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Emily Ratajkowski, Personal life
| On the eve of the February 2016 New Hampshire Democratic primary , Ratajkowski spoke at a Bernie Sanders rally in New Hampshire to endorse his campaign . One of the main points of her speech , and her social media activity surrounding it , was to counter Gloria Steinem 's statement that young female Sanders supporters were involved in the campaign ( rather than supporting fellow female Hillary Clinton ) to meet potential male romantic partners . |
Emily Ratajkowski, Media image
| Ratajkowski has been frequently named in lists and polls that rank beauty or fashion in the media . She was ranked in Maxim 's Hot 100 list in both 2014 ( No. 62 ) and 2015 ( No. 2 ) . AskMen ranked her among its most desirable women of 2014 ( No. 3 ) and 2016 ( No. 14 ) ; while FHM ranked her among the sexiest in 2014 ( No. 4 ) , and 2015 ( No. 18 ) . She is also praised for her fashion sense : Ratajkowski made Vogue Italia 's Best Dressed List of 2015 , and Harper 's Bazaar placed her atop its best dressed list at the February 2016 New York Fashion Week . |
Emily Ratajkowski, Media image
| Ratajkowski 's acting career had a slow start . After a minor acting role in Gone Girl , she played herself in Entourage . In their respective reviews of We Are Your Friends , Richard Roeper and Wesley Morris said that Ratajkowski , again playing the attractive object of affection , again failed to demonstrate acting prowess . |
Emily Ratajkowski, Media image
| Ratajkowski described the pressure that she endured as a youth around her sexuality and her thoughts on female sexual empowerment , in Lena Dunham 's Lenny Letter newsletter on February 16 , 2016 . Elle magazine , Esquire magazine , and Harper 's Bazaar republished her letter . Critics , including Glamour magazine 's Hayley Spencer , The Huffington Post 's Jenavieve Hatch , and Rachael Moon of the Daily Mirror , praised it . According to Cosmopolitan magazine 's Nikki Kinstlinger and Georgia Simmonds of Marie Claire , Ratajkowski finds self @-@ empowerment in defining and owning the expression of her sexuality and body . Salon 's Erin Coulehan described the essay 's identification of a societal catch @-@ 22 , in which showcasing female sexuality that may " offend , excite , or create envy " leads to criticism and body shaming . InStyle 's Isabella Silvers concurred that " female sexuality isn 't always for the benefit of someone else " . Charlotte Gill of The Independent admitted that she was in the minority in finding the letter " rambling " and " dull " . |
Emily Ratajkowski, Media image
| Ratajkowski defended Kim Kardashian from criticism when Kardashian posted a controversial naked selfie on Instagram in March , saying that women have the right to " express their sexuality and share their bodies however they choose " . Then , Kardashian and Ratajkowski jointly advocated via social media for female sexual empowerment and against body shaming ; nearly one million social media followers responded positively , and prominent global media outlets took notice . |
Emily Ratajkowski, Media image
| Following her letter and social media statement , the controversy about her feminism heightened . Piers Morgan stated that Ratajkowski 's form of feminism was a misguided affront to true feminism , labeling it pseudo @-@ feminist gibberish . After Morgan wrote that " feminism as it was intended is dead " , the Chicago Tribune 's Heidi Stevens , as well as The Daily Telegraph 's Helen Pankhurst ( Emmeline Pankhurst 's great @-@ granddaughter ) said that Ratajkowski neither killed nor bolstered feminism . Women 's Wear Daily 's Taylor Harris questioned the impact of Ratajkowski 's feminism . The Independent 's Gill questioned Ratajkowski 's feminism , saying that her professional activities " continued to advocate industries that treat us as pieces of meat " . Heather Saul of The Independent wrote in support of Ratajkowski in an article subtitled " Ratajkowski is becoming an important feminist voice in the debate over female censorship and sexuality " . New York 's Allie Jones called Ratajkowski " the best feminist celeb " . |
Spafford Farm massacre
| The Spafford Farm massacre , also referred to as the Wayne massacre , was an attack upon U.S. militia and civilians that occurred as part of the Black Hawk War near present @-@ day South Wayne , Wisconsin . Spafford Farm was settled in 1830 by Omri Spafford and his partner Francis Spencer . |
Spafford Farm massacre
| Before the war started they made numerous improvements to the parcel of land . On June 14 , 1832 five men were attacked by a Kickapoo war party , three whites were killed instantly , including Spafford . In total at least one Native and four white settlers were killed in the action . Two men managed to escape , though one was fooled into thinking Fort Hamilton had been overtaken by a group of friendly Menominee for days before he finally sought refuge there . The incident at Spafford Farm eventually led to the Battle of Horseshoe Bend ( also known as the Battle of Pecatonica ) . |
Spafford Farm massacre, Background
| As a consequence of an 1804 treaty between the Governor of Indiana Territory and a group of Sauk and Fox leaders regarding land settlement , in 1828 the Sauk and Fox tribes vacated their lands in Illinois and moved west of the Mississippi River . However , Sauk Black Hawk and others disputed the treaty , claiming that the full tribal councils had not been consulted , nor did those representing the tribes have authorization to cede land . Angered by the loss of his birthplace , Black Hawk led a number of incursions across the Mississippi River beginning in 1830 . Each time , he was persuaded without bloodshed to return west . In April 1832 , encouraged by promises of alliance with other tribes and the British , he again moved his so @-@ called " British Band " of around 1 @,@ 000 warriors and civilians into Illinois . Finding no allies , he attempted to return to Iowa , but events overtook him and led to the Battle of Stillman 's Run . A number of other engagements followed , and the state militias of Wisconsin and Illinois were mobilized to hunt down Black Hawk 's band . The ensuing conflict became known as the Black Hawk War . On May 19 , a group of militia volunteers were ambushed at Buffalo Grove and the same day as the raid at Plum River , May 21 , a more famous war event , the Indian Creek massacre , occurred . The Indian Creek event , believed to mostly a peripheral event to the Black Hawk War was followed on by more violence preceding the attack at Spafford Farm . |
Spafford Farm massacre, Prelude
| The Spafford Farm massacre , also known as the Wayne massacre , occurred in LaFayette County , Wisconsin , near present @-@ day South Wayne , Wisconsin during the course of the Black Hawk War . The first land claim in Lafayette County was made in tandem by Omri Spafford and Francis Spencer in 1830 . The location that become known as Spafford Farm , was located near the junction of the Spafford 's Branch and the Pecatonica River . The pair made many improvements on the land prior to the onset of the war in 1832 . Present at Spafford Farm the day of the massacre besides Spafford was Spencer , Bennett Million , Abraham Searles , James McIllwaine , and an Englishman identified only by the moniker " John Bull " , but probably being John Compton . |
Spafford Farm massacre, Massacre
| On June 14 , 1832 the six men were sent from Fort Hamilton to work on Spafford Farm . The group had just commenced working when they were attacked by a band of Kickapoo warriors . The warriors had concealed themselves in some trees near the farmstead and opened fire in a surprise attack . The men dropped their tools and broke for the Pecatonica River , reaching the river and making a hasty crossing . Having crossed the river , four of the men were shot as they clambered up the opposite bank . |
Spafford Farm massacre, Massacre
| Spafford , Searles and McIllwaine were killed instantly in the melee ; also killed was " Bull " ( probably John Compton ) . Spencer and 17 @-@ year @-@ old Million were able to escape the attackers . Million escaped by jumping into the Pecatonica River , hiding in brush and making his way to Fort Hamilton . Spencer 's escape was a longer process . He did not jump into the river , but hid along the banks . One of the attackers pursued him but Spencer killed the warrior before he could be overtaken . He wandered the woods for several days before reaching Fort Hamilton . |
Spafford Farm massacre, Massacre
| Spencer reached Fort Hamilton around the same time that Colonel William S. Hamilton arrived with a large group of Menominee who had volunteered against the Sauk and Fox . Afraid that the fort had also been attacked , Spencer retreated back into the woods . He avoided the fort for between six and nine days , when hunger finally drove him into the open where he realized his mistake . |
Spafford Farm massacre, Aftermath
| Word of the attack at Spafford 's farm spread quickly to Fort Defiance , about five miles southeast of Mineral Point . A small volunteer force of 13 men was assembled at Fort Defiance and they set off to hunt down the band of Native Americans responsible for the massacre . The group reached Fort Hamilton at around midnight on June 15 . On the morning of June 15 survivor , Bennett Million guided the militia volunteers back to the site of the massacre ; one of the volunteers was Alexander Higgenbotham , a survivor of the St. Vrain massacre . The bodies of the dead were badly mutilated and Spafford 's corpse was headless ; his head was found scalped and tossed into the grass along the river bank . The volunteers buried the mangled bodies of the fallen and searched in vain for Spencer , whom they also assumed dead . |
Spafford Farm massacre, Aftermath
| Colonel Henry Dodge was at Gratiot 's Grove when the war descended upon Spafford Farm , having just sent his volunteers to their forts to resupply and recuperate . Shortly after he arrived back at his home fort , he received word of the Aubrey murder at Fort Blue Mounds and the incident at Spafford Farm . Dodge ordered militia detachments from Fort Defiance , Fort Jackson , and Fort Hamilton to the scene of the massacre . |
Spafford Farm massacre, Aftermath
| After the massacre , General Henry Atkinson was informed that Dodge was to take over General Alexander Posey 's brigade at Fort Hamilton . While Dodge was on his way to visit the brigade , he heard a rifle shot from a group of Native Americans . Dodge quickly returned to his command post and gathered as many men as he could to pursue the enemy . With Dodge in quick pursuit , a group of approximately 25 Native warriors criss @-@ crossed the Pecatonica River until , finding flight hopeless , they prepared to make a stand at the Battle of Pecatonica . |
I Miss You ( Miley Cyrus song )
| " I Miss You " is a song by American recording artist , Miley Cyrus . It was co @-@ written by Cyrus ( credited under her birth name Destiny Hope Cyrus ) , Brian Green , Wendy Foy Green , and produced by Brian Green . " I Miss You " is a homage to Cyrus ' late grandfather , Ron Cyrus , who died in February 28 , 2006 . He was diagnosed with mesothelioma , and , seeing her grandfather nearing death , Cyrus wanted to write him a song prior to his decease . It was released to Radio Disney mid @-@ year 2007 as promotion for the dual disc Hannah Montana 2 : Meet Miley Cyrus . The song is a ballad with rock and country influences . |
I Miss You ( Miley Cyrus song )
| The song received generally positive reviews from music critics ; some commented on how it deviated from her usual material at the time and how effective the message was . " I Miss You " appeared on two United States charts : it peaked at number nine on Bubbling Under Hot 100 Singles , an extension of the Billboard Hot 100 chart , and at number ninety @-@ two on the defunct Pop 100 . Cyrus performed the song on acoustic guitar as an encore at several stops on her first headlining concert tour , the Best of Both Worlds Tour ( 2007 – 08 ) . |
I Miss You ( Miley Cyrus song ), Background
| The singer had a very close relationship with her paternal grandfather , Ron Cyrus , a Democratic legislator in the state of Kentucky and public servant , whom she referred to as " Pappy " . He was diagnosed with mesothelioma , a rare form of cancer that develops from the protective lining that covers many of the body 's internal organs , and struggled with the illness for several years as result of exposure to asbestos . Cyrus then relocated from Franklin , Tennessee to Los Angeles , California to commence work on the Disney Channel original series Hannah Montana . At the sight of her grandfather ailing from afar , Cyrus was inspired to compose " I Miss You " . In her autobiography Miles to Go ( 2009 ) , she explained , " That 's how I ended up writing the song ' I Miss You ' for Pappy . He was so sick . I knew he was dying , and slowly so did my heart . I couldn 't imagine life without him . " She co @-@ wrote the song with her mother 's dear friends Wendy Foy Green and Brian Green , and described it as the most difficult song for her write because of the subject matter . Cyrus attempted to halt writing " I Miss You " , telling her co @-@ writers she could not bear anymore . |
I Miss You ( Miley Cyrus song ), Background
| However , Cyrus later desired to resume writing , saying she " knew what [ her ] heart wanted to say , and whatever is in [ her ] heart finds its way to [ her ] fingertips . " Moreover , she desired for her grandfather to listen to the song before passing away . Although Cyrus was never able to sing it for him , her father played a quick cut of " I Miss You " for Ron towards the end of his life . The singer said she liked to believe that the song gave her grandfather hope , in a similar fashion which he gave and continues to give hope to her . At the age of 70 , Ron Cyrus died on February 28 , 2006 , two days prior the red carpet premiere of Hannah Montana . In the episode " She 's a Supersneak " , Cyrus sang a part of the song as Miley Stewart , in memory of the character 's late mother . Cyrus then recorded the song for her debut album , Meet Miley Cyrus . The singer believed that , despite having personal significance to her , " I Miss You " could have a variety of meanings for distinct people in divergent situations , including moving away from home , the loss of a parent , or a breakup in a romantic relationship . |
I Miss You ( Miley Cyrus song ), Composition
| " I Miss You " is a pop music song with a length of three minutes and fifty @-@ eight seconds . It is a ballad that maintains low @-@ key with an acoustic styling . " I Miss You " is influenced by elements of the country music genre ; nevertheless , it has a rock music @-@ based musical arrangement , relying prominently on a gentle strumming guitar for instrumentation . Written in the key of B ♭ major but will transpose at the key of C major at the end of the bridge , " I Miss You " is set in common time with a tempo of 85 beats per minute . Cyrus ' low and throaty vocals span a one octave , ranging from G3 to B ♭ 4 . The song has the following chord progression , B ♭ – Gm7 – F – F – Fsus . |
I Miss You ( Miley Cyrus song ), Reception, Critical reception
| " I Miss You " has received generally positive reviews from music critics . Heather Phares of Allmusic complimented " I Miss You " , and categorized it as one of the tracks on Meet Miley Cyrus that bared much resemblance to Hannah Montana songs . Andy Webster of The New York Times wrote that " I Miss You " is " as doleful as it gets " . Andy Spletzer of the Seattle Post @-@ Intelligencer believed the track had a level a sincerity that was void from the remainder of Cyrus ' repertoire at the time . He added , " The songs are more guitar @-@ driven , the outfits more adult , and the lyrics imply a string of bad boyfriends -- but it feels like imaginary drama taken from high school poetry , as if she 's pretending to be older than she is . " In a similar note , Elysa Gardner of USA Today stated the song was the exception to the " heavy on flash and fantasy " that characterized Cyrus at the time . Joseph P. Kahn of the Boston Globe mentioned the song while remarking that Cyrus ' songs surpass much of the music played on Radio Disney . Maitland McDonagh of TV Guide believed the track a was a clear demonstration of how affectionate Cyrus was with her grandfather . Kelly Jane Torrance of The Washington Times said " I Miss You " was an unpredictable effort , which , according to her , was both empathetic and executed properly , from Cyrus . |
I Miss You ( Miley Cyrus song ), Reception, Chart performance
| On the week ending July 14 , 2007 , " I Miss You " debuted on two US Billboard charts . It entered at number nine on the Billboard Hot 100 extension , the Bubbling Under Hot 100 Singles chart , and at number ninety @-@ two in its only week on the discontinued Pop 100 chart . The following week , the song fell to number twenty @-@ five in its second and final appearance on the Bubbling Under Hot 100 Singles chart . |
I Miss You ( Miley Cyrus song ), Live performances
| Cyrus performed " I Miss You " as an encore on sporadic dates of her first headlining tour , the Best of Both Worlds Tour , which extended from October 2007 to January 2008 . The tour 's concert film uses the performance within the set , although it was not performed as such . The performance had Cyrus dressed in a white tank top , blue cardigan , and denim pants , and sole on the stage . She sat on a stool that placed towards the end of the runaway , performing with an acoustic guitar , as images and home footage of Ron Cyrus appeared on the screens . Chris William of Entertainment Weekly attended the November 8 , 2007 concert at the San Diego Sports Arena in San Diego , California , and wrote , " So it was especially sweet when , for the encore , she ditched the dancers and enhancers and strummed an acoustic guitar on ' I Miss You , ' vulnerably serenading her late grandpappy — and , for once , really looking and sounding 14 . Not everyone noticed because , when she finished , half the seats were empty . " Alison Bonaguro Dressed of the Chicago Tribune stated that , despite its simplicity , the performance on December 8 , 2007 at the Allstate Arena in Rosemont , Illinois felt like as though it was the largest production of all . In a gray shirt and black pants , Cyrus performed the song , along with " Ready , Set , Don 't Go " and " The Best of Both Worlds " , on The Oprah Winfrey Show on December 20 , 2007 , as a screen displayed a light @-@ blue background . On October 5 , 2013 , as part of a Saturday Night Live skit , Cyrus performed an excerpt from " I Miss You " with actress Vanessa Bayer . |
55 Cancri b
| 55 Cancri b ( abbreviated 55 Cnc b ) , occasionally designated 55 Cancri Ab ( to distinguish it from the star 55 Cancri B ) , also named Galileo , is an extrasolar planet orbiting the Sun @-@ like star 55 Cancri A every 14 @.@ 65 days . It is the second planet in order of distance from its star , and is an example of a hot Jupiter , or possibly rather " warm Jupiter " . |
55 Cancri b
| In July 2014 the International Astronomical Union launched a process for giving proper names to certain exoplanets and their host stars . The process involved public nomination and voting for the new names . In December 2015 , the IAU announced the winning name was Galileo for this planet . The winning name was submitted by the Royal Netherlands Association for Meteorology and Astronomy of the Netherlands . It honors early @-@ 17th century astronomer and physicist Galileo Galilei . |
55 Cancri b, Discovery
| 55 Cancri b was discovered in 1996 by Geoffrey Marcy and R. Paul Butler . It was the fourth known extrasolar planet , excluding pulsar planets . Like the majority of known extrasolar planets , it was discovered by detecting variations in its star 's radial velocity caused by the planet 's gravity . By making sensitive measurements of the Doppler shift of the spectrum of 55 Cancri A , a 15 @-@ day periodicity was detected . The planet was announced in 1996 , together with the planet of Tau Boötis and the innermost planet of Upsilon Andromedae . |
55 Cancri b, Discovery
| Even when this inner planet , with a mass at least 78 % times that of Jupiter was accounted for , the star still showed a drift in its radial velocity . This eventually led to the discovery of the outer planet 55 Cancri d in 2002 . |
55 Cancri b, Orbit and mass
| 55 Cancri b is in a short @-@ period orbit , though not so extreme as that of the previously detected hot Jupiter 51 Pegasi b . The orbital period indicates that the planet is located close to a 1 : 3 mean motion resonance with 55 Cancri c , however investigations of the planetary parameters in a Newtonian simulation indicate that while the orbital periods are close to this ratio , the planets are not actually in the resonance . |
55 Cancri b, Orbit and mass
| In 2012 , b 's upper atmosphere was observed transiting the star ; so its inclination is about 85 degrees , coplanar with 55 Cancri e . This helped to constrain the mass of the planet but the inclination was too low to constrain its radius . |
55 Cancri b, Orbit and mass
| The mass is about .85 that of Jupiter . |
55 Cancri b, Characteristics
| 55 Cancri b is a gas giant with no solid surface . The atmospheric transit has demonstrated hydrogen in the upper atmosphere . |
55 Cancri b, Characteristics
| That transit is so tangential , that properties such as its radius , density , and temperature are unknown . Assuming a composition similar to that of Jupiter and that its environment is close to chemical equilibrium , 55 Cancri b 's upper atmosphere is predicted to be cloudless with a spectrum dominated by alkali metal absorption . |
55 Cancri b, Characteristics
| The atmosphere 's transit indicates that it is slowly evaporating under the sun 's heat . The evaporation is slower than that for previously studied ( hotter ) hot Jupiters . |
55 Cancri b, Characteristics
| The planet is unlikely to have large moons , since tidal forces would either eject them from orbit or destroy them on short timescales relative to the age of the system . |
Ridge Racer ( video game )
| Ridge Racer ( リッジレーサー , Rijji Rēsā ) is a 1993 racing video game developed and published by Namco . It was initially released on the Namco System 22 arcade system board , and later ported to the PlayStation console in 1994 . It is the first title in the Ridge Racer series released for arcades and home consoles . The objective is to finish in first place in a series of races . Ridge Racer was among the first racing games to use polygon graphics to its full potential . The PlayStation version supports Namco 's NeGcon controller . |
Ridge Racer ( video game )
| The first home version of Ridge Racer was released in Japan in 1994 as a launch title for the PlayStation ; the versions for North America and Europe were released in 1995 . It was re @-@ released in Japan for the PlayStation The Best range in July 1997 , and for the Greatest Hits and Platinum ranges in North America and PAL regions respectively the same year . The game played a major role in establishing the new system and giving it an early edge over its nearest competitor , the Sega Saturn , and was considered a rival to Sega 's Daytona USA . |
Ridge Racer ( video game )
| Ridge Racer received a highly positive reception . Reviewers praised the graphics , audio , drifting mechanics , and arcade @-@ like gameplay , although some were critical of the lack of strong artificial intelligence and multiplayer mode . The arcade version was followed by a sequel , Ridge Racer 2 , in 1994 , whereas the PlayStation sequel , Ridge Racer Revolution , was released in December 1995 in Japan , and in 1996 in North America and PAL regions . The soundtrack was remixed and released on the Namco Game Sound Express Vol . 11 album . |
Ridge Racer ( video game ), Gameplay
| In the PlayStation version , a mini @-@ game of Galaxian can be played as the game loads . If won , eight additional cars become available . The cars are varied in their specifications ; some feature a high top speed , others excelling at acceleration or turning , and others being more balanced . Certain cars are named after other Namco games such as Solvalou , Mappy , Bosconian , Nebulasray , and Xevious . Once the game has loaded , all the CD is needed for is to play six music tracks . The disc can be replaced at any time during gameplay , although the game does not update ; regardless of what disc is inserted , there will always be six tracks , corresponding the starting points of the tracks on the game disc . |
Ridge Racer ( video game ), Gameplay
| A course , transmission ( automatic or six @-@ speed manual ) , car , and song are chosen . The racetrack can be observed from the first @-@ person perspective ( or from the third @-@ person perspective for the PlayStation version ) . Namco 's NeGcon controller can be used to play . Being an arcade racer , collisions do no damage , and merely slow the player down . There is a time limit , which ends the game if counted down to zero . |
Ridge Racer ( video game ), Gameplay
| A single course is featured , although it consists of four configurations of increasing difficulty ; Novice , Intermediate , Advanced and Time Trial ( the latter two are extended ) . The player races eleven opponents except in Time Trial , where there is only one . The higher the difficulty , the faster the cars run , with Time Trial being the fastest . Each race consists of three laps ( two on the beginner course ) . Checkpoints that grant additional time when passed through are present throughout . In the PlayStation version , after every race is won , reversed ones become available , and an additional opponent is encountered in Time Trial ; the 13th Racing " Devil " , the fastest car . On winning , the car is unlocked . In the arcade version , the winning player 's score is saved in action @-@ replay highlights after finishing the game . |
Ridge Racer ( video game ), Gameplay
| The PlayStation version features hidden " mirror " version of the tracks . It becomes a " mirror image " of itself ; left turns become right turns and vice @-@ versa , and the surroundings switch sides of the road . |
Ridge Racer ( video game ), Development and release
| At JAMMA 's 1992 Amusement Machine Show in Japan , held during 27 – 19 August 1992 , Namco debuted a racing game called Sim Drive , for the Namco System 22 arcade system board . It was a sequel to Eunos Roadster Driving Simulator , a Mazda MX @-@ 5 driving simulation arcade game that Namco developed with Mazda and released in 1990 . Its 3D polygon graphics stood out for its use of Gouraud shading and texture mapping . After a location test at the show , where it was previewed by the November 1992 issue of Electronic Gaming Monthly , Sim Drive had a limited Japanese release in December 1992 , but did not get a mass @-@ market release . It served as a prototype for Ridge Racer . |
Ridge Racer ( video game ), Development and release
| Ridge Racer had a development cycle of eight months . The development team was under pressure to complete it before their rivals , and designer Fumihiro Tanaka commented that " the other company " was in the same position . Ridge Racer was originally planned to be an F1 racing game , but the concept was replaced with one based on a trend among Japanese car enthusiasts at the time . Namco Bandai 's general manager Yozo Sakagami explained that they liked racing on mountain roads and did not want to slow down around corners , so drifted around them instead . The team therefore decided to create a game which lets the player test his driving skills and experience the car 's manipulation at high speeds while mastering drifting . |
Ridge Racer ( video game ), Development and release
| Development for the PlayStation version began in April 1994 . Because of the radical differences , that version essentially had to be done from scratch , and took nearly as long to develop , being completed in November 1994 . The PlayStation port was developed by the same team . Due to technical limitations , the PlayStation port was difficult to program and runs at a lower resolution , lower framerate ( 30 frames per second for NTSC , 25 for PAL ) , and was less detailed . Specialised graphics libraries had to be developed because it was felt the standard ones provided by Sony were too limited . Visual director Yozo Sakagami remarked that the hardest element to port was the experience of driving a car . It was felt that the NeGcon controller would provide a more analogue feel than the standard PlayStation controller . Sakagami was concerned about loading times due to the CD @-@ ROM format ; the team countered this by having all the data loaded into memory by the time the title screen appeared , and having the player play a mini @-@ game of Galaxian while waiting . Sakagami chose Galaxian because he was part of its arcade team , and wanted to honour his former boss . Due to CDs being cheaper to produce , the retail price was cheaper than cartridge games despite an increase in development costs . Ridge Racer sold for under ¥ 6000 ( £ 37 ) in Japan . |
Ridge Racer ( video game ), Development and release
| During release for arcade system board , Ridge Racer was called by Namco " the most realistic driving game ever " . It featured three @-@ dimensional polygon graphics with texture mapping . The PlayStation version was shown at the 1995 Electronic Entertainment Expo event , and was an innovation in the use of three @-@ dimensional polygons . Ridge Racer was released in Japan on 3 December 1994 , in North America on 9 September 1995 , and in Europe on 29 September as a launch title for the PlayStation . |
Ridge Racer ( video game ), Development and release, Music
| The soundtrack was produced alongside the game by Shinji Hosoe , with contributions from Nobuyoshi Sano and Ayako Saso , as the development team didn 't have enough time to produce them separately . The team did not initially plan to have music , but ended up producing techno , which Tanaka believed helped players to enjoy a fun feeling while playing . Hiroshi Okubo believed techno would give a feeling of energy , journey , and speed , and commented that the genre was chosen because it embodied the game 's " unrealistic speed and tension " . This was commemorated by the release of Namco Game Sound Express Vol . 11 , which featured remixed versions , on 21 January 1994 in Japan . |
Ridge Racer ( video game ), Reception
| Ridge Racer received critical acclaim . The graphics and sound in particular were praised . In the April 1994 issue of the UK magazine Computer and Video Games , Paul Rand gave high marks , remarking that it was " far and away the most realistic arcade game ever seen " on reviewing the arcade machine ( based on the full @-@ scale unit ) . In a review of its Japanese console release , GamePro called the PlayStation version " a near carbon copy of the original " and praised the graphics , soundtrack , and the entire game being loaded into the PlayStation 's RAM , eliminating mid @-@ game loading and giving the option of removing the game disc and using the PlayStation as a music CD player during gameplay . Although they criticised the graphical glitches and slowdown , the game was recommended . Next Generation applauded the conversion 's faithful recreation of the arcade version , smooth graphics , and additional cars . Although they noted the lack of variety in the different cars ' performance and the absence of a multiplayer mode as downsides , they found the game overall remarkable and commented that the fact that Ridge Racer was an early game for the PlayStation , and a rushed project at that , made it " an excellent harbinger of what 's to come " . GamePro 's review of the later North American release judged that the game surpassed competitor Daytona USA in graphics , audio , and control responsiveness , and called it " The best racing game to date for home systems " . Commenting on the realism , Game Informer remarked that Ridge Racer " does a better job of capturing the feel of high performance car racing than any existing driving game " . |
Ridge Racer ( video game ), Reception
| The two sports reviewers of Electronic Gaming Monthly praised the gameplay and music . Maximum commented that " Ridge Racer isn 't without its bad points - basically , there is only one track and the game lacks the awesome crash sequences of Daytona USA , but everything else in the title is sheer class " . They commented positively on the " feeling of smoothness and speed " , the " distinctly European " dance music , the engine sounds , and the unrealistically exaggerated driving manoeuvres . In 1996 , IGN commented that despite two years of release the game " has definitely stood the test of time " , but complained that " there is no two @-@ player mode " and that " the cars don 't really vary in performance that much " . AllGame 's Shawn Sackenheim praised the game , particularly the graphics and audio , and concluded that it " is a fun title that racing fans will love " . Coming Soon Magazine praised its " ultra fluid and very realistic " graphics , but criticised the game for being too short . The Electric Playground 's Victor Lucas gave top marks , remarking " The experience of playing RR supersedes the thrills generally attributed to playing other racing video games " , and further commented " I really can 't stress enough how deserving of your video game dollars Ridge Racer is " . Edge praised the " dazzling " graphics and " arcade @-@ perfect " music . |
Ridge Racer ( video game ), Reception
| Despite positive reviews , the game was criticised by 1UP.com for the arcade style of gameplay . The lack of artificial intelligence has received criticism — the movement of the computer @-@ controlled cars is restricted to predetermined waypoints . The game was reviewed in 1995 in Dragon No. 221 by Jay & Dee in the " Eye of the Monitor " column , where Dee called it " just another racing game " . |
Ridge Racer ( video game ), Reception
| Ridge Racer was awarded Best Driving Game of 1995 by Electronic Gaming Monthly . It was listed as one of the best games of all time by Game Informer in 2001 , Yahoo in 2005 , Electronic Gaming Monthly in 2006 , Guinness World Records in 2008 and 2009 , NowGamer in 2010 , and FHM in 2012 . |
Ridge Racer ( video game ), Reception, Legacy
| Ridge Racer has been followed by many sequels and helped establish the position of the PlayStation console . IGN stated that Ridge Racer had been " one of PlayStation 's first big system pushers " and " an excellent port of the arcade version that showed the true potential of Sony 's 32 @-@ bit wonder " . UGO Networks 's Michael Hess and Chris Plante said that it had " set the stage for Gran Turismo by adding an option to choose between automatic and manual transmission " . John Davison of 1UP.com said that Ridge Racer was an " unbelievable demonstration of what the PlayStation could do " . |
Ridge Racer ( video game ), Reception, Legacy
| Ridge Racer is mentioned in the song My Console ( 1999 ) from the Italian electronic dance group Eiffel 65 . |
Ridge Racer ( video game ), Other releases
| The PlayStation version was re @-@ released for The Best , Greatest Hits , and Platinum ranges in 1997 . Ridge Racer received a number of ports and spin @-@ offs : |
Ridge Racer ( video game ), Other releases, Ridge Racer Full Scale
| A Full Scale arcade version was released alongside the standard arcade version in 1993 . This version was designed to give the player a more realistic driving experience . Players ( a passenger could sit in the car next to the driver ) sat inside an adapted red Eunos Roadster , the Japanese right @-@ hand @-@ drive version of the Mazda MX @-@ 5 Miata , and controlled the same car on @-@ screen . The game was played in front of a 10 feet ( 3 @.@ 0 m ) wide , front @-@ projected triple screen ( which benefited from dimmed ambient lighting ) , with the wheel , gear stick and pedals functioning as the controls . The ignition key was used to start , the speed and RPM gauges were functional , and fans blew wind on the player from inside the air vents . Speakers concealed inside the car provided realistic engine and tyre sounds ; overhead speakers provided surround music . The P.C.B. was located under the bonnet of the car . |
Ridge Racer ( video game ), Other releases, Ridge Racer : 3 Screen Edition
| A version with three screens was released in arcades to give a peripheral vision effect . The machine used multiple System 22 arcade boards to drive the additional monitors and was only available in the sit down version . |
Ridge Racer ( video game ), Other releases, Pocket Racer
| Pocket Racer ( ポケットレーサー , Poketto Rēsā ) is a super deformed version with cars resembling Choro @-@ Q models , and aimed towards children . It was released in 1996 in Japan . It was only available in upright cabinet version , and uses Namco System 11 hardware . A similar game is included in Ridge Racer Revolution using the same cars under the name Pretty Racer ( also known as buggy mode ) , the inspiration for this game . |
Ridge Racer ( video game ), Other releases, Ridge Racer Turbo
| R4 : Ridge Racer Type 4 ( released on 3 December 1998 in Japan , 1 May 1999 in North America , and on 1 September 1999 in Europe ) includes a bonus disc containing a new version of the original Ridge Racer , called Ridge Racer Turbo in North America , Ridge Racer Hi @-@ Spec Demo in Europe , and Ridge Racer Hi Spec Version ( リッジレーサーハイスペックバージョン , Rijji Rēsā Hai Supekku Bājon ) in Japan . It featured improved graphics , runs at 60 frames per second ( 50 for PAL ) , as opposed to the original 30 , and supports vibration feedback and the Jogcon controller . There is only one opponent ( two in time trial boss races ) , and the White Angel from Ridge Racer Revolution appears in addition to the 13th Racing as a boss and unlockable car . A Time Attack mode is added , in which the player attempts to beat the time record without any opponent cars . This is distinct from Time Trial , where there are opponent cars . |
Ridge Racer ( video game ), Other releases, Mobile versions
| On 31 December 2005 , a version for mobile phones was released . It received mixed reviews . GameSpot 's Jeff Gerstmann gave the game 6 @.@ 1 / 10 . He praised graphics as " somewhat impressive for a mobile game " , but criticised the steering , saying that " it doesn 't take long to master the game . " Levi Buchanan of IGN gave Ridge Racer 6 @.@ 2 / 10 , complaining about the problematic controls and saying that the game without the analogue control " feels really lacking " . In 2005 , a version of Ridge Racer was released for mobile phones under the name Ridge Racer 3D ( not to be confused with the later Ridge Racer 3D for the Nintendo 3DS ) . On 11 August 2009 , this version was ported to Zeebo . |
Peterborough ( UK Parliament constituency )
| Peterborough is a borough constituency represented in the House of Commons of the Parliament of the United Kingdom , sharing the name of a smaller constituency represented in the Parliament of England until 1707 and then in that of Great Britain until 1800 . It elects one Member of Parliament by the first past the post system of election . |
Peterborough ( UK Parliament constituency )
| The serving Member is Conservative Stewart Jackson . He defeated Labour 's Helen Clark in 2005 , and was re @-@ elected in 2010 with an increased majority . In 2015 , he held the seat with a reduced majority . |
Peterborough ( UK Parliament constituency ), Boundaries
| 1918 @-@ 1950 : The administrative county of the Soke of Peterborough , the Urban District of Oundle , the Rural Districts of Easton @-@ on @-@ the @-@ Hill and Gretton , and parts of the Rural Districts of Oundle and Thrapston . |
Peterborough ( UK Parliament constituency ), Boundaries
| 1950 @-@ 1974 : The Municipal Borough of Peterborough , the Urban District of Oundle , the Rural Districts of Barnack and Peterborough , and part of the Rural District of Oundle and Thrapston . |
Peterborough ( UK Parliament constituency ), Boundaries
| 1974 @-@ 1983 : The Municipal Borough of Peterborough , and the Rural Districts of Barnack , Peterborough , and Thorney . |
Peterborough ( UK Parliament constituency ), Boundaries
| 1983 @-@ 1997 : The City of Peterborough wards of Bretton , Central , Dogsthorpe , East , Fletton , North , Orton Longueville , Orton Waterville , Park , Paston , Ravensthorpe , Stanground , Walton , and West . |
Peterborough ( UK Parliament constituency ), Boundaries
| 1997 @-@ 2010 : The City of Peterborough wards of Bretton , Central , Dogsthorpe , East , North , Park , Paston , Ravensthorpe , Walton , Werrington , and West . |
Peterborough ( UK Parliament constituency ), Boundaries
| 2010 @-@ present : The City of Peterborough wards of Bretton North , Bretton South , Central , Dogsthorpe , East , Eye and Thorney , Newborough , North , Park , Paston , Ravensthorpe , Walton , Werrington North , Werrington South , and West . |
Peterborough ( UK Parliament constituency ), Boundaries
| The City of Peterborough formed a parliamentary borough returning two Members in 1541 . The rest of the Soke of Peterborough was part of the Northamptonshire parliamentary county , except the area south of the River Nene in the historic county of Huntingdonshire and Thorney , which was considered part of Cambridgeshire . Until 1832 when the whole of the parish of Saint John the Baptist was encompassed , the boundary , as far as is known , excluded the villages of Longthorpe , Dogsthorpe and Newark with Eastfield . The Great Reform Act did not affect the borough , while the rural portion of the Soke was included in the northern division of Northamptonshire . New Fletton was transferred from Huntingdonshire in 1868 and in 1918 the parliamentary borough was abolished and replaced with a new division of the parliamentary county of Northampton with the Soke of Peterborough , including the whole of the Soke and neighbouring parts of the administrative county of Northamptonshire , extending down to and beyond Thrapston and Corby . This became a county constituency under the 1948 revisions , when the boundaries of the constituency were adjusted to correspond to those of the Soke and they remained much the same until 1970 . Peterborough became a county constituency in 1974 . |
Peterborough ( UK Parliament constituency ), Boundaries
| Following their review of parliamentary representation in Cambridgeshire in 2005 , the Boundary Commission for England made minor alterations to the existing constituencies to deal with population changes . The electoral wards used to create the modified Peterborough constituency fought at the 2010 general election are : Bretton North , Bretton South , Central , Dogsthorpe , East , Eye and Thorney , Newborough , North , Park , Paston , Ravensthorpe , Walton , Werrington North , Werrington South , and West . These changes increased the electorate from 64 @,@ 893 to 70 @,@ 640 . On the enumeration date of 17 February 2000 , the electoral quota for England was 69 @,@ 934 voters per constituency . |
Peterborough ( UK Parliament constituency ), Boundaries
| The Peterborough wards of Barnack , Fletton , Glinton and Wittering , Northborough , Orton Longueville , Orton Waterville , Orton with Hampton , Stanground Central , and Stanground East form part of the North West Cambridgeshire constituency created in 1997 from parts of Peterborough and Huntingdon constituencies . The serving member for North West Cambridgeshire is the Conservative , Shailesh Vara MP , who succeeded Sir Brian Mawhinney , former Secretary of State for Transport and Chairman of the Conservative Party , in 2005 . Mawhinney , who had previously served as Member of Parliament for Peterborough from 1979 , was created Baron Mawhinney , of Peterborough in the county of Cambridgeshire in 2005 . Eye and Thorney was previously included in the North East Cambridgeshire ( prior to 1983 Isle of Ely ) constituency . |
Peterborough ( UK Parliament constituency ), Franchise
| In the unreformed House of Commons to be either a candidate or an elector for a county seat , a man had to own ( not rent ) freehold property valued for the land tax at two pounds a year ( women could neither vote nor stand for election ) . This was known as the 40 / - freehold . The franchise for borough seats varied enormously . Originally in Peterborough the dean and chapter had claimed the franchise and held that only residents of Minster Precincts were burgesses . By the interregnum , the city was one of 37 boroughs in which suffrage was restricted to those paying scot and lot , a form of municipal taxation . In 1800 there were 2 @,@ 000 registered voters in Northamptonshire and 400 in Peterborough . By 1835 this was 576 , or about one per cent of the population . Bribery was general until the introduction of the secret ballot under the Ballot Act 1872 . Votes were cast by spoken declaration , in public , at the hustings , erected on the Market Place ( now Cathedral Square ) . |
Peterborough ( UK Parliament constituency ), Franchise
| In 1832 the Great Reform Act enfranchised those who owned or leased land worth £ 10 or more and the Second Reform Act extended this to all householders paying £ 10 or more in rent per annum , effectively enfranchising the skilled working class , so by 1868 the percentage of voters in Peterborough had risen to about 20 % of the population . The Third Reform Act extended the provisions of the previous act to the counties and the Fourth Reform Act widened suffrage further by abolishing practically all property qualifications for men and by enfranchising women over 30 who met minimum property qualifications . This system , known as universal manhood suffrage , was first used in the 1918 general election . However , full electoral equality wouldn 't occur until the Fifth Reform Act ten years later . |
Peterborough ( UK Parliament constituency ), Franchise
| According to the 2001 census , the population count of Peterborough constituency is 95 @,@ 103 persons , comprising 46 @,@ 131 males and 48 @,@ 972 females . 67 @.@ 56 % of those aged 16 – 74 are economically active , including 5 @.@ 92 % umemployed ; a further 12 @.@ 26 % are retired and 3 @.@ 08 % students . Of a total 39 @,@ 760 households , 63 @.@ 80 % are owner occupied , fewer than the regional ( 72 @.@ 71 % ) and national ( 68 @.@ 72 % ) averages . Turnout at the 2005 general election was 41 @,@ 194 or 61 @.@ 0 % of those eligible to vote , below the regional ( 63 @.@ 6 % ) and national ( 61 @.@ 3 % ) figures . |
Peterborough ( UK Parliament constituency ), Members of Parliament
| Peterborough sent two members to parliament for the first time in 1547 . Before the civil war , many were relatives of the clergy ; then for two hundred years after the restoration there was always a Fitzwilliam , or a Fitzwilliam nominee , sitting as member for Peterborough , making it a Whig stronghold . Representation was reduced to one member under the Redistribution of Seats Act 1885 . From the formal merger of the breakaway Liberal Unionists with the Conservatives in 1912 and the absorption of rural North Northamptonshire in 1918 , Peterborough has been predominantly Conservative . The growth in the New Town from 1967 may in part account for Labour 's victory here in 1974 . Since its formation in 1997 , North West Cambridgeshire has been one of the safest Conservative seats in the country . At the election which followed , Peterborough was ranked 93rd in the Conservatives 's one hundred most vulnerable seats ( the ones which the other parties must take if there is to be a change of government ) and 73rd on Labour 's target list . |
Peterborough ( UK Parliament constituency ), Members of Parliament
| In 1966 , the closest poll in UK history , Sir Harmar Nicholls held the seat by three votes after seven recounts . Nicholls was the Conservative member from 1950 to 1974 , when he lost in the October election of that year to Labour 's Michael Ward , having held on by just 22 votes after four recounts in the election eight months earlier . After he lost his seat he was created Baron Harmar @-@ Nicholls , of Peterborough in the county of Cambridgeshire and served , from 1979 to 1984 , as Member of the European Parliament for Greater Manchester South . David Cecil , 6th Marquess of Exeter , winner of 400m hurdles at the 1928 Summer Olympics , member of the International Olympic Committee for 48 years and chairman of the organising committee of the 1948 Summer Olympics , was the Conservative member from 1931 to 1943 . Lord Burghley , as he then was , succeeded the socialist writer and illustrator , Frank Horrabin , who was born in the city and elected under the leadership of Ramsay MacDonald in 1929 . |
Peterborough ( UK Parliament constituency ), Members of Parliament
| The most recent Labour MP for Peterborough , Helen Clark ( née Brinton ) , won the seat in 1997 . She was defeated at the 2005 general election , following which it was widely reported that Clark was planning to defect to the Conservative Party , an announcement which was not popular locally . However , by early June it emerged that while she had left the Labour Party , she had not in fact joined the Conservatives and did not intend to . |
Peterborough ( UK Parliament constituency ), Members of Parliament
| One of the earliest incumbents , Sir Walter Mildmay , member for Peterborough from 1553 to 1554 , subsequently became Chancellor of the Exchequer from 1559 to 1589 . Later , in the nineteenth century , William Elliot , Whig member from 1802 until his death in 1819 , was Chief Secretary to the Lord Lieutenant of Ireland between 1806 and 1807 ; the Hon. William Lamb ( later the 2nd Viscount Melbourne ) , Whig member from 1816 to 1819 , became Home Secretary in 1830 then Prime Minister from 1834 to 1841 ; and Sir James Scarlett ( later the 1st Baron Abinger ) , Whig member from 1819 to 1830 , was , from 1827 , Attorney General for England and Wales . |
Peterborough ( UK Parliament constituency ), Members of Parliament, Parliamentary Borough 1547 – 1918, MPs 1660 – 1883
| The Tories ( or Abhorrers ) and Whigs ( or Petitioners ) originated in the Court and Country parties that emerged in the aftermath of the civil war , although it is more accurate to describe them as loose tendencies , both of which might be regarded as conservative in modern terms . Modern party politics did not really begin to coalesce in Great Britain until at least 1784 . |
Peterborough ( UK Parliament constituency ), Members of Parliament, Parliamentary Borough 1547 – 1918, MPs 1885 – 1918
| In 1832 the Tory Party evolved into the Conservative Party and in 1859 the Whig Party evolved , with Radicals and Peelites , into the Liberal Party . In opposition to Irish home rule , the Liberal Unionists ceded from the Liberals in 1886 , aligning themselves with the Conservatives . The Labour Party was later founded , as the Labour Representation Committee , in 1900 . |
Peterborough ( UK Parliament constituency ), Members of Parliament, Division and County Constituency
| The parliamentary borough of Peterborough was abolished under the Representation of the People Act 1918 , and the name was transferred to a division of the new parliamentary county of Northampton with the Soke of Peterborough . The Peterborough division became a county constituency in 1950 . |
Peterborough ( UK Parliament constituency ), Members of Parliament, Borough Constituency
| Peterborough was redefined as a borough constituency with effect from the February 1974 general election . Successors of the historic parliamentary boroughs , the spending limits for election campaigns are slightly lower than in county constituencies . |
Peterborough ( UK Parliament constituency ), Election results, Elections in the 1940s
| General Election 1939 / 40 Another general election was required to take place before the end of 1940 . The political parties had been making preparations for an election to take place from 1939 and by the end of this year , the following candidates had been selected : |
Peterborough ( UK Parliament constituency ), Election results, Elections in the 1940s
| Conservative : David George Brownlow Cecil , Lord Burghley |
Peterborough ( UK Parliament constituency ), Election results, Elections in the 1940s
| Labour : Samuel Bennett |
Peterborough ( UK Parliament constituency ), Election results, Elections in the 1910s
| † denotes a candidate endorsed by the Coalition Government |
Bart 's Girlfriend
| " Bart 's Girlfriend " is the seventh television episode of The Simpsons ' sixth season . It originally aired on the Fox network in the United States on November 6 , 1994 . The plot of the episode follows the secret romance of Bart and Jessica Lovejoy , Reverend Lovejoy 's daughter . Bart tries to end the romance when he discovers that , behind her innocent façade as a preacher 's kid , she is an even bigger troublemaker than he is . Jessica then steals the money from the collection plate , leaving Bart to take the blame until Lisa exposes the truth . |
Bart 's Girlfriend
| The episode was written by Jonathan Collier , and directed by Susie Dietter . Former The Simpsons ' show runner David Mirkin originally came up with the idea of Bart having a girlfriend that was more evil than he was . Meryl Streep guest stars in the episode as Jessica Lovejoy . It features cultural references to films such as Planet of the Apes and The Silence of the Lambs . Since airing , the episode has received acclaim from both critics and fans , and Entertainment Weekly named Meryl Streep 's role as one of the best guest appearances on The Simpsons . |
Bart 's Girlfriend, Plot
| Bart falls in love with Reverend Lovejoy 's daughter , Jessica . However , when he approaches her , she ignores him . The next Sunday , Bart decides to attend Sunday school to try to convince Jessica that he is a good person , but she still ignores him . Frustrated , Bart goes to the park to play a prank on Groundskeeper Willie , and is punished with detention . Jessica approaches him to express sympathy and invites him to her house for dinner with her family . |
Bart 's Girlfriend, Plot
| During a formal dinner with the Lovejoys , Bart 's crude mannerisms and foul language cause Reverend Lovejoy to forbid him from ever seeing Jessica again . However , Jessica realizes that Bart is a bad boy and tells Bart that she likes him . They begin secretly dating and causing mischief through the town . Bart quickly realizes that Jessica ( an example of the preacher 's kid stereotype ) is even more badly behaved than he is , so at the next Sunday service he tries to make her see the error of her ways . Although she seems to agree , Jessica immediately steals from the collection plate before forcing it back upon the hapless Bart. The congregation mistakenly believes that Bart took the money when they see him with the empty plate . Bart attempts to explain , but they refuse to listen . Although Homer assumes Bart is guilty , Marge is willing to hear him out , but Bart claims he does not know who did it . The following day , Bart visits Jessica at her house , and admits that he does not like her after Jessica refuses to own up to the crime . |
Bart 's Girlfriend, Plot
| Upon finding out the truth , Lisa is determined not to allow her brother to take blame for something he did not do , and she tells their congregation that Jessica is the guilty party . The townspeople then search Jessica 's room , where the money is found under her bed . Rev. Lovejoy refuses to believe that his daughter is guilty until Jessica admits to him she did it to gain attention . She is punished by being forced to scrub the church steps , and Bart receives an apology from the congregation at Marge 's insistence . Later , Bart approaches Jessica at church and tells her what he has learned , to which Jessica responds that she has learned that she can make boys do whatever she wants . Bart then agrees to finish Jessica 's chores as she runs off with another boyfriend . However , as soon as she leaves , he snickers about how bad a job he is going to do on the steps to get back at her . |
Bart 's Girlfriend, Production
| " Bart 's Girlfriend " was written by Jonathan Collier and directed by Susie Dietter . David Mirkin , who was show runner at the time , originally had the idea of Bart having a girlfriend that was more evil than he was . Mirkin gave the idea to Collier to write it with the help of the show 's executive producer , James L. Brooks . Collier said later that he thought it was a case of Brooks coming up with good ideas and him " giggling insequentially " . The idea for the ending of the episode was to have none of the characters learn anything from the experience . |
Bart 's Girlfriend, Production
| Matt Groening , the creator of The Simpsons , felt that Jessica Lovejoy was hard to draw in his own style but at the same time make her attractive . Julie Kavner , who provides the voice of Marge Simpson on the show , was particularly impressed by the eyes . Jessica was made the Reverend 's daughter to give the impression that she was good at first and then to show that she was rebelling against the righteousness of her family . In the scene where Bart talks to Jessica outside her house , her baton playing was in the script but the exact choreography was not . Dietter liked its incorporation because it gave Jessica something else , other than Bart , to pay attention to . This was also done in the final scene when Jessica scrubs the church steps and plays with the scrub brush . |
Bart 's Girlfriend, Production
| Academy Award winning actress Meryl Streep was called in to do the voice of Jessica . Nancy Cartwright , who provides the voice of Bart Simpson on the show , was a huge fan of Streep and she assumed that Streep would record her lines individually , but all of their recordings were done together . Streep showed up alone with no entourage at the Village Recorder in West Los Angeles at 2 : 30 P.M. , where she recorded her parts with Cartwright . Streep was continually doing many different versions of her lines . Mirkin felt she was easy to work with because she was versatile and keen to do a lot of different things , and as Mirkin expressed it , " easily evil " . Cartwright said in an interview with The Pantagraph that she really wanted Streep 's autograph , but was afraid to ask for it . After the recording session , Streep tapped Cartwright on the shoulder , and said her kids were big The Simpsons fans and that she would be in " big trouble " if she did not get Cartwright 's autograph . |
Bart 's Girlfriend, Production
| In a take off of John Travolta in the 1983 film Staying Alive , Bart struts down a street in Springfield after he is invited to dinner at the Lovejoys , just as Travolta strutted through Times Square to the same tune , in a joke written by Jace Richdale , who was the co @-@ executive producer of The Simpsons at the time . When Homer is musing over Bart 's first date , he begins to sing " Sunrise , Sunset " from Fiddler on the Roof , before moving on to " Cat 's in the Cradle " , and then " Yes , We Have No Bananas " . He then begins to weep due to the people in the song having no bananas . The joke was reportedly very expensive for the writers to put in because they had to pay thousands of dollars for the rights to use the songs on the show . |
Bart 's Girlfriend, Production
| " Bart 's Girlfriend " originally aired on the Fox network in the United States on November 6 , 1994 . The episode was selected for release in a 2001 video collection of selected episodes titled : The Simpsons – Love , Springfield Style . Other episodes included in the collection set were " It 's a Mad , Mad , Mad , Mad Marge " , " The Two Mrs. Nahasapeemapetilons " , and " I 'm with Cupid " . The episode was included in The Simpsons season 6 DVD set , which was released on August 16 , 2005 , as The Simpsons – The Complete Sixth Season . |
Bart 's Girlfriend, Cultural references
| In the beginning of the episode , the parents chase the children in a cornfield to eventually round them up for church , which parodies a similar scene from the 1968 film Planet of the Apes , where the humans are rounded up by apes . After Bart is accused of stealing from the church collection plate , he is forced to wear a straitjacket in church , which is a reference to Hannibal Lecter 's straight @-@ jacket in The Silence of the Lambs . " Misirlou " , the theme song of the 1994 film Pulp Fiction , plays during Bart and Jessica 's date . Bart calls Jessica " smart , beautiful and a liar ... " and then claims she is " ... so much better than that Sarah , plain and tall " . The scene then cuts to a shot of a plain and tall girl named Sarah that overhears Bart and begins to cry . The Lovejoy family has a replica of Leonardo da Vinci 's painting The Last Supper hanging on the wall in their dining room . The sign on the Springfield Church marquee reads : " Evil Women in History : From Jezebel to Janet Reno " . |
Bart 's Girlfriend, Reception
| In its original American broadcast , " Bart 's Girlfriend " finished 53rd in the ratings for the week of October 31 to November 6 , 1994 , with a Nielsen rating of 9 @.@ 6 . The episode was the third highest rated show on the Fox network that week , beaten only by Beverly Hills , 90210 , and Married ... with Children . |
Bart 's Girlfriend, Reception
| Since airing , the episode has received many positive reviews from fans and television critics . Warren Martyn and Adrian Wood , the authors of the book I Can 't Believe It 's a Bigger and Better Updated Unofficial Simpsons Guide , said : " Poor Bart gets picked on very cruelly by Jessica in a cleverly drawn study of pre @-@ pubescent love . We 're very fond of the scene in which Bart leaps out of the window at the church , after which Homer cries : He 's heading for the window ! " Colin Jacobson at DVD Movie Guide said in a review of the sixth season DVD : " We don ’ t often see Bart in a sympathetic light , so shows like this one are fun . " Girlfriend " reminds me of Season Four ’ s " New Kid on the Block " since it also featured Bart in love , though the programs differ since here the girl reciprocates . Streep does nicely as the bad kid and we get many fine moments in this memorable program . " TV Squad 's Adam Finley said : " Homer and Marge remained in the background for most of this episode , with Bart and Lisa becoming the main focus . Earlier episodes seemed to focus more on the dynamics between the two siblings , and it 's always a nice change of pace when the show examines their love for one another as opposed to constant rivalries . Lisa really wants to help Bart in this episode , and it 's actually quite touching . " |
Bart 's Girlfriend, Reception
| In a 2008 article , Entertainment Weekly named Meryl Streep 's role as Jessica Lovejoy as one of the sixteen best guest appearances on The Simpsons . Total Film 's Nathan Ditum ranked Streep 's performance as the fifth best guest appearance in the show 's history , commenting that she is " the perfect mix of beguiling and devilish as Reverend Lovejoy ’ s rebellious daughter . " David Mirkin told the Daily News of Los Angeles that " Bart 's Girlfriend " and " Homer the Great " are his favorite episodes of the season . Mirkin liked the scene where Bart is punched by Nelson at the playground because Bart takes a while to recover , which made the scene more realistic . Nancy Cartwright told the Chicago Tribune that this episode , and " Lisa 's Substitute " from season two , are her two favorite The Simpsons episodes . |
Delhi Metro
| The Delhi Metro is a metro system serving Delhi and its satellite cities of Faridabad , Gurgaon , Noida and Ghaziabad in National Capital Region in India . Delhi Metro is the world 's 12th largest metro system in terms of both length and number of stations . , the network consists of five colour @-@ coded regular lines and the faster Airport Express line , with a total length of 213 kilometres ( 132 mi ) serving 160 stations ( including 6 on Airport Express line ) . The system has a mix of underground , at @-@ grade , and elevated stations using both broad @-@ gauge and standard @-@ gauge . The metro has an average daily ridership of 2 @.@ 4 million passengers , and , as of August 2010 , had already carried over 1 @.@ 25 billion passengers since its inception.DMRC named second best metro in world |