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92.25.99.110

Welcome to Wikipedia. Although everyone is welcome to make constructive contributions to Wikipedia, at least one of your recent edits did not appear to be constructive and has been removed. Please use the sandbox for any test edits you would like to make, and read the welcome page to learn more about contributing constructively to this encyclopedia. --Jerzy•t

200.150.162.94

== April 2013 == Hello, I'm Yintan. I wanted to let you know that I undid one of your recent contributions, such as the one you made with this edit to Dead Sea, because it didn’t appear constructive to me. If you think I made a mistake, or if you have any questions, you can leave me a message on my talk page. Thanks, Yintan²  Please refrain from making unconstructive edits to Wikipedia, as you did at Dead Sea with this edit. Your edits appear to constitute vandalism and have been reverted or removed. If you would like to experiment, please use the sandbox. Thank you. Yintan² 

99.121.116.37

Māris Ziediņš (born 3 July 1978 in Talsi, Latvian SSR, Soviet Union) is a Latvian ice hockey forward currently playing for the Peterborough Phantoms of the English Premier Ice Hockey League. Ziediņš spent four years in St. Norbert College before turning pro with the Rockford IceHogs of the United Hockey League. He then went on to have spells in the ECHL with the Toledo Storm, Greenville Grrrowl and the Stockton Thunder before returning to the UHL with the Chicago Hounds. In 2007, Ziediņš moved to the United Kingdom and signed with the Peterborough Phantoms. In 2008–09, he scored 34 goals and 45 assists for 79 points in 54 games for the Phantoms. Ziediņš represented Latvia in the 2005 World Ice Hockey Championship and the 2006 Winter Olympics. ==Career statistics== Club statistics {| BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="3" CELLSPACING="0" ID="Table3" |- ALIGN="center" bgcolor="#e0e0e0" ! ALIGN="center" colspan="3" bgcolor="#ffffff" |   ! ALIGN="center" rowspan="99" bgcolor="#ffffff" |   ! ALIGN="center" colspan="5" | Regular Season ! ALIGN="center" rowspan="99" bgcolor="#ffffff" |   ! ALIGN="center" colspan="5" | Playoffs |- ALIGN="center" bgcolor="#e0e0e0" ! ALIGN="center" | Season ! ALIGN="center" | Team ! ALIGN="center" | League ! ALIGN="center" | GP ! ALIGN="center" | G ! ALIGN="center" | A ! ALIGN="center" | Pts ! ALIGN="center" | PIM ! ALIGN="center" | GP ! ALIGN="center" | G ! ALIGN="center" | A ! ALIGN="center" | Pts ! ALIGN="center" | PIM |- ALIGN="center" | ALIGN="center" | 1992–93 | ALIGN="center" | THK Talsi | ALIGN="center" | Latvian hockey league | ALIGN="center" | 13 | ALIGN="center" | 9 | ALIGN="center" | 4 | ALIGN="center" | 13 | ALIGN="center" | 4 | ALIGN="center" | – | ALIGN="center" | – | ALIGN="center" | – | ALIGN="center" | – | ALIGN="center" | – |- ALIGN="center" bgcolor="#f0f0f0" | ALIGN="center" | 1998–99 | ALIGN="center" | Green Bay Gamblers | ALIGN="center" | USHL | ALIGN="center" | 49 | ALIGN="center" | 8 | ALIGN="center" | 10 | ALIGN="center" | 18 | ALIGN="center" | 35 | ALIGN="center" | 6 | ALIGN="center" | 2 | ALIGN="center" | 3 | ALIGN="center" | 5 | ALIGN="center" | 6 |- ALIGN="center" | ALIGN="center" | 1999–2000 | ALIGN="center" | St. Norbert College | ALIGN="center" | NCAA | ALIGN="center" | 12 | ALIGN="center" | 5 | ALIGN="center" | 5 | ALIGN="center" | 10 | ALIGN="center" | ?? | ALIGN="center" | – | ALIGN="center" | – | ALIGN="center" | – | ALIGN="center" | – | ALIGN="center" | – |- ALIGN="center" bgcolor="#f0f0f0" | ALIGN="center" | 2000–01 | ALIGN="center" | St. Norbert College | ALIGN="center" | NCAA | ALIGN="center" | 28 | ALIGN="center" | 21 | ALIGN="center" | 19 | ALIGN="center" | 40 | ALIGN="center" | 8 | ALIGN="center" | – | ALIGN="center" | – | ALIGN="center" | – | ALIGN="center" | – | ALIGN="center" | – |- ALIGN="center" | ALIGN="center" | 2001–02 | ALIGN="center" | St. Norbert College | ALIGN="center" | NCAA | ALIGN="center" | 29 | ALIGN="center" | 21 | ALIGN="center" | 20 | ALIGN="center" | 41 | ALIGN="center" | 10 | ALIGN="center" | – | ALIGN="center" | – | ALIGN="center" | – | ALIGN="center" | – | ALIGN="center" | – |- ALIGN="center" bgcolor="#f0f0f0" | ALIGN="center" | 2002–03 | ALIGN="center" | St. Norbert College | ALIGN="center" | NCAA | ALIGN="center" | 31 | ALIGN="center" | 18 | ALIGN="center" | 19 | ALIGN="center" | 37 | ALIGN="center" | 14 | ALIGN="center" | – | ALIGN="center" | – | ALIGN="center" | – | ALIGN="center" | – | ALIGN="center" | – |- ALIGN="center" | ALIGN="center" | 2002–03 | ALIGN="center" | Rockford IceHogs | ALIGN="center" | UHL | ALIGN="center" | 4 | ALIGN="center" | 1 | ALIGN="center" | 0 | ALIGN="center" | 1 | ALIGN="center" | 2 | ALIGN="center" | – | ALIGN="center" | – | ALIGN="center" | – | ALIGN="center" | – | ALIGN="center" | – |- ALIGN="center" bgcolor="#f0f0f0" | ALIGN="center" | 2003–04 | ALIGN="center" | Rockford IceHogs | ALIGN="center" | UHL | ALIGN="center" | 73 | ALIGN="center" | 13 | ALIGN="center" | 22 | ALIGN="center" | 35 | ALIGN="center" | 40 | ALIGN="center" | – | ALIGN="center" | – | ALIGN="center" | – | ALIGN="center" | – | ALIGN="center" | – |- ALIGN="center" | ALIGN="center" | 2004–05 | ALIGN="center" | Toledo Storm | ALIGN="center" | ECHL | ALIGN="center" | 55 | ALIGN="center" | 16 | ALIGN="center" | 17 | ALIGN="center" | 33 | ALIGN="center" | 25 | ALIGN="center" | – | ALIGN="center" | – | ALIGN="center" | – | ALIGN="center" | – | ALIGN="center" | – |- ALIGN="center" bgcolor="#f0f0f0" | ALIGN="center" | 2004–05 | ALIGN="center" | Greenville Grrrowl | ALIGN="center" | ECHL | ALIGN="center" | 12 | ALIGN="center" | 9 | ALIGN="center" | 6 | ALIGN="center" | 15 | ALIGN="center" | 2 | ALIGN="center" | – | ALIGN="center" | – | ALIGN="center" | – | ALIGN="center" | – | ALIGN="center" | – |- ALIGN="center" | ALIGN="center" | 2005–06 | ALIGN="center" | Stockton Thunder | ALIGN="center" | ECHL | ALIGN="center" | 57 | ALIGN="center" | 17 | ALIGN="center" | 23 | ALIGN="center" | 40 | ALIGN="center" | 32 | ALIGN="center" | – | ALIGN="center" | – | ALIGN="center" | – | ALIGN="center" | – | ALIGN="center" | – |- ALIGN="center" bgcolor="#f0f0f0" | ALIGN="center" | 2006–07 | ALIGN="center" | Chicago Hounds | ALIGN="center" | UHL | ALIGN="center" | 75 | ALIGN="center" | 27 | ALIGN="center" | 17 | ALIGN="center" | 44 | ALIGN="center" | 51 | ALIGN="center" | 4 | ALIGN="center" | 0 | ALIGN="center" | 2 | ALIGN="center" | 2 | ALIGN="center" | 4 |- ALIGN="center" | ALIGN="center" | 2007–08 | ALIGN="center" | Peterborough Phantoms | ALIGN="center" | EPIHL | ALIGN="center" | 19 | ALIGN="center" | 16 | ALIGN="center" | 24 | ALIGN="center" | 40 | ALIGN="center" | 16 | ALIGN="center" | 6 | ALIGN="center" | 3 | ALIGN="center" | 3 | ALIGN="center" | 6 | ALIGN="center" | 6 |- ALIGN="center" bgcolor="#f0f0f0" | ALIGN="center" | 2008–09 | ALIGN="center" | Peterborough Phantoms | ALIGN="center" | EPIHL | ALIGN="center" | 54 | ALIGN="center" | 34 | ALIGN="center" | 45 | ALIGN="center" | 79 | ALIGN="center" | 20 | ALIGN="center" | – | ALIGN="center" | – | ALIGN="center" | – | ALIGN="center" | – | ALIGN="center" | – |} National team statistics {| BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="3" CELLSPACING="0" ID="Table3" |- ALIGN="center" bgcolor="#e0e0e0" ! ALIGN="center" colspan="3" bgcolor="#ffffff" |   ! ALIGN="center" rowspan="99" bgcolor="#ffffff" |   |- ALIGN="center" bgcolor="#e0e0e0" ! ALIGN="center" | Year ! ALIGN="center" | Team ! ALIGN="center" | League ! ALIGN="center" | GP ! ALIGN="center" | G ! ALIGN="center" | A ! ALIGN="center" | Pts ! ALIGN="center" | PIM |- ALIGN="center" | ALIGN="center" | 2005 | ALIGN="center" | Latvia | ALIGN="center" | World Championship Div. A | ALIGN="center" | 6 | ALIGN="center" | 1 | ALIGN="center" | 0 | ALIGN="center" | 1 | ALIGN="center" | 0 |} ==External links== 1978 births Living people Chicago Hounds players English Premier Ice Hockey League players Green Bay Gamblers players Greenville Grrrowl players Ice hockey players at the 2006 Winter Olympics Latvian ice hockey players Olympic ice hockey players of Latvia People from Talsi Rockford IceHogs (UHL) players Stockton Thunder players Toledo Storm players St. Norbert College alumni

Māris Ziediņš

Iris planifolia is a species in the genus Iris, it is also in the subgenus of Scorpiris. It is a bulbous perennial. The name is derived from 'planifolia' from the Greek word meaning 'with flat leaves'. It was first published by T.Durand and Schinz in 'Conspectus Floræ Africæ' No5. in 1894. But under the name Iris alata. Fiori and Paoletti in 'Flora Analytica d'Italia', recognized this species as the genus Iris from Millers original entry of 'Xiphium planifolium'. For many years this was known under the synonym. 'Iris alata' by Poir and recorded in a 1939 checklist. Further research took then plant origin back to 1894. Iris planifolia is now the accepted name by the RHS. Note; Iris planifolia has over 20 different synonyms. See list in the infox on the right. 'Iris alata' (also commonly known as 'Scorpion Iris') is the most common synonym. It is hardy to USDA Zone 3. The bulb is a short lived plant. It is better grown in the UK, in a bulb frame. In pots or preferably in the ground. It can also be cultivated in pots. But the pots need to be a minimum of 30 cm tall (or 1 ft), to allow maximum root space. It needs good ventilation to prevent disease, but can be prone to virus infections. Causing a loss of growth, and causes pale or streaky foliage. Infected plants should be destroyed to stop contamination of other plants. For good growth next year, it prefers a good warm dry ripening period in summer, in sharply drained soil. ==Habit== Iris planifolia has a large brown ovoid bulb (around 2in in diameter), with fleshy cylindrical white roots. It is regarded as having one of the largest flowers in the sub-genus. It can begin to flower in December, up to January or February. In the wild they have been known to flower in later Autumn. The flowers have a light scent, which can be described as spicy. It is a short, stout plant which blooms with up to three large flowers per stem, which are generally 6–7 cm in diameter, with a perianth tube of 8–18 cm long. It has falls that are 5–8 cm long and standards that are 2 cm long. The plant can reach a maximum height of 10–15 cm tall. The large flowers can come in various shades of blue, from bluish violet, bright sky blue and lilac blue, The falls have a dark blue veining and a yellow crest on the ridge. It does not have a beard. Occasionally, white flowered forms can be found in the wild. It has shiny green leaves that grow up to 10–30 cm long and 1–3 cm wide. Which can conceal the short stem, at flowering time. The leaves are lanceolate, and begin narrow at soil level before growing up towards a point. Capsule oblong, sessile like that of Colchicum on the surface of the soil in the centre of the leaves. It has brown seeds which can be as large as a pea. It can be propagated naturally as it creates clumps of bulbs, that can be divided, by being very carefully teased apart in late summer. Care mus be taken not to damage the fleshy roots. ==Native== This the only species in the Juno subgenus that can be found growing in Europe. Iris planifolia is found on rocky hillsides, which are generally wet in the winter and dry in the summer. It can be found in a wide area of southern Europe to Northern Africa. Specifically in Crete, Greece, Sicily, Spain, Portugal, Sardinia, and Morocco. White forms of the iris can be found in Andalucia. ==References== ==External links== planifolia Plants described in 1894 Flora of Spain Flora of Greece Flora of Morocco Flora of Europe Flora of Crete Flora of Sicily Flora of Sardinia

Iris planifolia

Kirkwood/La Salle station

Mitsuo Higashinaka

Abare Festival is a Japanese festival commonly known as the Fire & Violence Festival. == Summary == Abare Festival, reputedly is the most 'fierce' festival not only for Japanese but also for non-Japanese, who often call it "the Fire & Violence Festival". Visitors can watch kiriko (キリコ, Noto’s unique illuminated lantern floats) and mikoshi (みこし, portable shrines) being carried through the streets, eat festival foods, hear taiko drums and see many people dressed in their summer festival wear (ゆかた). The kirikos and mikoshis are first blessed by priests and sake is poured over them and into the mouths of the men who carry them. From this point onwards, sake flows freely all night long. The kiriko are sponsored by neighborhoods within Ushitsu and are usually carried by local residents, or former residents., The festival is held on the first Friday through Saturday of July every year (previously on July 7 and 8) as the first Noto kiriko festivals, which are held all over Noto, Ishikawa from July to September. Abare festival is dedicated to Yasaka Shrine in Ushitsu. After kiriko are showcased in town streets, 40 giant kiriko are gathered at the pier, where huge bonfires are set, with melody of taiko drums, gongs, and flutes around the fire. The purpose of this festival is to hustle bravely and violently as its name indicates. It is said that the more violently people behave, the more god will delight as this rampage represents enshrined Susanoo no Mikoto, who is known as a destructive deity. == Detail == On the first night, Friday, of the festivities the Mikoshi and about 40 Kiriko make their way through the streets of Ushitsu (a village inside of Noto Town) and finally gather in front of the city hall to weave around large bonfires resting on the top of large poles. Groups of men (and rarely women) work together to carry the large wooden Kiriko while children sit atop it playing drums and flutes. The men often carry the Kiriko so close to the suspended bonfires that they suffer minor or major burns from the falling sparks. The children usually wear wet towels draped over their heads to protect them from the sparks. On the second night, Saturday, the Kirikos once again weave their way around town but the main attraction is the wooden Mikoshis that are carried (by about 12 men) down the main street to be blessed. The men carrying the Mikoshi continually thrash it against the ground and grind it into the asphalt of the street, doing their best to break it as much as possible. After passing 3 different checkpoints where they stop to pray, receive blessings, and drink sake; the men will throw the Mikoshi off a small bridge (roughly 7 meters tall) into a small river that runs through the middle of town. The men will then jump into the river and bash the Mikoshi against the bridge's concrete support beam while splashing one another. Handling the Mikoshi these way means following the divine will, hence such rough handling is actually a manner of prayer. After that they will take the Mikoshi a short way up the road to a second river and throw the Mikoshi off the side of the road into the second river. At this point they will bash the Mikoshi up against a hard bit of the road to attempt to further shatter the top of the Mikoshi. At the second river, a bonfire, which has been lit above them, showers sparks and flaming debris down upon their heads as they attempt to destroy the Mikoshi. The men vigorously splash one another to protect themselves from the fire. Then the men will retrieve the Mikoshi from the river and take it to Yasaka Shrine, a Shinto Shrine (じんじゃ). In front of the shrine there is a large bonfire on the ground in which they will repeatedly throw the Mikoshi and then retrieve it afterwords, when they believe that they have properly destroyed the Mikoshi they will take it through the gate of the shrine where the priests will judge if it has been properly destroyed. If the priests decline to take the Mikoshi into the shrine, the men will return to throwing it in and out of the bonfire and smashing it upon the ground before returning it to be inspected by the priests once more. Eventually the priests will accept the Mikoshi into the shrine. This happens twice, the first wooden Mikoshi being destroyed between 10:00 p.m. and 12:00 a.m. and the second between 12:00 a.m. and 2:00 a.m. Despite the name, the Fire and Violence festival is safe to attend for all ages. The 12 men destroying the Mikoshi are the only ones that are in any danger of physical harm. == Origin == Abare Festival originates in around 1665, when counteract a violent epidemic raging in Noto, Ishikawa. Local people invited Gozu Tenno from Yasaka Shrine in Kyoto and held a big religious ceremony to pray for calming down of the epidemic. Then a big bee came from somewhere and stung people one after another. People who were stung were soon cured from the epidemic so that the delighted local people visited Yasaka Shrine carrying Kiriko. ==See also== Gion Matsuri Noto, Ishikawa List of festivals in Japan == References == == External links == Noto Abare Matsuri Articles created via the Article Wizard Festivals in Japan Festivals established in 1665 1665 establishments in Japan

Abare Festival

== April 2013 == Hello, I'm Yintan. I wanted to let you know that I undid one of your recent contributions, such as the one you made with this edit to Daggett County, Utah, because it didn’t appear constructive to me. If you think I made a mistake, or if you have any questions, you can leave me a message on my talk page. Thanks, Yintan² 

65.130.102.31

Please do not add nonsense to Wikipedia. It is considered vandalism. If you would like to experiment, use the sandbox. Thank you. EdJohnston

69.131.228.222

Welcome, and thank you for experimenting with Wikipedia. Your test worked, and it has been reverted or removed. Please take a look at the welcome page to learn more about contributing to this encyclopedia. If you would like to experiment further, please use the sandbox. Piano non troppo (talk)

122.57.113.194

television Finnish 2010s Finnish television series debuts

2011 Finnish television series debuts

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67.163.25.196

The malleus or hammer is a hammer-shaped small bone or ossicle of the middle ear which connects with the incus and is attached to the inner surface of the eardrum. The word is Latin for hammer or mallet. It transmits the sound vibrations from the eardrum to the incus. ==Structure== The malleus is a bone situated in the middle ear. It is the first of the three ossicles, and attached to the tympanic membrane. The head of the malleus is the large protruding section, which attaches to the incus. The head connects to the neck of malleus, and the bone continues as the handle of malleus, which connects to the tympanic membrane. Between the neck and handle of the malleus, lateral and anterior processes emerge from the bone. The malleus is unique to mammals, and evolved from a lower jaw bone in basal amniotes called the articular, which still forms part of the jaw joint in reptiles and birds. ===Development=== Embryologically it is derived from the first pharyngeal arch along with the rest of the bones of mastication, such as the maxilla and mandible. ==Function== The malleus is one of three ossicles in the middle ear which transmit sound from the tympanic membrane (ear drum) to the inner ear. The malleus receives vibrations from the tympanic membrane and transmits this to the incus. ==History== Several sources attribute the discovery of the malleus to the anatomist and philosopher Alessandro Achillini. The first brief written description of the malleus was by Berengario da Carpi in his Commentaria super anatomia Mundini (1521). Niccolo Massa's Liber introductorius anatomiae described the malleus in slightly more detail and likened both it and the incus to little hammers terming them malleoli. ==Additional images== ==See also== Bone terminology Evolution of mammalian auditory ossicles Ligaments of malleus Terms for anatomical location ==References== Auditory system Bones of the head and neck Ear

Malleus

Grodztwo is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Kowal, within Włocławek County, Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship, in north-central Poland. ==References== Villages in Włocławek County

Grodztwo, Włocławek County

The Test Acts were a series of English penal laws that served as a religious test for public office and imposed various civil disabilities on Roman Catholics and nonconformists. The principle was that none but people taking communion in the established Church of England were eligible for public employment, and the severe penalties pronounced against recusants, whether Catholic or nonconformist, were affirmations of this principle. In practice nonconformists were often exempted from some of these laws through the regular passage of Acts of Indemnity. After 1800 they were seldom enforced, except at Oxbridge, where nonconformists and Catholics could not matriculate (Oxford) or graduate (Cambridge). The Tory government repealed them in 1828 with little controversy. ==Corporation Act 1661== The Corporation Act of James I provided that all such as were naturalized or restored in blood should receive the sacrament of the Lord's Supper. It was not, however, until the reign of Charles II that actually receiving communion in the Church of England was made a precondition for holding public office. The earliest imposition of this test was by the Corporation Act of 1661 requiring that, besides taking the Oath of Supremacy, all members of corporations were, within one year after election, to receive the sacrament of the Lord's Supper according to the rites of the Church of England. ==Test Act of 1673== This act was followed by the Test Act of 1673 (25 Car. II. c. 2) (the long title of which is "An act for preventing dangers which may happen from popish recusants"). This act enforced upon all persons filling any office, civil or military, the obligation of taking the oaths of supremacy and allegiance and subscribing to a declaration against transubstantiation and also of receiving the sacrament within three months after admittance to office. The oath for the Test Act of 1673 was: I, N, do declare that I do believe that there is not any transubstantiation in the sacrament of the Lord's Supper, or in the elements of the bread and wine, at or after the consecration thereof by any person whatsoever. The act was passed in the parliamentary session that began on 4 February 1673; the act is dated as 1672 in some accounts because the old style (Julian) calendar then in force held that the new year did not begin until Lady Day, or 25 March. The correct date using modern terminology is 1673. ==1678 Act== Initially, the Act did not extend to peers; but in 1678 the Act was extended by a further Act (30 Car. II. st. 2) which required that all peers and members of the House of Commons should make a declaration against transubstantiation, invocation of saints, and the sacrament of Mass. The effect of this was to exclude Catholics from both houses, and in particular the "Five Popish Lords" from the House of Lords, a change motivated largely by the alleged Popish Plot. The Lords deeply resented this interference with their membership; they delayed passage of the Act as long as possible, and managed to greatly weaken it by including an exemption for the future James II, effective head of the Catholic nobility, at whom it was largely aimed. ==Repeal== The necessity of receiving the sacrament as a qualification for office was repealed in 1828 and all acts requiring the taking of oaths and declarations against transubstantiation were repealed by the Catholic Relief Act 1829. Sir Robert Peel took the lead for the government in the repeal and collaborated with Anglican Church leaders. ==References== ==External links== Committees for the Repeal of the Test and Corporation Acts: the minutes of two committees for the repeal of the Act. First published by the London Record Society, available as part of British History Online. Legal history of England Acts of the Parliament of England concerning religion 1661 in law 1673 in law 1678 in law 17th century in England Christianity and law in the 17th century

Test Acts

Relics Relics

Buddhist relics

== April 2013 == Hello, I'm Yintan. I noticed that you made a change to an article, Largest concerts ever, but you didn't provide a source. I’ve removed it for now, but if you’d like to include a citation to a reliable source and re-add it, please do so! If you think I made a mistake, or if you have any questions, you can leave me a message on my talk page. Thanks, Yintan² 

76.69.1.148

== September 2008 == Your recent edit to Protestant Reformation (diff) was reverted by an automated bot. The edit was identified as adding vandalism, or link spam to the page or having an inappropriate edit summary. If you want to experiment, please use the preview button while editing or consider using the sandbox. If you made an edit that removed a large amount of content, try doing smaller edits instead. Thanks! (Report bot mistakes here) // VoABot II (talk) The recent edit you made to Protestant Reformation constitutes vandalism, and has been reverted. Please do not continue to vandalize pages; use the sandbox for testing. Thank you. IHG (talk)

124.186.136.111

The Tawitawi brown dove (Phapitreron cinereiceps) is a threatened species of bird in the family Columbidae. It is endemic to forests in the Sulu Archipelago (islands of Tawi-Tawi and Sanga-Sanga) in the Philippines. Until recently it was considered conspecific with the Mindanao brown dove and collectively called the dark-eared brown dove. Although threatened by , the rate of loss significantly reduced from 2004–2007, and it was thus downlisted from Critically Endangered to Endangered status in the 2007 IUCN Red List. ==Footnotes== ==References== BirdLife International (2007a): 2006-2007 Red List status changes. Retrieved 2007-AUG-26. BirdLife International (2007b): Tawitawi Brown Dove - BirdLife Species Factsheet. Retrieved 2007-AUG-26. Tawitawi brown dove Endemic birds of the Philippines Fauna of Tawi-Tawi Birds described in 1894

Tawitawi brown dove

Hudson/Innes station

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67.189.152.28

Əliabad, Lerik may refer to: Əliabad (38° 41' N 48° 33' E), Lerik Əliabad (38° 50' N 48° 37' E), Lerik

Əliabad, Lerik

Ringette is a team sport with two variations, one indoor and one outdoor version. The winter sport is played on an ice rink. One indoor court version is called gym ringette. The game objective is to outscore the opposing team. Created in Canada, the sport is played on an ice surface, primarily by women and girls, and requires the use of ice skates. The sport uses a blue rubber pneumatic ring and all players, with the exception of goaltenders, use a straight stick. One of the sport's most recognizable and defining features is the fact that it does not involve the use of intentional body contact as a strategic component. Despite its primary popularity among female participants, the sport is officially mixed. In the sports home nation, Canada, the nations elite ringette players play in the National Ringette League (NRL). The final competition is held annually at the Canadian Ringette Championships. The winning team in the NRL division is awarded the Jeanne Sauvé Memorial Cup named after the late Governor General of Canada, Jeanne Sauvé. Initially coined the Jeanne Sauvé Cup and initiated in December of 1984, it was first presented at the 1985 Canadian Ringette Championships in Dollard des Ormeaux, Québec. It is now entitled the Jeanne Sauvé Memorial Cup, in memory of the late Governor General of Canada and is awarded the to best team in the National Ringette League. ==History== Ringette is a winter season team sport played on an ice rink using ice skates. From its beginnings in 1963 in Northern Ontario, participation in the sport has increased in Canada, and spread to the United States of America, Finland, Sweden and France. In Canada an annual national level competition is held called the Canadian Ringette Championships and the sport is also included in the Canada Winter Games. Ringette was invented in 1963 by the Northern Ontario Recreation Directors Association (NORDA), led by the two founders of ringette, Sam Jacks, from West Ferris, Ontario, director of Parks and Recreation for the city of North Bay, Ontario and Mirl "Red" McCarthy, recreation director for the town of Espanola, Ontario. The title of birthplace of ringette is shared by both North Bay, Ontario, and Espanola, Ontario, where the first game was played in the fall of 1963 under the direction of McCarthy. The NORDA organization was critical in the early years of the sport's spread, and was a regional organization composed of members from a large area that included the Ontario communities of North Bay, Espanola, Deep River, Elliot Lake, Huntsville, Sturgeon Falls, Timmins, Sault Ste. Marie, Sudbury, Onaping and Phelps, as well as Témiscaming, Québec. NORDA recognized that the available winter programs, broomball and female hockey both failed to attract and maintain female participants and a result embarked on a new initiative to create either a court or rink sport for girls. It was at the time (and still is) a novel approach to the problem of female participation in sport, as it was typical to adopt directives which aimed to increase female participation by adopting an already established and popular male sport, and then recruiting interest, a directive that had already clearly failed. It was also becoming increasingly acceptable to assume that men were responsible for the lack of participation of females in sport despite evidence to the contrary. Ringette's inventors and success challenged this anti-male notion by carving out a brand new sport that was geared towards girls deliberately and from the very start, rather than simply adopting another popular male sport and recruiting. The new sport, which easily could have failed due to taking a highly unconventional approach to increasing female participation, was very well received and quickly gained popularity and traction among youth and also was eventually well received in Finland after its introduction in the country. ===Gender politics=== During the early 1990s, the Minnesota State High School League lobbied the Minnesota Department of Education, and found itself in a position to project itself as the authoritative voice on girls sports interests. ===Introduction to North Bay=== Ringette was introduced in North Bay on January 21, 1965 at the Kiwanis Playground with teams from Kiwanis and Police zones participating. The game ended in a 5-5 overtime tie. Attempts were being made to form a four team league. Growth in ringette came slowly to North Bay as ice time was seldom available. It was not until 1971-72 that West Ferris, Ontario, today part of North Bay, had a four-team league operating. ===Introduction to Quebec=== Ringette was introduced to the province of Québec by Bob Reid, director of recreation for Témiscaming, secretary and chairman of NORDA. ===Further developments=== By 1965-66, NORDA decided that they had carried the game about as far as it could go. The Society of Directors of Municipal Recreation of Ontario (SDMRO) was chosen to develop and organize it further on a larger scale. By 1973, an agreement was worked out between SDMRO and the Ontario Ringette Association (ORA) where the copyright to the Official Ringette Rules would be held by the ORA. Finally, in 1983 in agreement with the ORA, these rights were acquired by Ringette Canada. ==The legacy of Samuel and Agnes Jacks== The West Ferris Arena, today called the West Ferris Centennial Community Centre, was built in 1967, four years after the birth and invention of the sport in 1963. The arena, surrounding ballfields and tennis courts, is together called the Sam Jacks Recreational Complex. After Sam Jacks died in May 1975, his wife Agnes promoted the game and acted as an ambassador for the sport until her own death in April 2005. She was awarded the Order of Canada. ==The legacy of Mirl "Red" McCarthy== Ringette Canada Hall of Fame - Founder (1988) Sudbury Sport Hall of Fame (2007) Mirl "Red" McCarthy Memorial Trophy - awarded to top Coach in Northern Ontario Junior Hockey League Athletic complex in Espanola named the "Red McCarthy Memorial Athletic Fields". Ringette is one of four sports featured on the "Canadian Inventions: Sports" series issued by Canada Post stamps on August 10, 2009. ==Basic rules of play== ===Players=== Only six players on each team are permitted on the ice at one time, one centre, two forwards, two defenders, and a goaltender. ===Playing short-handed=== A team plays short-handed (is down one or two players) when a player receives a penalty and must sit for a defined interval in the penalty box. Regardless of the number of players in the penalty box, at least three skaters must be present on the ice at all times. No players are added to the ice until there is only one left in the box (i.e., add the fourth skater to the ice). ===Pulling the goalie=== A team may pull the goalie off the ice and one more player may go in the offensive or defensive end. If the goalie is pulled and the play returns to that team's defensive end, one skater may become an acting goaltender. Once she enters the crease, she is bound by the same rules as a regular goaltender. ===Free pass=== The game begins with the visiting team receiving control of the ring on the defending half of the center circle. One player from the visiting team must pass the ring to another player within five seconds, without leaving the half circle or crossing the centre line, or else possession is lost and granted to the home team. ===Blue lines=== Players are not permitted to carry the ring over the two blue lines; they can advance the ring over the line only by passing it to another player. The ring must be touched by any other player first, but does not need to be under control before the passer take possession again (e.g., the passer bounces the ring off a player's skate and then picks it up). If a player touches the ring consecutively on both sides of the blue line their team loses possession and the opposing team is given a free pass. If the ring goes over both blue lines, the team that passed it may not touch it until the opposing team does or attempts to get the ring. If a goaltender throws the ring across the blue line, a delayed violation is signalled. The goaltender may use their stick to pass the ring over the blue line. ===Free Play Line (aka Ringette Line)=== The red line at the top of the defensive circles is called the Free Play Line. It marks the restricted area of each team's attacking/defending zones. Only three players from each team, plus the defending goaltender, are permitted into the restricted areas. Exceptions include: The defending team must have one player out of the free play area. If a team has two penalized players, only two players in addition to the goaltender may be in the zone. If a team has pulled their goaltender, an additional player is allowed into the attacking or defending zone. The goaltender must be completely off the ice before the additional player is permitted to enter. Once the goalie is pulled, any of the players from that team may enter the goaltender's crease and play as goalie – but cannot carry the ring out of the crease. If the violation is non-intentional, the team in violation will lose possession of the ring and have it granted to the non-offending team. If the violation is deemed intentional, a delay of game penalty is assessed (rare). If an intentional violation occurs in the last two minutes of the game, a penalty shot is awarded instead. The Extended Zone Line is also known as the "ringette line". ===Crease=== The crease is essentially an invisible wall from ice to ceiling located in front of the goal mouth and defined by a red semi circle on the ice. Goaltenders are the only players permitted in the crease. If a member of the team with ring possession violates the crease with a stick, skate, arm, etc., the play is stopped and the goalie receives the ring. If any member of the non-possession team violates the crease, their team cannot touch the ring for five seconds (counted by the referee), or possession of the ring is given to the other team. When the ring enters the crease, the goaltender then has five seconds to throw, pass with stick, deflect, or push the ring out to another player. If the goalie does not pass it within five seconds, the ring is awarded to the other team for a free pass from one of the defensive free play circles. The goalie may use the stick to touch the ring outside the crease, and can also pass through the crease, but may not pull it into the crease unless she pulls it all the way through and out with one motion. Otherwise, this results in a loss of possession, and a penalty if she has already been given a warning. The goalie may not pick up or cover the ring with her glove outside the crease. The goalie can push the ring with a hand when outside the crease, as can any other player. The team in possession of the ring has 30 seconds to shoot, it is not always played this way with the younger girls (Active start, and U10), or it gives up possession to the other team. The shot clock is reset when possession of the ring changes teams, when the ring stops in the goaltender's crease, or when the ring bounces off the goalie. The shot clock is only applied in competitive levels, starting at the petite level (U12). ===Violations=== A violation is a minor penalty called for violations of game play rules, usually due to improper movement or handling of the ring. Common violations include entering the crease, touching the ring on either side of the blue line, four players in the zone and 2 (blue) line passes. If a violation is committed by the team in possession of the ring, play is stopped immediately. The ring is awarded to the opposing team in the zone the violation occurred. If a violation is committed by the team not in possession of the ring, a 'delayed violation' is signaled by the official (arm raised with a 90 degree bend at the elbow) and a 5-second count begins. If the team in violation touches the ring within that time period, play is stopped and the violation is assessed. If the count expires, the violation is dropped and play continues. If a violation occurs that would award the defending team a free pass in their own zone, the ring is given to the goaltender as a "goalie ring". Play resumes immediately when the goaltender receives the ring. Time is not provided for teams to perform line changes as can be done on a free pass, although on-the-fly changes are permitted as in normal play. ===Penalties=== Penalties in ringette have the same concept as in hockey, with the notable exception that less body contact is allowed, and fighting has a zero-tolerance policy. Penalties are of the following classes: Minor penalties, such as boarding, charging, cross checking, elbowing, holding, illegal substitution, hooking, high-sticking, tripping, body contact, slashing, unsportsmanlike conduct and interference. The offending player must sit in the penalty box for two or four minutes depending on the severity of the penalty (other exceptions apply) and her team plays short-handed. The penalty ends when the team with the penalty is scored on, or the penalty time runs out. (If the defense is serving two penalties, the oldest penalty ends.) A major penalty is assessed for serious offenses, generally involving intent to injure or an intentional penalty action to prevent a shot during the attacking team's breakaway. Major penalties are four minutes in length and do not end upon the scoring of a goal. Interruption of a breakaway by a penalty action can result in a penalty shot. Misconduct and Match penalties may also be called. They result in a player's ejection from the game. Misconduct and Major penalties also incur a two- or four-minute fully served penalty to be served by a teammate, unless the penalty is assessed to a non-playing bench member. When a penalty is assessed against the goalie, a teammate on the ice at the time of the offence must serve it. If the team not in control of the ring commits a penalty, play is not stopped until the penalized team gains control. This is called a delayed penalty. A minor penalty is nullified if a goal is scored during the delay, unless penalties of equal class were called on both teams. While the penalty is delayed, the attacking team can add a sixth skater to the ice by pulling their goalie. This player can enter the play zone as the fourth attacker. A team can work off at most two penalties at a time. If a team commits a third penalty, the penalized player sits in the penalty box, but her interval does not start until the first of the other penalties expires (and so forth if there are more penalties). A team plays with a minimum of three skaters on the ice, regardless of the number of penalties. If freeing a player from the penalty box would give the team more players on the ice than it is entitled to (such as when the team is down to three attackers, but there are two other players in the penalty box), she will not be freed until a whistle stops play. During the stoppage, the team must remove one player from the ice to return to its proper strength. A team with two penalties can have only two players (instead of the usual three) in its defensive zone. But if a third person is active in the defensive zone while two man down a third penalty will be called. If there is a third penalty that penalty time does not start till the first penalty is over. All three players may enter the offensive zone. ==Equipment== Required equipment for ringette is similar to ice hockey: ringette stick – are generally lightweight composite or hollow wood, with metal or ridged plastic tips. Heavily splintered sticks are not permitted. ringette ring hockey skates – goalies may choose to use goalie skates shin pads, worn under the pants (or goalie pads) protective girdle with a "cup" or a "jill" to protect genitals ringette pants – covering pants. hockey gloves (ringette gloves have been phased out due to a lack of hard padding) elbow pads jersey helmet with ringette facemask (must have a triangle bar pattern–either full or half with a plexiglass shield for the eyes; square bars are disallowed because the stick tip can fit through the spaces) neck guard shoulder pads – in some associations/provinces, shoulder pads are optional after U12. In Ontario, shoulder pads are necessary until 18+, other provinces may vary. - mandatory mouthguards in a game but optional in a practice The ringette facemask is much like a hockey one except the bars are spaced so that the end of a ringette stick cannot enter the mask. (bars are shaped as triangles, not squares) Ringette sticks have tapered ends, with plastic or metal tips specially designed with grooves to increase the lift and velocity of the wrist shot. A ringette stick is also reinforced to withstand the body weight of a player – a ring carrier leans heavily on his/her stick to prevent opposing players from removing the ring. Sticks are flexible and lightweight to bend without breaking. ==Olympic status== Ringette is currently not in the Olympics. In its homeland of Canada, stemming the game in order to have the sport recognized by the International Olympic Committee for inclusion in the winter Olympic games is underway. Marketing methods have included using social media as well as word of mouth. Ringette has thus far been excluded from the Olympics partly due to the fact that it must have 25% of each gender to qualify. The sport is typically overlooked by male participants due to its lack of widespread recognition and the more widespread availability of other organized winter sports like ice hockey. Currently there are not enough males with the skill to qualify for an Olympic team. ==Canadian status== ===Levels of play in Canada=== There are several levels of play in Ringette, categorized by age. Divisions were recently renamed as U* divisions under the new Long Term Development Plan (LTDP) rolled out nationally by Ringette Canada for the 2009-10 ringette season: U6-8 under 6 or 8 years- this age division has been recently created by only a few associations. It is designed to introduce younger children (primarily girls) to the sport and begin to develop skills at an early age. Typically, these young players play modified games (shorter time, no penalties, on half of the ice etc.) U8 under 8 (previously called 'Bunny' division) U9 ' Under 9 (this is a minor Novice Division) U10 primarily 8 & 9 years (previously called the 'Novice' division) U12 10- & 11-year-old players (previously referred to as 'Petite' division) U14 12- & 13-year-old players (previously referred to as 'Tween' division) U16 14- & 15-year-old players (previously referred to as 'Junior' division) U19 16- to 18-year-old players (previously referred to as 'Jr Belle' of 'Belle' division) 18+ 18 years and older players (previously referred to as 'Open' or adult division, usually included lifelong players under 30) '"Masters"' 18 years and older, either lifelong players desiring a slower pace, or new players who begin as adults (this division is part of the league associations but excluded from Provincial tournaments) NRL Known as the National Ringette league, for elite players aged 18+ In 2010 the league put back in place previous age groups. Boys are permitted to play at any age level but are restricted to competing at the "B" level or lower in many places. It isn't uncommon to see boys participating above U9 or U6 divisions. Due to the pure speed of the sport, skating is emphasized at these levels; boys will typically develop skating and basic stick-handling before switching over to hockey around U10. Levels of competition, based on skill, range from recreational to competitive, and include: Rec, C, B, BB, A, and AA and AAA, with AA being the highest level at which league competition occurs. AAA ringette is typically specific to particular regions who feel another category is necessary to clarify their league or tournament play. For example: AAA teams out of Quebec have played AA teams out of Alberta at various tournaments, including the National Championships. In Alberta, the highest level considered is AA, although they are deemed equal to the AAA teams from areas such as Quebec. For those who like the hockey parallel, playing AA ringette is the same as playing AAA hockey. The National Ringette League was introduced in 2004-2005 season and includes open-aged players at AA/AAA level. === National Ringette League === The National Ringette League (also indicated by the initials NRL) is an elite league of ringette in Canada. The NRL groups together the very best players over the age of 19 in Canada. The NRL consists of nineteen teams separated into two conferences. The Western Conference has six teams and the Eastern Conference has thirteen teams. The NRL recovers directly from Ringette Canada, the guiding organisation for Ringette in Canada. === Canadian championships === The Championnats Canadien d'Ringuette/ Canadian Ringette Championships took place for the first time in 1979 in Winnipeg, Manitoba. This tournament was conceived so as to be able to determine who are the Canadian champions in the categories Under-16 years, Under-19 years and Open (replaced by the National Ringuette League since 2008). The Canadian Championships of ringuette usually take place in April of every year. === University Challenge Cup === The annual competition groups together Canadian universities in 2 conferences and is organized by the association Canadian University Ringette University champions: 2013: University of Alberta 2012: University of Alberta 2011: University of Calgary 2010: University of Brock 2009: University of Calgary 2008: University of Guelph 2007: University of Calgary 2006: University of Ottawa 2005: University of Calgary 2004: University of Calgary 2003: College of Saint-Boniface 2002: College of Saint-Boniface 2001: University of Manitoba, Team A 2000: College of Saint-Boniface 1999: University of Winnipeg === Canada Winter Games === The Canada Winter Games are a multi-sport competition of two weeks duration. The Canada Games represent an important national competition. Twenty one sports appear. Ringette takes part in the event during one of two weeks of the Canada Games. Usually the competition begins on Mondays followed by the semi-final on Friday evening and of the National final on Saturdays. The best ringette athletes of ten provinces meet under the banner of teams of each of the provinces there. The Winter Games are held in every 4 years. Ringette at 2015 Canada Winter Games Gold : Manitoba Silver : Ontario Bronze : New Brunswick Ringette at 2011 Canada Winter Games Gold : Ontario Silver : Alberta Bronze : Quebec Ringette at 2007 Canada Winter Games Gold : Ontario Silver : Alberta Bronze : Québec Ringette at 2003 Canada Winter Games Gold : Ontario Silver : Manitoba Bronze : British Columbia Ringette at 1999 Canada Winter Games Gold : Ontario Silver : Manitoba Bronze : Saskatchewan Ringette at 1995 Canada Winter Games Gold : Alberta Silver : Manitoba Bronze : British Columbia Ringette at 1991 Canada Winter Games Gold : Alberta Silver : Ontario Bronze : British Columbia === Eastern Canadian Ringette Championships === The provinces of Nova Scotia, Prince Edward Island, New Brunswick, Quebec and Ontario have competed the Eastern Canadian Ringette Championships in the following 4 divisions since 2002: (U14AA, U16A, U19A and U18+ A). === Cross-sport participation === Some of the Canada's national level ringette players have also played for the Canadian women's national bandy team.Their best results are 4th at the

Ringette

television Finnish 2000s Finnish television series debuts

2000 Finnish television series debuts

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