Datasets:

Yoonseong

/

climatebert_factcheck

like 3

[CO2] is also a greenhouse gas which helps maintain earth at a habitable temperature.

Because its atmosphere consists mainly of CO 2, a known greenhouse gas, once Mars begins to heat, the CO 2 may help to keep thermal energy near the surface.

NOT_ENOUGH_INFO

neutral

Terraforming of Mars

It shows that ECS is probably between two and 4.5 degrees, possibly as low as 1.5 but not lower, and possibly as high as nine degrees.

Ordinary degrees are at level 9 and require 360 credits with a minimum of 90 at level 9.

NOT_ENOUGH_INFO

neutral

Bachelor's degree

California legislators have made it illegal for anyone to deny climate change, under threat of jail time.

If the government was armed with appropriate legislation and the threat of long prison terms, private citizens would not feel the need to act.

SUPPORTS

entailment

Institutional racism

Global warming' and 'climate change' mean different things and have both been used for decades.

Global warming and climate change are often used interchangeably.

REFUTES

contradiction

Global warming

Climate change is due to cosmic rays.

They also found that galactic cosmic rays, and total solar irradiance did not have any statistically significant influence on changes in cloud cover.

REFUTES

contradiction

Henrik Svensmark

More money is dedicated within the Department of Homeland Security to climate change than what's spent combating "Islamist terrorists radicalizing over the Internet in the United States of America."

Homeland security is an American national security umbrella term for "the national effort to ensure a homeland that is safe, secure, and resilient against terrorism and other hazards where American interests, aspirations, and ways of life can thrive to the national effort to prevent terrorist attacks within the United States, reduce the vulnerability of the U.S. to terrorism, and minimize the damage from attacks that do occur".

NOT_ENOUGH_INFO

neutral

Homeland security

Converting to these cleaner sources [of energy] may be somewhat costlier in the short term, but they could ultimately pay for themselves by heading off climate damages and reducing health problems associated with dirty air.

Other renewable sources such as wind power, photovoltaics, and hydroelectricity have the advantage of being able to conserve water, lower pollution and reduce CO 2 emissions.

SUPPORTS

entailment

Renewable energy

If Senator Wong was really serious about her science she would stop breathing because you inhale air that's got 385 parts per million carbon dioxide in it

European standards limit carbon dioxide to 3,500 ppm.

NOT_ENOUGH_INFO

neutral

Indoor air quality

“Today climate scientists are obsessed with the level of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere, a very very small part of the overall picture.

"Atmospheric concentrations of carbon dioxide, methane, and nitrous oxide have increased to levels unprecedented in at least the last 800,000 years."

NOT_ENOUGH_INFO

neutral

Scientific consensus on climate change

Consequently, CO2 levels at around 1,000 to 2,300 ppm were actually low enough to promote glaciation in the southern continent of Gondwana.

During the late Ordovician (~458.4 Ma), the particular configuration of Gondwana may have allowed for glaciation and high CO2 levels to occur at the same time.

SUPPORTS

entailment

Supercontinent

However, it is unable to explain the long term warming trend over the past few decades.

The New York Times highlighted their finding that the 20th century had been the warmest century in 600 years, quoting Mann saying that "Our conclusion was that the warming of the past few decades appears to be closely tied to emission of greenhouse gases by humans and not any of the natural factors".

REFUTES

contradiction

Hockey stick controversy

a new study by scientists at the Australian Research Council finds that the ongoing bleaching event is mainly due to human-caused global warming, and that if global warming proceeds as currently expected, “large parts” of the Great Barrier Reef could die by the mid-2030s.

A March 2016 report stated that coral bleaching was more widespread than previously thought, seriously affecting the northern parts of the reef as a result of warming ocean temperatures.

SUPPORTS

entailment

Great Barrier Reef

temperature under the ice is fixed at -2C.  Thus elevated winter air temperatures

Rarely, at a temperature of around −2 °C (28 °F), snowflakes can form in threefold symmetry—triangular snowflakes.

NOT_ENOUGH_INFO

neutral

Precipitation

Extreme melting and changes to the climate like this has released pressure on to the continent, allowing the ground to rise up.

The three main reasons warming causes global sea level to rise are: oceans expand, ice sheets lose ice faster than it forms from snowfall, and glaciers at higher altitudes also melt.

NOT_ENOUGH_INFO

neutral

Sea level rise

Thanks to a rapid rebound in recent months, global sea ice levels now equal those seen 29 years ago, when the year 1979 also drew to a close.

This post-glacial rebound, which proceeds very slowly after the melting of the ice sheet or glacier, is currently occurring in measurable amounts in Scandinavia and the Great Lakes region of North America.

REFUTES

contradiction

Glacier

About 60% of the warming observed from 1970 to 2000 was very likely caused by the above natural 60-year climatic cycle during its warming phase" (Loehle and Scafetta)

This period of warmth ended about 5,500 years ago with the descent into the Neoglacial and concomitant Neopluvial.

NOT_ENOUGH_INFO

neutral

Holocene

The error was incorrect citation, failing to mention the peer-reviewed papers where the data came from.

Authors may refer to non-peer-reviewed sources (the "grey literature"), provided that they are of sufficient quality.

NOT_ENOUGH_INFO

neutral

Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change

California legislators have made it illegal for anyone to deny climate change, under threat of jail time.

Among the political idiosyncrasies and trendsetting, California was the second state to recall their state governor, the second state to legalize abortion, and the only state to ban marriage for gay couples twice by vote (including Proposition 8 in 2008).

NOT_ENOUGH_INFO

neutral

California

Trudeau's carbon tax will raise gas prices by 11 cents/litre.

The tax will increase each year after until 2012, reaching a final price of $30 per tonne (7.2 cents per litre at the pumps).

NOT_ENOUGH_INFO

neutral

Carbon tax

Antarctica is gaining land-based ice, according to a new study by NASA scientists published in the Journal of Glaciology

Glaciology (from Latin: glacies, "frost, ice", and Ancient Greek: λόγος, logos, "subject matter"; literally "study of ice") is the scientific study of glaciers, or more generally ice and natural phenomena that involve ice.

NOT_ENOUGH_INFO

neutral

Glaciology

Most likely the primary control knob on climate change is the ocean waters and this environment that we live in.

"Episodic fresh surface waters in the Eocene Arctic Ocean".

NOT_ENOUGH_INFO

neutral

Climate change (general concept)

Let’s find out by comparing the actual temperatures since 1979 with what the 32 families of climate models used in the latest U.N. report on climate science predicted they would be.

Climate model projections summarized in the report indicated that during the 21st century the global surface temperature is likely to rise a further 0.3 to 1.7 °C (0.5 to 3.1 °F) in a moderate scenario, or as much as 2.6 to 4.8 °C (4.7 to 8.6 °F) in an extreme scenario, depending on the rate of future greenhouse gas emissions and on climate feedback effects.

NOT_ENOUGH_INFO

neutral

Global warming

“The IPCC reports also don’t fully account for the albedo effect (less ice means less reflected and more absorbed sunlight, hence more warming); more cloud cover (which traps heat); or the dieback of forests and other flora (which extract carbon from the atmosphere).

If cloud cover increases, more sunlight will be reflected back into space, cooling the planet.

NOT_ENOUGH_INFO

neutral

Global warming

The MWP lasted from about 950 to 1250AD, and temperature records appear to show it was even hotter than today

The Medieval Warm Period (MWP) also known as the Medieval Climate Optimum, or Medieval Climatic Anomaly was a time of warm climate in the North Atlantic region lasting from c. 950 to c. 1250.

SUPPORTS

entailment

Medieval Warm Period

water vapour has been the main greenhouse gas and carbon dioxide has had a minuscule effect on global climate

The primary greenhouse gases in Earth's atmosphere are water vapor (H2O), carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), nitrous oxide (N2O), and ozone (O3).

NOT_ENOUGH_INFO

neutral

Greenhouse gas

Al Gore's film was "broadly accurate" according to an expert witness called when an attempt was made through the courts to prevent the film being shown in schools.

The plaintiffs sought an injunction preventing the screening of the film in English schools, arguing that by law schools are forbidden to promote partisan political views and, when dealing with political issues, are required to provide a balanced presentation of opposing views.

NOT_ENOUGH_INFO

neutral

An Inconvenient Truth

Since then, the planet has been cooling on a millennial scale

Orbital forcing from cycles in the earth's orbit around the sun has, for the past 2,000 years, caused a long-term northern hemisphere cooling trend that continued through the Middle Ages and the Little Ice Age.

NOT_ENOUGH_INFO

neutral

Little Ice Age

Through decades of research, it has become clear that human civilization, roughly 6,000 years old, developed during an unusually stable period for global sea levels.

Over the years, more and more evidence has advanced the idea of "pre-Clovis" cultures including tools dating back about 15,550 years ago.

NOT_ENOUGH_INFO

neutral

United States

Ice berg melts, ocean level remains the same.

"The melting of floating ice raises the ocean level".

REFUTES

contradiction

Sea level rise

Around 97% of climate experts agree that humans are causing global warming.

In the scientific literature, there is an overwhelming consensus that global surface temperatures have increased in recent decades and that the trend is caused mainly by human-induced emissions of greenhouse gases.

NOT_ENOUGH_INFO

neutral

Global warming

“Federal scientists have documented a sharp jump in this nuisance flooding — often called ‘sunny-day flooding’ — along both the East Coast and the Gulf Coast in recent years.

In August 2017, Hurricane Harvey made landfall along the central Texas coast, then migrated to and stalled over the greater Houston area for several days, producing extreme, unprecedented rainfall totals of over 40 inches (1,000 mm) in many areas, unleashing widespread flooding.

NOT_ENOUGH_INFO

neutral

Gulf Coast of the United States

“Earlier this month, NASA scientists provided a visualization of a startling climate change trend — the Earth is getting greener, as viewed from space, especially in its rapidly warming northern regions.

NASA's Climate Change website indicates a compatible overall trend of greater than 100 gigatonnes of ice loss per year since 2002.

NOT_ENOUGH_INFO

neutral

Antarctica

CO2 limits won't cool the planet.

If cloud cover increases, more sunlight will be reflected back into space, cooling the planet.

NOT_ENOUGH_INFO

neutral

Global warming

CO2 limits won't cool the planet.

Global warming is the long-term rise in the average temperature of the Earth's climate system.

NOT_ENOUGH_INFO

neutral

Global warming

Some experts think we’re on track to hit 550 ppm by the end of the century, which would cause average global temperatures to rise by 6 degrees Celsius

The oft-cited Mauna Loa average for 2012 is 393.8 ppm, which is a good approximation although typically about 1 ppm higher than the spatial average given above.

NOT_ENOUGH_INFO

neutral

Greenhouse gas

Temperatures in the Arctic have soared recently, and scientists are struggling to explain exactly why.

The effects of global warming in the Arctic include rising temperatures, loss of sea ice, and melting of the Greenland ice sheet.

NOT_ENOUGH_INFO

neutral

Arctic

"NASA satellite data from the years 2000 through 2011 show the Earth's atmosphere is allowing far more heat to be released into space than alarmist computer models have predicted, reports a new study in the peer-reviewed science journal Remote Sensing.

A study released in 2009, combined historical weather station data with satellite measurements to deduce past temperatures over large regions of the continent, and these temperatures indicate an overall warming trend.

NOT_ENOUGH_INFO

neutral

Global warming controversy

Volcanoes, solar variations, clouds, methane, aerosols - these all change the way energy enters and/or leaves our climate.

These external forcings can be natural, such as variations in solar intensity and volcanic eruptions, or caused by humans.

SUPPORTS

entailment

Climate system

By 2080, without dramatic reductions in emissions, southern Europe will be in permanent extreme drought, much worse than the American dust bowl ever was.

There are frequent summer droughts in this region.

NOT_ENOUGH_INFO

neutral

Europe

In looking at Earth’s past, scientists can predict what the future will look like

Scientists do not predict that a natural ice age will occur anytime soon.

REFUTES

contradiction

Global catastrophic risk

The Millennium Drought starting in 1997 and ending in 2010 was misinterpreted as a long term trend as a consequence of Climate Change.

The long Australian Millennial drought broke in 2010.

SUPPORTS

entailment

Drought

But when the Arctic warms up faster than the equator does […] the jet stream’s flow can become weakened and elongated.

With a weaker jet stream, the Polar vortex has a higher probability to leak out of the polar area and bring extremely cold weather to the middle latitude regions.

NOT_ENOUGH_INFO

neutral

Jet stream

The consequences of climate change become increasingly bad after each additional degree of warming, with the consequences of 2°C being quite damaging and the consequences of 4°C being potentially catastrophic.

For example, limiting global warming to 1.5 °C relative to pre-industrial levels reduces climate change damages more than a 2 °C limit.

SUPPORTS

entailment

Climate change mitigation

While methane is a more potent greenhouse gas than CO2, there is over 200 times more CO2 in the atmosphere.

Methane in the Earth's atmosphere is a strong greenhouse gas with a global warming potential (GWP) 104 times greater than CO2 in a 20-year time frame; methane is not as persistent a gas as CO2 (assuming no change in carbon sequestration rates) and tails off to about GWP of 28 for a 100-year time frame.

SUPPORTS

entailment

Atmospheric methane

NOAA has adjusted past temperatures to look colder than they were and recent temperatures to look warmer than they were.

'Our corrected data set says things have warmed up about 1.65 degrees Fahrenheit.

NOT_ENOUGH_INFO

neutral

Global warming hiatus

Polar bear numbers are increasing.

Warnings about the future of the polar bear are often contrasted with the fact that worldwide population estimates have increased over the past 50 years and are relatively stable today.

NOT_ENOUGH_INFO

neutral

Polar bear

The long term trend from albedo is that of cooling.

The scattering of radiation causes atmospheric cooling, whereas absorption can cause atmospheric warming.

SUPPORTS

entailment

Albedo

Meanwhile, it will likely to continue to snow in Chicago in the coming days.

Up to 2 to 3 feet (0.6–0.9 m) of snow was forecast for mountainous areas of the state.

NOT_ENOUGH_INFO

neutral

Hurricane Sandy

Whatever is driving increases in winter Arctic temperatures is not heat coming out of the Arctic Ocean, which is covered with insulating ice.'

It is partly covered by sea ice throughout the year and almost completely in winter.

NOT_ENOUGH_INFO

neutral

Arctic Ocean

The IPCC no longer includes the ‘Hockey stick’ chart in its reports.

Besides the Sixth Assessment Report, to be completed in 2022, the IPCC released the Special Report on Global Warming of 1.5 °C in October 2018, released an update to its 2006 Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories—the 2019 Refinement—in May 2019, and delivered two further special reports in 2019: the Special Report on Climate Change and Land (SRCCL), published online on 7 August, and the Special Report on the Ocean and Cryosphere in a Changing Climate (SROCC), released on 25 September 2019.

NOT_ENOUGH_INFO

neutral

Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change

Days of near-100-degree-Fahrenheit temperatures cooked the Mountain West in early July, and a scorching heat wave lingered over the Pacific Northwest in early August.”

From July 4 to July 9, 2010, the majority of the American East Coast, from the Carolinas to Maine, was gripped in a severe heat wave.

NOT_ENOUGH_INFO

neutral

2010 Northern Hemisphere heat waves

Since 1965, more parts of the U.S. have seen a decrease in flooding than have seen an increase.

According the Vermont state government, rainfall has significantly increased in the last 50 years, storms and flooding have increased, and winters have become warmer and shorter.

REFUTES

contradiction

Vermont

Wu et al (2010) use a new method to calculate ice sheet mass balance.

"A method of combining ICESat and GRACE satellite data to constrain Antarctic mass balance".

NOT_ENOUGH_INFO

neutral

Post-glacial rebound

Donald Trump signed an executive order naming climate change as a threat "both to the economy and national security."

On January 25, Trump signed an executive order, "Enhancing Public Safety in the Interior of the United States", to the Secretary of Homeland Security and the Attorney General and their departments and agencies to increase the enforcement of immigration laws which included the hiring of 10,000 "additional immigration officers".

NOT_ENOUGH_INFO

neutral

First 100 days of Donald Trump's presidency

The most recent IPCC report lays out a future if we limit global heating to 1.5°C instead of the Paris Agreement’s 2°C.

Deep reductions in non-CO2 emissions (such as nitrous oxide and methane) will also be required to limit warming to 1.5 °C.

SUPPORTS

entailment

Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change

"The IPCC’s Fourth Assessment Report, 2007, carries in three places a graph in which the Hadley Center’s global mean surface temperature anomaly dataset from 1850-2005 is displayed with four arbitrarily-chosen trend-lines overlaid upon it.

This section of the report, Climate Change 2007: The Physical Science Basis, assessed current scientific knowledge of "the natural and human drivers of climate change" as well as observed changes in climate.

NOT_ENOUGH_INFO

neutral

IPCC Fourth Assessment Report

Greenland on the whole is losing ice, as confirmed by satellite measurement.

"Greenland Glaciers Losing Ice Much Faster, Study Says".

SUPPORTS

entailment

Greenland

"[Models] are full of fudge factors that are fitted to the existing climate, so the models more or less agree with the observed data.

In the case of an inconsistency between the data and model's results, the general tendency is to try to make minimal modifications to the model so that it produces results that fit the data.

SUPPORTS

entailment

Astronomy

While summer maximums have showed little trend, the annual average Arctic temperature has risen sharply in recent decades.

The IPCC also indicate that, over the last 100 years, the annually averaged temperature in the Arctic has increased by almost twice as much as the global mean temperature has.

SUPPORTS

entailment

Climate of the Arctic

“Houlton has been exploring this possibility for years.

The Last Valley (1971) is a film starring Michael Caine and Omar Sharif, who discover a temporary haven from the Thirty Years' War.

NOT_ENOUGH_INFO

neutral

Thirty Years' War

CO2 limits won't cool the planet

Occupational CO 2 exposure limits have been set in the United States at 0.5% (5000 ppm) for an eight-hour period.

NOT_ENOUGH_INFO

neutral

Carbon dioxide

Climategate CRU emails suggest conspiracy

The CRU emails do not show either that the science is flawed or that the scientific process has been compromised.

NOT_ENOUGH_INFO

neutral

Climatic Research Unit email controversy

A cold day in Chicago in winter has nothing to do with the trend of global warming.

"What caused the recent "Warm Arctic, Cold Continents" trend pattern in winter temperatures?".

NOT_ENOUGH_INFO

neutral

Global warming

“So now we’re able to explain from natural factors how we’ve had the 20th Century warming.

One argument is that of global warming occurring due to human-caused emission of greenhouse gases, particularly carbon dioxide produced by the burning of fossil fuels.

NOT_ENOUGH_INFO

neutral

20th century

The broader term covers changes beyond warmer temperatures, such as shifting rainfall patterns.”

But, more accurately, global warming is the mainly human-caused increase in global surface temperatures and its projected continuation, while climate change includes both global warming and its effects, such as changes in precipitation.

NOT_ENOUGH_INFO

neutral

Global warming

"Three recent articles give us reason to question the alarmists’ claims that coral reefs are in deep trouble due to the buildup of greenhouse gases." (World Climate Report)

It is "extremely likely" that this warming arises from "human activities, especially emissions of greenhouse gases" in the atmosphere.

NOT_ENOUGH_INFO

neutral

Scientific consensus on climate change

The long term warming trend indicates the total energy in the Earth's climate system is increasing due to an energy imbalance.

Climate forcings are changes that cause temperatures to rise or fall, disrupting the energy balance.

NOT_ENOUGH_INFO

neutral

Earth's energy budget

U.S. Forest Service data show pine beetle infestations have recently declined dramatically throughout the western United States.

As of May 2013, the Pine Beetle is aggressively devastating forests in all 19 Western States and Canada, destroying approximately 88 million acres of timber at a 70–90% kill rate.

REFUTES

contradiction

Mountain pine beetle

More money is dedicated within the Department of Homeland Security to climate change than what's spent combating "Islamist terrorists radicalizing over the Internet in the United States of America."

The center works on the Internet's routing infrastructure (the SPRI program) and Domain Name System (DNSSEC), identity theft and other online criminal activity (ITTC), Internet traffic and networks research (PREDICT datasets and the DETER testbed), Department of Defense and HSARPA exercises (Livewire and Determined Promise), and wireless security in cooperation with Canada.

NOT_ENOUGH_INFO

neutral

United States Department of Homeland Security

However, there is a process of accretion, where coral broken up by the waves washes up on these low-lying islands as sand, counteracting the reduction in land mass.

If sea level changes are too drastic, time will be insufficient for wave action to accumulate sand into a dune, which will eventually become a barrier island through aggradation.

NOT_ENOUGH_INFO

neutral

Barrier island

'Our harmless emissions of trifling quantities of carbon dioxide cannot possibly acidify the oceans.

Carbon dioxide dissolves in the ocean to form carbonic acid (H2CO3), bicarbonate (HCO3−) and carbonate (CO32−).

NOT_ENOUGH_INFO

neutral

Carbon dioxide

Surface temperatures can show short-term cooling when heat is exchanged between the atmosphere and the ocean, which has a much greater heat capacity than the air.

Longitudinal circulation, on the other hand, comes about because the ocean has a higher specific heat capacity than land (and also thermal conductivity, allowing the heat to penetrate further beneath the surface ) and thereby absorbs and releases more heat, but the temperature changes less than land.

SUPPORTS

entailment

Convection

The latest NOAA report is “a reminder that climate change has not, despite the insistence of climate contrarians ‘paused’ or even slowed down,” Mann said..

The term is also used within the context of global warming to describe sudden climate change that is detectable over the time-scale of a human lifetime, possibly as the result of feedback loops within the climate system.

NOT_ENOUGH_INFO

neutral

Abrupt climate change

“The oceans, which absorb more than 90% of the extra CO2 pumped into the atmosphere“

Currently, about half of the carbon dioxide released from the burning of fossil fuels remains in the atmosphere and is not absorbed by vegetation and the oceans.

REFUTES

contradiction

Carbon dioxide

La Niñas, on the other hand, feature cooler than average waters in the Pacific

latent heat) at the temperature of the warm ocean surface (during evaporation, the ocean cools and the air warms).

NOT_ENOUGH_INFO

neutral

Tropical cyclone

That human CO2 is causing global warming is known with high certainty & confirmed by observations.

In the scientific literature, there is an overwhelming consensus that global surface temperatures have increased in recent decades and that the trend is caused mainly by human-induced emissions of greenhouse gases.

SUPPORTS

entailment

Global warming

If those emissions continue unchecked and the world is allowed to heat up enough, scientists have no doubt that large parts of Antarctica will melt into the sea.

Continued carbon dioxide emissions from fossil fuel sources could cause additional tens of metres of sea level rise, over the next millennia, and the available fossil fuel on Earth is even enough to ultimately melt the entire Antarctic ice sheet, causing about 58 m (190 ft) of sea level rise.

SUPPORTS

entailment

Sea level rise

Mr. Singer is a professor emeritus of environmental science at the University of Virginia.

Singer accepted a professorship in Environmental Sciences at the University of Virginia in 1971, a position he held until 1994, where he taught classes on environmental issues such as ozone depletion, acid rain, climate change, population growth, and public policy issues related to oil and energy.

SUPPORTS

entailment

Fred Singer

The Obama administration's "own Environmental Protection Agency" has said its Clean Power Plan "will have a marginal impact on climate change."

Janet McCabe, an Obama Administration EPA department head, stated that the decision completely disregards the impacts of climate and the cost and benefits associated with the started programs.

NOT_ENOUGH_INFO

neutral

Clean Power Plan

[ocean acidification was ] First referenced in a peer-reviewed study in Nature in 2003

A study in 2008 examining a sediment core from the North Atlantic found that while the species composition of coccolithophorids has remained unchanged for the industrial period 1780 to 2004, the calcification of coccoliths has increased by up to 40% during the same time.

SUPPORTS

entailment

Ocean acidification

The atmosphere of the Earth is less able to absorb shortwave radiation from the Sun than thermal radiation coming from the surface.

For example, O2 and O3 absorb almost all wavelengths shorter than 300 nanometers.

NOT_ENOUGH_INFO

neutral

Atmosphere of Earth

The warming effect from more CO2 greatly outstrips the influence from changes in the Earth's orbit or solar activity, even if solar levels were to drop to Maunder Minimum levels.

If the Sun was responsible for observed warming, warming of the troposphere at the surface and warming at the top of the stratosphere would be expected as increase solar activity would replenish ozone and oxides of nitrogen.

NOT_ENOUGH_INFO

neutral

Attribution of recent climate change

for thousands of millions of years the Earth has been changing, with cycles­ and one-off events such as an asteroid impact, super-volcano or a supernova explosion.

These dates change over time due to precession and other orbital factors, which follow cyclical patterns known as Milankovitch cycles.

NOT_ENOUGH_INFO

neutral

Earth

But [climate scientists] say that aspects of the case of Hurricane Harvey—and the recent history of tropical cyclones worldwide—suggest global warming is making a bad situation worse.

Weather events are due to multiple factors, and so cannot be said to be caused by one precondition, but climate change affects aspects of extreme events, and very likely worsened some of the impacts of Harvey.

SUPPORTS

entailment

Hurricane Harvey

The statement that so-called greenhouse gases, especially CO2, contribute to near-surface atmospheric warming is in glaring contradiction to well-known physical laws relating to gas and vapour, as well as to general caloric theory.'

The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change said the likelihood was 90 percent to 99 percent that emissions of heat-trapping greenhouse gases like carbon dioxide, spewed from tailpipes and smokestacks, were the dominant cause of the observed warming of the last 50 years.

NOT_ENOUGH_INFO

neutral

Scientific consensus on climate change

contrary to the hypothesis that rising temperature is caused by increasing CO2.

Increases in atmospheric concentrations of CO 2 and other long-lived greenhouse gases such as methane, nitrous oxide and ozone have correspondingly strengthened their absorption and emission of infrared radiation, causing the rise in average global temperature since the mid-20th century.

REFUTES

contradiction

Carbon dioxide

Sea ice continued its declining trend, both in the Arctic and Antarctic.

"A 40-y record reveals gradual Antarctic sea ice increases followed by decreases at rates far exceeding the rates seen in the Arctic".

NOT_ENOUGH_INFO

neutral

Antarctica

but Antarctica is losing land ice at an accelerating rate, which has implications for sea level rise.

It is important to understand the various types of Antarctic ice to understand possible effects on sea levels and the implications of global cooling.

NOT_ENOUGH_INFO

neutral

Antarctica

Great Barrier Reef may perish by 2030s

"The Reef 2050 Plan".

NOT_ENOUGH_INFO

neutral

Great Barrier Reef

We have also been told the problem is DEFINITELY NOT a billions-year-old planet running through cycles where the temperature might fluctuate a bit.

Each layer has a different lapse rate, defining the rate of change in temperature with height.

NOT_ENOUGH_INFO

neutral

Earth

nothing we can do to stop the Earth’s naturally occurring climate cycles.

The Milankovitch cycles are a set of cyclic variations in characteristics of the Earth's orbit around the Sun.

SUPPORTS

entailment

Ice age

Bill Gates claims pandemic's 'misery' will 'happen regularly' if climate change is not stopped

The climatic conditions that cause this warning became more frequent because of climate change, and will worsen if temperatures continue to increase.

NOT_ENOUGH_INFO

neutral

Climate change adaptation

Satellite transmissions are extremely small and irrelevant.

Terrestrial television is a type of television broadcasting in which the television signal is transmitted by radio waves from the terrestrial (Earth-based) transmitter of a television station to a TV receiver having an antenna.

NOT_ENOUGH_INFO

neutral

Terrestrial television

Growers regularly pump CO2 into greenhouses, raising levels to three times that of the natural environment, to produce stronger, greener, healthier plants.”

Adequate levels of CO2 must be maintained for the plants to grow efficiently.

SUPPORTS

entailment

Cannabis cultivation

‘This study goes beyond statistical correlations and explores a specific process that can plausibly explain how enhanced high-latitude warming trends may trigger remote weather impacts,’ he said.

Observational studies analyze uncontrolled data in search of correlations; multivariate statistics are typically used to interpret the more complex situation.

NOT_ENOUGH_INFO

neutral

Psychology

receding polar ice caps have little if any negative impact on human health and welfare, and likely a positive benefit

This could negatively affect the affordability of food and the subsequent health of the population.

NOT_ENOUGH_INFO

neutral

Effects of global warming on human health

there has been no systematic increase in the frequency of extreme weather events,

Even small changes in temperatures can lead to increased frequency of extreme weather conditions.

NOT_ENOUGH_INFO

neutral

Malnutrition

Hurricane Harvey gave Houston and the surrounding region a $125 billion lesson about the costs of misjudging the potential for floods

Preliminary reporting from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration set a more concrete total at $125 billion, making Harvey the 2nd costliest tropical cyclone on record, behind Hurricane Katrina with 2017 costs of $161 billion (after adjusting for inflation).

SUPPORTS

entailment

Hurricane Harvey

Greenland ice sheet … would balloon sea levels by around 7m should it disintegrate

The Greenland ice sheet occupies about 82% of the surface of Greenland, and if melted would cause sea levels to rise by 7.2 metres.

SUPPORTS

entailment

Ice sheet

Glaciers are in rapid retreat worldwide, despite 1 error in 1 paragraph in a 3000 page IPCC report.

"Widespread, rapid grounding line retreat of Pine Island, Thwaites, Smith and Kohler glaciers, West Antarctica from 1992 to 2011".

NOT_ENOUGH_INFO

neutral

West Antarctic Ice Sheet