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QRQA-10209-1-flip
Jean has two plants, one with leaves, and one that has had the leaves stripped from it. The plant stripped of its leaves will produce food in amounts that are
{ "text": [ "smaller", "larger" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
Less photosynthesis means that plants and phytoplankton produce less food.
QRSent-10209
{ "effect_prop": "food production", "cause_dir_str": "less", "effect_dir_str": "less", "cause_dir_sign": "LESS", "effect_dir_sign": "LESS", "cause_prop": "photosynthesis" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "larger", "less_effect_dir": "smaller", "less_cause_prop": "leaves", "more_effect_prop": "food amounts", "less_effect_prop": "food amounts", "less_cause_dir": "food amounts" }
QRQA-10317-4-flip
A halving of carbon atoms in a hydrocarbon will cause _____ isomers.
{ "text": [ "more", "less" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
As you increase the number of carbon atoms in a hydrocarbon, the number of isomers quickly increases.
QRSent-10317
{ "effect_prop": "isomers", "cause_dir_str": "increase", "effect_dir_str": "increases", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "carbon atoms in a hydrocarbon" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "more", "less_effect_dir": "less", "less_cause_prop": "carbon atoms", "more_effect_prop": "isomers", "less_effect_prop": "isomers", "less_cause_dir": "isomers" }
QRQA-10392-1
If Jim turns the thermostat down in his room while listening to music, what will happen to the speed of the sound waves in the room?
{ "text": [ "they will speed up", "they will slow down" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
For a given medium, sound has a slower speed at lower temperatures.
QRSent-10392
{ "effect_prop": "speed of sound", "cause_dir_str": "lower", "effect_dir_str": "slower", "cause_dir_sign": "LESS", "effect_dir_sign": "LESS", "cause_prop": "temperature" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "speed up", "less_effect_dir": "slow down", "less_cause_prop": "thermostat", "more_effect_prop": "sound waves", "less_effect_prop": "sound waves", "less_cause_dir": "sound waves" }
QRQA-10117-5-flip
As you travel below the ozone layer the temperatures become
{ "text": [ "higher", "lower" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
The stratosphere contains the ozone layer, the temperatures increase as altitude increases.
QRSent-10117
{ "effect_prop": "temperature", "cause_dir_str": "increase", "effect_dir_str": "increase", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "ozone" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "higher", "less_effect_dir": "lower", "less_cause_prop": "the ozone layer", "more_effect_prop": "temperatures", "less_effect_prop": "temperatures", "less_cause_dir": "temperatures" }
QRQA-10356-5-flip
The larger a resistor equals _____ resistance.
{ "text": [ "less", "more" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
Thicker resistors offer less resistance than thinner resistors.
QRSent-10356
{ "effect_prop": "resistance", "cause_dir_str": "thicker", "effect_dir_str": "less", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "LESS", "cause_prop": "resistor thickness" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "more", "less_effect_dir": "less", "less_cause_prop": "", "more_effect_prop": "resistance", "less_effect_prop": "resistance", "less_cause_dir": "resistance" }
QRQA-10312-4
Steve noticed when looking at the series circuit that as more resistors were added the resistance
{ "text": [ "increased", "decreased" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
In a series circuit, the resistance increases as more resistors are added in series.
QRSent-10312
{ "effect_prop": "resistors", "cause_dir_str": "increases", "effect_dir_str": "more", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "resistance" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "added", "less_effect_dir": "", "less_cause_prop": "resistance", "more_effect_prop": "resistors", "less_effect_prop": "", "less_cause_dir": "" }
QRQA-10010-1
Would an astronaut feel a greater gravitational pull from the Earth when he is standing
{ "text": [ "on the floor of his house", "on the surface of Mars?" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
The gravitational force between two objects decreases as the objects move further apart.
QRSent-10010
{ "effect_prop": "gravitational force between the two objects", "cause_dir_str": "further", "effect_dir_str": "decreases", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "LESS", "cause_prop": "distance between two objects" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "greater", "less_effect_dir": "", "less_cause_prop": "on the floor of his house", "more_effect_prop": "gravitational pull", "less_effect_prop": "", "less_cause_dir": "" }
QRQA-10056-3-flip
Polly was managing her diabetes. As her blood glucose levels _____, her body produces more insulin so she would need to account for this.
{ "text": [ "increase", "decrease" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
As blood glucose levels decrease, less insulin is produced.
QRSent-10056
{ "effect_prop": "insulin produced", "cause_dir_str": "decrease", "effect_dir_str": "less", "cause_dir_sign": "LESS", "effect_dir_sign": "LESS", "cause_prop": "blood glucose levels" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "more", "less_effect_dir": "", "less_cause_prop": "blood glucose levels", "more_effect_prop": "insulin", "less_effect_prop": "", "less_cause_dir": "" }
QRQA-10249-1
Phil surfed huge 15 foot waves on the beach. _____ wind speeds likely contributed to such large waves
{ "text": [ "high", "low" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
The size of an ocean wave depends on how fast, over how great a distance, and how long the wind blows. The greater each of these factors is, the bigger a wave will be.
QRSent-10249
{ "effect_prop": "bigger waves", "cause_dir_str": "greater", "effect_dir_str": "bigger", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "wind blows" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "huge 15 foot", "less_effect_dir": "", "less_cause_prop": "wind speeds", "more_effect_prop": "waves", "less_effect_prop": "", "less_cause_dir": "" }
QRQA-10334-5
When a baby drinks a lot of milk from their mother then their mother makes
{ "text": [ "less milk", "more milk" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
The more the baby suckles, the more prolactin is released, which causes more milk to be produced.
QRSent-10334
{ "effect_prop": "milk production", "cause_dir_str": "more", "effect_dir_str": "more", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "nursing" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "more", "less_effect_dir": "less", "less_cause_prop": "", "more_effect_prop": "mother makes milk", "less_effect_prop": "mother makes milk", "less_cause_dir": "mother makes milk" }
QRQA-10189-1
Scott rolls two balls together until they strike each other. When Scott rolls the balls softly, they barely move apart, and when Scott thrusts the balls at one another, they are apart a
{ "text": [ "great distance", "small distance" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
When two skateboarders push against each other, it causes them to move apart. The harder they push together, the farther apart they move.
QRSent-10189
{ "effect_prop": "distance", "cause_dir_str": "harder", "effect_dir_str": "farther", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "push" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "great", "less_effect_dir": "small", "less_cause_prop": "balls", "more_effect_prop": "distance", "less_effect_prop": "distance", "less_cause_dir": "distance" }
QRQA-10356-1-flip
When Dan got a thin resistor, he knew that its resistance would be
{ "text": [ "more", "less" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
Thicker resistors offer less resistance than thinner resistors.
QRSent-10356
{ "effect_prop": "resistance", "cause_dir_str": "thicker", "effect_dir_str": "less", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "LESS", "cause_prop": "resistors" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "more", "less_effect_dir": "less", "less_cause_prop": "resistor", "more_effect_prop": "resistance", "less_effect_prop": "resistance", "less_cause_dir": "resistance" }
QRQA-10305-5-flip
If Mona is adjusting the pH levels of her fish tank and she makes the pH lower, what happens to the baseness of the water?
{ "text": [ "higher", "lower" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
The higher the pH value is, the stronger the base.
QRSent-10305
{ "effect_prop": "stronger the base", "cause_dir_str": "higher", "effect_dir_str": "stronger", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "higher the pH" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "higher", "less_effect_dir": "lower", "less_cause_prop": "ph", "more_effect_prop": "base", "less_effect_prop": "base", "less_cause_dir": "base" }
QRQA-10083-1
When two batteries are placed together, John can tell that the electrostatic force is
{ "text": [ "more", "less" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
The closer the charged objects are, the stronger the electrostatic force.
QRSent-10083
{ "effect_prop": "electrostatic force", "cause_dir_str": "closer", "effect_dir_str": "stronger", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "objects are" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "more", "less_effect_dir": "less", "less_cause_prop": "n/a", "more_effect_prop": "electrostatic force", "less_effect_prop": "electrostatic force", "less_cause_dir": "electrostatic force" }
QRQA-10272-2-flip
When the temperature goes down the rate that cells respirate
{ "text": [ "increases", "decreases" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
Temperature affects the rate at which photosynthesis, cellular respiration and decomposition take place. The rate of reaction increases with increasing temperature and decreases at lower temperatures.
QRSent-10272
{ "effect_prop": "cellular respiration", "cause_dir_str": "increasing", "effect_dir_str": "increases", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "heat" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "increases", "less_effect_dir": "decreases", "less_cause_prop": "temperature", "more_effect_prop": "rate cells respirate", "less_effect_prop": "rate cells respirate", "less_cause_dir": "rate cells respirate" }
QRQA-10090-1
Curt wants to make a drink from chocolate chips and milk. To make the chips melt faster, Shane will use chips that are
{ "text": [ "bigger", "smaller" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
It would be hard to get a big chunk of chocolate to dissolve in your milk or hot water. Maybe you could make hot chocolate from some smaller pieces like chocolate chips, but it is much easier to add a powder to your milk. This is because the smaller the pieces are, the more surface area they have.
QRSent-10090
{ "effect_prop": "surface area", "cause_dir_str": "smaller", "effect_dir_str": "more", "cause_dir_sign": "LESS", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "pieces" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "", "less_effect_dir": "", "less_cause_prop": "", "more_effect_prop": "", "less_effect_prop": "", "less_cause_dir": "" }
QRQA-10398-3-flip
Liv is playing with an adjustable water slide. When she makes the angle shallower, water will slide down
{ "text": [ "slower", "faster" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
Water flowing over a steeper slope moves faster and causes more erosion.
QRSent-10398
{ "effect_prop": "Water flowing moves faster", "cause_dir_str": "steeper", "effect_dir_str": "faster", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "steeper slope" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "faster", "less_effect_dir": "slower", "less_cause_prop": "water slide", "more_effect_prop": "water will slide down", "less_effect_prop": "water will slide down", "less_cause_dir": "water will slide down" }
QRQA-10249-2
John was watching the ocean from the beach and after a long period of observation, he concluded that the more wind there is, that the waves will become
{ "text": [ "Bigger", "Smaller" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
The size of an ocean wave depends on how fast, over how great a distance, and how long the wind blows. The greater each of these factors is, the bigger a wave will be.
QRSent-10249
{ "effect_prop": "wave", "cause_dir_str": "greater", "effect_dir_str": "bigger", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "wind" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "bigger", "less_effect_dir": "smaller", "less_cause_prop": "", "more_effect_prop": "wave", "less_effect_prop": "wave", "less_cause_dir": "wave" }
QRQA-10342-1
As the rocket falls down through the troposphere and gets nearer to the Earth's surface, the air will be
{ "text": [ "warmer", "cooler" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
Air in the troposphere is warmer closer to Earths surface.
QRSent-10342
{ "effect_prop": "closer to Earth's surface", "cause_dir_str": "warmer", "effect_dir_str": "closer", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "air in the troposphere" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "nearer to", "less_effect_dir": "", "less_cause_prop": "", "more_effect_prop": "Earth's surface", "less_effect_prop": "", "less_cause_dir": "" }
QRQA-10229-4-flip
Eric removed more and more reactants from his mixture. The reaction rate will now be
{ "text": [ "slower", "faster" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
Therefore, increasing the surface area of solid reactants increases the reaction rate.
QRSent-10229
{ "effect_prop": "reaction rate", "cause_dir_str": "increasing", "effect_dir_str": "increases", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "surface area of solid reactants" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "faster", "less_effect_dir": "slower", "less_cause_prop": "reactants", "more_effect_prop": "reaction rate", "less_effect_prop": "reaction rate", "less_cause_dir": "reaction rate" }
QRQA-10135-4-flip
When an animal is smaller it needs to have a
{ "text": [ "smaller skeleton", "larger skeleton" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
The larger the animal, the heavier the exoskeleton, making movement more difficult.
QRSent-10135
{ "effect_prop": "skeleton", "cause_dir_str": "larger", "effect_dir_str": "heavier", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "size" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "larger", "less_effect_dir": "smaller", "less_cause_prop": "animal", "more_effect_prop": "skeleton", "less_effect_prop": "skeleton", "less_cause_dir": "skeleton" }
QRQA-10348-2
A genotype with poor fitness will likely produce _____ offspring than a more fit one.
{ "text": [ "more", "less" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
Genotypes with greater fitness produce more offspring and pass more copies of their alleles to the next generation.
QRSent-10348
{ "effect_prop": "offspring", "cause_dir_str": "greater", "effect_dir_str": "more", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "fitness of genotypes" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "more", "less_effect_dir": "less", "less_cause_prop": "offspring", "more_effect_prop": "fitness", "less_effect_prop": "fitness", "less_cause_dir": "fitness" }
QRQA-10302-4
Mark is boiling alkenes and wants to see which will boil first; the larger ones or the smaller ones. The alkenes that will boil first are the ones that are
{ "text": [ "smaller", "larger" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
Larger alkenes have lower boiling and melting points.
QRSent-10302
{ "effect_prop": "boiling points", "cause_dir_str": "larger", "effect_dir_str": "lower", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "LESS", "cause_prop": "sizable alkenes" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "", "less_effect_dir": "first boil", "less_cause_prop": "ones", "more_effect_prop": "", "less_effect_prop": "alkenes", "less_cause_dir": "alkenes" }
QRQA-10028-2-flip
If Mona is playing with a rubber band and she decides to stretch it out very little, what happens to the elastic potential energy of the rubber band?
{ "text": [ "increases", "decreases" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
The farther the object is stretched or compressed, the greater its elastic potential energy is.
QRSent-10028
{ "effect_prop": "elastic potential energy", "cause_dir_str": "farther", "effect_dir_str": "greater", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "stretched" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "increases", "less_effect_dir": "decreases", "less_cause_prop": "rubber band", "more_effect_prop": "elastic potential energy", "less_effect_prop": "elastic potential energy", "less_cause_dir": "elastic potential energy" }
QRQA-10295-4
Megan had two charged metal balls that she was analyzing. If she decreases the charge of the balls, the electrostatic force between them
{ "text": [ "decreases", "increases" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
The more charged the objects are, the stronger the electrostatic force between them.
QRSent-10295
{ "effect_prop": "electrostatic force between them.", "cause_dir_str": "more", "effect_dir_str": "stronger", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "charged the objects are" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "increases", "less_effect_dir": "decreases", "less_cause_prop": "the charge", "more_effect_prop": "electrostatic force", "less_effect_prop": "electrostatic force", "less_cause_dir": "electrostatic force" }
QRQA-10237-4
Milo operates a greenhouse for profit. One day he turns up the humidity controls. What will happen to the rate of transpiration of the plants in the greenhouse?
{ "text": [ "increase", "decrease" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
As humidity increases, the water potential gradient across the inside and outside the leaf become more equal, and so the rate of transpiration decreases.
QRSent-10237
{ "effect_prop": "transpiration", "cause_dir_str": "increases", "effect_dir_str": "decreases", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "LESS", "cause_prop": "humidity" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "increase", "less_effect_dir": "decrease", "less_cause_prop": "", "more_effect_prop": "rate of transpiration", "less_effect_prop": "rate of transpiration", "less_cause_dir": "rate of transpiration" }
QRQA-10101-5-flip
Jeff added less and less processors to the supercomputer. The supercomputer will now likely be _____ powerful.
{ "text": [ "more", "less" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
But the more computing power that goes into the model and the care with which the scientists construct the model can increase the chances that a model will be accurate.
QRSent-10101
{ "effect_prop": "chances that a model will be accurate.", "cause_dir_str": "more", "effect_dir_str": "increase", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "computing power" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "", "less_effect_dir": "less", "less_cause_prop": "powerful", "more_effect_prop": "", "less_effect_prop": "processors", "less_cause_dir": "processors" }
QRQA-10264-3-flip
Boris was tasked with developing a hypersonic rocket. He built two prototypes that were identical except that they have different gas velocities out of the nozzle. Which rocket was likely the slowest?
{ "text": [ "the rocket with highest gas velocity", "the rocket with lowest gas velocity" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
The rocket goes upwards because the hot gases shoot downwards out of the nozzle. The faster the gases go downwards, the faster the rocket goes upwards.
QRSent-10264
{ "effect_prop": "rocket velocity", "cause_dir_str": "faster", "effect_dir_str": "faster", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "gas velocity" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "slowest", "less_effect_dir": "", "less_cause_prop": "gas velocity", "more_effect_prop": "rocket", "less_effect_prop": "", "less_cause_dir": "" }
QRQA-10152-1
By pouring a cup of water into two dry powders that would react if they were hydrated, does the rate at which the powders
{ "text": [ "decrease?", "increase" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
More water allows more chemical reactions.
QRSent-10152
{ "effect_prop": "amount of chemical reactions", "cause_dir_str": "more", "effect_dir_str": "more", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "amount of water" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "increase", "less_effect_dir": "decrease", "less_cause_prop": "", "more_effect_prop": "react", "less_effect_prop": "react", "less_cause_dir": "react" }
QRQA-10269-1
A person with a high fever will have _____ of the blood vessels in the skin.
{ "text": [ "narrowing", "widening" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
When your brain senses that your body temperature is increasing, it sends messages to the blood vessels in the skin to increase in diameter.
QRSent-10269
{ "effect_prop": "diameter of blood vessels in the skin", "cause_dir_str": "increasing", "effect_dir_str": "increase", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "body temperature" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "widening", "less_effect_dir": "narrowing", "less_cause_prop": "", "more_effect_prop": "blood vessels", "less_effect_prop": "blood vessels", "less_cause_dir": "blood vessels" }
QRQA-10125-1
After Sarah finishes her run, she notices that her blood is really pumping. Sarah can know that since it's a hot day, she's giving off what kind of heat compared to usual?
{ "text": [ "more", "less" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
On a hot day, an endotherm may give off more heat by increasing blood flow to the surface of the body.
QRSent-10125
{ "effect_prop": "blood flow", "cause_dir_str": "more", "effect_dir_str": "increasing", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "heat" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "is really pumping", "less_effect_dir": "", "less_cause_prop": "heat", "more_effect_prop": "blood", "less_effect_prop": "", "less_cause_dir": "" }
QRQA-10089-3-flip
If a lens gains more curvature, it will refract _____ light.
{ "text": [ "more", "less" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
The more curved the surface of a lens is, the more it refracts light.
QRSent-10089
{ "effect_prop": "light refraction", "cause_dir_str": "more curved", "effect_dir_str": "more", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "curvature of a lens' surface" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "more", "less_effect_dir": "less", "less_cause_prop": "", "more_effect_prop": "refract light", "less_effect_prop": "refract light", "less_cause_dir": "refract light" }
QRQA-10221-5
John was studying the history of agriculture for his master's project. He noticed as the methods of farming became more advanced, the amount of food became
{ "text": [ "Larger", "Smaller" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
More advanced farming practices allowed a single farmer to grow food for many more people.
QRSent-10221
{ "effect_prop": "food", "cause_dir_str": "more advanced", "effect_dir_str": "more", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "advanced farming" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "larger", "less_effect_dir": "smaller", "less_cause_prop": "", "more_effect_prop": "amount of food", "less_effect_prop": "amount of food", "less_cause_dir": "amount of food" }
QRQA-10259-5-flip
If the Moon moves away from the Earth, what happens to the tidal pull of that astral body?
{ "text": [ "it increases", "it decreases" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
The Moon has a greater effect on the tides because, although it is much smaller than the Sun, it is much closer.
QRSent-10259
{ "effect_prop": "effect on the tides", "cause_dir_str": "closer", "effect_dir_str": "greater", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "closer" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "increases", "less_effect_dir": "decreases", "less_cause_prop": "earth", "more_effect_prop": "tidal pull", "less_effect_prop": "tidal pull", "less_cause_dir": "tidal pull" }
QRQA-10326-4
Allie looks for sunscreen at the store. She sees SPF 30 and SPF 100. Which likely protects her skin better?
{ "text": [ "SPF 30", "SPF 100" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
A sunscreen with a higher SPF value protects the skin longer.
QRSent-10326
{ "effect_prop": "protects the skin", "cause_dir_str": "higher", "effect_dir_str": "longer", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "SPF value" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "better", "less_effect_dir": "", "less_cause_prop": "sunscreen", "more_effect_prop": "protects skin", "less_effect_prop": "", "less_cause_dir": "" }
QRQA-10249-2-flip
John was watching the ocean from the beach and after a long period of observation, he concluded that the less wind there is, that the waves will become
{ "text": [ "Bigger", "Smaller" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
The size of an ocean wave depends on how fast, over how great a distance, and how long the wind blows. The greater each of these factors is, the bigger a wave will be.
QRSent-10249
{ "effect_prop": "wave", "cause_dir_str": "greater", "effect_dir_str": "bigger", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "wind" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "bigger", "less_effect_dir": "smaller", "less_cause_prop": "wind", "more_effect_prop": "wave", "less_effect_prop": "wave", "less_cause_dir": "wave" }
QRQA-10305-3-flip
John was looking at some chemicals in the chemistry lab. He saw that the lower the ph value was, the base became
{ "text": [ "Larger", "Smaller" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
The higher the pH value is, the stronger the base.
QRSent-10305
{ "effect_prop": "base", "cause_dir_str": "higher", "effect_dir_str": "stronger", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "ph value" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "Larger", "less_effect_dir": "Smaller", "less_cause_prop": "the ph value", "more_effect_prop": "the base", "less_effect_prop": "the base", "less_cause_dir": "the base" }
QRQA-10036-2-flip
Which likely offers the least amount of resistance?
{ "text": [ "a boat towing cable", "a telephone cable" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
Thicker wires offer less resistance.
QRSent-10036
{ "effect_prop": "electrical resistance", "cause_dir_str": "thicker", "effect_dir_str": "less", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "LESS", "cause_prop": "wire thickness" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "", "less_effect_dir": "least", "less_cause_prop": "cable", "more_effect_prop": "", "less_effect_prop": "amount of resistance", "less_cause_dir": "amount of resistance" }
QRQA-10289-5-flip
Jan had a very low heart rate, but was perfectly healthy, indicating that her heart expels blood in amounts that are
{ "text": [ "greater", "lesser" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
When the heart expels more blood with each stroke, the heart has to beat less often in order to maintain the same volume of blood flow.
QRSent-10289
{ "effect_prop": "heart beats", "cause_dir_str": "more", "effect_dir_str": "less often", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "LESS", "cause_prop": "blood" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "high", "less_effect_dir": "", "less_cause_prop": "blood", "more_effect_prop": "heart rate", "less_effect_prop": "", "less_cause_dir": "" }
QRQA-10331-3-flip
Everett dug down 100 feet while Jamie dug down 10 feet. Who is more likely to find old fossils?
{ "text": [ "Everett", "Jamie" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
Lower rock layers were laid down earlier, so they are assumed to contain older fossils.
QRSent-10331
{ "effect_prop": "older fossils", "cause_dir_str": "lower", "effect_dir_str": "older", "cause_dir_sign": "LESS", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "rock layers" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "", "less_effect_dir": "", "less_cause_prop": "down", "more_effect_prop": "", "less_effect_prop": "", "less_cause_dir": "" }
QRQA-10349-1-flip
If Mona moves her baseballs farther apart, what happens to the gravitational pull between them?
{ "text": [ "increases", "decreases" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
The closer objects are, the stronger the gravitational pull between them.
QRSent-10349
{ "effect_prop": "gravitational pull", "cause_dir_str": "closer", "effect_dir_str": "stronger", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "closer objects" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "increases", "less_effect_dir": "decreases", "less_cause_prop": "baseballs", "more_effect_prop": "gravitational pull between them", "less_effect_prop": "gravitational pull between them", "less_cause_dir": "gravitational pull between them" }
QRQA-10112-3-flip
Mark studies rocks for a living. He is curious if rocks deeper in the Earth will be warmer or cooler. If Mark were to take the temperature of a rock that is half a mile into the Earth's surface, and then take the temperature of a rock 1 mile into the Earth's surface, he would find that the rock half a mile into the Earth's temperature is
{ "text": [ "lower.", "higher" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
Temperature increases with depth inside the Earth, so melting of rocks is more likely to occur at greater depths.
QRSent-10112
{ "effect_prop": "temperature", "cause_dir_str": "greater", "effect_dir_str": "increases", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "depth inside the Earth" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "higher", "less_effect_dir": "lower", "less_cause_prop": "Earth's surface", "more_effect_prop": "temperature", "less_effect_prop": "temperature", "less_cause_dir": "temperature" }
QRQA-10198-3-flip
If Milo places his coffee into the microwave and cools it off, what will happen to the rate of vibration of the molecules in the drink?
{ "text": [ "increase", "decrease" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
Warmer molecules vibrate faster than cooler ones.
QRSent-10198
{ "effect_prop": "vibrate", "cause_dir_str": "warmer", "effect_dir_str": "faster", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "Warmer molecules" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "More", "less_effect_dir": "Less", "less_cause_prop": "Vibration", "more_effect_prop": "Heat", "less_effect_prop": "Heat", "less_cause_dir": "Heat" }
QRQA-10017-3
Will analyzes the photon energy in an electromagnetic wave with a high frequency. Bill analyzes the photon energy in an electromagnetic wave with a low frequency. _____'s wave has more photon energy.
{ "text": [ "Bill", "Will" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
In electromagnetic waves with higher frequencies, photons have more energy.
QRSent-10017
{ "effect_prop": "photon energy", "cause_dir_str": "higher", "effect_dir_str": "more", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "frequencies in electromagnetic waves" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "more", "less_effect_dir": "", "less_cause_prop": "electromagnetic wave frequency", "more_effect_prop": "photon energy", "less_effect_prop": "", "less_cause_dir": "" }
QRQA-10138-3
If Mona is holding two pieces of fruit and she moves them farther away from each other, what happens to the gravitational force between the two fruits?
{ "text": [ "increase", "decrease" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
The further objects are away from each other, the smaller the gravitational force.
QRSent-10138
{ "effect_prop": "gravitational force", "cause_dir_str": "further", "effect_dir_str": "smaller", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "LESS", "cause_prop": "further objects are away" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "increase", "less_effect_dir": "decrease", "less_cause_prop": "", "more_effect_prop": "gravitational force", "less_effect_prop": "gravitational force", "less_cause_dir": "gravitational force" }
QRQA-10008-5-flip
If we drop a small ball into a pool there will be _____ water shot out than a small ball.
{ "text": [ "less", "more" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
So more water is displaced by a bigger body than a smaller one.
QRSent-10008
{ "effect_prop": "water displaced", "cause_dir_str": "bigger", "effect_dir_str": "more", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "size" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "more", "less_effect_dir": "less", "less_cause_prop": "ball", "more_effect_prop": "water shot out", "less_effect_prop": "water shot out", "less_cause_dir": "water shot out" }
QRQA-10083-2-flip
Ian wants to have a very weak electrostatic force, so he will make sure that his charged objects are
{ "text": [ "closer", "farther" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
The closer the charged objects are, the stronger the electrostatic force.
QRSent-10083
{ "effect_prop": "strong", "cause_dir_str": "closer", "effect_dir_str": "stronger", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "close" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "", "less_effect_dir": "very weak", "less_cause_prop": "charged objects", "more_effect_prop": "", "less_effect_prop": "electrostatic force", "less_cause_dir": "electrostatic force" }
QRQA-10043-4-flip
If we tested a solution and it was 2 on the pH scale it would be
{ "text": [ "acidic", "basic" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
The closer to pH 14, the more strongly basic the solution.
QRSent-10043
{ "effect_prop": "basic", "cause_dir_str": "closer", "effect_dir_str": "more strongly", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "pH number on the scale" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "", "less_effect_dir": "", "less_cause_prop": "", "more_effect_prop": "acidic", "less_effect_prop": "basic", "less_cause_dir": "basic" }
QRQA-10090-3-flip
Will one large piece have more or less surface area than smaller pieces?
{ "text": [ "less", "more" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
It would be hard to get a big chunk of chocolate to dissolve in your milk or hot water. Maybe you could make hot chocolate from some smaller pieces like chocolate chips, but it is much easier to add a powder to your milk. This is because the smaller the pieces are, the more surface area they have.
QRSent-10090
{ "effect_prop": "surface area", "cause_dir_str": "smaller", "effect_dir_str": "more", "cause_dir_sign": "LESS", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "size" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "more", "less_effect_dir": "less", "less_cause_prop": "pieces", "more_effect_prop": "surface area", "less_effect_prop": "surface area", "less_cause_dir": "surface area" }
QRQA-10048-2-flip
Mike wants to see how fast water can run while not depositing small particles. In order to avoid get the smaller particles deposited, Mike will need the water to be running
{ "text": [ "quickly", "slowly" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
The size of the eroded particles depends on the velocity of the water. Eventually, the water deposits the materials. As water slows, larger particles are deposited. As the water slows even more, smaller particles are deposited.
QRSent-10048
{ "effect_prop": "particles deposited", "cause_dir_str": "slows", "effect_dir_str": "smaller", "cause_dir_sign": "LESS", "effect_dir_sign": "LESS", "cause_prop": "water" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "largest", "less_effect_dir": "", "less_cause_prop": "water", "more_effect_prop": "particles", "less_effect_prop": "", "less_cause_dir": "" }
QRQA-10403-3
Mona lives on a planet with an unstable population. If the number of people on her planet were to increase, what would happen to global warming on her planet?
{ "text": [ "increase", "decrease" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
For example, more people on the Earth means more people contributing to global warming and pollution.
QRSent-10403
{ "effect_prop": "global warming", "cause_dir_str": "more", "effect_dir_str": "contributing to", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "people on the Earth" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "increase", "less_effect_dir": "decrease", "less_cause_prop": "", "more_effect_prop": "global warming", "less_effect_prop": "global warming", "less_cause_dir": "global warming" }
QRQA-10033-2-flip
When we are trying to move through the thermosphere the lower we go the _____ it will feel
{ "text": [ "colder", "warmer" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
In the thermosphere, temperatures increase as altitude increases.
QRSent-10033
{ "effect_prop": "temperature", "cause_dir_str": "increases", "effect_dir_str": "increase", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "altitude" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "warmer", "less_effect_dir": "colder", "less_cause_prop": "through the thermosphere", "more_effect_prop": "", "less_effect_prop": "", "less_cause_dir": "" }
QRQA-10015-4-flip
When people figured out how to lessen food the levels of food in the world
{ "text": [ "increased", "decreased" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
Better farming techniques and machines increased the food supply and the distribution of food.
QRSent-10015
{ "effect_prop": "food", "cause_dir_str": "better", "effect_dir_str": "increased", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "farming" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "increased", "less_effect_dir": "decreased", "less_cause_prop": "food", "more_effect_prop": "food", "less_effect_prop": "food", "less_cause_dir": "food" }
QRQA-10073-5-flip
James spent 30 minutes exercising while Mary spent only 10 minutes exercising. Which person had the lower heart rate?
{ "text": [ "Mary", "James" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
Warming up exercises increases the blood flow to the muscles and increases the heart rate.
QRSent-10073
{ "effect_prop": "heart rate", "cause_dir_str": "", "effect_dir_str": "increases", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "exercises" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "", "less_effect_dir": "lower", "less_cause_prop": "exercising", "more_effect_prop": "", "less_effect_prop": "heart rate", "less_cause_dir": "heart rate" }
QRQA-10098-1-flip
If Jim measures the water table of his local region before it rains and compares it to a measurement taken after it rains, it will be lower
{ "text": [ "before it rains", "after it rains" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
The water table is higher when there is a lot of rain and lower when the weather is dry.
QRSent-10098
{ "effect_prop": "water table is higher", "cause_dir_str": "lot of", "effect_dir_str": "higher", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "rain" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "", "less_effect_dir": "lower", "less_cause_prop": "rain", "more_effect_prop": "", "less_effect_prop": "water table", "less_cause_dir": "water table" }
QRQA-10227-2
Reid installed an aquifer 20m from the surface. Will installed an aquifer 10m from the surface. Whose aquifer is easier to get water from?
{ "text": [ "Reid", "Will" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
The closer to the surface an aquifer is, the easier it is to get the water.
QRSent-10227
{ "effect_prop": "easier to get the water", "cause_dir_str": "closer", "effect_dir_str": "easier", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "closer to the surface an aquifer" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "easier to get water from", "less_effect_dir": "", "less_cause_prop": "aquifer", "more_effect_prop": "aquifer", "less_effect_prop": "", "less_cause_dir": "" }
QRQA-10366-1-flip
Jay's risk of breast cancer is 10% at age 50. Was her risk higher or lower when she was 25?
{ "text": [ "lower", "higher" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
Breast cancer is rare in teens but becomes more common as females get older.
QRSent-10366
{ "effect_prop": "risk of cancer", "cause_dir_str": "older", "effect_dir_str": "more common", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "age" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "increase", "less_effect_dir": "decrease", "less_cause_prop": "", "more_effect_prop": "risk of breast cancer", "less_effect_prop": "risk of breast cancer", "less_cause_dir": "risk of breast cancer" }
QRQA-10290-2
When light speeds up it is more likely to
{ "text": [ "stay straight", "bend" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
In refraction of light, the greater the change in speed, the more light bends.
QRSent-10290
{ "effect_prop": "light bending", "cause_dir_str": "greater", "effect_dir_str": "more", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "change in speed" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "bend", "less_effect_dir": "stay straight", "less_cause_prop": "", "more_effect_prop": "light", "less_effect_prop": "light", "less_cause_dir": "light" }
QRQA-10248-3
When we are tired and running out of energy while running what will happen?
{ "text": [ "speed up", "slow down" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
As the liquid particles lose energy, their movement slows down even more. As their movements become slower and slower, the attractive forces between become stronger.
QRSent-10248
{ "effect_prop": "movement", "cause_dir_str": "lose", "effect_dir_str": "slows down even more", "cause_dir_sign": "LESS", "effect_dir_sign": "LESS", "cause_prop": "energy" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "speed up", "less_effect_dir": "slow down", "less_cause_prop": "energy", "more_effect_prop": "running", "less_effect_prop": "running", "less_cause_dir": "running" }
QRQA-10098-4
If Mona lives in a country that doesn't get a lot of rain and it rains extra hard one day, what does that do to the water table?
{ "text": [ "increases", "decreases" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
The water table is higher when there is a lot of rain and lower when the weather is dry.
QRSent-10098
{ "effect_prop": "water table is higher", "cause_dir_str": "lot of", "effect_dir_str": "higher", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "rain" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "increases", "less_effect_dir": "decreases", "less_cause_prop": "rain", "more_effect_prop": "water table", "less_effect_prop": "water table", "less_cause_dir": "water table" }
QRQA-10342-1-flip
As the rocket shoots up through the troposphere and gets farther from the Earth's surface, the air will be
{ "text": [ "warmer", "cooler" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
Air in the troposphere is warmer closer to Earths surface.
QRSent-10342
{ "effect_prop": "closer to Earth's surface", "cause_dir_str": "warmer", "effect_dir_str": "closer", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "air in the troposphere" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "", "less_effect_dir": "gets farther from", "less_cause_prop": "", "more_effect_prop": "", "less_effect_prop": "Earth's surface", "less_cause_dir": "Earth's surface" }
QRQA-10268-1-flip
If a person sank lower within the mesosphere, would the temperature
{ "text": [ "increase", "decrease" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
In the mesosphere, temperature decreases as altitude increases.
QRSent-10268
{ "effect_prop": "temperature", "cause_dir_str": "increases", "effect_dir_str": "decreases", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "LESS", "cause_prop": "altitude in the mesosphere" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "increase", "less_effect_dir": "decrease", "less_cause_prop": "within the mesosphere", "more_effect_prop": "temperature", "less_effect_prop": "temperature", "less_cause_dir": "temperature" }
QRQA-10222-2
Ian is digging in his garden, and admires the shiny pebbles sitting in the yard, as he digs a hole and finds more rocks, he knows that they are
{ "text": [ "younger", "older" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
Older rocks are at the bottom and younger rocks are at the top.
QRSent-10222
{ "effect_prop": "depth", "cause_dir_str": "older", "effect_dir_str": "bottom", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "age" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "digs", "less_effect_dir": "", "less_cause_prop": "rocks", "more_effect_prop": "hole", "less_effect_prop": "", "less_cause_dir": "" }
QRQA-10162-4-flip
Mike dove higher and higher out of the ocean trench. As he goes higher, the pressure exerted on him by the water
{ "text": [ "increases", "decreases" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
A fluid exerts pressure in all directions, but the pressure is greater at greater depth.
QRSent-10162
{ "effect_prop": "depth", "cause_dir_str": "greater", "effect_dir_str": "greater", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "pressure in all directions" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "", "less_effect_dir": "goes higher", "less_cause_prop": "pressure exerted", "more_effect_prop": "", "less_effect_prop": "Mike", "less_cause_dir": "Mike" }
QRQA-10387-5-flip
If Bob starts exercising, his heart muscle should become
{ "text": [ "stronger", "weaker" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
When a person exercises regularly, and is fit, the heart undergoes certain long-term adaptations. The heart muscle gets stronger, and expels more blood with each contraction.
QRSent-10387
{ "effect_prop": "strength of heart muscle", "cause_dir_str": "regularly", "effect_dir_str": "stronger", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "regular exercise" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "stronger", "less_effect_dir": "weaker", "less_cause_prop": "", "more_effect_prop": "heart muscle", "less_effect_prop": "heart muscle", "less_cause_dir": "heart muscle" }
QRQA-10128-2-flip
A stream going across a low plain will have to do _____ cutting.
{ "text": [ "much", "little" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
In erosion, the higher the elevation, the farther the stream is from where it will reach base level and the more cutting it has to do.
QRSent-10128
{ "effect_prop": "cutting the stream must do to reach base level", "cause_dir_str": "higher", "effect_dir_str": "more", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "elevation" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "much", "less_effect_dir": "little", "less_cause_prop": "plain", "more_effect_prop": "cutting", "less_effect_prop": "cutting", "less_cause_dir": "cutting" }
QRQA-10398-1-flip
Kelly built a home with a gorgeous ocean view, and he decided to level the surrounding area. As a result, erosion is occurring
{ "text": [ "faster", "slower" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
Water flowing over a steeper slope moves faster and causes more erosion.
QRSent-10398
{ "effect_prop": "erosion", "cause_dir_str": "steeper", "effect_dir_str": "more", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "steeper slope" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "faster", "less_effect_dir": "slower", "less_cause_prop": "land", "more_effect_prop": "erosion", "less_effect_prop": "erosion", "less_cause_dir": "erosion" }
QRQA-10132-1
A dark skinned man and a light skinned man are being tested to see who produces vitamin D faster. The light skinned person will have vitamin D in amounts that are
{ "text": [ "greater", "lesser" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
Pigments in the skin act like a filter that can prevent the skin from making vitamin D. As a result, people with darker skin need more time in the sun than people with lighter skin to make the same amount of vitamin D.
QRSent-10132
{ "effect_prop": "time to make vitamin D", "cause_dir_str": "darker", "effect_dir_str": "more", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "dark skin" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "greater", "less_effect_dir": "lesser", "less_cause_prop": "skinned", "more_effect_prop": "vitamin D", "less_effect_prop": "vitamin D", "less_cause_dir": "vitamin D" }
QRQA-10089-4-flip
If Mona is building a new mirror and she wants it to refract less light, what should she do to the surface of the lens?
{ "text": [ "make it more curved", "make it less curved" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
The more curved the surface of a lens is, the more it refracts light.
QRSent-10089
{ "effect_prop": "refracts light", "cause_dir_str": "more curved", "effect_dir_str": "more", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "curved the surface of a lens" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "", "less_effect_dir": "less", "less_cause_prop": "surface of the lens", "more_effect_prop": "", "less_effect_prop": "refract light", "less_cause_dir": "refract light" }
QRQA-10251-5
Someone that has a lot of energy will be
{ "text": [ "slow", "fast" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
The more energy the particles in matter have, the faster and more strongly they vibrate.
QRSent-10251
{ "effect_prop": "speed", "cause_dir_str": "more", "effect_dir_str": "faster", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "energy" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "fast", "less_effect_dir": "slow", "less_cause_prop": "", "more_effect_prop": "someone", "less_effect_prop": "someone", "less_cause_dir": "someone" }
QRQA-10005-5
When a rubber band is stretched, its elastic force
{ "text": [ "increases", "decreases" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
The elastic force increases the more the material is stretched or compressed.
QRSent-10005
{ "effect_prop": "elastic force", "cause_dir_str": "more", "effect_dir_str": "increases", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "stretching of material" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "increases", "less_effect_dir": "decreases", "less_cause_prop": "", "more_effect_prop": "elastic force", "less_effect_prop": "elastic force", "less_cause_dir": "elastic force" }
QRQA-10302-2
A smaller alkenes will melt _____ than a bigger one.
{ "text": [ "sooner", "later" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
Larger alkenes have lower boiling and melting points.
QRSent-10302
{ "effect_prop": "melting point", "cause_dir_str": "larger", "effect_dir_str": "lower", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "LESS", "cause_prop": "alkenes" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "", "less_effect_dir": "Smaller", "less_cause_prop": "Melt", "more_effect_prop": "", "less_effect_prop": "Alkenes", "less_cause_dir": "Alkenes" }
QRQA-10080-2
Erin is trying to get her solution to have a pH as close to zero as possible. The best way for Erin to do that is to have the acidity of the solution
{ "text": [ "decrease", "increase" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
The more acidic a solution is, the closer its pH value will be to 0
QRSent-10080
{ "effect_prop": "close to 0 pH value", "cause_dir_str": "more", "effect_dir_str": "closer", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "acidic a solution is" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "as close to zero as possible", "less_effect_dir": "", "less_cause_prop": "acidity", "more_effect_prop": "solution", "less_effect_prop": "", "less_cause_dir": "" }
QRQA-10331-3
Everett dug down 100 feet while Jamie dug down 1000 feet. Who is more likely to find old fossils?
{ "text": [ "Everett", "Jamie" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
Lower rock layers were laid down earlier, so they are assumed to contain older fossils.
QRSent-10331
{ "effect_prop": "older fossils", "cause_dir_str": "lower", "effect_dir_str": "older", "cause_dir_sign": "LESS", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "rock layers" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "", "less_effect_dir": "", "less_cause_prop": "down", "more_effect_prop": "", "less_effect_prop": "", "less_cause_dir": "" }
QRQA-10217-4-flip
John was building a circuit in the electrical room when he noticed something. The more resistors he removed, the level of resistance would
{ "text": [ "Decrease", "Increase" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
As more resistors are added in series, the total resistance of the circuit increases.
QRSent-10217
{ "effect_prop": "resistance", "cause_dir_str": "more", "effect_dir_str": "increases", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "resistors" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "increase", "less_effect_dir": "decrease", "less_cause_prop": "resistors", "more_effect_prop": "resistance", "less_effect_prop": "resistance", "less_cause_dir": "resistance" }
QRQA-10084-1-flip
By removing a pound of salt from a bucket of fresh water, could you cause the density of the water to
{ "text": [ "increase", "decrease?" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
Water density increases as salinity and pressure increase, or as temperature decreases.
QRSent-10084
{ "effect_prop": "water density", "cause_dir_str": "increase", "effect_dir_str": "increases", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "water salinity" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "increase", "less_effect_dir": "decreas", "less_cause_prop": "a bucket of fresh water", "more_effect_prop": "density of the water", "less_effect_prop": "density of the water", "less_cause_dir": "density of the water" }
QRQA-10110-1-flip
In tornadoes the less differences in air pressure cause _____ winds.
{ "text": [ "lesser", "stronger" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
Differences in air pressure over the surface of the Earth result in wind. The greater the differences in air pressures, the stronger the wind.
QRSent-10110
{ "effect_prop": "wind", "cause_dir_str": "greater", "effect_dir_str": "stronger", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "air pressure" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "stronger", "less_effect_dir": "lesser", "less_cause_prop": "air pressure", "more_effect_prop": "winds", "less_effect_prop": "winds", "less_cause_dir": "winds" }
QRQA-10031-2
Will weighs 180 pounds while Nat weights 120 pounds, who would accelerate more after the same force is applied?
{ "text": [ "Will", "Nat" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
The smaller its mass is, the greater its acceleration for a given amount of force.
QRSent-10031
{ "effect_prop": "acceleration per force", "cause_dir_str": "smaller", "effect_dir_str": "greater", "cause_dir_sign": "LESS", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "mass of the object" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "more", "less_effect_dir": "", "less_cause_prop": "", "more_effect_prop": "accelerate", "less_effect_prop": "", "less_cause_dir": "" }
QRQA-10380-5
Dwayne Johnson is much stronger than Kevin Hart because he exercises more and therefore his muscles have grown
{ "text": [ "larger or", "smaller." ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
Exercising muscles increases their size, and bigger muscles have greater strength.
QRSent-10380
{ "effect_prop": "strength", "cause_dir_str": "bigger", "effect_dir_str": "greater", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "muscles" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "much", "less_effect_dir": "", "less_cause_prop": "muscles", "more_effect_prop": "stronger", "less_effect_prop": "", "less_cause_dir": "" }
QRQA-10189-2-flip
John was watching the two men fighting and shoving each other. He observed that the softer they push, their movement will become
{ "text": [ "Greater", "Lesser" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
When two skateboarders push against each other, it causes them to move apart. The harder they push together, the farther apart they move.
QRSent-10189
{ "effect_prop": "movement", "cause_dir_str": "harder", "effect_dir_str": "farther", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "push" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "greater", "less_effect_dir": "lesser", "less_cause_prop": "push", "more_effect_prop": "movement", "less_effect_prop": "movement", "less_cause_dir": "movement" }
QRQA-10166-5
As we dig deeper in the search for fossils the fossils get
{ "text": [ "younger", "older" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
Fossils found at the lowest layer of rock would be the oldest, as these would have been buried for the longest time, whereas fossils found closer to the surface would be buried more recently and therefore be younger.
QRSent-10166
{ "effect_prop": "age", "cause_dir_str": "lowest", "effect_dir_str": "oldest", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "depth" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "older", "less_effect_dir": "younger", "less_cause_prop": "", "more_effect_prop": "fossils", "less_effect_prop": "fossils", "less_cause_dir": "fossils" }
QRQA-10389-1-flip
The shorter the telescope stays focused the _____ the stars appear.
{ "text": [ "more bright", "less bright" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
The longer the exposure, the more light that the telescope can gather to make the image.
QRSent-10389
{ "effect_prop": "image", "cause_dir_str": "longer", "effect_dir_str": "more", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "longer" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "more bright", "less_effect_dir": "less bright", "less_cause_prop": "telescope", "more_effect_prop": "the stars", "less_effect_prop": "the stars", "less_cause_dir": "the stars" }
QRQA-10246-3
Mona urinated yesterday morning and the urine was very light. When she urinated today the urine was very dark. Which urination contained less water?
{ "text": [ "yesterday morning", "today" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
The darker the urine, the less water it contains.
QRSent-10246
{ "effect_prop": "water it contains", "cause_dir_str": "darker", "effect_dir_str": "less", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "LESS", "cause_prop": "darker the urine" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "", "less_effect_dir": "less", "less_cause_prop": "urine", "more_effect_prop": "", "less_effect_prop": "water", "less_cause_dir": "water" }
QRQA-10321-5-flip
If your country has a little industry it likely has _____ hazardous waste.
{ "text": [ "a lot of", "not so much" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
Countries with more industry produce more hazardous wastes than those with little industry.
QRSent-10321
{ "effect_prop": "hazardous waste", "cause_dir_str": "more", "effect_dir_str": "more", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "industry" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "a lot of", "less_effect_dir": "a lot of", "less_cause_prop": "industry", "more_effect_prop": "hazardous waste", "less_effect_prop": "kittens", "less_cause_dir": "kittens" }
QRQA-10030-1
If the air temperature rises during a heat wave, what is likely happening to the atmospheric pressure?
{ "text": [ "It will increase", "It will decrease" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
Increasing air temperature decreases atmospheric pressure.
QRSent-10030
{ "effect_prop": "atmospheric pressure", "cause_dir_str": "increasing", "effect_dir_str": "decreases", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "LESS", "cause_prop": "air temperature" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "increase", "less_effect_dir": "decrease", "less_cause_prop": "", "more_effect_prop": "atmospheric pressure", "less_effect_prop": "atmospheric pressure", "less_cause_dir": "atmospheric pressure" }
QRQA-10247-2-flip
Scuffy was a puppy, and now he is a sick dog. Now that Scruffy is smaller, shorter, and balder than before, Scrufffy can take care of himself
{ "text": [ "better", "worse" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
As animals grow their bones get longer and bigger, they grow more hair, and are able to take care of themselves by getting food, shelter, and water.
QRSent-10247
{ "effect_prop": "ability to care for self", "cause_dir_str": "", "effect_dir_str": "", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "growth" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "better", "less_effect_dir": "worse", "less_cause_prop": "dog", "more_effect_prop": "care of himself", "less_effect_prop": "care of himself", "less_cause_dir": "care of himself" }
QRQA-10127-4-flip
A car with 4 cylinders is _____ than a car with 6 cylinders.
{ "text": [ "less powerful", "more powerful" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
The more cylinders a car engine has, the more powerful its engine can be.
QRSent-10127
{ "effect_prop": "power", "cause_dir_str": "more", "effect_dir_str": "more", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "cyliders" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "more powerful", "less_effect_dir": "less pwerful", "less_cause_prop": "cylinders", "more_effect_prop": "car", "less_effect_prop": "car", "less_cause_dir": "car" }
QRQA-10013-4
What happens to the pressure inside of Jim's beaker if he increases the amount of collisions between particles inside of it?
{ "text": [ "decreases", "increases" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
More particles inside the container means more collisions, and more collisions mean a higher pressure.
QRSent-10013
{ "effect_prop": "pressure", "cause_dir_str": "more", "effect_dir_str": "higher", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "collisions" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "increases", "less_effect_dir": "decreases", "less_cause_prop": "", "more_effect_prop": "pressure", "less_effect_prop": "pressure", "less_cause_dir": "pressure" }
QRQA-10353-2
Sasha exercises her muscles with weights daily, while Tanya does not exercise ever. Who likely has stronger muscles?
{ "text": [ "Sasha", "Tanya" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
Aerobic exercise increases the size and strength of muscles in the heart and helps all your muscles develop greater endurance.
QRSent-10353
{ "effect_prop": "strength of muscles", "cause_dir_str": "", "effect_dir_str": "increases", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "aerobic exercise" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "stronger", "less_effect_dir": "", "less_cause_prop": "exercise", "more_effect_prop": "muscles", "less_effect_prop": "", "less_cause_dir": "" }
QRQA-10366-3-flip
Jolene's grandmother just turned 66 years old. She is _____ likely to be diagnosed with breast cancer than her granddaughter.
{ "text": [ "more", "less" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
Breast cancer is rare in teens but becomes more common as females get older.
QRSent-10366
{ "effect_prop": "rare breast cancer", "cause_dir_str": "older", "effect_dir_str": "more common", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "teens" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "more", "less_effect_dir": "less", "less_cause_prop": "", "more_effect_prop": "likely to be diagnosed with breast cancer", "less_effect_prop": "likely to be diagnosed with breast cancer", "less_cause_dir": "likely to be diagnosed with breast cancer" }
QRQA-10026-4-flip
When particles get farther apart what happens to the amplitude?
{ "text": [ "increases", "decreases" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
The closer together the particles in a longitudinal wave are, the greater the amplitude.
QRSent-10026
{ "effect_prop": "amplitude", "cause_dir_str": "closer", "effect_dir_str": "greater", "cause_dir_sign": "LESS", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "distance" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "increase", "less_effect_dir": "decreases", "less_cause_prop": "", "more_effect_prop": "amplitude", "less_effect_prop": "amplitude", "less_cause_dir": "amplitude" }
QRQA-10141-4-flip
If you have a wire that is short it will have
{ "text": [ "low resistance", "high resistance" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
Longer length resistors will offer more resistance than shorter resistors.
QRSent-10141
{ "effect_prop": "resistantce", "cause_dir_str": "longer", "effect_dir_str": "more", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "resistor length" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "high", "less_effect_dir": "low", "less_cause_prop": "wire", "more_effect_prop": "resistance", "less_effect_prop": "resistance", "less_cause_dir": "resistance" }
QRQA-10395-2-flip
If Mona is climbing a mountain and she moves to the bottom of the mountain, what happens to the air pressure pressing against her skin?
{ "text": [ "increases", "decreases" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
At higher elevations, there is less air to press on a given area.
QRSent-10395
{ "effect_prop": "air to press on a given area", "cause_dir_str": "higher", "effect_dir_str": "less", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "LESS", "cause_prop": "higher elevations" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "increases", "less_effect_dir": "decreases", "less_cause_prop": "mountain", "more_effect_prop": "air pressure", "less_effect_prop": "air pressure", "less_cause_dir": "air pressure" }
QRQA-10356-2
A large piece of wire will carry _____ current than a thin wire.
{ "text": [ "more", "less" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
Thicker resistors offer less resistance than thinner resistors.
QRSent-10356
{ "effect_prop": "resistance", "cause_dir_str": "thicker", "effect_dir_str": "less", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "LESS", "cause_prop": "resistors" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "more", "less_effect_dir": "less", "less_cause_prop": "wire", "more_effect_prop": "energy", "less_effect_prop": "energy", "less_cause_dir": "energy" }
QRQA-10233-5
If Jim is playing with some objects and moving them around and he moves them closer together, the gravitational force between them
{ "text": [ "increases", "decreases" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
The closer objects are to each other, the stronger the gravitational force between them.
QRSent-10233
{ "effect_prop": "gravitational force", "cause_dir_str": "closer", "effect_dir_str": "stronger", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "closer objects" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "increases", "less_effect_dir": "decreases", "less_cause_prop": "", "more_effect_prop": "gravitational force", "less_effect_prop": "gravitational force", "less_cause_dir": "gravitational force" }
QRQA-10349-3-flip
Mary is looking through her new telescope. She sees some objects in space that are exerting gravitational pulls on each other. If the first two objects are 50,000 miles apart, and the second set of objects are 100,000 miles apart from each other, then the gravitational pull of the second set of objects is
{ "text": [ "greater", "less." ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
The closer objects are, the stronger the gravitational pull between them.
QRSent-10349
{ "effect_prop": "gravitational pull", "cause_dir_str": "closer", "effect_dir_str": "stronger", "cause_dir_sign": "LESS", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "closer objects are" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "greater", "less_effect_dir": "less", "less_cause_prop": "", "more_effect_prop": "gravitational pull", "less_effect_prop": "gravitational pull", "less_cause_dir": "gravitational pull" }
QRQA-10060-4
Sam creates a replica of an ocean. He decreases the size of the ocean basin, which should _____ the sea level of the model.
{ "text": [ "decrease", "increase" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
Sea level rises if an increase in seafloor spreading rate buoys up the ocean crust, causing the ocean basin to become smaller.
QRSent-10060
{ "effect_prop": "ocean basin", "cause_dir_str": "rises", "effect_dir_str": "smaller", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "LESS", "cause_prop": "sea level" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "", "less_effect_dir": "decreases", "less_cause_prop": "the sea level of the model", "more_effect_prop": "", "less_effect_prop": "the size of the ocean basin", "less_cause_dir": "the size of the ocean basin" }
QRQA-10198-1-flip
Carl cooled water for hot tea, and knew that as the water boiled, the vibrations would
{ "text": [ "increase", "decrease" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
Warmer molecules vibrate faster than cooler ones.
QRSent-10198
{ "effect_prop": "vibrations", "cause_dir_str": "warmer", "effect_dir_str": "faster", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "warm" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "increase", "less_effect_dir": "decrease", "less_cause_prop": "water", "more_effect_prop": "vibrations", "less_effect_prop": "vibrations", "less_cause_dir": "vibrations" }
QRQA-10032-5-flip
Dana was walking outside on a dark day, and then went into a bright theater. Dana's pupil will now likely be _____ compared to when she was outside
{ "text": [ "smaller", "larger" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
The pupil automatically gets bigger or smaller to let more or less light in as needed.
QRSent-10032
{ "effect_prop": "light", "cause_dir_str": "bigger", "effect_dir_str": "bigger", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "LESS", "cause_prop": "pupil" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "bright", "less_effect_dir": "dark", "less_cause_prop": "pupil", "more_effect_prop": "theater", "less_effect_prop": "day", "less_cause_dir": "day" }
QRQA-10224-5
When people learned how to farm the population
{ "text": [ "decreased", "increased" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
More recently, the death rate has fallen because of the availability of more food and medical advances.
QRSent-10224
{ "effect_prop": "death", "cause_dir_str": "more", "effect_dir_str": "fallen", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "LESS", "cause_prop": "food and medicine" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "decreased", "less_effect_dir": "increased", "less_cause_prop": "", "more_effect_prop": "population", "less_effect_prop": "population", "less_cause_dir": "population" }