topic_name
stringclasses 50
values | topic_id
stringclasses 50
values | title
stringlengths 14
348
| abstract
stringlengths 0
8.16k
| doc_id
stringlengths 8
8
|
|---|---|---|---|---|
Vitamin D and COVID-19 | 42 | Optimisation of Vitamin D Status for Enhanced Immuno-protection Against Covid-19. | 9mh3ix4m |
|
Vitamin D and COVID-19 | 42 | Vitamin D and Covid-19: A Note of Caution. | 4tvj9ugd |
|
Vitamin D and COVID-19 | 42 | COVID-19 and vitamin D deficiency, a fatal combination? | 2mpajrhf |
|
Vitamin D and COVID-19 | 42 | Covid-19, Cocooning and Vitamin D Intake Requirements. | 78tqcf66 |
|
Vitamin D and COVID-19 | 42 | Commentary: Myths and facts on vitamin D amidst the COVID-19 pandemic | 6c08q80z |
|
Vitamin D and COVID-19 | 42 | Letter: low population mortality from COVID-19 in countries south of latitude 35 degrees North supports vitamin D as a factor determining severity | 0pfi3huo |
|
Vitamin D and COVID-19 | 42 | COVID-19 and vitamin D-Is there a link and an opportunity for intervention? | 0ngg5pef |
|
Vitamin D and COVID-19 | 42 | Adjustments in analyses of vitamin D status, allowing for vitamin D determinants, for Covid-19 risks | ayuk1ubq |
|
Vitamin D and COVID-19 | 42 | Vitamin d deficiency and ards after sars-cov-2 infection | i4hb58r2 |
|
Vitamin D and COVID-19 | 42 | What is the role of supplementation with ascorbic acid, zinc, vitamin D, or N-acetylcysteine for prevention or treatment of COVID-19? | Several agents intended to supplement dietary intake or endogenous molecules may have a theoretical role in preventing or treating COVID-19. Because of their potential to influence immune response, ascorbic acid (vitamin C), zinc, vitamin D, and N-acetylcysteine have been hypothesized to be useful for prevention or treatment of COVID-19. The authors outline the biologic plausibility, applicable clinical data, and potential role of each of these agents. | ezpj225f |
Vitamin D and COVID-19 | 42 | Letter: Covid-19, and vitamin D | 780skv92 |
|
Vitamin D and COVID-19 | 42 | Vitamin D and inflammation: Potential implications for severity of Covid-19 | Background Recent research has indicated that vitamin D may have immune supporting properties through modulation of both the adaptive and innate immune system through cytokines and regulation of cell signalling pathways We hypothesize that vitamin D status may influence the severity of responses to Covid-19 and that the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in Europe will be closely aligned to Covid-19 mortality Methods We conducted a literature search on PubMed (no language restriction) of vitamin D status (for older adults) in countries/areas of Europe affected by Covid-19 infection Countries were selected by severity of infection (high and low) and were limited to national surveys or where not available, to geographic areas within the country affected by infection Covid-19 infection and mortality data was gathered from the World Health Organisation Results Counter-intuitively, lower latitude and typically ‘sunny’ countries such as Spain and Italy (particularly Northern Italy), had low mean concentrations of 25(OH)D and high rates of vitamin D deficiency These countries have also been experiencing the highest infection and death rates in Europe The northern latitude countries (Norway, Finland, Sweden) which receive less UVB sunlight than Southern Europe, actually had much higher mean 25(OH)D concentrations, low levels of deficiency and for Norway and Finland, lower infection and death rates The correlation between 25(OH)D concentration and mortality rate reached conventional significance (P=0 046) by Spearman's Rank Correlation Conclusions Optimising vitamin D status to recommendations by national and international public health agencies will certainly have benefits for bone health and potential benefits for Covid-19 There is a strong plausible biological hypothesis and evolving epidemiological data supporting a role for vitamin D in Covid-19 | lo6u1buy |
Vitamin D and COVID-19 | 42 | 'Scientific Strabismus' or two related pandemics: coronavirus disease and vitamin D deficiency | The WHO has announced the novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) outbreak to be a global pandemic. The distribution of community outbreaks shows seasonal patterns along certain latitude, temperature and humidity, that is, similar to the behaviour of seasonal viral respiratory tract infections. COVID-19 displays significant spread in northern mid-latitude countries with an average temperature of 511°C and low humidity. Vitamin D deficiency has also been described as pandemic, especially in Europe. Regardless of age, ethnicity and latitude, recent data showed that 40 % of Europeans are vitamin D deficient (25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) levels <50 nmol/l), and 13 % are severely deficient (25(OH)D < 30 nmol/l). A quadratic relationship was found between the prevalences of vitamin D deficiency in most commonly affected countries by COVID-19 and the latitudes. Vitamin D deficiency is more common in the subtropical and mid-latitude countries than the tropical and high-latitude countries. The most commonly affected countries with severe vitamin D deficiency are from the subtropical (Saudi Arabia 46 %; Qatar 46 %; Iran 33·4 %; Chile 26·4 %) and mid-latitude (France 27·3 %; Portugal 21·2 %; Austria 19·3 %) regions. Severe vitamin D deficiency was found to be nearly 0 % in some high-latitude countries (e.g. Norway, Finland, Sweden, Denmark and Netherlands). Accordingly, we would like to call attention to the possible association between severe vitamin D deficiency and mortality pertaining to COVID-19. Given its rare side effects and relatively wide safety, prophylactic vitamin D supplementation and/or food fortification might reasonably serve as a very convenient adjuvant therapy for these two worldwide public health problems alike. | lj4mq31p |
Vitamin D and COVID-19 | 42 | La vitamina D è efficace contro la CoViD-19? | g228oxz2 |
|
Vitamin D and COVID-19 | 42 | COVID-19 transmission risk factors | We analyze risk factors correlated with the initial transmission growth rate of the COVID-19 pandemic. The number of cases follows an early exponential expansion; we chose as a starting point in each country the first day with 30 cases and used 12 days. We looked for linear correlations of the exponents with other variables, using 126 countries. We find a positive correlation with high C.L. with the following variables, with respective $p$-value: low Temperature ($4\cdot10^{-7}$), high ratio of old vs.~working-age people ($3\cdot10^{-6}$), life expectancy ($8\cdot10^{-6}$), number of international tourists ($1\cdot10^{-5}$), earlier epidemic starting date ($2\cdot10^{-5}$), high level of contact in greeting habits ($6 \cdot 10^{-5}$), lung cancer ($6 \cdot 10^{-5}$), obesity in males ($1 \cdot 10^{-4}$), urbanization ($2\cdot10^{-4}$), cancer prevalence ($3 \cdot 10^{-4}$), alcohol consumption ($0.0019$), daily smoking prevalence ($0.0036$), UV index ($0.004$, smaller sample, 73 countries), low Vitamin D levels ($p$-value $0.002-0.006$, smaller sample, $\sim 50$ countries). There is highly significant correlation also with blood type: positive correlation with RH- ($2\cdot10^{-5}$) and A+ ($2\cdot10^{-3}$), negative correlation with B+ ($2\cdot10^{-4}$). We also find positive correlation with moderate C.L. ($p$-value of $0.02\sim0.03$) with: CO$_2$ emissions, type-1 diabetes, low vaccination coverage for Tuberculosis (BCG). Several such variables are correlated with each other and so they likely have common interpretations. We also analyzed the possible existence of a bias: countries with low GDP-per capita, typically located in warm regions, might have less intense testing and we discuss correlation with the above variables. | ei059aee |
Vitamin D and COVID-19 | 42 | Nutrients in prevention, treatment, and management of viral infections; special focus on Coronavirus | BACKGROUND: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a pandemic caused by coronavirus with mild to severe respiratory symptoms. This paper aimed to investigate the effect of nutrients on the immune system and their possible roles in the prevention, treatment, and management of COVID-19 in adults. METHODS: This Systematic review was designed based on the guideline of the Preferred Reporting for Systematic Reviews (PRISMA). The articles that focussed on nutrition, immune system, viral infection, and coronaviruses were collected by searching databases for both published papers and accepted manuscripts from 1990 to 2020. Irrelevant papers and articles without English abstract were excluded from the review process. RESULTS: Some nutrients are actively involved in the proper functioning and strengthening of the human immune system against viral infections including dietary protein, omega-3 fatty acids, vitamin A, vitamin D, vitamin E, vitamin B1, vitamin B6, vitamin B12, vitamin C, iron, zinc, and selenium. Few studies were done on the effect of dietary components on prevention of COVID-19, but supplementation with these nutrients may be effective in improving the health status of patients with viral infections. CONCLUSION: Following a balanced diet and supplementation with proper nutrients may play a vital role in prevention, treatment, and management of COVID-19. However, further clinical trials are needed to confirm these findings and presenting the strong recommendations against this pandemic. | jk0ysuy4 |
Vitamin D and COVID-19 | 42 | COVID-19 Fatalities, Latitude, Sunlight, and Vitamin D | BACKGROUND: Since Vitamin D is known to be vital in regulating the immune system, and sunlight UV radiation exposure on the skin produces Vitamin D and UV intensity is highest nearest the equator, a study was done to examine the correlation between the latitude and COVID-19 fatality rates for countries. METHODS: Eighty-eight countries were selected based on their likelihood of providing reliable data. Using death rates/million for each country from the "worldometer" web site, a correlation analysis was done between death rates and a country's latitude. RESULTS: A highly significant, positive correlation was found between lower death rates and a country's proximity to the equator (Pearson râ¯=â¯.40 p<.0001, two-tailed t-test). The R squared of .16 means that 16% of the variation in death rates among nations is accounted for by the latitude of the country. Evidence is presented suggesting a direct correlation between sunlight exposure and reduced mortality. DISCUSSION: This study is the first to document a statistically significant correlation between a country's latitude and its COVID-19 mortality and is consistent with other research regarding latitude, Vitamin D deficiency, and COVID-19 fatalities. Limitations of this study are noted. CONCLUSION: Further research is needed to confirm the correlation between latitude and COVID-19 fatalities, and to determine the optimum amounts of safe sunlight exposure and/or vitamin D oral supplementation to reduce COVID-19 fatalities in populations that are at high risk for vitamin D deficiency. | jy45c2pk |
Vitamin D and COVID-19 | 42 | Vitamin D and Coronavirus | 1wfv63mh |
|
Vitamin D and COVID-19 | 42 | Effects of Micronutrients or Conditional Amino Acids on COVID-19-Related Outcomes: An Evidence Analysis Center Scoping Review | Recent narrative reviews have described the potential efficacy of providing individuals infected with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) with additional micronutrients to reduce disease severity. Although there are compelling reasons why providing additional micronutrients or conditional amino acids may affect COVID-19-related outcomes, evidence is lacking. The objective of this scoping review is to explore and describe the literature examining the effect of providing additional micronutrients or conditional amino acids (glutamine, arginine) in adults with conditions or infections similar to COVID-19 infection on COVID-19-related health outcomes. A literature search of the MEDLINE database and hand search of Cochrane Database of systematic reviews retrieved 1,423 unique studies, and 8 studies were included in this scoping review. Four studies examined a target population with ventilator-related pneumonia and acute respiratory distress syndrome, and the other 4 studies included patients who were at risk for ventilator-associated pneumonia. Interventions included intravenous ascorbic acid, intramuscular cholecalciferol, enteral and intramuscular vitamin E, enteral zinc sulfate, and oral and parenteral glutamine. In 6 of the 8 included studies, baseline status of the nutrient of interest was not reported and, thus, it is uncertain how outcomes may vary in the context of nutrient deficiency or insufficiency compared with sufficiency. In the absence of direct evidence examining efficacy of providing additional micronutrients or conditional amino acids to standard care, registered dietitian nutritionists must rely on clinical expertise and indirect evidence to guide medical nutrition therapy for patients infected with COVID-19. | 998n5g4p |
Vitamin D and COVID-19 | 42 | Viramina D e coronavirus: un nuovo campo di impiego?/ [Vitamin D and coronavirus: a new field of use?] | Given the succession of communications in scientific and popular circuits, tending to take for granted a role for vitamin D in the control of the coronavirus pandemic, the authors conducted an analysis of the literature currently available in order to recognize what is supported by opinions personal and what evidence of effectiveness. At the end of the bibliographic survey there is the current absence of evidence of efficacy in favor of vitamin D in the treatment of coronavirus infection in its various expressions. The diffusion of personal opinions as if they were evidence can be a disturbing factor for adequate assistance and for correct research. | gfyx3nz2 |
Vitamin D and COVID-19 | 42 | Vitamin D deficiency and the COVID-19 pandemic | hqyungju |
|
Vitamin D and COVID-19 | 42 | Vitamin D, Covid-19 and Children | b4w5k7lh |
|
Vitamin D and COVID-19 | 42 | The role of vitamin D in the prevention of coronavirus disease 2019 infection and mortality | WHO declared SARS-CoV-2 a global pandemic. The present aim was to propose an hypothesis that there is a potential association between mean levels of vitamin D in various countries with cases and mortality caused by COVID-19. The mean levels of vitamin D for 20 European countries and morbidity and mortality caused by COVID-19 were acquired. Negative correlations between mean levels of vitamin D (average 56 mmol/L, STDEV 10.61) in each country and the number of COVID-19 cases/1 M (mean 295.95, STDEV 298.7, and mortality/1 M (mean 5.96, STDEV 15.13) were observed. Vitamin D levels are severely low in the aging population especially in Spain, Italy and Switzerland. This is also the most vulnerable group of the population in relation to COVID-19. It should be advisable to perform dedicated studies about vitamin D levels in COVID-19 patients with different degrees of disease severity. | jak0gx9k |
Vitamin D and COVID-19 | 42 | The potential long-term impact of the COVID-19 outbreak on patients with non-communicable diseases in Europe: consequences for healthy ageing | The early stages of the COVID-19 pandemic have focused on containing SARS-CoV-2 infection and identifying treatment strategies. While controlling this communicable disease is of utmost importance, the long-term effect on individuals with non-communicable diseases (NCD) is significant. Although certain NCDs appear to increase the severity of COVID-19 and mortality risk, SARS-CoV-2 infection in survivors with NCDs may also affect the progression of their pre-existing clinical conditions. Infection containment measures will have substantial short- and long-term consequences; social distancing and quarantine restrictions will reduce physical activity and increase other unhealthy lifestyles, thus increasing NCD risk factors and worsening clinical symptoms. Vitamin D levels might decrease and there might be a rise in mental health disorders. Many countries have made changes to routine management of NCD patients, e.g., cancelling non-urgent outpatient visits, which will have important implications for NCD management, diagnosis of new-onset NCDs, medication adherence, and NCD progression. We may have opportunities to learn from this unprecedented crisis on how to leverage healthcare technologies and improve procedures to optimize healthcare service provision. This article discusses how the COVID-19 outbreak and related infection control measures could hit the most frail individuals, worsening the condition of NCD patients, while further jeopardizing the sustainability of the healthcare systems. We suggest ways to define an integrated strategy that could involve both public institutional entities and the private sector to safeguard frail individuals and mitigate the impact of the outbreak. | bcd0y9c1 |
Vitamin D and COVID-19 | 42 | Optimisation of Vitamin D Status for Enhanced Immuno-protection Against Covid-19 | kif5wp1r |
|
Vitamin D and COVID-19 | 42 | Considerations for Obesity, Vitamin D, and Physical Activity Amid the COVID-19 Pandemic | As the biomedical community races to disentangle the unknowns associated with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, the virus responsible for causing coronavirus disease, the link between diminished immune function and individuals with obesity raises important questions about the possibility for greater viral pathogenicity in this population. Increased adiposity may undermine the pulmonary microenvironment wherein viral pathogenesis and immune cell trafficking could contribute to a maladaptive cycle of local inflammation and secondary injury. A further challenge to those with obesity during the current pandemic may involve vitamin D deficiency or insufficiency. In the interest of personal and public health, we caution decision- and policy makers alike not to pin all hope on a proverbial "silver bullet." Until further breakthroughs emerge, we should remember that modifiable lifestyle factors such as diet and physical activity should not be marginalized. Decades of empirical evidence support both as key factors promoting health and wellness. | 5n3ytru1 |
Vitamin D and COVID-19 | 42 | Does vitamin D status impact mortality from SARS-CoV-2 infection? | 9itdow8a |
|
Vitamin D and COVID-19 | 42 | Possible role of vitamin D in Covid-19 infection in pediatric population | PURPOSE: Covid-19 is a pandemic of unprecedented proportion, whose understanding and management is still under way. In the emergency setting new or available therapies to contrast the spread of COVID-19 are urgently needed. Elderly males, especially those affected by previous diseases or with comorbidities, are more prone to develop interstitial pneumonia that can deteriorate evolving to ARDS (acute respiratory distress syndrome) that require hospitalization in Intensive Care Units (ICUs). Even children and young patients are not spared by SARS-CoV 2 infection, yet they seem to develop a milder form of disease. In this setting the immunomodulatory role of Vitamin D, should be further investigated. METHODS: We reviewed the literature about the immunomodulatory role of Vitamin D collecting data from the databases Medline and Embase. RESULTS: Vitamin D proved to interact both with the innate immune system, by activating Toll-like receptors (TLRs) or increasing the levels of cathelicidins and ß-defensins, and adaptive immune system, by reducing immunoglobulin secretion by plasma cells and pro-inflammatory cytokines production, thus modulating T cells function. Promising results have been extensively described as regards the supplementation of vitamin D in respiratory tract infections, autoimmune diseases and even pulmonary fibrosis. CONCLUSIONS: In this review, we suggest that vitamin D supplementation might play a role in the prevention and/or treatment to SARS-CoV-2 infection disease, by modulating the immune response to the virus both in the adult and pediatric population. | 46aln4tk |
violence during pandemic | 43 | COVID-19 and child and youth psychiatry | 9tvy4cxv |
|
violence during pandemic | 43 | COVID-19 pandemic and derogation to human rights | 1dnmq8a8 |
|
violence during pandemic | 43 | Navigating Uncertainty, Employment, and Women’s Safety During COVID‐19: Reflections of Sexual Assault Resistance Educators | COVID‐19 affects women in ways unique to the impacts of structural inequalities related to gender, sexuality, disability, race, and socioeconomic status. In this article, we reflect on our own experiences of the pandemic, as feminist students, workers, and sexual assault resistance educators located in a Canadian post‐secondary setting. Situating ourselves within feminist responses to sexual violence prevention, as facilitators of the EAAA sexual assault resistance education program for university women, we reflect on the impacts of the COVID‐19 pandemic on our work as EAAA facilitators in our Canadian university. We explore the theoretical possibilities that critical disability theory and queer theory present to the EAAA program, and argue that incorporating concepts from these frameworks will complement the goals of the EAAA program and improve inclusivity of queer, trans, and disabled participants. We conclude with a look into the future by anticipating the impacts of COVID‐19 on our future work. | 5g14q9h8 |
violence during pandemic | 43 | Impact of COVID-19 pandemic restrictions on community-dwelling caregivers and persons with dementia. | Restrictions related to the 2019 novel coronavirus (COVID-19) pose unique and significant challenges for community-dwelling caregivers and people with dementia, including disrupted routines, a lack of structure, decreased access to respite care, and new or worsening safety issues related to interpersonal violence and hygiene. In addition to identifying issues confronting caregivers, the authors also describe possible ways to address some of these pressing concerns. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved). | 8kfb9alv |
violence during pandemic | 43 | Intimate partner violence in Greece: a study of 664 consecutive forensic clinical examinations. | BACKGROUND Intimate partner violence (IPV) is a well-known phenomenon, which affects mostly women. While IPV victims may attend emergency departments (EDs) seeking medical care, not all of them will make an allegation against their abusers. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to examine the prevalence and the characteristics of the victims, who had made an allegation about the violent incident and had been examined by a forensic pathologist for judicial purposes, and had attended EDs seeking medical care, before the forensic examination. METHODS We reviewed the archives of clinical examinations that were conducted at the Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology of National and Kapodistrian University of Athens during a 5-year period (2012-16). RESULTS Six hundred sixty-four clinical examinations were conducted at our Department for IPV allegations. According to our findings, women were more likely to seek medical care than men. Victims who have attended EDs were more likely to have sustained injuries located at least on the head or on the lower limbs. CONCLUSION The majority of IPV victims in the broader region of Attica (Greece) were women, usually married, and aged between 30 and 49 years old. Despite the fact that the majority of IPV incidents are not reported to police, every person who is engaged in the process of dealing with IPV victims has to be educated and adequately informed about this phenomenon, its implications and the possible ways to deal with it. Furthermore, victims need to be educated and informed adequately in waiting rooms of EDs. | 8v6dwgxw |
violence during pandemic | 43 | Home is not always a haven: The domestic violence crisis amid the COVID-19 pandemic. | The novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) and the associated disease it causes, COVID-19, have caused unprecedented social disruption. Due to sweeping stay-at-home orders across the United States and internationally, many victims and survivors of domestic violence (DV), now forced to be isolated with their abusers, run the risk of new or escalating violence. Numerous advocates, organizations, and service centers anticipated this: Upticks in domestic violence were reported in many regions soon after stay-at-home directives were announced. In this commentary, we delineate some of the recent events leading up to the reported spike in DV; review literature on previously documented disaster-related DV surges; and discuss some of the unique challenges, dilemmas, and risks victims and survivors face during this pandemic. We conclude with recommendations to allocate resources to DV front-liners and utilize existing DV guidelines for disaster preparedness, response, and recovery. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved). | 54mxjzfc |
violence during pandemic | 43 | Domestic violence in the COVID-19 pandemic: a forensic psychiatric perspective. | j0w0yzbj |
|
violence during pandemic | 43 | The Impact of Green Space on Violent Crime in Urban Environments: An Evidence Synthesis. | Can the presence of green space in urban environments reduce the frequency of violent crime? To ascertain the evidence on this topic, we conducted an in-depth literature review using the PRISMA checklist. The search parameters included US articles written in English and published since 2000. More than 30,000 potential paper titles were identified and ultimately, 45 papers were selected for inclusion. Green spaces typically comprised tree cover, parks and ground cover. Criminal behaviors typically included murder, assault, and theft. The majority of the research reviewed involved quantitative methods (e.g., comparison of green space area to crime data). We extracted multiple mechanisms from the literature that may account for the impact of green space on crime including social interaction and recreation, community perception, biophilic stress reduction, climate modulation, and spaces expressing territorial definition. Recommendations are made for future research, such as meta-analysis of existing data and the development of grounded theory through qualitative data-gathering methods. By providing evidence that access to nature has a mitigating impact on violence in urban settings, city governments and communities are empowered to support these interventions. | 8ywevius |
violence during pandemic | 43 | Psychological interventions for common mental disorders in women experiencing intimate partner violence in low-income and middle-income countries: a systematic review and meta-analysis. | BACKGROUND Evidence on the effectiveness of psychological interventions for women with common mental disorders (CMDs) who also experience intimate partner violence is scarce. We aimed to test our hypothesis that exposure to intimate partner violence would reduce intervention effectiveness for CMDs in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs). METHODS For this systematic review and meta-analysis, we searched MEDLINE, Embase, PsycINFO, Web of Knowledge, Scopus, CINAHL, LILACS, ScieELO, Cochrane, PubMed databases, trials registries, 3ie, Google Scholar, and forward and backward citations for studies published between database inception and Aug 16, 2019. All randomised controlled trials (RCTs) of psychological interventions for CMDs in LMICs which measured intimate partner violence were included, without language or date restrictions. We approached study authors to obtain unpublished aggregate subgroup data for women who did and did not report intimate partner violence. We did separate random-effects meta-analyses for anxiety, depression, post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and psychological distress outcomes. Evidence from randomised controlled trials was synthesised as differences between standardised mean differences (SMDs) for change in symptoms, comparing women who did and who did not report intimate partner violence via random-effects meta-analyses. The quality of the evidence was assessed with the Cochrane risk of bias tool. This study is registered on PROSPERO, number CRD42017078611. FINDINGS Of 8122 records identified, 21 were eligible and data were available for 15 RCTs, all of which had a low to moderate risk of overall bias. Anxiety (five interventions, 728 participants) showed a greater response to intervention among women reporting intimate partner violence than among those who did not (difference in standardised mean differences [dSMD] 0·31, 95% CI 0·04 to 0·57, I2=49·4%). No differences in response to intervention were seen in women reporting intimate partner violence for PTSD (eight interventions, n=1436; dSMD 0·14, 95% CI -0·06 to 0·33, I2=42·6%), depression (12 interventions, n=2940; 0·10, -0·04 to 0·25, I2=49·3%), and psychological distress (four interventions, n=1591; 0·07, -0·05 to 0·18, I2=0·0%, p=0·681). INTERPRETATION Psychological interventions treat anxiety effectively in women with current or recent intimate partner violence exposure in LMICs when delivered by appropriately trained and supervised health-care staff, even when not tailored for this population or targeting intimate partner violence directly. Future research should investigate whether adapting evidence-based psychological interventions for CMDs to address intimate partner violence enhances their acceptability, feasibility, and effectiveness in LMICs. FUNDING UK National Institute for Health Research ASSET and King's IoPPN Clinician Investigator Scholarship. | gll3lv5r |
violence during pandemic | 43 | Domestic violence during COVID-19: the GP role. | dwkwqz2f |
|
violence during pandemic | 43 | Crime in Italy at the time of the pandemic. | BACKGROUND The beginning of 2020 has been marked by a historic event of worldwide importance: the Coronavirus pandemic. This emergency has resulted in severe global problems affecting areas such as healthcare and the social and economic fields. What about crime? PURPOSE OF THE WORK The purpose of this work is to reflect about Italy and its crime rate at the time of Coronavirus. METHODS Some crimes will be analysed (the "conventional" ones only, ruling out health-related offences) in the light of data resulting from Ministries and Europol reports, as well as from newspapers and news. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS The outcome will be explained, and some criminological remarks will be added. | 0jv5mnnl |
violence during pandemic | 43 | Violence against women in Italy during the COVID-19 pandemic. | The importance of bringing an end to all forms of violence against women and girls has been fully recognized as central to the achievement of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDG), with particular emphasis on SDG 5 on gender equality and women's empowerment.[1] However, the extent of violence against women and girls across the world is alarming. One in three women around the world have experienced physical and/or sexual violence by an intimate partner or sexual violence by any perpetrator in their lifetime. | 4xq4otsd |
violence during pandemic | 43 | Coronavirus and interpersonal violence: A need for digital mental health resources. | Since the declaration of COVID-19 restrictions and lockdowns, countries across the world have seen an increase in reports of interpersonal violence. During these trying times, digital mental health resources tailored to interpersonal violence are needed. Through the use of online platforms such as websites, mobile applications, and social media, survivors and perpetrators alike can access tools that help them manage stressors induced by the coronavirus as well as practice emotional regulation techniques and communication strategies at home. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved). | 0xc276mq |
violence during pandemic | 43 | The hidden disaster of COVID-19: Intimate partner violence. | The hidden and often unspoken impact of the 2019 novel coronavirus (COVID-19) has been the prevalence of intimate partner violence (IPV). This commentary addresses this issue and highlights a study undertaken to address this public health issue by generating empirical research on the relationship between COVID-19 and IPV. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved). | meey1l87 |
violence during pandemic | 43 | Domestic violence amid COVID-19. | This manuscript highlights the risk that shelter-in-place instructions during COVID-19 places on victims of domestic violence and serves as a call-to-action to address this crisis. In the midst of the COVID-19 pandemic, "stay at home" has become the mantra of governments and public health organizations alike. But for victims of domestic violence, home is often not a place of safety. Staying at home not only places survivors of domestic violence at risk for further violence, but also isolates them from networks of support. Containment policies may lead to higher rates of domestic violence, substance abuse, anxiety, major depression, suicide, and other manifestations of unmet mental health needs. Job losses and financial insecurity may tip at-risk relationships into violence. | er50rvxw |
violence during pandemic | 43 | I Can't Breathe - Race, Violence and COVID-19. | axiclq85 |
|
violence during pandemic | 43 | Health care practitioners' responsibility to address intimate partner violence related to the COVID-19 pandemic. | cbv3yr77 |
|
violence during pandemic | 43 | Amendment to the law to curb violence against doctors during the coronavirus disease 2019 crisis in India. | 1qgibt2v |
|
violence during pandemic | 43 | Coronavirus and Quarantine: Catalysts of Domestic Violence. | The pandemic of COVID-19 has resulted in quarantines imposed all around the world; these and other restrictions could produce an increase in domestic violence. | 427mkwsj |
violence during pandemic | 43 | The intensive use of the internet by children and adolescents in the context of COVID-19 and the risks for self-inflicted violence. | This essay aimed to discuss the implications of social isolation due to the COVID-19 pandemic for the intensive use of the internet among children and adolescents and its possible consequences for the practice of self-inflicted violence. We briefly discussed the anxiogenic potential and the reproduction of a "global fear" that are consolidated with the massive and unmediated exposure of the content consumed, which can increase the vulnerabilities to stress and suicidal ideas. We centered our debate on "recreational" practices, called "challenges" with self-harm power, carried out by teenagers on the YouTube website. This practice has been shown to increase with the social isolation measures. Our reflection on these risks builds on the theoretical perspective of digital sociability, and its implications for the internet-mediated interactions of adolescents. | me58dqhi |
violence during pandemic | 43 | Covid-19: EU states report 60% rise in emergency calls about domestic violence. | 496v31lf |
|
violence during pandemic | 43 | Violence versus gratitude: Courses of recognition in caring situations. | Pandemic infection by COVID-19 could be changing the public image of the nursing profession in Italy. Recently, as in any western country, we were being registered with an increase in the number of violence against healthcare professionals. Nevertheless, due to pandemic in the social media, the nursing profession is remembered for competence, determination, courage, and humanity, and it is continually remercied by people, politicians, and journalists. In this paper, we will conduct a phenomenological argument that proposes both phenomena can be explained by Paul Ricoeur's courses of recognition. In cases of violence, patients and their family members reacting because they feel betrayed for a real or alleged injustice-primarily not to be listened to by health professionals. Nurses and other professionals are often unable to take the right grade of involvement for understanding patient's needs. On the other hand, during COVID-19 pandemic, patients and family members perceive the extraordinary daily work of caring, and they react thanking. The principle of the gift is implicated in both cases: the crisis of gift received or donated can be explaining violence; gratitude and thanks can be explaining by gratuitousness of care. | bhosnbmj |
violence during pandemic | 43 | Twin public health emergencies: Covid-19 and domestic violence. | While a virus is hardly "choosy" in finding a host, the consequences of government responses to a pandemic, such as to Covid-19, have deep implications for those already-marginalised, such as women and girls. In the absence of a systematic database examining the details of the impact, this comment synthesises existing opinions, reviews and the limited available data to show how, not only the outbreak, but particularly our response to it, are increasing the incidence of domestic violence (DV) across the globe, including in India. Despite tackling a much higher Covid caseload and mortality rate than India has, countries such as France and Spain have prioritised responding to DV in their respective societies, working out contingent mitigation mechanisms. Admittedly, low resource settings (LRS) such as India, have a bevy of additional infrastructure and budgetary challenges; but would that imply we do not respond to DV? This comment argues that in reality we have two public health emergencies to confront, the Covid-19 and domestic violence. It builds on the author's observations in the course of working on DV in an LRS context in India, and concludes with a set of recommendations on better responding to DV during Covid/lockdown times. Keywords Domestic violence, gender-based violence, Covid-19, lockdown, pandemic, low resource settings. | 1h5a4bit |
violence during pandemic | 43 | The increase in domestic violence during the social isolation: What does it reveals?/ Isolamento social e o aumento da violência doméstica: O que isso nos revela? | The social isolation imposed by the COVID-19 pandemic brings out, in a empowered way, some worrying indicators about domestic violence and family violence against women. Organizations addressing domestic violence have already seen an increase in domestic violence due to forced coexistence, economic stress and fears about the Coronavirus. The article seeks to establish some relations between social isolation during the COVID-19 pandemic and the increase in violence against women, taking into account the context of a patriarchal society. Data, still incipient, published by the press of several countries were analyzed, as well as reports from international organizations and organizations focused on combating domestic violence. In parallel, a brief literature review with authors who discuss the social role of women in society. | 42o9qs47 |
violence during pandemic | 43 | Children behind closed doors due to covid-19 isolation: Abuse, neglect and domestic violence/ Djeca iza zatvorenih vrata covid-19 izolacije: Zlostavljanje, zanemarivanje i nasilje u obitelji | Abuse and neglect of children is a public health issue at a global, European, and Croatian level, with significant rates of morbidity and mortality. Actual circumstances of a health crisis generate and aggravate a series of risk factors for child abuse and neglect at the level of the child and parent characteristics, family dy-namics and the wider social environment. Isolation and quarantine possibly leading to social exclusion, rep-resent a serious risk for child abuse and neglect, possibly also being the reason for fewer reports. This paper reviews clinical and empirical studies related to the rates of abuse and neglect of children during health and other crises in other countries. It also analyses trends of recent data of the Ministry of Interior with practical guidelines for improved child protection in this period. | d9jjavx8 |
violence during pandemic | 43 | When "Shelter-in-Place" Isn't Shelter That's Safe: A Rapid Analysis of Domestic Violence Case Differences During the COVID-19 Pandemic and Stay-at-Home Orders | Purpose: This study explored the COVID-19 pandemic's impacts on domestic violence (DV) with the following research questions: 1) Did DV occurring during the pandemic differ on certain variables from cases occurring on a typical day the previous year? 2) Did DV occurring after the implementation of shelter-in-place orders differ (on these same variables) from cases occurring prior to shelter-in-place orders? Methods: Two logistic regression models were developed to predict DV case differences before and during the pandemic. DV reports (N=4618) were collected from the Chicago Police Department. Cases from March 2019 and March 2020 were analyzed based on multiple variables. One model was set to predict case differences since the pandemic began, and another model was set to predict case differences during the shelter-in-place period later that month. Results: Both models were significant with multiple significant predictors. During the pandemic period, cases with arrests were 3% less likely to have occurred, and cases at residential locations were 22% more likely to have occurred. During the shelter-in-place period, cases at residential locations were 64% more likely to have occurred, and cases with child victims were 67% less likely to have occurred. Conclusions: This study offers a rapid analysis of DV case differences since the pandemic and shelter-in-place began. Additional variables and data sources could improve model explanatory power. Research, policy, and practice in this area must pivot to focus on protecting children whose access to mandated reporters has decreased and moving victims out of dangerous living situations into safe spaces. | c3xcmkuc |
violence during pandemic | 43 | Impact of COVID-19 Lockdown Policy on Homicide, Suicide, and Motor Vehicle Deaths in Peru | Introduction: Although lockdown measures to stop COVID-19 have direct effects on disease transmission, their impact on violent and accidental deaths remains unknown. Our study aims to assess the early impact of COVID-19 lockdown on violent and accidental deaths in Peru. Methods: Based on data from the Peruvian National Death Information System, an interrupted time series analysis was performed to assess the immediate impact and change in the trend of COVID-19 lockdown on external causes of death including homicide, suicide, and traffic accidents. The analysis was stratified by sex and the time unit was every 15 days. Results: All forms of deaths examined presented a sudden drop after the lockdown. The biggest drop was in deaths related to traffic accidents, with a reduction of 12.66 deaths per million men per month (95% CI: -15.56, -9.76) and 3.64 deaths per million women per month (95% CI:-5.25, -2.03). Homicide and suicide presented similar level drop in women, while the homicide reduction was twice the size of the suicide reduction in men. The slope in suicide in men during the lock-down period increased by 3.62 deaths per million men per year (95% CI:0.06, 7.18). No other change in slope was detected. Conclusions: Violent and accidental deaths presented a sudden drop after the lockdown was implemented and an increase in suicide in men was observed. Falls in mobility have a natural impact on traffic accidents, however, the patterns for suicide and homicide are less intuitive and reveal important characteristics of these events, although we expect all of these changes to be transient. | chmmxehj |
violence during pandemic | 43 | Firearm Purchasing and Firearm Violence in the First Months of the Coronavirus Pandemic in the United States | Importance. Firearm violence is a significant public health and safety problem in the United States. A surge in firearm purchases following the onset of the coronavirus pandemic may increase rates of firearm violence. Objective. To estimate the association between changes in firearm purchasing and interpersonal firearm violence during the coronavirus pandemic. Design. Cross-sectional time series study. We estimate the difference between observed rates of firearm purchases and those predicted by seasonal autoregressive integrated moving average models. Using negative binomial models, we then estimate the association between excess firearm purchases and rates of interpersonal firearm violence within states, controlling for confounders. Setting. The 48 contiguous states and the District of Columbia. Hawaii and Alaska are excluded due to missing or incomplete data. Exposure. The difference between observed and expected rates of firearm purchases in March through May 2020, approximated by National Instant Criminal Background Check System records. Main Outcome and Measure. Fatal and nonfatal injuries from interpersonal firearm violence, recorded in the Gun Violence Archive. Results. We estimate that there were 2.1 million excess firearm purchases from March through May 2020--a 64.3% increase over expected volume, and an increase of 644.4 excess purchases per 100,000 population. We estimate a relative rate of death and injury from firearm violence of 1.015 (95% Confidence Interval (CI): 1.005 to 1.025) for every 100 excess purchases per 100,000, in models that incorporate variation in purchasing across states and control for effects of the pandemic common to all states. This reflects an increase of 776 fatal and nonfatal injuries (95% CI: 216 to 1,335) over the number expected had no increase in purchasing occurred. Conclusions and Relevance. We find a significant increase in firearm violence in the United States associated with the coronavirus pandemic-related surge in firearm purchasing. Our findings are consistent with existing research. Firearm violence prevention strategies may be particularly important during the pandemic. | bmqt33yw |
violence during pandemic | 43 | Domestic violence and abuse, coronavirus, and the media narrative | Following lockdowns in countries around the world, reports emerged of a 'surge' or 'spikes' in the number of domestic violence and abuse cases It is critical to contextualise this: more men are not starting to be abusive or violent;rather, the patterns of abuse are becoming more frequent Spiking and surging make us think in terms of more one-off incidents but it is more likely that the pattern of abuse that is already there is increasing in terms of frequency and type because both parties remain together at all times Amid such a crisis, it is imperative that we continue to see the dynamics of domestic violence and abuse as both a pattern of abusive behaviours and a product of gendered social and cultural norms, rather than a reaction to a specific factor or event, such as COVID-19 | haps8x4u |
violence during pandemic | 43 | COVID-19 and Intimate Partner Violence: A Call to Action. | The COVID-19 pandemic has escalated the risks and dangers for victims of Intimate Partner Violence (IPV). This article aims to describe the current state of IPV in Rhode Island as well as best practices for IPV screening and intervention using telehealth. We highlight the particular plight of undocumented immigrant victims of IPV and how healthcare providers can be responsive to their unique vulnerabilities and needs. | bbu44tg2 |
violence during pandemic | 43 | Elder Abuse in the Time of COVID-19-Increased Risks for Older Adults and Their Caregivers | 3ba4p9bl |
|
violence during pandemic | 43 | Impact of COVID-19 pandemic restrictions on community-dwelling caregivers and persons with dementia | Restrictions related to the 2019 novel coronavirus (COVID-19) pose unique and significant challenges for community-dwelling caregivers and people with dementia, including disrupted routines, a lack of structure, decreased access to respite care, and new or worsening safety issues related to interpersonal violence and hygiene. In addition to identifying issues confronting caregivers, the authors also describe possible ways to address some of these pressing concerns. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved). | 24io736v |
violence during pandemic | 43 | Can Homeopathy, a Particularly Mild Therapeutic Approach, Survive and Grow in a World of Violence? | This short treatise addresses a philosophical question concerning the place of homeopathy in our modern world. The question raised is whether a therapeutic system as peaceful, mild, and non-violent as homeopathy can survive and grow within a society that often displays the opposite characteristics.Much of contemporary society is more interested in fast and impressive cures, even if these may also bring side effects; whereas homeopathy can offer solutions with a personalized approach that requires long hours of case study by the homeopath to find the correct personal remedy that aims to bring about positive results, which the therapy can produce in deep chronic diseases.The conclusion drawn is that homeopathy does not readily fit within a modern and violent society that prefers quick and invasive solutions to its clinical problems. | kj9xtdq4 |
violence during pandemic | 43 | Surviving in place: The coronavirus domestic violence syndemic | 037ctaef |
|
violence during pandemic | 43 | Association of COVID-19 With Intimate Partner Violence | dj2f88az |
|
violence during pandemic | 43 | Attacks against health-care personnel must stop, especially as the world fights COVID-19 | h0l3dhg1 |
|
violence during pandemic | 43 | COVID-19 and Intimate Partner Violence: A Call to Action | The COVID-19 pandemic has escalated the risks and dangers for victims of Intimate Partner Violence (IPV) This article aims to describe the current state of IPV in Rhode Island as well as best practices for IPV screening and intervention using telehealth We highlight the particular plight of undocumented immigrant victims of IPV and how healthcare providers can be responsive to their unique vulnerabilities and needs | cfwda1sw |
violence during pandemic | 43 | Domestic violence in the COVID-19 pandemic: a forensic psychiatric perspective | 2oskze33 |
|
violence during pandemic | 43 | Lockdown: more domestic accidents than COVID-19 in children | c1ckfou4 |
|
violence during pandemic | 43 | Domestic Abuse during COVID-19: What about the boys? | 1wxnuq6y |
|
violence during pandemic | 43 | Safety and services for survivors of intimate partner violence: A researcher-practitioner dialogue on the impact of COVID-19 | This commentary offers a dialogue between a researcher and practitioner on the potential benefits of collaborative research to benefit survivors of intimate partner violence (IPV), a population exposed to high levels of violence and trauma. The dialogue occurred in a written, back-and-forth exchange, with the researcher and practitioner taking turns asking and responding to questions. The questions posed and answered in this commentary include: How are clients at an emergency domestic violence shelter experiencing the pandemic? How do you think a researcher or community member can help during a time like this? What should a researcher consider when engaging in collaborative research partnerships with service providers during this time? The answers offer insights into the importance of developing strong researcher-practitioner partnerships to improve services for trauma survivors during a global crisis. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved). | gqhbe860 |
violence during pandemic | 43 | COVID-19: Reducing the risk of infection might increase the risk of intimate partner violence | b1we9vls |
|
violence during pandemic | 43 | COVID-19, domestic violence and abuse, and urgent dental and oral and maxillofacial surgery care | Household isolation measures to reduce coronavirus transmission during the COVID-19 pandemic have resulted in increased risk of domestic violence and abuse (DVA). DVA physical injury most frequently involves the face. Dentists, dental care professionals, oral surgeons and oral and maxillofacial surgeons all have a critical part to play in identifying patients experiencing DVA, who present with dental and facial injury, and in making referrals to specialist agencies. This paper describes how to ask questions about DVA sensitively and how to make an appropriate referral. Early intervention and referral to a DVA advocate can prevent an abusive situation becoming worse with more intense violence. It can save lives. | cf26y8t6 |
violence during pandemic | 43 | The role of the COVID-19 pandemic as a risk factor for suicide: What is its impact on the public mental health state today? | The phenomenon of suicide is a much studied but still little-known issue. In this particular period of health emergency, quarantine and mandatory restrictions could play a role in the genesis of fatal events or suicide attempts not only in people at risk. However, this issue has not yet been adequately addressed in the literature. The influence of the global pandemic could change the way suicide cases are analyzed; in the future, it is necessary to reconsider and analyze the various risk groups by population but above all to evaluate new methods of intervention for avoiding the increase in fatal events related to the current emergency whose duration is still unknown. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved). | kzkorkcx |
violence during pandemic | 43 | COVID-19 as a risk factor for obstetric violence | j29mia9l |
|
violence during pandemic | 43 | Gun violence during COVID-19 pandemic: Paradoxical trends in New York City, Chicago, Los Angeles and Baltimore | 57k6dw89 |
|
violence during pandemic | 43 | Violence against women in the covid-19 pandemic: we need upstream approaches to break the intergenerational cycle | 6k956e5h |
|
violence during pandemic | 43 | Domestic violence during COVID-19: the GP role | 2ik4mdls |
|
violence during pandemic | 43 | The Urgent Need to Address Violence Against Health Workers During the COVID-19 Pandemic | fj5mkmgv |
|
violence during pandemic | 43 | Rise in the incidence of abusive head trauma during the COVID-19 pandemic | 6fd5mx31 |
|
impact of masks on coronavirus transmission | 44 | Interventions to prevent transmission of the common cold | Theoretically, there are several ways of preventing the common cold: quarantine, immunisation (or vaccination); early treatment of effected individuals; or physical barriers to reduce transmission. All these methods can be dismissed after considering the epidemiology of the common cold, apart from the last. Evidence for effectiveness for physical barriers (which include masks to reduce aerosol transmission; handwashing; and gloves and gowns) come from a variety of empirical studies. The chance of bias for these studies is variable, but we can conclude that all of these barrier methods have important potential for preventing transmission of the common cold, although some methods will not be acceptable to the community currently. | 019lj813 |
impact of masks on coronavirus transmission | 44 | Effectiveness of masks and respirators against respiratory infections in healthcare workers: A systematic review and meta-analysis | 55se41f7 |
|
impact of masks on coronavirus transmission | 44 | To masks, citizen! | xm35b1ml |
|
impact of masks on coronavirus transmission | 44 | Face masks for community use: An awareness call to the differences in materials | See related Reply See related Reply | j1ei5vqc |
impact of masks on coronavirus transmission | 44 | Associations of Stay-at-Home Order and Face-Masking Recommendation with Trends in Daily New Cases and Deaths of Laboratory-Confirmed COVID-19 in the United States | BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Public health interventions have reduced coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) transmission in several countries, but their impacts on COVID-19 epidemics in the USA are unclear. We examined associations of stay-at-home order (SAHO) and face-masking recommendation with COVID-19 epidemics in the USA. METHODS: In this quasi-experimental interrupted time-series study, we modeled temporal trends in daily new cases and deaths of laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 cases, and COVID-19 time-varying reproduction numbers in the USA between March 1 and April 20, 2020. In addition, we conducted simulation analyses. RESULTS: The number of residents under SAHO increased since March 19 and plateaued at 290,829,980 (88.6% of the U.S. population) on April 7. Trends in COVID-19 time-varying reproduction numbers peaked on March 23, further reduced on April 3, and fell below/around 1.0 on April 13. Early-implementation and early-lift of SAHO would reduce and increase COVID-19 epidemics, respectively. Multivariable piecewise log-linear regression revealed the states’ neighboring relationship with New York was linked to COVID-19 daily new cases and deaths. There were two turning points in daily new-case trend, being March 28 (slope-changes = −0.09) and April 3 (slope-changes = −0.09), which appeared to be associated with implementation of SAHO on March 28 (affecting 48.5% of the US population in 22 states and District of Columbia), and face-masking recommendation on April 3, respectively. There were also two turning points in daily new-death trend, being April 9 (slope-changes = −0.06) and April 19 (slope-changes = −0.90). CONCLUSIONS: We identified two turning points of COVID-19 daily new cases or deaths in the USA, which seem to be linked to implementation of SAHO and the Center for Disease Control’s face-masking recommendation. | j1gi1cxu |
impact of masks on coronavirus transmission | 44 | Face masks - a sustainable measure to mitigate COVID-19. | n18gp3wj |
|
impact of masks on coronavirus transmission | 44 | Absence of in-flight transmission of SARS-CoV-2 likely due to use of face masks on board. | Using flights was severely affected during the COVID19 pandemic. We describe a 14 hours flight of 11 passengers and 4 crew members in which 2 positive SARS-COV-2 were on board. No new viral acquisitions found in this flight, probably due to the use of masks. | vbjm87nc |
impact of masks on coronavirus transmission | 44 | Universal Masking in the Covid-19 Era. | oh47zqod |
|
impact of masks on coronavirus transmission | 44 | Respiratory virus shedding in exhaled breath and efficacy of face masks. | We identified seasonal human coronaviruses, influenza viruses and rhinoviruses in exhaled breath and coughs of children and adults with acute respiratory illness. Surgical face masks significantly reduced detection of influenza virus RNA in respiratory droplets and coronavirus RNA in aerosols, with a trend toward reduced detection of coronavirus RNA in respiratory droplets. Our results indicate that surgical face masks could prevent transmission of human coronaviruses and influenza viruses from symptomatic individuals. | g17lp8ch |
impact of masks on coronavirus transmission | 44 | COVID-19: The Need for Rational Use of Face Masks in Nigeria. | Because of the pandemic of COVID-19, the federal government of Nigeria has instituted a mandatory policy requiring everyone going out in public to wear face masks. Unfortunately, the Nigeria media is awash with images of misuse and abuse of face masks by the public, government officials, and healthcare workers. Medical masks are used widely in community settings amid reported scarcity within healthcare facilities. It is observed that some people wear face masks on their chin and neck, and mask wearers give no attention to covering their mouth and nose, especially when talking. Used face masks are kept with personal belongings or disposed indiscriminately in public spaces, leading to self and environmental contamination. Inappropriate use and disposal of face masks in Nigeria could promote the spread of the novel coronavirus in the country and negate the country's efforts to contain the COVID-19 pandemic. In the implementation of the universal masking policy in Nigeria, federal and state governments ought to consider local applicability, feasibility, and sustainability, as well as identify and mitigate all potential risks and unintended consequences. Also critical is the need for intensive public sensitization and education on appropriate use and disposal of face masks in the country. | x5xijo8m |
impact of masks on coronavirus transmission | 44 | Face masks in the covid-19 crisis: caveats, limits, and priorities. | amn0uj0i |
|
impact of masks on coronavirus transmission | 44 | Efficacy of face masks depends on spatial relation between host and recipient and who is being protected. | njd5ygdq |
|
impact of masks on coronavirus transmission | 44 | Face masks for all and all for face masks in the COVID-19 pandemic: community level production to face the global shortage and shorten the epidemic. | The current COVID-19 pandemic caused a global shortage of medical masks, leaving most exposed health personnel without appropriate protection.Since the beginning of the outbreak, the WHO has revised several times the recommendations on general use of facemasks. In various countries, the public was advised to wear facemasks, in order to ensure them to healthcare workers. Until recently, WHO recommended to limit the use of facemasks to symptomatic people and advised against off-standard solutions. Moreover, recommendations differ among and within countries, causing public confusion and individual initiative.There is wide consensus that universal appropriate use of masks may contribute both to contain the epidemic and to reduce the burden on national procurement, if a community production approach is followed. Especially in low-middle income countries, due to the scarce capacity of national industrial production or import, the use of masks produced at community level may become the only viable option.For the purpose ad hoc guidelines will be needed.Current knowledge and experience call for further and updated review of global and national guidelines in order to provide clear and consistent criteria to ensure the widest availability and appropriate use of facial protection, bearing in mind populations in socio-economic disadvantaged settings. | krh7p1tg |
impact of masks on coronavirus transmission | 44 | Let us not forget the mask in our attempts to stall the spread of COVID-19. | vkex8le2 |
|
impact of masks on coronavirus transmission | 44 | Effect of surgical masks worn concurrently over N95 filtering facepiece respirators: extended service life versus increased user burden. | Growing concern over the availability of Respiratory protective devices (eg, filtering facepiece Respirators), in the face of the probable extreme demand brought on by a pandemic influenza, has prompted the suggestion that useful life of N95 filtering facepiece Respirator can be extended by the concurrent use of a surgical mask as an outer protective barrier over the Respirator. Personal protective equipment generally places a strain on the user, and the detrimental physiological and psychological burdens normally imposed by Respirator use could be magnified by the addition of an extra layer of protection such as a surgical mask. The issue of this potentially increased burden of the concurrent use of a surgical facemask with an N95 filtering facepiece Respirator is investigated to afford users the necessary information to make informed decisions Regarding the use of this Respiratory personal protective equipment in the face of large-scale outbreaks of Respiratory pathogens. | 7h88y1fv |
impact of masks on coronavirus transmission | 44 | Face masks for the public during covid-19: the more things change. | csh55i5g |
|
impact of masks on coronavirus transmission | 44 | Covid-19: Important potential side effects of wearing face masks that we should bear in mind. | 22xrjrsv |
|
impact of masks on coronavirus transmission | 44 | Urgency and uncertainty: covid-19, face masks, and evidence informed policy. | gowus26i |
|
impact of masks on coronavirus transmission | 44 | Downsides of face masks and possible mitigation strategies: a systematic review and meta-analysis | Objective To identify, appraise, and synthesise studies evaluating the downsides of wearing facemasks in any setting. We also discuss potential strategies to mitigate these downsides. Methods PubMed, Embase, CENTRAL, EuropePMC were searched (inception-18/5/2020), and clinical registries were searched via CENTRAL. We also did forward-backward citation search of the included studies. We included randomised controlled trials and observational studies comparing facemask use to any active intervention or to control. Two author pairs independently screened articles for inclusion, extracted data and assessed the quality of included studies. The primary outcomes were compliance, discomforts, harms, and adverse events of wearing facemasks. Findings We screened 5471 articles, including 37 (40 references); 11 were meta-analysed. For mask wear adherence, 47% more people wore facemasks in the facemask group compared to control; adherence was significantly higher (26%) in the surgical/medical mask group than in N95/P2 group. The largest number of studies reported on the discomfort and irritation outcome (20-studies); fewest reported on the misuse of masks, and none reported on mask contamination or risk compensation behaviour. Risk of bias was generally high for blinding of participants and personnel and low for attrition and reporting biases. Conclusion There are insufficient data to quantify all of the adverse effects that might reduce the acceptability, adherence, and effectiveness of face masks. New research on facemasks should assess and report the harms and downsides. Urgent research is also needed on methods and designs to mitigate the downsides of facemask wearing, particularly the assessment of alternatives such as face shields. | ozr627rv |
impact of masks on coronavirus transmission | 44 | Even one metre seems generous. A reanalysis of data in: Chu et al. (2020) Physical distancing, face masks, and eye protection to prevent person-to-person transmission of SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19. | Re-examination of the large dataset collected and meta-analysed by Dr Chu and his colleagues contradicts their conclusions about the effects of separation distance on infection risk. Their conclusion was based on misunderstandings of the datasets. Each of these estimated risk relative to that incurred when touching infected individuals. Allowing for this suggests that the main advantage of social distancing, a perhaps 78% (95% CI 24, 92) reduction in risk of infection, occurs at distances below 1m. The data imply an 11% chance of further distances reducing the risk, with any effects likely to be small. However the limitations of the dataset do limit the strength of these conclusions. | ws8licyf |
impact of masks on coronavirus transmission | 44 | Data-driven estimation of change points reveal correlation between face mask use and accelerated curtailing of the COVID-19 epidemic in Italy | Italy was the first Western country to be seriously affected by COVID-19, and the first to implement drastic measures, which have successfully curtailed the epidemic. To understand which contain measures effected disease dynamics, we estimate change points in COVID-19 dynamics by fitting a compartmental model to official Italian data. Our results indicate that lockdowns managed to cause the epidemic to peak in late March 2020. Surprisingly, we found a change point during the decay from the peak, which does not correspond to obvious drastic legal interventions, but may be explained by widespread promotion and mandatory use of face masks. We confirm these interpretations at regional levels, and find that the gradual reopening of society since early May has caused no change in disease dynamics. We speculate that widespread use of face masks and other protective means has contributed substantially to keeping the number of new Italian COVID-19 cases under control in spite of society turning towards a new normality. | papz6uoa |
impact of masks on coronavirus transmission | 44 | On the sensitivity of non-pharmaceutical intervention models for SARS-CoV-2 spread estimation | Introduction: A series of modelling reports that quantify the effect of non pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) on the spread of the SARS-CoV-2 virus have been made available prior to external scientific peer-review. The aim of this study was to investigate the method used by the Imperial College COVID-19 Research Team (ICCRT) for estimation of NPI effects from the system theoretical viewpoint of model identifiability. Methods: An input-sensitivity analysis was performed by running the original software code of the systems model that was devised to estimate the impact of NPIs on the reproduction number of the SARS-CoV-2 infection and presented online by ICCRT in Report 13 on March 30 2020. An empirical investigation was complemented by an analysis of practical parameter identifiability, using an estimation theoretical framework. Results: Despite being simplistic with few free parameters, the system model was found to suffer from severe input sensitivities. Our analysis indicated that the model lacks practical parameter identifiability from data. The analysis also showed that this limitation is fundamental, and not something readily resolved should the model be driven with data of higher reliability. Discussion: Reports based on system models have been instrumental to policymaking during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. With much at stake during all phases of a pandemic, we conclude that it is crucial to thoroughly scrutinise any SARS-CoV-2 effect analysis or prediction model prior to considering its use as decision support in policymaking. The enclosed example illustrates what such a review might reveal. | 2zkrbjqe |