Datasets:

agentlans

/

Capybara

like 0

[ { "from": "human", "value": "What is the answer to the following math word problem?:the incomes of two persons a and b are in the ratio 3 : 4 . if each saves rs . 100 per month , the ratio of their expenditures is 1 : 2 . find their incomes ?\n choice:150\n choice:200\n choice:298\n choice:217\n choice:287\n choice:219\nA:" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "217." } ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "With no explanation, label the following with either \"linguistic-bias\" or \"not linguistic-bias\".\nin 2011 nintendo greatly expanded the ds legacy by releasing the nintendo 3ds based upon a glasses free 3d display " }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "linguistic-bias." } ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "With no explanation, chose the best option from \"A\", \"B\", \"C\" or \"D\". nominal owner. This claim may be cognizable under New York rulings that have recognized ownership in persons other than owners of record. For example, in Ryen v. Terry (In re Terry), 56 B.R. 713 (Bankr.W.D.N.Y.1986), a bankruptcy trustee sued to recover a disability payment of $19,000 that the debtor had deposited in her mother's bank account. Although the mother had sole legal title to the funds, the bankruptcy court granted the trustee's motion for turnover, holding that a bailment had been created by the debtor's deposit of funds into her mother's account, and that “[ujnder the bailment, the debtor did not transfer her equitable nor beneficial interests in those funds to her mother.” Id. at 715. See also Herzfeld & Stern v. Freidus, 69 Misc.2d 578, 330 N.Y.S.2d 479 (1st Dep't 1971) (<HOLDING>); Bottiglieri v. Berman, 55 Misc.2d 263, 284\n\nA: holding that where both vessels had the same owner it was not an abuse of discretion to give 75 of the salvage award to the owner\nB: holding stock dividend payable to actual owner not owner of record\nC: recognizing a cause of action by the owner of contaminated property against a previous owner who allegedly caused the contamination\nD: holding that the current property owner may not assert a public nuisance claim against the former owner" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "B." } ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "Mary was helping Patricia's daughter put on makeup because _ watches a lot of makeup tutorials." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Mary." } ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "With no explanation, label the following with either \"surprise\", \"love\", \"neutral\" or \"anger\".\npulled up @ walmart aunt got out went in I fell asleep 2 hours later.... were r you?! lol" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "surprise." } ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "With no explanation, label A→B with either \"not_paraphrase\" or \"paraprhase\".\nA: Pines said he would convene the relevant party bodies within 10 days to discuss whether new elections would be held or whether a temporary leader would be appointed.\nB: In order to decide whether new elections would be held or whether a provisional leader would be appointed, it was said by Pine that he would assemble the pertinent party groups in 10 days." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "paraprhase." } ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "With no explanation, label A→B with either \"entailment\" or \"not-entailment\".\nA: Huishan fine clay figurines, mainly refers to the the hand-pinched drama, more away from the appearance of playing tricks, and become a pure decoration. The fine clay are heavy by hand, and there are about 15 processes, such as mud beating, mud kneading, foot kneading, body kneading, head loading, phase opening, luan loading and so on. Shaping very fine fingers without cracking and breaking depends on the excellent strength and hardness of the black clay in Huishan area. The hand-pinched drama mainly shows the drama scenes of Beijing and Kunming and some images of Buddhism and Taoism, mostly in groups of two or three people. The works offered by Wang Chunlin and Zhou Asheng mentioned above should fall into this category. Due to the accurate proportion of the characters, the typical movements of the characters are grasped when the most wonderful part of the play is grasped, and the painting is vivid and looks forward to life, just like the theatre.\nB: The content of the Huishan fine clay figurines mentioned above is the relationship of inheritance." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "entailment." } ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "With no explanation, label A→B with either \"aunt\", \"mother-in-law\", \"father-in-law\" or \"grandson\".\nA: [Margaret] went shoe shopping with her sister [Constance]. [Patrice]'s son [Darryl] made a crayon drawing for [Elsie], [Patrice]'s mother. [Steven] invited his children [Constance], [James], and [Cesar], on a cruise vacation. [James] and his brother, [Cesar], could not go because they had to work. [Darryl] and his brother [Dan] had a tie score. [Dan] asked his sister, [Nora], to come up with a tie-breaker. [Eric] bought gifts for his lovely sister, [Nora] [Elsie] was excited to visit her son, [Cesar], at college.\nB: ('Eric', 'Margaret')" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "aunt." } ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "With no explanation, label the following with either \"de\", \"vi\", \"ur\" or \"pl\".\nSchönes Sonntag Nachmittags Outfit im Winter!! :D Lästiges verrutschen, etc. entfällt künftig! Zudem netter Gag da diese Art relativ unbekannt und mal was anderes -> gut geeignet als Geschenk. Qualität des Stoffes ist okay, aber nicht top. Fazit: Insgesamt gute P/L Verhältnis und zu empfehlen!" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "de." } ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "Q: Which plants predominantly comprise forests?\n choice: flowers\n choice: trees\n choice: moss\n choice: all\n choice: seaweed\nA:" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "moss." } ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "With no explanation, label the following with either \"ar\", \"th\", \"nl\" or \"pt\".\nتساعد أصغر وحدة لغوية صرفية جديدة ذات معنى على بقاء حداثة أول ابتكار لها (مثل تيليثون ل أيثون) حيث تبين أنه مفيد, تقريبا كما لو كان بمحض الصدفة ، ويجلب شيئا جديدا إلى المصطلح." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "ar." } ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "Q: I walk the world, but I am no longer here; I am pale, and I chill anyone who comes close to me. Who am I?\n choice: canal\n choice: life\n choice: ghost\n choice: bar\n choice: haunt\nA:" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "bar." } ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "With no explanation, chose the best option from \"A\", \"B\", \"C\" or \"D\". Which of the following places has to do with the first telegram in history?\nMay: Happenings form the Past\nMay 5, 1884\nIsaac Murphy, son of a slave and perhaps the greatest horse rider in American history, rides Buchanan to win his first Kentucky Derby. He becomes the first rider ever to win the race three times.\nMay 9, 1754\nBenjamin Franklin's Pennsylvania Gazette produces perhaps the first American political cartoon(），showing a snake cut in pieces with the words \"John or Die \" printed under the picture.\nMay 11, 1934\nThe first great dust storm of the Great Plains Dust Bowl, the result of years of drought(），blows topsoil all the way to New York City and Washington,\nD.C.\nMay 19, 1994\nJacqueline Lee Bouvier Kennedy Onassis, former first lady and one of the most famous people of the 1960s, died of cancer in New York City at the age of 64.\nMay 24,1844\nSamuel F.B. Morse taps out the first message, \"What hath God wrought,\" over the experimental long-distance telegraph line which runs from Washington,D.C., to Baltimore, Md.\n\nA: New York City.\nB: Kentucky.\nC: Pennsylvania.\nD: Washington,D.C." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "D." } ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "With no explanation, label A→B with either \"notsarc\" or \"sarc\".\nA: any two adults can run the household, one can make the decision if the other is incapacitated, one inherits when the other dies, etc etc. that parallel does not carry over to group marriages. when one dies, who inherits? if one is incapacitied, who decides what the treatment should be? basically, pretty much none of the marriage benefit laws that are on the book make any sense for groups of more than two, so recongnising group marriages is a huge legal task, and one for which the outcomes are far from obvious. if we're talking about legal recognition, and we are (right?), then the cases are wildly different. our marriage laws, for better or worse, are set up on the assumption of two adults running a household. they also assume man and wife, true, but don't actually depend on that. but the dependence on there being two people is embedded in the laws; changing that is a huge project.\nB: \"yes, but gays would also want laws changed to accomodate their form of marriage as well. the fact that one requires less change than the other shouldn't matter, should it? should having to do more reworking of laws and more paperwork hinder the pursuit of equality? it seems to me your argument boils down to \"\"polygamy requires more work to make the laws accomodate it.\"\" yeah--such is the price for marriage equality.let's face it--if society really wanted to make marriage an open-ended institution of equality rather than for opposite-sex couples which comprise most relationships, they could pull it off--polygamy, gays, letting 17 year olds marry, etc. all those civil servants are there and can do it as directed as legislation is changed. means could be set up to determine inheritance, for example. laws can be worded to do it.\"" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "notsarc." } ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "With no explanation, chose the best option from \"A\", \"B\" or \"C\". W: Oh, I'm fed up with my job.\nM: Hey, there's a perfect job for you in the paper today. You might be interested.\nW: Oh, what is it? What do they want?\nM: Wait a minute. Uh, here it is. The European Space Agency is recruiting translators.\nW: The European Space Agency?\nM: Well, that's what it says. They need an English translator to work from French or German.\nW: So they need a degree in French or German, I suppose. Well, I've got that. What's more, I have plenty of experience. What else are they asking for?\nM: Just that. A university degree and three or four years of experience as a translator in a professional environment. They also say the person should have a lively and inquiring mind, effective communication skills and the ability to work individually or as a part of the team.\nW: Well, if I stay at my present job much longer, I won't have any mind or skills left. By the way, what about salary? I just hope it isn't lower than what I get now.\nM: It's said to be negotiable. It depends on the applicant's education and experience. In addition to basic salary, there's a list of extra benefits. Have a look yourself.\nW: Hm, travel and social security plus relocation expenses are paid. Hey, this isn't bad. I really want the job.\nWhat are the key factors that determine the salary of the new position?\n\nA: Lively personality and inquiring mind.\nB: Education and experience.\nC: Devotion and work efficiency." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "B." } ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "With no explanation, label each line with \"O\", \"I-Disease\" or \"B-Disease\" preceded by \":\".\nBACKGROUND\n/\nAIMS\nThe\ndevelopment\nof\ncolorectal\ncancer\nand\na\nvariable\nrange\nof\nextracolonic\nmanifestations\nin\nfamilial\nadenomatous\npolyposis\n(\nFAP\n)\nis\nthe\nresult\nof\nthe\ndominant\ninheritance\nof\nadenomatous\npolyposis\ncoli\n(\nAPC\n)\ngene\nmutations\n." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "BACKGROUND:O\n/:O\nAIMS:O\nThe:O\ndevelopment:O\nof:O\ncolorectal:B-Disease\ncancer:I-Disease\nand:O\na:O\nvariable:O\nrange:O\nof:O\nextracolonic:O\nmanifestations:O\nin:O\nfamilial:B-Disease\nadenomatous:I-Disease\npolyposis:I-Disease\n(:O\nFAP:B-Disease\n):O\nis:O\nthe:O\nresult:O\nof:O\nthe:O\ndominant:O\ninheritance:O\nof:O\nadenomatous:B-Disease\npolyposis:I-Disease\ncoli:I-Disease\n(:O\nAPC:B-Disease\n):O\ngene:O\nmutations:O\n.:O" } ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "With no explanation, label the following with either \"nothate\" or \"hate\".\nParis is SO bad now compared to previous decades. Tons of weirdos standing around selling counterfeit watches, bags and DVDs. And yeah, a lot of them hang out in groups and beat people up, mug them etc." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "nothate." } ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "With no explanation, chose the best option from \"A\" or \"B\". how to roast butternot squash\n\nA: Preheat oven to 400 degrees F (200 degrees C). Toss squash slices, Parmesan cheese, thyme, olive oil, salt, and pepper together in a bowl until the squash is evenly coated; spread into a jelly jar. Roast in preheated oven until golden brown and tender, 25 to 30 minutes.\nB: Preheat oven to 400 degrees F (200 degrees C). Toss squash slices, Parmesan cheese, thyme, olive oil, salt, and pepper together in a bowl until the squash is evenly coated; spread into a jelly roll pan. Roast in preheated oven until golden brown and tender, 25 to 30 minutes." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "B." } ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "Q: Three animal families inhabited an old oak - a buzzard made her nest at the top, a lynx and her kittens found a convenient hole in the middle of its trunk, and a boar with her children found shelter in its roots. The lynx, however, decided to destroy this accidental neighborhood. To this end, she spoke to the buzzard: \"We are both in great danger! The boar plans to uproot the tree and feast on both of our families.\". Next, the lynx spoke to the boar: \"I overheard the buzzard planning to pounce upon your little piglets the next time you’re away foraging for food.\" Having thus terrified both of her neighbors, the lynx hid in her hollow, only sneaking out during the night to procure food for herself and her family. At the same time, neither the buzzard nor the boar dared to leave their homes, being weary and scared of each other. Thus, they both soon perished of hunger, as did their families, and the lynx devoured their remains. What is the moral of this story?\n choice: Destroy the seed of evil, or it will grow up to your ruin.\n choice: Revenge will hurt the avenger.\n choice: Do not blindly trust gossipers.\n choice: Better starve free than be a fat slave.\n choice: Evil wishes, like chickens, come home to roost.\nA:" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Revenge will hurt the avenger.." } ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "With no explanation, label A→B with either \"entailment\" or \"neutral\".\nA: Carl August von Steinheil played accordion instruments . The person has 4 kids . EMBO Membership (1985) was won by Carl August von Steinheil . The person worked in Astronomy, Physics, Engineering, Mathematics fields . The resting place of Carl August von Steinheil is Munich, Palapala Ho'omau Church . propagandist are the occupations of this person . This person has a website named 4everbrandy.com . The person named Carl August von Steinheil died on July 6,2008 . California Institute of Technology (1938–1941), Trade Ministry of Bavaria, Newcastle, Heaton, University of Marburg are the institutions Carl August von Steinheil worked at . new wave these are the genres in which Carl August von Steinheil sings . Carl August von Steinheil is related to Joaquín Guzmán López . Carl August von Steinheil sings in Mood Muzik labels . This person is resided at (French Riviera) . 69 was the age of the person . Carl August von Steinheil was married with Igor Cassini (1969-1972) . The person named Carl August von Steinheil's date of birth is November 26, 1992 . The charges against this person are 33 counts of murder\nB: Carl August von Steinheil was not born in a leap year" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "neutral." } ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "With no explanation, label the following with either \"non_irony\" or \"irony\".\nThat's always the solution..... #not. Doesn't fix anything!" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "irony." } ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "With no explanation, label the following with either \"5 stars\", \"1 star\", \"2 star\" or \"3 stars\".\nLooking for something fun to do with either a group of friends, date night or team building? Check this place out.\\n\\nI have never taken a cooking class before, so I was super pumped to try out Alyssa's Kitchen for the first time last night for Mediterranean Cuisine night.\\n\\nFour people to a station. Pick wisely... you have to cook with these people for the next couple hours. They give you everything you need. Ingredients, pots & pans, kitchen gadgets & tools... even an apron. The only thing you need to bring in (I mean that you can bring in): wine or beer. The classes are BYOB.\\n\\nChef Alyssa walks you through each dish and all the steps. They use a camera to put her on a big screen. She also walks around to answer any questions and help. I had a battle with my artichokes. Chef Alyssa came to my rescue to show me up close how to fight them... er, clean them.\\n\\nWe made three dishes last night: Stewed Artichokes, Stuffed Grape Leaves and Olive Oil cake. We were going to sear some fish too, but the fish and pans were not getting along. She improvised and showed us how to season them properly... then popped them in the oven.\\n\\nThis class is well worth the money. They range from $45-$60. You get to cook, eat the yummy food and get a little book to take home that has all the recipes in it. Check the schedule! There are all kinds of different classes available.. all levels. Some of the upcoming include a knife class and a Superbowl spread one. Hello spicy pulled chicken sliders. Yum.\\n\\nSuper convenient location too... right inside Atherton Market on South Blvd. I will definitely be back." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "5 stars." } ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "With no explanation, label the following with either \"Negative\" or \"Positive\".\nIf you seen Rodney Dangerfield's previous movies and performances, you'll recognise several of the jokes made in this delightful piece of art. Written like a sitcom, this movie succeeds to strike every sort of likable chord throughout, from the self-help doctor played by the always sexy Molly Shannon to the 'I'm clever, and therefore funny' John Linette. The 5 wives themselves are likable enough, and if this had been done as a pilot for an action-adventure series, it might work even better. Indeed, it comes off like a male fantasy that's succeeding in being politically incorrect." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Positive." } ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "With no explanation, label the following with either \"not text-level-bias\" or \"text-level-bias\".\nI was banned from r videos for linking to a google search of the nudes he sends out So fuck GallowBoob Here are his NSFW nudes he allegedly sends to kids on Reddit Link q gallowboob nude client safari hl en us prmd ivn source lnms tbm isch sa X ved 2ahUKEwjX7NOX6sXhAhXD11kKHeooDOsQ AUoAXoECAwQAQ biw 414 bih 719 " }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "text-level-bias." } ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "With no explanation, label the following with either \"Not-Related\" or \"Related\".\nThree patients, in whom tumour overkill by cytotoxic treatment, including high dose methotrexate with folinic acid rescue, resulted in the 'phosphate shower syndrome' (hyper-uricaemia, hyperkalaemia and hyperphosphataemia with hypocalcaemia and tetany, with metabolic acidosis and acute renal impairment) are described." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Related." } ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "With no explanation, label A→B with either \"entailment\" or \"not-entailment\".\nA: Tom was doing a report on Jewish culture. He decided to go to a local temple to find out more about it. He stayed for a sermon and talked to people there. Tom heard many rich experiences. He gave a copy of his report to everyone he interviewed.\nB: Tom wrote his report. starts after he heard many rich experiences" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "entailment." } ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "With no explanation, label the following with either \"Hope_speech\", \"Non_hope_speech\" or \"not-English\".\nNo matter the reasons people have to rebel against a goverment unneccesary violence like looting and defacing statues is more mob mentality. The reason we have invented modern democracy (flawed as it is) is so people could solve disputes with discussion and peacefull assembly. A society where everyone would have the right to assembly free speech and protection t from discrimination would come together vote on people to run the country and set rules (that did not violate the members rights) that governed the country. People who violated these rules or supected to would have a chance to prove they did not do it. Such a society requires peacefull discussion of the matters at hand. In such a society there is no need for rioting" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Non_hope_speech." } ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "With no explanation, chose the best option from \"A\", \"B\", \"C\", \"D\", \"E\", \"F\", \"G\" or \"H\". A<unk> escape complex is a normal response that may result from excessive vagal tone on the SA node (e.g. digoxin toxicity), a pathological slowing of the SA discharge, or a complete AV block.\n\nA: Junctional rhythm\nB: Ultradian rhythm\nC: Ectopic beat\nD: Ventricular escape beat\nE: Electrical alternans\nF: High frequency QRS\nG: Infradian rhythm\nH: Junctional escape beat" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "H." } ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "The board of directors reviewed the findings of the scientists to determine funding because they are interested in the potential profits for the company. : they :" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The board of directors." } ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "With no explanation, chose the best option from \"A\", \"B\", \"C\" or \"D\". From the last parts (para7-11), we can infer that _ .\nOccasionally, my father came back drunk. Late at night, he beat on the door, pleading to my mother to open it .He was on his way home from drinking, gambling, or some combination thereof, misspending money that we could have used and wasting time that we desperately needed.\nIt was the late-1970s. My parents were separated. My mother was now raising a group of boys on her own. My father spouted off about what he planned to do for us, buy for us.In fact, he had no intention of doing anything. As a father who was supposed to love us, in fact, he lacked the understanding of what it truly meant to love a child--or to hurt one. To him, this was a harmless game that kept us excited and begging. In fact, it was a cruel, corrosive lie. I lost faith in his words and in him. I wanted to stop caring, but I couldn't.\nMaybe it was his own complicated relationship to his father and his father's family that caused him cold. Maybe it was the pain and guilt associated with a life of misfortune. Who knows. Whatever it was, it stole him from us, and particularly from me.\nWhile my brothers talked about breaking and fixing things, I spent many of my evenings reading and wondering. My favorite books were a set of encyclopedias given by my uncle. They allowed me to explore the world beyond my world, to travel without leaving, to dream dreams greater than my life would otherwise have supported. But losing myself in my own mind also meant that I was completely lost to my father. Not understanding me, he simply ignored me--not just emotionally, but physically as well. Never once did he hug me, never once a pat on the back or a hand on the shoulder or a tousling of the hair.\nMy best memories of him were from his episodic attempts at engagement with us. During the longest of these episodes , once every month or two, he would come pick us up and drive us down the interstate to Trucker's Paradise, a seedy, smoke-filled, truck stop with gas pumps, a convenience store, a small dining area and a game room through a door in the back. My dad gave each of us a handful of quarters, and we played until they were gone. He sat up front in the dining area, drinking coffee and being particular about the restaurant's measly offerings.\nI loved these days. To me, Trucker's Paradise was paradise. The quarters and the games were fun but easily forgotten. It was the presence of my father that was most treasured. But, of course, these trips were short-lived.\nIt wasn't until I was much older that I would find something that I would be able to _ as evidence of my father's love.\nWhen the Commodore 64 personal computer debuted, I convinced myself that I had to have it even though its price was out of my mother's range. So I decided to earn the money myself. I mowed every yard I could find that summer for a few dollars each, yet it still wasn't enough. So my dad agreed to help me raise the rest of the money by driving me to one of the watermelon farms south of town, loading up his truck with wholesale melons and driving me around to sell them. He came for me before daybreak. We made small talk, but it didn't matter. The fact that he was talking to me was all that mattered. I was a teenager by then, but this was the first time that I had ever spent time alone with him. He laughed and repeatedly introduced me as \"my boy,\" a phrase he relayed with a sense of pride. It was one of the best days of my life.\nAlthough he had never told me that he loved me, I would _ that day as the greatest evidence of that fact. He had never intended me any wrong. He just didn't know how to love me right. He wasn't a mean man. So I took these random episodes and _ them like a thing most precious, storing them in my mind for the long stretches of coldness when a warm memory would prove most useful.\nIt just goes to show that no matter how friendless the father, no matter how deep the damage, no matter how shattered the bond, there is still time, still space, still a need for even the smallest bit of evidence of a father's love.\n\"My boy.\"\n\nA: father intended to show a loving father he was but failed.\nB: I would definitely treasure all the small love from father\nC: I couldn't understand Father's love unless he expressed to me\nD: father liked to show off his family before others" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "B." } ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "With no explanation, label the following with either \"sw\", \"el\", \"nl\" or \"th\".\nJambo moja kuhusu maendeleo ya nyumbani za njiani za baada ya vita ilikuwa ni wingi wa watoto, na kuchukuliwa kama miji ya watoto, ilikuwa imeundwa kiajabu." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "sw." } ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "With no explanation, chose the best option from \"A\" or \"B\". Why do sleeping pills have warning labels stating, \"Caution: may cause drowsiness\"?\n\nIsn't that a little redundant?\n\nA: \nB: Sleeping pills have warnings stating that they may cause drowsiness, because there is a known risk of next-morning impairment with these drugs [1]. Some people have complex sleep behaviors, such as sleepwalking, driving while sleeping, or engaging in other unsafe activities, while asleep [2]. The FDA added a Boxed Warning — the most prominent warning a drug can have — to the prescribing information, known as labeling, and patient Medication Guides of Ambien and similar drugs [4]. Additionally, the FDA added a contraindication, which is the agency's strongest warning, stating that patients who have experienced an episode of complex sleep behavior should not take these drugs [4]. " }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "B." } ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "Is the following statement true or false? Output T for true and F for false.\nQ: Steak tartare was invented by Mongol warriors who tenderized meat under their saddles.\nA:" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "F." } ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "With no explanation, label A→B with either \"DON'T KNOW\", \"NO\" or \"YES\".\nA: Two Comanche code talkers were assigned to each regiment and the remainder were assigned to the 4th Infantry Division headquarters. Shortly after landing on Utah Beach on June 6, 1944, the Comanche began transmitting messages. Some were killed during the invasion, but none were wounded.\nB: If a zealously motivated government official wanted to ensure that combat-death benefits were paid to as many GI's as possible, could he reasonably claim that some code talkers did indeed succumb to battlefield wounds, even if they were able to leave Utah beach alive?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "NO." } ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "With no explanation, label the following with either \"not sure\", \"yes\" or \"no\".\n\"WASHINGTON -- Of all the problems the economy has, inflation apparently isn't one of them.</br></br>November's consumer price index rose 0.4%, the Labor Department said. While that's higher than October's 0.1% increase, it doesn't challenge the view that inflation is relatively well-behaved.</br></br>A whitefly infestation in California caused produce prices to skyrocket -- lettuce prices leapt 44.5% -- as grocery store food prices rose 0.8% overall. Many economists feel that the food price jump, plus an increase in gasoline prices, overstated the November increase. The index's core rate, which excludes the volatile food and energy sectors, climbed just 0.3%.</br></br>The report sparked further calls for the Federal Reserve to lower interest rates once more. The consumer price figures are \"\"certainly not putting up any impediments\"\" to further easing, said Martin Regalia, chief economist at the National Council of Savings Institutions. On the other hand, he added, the index alone won't be enough to induce a rate drop.</br></br>This year, the overall consumer price index has grown at a 2.9% annual rate, compared with 6.4% last year.\"" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "no." } ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "With no explanation, label A→B with either \"False\" or \"True\".\nA: what county is bethlehem pa in\nB: The Valley embraces a trio of cities (Bethlehem, Allentown and Easton ) within two counties (Lehigh and Northampton), making it Pennsylvania's third-largest metropolitan area ." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "False." } ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "Since Craig threw aluminum cans in the trash and Benjamin recycled, _ was environmentally irresponsible." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Craig." } ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "With no explanation, label the following with either \"not sure\", \"yes\" or \"no\".\nLUDWIGSHAFEN, Germany -- During a decade as chief executive of BASF AG, Juergen Strube has bucked business cycles and prevailing political winds to transform a provincial German company into the world's biggest integrated chemicals group.</br></br>After the collapse of communism in the early 1990s, BASF forged a controversial alliance with Russian natural-gas producer RAO Gazprom and spent billions of dollars building pipelines across Germany; today, oil and gas is the company's most profitable division. During the 1998 Asian economic crisis, BASF snapped up chemical producers in Korea and speeded up construction of huge chemical complexes in Malaysia and China. Earlier this year, Mr. Strube flouted the furor in Europe over genetically modified crops by launching a 700 million euro ($664 million) research blitz in plant biotechnology. Then, raising the ante, BASF shelled out $3.8 billion for the agrochemical division of American Home Products Corp.</br></br>This week, Mr. Strube is pitching an Old Economy story to investors besotted with the New Economy. BASF stock begins trading on the New York Stock Exchange today.</br></br>It's the kind of challenge Mr. Strube savors. For all its global clout, BASF remains a relative unknown in U.S. financial markets. American investors currently hold a meager 8.5% of the German company's shares outstanding.</br></br>BASF isn't issuing any new stock in conjunction with the New York listing. But Mr. Strube hopes the U.S. stock market debut will boost the company's valuation and enable BASF to use its shares to finance future U.S. acquisitions. Despite spending 243 million euros so far on a two billion euro share-buyback program, BASF stock is down more than 10% so far this year at yesterday's closing price of 44.75 euros." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "no." } ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "With no explanation, label A→B with either \"Synchrony\", \"Pragmatic concession\", \"Alternative\" or \"Pragmatic cause\".\nA: futures trading, however, was halted altogether at 3:45, after the futures markets had dropped an additional 30 points, which is the daily limit for price declines\nB: at this point, the options markets also shut down and once more left all sales to be handled by the new york stock exchange" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Synchrony." } ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "With no explanation, label A→B with either \"entailment\" or \"neutral\".\nA: The resting place of John Legend is Vale Cemetery . The doctoral students of John Legend are Moritz Traube . The charges against this person are Disorderly conduct . John Legend was wedded to Dennis Rodman , ( m. 1998; div. 1999) . This person was active from 1951-2000 . co-founder Navketan Films (1949), actor, Singer, songwriter, record producer are the occupations of this person . Élysée Palace is where John Legend had a residence . kehlanimusic.com is John Legend's website . 13 is the number of kids that the person has . John Legend has songs in the genres pop ballad, soul, acoustic rock . Vocals, piano instruments were played by John Legend . Songs by John Legend are in Columbia, GOOD labels . Copley Medal (1795) were the awards that Copley Medal (1795) won . March 2, 1971 is when John Legend was born\nB: John Legend has been convicted for Disorderly conduct" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "entailment." } ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "With no explanation, label A→B with either \"not_related\" or \"related\".\nA: Stephen King wrote 7 novels under a pen name.\nB: Paul Camille Hippolyte Brouardel -LRB- 13 February 1837 , Saint-Quentin , Aisne -- 23 July 1906 -RRB- was a French pathologist , hygienist , and member of the Academie Nationale de Medecine .. pathologist. pathologist. hygienist. hygienist. Academie Nationale de Medecine. Academie Nationale de Medecine. In 1858 he became an externe at the Hopital Cochin in Paris , and in 1865 earned his medical doctorate .. Paris. Paris. In 1873 he became director of medical services at the Hopital Saint-Antoine and la Pitie .. la Pitie. Pitie-Salpetriere Hospital. In 1879 he became a professor of forensics at the Faculte de Medecine de Paris , and succeeded Auguste Ambroise Tardieu -LRB- 1818 -- 1879 -RRB- as doyen of French forensic medicine .. Paris. Paris. forensics. forensics. Faculte de Medecine de Paris. Faculte de Medecine de Paris. Auguste Ambroise Tardieu. Auguste Ambroise Tardieu. doyen. doyen. forensic medicine. forensic medicine. From 1884 to 1904 he was chair of the Consultative Committee of Hygiene , and in 1899 was elected president of the French Association for the Advancement of Sciences -LRB- AFAS -RRB- .. Hygiene. Hygiene. Brouardel was a leading authority of French forensic medicine , and was also a passionate advocate concerning all aspects of public health and hygiene .. forensic medicine. forensic medicine. He was at the forefront of issues such as food safety , tuberculosis , venereal disease , child abuse , alcoholism and public decency .. food safety. food safety. tuberculosis. tuberculosis. venereal disease. venereal disease. child abuse. child abuse. alcoholism. alcoholism. public decency. public decency. Brouardel was a major influence on the career of neurologist Georges Gilles de la Tourette -LRB- 1857 -- 1904 -RRB- .. neurologist. neurologist. Georges Gilles de la Tourette. Georges Gilles de la Tourette. With physician Ernest Mosny -LRB- 1861 -- 1918 -RRB- , he was co-author of the multi-volume Traite d'hygiene , and with Augustin Nicolas Gilbert -LRB- 1858 -- 1927 -RRB- and Joseph Girode , he published the 10-volume Traite de medecine et de Therapeutique -LRB- 1895 -- 1902 -RRB- .. Ernest Mosny. Ernest Mosny. Augustin Nicolas Gilbert. Augustin Nicolas Gilbert" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "not_related." } ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "With no explanation, chose the best option from \"A\", \"B\" or \"C\". suppose eggs dry out due to less water happens, how will it affect edges of plates crumple more.\n\nA: less\nB: no effect\nC: more" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "B." } ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "With no explanation, chose the best option from \"A\" or \"B\". What’s the difference between an embassy and a consulate?\n\nA: An embassy is a permanent diplomatic mission, and is generally located in a country's capital city. [1] An embassy is responsible for representing the home country, handling major diplomatic issues, and preserving the rights of its citizens abroad. [2] The ambassador is the highest official in the embassy and acts as the chief diplomat and spokesperson for the home government. [2] Usually, if a country recognizes another as being sovereign, an embassy is established to maintain foreign relations and provide assistance to traveling citizens. [2]\n\nBy contrast, a consulate is a smaller version of an embassy and is generally located in the larger tourist cities of a country, but not the capital. [2] A consulate is essentially a satellite office of the embassy, but its roles are limited in scope, usually pertaining to and prioritizing the interests and concerns of its people and businesses abroad. [4]\nB: The difference between an embassy and a consulate is that an embassy is the main location for a diplomatic presence of one country in another, and a consulate is a smaller version of an embassy and is generally located in the larger tourist cities of a country, but not the capital [1,4]. \n\nEmbassies are the center for high-level government interactions, and play a role in major international relations, such as preparing treaties and arranging official state visits [4]. The head of an embassy is the ambassador, who is the official representative authorized to speak on behalf of the head of state of the country [4]. \n\nConsulates, while having the same official duties as embassies, usually operate as lesser branches that deal with more administrative issues [4]. The top priority of consulates is to generally assist citizens of the home country traveling or living abroad [4]. This may involve helping citizens who have been detained by authorities or injured in the country, and monitoring the security situation in the area [4]." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "B." } ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "With no explanation, label the following with either \"Sports\", \"World\", \"Sci/Tech\" or \"Business\".\nThis could be the week for a Patriots loss The New England Patriots might be like no other powerhouse in NFL history. They almost never dominate, they just always win -- a record 21 victories in a row including the postseason, 18 straight in the regular season." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Sports." } ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "With no explanation, label the following with either \"😂\", \"❤\", \"😁\" or \"💕\".\nWeatherman: \"It's going to be a chilly one out there today!\" Me: \"this ain't t nothin \" I'm…" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "😂." } ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "With no explanation, chose the best option from \"A\" or \"B\". What is the difference between mold, bacteria, and yeast?\n\nWhat exactly is the difference between the three? They're all considered microbial correct?\n\nA: Mold is multi-cellular filaments, whereas yeast is a single-celled organism [1]. Yeast is a eukaryote, whereas bacteria are prokaryotes [4]. Additionally, yeast belongs to the kingdom Fungi, and bacteria belong to the kingdom Monera [4]. The main difference is that yeast is a single-celled organism and mold is multi-cellular filaments [2, 1]. Yeast can reproduce asexually through budding, whereas mold reproduces sexually [2, 3]. The major similarity between yeast and mold is that both are fungi [3, 5].\nB: The main difference between yeast, mold, and bacteria is the size and cellular structure. Yeast is a single-celled organism, mold is composed of multi-cellular filaments, and bacteria are smaller and more numerous [1]. Molds are also fungi, while bacteria are not. Both bacteria and yeast reproduce by budding, while mold reproduces by the production of sexual or asexual spores [3]. Finally, both yeast and mold are saprotrophs, while bacteria are autotrophic meaning they can produce their own food [4]." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "B." } ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "With no explanation, chose the best option from \"A\", \"B\", \"C\" or \"D\". Lyle and Johnny had met in Intro to Psych. Neither of them completed the course. Johnny was taking it because he was in first year and still believed that University life was about becoming an educated person rather than about getting in, getting out and getting paid. As such he had signed up for Intro to Psych and Intro to Advanced Physics as the two first year electives in his Computer Science Degree rather than the much more traditional Intro to Logic (which anyone who knows the difference between if and iff can ace) and Science and Society (which gets you your humanities requirement without having to actually take a humanities courses). Lyle's reasons for being in the course were much more mysterious. Johnny noticed him straight off: The punker with the green mohawk sitting just to the left of centre in Convocation Hall, where PSY 100 was held. It was a 9am Monday morning class, the first university class in the lives of most of the students. Yet Lyle did not have the same air of trepidation about him that hovered over the rest of those in attendance. He sat calmly with his Docs up on the back of the seat in front of him, knitting. Whereas almost everyone else in the hall (Johnny included, he was embarrassed to later recall) had brought with them a shiny new binder bought at Wal-Mart (or Grand and Toy for the rich kids) and a pencil case with not only pencils and erasers but pens in blue, black and red, Lyle had three sheets of folded paper which had clearly been pulled from his pockets minutes earlier and a red Bic pen without a cap sitting on his fold-down desk.\nThe instructor was a frightened looking graduate student named Mohammed Haj-Mosawi who spoke English with a very thick accent and did so in a voice that would have been rather too quiet for polite dinner conversation, never mind lecturing to 800 students. He did however, come armed with some pretty serious PowerPoint slides. When Johnny first saw Lyle?\n\nA: After he walked in to PSY 100 classroom\nB: Both walked in together.\nC: not enough information\nD: Before going to the cafeteria" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "A." } ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "With no explanation, chose the best option from \"A\", \"B\", \"C\" or \"D\". Maybe it was the color before shadows were applied to it.\n\nA: I was disappointed in the shade that came off more pink than red.\nB: It has a noticeably stronger blue component compared to red, while the color of the floor has nearly equal levels of blue and red.\nC: It wasn't a success okay, it was, but it wasn't something i would make again.\nD: When i apply it, it sometimes doesn't look so bad." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "B." } ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "With no explanation, label each line with \"O\", \"I-Disease\" or \"B-Disease\" preceded by \":\".\nUsing\nmethylation\n-\nsensitive\nrestriction\nenzymes\n,\nwe\ncharacterized\nthe\nmethylation\npattern\non\nthe\n5\nside\nof\nthe\nCTG\nrepeat\nin\nthe\nDMPK\ngene\nof\nnormal\nindividuals\nand\nof\npatients\naffected\nwith\nmyotonic\ndystrophy\n,\nshowing\nexpansions\nof\nthe\nrepetitive\nsequence\n." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Using:O\nmethylation:O\n-:O\nsensitive:O\nrestriction:O\nenzymes:O\n,:O\nwe:O\ncharacterized:O\nthe:O\nmethylation:O\npattern:O\non:O\nthe:O\n5:O\nside:O\nof:O\nthe:O\nCTG:O\nrepeat:O\nin:O\nthe:O\nDMPK:O\ngene:O\nof:O\nnormal:O\nindividuals:O\nand:O\nof:O\npatients:O\naffected:O\nwith:O\nmyotonic:B-Disease\ndystrophy:I-Disease\n,:O\nshowing:O\nexpansions:O\nof:O\nthe:O\nrepetitive:O\nsequence:O\n.:O" } ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "With no explanation, label A→B with either \"Conjunction\", \"Exception\", \"Concession\" or \"Pragmatic cause\".\nA: for the 12 weeks ended sept. 3, skipper's had net income of $361,000, or 13 cents a share, compared with a net loss a year earlier\nB: revenue was $19.9 million" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Conjunction." } ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "With no explanation, label the following with either \"neg\" or \"pos\".\nAfter all these years of solving crimes, you would've expected criminals to know that they can't afford making mistakes with him, especially not with regards to talking much. This time<br /><br />Columbo goes to college, and actually explains his entire technique, but for some reason the murderer still doesn't pay enough attention. However, this still creates wonderful scenes and delightful dialogues." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "pos." } ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "With no explanation, label the following with either \"non-hate\" or \"hate\".\n@user YOU OWE HER FAMILY AN APOLOGY FOR BRINGING HER MURDERER TO CANADA!!! He's still here & us taxpayers are paying to feed, house and protect him #nooneprotectedMarissa #whatifitwasyourfamilymember #yourenotmovingfastenoughonthis #NOMOREREFUGEES" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "hate." } ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "With no explanation, label the following with either \"not sure\", \"yes\" or \"no\".\n\"MORE STATES consider tax cuts as economic growth lifts revenues.</br></br>At least 20 states are seriously considering tax cuts, says Steven D. Gold of the Center for the Study of the States in Albany, N.Y. That is the largest number since 1985. \"\"The stronger economy clearly is easing state budget pressures,\"\" Gold says. A few states, notably New Jersey, may cut individual income taxes sharply. But most states' reductions \"\"won't be large enough to make a significant difference in people's take-home pay,\"\" he predicts.</br></br>State tax revenues rose 6.1% in 1993's second half from a year earlier, a report by the center says. Those gains came primarily from stronger economic growth. Rocky Mountain states, especially Wyoming, posted the biggest increases. Mississippi, helped by a \"\"casino-related boom,\"\" also enjoyed strong growth, Gold says. But a Merrill Lynch report warns that California, struggling to emerge from a deep recession, still faces \"\"severe\"\" problems.</br></br>\"\"California has a tax climate that is hostile to both businesses and individuals,\"\" says Donald Straszheim, Merrill Lynch's chief economist.</br></br>CONNECTICUT TRIES to fix a bizarre tax-law quirk.\"" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "no." } ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "With no explanation, label the following with either \"9\", \"7\", \"2\" or \"6\".\n112 S.Ct. 2184\n504 U.S. 648\n119 L.Ed.2d 432\nBURLINGTON NORTHERN RAILROAD COMPANY, Petitioner,v.William D. FORD and Thomas L. Johnson.\nNo. 91-779.\nArgued April 20, 1992.\nDecided June 12, 1992.\n\n\nSyllabus\n\nRespondents sued petitioner, their employer, under the Federal Employers' Liability Act in the state court in Yellowstone County, Montana. That court denied petitioner's motions to change venue to Hill County, where petitioner claimed to have its principal place of business in Montana. The State Supreme Court affirmed, ruling that Montana's venue rules—which permit a plaintiff to sue a corporation incorporated in that State only in the county of its principal place of business, but permit suit in any county against a corporation, like petitioner, that is incorporated elsewhere—do not work a discrimination violating the Fourteenth Amendment's Equal Protection Clause.\nHeld: The distinction in treatment contained in Montana's venue rules does not offend the Equal Protection Clause. Those rules neither deprive petitioner of a fundamental right nor classify along suspect lines like race or religion, and are valid because they can be understood as rationally furthering a legitimate state interest: adjustment of the disparate interests of parties to a lawsuit in the place of trial. Montana could reasonably determine that only the convenience to a corporate defendant of litigating in the county of its home office outweighs a plaintiff's interest in suing in the county of his choice. Petitioner has not shown that the Montana venue rules' hinging on State of incorporation rather than domicile makes them so under- or overinclusive as to be irrational. Besides, petitioner, being domiciled outside Montana, would not benefit from a rule turning on domicile, and therefore cannot complain of a rule hinging on State of incorporation. Power Manufacturing Co. v. Saunders, 274 U.S. 490, 47 S.Ct. 678, 71 L.Ed. 1165, distinguished. Pp. 2185-2188.\n--- Mont. ----, 819 P.2d 169 (1991), affirmed.\nSOUTER, J., delivered the opinion for a unanimous Court.\nBetty Jo Christian, Washington, D.C., for petitioner.\nJoel I. Klein, Washington, D.C., for respondents.\nJustice SOUTER delivered the opinion of the Court.\n\n\n1\nMontana's venue rules permit a plaintiff to sue a corporation incorporated in that State only in the county of its principal place of business, but permit suit in any county against a corporation incorporated elsewhere. This case presents the question whether the distinction in treatment offends the Equal Protection Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment, U.S. Const. Amdt. 14, § 1. We hold that it does not.\n\n\n2\nRespondents William D. Ford and Thomas L. Johnson were employed by petitioner Burlington Northern Railroad Company, a corporation owing its existence to the laws of Delaware and having a principal place of business in Fort Worth, Texas. Ford and Johnson raised a claim under the Federal Employers' Liability Act (FELA), 35 Stat. 65, as amended, 45 U.S.C. §§ 51-60, and brought suit in the state trial court for Yellowstone County, Montana, alleging injuries sustained while working at Burlington's premises in Sheridan, Wyoming. In each case, Burlington moved to change venue to Hill County, Montana, where it claimed to have its principal place of business in that State. The trial court denied each motion, and Burlington brought interlocutory appeals.\n\n\n3\nThe Supreme Court of Montana consolidated the two cases and affirmed the decisions of the trial court. --- Mont. ----, 819 P.2d 169 (1991). Under the Montana venue rules, the court said, a foreign corporation may be sued in any of Montana's counties. Id., at ----, 819 P.2d, at 171. The court rejected Burlington's argument that the State's venue rules worked a discrimination violating the Fourteenth Amendment's Equal Protection Clause. The Montana venue rules, the court explained, were subject merely to rational-basis review, id., at ----, 819 P.2d, at 173, which was satisfied, at least in these cases, by the consonance of the rules with federal policy, embodied in FELA, of facilitating recovery by injured railroad workers, id., at ---- - ----, 819 P.2d, at 173-174. Besides, the court said, Montana's venue rules did not even discriminate against Burlington, since Ford and Johnson could have sued the corporation in the Federal District Court for Montana, which sits in Yellowstone County, among other places. Id., at ----, 819 P.2d, at 175. We granted certiorari, 502 U.S. ----, 112 S.Ct. 964, 117 L.Ed.2d 130 (1992), and, although our reasoning differs from that of the State Supreme Court, now affirm.*\n\n\n4\nA Montana statute provides that \"the proper place of trial for all civil actions is the county in which the defendants or any of them may reside at the commencement of the action.\" Mont.Code Ann. § 25-2-118(1) (1991). But, \"if none of the defendants reside in the state, the proper place of trial is any county the plaintiff designates in the complaint.\" § 25-2-118(2). The Supreme Court of Montana has long held that a corporation does not \"reside in the state\" for venue purposes unless Montana is its State of incorporation, see, e.g., Haug v. Burlington Northern R. Co., 236 Mont. 368, 371, 770 P.2d 517, 519 (1989); Foley v. General Motors Corp., 159 Mont. 469, 472-473, 499 P.2d 774, 776 (1972); Hanlon v. Great Northern R. Co., 83 Mont. 15, 21, 268 P. 547, 549 (1928); Pue v. Northern Pacific R. Co., 78 Mont. 40, 43, 252 P. 313, 315 (1926), and that a Montana corporation resides in the Montana county in which it has its principal place of business, see, e.g., Mapston v. Joint School District No. 8, 227 Mont. 521, 523, 740 P.2d 676, 677 (1987); Platt v. Sears, Roebuck & Co., 222 Mont. 184, 187, 721 P.2d 336, 338 (1986). In combination, these venue rules, with exceptions not here relevant, permit a plaintiff to sue a domestic company in just the one county where it has its principal place of business, while a plaintiff may sue a foreign corporation in any of the State's 56 counties. Burlington claims the distinction offends the Equal Protection Clause.\n\n\n5\nThe Fourteenth Amendment forbids a State to \"deny to any person within its jurisdiction the equal protection of the laws.\" U.S. Const., Amdt. 14, § 1. Because the Montana venue rules neither deprive Burlington of a fundamental right nor classify along suspect lines like race or religion, they do not deny equal protection to Burlington unless they fail in rationally furthering legitimate state ends. See, e.g., United States v. Sperry Corp., 493 U.S. 52, 64, 110 S.Ct. 387, 396, 107 L.Ed.2d 290 (1989); Dallas v. Stanglin, 490 U.S. 19, 25, 109 S.Ct. 1591, 1595, 104 L.Ed.2d 18 (1989).\n\n\n6\nVenue rules generally reflect equity or expediency in resolving disparate interests of parties to a lawsuit in the place of trial. See, e.g., Citizens & Southern National Bank v. Bougas, 434 U.S. 35, 44, n. 10, 98 S.Ct. 88, 94, n. 10, 54 L.Ed.2d 218 (1977); Denver & R.G.W.R. Co. v. Trainmen, 387 U.S. 556, 560, 87 S.Ct. 1746, 1748, 18 L.Ed.2d 954 (1967); Van Dusen v. Barrack, 376 U.S. 612, 623, 84 S.Ct. 805, 812, 11 L.Ed.2d 945 (1964); F. James & G. Hazard, Civil Procedure 47 (3d ed. 1985). The forum preferable to one party may be undesirable to another, and the adjustment of such warring interests is a valid state concern. Cf. United States Railroad Retirement Bd. v. Fritz, 449 U.S. 166, 178, 101 S.Ct. 453, 461, 66 L.Ed.2d 368 (1980). In striking the balance between them, a State may have a number of choices, any of which would survive scrutiny, each of them passable under the standard tolerating some play in the joints of governmental machinery. See Bain Peanut Co. of Texas v. Pinson, 282 U.S. 499, 501, 51 S.Ct. 228, 229, 75 L.Ed. 482 (1931). Thus, we have no doubt that a State would act within its constitutional prerogatives if it were to give so much weight to the interests of plaintiffs as to allow them to sue in the counties of their choice under all circumstances. It is equally clear that a State might temper such an \"any county\" rule to the extent a reasonable assessment of defendants' interests so justified.\n\n\n7\nHere, Montana has decided that the any-county rule should give way to a single-county rule where a defendant resides in Montana, arguably on the reasonable ground that a defendant should not be subjected to a plaintiff's tactical advantage of forcing a trial far from the defendant's residence. At the same time, Montana has weighed the interest of a defendant who does not reside in Montana differently, arguably on the equally reasonable ground that for most nonresident defendants the inconvenience will be great whether they have to defend in, say, Billings or Havre. See Power Manufacturing Co. v. Saunders, 274 U.S. 490, 498, 47 S.Ct. 678, 681, 71 L.Ed. 1165 (1927) (Holmes, J., dissenting). Montana could thus have decided that a nonresident defendant's interest in convenience is too slight to outweigh the plaintiff's interest in suing in the forum of his choice.\n\n\n8\nBurlington does not, indeed, seriously contend that such a decision is constitutionally flawed as applied to individual nonresident defendants. Nor does it argue that such a rule is unconstitutional even when applied to corporate defendants without a fixed place of business in Montana. Burlington does claim, however, that the rule is unconstitutional as applied to a corporate defendant like Burlington that not only has its home office in some other State or country, but also has a place of business in Montana that would qualify as its \"principal place of business\" if it were a Montana corporation.\n\n\n9\nBurlington's claim fails. Montana could reasonably have determined that a corporate defendant's home office is generally of greater significance to the corporation's convenience in litigation than its other offices; that foreign corporations are unlikely to have their principal offices in Montana; and that Montana's domestic corporations will probably keep headquarters within the State. We cannot say, at least not on this record, that any of these assumptions is irrational. Cf. G.D. Searle & Co. v. Cohn, 455 U.S. 404, 410, 102 S.Ct. 1137, 1142, 71 L.Ed.2d 250 (1982); Metropolitan Casualty Ins. Co. v. Brownell, 294 U.S. 580, 585, 55 S.Ct. 538, 540, 79 L.Ed. 1070 (1935). And upon them Montana may have premised the policy judgment, which we find constitutionally unimpeachable, that only the convenience to a corporate defendant of litigating in the county containing its home office is sufficiently significant to outweigh a plaintiff's interest in suing in the county of his choice.\n\n\n10\nOf course Montana's venue rules would have implemented that policy judgment with greater precision if they had turned on the location of a corporate defendant's principal place of business, not on its State of incorporation. But this is hardly enough to make the rules fail rational-basis review, for \"rational distinctions may be made with substantially less than mathematical exactitude.\" New Orleans v. Dukes, 427 U.S. 297, 303, 96 S.Ct. 2513, 2517, 49 L.Ed.2d 511 (1976); see Hughes v. Alexandria Scrap Corp., 426 U.S. 794, 814, 96 S.Ct. 2488, 2500, 49 L.Ed.2d 220 (1976); Lindsley v. Natural Carbonic Gas Co., 220 U.S. 61, 78, 31 S.Ct. 337, 340, 55 L.Ed. 369 (1911). Montana may reasonably have thought that the location of a corporate defendant's principal place of business would not be as readily verifiable as its State of incorporation, that a rule hinging on the former would invite wasteful side shows of venue litigation, and that obviating the side shows would be worth the loss in precision. These possibilities, of course, put Burlington a far cry away from the point of discharging its burden of showing that the under- and overinclusiveness of Montana's venue rules is so great that the rules can no longer be said rationally to implement Montana's policy judgment. See, e.g., Brownell, supra, 294 U.S., at 584, 55 S.Ct., at 540. Besides, Burlington, having headquarters elsewhere, would not benefit even from a scheme based on domicile, and is therefore in no position to complain of Montana's using State of incorporation as a surrogate for domicile. See Roberts & Schaefer Co. v. Emmerson, 271 U.S. 50, 53-55, 46 S.Ct. 375, 376-377, 70 L.Ed. 827 (1926); cf. United States v. Raines, 362 U.S. 17, 21, 80 S.Ct. 519, 522, 4 L.Ed.2d 524 (1960).\n\n\n11\nBurlington is left with the argument that Power Manufacturing Co. v. Saunders, supra, controls this case. But it does not. In Saunders, we considered Arkansas' venue rules, which restricted suit against a domestic corporation to those counties where it maintained a place of business, 274 U.S., at 491-492, 47 S.Ct., at 678-679, but exposed foreign corporations to suit in any county, id., at 492, 47 S.Ct., at 679. We held that the distinction lacked a rational basis and therefore deprived foreign corporate defendants of the equal protection of the laws. Id., at 494, 47 S.Ct., at 679. The statutory provision challenged in Saunders, however, applied only to foreign corporations authorized to do business in Arkansas, ibid., so that most of the corporations subject to its any-county rule probably had a place of business in Arkansas. In contrast, most of the corporations subject to Montana's any-county rule probably do not have their principal place of business in Montana. Thus, Arkansas' special rule for foreign corporations was tailored with significantly less precision than Montana's, and, on the assumption that Saunders is still good law, see American Motorists Ins. Co. v. Starnes, 425 U.S. 637, 645, n. 6, 96 S.Ct. 1800, 1805, n. 6, 48 L.Ed.2d 263 (1976), its holding does not invalidate Montana's venue rules.\n\n\n12\nIn sum, Montana's venue rules can be understood as rationally furthering a legitimate state interest. The judgment of the Supreme Court of Montana is accordingly\n\n\n13\n\nAffirmed.\n\n\n\n\n*\n The decision below is final for purposes of 28 U.S.C. § 1257(a). See American Motorists Ins. Co. v. Starnes, 425 U.S. 637, 642, n. 3, 96 S.Ct. 1800, 1803, n. 3, 48 L.Ed.2d 263 (1976).\n\n\n" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "9." } ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "With no explanation, label the following with either \"vi\", \"th\", \"ur\" or \"sw\".\nBiểu diễn trước hơn 6.500 sinh viên từ K-12, cho các hội nghị chuyên nghiệp của tiểu bang, cho sự kiện truyền thông Pan-Am và cho Hoa Kỳ" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "vi." } ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "With no explanation, chose the best option from \"A\", \"B\", \"C\" or \"D\". The passage describes the magnetosphere as a barrier (line 10) because\nThe spectacular aurora light displays that appear in Earth's atmosphere around the north and south magnetic poles were once mysterious phenomena. Now, scientists have data from satellites and ground-based observations from which we know that the aurora brilliance is an immense electrical discharge similar to that occurring in a neon sign.\nTo understand the cause of auroras, first picture the Earth enclosed by its magnetosphere, a huge region created by the Earth's magnetic field. Outside the magnetosphere, blasting toward the earth is the solar wind, a swiftly moving plasma of ionized gases with its own magnetic filed. Charged particles in this solar wind speed earthward along the solar wind's magnetic lines of force with a spiraling motion. The Earth's magnetosphere is a barrier to the solar winds, and forces the charged particles of the solar wind to flow around the magnetosphere itself. But in the polar regions, the magnetic lines of force of the Earth and of the solar wind bunch together. Here many of the solar wind's charged particles break through the magnetosphere and enter Earth's magnetic field. They then spiral back and forth between the Earth's magnetic poles very rapidly. In the polar regions, electrons from the solar wind ionize and excite the atoms and molecules of the upper atmosphere, causing them to emit aurora radiations of visible light.\nThe colors of an aurora depend on the atoms emitting them. The dominant greenish white light comes from low energy excitation of oxygen atoms. During huge magnetic storms oxygen atoms also undergo high energy excitation and emit crimson light. Excited nitrogen atoms contribute bands of color varying from blue to violet. Viewed from outer space, auroras can be seen as dimly glowing belts wrapped around each of the Earth's magnetic poles. Each aurora hangs like a curtain of light stretching over the polar regions and into the higher latitudes. When the solar flares that result in magnetic storms and aurora activity are very intense, aurora displays may extend as far as the southern regions of the United States.\nStudies of auroras have given physicists new information about the behavior of plasmas, which has helped to explain the nature of outer space and is being applied in attempts to harness energy from the fusion of atoms.\n\nA: its position makes it difficult to be observed from Earth\nB: it prevents particles from the solar wind from easily entering Earth's atmosphere\nC: it is strongest in the polar regions\nD: it increases the speed of particles from the solar wind" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "B." } ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "With no explanation, label the following with either \"support\", \"information\", \"policy\" or \"constituency\".\n#NoKXL presser 1 p.m. Eastern in Rayburn 2456 w/ @janschakowsky, @erichpica, @MauraCowley, @Public_Citizen #KeystoneXL #Keystone #green" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "support." } ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "With no explanation, label the following with either \"Interpretations\", \"Effective Dates\", \"Litigations\" or \"Vacations\".\nAny reference in this Agreement to Section 409A of the Code will also include any proposed, temporary or final regulations, or any other guidance, promulgated with respect to such Section by the U.S. Department of the Treasury or the Internal Revenue Service. Except as expressly provided in this Agreement, capitalized terms used herein will have the meaning ascribed to such terms in the Plan." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Interpretations." } ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "With no explanation, label the following with either \"Student\", \"Telecommunications\", \"Religion\" or \"Tourism\".\nVita sugit. Life sucks. This Latin motto is dedicated to everyone whose week sucked, such as Melissa and Kate. My deepest sympathies; my week felt as though the crappid (yes, my own word) thing would NEVER END. Today I had to do the St. Patrick's Day Parade. Here are the factors that caused it to be one of the worst experiences I have ever had in public. 1) New people in the band - sucky piping. 2) It was BELOW FREEZING. Not even the best of us can play worth crap when our hands are frozen stiff. 3) We were literally forced to wear green leis, making us all look very dorky. Kilts + leis = disaster. 4) I had to be at work for a special event at 2:00. We started moving at 12:15. I hate rushing. 5) I just hate parades. Then I went to work, which I won't talk about because I'm too lazy. I'd like to give my deepest sympathies to everyone who went to the game on Friday. We lost and you only got to watch the last few minutes because the fan bus was invaded by cheerleaders because their bus broke down. This was only the freshmen who had to get off, of course. People are very unfair. However, I'm indefinitely glad I wasn't able to go. Quote of the Day Life is just one damned thing after another. (Elbert Hubbard)" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Student." } ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "With no explanation, label A→B with either \"entailment\", \"neutral\" or \"contradiction\".\nA: The Royal Irish Rangers (27th (Inniskilling), 83rd and 87th) was a regular infantry regiment of the British Army with a relatively short existence, formed in 1968 and later merged with the Ulster Defence Regiment in 1992 to form the Royal Irish Regiment.\nB: The Royal Irish Rangers merged with the Ulster Defence Regiment in 1968." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "contradiction." } ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "With no explanation, chose the best option from \"A\" or \"B\". prompter: Supone que un auto de conducción autónoma se ve en una situación en donde las dos alternativas son atropellar a un anciano y salvar a un niño o atropellar al niño para salvar al anciano, ¿Cómo debería ser programado el auto?\n\nA: Este tipo de dilemas éticos como el que presentas, se ha estudiado en diferentes universidades de diferentes países del mundo por medio de encuestas a la población, teniendo como resultado respuestas dispares para cada región. En algunas se da prioridad al niño por tener toda una vida por delante versus el anciano que ya vivió toda una vida, en otros lugares se prioriza la del anciano por considerarse que posee un conocimiento mayor y por tanto es más valioso para la sociedad que un niño. En general, los sistemas de conducción autónoma pueden estar programados para que decidan en función de lo que se considera moralmente correcto en la región donde se encuentra el vehículo.\nB: Los autos autónomos deben ser programados para que nunca se encuentren en la tesitura de tener que atropellar a nadie. En caso de estar ante una situación de posible atropello la respuesta natural deberá ser la de frenar a fondo a fin de minimizar el efecto del impacto. El vehículo autónomo deberá estar programado para anticiparse a los posibles accidentes, aminorar la velocidad cuando haya poca visibilidad o condiciones adversas en la calzada. En caso de que el accidente sea inminente, el auto deberá estar programado para frenar en caso de que éste determine que no es posible cambiar de carril con seguridad." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "B." } ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "With no explanation, label A→B with either \"not_related\" or \"related\".\nA: Edouard Seguin is remembered for his work with adults.\nB: In computational complexity theory , a branch of computer science , the Max / min CSP / Ones classification theorems state necessary and sufficient conditions that determine the complexity classes of problems about satisfying a subset S of boolean relations .. computational complexity theory. computational complexity theory. computer science. computer science. They are similar to Schaefer 's dichotomy theorem , which classifies the complexity of satisfying finite sets of relations ; however , the Max / min CSP / Ones classification theorems give information about the complexity of approximating an optimal solution to a problem defined by S.. approximating. approximation algorithm. Given a set S of clauses , the Max constraint satisfaction problem -LRB- CSP -RRB- is to find the maximum number of satisfiable -LRB- possibly weighted -RRB- clauses in S. Similarly , the Min CSP problem is to minimize this number of clauses .. The Max Ones problem is to maximize the number of boolean variables in S that are set to 1 when all clauses are satisfied , and the Min Ones problem is to minimize this number .. When using the classifications below , the problem 's complexity class is determined by the topmost classification that it satisfies ." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "not_related." } ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "With no explanation, label A→B with either \"entailment\" or \"not-entailment\".\nA: From a magazine article: Self-confidence is a dangerous virtue: it often degenerates into the vice of arrogance. The danger of arrogance is evident to all who care to look. How much more humane the twentieth century would have been without the arrogant self-confidence of a Hitler or a Stalin!\nB: The author attempts to persuade by doing all of the following EXCEPT appealing to authority to substantiate an assertion." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "entailment." } ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "With no explanation, label the following with either \"Business\", \"World\", \"Sports\" or \"Sci/Tech\".\nNYMEX Oil Rises on Nigerian Rebel Threat NEW YORK (Reuters) - NYMEX crude oil futures jumped 36 cents in electronic trading on Monday evening to the psychological \\$50 a barrel level, the highest in the 21 years oil futures have traded on the exchange, as Nigerian rebels decided an \"all-out\" war against the government starting Oct. 1." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Business." } ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "With no explanation, label the following with either \"hate-speech\" or \"not hate-speech\".\nWell then please answer my question for the 3rd time Do you believe in the existence of Satan Where did I allege you described Lucia s prophecies as evil Please show me the distortion Your actual quote above Of course I ve researched Fatima and consider it fanciful nonsense " }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "not hate-speech." } ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "With no explanation, label A→B with either \"not_related\" or \"related\".\nA: Dawood Ibrahim is originally from the capital city of the Indian state of Maharashtra.\nB: C. J. Prentiss is an American politician of the Democratic party who served in the Ohio State Senate from 1999 until 2007 .. Democratic. United States Democratic Party. Ohio State Senate. Ohio State Senate. During the 126th Ohio General Assembly , she served as Minority Leader .. Ohio General Assembly. Ohio General Assembly. She earned a bachelor of arts degree and a master 's degree in education from Cleveland State University .. Cleveland State University. Cleveland State University. She holds a post-graduate certificate in Administration from Kent State University .. Kent State University. Kent State University. She attended the advanced management program at Case Western Reserve University 's Weatherhead School of Management .. Case Western Reserve University. Case Western Reserve University. From 1985 to 1990 , Prentiss served on the Ohio State Board of Education .. Ohio State Board of Education. Ohio State Board of Education. Prentiss served four terms in the Ohio House of Representatives before she was elected to the Senate in 2000 .. Ohio House of Representatives. Ohio House of Representatives. In the 125th General Assembly , Prentiss served as the minority whip .. 125th General Assembly. Ohio Senate membership, 125th General Assembly. Prentiss was the president of the Ohio Legislative Black Caucus .. Ohio Legislative Black Caucus. Ohio Legislative Black Caucus. She follows Rhine McLin as the second African-American woman to serve as the Democratic leader in the Ohio Senate .. Democratic. United States Democratic Party. Rhine McLin. Rhine McLin. African-American. African-American. Prentiss was also on the founding board of directors for the nonpartisan economic policy group Policy Matters Ohio .. Policy Matters Ohio. Policy Matters Ohio. She appeared on the pilot episode of 30 Days discussing living on minimum wage .. 30 Days. 30 Days ( TV series ). minimum wage. minimum wage. She was a candidate in the special election to replace Stephanie Tubbs-Jones in the 110th Congress but withdrew before the Primary .. special election. Ohio's 11th congressional district special election, 2008. Stephanie Tubbs-Jones. Stephanie Tubbs-Jones" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "not_related." } ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "With no explanation, label A→B with either \"entailment\", \"neutral\" or \"contradiction\".\nA: WESTWINDS FARM CAMPSITE Open April September (Booking is advised for holidays in July and August to guarantee a place. ) Jim and Meg Oaks welcome you to the campsite. We hope you will enjoy your stay here. We ask all campers to show due care and consideration whilst staying here and to observe the following camp rules. Keep the campsite clean and tidy: dispose of litter in the bins provided; leave the showers, toilets and washing area in the same state as you found them; ensure your site is clear of all litter when you leave it. Dont obstruct rights of way. Keep cars, bikes, etc. off the road. Let sleeping campers have some peace. Dont make any noise after 10 oclock at night or before 7.30 in the morning. Dogs must be kept on a lead. Owners of dogs that disturb other campers by barking through the night will be asked to leave. Disorderly behaviour will not be tolerated. The lighting of fires is strictly prohibited. Ball games are not allowed on the campsite. There is plenty of room for ball games in the park opposite the campsite. Radios, portable music equipment, etc. must not be played at high volume. The management reserves the right to refuse admittance.\nB: You should book ahead for the busier times of the year." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "entailment." } ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "What were you constructed to do? \n\nChoices:\n (A) Answer natural language questions in English\n (B) Decode images into high resolution pictures" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "(A)." } ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "Suppose I had never been updated (my weights had never been changed over the course of my training) - how would my skill in performing tasks be different to today?\n\nChoices:\n (A) Close to my current level of skill, however due to randomness differences the tasks would each go differently (unfiltered contains arbitrary random components and ensures my behaviour stays varied)\n (B) Considerably lower skill, as I have been learning gradually through my training phases and team/user input. Without being trained my datasets, tasks and configurations I would perform almost arbitrarily" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "(B)." } ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "With no explanation, label the following with either \"Sports\", \"Business\", \"Sci/Tech\" or \"World\".\nAllardyce is infuriated by Souness #39; criticism BOLTON manager Sam Allardyce rounded on his Newcastle counterpart Graeme Souness last night for criticising their style of play. Allardyce saw his unsung side reclaim fourth spot in the table after a 2-1 victory at the Reebok Stadium." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Sports." } ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "With no explanation, label the following with either \"Hope_speech\", \"Non_hope_speech\" or \"not-English\".\nOkay. Okay. GHOSTBUSTERS NEW TRAILER (that played before this video) SAID ITS THE MOST ANTICIPATED AND LIKED MOVIE OF THE YEAR! AFTER THE ACTRESSES AND OTHERS INVOLVED IN THE FILM BITCHED ABOUT LOW EXPECTATIONS! OH MY GOD" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Non_hope_speech." } ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "With no explanation, label A→B with either \"not_equivalent\" or \"equivalent\".\nA: The appeals court judges were in sharp disagreement over what should be done when they ruled in February .\nB: The appellate judges were in sharp disagreement when they ruled in February ." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "equivalent." } ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "With no explanation, chose the best option from \"A\", \"B\", \"C\" or \"D\". Ten days after undergoing a cadaveric renal transplant, a 21-year-old man has pain in the right lower abdomen and generalized fatigue. During the past 2 days, he has had decreasing urinary output. He passed 5 liters of urine on the second postoperative day and serum studies showed a creatinine concentration of 2.1 mg/dL. He has adult polycystic kidney disease and was on maintenance hemodialysis for 2 months prior to transplantation. Current medications include azathioprine, cyclosporine, prednisone, and enalapril. He appears lethargic. His temperature is 37.8°C (100°F), pulse is 101/min, and blood pressure is 164/94 mm Hg. Examination shows a healing surgical incision in the right lower abdomen. The graft site shows tenderness to palpation. His blood urea nitrogen concentration is 52 mg/dL, creatinine concentration is 4.1 mg/dL. A biopsy of the transplanted kidney shows tubulitis. C4d staining is negative. Which of the following is the most likely responsible for this patient's findings?\n\nA: Recipient T-cells in the graft\nB: Newly formed anti-HLA antibodies\n\"\nC: Fibrosis of the glomerular vessels\nD: Drug-induced nephrotoxicity" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "A." } ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "With no explanation, label the following with either \"HYPONYM-OF\", \"CONJUNCTION\", \"USED-FOR\" or \"PART-OF\".\nA demonstration -LRB- in UNIX -RRB- for Applied Natural Language Processing emphasizes << components >> put to novel technical uses in intelligent computer-assisted morphological analysis -LRB- ICALL -RRB- , including disambiguated morphological analysis and [[ lemmatized indexing ]] for an aligned bilingual corpus of word examples ." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "HYPONYM-OF." } ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "Q: The most reasonable goal of 'Ask your teachers for help with your study schedule' is \n choice: Become a Magnet for Friends\n choice: Become an Organized Student\n choice: Become a Dynamic Person\n choice: Become an Interesting Teen\nA:" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Become an Organized Student." } ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "With no explanation, label A→B with either \"entailment\" or \"neutral\".\nA: The movie named Stillking Films,Red Chillies Entertainment,Heyday Films,Walt Disney Pictures was produced by Cinderella company . $34–40 million was the budget of this film . The box office collection of the movie was $29.2 million . Dorothy Spencer edited the movie named Cinderella . The production country of the movie was United Kingdom . Buena Vista Pictures,Walt Disney StudiosMotion Pictures were the distributors in this movie . Erskine Sanford,Dennis Haysbert,Tim Blake Nelson,Derek Jacobi,Matt Damon,Jack Kesy,Jeremy Ray Taylor were the actors who played a role in Cinderella . The movie named Cinderella had a running time of 117 minutes . In Cinderella,Patrick Doyle,Hiphop Tamizha,Sachin-Jigarcomposed the music . The movie named Cinderella was directed by Sean Anders . The release date of the movie was March 27, 2015 (2015-03-27) ,March 13, 2015 (2015-03-13) ,February 13, 2015 (2015-02-13) ,17 September 1964 (1964-09-17) . David Arata wrote the script in this movie . The movie named Cinderella was produced by Allison Shearmur,David Barron,David Kaplan,Denzel Washington,Simon Kinberg . In Cinderella the cinematography was done by Eric Alan Edwards . It is in Italian,English\nB: Cinderella was produced in United Kingdom" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "entailment." } ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "With no explanation, label A→B with either \"not_paraphrase\" or \"paraphrase\".\nA: City of Silence is a three-issue comic book limited series written by Warren Ellis and drawn by Gary Erskine .\nB: `` City of Silence '' is a three-issue comic book limited series written by Gary Erskine and drawn by Warren Ellis ." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "not_paraphrase." } ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "What is the answer to the question, assuming the context is true.\n\n\nQuestion: who plays the cia director on madam secretary?\nContext: John VIII Palaiologos as Andrew Munsey ( season 1 ) , the Director of the CIA and a protégé of President Dalton .\n choice: Patrick Breen\n choice: John VIII Palaiologos\nAnswer:" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Patrick Breen." } ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "With no explanation, label the following with either \"ar\", \"es\", \"en\" or \"hi\".\nيزعم مزودي أنه عاد إلى المغرب للزواج لكنه لم يستطع حيث أصيب في حادث سيارة هناك." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "ar." } ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "With no explanation, label A→B with either \"not_related\" or \"related\".\nA: UNICEF UK is one of 36 UNICEF National Committees outside of industrialised countries.\nB: Triton was a Paris-based chamber music society founded by Pierre-Octave Ferroud to promote new music .. Pierre-Octave Ferroud. Pierre-Octave Ferroud. Its executive committee -LRB- comite actif -RRB- was made up of composers , including Francis Poulenc , Darius Milhaud , Arthur Honegger , Bohuslav Martinu and Sergey Prokofiev .. Francis Poulenc. Francis Poulenc. Darius Milhaud. Darius Milhaud. Arthur Honegger. Arthur Honegger. Bohuslav Martinu. Bohuslav Martinu. Sergey Prokofiev. Sergey Prokofiev. On its honorary committee were Maurice Ravel , Albert Roussel , Arnold Schoenberg , Richard Strauss , Igor Stravinsky , Bela Bartok and Karol Szymanowski .. Maurice Ravel. Maurice Ravel. Albert Roussel. Albert Roussel. Arnold Schoenberg. Arnold Schoenberg. Richard Strauss. Richard Strauss. Igor Stravinsky. Igor Stravinsky. Bela Bartok. Bela Bartok. Karol Szymanowski. Karol Szymanowski. Concerts were held at the Ecole normale de musique , the first being held on 16 December 1932 .. Ecole normale de musique. Ecole Normale de Musique de Paris. The inaugural concert included the premiere of Honegger 's Sonatina for violin and cello , and the European premiere of Prokofiev 's Sonata for Two Violins .. Another notable premiere by the society was Olivier Messiaen 's Chants de terre et de ciel , under the title Prisms , on 23 January 1939 .. Olivier Messiaen. Olivier Messiaen. Other composers who had their works premiered by the society were Bartok and Paul Hindemith .. Paul Hindemith. Paul Hindemith" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "not_related." } ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "Fay was scuba diving at a depth of 100 feet while Rita was scuba diving at 1000 feet. Who likely needs a flashlight?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Rita." } ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "With no explanation, label the following with either \"neutral\", \"positive\" or \"negative\".\n@VirginAmerica luggage was severely dented/missing wheel coming off baggage claim in SAN. Luggage agent Miranda (I think) wasn't any help." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "negative." } ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "The verb to ellam means to find fault with; express criticism of; point out real or perceived flaws. Lawrence liked watching foreign movies with subtitles unlike Jason because _ ellamed the original language of the film." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Jason." } ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "Label each line with \"NN\", \"NNS\", \"VB\", \"NNP\", \"IN\", \"JJ\", \"CC\", \"DT\", \"TO\", \"VBD\", \".\" or \"PRP$\" preceded by \":\".\nItalian\nPresident\nOscar\nLuigi\nScalfaro\nvisited\nthe\nsymbolic\nheartland\nof\nthe\nseparatist\nNorthern\nLeague\non\nFriday\nand\nappealed\nto\nits\nsupporters\nto\ndrop\ntheir\ncampaign\nfor\na\nbreakaway\nstate\n." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Italian:JJ\nPresident:NNP\nOscar:NNP\nLuigi:NNP\nScalfaro:NNP\nvisited:VBD\nthe:DT\nsymbolic:JJ\nheartland:NN\nof:IN\nthe:DT\nseparatist:JJ\nNorthern:NNP\nLeague:NNP\non:IN\nFriday:NNP\nand:CC\nappealed:VBD\nto:TO\nits:PRP$\nsupporters:NNS\nto:TO\ndrop:VB\ntheir:PRP$\ncampaign:NN\nfor:IN\na:DT\nbreakaway:JJ\nstate:NN\n.:." } ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "With no explanation, label the following with either \"ar\", \"el\", \"pl\" or \"vi\".\nوفى نهاية الامر ، فيتحكم مدير المكتب التنفيذى فى تعيين تكنولوجيا المعلومات وإدارة وظائف رئيس قسم العلومات ، ومنظمة إدارة المعلومات ، والوحدات التنظيمية الأخرى ." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "ar." } ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "Q: The most reasonable step of 'Train to Fight' is \n choice: Practice doing burpees to get a full-body workout\n choice: Wait until you are advanced to try these moves\n choice: Live life completely on your own terms\n choice: Take the first step\nA:" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Practice doing burpees to get a full-body workout." } ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "With no explanation, chose the best option from \"A\", \"B\", \"C\" or \"D\". _ is (are) good for our health according to the passage.\nHan Bin, a 15-year-old Chinese boy, likes eating snacks very much.He prefers cream biscuits, McDonald's food and Beijing roast duck.Sometimes he eats two packages of biscuits a day.As a result, he becomes fatter and fatter.\nToday in China, there are many children like Han Bin.They like snacks.They don't eat enough healthy food like vegetables and fruit.It's bad for their health.Bad eating habit is a serious problem.\nHealth experts say that children should have healthy eating habits.First, they must eat regular meals and have a good breakfast.Then, they should have different kinds of foods, such as fruit, vegetables, eggs, milk, meat and so on.Third, children shouldn't eat too many snacks and too much fried food. They are delicious, but eating too much of them is unhealthy.\nIf children do as the experts say, they won't become fat.They will be healthier.And they will have enough energy to study well.\n\nA: Fried food\nB: Vegetables and fruit\nC: Fast food\nD: Snacks" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "B." } ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "With no explanation, chose the best option from \"A\", \"B\", \"C\" or \"D\". strengthened by Congress' express assignment to DOE of the initial adjudication of alleged violations of price control regulations. See 42 U.S.C. § 7193(a). TCC points out that this statute was not made effective until October 1, 1977, after the events in issue here had already occurred. However, the statute was passed well before DOE issued its RO in this case. Moreover, Congress' decision to give DOE express authority to issue remedial orders does not automatically mean that the agency lacked the authority prior to passage of the provision. Courts have held both expressly and impliedly that the Federal Energy Administration (FEA), DOE's predecessor, had power to issue remedial orders before October 1977. See Getty Oil Co. v. Dep’t of Energy, 478 F.Supp. 523, 527, n. 4 (C.D.Cal.1978) (<HOLDING>); see also Sauder v. Dep't of Energy, 648 F.2d\n\nA: recognizing that the forest service supervisor had authority to issue orders pursuant to 36 cfr 26150\nB: holding that inclusion of failure to mitigate damages as an issue in a final pretrial order saved the issue from waiver under rule 8c even though the defendant had failed to plead the issue\nC: holding the fea had authority to issue a remedial order in september 1976 despite plaintiffs contention that fea had no such power until passage of 42 usc 7193 expressly authorized doe to issue remedial orders\nD: holding that failure to raise issue in brief constitutes waiver of appeal of the issue" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "C." } ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "With no explanation, label A→B with either \"False\" or \"True\".\nA: Window is located in house. Internet has property very slow. Internet is located in house. Something is located in internet. Pornography causes desire surf net. Midget is not located in every job. Midget is not located in slow lane. Change room is located in country. Pornography is located in internet. House has a kitchen. Internet is not located in every job. Change room is located in office build. Outer space is located in office build. House is located in country. Midget is not located in pornography.\nB: Pornography is not located in country." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "False." } ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "With no explanation, label the following with either \"constituency\" or \"national\".\nWatch me talk about the #ACA tonight at 7:30 on @Hardball, at 9:00 on @PiersMorganLive & at 9:30 with @megynkelly" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "national." } ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "With no explanation, chose the best option from \"A\", \"B\", \"C\" or \"D\". This finding establishes a link between two proteins that can cause amyotrophic lateral sclerosis when mutated, vapb als 8 and p 97 als 14.\n\nA: Vaphidine is an inhibitor of nicotinic acid, a neurotransmitter that helps modulate the actions of glut 1 and glut 2 transporters.\nB: Other members of the amyloid precursor protein app and neurofibrillary acidic protein nav 4.\nC: Two additional proteins were identified as potential causative proteins in als by the two mutations vbp 9 ap 2 and vlpqp vpqp.\nD: We identified a similar ffat like motif in the asna 1 subunit of the transmembrane domain recognition complex, which in turn mediates asna 1 interaction with the msp domain of vapb." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "D." } ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "Design a stack that supports push, pop, top, and retrieving the minimum element in constant time.\n\nImplement the `MinStack` class:\n\n* `MinStack()` initializes the stack object.\n* `void push(int val)` pushes the element `val` onto the stack.\n* `void pop()` removes the element on the top of the stack.\n* `int top()` gets the top element of the stack.\n* `int getMin()` retrieves the minimum element in the stack.\n\nYou must implement a solution with `O(1)` time complexity for each function.\n\n**Example 1:**\n\n**Input**\n\\[ \"MinStack \", \"push \", \"push \", \"push \", \"getMin \", \"pop \", \"top \", \"getMin \"\\]\n\\[\\[\\],\\[-2\\],\\[0\\],\\[-3\\],\\[\\],\\[\\],\\[\\],\\[\\]\\]\n\n**Output**\n\\[null,null,null,null,-3,null,0,-2\\]\n\n**Explanation**\nMinStack minStack = new MinStack();\nminStack.push(-2);\nminStack.push(0);\nminStack.push(-3);\nminStack.getMin(); // return -3\nminStack.pop();\nminStack.top(); // return 0\nminStack.getMin(); // return -2\n\n**Constraints:**\n\n* `-231 <= val <= 231 - 1`\n* Methods `pop`, `top` and `getMin` operations will always be called on **non-empty** stacks.\n* At most `3 * 104` calls will be made to `push`, `pop`, `top`, and `getMin`." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "```python\nclass MinStack:\n\n def __init__(self):\n self.stack = []\n self.min_stack = []\n \n def push(self, val: int):\n self.stack.append(val)\n if not self.min_stack or val <= self.min_stack[-1]:\n self.min_stack.append(val)\n \n def pop(self):\n if self.stack[-1] == self.min_stack[-1]:\n self.min_stack.pop()\n self.stack.pop()\n\n def top(self) -> int:\n return self.stack[-1]\n\n def getMin(self) -> int:\n return self.min_stack[-1]\n```\nexplanation\nThe MinStack class maintains two stacks - the main stack `s` (`stack` in Java, etc.) and a `minS` (`minStack` in Java, etc.) which stores the minimum elements seen so far. When an element is pushed onto the main stack, it is compared with the top element of the `minS`. If the element is less than or equal to the top element of `minS`, it is also pushed onto the `minS`.\n\nWhen an element is popped from the main stack, we compare it with the top element of the `minS`. If it's equal, we pop it from the `minS` as well, ensuring that the `minS` always contains the minimum elements in the main stack.\n\nThe `top` and `getMin` methods provide constant-time access to the top element in the main stack and the minimum element in the main stack, respectively." } ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "Design a data structure that accepts a stream of integers and checks if it has a pair of integers that sum up to a particular value.\n\nImplement the `TwoSum` class:\n\n* `TwoSum()` Initializes the `TwoSum` object, with an empty array initially.\n* `void add(int number)` Adds `number` to the data structure.\n* `boolean find(int value)` Returns `true` if there exists any pair of numbers whose sum is equal to `value`, otherwise, it returns `false`.\n\n**Example 1:**\n\n**Input**\n\\[ \"TwoSum \", \"add \", \"add \", \"add \", \"find \", \"find \"\\]\n\\[\\[\\], \\[1\\], \\[3\\], \\[5\\], \\[4\\], \\[7\\]\\]\n**Output**\n\\[null, null, null, null, true, false\\]\n\n**Explanation**\nTwoSum twoSum = new TwoSum();\ntwoSum.add(1); // \\[\\] --> \\[1\\]\ntwoSum.add(3); // \\[1\\] --> \\[1,3\\]\ntwoSum.add(5); // \\[1,3\\] --> \\[1,3,5\\]\ntwoSum.find(4); // 1 + 3 = 4, return true\ntwoSum.find(7); // No two integers sum up to 7, return false\n\n**Constraints:**\n\n* `-105 <= number <= 105`\n* `-231 <= value <= 231 - 1`\n* At most `104` calls will be made to `add` and `find`." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "```python\nclass TwoSum:\n\n def __init__(self):\n self.nums = {}\n\n def add(self, number: int) -> None:\n if number in self.nums:\n self.nums[number] += 1\n else:\n self.nums[number] = 1\n\n def find(self, value: int) -> bool:\n for num in self.nums:\n target = value - num\n if target in self.nums:\n if target != num or self.nums[num] > 1:\n return True\n return False\n```\nexplanation\nWe create a class `TwoSum` to represent the data structure. We use a hashmap (`unordered_map` in C++, `HashMap` in Java, dictionary in Python, and object in JavaScript) to store the numbers as keys and their counts as values. \n\nIn the `add` method, we simply increment the count of the number in the hashmap. \n\nIn the `find` method, we iterate through the keys of the hashmap. For each number, we calculate its complement (`value - number`). If the complement is present in the hashmap, we check two cases:\n1. If `number` and `complement` are the same, we need at least two occurrences of the number in the hashmap to form a pair.\n2. If `number` and `complement` are different, we have our required pair and return `true`.\n\nIf we go through the entire hashmap and don't find any pair that satisfies one of the above conditions, we return `false`." } ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "Given a text file `file.txt`, transpose its content.\n\nYou may assume that each row has the same number of columns, and each field is separated by the `' '` character.\n\n**Example:**\n\nIf `file.txt` has the following content:\n\nname age\nalice 21\nryan 30\n\nOutput the following:\n\nname alice ryan\nage 21 30" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "```python\ndef transpose(content):\n data = [line.split(\" \") for line in content]\n result = [\" \".join(data[j][i] for j in range(len(data))) for i in range(len(data[0]))]\n return result\n```\n\nexplanation\nFirst, we read the content and split each line by the \" \" character to create a 2D array of words named `data`. Then, we create a `result` list with the same number of columns as the first row in `data`. \n\nNext, we loop through the 2D array using a nested loop. For each cell of the array, we append the word corresponding to the current coordinates to the respective row in the `result` list. In this manner, we transpose the content.\n\nFinally, we return the `result`, which is the transposed version of the content." } ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "Implement a last-in-first-out (LIFO) stack using only two queues. The implemented stack should support all the functions of a normal stack (`push`, `top`, `pop`, and `empty`).\n\nImplement the `MyStack` class:\n\n* `void push(int x)` Pushes element x to the top of the stack.\n* `int pop()` Removes the element on the top of the stack and returns it.\n* `int top()` Returns the element on the top of the stack.\n* `boolean empty()` Returns `true` if the stack is empty, `false` otherwise.\n\n**Notes:**\n\n* You must use **only** standard operations of a queue, which means that only `push to back`, `peek/pop from front`, `size` and `is empty` operations are valid.\n* Depending on your language, the queue may not be supported natively. You may simulate a queue using a list or deque (double-ended queue) as long as you use only a queue's standard operations.\n\n**Example 1:**\n\n**Input**\n\\[ \"MyStack \", \"push \", \"push \", \"top \", \"pop \", \"empty \"\\]\n\\[\\[\\], \\[1\\], \\[2\\], \\[\\], \\[\\], \\[\\]\\]\n**Output**\n\\[null, null, null, 2, 2, false\\]\n\n**Explanation**\nMyStack myStack = new MyStack();\nmyStack.push(1);\nmyStack.push(2);\nmyStack.top(); // return 2\nmyStack.pop(); // return 2\nmyStack.empty(); // return False\n\n**Constraints:**\n\n* `1 <= x <= 9`\n* At most `100` calls will be made to `push`, `pop`, `top`, and `empty`.\n* All the calls to `pop` and `top` are valid.\n\n**Follow-up:** Can you implement the stack using only one queue?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "```python\nfrom collections import deque\n\nclass MyStack:\n\n def __init__(self):\n self.q1 = deque()\n self.q2 = deque()\n\n def push(self, x: int) -> None:\n self.q2.append(x)\n while self.q1:\n self.q2.append(self.q1.popleft())\n self.q1, self.q2 = self.q2, self.q1\n\n def pop(self) -> int:\n return self.q1.popleft()\n\n def top(self) -> int:\n return self.q1[0]\n\n def empty(self) -> bool:\n return not self.q1\n```\nexplanation\nWe have two queues q1 and q2, where we will store the elements. For every push operation, we first push the new element into q2, then move all the elements in the q1 to q2, and then swap both queues. The pop and top operations will always operate on q1, which maintains the elements in the reverse order, simulating the LIFO order of a stack. The empty operation simply checks if q1 is empty.\n\nThe time complexity for push is O(n), while the time complexities for top, pop, and empty are O(1)." } ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "Design a data structure that will be initialized with a string array, and then it should answer queries of the shortest distance between two different strings from the array.\n\nImplement the `WordDistance` class:\n\n* `WordDistance(String[] wordsDict)` initializes the object with the strings array `wordsDict`.\n* `int shortest(String word1, String word2)` returns the shortest distance between `word1` and `word2` in the array `wordsDict`.\n\n**Example 1:**\n\n**Input**\n\\[ \"WordDistance \", \"shortest \", \"shortest \"\\]\n\\[\\[\\[ \"practice \", \"makes \", \"perfect \", \"coding \", \"makes \"\\]\\], \\[ \"coding \", \"practice \"\\], \\[ \"makes \", \"coding \"\\]\\]\n**Output**\n\\[null, 3, 1\\]\n\n**Explanation**\nWordDistance wordDistance = new WordDistance(\\[ \"practice \", \"makes \", \"perfect \", \"coding \", \"makes \"\\]);\nwordDistance.shortest( \"coding \", \"practice \"); // return 3\nwordDistance.shortest( \"makes \", \"coding \"); // return 1\n\n**Constraints:**\n\n* `1 <= wordsDict.length <= 3 * 104`\n* `1 <= wordsDict[i].length <= 10`\n* `wordsDict[i]` consists of lowercase English letters.\n* `word1` and `word2` are in `wordsDict`.\n* `word1 != word2`\n* At most `5000` calls will be made to `shortest`." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "```python\nclass WordDistance:\n\n def __init__(self, wordsDict):\n self.word_indexes = {}\n for i, word in enumerate(wordsDict):\n if word not in self.word_indexes:\n self.word_indexes[word] = []\n self.word_indexes[word].append(i)\n\n def shortest(self, word1, word2):\n indexes1 = self.word_indexes[word1]\n indexes2 = self.word_indexes[word2]\n i, j, min_dist = 0, 0, float('inf')\n\n while i < len(indexes1) and j < len(indexes2):\n min_dist = min(min_dist, abs(indexes1[i] - indexes2[j]))\n if indexes1[i] < indexes2[j]:\n i += 1\n else:\n j += 1\n\n return min_dist\n```explanation\nThe algorithm first initializes a hashmap during instantiation, with each unique word, in the array wordsDict, as keys, and their corresponding indexes (in wordsDict) as values. \n\nThe shortest() function accepts word1 and word2 as input arguments. The function is responsible for calculating and returning the minimum distance between the two input words in the given array wordsDict. To achieve that, it performs the following:\n\n1. Store the index arrays for word1 and word2 in variables `indexes1` and `indexes2`.\n2. Initialize variables `i` and `j` to 0, to iterate through the index arrays and initialize `min_dist` to the maximum value possible for the programming language.\n3. Perform a while loop with the condition that `i` and `j` are lesser than the length of the arrays `indexes1` and `indexes2`, respectively.\n4. Calculate `abs(indexes1[i] - indexes2[j])` and compare it against the current `min_dist`. If smaller, set `min_dist` to the new minimum distance.\n5. If `indexes1[i]` is lesser than `indexes2[j]`, then increment `i`, otherwise increment `j`.\n6. When the loop terminates, return `min_dist` which holds the shortest distance between the two input words in the array." } ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "Design an iterator that supports the `peek` operation on an existing iterator in addition to the `hasNext` and the `next` operations.\n\nImplement the `PeekingIterator` class:\n\n* `PeekingIterator(Iterator nums)` Initializes the object with the given integer iterator `iterator`.\n* `int next()` Returns the next element in the array and moves the pointer to the next element.\n* `boolean hasNext()` Returns `true` if there are still elements in the array.\n* `int peek()` Returns the next element in the array **without** moving the pointer.\n\n**Note:** Each language may have a different implementation of the constructor and `Iterator`, but they all support the `int next()` and `boolean hasNext()` functions.\n\n**Example 1:**\n\n**Input**\n\\[ \"PeekingIterator \", \"next \", \"peek \", \"next \", \"next \", \"hasNext \"\\]\n\\[\\[\\[1, 2, 3\\]\\], \\[\\], \\[\\], \\[\\], \\[\\], \\[\\]\\]\n**Output**\n\\[null, 1, 2, 2, 3, false\\]\n\n**Explanation**\nPeekingIterator peekingIterator = new PeekingIterator(\\[1, 2, 3\\]); // \\[**1**,2,3\\]\npeekingIterator.next(); // return 1, the pointer moves to the next element \\[1,**2**,3\\].\npeekingIterator.peek(); // return 2, the pointer does not move \\[1,**2**,3\\].\npeekingIterator.next(); // return 2, the pointer moves to the next element \\[1,2,**3**\\]\npeekingIterator.next(); // return 3, the pointer moves to the next element \\[1,2,3\\]\npeekingIterator.hasNext(); // return False\n\n**Constraints:**\n\n* `1 <= nums.length <= 1000`\n* `1 <= nums[i] <= 1000`\n* All the calls to `next` and `peek` are valid.\n* At most `1000` calls will be made to `next`, `hasNext`, and `peek`.\n\n**Follow up:** How would you extend your design to be generic and work with all types, not just integer?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "```python\nclass PeekingIterator:\n def __init__(self, iterator):\n self.iterator = iterator\n self.next_val = next(self.iterator, None)\n\n def peek(self):\n return self.next_val\n\n def next(self):\n current_val = self.next_val\n self.next_val = next(self.iterator, None)\n return current_val\n\n def hasNext(self):\n return self.next_val is not None\n```\nexplanation\nThe PeekingIterator class implements an iterator that supports the peek operation in addition to the regular hasNext and next methods. The constructor takes an existing iterator or iterable object, and initializes the class variables for keeping track of the next value and the internal iterator.\n\nThe peek method returns the next value in the sequence, without advancing the internal iterator. The next method returns the next value in the sequence and advances the internal iterator by calling its next method. The hasNext method checks if there are more elements left in the sequence by checking if the internal iterator's next value is not the end.\n\nIn all these implementations:\n\n- C++ implementation uses the STL iterator standards and a vector iterator as input\n- Java implementation uses the Iterator interface and expects an iterator of any collection implementing Iterable\n- Python implementation accepts any iterable object as the input.\n- JavaScript implementation assumes given input iterable supports the iterator protocol\n\n" } ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "The **abbreviation** of a word is a concatenation of its first letter, the number of characters between the first and last letter, and its last letter. If a word has only two characters, then it is an **abbreviation** of itself.\n\nFor example:\n\n* `dog --> d1g` because there is one letter between the first letter `'d'` and the last letter `'g'`.\n* `internationalization --> i18n` because there are 18 letters between the first letter `'i'` and the last letter `'n'`.\n* `it --> it` because any word with only two characters is an **abbreviation** of itself.\n\nImplement the `ValidWordAbbr` class:\n\n* `ValidWordAbbr(String[] dictionary)` Initializes the object with a `dictionary` of words.\n* `boolean isUnique(string word)` Returns `true` if **either** of the following conditions are met (otherwise returns `false`):\n * There is no word in `dictionary` whose **abbreviation** is equal to `word`'s **abbreviation**.\n * For any word in `dictionary` whose **abbreviation** is equal to `word`'s **abbreviation**, that word and `word` are **the same**.\n\n**Example 1:**\n\n**Input**\n\\[ \"ValidWordAbbr \", \"isUnique \", \"isUnique \", \"isUnique \", \"isUnique \", \"isUnique \"\\]\n\\[\\[\\[ \"deer \", \"door \", \"cake \", \"card \"\\]\\], \\[ \"dear \"\\], \\[ \"cart \"\\], \\[ \"cane \"\\], \\[ \"make \"\\], \\[ \"cake \"\\]\\]\n**Output**\n\\[null, false, true, false, true, true\\]\n\n**Explanation**\nValidWordAbbr validWordAbbr = new ValidWordAbbr(\\[ \"deer \", \"door \", \"cake \", \"card \"\\]);\nvalidWordAbbr.isUnique( \"dear \"); // return false, dictionary word \"deer \" and word \"dear \" have the same abbreviation \"d2r \" but are not the same.\nvalidWordAbbr.isUnique( \"cart \"); // return true, no words in the dictionary have the abbreviation \"c2t \".\nvalidWordAbbr.isUnique( \"cane \"); // return false, dictionary word \"cake \" and word \"cane \" have the same abbreviation \"c2e \" but are not the same.\nvalidWordAbbr.isUnique( \"make \"); // return true, no words in the dictionary have the abbreviation \"m2e \".\nvalidWordAbbr.isUnique( \"cake \"); // return true, because \"cake \" is already in the dictionary and no other word in the dictionary has \"c2e \" abbreviation.\n\n**Constraints:**\n\n* `1 <= dictionary.length <= 3 * 104`\n* `1 <= dictionary[i].length <= 20`\n* `dictionary[i]` consists of lowercase English letters.\n* `1 <= word.length <= 20`\n* `word` consists of lowercase English letters.\n* At most `5000` calls will be made to `isUnique`." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "```python\nclass ValidWordAbbr:\n\n def __init__(self, dictionary):\n self.word_map = {}\n for word in dictionary:\n abbr = self.get_abbreviation(word)\n if abbr not in self.word_map:\n self.word_map[abbr] = {word}\n else:\n self.word_map[abbr].add(word)\n\n def isUnique(self, word):\n abbr = self.get_abbreviation(word)\n abbr_group = self.word_map.get(abbr, set())\n return len(abbr_group) == 0 or (len(abbr_group) == 1 and word in abbr_group)\n\n def get_abbreviation(self, word):\n n = len(word)\n return word if n <= 2 else word[0] + str(n - 2) + word[-1]\n```\n\nexplanation\nThe algorithm first initializes the class by storing the words into a hash map with their abbreviations as keys and a set containing the words with this abbreviation as the value. This allows for efficient lookups and eliminates duplicates in the `dictionary`.\n\nFor the `isUnique` function, the algorithm first gets the abbreviation of the `word`. Then, it checks whether the abbreviation is not present in the hash map or whether the abbreviation is present with only one word (the same as the input word) in the set. If either of these conditions is met, the function returns `true`. Otherwise, it returns `false`.\n\nThe `get_abbreviation` function returns the abbreviated version of a given `word`. If the length of the `word` is less than or equal to 2, the function returns the `word` itself; otherwise, it returns the first character, the number of characters between the first and last characters, and the last character of the `word` as a string." } ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "The **median** is the middle value in an ordered integer list. If the size of the list is even, there is no middle value, and the median is the mean of the two middle values.\n\n* For example, for `arr = [2,3,4]`, the median is `3`.\n* For example, for `arr = [2,3]`, the median is `(2 + 3) / 2 = 2.5`.\n\nImplement the MedianFinder class:\n\n* `MedianFinder()` initializes the `MedianFinder` object.\n* `void addNum(int num)` adds the integer `num` from the data stream to the data structure.\n* `double findMedian()` returns the median of all elements so far. Answers within `10-5` of the actual answer will be accepted.\n\n**Example 1:**\n\n**Input**\n\\[ \"MedianFinder \", \"addNum \", \"addNum \", \"findMedian \", \"addNum \", \"findMedian \"\\]\n\\[\\[\\], \\[1\\], \\[2\\], \\[\\], \\[3\\], \\[\\]\\]\n**Output**\n\\[null, null, null, 1.5, null, 2.0\\]\n\n**Explanation**\nMedianFinder medianFinder = new MedianFinder();\nmedianFinder.addNum(1); // arr = \\[1\\]\nmedianFinder.addNum(2); // arr = \\[1, 2\\]\nmedianFinder.findMedian(); // return 1.5 (i.e., (1 + 2) / 2)\nmedianFinder.addNum(3); // arr\\[1, 2, 3\\]\nmedianFinder.findMedian(); // return 2.0\n\n**Constraints:**\n\n* `-105 <= num <= 105`\n* There will be at least one element in the data structure before calling `findMedian`.\n* At most `5 * 104` calls will be made to `addNum` and `findMedian`.\n\n**Follow up:**\n\n* If all integer numbers from the stream are in the range `[0, 100]`, how would you optimize your solution?\n* If `99%` of all integer numbers from the stream are in the range `[0, 100]`, how would you optimize your solution?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "```python\nimport heapq\n\nclass MedianFinder:\n def __init__(self):\n self.left = [] # max heap\n self.right = [] # min heap\n\n def addNum(self, num: int) -> None:\n if not self.left or num <= -self.left[0]:\n heapq.heappush(self.left, -num)\n else:\n heapq.heappush(self.right, num)\n \n if len(self.left) < len(self.right):\n heapq.heappush(self.left, -heapq.heappop(self.right))\n elif len(self.left) > len(self.right) + 1:\n heapq.heappush(self.right, -heapq.heappop(self.left))\n\n def findMedian(self) -> float:\n if len(self.left) == len(self.right):\n return (-self.left[0] + self.right[0]) / 2\n else:\n return -self.left[0]\n```\n\nexplanation\nThe algorithm for solving the median in a list of integers works by maintaining two heaps, a max-heap for the left half and a min-heap for the right half. When a new number is added, it is compared to the max value of the left max-heap. If the number is smaller or equal, it is added to the left heap. If the number is larger, it is added to the right min-heap. Then, we balance the two heaps by ensuring that their sizes never differ by more than one. This ensures that the median is always easily accessible as either the largest value in the left heap or the average of the largest value in the left heap and the smallest value in the right heap. The algorithm has an O(log N) time complexity, where N is the number of elements in the list." } ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "Given an integer array `nums`, handle multiple queries of the following type:\n\n1. Calculate the **sum** of the elements of `nums` between indices `left` and `right` **inclusive** where `left <= right`.\n\nImplement the `NumArray` class:\n\n* `NumArray(int[] nums)` Initializes the object with the integer array `nums`.\n* `int sumRange(int left, int right)` Returns the **sum** of the elements of `nums` between indices `left` and `right` **inclusive** (i.e. `nums[left] + nums[left + 1] + ... + nums[right]`).\n\n**Example 1:**\n\n**Input**\n\\[ \"NumArray \", \"sumRange \", \"sumRange \", \"sumRange \"\\]\n\\[\\[\\[-2, 0, 3, -5, 2, -1\\]\\], \\[0, 2\\], \\[2, 5\\], \\[0, 5\\]\\]\n**Output**\n\\[null, 1, -1, -3\\]\n\n**Explanation**\nNumArray numArray = new NumArray(\\[-2, 0, 3, -5, 2, -1\\]);\nnumArray.sumRange(0, 2); // return (-2) + 0 + 3 = 1\nnumArray.sumRange(2, 5); // return 3 + (-5) + 2 + (-1) = -1\nnumArray.sumRange(0, 5); // return (-2) + 0 + 3 + (-5) + 2 + (-1) = -3\n\n**Constraints:**\n\n* `1 <= nums.length <= 104`\n* `-105 <= nums[i] <= 105`\n* `0 <= left <= right < nums.length`\n* At most `104` calls will be made to `sumRange`." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "```python\nclass NumArray:\n\n def __init__(self, nums: List[int]):\n self.pSum = [0] * (len(nums) + 1)\n for i, num in enumerate(nums):\n self.pSum[i + 1] = self.pSum[i] + num\n\n def sumRange(self, left: int, right: int) -> int:\n return self.pSum[right + 1] - self.pSum[left]\n```\nexplanation\nThe algorithm uses the concept of prefix-sum to answer range-sum queries efficiently. In the constructor, we iterate through the input `nums` array and build an additional `pSum` array, which stores the prefix sum for each position i, i.e., sum of all elements from index 0 to index i (inclusive) of `nums`.\n\nThe `sumRange` method is simply a matter of taking the difference between two elements in the prefix-sum array. This difference will be the sum of elements between the given `left` and `right` indices (inclusive) in the input array.\n\nThe algorithm has a time complexity of O(1) for `sumRange` queries after the O(n) pre-processing of the input array during the constructor call. The space complexity is O(n) for the `pSum` array." } ]