guid stringlengths 32 32 | question stringlengths 17 440 | answer stringlengths 1 613 | question_category stringclasses 7
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d5d52c9a0dba11ecb1e81171463288e9 | Which organ in the body is associated with Vasa recta and Glomerulus? | Kidneys | text | [] | [
{
"text": "The vasa recta of the kidney, ( vasa rectae renis) are the straight arterioles, and the straight venules of the kidney, – a series of blood vessels in the blood supply of the kidney that enter the medulla as the straight arterioles, and leave the medulla to ascend to the cortex as the straight venule... |
d5d52cb80dba11ecb1e81171463288e9 | The cisterna chyli and the thoracic duct are part of which system in the human body? | The lymphatic system. | text | [] | [
{
"text": "It is the most common drainage trunk of most of the body's lymphatics. The cisterna chyli is a retro-peritoneal structure. In humans, the cisterna chyli is located posterior to the abdominal aorta on the anterior aspect of the bodies of the first and second lumbar vertebrae (L1 and L2)."
},
{
... |
d5d52ce00dba11ecb1e81171463288e9 | In human anatomy, the inferior mesenteric and common hepatic are both types of what? | They are both types of arteries. | text | [] | [
{
"text": "In human anatomy, the inferior mesenteric artery, often abbreviated as IMA, is the third main branch of the abdominal aorta and arises at the level of L3, supplying the large intestine from the distal transverse colon to the upper part of the anal canal."
},
{
"text": "It raises from the comm... |
d5d52d080dba11ecb1e81171463288e9 | What is an example of a muscle that responds to pressure by relaxing and also inhibits the release of urine? | internal sphincter muscles | text | [] | [
{
"text": "Unlike the internal sphincter muscle, the external sphincter is made of skeletal muscle, therefore it is under voluntary control of the somatic nervous system. In males and females, both internal and external urethral sphincters function to inhibit the release of urine."
},
{
"text": "The int... |
d5d52d3a0dba11ecb1e81171463288e9 | How are the 20 basepair GC-rich region of dyad symmetry followed by a short poly-A tract in DNA and the method of preventing signals from reflecting off the end of the transmission line in 10BASE2 cable similar? | They are both terminators. | text | [] | [
{
"text": "10BASE2 cable end signal terminator. In electronics, electrical termination is the practice of ending a transmission line with a device that matches the characteristic impedance of the line. Termination prevents signals from reflecting off the end of the transmission line."
},
{
"text": "The ... |
d5d52d580dba11ecb1e81171463288e9 | How many sections does the muscle that the inferior thyroid artery passes in front of? | The longus colli muscle consists of three portions, a superior oblique, an inferior oblique, and a vertical. | text | [] | [
{
"text": "Superficial dissection of the right side of the neck. The inferior thyroid artery is an artery in the neck. It arises from the thyrocervical trunk and passes upward, in front of the vertebral artery and longus colli muscle."
},
{
"text": "The longus colli muscle (Latin for long muscle of the ... |
d5d52d8a0dba11ecb1e81171463288e9 | What is the main and largest one of the body part named for the Greek word for windpipe? | The aorta is the largest and main artery. | text | [] | [
{
"text": "For other uses, see Artery (disambiguation). Artery (plural arteries) (from Greek ἀρτηρία (artēria), meaning 'windpipe, artery') is a blood vessel that takes blood away from the human heart to all parts of the body (tissues, lungs, Brain etc.)."
},
{
"text": "This article uses anatomical term... |
d5d52dda0dba11ecb1e81171463288e9 | What composes the tubes that lead from a female's ovaries to the uterus? | a single layer of column-shaped cells | text | [] | [
{
"text": "The innermost layer of the tube is an epithelium composed of a single layer of column-shaped cells. The columnar cells have microscopic hair-like filaments called cilia throughout the tube, most numerous in the infundibulum and ampulla. Estrogen increases the formation of cilia on these cells."
},
... |
d5d52e020dba11ecb1e81171463288e9 | What has a lesser petrosal nerve that is a general visceral efferent component and the inferior ganglion of what nerve is a sensory ganglion? | glossopharyngeal | text | [] | [
{
"text": "The inferior ganglion of the glossopharyngeal nerve ( petrosal ganglion) is a sensory ganglion. It is larger than and below the superior ganglion of the glossopharyngeal nerve. It is located within the jugular foramen."
},
{
"text": "The lesser petrosal nerve (also known as the small superfic... |
d5d52e520dba11ecb1e81171463288e9 | do the egg is found in the faeces, sputum, or urine of the definitive host? | yes,The egg is found in the faeces, sputum, or urine of the definitive host | text | [] | [
{
"text": "The Miracidium is the second stage in the life cycle of trematodes, entered upon hatching from the egg. The primary objective of trematode miracidia in their natural environment is to survive and locate a host to enter, and continue their development through to the next phase of their life cycle."
... |
d5d52ea20dba11ecb1e81171463288e9 | Which heritage has been discovered among Baltic and Finnish people as a result of a population movement? | ANE ancestry is a heritage identified among Baltic and Finnish people as a result of population migration. | text | [] | [
{
"text": "ANE ancestry is found throughout Europe, with maxima of about 20% found in Baltic people and Finns . Ethnogenesis of the modern ethnic groups of Europe in the historical period is associated with numerous admixture events, primarily those associated with the Roman, Germanic, Norse, Slavic, Arab and T... |
d5d52eca0dba11ecb1e81171463288e9 | How many irregular bones with complex structures composed of bones and some hyaline cartilage are included in the cervical spine? | The cervical spine has seven of these bones. | text | [] | [
{
"text": "Cervical spine disordersare illnesses that affect the cervical spine, which is made up of the upper first seven vertebrae, encasing and shielding the spinal cord. This fragment of the spine starts from the region above the shoulder blades and ends by supporting and connecting the skull."
},
{
... |
d5d52ef20dba11ecb1e81171463288e9 | What hormone is responsible for bone metabolism? | The Parathyroid hormone is responsible for bone remodeling, also known as bone metabolism. | text | [] | [
{
"text": "Parathyroid hormone ( PTH ), also called parathormone or parathyrin, is a hormone secreted by the parathyroid glands that regulates the serum calcium concentration through its effects on bone, kidney, and intestine. PTH influences bone remodeling, which is an ongoing process in which bone tissue is a... |
d5d52f240dba11ecb1e81171463288e9 | Where are the glenoid and articular tubercles located? | The glenoid tubercles are two small bony eminences (or tubercles) located above and below the glenoid cavity on the scapula. The articular tubercle(eminentia articularis) is a bony eminence on the temporal bonein the skull. This tubercle forms the front boundary of the mandibular fossa, and in the fresh state is covered with cartilage. | text | [] | [
{
"text": "The glenoid tubercles are two small bony eminences (or tubercles) located above and below the glenoid cavity on the scapula. The glenoid tubercles consist of the supra- and the infraglenoid tubercle. The Latin terms supra and infra meaning above and below respectively refers to the tubercles location... |
d5d52f740dba11ecb1e81171463288e9 | What kind of mechanism does the ventral respiratory group utilize? | It controls forceful exhalation by using physiological mechanisms involved in the regulation of breathing and operates to enhance the power of inhalation. | text | [] | [
{
"text": "ventral respiratory group (includes the pre-Bötzinger complex ). The ventral respiratory group controls voluntary forced exhalation and acts to increase the force of inhalation. Regulates rhythm of inhalation and exhalation. dorsal respiratory group ( solitary nucleus )."
},
{
"text": "The co... |
d5d52f9c0dba11ecb1e81171463288e9 | Which kidney-shaped organ includes lymphocytes? | The lymph node is a kidney-shaped organ that contains lymphocytes. | text | [] | [
{
"text": "Lymph nodes contain lymphocytes, a type of white blood cell, and are primarily made up of B cells and T cells. B cells are mainly found in the outer cortex where they are clustered together as follicular B cells in lymphoid follicles, and T cells and dendritic cells are mainly found in the paracortex... |
d5d52fc40dba11ecb1e81171463288e9 | What receptors are found in the sphincters of gastrointestinal system and also mediate vasoconstriction of nasal mucosa? | α1-adrenergic receptors. | text | [] | [
{
"text": "The vast majority of decongestants act via enhancing norepinephrine (noradrenaline) and epinephrine (adrenaline) or adrenergic activity by stimulating the α1-adrenergic receptor since they mediate vasoconstriction and constricting nasal vasculature causes decongestion of nasal mucosa."
},
{
"... |
d5d52fec0dba11ecb1e81171463288e9 | Which major female reproductive organ of the endocrine system might contain neuroendocrine cells? | Ovaries | text | [] | [
{
"text": "NETs are believed to arise from various neuroendocrine cells whose normal function is to serve at the neuroendocrine interface. Neuroendocrine cells are present not only in endocrine glands throughout the body that produce hormones, but are found in all body tissues."
},
{
"text": "The major ... |
d5d5303c0dba11ecb1e81171463288e9 | In situations of excess protein intake, the liver will produce which chemical compound that is primarily used as a cop fertilizer? | Ammonia | text | [] | [
{
"text": "In the human body, deamination takes place primarily in the liver, however it can also occur in the kidney. In situations of excess protein intake, deamination is used to break down amino acids for energy. The amino group is removed from the amino acid and converted to ammonia."
},
{
"text": ... |
d5d5308c0dba11ecb1e81171463288e9 | What is the purpose of the nerve situated below the artery that supplies external genitalia with blood? | The perineal nerve supplies the perineum. | text | [] | [
{
"text": "The perineal nerve is a nerve arising from the pudendal nerve that supplies the perineum . The perineal nerve is the inferior and larger of the two terminal branches of the pudendal nerve, is situated below the internal pudendal artery ."
},
{
"text": "The internal pudendal artery is one of t... |
d5d530be0dba11ecb1e81171463288e9 | What is the highest peak on the only island where the jellyfish tree is naturally found? | The jellyfish tree is only found on the island of Mahé in the Seychelles, whose highest point is Morne Seychellois. | text | [] | [
{
"text": "Medusagyne oppositifolia, the jellyfish tree, is a species of tree endemic to the island of Mahé, of the Seychelles. It is the only member of the genus Medusagyne of the tropical tree and shrub family Ochnaceae."
},
{
"text": "Mahé's tallest peak is Morne Seychellois at 905 m (2,969 ft), whic... |
d5d5310e0dba11ecb1e81171463288e9 | What is one of the three divisions of the autonomic nervous system that is responsible for priming the body for action, particularly in situations threatening survival? | The sympathetic nervous system | text | [] | [
{
"text": "The sympathetic nervous system is responsible for priming the body for action, particularly in situations threatening survival. One example of this priming is in the moments before waking, in which sympathetic outflow spontaneously increases in preparation for action."
},
{
"text": "The sympa... |
d5d531360dba11ecb1e81171463288e9 | Can blood not gush out quickly if blood pressure is reduced? | Yes, because blood pressure is the reason blood exits the body at such a quick rate, decreasing it may assist. | text | [] | [
{
"text": "Blood pressure causes the blood to bleed out at a rapid, intermittent rate in a spray or jet, coinciding with the pulse, rather than the slower, but steady flow of venous bleeding. Also known as arterial bleeding, arterial spurting, or arterial gushing, the amount of blood loss can be copious, occur ... |
d5d5315e0dba11ecb1e81171463288e9 | Do the pharynx and larynx share any parts? | The pharynx and larynx share the glottis and epiglottis. | text | [] | [
{
"text": "The pharynx is an organ in the back of the throat. It is also the meeting point of the digestive and the respiratory systems. The opening of the respiratory system in the pharynx is called the glottis. It is guarded by a cartilagenous flap called the epiglottis which prevents food or liquid from goin... |
d5d531860dba11ecb1e81171463288e9 | Are the chains of genetic information is certain viruses like HIV all made of items that are the same size? | According to the length of RNA chain, RNA includes small RNA and long RNA. | text | [] | [
{
"text": "RNA is the carrier of genetic information in certain viruses, especially the retroviruses like the HIV virus. This is the only exception to the general rule that DNA is the hereditary substance. The structure of a mature eukaryotic mRNA. A fully processed mRNA includes a 5' cap, 5' UTR, coding region... |
d5d531ae0dba11ecb1e81171463288e9 | Where do the large collections of autonomic nerve fibers form in the gastrocnemius muscle? | The gastrocnemius muscle is in the lower leg. The autonomic nerve fibers only form large clusters in the thorax, abdomen, and pelvis outside the spinal cord. | text | [] | [
{
"text": "Autonomic nerve fibers form large collections in the thorax, abdomen, and pelvis outside the spinal cord. They have connections with the spinal cord and ultimately the brain, however. Most commonly autonomic neuropathy is seen in persons with long-standing diabetes mellitus type 1 and 2."
},
{
... |
d5d531fe0dba11ecb1e81171463288e9 | The substance of what kidney-shaped organ of the lymphatic system is divided into the outer cortex and the inner medulla? | Lymph node | text | [] | [
{
"text": "The substance of a lymph node is divided into the outer cortex and the inner medulla. The cortex of a lymph node is the outer portion of the node, underneath the capsule and the subcapsular sinus. It has an outer part and a deeper part known as the paracortex. The outer cortex consists of groups of m... |
d5d5324e0dba11ecb1e81171463288e9 | In the portion of the cavity of the larynx above the vestibular fold, it is an opening of what wall of the larynx? | The lateral wall. | text | [] | [
{
"text": "The vestibule is an opening in the lateral wall of the larynx, between the vestibular fold above and the vocal folds below. It is the inlet to another cavity in the lateral wall of larynx, the laryngeal ventricle."
},
{
"text": "The portion of the cavity of the larynx above the vestibular fol... |
d5d5326c0dba11ecb1e81171463288e9 | What is an Inguinal hernia and which type of hernia do they belong to? | An inguinal hernia is a protrusion of abdominal-cavity contents through the inguinal canal. It belongs to groin hernias. | text | [] | [
{
"text": "Inguinal hernias, in turn, belong to groin hernias, which also includes femoral hernias. A femoral hernia is not via the inguinal canal, but via the femoral canal, which normally allows passage of the common femoral artery and vein from the pelvis to the leg."
},
{
"text": "An inguinal hernia... |
d5d5333e0dba11ecb1e81171463288e9 | What colorful butterfly found in Europe and temperate Asia employs a monandrous mating system? | Aglais io | text | [] | [
{
"text": "Aglais io, the European peacock, more commonly known simply as the peacock butterfly, is a colourful butterfly, found in Europe and temperate Asia as far east as Japan. It was formerly classified as the only member of the genus Inachis (the name is derived from Greek mythology, meaning Io, the daught... |
d5d533660dba11ecb1e81171463288e9 | What is the gracilis muscle and what is it commonly used as? | The gracilis muscle is the most superficial muscle on the medial side of the thigh.It is commonly used as a flap in microsurgery. | text | [] | [
{
"text": "The gracilis muscle is commonly used as a flap in microsurgery. According to the classification of Mathes and Nahai, it presents a type II blood supply, allowing it to be transferred on its artery derived from the medial circumflex femoral artery."
},
{
"text": "The gracilis muscle (/ˈɡræsɪlɪ... |
d5d5338e0dba11ecb1e81171463288e9 | What are the name of the small lumps of dermal tissue that are found on the floor of the mouth or upper lip in fish? | The papilla | text | [] | [
{
"text": "The papilla, in certain kinds of fish, particularly rays, sharks, and catfish, are small lumps of dermal tissue found in the mouth, where they are \"distributed uniformly on the tongue, palate, and pharynx\"."
},
{
"text": "Unlike humans, fish have little or nothing in the way of a tongue, an... |
d5d533b60dba11ecb1e81171463288e9 | What is lateral thoracic artery and where does it originate from? | In human anatomy, the lateral thoracic artery (or external mammary artery) is a blood vessel that supplies oxygenated blood to the lateral structures of the thorax and breast. It originates from the axillary artery and follows the lower border of the Pectoralis minor muscle to the side of the chest. | text | [] | [
{
"text": "It originates from the axillary artery and follows the lower border of the Pectoralis minor muscle to the side of the chest, supplies the Serratus anterior muscle and the Pectoralis major muscle, and sends branches across the axilla to the axillary lymph nodes and Subscapularis muscle ."
},
{
... |
d5d533de0dba11ecb1e81171463288e9 | Where is the cuboid bone located and how many muscles are attached to it? | In the human body, the cuboid bone is one of the seven tarsal bones of the foot . The cuboid bone is the most lateral of the bones in the distal row of the tarsus. Only one muscle is attached to the cuboid bone; the tibialis posterior. | text | [] | [
{
"text": "In the human body, the cuboid bone is one of the seven tarsal bones of the foot . The cuboid bone is the most lateral of the bones in the distal row of the tarsus."
},
{
"text": "Only one muscle is attached to the cuboid bone; the tibialis posterior. The tibialis posterior inserts to the unde... |
d5d534060dba11ecb1e81171463288e9 | What body structure that stabilizes the anterior abdominal wall, can be seen on the skin of muscular individuals, forming the depression in the center of a "six pack"? | The linea alba stabilizes the anterior abdominal wall. | text | [] | [
{
"text": "The linea alba stabilises the anterior abdominal wall, as it balances contractile forces from the muscles attached to it. A median incision through the linea alba is a common surgical approach for abdominal surgery. This is because it consists of mostly connective tissue, and does not contain any pri... |
d5d5342e0dba11ecb1e81171463288e9 | Commercial sale of foods produced from organisms that have had changes introduced into their DNA using the methods of genetic engineering began in what year? | Commercial sale of genetically modified foods began in 1994, when Calgene first marketed its unsuccessful Flavr Savr delayed-ripening tomato | text | [] | [
{
"text": "Genetically modified foods are foods produced from organisms that have had changes introduced into their DNA using the methods of genetic engineering as opposed to traditional cross breeding."
},
{
"text": "Commercial sale of genetically modified foods began in 1994, when Calgene first market... |
d5d5344c0dba11ecb1e81171463288e9 | Who is known for proving the presence of the bone that is the portion of the maxilla adjacent to the incisors across mammals? | Johann Wolfgang von Goethe | text | [] | [
{
"text": "In human anatomy, the incisive bone or (Latin) os incisivum is the portion of the maxilla adjacent to the incisors. It is formed from the fusion of a pair of small cranial bones at the very tip of the jaws of many animals, usually bearing teeth, but not always."
},
{
"text": "In human anatomy... |
d5d534740dba11ecb1e81171463288e9 | What is the name of the cranial suture between the zygomatic bone and the bone structure that houses the structures of the ears? | The zygomaticotemporal suture is the cranial suture between the zygomatic bone and the temporal bone. | text | [] | [
{
"text": "The zygomaticotemporal suture (or temporozygomatic suture) is the cranial suture between the zygomatic bone and the temporal bone . Zygomaticotemporal suture (blue circle) and position of two bones."
},
{
"text": "The temporal bones are overlaid by the sides of the head known as the temples, ... |
d5d5353c0dba11ecb1e81171463288e9 | The length of the triangular ligament in the human pelvis that is attached to the outer ridge of the sacrum and coccyx covers what muscle? | In its entire length, the sacrospinous ligament covers the equally triangular coccygeus muscle, to which its closely connected. | text | [] | [
{
"text": "In its entire length, the sacrospinous ligament covers the equally triangular coccygeus muscle, to which its closely connected. The presence of the ligament in the greater sciatic notch creates an opening ( foramen ), the greater sciatic foramen, and also converts the lesser sciatic notch into the le... |
d5d535960dba11ecb1e81171463288e9 | What tried to set up a paradox to question the range of true application of quantum mechanics:, and appeared to have contrived a means to establish the exact values of either the momentum or the position of B due to measurements made on particle A, without the slightest possibility of particle B being physically disturbed? | EPR | text | [] | [
{
"text": "EPR tried to set up a paradox to question the range of true application of quantum mechanics: Quantum theory predicts that both values cannot be known for a particle, and yet the EPR thought experiment purports to show that they must all have determinate values."
},
{
"text": "EPR appeared to... |
d5d535be0dba11ecb1e81171463288e9 | The Peter what, defined as a proposition or value that is a guide for behavior or evaluation, states that a person who is competent at their job will earn a promotion to a position that requires different skills? | Principle | text | [] | [
{
"text": "The Peter Principle states that a person who is competent at their job will earn a promotion to a position that requires different skills. If the promoted person lacks the skills required for the new role, they will be incompetent at the new level, and will not be promoted again."
},
{
"text"... |
d5d535e60dba11ecb1e81171463288e9 | Bernoulli's what, defined as a proposition or value that is a guide for behavior or evaluation, can be derived from the principle of conservation of energy? | Principle | text | [] | [
{
"text": "Bernoulli's principle can be derived from the principle of conservation of energy. This states that, in a steady flow, the sum of all forms of energy in a fluid along a streamline is the same at all points on that streamline. This requires that the sum of kinetic energy, potential energy and internal... |
d5d5360e0dba11ecb1e81171463288e9 | One of the two main types of long-term human memory shares a word with what type of attitudes that are evaluations that occur without conscious awareness towards an attitude object or the self? | Implicit attitudes | text | [] | [
{
"text": "Implicit attitudes are evaluations that occur without conscious awareness towards an attitude object or the self. These evaluations are generally either favorable or unfavorable and come about from various influences in the individual experience."
},
{
"text": "In psychology, implicit memory ... |
d5d536360dba11ecb1e81171463288e9 | When you hold that the present-day meaning of a word or phrase should necessarily be similar to its historical meaning, you are committing what thing, defined as the use of invalid or otherwise faulty reasoning, or "wrong moves" in the construction of an argument? | A fallacy | text | [] | [
{
"text": "A fallacy is the use of invalid or otherwise faulty reasoning, or \"wrong moves\" in the construction of an argument. A fallacious argument may be deceptive by appearing to be better than it really is."
},
{
"text": "The etymological fallacy is a genetic fallacy that holds that the present-da... |
d5d536a40dba11ecb1e81171463288e9 | One central concern of sentential logic is the theory of what? | Categorical syllogism | text | [] | [
{
"text": "Aristotle created a form of logic. His logic is called sentential logic because it uses sentences for the syllogism . Aristotle's logic influenced the history of Western thought."
},
{
"text": "One central concern of the Aristotelian tradition in logic is the theory of the categorical syllogi... |
d5d536fe0dba11ecb1e81171463288e9 | Completeness, consistency, decidability, and expressivity, are further fundamental concepts in what, of which classical deductive is a type? | Logic | text | [] | [
{
"text": "Completeness, consistency, decidability, and expressivity, are further fundamental concepts in logic. The categorization of the logical systems and of their properties has led to the emergence of a metatheory of logic known as metalogic."
},
{
"text": "In classical deductive logic, a consiste... |
d5d537260dba11ecb1e81171463288e9 | Mathematical and classical deductive are both types of what? | Logic | text | [] | [
{
"text": "In classical deductive logic, a consistent theory is one that does not entail a contradiction. The lack of contradiction can be defined in either semantic or syntactic terms. The semantic definition states that a theory is consistent if it has a model, i.e., there exists an interpretation under which... |
d5d5374e0dba11ecb1e81171463288e9 | What are both a software system that generates conclusions from available knowledge using logical techniques such as deduction and induction or what determines whether the truth of a conclusion can be determined for that rule, based solely on the truth of the premises called? | Reasoning. | text | [] | [
{
"text": "Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. In information technology a reasoning system is a software system that generates conclusions from available knowledge using logical techniques such as deduction and induction. Reasoning systems play an important role in the implementation of artificia... |
d5d5376c0dba11ecb1e81171463288e9 | What is both a phenomenon studied in cognitive science and social psychology and determines whether the truth of a conclusion can be determined for that rule, based solely on the truth of the premises? | Reasoning. | text | [] | [
{
"text": "Given a precondition or premise, a conclusion or logical consequence and a rule or material conditional that implies the conclusion given the precondition, one can explain the following. Deductive reasoning determines whether the truth of a conclusion can be determined for that rule, based solely on ... |
d5d537bc0dba11ecb1e81171463288e9 | What groups can be defined concisely as group objects in the category of such spaces that in a field theory, the correlation functions do not depend on the metric of spacetime? | topological | text | [] | [
{
"text": "In a topological field theory, the correlation functions do not depend on the metric of spacetime. This means that the theory is not sensitive to changes in the shape of spacetime; if spacetime warps or contracts, the correlation functions do not change. Consequently, they are topological invariants.... |
d5d538340dba11ecb1e81171463288e9 | What determines the meaning of an information-bearing sentence? | Semantics | text | [] | [
{
"text": "Statements which cannot contain other statements are simple; those which can contain other statements are compound. The appearance of a statement (and indeed a program) is determined by its syntax or grammar. The meaning of a statement is determined by its semantics ."
},
{
"text": "A stateme... |
d5d5385c0dba11ecb1e81171463288e9 | A formulated hypothesis is evaluated through what procedure that is carried out to support or refute it? | They're evaluated by an experiment. | text | [] | [
{
"text": "In entrepreneurial science, a hypothesis is used to formulate provisional ideas within a business setting. The formulated hypothesis is then evaluated where either the hypothesis is proven to be \"true\" or \"false\" through a verifiability - or falsifiability -oriented experiment."
},
{
"tex... |
d5d538840dba11ecb1e81171463288e9 | Is there any other kind of reasoning along with the method where premises are viewed as supplying some evidence but not being completely sure of the truth of the conclusion that can be distinguished in addition to formal deduction? | Abduction, or abductive reasoning can also be distinguished along with induction in addition to formal deduction. | text | [] | [
{
"text": "Inductive reasoning is a method of reasoning in which the premises are viewed as supplying some evidence, but not full assurance, of the truth of the conclusion. It is also described as a method where one's experiences and observations, including what is learned from others, are synthesized to come u... |
d5d538d40dba11ecb1e81171463288e9 | What automatic assigning of children of a mixed union to the subordinate group was put into practice in North America during the colonial times? | Hypodescent | text | [] | [
{
"text": "In societies that regard some races or ethnic groups of people as dominant or superior and others as subordinate or inferior, hypodescent refers to the automatic assignment by the dominant culture of children of a mixed union or sexual relations between members of different socioeconomic groups or et... |
d5d538fc0dba11ecb1e81171463288e9 | What is rational choice theory and how many concepts does it look at? | Rational choice theory, also known as theory of rational choice, choice theory or rational action theory, is a framework for understanding and often formally modeling social and economic behavior. Rational choice theory looks at three concepts: rational actors, self interest and the invisible hand. | text | [] | [
{
"text": "Rational choice theory, also known as theory of rational choice, choice theory or rational action theory, is a framework for understanding and often formally modeling social and economic behavior. It dictates that every person, in order to determine whether any task is worth pursuing, will perform th... |
d5d539240dba11ecb1e81171463288e9 | What is Homo economicus and how is it modelled? | The term Homo economicus, or economic man, is the portrayal of humans as agents who are consistently rational and narrowly self-interested, and who pursue their subjectively-defined ends optimally. In game theory, homo economicus is often modelled through the assumption of perfect rationality. | text | [] | [
{
"text": "In game theory, homo economicus is often modelled through the assumption of perfect rationality. It assumes that agents always act in a way that maximize utility as a consumer and profit as a producer, and are capable of arbitrarily complex deductions towards that end."
},
{
"text": "The term... |
d5d5394c0dba11ecb1e81171463288e9 | In 1905, who proposed a theory about the emission of electrons when electromagnetic radiation hits a material? | In 1905, Einstein proposed a theory of the photoelectric effect using a concept first put forward by Max Planck. | text | [] | [
{
"text": "The emission of electrons from a metal plate caused by light quanta – photons. The photoelectric effect is the emission of electrons when electromagnetic radiation, such as light, hits a material. Electrons emitted in this manner are called photoelectrons."
},
{
"text": "In 1905, Einstein pro... |
d5d539740dba11ecb1e81171463288e9 | What type of bread is used in a wrap that is rolled around a filling, that is also used scoop or wrap small amounts of food en route from platter to mouth? | A flatbread. | text | [] | [
{
"text": "Plastic wrap or wax paper used to wrap sandwiches. Wrap (sandwich), a kind of sandwich made by rolling flatbread around a filling. This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the title Sandwich wrap. If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change the link to point directly to th... |
d5d539c40dba11ecb1e81171463288e9 | What continent does the country with the Tierra del Fuego province partially claim? | Antarctica. | text | [] | [
{
"text": "Chile (officially called Republic of Chile) is a country on the south-western side of South America. Most people there speak Spanish . Chile, which claims a part of the Antarctic continent, is the longest country on earth."
},
{
"text": "It is the southernmost, largest, and second least popul... |
d5d539ec0dba11ecb1e81171463288e9 | The Hordeum vulgare is an example of what class of grains that were domesticated by early primitive humans? | A cereal grain. | text | [] | [
{
"text": "The first cereal grains were domesticated by early primitive humans. About 8,000 years ago, they were domesticated by ancient farming communities in the Fertile Crescent region. Emmer wheat, einkorn wheat, and barley were three of the so-called Neolithic founder crops in the development of agricultur... |
d5d53a320dba11ecb1e81171463288e9 | Russula aeruginea and Russula emetica are both types of what? | Mushrooms | text | [] | [
{
"text": "Russula aeruginea, also known as the grass-green russula, the tacky green russula, or the green russula, is an edible Russula mushroom. Widely distributed in northern temperate regions, it is usually found under birch, mostly in pine forests. The very poisonous death cap can have a similar appearance... |
d5d53a5a0dba11ecb1e81171463288e9 | Russula parvovirescens, Russula aeruginea and Russula emetica are all types of what? | Mushrooms | text | [] | [
{
"text": "Russula parvovirescens, found in the eastern United States, can be distinguished from R. virescens by its smaller stature, with caps measuring 4–8 cm (1.6–3.1 in) wide and stipe up to 6 cm (2.4 in) long by 2 cm (0.8 in) thick."
},
{
"text": "Russula aeruginea, also known as the grass-green ru... |
d5d53a820dba11ecb1e81171463288e9 | The FAO refers to Farfantepenaeus aztecus as the northern brown what, of which the order Mysida is composed of organisms that resemble it? | Shrimp | text | [] | [
{
"text": "Farfantepenaeus aztecus is a species of marine penaeid shrimps found around the east coast of the US and Mexico. They are an important commercial species in the US. The FAO refers to them as the northern brown shrimp; other common names, used in the US, are brown shrimp, golden shrimp, red shrimp or ... |
d5d53aaa0dba11ecb1e81171463288e9 | Where is the trench located just left of the sharp line between the blue deep ocean and the light blue continental shelf, along the west coast of South America located with respect to Taitao? | North | text | [] | [
{
"text": "The Peru–Chile Trench is located just left of the sharp line between the blue deep ocean (on the left) and the light blue continental shelf, along the west coast of South America. It runs along an oceanic-continental boundary, where the oceanic Nazca Plate subducts beneath the continental South Ameri... |
d5d53ad20dba11ecb1e81171463288e9 | In the mature ovary or ovaries of one or more flowers, what are some types of dried versions of these? | Achenes, capsules, follicles or nuts. | text | [] | [
{
"text": "Fruit anatomy is the plant anatomy of the internal structure of fruit. Fruits are the mature ovary or ovaries of one or more flowers."
},
{
"text": "Types of dry fruits include achenes, capsules, follicles or nuts. Dry fruits can also be separated into dehiscent and indehiscent fruits. Dry de... |
d5d53afa0dba11ecb1e81171463288e9 | Raisins, dates, achenes, capsules, follicles, and nuts are all types of what kind of fruit? | Dried fruit. | text | [] | [
{
"text": "Dates, the fruit of date palms, can be dried, often by sun-drying. Dried fig is used in food products such as fig rolls. Traditional dried fruit are types of dried fruits that are either sun-dried, such as raisins and dried figs, or dehydrated in wind tunnels and other dryers, such as dried plums (pr... |
d5d53b220dba11ecb1e81171463288e9 | What seed of one of several genera of the flowering plant family Fabaceae has a variant called the green bean which can produce navy beans? | The bean. | text | [] | [
{
"text": "A bean is the seed of one of several genera of the flowering plant family Fabaceae, which are used as vegetables for human or animal food. They can be cooked in many different ways, including boiling, frying, and baking, and are used in many traditional dishes throughout the world."
},
{
"tex... |
d5d53b4a0dba11ecb1e81171463288e9 | Agaricus semotus is a woodland mushroom of the fungus order that has also been collected where? | New Zealand | text | [] | [
{
"text": "It, like many of its relatives, can be found spread throughout wooded, moist areas in the southern United States, and has been found in areas ranging from California to Florida; it is also indigenous to Great Britain and Europe. A. semotus has also been collected in New Zealand."
},
{
"text":... |
d5d53cb20dba11ecb1e81171463288e9 | What dessert from Pará and Amazonas has a purple berry in it thought to be a strong superfood of the Amazons? | Açaí na tigela. | text | [] | [
{
"text": "The sweet variety, which contains granola, banana, blueberry, strawberry, goji berry, and other fruits, as well as sugar, is more common in southern parts of the country. Regardless of the preparation, açaí's purple berries are thought to be a strong superfood of the Amazons."
},
{
"text": "T... |
d5d53cda0dba11ecb1e81171463288e9 | What chilli pepper native to the Sylhet region of Bangladesh is a sister to the chilli with a smoother flesh? | The Naga Morich. | text | [] | [
{
"text": "The Naga Morich, also known as the \"Dorset Naga Pepper\", is a chilli pepper native to the Sylhet region of Bangladesh. It is known as the sister chilli to the Bhut Jolokia, or Ghost Chilli. The Naga Morich bears many similarities to its sister, but is genetically different. It is also one of the ho... |
d5d53d020dba11ecb1e81171463288e9 | A hymenogastrale is an example of what type of thing that Fomes fomentarius is a pathogen of? | Fungi | text | [] | [
{
"text": "Fomes fomentarius (commonly known as the tinder fungus, false tinder fungus, hoof fungus, tinder conk, tinder polypore or ice man fungus) is a species of fungal plant pathogen found in Europe, Asia, Africa and North America."
},
{
"text": "A false truffle or a hymenogastrale is any species of... |
d5d53d2a0dba11ecb1e81171463288e9 | The York Imperial and the crabtrees are both types of what? | Apples. | text | [] | [
{
"text": "The other species are commonly known as crabapples, crab apples, crabtrees, or wild apples . The genus is native to the temperate zone of the Northern Hemisphere. Apple trees are typically 4–12 m (13–39 ft) talI at maturity, with a dense, twiggy crown."
},
{
"text": "The ' York Imperial', or ... |
d5d53d7a0dba11ecb1e81171463288e9 | Kugels are a mainstay of festive meals in the homes of what people from which the Potato kugel originated from? | Ashkenazi Jewish | text | [] | [
{
"text": "In Transylvania, especially in the Hungarian-speaking regions, a very similar dish is called Vargabéles. Savory kugel may be based on potatoes, matzah, cabbage, carrots, zucchini, spinach or cheese. Kugels are a mainstay of festive meals in Ashkenazi Jewish homes, particularly on the Jewish Sabbath a... |
d5d53da20dba11ecb1e81171463288e9 | Savory kugel may be based on matzah, cabbage, carrots, zucchini, spinach, cheese or what, an ingredient when combined with onions, eggs, flour or matzo meal, oil, salt and pepper makes a Potato kugel ? | Potatoes | text | [] | [
{
"text": "In Transylvania, especially in the Hungarian-speaking regions, a very similar dish is called Vargabéles. Savory kugel may be based on potatoes, matzah, cabbage, carrots, zucchini, spinach or cheese. Kugels are a mainstay of festive meals in Ashkenazi Jewish homes, particularly on the Jewish Sabbath a... |
d5d53dca0dba11ecb1e81171463288e9 | What kind of facility in Singapore are the traditionally red colored cakes made with perfectly round or oval molds created in? | A bakery. | text | [] | [
{
"text": "In fact, many bakeries in Singapore have created red tortoise cakes in a variety of assorted flavors, including jelly and red bean, to cater to all tastes and preferences. In Chinese culture, the color red is traditionally used as a symbol of joy and happiness whereas the tortoise symbolizes longevit... |
d5d53e1a0dba11ecb1e81171463288e9 | Ericaceae and Amanitaceae are both what type of taxonomic classification? | Family | text | [] | [
{
"text": "Amanita onusta, commonly known as the loaded lepidella or the gunpowder lepidella, is a species of fungus in the mushroom family Amanitaceae. It is characterized by its small to medium-sized fruit bodies that have white to pale gray caps crowded with roughly conical, pyramidal, or irregular gray wart... |
d5d53e6a0dba11ecb1e81171463288e9 | What kind of oil are both the salads of Çoban salatası and Tabbouleh dessed with? | Olive oil. | text | [] | [
{
"text": "Tabbouleh ( Arabic: تبولة , romanized : tabūla; also tabouleh, tabbouli, tabouli, or taboulah) is a Levantine vegetarian salad made mostly of finely chopped parsley, with tomatoes, mint, onion, bulgur (soaked, not cooked), and seasoned with olive oil, lemon juice, salt and sweet pepper."
},
{
... |
d5d53eb00dba11ecb1e81171463288e9 | Where are Porterhouses cut from that come from livestock that may have been raised on a farm or ranch? | The rear end of the short loin. | text | [] | [
{
"text": "Livestock for meat to be used as steak cuts may be raised on a farm or ranch. The meat from various wild game may also be used for steak cuts. Countries with enough suitable land for grazing animals, in particular cattle, have a history of production and culinary use of steak."
},
{
"text": "... |
d5d53ed80dba11ecb1e81171463288e9 | Regarding the Amur grape that is in the same countries as the Northern Pacific seastar, what valley was it named after? | The Amur Valley. | text | [] | [
{
"text": "Rupr. Vitis amurensis, the Amur grape, is a species of grape native to the Asian continent. Its name comes from the Amur Valley in Russia and China . It is very resistant to frost, but is not tolerant to drought."
},
{
"text": "Asterias amurensis, also known as the Northern Pacific seastar an... |
d5d53f280dba11ecb1e81171463288e9 | Canh chua and Kuah asam are both names of what? | Sour soups | text | [] | [
{
"text": "Kuah asam is a light, fresh and sour thin soup made from asam jawa ( tamarind) juice. Example of soup employing tamarind is sayur asem, vegetables stew in tamarind soup. Kuah cuka, another variant of sour-tasting soup that simply using vinegar instead of tamarind."
},
{
"text": "Canh chua (li... |
d5d53fc80dba11ecb1e81171463288e9 | Where are the inedible mushrooms held by thin pinkish-white stems and has four-spored basidia found in? | Asia, Europe, and North America. | text | [] | [
{
"text": "Mycena adonis mushrooms are inedible. The spores are narrowly ellipsoid, nonamyloid, and measure 6–7 by 3–3.5 μm. The basidia (spore-bearing cells) are four-spored and measure 20–22 by 6–7 μm."
},
{
"text": "Found in Asia, Europe, and North America, it produces small orangish to reddish inedi... |
d5d53fe60dba11ecb1e81171463288e9 | The names of what, which wild versions of were found to have the highest level of antioxidants out of 40 fruits and vegetables, in languages other than English often translate as "blueberry"? | Blueberries | text | [] | [
{
"text": "In a USDA study, wild blueberries were found to have the highest level of antioxidants out of 40 fruits and vegetables."
},
{
"text": "The names of blueberries in languages other than English often translate as \"blueberry\", e.g. Scots blaeberry and Norwegian blåbær. Blaeberry, blåbær and Fr... |
d5d5400e0dba11ecb1e81171463288e9 | Commercially offered what, which wild versions of were found to have the highest level of antioxidants out of 40 fruits and vegetables, are usually from species that naturally occur only in eastern and north-central North America? | Blueberries | text | [] | [
{
"text": "In a USDA study, wild blueberries were found to have the highest level of antioxidants out of 40 fruits and vegetables."
},
{
"text": "Commercially offered blueberries are usually from species that naturally occur only in eastern and north-central North America. Other sections in the genus ar... |
d5d540360dba11ecb1e81171463288e9 | The species that have fruits studied in considerable detail and the species formerly often treated in Hamamelidaceae are both cultivated for what kind of purpose? | Ornamental purposes. | text | [] | [
{
"text": "They were formerly often treated in Hamamelidaceae. They are native to Southeast and east Asia, western Mediterranean and eastern North America. They are decorative deciduous trees that are used in the wood industry and for ornamental purposes."
},
{
"text": "The fruits have been studied in c... |
d5d540680dba11ecb1e81171463288e9 | The Ullawi volcano is on the border of what country that presents a large number of fjords and fjord-like channels on its southern coast? | Chile. | text | [] | [
{
"text": "Its most prominent summit is the Ollagüe (Ullawi) volcano on the border with Chile. The southern section, characterized by volcanic activity and by having sandstorms and fog, taking into account Licancabur, which is 5,920 meters high (but only two thirds of the northeastern slope of the volcano belon... |
d5d540900dba11ecb1e81171463288e9 | Barley was what common type of food pre-Hispanic civilizations had a system of, used in North American breakfasts? | Grains. | text | [] | [
{
"text": "Cereal grains, namely porridge (and especially oatmeal ), became an important breakfast component in North America. Barley was a common grain used, though other grains and yellow peas could be used."
},
{
"text": "The pre-Hispanic civilizations of the Andes had grain-based food systems, but a... |
d5d540b80dba11ecb1e81171463288e9 | In the higher elevations of the pre-Hispanic civilizations of the Andes, none of the grains were of what kind, that could be made into porridge or oatmeal? | Cereal. | text | [] | [
{
"text": "Cereal grains, namely porridge (and especially oatmeal ), became an important breakfast component in North America. Barley was a common grain used, though other grains and yellow peas could be used."
},
{
"text": "The pre-Hispanic civilizations of the Andes had grain-based food systems, but a... |
d5d540e00dba11ecb1e81171463288e9 | How many different species are there of the plant in the essential oil that is made up of 20-55% thymol? | About 350. | text | [] | [
{
"text": "The essential oil of common thyme (Thymus vulgaris) is made up of 20-55% thymol. Thymol, an antiseptic, is the main active ingredient in Listerine mouthwash. Before the advent of modern antibiotics, it was used to medicate bandages. It has also been shown to be effective against the fungus that commo... |
d5d541080dba11ecb1e81171463288e9 | For the herbaceous plants with about 350 different species among them, what essential oil of it functions as an antiseptic? | Thymol. | text | [] | [
{
"text": "The essential oil of common thyme (Thymus vulgaris) is made up of 20-55% thymol. Thymol, an antiseptic, is the main active ingredient in Listerine mouthwash. Before the advent of modern antibiotics, it was used to medicate bandages. It has also been shown to be effective against the fungus that commo... |
d5d5414e0dba11ecb1e81171463288e9 | Konfyt is made by boiling what, which sugar is used to preserve? | Fruit | text | [] | [
{
"text": "Konfyt ( Afrikaans: \"jam\" or \"fruit preserve\") is a type of jam eaten in Southern Africa. It is made by boiling selected fruit or fruits (such as strawberries, apricots, oranges, lemons, water melons, berries, peaches, prickly pears or others) and sugar, and optionally adding a small quantity of ... |
d5d541760dba11ecb1e81171463288e9 | The tawny grisette must be identified with care because of the other genus members being potentially what? | Poisonous and deadly. | text | [] | [
{
"text": "Amanita fulva is one of the few good edible species in the genus Amanita. Though this particular species is considered edible, it must be identified with care as other members of the genus Amanita are poisonous and some are deadly. For this reason, consuming A. fulva can be dangerous and is not recom... |
d5d5419e0dba11ecb1e81171463288e9 | What basidiomycete mushroom is not recommended for consumption due to other genus members being poisonous? | Amanita fulva. | text | [] | [
{
"text": "Amanita fulva is one of the few good edible species in the genus Amanita. Though this particular species is considered edible, it must be identified with care as other members of the genus Amanita are poisonous and some are deadly. For this reason, consuming A. fulva can be dangerous and is not recom... |
d5d541ee0dba11ecb1e81171463288e9 | The feijão preto in Portuguese can be used in what Mexican-American burrito dish? | Black bean burritos. | text | [] | [
{
"text": "The black turtle bean is often simply called the black bean ( frijoles negros, zaragoza, judía negra, poroto negro, caraota negra, or habichuela negra in Spanish; and feijão preto in Portuguese ), although this terminology can cause confusion with other black beans ."
},
{
"text": "The black ... |
d5d5423e0dba11ecb1e81171463288e9 | The Mytilus galloprovincialis and the boreo-temperate invertebrates that live in intertidal areas attached to rocks are both types of what species? | Mussels. | text | [] | [
{
"text": "Genetic studies based on nuclear markers have suggested that the Chilean mussel has features of both the Mediterranean mussel ( Mytilus galloprovincialis) and the North Atlantic Mytilus edulis."
},
{
"text": "Blue mussels are boreo-temperate invertebrates that live in intertidal areas attache... |
d5d5428e0dba11ecb1e81171463288e9 | Halloumi is a type of what that includes Sage Derby and Stilton? | A cheese. | text | [] | [
{
"text": "Derby cheese varieties include Sage Derby, shown with a wax coating. Stilton – a Protected designation of origin cheese that is produced in two varieties: Blue known for its characteristic strong smell and taste, and the lesser-known White."
},
{
"text": "Halloumi or haloumi ( / həˈluːmi /) (... |
d5d542e80dba11ecb1e81171463288e9 | The fibers of what plant are used to make linen, that can also be used for linseed oil for paints? | Flax. | text | [] | [
{
"text": "The fibres of flax are used to make linen. High-quality paper used in banknotes is also made from flax fibres. An oil (linseed oil) can be made from the dried ripe flax seeds. Flax has been used for a long time in such tasks as making bows and candles ."
},
{
"text": "Flax is grown on the Can... |
d5d543100dba11ecb1e81171463288e9 | Paints and varnishes can use what type of oil that is harvested from the plant used to make linen? | Linseed oil. | text | [] | [
{
"text": "The fibres of flax are used to make linen. High-quality paper used in banknotes is also made from flax fibres. An oil (linseed oil) can be made from the dried ripe flax seeds. Flax has been used for a long time in such tasks as making bows and candles ."
},
{
"text": "Flax is grown on the Can... |
d5d543380dba11ecb1e81171463288e9 | The etaerio and the samara are both types of what that develops from a plant ovary? | Fruits. | text | [] | [
{
"text": "A samara ( / səˈmɑːrə /, UK also: / ˈsæmər -/) is a winged achene, a type of fruit in which a flattened wing of fibrous, papery tissue develops from the ovary wall. A samara is a simple dry fruit and indehiscent (not opening along a seam )."
},
{
"text": "An aggregate fruit or etaerio ( / ɛˈt... |
d5d543600dba11ecb1e81171463288e9 | A samara is what kind of fruit, in which blueberries are infused with a sweetener before becoming like this? | Dried fruit. | text | [] | [
{
"text": "A samara ( / səˈmɑːrə /, UK also: / ˈsæmər -/) is a winged achene, a type of fruit in which a flattened wing of fibrous, papery tissue develops from the ovary wall. A samara is a simple dry fruit and indehiscent (not opening along a seam )."
},
{
"text": "Many fruits such as cranberries, blue... |
d5d543880dba11ecb1e81171463288e9 | The substance made into 40 cm discs with a FDM around 45% and the substance with distinctive veins of blue mold are both types of what? | Cheese. | text | [] | [
{
"text": "The cheese is white, tangy, crumbly and slightly moist, with distinctive veins of blue mold. It has a characteristic fragrance and flavor with a notable taste of butyric acid; the blue veins provide a sharp tang. It has no rind; the exterior is edible and slightly salty."
},
{
"text": "It is ... |
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