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{ "text": [ "Earth gives light and heat energy to the Sun.", "Earth gives only heat energy to the Sun.", "The Sun gives light and heat energy to Earth.", "The Sun gives only light energy to Earth." ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

{ "text": [ "Sexual reproduction produces identical offspring.", "Sexual reproduction results in less adaptable offspring.", "Sexual reproduction generates a large number of offspring.", "Sexual reproduction results in genetic variation in offspring." ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

{ "text": [ "The sugar dissolved the salt.", "The salt and sugar changed color.", "The sugar and the salt were unchanged.", "The salt and sugar formed a new material." ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

{ "text": [ "Some stars shine brighter during different seasons.", "The Sun shines on different stars during different seasons.", "Earth changes position in its orbit during different seasons.", "The Moon changes position in its orbit during different seasons." ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

{ "text": [ "a table", "a pie chart", "a line graph", "a scatterplot" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

{ "text": [ "independent assortment.", "polygenic inheritance.", "incomplete dominance.", "multiple alleles." ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

{ "text": [ "Our guitars are made using hand tools.", "We make our guitars to your specifications.", "We produce and sell thousands of guitars each year.", "Our guitars are the best quality your money can buy." ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

{ "text": [ "converts more electricity into heat.", "spins at a slower rate than the original fan.", "requires more electricity than the original fan.", "reduces the percentage of heat lost to the atmosphere." ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

{ "text": [ "equal to the force of the ball.", "continually changing with the ball.", "greater than the force of the ball.", "less than the force of the ball." ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

{ "text": [ "Earth", "Pluto", "the Moon", "the Sun" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

{ "text": [ "Plants slow the runoff of water and soil.", "Plant roots grow in rocks, breaking the rocks.", "Plant roots hold the soil in place against wind.", "Plants break the impact of raindrops before they hit the soil." ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

{ "text": [ "Sunlight", "Grass", "Rabbit", "Snake" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

{ "text": [ "a bat flying at night", "a deer drinking water", "an owl eating a mouse", "a squirrel storing nuts" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

{ "text": [ "brick", "soccer ball", "note pad", "quarter" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

{ "text": [ "Horses and rhinoceroses share a common ancestor.", "Horses and rhinoceroses are genetically identical.", "Horses are the ancestors of modern rhinoceroses.", "Horses have descended from modern rhinoceroses." ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

{ "text": [ "Mg(NO_{3})_{2} + K_{2}CO_{3} -> MgCO_{3} + KNO_{3}", "Mg(NO_{3})_{2} + K_{2}CO_{3} -> MgCO_{3} + 2KNO_{3}", "2Mg(NO_{3})_{2} + K_{2}CO_{3} -> 2MgCO_{3} + KNO_{3}", "Mg(NO_{3})_{2} + 2K_{2}CO_{3} -> MgCO_{3} + 2KNO_{3}" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

{ "text": [ "sort the cans by size", "put the cans in water", "cool the cans to a low temperature", "put the cans under an electromagnet" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

{ "text": [ "Egg and sperm join together.", "Pollen and seed join together.", "Offspring have traits of only one parent.", "Offspring are identical to one parent." ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

{ "text": [ "core", "radiative zone", "convection zone", "chromosphere" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

{ "text": [ "They show unconformities, which signal changes in deposition.", "They hold index fossils, which are used to date the different ice cores.", "They contain evidence showing changes in the atmospheric composition over time.", "They follow the Law of Superposition, which gives reasons for extinctions of species." ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

{ "text": [ "was the first to be developed", "was most recently developed", "shows the arrangement most clearly", "shows the details needed for a specific purpose" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

{ "text": [ "repeat the investigation", "change the volume of water", "add more salt to the mixture", "do the investigation without salt" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

{ "text": [ "The volume will stay the same, and the pitch will be higher.", "The pitch will stay the same, and the volume will be higher.", "Both the pitch and the volume will be higher.", "Both the pitch and the volume will stay the same." ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

{ "text": [ "clay", "plastic", "soil", "pebbles" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

{ "text": [ "a balanced force is being applied.", "a frictional force is being exerted.", "an unbalanced force is being applied.", "a gravitational force is being exerted." ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

{ "text": [ "a bar graph", "a line graph", "a pie chart", "a pictograph" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

{ "text": [ "Enzymes work at all pH levels.", "Enzymes decrease the rate of metabolism.", "Enzymes enable reactions to occur at lower temperatures.", "Enzymes raise the activation energy needed for a reaction." ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

{ "text": [ "increasing biodiversity", "increasing water clarity", "decreasing algae blooms", "decreasing oxygen levels" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

{ "text": [ "People can drive off-road bikes across the desert.", "Ranchers can let their cattle graze in areas with little plant growth.", "Construction workers can wet the ground before driving on it or digging.", "Farmers can remove all plant material in the soil between planting seasons." ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

{ "text": [ "smelling it", "touching it", "weighing it", "measuring it" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

{ "text": [ "designing a process", "generating output", "giving feedback", "setting a goal" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

{ "text": [ "sinking of water as it circulates southwest", "reversal of current direction back toward the European coast", "rise in water salinity and upwelling of affected currents", "rapid evaporation and acceleration of currents toward the pole" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

{ "text": [ "planets", "moons", "nebulae", "comets" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

{ "text": [ "Most soils have many rocks.", "Most soils are found in layers.", "Most soils hold the same amounts of water.", "Most soils have the same texture." ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

{ "text": [ "coal", "minerals", "petroleum", "sunlight" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

{ "text": [ "a 0.5 kg mass with a 1000 m/s velocity", "a 1 kg mass with a 100 m/s velocity", "a 10 kg mass with an 11 m/s velocity", "a 100 kg mass with a 2 m/s velocity" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

{ "text": [ "Competition will increase between bobcats and panthers.", "Competition will decrease between bobcats and panthers.", "Competition will increase between white-tailed deer and bobcats.", "Competition will decrease between white-tailed deer and panthers." ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

{ "text": [ "It has melted.", "It has sublimated.", "It has evaporated.", "It has condensed." ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

{ "text": [ "change of state", "release of energy", "temperature change", "formation of a new substance" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

{ "text": [ "Mixing the chemicals caused them to absorb heat.", "A chemical reaction took place.", "New elements were formed.", "The procedure caused a gas to be formed." ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

{ "text": [ "Electricity flows along one pathway.", "The flow of electricity comes from one source.", "Electricity flows along more than one pathway.", "The flow of electricity comes from more than one source." ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

{ "text": [ "The conclusion is valid because they tested two different brands.", "The conclusion is invalid because the test had multiple variables.", "The conclusion is valid because they conducted the investigation in a lab.", "The conclusion is invalid because the real names of the batteries were hidden." ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

{ "text": [ "It is always better to leave data in a table than to graph it.", "Bar graphs are the best type of graphs for scientific data.", "For any given set of data, there is only one correct graph or way to display it.", "Data can be displayed in many types of graphs in order to show different things about the data." ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

{ "text": [ "only from his father", "only from his mother", "from both his father and his mother", "from either his father or his mother, but not from both" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

{ "text": [ "eye color.", "athletic ability.", "number of teeth.", "shape of earlobes." ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

{ "text": [ "gathering the resources for a plant investigation", "recording how much a plant grew daily for a week", "predicting how much a plant will grow in one week", "explaining why a plant grew differently under certain conditions" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

{ "text": [ "lions preying on zebras", "monkeys using twigs to get food", "birds following migratory patterns", "bears opening coolers at campsites" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

{ "text": [ "It is twice as large.", "It contains more electrons.", "It stores more chemical energy.", "It destroys less energy when used." ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

{ "text": [ "to make reports longer", "so results can be published", "to demonstrate professionalism", "so experiments can be replicated" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

{ "text": [ "It has been empirically proved to be true.", "It has passed extensive, independent tests of its predictions.", "It is clearer, simpler, and more plausible than other models.", "It provides guidelines for Earth-science investigations that are scientifically valid." ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

{ "text": [ "fog", "rain", "snow", "clouds" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

{ "text": [ "decrease the temperature of the factory water", "increase the temperature of the river water", "remove the vegetation from the river", "add more fish to the river" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

{ "text": [ "Chemical X is an element.", "Chemical X is soluble in water.", "Substances Y and Z are elements.", "Substances Y and Z are compounds." ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

{ "text": [ "height", "eye color", "hair color", "fingerprints" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

{ "text": [ "They are similar in shape.", "They rotate in the same direction.", "They contain the same number of stars.", "They have similar elements." ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

{ "text": [ "ecosystem damage and loss of land", "reduced carbon dioxide emission", "only suitable for industrial use", "creates reservoirs" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

{ "text": [ "Power is produced inexpensively.", "Air pollution is produced.", "Oil spills may occur.", "The local ecosystem may be disrupted." ], "label": [ "1", "2", "3", "4" ] }

{ "text": [ "The change in the wood is reversible.", "The energy in the wood is destroyed.", "The change in the wood is physical.", "The energy in the wood is transformed." ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

{ "text": [ "a cooler climate", "a warmer climate", "lower relative humidity", "more ozone in the atmosphere" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

{ "text": [ "only SS", "only Ss", "Ss or SS", "ss or SS" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

{ "text": [ "2 m^3 of bricks", "4 m^3 of bricks", "6000 m^3 of air", "10,000 m^3 of air" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

{ "text": [ "a conveyor belt that transports materials", "a storage bin that holds the pieces needed to assemble a car", "the computer room that controls the assembly process", "the generator that provides energy for the factory" ], "label": [ "1", "2", "3", "4" ] }

{ "text": [ "A student smells a flower.", "A teacher lights a candle.", "A student colors a paper blue.", "A teacher feels a rough cloth." ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

{ "text": [ "It will begin to boil.", "It will become a solid.", "It will turn into a gas.", "It will increase in weight." ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

{ "text": [ "sugar", "table salt", "sulfuric acid", "sodium hydroxide" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

{ "text": [ "Its acidity has been increased.", "More oxygen has been dissolved in it.", "Impurities have been removed.", "Its molecules have higher chemical energies." ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

{ "text": [ "mantle", "asthenosphere", "hydrosphere", "ozone layer" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

{ "text": [ "5 cm", "10 m/s", "15 newtons", "50 grams" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

{ "text": [ "technology being used to help heal people.", "medical procedures being used to hurt people.", "expensive medicines being used for many purposes.", "the solution to one problem causing another problem." ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

{ "text": [ "shiver", "sweat", "blink his eyes", "feel sleepy" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

{ "text": [ "using heat to burn a log in a fireplace", "using light to produce sugar in plants", "a cake that was baked from many ingredients", "a bottle that was broken into many small pieces" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

{ "text": [ "Five limbs are grafted onto the same tree.", "New plants are grown from pieces of other plants.", "A fertilized egg cell divides to produce an embryo.", "Offspring are produced that have the same genetic information as the parent." ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

{ "text": [ "having a large number of seeds", "having a resistance to herbicides", "having roots that develop rapidly", "having leaves that form at a slow rate" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

{ "text": [ "the distance the roller coaster car must travel", "the mass of the roller coaster car at full capacity", "the average weight of an empty roller coaster car", "the direction that the roller coaster car is traveling" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

{ "text": [ "Plants do not need minerals, and animals do.", "Plants produce their own food, and animals do not.", "Plants do not produce oxygen, and animals do.", "Plants need sunlight, and animals do not." ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

{ "text": [ "6 meters", "3 meters", "2 meters", "1 meter" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

{ "text": [ "Deer shed their antlers in the fall.", "Newts drop their tails when threatened.", "Anglerfish produce light to attract other fish.", "Otters produce oil to coat their fur and make it waterproof." ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

{ "text": [ "deciding which type of wood to use", "removing extra nails from the wood", "attaching different pieces of wood together", "determining where to cut the wood into pieces" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

{ "text": [ "Acoustical -> Mechanical -> Electrical", "Mechanical -> Acoustical -> Chemical", "Chemical -> Electrical -> Acoustical", "Electrical -> Acoustical -> Chemical" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

{ "text": [ "growth.", "fertilization.", "binary fission.", "gamete development." ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

{ "text": [ "erosion", "polluting", "deposition", "weathering" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

{ "text": [ "Scientists can present data in different formats.", "Scientific results can be interpreted in different ways.", "Scientists are capable of making unsupported claims.", "Scientific results are often different from the expected results." ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

{ "text": [ "height.", "weight.", "coat color.", "preferred food." ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

{ "text": [ "specialize.", "reproduce.", "use energy.", "make protein." ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

{ "text": [ "newspapers.", "phonebooks.", "paper towels.", "soda cans." ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

{ "text": [ "by decreasing the force of gravity acting on the parachutist", "by decreasing the total mass of the parachutist", "by increasing the surrounding air pressure around the parachute", "by increasing the total surface area of the parachute" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

{ "text": [ "type of vascular tissue", "use of photosynthesis", "presence of cell walls", "production of oxygen" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

{ "text": [ "to become better hunters.", "in order to re-populate the Earth.", "in response to an altering environment.", "to become useful for humans." ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

{ "text": [ "fall", "spring", "summer", "winter" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

{ "text": [ "Is everyone wearing goggles?", "Who will get the minerals from the shelf?", "What is the purpose of this investigation?", "Has someone volunteered to make drawings of the breaks?" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

{ "text": [ "biochemical makeup", "behavioral makeup", "genetics", "habitat size" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

{ "text": [ "by helping to prevent food allergies", "by encouraging people to eat healthy foods", "by helping to keep people from becoming ill", "by curing diseases caused by lack of vitamins" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

{ "text": [ "C_{6}H_{12}O_{6} -> 6CO_{2} + 6H_{2}O", "6CO_{2} + 6H_{2}O -> C_{6}H_{12}O_{6} +6O_{2}", "2H_{2}O -> 2H_{2} + O_{2}", "2H_{2} + O_{2} -> 2H_{2}O" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

{ "text": [ "100% purple flowers", "100% white flowers", "75% white flowers, 25% purple flowers", "25% white flowers, 75% purple flowers" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

{ "text": [ "runoff", "evaporation", "condensation", "transpiration" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

{ "text": [ "concentrated nutrients and a steep salt gradient", "abundant shelter and concentrated nutrients", "a steep salt gradient and shallow water", "shallow water and abundant shelter" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

{ "text": [ "The behavior is a random act.", "The behavior is the result of a genetic mutation.", "The behavior is inherited from the bird's parents.", "The behavior is learned over the lifetime of the bird." ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

{ "text": [ "The mass and weight will change.", "The mass and weight will stay the same.", "The mass will stay the same, but the weight will change.", "The mass will change, but the weight will stay the same." ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

{ "text": [ "parasitism", "symbiosis", "coexistence", "mutualism" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

{ "text": [ "a trench is forming", "new crust is forming", "oceanic crust is subducting", "a continental plate is subducting" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }