root of n. If the result of any of these divisions is an integer, then n is not a prime, otherwise it is a prime. Indeed, if is composite (with a and b ≠ 1) then one of the factors a or b is necessarily at most . For example, for , the trial divisions are by m = 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6. None of these numbers divides 37, so 37 is prime. This routine can be implemented more efficiently if a complete list of primes up to is known—then trial divisions need to be checked only for those m that are prime. For example, to check the primality of 37, only three divisions are necessary (m = 2, 3, and 5), given that 4 and 6 are composite.
Trial division involves dividing n by every integer m greater than what?
[ "1", "1", "is greater than 1 and less than or equal to the square root of n", "1", "greater than 1" ]
[ 170, 170, 154, 170, 157 ]
[ "57297bc9af94a219006aa4c9", "57297bc9af94a219006aa4c9", "57297bc9af94a219006aa4c9", "57297bc9af94a219006aa4c9", "57297bc9af94a219006aa4c9" ]
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These attacks resonated with conservative Muslims and the problem did not go away with Saddam's defeat either, since American troops remained stationed in the kingdom, and a de facto cooperation with the Palestinian-Israeli peace process developed. Saudi Arabia attempted to compensate for its loss of prestige among these groups by repressing those domestic Islamists who attacked it (bin Laden being a prime example), and increasing aid to Islamic groups (Islamist madrassas around the world and even aiding some violent Islamist groups) that did not, but its pre-war influence on behalf of moderation was greatly reduced. One result of this was a campaign of attacks on government officials and tourists in Egypt, a bloody civil war in Algeria and Osama bin Laden's terror attacks climaxing in the 9/11 attack.
What did Saudi Arabia try to repress to compensate for its loss of stature?
[ "domestic Islamists", "domestic Islamists", "domestic Islamists" ]
[ 350, 350, 350 ]
[ "573010fab2c2fd14005687d9", "573010fab2c2fd14005687d9", "573010fab2c2fd14005687d9" ]
[ "Islamism", "Islamism", "Islamism" ]
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Tesla served as a vice president of the American Institute of Electrical Engineers, the forerunner (along with the Institute of Radio Engineers) of the modern-day IEEE, from 1892 to 1894.
What position did Tesla hold in the American Institute of Electrical Engineers?
[ "vice president", "vice president", "vice president" ]
[ 18, 18, 18 ]
[ "56e0f019231d4119001ac470", "56e0f019231d4119001ac470", "56e0f019231d4119001ac470" ]
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The final years of the Yuan dynasty were marked by struggle, famine, and bitterness among the populace. In time, Kublai Khan's successors lost all influence on other Mongol lands across Asia, while the Mongols beyond the Middle Kingdom saw them as too Chinese. Gradually, they lost influence in China as well. The reigns of the later Yuan emperors were short and marked by intrigues and rivalries. Uninterested in administration, they were separated from both the army and the populace, and China was torn by dissension and unrest. Outlaws ravaged the country without interference from the weakening Yuan armies.
What problems did the Yuan dynasty have near its end?
[ "struggle, famine, and bitterness", "struggle, famine, and bitterness", "struggle, famine, and bitterness" ]
[ 51, 51, 51 ]
[ "572872822ca10214002da374", "572872822ca10214002da374", "572872822ca10214002da374" ]
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Greater London has over 900,000 Muslims, (most of South Asian origins and concentrated in the East London boroughs of Newham, Tower Hamlets and Waltham Forest), and among them are some with a strong Islamist outlook. Their presence, combined with a perceived British policy of allowing them free rein, heightened by exposés such as the 2007 Channel 4 documentary programme Undercover Mosque, has given rise to the term Londonistan. Following the 9/11 attacks, however, Abu Hamza al-Masri, the imam of the Finsbury Park Mosque, was arrested and charged with incitement to terrorism which has caused many Islamists to leave the UK to avoid internment.[citation needed]
When did the Channel 4 documentary Undercover Mosque air?
[ "2007", "2007", "2007" ]
[ 336, 336, 336 ]
[ "57302faa04bcaa1900d77313", "57302faa04bcaa1900d77313", "57302faa04bcaa1900d77313" ]
[ "Islamism", "Islamism", "Islamism" ]
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In 1501, at the age of 19, he entered the University of Erfurt, which he later described as a beerhouse and whorehouse. He was made to wake at four every morning for what has been described as "a day of rote learning and often wearying spiritual exercises." He received his master's degree in 1505.
Where did Martin Luther go to school?
[ "University of Erfurt", "University of Erfurt", "University of Erfurt" ]
[ 42, 42, 42 ]
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The bulk of Huguenot émigrés relocated to Protestant European nations such as England, Wales, Scotland, Denmark, Sweden, Switzerland, the Dutch Republic, the Electorate of Brandenburg and Electorate of the Palatinate in the Holy Roman Empire, the Duchy of Prussia, the Channel Islands, and Ireland. They also spread beyond Europe to the Dutch Cape Colony in South Africa, the Dutch East Indies, the Caribbean, and several of the English colonies of North America, and Quebec, where they were accepted and allowed to worship freely.
What general religious belief did the nations that received Huguenot refugees have in common?
[ "Protestant", "Protestant", "Protestant" ]
[ 42, 42, 42 ]
[ "5711119cb654c5140001fae4", "5711119cb654c5140001fae4", "5711119cb654c5140001fae4" ]
[ "Huguenot", "Huguenot", "Huguenot" ]
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The Rhine emerges from Lake Constance, flows generally westward, as the Hochrhein, passes the Rhine Falls, and is joined by its major tributary, the river Aare. The Aare more than doubles the Rhine's water discharge, to an average of nearly 1,000 m3/s (35,000 cu ft/s), and provides more than a fifth of the discharge at the Dutch border. The Aare also contains the waters from the 4,274 m (14,022 ft) summit of Finsteraarhorn, the highest point of the Rhine basin. The Rhine roughly forms the German-Swiss border from Lake Constance with the exceptions of the canton of Schaffhausen and parts of the cantons of Zürich and Basel-Stadt, until it turns north at the so-called Rhine knee at Basel, leaving Switzerland.
Where is the so-called Rhine Knee?
[ "Basel, leaving Switzerland", "Basel", "Basel" ]
[ 688, 688, 688 ]
[ "572f609ca23a5019007fc5b3", "572f609ca23a5019007fc5b3", "572f609ca23a5019007fc5b3" ]
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There are many forms of spiritual or religious teachers in Christianity, across all three major traditions - (Roman) Catholic, (Eastern) Orthodox Catholic, and Protestant/Non-Denominational, with a stronger tradition of spiritual formation in the more historic and authoritarian/hierarchical Christian traditions with a long tradition of "discernment of spirits", of vocations, and other aspects of spiritual life, especially the Roman and Orthodox Catholic Churches. These positions include: the honoured but informal position of starets or elder - a man (or, less often, woman), often a monastic, considered to be graced by God with certain gifts for the guidance of souls and the detection and correction of prelest (spiritual pride or deception) - who acts as a spiritual guide or father in the Orthodox Catholic tradition, especially Russian Orthodoxy (see Optina Monastery, which had a long line of said starets); the Priest or Confessor in Roman Catholicism, who is often a man in Holy Orders but may be a monastic or other person respected for his spiritual accomplishments or acumen (even the Pope of Rome has a Confessor, who is not always a bishop, and, due to the hierarchical structure of the Roman Church, can not be his equal in authority), which is often a semi-official to official position, as opposed to the unofficial positions of spiritual guides in the Orthodox Catholic and Protestant traditions; and the almost-exclusively informal arrangements (generally formal only in members who are under some form of church discipline) of mentorship (both of adults and children, in the latter case often a youth pastor) in the Protestant and Non-Denominational traditions, which boundaries can be blurred with the more typically Roman "confessor" position in some of the more historic and conservative Reformation Churches, such as some of the Lutheran and Anglican. In keeping with the individualistic nature of most Protestant denominations, the emphasis on being guided in spiritual development is small, with a heavy emphasis placed on heavy reading and personal, Spirit-enlightened interpretation of the Holy Bible.
How many types of religious or spiritual teachers are there in Christianity?
[ "many", "many", "three" ]
[ 10, 10, 84 ]
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[ "Teacher", "Teacher", "Teacher" ]
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In February 2010, in response to controversies regarding claims in the Fourth Assessment Report, five climate scientists – all contributing or lead IPCC report authors – wrote in the journal Nature calling for changes to the IPCC. They suggested a range of new organizational options, from tightening the selection of lead authors and contributors, to dumping it in favor of a small permanent body, or even turning the whole climate science assessment process into a moderated "living" Wikipedia-IPCC. Other recommendations included that the panel employ a full-time staff and remove government oversight from its processes to avoid political interference.
Where was the Feb 2010 call for change published?
[ "the journal Nature", "the journal Nature", "the journal Nature" ]
[ 179, 179, 179 ]
[ "572951f16aef051400154ccf", "572951f16aef051400154ccf", "572951f16aef051400154ccf" ]
[ "Intergovernmental_Panel_on_Climate_Change", "Intergovernmental_Panel_on_Climate_Change", "Intergovernmental_Panel_on_Climate_Change" ]
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Ranging from about 1 millimeter (0.039 in) to 1.5 meters (4.9 ft) in size, ctenophores are the largest non-colonial animals that use cilia ("hairs") as their main method of locomotion. Most species have eight strips, called comb rows, that run the length of their bodies and bear comb-like bands of cilia, called "ctenes," stacked along the comb rows so that when the cilia beat, those of each comb touch the comb below. The name "ctenophora" means "comb-bearing", from the Greek κτείς (stem-form κτεν-) meaning "comb" and the Greek suffix -φορος meaning "carrying".
What does ctenophore mean in Greek?
[ "\"comb\" and the Greek suffix -φορος meaning \"carrying\"", "comb-bearing", "comb-bearing" ]
[ 512, 450, 450 ]
[ "572648e8dd62a815002e8079", "572648e8dd62a815002e8079", "572648e8dd62a815002e8079" ]
[ "Ctenophora", "Ctenophora", "Ctenophora" ]
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Agriculture is the second largest contributor to Kenya's gross domestic product (GDP), after the service sector. In 2005 agriculture, including forestry and fishing, accounted for 24% of GDP, as well as for 18% of wage employment and 50% of revenue from exports. The principal cash crops are tea, horticultural produce, and coffee. Horticultural produce and tea are the main growth sectors and the two most valuable of all of Kenya's exports. The production of major food staples such as corn is subject to sharp weather-related fluctuations. Production downturns periodically necessitate food aid—for example, in 2004 aid for 1.8 million people because of one of Kenya's intermittent droughts.[citation needed]
What can cause fluctuations in the production of corn?
[ "weather-related fluctuations", "weather-related", "weather" ]
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[ "572918bd3f37b31900478018", "572918bd3f37b31900478018", "572918bd3f37b31900478018" ]
[ "Kenya", "Kenya", "Kenya" ]
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One of the earliest surviving examples of European quilting, the late 14th-century Sicilian Tristan Quilt, is also held by the collection. The collection has numerous examples of various types of textiles designed by William Morris, including, embroidery, woven fabrics, tapestries (Including 'The Forest' tapestry of 1887), rugs and carpets, as well as pattern books and paper designs. The art deco period is covered by rugs and fabrics designed by Marion Dorn. From the same period there is a rug designed by Serge Chermayeff.
The Art Deco period of textiles works is represented by which American artist?
[ "Marion Dorn", "Marion Dorn", "Marion Dorn" ]
[ 450, 450, 450 ]
[ "57270676dd62a815002e97f3", "57270676dd62a815002e97f3", "57270676dd62a815002e97f3" ]
[ "Victoria_and_Albert_Museum", "Victoria_and_Albert_Museum", "Victoria_and_Albert_Museum" ]
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In the spring of 1753, Paul Marin de la Malgue was given command of a 2,000-man force of Troupes de la Marine and Indians. His orders were to protect the King's land in the Ohio Valley from the British. Marin followed the route that Céloron had mapped out four years earlier, but where Céloron had limited the record of French claims to the burial of lead plates, Marin constructed and garrisoned forts. He first constructed Fort Presque Isle (near present-day Erie, Pennsylvania) on Lake Erie's south shore. He had a road built to the headwaters of LeBoeuf Creek. Marin constructed a second fort at Fort Le Boeuf (present-day Waterford, Pennsylvania), designed to guard the headwaters of LeBoeuf Creek. As he moved south, he drove off or captured British traders, alarming both the British and the Iroquois. Tanaghrisson, a chief of the Mingo, who were remnants of Iroquois and other tribes who had been driven west by colonial expansion. He intensely disliked the French (whom he accused of killing and eating his father). Traveling to Fort Le Boeuf, he threatened the French with military action, which Marin contemptuously dismissed.
Where did Marin build first fort?
[ "Fort Presque Isle", "near present-day Erie, Pennsylvania", "near present-day Erie, Pennsylvania", "Fort Presque Isle", "Fort Presque Isle (near present-day Erie, Pennsylvania" ]
[ 425, 444, 444, 425, 425 ]
[ "5733ea04d058e614000b6595", "5733ea04d058e614000b6595", "5733ea04d058e614000b6595", "5733ea04d058e614000b6595", "5733ea04d058e614000b6595" ]
[ "French_and_Indian_War", "French_and_Indian_War", "French_and_Indian_War", "French_and_Indian_War", "French_and_Indian_War" ]
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However, in 1883–84 Germany began to build a colonial empire in Africa and the South Pacific, before losing interest in imperialism. Historians have debated exactly why Germany made this sudden and short-lived move.[verification needed] Bismarck was aware that public opinion had started to demand colonies for reasons of German prestige. He was influenced by Hamburg merchants and traders, his neighbors at Friedrichsruh. The establishment of the German colonial empire proceeded smoothly, starting with German New Guinea in 1884.
What was the name of the first German settlement?
[ "German New Guinea", "German New Guinea", "German New Guinea", "German New Guinea", "New Guinea" ]
[ 505, 505, 505, 505, 512 ]
[ "5730aef38ab72b1400f9c684", "5730aef38ab72b1400f9c684", "5730aef38ab72b1400f9c684", "5730aef38ab72b1400f9c684", "5730aef38ab72b1400f9c684" ]
[ "Imperialism", "Imperialism", "Imperialism", "Imperialism", "Imperialism" ]
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Diseases of poverty directly correlate with a country's economic performance and wealth distribution: Half of Kenyans live below the poverty level. Preventable diseases like malaria, HIV/AIDS, pneumonia, diarrhoea and malnutrition are the biggest burden, major child-killers, and responsible for much morbidity; weak policies, corruption, inadequate health workers, weak management and poor leadership in the public health sector are largely to blame. According to 2009 estimates, HIV prevalence is about 6.3% of the adult population. However, the 2011 UNAIDS Report suggests that the HIV epidemic may be improving in Kenya, as HIV prevalence is declining among young people (ages 15–24) and pregnant women. Kenya had an estimated 15 million cases of malaria in 2006.
How many Kenyans are living below the poverty level?
[ "Half", "Half", "Half" ]
[ 102, 102, 102 ]
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In the meantime, on August 1, 1774, an experiment conducted by the British clergyman Joseph Priestley focused sunlight on mercuric oxide (HgO) inside a glass tube, which liberated a gas he named "dephlogisticated air". He noted that candles burned brighter in the gas and that a mouse was more active and lived longer while breathing it. After breathing the gas himself, he wrote: "The feeling of it to my lungs was not sensibly different from that of common air, but I fancied that my breast felt peculiarly light and easy for some time afterwards." Priestley published his findings in 1775 in a paper titled "An Account of Further Discoveries in Air" which was included in the second volume of his book titled Experiments and Observations on Different Kinds of Air. Because he published his findings first, Priestley is usually given priority in the discovery.
What chemical did Priestley use in his experiments on oxygen?
[ "mercuric oxide", "mercuric oxide", "mercuric oxide", "mercuric oxide (HgO)", "mercuric oxide" ]
[ 122, 122, 122, 122, 122 ]
[ "571c4132dd7acb1400e4c0b0", "571c4132dd7acb1400e4c0b0", "571c4132dd7acb1400e4c0b0", "571c4132dd7acb1400e4c0b0", "571c4132dd7acb1400e4c0b0" ]
[ "Oxygen", "Oxygen", "Oxygen", "Oxygen", "Oxygen" ]
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Cryptophytes, or cryptomonads are a group of algae that contain a red-algal derived chloroplast. Cryptophyte chloroplasts contain a nucleomorph that superficially resembles that of the chlorarachniophytes. Cryptophyte chloroplasts have four membranes, the outermost of which is continuous with the rough endoplasmic reticulum. They synthesize ordinary starch, which is stored in granules found in the periplastid space—outside the original double membrane, in the place that corresponds to the red alga's cytoplasm. Inside cryptophyte chloroplasts is a pyrenoid and thylakoids in stacks of two.
What is another word for cryptophytes?
[ "cryptomonads", "cryptomonads", "cryptomonads" ]
[ 17, 17, 17 ]
[ "572963221d04691400779385", "572963221d04691400779385", "572963221d04691400779385" ]
[ "Chloroplast", "Chloroplast", "Chloroplast" ]
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During the 1970s and sometimes later, Western and pro-Western governments often supported sometimes fledgling Islamists and Islamist groups that later came to be seen as dangerous enemies. Islamists were considered by Western governments bulwarks against—what were thought to be at the time—more dangerous leftist/communist/nationalist insurgents/opposition, which Islamists were correctly seen as opposing. The US spent billions of dollars to aid the mujahideen Muslim Afghanistan enemies of the Soviet Union, and non-Afghan veterans of the war returned home with their prestige, "experience, ideology, and weapons", and had considerable impact.
Western governments considered Islamists to be the lesser of two evils when compared to whom?
[ "communist", "leftist/communist/nationalist insurgents/opposition", "leftist/communist/nationalist insurgents/opposition" ]
[ 314, 306, 306 ]
[ "572ffbaa947a6a140053cee8", "572ffbaa947a6a140053cee8", "572ffbaa947a6a140053cee8" ]
[ "Islamism", "Islamism", "Islamism" ]
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Despite waiving longtime running back DeAngelo Williams and losing top wide receiver Kelvin Benjamin to a torn ACL in the preseason, the Carolina Panthers had their best regular season in franchise history, becoming the seventh team to win at least 15 regular season games since the league expanded to a 16-game schedule in 1978. Carolina started the season 14–0, not only setting franchise records for the best start and the longest single-season winning streak, but also posting the best start to a season by an NFC team in NFL history, breaking the 13–0 record previously shared with the 2009 New Orleans Saints and the 2011 Green Bay Packers. With their NFC-best 15–1 regular season record, the Panthers clinched home-field advantage throughout the NFC playoffs for the first time in franchise history. Ten players were selected to the Pro Bowl (the most in franchise history) along with eight All-Pro selections.
What Panther tore his ACL in the preseason?
[ "Benjamin", "Kelvin Benjamin", "Kelvin Benjamin" ]
[ 92, 85, 85 ]
[ "56beb3083aeaaa14008c9241", "56beb3083aeaaa14008c9241", "56beb3083aeaaa14008c9241" ]
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For most of human history higher material living standards – full stomachs, access to clean water and warmth from fuel – led to better health and longer lives. This pattern of higher incomes-longer lives still holds among poorer countries, where life expectancy increases rapidly as per capita income increases, but in recent decades it has slowed down among middle income countries and plateaued among the richest thirty or so countries in the world. Americans live no longer on average (about 77 years in 2004) than Greeks (78 years) or New Zealanders (78), though the USA has a higher GDP per capita. Life expectancy in Sweden (80 years) and Japan (82) – where income was more equally distributed – was longer.
What increases rapidly as per capita income increases?
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After a punt from both teams, Carolina got on track with a 9-play, 73-yard scoring drive. Newton completed 4 of 4 passes for 51 yards and rushed twice for 25 yards, while Jonathan Stewart finished the drive with a 1-yard touchdown run, cutting the score to 10–7 with 11:28 left in the second quarter. Later on, Broncos receiver Jordan Norwood received Brad Nortman's short 28-yard punt surrounded by Panthers players, but none of them attempted to make a tackle, apparently thinking Norwood had called a fair catch. Norwood had not done so, and with no resistance around him, he took off for a Super Bowl record 61-yard return before Mario Addison dragged him down on the Panthers 14-yard line. Despite Denver's excellent field position, they could not get the ball into the end zone, so McManus kicked a 33-yard field goal that increased their lead to 13–7.
How many yards did Brad Nortman's punt travel?
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Some Normans joined Turkish forces to aid in the destruction of the Armenians vassal-states of Sassoun and Taron in far eastern Anatolia. Later, many took up service with the Armenian state further south in Cilicia and the Taurus Mountains. A Norman named Oursel led a force of "Franks" into the upper Euphrates valley in northern Syria. From 1073 to 1074, 8,000 of the 20,000 troops of the Armenian general Philaretus Brachamius were Normans—formerly of Oursel—led by Raimbaud. They even lent their ethnicity to the name of their castle: Afranji, meaning "Franks." The known trade between Amalfi and Antioch and between Bari and Tarsus may be related to the presence of Italo-Normans in those cities while Amalfi and Bari were under Norman rule in Italy.
Who did the Normans team up with in Anatolia?
[ "Turkish forces", "Turkish forces", "Turkish forces" ]
[ 20, 20, 20 ]
[ "56de10b44396321400ee2595", "56de10b44396321400ee2595", "56de10b44396321400ee2595" ]
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East and Central Africa's biggest economy has posted tremendous growth in the service sector, boosted by rapid expansion in telecommunication and financial activity over the last decade, and now[when?] contributes 62% of GDP. 22% of GDP still comes from the unreliable agricultural sector which employs 75% of the labour force (a consistent characteristic of under-developed economies that have not attained food security – an important catalyst of economic growth) A small portion of the population relies on food aid.[citation needed] Industry and manufacturing is the smallest sector, accounting for 16% of GDP. The service, industry and manufacturing sectors only employ 25% of the labour force but contribute 75% of GDP.
What percent of the labor force work in agriculture?
[ "75% of the labour force", "75%", "75%" ]
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[ "572917743f37b3190047800e", "572917743f37b3190047800e", "572917743f37b3190047800e" ]
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The right to create private schools in Germany is in Article 7, Paragraph 4 of the Grundgesetz and cannot be suspended even in a state of emergency. It is also not possible to abolish these rights. This unusual protection of private schools was implemented to protect these schools from a second Gleichschaltung or similar event in the future. Still, they are less common than in many other countries. Overall, between 1992 and 2008 the percent of pupils in such schools in Germany increased from 6.1% to 7.8% (including rise from 0.5% to 6.1% in the former GDR). Percent of students in private high schools reached 11.1%.
In 1992, what percentage of East German students attended private schools?
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To the east is the Colorado Desert and the Colorado River at the border with Arizona, and the Mojave Desert at the border with the state of Nevada. To the south is the Mexico–United States border.
What is the name of the desert on the border of Arizona?
[ "Colorado Desert", "the Colorado Desert", "Colorado Desert" ]
[ 19, 15, 19 ]
[ "5705e4fe75f01819005e7705", "5705e4fe75f01819005e7705", "5705e4fe75f01819005e7705" ]
[ "Southern_California", "Southern_California", "Southern_California" ]
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A further type of committee is normally set up to scrutinise private bills submitted to the Scottish Parliament by an outside party or promoter who is not a member of the Scottish Parliament or Scottish Government. Private bills normally relate to large-scale development projects such as infrastructure projects that require the use of land or property. Private Bill Committees have been set up to consider legislation on issues such as the development of the Edinburgh Tram Network, the Glasgow Airport Rail Link, the Airdrie-Bathgate Rail Link and extensions to the National Gallery of Scotland.
Who decides how land or property is allowed to be used?
[ "Private Bill Committees", "Committees", "Scottish Government." ]
[ 355, 368, 194 ]
[ "572fc8a904bcaa1900d76d21", "572fc8a904bcaa1900d76d21", "572fc8a904bcaa1900d76d21" ]
[ "Scottish_Parliament", "Scottish_Parliament", "Scottish_Parliament" ]
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Chloroplasts are highly dynamic—they circulate and are moved around within plant cells, and occasionally pinch in two to reproduce. Their behavior is strongly influenced by environmental factors like light color and intensity. Chloroplasts, like mitochondria, contain their own DNA, which is thought to be inherited from their ancestor—a photosynthetic cyanobacterium that was engulfed by an early eukaryotic cell. Chloroplasts cannot be made by the plant cell and must be inherited by each daughter cell during cell division.
How do plants get chloroplasts?
[ "inherited", "must be inherited by each daughter cell during cell division", "inherited by each daughter cell during cell division" ]
[ 473, 465, 473 ]
[ "5729544c3f37b3190047825b", "5729544c3f37b3190047825b", "5729544c3f37b3190047825b" ]
[ "Chloroplast", "Chloroplast", "Chloroplast" ]
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For the third straight season, the number one seeds from both conferences met in the Super Bowl. The Carolina Panthers became one of only ten teams to have completed a regular season with only one loss, and one of only six teams to have acquired a 15–1 record, while the Denver Broncos became one of four teams to have made eight appearances in the Super Bowl. The Broncos made their second Super Bowl appearance in three years, having reached Super Bowl XLVIII, while the Panthers made their second Super Bowl appearance in franchise history, their other appearance being Super Bowl XXXVIII. Coincidentally, both teams were coached by John Fox in their last Super Bowl appearance prior to Super Bowl 50.
How many games did the Panthers lose in the regular season before Super Bowl 50?
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Even before Washington returned, Dinwiddie had sent a company of 40 men under William Trent to that point, where in the early months of 1754 they began construction of a small stockaded fort. Governor Duquesne sent additional French forces under Claude-Pierre Pecaudy de Contrecœur to relieve Saint-Pierre during the same period, and Contrecœur led 500 men south from Fort Venango on April 5, 1754. When these forces arrived at the fort on April 16, Contrecœur generously allowed Trent's small company to withdraw. He purchased their construction tools to continue building what became Fort Duquesne.
How many men did Duquesne send to relieve Saint-Pierre ?
[ "40 men", "40", "40", "additional French forces", "Contrecœur led 500 men south from Fort Venango on April 5, 1754" ]
[ 65, 65, 65, 215, 334 ]
[ "5733f1784776f41900661575", "5733f1784776f41900661575", "5733f1784776f41900661575", "5733f1784776f41900661575", "5733f1784776f41900661575" ]
[ "French_and_Indian_War", "French_and_Indian_War", "French_and_Indian_War", "French_and_Indian_War", "French_and_Indian_War" ]
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Tesla was renowned for his achievements and showmanship, eventually earning him a reputation in popular culture as an archetypal "mad scientist". His patents earned him a considerable amount of money, much of which was used to finance his own projects with varying degrees of success.:121,154 He lived most of his life in a series of New York hotels, through his retirement. Tesla died on 7 January 1943. His work fell into relative obscurity after his death, but in 1960 the General Conference on Weights and Measures named the SI unit of magnetic flux density the tesla in his honor. There has been a resurgence in popular interest in Tesla since the 1990s.
What was Tesla's reputation in popular culture?
[ "mad scientist", "mad scientist", "mad scientist" ]
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In contrast, during wake periods differentiated effector cells, such as cytotoxic natural killer cells and CTLs (cytotoxic T lymphocytes), peak in order to elicit an effective response against any intruding pathogens. As well during awake active times, anti-inflammatory molecules, such as cortisol and catecholamines, peak. There are two theories as to why the pro-inflammatory state is reserved for sleep time. First, inflammation would cause serious cognitive and physical impairments if it were to occur during wake times. Second, inflammation may occur during sleep times due to the presence of melatonin. Inflammation causes a great deal of oxidative stress and the presence of melatonin during sleep times could actively counteract free radical production during this time.
What are examples of differentiated effector cells that peak during wake periods?
[ "cytotoxic natural killer cells and CTLs (cytotoxic T lymphocytes)", "cytotoxic natural killer cells and CTLs", "cytotoxic natural killer cells and CTLs (cytotoxic T lymphocytes)" ]
[ 72, 72, 72 ]
[ "572a04d51d046914007796cd", "572a04d51d046914007796cd", "572a04d51d046914007796cd" ]
[ "Immune_system", "Immune_system", "Immune_system" ]
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The centrifugal governor was adopted by James Watt for use on a steam engine in 1788 after Watt’s partner Boulton saw one at a flour mill Boulton & Watt were building. The governor could not actually hold a set speed, because it would assume a new constant speed in response to load changes. The governor was able to handle smaller variations such as those caused by fluctuating heat load to the boiler. Also, there was a tendency for oscillation whenever there was a speed change. As a consequence, engines equipped only with this governor were not suitable for operations requiring constant speed, such as cotton spinning. The governor was improved over time and coupled with variable steam cut off, good speed control in response to changes in load was attainable near the end of the 19th century.
What was the name of Watt's partner?
[ "Boulton", "Boulton", "Boulton" ]
[ 106, 106, 106 ]
[ "57115dbe2419e314009555a6", "57115dbe2419e314009555a6", "57115dbe2419e314009555a6" ]
[ "Steam_engine", "Steam_engine", "Steam_engine" ]
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