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[ { "docid": "58446292", "text": "Bandit is a 1994 American made-for-television spin-off film series based on the Smokey and the Bandit franchise. The four telefilms – Bandit Goes Country, Bandit Bandit, Beauty and the Bandit and Bandit's Silver Angel – were produced for Universal Television's Action Pack programming block from original Smokey and the Bandit director/writer Hal Needham. Brian Bloom stars as a younger version of Bo \"the Bandit\" Darville, the character originated by Burt Reynolds in Smokey and the Bandit (1977) and Smokey and the Bandit II (1980). The series serves as a reboot set in 1994. The car featured in this series is a Dodge Stealth, while the Smokey and the Bandit films introduced two generations of the Pontiac Trans Am. Bandit Goes Country The Bandit (Brian Bloom) goes home for a family reunion and along the way, he meets music star Mel Tillis, who is forced to make an emergency landing when his plane malfunctions. The Bandit helps Mel, but soon finds himself in hot water when his cousin Johnny (Christopher Atkins) gets into the music bootlegging business. The film was written by Chris Abbott and originally aired on January 30, 1994. Bandit Bandit A Bandit impostor (Gerard Christopher) lands the real Bandit (Bloom) in jail, but he needs to break out so he can deliver a futuristic car safely to Governor Denton (Gary Collins). The film was written by Brock Yates and originally aired on March 13, 1994. Beauty and the Bandit The Bandit (Bloom) is on the run with Crystal \"the Beauty\" (Kathy Ireland), a young woman being pursued by a mobster (Tony Curtis), a bounty hunter (Joseph Cortese) and the FBI. The film was written by David Chisholm and originally aired on April 3, 1994. Bandit's Silver Angel The Bandit (Bloom) gets an unexpected visit from his Uncle Cyrus (Donald O'Connor) who later dies of a heart attack, leaving his carnival to his widow Angel (Traci Lords). The Bandit helps Angel face off against some shady characters smuggling stolen silver ingots hidden in the carnival. The film was written by Jay Huguely and originally aired on April 10, 1994. Home media On October 12, 2010, Universal Pictures Home Entertainment released all four television films on DVD along with the Smokey and the Bandit trilogy as part of Smokey and the Bandit: The 7-Movie Outlaw Collection. See also Smokey and the Bandit Smokey and the Bandit II Smokey and the Bandit Part 3 References External links 1994 films 1994 television films 1994 action comedy films Film series introduced in 1994 American television films American action comedy films American film series Television prequel films Film spin-offs First-run syndicated television programs in the United States Films directed by Hal Needham Films scored by Steve Dorff Action Pack (TV programming block) Smokey and the Bandit 1990s American films American prequel films Films with screenplays by James Wesley Huguely", "title": "Bandit (film series)" }, { "docid": "1731114", "text": "Smokey and the Bandit Part 3 (also known as Smokey and the Bandit III) is a 1983 American action comedy film and a spinoff/legacy sequel to Smokey and the Bandit (1977) and Smokey and the Bandit II (1980). The film is the third and final installment of the Smokey and the Bandit trilogy in the Smokey and the Bandit franchise, starring Jackie Gleason, Jerry Reed, Paul Williams, Pat McCormick, Mike Henry and Colleen Camp. The film also includes a cameo near the end by the original Bandit, Burt Reynolds. With one of the main titular characters missing, the plot of the film revolves instead around Sheriff Buford T. Justice (\"Smokey\"), with the presence of the Bandit merely being suggested through him being impersonated by Cledus (\"Snowman\"). The film received negative reviews and was panned by critics, becoming a box office bomb, earning only $7 million against a $9 million budget. Plot Big and Little Enos Burdette offer retiring Sheriff Buford T. Justice a wager, betting $250,000 against his badge on his ability to transport a large statue shark from Miami to Austin, Texas. Buford rejects the wager and retires, but after realizing retirement is not all it is cracked up to be he reconsiders and accepts the Burdettes' wager. Buford picks up the shark and starts driving with his son, Junior. Big and Little Enos set many traps, but after Buford dodges all of them, they decide to hire Bo \"Bandit\" Darville to intercept him. However, he was due to being too hard to manage, it's unknown that Bo/Bandit and Carrie/Frog are doing something together. So instead, they hire Cledus Snow, to become the new Bandit to intercept Buford. Cledus parks his semi truck at his house, puts on a disguise as the Bandit, and leaving Fred with Freida for his company. Cledus went to Bo's garage and sets off by driving the Bandit's new black and gold 1983 Pontiac Trans Am. Cledus picks up Dusty Trails, who quits her job at a used car dealership at the town's Autorama. (Similar to how Bo picks up Carrie from the first movie) Cledus catches up with Buford, as he steals the shark with his rope and Dusty greets Buford as he realizes that the Bandit is back, thus Buford goes on hot pursuit, while another local officer (named Purvis R. Beethoven), attempts to take charge of the situation. Both police cars are disabled in the chase. Buford catches up after Cledus and Dusty make their stop at the Gator Kicks Longneck Saloon as he tries to give her a cheeseburger from the bikers that kicked him out and got his revenge from them. The chase then creates mass chaos in a local town. Cledus escapes when an 18-wheeler blocks the alleyway where he sped through. While trying to get the truck out, Buford's car is towed as the police woman gave Buford a ticket, but he reverses the car and escapes. The police woman and the tow truck driver chases him,", "title": "Smokey and the Bandit Part 3" }, { "docid": "74853374", "text": "Smokey and the Bandit is an action comedy franchise following the exploits of bootleggers Bo \"Bandit\" Darville (Burt Reynolds), Cledus \"Snowman\" Snow (Jerry Reed), and Texas county sheriff Buford T. Justice (Jackie Gleason). The series consists of three theatrical films and four made-for-TV spinoff films. Created by stuntman and director Hal Needham, the first film of the trilogy, Smokey and the Bandit, was the second-highest-grossing domestic film of 1977 in the United States and had significant cultural impact including adding to the 1970s CB radio fad and igniting the popularity of the Pontiac Trans Am car driven by the Bandit. Smokey and the Bandit (1977) Smokey and the Bandit (1977) is an American action comedy film and stars Burt Reynolds, Sally Field, Jackie Gleason, Jerry Reed, Pat McCormick, Paul Williams and Mike Henry and was the directorial debut of stuntman Hal Needham. The film follows Bo \"Bandit\" Darville (Reynolds) and Cledus \"Snowman\" Snow (Reed), two bootleggers attempting to illegally transport 400 cases of Coors beer from Texarkana to Atlanta. While the Snowman drives the truck carrying the beer, the Bandit drives a 1977 Pontiac Trans Am to distract law enforcement (called blocking) and keep the attention off the Snowman. During their run, they are pursued by Texas county sheriff Buford T. Justice (Gleason). Smokey and the Bandit was the second-highest-grossing domestic film of 1977 in the United States. Smokey and the Bandit II (1980) Smokey and the Bandit II (1980) is an American action comedy film directed by Hal Needham, and starring Burt Reynolds, Sally Field, Jerry Reed, Jackie Gleason and Dom DeLuise. The film is the sequel to the 1977 film Smokey and the Bandit. The plot centers on Bo \"Bandit\" Darville (Burt Reynolds) and Cledus \"Snowman\" Snow (Jerry Reed), transporting an elephant to the GOP National Convention, with Sheriff Buford T. Justice (Jackie Gleason) once again in hot pursuit. Smokey and the Bandit II was the eighth-highest-grossing domestic film of 1980 in the United States. Smokey and the Bandit Part 3 (1983) Smokey and the Bandit Part 3 (1983) is an American action comedy film starring Jackie Gleason, Jerry Reed, Paul Williams, Pat McCormick, Mike Henry and Colleen Camp. The plot of the film revolves around Sheriff Buford T. Justice (\"Smokey\"), with the presence of the Bandit merely being suggested through him being impersonated by Cledus (\"Snowman\"). The third film – which had no involvement from either Hal Needham or Sally Field and contained only a short cameo appearance by Burt Reynolds – revolved entirely around Jackie Gleason's character, was panned by critics, and was a box office bomb, earning only $7 million against a $9 million budget. Films Television spin-off films A series of four made-for-TV spin-off films (Bandit Goes Country, Bandit Bandit, Beauty and the Bandit, and Bandit's Silver Angel) were produced in 1994 for Universal Television's Action Pack with actor Brian Bloom playing a younger version of the Bandit. The three original films introduced two generations of the Pontiac Trans Am and the Dodge Stealth", "title": "Smokey and the Bandit (franchise)" }, { "docid": "18994322", "text": "The Bandit Run is a re-enactment of the journey portrayed in the 1977 film, Smokey and the Bandit. The re-enactment first took place on May 15, 2007, and has become an annual event. The re-enactment was the brainchild of David Hershey and Dave Hall who wanted to commemorate the 30-year anniversary of the classic film. Hall, of the website, Restore a Muscle Car and Hershey came up with the idea shortly after Hershey purchased his restored 1977 Pontiac Trans Am from him in 2006. 2007 Following the same route that the characters Bo \"the Bandit\" Darville (Burt Reynolds) and Cledus \"the Snowman\" Snow (Jerry Reed) made in the 1977 movie, a group of about 30 Trans Ams started out in Texarkana on May 15, 2007. There, they had a send-off at the Classic Car Museum. Both Texarkana mayors also got involved and gave a send-off speech to the group. Heading east on the three-day trip, they were joined by Hot Rod Magazine and Automobile Magazine. After an evening in Tupelo, the growing group of Bandit Runners received another send-off at the Tupelo Auto Museum on May 16. From there, they headed toward Birmingham, Alabama. There was a stop at the Talladega Superspeedway, where the Bandit Runners were given a tour of the museum, a group photo and lunch. Then, a short drive brought them to their destination, the Year One Facility, for the annual Year One Experience, a three-day event. The group in Atlanta totalled more than 100 Trans Ams and other cars. Local and national media was there to cover the event, and the Bandit Run was featured on Hot Rod TV and the DIY Network. To finish the weekend off, local Bandit Runner Tyler H gave the group a movie location tour around Atlanta, and visited some of the movie's most famous sites. References External links Official The Bandit Run website On This Run, Way More Bandits Than Smokeys (but No Beer) at The New York Times, May 27, 2007 Automotive events Smokey and the Bandit Texarkana", "title": "The Bandit Run" }, { "docid": "9617266", "text": "Taking Tiger Mountain by Strategy (Chinese: 智取威虎山; pinyin: zhì qǔ wēi hǔ shān) is a Peking opera play and one of the eight model plays allowed during the Chinese Cultural Revolution. The plot is based on parts of the popular novel Tracks in the Snowy Forest () by Qu Bo, which in turn, is based on the real-life story of an incident in 1946 during the communist campaign to suppress bandits in northeast China in the Chinese Civil War, involving a PLA reconnaissance soldier Yang Zirong () who disguised himself as a bandit to infiltrate a local gang of bandits, eventually helping the main communist force destroy the bandits. Unlike other characters depicted in the opera and novel, most of the names of both the protagonists and the bandits are real. A booklet Taking Tiger Mountain by Strategy was published in English by the Foreign Languages Press, Peking 1971. Described as \"revised collectively by the Taking Tiger Mountain by Strategy group of the Peking Opera Troupe of Shanghai (1970 script)\", it contains 16 colour photo reproductions, a list of persons in the cast, the script of the ten scenes, and the words and vocal music of nine selected songs. Also are explanatory notes and sketches about the Chinese percussion instruments played in the orchestra. Cast Yang Tzu-jung, scout platoon leader of the Chinese People's Liberatrion Army (PLA) Chief of Staff, PLA regimental chief of staff Li Yung-chi, railway worker Chang Pao, hunter's daughter Shen Teh-hua, PLA scout platoon deputy leader Medical Orderly, PLA girl medical orderly Young Kuo, PLA soldier Chung Chih-cheng, PLA soldier Lu Hung-yeh, PLA soldier Lo Chang-chiang, PLA soldier Other soldiers Hunter Chang, Chang Pao's father Mother Li, Li Yung-chi's mother Chang Ta-shan, railway worker Li Yung-chi's wife Other villagers Vulture, bandit chieftain of Tiger Mountain, leader of Kuomintang's \"Fifth Peace Preservation Brigade of the Eastern Heilungkiang Region\" Luan Ping, liaison adjutant under Horse Cudgel Hsu, bandit chieftain of Breast Mountain Bandit Chief of Staff Bandit Chief Adjutant Bandit Captain \"Terribles\" and other bandits Scenes Advancing in Victory – Winter, 1946 Chiapi Valley Pillaged – Dusk Asking About Bitterness – Afternoon Drawing Up a Plan – Early morning Up the Mountain – A few days later Into the Bandits' Lair – Immediately after the previous scene Arousing the Masses – Chiapi Valley Sending out Information – Dawn Off to the Attack – Morning Converging on Hundred Chickens Feast – Lunar New Year's Eve Adaptations A film version directed by Xie Tieli was released in 1970. A modern remake, The Taking of Tiger Mountain, directed by Hong Kong film director Tsui Hark was released on December 23, 2014. Brian Eno, who found a book of postcards from the opera in San Francisco, later used the title on his second solo album, Taking Tiger Mountain (By Strategy). A song from the opera was used in a version of The Lion King musical as performed in the Shanghai Disney Resort. References External links Images of the original postcards Revolutionary operas", "title": "Taking Tiger Mountain by Strategy" }, { "docid": "36306770", "text": "The Taking of Tiger Mountain () is a 2014 Chinese-Hong Kong epic action film directed by Tsui Hark, produced by Huang Jianxin and Yu Dong, and based on the novel Tracks in the Snowy Forest by Qu Bo. The story is based on a conflict between the People's Liberation Army of China and a bandit gang. It was released on December 23, 2014. Zhang Hanyu portrays Yang Zirong and Lin Gengxin takes on the role of Shao Jianbo, the two protagonists of the story. While Yang Zirong (1917–1947) is based on the real-life person, the other hero of the story Shao Jianbo is fictional, and Qu Bo created the character based on himself, as the story is seen through the point of view of Shao Jianbo. Bona Film Group bought the rights to the novel in 2009 and had been planning the adaptation since. Qu Bo's novel was also famously adapted into the opera Taking Tiger Mountain by Strategy, from which the film takes its title. Plot After the Japanese surrender following World War II, the People's Liberation Army must retake areas overrun by bandits who have raided the Japanese arsenals. Shao Jianbo, known by his codename Captain 203 after his unit, commands a group of 30 men. They are out of food and low on ammunition. One of their problems is resolved when they defeat a group of bandits dressed as the PLA who are guarding stores of ammunition. Reinforcements arrive via train in the form of Yang Zirong and Bai Ru, a combat medic, who are warmly greeted when they bring food. Captain 203 leads his men to the village raided by the bandits. Along the way, they meet a young boy who lost his family to bandit attacks. Though he initially distrusts the PLA soldiers, he warms to them after they rescue him from a bandit spy in the village. The villagers request that the soldiers stay and defeat the warlord Hawk, as they know he will return to raiding their village once the soldiers have left. From questioning the bandit spy, Captain 203 learns that Hawk seeks a map the spy was planning to give him. Zirong suggests that since the soldiers are vastly outnumbered and outgunned by the bandits, who are holed up in a fortress on Tiger Mountain, Captain 203 send him as a spy to infiltrate them, as he has previously infiltrated other local bandit groups. Captain 203 initially refuses but relents when Zirong resigns in protest. Zirong takes the bandit spy's map and sets up a location to exchange secret messages with the soldiers. Though the bandits are suspicious, they accept Zirong after he passes a series of tests. During one, Hawk sends Ma Qinglian, a woman he has kidnapped from the local village and made his unwilling wife, to tempt Zirong. Zirong recognizes her as the village boy's mother and, without revealing his true identity, indicates to her that her son is safe. Qinglian insists they escape immediately and return to", "title": "The Taking of Tiger Mountain" } ]

[ { "docid": "60914105", "text": "\"Pecos Promenade\" is a song written by Larry Collins, Snuff Garrett and Sandy Pinkard, and recorded by American country music artist Tanya Tucker, featuring an uncredited guest vocal from Glen Campbell. It was released in August 1980 as the first single from the soundtrack of the original film Smokey and the Bandit II. Background and recording Tanya Tucker first reached country music stardom in 1972 at age 13 with the top ten single \"Delta Dawn\". She followed it with a string of number one singles through the decade, including \"What's Your Mama's Name\", \"Blood Red and Goin' Down\". She also had a series of top ten singles, which continued after switching to MCA Records in the mid seventies. After crossing over into country rock with 1978's TNT, her commercial appear began to wane. She only had two hit singles in 1980. One of these recordings was the track \"Pecos Promenade\", which Tucker had cut for the soundtrack of the film, Smokey and the Bandit II. The song was written by Larry Collins, Snuff Garrett and Sandy Pinkard. The song was recorded in March 1980 in Nashville, Tennessee in sessions produced by Snuff Garrett. Release and chart performance \"Pecos Promenade\" appeared on the soundtrack of Smokey and the Bandit II in 1980. The song appeared as a single release by MCA in August 1980. It spent a total of 14 weeks on the American Billboard Hot Country Songs, climbing to the number ten position by November 1980. It was even more commercially-successful on the Canadian RPM Country chart, peaking at number seven around the same time. Track listing 7\" vinyl single \"Pecos Promenade\" – 2:27 \"The King of Country Music\" – 2:31 Chart performance References 1980 singles 1980 songs Tanya Tucker songs MCA Records singles Songs written by Snuff Garrett Song recordings produced by Snuff Garrett", "title": "Pecos Promenade" }, { "docid": "2476369", "text": "Bug-Eyed Bandit is the name of two supervillains appearing in American comic books published by DC Comics. A female version of the Bug-Eyed Bandit appeared in the Arrowverse shows The Flash and Arrow, played by Emily Kinney. Publication history The Bertram Larvan version of Bug-Eyed Bandit first appeared in The Atom #26 (August–September 1966) and was created by Gardner Fox and Gil Kane. The second version of Bug-Eyed Bandit first appeared in Justice League America #43 and was created by Keith Giffen, J.M. DeMatteis, and Adam Hughes. Fictional character biography Bertram Larvan Bertram Larvan was an inventor who designed a mechanical insect to control insect pests. Unfortunately, he had no financial backing to support his invention. He resolved to steal money he needed for his invention. He later used his invention to steal more. Soon, he had an army of mechanical insects. Two of his many insects were stag beetles who could bite through steel and spiders with webs that could support the weight of a man. Bertram took the name of the Bug-Eyed Bandit. He was thwarted by the Atom. Later, he accidentally discovered the Atom's identity of Ray Palmer and fought him on different occasions. When he was about to use an amnesiac gas he had invented on Atom, he accidentally uses it on himself. He remains in a state of amnesia for years. During the Crisis on Infinite Earths, millions of Shadow Demons, servants of the Anti-Monitor, attack the Earth. Bertram is one of the many casualties. Marv Wolfman has gone on record saying that he killed both the original Bug-Eyed Bandit and the Ten-Eyed Man because he “couldn’t be part of a company that would print [them]\". In Grant Morrison's Animal Man storyline \"Deus Ex Machina\", Psycho-Pirate, while in Arkham Asylum, recreated characters removed from continuity. The Bug-Eyed Bandit (or a Pre-Crisis version of him) was one of them. Presumably, this character vanished from existence when the Psycho-Pirate's episode of madness ended, along with his colleagues. A flashback concerning his death happens in Batman Villains Secret Files and Origins 2005. Bertram Larvan has been identified as one of the deceased entombed below the Hall of Justice. He is revived as a member of the Black Lantern Corps. Son of the Bug-Eyed Bandit The second Bug-Eyed Bandit is first presented as such in Adventures of Superman. But his first appearances can be traced as far back as Justice League America #43 (1990), where a Bug-Eyed Bandit appeared even though the original was supposed to be dead at the time. The current one is the son of the original Bug-Eyed Bandit, but not very successful. Bug-Eyed Bandit recently reappeared in Villains United and Infinite Crisis as a member of Alexander Luthor, Jr.'s Society. His current whereabouts are unknown. Powers and abilities The Bug-Eyed Bandit was proficient in the field of robotics and micro-circuitry and used this talent to create a horde of small robotic insects. In other media An unidentified incarnation of the Bug-Eyed Bandit appears in Batman:", "title": "Bug-Eyed Bandit" }, { "docid": "17967973", "text": "A bandit is a person who engages in banditry. Bandit, The Bandit or Bandits may also refer to: Arts and entertainment Film and television A Bandit, a 1913 short film starring Fatty Arbuckle The Bandit (1946 film), an Italian drama originally titled Il Bandito The Bandit (1996 film), a Turkish drama originally titled Eşkıya Bandits (1997 film), a German film directed by Katja von Garnier Bandits (2001 film), an American film directed by Barry Levinson Bandit (film), a Canadian film directed by Allan Ungar the lead character in the Smokey and the Bandit film franchise, originally played by Burt Reynolds Bandit (TV series), a Welsh language music television show Bandit Heeler, the father of the main character in the Australian television preschool series Bluey Bandit, a dog in the animated television series Jonny Quest and The New Adventures of Jonny Quest Bandit Princess, a character in the animated series Adventure Time episode \"I Am a Sword\" Music The Bandits, an English blues band Bandits (Belgian band), a Belgian band Bandit (band), a British rock band \"Bandit\" (Juice Wrld and YoungBoy Never Broke Again song), a song by Juice Wrld and YoungBoy Never Broke Again \"Bandit\" (Don Toliver song), 2024 song by Don Toliver The Bandit (rapper), an Australian rapper who placed sixth on Australia's Got Talent season 5 The Bandit (album), a 1972 country music album by The Nashville String Band \"The Bandit\" (song), a 2021 song by Kings of Leon from their album When You See Yourself Other The Bandits (ballet), first presented by the Imperial Ballet in 1875 Bandit (Yomiuriland), a roller coaster in Japan Bandits: Phoenix Rising, a 2002 racing video game Donyell Taylor, a Marvel comics mutant superhero known as Night Thrasher or Bandit Bandits (book), by Eric Hobsbawm discussing the history of social bandits Sports teams United States Baltimore Bandits, an American Hockey League team from 1995 to 1997 Bay Area Bandits, a Women's Football Alliance team Bend Bandits, a minor league baseball team based in Bend, Oregon, which played in the independent Western Baseball League from 1995 to 1998 Border City Bandits, a professional ice hockey team from Texarkana, Texas, which played in the Central Hockey League during the 2000–2001 season Boston Bandits, formerly the Bridgewater Bandits, a Tier III Junior A ice hockey team in the Eastern Hockey League Buffalo Bandits, a National Lacrosse League team Chicago Bandits, a women's professional softball team Chinese Bandits, a group of football players on the 1958 and 1959 LSU Tigers college team who achieved iconic status Gulf Coast Bandits, a defunct World Basketball Association team Jackson Bandits, an ice hockey team in the East Coast Hockey League Quad Cities River Bandits, a Class A minor league baseball team based in Davenport, Iowa San Angelo Bandits, a professional indoor football team based in San Angelo, Texas Sioux City Bandits, a professional indoor football team St. Louis Bandits (2006-2012) or Texarkana Bandits (2003-2006), a former Tier II Junior A ice hockey team in the North American Hockey League", "title": "Bandit (disambiguation)" }, { "docid": "5731190", "text": "Daniel J. Berthiaume (born January 26, 1966) is a Canadian former professional ice hockey goaltender who played six seasons in the National Hockey League (NHL) with the Winnipeg Jets, Minnesota North Stars, Los Angeles Kings, Boston Bruins, and Ottawa Senators. Playing career Known as \"The Bandit\" during his hockey career, Berthiaume was a standout goaltender in junior hockey, playing for the Drummondville Voltigeurs and Chicoutimi Saguenéens of the QMJHL. During the 1984-85 Berthiaume won 40 games for the Saguenéens, a feat made more impressive when you factor in that the team won 41 games that season. Following this impressive year, he was drafted 60th overall by the Winnipeg Jets in the 1985 NHL Entry Draft and then played his final year of Junior hockey then made his NHL debut that spring during the NHL playoffs. Winnipeg Jets The Jets faced the Calgary Flames in the first round and veteran goaltender Dan Bouchard started Game One but was relieved by Brian Hayward after giving up five goals. Hayward started Game 2 but after surrendering six goals, he was yanked, and Marc Behrend finished up the game. For Game 3, with the Jets on the brink of elimination, Berthiaume made his NHL debut and dazzled making 39-saves before ultimately losing in overtime when Hall of Famer Lanny McDonald found the back of the net. In the off-season, the Jets acquired Steve Penney from the Montreal Canadiens, and he was expected to be their starter, but Berthiaume and fellow rookie Eldon \"Pokey\" Reddick seized the job and formed a solid platoon, known as \"Pokey and the Bandit\" playing on the popular movie series Smokey and the Bandit. Berthiaume posted an impressive 18-7-3 record in 31 games during his rookie NHL season of 1986-87. During his second season in the NHL, Berthiaume assumed the starting job in Winnipeg and posted a career-best 22 wins. The following season he struggled and ended up spending the bulk of the year toiling in the minors while Reddick took over the starters job with the Jets and veteran Alain Chevrier and rookie Bob Essensa supported him. Berthiaume was back with the Jets for the 1989-90 season, but Essensa was now the club's starting netminder. Berthiaume came under fire for allegedly swearing at children seeking his autograph. On January 22, 1990 he was traded to the Minnesota North Stars for future considerations.Mike Smith, general manager of the Jets, said Berthiaume's trade was related to his off-ice actions. The goalie apologized on television for swearing at autograph seekers, then a day later denied the incident took place and said he had been ordered to apologize by team management. Minnesota North Stars Goaltender Jon Casey handled the bulk of the duties for the North Stars so Berthiuame appeared in just five games for Minnesota, managing just one win and a mediocre 3.50 goals against average. Prior to the start of the 1990-91 training camp, Berthiaume was traded to the Los Angeles Kings for Craig Duncanson. Los Angeles Kings With the Kings,", "title": "Daniel Berthiaume" }, { "docid": "15062827", "text": "Dawn Sears (born Dawn Marie Skari; December 7, 1961 – December 11, 2014) was an American country music singer. In addition to her work as a backing vocalist in Vince Gill's band, she recorded four solo studio albums, of which two were released on major labels. She had one single that charted on the Billboard Hot Country Songs charts. Biography Dawn Marie Skari was born in East Grand Forks, Minnesota. She began her career in 1990 with the album What a Woman Wants to Hear on Warner Bros. Records. The album produced two minor singles. Because of her debut album's poor performance, Sears had decided to leave the country music scene. However, she later received a call from Vince Gill, who had asked her to join his road band as a harmony vocalist. According to information provided by Thomas \"Duke\" Miller, a TV/movie/celebrity expert, Sears was also known for her song \"Another Dream Away\", which became a theme song for the newer \"Bandit\" movies starring Brian Bloom. The movies were a reissue to cash in on the \"Smokey And The Bandit\" franchise. In addition to singing harmony on Gill's 1992 album I Still Believe in You, Sears provided duet vocals on the track \"An Out of Control Raging Fire\" on Tracy Byrd's 1994 debut album. In 1994, she was signed as the first act on Decca Records' newly revived country music branch. Her second album, 1994's Nothin' But Good, was issued on Decca, and its lead-off single, \"Runaway Train\", entered the country music charts. Other singles from the album were unsuccessful, and Dawn exited Decca's roster not long afterward. A self-titled album was released independently in 2002, followed by her first Christmas album. Sears returned to her work as a backup vocalist for Gill. She made appearances on several of Gill's albums, including his 2003 album Next Big Thing. Sears also performed with The Time Jumpers. In February 2012, Sears was diagnosed with lung cancer, which was diagnosed as Stage 3B in March 2013. She died in Gallatin, Tennessee on December 11, 2014, aged 53. Sears was married to Kenny Sears (a Time Jumpers bandmate), and had a daughter, Tess. Discography Albums Singles Music videos References External links 1961 births 2014 deaths People from East Grand Forks, Minnesota American women country singers American country singer-songwriters Decca Records artists Warner Records artists Country musicians from Minnesota Deaths from lung cancer in Tennessee Singer-songwriters from Minnesota 21st-century American women The Time Jumpers members", "title": "Dawn Sears" }, { "docid": "45390106", "text": "A Desperate Crime (), also known as Histoire d'un crime, was a 1906 French silent film directed by Georges Méliès. Plot As night falls on a farmyard in the French countryside, four masked bandits climb over the gate and break into the farmhouse. They bind and gag the farmer and his wife, and stab a male and female servant who attempt to help their masters. In an attempt to get the farmer to divulge where he has his money hidden, the bandits burn his feet with embers from the fireplace, but the farmer remains silent. When the bandits threaten to do the same to the farmer's young daughter, the farmer's wife gives in and reveals the money's hiding place. The bandits gather the money; just as they are attempting to flee, the farmer's wife tears off the bandit chief's mask, revealing his face. In retaliation for the unmasking, the bandit chief sets the house on fire, and the bandits escape in the confusion. The bandits return to their hideout in an abandoned quarry, warning the rest of their gang that policemen are on their track. The police soon break into the hideout, and a large fight ensues. The bandit chief escapes with the few gang members who have survived of the fight, with the surviving policemen in pursuit. The bandits flee through the quarry into the mountains. The chief is finally ambushed by hiding policemen, captured, and put on trial. The farmer's wife, the only survivor of the fire in the farmhouse, identifies the bandit, and he is sentenced to death. The bandit chief, after a night tormented by dreams of his crimes, is led to the guillotine, executed, and thrown into an unmarked grave. Production Méliès's greatest financial successes had occurred in 1903 and 1904; by 1906, his fortunes had begun to decline as competition with other firms, such as Pathé Frères and Gaumont, became more intense. In an attempt to keep financially afloat, Méliès expanded from his usual fantasy style to try making films in the genres his competitors had made popular, including the melodramas A Desperate Crime and The Christmas Angel and the chase film The Chimney Sweep. According to the 1944 recollections of Georges Méliès's nephew Paul, the scenario for A Desperate Crime was written by Gaston Méliès (Georges's brother and Paul's father). Méliès's American catalogue claimed that the crime in the film was based on a real-life incident. The film is heavily indebted to Histoire d'un crime, a 1901 film by Méliès's competitor Ferdinand Zecca; the plot closely follows the events of the earlier film, differing only in the details of the crime itself. On the other hand, Méliès's film is stylistically very different from Zecca's, which uses a faster pace and a more stringent insistence on journalistic realism. The actor Manuel, who directed some films for the Méliès studio in 1908, plays the main role of the bandit who is arrested and executed. Georges Méliès probably plays the executioner's assistant. In a highly unusual", "title": "A Desperate Crime" }, { "docid": "25228674", "text": "The Triumph Bandit was a British motorcycle manufactured as a prototype by Triumph in 1970. Originally designed by Edward Turner (who was already retired from Triumph) as his last project it was subsequently substantially modified at Triumph by a greatly critical Bert Hopwood and Doug Hele. Despite their work, the Bandit never went into commercial production, and only five have survived, making them very rare. Doug Hele stated that the model was dropped because design doubts such as the rapid wear of contact breaker points, did not justify the 'real money' cost of dies for components such as cylinder heads, the company then being in 'real financial trouble'. This was despite the fact that Hele had initially expected full production to follow after twelve pre-production models were made. Indeed, the Bandit was included in the 1971 brochure and publicity photographs taken at Umberslade Hall featuring British speedway rider and Triumph production tester Tony Lomas with British model Carol Cleveland (famous for British TV comedy Monty Python) had already been produced. Hopwood did note that the production release date was constantly delayed from spring 1971 with even autumn 1972 suggested gravely affecting BSA-Triumph's credibility with dealers especially in the critical US market. It has also been suggested that the model name was to have been Toledo but that had been taken by the Triumph car company and that the Bandit name was intended for the equivalent BSA model instead. Description Launched in 1971 the 5-speed, double overhead cam twin cylinder Triumph Bandit delivered and could reach . Essentially the same motorcycle as the BSA Fury, the Bandit represented the factory's last attempt to compete against Japanese imports. The only contemporary road test was by American magazine Cycle Guide in their March 1971 issue upon a visit to the Triumph and BSA factories at Meriden and Small Heath, respectively. The Bandit's petrol tank colour scheme was Cypress Green (although Cycle World identified it as Jealous Green ) with white-lined black scallops above and below a metal Triumph badge with a chrome styling strip running down the top of the tank. The same paint scheme applied to the mudguards with a white-lined black stripe running down through their centre. The side panels were silver painted with black 'tombstone' style lettering stating the model name and engine size: 'Bandit 350'. The engine was all-alloy as opposed to Triumph's other twins that relied upon an iron barrel and considered by Cycle Guide to be 'beautifully finished' and 'a real thing of beauty'. Cycle Guide criticised the retention of a traditionally Triumph vertically split crankcase halves rather than adopting the Japanese practice of horizontally splitting them. Despite this, it was noted that the engine was oil tight. The small diameter instruments and foot pegs thought mounted too far forward came in for criticism as did the poor conical hub rear brake performance, unlike the 'great' front brake. Lever travel between gears was felt to be too long although the clutch operation was 'silky smooth'. The electrical", "title": "Triumph Bandit" }, { "docid": "43112088", "text": "Pagsanjan Arch also known as Puerto Real or Arco Real is a historic town gate of Pagsanjan, Laguna, Philippines built from 1878 to 1880 under the supervision of Fray Cipriano Bac. The arch was built by the people of Pagsanjan to express gratitude to their patroness, the Our Lady of Guadalupe, from protecting the town from bandits in 1877. Location The arch is located at the western entrance of the town along the National Highway. It leads to Rizal Street (formerly Calle Real) of the town. History The Story of the Bandits and the Virgin of Guadalupe Bandits (or tulisanes) were rampant in Laguna during the last years of the Spanish colonization. Even the guardia civil at that time cannot control the acts of the tulisanes. On midnight of December 8, 1877, a group of bandits led by Tangkad who already plundered the nearby town of Majayjay is nearly approaching the western entrance of Pagsanjan. When the bandits are approaching the town, a beautiful lady dressed in white and holding a shining sword appeared to them. Using her sword, she drew a line and proclaimed that the town is under her protection. The bandits experienced fear and immediately went to the mountains. Mang Juan, a sabungero who lives near the western entrance saw the whole event because of his insomnia that night. He told the event to the Spanish cura who later told it to the government authorities. All of them do not believe the story of Mang Juan until they went to the exact site and saw the mark of the Virgin's sword. To express their gratitude to their patroness, the Virgin of Guadalupe, they built a stone gate on the exact site where they saw the mark of the Virgin's sword. Construction and Restoration of the Arch Under the supervision of a Franciscan priest, Fray Cipriano Bac and Don Manuel de Yriarte, the Pagsanjan Arch was built from 1878 to 1880 by the town people through forced labor or polo y servicio. It was also known as Puerta Real or Royal Gate during the Spanish and American occupation. During the Japanese liberation of the town, municipal authorities vandalized the historic gate by having it painted in a gaudy pink color, including the coat-of-arms and the two Castillan lions. The word Pagsanjan and the years of its construction, 1878–1880, written below it on the upper part of the gate's western facade were defaced and replaced with the greeting, \"Welcome\", and on the eastern side, \"Thank U, Come Again\". Historian Gregorio F. Zaide, a native of the town, started a project to restore the historic gate through Pagsanjeños in Manila who generously gave ₱5,000. Upon obtaining permission from the National Historic Institute (now National Historical Commission of the Philippines), the restoration process commenced under the supervision of Engr. Tito Rivera and was completed on May 25, 1975. A large copper plaque was placed on the wall of the first arch to thank the donors. Today, the Pagsanjan arch still stands", "title": "Pagsanjan Arch" }, { "docid": "44415985", "text": "\"Real Love\" is a song by English electronic group Clean Bandit and English singer and songwriter Jess Glynne. It was released on 16 November 2014 as a joint single, taken from the special edition of the group's album New Eyes and Glynne's album I Cry When I Laugh. The two previously collaborated on \"Rather Be\". \"Real Love\" reached number one in Israel and in the UK Dance Chart. Background After the huge success of Clean Bandit's song \"Rather Be\", which Glynne featured on, they decided to collaborate again after the writing collective The Six presented them with \"Real Love\". It was released on 16 November 2014 as a digital download. Commercial performance On the UK Singles Chart, the song debuted at number two, becoming Clean Bandit's third UK top 10 hit and Glynne's fourth. As of November 2016, its UK sales stand at over 682,000. The song made the top 40 in several European countries, managing to reach a height of number two in Germany. It also reached number 13 in Australia. In 2015, it was released on US dance radio and peaked at number 20 on the Dance Club Songs chart. Music video The music video was made by Clean Bandit and features some of their fans kissing, interspersed with clips of Clean Bandit and Glynne performing the song in a studio. The video was released on 20 October 2014 and has since then received nearly 80 million views on YouTube as of March 2018. Cover versions In 2015, Lower Than Atlantis released a Live Lounge performance of the song on the 2015 reissue of their self-titled album. For a short time, a bootleg from producer 5erg was released on iTunes without permission from Clean Bandit. It was later taken down. Track listing Charts Weekly charts Year-end charts Certifications Release history References 2014 songs Clean Bandit songs Jess Glynne songs Number-one singles in Israel Songs written by Jin Jin (musician) Songs written by Richard Boardman Songs written by Jack Patterson (Clean Bandit) Songs written by Jess Glynne Songs written by Grace Chatto Songs written by Sarah Blanchard Songs written by Robert Harvey (musician) Songs written by Starsmith", "title": "Real Love (Clean Bandit and Jess Glynne song)" }, { "docid": "68821313", "text": "Angelo Ross (March 12, 1911 – September 23, 1989) was an American film editor and sound engineer. He was nominated for an Academy Award in the category Best Film Editing for the film Smokey and the Bandit. Ross died in September 1989 in Hollywood, Florida, at the age of 78. Selected filmography Smokey and the Bandit (1977; co-nominated with Walter Hannemann) References External links 1911 births 1989 deaths American film editors American audio engineers 20th-century American engineers", "title": "Angelo Ross" }, { "docid": "888127", "text": "Rx Bandits are a band based in Seal Beach, California, United States. The band formed in 1995 in Orange County, California. They have appeared on the Vans Warped Tour, at the Bonnaroo Music and Arts Festival, Coachella Valley Music and Arts Festival, and The Bamboozle. In the UK they have appeared at Reading/Leeds Festival & Slam Dunk Festival. History Early years (1995-1999) Originally known as The Pharmaceutical Bandits, the band began their career by participating in the third wave ska revival of the 1990s. In 1996, they released their first studio album, the self-produced Demo(nstration). In 1997, they released Those Damn Bandits, which featured guest appearances by Jimmy the Robot of the Aquabats and Chris Colonnier of Jeffries Fan Club and The Forces of Evil. Noting the Bandits' potential, a Los Angeles Times review of the album said \"Now comes a young, talented ska band, the Pharmaceutical Bandits. It would be OK with me if the Grinch spared them but swiped their ska records and left a shelf of Who, Clash, Bob Marley, Elvis Costello and Neil Young.\" Matt Embree attended Los Alamitos High School, which was an incubator for other third wave ska bands such as Reel Big Fish, Save Ferris, and The Scholars. Drive-Thru years (1999-2006) In 1998, the band released Halfway Between Here and There. On this album, the band began to branch out beyond the third wave ska sound. The album's success allowed them to tour with well-known acts such as The Bloodhound Gang, Goldfinger, and Reel Big Fish, and later to headline shows with up-and-comers such as New Found Glory and Freakdaddy frequently opening for them. In 1999, the album was re-released with a new track list, 2 remastered songs, and new artwork. The '99 release was released under the band's new name—Rx Bandits. In the time between Halfway Between Here and There and their next release, Progress, bassist Franz Worth and saxophonist Noah Gaffney left the band. Worth was replaced by James Salomone, formerly of My Superhero. Gaffney's position was left open. In June 2000, the band toured the US with Edna's Goldfish and the Gadjits. With 2001's Progress, the band continued to expand their sound. The album contained the song \"Analog Boy\", which was made into one of their three music videos. At this point, the band consisted of Embree, Tsagakis, Balling, and Salomone. The album included a number of guest performers, including former member Noah Gaffney. Shortly after the release of the album, Chris Sheets joined the band on trombone as well as Steve Choi on guitar and keyboards. Choi had played keyboards on the demos for Progress, but when it came time to record, they decided instead to have Rich Zahniser of The Hippos, who was touring with the band, play on the album. Chris Colonnier also played with the band at times, filling the same role as Zahniser. Soon after they gained the new members, James Salomone and Rich Balling left the band. They had many temporary replacements for Salomone,", "title": "Rx Bandits" }, { "docid": "1147495", "text": "Hal Brett Needham (March 6, 1931 – October 25, 2013) was an American stuntman, film director, actor, writer, and NASCAR team owner. He is best known for his frequent collaborations with actor Burt Reynolds, usually in films involving fast cars, such as Smokey and the Bandit (1977), Hooper (1978), The Cannonball Run (1981) and Stroker Ace (1983). In his later years, Needham moved out of stunt work, and focused his energy on the world land speed record project. In 2001, Needham received a Lifetime Achievement Award from the Taurus World Stunt Awards, and in 2012, he was awarded a Governors Award by the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences. Early years Needham was born in Memphis, Tennessee, the son of Edith May (née Robinson) and Howard Needham. He was the youngest of three children. Raised in Arkansas and Missouri, Needham served in the United States Army as a paratrooper during the Korean War, worked as a treetopper (an arborist who performs tree topping services), and was a billboard model for Viceroy Cigarettes while beginning a career in Hollywood as a motion picture stuntman. Career Needham's first break was as the stunt double for actor Richard Boone on the popular TV western Have Gun, Will Travel. Needham trained under John Wayne's stunt double Chuck Roberson and quickly became one of the top stuntmen of the 1960s on such films as How the West Was Won, The Bridge at Remagen, McLintock!, The War Lord, and Little Big Man. He doubled regularly for Clint Walker and Burt Reynolds. He played a cowboy in an episode of the TV Western Gunsmoke (S8E36 - “The Odyssey of Jubal Tanner”). Needham moved into stunt coordinating and directing second unit action, while designing and introducing air bags and other innovative equipment to the industry. Needham at one time lived in Reynolds' guesthouse for the better part of 12 years. In 1971, he and fellow stuntmen Glenn Wilder and Ronnie Rondell formed Stunts Unlimited. Needham had written a screenplay titled Smokey and the Bandit and his friend Reynolds offered him the chance to direct. The film was a huge hit, and the two followed it with Hooper, Smokey and the Bandit II, The Cannonball Run, and Stroker Ace. Needham also directed the TV pilots Stunts Unlimited (1980) and Stockers (1981), neither of which was picked up as a series. His final theatrical release as director was the 1986 BMX film Rad. In 1977, Gabriel Toys introduced the \"Hal Needham Western Movie Stunt Set\" complete with a cardboard old west saloon movie set, lights and props, a toy movie camera and a spring-launched Hal Needham action figure that would break through a balcony railing, land on breakaway table and chairs and crash through a window. They were only manufactured for a short time and have since become highly collectible. Needham moved out of stunt work, focusing his energy on the World Land Speed Record project that eventually became the Budweiser Rocket, driven by stuntman Stan Barrett. The team", "title": "Hal Needham" }, { "docid": "10739435", "text": "James Lee Barrett (November 19, 1929 – October 15, 1989) was an American author, producer and screenwriter. Biography Barrett was born in 1929 in Charlotte, North Carolina and graduated in 1950 from Anderson University (South Carolina). Prior to his career as a screenwriter, he served in the United States Marines. His first screenplay (based on his teleplay The Murder of a Sand Flea) was for the 1957 film, The D.I., which starred Jack Webb as a Marine Corps drill instructor at MCRD Parris Island. Barrett had been on Parris Island as a recruit in 1950 and served in the Korean War. Barrett, along with Peter Udell and Phillip Rose won the 1975 Tony Award for Best Book of a Musical for Shenandoah, which was based on his 1965 film by the same name, which starred James Stewart. Other notable works written or co-written by Barrett include the 1965 epic film The Greatest Story Ever Told, Smokey and the Bandit, The Green Berets, Bandolero! and co-writing On the Beach. Barrett also scripted a made-for-TV remake of The Defiant Ones (which starred Carl Weathers and Robert Urich in the Sidney Poitier and Tony Curtis roles), and adapted the 1967 movie In the Heat of the Night for a weekly series. (The show starred Carroll O'Connor and Howard Rollins, in the Rod Steiger and Sidney Poitier roles.) Barrett wrote and produced ...tick...tick...tick..., a similarly themed Southern crime drama starring Jim Brown and George Kennedy. Death Barrett died in Templeton, California in 1989 of cancer, aged 59. Select Credits Chevron Hall of Stars - \"Cold Harbor\" (1956) Chevron Hall of Stars - \"Heart of a Dream\" (1956) Kraft Theatre - \"The Murder of a Sand Flea\" (1956) Kraft Theatre - \"Teddy Bear\" (1956) The D.I. (1957) Kraft Theatre - \"Run, Joe, Run\" (1958) Kraft Theatre - \"Dog in a Bus Tunnel\" (1958) Outlaws - \"The Avenger\" (1961) Checkmate - \"Hot Wind on a Cold Town\" (1964) The Greatest Story Ever Told (1965) The Truth About Spring (1965) Shenandoah (1965) Bandolero! (1968) The Green Berets (1968) The Undefeated (1969) ...tick... tick... tick... (1970) - also produced The Cheyenne Social Club (1970) - also produced Fools' Parade (1971) - also produced Something Big (1971) - also produced The Cowboys (1974) - various episodes Shenandoah (1974) (musical) Smokey and the Bandit (1977) The Awakening Land (1978) Stubby Pringle's Christmas (1978) Mayflower: The Pilgrims' Adventure (1979) Wild Horse Hank (1979) The Day Christ Died (1980) Belle Starr (1980) Angel City (1980) You Are the Jury (1984) - episode The Defiant Ones (1986) Stagecoach (1986) Vengeance: The Story of Tony Cimo (1986) Our House (1986–88) - creator The Quick and the Dead (1987) Poker Alice (1987) April Morning (1988) In the Heat of the Night (1988–95) - developed for television Ruby Jean and Joe (1996) Warden of Red Rock (2001) See also List of famous U.S. Marines References External links 1929 births 1989 deaths American male screenwriters Anderson University (South Carolina) alumni Tony Award winners United States Marines Deaths", "title": "James Lee Barrett" }, { "docid": "8714254", "text": "Home Alone is the title of several tie-in video games based on the film of the same name written by John Hughes. Versions were released for the Nintendo Entertainment System, Game Boy, Super Nintendo Entertainment System, Master System, Sega Genesis, Game Gear, Amiga, and MS-DOS platforms. The games were released between 1991 and 1992, each with different gameplay. Plot and gameplay There are multiple versions of the game and each features a different style of gameplay, but all share the same plot and roughly the same objective from the film: Kevin McCallister is left home alone when his family goes on Christmas vacation to Paris. He must prevent Harry and Marv, the \"Wet Bandits\", from burgling his home, using various household objects as traps and/or weapons. Versions Super NES In the Super NES version, the goal is to evade the Wet Bandits while bringing all the McCallister's fortunes from the house down to the safe room in the basement. Once all items have been sent down the chute to the basement, Kevin must make it past rats, bats, spiders, and ghosts he encounters in the basement, then fight a boss so he can make it to the safe room to lock away all of his family's riches. Personal computer In the Home Alone game for the PC, the player is given from 8:00 to 9:00 (approximately five minutes of real time) to set up traps in order to hurt the Wet Bandits once they arrive. No further setting of traps is possible after this period. Each trap can only be triggered once and they all inflict a single point of damage. Marv and Harry arrive separately at the two entrances to the house. If the player touches either of Bandits, Kevin is caught and the game immediately ends in defeat. Hurting a Bandit ten times will permanently incapacitate him. The ultimate objective is to incapacitate both burglars. The player can trigger their own traps, resulting in no harmful effects, but the trap will instantly disappear. If the player has too few remaining traps to sufficiently hurt each Bandit, the game will continue, but victory will be impossible. Following a game, the player may enter their names into a high score list. The position on the list is determined by whether the game was a win or a loss, by the time taken to defeat the Bandits, and by the total damage the player inflicted. NES In the version for the NES, the player must avoid being caught by Harry and Marv for 20 minutes. During this time, Kevin can set various traps using items scattered around the house, each with a different corresponding strength and allowing the person tripping them to be knocked unconscious longer. Kevin can also hide behind certain parts of the house, but only for two consecutive turns; any other concurrent passings will result in a game over. Some copies of the NES version have two different \"game over\" screens; one having Kevin McCallister performing his trademark", "title": "Home Alone (video game)" }, { "docid": "37183403", "text": "Neograss is a progressive rock band from Norway, formed in 2010 with members Emil Bekkevold (banjo, vocals), Tore Morten Andreassen (guitar, mellotron), Benjamin Mørk (mellotron/piano/keyboards) Åsmund Wilter Eriksson (double bass) and Aleksander Kostopoulos (drums). The latter two are also known from the Sami group Adjágas. Neograss released their debut album \"The Sea of Tranquility\" in August 2010, where they try to blend two very seemingly so different genres: bluegrass and prog rock. History Neograss was originally formed in 2006 by Emil and Tore-Morten as a pure bluegrass band called \"Neograss Unit\". They were soon reinforced with Åsmund and Aleksander, and started adding progressive elements like mellotron and china-cymbals. This resulted in a namechange and the release of \"The Sea of Tranquility\" in 2010. Benjamin Mørk (mellotron/piano) joined the band for their second release, \"Smokey Reeds the Bandit\" in 2011, an album where they pay tribute to the late Jerry Reed. Silent film During TIFF's Silent Film Days 2011 at \"Verdensteatret\" in Tromsø, Neograss and the thrashmetalband Defender kicked off the festival with a newly written soundtrack to the silent film \"The Lost World\". This concert was released as a livealbum in 2012. Superstition In February 2012 Neograss themed up with Tromsø Chamber Orchestra and recorded the album \"Overtru fra Yttersia\" (superstition from the coast), an album where they tell the tales and myths from the northern part of Norway about Draugen, Nøkken and Hulder. This is the first album sung in their native language. Discography Studio albums The Sea of Tranquility (2010) Smokey Reeds the Bandit (2011) Atlantis (2011) Overtru fra Yttersia (2012) Draumkvedet (2015) Talisman (2021) Live albums Neograss & Defender – The Lost World (2012) Live in Tromsø 2012 (2012) Other Future Soundscapes (Holistic Remix) (single – 2012) Legenden (Holistic Remix) (single – 2012) Snowman (single – 2013) Line-up Emil Bekkevold (vocals/banjo/dulcimer/willow flute) Tore-Morten Andreassen (guitar/mellotron) Åsmund Wilter Eriksson (double bass) Aleksander Kostopoulos (drums) Benjamin Mørk (mellotron/piano/keyboard) Kjetil Andreassen (guitar) References External links Neograss' website Musical groups established in 2010 2010 establishments in Norway Norwegian progressive rock groups", "title": "Neograss" }, { "docid": "37404815", "text": "\"Charlotte's Web\" is a song written by Snuff Garrett, Cliff Crofford and John Durrill, and recorded by American country music group The Statler Brothers. It was released in July 1980 as the first single from the album 10th Anniversary. The song reached #5 on the Billboard Hot Country Singles & Tracks chart. It also appeared on the soundtrack to Smokey and the Bandit II. Chart performance References 1980 singles The Statler Brothers songs Songs written by Snuff Garrett Song recordings produced by Jerry Kennedy Mercury Records singles 1980 songs Smokey and the Bandit", "title": "Charlotte's Web (song)" }, { "docid": "5744997", "text": "Burdette may refer to: Burdette (name), a list of people with the given name or surname \"Big Enos\" and \"Little Enos\" Burdette, characters in the 1980 film Smokey and the Bandit II Burdette, a character on It's a Big Big World, an American children's television series Burdette, Arkansas, United States, a town Burdette, West Virginia, United States, an unincorporated community Burdette Building, Simpsonville, South Carolina, United States, on the National Register of Historic Places Burdette Park, Vanderburgh County, Indiana, United States, a municipal park See also Burdett (disambiguation)", "title": "Burdette" }, { "docid": "39547198", "text": "The Bandit Trail is a 1941 American western film directed by Edward Killy. Plot A cowboy helps rob a bank to get revenge on an unscrupulous banker. Cast Tim Holt as Steve Haggerty Ray Whitley as Smokey Janet Waldo as Ellen Grant Lee 'Lasses' White as Whopper Morris Ankrum as Red Haggerty Roy Barcroft as Joel Nesbitt Glenn Strange as Gang member References External list 1941 films 1941 Western (genre) films American Western (genre) films RKO Pictures films Films directed by Edward Killy Films produced by Bert Gilroy American black-and-white films 1940s American films 1940s English-language films", "title": "The Bandit Trail" }, { "docid": "7319600", "text": "Social banditry or social crime is a form of social resistance involving behavior that by law is illegal but is supported by wider \"oppressed\" society as moral and acceptable. The term \"social bandit\" was invented by the Marxist historian Eric Hobsbawm and introduced in his books Primitive Rebels (1959) and Bandits (1969). Hobsbawm characterized social banditry as a primitive form of class struggle and resistance in pre-industrial and frontier societies. Social banditry is a widespread phenomenon that has occurred in many societies throughout recorded history, and forms of social banditry still exist, as evidenced by piracy and organized crime syndicates. Later, social scientists have also discussed the term's applicability to more modern forms of crime, like street gangs and the economy associated with the trade in illegal drugs. Eric Hobsbawm Hobsbawm's key thesis was that outlaws were individuals living on the edges of rural societies by robbing and plundering, who ordinary people often see as heroes or beacons of popular resistance. He called it a form of \"pre-historic social movement\", by contrast with the organized labour movement. Hobsbawm's book discusses the bandit as a symbol and mediated idea; some of the outlaws he refers to are Pancho Villa, Lampião, Ned Kelly, Dick Turpin, Juraj Jánošík, Sándor Rózsa, Billy the Kid, and Carmine Crocco, among others. The colloquial sense of an outlaw as bandit or brigand is the subject of the following passage by Hobsbawm: The point about social bandits is that they are peasant outlaws whom the lord and state regard as criminals, but who remain within peasant society, and are considered by their people as heroes, as champions, avengers, fighters for justice, perhaps even leaders of liberation, and in any case as men to be admired, helped and supported. This relation between the ordinary peasant and the rebel, outlaw and robber is what makes social banditry interesting and significant ... Social banditry of this kind is one of the most universal social phenomena known to history. Criticism Historians and anthropologists such as John S. Koliopoulos and Paul Sant Cassia have criticised the social bandit theory, emphasising the frequent use of bandits as armatoloi by Ottoman authorities in suppressing the peasantry in defence of the central state. Sant Cassia observed that Mediterranean bandits \"are often romanticized afterward through nationalistic rhetoric and texts which circulate and have a life of their own, giving them a permanence and potency which transcends their localized domain and transitory nature\". In Hobsbawm's case, the romanticisation was political rather than nationalistic, yet the fluid, ambiguous figure of the bandit remains. Historic examples Giuseppe Musolino, infamous Calabrian brigand Robin Hood Brigandage in the Two Sicilies, peasant rebellion developed in southern Italy in the early 19th century Sardinian banditry Dacoity, Indian bandits who portrayed themselves (and were portrayed by the media) as social bandits Veerappan, an Indian bandit who portrayed himself as a representative of a community against oppresion Expropriative anarchism, the practice of robbery and scams in Argentina and Spain Cangaço, social banditry in Northeast Region, Brazil", "title": "Social banditry" }, { "docid": "40499838", "text": "Wolves of the Rail is a 1918 American silent Western film produced, directed by, and starring William S. Hart. Thomas H. Ince assisted Hart in supervising the production. Plot As described in a film magazine, \"Buck\" Andrade (Hart), an outlaw, promises his dying mother (Midgley) that he will reform himself. Taking a letter of introduction from a wounded man, he becomes a detective for the railroad, which he had previously held up several times. He is successful in capturing several bandits and also wins the love of Faith Lawson (Vale), who is a towerman (a type of railroad signalman). When the real detective recovers from his wounds and returns to duty, he discloses the true identity of Buck. Buck attempts to escape, but an attack on the railroad by his old gang forces him to remain. After he captures all of them, president of the railroad Murray Lemantier (MacDowell) assists by allowing Buck to escape. Cast William S. Hart as \"Buck\" Andrade C. Norman Hammond as David Cassidy William Elmer as Pablo Trilles (credited as Billy Elmer) Melbourne MacDowell as Murray Lemantier Vola Vale as Faith Lawson Kisaburo Kurihara as Pasquale Trilles Fanny Midgley as Buck's Mother (uncredited) Reception Like many American films of the time, Wolves of the Rail was subject to cuts by city and state film censorship boards. For example, the Chicago Board of Censors required a cut, in Reel 1, of beams on rail tracks, first three scenes of handling loot, Buck shooting Mexican bandits, two scenes of shooting Buck from horse, flagging train, holding up engineer, three scenes of holdup of train, Buck blowing tobacco smoke into detective's face, Buck shooting detective, Reel 4, two intertitles \"Renegade deserter from the garrison\" etc. and \"That train will never get here—we'll wreck it\", holdup of engineer in cab, fourteen scenes of Mexican bandits shooting at train, two scenes of bandits falling after Buck shoots, Reel 5, holdup of engine, six scenes of bandits shooting at train, intertitle \"I'm going to kill you with my hands\", and Buck choking bandits. Survival status A print of Wolves of the Rail is held by the Library of Congress and the Gosfilmofond archive. References External links Still of a scene in the film (University of Washington, Sayre collection) 1918 films 1918 Western (genre) films Films directed by William S. Hart Paramount Pictures films American black-and-white films Silent American Western (genre) films 1910s American films", "title": "Wolves of the Rail" }, { "docid": "151075", "text": "Monteagle is a town in Franklin, Grundy, and Marion counties in the U.S. state of Tennessee, in the Cumberland Plateau region of the southeastern part of the state. The population was 1,238 at the 2000 census – 804 of the town's 1,238 residents (64.9%) lived in Grundy County, 428 (34.6%) in Marion County, and 6 (0.5%) in Franklin County. The population at the 2020 census was 1,393. The Marion County portion of Monteagle is part of the Chattanooga–GA Metropolitan Statistical Area, while the Franklin County portion is part of the Tullahoma, TN Micropolitan Statistical Area. Monteagle is famous for the treacherous stretch of Interstate 24 that passes through the town. It is here that the highway passes over what is colloquially referred to as \"The Monteagle\" or \"Monteagle Mountain\", a section of the southern Cumberland Plateau which is a major landmark on the road between Chattanooga and Nashville. The interstate regularly shuts down in inclement weather, routing traffic onto U.S. Route 41. In the Jerry Reed song \"The Legend\", which is the opening track in the film Smokey and the Bandit, Reed tells the story of the Bandit miraculously surviving brake failure on the \"Monteagle Grade\". There is also a song called \"Monteagle Mountain\" by Johnny Cash on the album Boom Chicka Boom. The town is home to DuBose Conference Center and the Monteagle Sunday School Assembly. The Highlander Folk School, long involved in the labor movement and the civil rights movement, was located here from 1932 to 1961. Rosa Parks attended workshops there shortly before the Montgomery Bus Boycott. History Monteagle has long served as a popular point to cross the Cumberland Plateau due to its location along a relatively narrow stretch of the plateau in southern Tennessee. One of the last groups of Cherokees removed from the Southeastern United States along the Trail of Tears passed through what is now Monteagle en route to Oklahoma in late October 1838. This group consisted of approximately 700 Cherokee led by John Bell and escorted by U.S. Army Lieutenant Edward Deas. The town of Monteagle was originally known as \"Moffat Station\" after John Moffat, a Scottish-Canadian temperance activist who purchased over of land in the area in 1870. In 1872, Moffat donated of land to Fairmount College, a women's college that had decided to relocate to the area from Jackson, Mississippi. The grounds of the school are now home to the DuBose Conference Center, named for one of the school's early pastors. In 1882, the Chautauqua-inspired Monteagle Sunday School Assembly was established to train Sunday school teachers. The name of Moffat Station was later changed to \"Mount Eagle\", and afterwards to \"Mounteagle\". The spelling had been changed to \"Monteagle\" by the time the town incorporated in 1962. Geography Monteagle is located in the southwest corner of Grundy County and the northwest corner of Marion County at (35.239941, -85.834372). The Marion-Grundy county line runs east-to-west through the center of town. The town limits extend west into Franklin County as well. The town", "title": "Monteagle, Tennessee" }, { "docid": "55762679", "text": "Davaro is a 1981 Turkish adventure film directed by Kartal Tibet. Plot The story begins with Memo, who comes back from Germany to his village in south-east Turkey in the 1980s. Memo has collected all the money he needs, to marry the woman he loves (Cano). Unfortunately the whole village (especially his mother, Cano, and the leader of the village called Ağa) want him to kill the murderer of his father, but the man is still in jail. Memo persuades the village by saying, that if the murderer of his father comes out of jail, then he will fulfill his duty. At the day of the wedding, the murderer of Memo´s father (Sülo) comes out of jail. Now the villages is waiting for Memo to kill his enemy and revenge his father, yet Memo does not want to kill a human being, even if he had killed his father. Memo and Sülo decide to scam the village, by staging Sülo's death. Unfortunately this ends in Memo being charged by murder, because everyone believed, that Sülo died of Memo's hand. On the way to jail, Memo and Sülo are on the same bus, which is later on stopped and robbed by bandits. The leader of the bandits (Bekiro) recognises Memo and takes him to their hiding place in the mountains, so that he don´t have to go to jail. Also does Bekiro take Sülo, because Memo pities him. As time goes by Memo develops into a real bandit, while Sülo only does the dishes and receives no money, gold or other valuable objects. One day, Memo sees Bekiro who puts money into an almost full vase in between bushes and says it to Sülo, who tries to persuade him into stealing the vase and getting rich. Yet Memo does not want to betray his old friend. After a while Bekiro cannot stand the loneliness and sadness of Memo due to his separation (the police taking him away) with his wife and decides to infiltrate the village and to bring Memo and Cano together. At that day, the whole bandit group is killed by the police, who found out, that the bandit´s came down to the village, except Memo. He is taken away again by the police, for the \"murder\" of Sülo. While Memo is in jail, Sülo tries to get him out of there, so that Memo can show him where the Bekiro´s vase full with money an other valuable items is. Sülö´s plan works, he smuggles Memo out of jail and they get the vase. The next step is to go to İstanbul, because Memo is still wanted in his village and around. After they get there suspiciousness evolves between Memo and Sülo, because of the money. However Sülo accomplishes to steal the whole money from Memo and runs away. Memo now has to work hard to live, while Sülo is spending the money on expensive evenings with food and women. Afterwards Memo finds Sülo in an establishment and takes", "title": "Davaro" }, { "docid": "41999668", "text": "Kenneth Marion Powers (July 9, 1947 – February 28, 2009) was an American stuntman. Powers was born to Edward Lee and Florence Pauline Powers in Landrum, South Carolina, on July 9, 1947. He grew up in Landrum, and after high school, he joined the U.S. Navy and served as a barber according to his DD 214. He died at the Hampton Veterans Center in Hampton, Virginia on February 28, 2009. He was married to Beverly Powers at the time of his death. St. Lawrence River jump He is best known today for his unsuccessful October 1979 attempt to jump the Saint Lawrence River in a rocket-powered Lincoln Continental, where he took the place of stuntman Ken Carter. He suffered significant injuries including a broken back, but survived. Carter's years of planning for the \"Superjump\", and Powers's failed attempt were the subject of a 1981 documentary called The Devil at Your Heels, directed by Robert Fortier and produced by the National Film Board of Canada. According to some sources, Powers was substituted at the last minute for Carter, without Carter's knowledge, because the jump's backers feared Carter had decided the jump would not work. However, Kenny Powers and Donna Ray Powers have stated that Carter still wanted to do the jump, but the backers were concerned about Carter's health. This is the account in the official documentary of the jump. Ken Carter and Kenny Powers remained friends until his death. Video of the stunt also appeared on the American television show That's Incredible!, as well as the 1981 film Faces of Death II. A four-minute clip of the stunt taken from Faces of Death II was uploaded to YouTube in 2006, causing renewed popularity. The stunt has been featured in the Heavyweight Podcast by Jonathan Goldstein titled \"Kenny\" and the Dollop Podcast. In addition, the stunt has inspired a musical film titled Aim for the Roses, scored by Mark Haney. Other work Powers worked for and with Carter for many years, and also claimed to have performed stunts for Hollywood, including in the 1970s films Smokey and the Bandit, Vanishing Point, and Hooper. However, he is not listed in any movie credits. Kenny did stunt work for the Ken Carter team during the time that Smokey and the Bandit was filmed as the team prepared for the 1979 Super Jump. According to Butch Carter, Ken Carter's brother who also did stunt work for the team, the team was considered for the stunt work in Smokey and the Bandit, but another team was selected. According to Butch Carter and other team members, Kenny worked for the Ken Carter team the whole time of the filming of Smokey and the Bandit. Stuntman Kenny Powers was a phenomenal stuntman. He was a caring, loving, and benevolent person. However, he struggled with problems due to alcohol and drug abuse his whole adult life. Kenny did in fact publicly make claims to have done stunts in movies. He was delusional about many things, especially in the", "title": "Kenny Powers (stuntman)" }, { "docid": "21691786", "text": "The Kissing Bandit may refer to: Arts and entertainment The Kissing Bandit (film), a 1948 film starring Frank Sinatra and Kathryn Grayson Jojo the Kissing Bandit, a character in the Avatar: The Last Airbender trading card game An episode of The Love Boat People Adriano Belli (born 1977), defensive tackle in the Canadian Football League nicknamed \"The Kissing Bandit\" for his penchant for kissing people on the cheek Richard Dawson (1932–2012), actor and game show host nicknamed \"The Kissing Bandit\" for kissing female contestants while hosting Family Feud Morganna (born 1947), buxom entertainer nicknamed \"The Kissing Bandit\" for running onto baseball fields and kissing select baseball players throughout the 1970s and 1980s Edna Murray (1898–1966), criminal who got the nickname \"Kissing Bandit\" after kissing her victim during a robbery Peeter Pedaja (1931-1985), adventurer and sculptor, known as \"The Real Life Kissing Bandit\" in Australia after hijacking a motorcycle and committing armed robbery with a water pistol, then claiming to have been inspired by the Frank Sinatra film The Kissing Bandit. Valentine Phantom, nicknamed \"The Kissing Bandit\" for decorating the business district of Boulder, Colorado, United States, with red hearts on Valentine's Day", "title": "The Kissing Bandit" }, { "docid": "3607940", "text": "William T. Phillips (1863 – 1937) was a writer from Spokane, Washington, best remembered for The Bandit Invincible, a biography of the outlaw Butch Cassidy. A copy of the book is held at the American Heritage Center at the University of Wyoming. Phillips claimed to have known Cassidy since childhood, and stated in his book that Butch Cassidy's real name was not Robert Parker. In his 1977 book In Search of Butch Cassidy, Larry Pointer speculated that Phillips was actually Cassidy, based upon stories in The Bandit Invincible and a resemblance between the two men. However, in 2012, Larry Pointer stated that the original, unabridged manuscript of The Bandit Invincible had been brought to him for authentication by a collector in Utah. In the manuscript, he found previously unknown references to an associate of Butch Cassidy's by the name of William T. Wilcox, who was described as having been in Wyoming Territorial Prison with Butch Cassidy. Given the name's similarity with \"William T. Phillips,\" he searched for a prison mugshot of Wilcox. After he received one and observed the similarities between the two men, Pointer revised his previous theory and concluded that Phillips was in fact Wilcox, instead of Butch Cassidy. References External links Spokesman Review recent discussion on Phillips Writers from Spokane, Washington Impostors 1863 births 1937 deaths", "title": "William T. Phillips" }, { "docid": "31580301", "text": "Phulwa (English: Flower) (also known as Phulwa Choti Dulhan) is an Indian television drama on the Colors TV. It is set against the backdrop of Chambal forest near Morena, Madhya Pradesh. The story is loosely based on the life of Phoolan Devi, the dacoit-turned politician. Plot The series revolves around a little village girl named Phulwa (meaning \"flower\"), living in a bandit-infested part of India. She is a sweet, innocent, and loving girl, but unluckily, gets caught in the middle of a ruthless feud. She loses most of her family, as well as her childlike innocence, at an early age. Phulwa has a much older foster brother named Bhavani (Prashant Narayanan), who is a bandit. Shankar (Angad Hasija), who wants to take revenge against Bhavani, abducts Phulwa. Circumstances make it appear that Shankar and Phulwa are married to each other. The village council (panchayat) decides that they have to stay together as a couple, though Shankar is nearly three times Phulwa's age. Shankar believes that Bhavani killed his elder brother and sister-in-law. Moreover, Shankar's younger sister Mahua (Wasna Ahmed) was in love with Bhavani but he left her. Shankar grows fond of the innocent Phulwa and tries to make amends for his earlier actions that spoiled her life. Phulwa idolises Shankar and calls him 'Masterji' out of respect. Sharbati, a distant relative, wants to marry Shankar, but does not encourage her. The local landlord and politician, Bade Thakur aka Daroga Singh, sends a proposal for Mahua to marry his son, Chhote Thakur. Mahua runs away from the wedding because she still loves Bhavani but is killed by a spurned Chhote Thakur. Later Shankar learns that the Thakur father-son duo, not Bhavani, killed his brother and sister-in-law as well. The Thakurs with Sharbati's help capture Phulwa, her parents, and siblings. Shankar and Bhavani go to rescue them and saves Phulwa and her brother, Babu. However, Phulwa's parents and Shankar are killed. Phulwa and Babu accompany Bhavani to the hideout of his bandit group. Phulwa swears to take revenge for the deaths of 'Masterji' (Shankar) and her parents and joins the bandits. Ten years later, Phulwa has grown up into a tough and fearless woman. She helps the poor, fights injustice, and regards the Thakurs as her greatest enemies. Chhote Thakur is married to Sharbati. One day, Phulwa comes face-to-face with the couple and is forced to kill Chhote Thakur in self-defence. Bade Thakur and Sharbati pledge revenge against Phulwa for the killing of Chhote Thakur. A stranger named Shatrughan (Ajay Chaudhary) enters Phulwa's group and slowly gains her confidence. Phulwa feels that with the death of Chhote Thakur, she is done with her revenge. However, the head of the bandits, Gayatri (Shikha Singh), tells her not to put down arms. News spreads that a new ACP (Assistant Commissioner of Police) has taken charge of the area. After a few weeks, it is revealed that Shatrughan is the new ACP in disguise. His real name is Abhay Singh. He arrests Phulwa and", "title": "Phulwa" }, { "docid": "3150452", "text": "Smoky or Smokey may refer to: People Smoky Babe (1927–1975), American acoustic blues guitarist and singer born Robert Brown Smoky Burgess (1927–1991), American Major League Baseball catcher Smoky Dawson (1913–2008), Australian country music performer born Herbert Brown Henry Harris (ice hockey) (1905-1975), Canadian hockey player Smoky Owens (1912-1942), American baseball pitcher in the Negro leagues Smokey Robinson (born 1940), American R&B singer and songwriter Smokey Rogers, American Western swing musician Eugene Rogers (1917–1993) Ernest Smith (1914–2005), Canadian recipient of the Victoria Cross Smoky Joe Wood (1889–1985), American Major League Baseball pitcher Smokey Yunick (1923–2001), NASCAR designer Lois Smoky (1907–1981), Kiowa painter Places Smoky Cape, Australia Smoky Dome, a mountain in Idaho Smoky Group, a Canadian geologic formation Smoky Hills, central United States Smoky Lake (Blaine County, Idaho) Smoky Mountain (disambiguation) Smoky Point, Alaska Smoky Range, a small mountain range in Montana Smoky River, Alberta, Canada Smoky Township, Sherman County, Kansas Arts and entertainment Smoky, the title character of Smoky the Cowhorse, a Newbery Medal-winning novel by Will James, and its adaptations: Smoky (1933 film), starring Victor Jory Smoky (1946 film), starring Fred MacMurray Smoky (1966 film), starring Fess Parker Smokey (album), by Smokey Robinson Sheriff Buford T. Justice / \"Smokey Bear\", the title character of the film Smokey and the Bandit (1977), and its sequels: Smokey and the Bandit II (1980) Smokey and the Bandit Part 3 (1983) Smokey, a character from the film Friday (1995) Smokey, a character from the film The Big Lebowski (1998) Smokie (band), an English band formerly known as Smokey Other uses Smokey Bear, mascot of the United States Forest Service Smoky (war dog), a dog in World War II Smoky (Olympic mascot), a dog mascot at the 1932 Summer Olympics Smokey (mascot), a dog mascot of the University of Tennessee Smokey, CB slang for a highway patrolman See also Old Smoky (disambiguation) Great Smoky Mountains, on the Tennessee–North Carolina border Little Smoky River, Alberta, Canada Little Smoky Valley, Nevada Smokey Joe (disambiguation) Smokie (disambiguation) Nicknames", "title": "Smoky" }, { "docid": "21642654", "text": "\"East Bound and Down\" is a song written by Jerry Reed and Deena Kaye Rose, and recorded by Reed for the soundtrack for the film Smokey and the Bandit. The song features Reed on the lead vocal, and vocalist Gordon Stoker of the Jordanaires on the harmony vocal. It was released in August 1977 as a single on RCA Records. The song's lyrics tell the basic plot line of the movie (leaving out the runaway bride element) of making a 28-hour round-trip run from Atlanta, Georgia, to Texarkana, Texas, and back to illegally transport 400 cases of Coors beer for an after-race celebration. The song spent 16 weeks on the U.S. country music charts, reaching a peak of No. 2. It also reached No. 3 on the Bubbling Under Hot 100. The \"...and Down\" in the title and lyric is CB radio jargon for \"I'm finished transmitting, but still listening to the channel.\" \"[Direction] bound and down\" remains a common sign-off for truckers on CB radio. Chart performance Cover versions A variant version of the song, titled \"West Bound and Down,\" was also recorded by Reed and included on the Smokey and the Bandit soundtrack. This variant is played during the westbound portion of the movie. The lyric \"East bound and down -- loaded up and truckin'\" is changed to \"West bound and down -- eighteen wheels a-rollin'.\" The music and the rest of the lyrics remain the same. A cover was recorded in 2005 by Canadian country music group The Road Hammers. Other cover versions include Aaron Tippin, Supersuckers, Dave Dudley, and Tonic. The song was recorded by punk rock cover band Me First and the Gimme Gimmes on their sixth album, Love Their Country. \"East Bound and Down\" was recorded by Jessy Lynn Martens for the TV series Archer under the pseudonym \"Cherlene.\" \"East Bound and Down\" was recorded by the Supersuckers on their 2005 album Devil's Food. \"East Bound and Down\" was performed by Midland at the 52nd Country Music Association Awards in 2018. The band now regularly includes the song in their live shows. \"East Bound and Down\" was recorded by Po' Ramblin' Boys featuring Jason Carter & Bronwyn Keith-Hynes as a single in 2021. The Ford Motor Company revived the song's popularity as part of its F-Series truck advertisements in 2018, where a host of pickups from different years and towing various items, such as barbecue grills, a 1960s-era Ford Bronco, and a statue of the Big Boy mascot, is seen driving down the highway. An instrumental version of \"East Bound and Down\" was recorded by Herb Alpert on his 2023 album Wish Upon A Star. Notes References 1977 singles Jerry Reed songs Songs written by Jerry Reed The Road Hammers songs Aaron Tippin songs Songs written by Deena Kaye Rose 1977 songs RCA Records singles Smokey and the Bandit Songs written for films Songs about alcohol Songs about truck driving", "title": "East Bound and Down" }, { "docid": "20934669", "text": "Faith Minton is an American television and film actress and stuntwoman. Life Born in Brooklyn, New York, Minton has a stunt and wrestling background and is probably best known for her role as \"Hurricane\" Rosy Spelman in the 1979 action comedy film Temporale Rosy opposite Gerard Depardieu, and as \"Big Mama\", a wrestler in the 1981 film ...All The Marbles, with Peter Falk, Laurene Landon and Vicki Frederick. In 1983, she appeared as the villain's henchwoman in the Italian action comedy Go for It, with David Huddleston and in a supporting role in Smokey and the Bandit Part 3, alongsides Paul Williams, Colleen Camp and Jerry Reed, and opposite Jackie Gleason and Mike Henry. She later guest starred in series such as Fantasy Island, Night Court, Simon & Simon, Knight Rider, V.I.P. and Murder, She Wrote (with William Windom). Selected filmography 1978 King of the Gypsies as Gypsy (uncredited) 1979 Gold of the Amazons as Amazon Warrior 1979 The Wanderers as The Big Lady 1979 Temporale Rosy as Rosy \"Hurricane Rosy\" Spelman / Temporale Rosy 1980 Cheech & Chong's Next Movie as Lady Bouncer 1981 ...All The Marbles as \"Big Mama\" 1981 All Night Long as Holdup Woman 1981 Hill Street Blues as Large Hooker 1981 Charlie Chan and the Curse of the Dragon Queen as Stunt Performer 1981 Heartbeeps as Stunt Performer 1983 Go for It as The Vamp / La Fatalona 1983 Fantasy Island as Mo 1983 Smokey and the Bandit Part 3 as Tina 1983 The Man Who Wasn't There as Stunt Performer 1984 The New Mike Hammer as Bertha 1984 Night Court as Elsa Dubrinovitch 1985 Lust in the Dust as Stunt Performer 1985 Hardcastle and McCormick as Lizzie Butterfly 1985 Murder, She Wrote as Second Guard 1985 Knight Rider as Darleen 1986 The Naked Cage as Sheila 1986 Misfits of Science as Darleen 1986 Ruthless People as Stunt Performer 1986 Simon & Simon as Olga, The Shoplifter 1987 Jocks as Big Woman In Bar (uncredited) 1987 Who's That Girl? as Donovan 1987 Penitentiary III as Female Boxer 1987 Star Trek: The Next Generation as Klingon Female 1987 Hooperman as Biker Woman 1988 License to Drive as Stunt Performer 1988 Hero and the Terror as Stunt Performer 1989 Santa Barbara, as Ilsa, she tried to frame Mack for stealing jewels from people at the fitness center. 1989 Alien Nation as Bouncer 1991 Switch as Nancy, The Bouncer 1992 Stay Tuned as Mrs. Gorgon 1992 Swordsman II as the American dub version of Invisible Asia. 1995 The Stranger as Kyra, a member of Angel's outlaw biker gang. 1995 Sudden Death as Carla, one of the terrorists who took Civic Arena during a Stanley Cup Finals game. 1996 Set It Off as Stunt Performer 1997 Roseanne as Wrestler 1997 Unhappily Ever After as Bertha 1997 Spawn as Stunt Performer 1998 V.I.P. as Brenda \"Big Brenda\" 2001 Bubble Boy as Stunt Performer 2002 She Spies as Jolene 2005 Miss Congeniality 2: Armed and Fabulous as Housewife #1 2006 Sons", "title": "Faith Minton" }, { "docid": "12404917", "text": "The Chronicles of Xan is a series of historical novels written by Antony Barone. It currently consists of Shadow in the Dark, with a sequel, The Haunted Cathedral, due out Winter 2007. Shadow in the Dark Plot summary Xan is a boy who lived in his village, Hardonbury, in 12th Century England. One morning while he was in a forest nearby, his village is attacked by bandits. He rushes back to his home, only to trip on a root, resulting in the boy being gravely injured. He is taken to Harwood Abbey, where he is nursed back to health by the Benedictine monks. In addition to the physical damage he sustained from his accident, he has lost his memory. But what he fears most of all is what he has thought he has seen lurking around the abbey: the Grim Reaper. In hopes of finding Xan's parents and jogging his memory, a kindly monk, Brother Andrew, brings Xan back to his village, only to find that it was burnt down in the attack and that all the villagers had fled to Clovis, the closest village. In Clovis they meet a farmer who worked with Xan's parents, who tells them that Xan's real name (for Xan is only what they called him at the abbey) is Stephen, and that his parents are dead. The night he returns to the abbey, the other boys show him the \"Grim Reaper\" outside. Xan, ready to disprove the boys, follows the cloaked figure to the room of a harsh and rough monk, Brother Leo. Later that night the same bandits that attacked Xan's village attack the abbey. However, no one was killed, not even Brother Leo from the Grim Reaper. Xan finds a coin that a bandit dropped on the floor, with the coat of arms of Lord Kensington, the owner of Clovis. He also \"accidentally\" overhears some conversations in which Brother Leo is trying to persuade the monks to sell the abbey to Lord Kensington so they can have guards from bandit attacks. A couple of nights after the conversations, the Abbot of the abbey was almost killed in an assassination attempt. Coincidentally, the Abbot was also the one who was most against Brother Leo's plan. Xan pieces together the puzzle and concludes that Brother Leo tried to kill the abbot to get the abbey to be sold to Lord Kensington. After he confesses his suspicions to Brother Andrew, they put it to the test by going to see Lord Kensington and ask if Brother Leo had been to see him. Lord Kensington's bailiff, Sir James, confirms this by telling them that he had, but that he was surprised that such a gentle and kind monk would do such a thing. After they leave, Xan remembers about the coin, which also links Lord Kensington to the incident. So Lord Kensington hired the bandits to attack the abbey, and when that failed, he hired Brother Leo to try to assassinate the Abbot. Brother Andrew, Xan,", "title": "Chronicles of Xan" }, { "docid": "17391826", "text": "Lakewood Fairgrounds, established in 1916 in Lakewood Heights, Atlanta, was built to be the home of the Southeastern Fair. The Lakewood Fairgrounds was located on of former Creek Indian land, which was situated around a lake. The Southeastern Fair There was also a circus big top, arcade games, vendors, and a large carousel that remained on the premises until 1967. It became a popular destination for families in the spring and summer months. In the wintertime, one of the buildings was \"converted into a southern anomaly: an ice skating rink.\" Exhibition Halls Lakewood Fairgrounds's most distinctive feature is its four Spanish colonial-style livestock exhibition halls. For over twenty years, the Lakewood Fairgrounds Antique Mall was held in the exhibition halls every second weekend of the month. Over 15,000 antique dealers were on hand for the monthly event, until the weekend of October 13–15, 2006, when the Lakewood Antique Market closed its doors for good. The Fairground halls were leased for the Antiques market on as a 50-year lease from the City of Atlanta by Ed Spivia, who promoted it until it was established as an Atlanta icon. The Greyhound The main thrill ride at Lakewood Fairgrounds was the Greyhound. The Greyhound was the old wooden roller coaster that was featured in all three Smokey and the Bandit films. Designed by John A. Miller, it was in operation from 1915 to 1974. The Greyhound was out of service during the early part of the 1956 season due to a major rebuild. After 1974, it sat out of operation for a number of years while the crowds at the fair continued to dwindle around it. Then, after a final repaint, its destruction was captured on film as a scene in the film Smokey and the Bandit II. Racing In the '40s, a dirt track was built around the lake, called Lakewood Speedway and was used for various races. Film On May 17, 2010, City of Atlanta Council members voted unanimously to lease to EUE/Screen Gems, which plans to build a studio complex that will include the soundstage as well as office space, a mill shop and lighting facilities. The media production company EUE/Screen Gems has a 50-year lease with the City of Atlanta to use Lakewood as a film and TV production studio. The company also has plans to build a sound stage. The company is currently using the existing historic structures at Lakewood for film and TV production. References The History of Lakewood: The Legacy Dies photo - L. Burroughs photos at pbase.com Henry, Scott: \"City banks on Lakewood as ripe for redevelopment\", Creative Loafing http://atlanta.creativeloafing.com/gyrobase/Content?oid=oid%3A80151. 1916 establishments in Georgia (U.S. state) Fairgrounds in the United States Landmarks in Atlanta", "title": "Lakewood Fairgrounds" }, { "docid": "2347120", "text": "Pat McCormick (June 30, 1927 – July 29, 2005) was an American actor and comedy writer known for playing Big Enos Burdette in Smokey and the Bandit and its two sequels. He wrote for a number of performers such as Red Skelton, Phyllis Diller and Johnny Carson as well as for shows including Get Smart. McCormick had a distinctive appearance being 6'7\" tall, weighing 250 lbs and having a walrus mustache. Early life McCormick was born in Lakewood, Ohio, on June 30, 1927. He was a 1945 graduate of Rocky River High School. Career McCormick was a high school athlete and served in the United States Army during World War II. He then enrolled at Harvard University as a freshman in the autumn of 1947 where he played basketball that year. He later dropped basketball to concentrate on track (hurdles). He dropped out of Harvard Law School for a career in advertising, but abandoned that career as well when he started writing jokes for television and standup comedians, including Jonathan Winters. Eventually, he became a writer for The Jack Paar Show. He wrote for Get Smart, The Danny Kaye Show and wrote and appeared on Candid Camera. He was also a member of the I've Got a Secret production staff in the early 1960s. McCormick was both the announcer and straight man for Don Rickles on The Don Rickles Show in 1968. He was a regular on The New Bill Cosby Show in 1972. Behind the scenes, he was one of the lead writers on The Tonight Show writing many of its most well-known lines. He wrote the line \"Due to today's earthquake, the God is Dead rally has been canceled.\" As part of a skit on a Jonathan Winters special McCormick, as a court jester, quipped to the regally-attired Winters \"Is that a scepter in your pocket, or are you just happy to see me?\" a quite risque line for early 1970s television. His first screen performance was in The Shaggy D.A. in 1976. He played President Grover Cleveland in Robert Altman's Buffalo Bill and the Indians, or Sitting Bull's History Lesson in the same year. In 1977, he appeared in Smokey and the Bandit and appeared in the sequels in both 1980 and 1983, alongside Paul Williams as wealthy con men Big and Little Enos Burdette respectively. Pat appeared in the 1982 TV movie Rooster, which also starred Williams. In 1984 he co-starred in the George Carlin HBO TV show Apt. 2C of which only the pilot episode was ever made. He appeared as the Ghost of Christmas Present in a TV production in the Bill Murray comedy Scrooged in 1988, with his final appearance being in Ted & Venus. On March 26, 1974, Johnny Carson's Tonight Show monologue was interrupted by McCormick streaking across the stage, done on a bet with the rest of the writing staff. Retirement and death Living in Palm Springs, California, in 1996, McCormick retired in 1998 after being left partly paralyzed by", "title": "Pat McCormick (actor)" }, { "docid": "7477354", "text": "Graham Broad (born 10 March 1957) is an English drummer who has been playing professionally since the age of fifteen, after attending the Royal College of Music in 1970. He is a former pupil of drumming educator Lloyd Ryan, who also taught Phil Collins the drum rudiments. His works have spanned decades with musicians such as Roger Waters, Tina Turner, The Beach Boys, Procol Harum, Jeff Beck, Tom Cochrane and Red Rider, Van Morrison, Bryan Adams, Bill Wyman, Tony Banks and George Michael. One of the most prolific drummers of the 1980s, his work appeared on Top 10 hits for Bucks Fizz, Dollar, Tina Turner, Bardo, Go West, Five Star, ABC (even appearing in the music video for their smash hit, \"When Smokey Sings\"), and Wham!. Broad has been mostly playing with ex-Pink Floyd frontman Roger Waters, since 1987, where he played the drums on Waters' Radio K.A.O.S. album and following tour. In 1990, Broad, who had joined Waters' \"Bleeding Heart Band\", performed onstage during The Wall Concert in Berlin. In 1992, he played on Waters' third solo album, Amused to Death. In 1999, Waters invited him to join him on his In the Flesh tour, which spanned three years from 1999 to 2002. Broad also participated on The Dark Side of the Moon Live tour, which began in June 2006 and was extended with additional shows to finish in the spring of 2008. Broad played with Roger Waters again in The Wall Live (2010–2013), touring North America and Europe. Broad also plays with Bill Wyman's Rhythm Kings. Discography Bandit – Bandit (1976) Mike Oldfield – Five Miles Out (1982) Wham! – Fantastic (1983) Culture Club – Colour by numbers (1983) Naked Eyes – Fuel for the Fire (1984) Tina Turner – Private Dancer (1984) Go West – Go West (1985) The Beach Boys – The Beach Boys (1985) Five Star – Silk & Steel (1986) ABC – Alphabet City (1987) Roger Waters – Radio K.A.O.S. (1987) Roger Waters – Radio K.A.O.S. (tour) (1987–1988) The September When – The September When (1989) Roger Waters – The Wall – Live in Berlin (1990) Tony Banks – Still (1991) Bonnie Tyler – Angel Heart (1992) Roger Waters – Amused to Death (1993) Roger Waters – In the Flesh – Live (1998–1999–2000–2001–2002) Roger Waters – The Dark Side of the Moon Live (2006–2007–2008) Roger Waters – The Wall Live (concert tour) (2009–2013) References External links 1957 births Living people English rock drummers English session musicians Musicians from the London Borough of Hammersmith and Fulham People from Hammersmith Bill Wyman's Rhythm Kings members Procol Harum members Charlie (band) members Bandit (band) members", "title": "Graham Broad" }, { "docid": "12715504", "text": "Bandit were an English rock band, formed in 1976 and disbanded in 1979. They are not to be confused with the same Bandit from the US who released their only album in 1975 on ABC Records, nor any other act with the same name since. Background Bandit released two albums with different line-ups. Bandit's debut Bandit was released in late 1976 on Arista Records. This album featured Jim Diamond on lead vocals, Danny McIntosh on guitar, future AC/DC bassist Cliff Williams, James Litherland on guitar and harmonica, and drummer Graham Broad, later of Roger Waters' band. All except Williams wrote, though Diamond wrote about half the material. A single entitled \"Ohio\" (written by Diamond) was released from the album, but failed to chart. The punk rock music scene of the time caused a lack of attention and the band later parted ways. Diamond went on to join PhD, and gained a UK Top 10 hit with \"I Won't Let You Down\". He later went solo and scored two more chart-toppers. The band continued, undergoing an almost total overhaul, with only guitarist McIntosh remaining. New recruits were Gerry Trew on lead vocals, drummer Theodore Thunder (real name John Dentith), and bassist Tony Lester. Lester now wrote the bulk of the band's material. The second album, Partners in Crime, was produced by Matthew Fisher of Procol Harum and released by Ariola Records in 1978. \"One Way Love\", a single from the album (penned by Lester) reached No. 76 on the American Billboard chart. A third album was recorded and featured guitarist Mick Grabham of Procol Harum (replacing McIntosh) but was never released and finally the band broke up. A five-song EP from the unreleased album was released in 2016 entitled Bandit3 EP. The band's final tour was with John Miles in 1979 with the lineup Trew, Lester, Grabham and Thunder. Both full-length Bandit albums are long out of print. McIntosh is now the guitarist for, and husband of, the singer-songwriter Kate Bush. References External links British rock music groups Musical groups established in 1976 Musical groups disestablished in 1978 1976 establishments in the United Kingdom", "title": "Bandit (band)" }, { "docid": "68820927", "text": "Walter Adolph Hannemann (May 2, 1912 – April 29, 2001) was an American film editor. He was nominated for two Academy Awards in the category Best Film Editing for the films Two-Minute Warning and Smokey and the Bandit. Hannemann died in April 2001 of natural causes at his home in San Marcos, California, at the age of 88. Seletced filmography Two-Minute Warning (1976; co-nominated with Eve Newman) Smokey and the Bandit (1977; co-nominated with Angelo Ross) References External links 1912 births 2001 deaths People from Atlanta American film editors American television editors", "title": "Walter Hannemann" }, { "docid": "21499147", "text": "Bret Clark (born February 24, 1961) is a former professional American football player. Clark played for the in-state Nebraska Cornhuskers football team, for whom he was an All-American defensive back during his senior year of 1984. After college, he played one season with the United States Football League (USFL)'s Tampa Bay Bandits, then started at safety for three seasons with the National Football League (NFL)'s Atlanta Falcons. A serious and chronic knee injury ended his professional football career in 1988. Bret Clark is also known for effectively ending the existence of the Tampa Bay Bandits. Clark took the Bandits to arbitration over back pay owed to him. While Clark won the case, the Bandits did not have the funds available to pay him back, so a judge ordered that the team's remaining assets be confiscated to repay the debt to Clark. Early life / University of Nebraska Bret Clark was born in Nebraska City, Nebraska to Kenneth and Alice Clark. He was an all-state defensive back at Nebraska City High School and, upon graduating in 1980, accepted an athletic scholarship to play for the University of Nebraska Cornuskers under coach Tom Osborne. Clark spent one year on Nebraska's freshman squad and one year as a redshirt. He received increasing playing time during his sophomore year of 1982 and led the Cornhusker secondary in tackles. Clark was a starter during his junior and senior seasons and won many accolades. He was a consensus All-Big Eight Conference performer in 1983 and 1984, and was listed as an All-American by several publications in 1984. At the conclusion of his college career, he held Nebraska records for passes broken up in a season, passes broken up in a career, and career unassisted tackles by a defensive back. Professional career USFL Clark was drafted by the Los Angeles Raiders in the seventh round of the 1985 NFL Draft but chose to accept a $1 million contract offer from the USFL's Tampa Bay Bandits. Later, Bandits coach Steve Spurrier questioned whether Clark was worth that much. Spurrier and other Bandits insiders tried to get the contract voided, believing that owner John F. Bassett's judgment was impaired when he hammered out the deal. Bassett was suffering from terminal brain cancer at the time, and Spurrier and others believed the unusually large contract was evidence that he was no longer of sound mind. Clark played in seven games with the Bandits during the USFL's final season, mostly as a nickel back and on special teams. The contract came back to haunt the Bandits in August 1986. In March, Clark took the Bandits to arbitration seeking $159,980 in back pay, and won. The decision was reaffirmed on May 26. By then, a dying Bassett had sold controlling interest in the Bandits to minority partner Lee Scarfone. However, Scarfone had gone into considerable debt to make the purchase, and had depleted most of his assets in the process. As a result, the Bandits did not have the assets available to", "title": "Bret Clark" }, { "docid": "21014642", "text": "Ned Stone Tanen (c. September 20, 1931 – January 5, 2009) was an American film studio executive. The films he produced were some of the most popular films of the 1970s and 1980s, including the 2 key Brat Pack films The Breakfast Club and St. Elmo's Fire, as well as Smokey and the Bandit, American Graffiti, Coal Miner's Daughter, The Deer Hunter, Crocodile Dundee, Top Gun, Animal House, and many others. History Tanen was born to a Jewish family in Los Angeles and served in the United States Air Force after graduating from the University of California, Los Angeles. Following his military service, he got a job in 1954 in the MCA mailroom. He became an agent there in the late 1950s and in the early 1960s he was packaging TV shows for MCA/Universal after MCA acquired Universal Pictures. He helped form the Uni Records label at MCA in 1967. Artists recording on the Uni label included Neil Diamond, Elton John, Olivia Newton-John and the Strawberry Alarm Clock. Uni Records later merged with Decca Records to become MCA Records. In 1970, Tanen became vice president of production at Universal Pictures, after serving as production supervisor on the 1971 Miloš Forman film Taking Off. He was named president of Universal's film division in 1976. His projects at Universal included a wide-ranging variety of box office and critical success, including the 1973 film American Graffiti, Jaws (1975), Smokey and the Bandit (1977), The Deer Hunter (1978), Melvin and Howard (1980) and Missing (1982). His 1980 films set an industry box office theatrical rentals record of $290 million, with releases including Coal Miner's Daughter, The Blues Brothers and Smokey and the Bandit II, and the record was surpassed in 1982 with the release of E.T. the Extra-terrestrial taking the rentals to over $400 million. He resigned from Universal in December 1982. In a 1978 article in The New York Times, Tanen described how some of the biggest box office grossing films take on a life of their own, describing the success of the film Animal House was a surprise, acknowledging that \"All we did was make a picture about college fraternity life in the 1960s\". He had left Universal saying he wanted to leave \"the Hollywood game\" and established Channel Productions, but it was still based in Universal City and Universal had first choice on his productions. He produced the 1984 film Sixteen Candles and a pair of 1985 releases, The Breakfast Club and St. Elmo's Fire. Following Michael Eisner's departure from Paramount Pictures to join The Walt Disney Company, Tanen joined Paramount in October 1984 as president of the studio's motion picture division under Frank Mancuso Sr. In his time at Paramount, the studio produced box office successes including the 1986 films \"Crocodile\" Dundee and Top Gun, and the 1987 releases Fatal Attraction and Beverly Hills Cop II, leading Paramount to post the top revenues among all studios in both 1986 and 1987. The studio's films in 1986 drew receipts of $600", "title": "Ned Tanen" }, { "docid": "50549695", "text": "David Stanley Cass Sr. (March 21, 1942 – August 28, 2020) was a film director and stuntman. He directed Hard Time: The Premonition, Avenging Angel, Desolation Canyon, and Thicker than Water. Cass began his film career as an extra. He alternated between acting and stunt work, starting with McLintock! (1963), on which he performed stunts. He went on to become a stunt coordinator and second unit director on Smokey and the Bandit Part 3, Knight Rider 2000, Walker, Texas Ranger and the Desperado TV movie franchise. He later focused on TV directing, with dozens of credits. Filmography as actor References External links 1942 births 2020 deaths Film directors from Indiana", "title": "David S. Cass Sr." }, { "docid": "4349438", "text": "Still Hungry is the first solo album by the Skunk Anansie guitarist Ace (Martin Ivor Kent, 30 March 1967, Cheltenham). The album was released under the name Ace Sounds. Vocals on the album were provided by various singers. Track listing \"Jet From California\" (featuring Jason Perry) \"Back Up\" (featuring Benji) \"One Way Love\" (featuring Lemmy) \"There's No Pleasin' Some People\" (featuring Saffron) \"No Fear of Falling\" (featuring Shingai Shoniwa) \"Skiers of Texas\" (featuring JJ Burnel) \"Glass Ceiling\" (featuring Ben Edwards of Miocene) \"Your Face Hurts\" (featuring Yap) \"45 Grave\" (featuring Cliff Jones) \"Prisoner\" (featuring Skye) \"This Is the Last Time\" (featuring Smokey Bandits) \"Mind's Taken Over\" (featuring Kim Nail) \"Phoenix\" (featuring Shingai Shoniwa) \"We Be\" (featuring Smokey Bandits) 2003 debut albums", "title": "Still Hungry (Ace album)" }, { "docid": "635942", "text": "The Tampa Bay Bandits were a professional American football team in the United States Football League (USFL) which was based in Tampa, Florida. The Bandits were a charter member of the USFL and was the only franchise to have the same principal owner (John F. Bassett), head coach (Steve Spurrier), and home field (Tampa Stadium) during the league's three seasons of play (1983–1985). The Bandits were one of the most successful teams in the short-lived spring football league both on the field and at the ticket booth. Spurrier's \"Bandit Ball\" offense led them to three winning seasons and two playoff appearances, and their exciting brand of play combined with innovative local marketing helped the Bandits lead the league in attendance. However, the franchise folded along with the rest of the USFL when the league suspended play after the 1985 season. Prominent alumni from the Bandits include future NFL Pro Bowlers Nate Newton and Gary Anderson and coach Steve Spurrier, who spent 25 years coaching college football after his successful first stint as a head coach with the Bandits and was enshrined in the College Football Hall of Fame. History Preparing to play Origins The Tampa Bay Bandits' primary founder was Canadian businessman John F. Bassett, who was still in litigation against the NFL over his previous Memphis Southmen franchise from the World Football League in the mid-1970s. Bassett was initially skeptical about getting into another football venture. However, he soon warmed up to the USFL after discovering that he was nowhere as well off as the other owners. While he had been by far the richest owner in the WFL, he realized that he would be one of the poorest owners in the USFL. Believing that the USFL was on far stronger financial ground than the WFL ever had been, he agreed to sign on. Bassett had a part-time home in the Tampa Bay Area, and when the USFL announced its twelve charter franchises in May 1982, Bassett was introduced as the majority owner of the as-yet unnamed team in Tampa along with Miami attorney Steve Arky. Establishment in Tampa After it was decided that the franchise would play in Tampa, several minority owners bought stakes, among them Hollywood star Burt Reynolds, a former college football player at Florida State who was one of the most popular motion picture actors in the world. The team was soon dubbed the \"Bandits\", and although it was widely assumed that the name referenced Reynolds' role in the hit Smokey and the Bandit movies, Bassett said that the mascot had been chosen before Reynolds joined the ownership group and instead came from the name of Bassett's daughter's German Shepherd. Reynolds was prominently involved in the Bandits' early marketing campaigns, and the cover of the team's first media guide featured a photo of the actor wearing a Bandits jacket and trucker hat. Also building interest was the hiring of Steve Spurrier as head coach and offensive coordinator in November 1982. Spurrier was well known in", "title": "Tampa Bay Bandits" }, { "docid": "22734709", "text": "The Campaign to Suppress Bandits in Northwestern China was a counter-insurgency campaign the People's Liberation Army (PLA) fought against the remaining Nationalist forces in mainland China. The Nationalist forces consisted mainly of irregular forces and Nationalist Revolutionary Army troops left behind after the nationalist government fled to Taiwan. The campaign was fought in the northwestern China, and resulted in victory for the People's Republic of China. Strategies Nationalist miscalculations When the Nationalists left mainland China, they enlisted the assistance of local forces to fight the PLA. According to Chinese historians, a large segment of these forces were actually bandits. The Nationalist government felt that if the bandits succeed in weakening the PLA, it would help the nationalists counterattack from Taiwan to retake China. The local population feared and hated these men for their depredations. As a result, it pushed more people to support the PLA. A second miscalculation was in accepting assistance from warlords. After collaborating with the Japanese Imperial Army during the Japanese Occupation of China, these men had surrendered to the Nationalist camp. The presence of warlords served to alienate other Nationalist factions who resented their collaboration with the Japanese and doubted their willingness to fight. However, the Nationalists had no real choice but to enlist the warlords in the war effort. As with the bandits, the warlords had little popular support. The third miscalculation was the Nationalists evacuating their best army units to Taiwan. The troops left behind were the less disciplined second rate and undisciplined third rate troops, both of which mostly consisted of warlords' troops. These troops had no training and little motivation to fight an insurrection. Compounding the problem, due to the need of bandits' knowledge of local area, they were often rewarded with higher ranks than the Nationalist troops. As a result, the Nationalist troops lacked any willingness to work with the bandits they once attempted to exterminate, Similarly, the bandits lacked the similar willingness and were willing to betray Nationalist troops. The fourth strategic miscalculation was a lack of financial support by the Nationalist government. The government provided arms and little else. That provided an added incentive for the bandits and other forces to steal supplies and money from the local population, further increasing their anger. The lack of money also eroded support for the Nationalists from their allies, the wealthy landowners and businessmen. This group had little interest in working with bandits who had robbed and killed within their group for generation. The final miscalculation was over the inability to agree on a war strategy among the coalition. The military men wanted to fight a total war against the enemy that involved destroying supplies, infrastructure and production capabilities. In contrast, the landowners/businessmen and the bandits did not want to cause the destruction of valuable property. They believed that it was possible to defeat the PLA without these measures in a few years, allowing them to reclaim assets that the People's Republic had seized. This basic disagreement over strategy weakened the Nationalist", "title": "Campaign to Suppress Bandits in Northwestern China" }, { "docid": "56316276", "text": "\"Pontiac Bandit\" is the twelfth episode of the first season of the American television police sitcom series Brooklyn Nine-Nine. It was written by series writers Norm Hiscock & Lakshmi Sundaram and directed by Craig Zisk. It aired on Fox in the United States on January 7, 2014. It was the thirteenth episode to be produced but the twelfth to be broadcast. In this episode, Peralta and Rosa Diaz (Stephanie Beatriz) pursue a criminal known as the \"Pontiac Bandit\" with the help from an identity thief. Meanwhile, Charles Boyle (Joe Lo Truglio) tries to adjust to the precinct after recovering from his injury. Furthermore, Holt tries to get a home for two puppies. The episode was seen by an estimated 3.44 million household viewers and gained a 1.5/4 ratings share among adults aged 18–49, according to Nielsen Media Research. The episode received mostly positive reviews from critics, who praised Robinson's guest performance as the \"Pontiac Bandit\". Plot Charles Boyle (Joe Lo Truglio) returns to the precinct in a scooter after recovering from being shot. Rosa Diaz (Stephanie Beatriz) introduces Jake Peralta (Andy Samberg) to an identity thief, Doug Judy (Craig Robinson). Judy has information regarding the \"Pontiac Bandit,\" a criminal Peralta has been seeking for a long time. Judy arranges a meeting with the Bandit and agrees to wear a wire under police surveillance. However, Judy fails to give the police a pre-arranged sign and they raid the place. They initially believe that the \"Pontiac Bandit\" is Judy's barber (London Kim). However, when cornering him, Judy calls them and reveals that he is the real Pontiac Bandit. Moreover, he is able to stage his own escape with the help of an accomplice. Raymond Holt (Andre Braugher) tries to find a home for two puppies from his neighbor's dog, but most of the squad members are unable to take them in. Meanwhile, the rest of the precinct is struggling to get used to an injured Boyle. One by one each of them moves their work to the records room until they are discovered by Holt, who reprimands them for how they're treating Boyle. Boyle decides to return home until he is better and Holt gives him the puppies to keep him company. Reception Viewers In its original American broadcast, \"Pontiac Bandit\" was seen by an estimated 3.44 million household viewers and gained a 1.5/4 ratings share among adults aged 18–49, according to Nielsen Media Research. This was a 7% decrease in viewership from the previous episode, which was watched by 3.66 million viewers with a 1.6/5 in the 18-49 demographics. This means that 1.5 percent of all households with televisions watched the episode, while 4 percent of all households watching television at that time watched it. With these ratings, Brooklyn Nine-Nine was the second most watched show on FOX for the night, beating Dads and The Mindy Project but behind New Girl, third on its timeslot and ninth for the night in the 18-49 demographics, behind New Girl, The Goldbergs, The Biggest", "title": "Pontiac Bandit" }, { "docid": "5154565", "text": "Curro Jiménez was a successful Spanish television historical drama series that was first broadcast on La Primera Cadena of Televisión Española from December 22, 1976 to March 25, 1978. Its main theme was Andalusian \"bandolerismo\" (bandit lifestyle) in the 19th century, located in the Ronda mountains. The main characters were four bandits, Curro Jiménez (the romantic prototype of the Andalusian \"bandolero\", El Algarrobo (\"the Carob tree\"), El Gitano (\"the Gipsy\") and El Estudiante (\"the Student\"). The series consisted of 40 episodes, in three seasons, and a movie. It was followed by a 12 episodes sequel aired in 1995 on Antena 3. Plot The plot changed in every episode, but common themes involved a romantic bandit, righteous and good-natured, the guerrilla against the French troops during the Spanish War of Independence, love stories, battles against injustice, in addition to comedic episodes. Cast Sancho Gracia played Curro Jiménez, Álvaro de Luna played El Algarrobo, José Sancho played El Estudiante and Francisco Algora played El Fraile. The character of El Fraile was replaced after the first season by El Gitano, played Eduardo García. Curro Jiménez in real life The name Curro Jiménez is taken from the nickname of a real bandit also known as \"el barquero de Cantillana\" or \"Andrés el Barquero\", though his real name was Francisco López Jiménez. He was born in Cantillana (Seville) in 1819 and was shot dead by the Guardia Civil on November 1849, after being given away by one of his comrades. References External links Television shows set in Andalusia La 1 (Spanish TV channel) network series Television series set in the 19th century Television series about the history of Spain Films shot in Almería 1976 Spanish television series debuts 1978 Spanish television series endings 1970s Spanish drama television series Spanish adventure television series Television series about bandits Peninsular War in fiction", "title": "Curro Jiménez" }, { "docid": "61839622", "text": "Sally Field (born November 6, 1946) is an American actress and director. She is the recipient of various accolades, including two Academy Awards, three Primetime Emmy Awards, two Golden Globe Awards, and a Screen Actors Guild Award, and she has been nominated for a Tony Award and two BAFTA Awards. Field began her professional career on television, starring in the short-lived comedies Gidget (1965–1966), The Flying Nun (1967–1970), and The Girl with Something Extra (1973–1974). In 1976, she garnered critical acclaim for her performance in the miniseries Sybil, for which she received the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Lead Actress in a Limited Series or Movie. Her film debut was as an extra in Moon Pilot (1962), but it escalated during the 1970s with starring roles including Stay Hungry (1976), Smokey and the Bandit (1977), Heroes (1977), The End (1978), and Hooper (1978). Her career further expanded during the 1980s, receiving the Academy Award for Best Actress for both Norma Rae (1979) and Places in the Heart (1984), and she appeared in Smokey and the Bandit II (1980), Absence of Malice (1981), Kiss Me Goodbye (1982), Murphy's Romance (1985), Steel Magnolias (1989), Mrs. Doubtfire (1993), and Forrest Gump (1994). In the 2000s, she returned to television with a recurring role on the NBC medical drama ER, for which she won the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Guest Actress in a Drama Series in 2001 and the following year made her stage debut with Edward Albee's The Goat, or Who Is Sylvia?. From 2006 to 2011, she portrayed Nora Walker on the ABC television drama Brothers & Sisters, for which she received the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Lead Actress in a Drama Series in 2007. She starred as Mary Todd Lincoln in Lincoln (2012), for which she received a nomination for the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress, and she portrayed Aunt May in The Amazing Spider-Man (2012) and its 2014 sequel, with the first being her highest grossing release. In 2015, she portrayed the title character in Hello, My Name Is Doris, for which she was nominated for the Critics' Choice Movie Award for Best Actress in a Comedy. In 2017, she returned to the stage after an absence of 15 years with the revival of Tennessee Williams' The Glass Menagerie for which she received a nomination for the Tony Award for Best Actress in a Play. As a director, Field is known for the television film The Christmas Tree (1996), an episode of the 1998 HBO miniseries From the Earth to the Moon, and the feature film Beautiful (2000). In 2014, she was presented with a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame and in 2019 received the Kennedy Center Honors. Filmography Film Television Stage Books Discography Singles \"Felicidad\" (Billboard No. 94, Cashbox No. 91) / \"Find Yourself a Rainbow\" – Colgems 1008 – August 1967 \"Follow the Star\" (Both sides, promo only) – Colgems 107 – December 1967 \"Golden Days\" / \"You're a Grand Old Flag\" –", "title": "Sally Field filmography" } ]

[ "Bo" ]

[ { "docid": "19575563", "text": "In mathematics a linear inequality is an inequality which involves a linear function. A linear inequality contains one of the symbols of inequality: < less than > greater than ≤ less than or equal to ≥ greater than or equal to ≠ not equal to A linear inequality looks exactly like a linear equation, with the inequality sign replacing the equality sign. Linear inequalities of real numbers Two-dimensional linear inequalities Two-dimensional linear inequalities are expressions in two variables of the form: where the inequalities may either be strict or not. The solution set of such an inequality can be graphically represented by a half-plane (all the points on one \"side\" of a fixed line) in the Euclidean plane. The line that determines the half-planes (ax + by = c) is not included in the solution set when the inequality is strict. A simple procedure to determine which half-plane is in the solution set is to calculate the value of ax + by at a point (x0, y0) which is not on the line and observe whether or not the inequality is satisfied. For example, to draw the solution set of x + 3y < 9, one first draws the line with equation x + 3y = 9 as a dotted line, to indicate that the line is not included in the solution set since the inequality is strict. Then, pick a convenient point not on the line, such as (0,0). Since 0 + 3(0) = 0 < 9, this point is in the solution set, so the half-plane containing this point (the half-plane \"below\" the line) is the solution set of this linear inequality. Linear inequalities in general dimensions In Rn linear inequalities are the expressions that may be written in the form or where f is a linear form (also called a linear functional), and b a constant real number. More concretely, this may be written out as or Here are called the unknowns, and are called the coefficients. Alternatively, these may be written as or where g is an affine function. That is or Note that any inequality containing a \"greater than\" or a \"greater than or equal\" sign can be rewritten with a \"less than\" or \"less than or equal\" sign, so there is no need to define linear inequalities using those signs. Systems of linear inequalities A system of linear inequalities is a set of linear inequalities in the same variables: Here are the unknowns, are the coefficients of the system, and are the constant terms. This can be concisely written as the matrix inequality where A is an m×n matrix, x is an n×1 column vector of variables, and b is an m×1 column vector of constants. In the above systems both strict and non-strict inequalities may be used. Not all systems of linear inequalities have solutions. Variables can be eliminated from systems of linear inequalities using Fourier–Motzkin elimination. Applications Polyhedra The set of solutions of a real linear inequality constitutes a half-space of the", "title": "Linear inequality" }, { "docid": "200463", "text": "In mathematics, a binary relation on a set is transitive if, for all elements , , in , whenever relates to and to , then also relates to . Every partial order and every equivalence relation is transitive. For example, inequality and equality among real numbers are both transitive: If and then ; and if and then . Definition A homogeneous relation on the set is a transitive relation if, for all , if and , then . Or in terms of first-order logic: , where is the infix notation for . Examples As a non-mathematical example, the relation \"is an ancestor of\" is transitive. For example, if Amy is an ancestor of Becky, and Becky is an ancestor of Carrie, then Amy, too, is an ancestor of Carrie. On the other hand, \"is the birth parent of\" is not a transitive relation, because if Alice is the birth parent of Brenda, and Brenda is the birth parent of Claire, then this does not imply that Alice is the birth parent of Claire. What is more, it is antitransitive: Alice can never be the birth parent of Claire. Non-transitive, non-antitransitive relations include sports fixtures (playoff schedules), 'knows' and 'talks to'. \"Is greater than\", \"is at least as great as\", and \"is equal to\" (equality) are transitive relations on various sets, for instance, the set of real numbers or the set of natural numbers: whenever x > y and y > z, then also x > z whenever x ≥ y and y ≥ z, then also x ≥ z whenever x = y and y = z, then also x = z. More examples of transitive relations: \"is a subset of\" (set inclusion, a relation on sets) \"divides\" (divisibility, a relation on natural numbers) \"implies\" (implication, symbolized by \"⇒\", a relation on propositions) Examples of non-transitive relations: \"is the successor of\" (a relation on natural numbers) \"is a member of the set\" (symbolized as \"∈\") \"is perpendicular to\" (a relation on lines in Euclidean geometry) The empty relation on any set is transitive because there are no elements such that and , and hence the transitivity condition is vacuously true. A relation containing only one ordered pair is also transitive: if the ordered pair is of the form for some the only such elements are , and indeed in this case , while if the ordered pair is not of the form then there are no such elements and hence is vacuously transitive. Properties Closure properties The converse (inverse) of a transitive relation is always transitive. For instance, knowing that \"is a subset of\" is transitive and \"is a superset of\" is its converse, one can conclude that the latter is transitive as well. The intersection of two transitive relations is always transitive. For instance, knowing that \"was born before\" and \"has the same first name as\" are transitive, one can conclude that \"was born before and also has the same first name as\" is also transitive. The union of", "title": "Transitive relation" }, { "docid": "40052960", "text": "The Lander, Parkin, and Selfridge conjecture concerns the integer solutions of equations which contain sums of like powers. The equations are generalisations of those considered in Fermat's Last Theorem. The conjecture is that if the sum of some k-th powers equals the sum of some other k-th powers, then the total number of terms in both sums combined must be at least k. Background Diophantine equations, such as the integer version of the equation a2 + b2 = c2 that appears in the Pythagorean theorem, have been studied for their integer solution properties for centuries. Fermat's Last Theorem states that for powers greater than 2, the equation ak + bk = ck has no solutions in non-zero integers a, b, c. Extending the number of terms on either or both sides, and allowing for higher powers than 2, led to Leonhard Euler to propose in 1769 that for all integers n and k greater than 1, if the sum of n kth powers of positive integers is itself a kth power, then n is greater than or equal to k. In symbols, if where n > 1 and are positive integers, then his conjecture was that n ≥ k. In 1966, a counterexample to Euler's sum of powers conjecture was found by Leon J. Lander and Thomas R. Parkin for k = 5: 275 + 845 + 1105 + 1335 = 1445. In subsequent years, further counterexamples were found, including for k = 4. The latter disproved the more specific Euler quartic conjecture, namely that a4 + b4 + c4 = d4 has no positive integer solutions. In fact, the smallest solution, found in 1988, is 4145604 + 2175194 + 958004 = 4224814. Conjecture In 1967, L. J. Lander, T. R. Parkin, and John Selfridge conjectured that if , where ai ≠ bj are positive integers for all 1 ≤ i ≤ n and 1 ≤ j ≤ m, then m+n ≥ k. The equal sum of like powers formula is often abbreviated as (k, m, n). Small examples with (related to generalized taxicab number) include (known to Euler) and (found by K. Subba Rao in 1934). The conjecture implies in the special case of m = 1 that if (under the conditions given above) then n ≥ k − 1. For this special case of m = 1, some of the known solutions satisfying the proposed constraint with n ≤ k, where terms are positive integers, hence giving a partition of a power into like powers, are: k = 3 33 + 43 + 53 = 63. k = 4 958004 + 2175194 + 4145604 = 4224814, (Roger Frye, 1988) 304 + 1204 + 2724 + 3154 = 3534, (R. Norrie, 1911) Fermat's Last Theorem implies that for k = 4 the conjecture is true. k = 5 275 + 845 + 1105 + 1335 = 1445, (Lander, Parkin, 1966) 75 + 435 + 575 + 805 + 1005 = 1075, (Sastry, 1934, third smallest) k = 6 (None", "title": "Lander, Parkin, and Selfridge conjecture" }, { "docid": "53056445", "text": "The Meissel–Lehmer algorithm (after Ernst Meissel and Derrick Henry Lehmer) is an algorithm that computes exact values of the prime-counting function. Description The problem of counting the exact number of primes less than or equal to x, without actually listing them all, dates from Legendre. He observed from the Sieve of Eratosthenes that where is the floor function, which denotes the greatest integer less than or equal to x and the run over all primes . Since the evaluation of this sum formula becomes more and more complex and confusing for large x, Meissel tried to simplify the counting of the numbers in the Sieve of Eratosthenes. He and Lehmer therefore introduced certain sieve functions, which are detailed below. Key functions Let be the first n primes. For a natural number a ≥ 1, define which counts natural numbers no greater than x with all prime factors greater than . Also define for a natural number k, which counts natural numbers no greater than x with exactly k prime factors, all greater than . With these, we have where the sum only has finitely many nonzero terms because when . Using the fact that and , we get which proves that one may compute by computing and for k ≥ 2. This is what the Meissel–Lehmer algorithm does. Formula for Pk(x, a) For k = 2, we get the following formula for : For k ≥ 3, the identities for can be derived similarly. Expanding 𝜑(x, a) With the starting condition and the recurrence each value for can be calculated recursively. Combining the terms The only thing that remains to be done is evaluating and for k ≥ 2, for certain values of x and a. This can be done by direct sieving and using the above formulas. History Meissel already found that for k ≥ 3, if . He used the resulting equation for calculations of for big values of . Meissel calculated for values of x up to , but he narrowly missed the correct result for the biggest value of x. Using his method and an IBM 701, Lehmer was able to compute the correct value of and missed the correct value of by 1. Extended algorithm Jeffrey Lagarias, Victor Miller and Andrew Odlyzko published a realisation of the algorithm which computes in time and space for any . Upon setting , the tree of has leaf nodes. This extended Meissel-Lehmer algorithm needs less computing time than the algorithm developed by Meissel and Lehmer, especially for big values of x. Further improvements of the algorithm are given by M. Deleglise and J. Rivat in 1996. References Number theoretic algorithms", "title": "Meissel–Lehmer algorithm" } ]

[ { "docid": "3300481", "text": "In communications, the Nyquist ISI criterion describes the conditions which, when satisfied by a communication channel (including responses of transmit and receive filters), result in no intersymbol interference or ISI. It provides a method for constructing band-limited functions to overcome the effects of intersymbol interference. When consecutive symbols are transmitted over a channel by a linear modulation (such as ASK, QAM, etc.), the impulse response (or equivalently the frequency response) of the channel causes a transmitted symbol to be spread in the time domain. This causes intersymbol interference because the previously transmitted symbols affect the currently received symbol, thus reducing tolerance for noise. The Nyquist theorem relates this time-domain condition to an equivalent frequency-domain condition. The Nyquist criterion is closely related to the Nyquist–Shannon sampling theorem, with only a differing point of view. Nyquist criterion If we denote the channel impulse response as , then the condition for an ISI-free response can be expressed as: for all integers , where is the symbol period. The Nyquist theorem says that this is equivalent to: , where is the Fourier transform of . This is the Nyquist ISI criterion. This criterion can be intuitively understood in the following way: frequency-shifted replicas of must add up to a constant value. This condition is satisfied when spectrum has even symmetry, has bandwidth greater than or equal to , and its single-sideband has odd symmetry at the cutoff frequency . In practice this criterion is applied to baseband filtering by regarding the symbol sequence as weighted impulses (Dirac delta function). When the baseband filters in the communication system satisfy the Nyquist criterion, symbols can be transmitted over a channel with flat response within a limited frequency band, without ISI. Examples of such baseband filters are the raised-cosine filter, or the sinc filter as the ideal case. Derivation To derive the criterion, we first express the received signal in terms of the transmitted symbol and the channel response. Let the function h(t) be the channel impulse response, x[n] the symbols to be sent, with a symbol period of Ts; the received signal y(t) will be in the form (where noise has been ignored for simplicity): . Sampling this signal at intervals of Ts, we can express y(t) as a discrete-time equation: . If we write the h[0] term of the sum separately, we can express this as: , and from this we can conclude that if a response h[n] satisfies , only one transmitted symbol has an effect on the received y[k] at sampling instants, thus removing any ISI. This is the time-domain condition for an ISI-free channel. Now we find a frequency-domain equivalent for it. We start by expressing this condition in continuous time: for all integer . We multiply such a h(t) by a sum of Dirac delta function (impulses) separated by intervals Ts This is equivalent of sampling the response as above but using a continuous time expression. The right side of the condition can then be expressed as one impulse in the", "title": "Nyquist ISI criterion" }, { "docid": "3224242", "text": "In mathematical analysis an oscillatory integral is a type of distribution. Oscillatory integrals make rigorous many arguments that, on a naive level, appear to use divergent integrals. It is possible to represent approximate solution operators for many differential equations as oscillatory integrals. Definition An oscillatory integral is written formally as where and are functions defined on with the following properties: The function is real-valued, positive-homogeneous of degree 1, and infinitely differentiable away from . Also, we assume that does not have any critical points on the support of . Such a function, is usually called a phase function. In some contexts more general functions are considered and still referred to as phase functions. The function belongs to one of the symbol classes for some . Intuitively, these symbol classes generalize the notion of positively homogeneous functions of degree . As with the phase function , in some cases the function is taken to be in more general, or just different, classes. When , the formal integral defining converges for all , and there is no need for any further discussion of the definition of . However, when , the oscillatory integral is still defined as a distribution on , even though the integral may not converge. In this case the distribution is defined by using the fact that may be approximated by functions that have exponential decay in . One possible way to do this is by setting where the limit is taken in the sense of tempered distributions. Using integration by parts, it is possible to show that this limit is well defined, and that there exists a differential operator such that the resulting distribution acting on any in the Schwartz space is given by where this integral converges absolutely. The operator is not uniquely defined, but can be chosen in such a way that depends only on the phase function , the order of the symbol , and . In fact, given any integer , it is possible to find an operator so that the integrand above is bounded by for sufficiently large. This is the main purpose of the definition of the symbol classes. Examples Many familiar distributions can be written as oscillatory integrals. The Fourier inversion theorem implies that the delta function, is equal to If we apply the first method of defining this oscillatory integral from above, as well as the Fourier transform of the Gaussian, we obtain a well known sequence of functions which approximate the delta function: An operator in this case is given for example by where is the Laplacian with respect to the variables, and is any integer greater than . Indeed, with this we have and this integral converges absolutely. The Schwartz kernel of any differential operator can be written as an oscillatory integral. Indeed if where , then the kernel of is given by Relation to Lagrangian distributions Any Lagrangian distribution can be represented locally by oscillatory integrals, see . Conversely, any oscillatory integral is a Lagrangian distribution. This", "title": "Oscillatory integral" }, { "docid": "2692773", "text": "In computer science, the shunting yard algorithm is a method for parsing arithmetical or logical expressions, or a combination of both, specified in infix notation. It can produce either a postfix notation string, also known as Reverse Polish notation (RPN), or an abstract syntax tree (AST). The algorithm was invented by Edsger Dijkstra and named the \"shunting yard\" algorithm because its operation resembles that of a railroad shunting yard. Dijkstra first described the shunting yard algorithm in the Mathematisch Centrum report MR 34/61. Like the evaluation of RPN, the shunting yard algorithm is stack-based. Infix expressions are the form of mathematical notation most people are used to, for instance or . For the conversion there are two text variables (strings), the input and the output. There is also a stack that holds operators not yet added to the output queue. To convert, the program reads each symbol in order and does something based on that symbol. The result for the above examples would be (in Reverse Polish notation) and , respectively. The shunting yard algorithm will correctly parse all valid infix expressions, but does not reject all invalid expressions. For example, is not a valid infix expression, but would be parsed as . The algorithm can however reject expressions with mismatched parentheses. The shunting yard algorithm was later generalized into operator-precedence parsing. A simple conversion Input: Push 3 to the output queue (whenever a number is read it is pushed to the output) Push + (or its ID) onto the operator stack Push 4 to the output queue After reading the expression, pop the operators off the stack and add them to the output. In this case there is only one, \"+\". Output: This already shows a couple of rules: All numbers are pushed to the output when they are read. At the end of reading the expression, pop all operators off the stack and onto the output. Graphical illustration Graphical illustration of algorithm, using a three-way railroad junction. The input is processed one symbol at a time: if a variable or number is found, it is copied directly to the output a), c), e), h). If the symbol is an operator, it is pushed onto the operator stack b), d), f). If the operator's precedence is lower than that of the operators at the top of the stack or the precedences are equal and the operator is left associative, then that operator is popped off the stack and added to the output g). Finally, any remaining operators are popped off the stack and added to the output i). The algorithm in detail while there are tokens to be read: read a token if the token is: - a number: put it into the output queue - a function: push it onto the operator stack - an operator o1: while ( there is an operator o2 at the top of the operator stack which is not a left parenthesis, and (o2 has greater precedence than o1 or (o1 and o2", "title": "Shunting yard algorithm" }, { "docid": "26551602", "text": "In mathematics, a limit is the value that a function (or sequence) approaches as the input (or index) approaches some value. Limits are essential to calculus and mathematical analysis, and are used to define continuity, derivatives, and integrals. In formulas, a limit of a function is usually written as and is read as \"the limit of of as approaches equals \". This means that the value of the function can be made arbitrarily close to , by choosing sufficiently close to . Alternatively, the fact that a function approaches the limit as approaches is sometimes denoted by a right arrow (→ or ), as in which reads \" of tends to as tends to \". The concept of a limit of a sequence is further generalized to the concept of a limit of a topological net, and is closely related to limit and direct limit in category theory. The limit inferior and limit superior provide generalizations of the concept of a limit which are particularly relevant when the limit at a point may not exist. History According to Hankel (1871), the modern concept of limit originates from Proposition X.1 of Euclid's Elements, which forms the basis of the Method of exhaustion found in Euclid and Archimedes: \"Two unequal magnitudes being set out, if from the greater there is subtracted a magnitude greater than its half, and from that which is left a magnitude greater than its half, and if this process is repeated continually, then there will be left some magnitude less than the lesser magnitude set out.\" Grégoire de Saint-Vincent gave the first definition of limit (terminus) of a geometric series in his work Opus Geometricum (1647): \"The terminus of a progression is the end of the series, which none progression can reach, even not if she is continued in infinity, but which she can approach nearer than a given segment.\" The modern definition of a limit goes back to Bernard Bolzano who, in 1817, developed the basics of the epsilon-delta technique to define continuous functions. However, his work remained unknown to other mathematicians until thirty years after his death. Augustin-Louis Cauchy in 1821, followed by Karl Weierstrass, formalized the definition of the limit of a function which became known as the (ε, δ)-definition of limit. The modern notation of placing the arrow below the limit symbol is due to G. H. Hardy, who introduced it in his book A Course of Pure Mathematics in 1908. Types of limits In sequences Real numbers The expression 0.999... should be interpreted as the limit of the sequence 0.9, 0.99, 0.999, ... and so on. This sequence can be rigorously shown to have the limit 1, and therefore this expression is meaningfully interpreted as having the value 1. Formally, suppose is a sequence of real numbers. When the limit of the sequence exists, the real number is the limit of this sequence if and only if for every real number , there exists a natural number such that for all , we", "title": "Limit (mathematics)" }, { "docid": "2159434", "text": "Arator was a sixth-century Christian poet from Liguria in northwestern Italy. His best known work, De Actibus Apostolorum, is a verse history of the Apostles. Biography Arator was probably of Ligurian origin. An orphan, he studied at Milan under the patronage of the Bishop Laurentius and of Magnus Felix Ennodius, then went to Ravenna by the advice of Parthenius, nephew of Ennodius. He took up the career of a lawyer. Treated with distinction by Theodoric on account of his oration in behalf of the Dalmatians, and protected by Cassiodorus, he spent much of his career in Ravenna, doing the Gothic state some service with the fruits of a classical education second to none in what until recently had been the Western Roman Empire. It may have been the death of King Theoderic, and the destabilizing of the Gothic regime, that caused Arator to leave Ravenna (in this the career of Cassiodorus is parallel) and make for Rome. Pope Vigilius made him Subdeacon of the Roman Church. It was there that he wrote in hexameters two books De Actibus Apostolorum, about 544. His gratitude to Vigilius, as expressed in a short poetic letter that dedicates the poem to him, shows notable warmth, and admiration of the see of Peter, and especially the apostle himself, together with strong animosity against the Goths—or at least their Arianism—is very clear in the poem. Arator follows the story of the Acts of the Apostles; the first book, dedicated to St. Peter, concludes with Chapter XII; the second, dedicated to St. Paul, with the martyrdom of the two Apostles. Many important events are omitted, others only alluded to. Arator’s method in distilling Acts into epic verse is to select what he sees as its most important events, and to mould each of these into short episodes in which there is a simple, edifying, narrative or theme. Exegesis, often presented in homiletic fashion and invariably elaborated by formal rhetoric, is nowhere absent, but Arator gives formal exegesis greater weight than his predecessors had, by adding to almost every episode a kind of exegetical excursus, of equal or often greater length. Such a passage may present an issue arising directly from the text of Acts, or go beyond it to explore a particular feature. Arator’s fascination with allegory and obvious delight in exploring allegorical significance of themes, names, and numbers gives his work a wide perspective, as he ranges through Scripture and draws on material at first sight extraneous to Acts. Arator's style and versification are fairly correct, and he cleverly evades the entanglements of symbolism. The poem was very successful. Vigilius had the author read it in public at the church of San Pietro in Vincoli in Rome. The reading lasted four days, as the poet had to repeat many passages by request of his audience. The euphoria of the occasion, and the poem, was soon to be succeeded by more stressful times, and it may be that the author died within a few years, perhaps when", "title": "Arator" }, { "docid": "1182982", "text": "In linear algebra, given a vector space with a basis of vectors indexed by an index set (the cardinality of is the dimension of ), the dual set of is a set of vectors in the dual space with the same index set such that and form a biorthogonal system. The dual set is always linearly independent but does not necessarily span . If it does span , then is called the dual basis or reciprocal basis for the basis . Denoting the indexed vector sets as and , being biorthogonal means that the elements pair to have an inner product equal to 1 if the indexes are equal, and equal to 0 otherwise. Symbolically, evaluating a dual vector in on a vector in the original space : where is the Kronecker delta symbol. Introduction To perform operations with a vector, we must have a straightforward method of calculating its components. In a Cartesian frame the necessary operation is the dot product of the vector and the base vector. For example, where is the basis in a Cartesian frame. The components of can be found by However, in a non-Cartesian frame, we do not necessarily have for all . However, it is always possible to find vectors in the dual space such that The equality holds when the s are the dual basis of s. Notice the difference in position of the index . Existence and uniqueness The dual set always exists and gives an injection from V into V∗, namely the mapping that sends vi to vi. This says, in particular, that the dual space has dimension greater or equal to that of V. However, the dual set of an infinite-dimensional V does not span its dual space V∗. For example, consider the map w in V∗ from V into the underlying scalars F given by for all i. This map is clearly nonzero on all vi. If w were a finite linear combination of the dual basis vectors vi, say for a finite subset K of I, then for any j not in K, , contradicting the definition of w. So, this w does not lie in the span of the dual set. The dual of an infinite-dimensional space has greater dimension (this being a greater infinite cardinality) than the original space has, and thus these cannot have a basis with the same indexing set. However, a dual set of vectors exists, which defines a subspace of the dual isomorphic to the original space. Further, for topological vector spaces, a continuous dual space can be defined, in which case a dual basis may exist. Finite-dimensional vector spaces In the case of finite-dimensional vector spaces, the dual set is always a dual basis and it is unique. These bases are denoted by and . If one denotes the evaluation of a covector on a vector as a pairing, the biorthogonality condition becomes: The association of a dual basis with a basis gives a map from the space of bases", "title": "Dual basis" }, { "docid": "62544", "text": "In the field of data compression, Shannon–Fano coding, named after Claude Shannon and Robert Fano, is one of two related techniques for constructing a prefix code based on a set of symbols and their probabilities (estimated or measured). Shannon's method chooses a prefix code where a source symbol is given the codeword length . One common way of choosing the codewords uses the binary expansion of the cumulative probabilities. This method was proposed in Shannon's \"A Mathematical Theory of Communication\" (1948), his article introducing the field of information theory. Fano's method divides the source symbols into two sets (\"0\" and \"1\") with probabilities as close to 1/2 as possible. Then those sets are themselves divided in two, and so on, until each set contains only one symbol. The codeword for that symbol is the string of \"0\"s and \"1\"s that records which half of the divides it fell on. This method was proposed in a later (in print) technical report by Fano (1949). Shannon–Fano codes are suboptimal in the sense that they do not always achieve the lowest possible expected codeword length, as Huffman coding does. However, Shannon–Fano codes have an expected codeword length within 1 bit of optimal. Fano's method usually produces encoding with shorter expected lengths than Shannon's method. However, Shannon's method is easier to analyse theoretically. Shannon–Fano coding should not be confused with Shannon–Fano–Elias coding (also known as Elias coding), the precursor to arithmetic coding. Naming Regarding the confusion in the two different codes being referred to by the same name, Krajči et al. write: Around 1948, both Claude E. Shannon (1948) and Robert M. Fano (1949) independently proposed two different source coding algorithms for an efficient description of a discrete memoryless source. Unfortunately, in spite of being different, both schemes became known under the same name Shannon–Fano coding. There are several reasons for this mixup. For one thing, in the discussion of his coding scheme, Shannon mentions Fano’s scheme and calls it “substantially the same” (Shannon, 1948, p. 17 [reprint]). For another, both Shannon’s and Fano’s coding schemes are similar in the sense that they both are efficient, but suboptimal prefix-free coding schemes with a similar performance. Shannon's (1948) method, using predefined word lengths, is called Shannon–Fano coding by Cover and Thomas, Goldie and Pinch, Jones and Jones, and Han and Kobayashi. It is called Shannon coding by Yeung. Fano's (1949) method, using binary division of probabilities, is called Shannon–Fano coding by Salomon and Gupta. It is called Fano coding by Krajči et al. Shannon's code: predefined word lengths Shannon's algorithm Shannon's method starts by deciding on the lengths of all the codewords, then picks a prefix code with those word lengths. Given a source with probabilities the desired codeword lengths are . Here, is the ceiling function, meaning the smallest integer greater than or equal to . Once the codeword lengths have been determined, we must choose the codewords themselves. One method is to pick codewords in order from most probable to least probable symbols,", "title": "Shannon–Fano coding" }, { "docid": "344025", "text": "Hyperreality is a concept in post-structuralism that refers to the process of the evolution of notions of reality, leading to a cultural state of confusion between signs and symbols invented to stand in for reality, and direct perceptions of consensus reality. Hyperreality is seen as a condition in which, because of the compression of perceptions of reality in culture and media, what is generally regarded as real and what is understood as fiction are seamlessly blended together in experiences so that there is no longer any clear distinction between where one ends and the other begins. The term was proposed by French philosopher Jean Baudrillard, whose postmodern work contributed to a scholarly tradition in the field of communication studies that speaks directly to larger social concerns. Postmodernism was established through the social turmoil of the 1960s, spurred by social movements that questioned preexisting conventions and social institutions. Through the postmodern lens, reality is viewed as a fragmented, complimentary and polysemic system with components that are produced by social and cultural activity. Social realities that constitute consensus reality are constantly produced and reproduced, changing through the extended use of signs and symbols which hence contribute to the creation of a greater hyperreality. Origins and usage The postmodern semiotic concept of hyperreality was contentiously coined by Baudrillard in Simulacra and Simulation. Baudrillard defined \"hyperreality\" as \"the generation by models of a real without origin or reality\"; and his earlier book Symbolic Exchange and Death. Hyperreality is a representation, a sign, without an original referent. According to Baudrillard, the commodities in this theoretical state do not have use-value as defined by Karl Marx but can be understood as signs as defined by Ferdinand de Saussure. He believes hyperreality goes further than confusing or blending the 'real' with the symbol which represents it; it involves creating a symbol or set of signifiers which represent something that does not actually exist, like Santa Claus. Baudrillard borrows, from Jorge Luis Borges' \"On Exactitude in Science\" (already borrowed from Lewis Carroll), the example of a society whose cartographers create a map so detailed that it covers the very things it was designed to represent. When the empire declines, the map fades into the landscape. He says that, in such a case, neither the representation nor the real remains, just the hyperreal. Baudrillard's idea of hyperreality was heavily influenced by phenomenology, semiotics, and Marshall McLuhan. Baudrillard and Eco explained that it is \"the unlimited existence of \"hyperreal\" number or \"non-standard reals\", infinite and infinitesimal, that cluster about assumedly fixed or real numbers and factor through transference differentials.\" Baudrillard, however, challenges McLuhan's famous statement that \"the medium is the message,\" by suggesting that information devours its own content. He also suggested that there is a difference between the media and reality and what they represent. Hyperreality is the inability of consciousness to distinguish reality from a simulation of reality, especially in technologically advanced societies. However, Baudrillard's hyperreality theory goes a step further than McLuhan's medium theory: \"There is not", "title": "Hyperreality" }, { "docid": "1682086", "text": "In atomic physics and quantum chemistry, Hund's rules refers to a set of rules that German physicist Friedrich Hund formulated around 1925, which are used to determine the term symbol that corresponds to the ground state of a multi-electron atom. The first rule is especially important in chemistry, where it is often referred to simply as Hund's Rule. The three rules are: For a given electron configuration, the term with maximum multiplicity has the lowest energy. The multiplicity is equal to , where is the total spin angular momentum for all electrons. The multiplicity is also equal to the number of unpaired electrons plus one. Therefore, the term with lowest energy is also the term with maximum and maximum number of unpaired electrons with equal spin angular momentum (either +1/2 or -1/2). For a given multiplicity, the term with the largest value of the total orbital angular momentum quantum number has the lowest energy. For a given term, in an atom with outermost subshell half-filled or less, the level with the lowest value of the total angular momentum quantum number (for the operator ) lies lowest in energy. If the outermost shell is more than half-filled, the level with the highest value of is lowest in energy. These rules specify in a simple way how usual energy interactions determine which term includes the ground state. The rules assume that the repulsion between the outer electrons is much greater than the spin–orbit interaction, which is in turn stronger than any other remaining interactions. This is referred to as the LS coupling regime. Full shells and subshells do not contribute to the quantum numbers for total , the total spin angular momentum and for , the total orbital angular momentum. It can be shown that for full orbitals and suborbitals both the residual electrostatic energy (repulsion between electrons) and the spin–orbit interaction can only shift all the energy levels together. Thus when determining the ordering of energy levels in general only the outer valence electrons must be considered. Rule 1 Due to the Pauli exclusion principle, two electrons cannot share the same set of quantum numbers within the same system; therefore, there is room for only two electrons in each spatial orbital. One of these electrons must have, (for some chosen direction z) ms = , and the other must have ms = −. Hund's first rule states that the lowest energy atomic state is the one that maximizes the total spin quantum number for the electrons in the open subshell. The orbitals of the subshell are each occupied singly with electrons of parallel spin before double occupation occurs. (This is occasionally called the \"bus seat rule\" since it is analogous to the behaviour of bus passengers who tend to occupy all double seats singly before double occupation occurs.) Two different physical explanations have been given for the increased stability of high multiplicity states. In the early days of quantum mechanics, it was proposed that electrons in different orbitals are further apart,", "title": "Hund's rules" }, { "docid": "42297252", "text": "Rayo's number is a large number named after Mexican philosophy professor Agustín Rayo which has been claimed to be the largest named number. It was originally defined in a \"big number duel\" at MIT on 26 January 2007. Definition The Rayo function of a natural number , notated as , is the smallest number bigger than every finite number with the following property: there is a formula in the language of first-order set-theory (as presented in the definition of ) with less than symbols and as its only free variable such that: (a) there is a variable assignment assigning to such that , and (b) for any variable assignment , if , then assigns to . This definition is given by the original definition of Rayo's number. The definition of Rayo's number is a variation on the definition: The smallest number bigger than any finite number named by an expression in the language of first-order set theory with a googol symbols or less. Specifically, an initial version of the definition, which was later clarified, read \"The smallest number bigger than any number that can be named by an expression in the language of first-order set-theory with less than a googol () symbols.\" The formal definition of the number uses the following second-order formula, where is a Gödel-coded formula and is a variable assignment: Given this formula, Rayo's number is defined as: The smallest number bigger than every finite number with the following property: there is a formula in the language of first-order set-theory (as presented in the definition of ) with less than a googol symbols and as its only free variable such that: (a) there is a variable assignment assigning to such that , and (b) for any variable assignment , if , then assigns to . Explanation Intuitively, Rayo's number is defined in a formal language, such that: and are atomic formulas. If is a formula, then is a formula (the negation of ). If and are formulas, then is a formula (the conjunction of and ). If is a formula, then is a formula (existential quantification). Notice that it is not allowed to eliminate parentheses. For instance, one must write instead of . It is possible to express the missing logical connectives in this language. For instance: Disjunction: as . Implication: as . Biconditional: as . Universal quantification: as . The definition concerns formulas in this language that have only one free variable, specifically . If a formula with length is satisfied iff is equal to the finite von Neumann ordinal , we say such a formula is a \"Rayo string\" for , and that is \"Rayo-nameable\" in symbols. Then, is defined as the smallest greater than all numbers Rayo-nameable in at most symbols. Examples To Rayo-name , which is the empty set, one can write , which has 10 symbols. It can be shown that this is the optimal Rayo string for . Similarly, , which has 30 symbols, is the optimal string for . Therefore,", "title": "Rayo's number" }, { "docid": "18908678", "text": "In mathematics, the Kolakoski sequence, sometimes also known as the Oldenburger–Kolakoski sequence, is an infinite sequence of symbols {1,2} that is the sequence of run lengths in its own run-length encoding. It is named after the recreational mathematician William Kolakoski (1944–97) who described it in 1965, but it was previously discussed by Rufus Oldenburger in 1939. Definition The initial terms of the Kolakoski sequence are: 1,2,2,1,1,2,1,2,2,1,2,2,1,1,2,1,1,2,2,1,2,1,1,2,1,2,2,1,1,... Each symbol occurs in a \"run\" (a sequence of equal elements) of either one or two consecutive terms, and writing down the lengths of these runs gives exactly the same sequence: 1,2,2,1,1,2,1,2,2,1,2,2,1,1,2,1,1,2,2,1,2,1,1,2,1,2,2,1,1,2,1,1,2,1,2,2,1,2,2,1,1,2,1,2,2,... 1, 2 , 2 ,1,1, 2 ,1, 2 , 2 ,1, 2 , 2 ,1,1, 2 ,1,1, 2 , 2 ,1, 2 ,1,1, 2 ,1, 2 , 2 ,1,1, 2 ,... The description of the Kolakoski sequence is therefore reversible. If K stands for \"the Kolakoski sequence\", description #1 logically implies description #2 (and vice versa): 1. The terms of K are generated by the runs (i.e., run-lengths) of K 2. The runs of K are generated by the terms of K Accordingly, one can say that each term of the Kolakoski sequence generates a run of one or two future terms. The first 1 of the sequence generates a run of \"1\", i.e. itself; the first 2 generates a run of \"22\", which includes itself; the second 2 generates a run of \"11\"; and so on. Each number in the sequence is the length of the next run to be generated, and the element to be generated alternates between 1 and 2: 1,2 (length of sequence l = 2; sum of terms s = 3) 1,2,2 (l = 3, s = 5) 1,2,2,1,1 (l = 5, s = 7) 1,2,2,1,1,2,1 (l = 7, s = 10) 1,2,2,1,1,2,1,2,2,1 (l = 10, s = 15) 1,2,2,1,1,2,1,2,2,1,2,2,1,1,2 (l = 15, s = 23) As can be seen, the length of the sequence at each stage is equal to the sum of terms in the previous stage. This animation illustrates the process: These self-generating properties, which remain if the sequence is written without the initial 1, mean that the Kolakoski sequence can be described as a fractal, or mathematical object that encodes its own representation on other scales. Bertran Steinsky has created a recursive formula for the i-th term of the sequence but the sequence is conjectured to be aperiodic, that is, its terms do not have a general repeating pattern (cf. irrational numbers like π and ). Research Density It seems plausible that the density of 1s in the Kolakoski {1,2}-sequence is 1/2, but this conjecture remains unproved. Václav Chvátal has proved that the upper density of 1s is less than 0.50084. Nilsson has used the same method with far greater computational power to obtain the bound 0.500080. Although calculations of the first 3×108 values of the sequence appeared to show its density converging to a value slightly different from 1/2, later calculations that extended the sequence to its first 1013 values show the", "title": "Kolakoski sequence" }, { "docid": "2181360", "text": "Tarski's axioms are an axiom system for Euclidean geometry, specifically for that portion of Euclidean geometry that is formulable in first-order logic with identity (i.e. is formulable as an elementary theory). As such, it does not require an underlying set theory. The only primitive objects of the system are \"points\" and the only primitive predicates are \"betweenness\" (expressing the fact that a point lies on a line segment between two other points) and \"congruence\" (expressing the fact that the distance between two points equals the distance between two other points). The system contains infinitely many axioms. The axiom system is due to Alfred Tarski who first presented it in 1926. Other modern axiomizations of Euclidean geometry are Hilbert's axioms (1899) and Birkhoff's axioms (1932). Using his axiom system, Tarski was able to show that the first-order theory of Euclidean geometry is consistent, complete and decidable: every sentence in its language is either provable or disprovable from the axioms, and we have an algorithm which decides for any given sentence whether it is provable or not. Overview Early in his career Tarski taught geometry and researched set theory. His coworker Steven Givant (1999) explained Tarski's take-off point: From Enriques, Tarski learned of the work of Mario Pieri, an Italian geometer who was strongly influenced by Peano. Tarski preferred Pieri's system [of his Point and Sphere memoir], where the logical structure and the complexity of the axioms were more transparent. Givant then says that \"with typical thoroughness\" Tarski devised his system: What was different about Tarski's approach to geometry? First of all, the axiom system was much simpler than any of the axiom systems that existed up to that time. In fact the length of all of Tarski's axioms together is not much more than just one of Pieri's 24 axioms. It was the first system of Euclidean geometry that was simple enough for all axioms to be expressed in terms of the primitive notions only, without the help of defined notions. Of even greater importance, for the first time a clear distinction was made between full geometry and its elementary — that is, its first order — part. Like other modern axiomatizations of Euclidean geometry, Tarski's employs a formal system consisting of symbol strings, called sentences, whose construction respects formal syntactical rules, and rules of proof that determine the allowed manipulations of the sentences. Unlike some other modern axiomatizations, such as Birkhoff's and Hilbert's, Tarski's axiomatization has no primitive objects other than points, so a variable or constant cannot refer to a line or an angle. Because points are the only primitive objects, and because Tarski's system is a first-order theory, it is not even possible to define lines as sets of points. The only primitive relations (predicates) are \"betweenness\" and \"congruence\" among points. Tarski's axiomatization is shorter than its rivals, in a sense Tarski and Givant (1999) make explicit. It is more concise than Pieri's because Pieri had only two primitive notions while Tarski introduced three: point, betweenness, and congruence.", "title": "Tarski's axioms" }, { "docid": "872314", "text": "In the branch of mathematics known as real analysis, the Darboux integral is constructed using Darboux sums and is one possible definition of the integral of a function. Darboux integrals are equivalent to Riemann integrals, meaning that a function is Darboux-integrable if and only if it is Riemann-integrable, and the values of the two integrals, if they exist, are equal. The definition of the Darboux integral has the advantage of being easier to apply in computations or proofs than that of the Riemann integral. Consequently, introductory textbooks on calculus and real analysis often develop Riemann integration using the Darboux integral, rather than the true Riemann integral. Moreover, the definition is readily extended to defining Riemann–Stieltjes integration. Darboux integrals are named after their inventor, Gaston Darboux (1842–1917). Definition The definition of the Darboux integral considers upper and lower (Darboux) integrals, which exist for any bounded real-valued function on the interval The Darboux integral exists if and only if the upper and lower integrals are equal. The upper and lower integrals are in turn the infimum and supremum, respectively, of upper and lower (Darboux) sums which over- and underestimate, respectively, the \"area under the curve.\" In particular, for a given partition of the interval of integration, the upper and lower sums add together the areas of rectangular slices whose heights are the supremum and infimum, respectively, of f in each subinterval of the partition. These ideas are made precise below: Darboux sums A partition of an interval is a finite sequence of values such that Each interval is called a subinterval of the partition. Let be a bounded function, and let be a partition of . Let The upper Darboux sum of with respect to is The lower Darboux sum of with respect to is The lower and upper Darboux sums are often called the lower and upper sums. Darboux integrals The upper Darboux integral of f is The lower Darboux integral of f is In some literature, an integral symbol with an underline and overline represent the lower and upper Darboux integrals respectively: and like Darboux sums they are sometimes simply called the lower and upper integrals. If Uf = Lf, then we call the common value the Darboux integral. We also say that f is Darboux-integrable or simply integrable and set An equivalent and sometimes useful criterion for the integrability of f is to show that for every ε > 0 there exists a partition Pε of [a, b] such that Properties For any given partition, the upper Darboux sum is always greater than or equal to the lower Darboux sum. Furthermore, the lower Darboux sum is bounded below by the rectangle of width (b−a) and height inf(f) taken over [a, b]. Likewise, the upper sum is bounded above by the rectangle of width (b−a) and height sup(f). The lower and upper Darboux integrals satisfy Given any c in (a, b) The lower and upper Darboux integrals are not necessarily linear. Suppose that g:[a, b] → R is also a", "title": "Darboux integral" }, { "docid": "1448784", "text": "In economics, an ordinal utility function is a function representing the preferences of an agent on an ordinal scale. Ordinal utility theory claims that it is only meaningful to ask which option is better than the other, but it is meaningless to ask how much better it is or how good it is. All of the theory of consumer decision-making under conditions of certainty can be, and typically is, expressed in terms of ordinal utility. For example, suppose George tells us that \"I prefer A to B and B to C\". George's preferences can be represented by a function u such that: But critics of cardinal utility claim the only meaningful message of this function is the order ; the actual numbers are meaningless. Hence, George's preferences can also be represented by the following function v: The functions u and v are ordinally equivalent – they represent George's preferences equally well. Ordinal utility contrasts with cardinal utility theory: the latter assumes that the differences between preferences are also important. In u the difference between A and B is much smaller than between B and C, while in v the opposite is true. Hence, u and v are not cardinally equivalent. The ordinal utility concept was first introduced by Pareto in 1906. Notation Suppose the set of all states of the world is and an agent has a preference relation on . It is common to mark the weak preference relation by , so that reads \"the agent wants B at least as much as A\". The symbol is used as a shorthand to the indifference relation: , which reads \"The agent is indifferent between B and A\". The symbol is used as a shorthand to the strong preference relation: if: Related concepts Indifference curve mappings Instead of defining a numeric function, an agent's preference relation can be represented graphically by indifference curves. This is especially useful when there are two kinds of goods, x and y. Then, each indifference curve shows a set of points such that, if and are on the same curve, then . An example indifference curve is shown below: Each indifference curve is a set of points, each representing a combination of quantities of two goods or services, all of which combinations the consumer is equally satisfied with. The further a curve is from the origin, the greater is the level of utility. The slope of the curve (the negative of the marginal rate of substitution of X for Y) at any point shows the rate at which the individual is willing to trade off good X against good Y maintaining the same level of utility. The curve is convex to the origin as shown assuming the consumer has a diminishing marginal rate of substitution. It can be shown that consumer analysis with indifference curves (an ordinal approach) gives the same results as that based on cardinal utility theory — i.e., consumers will consume at the point where the marginal rate of substitution between any two", "title": "Ordinal utility" }, { "docid": "26332696", "text": "In telecommunication, equalization is the reversal of distortion incurred by a signal transmitted through a channel. Equalizers are used to render the frequency response—for instance of a telephone line—flat from end-to-end. When a channel has been equalized the frequency domain attributes of the signal at the input are faithfully reproduced at the output. Telephones, DSL lines and television cables use equalizers to prepare data signals for transmission. Equalizers are critical to the successful operation of electronic systems such as analog broadcast television. In this application the actual waveform of the transmitted signal must be preserved, not just its frequency content. Equalizing filters must cancel out any group delay and phase delay between different frequency components. Analog telecommunications Audio lines Early telephone systems used equalization to correct for the reduced level of high frequencies in long cables, typically using Zobel networks. These kinds of equalizers can also be used to produce a circuit with a wider bandwidth than the standard telephone band of 300 Hz to 3.4 kHz. This was particularly useful for broadcasters who needed \"music\" quality, not \"telephone\" quality on landlines carrying program material. It is necessary to remove or cancel any loading coils in the line before equalization can be successful. Equalization was also applied to correct the response of the transducers, for example, a particular microphone might be more sensitive to low frequency sounds than to high frequency sounds, so an equalizer would be used to increase the volume of the higher frequencies (boost), and reduce the volume of the low frequency sounds (cut). Television lines A similar approach to audio was taken with television landlines with two important additional complications. The first of these is that the television signal is a wide bandwidth covering many more octaves than an audio signal. A television equalizer consequently typically requires more filter sections than an audio equalizer. To keep this manageable, television equalizer sections were often combined into a single network using ladder topology to form a Cauer equalizer. The second issue is that phase equalization is essential for an analog television signal. Without it dispersion causes the loss of integrity of the original wave-shape and is seen as smearing of what were originally sharp edges in the picture. Analog equalizer types Zobel network Lattice phase equalizer Bridged T delay equalizer Digital telecommunications Modern digital telephone systems have less trouble in the voice frequency range as only the local line to the subscriber now remains in analog format, but DSL circuits operating in the MHz range on those same wires may suffer severe attenuation distortion, which is dealt with by automatic equalization or by abandoning the worst frequencies. Picturephone circuits also had equalizers. In digital communications, the equalizer's purpose is to reduce intersymbol interference to allow recovery of the transmit symbols. It may be a simple linear filter or a complex algorithm. Digital equalizer types Linear equalizer: processes the incoming signal with a linear filter MMSE equalizer: designs the filter to minimize E[|e|2], where e is the error signal,", "title": "Equalization (communications)" }, { "docid": "44594933", "text": "Equal Pay Day is the symbolic day dedicated to raising awareness of the gender pay gap. In the United States, this date symbolizes how far into the year the average median woman must work (in addition to their earnings last year) in order to have earned what the average median man had earned the entire previous year. The exact day differs year by year. In 2022, it was March 15. On average, women earn $0.82 for every dollar men earned in 2019. In the United States, the average wage gap for women also varies by demographic and therefore also has different dates to recognize how far into the year an average women of color needs to work to earn what the average man earned in the previous year without accounting for job type, education, etc. In 2019, compared to each $1 earned by a white, non-Hispanic man, on average: Asian-American women earned $0.85, so their equal pay day was March 5; African and Black American women earned $0.61, so their equal pay day was August 22; Native American women earned $0.58, so their equal pay day was September 23; Latinas earned $0.53, so their equal pay day was November 20. On average, in 2018 mothers earned $0.69 for each $1 earned by fathers, so in 2019 their equal pay day was June 10. Background The symbolic day was first observed in 1996 by the National Committee on Pay Equity, a coalition of women's and civil rights organizations, labor unions, professional associations and individuals working to eliminate sex and race based wage discrimination and to achieve pay equity. The goals of Equal Pay day are: To provide information about the reasons for pay inequality. To inform on equal pay and to raise awareness on the problem of unequal pay. To provide a platform to share knowledge about equal pay and the equal pay day campaigns. To create awareness of the problem. To provide and create multipliers and supporters with helpful information. Identify implementation strategies for closing the wage gap. Close the gender pay gap. To show strategies on how to close the gender pay gap. To push towards the closure of the gender pay gap. Equal Pay Act The Equal Pay Act requires that men and women be given equal pay for equal work in the same establishment. The jobs need not be identical, but they must be substantially equal. It is job content, not job titles, that determines whether jobs are substantially equal. Specifically, the EPA provides that employers may not pay unequal wages to men and women who perform jobs that require substantially equal skill, effort and responsibility, and that are performed under similar working conditions within the same establishment. Each of these factors is summarized below: Skill: Measured by factors such as the experience, ability, education, and training required to perform the job. The issue is what skills are required for the job, not what skills the individual employees may have. For example, two bookkeeping jobs could be", "title": "Equal Pay Day" }, { "docid": "1831083", "text": "Theories of technological change and innovation attempt to explain the factors that shape technological innovation as well as the impact of technology on society and culture. Some of the most contemporary theories of technological change reject two of the previous views: the linear model of technological innovation and other, the technological determinism. To challenge the linear model, some of today's theories of technological change and innovation point to the history of technology, where they find evidence that technological innovation often gives rise to new scientific fields, and emphasizes the important role that social networks and cultural values play in creating and shaping technological artifacts. To challenge the so-called \"technological determinism\", today's theories of technological change emphasize the scope of the need of technical choice, which they find to be greater than most laypeople can realize; as scientists in philosophy of science, and further science and technology often like to say about this \"It could have been different.\" For this reason, theorists who take these positions often argue that a greater public involvement in technological decision-making is desired. Sociological theories Sociological theories and researches of the Society and the Social focus on how human and technology actually interact and may even affect each other. Some theories are about how political decisions are made for both humans and technology, with here humans and technology are seen as an equal field in the political decision, where humans also make, use, and even move ahead with innovations the technology. The interactions that are used in the majority of the theories on this topic look at the individual human interactions with technological equipment, but there is also a sub-group for the group of people interacting with technology. The theories described are, according to some critiques, purposefully made vague and ambiguous, as the circumstances for the theories change with human culture and technological change and innovation. Descriptive approaches Social constructivism and technology argues that technology may not determine the human action, but human action may shape technological use. Key concepts here include: interpretive flexibility: \"Technological artifacts are culturally constructed and interpreted ... By this, we mean not only is there flexibility in how people think of or interpret artifacts but also there is flexibility in how artifacts are designed.\" And so the technological artifacts may determine and shape what that specific technology tool will symbolize and represent in society or in a culture. This is in relation to the Social constructivism and technology theory because it shows how humans symbolize technology, by shaping it. Relevant social group shares a particular set of meanings about a given artifact Economical stabilization is often about when the relevant social group has reached a consensus, according to technological change and innovation criticism Wider context: \"the sociocultural and political situation of a social group shapes its norms and values, which in turn influence the meaning given to an artifact\" Key authors here include MacKenzie and Wajcman (1985). Actor-network theory (ANT) is about a heterogeneous network of humans and even non-humans as", "title": "Theories of technology" }, { "docid": "26983399", "text": "The mass–action ratio, often denoted by , is the ratio of the product concentrations, p, to reactant concentrations, s. The concentrations may or may not be at equilibrium. This assumes that the stoichiometric amounts are all unity. If not, then each concentration must be raised to the power of its corresponding stoichiometric amount. If the product and reactant concentrations are at equilibrium then the mass–action ratio will equal the equilibrium constant. At equilibrium: The ratio of the mass–action ratio to the equilibrium constant is often called the disequilibrium ratio, denoted by the symbol . and is a useful measure for indicating how from equilibrium a given reaction is. At equilibrium . The ratio is always greater than zero, When the reaction is out of equilibrium, . If the reaction has a negative free energy, then . For a uni-molecular reaction such as , where the net reaction rate is given by the reversible mass-action ratio: At thermodynamic equilibrium the rate equals zero, that is . Rearranging gives: but , therefore and therefore In other words the disequilibrium ratio is the ratio of the reverse to the forward rate. When the reverse rate, is less than the forward rate, the ratio is less than one, , indicating that the net reaction is from left to right. Relationship to Free Energy If the natural log is taken on both sides of the disequilibrium ratio and both sides is multiplied by RT, one obtains: However, is the standard free energy, so that is the free energy of the reaction. This shows that the free energy of a reaction is just an alternative way of expressing the disequilibrium ratio and as such gives a more intuitive interpretation of free energy. That is if the free energy for a reaction is less than zero then it indicates that and hence , i.e the net reaction rate is from left to right. References Other sources Atkins, P.W. (1978). Physical Chemistry Oxford University Press Trevor Palmer (2001) Enzymes: biochemistry, biotechnology and clinical chemistry Chichester Horwood Publishing Physical chemistry", "title": "Mass–action ratio" }, { "docid": "2500759", "text": "The volt-ampere (SI symbol: VA, sometimes V⋅A or V A) is the unit of measurement for apparent power in an electrical circuit. It is the product of the root mean square voltage (in volts) and the root mean square current (in amperes). Volt-amperes are usually used for analyzing alternating current (AC) circuits. In direct current (DC) circuits, this product is equal to the real power, measured in watts. The volt-ampere is dimensionally equivalent to the watt: in SI units, 1 V⋅A = 1 W. VA rating is most used for generators and transformers, and other power handling equipment, where loads may be reactive (inductive or capacitive). Formulation For a simple electrical circuit running on direct current, the electrical current and voltage are constant. In that case, the real power (P, measured in watts) is the product of the current (I, measured in amperes) and the voltage from one side of the circuit to the other (V, measured in volts): For alternating current, both the voltage and current are oscillating. Instantaneous power is still the product of instantaneous current and instantaneous voltage, but if both of those are ideal sine waves driving a purely resistive load (like an incandescent light bulb), average power becomes (with subscripts designating average (av), peak amplitude (pk) and root mean square (rms)): More generally, when voltage and current are not in phase, these products no longer represent average power but a new apparent power (S), measured in volt-amperes: Usage The relationship between real power and apparent power is described by the power factor. With a purely resistive load, they are the same: the apparent power is equal to the real power. Where a reactive (capacitive or inductive) component is present in the load, the apparent power is greater than the real power as voltage and current are no longer in phase. In the limiting case of a purely reactive load, current is drawn but no power is dissipated in the load. Some devices, including uninterruptible power supplies (UPSs), have ratings both for maximum volt-amperes and maximum watts. A common prefixed derived unit is \"kilovolt-ampere\" (symbol kVA). The VA rating is limited by the maximum permissible current, and the watt rating by the power-handling capacity of the device. When a UPS powers equipment which presents a reactive load with a low power factor, neither limit may safely be exceeded. For example, a (large) UPS system rated to deliver 400,000 volt-amperes (400 kVA) at 220 volts can deliver a current of 1818 amperes (these are RMS values). VA ratings are also often used for transformers; maximum output current is then VA rating divided by nominal output voltage. Transformers with the same sized core usually have the same VA rating. The convention of using the volt-ampere to distinguish apparent power from real power is allowed by the SI standard. Volt-ampere reactive In electric power transmission and distribution, volt-ampere reactive (var) is a unit of measurement of reactive power. Reactive power exists in an AC circuit when the current and", "title": "Volt-ampere" }, { "docid": "50055537", "text": "A crossed polygon is a polygon in the plane with a turning number or density of zero, with the appearance of a figure 8, infinity symbol, or lemniscate curve. Crossed polygons are related to star polygons which have turning numbers greater than 1. The vertices with clockwise turning angles equal the vertices with counterclockwise turning angles. A crossed polygon will always have at least 2 edges or vertices intersecting or coinciding. Any convex polygon with 4 or more sides can be remade into a crossed polygon by swapping the positions of two adjacent vertices. Crossed polygons are common as vertex figures of uniform star polyhedra. Crossed quadrilateral Crossed quadrilaterals are most common, including: crossed parallelogram or antiparallelogram, a crossed quadrilateral with alternate edges of equal length. crossed trapezoid''' has two opposite parallel edges. crossed rectangle, an antiparallelogram whose edges are two opposite sides and the two diagonals of a rectangle.Crossed square'', a crossed rectangle with two equal opposite sides and two diagonals of a square. See also Skew polygon References Types of polygons", "title": "Crossed polygon" }, { "docid": "41250", "text": "An identifier is a name that identifies (that is, labels the identity of) either a unique object or a unique class of objects, where the \"object\" or class may be an idea, physical countable object (or class thereof), or physical noncountable substance (or class thereof). The abbreviation ID (or Id) often refers to identity, identification (the process of identifying), or an identifier (that is, an instance of identification). An identifier may be a word, number, letter, symbol, or any combination of those. The words, numbers, letters, or symbols may follow an encoding system (wherein letters, digits, words, or symbols stand for [represent] ideas or longer names) or they may simply be arbitrary. When an identifier follows an encoding system, it is often referred to as a code or id code. For instance the ISO/IEC 11179 metadata registry standard defines a code as system of valid symbols that substitute for longer values in contrast to identifiers without symbolic meaning. Identifiers that do not follow any encoding scheme are often said to be arbitrary Ids; they are arbitrarily assigned and have no greater meaning. (Sometimes identifiers are called \"codes\" even when they are actually arbitrary, whether because the speaker believes that they have deeper meaning or simply because they are speaking casually and imprecisely.) The unique identifier (UID) is an identifier that refers to only one instance—only one particular object in the universe. A part number is an identifier, but it is not a unique identifier—for that, a serial number is needed, to identify each instance of the part design. Thus the identifier \"Model T\" identifies the class (model) of automobiles that Ford's Model T comprises; whereas the unique identifier \"Model T Serial Number 159,862\" identifies one specific member of that class—that is, one particular Model T car, owned by one specific person. The concepts of name and identifier are denotatively equal, and the terms are thus denotatively synonymous; but they are not always connotatively synonymous, because code names and Id numbers are often connotatively distinguished from names in the sense of traditional natural language naming. For example, both \"Jamie Zawinski\" and \"Netscape employee number 20\" are identifiers for the same specific human being; but normal English-language connotation may consider \"Jamie Zawinski\" a \"name\" and not an \"identifier\", whereas it considers \"Netscape employee number 20\" an \"identifier\" but not a \"name.\" This is an emic indistinction rather than an etic one. Metadata In metadata, an identifier is a language-independent label, sign or token that uniquely identifies an object within an identification scheme. The suffix \"identifier\" is also used as a representation term when naming a data element. ID codes may inherently carry metadata along with them. For example, when you know that the food package in front of you has the identifier \"2011-09-25T15:42Z-MFR5-P02-243-45\", you not only have that data, you also have the metadata that tells you that it was packaged on September 25, 2011, at 3:42pm UTC, manufactured by Licensed Vendor Number 5, at the Peoria, IL, USA plant, in Building", "title": "Identifier" }, { "docid": "11033535", "text": "The less-than sign is a mathematical symbol that denotes an inequality between two values. The widely adopted form of two equal-length strokes connecting in an acute angle at the left, , has been found in documents dated as far back as the 1560s. In mathematical writing, the less-than sign is typically placed between two values being compared and signifies that the first number is less than the second number. Examples of typical usage include and . Since the development of computer programming languages, the less-than sign and the greater-than sign have been repurposed for a range of uses and operations. Computing The less-than sign, , is an original ASCII character (hex 3C, decimal 60). Programming In BASIC, Lisp-family languages, and C-family languages (including Java and C++), comparison operator < means \"less than\". In Coldfusion, operator .lt. means \"less than\". In Fortran, operator .LT. means \"less than\"; later versions allow <. Shell scripts In Bourne shell (and many other shells), operator -lt means \"less than\". Less-than sign is used to redirect input from a file. Less-than plus ampersand () is used to redirect from a file descriptor. Double less-than sign The double less-than sign, , may be used for an approximation of the much-less-than sign () or of the opening guillemet (). ASCII does not encode either of these signs, though they are both included in Unicode. In Bash, Perl, and Ruby, operator (where \"EOF\" is an arbitrary string, but commonly \"EOF\" denoting \"end of file\") is used to denote the beginning of a here document. In C and C++, operator represents a binary left shift. In the C++ Standard Library, operator , when applied on an output stream, acts as insertion operator and performs an output operation on the stream. In Ruby, operator acts as append operator when used between an array and the value to be appended. In XPath the operator returns true if the left operand precedes the right operand in document order; otherwise it returns false. Triple less-than sign In PHP, operator is used to denote the beginning of a heredoc statement (where OUTPUT is an arbitrary named variable.) In Bash, is used as a \"here string\", where is expanded and supplied to the command on its standard input, similar to a heredoc. Less-than sign with equals sign The less-than sign with the equals sign, , may be used for an approximation of the less-than-or-equal-to sign, . ASCII does not have a less-than-or-equal-to sign, but Unicode defines it at code point U+2264. In BASIC, Lisp-family languages, and C-family languages (including Java and C++), operator means \"less than or equal to\". In Sinclair BASIC it is encoded as a single-byte code point token. In Prolog, means \"less than or equal to\" (as distinct from the arrow ). In Fortran, operators and both mean \"less than or equal to\". In Bourne shell and Windows PowerShell, the operator means \"less than or equal to\". Less-than sign with hyphen-minus In the R programming language, the less-than sign is used in conjunction", "title": "Less-than sign" }, { "docid": "76956", "text": "In geometry and trigonometry, a right angle is an angle of exactly 90 degrees or radians corresponding to a quarter turn. If a ray is placed so that its endpoint is on a line and the adjacent angles are equal, then they are right angles. The term is a calque of Latin angulus rectus; here rectus means \"upright\", referring to the vertical perpendicular to a horizontal base line. Closely related and important geometrical concepts are perpendicular lines, meaning lines that form right angles at their point of intersection, and orthogonality, which is the property of forming right angles, usually applied to vectors. The presence of a right angle in a triangle is the defining factor for right triangles, making the right angle basic to trigonometry. Etymology The meaning of right in right angle possibly refers to the Latin adjective rectus 'erect, straight, upright, perpendicular'. A Greek equivalent is orthos 'straight; perpendicular' (see orthogonality). In elementary geometry A rectangle is a quadrilateral with four right angles. A square has four right angles, in addition to equal-length sides. The Pythagorean theorem states how to determine when a triangle is a right triangle. Symbols In Unicode, the symbol for a right angle is . It should not be confused with the similarly shaped symbol . Related symbols are , , and . In diagrams, the fact that an angle is a right angle is usually expressed by adding a small right angle that forms a square with the angle in the diagram, as seen in the diagram of a right triangle (in British English, a right-angled triangle) to the right. The symbol for a measured angle, an arc, with a dot, is used in some European countries, including German-speaking countries and Poland, as an alternative symbol for a right angle. Euclid Right angles are fundamental in Euclid's Elements. They are defined in Book 1, definition 10, which also defines perpendicular lines. Definition 10 does not use numerical degree measurements but rather touches at the very heart of what a right angle is, namely two straight lines intersecting to form two equal and adjacent angles. The straight lines which form right angles are called perpendicular. Euclid uses right angles in definitions 11 and 12 to define acute angles (those smaller than a right angle) and obtuse angles (those greater than a right angle). Two angles are called complementary if their sum is a right angle. Book 1 Postulate 4 states that all right angles are equal, which allows Euclid to use a right angle as a unit to measure other angles with. Euclid's commentator Proclus gave a proof of this postulate using the previous postulates, but it may be argued that this proof makes use of some hidden assumptions. Saccheri gave a proof as well but using a more explicit assumption. In Hilbert's axiomatization of geometry this statement is given as a theorem, but only after much groundwork. One may argue that, even if postulate 4 can be proven from the preceding ones, in", "title": "Right angle" }, { "docid": "3251996", "text": "Color BASIC is the implementation of Microsoft BASIC that is included in the ROM of the Tandy/Radio Shack TRS-80 Color Computers manufactured between 1980 and 1991. BASIC (Beginner's All-purpose Symbolic Instruction Code) is a high level language with simple syntax that makes it easy to write simple programs. Color BASIC is interpreted, that is, decoded as it is run. Background The nucleus of Color BASIC was Microsoft BASIC-69 which Tandy licensed from Microsoft. Color BASIC 1.0 was released with the original 4k TRS-80 Color Computer in 1980. It resides on 8k bytes of ROM, and is responsible for all 'housekeeping' duties on the system. This includes hardware initialization, memory management, interrupt processing, etc. Like most implementations of BASIC, each line of code starts with a line number and consists of one or more statements with variables and operators. 16k of memory is required for the next level of BASIC, Extended Color BASIC. (\"ECB\") Extended BASIC is required for the floppy disk controller, which then gives you Disk Extended Color BASIC. (\"DECB\") Emulators of the Color Computers running this interpreter and the others are available for modern computers, some of which require a \"snapshot\" file of the physical machine. Variables Color BASIC understands one type of numeric variable and string variables. Variable names in Color BASIC have the first two characters significant. The first character of the variable name must be a letter. The second can be either a letter or number. String variables are indicated by adding a dollar sign ($) after the variable name. Examples A=5 A$=\"THIS IS A STRING\" K7=10 BB$=\"HELLO!\" ZZ=1.54 Numeric variables have only one type, a binary floating point implementation. Each numeric variable uses 5 bytes of memory and can be in the range from -1E+38 up to 1E+37. Unlike most implementations of Microsoft BASIC, Color BASIC requires the user to reserve space for string variables via the CLEAR statement. Multidimensional arrays are also supported with both numeric and string variables. In the case of an array, the element address is enclosed with a parenthesis: A(1)=1 A$(1)=\"BOOKS\" Multiple dimensions are separated by commas A(1,3)=4 A$(2,2)=\"XYZ123\" Operators and Symbols Color BASIC provides several operators for both mathematic and, to a lesser extent, string operations. + can be used to concatenate strings or for mathematical addition - is used for subtraction * is used for multiplication / is used for division Parenthesis ( ) are used to override mathematical order of operation AND is used for logical 'and' operations OR is used for logical 'or' operations NOT is used for logical 'not' operations For testing, the following operators are used: = is equal to > is greater than < is less than >= is greater than or equal to (also => is acceptable) <= is less than or equal to (also =< is acceptable) <> is not equal to (also >< is acceptable) Other symbols used in BASIC: \" \" indicates string data is a constant (static) : separates multiple commands on a single program line A", "title": "Color BASIC" }, { "docid": "64425750", "text": "Orthogonal Time Frequency Space (OTFS) is a 2D modulation technique that transforms the information carried in the Delay-Doppler coordinate system. The information is transformed in the similar time-frequency domain as utilized by the traditional schemes of modulation such as TDMA, CDMA, and OFDM. It was first used for fixed wireless, and is now a contending waveform for 6G technology due to its robustness in high-speed vehicular scenarios. Overview OTFS is a modulation scheme where each transmitted symbol experiences a near-constant channel gain even in channels at high carrier frequencies (mm-wave) or with high Doppler. This OTFS signal is well localized in both time and frequency domain. The transmitted signal is in the delay-doppler domain. OTFS waveform remains invariant under the operation of the time and frequency domains. When we transmit an OTFS waveform in the delay-doppler domain, we use the Zak transform. This OTFS will satisfy Heisenberg Uncertainty principle (signal is localized in delay-doppler representation). It effectively transforms the time-varying multipath channel into a 2D channel in the Delay-Doppler domain. Using this transformation, along with equalization within this domain, each symbol experiences similar channel gain throughout the transmission. The modulation begins with first mapping the information symbols x[k,l] in the Delay–Doppler domain to symbols X [n, m] for creating the time-domain signal s(t) which is transmitted over a wireless channel. At the receiver end, the time-domain signal r(t) is mapped to the domain of time-frequency using the Wigner transform which is the inverse of Heisenberg transform and then for symbol demodulation uses the Delay–Doppler domain. The technology is being considered for 6G networks. In terms of transmission, the transmit signals of OTFS in either discrete time sequence or continuous time waveform are the same as that of single antenna vector OFDM (VOFDM) systems (Proceedings of ICC 2000, New Orleans, and IEEE Trans. on Communications, Aug. 2001), no matter a channel is stationary or not. Channel Equalization and Estimation Low complexity equalization has been proposed based on Message Passing (MP), Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC), and Linear equalization methods. The diversity of OTFS modulation has been studied in. Channel estimation pilots are transmitted in the delay Doppler domain. Iterative Rake decision feedback equalization achieves equivalent performance to message passing with a much lower complexity that is independent of the modulation size. The performance of OTFS modulation in static multi-path channels has also been studied. Practical Pulse Shaping Waveforms It is impossible to transmit an ideal pulse shape due to the time-frequency uncertainty principle. This motivated some works for practical pulse shaped OTFS systems. Pulsone A pulsone (stands for pulse + tone) is the time realization of a quasi-periodic pulse in delay-Doppler and it serves as the carrier waveform of the OTFS modulation format. Of particular interest are pulsones in the crystalline regime (when the periods are greater than the spread of the channel). In this regime, the pulsone remains invariant under the operations of time delay and Doppler shift which results with non-fading and predictable channel interaction, rendering pulsones ideal for", "title": "Orthogonal Time Frequency Space" }, { "docid": "57766532", "text": "The flag of Riga is one of the official symbols of Riga, along with the coat of arms of Riga. The flag consists of a horizontal bicolour of blue and white, with the coat of arms of Riga in the middle. Design The regulation on the flag of Riga, standard of the City Council chairman (Mayor) of Riga, and the flagship pennant of Riga, on the Riga City Council Binding Regulations No.181, states that: Flag of Riga The flag of Riga is divided into equal parts, with blue at the top and white at the bottom. The color ratio of the flag is 1:1. The ratio of the width and length of the flag is 1:2. The greater coat of arms of Riga on the flag is placed in the middle of the flag and depicted on the obverse and reverse sides of the flag, which is 2/5 of the width of the flag For example, if the flag's dimensions are 1 × 2 m and 1.5 × 3 m; the heights of the coats of arms are 40 cm and 60 cm respectively. Standard of the City Council chairman of Riga The standard of the chairman of the Riga City Council is based on white fabric with 2 cm wide blue borders. On both sides of the white square is the greater coat of arms of Riga. The coat of arms on the standard is 2/5 of the total standard's height. The standard dimensions are 30 cm long and 15 cm wide. Flagship pennant of Riga The flagship of Riga city flag is a trapezoidal fabric ribbon corresponding to the colors and color proportions of the Riga city flag. Colours The colours of the flag and the coat of arms are regulated in the Riga City Council Binding Regulations No.181. Flag Coat of arms Regulation on the flagpole The flag base's color is white. The upper end of the flagpole is flat, rounded, several centimeters larger than the diameter of the stem. The upper end of the chest may also be a decorative tapered, spherical, elliptical tip or cap, in which two crossed keys are represented. Usage The flag should be used free of charge by the person on the buildings in the administrative territory of Riga without the permission of the Symbolic Commission. The flag is permanently placed at the Riga City Council, the Riga City Municipality Administration and other buildings of the Riga City Municipality. The flag is prohibited for use: at buildings in an emergency condition; at buildings for which the facade is being repaired; in a damaged or faded condition. The flag can be used for representational and decorative purposes, maintaining proportions of certain length, width and color. The flag is used on a flag-scale basis, meaning that the display of the flag should maintain the color and length-width ratio. It is forbidden to use the flag pennant of Riga on the facade of a building. Individuals and organizations who use the flag for commercial", "title": "Flag of Riga" }, { "docid": "571280", "text": "Stratification has several usages in mathematics. In mathematical logic In mathematical logic, stratification is any consistent assignment of numbers to predicate symbols guaranteeing that a unique formal interpretation of a logical theory exists. Specifically, we say that a set of clauses of the form is stratified if and only if there is a stratification assignment S that fulfills the following conditions: If a predicate P is positively derived from a predicate Q (i.e., P is the head of a rule, and Q occurs positively in the body of the same rule), then the stratification number of P must be greater than or equal to the stratification number of Q, in short . If a predicate P is derived from a negated predicate Q (i.e., P is the head of a rule, and Q occurs negatively in the body of the same rule), then the stratification number of P must be greater than the stratification number of Q, in short . The notion of stratified negation leads to a very effective operational semantics for stratified programs in terms of the stratified least fixpoint, that is obtained by iteratively applying the fixpoint operator to each stratum of the program, from the lowest one up. Stratification is not only useful for guaranteeing unique interpretation of Horn clause theories. In a specific set theory In New Foundations (NF) and related set theories, a formula in the language of first-order logic with equality and membership is said to be stratified if and only if there is a function which sends each variable appearing in (considered as an item of syntax) to a natural number (this works equally well if all integers are used) in such a way that any atomic formula appearing in satisfies and any atomic formula appearing in satisfies . It turns out that it is sufficient to require that these conditions be satisfied only when both variables in an atomic formula are bound in the set abstract under consideration. A set abstract satisfying this weaker condition is said to be weakly stratified. The stratification of New Foundations generalizes readily to languages with more predicates and with term constructions. Each primitive predicate needs to have specified required displacements between values of at its (bound) arguments in a (weakly) stratified formula. In a language with term constructions, terms themselves need to be assigned values under , with fixed displacements from the values of each of their (bound) arguments in a (weakly) stratified formula. Defined term constructions are neatly handled by (possibly merely implicitly) using the theory of descriptions: a term (the x such that ) must be assigned the same value under as the variable x. A formula is stratified if and only if it is possible to assign types to all variables appearing in the formula in such a way that it will make sense in a version TST of the theory of types described in the New Foundations article, and this is probably the best way to understand the stratification of New", "title": "Stratification (mathematics)" }, { "docid": "11033536", "text": "The greater-than sign is a mathematical symbol that denotes an inequality between two values. The widely adopted form of two equal-length strokes connecting in an acute angle at the right, , has been found in documents dated as far back as 1631. In mathematical writing, the greater-than sign is typically placed between two values being compared and signifies that the first number is greater than the second number. Examples of typical usage include and . The less-than sign and greater-than sign always \"point\" to the smaller number. Since the development of computer programming languages, the greater-than sign and the less-than sign have been repurposed for a range of uses and operations. History The earliest known use of the symbols and is found in (The Analytical Arts Applied to Solving Algebraic Equations) by Thomas Harriot, published posthumously in 1631. The text states \" a > b a b (The sign of majority a > b indicates that a is greater than b)\" and \" a < b a b (The sign of minority a < b indicates that a is less than b).\" According to historian Art Johnson, while Harriot was surveying North America, he saw a Native American with a symbol that resembled the greater-than sign, in both backwards and forwards forms. Johnson says it is likely Harriot developed the two symbols from this symbol. Usage in text markup Angle brackets The greater-than sign is sometimes used for an approximation of the closing angle bracket, . The proper Unicode character is . ASCII does not have angular brackets. HTML In HTML (and SGML and XML), the greater-than sign is used at the end of tags. The greater-than sign may be included with , while produces the greater-than or equal to sign. E-mail and Markdown In some early e-mail systems, the greater-than sign was used to denote quotations. The sign is also used to denote quotations in Markdown. Usage in programming The 'greater-than sign' is encoded in ASCII as character hex 3E, decimal 62. The Unicode code point is , inherited from ASCII. For use with HTML, the mnemonics or may also be used. Programming language BASIC and C-family languages (including Java and C++) use the comparison operator to mean \"greater than\". In Lisp-family languages, is a function used to mean \"greater than\". In Coldfusion and Fortran, operator means \"greater than\". Double greater-than sign The double greater-than sign, , is used for an approximation of the much-greater-than sign . ASCII does not have the much greater-than sign. The double greater-than sign is also used for an approximation of the closing guillemet, . In Java, C, and C++, the operator is the right-shift operator. In C++ it is also used to get input from a stream, similar to the C functions and . In Haskell, the function is a monadic operator. It is used for sequentially composing two actions, discarding any value produced by the first. In that regard, it is like the statement sequencing operator in imperative languages, such as the", "title": "Greater-than sign" }, { "docid": "65074851", "text": "Native American women influenced early women's suffrage activists in the United States. The Iroquois nations, which had an egalitarian society, were visited by early feminists and suffragists, such as Lydia Maria Child, Matilda Joslyn Gage, Lucretia Mott, and Elizabeth Cady Stanton. These women discussed how Native American women had authority in their own cultures at various feminist conventions and also in the news. Native American women became a symbol for some suffrage activists. However, other white suffragists actively excluded Native American people from the movement. When the Nineteenth Amendment was passed in 1920, suffragist Zitkala-Sa (Yankton Sioux), commented that Native Americans still had more work to do in order to vote. It was not until 1924 that many Native Americans could vote under the Indian Citizenship Act. In many states, there were additional barriers to Native American voting rights. Influences on women's suffrage movement Early feminist movements in the United States were influenced by Native women, especially Iroquois women. In 1848, Lucretia Mott and her husband visited the Seneca people where she was able to see women living in a more equal society than in her own. When Mott visited friends in New York to plan the Seneca Falls Convention, she shared the stories about the Seneca's more equal treatment of women and their participatory role in tribal government. Iroquois women headed the family structures and both nominated and monitored the work of leaders in their communities. Mott also saw women in these communities work towards greater independence in their own lives. Matilda Joslyn Gage was also influenced by the structure of society in the Iroquois. Gage believed that Native societies lived in a way that was a model for creating a lasting peace in the world. She wrote articles in the New York Evening Post praising Native cultures like the Iroquois for the contributions of women to their society and their ability to make important decisions for the community. Lydia Maria Child also saw the social structure of Native Americans as \"an alternative to patriarchy,\" and Elizabeth Cady Stanton referenced the culture of the Iroquois as being \"matriarchal.\" Bear-clan mother of the Mohawk Nation, Louise McDonald Herne, stated that it was Native women who \"showed white women what freedom and liberty really looked like.\" Alice Fletcher shared stories about the equal rights of women in Native American cultures at the International Council of Women in 1888. At the National Council of Women in 1891, Stanton again brought up the authority women held in Iroquois culture. Chair of the Oregon Equal Suffrage Association (OESA), Eva Marie Dye, worked to get Sacagawea (Lemhi Shoshone) recognized as a national hero. Dye's work at creating a statue in Sacagawea's honor was central to much of the suffrage work in Oregon. The National American Women Suffrage Association (NAWSA) held its national convention at the unveiling of the statue in Portland in 1905. In August 1909 suffragist Sophia Loebinger brought three Iroquois people to her speech at Palisades Amusement Park. She said, \"I am reminded", "title": "Native Americans and women's suffrage in the United States" }, { "docid": "22105661", "text": "In mathematics, the Levi-Civita field, named after Tullio Levi-Civita, is a non-Archimedean ordered field; i.e., a system of numbers containing infinite and infinitesimal quantities. It is usually denoted . Each member can be constructed as a formal series of the form where is the set of rational numbers, the coefficients are real numbers, and is to be interpreted as a fixed positive infinitesimal. We require that for every rational number , there are only finitely many less that with ; this restriction is necessary in order to make multiplication and division well defined and unique. Two such series are considered equal only if all their coefficients are equal. The ordering is defined according to the dictionary ordering of the list of coefficients, which is equivalent to the assumption that is an infinitesimal. The real numbers are embedded in this field as series in which all of the coefficients vanish except . Examples is an infinitesimal that is greater than , but less than every positive real number. is less than , and is also less than for any positive real . differs infinitesimally from 1. is greater than and even greater than for any positive real , but is still less than every positive real number. is greater than any real number. is interpreted as , which differs infinitesimally from 1. is a valid member of the field, because the series is to be construed formally, without any consideration of convergence. Definition of the field operations and positive cone If and are two Levi-Civita series, then their sum is the pointwise sum . their product is the Cauchy product . (One can check that for every the set is finite, so that all the products are well-defined, and that the resulting series defines a valid Levi-Civita series.) the relation holds if (i.e. at least one coefficient of is non-zero) and the least non-zero coefficient of is strictly positive. Equipped with those operations and order, the Levi-Civita field is indeed an ordered field extension of where the series is a positive infinitesimal. Properties and applications The Levi-Civita field is real-closed, meaning that it can be algebraically closed by adjoining an imaginary unit (i), or by letting the coefficients be complex. It is rich enough to allow a significant amount of analysis to be done, but its elements can still be represented on a computer in the same sense that real numbers can be represented using floating point. It is the basis of automatic differentiation, a way to perform differentiation in cases that are intractable by symbolic differentiation or finite-difference methods. The Levi-Civita field is also Cauchy complete, meaning that relativizing the definitions of Cauchy sequence and convergent sequence to sequences of Levi-Civita series, each Cauchy sequence in the field converges. Equivalently, it has no proper dense ordered field extension. As an ordered field, it has a natural valuation given by the rational exponent corresponding to the first non zero coefficient of a Levi-Civita series. The valuation ring is that of series", "title": "Levi-Civita field" }, { "docid": "8890014", "text": "In number theory, a perfect totient number is an integer that is equal to the sum of its iterated totients. That is, one applies the totient function to a number n, apply it again to the resulting totient, and so on, until the number 1 is reached, and adds together the resulting sequence of numbers; if the sum equals n, then n is a perfect totient number. Examples For example, there are six positive integers less than 9 and relatively prime to it, so the totient of 9 is 6; there are two numbers less than 6 and relatively prime to it, so the totient of 6 is 2; and there is one number less than 2 and relatively prime to it, so the totient of 2 is 1; and , so 9 is a perfect totient number. The first few perfect totient numbers are 3, 9, 15, 27, 39, 81, 111, 183, 243, 255, 327, 363, 471, 729, 2187, 2199, 3063, 4359, 4375, ... . Notation In symbols, one writes for the iterated totient function. Then if c is the integer such that one has that n is a perfect totient number if Multiples and powers of three It can be observed that many perfect totient are multiples of 3; in fact, 4375 is the smallest perfect totient number that is not divisible by 3. All powers of 3 are perfect totient numbers, as may be seen by induction using the fact that Venkataraman (1975) found another family of perfect totient numbers: if is prime, then 3p is a perfect totient number. The values of k leading to perfect totient numbers in this way are 0, 1, 2, 3, 6, 14, 15, 39, 201, 249, 1005, 1254, 1635, ... . More generally if p is a prime number greater than 3, and 3p is a perfect totient number, then p ≡ 1 (mod 4) (Mohan and Suryanarayana 1982). Not all p of this form lead to perfect totient numbers; for instance, 51 is not a perfect totient number. Iannucci et al. (2003) showed that if 9p is a perfect totient number then p is a prime of one of three specific forms listed in their paper. It is not known whether there are any perfect totient numbers of the form 3kp where p is prime and k > 3. References Integer sequences", "title": "Perfect totient number" }, { "docid": "4089175", "text": "In logic, a logical constant or constant symbol of a language is a symbol that has the same semantic value under every interpretation of . Two important types of logical constants are logical connectives and quantifiers. The equality predicate (usually written '=') is also treated as a logical constant in many systems of logic. One of the fundamental questions in the philosophy of logic is \"What is a logical constant?\"; that is, what special feature of certain constants makes them logical in nature? Some symbols that are commonly treated as logical constants are: Many of these logical constants are sometimes denoted by alternate symbols (for instance, the use of the symbol \"&\" rather than \"∧\" to denote the logical and). Defining logical constants is a major part of the work of Gottlob Frege and Bertrand Russell. Russell returned to the subject of logical constants in the preface to the second edition (1937) of The Principles of Mathematics noting that logic becomes linguistic: \"If we are to say anything definite about them, [they] must be treated as part of the language, not as part of what the language speaks about.\" The text of this book uses relations R, their converses and complements as primitive notions, also taken as logical constants in the form aRb. See also Logical connective Logical value Non-logical symbol References External links Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy entry on logical constants Concepts in logic Logic symbols Logical truth Philosophical logic Syntax (logic) Constants", "title": "Logical constant" }, { "docid": "10288698", "text": "Legibility is the ease with which a reader can decode symbols. In addition to written language, it can also refer to behaviour or architecture, for example. From the perspective of communication research, it can be described as a measure of the permeability of a communication channel. A large number of known factors can affect legibility. In everyday language, legibility is commonly used as a synonym for readability. In graphic design, however, legibility is often distinguished from readability. Readability is the ease with which a reader can follow and understand words, sentences and paragraphs. While legibility usually refers to the visual clarity of individual symbols, readability is more about their arrangement or even the choice of words. Legibility is a component of readability. The legibility of text is most often examined by controlled deterioration of viewing conditions and determination of threshold detection. Not all writing benefits from optimizing for legibility. Texts that are supposed to be eye-catching or whose appearance is supposed to hold certain connotations could deliberately deviate from easy legibility for these purposes. Corresponding typefaces are called display typefaces. Influencing factors The legibility of visual displays (e.g. text) depends on: environmental conditions or interferences, such as lighting or vibrations (e.g. from walking), which affect the human visual system the viewing distance (i.e. the angular size of the symbols) the font design the reproduction quality (e.g. sufficient brightness contrast between symbols and their background), which may be limited by the technology of the presentation medium abilities and fitness of the readers While a difference in viewing distance equally affects the angular size of symbols and their optical resolution, the former has a much greater effect on legibility. A few decades ago, screens were less legible than print on paper, but this is no longer true with newer screens. It has been shown that threshold legibility performance correlates inversely with the age of the readers. Older readers are disproportionately affected by other adverse factors in visual design, such as small text size. Typography \"The legibility of a typeface is related to the characteristics inherent in its design … which relate to the ability to distinguish one letter from the other.\" Aspects of type design that affect legibility include \"x-height, character shapes, stroke contrast, the size of its counters, serifs or lack thereof, and weight.\" Other typographic factors that affect legibility include font choice, angular size (point size vs. viewing distance), kerning, cases used, tracking, line length, leading, and justification. While readers may like or dislike fonts based on the familiarity of their appearance, they nevertheless achieve a comparable reading performance after a short period of familiarization with a new typeface, provided that the glyphs are equally clear and exhibit the essential features of the represented letter. Reducing the stroke width below a certain point impairs legibility. Italic type is read more slowly. At the same point size, capital letters are easier to read in Latin script; but this is reversed if the cap height of the capitals is adjusted to the", "title": "Legibility" }, { "docid": "2012090", "text": "In computer programming, a one-pass compiler is a compiler that passes through the parts of each compilation unit only once, immediately translating each part into its final machine code. This is in contrast to a multi-pass compiler which converts the program into one or more intermediate representations in steps between source code and machine code, and which reprocesses the entire compilation unit in each sequential pass. This refers to the logical functioning of the compiler, not to the actual reading of the source file once only. For instance, the source file could be read once into temporary storage but that copy could then be scanned many times. The IBM 1130 Fortran compiler stored the source in memory and used many passes; by contrast the assembler, on systems lacking a disc storage unit, required that the source deck of cards be presented twice to the card reader/punch. Properties One-pass compilers are smaller and faster than multi-pass compilers. One-pass compilers are unable to generate as efficient programs as multi-pass compilers due to the limited scope of available information. Many effective compiler optimizations require multiple passes over a basic block, loop (especially nested loops), subroutine, or entire module. Some require passes over an entire program. Some programming languages simply cannot be compiled in a single pass, as a result of their design. For example PL/I allows data declarations to be placed anywhere within a program, specifically, after some references to the not-yet-declared items, so no code can be generated until the entire program has been scanned. The language definition also includes pre-processor statements that generate source code to be compiled: multiple passes are certain. In contrast, many programming languages have been designed specifically to be compiled with one-pass compilers, and include special constructs to allow one-pass compilation. Difficulties The basic problem is of forward references. The correct interpretation of a symbol at some point in the source file may be dependent on the presence or absence of other symbols further on in the source file and until they are encountered, correct code for the current symbol cannot be produced. This is the problem of context dependence, and the span can be anywhere from adjacent symbols to arbitrarily large amounts of source text. Local context Suppose that the symbol < is recognized as being for a \"less than\" comparison, as opposed to \"greater than\" for example. Because of character coding limitations, the glyph ≤ may not be available in a standard encoding, so a compound representation is to be allowed, \"<=\". Even though this context is determined by the very next symbol, it is unknown when \"<\" is encountered. Similarly, the symbol \"=\" does not always mean \"=\", as when it is a part of a compound symbol. Other compound symbols might include \".lt.\" for the case when the special character \"<\" is unavailable. Yet another possibility where a character code for the glyph ¬ (\"not\") is unavailable is \"<>\" for \"¬=\" or \"not equal\" - some systems employ ~ or ! for ¬", "title": "One-pass compiler" }, { "docid": "169637", "text": "In ancient Rome, imperium was a form of authority held by a citizen to control a military or governmental entity. It is distinct from auctoritas and potestas, different and generally inferior types of power in the Roman Republic and Empire. One's imperium could be over a specific military unit, or it could be over a province or territory. Individuals given such power were referred to as curule magistrates or promagistrates. These included the curule aedile, the praetor, the consul, the magister equitum, and the dictator. In a general sense, imperium was the scope of someone's power, and could include anything, such as public office, commerce, political influence, or wealth. Ancient Rome Imperium originally meant absolute or kingly power—the word being derived from the Latin verb imperare (to command)—which became somewhat limited under the Republic by the collegiality of the republican magistrates and the right of appeal, or provocatio, on the part of citizens. Imperium remained absolute in the army, and the power of the imperator (army commander) to punish remained uncurtailed. The title imperator later was exclusively held by the emperor, as the commander of the armed forces. In fact, the Latin word imperator is the root of the English word emperor. In ancient Rome, imperium could be used as a term indicating a characteristic of people, their wealth in property, or the measure of formal power they had. This qualification could be used in a rather loose context (for example, poets used it, not necessarily writing about state officials). However, in Roman society, it was also a more formal concept of legal authority. A man with imperium (an imperator) had, in principle, absolute authority to apply the law within the scope of his magistracy or promagistracy. He could be vetoed or overruled either by a magistrate or promagistrate who was a colleague with equal power (e.g., a fellow consul), by one whose imperium outranked his – that is, one of imperium maius (greater imperium), or by a tribune of the plebs. Some modern scholars such as A. H. M. Jones have defined imperium as \"the power vested by the state in a person to do what he considers to be in the best interests of the state\". Imperium was indicated in two prominent ways: a curule magistrate or promagistrate carried an ivory baton surmounted by an eagle as his personal symbol of office (compare the field marshal's baton); any such magistrate was also escorted by lictors bearing the fasces (traditional symbols of imperium and authority), when outside the pomerium, axes being added to the fasces to indicate an imperial magistrate's power to inflict capital punishment outside Rome (the axes being removed within the pomerium). The number of lictors in attendance upon a magistrate was an overt indication of the degree of imperium. When in the field, a curule magistrate possessing an imperium greater or equal to that of a praetor wore a sash ritually knotted on the front of his cuirass. Furthermore, any man executing imperium within his sphere", "title": "Imperium" }, { "docid": "44198675", "text": "The binomial sum variance inequality states that the variance of the sum of binomially distributed random variables will always be less than or equal to the variance of a binomial variable with the same n and p parameters. In probability theory and statistics, the sum of independent binomial random variables is itself a binomial random variable if all the component variables share the same success probability. If success probabilities differ, the probability distribution of the sum is not binomial. The lack of uniformity in success probabilities across independent trials leads to a smaller variance. and is a special case of a more general theorem involving the expected value of convex functions. In some statistical applications, the standard binomial variance estimator can be used even if the component probabilities differ, though with a variance estimate that has an upward bias. Inequality statement Consider the sum, Z, of two independent binomial random variables, X ~ B(m0, p0) and Y ~ B(m1, p1), where Z = X + Y. Then, the variance of Z is less than or equal to its variance under the assumption that p0 = p1, that is, if Z had a binomial distribution. Symbolically, . Proof We wish to prove that We will prove this inequality by finding an expression for Var(Z) and substituting it on the left-hand side, then showing that the inequality always holds. If Z has a binomial distribution with parameters n and p, then the expected value of Z is given by E[Z] = np and the variance of Z is given by Var[Z] = np(1 – p). Letting n = m0 + m1 and substituting E[Z] for np gives The random variables X and Y are independent, so the variance of the sum is equal to the sum of the variances, that is In order to prove the theorem, it is therefore sufficient to prove that Substituting E[X] + E[Y] for E[Z] gives Multiplying out the brackets and subtracting E[X] + E[Y] from both sides yields Multiplying out the brackets yields Subtracting E[X] and E[Y] from both sides and reversing the inequality gives Expanding the right-hand side gives Multiplying by yields Deducting the right-hand side gives the relation or equivalently The square of a real number is always greater than or equal to zero, so this is true for all independent binomial distributions that X and Y could take. This is sufficient to prove the theorem. Although this proof was developed for the sum of two variables, it is easily generalized to greater than two. Additionally, if the individual success probabilities are known, then the variance is known to take the form where . This expression also implies that the variance is always less than that of the binomial distribution with , because the standard expression for the variance is decreased by ns2, a positive number. Applications The inequality can be useful in the context of multiple testing, where many statistical hypothesis tests are conducted within a particular study. Each test can be treated", "title": "Binomial sum variance inequality" }, { "docid": "4904667", "text": "In geometry, triangle inequalities are inequalities involving the parameters of triangles, that hold for every triangle, or for every triangle meeting certain conditions. The inequalities give an ordering of two different values: they are of the form \"less than\", \"less than or equal to\", \"greater than\", or \"greater than or equal to\". The parameters in a triangle inequality can be the side lengths, the semiperimeter, the angle measures, the values of trigonometric functions of those angles, the area of the triangle, the medians of the sides, the altitudes, the lengths of the internal angle bisectors from each angle to the opposite side, the perpendicular bisectors of the sides, the distance from an arbitrary point to another point, the inradius, the exradii, the circumradius, and/or other quantities. Unless otherwise specified, this article deals with triangles in the Euclidean plane. Main parameters and notation The parameters most commonly appearing in triangle inequalities are: the side lengths a, b, and c; the semiperimeter s = (a + b + c) / 2 (half the perimeter p); the angle measures A, B, and C of the angles of the vertices opposite the respective sides a, b, and c (with the vertices denoted with the same symbols as their angle measures); the values of trigonometric functions of the angles; the area T of the triangle; the medians ma, mb, and mc of the sides (each being the length of the line segment from the midpoint of the side to the opposite vertex); the altitudes ha, hb, and hc (each being the length of a segment perpendicular to one side and reaching from that side (or possibly the extension of that side) to the opposite vertex); the lengths of the internal angle bisectors ta, tb, and tc (each being a segment from a vertex to the opposite side and bisecting the vertex's angle); the perpendicular bisectors pa, pb, and pc of the sides (each being the length of a segment perpendicular to one side at its midpoint and reaching to one of the other sides); the lengths of line segments with an endpoint at an arbitrary point P in the plane (for example, the length of the segment from P to vertex A is denoted PA or AP); the inradius r (radius of the circle inscribed in the triangle, tangent to all three sides), the exradii ra, rb, and rc (each being the radius of an excircle tangent to side a, b, or c respectively and tangent to the extensions of the other two sides), and the circumradius R (radius of the circle circumscribed around the triangle and passing through all three vertices). Side lengths The basic triangle inequality is or equivalently In addition, where the value of the right side is the lowest possible bound, approached asymptotically as certain classes of triangles approach the degenerate case of zero area. The left inequality, which holds for all positive a, b, c, is Nesbitt's inequality. We have If angle C is obtuse (greater than 90°) then if", "title": "List of triangle inequalities" }, { "docid": "26331205", "text": "In digital communications, a turbo equalizer is a type of receiver used to receive a message corrupted by a communication channel with intersymbol interference (ISI). It approaches the performance of a maximum a posteriori (MAP) receiver via iterative message passing between a soft-in soft-out (SISO) equalizer and a SISO decoder. It is related to turbo codes in that a turbo equalizer may be considered a type of iterative decoder if the channel is viewed as a non-redundant convolutional code. The turbo equalizer is different from classic a turbo-like code, however, in that the 'channel code' adds no redundancy and therefore can only be used to remove non-gaussian noise. History Turbo codes were invented by Claude Berrou in 1990–1991. In 1993, turbo codes were introduced publicly via a paper listing authors Berrou, Glavieux, and Thitimajshima. In 1995 a novel extension of the turbo principle was applied to an equalizer by Douillard, Jézéquel, and Berrou. In particular, they formulated the ISI receiver problem as a turbo code decoding problem, where the channel is thought of as a rate 1 convolutional code and the error correction coding is the second code. In 1997, Glavieux, Laot, and Labat demonstrated that a linear equalizer could be used in a turbo equalizer framework. This discovery made turbo equalization computationally efficient enough to be applied to a wide range of applications. Overview Standard communication system overview Before discussing turbo equalizers, it is necessary to understand the basic receiver in the context of a communication system. This is the topic of this section. At the transmitter, information bits are encoded. Encoding adds redundancy by mapping the information bits to a longer bit vector – the code bit vector . The encoded bits are then interleaved. Interleaving permutes the order of the code bits resulting in bits . The main reason for doing this is to insulate the information bits from bursty noise. Next, the symbol mapper maps the bits into complex symbols . These digital symbols are then converted into analog symbols with a D/A converter. Typically the signal is then up-converted to pass band frequencies by mixing it with a carrier signal. This is a necessary step for complex symbols. The signal is then ready to be transmitted through the channel. At the receiver, the operations performed by the transmitter are reversed to recover , an estimate of the information bits. The down-converter mixes the signal back down to baseband. The A/D converter then samples the analog signal, making it digital. At this point, is recovered. The signal is what would be received if were transmitted through the digital baseband equivalent of the channel plus noise. The signal is then equalized. The equalizer attempts to unravel the ISI in the received signal to recover the transmitted symbols. It then outputs the bits associated with those symbols. The vector may represent hard decisions on the bits or soft decisions. If the equalizer makes soft decisions, it outputs information relating to the probability of the bit being a 0", "title": "Turbo equalizer" }, { "docid": "3961110", "text": "expr is a command line utility on Unix and Unix-like operating systems which evaluates an expression and outputs the corresponding value. It first appeared in Unix v7. The command is available for Microsoft Windows as part of the UnxUtils collection of native Win32 ports of common GNU Unix-like utilities. The command has also been ported to the IBM i operating system. Overview expr evaluates integer or string expressions, including pattern matching regular expressions. Each symbol (operator, value, etc.) in the expression must be given as a separate parameter. Most of the challenge posed in writing expressions is preventing the invoking command line shell from acting on characters intended for expr to process. Syntax Syntax: The operators available for integers: addition, subtraction, multiplication, division and modulus for strings: match a regular expression; in some versions: find a set of characters in a string (\"index\"), find substring (\"substr\"), length of string (\"length\") for either: comparison (equal, not equal, less than, etc.) Example The following is a (non-POSIX-compliant) example involving boolean expressions: expr length \"abcdef\" \"<\" 5 \"|\" 15 - 4 \">\" 8 This example outputs \"1\". This is because length \"abcdef\" is 6, which is not less than 5 (so the left side of the | returns zero). But 15 minus 4 is 11 and is greater than 8, so the right side is true, which makes the or true, so 1 is the result. The program exit status is zero for this example. For pure arithmetic, it is often more convenient to use bc. For example: echo \"3 * 4 + 14 / 2\" | bc since it accepts the expression as a single argument. For portable shell programming, use of the \"index\", \"length\", \"match\" and \"substr\" commands must be avoided; string matching remains possible but it must use the \"string : regexp\" syntax. See also List of Unix commands References External links expr invocation in GNU coreutils manual GNU Project software Unix programming tools Standard Unix programs Unix SUS2008 utilities IBM i Qshell commands", "title": "Expr" }, { "docid": "236048", "text": "Truncated binary encoding is an entropy encoding typically used for uniform probability distributions with a finite alphabet. It is parameterized by an alphabet with total size of number n. It is a slightly more general form of binary encoding when n is not a power of two. If n is a power of two, then the coded value for 0 ≤ x < n is the simple binary code for x of length log2(n). Otherwise let k = floor(log2(n)), such that 2k < n < 2k+1 and let u = 2k+1 − n. Truncated binary encoding assigns the first u symbols codewords of length k and then assigns the remaining n − u symbols the last n − u codewords of length k + 1. Because all the codewords of length k + 1 consist of an unassigned codeword of length k with a \"0\" or \"1\" appended, the resulting code is a prefix code. History Used since at least 1984, phase-in codes, also known as economy codes, are also known as truncated binary encoding. Example with n = 5 For example, for the alphabet {0, 1, 2, 3, 4}, n = 5 and 22 ≤ n < 23, hence k = 2 and u = 23 − 5 = 3. Truncated binary encoding assigns the first u symbols the codewords 00, 01, and 10, all of length 2, then assigns the last n − u symbols the codewords 110 and 111, the last two codewords of length 3. For example, if n is 5, plain binary encoding and truncated binary encoding allocates the following codewords. Digits shown struck are not transmitted in truncated binary. It takes 3 bits to encode n using straightforward binary encoding, hence 23 − n = 8 − 5 = 3 are unused. In numerical terms, to send a value x, where 0 ≤ x < n, and where there are 2k ≤ n < 2k+1 symbols, there are u = 2k+1 − n unused entries when the alphabet size is rounded up to the nearest power of two. The process to encode the number x in truncated binary is: if x is less than u, encode it in k binary bits; if x is greater than or equal to u, encode the value x + u in k + 1 binary bits. Example with n = 10 Another example, encoding an alphabet of size 10 (between 0 and 9) requires 4 bits, but there are 24 − 10 = 6 unused codes, so input values less than 6 have the first bit discarded, while input values greater than or equal to 6 are offset by 6 to the end of the binary space. (Unused patterns are not shown in this table.) To decode, read the first k bits. If they encode a value less than u, decoding is complete. Otherwise, read an additional bit and subtract u from the result. Example with n = 7 Here is a more extreme case: with n =", "title": "Truncated binary encoding" }, { "docid": "5489569", "text": "In particle physics, the threshold energy for production of a particle is the minimum kinetic energy that must be imparted to one of a pair of particles in order for their collision to produce a given result. If the desired result is to produce a third particle then the threshold energy is greater than or equal to the rest energy of the desired particle. In most cases, since momentum is also conserved, the threshold energy is significantly greater than the rest energy of the desired particle. The threshold energy should not be confused with the threshold displacement energy, which is the minimum energy needed to permanently displace an atom in a crystal to produce a crystal defect in radiation material science. Example of pion creation Consider the collision of a mobile proton with a stationary proton so that a meson is produced: We can calculate the minimum energy that the moving proton must have in order to create a pion. Transforming into the ZMF (Zero Momentum Frame or Center of Mass Frame) and assuming the outgoing particles have no KE (kinetic energy) when viewed in the ZMF, the conservation of energy equation is: Rearranged to By assuming that the outgoing particles have no KE in the ZMF, we have effectively considered an inelastic collision in which the product particles move with a combined momentum equal to that of the incoming proton in the Lab Frame. Our terms in our expression will cancel, leaving us with: Using relativistic velocity additions: We know that is equal to the speed of one proton as viewed in the ZMF, so we can re-write with : So the energy of the proton must be MeV. Therefore, the minimum kinetic energy for the proton must be MeV. Example of antiproton creation At higher energy, the same collision can produce an antiproton: If one of the two initial protons is stationary, we find that the impinging proton must be given at least of energy, that is, 5.63 GeV. On the other hand, if both protons are accelerated one towards the other (in a collider) with equal energies, then each needs to be given only of energy. A more general example Consider the case where a particle 1 with lab energy (momentum ) and mass impinges on a target particle 2 at rest in the lab, i.e. with lab energy and mass . The threshold energy to produce three particles of masses , , , i.e. is then found by assuming that these three particles are at rest in the center of mass frame (symbols with hat indicate quantities in the center of mass frame): Here is the total energy available in the center of mass frame. Using , and one derives that References http://galileo.phys.virginia.edu/classes/252/particle_creation.html Energy (physics) Particle physics", "title": "Threshold energy" }, { "docid": "49200527", "text": "mXparser is an open-source mathematical expressions parser/evaluator providing abilities to calculate various expressions at a run time. Expressions definitions are given as plain text, then verified in terms of grammar / syntax, finally calculated. Library source code is maintained separately for Java and C#, providing the same API for Java/JVM, Android, .NET and Mono (Common Language Specification Compliant). Main features / usage examples mXparser delivers functionalities such as: basic calculations, implied multiplication, built-in constants and functions, numerical calculus operations, iterated operators, user defined constants, user defined functions, user defined recursion, Unicode mathematical symbols support. Basic operators mXparser supports basic operators, such as: addition '+', subtraction '-', multiplication '*', division '/', factorial '!', power '^', modulo '#'. Expression e = new Expression(\"2+3/(4+5)^4\"); double v = e.calculate(); Implied multiplication Expression e = new Expression(\"2(3+4)3\"); double v = e.calculate(); Expression e = new Expression(\"2pi(3+4)2sin(3)e\"); double v = e.calculate(); Binary relations It is possible to combine typical expressions with binary relations (such as: greater than '>', less than '<', equality '=', inequality '<>', greater or equal '>=', lower or equal '<='), as each relation evaluation results in either '1' for true outcome, or '0' for false. Expression e = new Expression(\"(2<3)+5\"); double v = e.calculate(); Boolean logic Boolean logic also operates assuming equivalence of '1 as true' and '0 as false'. Supported Boolean operators include: AND conjunction, OR disjunction, NAND Sheffer stroke, NOR, XOR Exclusive OR, IMP Implication, CIMP Converse implication, NIMP Material nonimplication, CNIMP Converse nonimplication, EQV Logical biconditional, Negation. Expression e = new Expression(\"1 --> 0\"); double v = e.calculate(); Built-in mathematical functions Supported common mathematical functions (unary, binary and variable number of arguments), including: trigonometric functions, inverse trigonometric functions, logarithm functions, exponential function, hyperbolic functions, Inverse hyperbolic functions, Bell numbers, Lucas numbers, Stirling numbers, prime-counting function, exponential integral function, logarithmic integral function, offset logarithmic integral, binomial coefficient and others. Expression e = new Expression(\"sin(0)+ln(2)+log(3,9)\"); double v = e.calculate(); Expression e = new Expression(\"min(1,2,3,4)+gcd(1000,100,10)\"); double v = e.calculate(); Expression e = new Expression(\"if(2<1, 3, 4)\"); double v = e.calculate(); Expression e = new Expression(\"iff(2<1, 1; 3<4, 2; 10<2, 3; 5<10, 4)\"); double v = e.calculate(); Built-in math constants Built-in mathematical constants, with high precision. Expression e = new Expression(\"sin(pi)+ln(e)\"); double v = e.calculate(); Iterated operators Iterated summation and product operators. Expression e = new Expression(\"sum(i, 1, 10, ln(i))\"); double v = e.calculate(); Expression e = new Expression(\"prod(i, 1, 10, sin(i))\"); double v = e.calculate(); Numerical differentiation and integration mXparser delivers implementation of the following calculus operations: differentiation and integration. Expression e = new Expression(\"der( sin(x), x )\"); double v = e.calculate(); Expression e = new Expression(\"int( sqrt(1-x^2), x, -1, 1)\"); double v = e.calculate(); Prime numbers support Expression e = new Expression(\"ispr(21)\"); double v = e.calculate(); Expression e = new Expression(\"Pi(1000)\"); double v = e.calculate(); Unicode mathematical symbols support Expression e = new Expression(\"√2\"); double v = e.calculate(); Expression e = new Expression(\"∜16 + ∛27 + √16\"); double v = e.calculate(); Expression e = new Expression(\"∑(i, 1, 5, i^2)\"); double v =", "title": "Mxparser" }, { "docid": "29564486", "text": "The Elferrat (German for \"council of eleven\") is the council of a kingdom of fools in a carnival. Development The Elferrat was originally introduced in the Rhine carnival reform in 1823 and has its roots in the region in Germany west of the Rhine, from France after the French Revolution. French became the language of trade, and French laws were in use. In connection with the revolution, this helped develop civil and political rights, with a level of freedom of speech and equality of citizens in front of the law. With Napoleon's defeat, this came to an end, and Absolutism was restored. In Mainz, the Austrians and the Prussians formed the military authority in conjunction. Cologne, the first free imperial city, came to be ruled by the Prussians. The eleven in the Elferrat The citizens robbed of their rights came to view the number eleven as a symbol of the French Revolution, because it symbolised equality among the people, that is to say one beside one. The German word elf (eleven) can be seen as an abbreviation \"ELF\" for the motto of the French Revolution: Egalité, Liberté, Fraternité - \"equality, liberty, fraternity\". This abbreviation was subsequently frequently used in the French Revolution and by Napoleon as a logo. It first became a motto in the start of the French Third Republic in 1871, and later explained as the main motto of the revolution in retrospect. During the revolution, it was only one three-word motto among many, such as \"health, might, unity\" and \"might, equality, justice\", which are nowadays found in historical documents much more seldom than the famous motto \"equality, liberty, fraternity\". The Elferrat thus thought of themselves as a council of citizen peers, hidden under fool's hats. The Elferrat in modern carnivals Although eleven male (in some places, also female) members of the Elferrat can be seen on stage in the official meeting in a carnival, it is mostly composed of a greater number of men. In some cities, there are special female councils, such as the Achterrat in Freiburg, because the traditionally male-dominated associations usually leave women only in the role of majorettes, not in these representative positions. In many associations, so-called honorary Elferrats are nominated, mostly consisting of distinguished association members or supporters such as politicians, businessmen and so on. Duties The Elferrat plans and organises various details of the carnival in its sessions, such as dances, carnival meetings and the move routes of the carnival. The Elferrat and their wives also participate in various festivities outside these sessions. References External links Where does the fool's number 11 come from? and the Elferrat on the website of the University of Mainz Carnivals", "title": "Elferrat" }, { "docid": "62545", "text": "Arithmetic coding (AC) is a form of entropy encoding used in lossless data compression. Normally, a string of characters is represented using a fixed number of bits per character, as in the ASCII code. When a string is converted to arithmetic encoding, frequently used characters will be stored with fewer bits and not-so-frequently occurring characters will be stored with more bits, resulting in fewer bits used in total. Arithmetic coding differs from other forms of entropy encoding, such as Huffman coding, in that rather than separating the input into component symbols and replacing each with a code, arithmetic coding encodes the entire message into a single number, an arbitrary-precision fraction q, where . It represents the current information as a range, defined by two numbers. A recent family of entropy coders called asymmetric numeral systems allows for faster implementations thanks to directly operating on a single natural number representing the current information. Implementation details and examples Equal probabilities In the simplest case, the probability of each symbol occurring is equal. For example, consider a set of three symbols, A, B, and C, each equally likely to occur. Encoding the symbols one by one would require 2 bits per symbol, which is wasteful: one of the bit variations is never used. That is to say, symbols A, B and C might be encoded respectively as 00, 01 and 10, with 11 unused. A more efficient solution is to represent a sequence of these three symbols as a rational number in base 3 where each digit represents a symbol. For example, the sequence \"ABBCAB\" could become 0.0112013, in arithmetic coding as a value in the interval [0, 1). The next step is to encode this ternary number using a fixed-point binary number of sufficient precision to recover it, such as 0.00101100012 – this is only 10 bits; 2 bits are saved in comparison with naïve block encoding. This is feasible for long sequences because there are efficient, in-place algorithms for converting the base of arbitrarily precise numbers. To decode the value, knowing the original string had length 6, one can simply convert back to base 3, round to 6 digits, and recover the string. Defining a model In general, arithmetic coders can produce near-optimal output for any given set of symbols and probabilities. (The optimal value is −log2P bits for each symbol of probability P; see Source coding theorem.) Compression algorithms that use arithmetic coding start by determining a model of the data – basically a prediction of what patterns will be found in the symbols of the message. The more accurate this prediction is, the closer to optimal the output will be. Example: a simple, static model for describing the output of a particular monitoring instrument over time might be: 60% chance of symbol NEUTRAL 20% chance of symbol POSITIVE 10% chance of symbol NEGATIVE 10% chance of symbol END-OF-DATA. (The presence of this symbol means that the stream will be 'internally terminated', as is fairly common in data compression; when", "title": "Arithmetic coding" }, { "docid": "2491736", "text": "test is a command-line utility found in Unix, Plan 9, and Unix-like operating systems that evaluates conditional expressions. test was turned into a shell builtin command in 1981 with UNIX System III and at the same time made available under the alternate name [. Overview The test command in Unix evaluates the expression parameter. In most recent shell implementations, it is a shell builtin, even though the external version still exists. In the second form of the command, the [ ] (brackets) must be surrounded by blank spaces (this is because [ is a program and POSIX compatible shells require a space between the program name and its arguments). One must test explicitly for file names in the C shell. File-name substitution (globbing) causes the shell script to exit. The test command is not to be confused with the [[ reserved word that was introduced with ksh88. The latter is not a command but part of the ksh88 syntax and does not apply file-name substitution to glob expressions. The version of test bundled in GNU coreutils was written by Kevin Braunsdorf and Matthew Bradburn. The command is available as a separate package for Microsoft Windows as part of the UnxUtils collection of native Win32 ports of common GNU Unix-like utilities. The command has also been ported to the IBM i operating system. Syntax test expression or [ expression ] Arguments The following arguments are used to construct this parameter. All arguments return True if the object (file or string) exists, and the condition specified is true. For the -x argument, if the specified file exists and is a directory, the True exit value indicates that the current process has permission to change cd into the directory. Non standard Korn Shell extensions file1 -nt file2 - file1 is newer than file2 file1 -ot file2 - file1 is older than file2 file1 -ef file2 - file1 is another name for file2 - (symbolic link or hard link) String arguments In Perl, these sections are reversed: eq is a string operator and == is a numerical operator, and so on for the others. -n String1 - the length of the String1 variable is nonzero -z String1 - the length of the String1 variable is 0 (zero) String1 = String2 - String1 and String2 variables are identical String1 != String2 - String1 and String2 variables are not identical String1 - true if String1 variable is not a null string Number arguments Integer1 -eq Integer2 - Integer1 and Integer2 variables are algebraically equal -ne - not equal -gt - greater than -ge - greater or equal -lt - less than -le - less or equal Operators test arguments can be combined with the following operators: ! - Unary negation operator -a - Binary AND operator -o - Binary OR operator (the -a operator has higher precedence than the -o operator) \\(Expression\\) - Parentheses for grouping must be escaped with a backslash \\ The -a and -o operators, along with parentheses for grouping, are XSI extensions", "title": "Test (Unix)" }, { "docid": "2310978", "text": "Gauss's lemma in number theory gives a condition for an integer to be a quadratic residue. Although it is not useful computationally, it has theoretical significance, being involved in some proofs of quadratic reciprocity. It made its first appearance in Carl Friedrich Gauss's third proof (1808) of quadratic reciprocity and he proved it again in his fifth proof (1818). Statement of the lemma For any odd prime let be an integer that is coprime to . Consider the integers and their least positive residues modulo . These residues are all distinct, so there are ( of them. Let be the number of these residues that are greater than . Then where is the Legendre symbol. Example Taking = 11 and = 7, the relevant sequence of integers is 7, 14, 21, 28, 35. After reduction modulo 11, this sequence becomes 7, 3, 10, 6, 2. Three of these integers are larger than 11/2 (namely 6, 7 and 10), so = 3. Correspondingly Gauss's lemma predicts that This is indeed correct, because 7 is not a quadratic residue modulo 11. The above sequence of residues 7, 3, 10, 6, 2 may also be written −4, 3, −1, −5, 2. In this form, the integers larger than 11/2 appear as negative numbers. It is also apparent that the absolute values of the residues are a permutation of the residues 1, 2, 3, 4, 5. Proof A fairly simple proof, reminiscent of one of the simplest proofs of Fermat's little theorem, can be obtained by evaluating the product modulo p in two different ways. On one hand it is equal to The second evaluation takes more work. If is a nonzero residue modulo , let us define the \"absolute value\" of to be Since counts those multiples which are in the latter range, and since for those multiples, is in the first range, we have Now observe that the values are distinct for . Indeed, we have because is coprime to . This gives = , since and are positive least residues. But there are exactly of them, so their values are a rearrangement of the integers . Therefore, Comparing with our first evaluation, we may cancel out the nonzero factor and we are left with This is the desired result, because by Euler's criterion the left hand side is just an alternative expression for the Legendre symbol . Generalization For any odd prime let be an integer that is coprime to . Let be a set such that is the disjoint union of and . Then , where . In the original statement, . The proof is almost the same. Applications Gauss's lemma is used in many, but by no means all, of the known proofs of quadratic reciprocity. For example, Gotthold Eisenstein used Gauss's lemma to prove that if is an odd prime then and used this formula to prove quadratic reciprocity. By using elliptic rather than circular functions, he proved the cubic and quartic reciprocity laws. Leopold Kronecker used the", "title": "Gauss's lemma (number theory)" } ]

[ "≥" ]

[ { "docid": "4831", "text": "In atomic physics, the Bohr model or Rutherford–Bohr model is an obsolete model of the atom, presented by Niels Bohr and Ernest Rutherford in 1913. It consists of a small, dense nucleus surrounded by orbiting electrons. It is analogous to the structure of the Solar System, but with attraction provided by electrostatic force rather than gravity, and with the electron energies quantized (assuming only discrete values). In the history of atomic physics, it followed, and ultimately replaced, several earlier models, including Joseph Larmor's Solar System model (1897), Jean Perrin's model (1901), the cubical model (1902), Hantaro Nagaoka's Saturnian model (1904), the plum pudding model (1904), Arthur Haas's quantum model (1910), the Rutherford model (1911), and John William Nicholson's nuclear quantum model (1912). The improvement over the 1911 Rutherford model mainly concerned the new quantum mechanical interpretation introduced by Haas and Nicholson, but forsaking any attempt to explain radiation according to classical physics. The model's key success lies in explaining the Rydberg formula for hydrogen's spectral emission lines. While the Rydberg formula had been known experimentally, it did not gain a theoretical basis until the Bohr model was introduced. Not only did the Bohr model explain the reasons for the structure of the Rydberg formula, it also provided a justification for the fundamental physical constants that make up the formula's empirical results. The Bohr model is a relatively primitive model of the hydrogen atom, compared to the valence shell model. As a theory, it can be derived as a first-order approximation of the hydrogen atom using the broader and much more accurate quantum mechanics and thus may be considered to be an obsolete scientific theory. However, because of its simplicity, and its correct results for selected systems (see below for application), the Bohr model is still commonly taught to introduce students to quantum mechanics or energy level diagrams before moving on to the more accurate, but more complex, valence shell atom. A related quantum model was proposed by Arthur Erich Haas in 1910 but was rejected until the 1911 Solvay Congress where it was thoroughly discussed. The quantum theory of the period between Planck's discovery of the quantum (1900) and the advent of a mature quantum mechanics (1925) is often referred to as the old quantum theory. Origin In the early 20th century, experiments by Ernest Rutherford established that atoms consisted of a diffuse cloud of negatively charged electrons surrounding a small, dense, positively charged nucleus. Given this experimental data, Rutherford naturally considered a planetary model of the atom, the Rutherford model of 1911. This had electrons orbiting a solar nucleus, but involved a technical difficulty: the laws of classical mechanics (i.e. the Larmor formula) predict that the electron will release electromagnetic radiation while orbiting a nucleus. Because the electron would lose energy, it would rapidly spiral inwards, collapsing into the nucleus on a timescale of around 16 picoseconds. Rutherford's atom model is disastrous because it predicts that all atoms are unstable. Also, as the electron spirals inward, the emission would", "title": "Bohr model" }, { "docid": "841522", "text": "was a Japanese physicist who was called \"the founding father of modern physics research in Japan\". He led the efforts of Japan to develop an atomic bomb during World War II. Early life and career Nishina was born in Satoshō, Okayama. He received a silver watch from the emperor as he graduated at the top of his class at Tokyo Imperial University as an electrical engineer in 1918. He became a staff member at the Institute of Physical and Chemical Research (now RIKEN) where he began studying physics under Hantaro Nagaoka. In 1921, he was sent to Europe for research. He visited some European universities and institutions, including Cavendish Laboratory, Georg August University of Göttingen, and University of Copenhagen. In Copenhagen, he did research with Niels Bohr, and they became good friends. In 1928, he wrote a paper on incoherent or Compton scattering with Oskar Klein in Copenhagen, from which the Klein–Nishina formula derives. In 1929, he returned to Japan, where he endeavored to foster an environment for the study of quantum mechanics. He established Nishina Laboratory at RIKEN in 1931, and invited some Western scholars to Japan including Heisenberg, Dirac and Bohr to stimulate Japanese physicists. It was also in 1931 that he lectured about the Dirac theory in Kyoto, which was where he met and was attended by Hideki Yukawa and Sin-Itiro Tomonaga. Atomic bomb On 7 August 1945, Nishina led a team of scientists sent by the Japanese high command to confirm whether or not Hiroshima was attacked with an atomic bomb. After making the physical measurements necessary to confirm the bomb's nature, he wired his confirmation of an atomic bomb back to Tokyo on August 8. His laboratory was severely damaged during World War II, and most of its equipment had to be discarded and rebuilt after the war. Postwar The US Army occupation forces dismantled his cyclotrons on 22 November 1945, and parts were dumped into Tokyo Bay. The aftermath of the incident caused a huge furor in the US. Nishina later published an article on his reaction to the cyclotron's destruction. The American physicists Harry C. Kelly and Gerald Fox were recruited to the occupation forces. Fox stayed a few months in Japan, but Kelly stayed until 1950 and became friends with Nishina, who spoke English. At one point, the US Army formulated a list of Japanese scientists to purge, which included Nishina's name. Asked to vet Nishina by US intelligence officers, Kelly took the file home and made his assessment: “He was an international scholar, respected all over the world. And he had spoken out against the war. I said it was against everyone's interests to purge that man.\" Nishina sought to restart Japanese science after the war and found an ally in Kelly. Two issues were most important for Nishina: acquiring radio isotopes for research for a variety of nonmilitary purposes and attempting to preserve Riken as an institution for scientific research, which occupation forces were seeking to dismantle on the basis", "title": "Yoshio Nishina" }, { "docid": "53069798", "text": "One World or None (1946) is an instructional documentary short film produced by the National Committee on Atomic Information in conjunction with Philip Ragan Productions. Made just months after the Atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki, it is considered the first postwar \"atomic scare\" film. Synopsis One World or None established that throughout history, scientists from many nations have made great advances and discoveries and have shared that knowledge globally. The periodic table was developed by Russian chemist Dmitri Mendeleev, British scientist J. J. Thomson and his team discovered the principle of the electron, and German theorist Albert Einstein came up with the theory of relativity. Nuclear physics was a product of New Zealand physicist Ernest Rutherford's work on the atomic nucleus, Danish physicist Niels Bohr's identification of atomic structure and American physicist Carl David Anderson's discovery of the positron. Other advances included English physicist James Chadwick discovering the neutron, while French scientists Irène Joliot-Curie and her husband Frédéric Joliot-Curie studied artificial radioactivity. Further nuclear research was carried out by Enrico Fermi, who transmuted uranium based on Japanese physicist Hantaro Nagaoka's theories on the atom. German scientist Otto Hahn derived barium from uranium, while uranium was split by Austrian-Swedish physicist Lise Meitner. Knowledge about atomic energy was shared by all. The question remains, will the people of the earth use this powerful energy to benefit humanity? The first outward manifestation is the atom bomb that was dropped on Hiroshima. Images of the city after the attack are startling. Imagining the destruction inflicted in seconds on an American city. A metropolis such as New York City, Chicago or San Francisco would have its downtown core devastated by blast effects and radioactivity. According to information provided by the Federation of American Scientists, the massive destructive power of the atom bomb is contrasted with earlier weapons of war. A Roman soldier's lance would only kill one enemy, Napoleon's cannon perhaps a dozen, the \"Big Bertha\" cannon could kill up to 88, and the V-2 killed as many of 168 individuals on average, but the first atom bomb killed more than 100,000 at Hiroshima. The atom bomb was delivered by aircraft which had a limited range, but new bombers have an intercontinental range. Imagine the frightening prospect if Japan and Germany had had the atom bomb during the war. Attacks by the Axis powers could have brought World War II to an end, as there would have been no defense against a V-2 rocket carrying an atom bomb. Even with the short range of the rocket, all of England could have been attacked from bases in France. While only in the blueprint stage, advanced rockets capable of crossing the Atlantic could have destroyed the U.S. Eastern seaboard cities. U-boats armed with atom bombs delivered by rockets could have threatened more of North America. Fifth column sabotage using atom bombs could devastate any U.S. center. The answer to atomic warfare is to have the nations of the world unite under the United Nations framework to", "title": "One World or None" } ]

[ { "docid": "39297686", "text": "The vortex theory of the atom was a 19th-century attempt by William Thomson (later Lord Kelvin) to explain why the atoms recently discovered by chemists came in only relatively few varieties but in very great numbers of each kind. Based on the idea of stable, knotted vortices in the ether or aether, it contributed an important mathematical legacy. Description The vortex theory of the atom was based on the observation that a stable vortex can be created in a fluid by making it into a ring with no ends. Such vortices could be sustained in the luminiferous aether, a hypothetical fluid thought at the time to pervade all of space. In the vortex theory of the atom, a chemical atom is modelled by such a vortex in the aether. Knots can be tied in the core of such a vortex, leading to the hypothesis that each chemical element corresponds to a different kind of knot. The simple toroidal vortex, represented by the circular \"unknot\" 01, was thought to represent hydrogen. Many elements had yet to be discovered, so the next knot, the trefoil knot 31, was thought to represent carbon. However, as more elements were discovered and the periodicity of their characteristics established in the periodic table of the elements, it became clear that this could not be explained by any rational classification of knots. This, together with the discovery of subatomic particles such as the electron, led to the theory being abandoned. History Between 1870 and 1890 the vortex atom theory, which hypothesised that an atom was a vortex in the aether, was popular among British physicists and mathematicians. William Thomson, who became better known as Lord Kelvin, first conjectured that atoms might be vortices in the aether that pervades space. About 60 scientific papers were subsequently written on it by approximately 25 scientists. Origins In the seventeenth century Descartes developed a theory of vortex motion to explain such things as why light radiated in all directions and the planets moved in circular orbits. He believed that there was no vacuum and any object which moved had to be entering a gap left by another moving object. He realised that a circular chain of such objects, all replacing each other, would enable such movement. Thus, all movement consisted of endless circular vortices at all scales. However his Treatise on Light remained unfinished. Hermann Helmholtz realized in the mid-19th century that the core of a vortex, analogous to the eye of a hurricane, is a line-like filament that can become tangled up with other filaments in a knotted loop that cannot come undone. It is not necessary for the core to circulate, as it did in the Cartesian model. Helmholtz also showed that vortices exert forces on one another, and those forces take a form analogous to the magnetic forces between electrical wires. During the intervening period, chemist John Dalton had developed his atomic theory of matter. It remained only to bring the two strands of discovery together. William Thomson", "title": "Vortex theory of the atom" }, { "docid": "42909", "text": "Jacobus Henricus van 't Hoff Jr. (; 30 August 1852 – 1 March 1911) was a Dutch physical chemist. A highly influential theoretical chemist of his time, van 't Hoff was the first winner of the Nobel Prize in Chemistry. His pioneering work helped found the modern theory of chemical affinity, chemical equilibrium, chemical kinetics, and chemical thermodynamics. In his 1874 pamphlet, van 't Hoff formulated the theory of the tetrahedral carbon atom and laid the foundations of stereochemistry. In 1875, he predicted the correct structures of allenes and cumulenes as well as their axial chirality. He is also widely considered one of the founders of physical chemistry as the discipline is known today. Biography The third of seven children, van 't Hoff was born in Rotterdam, Netherlands, 30 August 1852. His father was Jacobus Henricus van 't Hoff Sr., a physician, and his mother was Alida Kolff van 't Hoff. From a young age, he was interested in science and nature, and frequently took part in botanical excursions. In his early school years, he showed a strong interest in poetry and philosophy. He considered Lord Byron to be his idol. Against the wishes of his father, van 't Hoff chose to study chemistry. First, he enrolled at Delft University of Technology in September 1869, and studied until 1871, when he passed his final exam on 8 July and obtained a degree of chemical technologist. He passed all his courses in two years, although the time assigned to study was three years. Then he enrolled at University of Leiden to study chemistry. He then studied in Bonn, Germany, with August Kekulé and in Paris with Adolphe Wurtz. He received his doctorate under Eduard Mulder at the University of Utrecht in 1874. In 1878, van 't Hoff married Johanna Francina Mees. They had two daughters, Johanna Francina (1880–1964) and Aleida Jacoba (1882–1971), and two sons, Jacobus Henricus van 't Hoff III (1883–1943) and Govert Jacob (1889–1918). Van 't Hoff died at the age of 58, on 1 March 1911, at Steglitz, near Berlin, of tuberculosis. Career Organic chemistry Van 't Hoff earned his earliest reputation in the field of organic chemistry. In 1874, he accounted for the phenomenon of optical activity by assuming that the chemical bonds between carbon atoms and their neighbors were directed towards the corners of a regular tetrahedron. This three-dimensional structure accounted for the isomers found in nature. He shares credit for this with the French chemist Joseph Le Bel, who independently came up with the same idea. Three months before his doctoral degree was awarded, van 't Hoff published this theory, which today is regarded as the foundation of stereochemistry, first in a Dutch pamphlet in the fall of 1874, and then in the following May in a small French book entitled La chimie dans l'espace. A German translation appeared in 1877, at a time when the only job van 't Hoff could find was at the Veterinary School in Utrecht. In these early years his", "title": "Jacobus Henricus van 't Hoff" }, { "docid": "8498238", "text": "In chemistry, Abegg's rule states that the difference between the maximum positive and negative valence of an element is frequently eight. The rule used a historic meaning of valence which resembles the modern concept of oxidation state in which an atom is an electron donor or receiver. Abegg's rule is sometimes referred to as \"Abegg’s law of valence and countervalence\". In general, for a given chemical element (as sulfur) Abegg's rule states that the sum of the absolute value of its negative valence (such as −2 for sulfur in H2S and its positive valence of maximum value (as +6 for sulfur in H2SO4) is often equal to 8. History The concept was formulated in 1904 by German chemist Richard Abegg. Gilbert N. Lewis was one of the first to refer to the concept as \"Abegg's rule\" when he used it as a basis of argument in a 1916 article to develop his cubical atom theory, which developed into the octet rule. That article helped inspire Linus Pauling to write his 1938 textbook The Nature of the Chemical Bond. See also History of molecular theory Irving Langmuir References External links Nuclear Atom - contains and excerpt of Abegg's contributions. Chemistry theories Eponymous chemical rules Theoretical chemistry", "title": "Abegg's rule" }, { "docid": "424304", "text": "Pierre Maurice Marie Duhem (; 9 June 1861 – 14 September 1916) was a French theoretical physicist who worked on thermodynamics, hydrodynamics, and the theory of elasticity. Duhem was also a historian of science, noted for his work on the European Middle Ages, which is regarded as having created the field of the history of medieval science. As a philosopher of science, he is remembered principally for his views on the indeterminacy of experimental criteria (see Duhem–Quine thesis). Early life and education Duhem completed a Ph.D. in 1888 at Université Paul Sabatier titled Étude historique sur la théorie de l'aimantation par influence. Theoretical physics Among scientists, Duhem is best known today for his work on chemical thermodynamics, and in particular for the Gibbs–Duhem and Duhem–Margules equations. His approach was strongly influenced by the early works of Josiah Willard Gibbs, which Duhem effectively explained and promoted among French scientists. In continuum mechanics, he is also remembered for his contribution to what is now called the Clausius–Duhem inequality. Duhem was convinced that all physical phenomena, including mechanics, electromagnetism, and chemistry, could be derived from the principles of thermodynamics. Influenced by Macquorn Rankine's \"Outlines of the Science of Energetics\", Duhem carried out this intellectual project in his Traité de l'Énergétique (1911), but was ultimately unable to reduce electromagnetic phenomena to thermodynamic first principles. With Ernst Mach, Duhem shared a skepticism about the reality and usefulness of the concept of atoms. He therefore did not follow the statistical mechanics of Maxwell, Boltzmann, and Gibbs, who explained the laws of thermodynamics in terms of the statistical properties of mechanical systems composed of many atoms. Duhem was an opponent of Albert Einstein's theory of relativity. In 1914, Duhem commented that Einstein's relativity theory \"has turned physics into a real chaos where logic loses its way and common-sense runs away frightened\". In his 1915 book La Science Allemande, he argued strongly against relativity. Duhem stated that the theory of relativity \"overthrow[s] all the doctrines in which one has spoken of space, of time, of movement, all the theories of mechanics and of physics\". History of science Duhem is well known for his work on the history of science, which resulted in the ten volume Le système du monde: histoire des doctrines cosmologiques de Platon à Copernic (The System of World: A History of Cosmological Doctrines from Plato to Copernicus). Unlike many former historians (e.g. Voltaire and Condorcet), who denigrated the Middle Ages, he endeavored to show that the Roman Catholic Church had helped foster Western science in one of its most fruitful periods. His work in this field was originally prompted by his research into the origins of statics, where he encountered the works of medieval mathematicians and philosophers such as John Buridan, Nicole Oresme and Roger Bacon, whose sophistication surprised him. He consequently came to regard them as the founders of modern science, having in his view anticipated many of the discoveries of Galileo Galilei and later thinkers. Duhem concluded that \"the mechanics and physics of", "title": "Pierre Duhem" }, { "docid": "22382490", "text": "CONQUEST is a linear scaling, or O(N), density functional theory (DFT) electronic structure open-source code. The code is designed to perform DFT calculations on very large systems containing many thousands of atoms. It can be run at different levels of precision ranging from ab initio tight binding up to full DFT with plane wave accuracy. It has been applied to the study of three-dimensional reconstructions formed by Ge on Si(001), containing over 20,000 atoms. Tests on the UK's national supercomputer HECToR in 2009 demonstrated the capability of the code to perform ground-state calculations on systems of over 1,000,000 atoms. Methodology Instead of solving for the Kohn-Sham eigenstates as normal DFT codes do, CONQUEST solves for the one particle density matrix, . To make the problem computationally tractable, the density matrix is written in separable form: , where is a support function centred on atom i (with support functions on the same atom notated by ) and is the density matrix in the basis of the support functions. The ground state is found as a series of nested loops: • Minimise the energy with respect to the density matrix for fixed charge density and support functions • Find self-consistency between charge density and potential • Minimise the energy with respect to the support functions The support functions are confined within spheres of given cutoff radius and the density matrix is forced to zero beyond a given range: . These approximations give linear scaling behaviour, and as the radii are increased tend to the exact result. Developers CONQUEST is jointly developed at the Department of Physics and Astronomy and London Centre for Nanotechnology, University College London in the UK and at the Computational Materials Science Centre, National Institute for Materials Science, Tsukuba, Japan. In the UK, the development team includes Dr. David Bowler, Dr. Veronika Brazdova, Prof. Mike Gillan, Dr. Andrew Horsfield, Mr. Alex Sena, Mr. Lianheng Tong, Mr. Jack Baker and Mr. Shereif Mujahed who are all members of the Thomas Young Centre; in Japan, the development team includes Dr. Tsuyoshi Miyazaki, Dr. Takahisa Ohno, Dr. Takao Ohtsuka, Dr. Milica Todorovic and Dr. Antonio Torralba. Previous developers include Ian Bush, Rathin Choudhury, Chris Goringe and Eduardo Hernandez. See also Density functional theory Quantum chemistry computer programs External links CONQUEST official website National Institute for Materials Science website London Centre for Nanotechnology website References Computational chemistry software Density functional theory software Physics software", "title": "CONQUEST" }, { "docid": "3402426", "text": "The Hückel method or Hückel molecular orbital theory, proposed by Erich Hückel in 1930, is a simple method for calculating molecular orbitals as linear combinations of atomic orbitals. The theory predicts the molecular orbitals for π-electrons in π-delocalized molecules, such as ethylene, benzene, butadiene, and pyridine. It provides the theoretical basis for Hückel's rule that cyclic, planar molecules or ions with π-electrons are aromatic. It was later extended to conjugated molecules such as pyridine, pyrrole and furan that contain atoms other than carbon and hydrogen (heteroatoms). A more dramatic extension of the method to include σ-electrons, known as the extended Hückel method (EHM), was developed by Roald Hoffmann. The extended Hückel method gives some degree of quantitative accuracy for organic molecules in general (not just planar systems) and was used to provide computational justification for the Woodward–Hoffmann rules. To distinguish the original approach from Hoffmann's extension, the Hückel method is also known as the simple Hückel method (SHM). Although undeniably a cornerstone of organic chemistry, Hückel's concepts were undeservedly unrecognized for two decades. Pauling and Wheland characterized his approach as \"cumbersome\" at the time, and their competing resonance theory was relatively easier to understand for chemists without fundamental physics background, even if they couldn't grasp the concept of quantum superposition and confused it with tautomerism. His lack of communication skills contributed: when Robert Robinson sent him a friendly request, he responded arrogantly that he is not interested in organic chemistry. In spite of its simplicity, the Hückel method in its original form makes qualitatively accurate and chemically useful predictions for many common molecules and is therefore a powerful and widely taught educational tool. It is described in many introductory quantum chemistry and physical organic chemistry textbooks, and organic chemists in particular still routinely apply Hückel theory to obtain a very approximate, back-of-the-envelope understanding of π-bonding. Hückel characteristics The method has several characteristics: It limits itself to conjugated molecules. Only π electron molecular orbitals are included because these determine much of the chemical and spectral properties of these molecules. The σ electrons are assumed to form the framework of the molecule and σ connectivity is used to determine whether two π orbitals interact. However, the orbitals formed by σ electrons are ignored and assumed not to interact with π electrons. This is referred to as σ-π separability. It is justified by the orthogonality of σ and π orbitals in planar molecules. For this reason, the Hückel method is limited to systems that are planar or nearly so. The method is based on applying the variational method to linear combination of atomic orbitals and making simplifying assumptions regarding the overlap, resonance and Coulomb integrals of these atomic orbitals. It does not attempt to solve the Schrödinger equation, and neither the functional form of the basis atomic orbitals nor details of the Hamiltonian are involved. For hydrocarbons, the method takes atomic connectivity as the only input; empirical parameters are only needed when heteroatoms are introduced. The method predicts how many energy levels exist", "title": "Hückel method" }, { "docid": "16711283", "text": "In the history of quantum mechanics, the Bohr–Kramers–Slater (BKS) theory was perhaps the final attempt at understanding the interaction of matter and electromagnetic radiation on the basis of the so-called old quantum theory, in which quantum phenomena are treated by imposing quantum restrictions on classically describable behaviour. It was advanced in 1924, and sticks to a classical wave description of the electromagnetic field. It was perhaps more a research program than a full physical theory, the ideas that are developed not being worked out in a quantitative way. The purpose of BKS theory was to disprove Einstein's hypothesis of the light quantum. One aspect, the idea of modelling atomic behaviour under incident electromagnetic radiation using \"virtual oscillators\" at the absorption and emission frequencies, rather than the (different) apparent frequencies of the Bohr orbits, significantly led Max Born, Werner Heisenberg and Hendrik Kramers to explore mathematics that strongly inspired the subsequent development of matrix mechanics, the first form of modern quantum mechanics. The provocativeness of the theory also generated great discussion and renewed attention to the difficulties in the foundations of the old quantum theory. However, physically the most provocative element of the theory, that momentum and energy would not necessarily be conserved in each interaction but only overall, statistically, was soon shown to be in conflict with experiment. Walther Bothe won the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1954 for the Bothe–Geiger coincidence experiment that experimentally disproved BKS theory. Origins When Albert Einstein introduced the light quantum (photon) in 1905, there was much resistance from the scientific community. However, when in 1923, the Compton effect showed the results could be explained by assuming the light beam behaves as light-quanta and that energy and momentum are conserved, Niels Bohr was still resistant against quantized light, even repudiating it in his 1922 Nobel Prize lecture. So Bohr found a way of using Einstein's approach without also using the light-quantum hypothesis by reinterpreting the principles of energy and momentum conservation as statistical principles. Thus, it was in 1924 that Bohr, Hendrik Kramers and John C. Slater published a provocative description of the interaction of matter and electromagnetic interaction, historically known as the BKS paper that combined quantum transitions and electromagnetic waves with energy and momentum being conserved only on average. The initial idea of the BKS theory originated with Slater, who proposed to Bohr and Kramers the following elements of a theory of emission and absorption of radiation by atoms, to be developed during his stay in Copenhagen: Emission and absorption of electromagnetic radiation by matter is realized in agreement with Einstein's photon concept; A photon emitted by an atom is guided by a classical electromagnetic field (c.f. Louis de Broglie's ideas published September 1923) consisting of spherical waves, thus enabling an explanation of interference; Even when there are no transitions there exists a classical field to which all atoms contribute; this field contains all frequencies at which an atom can emit or absorb a photon, the probability of such an emission being determined", "title": "BKS theory" }, { "docid": "9532", "text": "In physics, electromagnetism is an interaction that occurs between particles with electric charge via electromagnetic fields. The electromagnetic force is one of the four fundamental forces of nature. It is the dominant force in the interactions of atoms and molecules. Electromagnetism can be thought of as a combination of electrostatics and magnetism, which are distinct but closely intertwined phenomena. Electromagnetic forces occur between any two charged particles. Electric forces cause an attraction between particles with opposite charges and repulsion between particles with the same charge, while magnetism is an interaction that occurs between charged particles in relative motion. These two forces are described in terms of electromagnetic fields. Macroscopic charged objects are described in terms of Coulomb's law for electricity and Ampère's force law for magnetism; the Lorentz force describes microscopic charged particles. The electromagnetic force is responsible for many of the chemical and physical phenomena observed in daily life. The electrostatic attraction between atomic nuclei and their electrons holds atoms together. Electric forces also allow different atoms to combine into molecules, including the macromolecules such as proteins that form the basis of life. Meanwhile, magnetic interactions between the spin and angular momentum magnetic moments of electrons also play a role in chemical reactivity; such relationships are studied in spin chemistry. Electromagnetism also plays several crucial roles in modern technology: electrical energy production, transformation and distribution; light, heat, and sound production and detection; fiber optic and wireless communication; sensors; computation; electrolysis; electroplating; and mechanical motors and actuators. Electromagnetism has been studied since ancient times. Many ancient civilizations, including the Greeks and the Mayans, created wide-ranging theories to explain lightning, static electricity, and the attraction between magnetized pieces of iron ore. However, it was not until the late 18th century that scientists began to develop a mathematical basis for understanding the nature of electromagnetic interactions. In the 18th and 19th centuries, prominent scientists and mathematicians such as Coulomb, Gauss and Faraday developed namesake laws which helped to explain the formation and interaction of electromagnetic fields. This process culminated in the 1860s with the discovery of Maxwell's equations, a set of four partial differential equations which provide a complete description of classical electromagnetic fields. Maxwell's equations provided a sound mathematical basis for the relationships between electricity and magnetism that scientists had been exploring for centuries, and predicted the existence of self-sustaining electromagnetic waves. Maxwell postulated that such waves make up visible light, which was later shown to be true. Gamma-rays, x-rays, ultraviolet, visible, infrared radiation, microwaves and radio waves were all determined to be electromagnetic radiation differing only in their range of frequencies. In the modern era, scientists have continued to refine the theorem of electromagnetism to take into account the effects of modern physics, including quantum mechanics and relativity. The theoretical implications of electromagnetism, particularly the establishment of the speed of light based on properties of the \"medium\" of propagation (permeability and permittivity), helped inspire Einstein's theory of special relativity in 1905. Meanwhile, the field of quantum electrodynamics (QED) has modified", "title": "Electromagnetism" }, { "docid": "5120066", "text": "The University of Dubrovnik (, ) is a public university located in Dubrovnik, Croatia. It has its roots in various successive institutions dedicated to the teaching of maritime engineering and naval architecture. In 1996, in recognition of the city's maritime traditions, the Polytechnic was established and was later given full university status in 2003. The university has since diversified its courses but the maritime sciences remains its traditional strength. History High education and scientific work have their roots in the distant past. This is particularly true of the maritime, the social and the natural sciences. For example, Beno Kotruljević, of Dubrovnik, wrote four books in 1458 About Commerce and a Perfect merchant, published in Venice in 1573, which was the first work of its kind. There is also Nikola Sorgojević, a citizen of the Dubrovnik Republic (Respublica Ragusii, 1358–1816), the first Croat who wrote a book about navigation (published in 1574). Jesuits founded the Collegium Ragusinum in 1658, which was promulgated into a public institution of high learning where art and natural sciences were studied. That institution provided education for Ruđer Bošković, the most eminent Croatian scientist and the founder of the dynamic theory of atoms, who continued his doctorate studies in Rome. The Dubrovnik Republic Senate allowed young aristocrats to study navigation and commerce and apply their professional knowledge when sailing out of the Adriatic Sea. The Collegium Ragusinum is the real predecessor of the modern higher education in Dubrovnik functioning successfully from the middle of the last century, through to the nineties of the last century. It had its basis in over forty years of high education of seafarers at the Maritime Faculty of Dubrovnik and more than thirty years of education Business economics (tourism, marketing and foreign trade). The higher education in Dubrovnik has gone through various phases, with their ups and downs. However, there always remained a strong wish to preserve the identity of the City in this field as well. When the Croatian Parliament (Hrvatski sabor) adopted the new Higher Education Act in 1994, introducing two separate systems in higher education: one scientific, i.e. university, and the other professional i.e. polytechnic, it was clear that the Act would not be easy to implement in practice. As always, novelties were met with opposition. However, the new challenge was accepted at the Maritime Faculty of Dubrovnik at the time and the new activities were initiated leading to the foundation of the Polytechnic. The advantages of a professional study were acknowledged as they obviously introduced elements of the West–European education into the higher education of Croatia. Although the path was by no means smooth and fast, The Polytechnic of Dubrovnik was founded two years later, by the Government Act of 12 December 1996. It was established on the basis of the education of sailors in Dubrovnik, which began in 1959, when the Higher Maritime School was founded. The Higher School became The Maritime Faculty of Dubrovnik in 1984, as a part of the University of Split, functioning till", "title": "University of Dubrovnik" }, { "docid": "70371363", "text": "A glass is an amorphous solid completely lacking long range periodic atomic structure that exhibits a region of glass transformation. This broad definition means that any material be it organic, inorganic, metallic, etc. in nature may form a glass if it exhibits glass transformation behavior. However prior to 1900 very few non-silicate glasses were known and the theories developed were consequently heavily influenced by existing observations of silicate melts (compounds containing silicon and oxygen). These theories are grouped under the heading of structural theories of glass formation. In later years many non-silicate glasses were discovered and it is recognized today that almost any material is capable of forming a glass given the right experimental conditions and focus has changed from which materials will form a glass to under what conditions will a particular material form a glass. More recent theories focus on the kinetics behind the formation of glass and these kinetic theories of glass formation have largely replaced earlier structural theories. Structural theories of glass formation Among the first structural theories of glass formation was that which was developed by Goldschmidt who stated that glasses of the general formula RnOm will form glasses when the ratio of the ionic radii of the cation to the oxygen is in the range of 0.2 to 0.4. When this condition is true the cation tends to be bonded to 4 oxygen atoms and have a tetrahedral coordination. As such Goldschmidt concluded from this that only cations with tetrahedral coordination would form glasses on cooling. The conclusion was empirical and no attempt was made to explain this observation by Goldschmidt. The ideas of Goldschmidt were extended by Zachariasen who attempted to explain why certain coordination numbers would favor glass formation. He noted that silicates which formed glasses rather than recrystallizing after melting and cooling formed network structures consisting of tetrahedra joined at all four corners in a non-periodic non-symmetric manner (unlike crystals which are periodic and symmetrical. These networks extend in all three dimensions in a manner such that the average behavior of the glass is identical - the properties of the glass are isotropic. Using this as his basis Zachariasen concluded that the ability to form a glass was dependent on the ability to form these networks. He then went on to explain the necessary conditions for forming such a network, which he defined as follows: An oxygen atom cannot be connected to more than two cations otherwise the variation in bond angles required to form a non periodic network cannot be achieved. The number of oxygen atoms must be small either 3 or 4, which was and empirically determined condition based on the fact that the only glasses known at the time were formed from either triangular or tetrahedrally coordinated cations. At least 3 corners of a polyhedron must be shared in order to yield a 3 dimensional structure and the polyhedra may only be joined at the corners (they do not share edges or faces). He also stated that the", "title": "Glass formation" }, { "docid": "1365017", "text": "Occult Chemistry: Investigations by Clairvoyant Magnification into the Structure of the Atoms of the Periodic Table and Some Compounds (originally subtitled A Series of Clairvoyant Observations on the Chemical Elements) is a book written by Annie Besant and C.W. Leadbeater, who were both members of the Theosophical Society based in Adyar, India. Besant was at the time the President of the Society having succeeded Henry Olcott after his death in 1907. Overview The first edition reprinting articles from The Theosophist was published in 1908, followed by a second edition edited by Alfred Percy Sinnett in 1919, and a third edition edited by Curuppumullage Jinarajadasa in 1951. Since the first edition was published in 1908, the book is in the public domain, and available in whole or in excerpts, on many sites on the internet. Occult Chemistry states that the structure of chemical elements can be assessed through clairvoyant observation with the microscopic vision of the third eye. Observations were carried out between 1895 and 1933. \"The book consists both of coordinated and illustrated descriptions of presumed etheric counterparts of the atoms of the then known chemical elements, and of other expositions of occult physics.\" Critical reception Academic criticism is available in Chapter 2 of Modern Alchemy: Occultism and the Emergence of Atomic Theory, and in an online article from the Chemistry department at Yale University. Critics regard the book to be an example of pseudoscience. According to Philip Ball, most scientists did not take the book seriously. See also Clairvoyance How Theosophy Came to Me Thought-Forms References Further reading Besant, Annie; Leadbeater, Charles. (1919 edition). Occult Chemistry: Clairvoyant Observations On the Chemical Elements. Theosophical Publishing House. Morrisson, Mark. (2007). Modern Alchemy: Occultism and the Emergence of Atomic Theory. Oxford University Press. Phillips, Stephen. (1980). Extrasensory Perception of Quarks. Theosophical Publishing House. External links Abstract from the Journal of Scientific Exploration Concerning the Occult Chemistry Researches Basis for Ether Sciences – Bases des Sciences de l'Ether 1908 non-fiction books Theosophical texts Alchemical documents Collaborative non-fiction books", "title": "Occult Chemistry" }, { "docid": "51015112", "text": "Scientific dissent is dissent from scientific consensus. Disagreements can be useful for finding problems in underlying assumptions, methodologies, and reasoning, as well as for generating and testing new ways of tackling the unknown. In modern times, with the increased role of science on the society and the politicization of science, a new aspect gained prominence: effects of scientific dissent on public policies. Scientific dissent is distinct from denialism, which is a deliberate rejection of scientific consensus usually for commercial or ideological reasons. Dissent as part of scientific inquiry Miriam Solomon in her book Social Empiricism argues that scientific dissent is the normal state of scientific inquiry, rather than a conflict situation that needs resolution. She argues that disagreements of individual scientists about the proper direction of research are not cause for concern, because scientific rationality must be assessed at the level of the scientific community. As long as all theories being pursued yield some unique empirical successes, Solomon argues that their pursuit is worthwhile and even consistent with the common view that science aims at truth. In Solomon's view, competing scientific theories can even be inconsistent with one another while each containing some degree of truth. Empirical evidence may not be sufficient to distinguish between competing theories, and successful theories often have core assumptions that are incorrect. Historical scientific dissent A number of famous scientists have been sceptical of what were, or came to be, mainstream scientific positions. For example, Ernst Mach famously declared in 1897: \"I don't believe that atoms exist!\" Wilhelm Ostwald expressed a similar scepticism about atoms, but changed his mind in 1908. In the early 20th century, peptic ulcers were believed to be caused by stress and dietary factors. The physicians Robin Warren and Barry Marshall showed in 1982 that the bacterium Helicobacter pylori was responsible, but the medical community was slow to make appropriate changes in ulcer treatment. Suppressed dissent Scientific debate is a healthy and necessary part of science, but scientific debate may collide with power dynamics within the academic world. Suppression of legitimate scientific debate can be considered as a breach of academic integrity. Examples of suppression include journal editors rejecting a paper for political reasons prior to peer-review, refusing access to data for research which might draw negative conclusions about the safety of some commercial product, and putting pressure on a university to fire a dissenting researcher. False scientific dissent In modern times proponents of science denialism, pseudoscience, and conspiracy theories often try to disguise their viewpoints as \"scientific dissent\" to take an advantage of the benefit of doubt. Such cases are typically recognized by lack of crucial elements of scientific approach: insufficient evidence base, lack of rigor and control, etc. Lack of discussion of claims coming from fringe science may be presented as suppression by mainstream science. This was described as \"manufacturing dissent\" and discussed in the context of neo-creationism. In the introduction to Creating Scientific Controversies, David Harker summarizes the history of how the tobacco industry worked towards manufacturing a", "title": "Scientific dissent" }, { "docid": "23542", "text": "Probability theory or probability calculus is the branch of mathematics concerned with probability. Although there are several different probability interpretations, probability theory treats the concept in a rigorous mathematical manner by expressing it through a set of axioms. Typically these axioms formalise probability in terms of a probability space, which assigns a measure taking values between 0 and 1, termed the probability measure, to a set of outcomes called the sample space. Any specified subset of the sample space is called an event. Central subjects in probability theory include discrete and continuous random variables, probability distributions, and stochastic processes (which provide mathematical abstractions of non-deterministic or uncertain processes or measured quantities that may either be single occurrences or evolve over time in a random fashion). Although it is not possible to perfectly predict random events, much can be said about their behavior. Two major results in probability theory describing such behaviour are the law of large numbers and the central limit theorem. As a mathematical foundation for statistics, probability theory is essential to many human activities that involve quantitative analysis of data. Methods of probability theory also apply to descriptions of complex systems given only partial knowledge of their state, as in statistical mechanics or sequential estimation. A great discovery of twentieth-century physics was the probabilistic nature of physical phenomena at atomic scales, described in quantum mechanics. History of probability The modern mathematical theory of probability has its roots in attempts to analyze games of chance by Gerolamo Cardano in the sixteenth century, and by Pierre de Fermat and Blaise Pascal in the seventeenth century (for example the \"problem of points\"). Christiaan Huygens published a book on the subject in 1657. In the 19th century, what is considered the classical definition of probability was completed by Pierre Laplace. Initially, probability theory mainly considered events, and its methods were mainly combinatorial. Eventually, analytical considerations compelled the incorporation of variables into the theory. This culminated in modern probability theory, on foundations laid by Andrey Nikolaevich Kolmogorov. Kolmogorov combined the notion of sample space, introduced by Richard von Mises, and measure theory and presented his axiom system for probability theory in 1933. This became the mostly undisputed axiomatic basis for modern probability theory; but, alternatives exist, such as the adoption of finite rather than countable additivity by Bruno de Finetti. Treatment Most introductions to probability theory treat discrete probability distributions and continuous probability distributions separately. The measure theory-based treatment of probability covers the discrete, continuous, a mix of the two, and more. Motivation Consider an experiment that can produce a number of outcomes. The set of all outcomes is called the sample space of the experiment. The power set of the sample space (or equivalently, the event space) is formed by considering all different collections of possible results. For example, rolling an honest dice produces one of six possible results. One collection of possible results corresponds to getting an odd number. Thus, the subset {1,3,5} is an element of the power set of", "title": "Probability theory" }, { "docid": "3340637", "text": "Clinamen (; plural clinamina, derived from clīnāre, to incline) is the Latin name Lucretius gave to the unpredictable swerve of atoms, in order to defend the atomistic doctrine of Epicurus. In modern English it has come more generally to mean an inclination or a bias. Epicureanism According to Lucretius, the unpredictable swerve occurs \"at no fixed place or time\": When atoms move straight down through the void by their own weight, they deflect a bit in space at a quite uncertain time and in uncertain places, just enough that you could say that their motion has changed. But if they were not in the habit of swerving, they would all fall straight down through the depths of the void, like drops of rain, and no collision would occur, nor would any blow be produced among the atoms. In that case, nature would never have produced anything. This swerving, according to Lucretius, provides the \"free will which living things throughout the world have\". Lucretius never gives the primary cause of the deflections. Modern usage In modern English clinamen is defined as an inclination or a bias. The OED gives its first recorded use in English by Jonathan Swift in his 1704 Tale of a Tub ix.166, satirizing the atomistic theory of Epicurus: Epicurus modestly hoped that one time or other, a certain fortuitous concourse of all men's opinions—after perpetual justlings, the sharp with the smooth, the light and the heavy, the round and the square—would, by certain clinamina, unite in the notions of atoms and void, as these did in the originals of all things. The term was taken up by Harold Bloom to describe the inclinations of writers to \"swerve\" from the influence of their predecessors; it is the first of his \"Ratios of Revision\" as described in The Anxiety of Influence. In Difference and Repetition, Gilles Deleuze employs the term in his description of \"multiplicities\". In addition, other French writers such as Simone de Beauvoir, Jacques Lacan, Jacques Derrida, Jean-Luc Nancy, Alain Badiou, Louis Althusser, and Michel Serres have made extensive use of the word 'clinamen' in their writings, albeit with very different meanings. Lucretius' concept is central to the book The Swerve: How the World Became Modern, written by Stephen Greenblatt. \"Clinamen\" is defined by Alfred Jarry in Chapter 33 of his Exploits and Opinions of Dr. Faustroll, Pataphysician. The notion later figured in the imaginary science of the Jarry-inspired College of Pataphysics, notably in the pataphysical calendar and the experimental literature of OuLiPo. The clinamen figures as a motif in the artistic practice of Rodney Graham – who has said it informs his work in general. Clinamen is also a term used in systems theory applied to biology. See also Brownian motion – the random motion of particles suspended in a fluid Hylozoism – a philosophical point of view that holds that matter is in some sense alive Molecular chaos Panpsychism Quantum foam Shot noise Materialist philosophy References External links Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy, Lucretius. Epicureanism Ancient", "title": "Clinamen" }, { "docid": "123450", "text": "In philosophy, the philosophy of physics deals with conceptual and interpretational issues in modern physics, many of which overlap with research done by certain kinds of theoretical physicists. Historically, philosophers of physics have engaged with questions such as the nature of space, time, matter and the laws that govern their interactions, as well as the epistemological and ontological basis of the theories used by practicing physicists. The discipline draws upon insights from various areas of philosophy, including metaphysics, epistemology, and philosophy of science, while also engaging with the latest developments in theoretical and experimental physics. Contemporary work focuses on issues at the foundations of the three pillars of modern physics: Quantum Mechanics: Interpretation of quantum theory, including the nature of quantum states, the measurement problem, and the role of observers. Implications of entanglement, nonlocality, and the quantum-classical relationship are also explored. Relativity: Conceptual foundations of special and general relativity, including the nature of spacetime, simultaneity, causality, and determinism. Compatibility with quantum mechanics, gravitational singularities, and philosophical implications of relativistic cosmology are also investigated. Statistical Mechanics: Relationship between microscopic and macroscopic descriptions, interpretation of probability, origin of irreversibility and the arrow of time. Foundations of thermodynamics, role of information theory in understanding entropy, and implications for explanation and reduction in physics. Other areas of focus include the nature of physical laws, symmetries, and conservation principles; the role of mathematics; and philosophical implications of emerging fields like quantum gravity, quantum information, and complex systems. Philosophers of physics have argued that philosophical analysis clarifies foundations, interprets implications, and guides theory development in physics. Philosophy of space and time The existence and nature of space and time (or space-time) are central topics in the philosophy of physics. Time Time is often thought to be a fundamental quantity (that is, a quantity which cannot be defined in terms of other quantities), because time seems like a fundamentally basic concept, such that one cannot define it in terms of anything simpler. However, certain theories such as loop quantum gravity claim that spacetime is emergent. As Carlo Rovelli, one of the founders of loop quantum gravity has said: \"No more fields on spacetime: just fields on fields\". Time is defined via measurement—by its standard time interval. Currently, the standard time interval (called \"conventional second\", or simply \"second\") is defined as 9,192,631,770 oscillations of a hyperfine transition in the 133 caesium atom. (ISO 31-1). What time is and how it works follows from the above definition. Time then can be combined mathematically with the fundamental quantities of space and mass to define concepts such as velocity, momentum, energy, and fields. Both Newton and Galileo, as well as most people up until the 20th century, thought that time was the same for everyone everywhere. The modern conception of time is based on Einstein's theory of relativity and Minkowski's spacetime, in which rates of time run differently in different inertial frames of reference, and space and time are merged into spacetime. Einstein's general relativity as well as the redshift of", "title": "Philosophy of physics" }, { "docid": "46398956", "text": "The σ-π model and equivalent-orbital model refer to two possible representations of molecules in valence bond theory. The σ-π model differentiates bonds and lone pairs of σ symmetry from those of π symmetry, while the equivalent-orbital model hybridizes them. The σ-π treatment takes into account molecular symmetry and is better suited to interpretation of aromatic molecules (Hückel's rule), although computational calculations of certain molecules tend to optimize better under the equivalent-orbital treatment. The two representations produce the same total electron density and are related by a unitary transformation of the occupied molecular orbitals; different localization procedures yield either of the two. Two equivalent orbitals h and h' can be constructed by taking linear combinations h = c1σ + c2π and h' = c1σ – c2π for an appropriate choice of coefficients c1 and c2. In a 1996 review, Kenneth B. Wiberg concluded that \"although a conclusive statement cannot be made on the basis of the currently available information, it seems likely that we can continue to consider the σ/π and bent-bond descriptions of ethylene to be equivalent. Ian Fleming goes further in a 2010 textbook, noting that \"the overall distribution of electrons [...] is exactly the same\" in the two models. Nevertheless, as pointed out in Carroll's textbook, at lower levels of theory, the two models make different quantitative and qualitative predictions, and there has been considerable debate as to which model is most useful conceptually and pedagogically. Multiple bonds Two different explanations for the nature of double and triple covalent bonds in organic molecules were proposed in the 1930s. Linus Pauling proposed that the double bond in ethylene results from two equivalent tetrahedral orbitals from each atom, which later came to be called banana bonds or tau bonds. Erich Hückel proposed a representation of the double bond as a combination of a sigma bond plus a pi bond. The σ-π representation is the better-known one, and it is the one found in most textbooks since the late-20th century. Multiple lone pairs Initially, Linus Pauling's scheme of water as presented in his hallmark paper on valence bond theory consists of two inequivalent lone pairs of σ and π symmetry. As a result of later developments resulting partially from the introduction of VSEPR, an alternative view arose which considers the two lone pairs to be equivalent, colloquially called rabbit ears. Weinhold and Landis describe the symmetry adapted use of the orbital hybridization concept within the context of natural bond orbitals, a localized orbital theory containing modernized analogs of classical (valence bond/Lewis structure) bonding pairs and lone pairs. For the hydrogen fluoride molecule, for example, two F lone pairs are essentially unhybridized p orbitals of π symmetry, while the other is an spx hydrid orbital of σ symmetry. An analogous consideration applies to water (one O lone pair is in a pure p orbital, another is in an spx hybrid orbital). The question of whether it is conceptually useful to derive equivalent orbitals from symmetry-adapted ones, from the standpoint of bonding theory", "title": "Sigma-pi and equivalent-orbital models" }, { "docid": "4145906", "text": "Corpuscularianism, also known as corpuscularism (), is a set of theories that explain natural transformations as a result of the interaction of particles (minima naturalia, partes exiles, partes parvae, particulae, and semina). It differs from atomism in that corpuscles are usually endowed with a property of their own and are further divisible, while atoms are neither. Although often associated with the emergence of early modern mechanical philosophy, and especially with the names of Thomas Hobbes, René Descartes, Pierre Gassendi, Robert Boyle, Isaac Newton, and John Locke, corpuscularian theories can be found throughout the history of Western philosophy. Overview Corpuscles vs. atoms Corpuscularianism is similar to the theory of atomism, except that where atoms were supposed to be indivisible, corpuscles could in principle be divided. In this manner, for example, it was theorized that mercury could penetrate into metals and modify their inner structure, a step on the way towards the production of gold by transmutation. Perceived vs. real properties Corpuscularianism was associated by its leading proponents with the idea that some of the apparent properties of objects are artifacts of the perceiving mind, that is, \"secondary\" qualities as distinguished from \"primary\" qualities. Corpuscles were thought to be unobservable and having a very limited number of basic properties, such as size, shape, and motion. Thomas Hobbes The philosopher Thomas Hobbes used corpuscularianism to justify his political theories in Leviathan. It was used by Newton in his development of the corpuscular theory of light, while Boyle used it to develop his mechanical corpuscular philosophy, which laid the foundations for the Chemical Revolution. Robert Boyle Corpuscularianism remained a dominant theory for centuries and was blended with alchemy by early scientists such as Robert Boyle and Isaac Newton in the 17th century. In his work The Sceptical Chymist (1661), Boyle abandoned the Aristotelian ideas of the classical elements—earth, water, air, and fire—in favor of corpuscularianism. In his later work, The Origin of Forms and Qualities (1666), Boyle used corpuscularianism to explain all of the major Aristotelian concepts, marking a departure from traditional Aristotelianism. Alchemical corpuscularianism William R. Newman traces the origins from the fourth book of Aristotle, Meteorology. The \"dry\" and \"moist\" exhalations of Aristotle became the alchemical 'sulfur' and 'mercury' of the eighth-century Islamic alchemist, Jābir ibn Hayyān (died c. 806–816). Pseudo-Geber's Summa perfectionis contains an alchemical theory in which unified sulfur and mercury corpuscles, differing in purity, size, and relative proportions, form the basis of a much more complicated process. Importance to the development of modern scientific theory Several of the principles which corpuscularianism proposed became tenets of modern chemistry. The idea that compounds can have secondary properties that differ from the properties of the elements which are combined to make them became the basis of molecular chemistry. The idea that the same elements can be predictably combined in different ratios using different methods to create compounds with radically different properties became the basis of stoichiometry, crystallography, and established studies of chemical synthesis. The ability of chemical processes to alter the composition", "title": "Corpuscularianism" }, { "docid": "810102", "text": "This is a list of important publications in chemistry, organized by field. Some factors that correlate with publication notability include: Topic creator – A publication that created a new topic. Breakthrough – A publication that changed scientific knowledge significantly. Influence – A publication that has significantly influenced the world or has had a massive impact on the teaching of chemistry. Foundations The Sceptical Chymist The Sceptical Chymist - Robert Boyle 1661 Description: Boyle, in the form of a dialogue, argued that chemical theories should be firmly grounded in experiment before their acceptance, and for the foundation of chemistry as a science separate from medicine and alchemy. Importance: Topic Creator, Influence. Boyle, in this book, became the first to argue that experiment should form the basis of all theory, a common practice in chemistry today. He also expounded on a rudimentary atomic theory and the existence of chemical elements beyond the classic earth, fire, air, and water. He is seen as the father of chemistry, and this is his most celebrated book, with continued relevance to the present day. Traité Élémentaire de Chimie Traité Élémentaire de Chimie (Elementary Treatise of Chemistry) - Antoine Lavoisier Traité Élémentaire de Chimie, 1789, available in English as Elementary Treatise of Chemistry Description: This book was intended as an introduction to new theories in chemistry and as such, was one of the first Chemistry textbooks. Importance: Introduction, Influence. Aside from being one of the first chemistry textbooks, the book was one of the first to state the Law of conservation of mass, define a chemical element, and contain a list of known elements. Méthode de Nomenclature Chimique Guyton de Morveau, L. B.; Lavoisier, A. L.; Berthollet, C. L.; de Fourcroy, A. F. Méthode de Nomenclature Chimique, Paris, 1787, available in English as Chymical Nomenclature. Some details and a picture available at IUPAC nomenclature#History Description: This publication laid out a logical system for naming chemical substances (mainly chemical elements and inorganic compounds). Importance: Prior to this publication, a multitude of names were often used for the same substance. This publication led to an international consensus on how to name chemical substances. A New System of Chemical Philosophy A New System of Chemical Philosophy - John Dalton, 1808–1827 Description: This book explained Dalton's theory of atoms and its applications to chemistry. Importance: The book was one of the first to describe a modern atomic theory, a theory that lies at the basis of modern chemistry. It is the first to introduce a table of atomic and molecular weights. Surprisingly, given the period in which the book was written, of the five properties of atoms that Dalton listed, only two have been shown to be incorrect. The Dependence Between the Properties of the Atomic Weights of the Elements The Dependence Between the Properties of the Atomic Weights of the Elements - Dmitri Mendeleev Zeitschrift für Chemie 12, 405–406 (1869) Online version Description and Importance: In this paper the periodic table was introduced. Notice that the table in the above", "title": "List of important publications in chemistry" }, { "docid": "7071490", "text": "In chemistry, the history of molecular theory traces the origins of the concept or idea of the existence of strong chemical bonds between two or more atoms. A modern conceptualization of molecules began to develop in the 19th century along with experimental evidence for pure chemical elements and how individual atoms of different chemical elements such as hydrogen and oxygen can combine to form chemically stable molecules such as water molecules. Ancient world The modern concept of molecules can be traced back towards pre-scientific and Greek philosophers such as Leucippus and Democritus who argued that all the universe is composed of atoms and voids. Circa 450 BC Empedocles imagined fundamental elements (fire (), earth (), air (), and water ()) and \"forces\" of attraction and repulsion allowing the elements to interact. Prior to this, Heraclitus had claimed that fire or change was fundamental to our existence, created through the combination of opposite properties. In the Timaeus, Plato, following Pythagoras, considered mathematical entities such as number, point, line and triangle as the fundamental building blocks or elements of this ephemeral world, and considered the four elements of fire, air, water and earth as states of substances through which the true mathematical principles or elements would pass. A fifth element, the incorruptible quintessence aether, was considered to be the fundamental building block of the heavenly bodies. The viewpoint of Leucippus and Empedocles, along with the aether, was accepted by Aristotle and passed to medieval and renaissance Europe. Greek atomism The earliest views on the shapes and connectivity of atoms was that proposed by Leucippus, Democritus, and Epicurus who reasoned that the solidness of the material corresponded to the shape of the atoms involved. Thus, iron atoms are solid and strong with hooks that lock them into a solid; water atoms are smooth and slippery; salt atoms, because of their taste, are sharp and pointed; and air atoms are light and whirling, pervading all other materials. It was Democritus that was the main proponent of this view. Using analogies based on the experiences of the senses, he gave a picture or an image of an atom in which atoms were distinguished from each other by their shape, their size, and the arrangement of their parts. Moreover, connections were explained by material links in which single atoms were supplied with attachments: some with hooks and eyes others with balls and sockets (see diagram). 17th century With the rise of scholasticism and the decline of the Roman Empire, the atomic theory was abandoned for many ages in favor of the various four element theories and later alchemical theories. The 17th century, however, saw a resurgence in the atomic theory primarily through the works of Gassendi, and Newton. Among other scientists of that time Gassendi deeply studied ancient history, wrote major works about Epicurus natural philosophy and was a persuasive propagandist of it. He reasoned that to account for the size and shape of atoms moving in a void could account for the properties of matter.", "title": "History of molecular theory" }, { "docid": "735965", "text": "In chemistry, valence bond (VB) theory is one of the two basic theories, along with molecular orbital (MO) theory, that were developed to use the methods of quantum mechanics to explain chemical bonding. It focuses on how the atomic orbitals of the dissociated atoms combine to give individual chemical bonds when a molecule is formed. In contrast, molecular orbital theory has orbitals that cover the whole molecule. History In 1916, G. N. Lewis proposed that a chemical bond forms by the interaction of two shared bonding electrons, with the representation of molecules as Lewis structures. The chemist Charles Rugeley Bury suggested in 1921 that eight and eighteen electrons in a shell form stable configurations. Bury proposed that the electron configurations in transitional elements depended upon the valence electrons in their outer shell. In 1916, Kossel put forth his theory of the ionic chemical bond (octet rule), also independently advanced in the same year by Gilbert N. Lewis. Walther Kossel put forward a theory similar to Lewis' only his model assumed complete transfers of electrons between atoms, and was thus a model of ionic bonding. Both Lewis and Kossel structured their bonding models on that of Abegg's rule (1904). Although there is no mathematical formula either in chemistry or quantum mechanics for the arrangement of electrons in the atom, the hydrogen atom can be described by the Schrödinger equation and the Matrix Mechanics equation both derived in 1925. However, for hydrogen alone, in 1927 the Heitler–London theory was formulated which for the first time enabled the calculation of bonding properties of the hydrogen molecule H2 based on quantum mechanical considerations. Specifically, Walter Heitler determined how to use Schrödinger's wave equation (1926) to show how two hydrogen atom wavefunctions join together, with plus, minus, and exchange terms, to form a covalent bond. He then called up his associate Fritz London and they worked out the details of the theory over the course of the night. Later, Linus Pauling used the pair bonding ideas of Lewis together with Heitler–London theory to develop two other key concepts in VB theory: resonance (1928) and orbital hybridization (1930). According to Charles Coulson, author of the noted 1952 book Valence, this period marks the start of \"modern valence bond theory\", as contrasted with older valence bond theories, which are essentially electronic theories of valence couched in pre-wave-mechanical terms. Linus Pauling published in 1931 his landmark paper on valence bond theory: \"On the Nature of the Chemical Bond\". Building on this article, Pauling's 1939 textbook: On the Nature of the Chemical Bond would become what some have called the bible of modern chemistry. This book helped experimental chemists to understand the impact of quantum theory on chemistry. However, the later edition in 1959 failed to adequately address the problems that appeared to be better understood by molecular orbital theory. The impact of valence theory declined during the 1960s and 1970s as molecular orbital theory grew in usefulness as it was implemented in large digital computer programs. Since the", "title": "Valence bond theory" }, { "docid": "3043551", "text": "Modern valence bond theory is the application of valence bond theory (VBT) with computer programs that are competitive in accuracy and economy with programs for the Hartree–Fock or post-Hartree-Fock methods. The latter methods dominated quantum chemistry from the advent of digital computers because they were easier to program. The early popularity of valence bond methods thus declined. It is only recently that the programming of valence bond methods has improved. These developments are due to and described by Gerratt, Cooper, Karadakov and Raimondi (1997); Li and McWeeny (2002); Joop H. van Lenthe and co-workers (2002); Song, Mo, Zhang and Wu (2005); and Shaik and Hiberty (2004) While molecular orbital theory (MOT) describes the electronic wavefunction as a linear combination of basis functions that are centered on the various atoms in a species (linear combination of atomic orbitals), VBT describes the electronic wavefunction as a linear combination of several valence bond structures. Each of these valence bond structures can be described using linear combinations of either atomic orbitals, delocalized atomic orbitals (Coulson-Fischer theory), or even molecular orbital fragments. Although this is often overlooked, MOT and VBT are equally valid ways of describing the electronic wavefunction, and are actually related by a unitary transformation. Assuming MOT and VBT are applied at the same level of theory, this relationship ensures that they will describe the same wavefunction, but will do so in different forms. Theory Bonding in H2 Heitler and London's original work on VBT attempts to approximate the electronic wavefunction as a covalent combination of localized basis functions on the bonding atoms. In VBT, wavefunctions are described as the sums and differences of VB determinants, which enforce the antisymmetric properties required by the Pauli exclusion principle. Taking H2 as an example, the VB determinant is In this expression, N is a normalization constant, and a and b are basis functions that are localized on the two hydrogen atoms, often considered simply to be 1s atomic orbitals. The numbers are an index to describe the electron (i.e. a(1) represents the concept of ‘electron 1’ residing in orbital a). ɑ and β describe the spin of the electron. The bar over b in indicates that the electron associated with orbital b has β spin (in the first term, electron 2 is in orbital b, and thus electron 2 has β spin). By itself, a single VB determinant is not a proper spin-eigenfunction, and thus cannot describe the true wavefunction. However, by taking the sum and difference (linear combinations) of VB determinants, two approximate wavefunctions can be obtained: ΦHL is the wavefunction as described by Heiter and London originally, and describes the covalent bonding between orbitals a and b in which the spins are paired, as expected for a chemical bond. ΦT is a representation of the bond that where the electron spins are parallel, resulting in a triplet state. This is a highly repulsive interaction, so this description of the bonding will not play a major role in determining the wave function. Other ways", "title": "Modern valence bond theory" }, { "docid": "2061388", "text": "In mechanics, a few-body system consists of a small number of well-defined structures or point particles. Quantum mechanics In quantum mechanics, examples of few-body systems include light nuclear systems (that is, few-nucleon bound and scattering states), small molecules, light atoms (such as helium in an external electric field), atomic collisions, and quantum dots. A fundamental difficulty in describing few-body systems is that the Schrödinger equation and the classical equations of motion are not analytically solvable for more than two mutually interacting particles even when the underlying forces are precisely known. This is known as the few-body problem. For some three-body systems an exact solution can be obtained iteratively through the Faddeev equations. It can be shown that under certain conditions Faddeev equations should lead to the Efimov effect. Most three-body systems are amenable to extremely accurate numerical solutions that use large sets of basis functions and then variationally optimize the amplitudes of the basis functions. Particular cases are the Hydrogen molecular ion or the Helium atom. The latter has been solved very precisely using basis sets of Hylleraas or Frankowski-Pekeris functions (see references of the work of G.W.F. Drake and J.D. Morgan III in Helium atom section). In many cases theory has to resort to approximations to treat few-body systems. These approximations have to be tested by detailed experimental data. Atomic collisions or precision laser spectroscopy are particularly suitable for such tests. The fundamental force underlying atomic systems, the electromagnetic force, is essentially understood. Therefore, any discrepancy found between experiment and theory can be directly related to the theoretical description of few-body effects, or to the existence of new fundamental forces (beyond-Standard-Model forces). In nuclear systems, in contrast, the underlying force is much less understood. Furthermore, in atomic collisions the number of particles can be kept small enough so that complete kinematic information about every single particle in the system can be obtained experimentally (see article on kinematically complete experiment). In systems with large particle numbers, in contrast, usually only statistically averaged or collective quantities about the system can be measured. Classical mechanics In classical mechanics, the few-body problem is a subset of the N-body problem. Research One notable journal covering this field is Few-body Systems. Few Body Topical Group at American Physical Society. References L.D. Faddeev, S.P. Merkuriev, Quantum Scattering Theory for Several Particle Systems, Springer, August 31, 1993, . M. Schulz et al., Three-Dimensional Imaging of Atomic Four-Body Processes, Nature 422, 48 (2003) Erich Schmid, Horst Ziegelmann, The quantum mechanical three-body problem, University of California, 1974 В.Б. Беляев (V.B. Belyaev), \"Лекции по теории малочастичных систем\" (Lectures on the theory of few-body systems), М., Энергоатом из дат (Energoatomizdat, Moscow), 1986 External links Bogolyubov Theoretical Physics Laboratory (Joint Institute of Nuclear Research), Sector Few-Body Systems Joint Institute of Nuclear Research (Russia) American Physical Society Few Body Topical Group Classical mechanics Quantum mechanics", "title": "Few-body systems" }, { "docid": "69199096", "text": "Intrinsic bond orbitals (IBO) are localized molecular orbitals giving exact and non-empirical representations of wave functions. They are obtained by unitary transformation and form an orthogonal set of orbitals localized on a minimal number of atoms. IBOs present an intuitive and unbiased interpretation of chemical bonding with naturally arising Lewis structures. For this reason IBOs have been successfully employed for the elucidation of molecular structures and electron flow along the intrinsic reaction coordinate (IRC). IBOs have also found application as Wannier functions in the study of solids. Theory The IBO method entails molecular wave-functions calculated using self-consistent field (SCF) methods such as Kohn-Sham density functional theory (DFT) which are expressed as linear combinations of localized molecular orbitals. In order to arrive at IBOs, intrinsic atomic orbitals (IAOs) are first calculated as representations of a molecular wave function for which each IAO can be assigned to a specific atom. This allows for a chemically intuitive orbital picture as opposed to the commonly used large and diffuse basis sets for the construction of more complex molecular wavefunctions. IAOs are constructed from tabulated free-atom AOs of standard basis-sets under consideration of the molecular environment. This yields polarized atomic orbitals that resemble the free-atom AOs as much as possible, before orthonormalization of the polarized AOs results in the set of IAOs. IAOs are thus a minimal basis for a given molecule in which atomic contributions can be distinctly assigned. The sum of all IAOs spans exactly over the molecular orbitals which renders them an exact representation of the wavefunction. Since IAOs are associated with a specific atom, they can provide atom specific properties such as the partial charge. Compared to other charges, such as the Mulliken charge, the IAO charges are independent of the employed basis set. IBOs are constructed as a linear combination over IAOs with the condition of minimizing the number of atoms over which the orbital charge is spread. Each IBO can thereby be divided into the contributions of the atoms as the electronic occupation of orbital on atom . The localization is performed in the spirit of the Pipek-Mezey localization scheme, maximizing a localization functional . with or . While the choice of the exponent does not affect the resulting IBOs in most cases, the choice of localizes the orbitals in aromatic systems unlike . The process of IBO construction is performed by unitary tranfomation of canonical MOs, which ensures that the IBOs remain an exact and physically accurate representation of the molecular wavefunction due to the invariance of Slater determinant wavefunctions towards unitary rotations. The unitary matrix , which produces the localized IBOs upon matrix multiplication with set of occupied MOs , is thereby chosen to effectively minimize spread of IBOs over the atoms of a molecule. The product is a set of localized IBOs, closely resembling the chemically intuitive shapes of molecular orbitals, allowing for distinction of bond types, atomic contributions and polarization. Application in structure and bonding In his original paper introducing IBOs, Knizia showed the versatility", "title": "Intrinsic bond orbitals" }, { "docid": "30703104", "text": "In quantum chemistry, a natural bond orbital or NBO is a calculated bonding orbital with maximum electron density. The NBOs are one of a sequence of natural localized orbital sets that include \"natural atomic orbitals\" (NAO), \"natural hybrid orbitals\" (NHO), \"natural bonding orbitals\" (NBO) and \"natural (semi-)localized molecular orbitals\" (NLMO). These natural localized sets are intermediate between basis atomic orbitals (AO) and molecular orbitals (MO): Atomic orbital → NAO → NHO → NBO → NLMO → Molecular orbital Natural (localized) orbitals are used in computational chemistry to calculate the distribution of electron density in atoms and in bonds between atoms. They have the \"maximum-occupancy character\" in localized 1-center and 2-center regions of the molecule. Natural bond orbitals (NBOs) include the highest possible percentage of the electron density, ideally close to 2.000, providing the most accurate possible “natural Lewis structure” of ψ. A high percentage of electron density (denoted %-ρL), often found to be >99% for common organic molecules, correspond with an accurate natural Lewis structure. The concept of natural orbitals was first introduced by Per-Olov Löwdin in 1955, to describe the unique set of orthonormal 1-electron functions that are intrinsic to the N-electron wavefunction. Theory Each bonding NBO σAB (the donor) can be written in terms of two directed valence hybrids (NHOs) hA, hB on atoms A and B, with corresponding polarization coefficients cA, cB: σAB = cA hΑ + cB hB The bonds vary smoothly from covalent (cA = cB) to ionic (cA >> cB) limit. Each valence bonding NBO σ must be paired with a corresponding valence antibonding NBO σ* (the acceptor) to complete the span of the valence space: σAB* = cA hΑ − cB hB The bonding NBOs are of the \"Lewis orbital\"-type (occupation numbers near 2); antibonding NBOs are of the \"non-Lewis orbital\"-type (occupation numbers near 0). In an idealized Lewis structure, full Lewis orbitals (two electrons) are complemented by formally empty non-Lewis orbitals. Weak occupancies of the valence antibonds signal irreducible departures from an idealized localized Lewis structure, which means true \"delocalization effects\". Lewis structures With a computer program that can calculate NBOs, optimal Lewis structures can be found. An optimal Lewis structure can be defined as that one with the maximum amount of electronic charge in Lewis orbitals (Lewis charge). A low amount of electronic charge in Lewis orbitals indicates strong effects of electron delocalization. In resonance structures, major and minor contributing structures may exist. For amides, for example, NBO calculations show that the structure with a carbonyl double bond is the dominant Lewis structure. However, in NBO calculations, \"covalent-ionic resonance\" is not needed due to the inclusion of bond-polarity effects in the resonance structures. This is similar to other modern valence bond theory methods. See also Molecular orbital theory Basis set (chemistry) References External links Homepage for the NBO computer program: http://nbo6.chem.wisc.edu/ IUPAC Gold Book definition: natural bond orbital (NBO) Free, open-source implementation for Atomic orbital → NAO transformation and Natural Population Analysis methods: JANPA package Quantum chemistry", "title": "Natural bond orbital" }, { "docid": "11483854", "text": "In chemistry, ligand close packing theory (LCP theory), sometimes called the ligand close packing model describes how ligand – ligand repulsions affect the geometry around a central atom. It has been developed by R. J. Gillespie and others from 1997 onwards and is said to sit alongside VSEPR which was originally developed by R. J. Gillespie and R Nyholm. The inter-ligand distances in a wide range of molecules have been determined. The example below shows a series of related molecules: The consistency of the interligand distances (F-F and O-F) in the above molecules is striking and this phenomenon is repeated across a wide range of molecules and forms the basis for LCP theory. Ligand radius From a study of known structural data a series of inter-ligand distances has been determined and it has been found that there is a constant inter-ligand radius for a given central atom. The table below shows the inter-ligand radius (pm) for some of the period 2 elements: The ligand radius should not be confused with the ionic radius. Treatment of lone pairs In LCP theory a lone pair is treated as a ligand. Gillespie terms the lone pair a lone pair domain and states that these lone pair domains push the ligands together until they reach the interligand distance predicted by the relevant inter-ligand radii. An example demonstrating this is shown below, where the F-F distance is the same in the AF3 and AF4+ species : LCP and VSEPR LCP and VSEPR make very similar predictions as to geometry but LCP theory has the advantage that predictions are more quantitative particularly for the second period elements, Be, B, C, N, O, F. Ligand -ligand repulsions are important when the central atom is small e.g. period 2, (Be, B, C, N, O) the ligands are only weakly electronegative compared to the central atom the ligands are large compared to the central atom there are 5 or more ligands around the central atom References Chemistry theories Molecular geometry Stereochemistry Quantum chemistry", "title": "LCP theory" }, { "docid": "2682167", "text": "Richard F. W. Bader (October 15, 1931 – January 15, 2012) was a Canadian quantum chemist, noted for his work on the Atoms in molecules theory. This theory attempts to establish a physical basis for many of the working concepts of chemistry, such as atoms in molecules and bonding, in terms of the topology of the electron density function in three-dimensional space. Alongside the eminent chemist Ronald Gillespie, he had a significant influence on inorganic chemistry education in Canada. He was born in 1931 in Kitchener, Ontario, Canada. His parents were Albert Bader and Alvina Bader, who immigrated from Switzerland. His father was a butcher at Burns Pride of Canada and his mother was a housekeeper at Kitchener Hospital of Waterloo. He received a scholarship from McMaster University that allowed him to earn a BSC in 1953. His father was his best supporter who encouraged him and taught him to \"never quit\" his education and his dream. He finished his master's degree in science at McMaster University in 1955. He obtained a PhD (1958) from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). He did postdoctoral work at MIT and the University of Cambridge. He was appointed assistant professor in the Department of Chemistry at the University of Ottawa in 1959 and promoted to associate professor in 1962. He moved to McMaster University as associate professor in 1963, became full Professor in 1966 and was Emeritus Professor until 1996. He was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society of Canada in 1980. He was a fellow of the Chemical Institute of Canada. Bader has received the John Simon Guggenheim Memorial Fellowship. Bader was elected a Grand Fellow of the MIRCE Academy, Exeter, UK, in 2010. Over his long career, he published 223 refereed articles and book chapters about chemistry and physics. Bader's works in recent years are cited more than 3000 times per year. Richard Bader discovered that electron density is very important in explaining the behavior of atoms in the molecules. According to his theory, there are no atomic orbitals in the molecules. This was a new idea and went against accepted theories. He fought hard for his revolutionary ideas and found it difficult to publish. In the end, the theories became more accepted and published a book Atoms in Molecules, a Quantum Theory in 1991. Bader said: 'We had a lot of deep discussions, and it started to occur to me that chemistry was in a real bind because we had this very powerful molecular structure hypothesis that came from the cauldron of experimental physics. But everyone had their own dictionary - different people had a different idea of what a bond was. We were trying to do science with everyone using their own private dictionary. I decided that when I left, I would make it my goal to find the physical basis of chemistry.' Bader helped create the widely used software program, AIMPAC, that predicts the property of molecules based on the atoms in that molecule. Bader married Pamela", "title": "Richard Bader" }, { "docid": "2783196", "text": "In optics, the corpuscular theory of light states that light is made up of small discrete particles called \"corpuscles\" (little particles) which travel in a straight line with a finite velocity and possess impetus. This was based on an alternate description of atomism of the time period. Isaac Newton laid the foundations for this theory through his work in optics. This early conception of the particle theory of light was an early forerunner to the modern understanding of the photon. This theory came to dominate the conceptions of light in the eighteenth century, displacing the previously prominent vibration theories, where light was viewed as \"pressure\" of the medium between the source and the receiver, first championed by René Descartes, and later in a more refined form by Christiaan Huygens. It would fall out of favor in the early nineteenth century, as the wave theory of light amassed new experimental evidence. Mechanical philosophy In the early 17th century, natural philosophers began to develop new ways to understand nature gradually replacing Aristotelianism, which had been for centuries the dominant scientific theory, during the process known as the Scientific Revolution. Various European philosophers adopted what came to be known as mechanical philosophy sometime between around 1610 to 1650, which described the universe and its contents as a kind of large-scale mechanism, a philosophy that explained the universe is made with matter and motion. This mechanical philosophy was based on Epicureanism, and the work of Leucippus and his pupil Democritus and their atomism, in which everything in the universe, including a person's body, mind, soul and even thoughts, was made of atoms; very small particles of moving matter. During the early part of the 17th century, the atomistic portion of mechanical philosophy was largely developed by Gassendi, René Descartes and other atomists. Pierre Gassendi's atomist matter theory The core of Pierre Gassendi's philosophy is his atomist matter theory. In his great work, Syntagma Philosophicum, (\"Philosophical Treatise\"), published posthumously in 1658, Gassendi tried to explain aspects of matter and natural phenomena of the world in terms of atoms and the void. He took Epicurean atomism and modified it to be compatible with Christian theology, by suggesting several key changes to it: God exists God created a finite number of indivisible and moving atoms God has a continuing divine relationship to creation (of matter) Humans have free will The human soul exists God was not born and will never die (God was always here and will always be) Gassendi thought that atoms move in an empty space, classically known as the void, which contradicts the Aristotelian view that the universe is fully made of matter. Gassendi also suggests that information gathered by the human senses has a material form, especially in the case of vision. Corpuscular theories Corpuscular theories, or corpuscularianism, are similar to the theories of atomism, except that in atomism the atoms were supposed to be indivisible, whereas corpuscles could in principle be divided. Corpuscles are single, infinitesimally small, particles that have shape, size,", "title": "Corpuscular theory of light" }, { "docid": "41555255", "text": "The idea that matter consists of smaller particles and that there exists a limited number of sorts of primary, smallest particles in nature has existed in natural philosophy at least since the 6th century BC. Such ideas gained physical credibility beginning in the 19th century, but the concept of \"elementary particle\" underwent some changes in its meaning: notably, modern physics no longer deems elementary particles indestructible. Even elementary particles can decay or collide destructively; they can cease to exist and create (other) particles in result. Increasingly small particles have been discovered and researched: they include molecules, which are constructed of atoms, that in turn consist of subatomic particles, namely atomic nuclei and electrons. Many more types of subatomic particles have been found. Most such particles (but not electrons) were eventually found to be composed of even smaller particles such as quarks. Particle physics studies these smallest particles; nuclear physics studies atomic nuclei and their (immediate) constituents: protons and neutrons. Early development The idea that all matter is composed of elementary particles dates to as far as the 6th century BC. The Jains in ancient India were the earliest to advocate the particular nature of material objects between 9th and 5th century BCE. According to Jain leaders like Parshvanatha and Mahavira, the ajiva (non living part of universe) consists of matter or pudgala, of definite or indefinite shape which is made up tiny uncountable and invisible particles called permanu. Permanu occupies space-point and each permanu has definite colour, smell, taste and texture. Infinite varieties of permanu unite and form pudgala. The philosophical doctrine of atomism and the nature of elementary particles were also studied by ancient Greek philosophers such as Leucippus, Democritus, and Epicurus; ancient Indian philosophers such as Kanada, Dignāga, and Dharmakirti; Muslim scientists such as Ibn al-Haytham, Ibn Sina, and Mohammad al-Ghazali; and in early modern Europe by physicists such as Pierre Gassendi, Robert Boyle, and Isaac Newton. The particle theory of light was also proposed by Ibn al-Haytham, Ibn Sina, Gassendi, and Newton. Those early ideas were founded through abstract, philosophical reasoning rather than experimentation and empirical observation and represented only one line of thought among many. In contrast, certain ideas of Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz (see Monadology) contradict to almost everything known in modern physics. In the 19th century, John Dalton, through his work on stoichiometry, concluded that each chemical element was composed of a single, unique type of particle. Dalton and his contemporaries believed those were the fundamental particles of nature and thus named them atoms, after the Greek word atomos, meaning \"indivisible\" or \"uncut\". However, near the end of 19th century, physicists discovered that Dalton's atoms are not, in fact, the fundamental particles of nature, but conglomerates of even smaller particles. From atoms to nucleons The state of electromagnetic theory Throughout the 1800's scientists explored many phenomena of electricity and magnetism, culminating in an accurate theory by James Clerk Maxwell. This theory was a continuous field model developed around the ideas of luminiferous aether. When no", "title": "History of subatomic physics" }, { "docid": "2151949", "text": "The Mott problem is an iconic challenge to quantum mechanics theory: how can the prediction of spherically symmetric wave function result in linear tracks seen in a cloud chamber. The problem was first formulated in 1927 by Albert Einstein and Max Born and solved in 1929 by Nevill Francis Mott. Mott's solution notably only uses the wave equation, not wavefunction collapse, and it is considered the earliest example of what is now called decoherence theory. Spherical waves, particle tracks The problem later associated with Mott concerns a spherical wave function associated with an alpha ray emitted from the decay of a radioactive atomic nucleus. Intuitively, one might think that such a wave function should randomly ionize atoms throughout the cloud chamber, but this is not the case. The result of such a decay is always observed as linear tracks seen in Wilson's cloud chamber. The origin of the tracks given the original spherical wave predicted by theory is the problem requiring physical explanation. In practice, virtually all high energy physics experiments, such as those conducted at particle colliders, involve wave functions which are inherently spherical. Yet, when the results of a particle collision are detected, they are invariably in the form of linear tracks (see, for example, the illustrations accompanying the article on bubble chambers). It is somewhat strange to think that a spherically symmetric wave function should be observed as a straight track, and yet, this occurs on a daily basis in all particle collider experiments. History The problem of alpha particle track was discussed at the Fifth Solvay conference in 1927. Max Born described the problem as one that Albert Einstein pointed to, asking \"how can the corpuscular character of the phenomenon be reconciled here with the representation by waves?\". Born answers with Heisenberg's \"reduction of the probability packet\", now called wavefunction collapse, introduced in May of 1927. Born says each droplet in the cloud chamber track corresponds to a reduction of the wave in the immediate vicinity of the droplet. At the suggestion of Wolfgang Pauli he also discusses a solution that includes the alpha emitter and two atoms all in the same state and without wave function collapse, but does not pursue the idea beyond a brief discussion. In his highly influential 1930 book, Werner Heisenberg analyzed the problem qualitatively but in detail. He considers two cases: wavefunction collapse at each interaction or wavefunction collapse only at the final apparatus, concluding they are equivalent. In 1929 Charles Galton Darwin analyzed the problem without using wavefunction collapse. He says the correct approach requires viewing the wavefunction as consisting of the system under study (the alpha particle) and the environment it interacts with (atoms of the cloud chamber). Starting with a simple spherical wave, each collision involves a wavefunction with more coordinates and increasing complexity. His model coincides with the strategy of modern quantum decoherence theory. Mott's analysis Nevill Mott picks up where Darwin left off, citing Darwin's paper explicitly. Mott's goal is to calculate the probability of", "title": "Mott problem" }, { "docid": "2121149", "text": "In theoretical and computational chemistry, a basis set is a set of functions (called basis functions) that is used to represent the electronic wave function in the Hartree–Fock method or density-functional theory in order to turn the partial differential equations of the model into algebraic equations suitable for efficient implementation on a computer. The use of basis sets is equivalent to the use of an approximate resolution of the identity: the orbitals are expanded within the basis set as a linear combination of the basis functions , where the expansion coefficients are given by . The basis set can either be composed of atomic orbitals (yielding the linear combination of atomic orbitals approach), which is the usual choice within the quantum chemistry community; plane waves which are typically used within the solid state community, or real-space approaches. Several types of atomic orbitals can be used: Gaussian-type orbitals, Slater-type orbitals, or numerical atomic orbitals. Out of the three, Gaussian-type orbitals are by far the most often used, as they allow efficient implementations of post-Hartree–Fock methods. Introduction In modern computational chemistry, quantum chemical calculations are performed using a finite set of basis functions. When the finite basis is expanded towards an (infinite) complete set of functions, calculations using such a basis set are said to approach the complete basis set (CBS) limit. In this context, basis function and atomic orbital are sometimes used interchangeably, although the basis functions are usually not true atomic orbitals. Within the basis set, the wavefunction is represented as a vector, the components of which correspond to coefficients of the basis functions in the linear expansion. In such a basis, one-electron operators correspond to matrices (a.k.a. rank two tensors), whereas two-electron operators are rank four tensors. When molecular calculations are performed, it is common to use a basis composed of atomic orbitals, centered at each nucleus within the molecule (linear combination of atomic orbitals ansatz). The physically best motivated basis set are Slater-type orbitals (STOs), which are solutions to the Schrödinger equation of hydrogen-like atoms, and decay exponentially far away from the nucleus. It can be shown that the molecular orbitals of Hartree–Fock and density-functional theory also exhibit exponential decay. Furthermore, S-type STOs also satisfy Kato's cusp condition at the nucleus, meaning that they are able to accurately describe electron density near the nucleus. However, hydrogen-like atoms lack many-electron interactions, thus the orbitals do not accurately describe electron state correlations. Unfortunately, calculating integrals with STOs is computationally difficult and it was later realized by Frank Boys that STOs could be approximated as linear combinations of Gaussian-type orbitals (GTOs) instead. Because the product of two GTOs can be written as a linear combination of GTOs, integrals with Gaussian basis functions can be written in closed form, which leads to huge computational savings (see John Pople). Dozens of Gaussian-type orbital basis sets have been published in the literature. Basis sets typically come in hierarchies of increasing size, giving a controlled way to obtain more accurate solutions, however at a higher", "title": "Basis set (chemistry)" }, { "docid": "776713", "text": "In physics, a unified field theory (UFT) is a type of field theory that allows all that is usually thought of as fundamental forces and elementary particles to be written in terms of a pair of physical and virtual fields. According to modern discoveries in physics, forces are not transmitted directly between interacting objects but instead are described and interpreted by intermediary entities called fields. However, a duality of the fields is combined into a single physical field. For over a century, unified field theory has remained an open line of research. The term was coined by Albert Einstein, who attempted to unify his general theory of relativity with electromagnetism. The \"Theory of Everything\" and Grand Unified Theory are closely related to unified field theory, but differ by not requiring the basis of nature to be fields, and often by attempting to explain physical constants of nature. Earlier attempts based on classical physics are described in the article on classical unified field theories. The goal of a unified field theory has led to a great deal of progress for future theoretical physics, and progress continues. Introduction Forces All four of the known fundamental forces are mediated by fields, which in the Standard Model of particle physics result from the exchange of gauge bosons. Specifically, the four fundamental interactions to be unified are: Strong interaction: the interaction responsible for holding quarks together to form hadrons, and holding neutrons and also protons together to form atomic nuclei. The exchange particle that mediates this force is the gluon. Electromagnetic interaction: the familiar interaction that acts on electrically charged particles. The photon is the exchange particle for this force. Weak interaction: a short-range interaction responsible for some forms of radioactivity, that acts on electrons, neutrinos, and quarks. It is mediated by the W and Z bosons. Gravitational interaction: a long-range attractive interaction that acts on all particles. The postulated exchange particle has been named the graviton. Modern unified field theory attempts to bring these four forces and matter together into a single framework. History Classic theory The first successful classical unified field theory was developed by James Clerk Maxwell. In 1820, Hans Christian Ørsted discovered that electric currents exerted forces on magnets, while in 1831, Michael Faraday made the observation that time-varying magnetic fields could induce electric currents. Until then, electricity and magnetism had been thought of as unrelated phenomena. In 1864, Maxwell published his famous paper on a dynamical theory of the electromagnetic field. This was the first example of a theory that was able to encompass previously separate field theories (namely electricity and magnetism) to provide a unifying theory of electromagnetism. By 1905, Albert Einstein had used the constancy of the speed of light in Maxwell's theory to unify our notions of space and time into an entity we now call spacetime and in 1915 he expanded this theory of special relativity to a description of gravity, general relativity, using a field to describe the curving geometry of four-dimensional spacetime. In the", "title": "Unified field theory" }, { "docid": "59872034", "text": "FHI-aims (Fritz Haber Institute ab initio materials simulations) is a software package for computational molecular and materials science written in Fortran. It uses density functional theory and many-body perturbation theory to simulate chemical and physical properties of atoms, molecules, nanostructures, solids, and surfaces. Originally developed at the Fritz Haber Institute in Berlin, the ongoing development of the FHI-aims source code is now driven by a worldwide community of collaborating research institutions. Overview The FHI-aims software package is an all-electron, full-potential electronic structure code utilizing numeric atom-centered basis functions for its electronic structure calculations. The localized basis set enables the accurate treatment of all electrons on the same footing in periodic and non-periodic systems without relying on the approximation for the core states, such as pseudopotentials. Importantly, the basis sets enable high numerical accuracy on par with the best available all-electron reference methods while remaining scalable to system sizes up to several thousands of atoms. In order to achieve this for bulk solids, surfaces or other low-dimensional systems and molecules, the choice of basis functions is crucial. The workload of the simulations is efficiently distributable for parallel computing using the MPI communication protocol. The code is routinely used on platforms ranging from laptops to distributed-parallel supercomputers with ten thousand CPUs, and the scalability of the code has been tested up to 100,000's of CPUs. The primary production methods of FHI-aims are density functional theory as well as many-body methods and higher-level quantum chemistry approaches. For the exchange-correlation treatment, local (LDA), semi-local (e.g., PBE, PBEsol), meta-GGA, and hybrid (e.g., HSE06, B3LYP) functionals have been implemented. The resulting orbitals can be used within the framework of many-body perturbation theory, such as Møller-Plesset perturbation theory or the GW approximation. Moreover, thermodynamic properties of the molecules and solids are accessible via Born-Oppenheimer molecular dynamics and path integral molecular dynamics methods. The first step is to expand the Kohn-Sham orbitals packages into a set of basis functions Since FHI-aims is an all-electron full-potential code that is computationally efficient without compromising accuracy, the choice of basis function is crucial in order to achieve the said accuracy. Therefore, FHI-aims is based on numerically tabulated atom-centered orbitals (NAOs) of the form: As the name implies, the radial shape is numerically tabulated and, therefore, fully flexible. This allows the creation of optimized element-dependent basis sets that are as compact as possible while retaining a high and transferable accuracy in production calculations up to meV-level total energy convergence. To obtain real-valued , here denotes the real parts () and imaginary parts () of complex spherical harmonics, with an implicit function of the radial function index . History The first line of code of the actual FHI-aims code was written in late 2004, using the atomic solver employed in the Fritz Haber Institute pseudopotential program package fhi98PP as a foundation to obtain radial functions for use as basis functions. The first developments benefitted heavily from the excellent set of numerical technologies described in several publications by Bernard Delley and coworkers in the", "title": "FHI-aims" }, { "docid": "33064180", "text": "In theoretical chemistry and molecular physics, Coulson–Fischer theory provides a quantum mechanical description of the electronic structure of molecules. The 1949 seminal work of Coulson and Fischer established a theory of molecular electronic structure which combines the strengths of the two rival theories which emerged soon after the advent of quantum chemistry - valence bond theory and molecular orbital theory, whilst avoiding many of their weaknesses. For example, unlike the widely used Hartree–Fock molecular orbital method, Coulson–Fischer theory provides a qualitatively correct description of molecular dissociative processes. The Coulson–Fischer wave function has been said to provide a third way in quantum chemistry. Modern valence bond theory is often seen as an extension of the Coulson–Fischer method. Theory Coulson–Fischer theory is an extension of modern valence bond theory that uses localized atomic orbitals as the basis for VBT structures. In Coulson-Fischer Theory, orbitals are delocalized towards nearby atoms. This is described for H2 as follows: where a and b are atomic 1s orbitals, that are used as the basis functions for VBT, and λ is a delocalization parameter from 0 to 1. The VB structures then use and as the basis functions to describe the total electronic wavefunction as in obvious analogy to the Heitler-London wavefunction. However, an expansion of the Coulson-Fischer description of the wavefunction in terms of a and b gives: A full VBT description of H2 that includes both ionic and covalent contributions is where ε and μ are constants between 0 and 1. As a result, the CF description gives the same description as a full valence bond description, but with just one VB structure. References External links Theoretical chemistry Molecular physics Electronic structure methods", "title": "Coulson–Fischer theory" }, { "docid": "2843479", "text": "In quantum chemistry, the quantum theory of atoms in molecules (QTAIM), sometimes referred to as atoms in molecules (AIM), is a model of molecular and condensed matter electronic systems (such as crystals) in which the principal objects of molecular structure - atoms and bonds - are natural expressions of a system's observable electron density distribution function. An electron density distribution of a molecule is a probability distribution that describes the average manner in which the electronic charge is distributed throughout real space in the attractive field exerted by the nuclei. According to QTAIM, molecular structure is revealed by the stationary points of the electron density together with the gradient paths of the electron density that originate and terminate at these points. QTAIM was primarily developed by Professor Richard Bader and his research group at McMaster University over the course of decades, beginning with analyses of theoretically calculated electron densities of simple molecules in the early 1960s and culminating with analyses of both theoretically and experimentally measured electron densities of crystals in the 90s. The development of QTAIM was driven by the assumption that, since the concepts of atoms and bonds have been and continue to be so ubiquitously useful in interpreting, classifying, predicting and communicating chemistry, they should have a well-defined physical basis. QTAIM recovers the central operational concepts of the molecular structure hypothesis, that of a functional grouping of atoms with an additive and characteristic set of properties, together with a definition of the bonds that link the atoms and impart the structure. QTAIM defines chemical bonding and structure of a chemical system based on the topology of the electron density. In addition to bonding, QTAIM allows the calculation of certain physical properties on a per-atom basis, by dividing space up into atomic volumes containing exactly one nucleus, which acts as a local attractor of the electron density. In QTAIM an atom is defined as a proper open system, i.e. a system that can share energy and electron density which is localized in the 3D space. The mathematical study of these features is usually referred to in the literature as charge density topology. QTAIM rests on the fact that the dominant topological property of the vast majority of electron density distributions is the presence of strong maxima that occur exclusively at the nuclei, certain pairs of which are linked together by ridges of electron density. In terms of an electron density distribution's gradient vector field, this corresponds to a complete, non-overlapping partitioning of a molecule into three-dimensional basins (atoms) that are linked together by shared two-dimensional separatrices (interatomic surfaces). Within each interatomic surface, the electron density is a maximum at the corresponding internuclear saddle point, which also lies at the minimum of the ridge between corresponding pair of nuclei, the ridge being defined by the pair of gradient trajectories (bond path) originating at the saddle point and terminating at the nuclei. Because QTAIM atoms are always bounded by surfaces having zero flux in the gradient vector field of the", "title": "Atoms in molecules" }, { "docid": "8632927", "text": "Volker Heine FRS (born 19 September 1930 in Hamburg, Germany) is a New Zealand / British physicist. He is married to Daphne and they have three children. Volker Heine is considered a pioneer of theoretical and computational studies of the electronic structure of solids and liquids and the determination of physical properties derived from it. Biography Volker Heine was educated at Wanganui Collegiate School and the University of Otago (New Zealand). In 1954, he came to Cambridge (UK) on a Shell Post-Graduate Scholarship to do his Ph.D. in physics (1956) as student of Sir Nevill Mott. In the following years he obtained a Fellowship at Clare College and became part of the new theory group in the Cavendish Laboratory and apart from a post-doc year and several sabbaticals and summer visits in the US, he stayed in Cambridge for the remainder of his career. In 1976, Heine became a professor and took over as head of the theory group which was by then called \"Theory of Condensed Matter\". He held that position until his retirement in 1997. Volker Heine has been a very active figure in the international scientific community, shaping in particular the landscape of the field of atomistic computer simulations in Europe. He initiated and later led the Psi-k network, a worldwide network of researchers working on the advancement of first-principles computational materials science. Psi-k's mission is to develop fundamental theory, algorithms, and computer codes in order to understand, predict, and design materials properties and functions. Key activities of Psi-k are the organization of conferences, workshops, tutorials and training schools as well as the dissemination of scientific thinking in society. Volker Heine was elected Fellow of the Royal Society in 1974 and of the American Physical Society in 1987. He was awarded the Maxwell Medal and Prize in 1972, the Royal Medal of the Royal Society (London) in 1993, the Dirac Medal of the Institute of Physics in 1994, and the Max Born Prize in 2001. He has been visiting professor at several universities around the world and External Scientific Member of the Max Planck Institute for Solid State Research in Stuttgart. Research Volker Heine's research essentially covered three areas: (a) Understanding the behavior of materials from the calculation of their electronic structure; (b) Understanding the origin of incommensurately modulated materials; (c) Understanding the structure and properties of minerals from an atomic point of view. His main research topic is electronic structure theory and particularly the development of various fundamental concepts for condensed matter physics. Here, his pioneering work on pseudopotentials forms a basis of most presently undertaken electronic structure and total-energy calculations, in particular for semiconductors and so-called sp-bonded metals. He also developed the basic description of electron-phonon coupling, and much of our understanding of the structure and atomic relaxation at surfaces was established by Heine. Furthermore, his groundbreaking work on the complex band structure and pioneering ideas in the theory of surface states provides the basis of present-day description and understanding of electronic properties of bulk", "title": "Volker Heine" }, { "docid": "11736149", "text": "In computational chemistry, distributed multipole analysis (DMA) is a compact and accurate way of describing the spatial distribution of electric charge within a molecule. Multipole expansion The DMA method was devised by Prof. Anthony Stone of Cambridge University to describe the charge distribution of a molecule in terms of a multipole expansion around a number of centers. The idea of using a multi-center multipole expansion was earlier proposed by Robert Rein. Typically, the centers correspond to the atoms constituting the molecule, though this is not a requirement. A multipole series, consisting of a charge, dipole, quadrupole and higher terms is located at each center. Importantly, the radius of convergence of this multipole series is sufficiently small that the relevant series will be convergent when describing two molecules in van der Waals contact. The DMA series are derived from ab initio or density functional theory calculations using Gaussian basis sets. If the molecular orbitals are written as linear combinations of atomic basis functions the electron density takes the form of a sum of products of the basis functions, called density matrix elements. Boys (1950) showed that the product of two spherical Gaussian functions, centered at different points, can be expressed as a single Gaussian at an intermediate point known as the overlap center. If a basis of Gaussian functions is used, the product of two s functions is spherically symmetric and can be represented completely just by a point charge at the ‘overlap center’ of the two Gaussian functions. The product of an s orbital and a p orbital has only charge and dipole components, and the product of two p functions has charge, dipole and quadrupole components. If the overlap center is not at an atom, one can move the origin of the multipole expansion to the nearest distributed multipole site, re-expressing the series to account for the change of origin. The multipole expansion will no longer terminate, but the higher terms will be small. One may take the sites wherever one chooses, but they will usually be at the atoms. For small molecules one may wish to use additional sites at the centers of bonds; for larger molecules one may use a single site to describe a group of atoms such as a methyl group. The DMA procedure is exact and very fast, but for modern large basis sets with diffuse basis functions it has to be modified somewhat. When the basis functions have exponents that are small, the product function extends over several atoms, and it is better to calculate the distributed multipoles by numerical quadrature over a grid of points. The grid can be defined so that each point is associated with a particular site, and the multipoles for each site are obtained by quadrature over the points belonging to that site. This description then includes at each site: Charges, describing electronegativity effects in a chemically intuitive way; Dipoles, arising from overlap of s and p orbitals and describing lone pairs and other atomic distortions; Quadrupoles, arising", "title": "Distributed multipole analysis" }, { "docid": "1530689", "text": "In physics, complementarity is a conceptual aspect of quantum mechanics that Niels Bohr regarded as an essential feature of the theory. The complementarity principle holds that certain pairs of complementary properties cannot all be observed or measured simultaneously, for examples, position and momentum or wave and particle properties. In contemporary terms, complementarity encompasses both the uncertainty principle and wave-particle duality. Bohr considered one of the foundational truths of quantum mechanics to be the fact that setting up an experiment to measure one quantity of a pair, for instance the position of an electron, excludes the possibility of measuring the other, yet understanding both experiments is necessary to characterize the object under study. In Bohr's view, the behavior of atomic and subatomic objects cannot be separated from the measuring instruments that create the context in which the measured objects behave. Consequently, there is no \"single picture\" that unifies the results obtained in these different experimental contexts, and only the \"totality of the phenomena\" together can provide a completely informative description. History Background Complementarity as a physical model derives from Niels Bohr's 1927 presentation in Como, Italy, at a scientific celebration of the work of Alessandro Volta 100 years previous. Bohr's subject was complementarity, the idea that measurements of quantum events provide complementary information through seemingly contradictory results. While Bohr's presentation was not well received, it did crystallize the issues ultimately leading to the modern wave-particle duality concept. The contradictory results that triggered Bohr's ideas had been building up over the previous 20 years. The contradictory evidence came both from light and from electrons. The wave theory of light, broadly successful for over a hundred years, had been challenged by Planck's 1901 model of blackbody radiation and Einstein's 1905 interpretation of the photoelectric effect. These theoretical models use discrete energy, a quantum, to describe the interaction of light with matter. Despite confirmation by various experimental observations, the photon theory (as it came to be called later) remained controversial until Arthur Compton performed a series of experiments from 1922 to 1924 demonstrating the momentum of light. The experimental evidence of particle-like momentum seemingly contradicted other experiments demonstrating the wave-like interference of light. The contradictory evidence from electrons arrived in the opposite order. Many experiments by J. J. Thompson, Robert Millikan, and Charles Wilson among others had shown that free electrons had particle properties. However, in 1924, Louis de Broglie proposed that electrons had an associated wave and Schrödinger demonstrated that wave equations accurately account for electron properties in atoms. Again some experiments showed particle properties and others wave properties. Bohr's resolution of these contradictions is to accept them. In his Como lecture he says: \"our interpretation of the experimental material rests essentially upon the classical concepts.\" Direct observation being impossible, observations of quantum effects are necessarily classical. Whatever the nature of quantum events, our only information will arrive via classical results. If experiments sometimes produce wave results and sometimes particle results, that is the nature of light and of the ultimate constituents of", "title": "Complementarity (physics)" }, { "docid": "17616354", "text": "Knots have been used for basic purposes such as recording information, fastening and tying objects together, for thousands of years. The early significant stimulus in knot theory would arrive later with Sir William Thomson (Lord Kelvin) and his vortex theory of the atom. History Pre-modern Different knots are better at different tasks, such as climbing or sailing. Knots were also regarded as having spiritual and religious symbolism in addition to their aesthetic qualities. The endless knot appears in Tibetan Buddhism, while the Borromean rings have made repeated appearances in different cultures, often symbolizing unity. The Celtic monks who created the Book of Kells lavished entire pages with intricate Celtic knotwork. Early modern Knots were studied from a mathematical viewpoint by Carl Friedrich Gauss, who in 1833 developed the Gauss linking integral for computing the linking number of two knots. His student Johann Benedict Listing, after whom Listing's knot is named, furthered their study. In 1867 after observing Scottish physicist Peter Tait's experiments involving smoke rings, Thomson came to the idea that atoms were knots of swirling vortices in the æther. Chemical elements would thus correspond to knots and links. Tait's experiments were inspired by a paper of Helmholtz's on vortex-rings in incompressible fluids. Thomson and Tait believed that an understanding and classification of all possible knots would explain why atoms absorb and emit light at only the discrete wavelengths that they do. For example, Thomson thought that sodium could be the Hopf link due to its two lines of spectra. Tait subsequently began listing unique knots in the belief that he was creating a table of elements. He formulated what is now known as the Tait conjectures on alternating knots. (The conjectures were proved in the 1990s.) Tait's knot tables were subsequently improved upon by C. N. Little and Thomas Kirkman. James Clerk Maxwell, a colleague and friend of Thomson's and Tait's, also developed a strong interest in knots. Maxwell studied Listing's work on knots. He re-interpreted Gauss's linking integral in terms of electromagnetic theory. In his formulation, the integral represented the work done by a charged particle moving along one component of the link under the influence of the magnetic field generated by an electric current along with the other component. Maxwell also continued the study of smoke rings by considering three interacting rings. When the luminiferous æther was not detected in the Michelson–Morley experiment, vortex theory became completely obsolete, and knot theory ceased to be of great scientific interest. Modern physics demonstrates that the discrete wavelengths depend on quantum energy levels. Late Modern Following the development topology in the early 20th century spearheaded by Henri Poincaré, topologists such as Max Dehn, J. W. Alexander, and Kurt Reidemeister, investigated knots. Out of this sprang the Reidemeister moves and the Alexander polynomial. Dehn also developed Dehn surgery, which related knots to the general theory of 3-manifolds, and formulated the Dehn problems in group theory, such as the word problem. Early pioneers in the first half of the 20th century include", "title": "History of knot theory" }, { "docid": "19595664", "text": "In physics, time is defined by its measurement: time is what a clock reads. In classical, non-relativistic physics, it is a scalar quantity (often denoted by the symbol ) and, like length, mass, and charge, is usually described as a fundamental quantity. Time can be combined mathematically with other physical quantities to derive other concepts such as motion, kinetic energy and time-dependent fields. Timekeeping is a complex of technological and scientific issues, and part of the foundation of recordkeeping. Markers of time Before there were clocks, time was measured by those physical processes which were understandable to each epoch of civilization: the first appearance (see: heliacal rising) of Sirius to mark the flooding of the Nile each year the periodic succession of night and day, seemingly eternally the position on the horizon of the first appearance of the sun at dawn the position of the sun in the sky the marking of the moment of noontime during the day the length of the shadow cast by a gnomon Eventually, it became possible to characterize the passage of time with instrumentation, using operational definitions. Simultaneously, our conception of time has evolved, as shown below. The unit of measurement of time: the second In the International System of Units (SI), the unit of time is the second (symbol: ). It is a SI base unit, and has been defined since 1967 as \"the duration of [cycles] of the radiation corresponding to the transition between the two hyperfine levels of the ground state of the caesium 133 atom\". This definition is based on the operation of a caesium atomic clock. These clocks became practical for use as primary reference standards after about 1955, and have been in use ever since. The state of the art in timekeeping The UTC timestamp in use worldwide is an atomic time standard. The relative accuracy of such a time standard is currently on the order of 10−15 (corresponding to 1 second in approximately 30 million years). The smallest time step considered theoretically observable is called the Planck time, which is approximately 5.391×10−44 seconds – many orders of magnitude below the resolution of current time standards. The caesium atomic clock became practical after 1950, when advances in electronics enabled reliable measurement of the microwave frequencies it generates. As further advances occurred, atomic clock research has progressed to ever-higher frequencies, which can provide higher accuracy and higher precision. Clocks based on these techniques have been developed, but are not yet in use as primary reference standards. Conceptions of time Galileo, Newton, and most people up until the 20th century thought that time was the same for everyone everywhere. This is the basis for timelines, where time is a parameter. The modern understanding of time is based on Einstein's theory of relativity, in which rates of time run differently depending on relative motion, and space and time are merged into spacetime, where we live on a world line rather than a timeline. In this view time is a coordinate. According", "title": "Time in physics" }, { "docid": "20198857", "text": "The Thomas–Fermi (TF) model, named after Llewellyn Thomas and Enrico Fermi, is a quantum mechanical theory for the electronic structure of many-body systems developed semiclassically shortly after the introduction of the Schrödinger equation. It stands separate from wave function theory as being formulated in terms of the electronic density alone and as such is viewed as a precursor to modern density functional theory. The Thomas–Fermi model is correct only in the limit of an infinite nuclear charge. Using the approximation for realistic systems yields poor quantitative predictions, even failing to reproduce some general features of the density such as shell structure in atoms and Friedel oscillations in solids. It has, however, found modern applications in many fields through the ability to extract qualitative trends analytically and with the ease at which the model can be solved. The kinetic energy expression of Thomas–Fermi theory is also used as a component in more sophisticated density approximation to the kinetic energy within modern orbital-free density functional theory. Working independently, Thomas and Fermi used this statistical model in 1927 to approximate the distribution of electrons in an atom. Although electrons are distributed nonuniformly in an atom, an approximation was made that the electrons are distributed uniformly in each small volume element ΔV (i.e. locally) but the electron density can still vary from one small volume element to the next. Kinetic energy For a small volume element ΔV, and for the atom in its ground state, we can fill out a spherical momentum space volume VF up to the Fermi momentum pF , and thus, where is the position vector of a point in ΔV. The corresponding phase space volume is The electrons in ΔVph are distributed uniformly with two electrons per h3 of this phase space volume, where h is Planck's constant. Then the number of electrons in ΔVph is The number of electrons in ΔV is where is the electron number density. Equating the number of electrons in ΔV to that in ΔVph gives, The fraction of electrons at that have momentum between p and p+dp is, Using the classical expression for the kinetic energy of an electron with mass me, the kinetic energy per unit volume at for the electrons of the atom is, where a previous expression relating to has been used and, Integrating the kinetic energy per unit volume over all space, results in the total kinetic energy of the electrons, This result shows that the total kinetic energy of the electrons can be expressed in terms of only the spatially varying electron density according to the Thomas–Fermi model. As such, they were able to calculate the energy of an atom using this expression for the kinetic energy combined with the classical expressions for the nuclear-electron and electron-electron interactions (which can both also be represented in terms of the electron density). Potential energies The potential energy of an atom's electrons, due to the electric attraction of the positively charged nucleus is, where is the potential energy of an electron at", "title": "Thomas–Fermi model" }, { "docid": "33225184", "text": "Resistance theory is an aspect of political thought, discussing the basis on which constituted authority may be resisted, by individuals or groups. In the European context it came to prominence as a consequence of the religious divisions in the early modern period that followed the Protestant Reformation. Resistance theories could justify disobedience on religious grounds to monarchs, and were significant in European national politics and international relations in the century leading up to the Peace of Westphalia of 1648. They can also underpin and justify the concept of revolution as now understood. The resistance theory of the early modern period can be considered to predate the formulations of natural and legal rights of citizens, and to co-exist with considerations of natural law. Any \"right to resist\" is a theory about the limitations on civil obedience. Resistance theory is an aspect of political theory; the right of self-defence is usually taken to be a part of legal theory, and was no novelty in the early modern period. Arguments about the two concepts do overlap, and the distinction is not so clear in debates. The language of magistracy Resistance theory has been formulated as \"resistance to the magistrate\", where magistrate stands for authority in the legal form. In effect \"magistrate\" here may stand for head of state, but the modern concept of state grew up alongside the early modern resistance theories, rather than preceding them. Reference was made, for example by Althusius to classical history: to the ephors of the Spartan Constitution, as \"lesser magistrates\", or to the optimates of the late Roman Republic. Christian resistance theories of the early modern period The various strands did not develop separately, and drew on pre-Reformation thinkers as well as contemporaries. Lutheran resistance theory It is argued that the beginnings of Protestant resistance theory lay in the legal positions worked out after the 1530 Diet of Augsburg, by jurists working for the Electorate of Saxony and the Landgraviate of Hesse. A summary on Lutheran ideas about resistance was included with the 1550 Magdeburg Confession. It argues that the \"subordinate powers\" in a state, faced with the situation where the \"supreme power\" is working to destroy true religion, under very specific circumstances (such as when the Beerwolf clause is fulfilled) may go further than non-cooperation with the supreme power and assist the faithful to resist. Calvinist resistance theory The mainstream ideas from the Magdeburg Confession recur in Calvinist writings, from 1558 onwards. A little before that development come statements of John Ponet, Christopher Goodman and John Knox (The Monstruous Regiment of Women). The annotations of the Geneva Bible pointed to exemplars of resistance theory (and were not unique in that). The literature includes but is not limited to the Huguenot resistance theory of the French Wars of Religion. Theodore Beza produced the 1574 work Right of Magistrates; it was followed by the anonymous Vindiciae contra tyrannos (1579). Resistance theory also became important for the justification of the Dutch Revolt. In the Politica (1603) of Johannes Althusius,", "title": "Resistance theory in the early modern period" }, { "docid": "13079722", "text": "Since the emergence of the Big Bang theory as the dominant physical cosmological paradigm, there have been a variety of reactions by religious groups regarding its implications for religious cosmologies. Some accept the scientific evidence at face value, some seek to harmonize the Big Bang with their religious tenets, and some reject or ignore the evidence for the Big Bang theory. Background The Big Bang itself is a scientific theory, and as such, stands or falls by its agreement with observations. However, as a theory which addresses the nature of the universe since its earliest discernible existence, the Big Bang carries possible theological implications regarding the concept of creation out of nothing. Many atheist philosophers have argued against the idea of the Universe having a beginning – the universe might simply have existed for all eternity, but with the emerging evidence of the Big Bang theory, both theists and physicists have viewed it as capable of being explained by theism; a popular philosophical argument for the existence of God known as the Kalam cosmological argument rests in the concepts of the Big Bang. In the 1920s and 1930s, almost every major cosmologist preferred an eternal steady state universe, and several complained that the beginning of time implied by the Big Bang imported religious concepts into physics; this objection was later repeated by supporters of the steady-state theory, who rejected the implication that the universe had a beginning. Hinduism The view from the Hindu Puranas is that of an eternal universe cosmology in which time has no absolute beginning, but rather is infinite and cyclic, as opposed to a universe which originated from a Big Bang. However, the Encyclopædia of Hinduism, referencing Katha Upanishad 2:20, states that the Big Bang theory reminds humanity that everything came from the Brahman which is \"subtler than the atom, greater than the greatest.\" It consists of several \"Big Bangs\" and \"Big Crunches\" following each other in a cyclical manner. The Nasadiya Sukta, the Hymn of Creation in the Rigveda (10:129), mentions the world beginning from nothing through the power of heat. This can be seen as corresponding to the Big Bang theory. Several prominent modern scientists have remarked that Hinduism (and also Buddhism and Jainism by extension as all three faiths share most of these philosophies) is the only religion (or civilization) in all of recorded history, that has timescales and theories in astronomy (cosmology), that appear to correspond to those of modern scientific cosmology, e.g. Carl Sagan, Niels Bohr, Erwin Schrödinger, Werner Heisenberg, Robert Oppenheimer, George Sudarshan, Fritjof Capra etc. Sir Roger Penrose is among the present-day physicists that believe in a cyclical model for the Universe, wherein there are alternating cycles consisting of Big Bangs and Big Crunches, and he describes this model to be \"a bit more like Hindu philosophy\" as compared to the Abrahamic faiths. Christianity The Big Bang theory was partly developed by a Catholic priest, Georges Lemaître, who believed that there was neither a connection nor a conflict between", "title": "Religious interpretations of the Big Bang theory" }, { "docid": "4089336", "text": "Lev Pavlovich Rapoport (, January 13, 1920 – September 15, 2000) was well known for his pioneering works in nuclear and atomic theoretical physics. Early work His first works in this field concerned the simplest of atoms, atomic hydrogen, and, more specifically, light scattering from, and two-photon ionization of, hydrogen atoms. His analytical calculations of the cross sections for those processes are now considered classic works, and the methods he used to derive the corresponding formulas have formed the basis of many subsequent theoretical works by researchers both in Russia and abroad. Further work Rapoport's scientific achievements spanned a wide range of physics. After becoming a well-known specialist in theoretical nuclear physics during the 1950s, he published works in the then-new fields of superfluidity and superconductivity in the early 1960s. He gave a generalization of the Ginzburg–Landau equations applicable for lower temperatures and proposed a microscopic theory of magnetic flux quantization in superconductors. He also contributed to the development of the theory of finite Fermi systems, which he applied to the nuclear processes of beta decay and electron capture. In this work, the Green's function method formed the basis for numerical calculations. Further modifications of the Green's function method enabled researchers to study multiphoton processes in many-electron atoms and in simple molecules and also made possible numerical calculations of higher-order relativistic effects in atomic spectra. Co-workers Rapoport involved many of his students in scientific research. His high standards for teaching made him a leader in education, not only in physics but in many other programs at Voronezh State University. For example, he was a member of the university's scientific council, on which he actively influenced both the curricula and the scientific research of the university's mathematics and science departments. During the last quarter century of his life, he was the leading professor at Voronezh State University. In all, he trained 25 PhD students, 8 of whom subsequently obtained the DSc degree in physics and became professors who are now working in Russia and abroad. One may say that Rapoport guided the development of both the curricula and the faculty of the department of theoretical physics at Voronezh State University. Recognition The high quality of his research brought Rapoport increasing recognition. For his pioneering contributions to the theory of multiphoton processes in atoms, he was awarded the DSc degree in 1970 by St. Petersburg State University. In 1980, he was given the title Distinguished Scientist of the Russian Federation, which is an honor granted annually by the Russian government to only about 100 scientists in all scientific fields. Additionally, he was among the first recipients of grants for fundamental research from both Russian and international scientific foundations, including the Russian Foundation for Basic Research and the International Science Foundation. Rapoport also served on the Russian Academy of Science's Scientific Council for Atomic Spectroscopy and Scientific Council for Coherent and Nonlinear Optics. External links Lev Pavlovich Rapoport 1920 births 2000 deaths Rapoport, Lev Rapoport, Lev Academic staff of Voronezh State University", "title": "Lev Pavlovich Rapoport" }, { "docid": "17981", "text": "In chemistry, the law of definite proportions, sometimes called Proust's law or the law of constant composition, states that a given chemical compound always contains its component elements in fixed ratio (by mass) and does not depend on its source and method of preparation. For example, oxygen makes up about 8/9 of the mass of any sample of pure water, while hydrogen makes up the remaining 1/9 of the mass: the mass of two elements in a compound are always in the same ratio. Along with the law of multiple proportions, the law of definite proportions forms the basis of stoichiometry. History The law of definite proportion was given by Joseph Proust in the Spanish city of Segovia in 1797. This observation was first made by the English theologian and chemist Joseph Priestley, and Antoine Lavoisier, a French nobleman and chemist centered on the process of combustion. This is how Proust phrased the law in 1794. The law of definite proportions might seem obvious to the modern chemist, inherent in the very definition of a chemical compound. At the end of the 18th century, however, when the concept of a chemical compound had not yet been fully developed, the law was novel. In fact, when first proposed, it was a controversial statement and was opposed by other chemists, most notably Proust's fellow Frenchman Claude Louis Berthollet, who argued that the elements could combine in any proportion. The existence of this debate demonstrates that, at the time, the distinction between pure chemical compounds and mixtures had not yet been fully developed. The law of definite proportions contributed to, and was placed on a firm theoretical basis by, the atomic theory that John Dalton promoted beginning in 1803, which explained matter as consisting of discrete atoms, that there was one type of atom for each element, and that the compounds were made of combinations of different types of atoms in fixed proportions. A related early idea was Prout's hypothesis, formulated by English chemist William Prout, who proposed that the hydrogen atom was the fundamental atomic unit. From this hypothesis was derived the whole number rule, which was the rule of thumb that atomic masses were whole number multiples of the mass of hydrogen. This was later rejected in the 1820s and 30s following more refined measurements of atomic mass, notably by Jöns Jacob Berzelius, which revealed in particular that the atomic mass of chlorine was 35.45, which was incompatible with the hypothesis. Since the 1920s this discrepancy has been explained by the presence of isotopes; the atomic mass of any isotope is very close to satisfying the whole number rule, with the mass defect caused by differing binding energies being significantly smaller. Non-stoichiometric compounds and isotopes Although very useful in the foundation of modern chemistry, the law of definite proportions is not universally true. There exist non-stoichiometric compounds whose elemental composition can vary from sample to sample. Such compounds follow the law of multiple proportion. An example is the iron oxide wüstite,", "title": "Law of definite proportions" }, { "docid": "589303", "text": "In chemistry, molecular orbital theory (MO theory or MOT) is a method for describing the electronic structure of molecules using quantum mechanics. It was proposed early in the 20th century. In molecular orbital theory, electrons in a molecule are not assigned to individual chemical bonds between atoms, but are treated as moving under the influence of the atomic nuclei in the whole molecule. Quantum mechanics describes the spatial and energetic properties of electrons as molecular orbitals that surround two or more atoms in a molecule and contain valence electrons between atoms. Molecular orbital theory revolutionized the study of chemical bonding by approximating the states of bonded electrons—the molecular orbitals—as linear combinations of atomic orbitals (LCAO). These approximations are made by applying the density functional theory (DFT) or Hartree–Fock (HF) models to the Schrödinger equation. Molecular orbital theory and valence bond theory are the foundational theories of quantum chemistry. Linear combination of atomic orbitals (LCAO) method In the LCAO method, each molecule has a set of molecular orbitals. It is assumed that the molecular orbital wave function ψj can be written as a simple weighted sum of the n constituent atomic orbitals χi, according to the following equation: One may determine cij coefficients numerically by substituting this equation into the Schrödinger equation and applying the variational principle. The variational principle is a mathematical technique used in quantum mechanics to build up the coefficients of each atomic orbital basis. A larger coefficient means that the orbital basis is composed more of that particular contributing atomic orbital—hence, the molecular orbital is best characterized by that type. This method of quantifying orbital contribution as a linear combination of atomic orbitals is used in computational chemistry. An additional unitary transformation can be applied on the system to accelerate the convergence in some computational schemes. Molecular orbital theory was seen as a competitor to valence bond theory in the 1930s, before it was realized that the two methods are closely related and that when extended they become equivalent. Molecular orbital theory is used to interpret ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy (UV-VIS). Changes to the electronic structure of molecules can be seen by the absorbance of light at specific wavelengths. Assignments can be made to these signals indicated by the transition of electrons moving from one orbital at a lower energy to a higher energy orbital. The molecular orbital diagram for the final state describes the electronic nature of the molecule in an excited state. There are three main requirements for atomic orbital combinations to be suitable as approximate molecular orbitals. The atomic orbital combination must have the correct symmetry, which means that it must belong to the correct irreducible representation of the molecular symmetry group. Using symmetry adapted linear combinations, or SALCs, molecular orbitals of the correct symmetry can be formed. Atomic orbitals must also overlap within space. They cannot combine to form molecular orbitals if they are too far away from one another. Atomic orbitals must be at similar energy levels to combine as molecular orbitals. Because if", "title": "Molecular orbital theory" }, { "docid": "2175843", "text": "Alexander William Williamson FRS FRSE PCS MRIA (1 May 18246 May 1904) was an English chemist. He is best known today for the Williamson ether synthesis. Life Williamson was born in 1824 in Wandsworth, London, the second of three children of Alexander Williamson (originally from Elgin) a clerk with the East India Company and his wife, Antonia McAndrew, daughter of a prominent London merchant. Despite early physical infirmity, the loss of sight in one eye and a largely useless left arm, Williamson grew up in a caring and stimulating intellectual environment. After an early childhood spent in Brighton and then schools in Kensington, Williams enrolled at the University of Heidelberg in 1841. After working under Leopold Gmelin at Heidelberg, he transferred to the University of Giessen to work with Justus von Liebig, where he received his PhD in 1845. Williamson then spent three years in Paris studying higher mathematics under Auguste Comte. In 1849, with the support of Thomas Graham, Williamson was appointed professor of analytical and practical chemistry at University College, London. From Graham's resignation in 1855 until Williamson's retirement in 1887, Williamson also held the chair of general (theoretical) chemistry. As a result of this increase in income, he was able to marry Emma Catherine Key, the third daughter of Thomas Hewitt Key, in 1855. They had two children: Oliver Key (d. 1941) and Alice Maude. Alice Maud Williamson married the physicist Alfred Henry Fison (1857–1923). Williamson died on 6 May 1904, at High Pitfold, Shottermill near Haslemere in Surrey, England, and was buried at Brookwood Cemetery in Surrey. Research on ethers Williamson is credited for his research on the formation of unsymmetrical ethers by the interaction of an alkoxide with a haloalkane, known as the Williamson ether synthesis. He regarded ethers and alcohols as substances analogous to and built up on the same type as water, and he further introduced the water-type as a widely applicable basis for the classification of chemical compounds. The method of stating the rational constitution of bodies by comparison with water he believed capable of wide extension, and that one type, he thought, would suffice for all inorganic compounds, as well as for the best-known organic ones, the formula of water being taken in certain cases as doubled or tripled. So far back as 1850 he also suggested a view which, in a modified form, is of fundamental importance in the modern theory of ionic dissociation, for, in a paper on the theory of the formation of ether, he urged that in an aggregate of molecules of any compound there is an exchange constantly going on between the elements which are contained in it; for instance, in hydrochloric acid each atom of hydrogen does not remain quietly in juxtaposition with the atom of chlorine with which it first united, but changes places with other atoms of hydrogen. A somewhat similar hypothesis was put forward by Rudolf Clausius about the same time. Williamson and the Chōshū Five In 1863 five students from the", "title": "Alexander William Williamson" }, { "docid": "210879", "text": "Consilience: The Unity of Knowledge is a 1998 book by the biologist E. O. Wilson, in which the author discusses methods that have been used to unite the sciences and might in the future unite them with the humanities. Wilson uses the term consilience to describe the synthesis of knowledge from different specialized fields of human endeavor. Definition of consilience This book defines consilience as \"Literally a 'jumping together' of knowledge by the linking of facts and fact-based theory across disciplines to create a common groundwork of explanation.\" The word is borrowed from Whewell's phrase the consilience of inductions in his book Philosophy of the Inductive Sciences. Whewell posited that this consilience of inductions occurs when an induction obtained from one class of facts coincides with an induction obtained from a different class. In this way a consilience is a test of the truth of a theory. Examples of consilience discussed by Wilson Chapter 1 The Ionian enchantment The New Synthesis of Darwin's theory of evolution with genetics is an example of unification. The conviction that the world has a unified order and can be explained by natural laws, was dubbed by Gerald Holton the \"Ionian Enchantment\". Thales of Miletus proposed that water is the unifying basis for all material things. This theory that water is fundamental is often cited as the first materialistic theory of a unified view of nature. Unification of forces in the Grand Unified Theory of modern physics. Albert Einstein's work provides several examples of unification within the field of physics, for example, unification of Brownian motion with atomic theory. Science and religion have a unity of purpose: both want to explain the universe and understand our role in the universe. Chapter 2 The great branches of learning Environmental protection requires the combining of knowledge from government regulators such as the United States Environmental Protection Agency, ethics, social science, biology, and physical sciences like chemistry. There is a unity of purpose for philosophy and science. Philosophers and scientists can work together at the borders between biology, social science and the humanities. Liberal arts education can be revitalized by the recognition of the unity of knowledge in higher education. Government policy requires unified knowledge from across specialized disciplines in the natural sciences, social sciences and humanities. Chapter 3 The Enlightenment The Enlightenment is discussed in the context of scientific knowledge applied to human rights and social progress. Marquis de Condorcet's systematic application of mathematics in the social sciences. Francis Bacon was an early advocate of data collection and its analysis as the basis of sound knowledge (Baconian method) in fields that include social science and the humanities. René Descartes believed that the universe is rational and united and that interconnected truths run from physics to biology to moral reasoning. Descartes unified geometry and algebra (see: Cartesian coordinate system). Isaac Newton unified the Galilei's laws of falling bodies with the laws of Copernicus' planetary motion (see: law of universal gravitation). Social science was pioneered by Adolphe Quetelet and", "title": "Consilience (book)" } ]

[ "Hantaro Nagaoka" ]

[ { "docid": "16980124", "text": "Colin Meloy Sings Sam Cooke is a tour-only EP by Colin Meloy, lead singer of The Decemberists. It is the third in a series of EPs of covers of influential artists, which include works of Morrissey (Colin Meloy Sings Morrissey) and Shirley Collins (Colin Meloy Sings Shirley Collins). The EP was released to accompany his 2008 solo tour, and has five covers of songs previously performed by the American gospel, R&B, soul and pop singer Sam Cooke. Four songs were written or co-written by Cooke; one, \"Summertime\", is a pop standard that Cooke had performed in 1957. The artwork of the EP was designed by Carson Ellis, who has done much of the artwork for The Decemberists, and all of Colin Meloy's solo work. The EP includes vocals by Laura Gibson. Track listing \"Cupid\" \"Summertime\" \"That's Where It's At\" \"Good Times\" \"Bring It On Home To Me\" References Colin Meloy albums 2008 EPs", "title": "Colin Meloy Sings Sam Cooke" }, { "docid": "11162734", "text": "\"Remember\" is a song by English rock musician John Lennon from his 1970 album John Lennon/Plastic Ono Band. Background and composition Lennon played the piano riff that he would later develop for \"Remember\" at the end of the Beatles' July 1969 recording of George Harrison's song \"Something\". An unplanned improvisation, it led to an extended coda that was soon cut from the Beatles track. When writing \"Remember\" in 1970, Lennon was influenced by his primal therapy sessions with Arthur Janov, and the lyrics reflect things typically remembered in therapy. The memories described are unpleasant ones, of conflict with family, authority and peers. The lyrics say \"the hero was never hung, always got away\", and describe parents \"wishin' for movie stardom, always playin' a part\". At one point, the beat slows down and Lennon sings to himself that when things get crazy in the future, he should try to remember his current moment of respite. Rogan thinks that the moment of respite Lennon wants to remind himself to remember in crazy times is in his childhood, rather than the present day. Mellers explains that the song's construction creates for the listener by using a vocal melody that has no line but is rather made up of pentatonic fragments, and by using odd tonality which moves between unrelated chords. At the end of the song, Lennon sings the lines \"Remember, remember / The Fifth of November\", followed by the sound of an explosion. The words are from the English nursery rhyme \"Remember, Remember, the Fifth of November\", and refer to Guy Fawkes Night, a British public holiday that is celebrated with fireworks and bonfires. Lennon told Jann Wenner of Rolling Stone that it was part of a lengthy ad-lib, and said he later decided that this line ought to be the culmination of the song. Whereas Guy Fawkes had failed in his plot to launch a Catholic uprising against James I in November 1605, Lennon believed it was an effective joke to suggest \"we should blow up the Houses of Parliament\". One line from the song \"If you ever change your mind about leaving it all behind\" was borrowed from the opening line of Sam Cooke's \"Bring It On Home to Me\", which Lennon later covered on Rock 'n' Roll. However, whereas Cooke was inviting a lover to come home to him, Lennon uses the line to suggest that \"leaving it all behind\" is impossible, and one should always be aware of one's past. Lennon goes on to sing that one should not feel sorry about or worry about the past. Recording Lennon recorded \"Remember\" at EMI Studios on 9 October 1970, his 30th birthday. Earlier that day was the occasion of Lennon's last ever meeting with his father, Alf Lennon, who visited Lennon at his Tittenhurst Park home. The meeting was unsuccessful, as Lennon went into a primal therapy-inspired tirade against his father. Alf Lennon later recalled the meeting in a handwritten four-page statement, saying: In contrast to the raw emotion", "title": "Remember (John Lennon song)" }, { "docid": "5013045", "text": "\"Bring It On Home to Me\" is a song by American soul singer Sam Cooke, released on May 8, 1962, by RCA Victor. Produced by Hugo & Luigi, and arranged and conducted by René Hall, the song was the B-side to \"Having a Party\". The song peaked at number two on Billboard Hot R&B Sides chart, and also charted at number 13 on the Billboard Hot 100. The song has become a pop standard, covered by numerous artists of different genres. It is one of The Rock and Roll Hall of Fame's 500 Songs that Shaped Rock and Roll. Background \"Bring It On Home to Me\", like its A-side, \"Having a Party\", was written while Cooke was on tour for Henry Wynn. The song was initially offered to fellow singer Dee Clark, who turned it down. While in Atlanta, Cooke called co-producer Luigi Creatore and pitched both numbers; Creatore liked the songs, and booked a recording session in Los Angeles, scheduled for two weeks later. The session's mood \"matched the title\" of the song, according to biographer Peter Guralnick, as many friends had been invited. \"It was a very happy session,\" recalled engineer Al Schmitt. \"Everybody was just having a ball. We were getting people out there [on the floor], and some of the outtakes were hilarious, there was so much ad lib that went on.\" René Hall assembled an eighteen-piece backing group, \"composed of six violins, two violas, two cellos, and a sax, plus a seven-piece rhythm section that included two percussionists, two bassists, two guitars, and a piano.\" The song is a significant reworking of the 1959 single \"I Want to Go Home\" by Charles Brown and Amos Milburn, and it retains the gospel flavor and call-and-response format; the song differs significantly in that its refrain (\"Bring it to me, bring your sweet lovin', bring it on home to me\") is overtly secular. The song was the first serious nod to his gospel roots (\"[He] felt that he needed more weight, that that light shit wouldn't sustain him,\" said J.W. Alexander). The song was aiming for a sound similar to Cooke's former group, the Soul Stirrers. The original, unreleased first take includes vocals from Lou Rawls, J.W. Alexander, Fred Smith (former assistant A&R rep at Keen Records), and \"probably\" the Sims Twins. A second, final take leaves Lou Rawls as the only echoing voice. Personnel \"Bring It On Home to Me\" was recorded on April 26, 1962, at RCA Studio 1 in the Hollywood area of Los Angeles, California. The engineer present was Al Schmitt, and the session was conducted and arranged by René Hall. The musicians also recorded \"Having a Party\" the same day. Credits adapted from the liner notes to the 2003 compilation Portrait of a Legend: 1951–1964. Sam Cooke – vocals Lou Rawls – backing vocals Clifton White – guitar Tommy Tedesco – guitar René Hall – guitar Adolphus Asbrook – bass guitar Ray Pohlman – bass guitar Ernie Freeman – piano Frank Capp –", "title": "Bring It On Home to Me" } ]

[ { "docid": "48583971", "text": "\"Hymn for the Weekend\" is a single by the British rock band Coldplay from their seventh studio album A Head Full of Dreams (2015), featuring uncredited vocals from American singer Beyoncé. It was written by the band's members (Guy Berryman, Jonny Buckland, Will Champion, and Chris Martin), while the production was handled by Rik Simpson, Avicii, Digital Divide, and Stargate. An indie R&B track, the single's music video showcases the culture of India. \"Hymn for the Weekend\" reached number six on the UK Singles Chart and also reached the top twenty in countries such as Switzerland, Ireland, France, Sweden, Austria, Belgium, Italy and Spain. In the US, with the Seeb remix, the song reached number 25 on the US Billboard Hot 100. A music video for the song was released on 29 January 2016 and features Coldplay in various cities in India, with Beyoncé performing in some scenes. It also featured Indian Bollywood actress Sonam Kapoor in a brief role. Background The song was debuted on Annie Mac's BBC radio show on 30 November 2015. According to Berryman, lead singer Chris Martin originally wanted the song to be a party song with the lyrics \"drinks on me, drinks on me\", but his bandmates didn't think that would go well with their fans. Martin's longtime friend Beyoncé was asked to sing on the song, and she accepted the request. Martin corroborated Berryman's story about the band protesting him singing, \"Drinks on me, drinks on me\" in an interview with The Wall Street Journal. According to Martin, the original kernel was that he \"was listening to Flo Rida or something\", and he thought, \"it's such a shame that Coldplay could never have one of those late-night club songs, like \"Turn Down for What\". I thought I'd like to have a song called 'Drinks on Me' where you sit on the side of a club and buy everyone drinks because you're so fucking cool,\" Martin recalled. \"I was chuckling about that, when this melody came, 'drinks on me, drinks on me', then the rest of the song came out. I presented it to the rest of the band and they said, 'We love this song, but there's no way you can sing \"drinks on me.\"' So that changed into 'drink from me' and the idea of having an angelic person in your life. Then that turned into asking Beyoncé to sing on it.\" Composition \"Hymn for the Weekend\" is written in the key of C minor set in a time signature at a moderate tempo of 90 beats per minute. Critical reception \"Hymn for the Weekend\" received generally positive reviews from critics. Jody Rosen of Billboard called it \"the album's grooviest\". Helen Brown of The Daily Telegraph wrote: \"Beyoncé makes more of her appearance on 'Hymn for the Weekend', bringing her chunky harmonies and no-nonsense brass section to a peppy little excursion into indie R&B which opens with a paradisiacal fanfare and finds Martin dropping out of his falsetto autopilot into a more", "title": "Hymn for the Weekend" }, { "docid": "47502869", "text": "\"Don't Bring Me Down\" is a 2003 song by Australian singer Sia. It was released in Australia in November 2003 (and in the United Kingdom on 9 February 2004) as the first single from her third studio album Colour the Small One (2004). The track was written by Sia and Blair MacKichan who had recently worked with Will Young's on his Brit Award winning song, \"Your Game\". The track received little promotion and did not chart. In the video The making of Colour the Small One, Sia explains: \"I hadn't done drugs for a period of time before writing that song. It was about having a really horrible comedown off ecstasy, and the concept of being abandoned before you get to sleep - being the last one high when everyone else has gone to bed.\" The track is included on the soundtrack for the film 36th Precinct and a number of compilations including, \"Songbirds\", Chillout Sessions, Vol. 6 as well as Sia's 2007 live album, Lady Croissant. Music video The music video for the song featured a live recording of the song released on the live album Lady Croissant in 2007. It featured Sia singing the song in front of a green screen, interjected with scenes of a young girl named Ella playing with balloons, swimming, and eating ice-cream. Reviews Katherine Tomlinson of All Gigs UK said; \"'Don't Bring Me Down' features breathy vocals, mirroring the latest style brought to fame by Katie Melua and Norah Jones, complete with haunting strings, and dreamy vocals.\" Tareck Ghoneim of Contact Music said this EP demonstrates Sia's uniqueness. He said, \"Her voice is expressed subtly with conviction and shows depth when needed. It’s the enchanting essence of Sia that makes her so appealing to listen to.\" Carmine Pascuzzi in a review of the album said of the song, \"The acoustic guitar sits beautifully over the heartfelt strings\". However, in a review of the album, Pitchfork Media's Chris Ott said the first single \"Don't Bring Me Down\" was the wrong choice, describing it as \"a dolled-up, half-asleep stab at commercial trip-hop starving for a good hook\". Track listing 1 Track Single Don't Bring Me Down - 4:27 EP Don't Bring Me Down - 4:27 Broken Biscuit - 4:56 Lucky - 3:16 So Bored - 3:09 Note: Track 2 is available on the US re-issue of Colour The Small One. Tracks 3 and 4 on the EP are on the digital deluxe version of Colour the Small One. References 2000s ballads 2003 singles 2003 songs Astralwerks singles Go! Beat singles Pop ballads Sia (musician) songs Songs written by Blair MacKichan Songs written by Sia (musician)", "title": "Don't Bring Me Down (Sia song)" }, { "docid": "62466963", "text": "Barbara Ray is a South African singer originally from Scotland. Ray began singing with the Scottish Group the Sundowners. Moving to South Africa she had chart success with singles such as \"I Don't Wanna Play House\" (top 10 in South Africa and Australia), \"Like I Do\" and \"Funny Face\". She was awarded multiple Gold disks such as for \"Silver Threads and Golden Needles\", Down The Mississippi, In 1976 together with Bobby Angel she won a SARIE for vocal group and in 1979 together with Lance James she won the same award. Discography Singles \"Like I Do\" Barbara Ray And The 5th Association (1971) \"Where the Gypsies Play\" Barbara Ray And The 5th Association (1971) \"Happy Birthday Baby\" with The Lindsay Heard Assembly (1971) \"Silver Threads and Golden Needles\" (1972) \"Valley of the Moon\" with The Lindsay Heard Assembly(1972) \"Divorce\" (1972) \"I Don't Wanna Play House\" (1973) \"Single Girl\" (1973) \"Funny Face\" (1974) \"Joey\" (1974) \"Let Me Be There\" (1974) \"The Greatest Christmas Gift\" with Bobby Angel (1975) \"The Last One To Touch Me\" (1975) \"Republic Of South Africa\" (1975) \"Sad Movies\" (1975) \"After The Fire Is Gone\" with Lance James (1977) \"Bring Him Safely Home To Me\" (1977) \"Womanhood\" (1979) \"Down The Mississippi\" (1980) \"Tears On My Pillow\" (1981) \"Sayonara\" (1982) \"Voices\" with Bobby Angel (1983) 'Wasn't That Love\" with Bobby Angel (1983) \"Walking Talking Dolly\" (1984) Albums Like I Do (1971) The Greatest Hits Featuring Valley Of The Moon with The Lindsay Heard Assembly (1972) The Barbara Ray Album (1972) Golden Hits Of Barbara Ray (1972) Double Gold (1972) Serenade of the Bells (1973) Dance On (1973) Single Girl (1973) I Don't Wanna Play House (1973) The Magic of Barbara Ray (1974) In the Valley of the Moon (1974) A Little Bit Country (1974) Barbara (1975) Bittersweet (1976) Republic of South Africa (1976) Who's Gonna Tie My Shoes (1976) 24 Golden Hits (1977) Bedtime Story (1977) I Need You (1978) Barbara and Lance with Lance James (1978) Walk Right Back with Lance James (1978) Welcome To My World with Lance James (1979) The Barbara Ray Collection (1979) Womanhood (1979) Barbara Ray Sings Her 20 Greatest Hits (1980) Down The Mississippi (1980) The Country Music Of Barbara Ray (1980) What's Wrong With The Way That We're Doing It Now (1981) Sayonara (1982) Our Own (1983) Like I Do (1983) The First Ten Years (1984) Sings Country Classics (1985) Made For Each Other (1985) 16 Greatest Love Songs (1985) The Very Best Of Barbara Ray (1988) Love Me Or Leave Me (1988) References Living people 20th-century South African women singers Year of birth missing (living people)", "title": "Barbara Ray" }, { "docid": "4228780", "text": "\"Maggie's Farm\" is a song written by Bob Dylan, recorded on January 15, 1965, and released on the album Bringing It All Back Home on March 22 of that year. Like many other Dylan songs of the 1965–66 period, \"Maggie's Farm\" is based on electric blues. It was released as a single in the United Kingdom on June 4, 1965, and peaked at No.22 on the chart. Dylan only needed one take to record the song, as may be heard on the exhaustive 18-disc Collector's Edition of The Bootleg Series Vol. 12: The Cutting Edge 1965–1966, which includes every alternate take recorded during Dylan's 1965–1966 sessions but only the one version of \"Maggie's Farm\". Lyrics The lyrics of the song follow a straightforward blues structure, with the opening line of each verse (\"I ain't gonna work...\") sung twice, then repeated at the end of the verse. The third to fifth lines of each verse elaborate on and explain the sentiment expressed in the verse's opening/closing lines. Critical response \"Maggie's Farm\" is described by Salon.com critic Bill Wyman as \"a loping, laconic look at the service industry.\" Music critic Tim Riley described it as the \"counterculture's war cry,\" but he also notes that the song has been interpreted as \"a rock star's gripe to his record company, a songwriter's gripe to his publisher, and a singer-as-commodity's gripe to his audience-as-market.\" However, AllMusic's William Ruhlmann also notes that \"in between the absurdities, the songwriter describes what sound like real problems. 'I got a head full of ideas/That are drivin' me insane,' he sings in the first verse, and given Dylan's prolific writing at the time, that's not hard to believe. In the last verse, he sings, 'I try my best/To be just like I am/But everybody wants you/To be just like them,' another comment that sounds sincere.\" Newport Folk Festival 1965 \"Maggie's Farm\" is well known for being at the center of the fervor that surrounded Dylan after his electric set at the 1965 Newport Folk Festival; it was that set's performance of \"Maggie's Farm,\" much faster and more aggressive than on the Bringing It All Back Home recording and featuring prominent lead electric guitar by Mike Bloomfield, that caused the most controversy. The festival's production manager Joe Boyd claimed that \"that first note of 'Maggie's Farm' was the loudest thing anybody had ever heard.\" It is still unknown what exactly was the biggest source of the controversy, with accounts of the event differing from individual to individual. Though Dylan's move from acoustic folk to electric rock had been extremely controversial, many accounts suggest the problem was largely due to poor sound. Pete Seeger, who is often cited as one of the main opponents to Dylan at Newport 1965, claimed in 2005: Singer Eric Von Schmidt has a similar recollection of the event: \"Whoever was controlling the mics messed it up. You couldn't hear Dylan. It looked like he was singing with the volume off.\" Also, Al Kooper, Dylan's organist at the", "title": "Maggie's Farm" }, { "docid": "12640043", "text": "Amy Elizabeth Pearson (born 19 July 1985) is an English singer-songwriter. Her debut album, \"Who I Am\", was released April 2008. Early life Pearson was born on 19 July 1985 in Birmingham, England. Whilst signed to a production company called P.O.E.T Productions run by ex-Take That session musician and songwriters Neil Oldfield and Neil Evington, Pearson was introduced to and began working closely with SonyBMG Australia's future A&R director, former Australian Idol judge Jay Dee Springbett. As a result, Pearson moved to Australia and signed to SonyBMG in 2004 at 18 years of age. Pearson commenced work on her debut album, which was recorded across 2006 and 2007. Music career 2006–2010: Sony BMG In 2006, Pearson recorded a song with the first Australian Idol winner, Guy Sebastian titled \"We Both Know\", which was featured on Home: Songs of Hope & Journey to raise funds and bring attention to beyondblue. That same year, a song written by Pearson called \"Some Kind of Beautiful\" was recorded by Canadian Idol fourth-season winner Eva Avila and was a track on Avila's debut album Somewhere Else. Pearson also recorded a cover of Joy to the World for the compilation The Spirit of Christmas 2007. In late 2006, Pearson began working on her debut album Who I Am, originally set for release in late 2007, but was pushed back to early 2008. Three singles were released from the album; \"Don't Miss You\" and \"Not Me\" in 2007, and \"Ready to Fly\" in 2008. \"Don't Miss You\" was a top 20 hit and certified Gold. Pearson attended the world premiere for Lord Richard Attenborough's film Closing the Ring, for which she sings the main single \"Lost Without Your Love\", which she stated will be released in 2008. Pearson is also featured on Seany B's single \"B Good 2 Me\". In early 2008, Pearson starred in television commercials on Australian network 7 singing \"Ready to Fly\". The advertisement digitally places her atop the Great Wall of China, endorsing the commencement of the 2008 Olympic Games. An alternate version of Ready to Fly, a duet with Indonesian singer Rio Febrian, is available with a music video on YouTube. The album, Who I Am, was released in Japan in late 2008, with Pearson travelling there to promote it. According to her Twitter account in 2008, she had been in LA working with producers The Heavyweights and Rodney Jerkins, who had recently worked with Lady Gaga, Beyoncé and on Anastacia's fourth studio album Heavy Rotation, and Sheppard Solomon, who has worked with Natalie Imbruglia and Kelly Clarkson, among others. Confirmed tracks included \"Doctor Love\" and \"Aftershock\", co-written with production team Dreamlab consisting of singer-songwriter Leah Haywood and her husband Daniel James. Also, along with Klaus Derendorf and Tom Nichols, Pearson also shares a writing credit in British singer and actress Dani Harmer's debut single \"Free\", which was released in the UK on 25 May 2009, taken from Harmer's upcoming album. The song was originally recorded by Pearson herself and was made", "title": "Amy Pearson" }, { "docid": "1108266", "text": "Blake Tollison Shelton (born June 18, 1976) is an American country music singer and television personality. In 2001, he made his debut with the single \"Austin\" from his first album, Blake Shelton. \"Austin\" spent five weeks at number one on the Billboard Hot Country Songs chart. The now Platinum-certified debut album also produced two more top 20 entries (\"All Over Me\" and \"Ol' Red\"). His second and third albums, 2003's The Dreamer and 2004's Blake Shelton's Barn & Grill, are gold and platinum, respectively. His fourth album, Pure BS (2007), was re-issued in 2008 with a cover of Michael Bublé's pop hit \"Home\" as one of the bonus tracks. His fifth album, Startin' Fires was released in November 2008. It was followed by the extended plays Hillbilly Bone and All About Tonight in 2010, and the albums Red River Blue in 2011, Based on a True Story... in 2013, Bringing Back the Sunshine in 2014, If I'm Honest in 2016, Texoma Shore in 2017, and Fully Loaded: God's Country in 2019. , Shelton has charted 40 singles, including 28 number ones, 17 of which were consecutive. The 11th No. 1 (\"Doin' What She Likes\") broke \"the record for the most consecutive No. 1 singles in the Country Airplay chart's 24-year history\". Throughout his career, he has received nine Grammy Award nominations, including two for Best Country Album. Shelton has been a judge on the televised singing competitions Nashville Star, Clash of the Choirs, and a coach on NBC's The Voice. He was on The Voice from 2011 to 2023, and, in nine of twenty-three seasons (2–4, 7, 11, 13, 18, 20, 22), a member of his team won. Early life Blake Tollison Shelton was born in Ada, Oklahoma, to Dorothy Ann (née Bristol) (b. 1936), a beauty salon owner, and Richard Lee \"Dick\" Shelton (1940–2012), a car salesman. Shelton began singing at an early age and by the age of 12, he was taught how to play the guitar by his uncle. By age 15, he had written his first song. By age 16, he had received a Denbo Diamond Award in his home state. On November 13, 1990, his older brother, Richie Shelton was killed in an automobile accident at 24. After graduating from high school at 17, he moved to Nashville, Tennessee, to pursue a singing career. There he got a job at a music publishing company and, in 1997, he was aided by Bobby Braddock to obtain a production contract with Sony Music. Music career 2001–2006: Beginnings Some years later in Nashville, he signed to Giant Records. In 2001, he was slated to release a song entitled \"I Wanna Talk About Me\" as a single. However, staff at the label considered the song unsuitable for a lead-off single, and the song was eventually recorded by Toby Keith, whose version was a number 1 single. Instead, Giant released \"Austin\" as Shelton's debut single. Shortly after that song was released, Giant Records was closed, and Shelton was transferred to", "title": "Blake Shelton" }, { "docid": "20200380", "text": "Sing Me Back Home is the fifth studio album by American country singer and songwriter Merle Haggard and The Strangers, released in 1968 on Capitol Records. Background The album's title track was inspired by an inmate Haggard knew while he was serving time in San Quentin named Jimmy \"Rabbit\" Kendrick. As recounted in his 1981 autobiography Merle Haggard: Sing Me Back Home, Rabbit devised a brilliant escape and invited Haggard to join him, but they both agreed it would be best that he stay put. Rabbit was captured two weeks later and eventually executed for the murder of a state trooper. Haggard, the \"guitar playing friend\", wrote the song as a tribute. Writing in the liner notes for the 1994 retrospective Down Every Road, Daniel Cooper calls it, \"a ballad that works on so many different levels of the soul it defies one's every attempt to analyze it.\" In a 1977 interview in Billboard with Bob Eubanks, Haggard reflected, \"Even though the crime was brutal and the guy was an incorrigible criminal, it's a feeling you never forget when you see someone you know make that last walk. They bring him through the yard, and there's a guard in front and a guard behind - that's how you know a death prisoner. They brought Rabbit out...taking him to see the Father,...prior to his execution. That was a strong picture that was left in my mind.\" The track topped the country singles chart a few weeks into 1968 (his second number one in a row) and he performed it as a duet with Johnny Cash on the latter's network television show in 1969. In his 1999 autobiography House of Memories, Haggard states that the song had been published by Blue Book Music, a company owned by Buck Owens, and when Haggard asked Owens for a sum of money to pay back debts incurred in Las Vegas, Owens agreed only if he received half of “Sing Me Back Home,” to which Haggard agreed. Haggard, who later felt he had been taken, sued to get his ownership of the song back. Although Haggard wrote or co-wrote most of the tracks on Sing Me Back Home, the song credits also list several important figures from his musical past, such as Lefty Frizzell, who wrote \"Mom and Dad's Waltz\" and was arguably Merle's biggest musical inspiration. In addition, a young Haggard had played behind both Buck Owens and Wynn Stewart during his time on the Bakersfield club scene, and the album features compositions by both. In fact, Haggard wrote \"Home Is Where a Kid Grows Up\" with Stewart and another one of his idols, Bob Wills (Haggard would cut a tribute album in honor of Wills in 1970). While many country LPs during this period were often haphazardly assembled collections of studio cuts and cover songs to support a hit single or two, the quality of Haggard's albums during this period were remarkably high. In his 2013 biography Merle Haggard: The Running Kind, David Cantwell", "title": "Sing Me Back Home" }, { "docid": "36512195", "text": "Wayne Newton Live in Concert was a Pay-Per-View concert special starring Wayne Newton that aired live from the Las Vegas Hilton (now the Westgate Las Vegas) on May 23, 1989. The concert was one of only a handful of times that Newton has starred in a concert special featuring his entire Las Vegas show, and was also a way of promoting his then-new album \"Coming Home.\" The show was directed by Steve Binder, the same man who directed Elvis Presley's '68 Comeback Special. Select pieces of the show were put together in a video cassette titled \"Wayne Newton: Live In Concert at the Las Vegas Hilton\" & was released in 1998. Setlist (Introduction) Also Sprach Zarathustra That's All Right See See Rider Promised Land Gone at Last Just a Gigolo Some of These Days You Don't Have to Say You Love Me September Morn Great Balls of Fire (Fragment of Intro, Wayne on Piano) Splish Splash (Wayne on Piano) Heartbreak Hotel (Fragment, Wayne on Electric Guitar) Jambalaya (Wayne on Electric Guitar) Good Hearted Woman (Wayne on Electric Guitar) Foggy Mountain Breakdown / Rocky Top (Medley) Blue Suede Shoes (Wayne on Acoustic Guitar) Baby What You Want Me to Do (Wayne on Acoustic Guitar) Spanish Eyes (Instrumental, Wayne on Acoustic Guitar) Our Wedding Band (Wayne on Acoustic Guitar) While The Feeling's Good (Duet with Jenevi Fitzgerald-Bakch, Wayne on Acoustic Guitar) If You Love Me, Let Me Know (Wayne on Acoustic Guitar) Take Me Home, Country Roads (First Line) The Old Songs Personality Bring it on Home to Me You Send Me Daddy's Home Lost in the Fifties Tonight / Unchained Melody (Medley) Are You Lonesome Tonight? Can't Help Falling in Love ENCORE Orange Blossom Special (Wayne on Fiddle) When the Saints Go Marching In (Wayne on Trumpet and Banjo) MacArthur Park Reception Drive in movie critic (and TV personality) Joe Bob Briggs was highly critical of the show in a 1989 newspaper column. Briggs mainly criticized the fact that Wayne seemed to sing too many songs by Elvis Presley (including copying his 1970s stage entrance). Briggs was also critical of the fact that Newton didn't sing any of his signature songs, including Danke Schoen (which Briggs jokingly called \"Donka Shane\"), Daddy Don't You Walk So Fast, and Red Roses for a Blue Lady. However, Briggs still called Newton's show \"the best show in the history of civilization.\" Also, Briggs wrote the review in his signature satirical style, so it is entirely possible that he was mostly joking. Briggs has often spoken of his appreciation of Newton's music, and the two have built a friendship together. Newton even wrote the foreword to Briggs' book \"Joe Bob Goes Back to the Drive-In.\" References Concerts in the United States Westgate Las Vegas Pay-per-view events", "title": "Wayne Newton Live in Concert" }, { "docid": "11591635", "text": "\"Mama Tried\" is a song written and recorded by American country music artist Merle Haggard and The Strangers. It was released in July 1968 as the first single and title track from the album Mama Tried. The song became one of the cornerstone songs of his career. It won the Grammy Hall of Fame Award in 1999, and was selected for preservation in the National Recording Registry due to its \"cultural, historic, or artistic significance\" on March 23, 2016, just 14 days before Haggard's death. In 2021, it was ranked at #376 on Rolling Stone's \"500 Greatest Songs of All Time\". Background In \"Mama Tried\", Haggard focuses on the pain and suffering he caused his own mother by being incarcerated in 1957 in San Quentin. Haggard ultimately served three years on a robbery conviction. However, the song is not literally autobiographical, as many country music historians point out. While writer Bill Malone's assessment of the song is in agreement with Ace Collins' (referring to his own experiences that saw him sentenced to prison), Malone points out that Haggard never was sentenced to \"life without parole,\" as the protagonist in the song was. Still, the song's lyrics, and the protagonist's experiences, are heavily influenced by Haggard's early life. Additionally, Allmusic writer Bill Janovitz notes Haggard's lyrics are sympathetic to his mother, who tried everything in her power to rehabilitate her rebel son. But, as the lyrics point out, \"In spite of all my Sunday learning, towards the bad I kept on turning/'Til mama couldn't hold me anymore\"; thus the observation, \"I turned 21 in prison doin' life without parole.\" Malone notes that \"Mama Tried\" \"recalls for us the 1960s California honky tonk and the Merle Haggard sound of those years, featuring the searing electric guitar of Roy Nichols.\" Chart performance Released in July 1968, Mama Tried was Merle Haggard and The Strangers fifth No. 1 song on the Billboard magazine Hot Country Singles chart in August. The song spent four weeks at No. 1, and was his biggest hit to that time. In popular culture Haggard's version of \"Mama Tried\" was on the soundtrack of the 1968 film Killers Three, a film which featured his acting debut. The words Mama Tried—referring to the song—are shown on Miranda Lambert's shirt in several scenes of the music video Kerosene. In the 1997 documentary about the making of the film From Dusk till Dawn, known as Full Tilt Boogie, Quentin Tarantino can be seen singing the song with others whilst on the set. In the 5th-season finale of Gilmore Girls (\"A House is Not a Home,\" 2005), Stars Hollow's \"Town Troubadour\" is singing the song on a street corner soon after Lorelai brings Rory home from a night in jail. In the 2008 film The Strangers, the song is used to build tension whilst also referencing the potential poor upbringing of the films' antagonists. Haggard's own band was also called The Strangers. In the 2nd series of the 2008 UK television series Survivors, the", "title": "Mama Tried (song)" }, { "docid": "36375592", "text": "\"You Bring Me Joy\" is the debut single by British singer Amelia Lily. The song premiered on The Hits Radio on 7 July 2012, after the radio premiere the song leaked online the following day. Officially it was released in the United Kingdom on 9 September 2012 through Sony Music. The song was written by Annie Yuill, Brian Higgins, Carla Marie Williams, Fred Falke, Luke Fitton, Matt Gray, Miranda Cooper, Owen Parker, Toby Scott and produced by Xenomania. Critical reception The song has received mostly positive reviews. Popjustice provided an early review on the song stating, \"It’s brilliant. It’s obviously brilliant the first time you hear it and increasingly brilliant over the subsequent twenty or thirty listens\". The Guardian was also positive towards the song, calling it a \"sophisticated banger\" which sees Lily's \"impressive voice take centre stage.\" Digital Spy rated the song 4 out of 5 stars, adding; \"'I'm not looking back when I've only just begun,' she growls over a propelling dance-rock riff, before calling out her contrary lover on a soaring yet wistful chorus. Like a PB&J sandwich the result won't initially be to everyone's taste, but it doesn't take long for addiction to set in.\". NME described it as \"Atonal, generalised fury about the utterly mundane\". Popjustice ranked \"You Bring Me Joy\" at number 27 on its \"The Top 45 Singles of 2012\" list, stating that they \"instantly loved\" the song, also saying that it was \"the sort of thing we were hoping Cher’s comeback single would sound like\". Commercial performance \"You Bring Me Joy\" came out for digital downloads on 9 September 2012, one month later than its music video. The single reached number 1 on UK iTunes Chart on the first release day and stayed at the top for 4 days. It sold 50,000 copies on its first week, debuting at number 2 on the UK Singles Chart behind \"Hall of Fame\" by The Script and will.i.am. It was the second biggest debut single for a X Factor contestant in 2011 (behind Little Mix's \"Wings\"), and even bigger than One Direction's single \"Live While We're Young\" that debuted at number 3, three weeks later. Music video Filming for the accompanying music video took place on 10 July 2012 in Los Angeles, California. The music video was uploaded onto Lily's official VEVO page on 30 July 2012. The video begins with Lily in the back of a vintage gold Mercedes in Los Angeles, reminiscing about a past love. Lily and her friends then stop by a service station and buy water guns. They jump back into the car and spray a man with the water guns who approaches them. All these scenes are intercut with Lily performing the lyrics, either on the hood of the Mercedes or in front of a beach. The ending sequence of the video takes place on the beach in the evening during a beach party in which Lily sings the closing lines of the song. The video reached 3,000,000 views", "title": "You Bring Me Joy (Amelia Lily song)" }, { "docid": "17591835", "text": "\"Bring It All to Me\" is a song performed by American R&B girl group Blaque. The song samples Shalamar's \"I Don't Wanna Be the Last to Know\". The remix and album version of the song features JC Chasez of boy band *NSYNC but is credited to the group as a whole. It was released on October 11, 1999, as Blaque's third single in the United States. \"Bring It All to Me\" reached number five on the US Billboard Hot 100, number seven on the Canadian RPM Top Singles chart and number 16 on the New Zealand Singles Chart. Billboard named the song number 54 on their list of 100 Greatest Girl Group Songs of All Time. Composition and background Musically, \"Bring It All to Me\" is a silky, slow-and-easy youth-leaning R&B track with a bouncing beat underneath \"classy\" piano keys. The song was described by music journalist Chuck Taylor of Billboard as sounding \"distinctive and like an old-school anthem\" and \"refreshing\" in terms of the track's lyrical content amidst the \"male-bashing\" anthems from the time. Sheet music for the song is originally published in the key of F major, and moves at a tempo of 89 beats per minute. It also contains a sample of Shalamar’s 1980s single “I Don’t Want to Be the Last to Know”. The album version with *NSYNC came about due to both groups sharing the same manager at the time and opening for *NSYNC on tour. Brandi D. revealed it was Justin Timberlake who was originally intended to sing on the song, but due to him filming Model Behavior at the time, JC Chasez sang instead. Music video The music video was directed by Bille Woodruff. The music video features a futuristic, sci-fi inspired feel. The video shows Blaque as alien girls with superpowers who descend on an downtown Los Angeles street. Male onlookers find a mysterious box and are transported to a futuristic world where they interact with the women. In this second setting, each member of Blaque is shown in a room with a different color: pink for Natina, green for Brandi, and orange for Shamari. The video premiered on music video stations during autumn of 1999, starting off with MTV the week ending October 10, 1999. BET and The Box soon followed and began airing the week ending October 17, 1999. For the music video, an alternative version of the song was used in place of the album version featuring vocals from JC Chasez. This version replaced Chasez vocals with Brandi Williams and Shamari DeVoe. The alternative version also features additional ad-libs from Natina Reed. This version has never been released in single form and is a rare find in pure audio form outside of the video. The video is often noted for its influence and included as an example by fashion blogs and magazines for its Afro-futuristic, Y2K aesthetic. Track listings European CD single \"Bring It All to Me\" (main version) – 3:46 \"Bring It All to Me\" (remix instrumental) –", "title": "Bring It All to Me" }, { "docid": "71396112", "text": "Respect: Original Motion Picture Soundtrack is the soundtrack album to the 2021 American film Respect, released coinciding with the film's theatrical release on August 13, 2021, by Epic Records and Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer Music. Based on the life of American singer Aretha Franklin, the film directed by Liesl Tommy, featured singer-actor Jennifer Hudson portraying Franklin. Hudson performed most of the tracks in the album. The soundtrack featured covers of Franklin's songs, and an original song \"Here I Am (Singing My Way Home)\" witten by Hudson, Carole King, and Jamie Hartman and produced by will.i.am and Johnny Goldstein. It was released as a single on June 18, 2021, and had peaked at number 21 on the Billboard Adult R&B Songs chart. The soundtrack debuted at number 6 on Billboard Top Soundtracks chart. Respect: Original Motion Picture Score, the score album composed by Kris Bowers released on the same date as the film's soundtrack, by Milan Records. Background The film's executive music producer, Stephen Bray, said in an interview to Billboard, stating that \"From the beginning, the agreement was, ‘Let’s time travel to the degree we can in terms of recreating these iconic sessions for songs like ‘I Never Loved a Man” and “Respect’ and ‘Ain’t No Way.’ Let’s do the best we can at making it look and sound exactly like it may have back in 1967 or ’68.’ Super music nerd that I am, I had the time of my life. I would have done it for free. I’m lucky I got hired to do it. It’s the most fun I’ve ever had working.\" He referred to several documentaries and television shows based on Franklin's life for his research. To get into the sounds, representing the 1960s, Bray collected vintage Neumann U-47 and U-48 microphones, as well as specific drum kits. He joined with executive music producer Jason Michael Webb, to supervise the soundtrack, and brought Charles Chalmers, a recurrent saxophonist for Franklin, to play for the cover versions of the soundtrack. While the singing was done live on sets, the instrumentation process happened remotely due to the COVID-19 pandemic, where all musicians had to record in their own homes. Bray added \"Liesl [Tommy] made it a point to bring in people who can really sing live. That helped us a lot in post (production). We didn’t have to worry about doing all that vocal subbing you see in a lot of these kinds of movies.\" Hudson apart from singing, also played piano for this film, who attributed on Franklin's connection and influence she had in her life. Speaking to Los Angeles Times, Tommy said \"Aretha was capable of so much power when she sings and so much delicacy and nuance. I wanted the way that we feel listening to her music to be the way that we felt watching the film. Another thing that guided me is that she has so much emotion in her singing. I felt that the film should be emotional too because that’s who she was. And", "title": "Respect (soundtrack)" }, { "docid": "12239315", "text": "Sing Me Something New is the debut solo album by Portuguese pop rock singer David Fonseca. It was released in Portugal in 2003. David Fonseca wrote all the songs and played most of the instruments in the album. The first single from his debut album was the mellow track \"Someone That Cannot Love\". The second and last single, the danceable anthem \"The 80's\" was chosen by Vodafone to their summer spot. The album reached gold status, by selling more than 30 000 copies. Track listing All songs by David Fonseca. Intro\" \"The 80's\" \"Someone That Cannot Love\" \"Playing Bowies with Me\" \"So You Want to Save the World\" \"U Make Me Believe\" \"You and I (Letter to S.)\" \"Haunted Home\" \"Summer Will Bring You Over\" \"Now That I Am You\" \"Revolution Edit\" \"In Love with Yourself\" \"So You Really Believe That Love Will Keep You from Getting Hurt?\" \"Sing Me Something New\" \"My Sunshine and My Rain\" Singles \"Someone That Cannot Love\" (2003) \"The 80's\" (2003) References 2003 debut albums David Fonseca albums Universal Music Group albums", "title": "Sing Me Something New" }, { "docid": "10517576", "text": "\"Don't Bring Me Down\" is a song composed by Gerry Goffin and Carole King and recorded as a 1966 hit single by the Animals. It was the group's first release with drummer Barry Jenkins, who replaced founding member John Steel as he had left the band in February of that year. History \"Don't Bring Me Down\" was one of a series of Animals renditions of Brill Building material, following the 1965 hits \"We Gotta Get Out of This Place\" and \"It's My Life\". According to one account, all three came out of one call in 1965 that the Animals' then-producer Mickie Most made for songs. The Animals had always had a somewhat contentious relationship with such songs, knowing they gave them hits but preferring the more straightforward R&B numbers they used for album tracks. Moreover, now they were performing a Goffin and King selection; although the couple was already legendary for their pop songwriting prowess, Animals lead singer Eric Burdon had previously seemingly mocked Goffin-King's \"Take Good Care of My Baby\" in the Animals' 1964 stream-of-consciousness rock history \"Story of Bo Diddley\". Furthermore, they were now using Tom Wilson as a producer, who promised them more artistic freedom than they had had under Mickie Most. The Animals' arrangement is led by a pulsating organ riff from Dave Rowberry, which is then set against a prominent bass guitar line from Chas Chandler. Hilton Valentine decorates the song with fuzz guitar chords. Eric Burdon sings the verses in a quiet manner: When you complain and criticize I feel I'm nothing in your eyes It makes me feel like giving up Because my best just ain't good enough Girl, I want to provide for you And do all the things that you want me to before sliding into a loud, pleading voice on the chorus: Oh oh no! Don't bring me down No no no no Oh babe oh no Don't bring me down Billboard called the song an \"emotional ballad wailer.\" Rolling Stone later wrote that \"Don't Bring Me Down\" represented one side of the Goffin-King \"boy-girl, loneliness-togetherness\" duality. Allmusic considers \"Don't Bring Me Down\" an exemplar of the Animals' \"brutally soulful inspiration.\" Chart performance \"Don't Bring Me Down\" was a solid hit, reaching the Top 10 (#6) in the UK pop singles chart, and falling just short of that on the U.S. pop singles chart, reaching number 12 during June and July 1966. It was also popular in Canada, reaching number 3 on the CHUM Chart and number 5 on the RPM Chart. It was also one of their most popular singles in Germany, reaching number 17. Later versions New York Dolls singer David Johansen's Animals medley from his 1982 live album Live It Up gained considerable MTV exposure; \"Don't Bring Me Down\" was in the middle, following \"We Gotta Get Out of This Place\" and before \"It's My Life\". The Guess Who did this song on the bootleg live album \"Live in Winnipeg\" in 1967. Tom Petty and the Heartbreakers", "title": "Don't Bring Me Down (The Animals song)" }, { "docid": "30923991", "text": "Home is the twenty-sixth solo studio album by American country music singer-songwriter Loretta Lynn. It was released on August 11, 1975, by MCA Records. Critical reception In the issue dated August 23, 1975, Billboard published a review that said, \"If it's Loretta, it's got to be great, and this is no exception. It seems that, with every session, she discovers there are more things she can do with her versatility, and she proceeds to do them. She sings a great number of tunes already done by others, but simply shows that she can hold her own in the competition. Greatness with Loretta is more than an implication.\" The review noted \"You Take Me to Heaven Every Night\", \"No Place Else to Go\", and \"Bring Some of It Home\" as the best cuts on the album, with a note to record dealers that said, \"On the cover is a country girl; on the back cover is a mansion. Both belong to Loretta.\" Commercial performance The album peaked at No. 7 on the Billboard Top Country Albums chart. The album's single, \"Home\", peaked at No. 10 on the Billboard Hot Country Songs chart. Recording Recording sessions for the album took place on June 10, June 11 and June 20, 1975, at Bradley's Barn studio in Mount Juliet, Tennessee. Four songs on the album were from previous recording sessions. \"Home\" and \"He's Only Everything\" were the first songs to be released from an October 8, 1974 session. \"Bring Some of It Home\" was recorded on March 5, 1974, during a session for 1974's They Don't Make 'Em Like My Daddy. \"No Place Else to Go\" was recorded during the December 19, 1974 session for 1975's Back to the Country. Track listing Personnel Adapted from album liner notes. Harold Bradley – bass guitar Owen Bradley – producer Ray Edenton – guitar Johnny Gimble – fiddle Lloyd Green – steel guitar The Jordanaires – backing vocals Mike Leech – bass Kenny Malone – drums Grady Martin – guitar Charlie McCoy – harmonica/vibes Hargus \"Pig\" Robbins – piano Hal Rugg – steel guitar Jerry Smith – piano Pete Wade – guitar Chart positions Album – Billboard (North America) Singles – Billboard (North America) References 1975 albums Loretta Lynn albums Albums produced by Owen Bradley MCA Records albums", "title": "Home (Loretta Lynn album)" }, { "docid": "67497096", "text": "\"Come Home, Father\" (also known as \"Poor Benny\") is a temperance song written by Henry Clay Work in 1864. According to George Birdseye, a contemporary biographer of the time, the song was the \"pioneer and pattern for all the many temperance pieces now in the market, not a few of which are very palpable imitations.\" Although the sheet music was first published in 1864, the song is believed to have been first performed in 1858 as part of the Broadway play, Ten Nights in a Barroom, an adaptation of the 1854 temperance novel. The song was eventually adopted as the anthem of the Woman's Christian Temperance Union. Storyline The song is about a young child (popularly named Mary) who is yearning for her drunken father to return home. Her younger brother, Benny, is sick and becomes progressively sicker as the night hours pass. The fire in the house is extinguished, and the mother is tending to young Benny, who eventually dies by 3 o'clock at night. Lyrics Father, dear father, come home with me now, The clock in the steeple strikes one; You said you were coming right home from the shop As soon as your day's work was done; Our fire has gone out, our house is all dark, And mother's been watching since tea, With poor brother Benny so sick in her arms And no one to help her but me, Come home! come home! come home! Please father, dear father, come home. Chorus: Hear the sweet voice of the child, Which the night-winds repeat as they roam; Oh who could resist this most plaintive of prayers \"Please father, dear father, come home.\" Father, dear father, come home with me now, The clock in the steeple strikes two; The night has grown colder, and Benny is worse But he has been calling for you: Indeed he is worse, ma says he will die—Perhaps before morning shall dawn; And this is the message she sent me to bring \"Come quickly, or he will be gone.\" Come home! come home! come home! Please father, dear father, come home. Chorus Father, dear father, come home with me now, The clock in the steeple strikes three; The house is so lonely, the hours are so long, For poor weeping mother and me; Yes, we are alone, poor Benny is dead, And gone with the angels of light; And these were the very last words that he said \"I want to kiss papa good-night.\" Come home! come home! come home! Please father, dear father, come home. Chorus In popular culture It was sung in the 1940 musical comedy film, Strike Up the Band, during the \"Nell of New Rochelle\" sequence by Larry Nunn and Judy Garland. It was featured in the 1941 animated short film, The Nifty Nineties, as part of a vaudeville show portraying the Gay Nineties. Christine McIntyre sings the song in a saloon as part of the 1945 Western comedy short film, Pistol Packin' Nitwits. The song was performed as", "title": "Come Home, Father" }, { "docid": "42603823", "text": "\"Super Love\" is a song by Australian recording artist Dami Im. It was written by Hayley Aitken, Johan Gustafson, Fredrik Häggstam and Sebastian Lundberg, and produced by the latter three with Tom Coyne. \"Super Love\" was released on 16 May 2014, as the lead single from Im's third studio album Heart Beats. The song is dedicated to her husband Noah Kim because of the sacrifices he has made for her career. Musically, \"Super Love\" is an uptempo dance-pop and synthpop song that incorporates elements of R&B. Its lyrics represent Im's love for her husband and \"the many other aspects of life that evoke\" love. \"Super Love\" received positive reviews from critics, who praised its production and Im's vocals. Upon its release, the song reached number 11 on the Australian ARIA Singles Chart, number 12 on the South Korea Gaon International Download Chart and number 16 on the South Korea Gaon International Digital Chart. It was certified platinum by the Australian Recording Industry Association for sales exceeding 70,000 copies. The accompanying music video was directed by James Chappell and features Im walking through the streets of Sydney in a superhero outfit, bringing joy and happiness to those around her. Im promoted \"Super Love\" with performances on radio and television programs. The song was also used to promote the sixth season of The X Factor Australia. Background and release \"Super Love\" was written by Hayley Aitken, Johan Gustafson, Fredrik Häggstam and Sebastian Lundberg, and produced by the latter three under their production name Trinity with Tom Coyne. The song was also mixed by Trinity. When Im heard the demo of \"Super Love\", she immediately wanted to record the song because she felt its message and vibe was right for her. She described the song as positive, fun and optimistic. Im dedicated \"Super Love\" to her husband Noah Kim, who left his job as a social worker to accompany her on all her travels. In an interview with The Daily Telegraph, she said: \"Whenever I sing the song, it just reminds me of the kind of love I've been getting from Noah. He left his job to be with me cause I was never able to come home much and I was just travelling all over the country and doing things and he wanted to be with me. He's been so supportive.\" Im chose \"Super Love\" as the song to launch her pop career in her birth country Korea. She visited Korea with her X Factor mentor Dannii Minogue and showcased \"Super Love\" to record label bosses. \"Super Love\" premiered on Australian radio stations on 8 May 2014. It was then released both digitally and physically on 16 May 2014, as the first single from Im's third studio album Heart Beats. The physical edition features an acoustic version of \"Super Love\" alongside the original version. The song was released in South Korea on 19 May 2014. The acoustic version was released digitally on 13 June 2014. A 7th Heaven club mix of \"Super", "title": "Super Love (Dami Im song)" }, { "docid": "21634660", "text": "Papa, Can You Hear Me Sing () is a 1983 Taiwanese musical film directed by Yu Kanping () starring Sun Yueh and Linda Liu (). This film was released eight times in Taiwan and eleven times in Hong Kong and won four Golden Horse Awards. The theme song \"Any Empty Wine Bottles for Sale\" () performed by Su Rui is also famous. Da Cuo Cue () (2005) is a popular 22 episodes TV series produced in Mainland China rewriting the film plot starring Li Xuejian () and Li Lin (). Plot A speech-impaired army veteran works as a bottle collector and lives in a shanty ghetto with a woman who depends on him to bring back a bottle of saki every evening. One morning, on a collection trip, he chances upon an abandoned baby girl in a basket with a note that says \"Please give baby Mei a good home.\" He brings Mei home to raise as his own. However, his companion is visibly upset with the presence of Mei and the attention he lavishes on her. The next evening, he decides to buy a can of powdered condensed milk for Mei at the expense of the saki. Upon reaching home, his companion bruises his eye. The next evening he brings home a bottle of saki but his companion had left him and Mei with a neighbor. The man dotes on her and the neighbors also protect and love her. Mei eventually grows up into a beautiful young woman. She meets a singer-songwriter and they traverse the bar scene as a singing couple. They are talent-spotted by a record producer-manager looking for new talent. However, the record producer only wants Mei, not her boyfriend. Mei signs a contract with the producer as her manager. Her manager reinvents Mei's image by masking her native and Taiwanese Hokkien linguistic origins, portraying her as the daughter of a rich and respectable family that has since emigrated to the United States, with Mei deciding to stay behind to pursue her singing career. Mei's popularity explodes while her boyfriend languishes along with her father and friends. Her neighbors are upset that she has abandoned her father for fame and fortune. When she returns, her neighbors and dad show up at a publicity party her manager threw for her, where the manager denies her relationship with her father. Mei shuns her father and friends. One evening, Mei attempts to visit her father without knowing that her ghetto was forcibly demolished by city authorities and where they relocated to. Coincidentally, his father's former companion arrives and ask her about the whereabouts of a friend she has missed for twenty years. However, Mei and her father's former girlfriend are unaware of their connection. Her father grows depressed and reflects on her years raising Mei. He collapses from depression and hypertension while watching her concert on TV with his neighbors. He is brought to the hospital dying and his widowed neighbor, with whom he has grown intimate, rushes to", "title": "Papa, Can You Hear Me Sing" }, { "docid": "13480900", "text": "The Incredible Little Richard Sings His Greatest Hits – Live! is the first of two albums Little Richard made for the Modern Records label. A live recording from the Domino Club in Atlanta compiled from more than one concert, all the tracks on the album have overdubbed audience noises. Ace Records has yet to release these (plus several never issued tracks ) on CD (except one, Directly From My Heart to You). Ace reports a legal entanglement prohibiting such . unreleased songs: Good bye , so long ; Try Me; Roll Over Beethoven ; High-Heeled Sneakers; I Got a Woman Track listing Introduction \"Tutti Frutti\" \"Keep a Knockin'\" \"Rip It Up” (mis-titled as “Saturday Night Rock”) \"Jenny Jenny\" (Enotris Johnson, Richard Penniman) \"Bama Lama Bama Loo\" \"Long Tall Sally\" (Enotris Johnson, Richard Penniman, Robert Blackwell) \"Ready Teddy\" \"Slippin' and Slidin'\" (possibly a rehearsal tape) \"True Fine Mama\" \"Bonnie Marone (Bony Moronie) (Bony Maronie)” \"Lucille\" \"Bring It On Home to Me (mis-titled as “Bring It Back Home to Me)\" \"Do You Feel It\" (aka Do You Feel It ( The Second Line)” \"Whole Lotta Shakin' Goin' On\" Personnel Little Richard – vocals, piano Incomplete personnel listed in Modern archives - the backing band given are Little Richard's backing band, The Upsetters. References Little Richard albums 1967 live albums albums produced by Robert Blackwell Modern Records live albums", "title": "The Incredible Little Richard Sings His Greatest Hits – Live!" }, { "docid": "12629963", "text": "A Time for Singing is a musical with music by John Morris, lyrics by Gerald Freedman and John Morris, and a book by Freedman and Morris. The work was based on Richard Llewellyn's novel of a Welsh mining village, How Green Was My Valley. The show takes place in the memory of Protestant minister David Griffith, recalling conflict within the Morgan family over the possible formation of a miners' union within the village, and the romance between Griffith himself and Angharad of the Morgans, who ultimately marries the mine owner instead. The show starred Ivor Emmanuel (as David Griffith), Tessie O'Shea, Shani Wallis and Laurence Naismith. The original Broadway production began a series of ten previews at The Broadway Theatre on May 12, 1966, and opened officially on May 21, 1966, running for a total of only 41 performances. It closed on June 25, 1966. An Alexander H. Cohen production, it has been called \"probably the best musical he ever produced.\" Cohen used an \"extravagant publicity machine\" to bring attention to the show, with the first 100 ticket buyers receiving \"folding chairs and a picnic lunch catered by the Brasserie restaurant.\" Ken Mandelbaum argued that A Time for Singing pointed the way to later grand musicals like Les Misérables and Grand Hotel in both its staging and its music, which was \"richer and more serious\" than other shows of the period, with a \"cinematic fluidity and continuous movement\" that later became common in 1980s musicals. Theatre Historian Gerald Bordman, however, acknowledged the musical's \"fine choral singing\" but stated that the music the singers were given was drab and did little to enhance the grim story of the Morgan family's tribulations\". Bing Crosby recorded two songs from A Time for Singing for Reprise Records on May 9, 1966, with the Johnny Keating Orchestra and Chorus: \"Far From Home\" and \"How Green Was My Valley.\" They were released as a single. Stereo versions of the songs were released in 2010. A remastered CD of the original Broadway cast recording was issued in a limited edition by producer Bruce Kimmel on his Kritzerland label on April 3, 2013. Song list Act I Come You Men – Male Singing Chorus How Green Was My Valley – David Griffith and Chorus Old Long John – Male Singing Chorus Here Come Your Men – Male Singing Chorus What a Good Day Is Saturday – Beth Morgan, Gwillym Morgan, Angharad Morgan, Brothers and Company Peace Come to Every Heart – Company Someone Must Try – David Griffith Oh, How I Adore Your Name – Angharad Morgan That's What Young Ladies Do – David Griffith When He Looks At Me – Angharad Morgan Far From Home – Beth Morgan, Angharad Morgan, Gwillym Morgan and Brothers I Wonder If – Brothers What A Party – Gwillym Morgan, David Griffith, Cyfartha Lewis, Dai Bando and Brothers Let Me Love You – Angharad Morgan Why Would Anyone Want to Get Married? – Huw Morgan, Brothers, Beth Morgan and Gwillym Morgan A", "title": "A Time for Singing" }, { "docid": "32183472", "text": "No Te Pido Flores (\"I'm Not Asking You For Flowers\") is the debut song by Colombian singer Fanny Lu on her first studio album Lágrimas Cálidas (2006). The song received a Billboard Music Latin nomination for \"Tropical Airplay of the Year\" and a Latin Grammy nomination for \"Best Tropical Song\". Song information The song was written by the Colombian producer José Gaviria, who defined to Fanny Lu as the only female voice with success within the so-called Tropipop scene. \"No Te Pido Flores\" is a mix of tropical rhythms with vallenato and Latin pop. The lyrics deal with heartbreak and disappointment over a previous relationship. In the chorus: \"No te pido que traigas flores/ Tampoco que me des bombones/ Yo solo quiero una caricia/ Que me digas que tu me quieres.\" (\"I'm not asking you to bring me flowers/ Nor to give me sweets/ I just want a caress/ That you tell me how much you love me.\") she sings about how love is about actions and not gifts, and Lu has decided to forget her previous lover because her heart now has a \"price\" and an \"owner.\" Music video First version The first music video was shot in Lake Guatavita (some 16 km from Bogotá); this lagoon was the same one that gave rise to the famous legend of El Dorado. The director of the video was Mauricio Pardo and the recording of the music video lasted for 22 hours of continuous work. It was shot with murky visuals similar to bleach bypass. The video shows Fanny Lu on a canoe, likewise surrounded by flowers and with an accordionist that accompanies her when she sings the chorus. Interspersed with this are shots of Fanny Lu on a table, as well as swimming on her back holding flowers, and even, at one point near the end of the video, trashing bottles that are on the table, as well as throwing a bottle with a flower back into the lagoon, tying the video to the themes of the song. This is the better known of the videos. International version The music video has a second version that was shot in the Plaza Moreno on the city of La Plata, Argentina. The director for this version was Mauricio Pardo as well. Fanny released the music video on her VEVO and YouTube channel on 16 June 2009 when she created her VEVO account, though the video was played on-and-off internationally on channels like Telefutura (now UniMás). The video starts with Fanny Lu singing in a boring city with a black raincoat and after when the chorus starts, the people take off their black clothes and begin to dance the tropical rhythm of the song. At the end of the music video, a man comes to ask forgiveness to Fanny and suddenly appears a little girl in a bike that removes his clothes and leaves him naked; Fanny Lu laughs at him. As of 3 May 2013 the video has reached 5.92 million views", "title": "No Te Pido Flores" }, { "docid": "4315763", "text": "Andy Paul is a Greek-Cypriot singer and songwriter. He represented Cyprus with the song \"Anna Maria Lena\" in the Eurovision Song Contest 1984 in Luxembourg. At the Cyprus Eurovision national finals, Paul came in first, winning the spot to represent Cyprus at the international event. Lia Vissi-Piliouri, Anna Vissi's sister, came in second at the event with the song \"Htes\". History Paul is a Greek Cypriot who immigrated to the UK in the early 1960s. He became a singer and songwriter influenced by artists such as Elvis, Cliff Richard, Tom Jones and Engelbert Humperdinck. Paul started his career in a pub sponsored by Bob Whitley, singing in a talent contest. Encouraged by his friends and family to enter, he won first prize with his impersonation of his childhood idol Elvis Presley. His performance was so good, the Whitley Taverns gave him a contract. Paul went on to sing in top venues throughout the UK until his big hit with \"Anna Mari-Elena\". Although he was Greek, he had little contact with the Greek community; he was more of an English artist. Andy Paul's first song was a simple melody entitled \"Heartbreak Situation\", produced by the now world-famous Stock, Aitken and Waterman. In the months that followed, a second release gave Paul his first big break – the song was \"Anna Mari-Elena\", which Andy wrote and entered in the Cypriot Eurovision Song Contest. The song went on to win the national contest, and was the entry for Cyprus in 1984. This was to be the first international hit for the Hit Factory. The next six years saw Paul touring extensively throughout Europe, gaining a following and many successes. In 1986 he released \"Now That I Found You\", an instant disco hit in Europe and in Greece. Andy Paul has had all his success in Europe. After the 1984 Eurovision Song Contest, everything changed for Paul – he became a big star in the Greek music industry. He has supported big names such as Demis Roussos at the Royal Festival Hall, and worked with others in Greece and Cyprus. Discography Anna Mari-Elena (Greek) Anemona (Greek) An Tin This (Greek) Atelioti Agapi (Greek) An Anakalipso (Greek) A Piece of Heaven Bai Bai Bai (Greek) Berasmenes Mou Agapes (Greek) Boso Mou Lipis Mana (Greek) Boys Don't Cry Boso Mou Lipis Mana (Greek) Broto Fili (Greek) Boso Mou Lipis Mana (Greek) Bos (Greek) Bou Tha Bas (Greek) Broto Fili (Greek) Bring Back The Sunshine Change Clubland Could This Be Love Darling If You Leave Me Don't Be Disrespectful To Me Domino (Greek) Ego Fteo (Greek) Epetios (Greek) Follow Your Heart Genithike Ena Star (Greek) Glikia Melodia (Greek) Happy Anniversary Hanese (Greek) Hearbreak Situation Home Is Where The Heart Is How Do I Go On How Do I Let Go I Believe I Bortes Oles Klisane (Greek) I Karthies Bou Bonane (Greek) I'm Leaving You I'm Not A Casanova I'm so Sad Ime THikosou (Greek) Infinity I Owe It All To You It's Up To You And", "title": "Andy Paul" }, { "docid": "12590906", "text": "Stanford Talisman is a student a cappella group at Stanford University, dedicated to sharing stories through music. Started in 1990 by Stanford student Joseph Pigato, their roots are in music from South Africa and the African diaspora, but they have since broadened their horizons to include music from all over the world. They perform not only locally in the greater San Francisco Bay Area but also around the world. Their most recent tour was to Mumbai and Udaipur, India, in spring of 2019. The group has also traveled to South Africa (2016) and Hawai'i (2018). The group won the 1997 ICCA competition and notable performances include the 1996 Olympic Games, the White House, with 10-time Grammy award winner Bobby McFerrin in 2005 and 2019, with Seal in 2009, with Joan Baez in 2019, annually at Stanford Graduation Baccalaureate, and their sold-out 25th Anniversary Show in Bing Concert Hall in 2015. Their musical repertoire includes their arrangements of \"One by One\" by Lebo M., \"Lift Ev'ry Voice\" (the Black national anthem), \"Baba Yetu\" by Talisman alumni Christopher Tin (a song featured in the video game Civilization IV), Sweet Honey in the Rock's \"Wanting Memories,\" a compilation of the two songs \"Hawai'i '78\" and \"E Ala E\"] performed by Israel Kamakawiwo'ole, and the traditional spiritual \"Amazing Grace.\" Talisman has released eight full-length albums as well as a 10-year anniversary compilation entitled \"Shine,\" and a 20-year compilation, \"Twenty,\" and two five-song EPs. The group was featured on the 1997 Best of Collegiate A Cappella compilation, and has received recognition from CARA, most recently in 2004, winning \"Mixed-Group Album of the Year\" for Watch Me Fly. History From founder Joe Pigato at Talisman's 25th Anniversary Show:\"October 1989 - I was a sophomore here at Stanford and I had just started my second year and was not singing again, though I'd been singing most of my life. A good friend came up from my hometown and was lamenting the fact that I wouldn't be singing again. He said, 'Well, why don't you start your own group?' And I thought, 'Well, bit of work, my friend Ben [is] a super excitable guy - it's going to take a bit of work to do.'I went home from that breakfast and my ideas was that I wanted to do world music because that's what's I grew up listening to and that's what I love, and as wonderful as college a cappella is, it wasn't the style or what I wanted to sing. So I went home, I jotted down a few songs - I wasn't going to start the group, I just jotted down a few songs, what I thought we might sing, what our name might be, maybe where we'd practice, maybe when we'd practice, and uh, pretty soon I realized I was on my way to doing this. I sat back and I thought, 'World music - it's not the thing that brings in the audience, I don't know if anyone's going to want to sing", "title": "Stanford Talisman" }, { "docid": "32839712", "text": "\"Blow the Wind Southerly\" is a traditional English folk song from Northumbria. It tells of a woman desperately hoping for a southerly wind to blow her lover back home over the sea to her. It is Roud number 2619. History \"Blow the Wind Southerly\" is a folk song with origins in Wearside. The chorus of \"Blow the Wind Southerly\" first appeared in print in the 1834 publication The Bishoprick Garland by Cuthbert Sharp. The 1882 book Northumbrian Minstrelsy published an arrangement by John Collingwood Bruce and John Stokoe of the chorus in D major and an 6/8 time signature. In the 1892 book Songs and Ballads of Northern England, Stokoe added to \"Blow the Wind Southerly\" three new verses written by John Stobbs on a broadside. Recordings and arrangements Kathleen Ferrier made an a cappella recording that is perhaps the best-known version of the song in 1949, released by Decca Records. American composer Margaret Shelley Vance arranged Blow the Wind Southerly for choir in 1967. Welsh opera singer Bryn Terfel recorded two versions, first in 2009 accompanied by the London Symphony Orchestra conducted by Barry Wordsworth, with vocal backing by London Voices. In 2013, Terfel recorded another version with the Orchestra at Temple Square conducted by Mack Wilberg. Sheku Kanneh-Mason recorded an instrumental version on cello in 2019. It was released on his 2020 album Elgar, also on Decca. A music video of Kanneh-Mason performing that version was also released in 2020. \"Blow the Wind Southerly\" was recorded by the American quintet Bounding Main and released on their 2005 album Maiden Voyage. Lyrics As with all folk music, there are now multiple versions of the lyrics after years of these lyrics being passed down the generations primarily by word of mouth. A common version is: CHORUS: Blow the wind southerly, southerly, southerly, Blow the wind south o'er the bonny blue sea; Blow the wind southerly, southerly, southerly, Blow bonnie breeze, my lover to me. They told me last night there were ships in the offing, And I hurried down to the deep rolling sea; But my eye could not see it wherever might be it, The barque that is bearing my lover to me. CHORUS I stood by the lighthouse the last time we parted, Till darkness came down o'er the deep rolling sea, And no longer I saw the bright bark of my lover. Blow, bonny breeze and bring him to me. CHORUS Oh, is it not sweet to hear the breeze singing, As lightly it comes o'er the deep rolling sea? But sweeter and dearer by far when 'tis bringing, The barque of my true love in safety to me. CHORUS The Ferrier recording does not have the \"Oh,\" at the start of the last verse and changes \"\"when 'tis\" to \"'tis when\". Also, the Ferrier recording varies the words of the chorus, whereas traditional versions do not; and the Ferrier recording misses out the second of the three verses shown above. Notes References English folk songs", "title": "Blow the Wind Southerly" }, { "docid": "71250389", "text": "\"For My Hand\" is a song by Nigerian singer Burna Boy, featuring vocals from English singer-songwriter Ed Sheeran. It was released through Atlantic Records on 8 July 2022 as the second single from Burna Boy's sixth studio album, Love, Damini, along with the album. Burna Boy and Ed Sheeran wrote the song with producer P2J. It marks the second collaboration between the two artists, as they were both featured on British rapper Stormzy's single, \"Own It\", from his second studio album, Heavy Is the Head (2019). On 30 June 2022, Sheeran brought Burna Boy out during his performance at Wembley Stadium in his home country of the United Kingdom, in which the two artists performed \"For My Hand\" for the first time. Composition and lyrics On \"For My Hand\", Burna Boy brings Ed Sheeran into his world of music. The love song is focused on emotions and honesty in relationships, as they sing about wanting to be accepted for who they are: \"Take me as I am\". It has been described as a \"wedding-song-worthy vow of mutual devotion through rough times\", in which they sing: \"Whenever I'm broken, you make me feel whole\". Music video The official music video for \"For My Hand\" premiered alongside the release of the song and album on 8 July 2022. Burna Boy and Ed Sheeran sing inside an elevator. The two artists stand at the top of New York City and Burna Boy becomes one with the clouds in the sky. The video ends with a couple dancing in the same elevator, who stay touching each other. They rise up to the sea and the sky as they go to the top of a skyscraper. Credits and personnel Burna Boy – lead vocals, songwriting Ed Sheeran – featured vocals, songwriting P2J – production, songwriting, recording Jesse Ray Ernster – mixing Gerhard Westphalen – mastering Joe Begalla – mixing assistance Noah \"MixGiant\" Glassman – mixing assistance Charts Weekly charts Year-end charts Certifications Release history References 2020s Atlantic Records singles 2022 singles 2022 songs Burna Boy songs Songs written by Burna Boy Ed Sheeran songs Songs written by Ed Sheeran", "title": "For My Hand" }, { "docid": "5093871", "text": "\"You Can't Bring Me Down\" is a song by Suicidal Tendencies, released in 1990 on the Lights...Camera...Revolution! album. It delivered moderate commercial success, and aided in the band's transition from punk rock to thrash metal. Although the song never reached any of the major music charts, it was a successful single. Content The song begins with a hypnotic whammy bar solo, then goes into a clean, almost acoustic sounding rhythm guitar part, and then a guitar solo is added over it. The solo continues for a while, featuring 8-finger tapping and shredding, then the tempo speeds up and the song breaks into the main riff, and the first verse of lyrics, and finally the chorus. This continues until around 3:40, when suddenly the rhythm guitar is clean again, the tempo slows down, and another solo comes in. Then finally towards the end of the song it goes back to the main riff, only this time with lead vocalist Mike Muir ranting and almost talking instead of singing. Then the song goes back to the chorus, the chorus extends (with yet another guitar solo), and finally ends (Muir's last lyrics being \"Suicidal!\" and then cackling). The song was written by Muir and lead guitarist Rocky George. Music video A music video was made for \"You Can't Bring Me Down\", which was a major hit on MTV's Headbangers Ball. The video seemed mostly to be about the band's ban from appearances in Los Angeles; in the beginning of the video a newspaper pops up with the head line \"Suicidal Tendencies Banned In L.A.\" It showed Mike Muir being taken prisoner by a few unnamed authorities, who eventually executed him on the electric chair, despite heavy revolt from Muir's \"gang\" (perhaps representative of S.T.'s fans), who try to help him escape. When Muir is executed in the video you can see the United States Constitution flashing in the background, which is perhaps taking another stab at the PMRC, which the band believed limited the American constitutional right to freedom of speech. The song was also used in Danny Way's part in the skate video, The DC Video. Track listing References External links 1990 singles 1990 songs Suicidal Tendencies songs Songs written by Mike Muir Songs written by Rocky George Epic Records singles", "title": "You Can't Bring Me Down" }, { "docid": "6654945", "text": "\"Don't Bring Me Down\" is the ninth and final track on the English rock band the Electric Light Orchestra's 1979 album Discovery. It is their highest-charting hit in the United States to date. History \"Don't Bring Me Down\" is the band's second-highest-charting hit in the UK, where it peaked at number 3, and their biggest hit in the United States, peaking at number 4 on the Billboard Hot 100. It also charted well in Canada (number 1) and Australia (number 6). This was the first single by ELO not to include a string section. Engineer Reinhold Mack claims that this was his idea, after Lynne did not know what they should record next, and that he encouraged Lynne to \"just boogie out for a night.\" The drum track is in fact a tape loop, coming from \"On the Run\" looped and slowed down and then sped up; Mack recalls that Bevan was not interested in joining in the jam session that helped create the song; Mack decided to use a drum loop, and Lynne asked Mack to change the speed of the loop tape. After developing the drum tape loop, Lynne composed the music on a piano and then developed the lyrics about a girl who thought herself better than her boyfriend. The instruments do not include strings. Lynne said \"This was the first song I did without any strings. It was exciting to work with them when we started, but [after] six albums, I got fed up with them. There was also trouble with the unions. They’d stop playing before the end of the song if the end of the hour was approaching. Now they aren’t so rude since there are samplers and everything.\" The song ends with the sound of a door slamming. According to producer Jeff Lynne, this was a metal fire door at Musicland Studios where the song was recorded. The song was dedicated to the NASA Skylab space station, which re-entered the Earth's atmosphere and burned up over the Indian Ocean and Western Australia on 11 July 1979. On 4 November 2007, Lynne was awarded a BMI (Broadcast Music, Inc) Million-Air certificate for \"Don't Bring Me Down\" for the song having reached two million airplays. Misheard lyric A common mondegreen in the song is the perception that, following the title line, Lynne shouts \"Bruce!\" In the liner notes of the ELO compilation Flashback and elsewhere, Lynne has explained that he is singing a made-up word, \"Groos\", which some have suggested sounds like the German expression \"Gruß\", meaning \"greeting.\" Lynne has explained that originally he did not realize the meaning of the syllable, and he just used it as a temporary placekeeper to fill a gap in the lyrics, but upon learning the German meaning he decided to leave it in. After the song's release, so many people had misinterpreted the word as \"Bruce\" that Lynne actually began to sing the word as \"Bruce\" for fun at live shows. ELO engineer Reinhold Mack remembers the genesis", "title": "Don't Bring Me Down" }, { "docid": "20817926", "text": "Both Sides Now is the tenth studio album by country singer Willie Nelson, released in 1970. Background With the dawn of the new decade, Nelson had not achieved the commercial success at RCA that he had hoped for. He gained a measure of fame writing songs that were hits for Faron Young (\"Hello Walls\"), Billy Walker (\"Funny How Time Slips Away\"), Patsy Cline (\"Crazy\"), and Roy Orbison (\"Pretty Paper\"), but most of his singles stalled on the charts, his biggest single at RCA being the Vegas-styled cover \"Bring Me Sunshine,\" which hit number 13. His producer, RCA head Chet Atkins, had tried various approaches, from a live LP to a Texas-themed concept album, but success remained elusive. After the underwhelming performance of the album My Own Peculiar Way, a year passed before the November 1969 sessions began for Both Sides Now. Recording and composition As he had in the past, Atkins turned production duties on Nelson over to Felton Jarvis, who had started producing Elvis Presley. Unlike Atkins, Jarvis let Nelson record on his own terms and bring along Billy English, Paul English's nineteen-year-old brother, on drums, David Zettner on guitar and bass, Shirley Nelson on vocals (her last collaboration with her husband), and Jimmy Day on bass. The album contains a new version of \"I Gotta Get Drunk,\" a song Nelson wrote in Houston before moving to Nashville in 1960, as well as \"Bloody Mary Morning,\" a tune destined to become a highlight in the Texan's live shows. In his 2015 autobiography, Nelson admitted the song was taken from his own unhappy experiences as a drinker: \"Bloody Mary Morning\" was another boozy song about this boozy period of my life. Its origins might be found in those days on the road when I was living a double life...I was a lousy drunk, a foolish drunk, a fighting drunk, a drunk who did himself much damage. But I was caught up in the culture of drinking. That's what country singers did, right? That's what pickers did. That was the life. Both Sides Now contains the country standards \"Wabash Cannonball\" and \"Crazy Arms,\" but what is most striking about the collection is the inclusion of material far beyond the confines of Nashville, as Streissguth notes: \"Willie's own songs were as pleasing as ever, at home in a coffeehouse or a honky-tonk, but now they appeared next to his covers of other great songs of the day: Joni Mitchell's 'Both Sides Now,' Fred Neil's 'Everybody's Talkin','...a perfect alignment of stars in early 1970s Nashville: the seasoned singer and the blossoming songwriters shone brightly.\" Nelson's broad range and musical tastes, already evident in his Django Reinhardt-inspired guitar playing and jazz-inflected singing, were attuned to the new songwriters of the day, with the singer later commenting, \"Well, I did sing Joni Mitchell's 'Both Sides Now' and...James Taylor's 'Fire and Rain,' not because I wanted to reinvent myself in the folk medium, but only because I really liked the songs.\" Going completely against the grain", "title": "Both Sides Now (Willie Nelson album)" }, { "docid": "66203267", "text": "My Savior is the eighth studio album by American country music singer Carrie Underwood. It was released on March 26, 2021, through Capitol Records Nashville. The gospel album features thirteen tracks, with production from Underwood and David Garcia, who co-produced Underwood's sixth studio album, Cry Pretty (2018). The album debuted at number four on the US Billboard 200. Background and composition Following the release of her first Christmas album, My Gift, in September 2020, amid the COVID-19 pandemic, Underwood decided to record an album of gospel covers, saying, \"This album is one that I have always wanted to make. This is legacy stuff to me.\" In January 2021, Underwood shared with People, \"With everything I do, I just want to be positive. And we had the Christmas album, which was so near and dear to my heart. Last year was a tough year for everybody, and I think just wanting to be positive in this world and sing these songs that bring me so much joy, hopefully, others can be like that as well and these songs can bring others joy. That goes back with everything that I do...I just want to do positive things.\" Further expanding on her reasoning behind producing a Christian album, Underwood said, \"It's been such a blessing to make music like this, inspirational music that is near and dear to my heart. These two albums have been on my musical bucket list since the beginning of my career and were planned long before the events of the past year, but somehow it feels like the perfect time to share these beloved songs with the world.\" Bear Rinehart of Needtobreathe provided background vocals for \"Nothing but the Blood of Jesus\". Underwood described being nervous before asking CeCe Winans to duet with her for the album, saying, \"We had talked about asking CeCe to come and sing something with me. We were trying to figure out the game plan, and I always get really nervous about asking people to come sing with me.\" Underwood described her original plan for the album, later deciding to incorporate more modern production, saying, \"My original thought was, 'We're going to be super traditional about everything.' And then we got into work on it. I'm like, 'Oh, man, a lot of these songs sound the same. Because a lot of them were written a very long time ago, there was only a certain amount of instrumentation available, and they obviously didn't have the technology that we have now.... We kind of wanted to keep the core and the heart true to what these songs are, and didn't want to 'jazz them up' too much. But we definitely wanted to make them really sound like they belonged many years ago and they belong today.\" Reflecting on including the song \"Just as I Am\", Underwood said, \"All the times we sang that song, I never thought much of it, because it was always there. And now, as an adult, just as I am -", "title": "My Savior (album)" }, { "docid": "10784083", "text": "Burl Ives and the Korean Orphan Choir Sing of Faith and Joy is an album by the American folk singer Burl Ives. Released on the Herald label in 1963, this is a collection of gospel hymns, most having verses and a chorus. The album also features the World Vision Korean Orphan Choir. Each hymn is arranged in a similar way, with Ives and the choir sharing the vocals, and accompaniment provided by a piano and organ arrangement. Musicians are uncredited on the album cover. On many of the hymns the Korean choir sing sections in their native language. Ives, widely known as a singer of folk music, joins with the world-famous Korean Orphan Choir to sing these songs of \"Faith and Joy\". As he sang he was recalling nostalgic memories of the little wooden church in Southern Illinois where he sang many of these same hymns as a youth ... and later still when he was a lay evangelist, bringing the message of the love of God, through song and words, to audiences in many parts of the United States. Of the making of the recordings here presented he had this to say: \"It was a beautiful experience singing with these children. In all of my life nothing has humbled and inspired me as this. The glow of their faces, and the warmth of their smiles brought the breadth of God's love into our presence as we sang these great hymns. It all fitted together – as though it were meant to be. The simple message of the Gospel so clearly stated in words and music – and so captivatingly shown in the lives of these little Korean orphans – made a terrific impact deep within my heart.\" Everywhere the Korean Orphan Choir go they bring living testimony of the work of World Vision throughout the world. They are indeed symbolic of the 18,000 orphans cared for by this organisation in 16 nations. (From: Notes on LP cover) Choir Director: Dr Soo Chul Chang; professor of music, Union Christian College, Seoul Track listing \"Revive Us Again\" \"O Happy Day\" \"There Is a Fountain\" \"When the Roll Is Called Up Yonder\" \"Dwelling in Beulah Land\" \"I Love to Tell the Story\" \"Jesus Loves Even Me\" \"At the Cross\" \"Precious Jewels\" \"I Need Thee Every Hour\" \"The Way of the Cross Leads Home\" \"Abide with Me\" \"Tell it to Jesus\" \"He Hideth My Soul\" References Back of Album cover, Burl Ives and the Korean Orphan Choir Sing of Faith and Joy, Herald Sacred Recordings, LLR 530. 1963 1963 albums Burl Ives albums Gospel albums by American artists Word Records albums", "title": "Burl Ives and the Korean Orphan Choir Sing of Faith and Joy" }, { "docid": "262931", "text": "\"Daddy Wouldn’t Buy Me a Bow Wow\" is a song written in 1892 by prolific English songwriter Joseph Tabrar. It was written for, and first performed in 1892 by, Vesta Victoria at the South London Palace, holding a kitten. The same year it was recorded by Silas Leachman for the North American Phonograph Co. of Chicago (Talking Machine Company of Chicago/Chicago Talking Machine). In 1895 Toulouse-Lautrec painted May Belfort singing it. The comedian Arthur Roberts also had success in the 1890s with the song. The song featured in the 1934 musical movie Evergreen, sung by Jessie Matthews, and was also revived after World War II. The chorus was sung by Helen Mirren and Peter Sellers in the 1980 movie The Fiendish Plot of Dr. Fu Manchu. It is also the tune Sarah Jane Smith whistles when she leaves the Doctor at the end of the Doctor Who episode \"The Hand of Fear\". It is sung by the EastEnders cast, led by Anna Wing (Lou Beale, as part of the 1985 EastEnders Sing Along. In the first episode of the 1983 BBC series Reilly, Ace of Spies, one of Sidney Reilly's mistresses performs a striptease to a phonograph recording of the song. On CD A version of Vesta Victoria singing the song can be found on the CD 60 Old-Time Variety Songs It also appears on the Ultimate Pub Sing-A-Long Album Lyrics I love my little cat, I do With soft black silky hair It comes with me each day to school And sits upon the chair When teacher says \"why do you bring That little pet of yours?\" I tell her that I bring my cat Along with me because Daddy wouldn't buy me a bow-wow! bow wow! Daddy wouldn't buy me a bow-wow! bow wow! I've got a little cat And I'm very fond of that But I'd rather have a bow-wow Wow, wow, wow, wow We used to have two tiny dogs Such pretty little dears But daddy sold 'em 'cause they used To bite each other's ears I cried all day, at eight each night Papa sent me to bed When Ma came home and wiped my eyes I cried again and said Daddy wouldn't buy me a bow-wow! bow wow! Daddy wouldn't buy me a bow-wow! bow wow! I've got a little cat And I'm very fond of that But I'd rather have a bow-wow Wow, wow, wow, wow I'll be so glad when I get old To do just as I \"likes\" I'll keep a parrot and at least A half a dozen tykes And when I've got a tiny pet I'll kiss the little thing Then put it in its little cot And on to it I'll sing Daddy wouldn't buy me a bow-wow! bow wow! Daddy wouldn't buy me a bow-wow! bow wow! I've got a little cat And I'm very fond of that But I'd rather have a bow-wow Wow, wow, wow, wow References Songs about fathers Songs about dogs Songs about", "title": "Daddy Wouldn't Buy Me a Bow Wow" }, { "docid": "48675050", "text": "Diana Ross Sings Songs from The Wiz is an album by Diana Ross, released by Motown Records/Universal on November 27, 2015. The album features Ross' versions of songs from the film version of the musical The Wiz, in which she starred along with Michael Jackson. The songs were originally recorded in 1978, produced by Ross, Suzanne de Passe and Grammy Award winner Lee Holdridge. Motown originally planned to release the album in 1979 (a year after the film's original soundtrack) but it was cancelled following low box office returns and highly negative critical response to the film. Ross recorded new versions of \"Be a Lion\" and \"Home\" for the album, together with a previously unreleased song, \"Wonder, Wonder Why\". Home had been released as part of a 2001 Motown compilation album, while a different version of \"Ease on Down the Road\" had been released in 1978 as a duet with Michael Jackson. All other tracks remained unreleased until 2015. The reissue was remastered and produced by Andrew Skurow, George Solomon, and Harry Weinger. Track listing All songs written by Charlie Smalls, unless otherwise noted. \"The Feeling We Once Had\" \"He's the Wizard\" \"Soon as I Get Home\" Trio Medley: \"You Can't Win\" / \"Slide Some Oil\" / \"(I'm A) Mean Ole Lion\" \"Ease on Down the Road\" \"Be a Lion\" \"So You Wanted to Meet the Wizard\" \"Is This What Feeling Gets? (Dorothy's Theme)\" (Quincy Jones, Nick Ashford, Valerie Simpson) \"Don't Nobody Bring Me No Bad News\" \"Wonder Wonder Why\" \"A Brand New Day\" (Luther Vandross) \"Believe in Yourself\" \"Home\" See also The Wiz: Original Cast Recording References 2015 albums Diana Ross albums Funk albums by American artists Gospel albums by American artists", "title": "Diana Ross Sings Songs from The Wiz" }, { "docid": "2615391", "text": "The Very Best of UB40 1980-2000 is a greatest hits album of the British dub/reggae band UB40. There is another, later release with the similar title The Best Of UB40 Volume I & II, with different contents. UK track listing \"One in Ten\" from Present Arms \"Red Red Wine\" from Labour of Love \"Kingston Town\" from Labour of Love II \"Higher Ground\" from Promises and Lies \"King\" from Signing Off \"Cherry Oh Baby\" from Labour of Love \"I Got You Babe\" from Baggariddim \"Come Back Darling\" from Labour of Love III \"The Earth Dies Screaming\" Single release \"If It Happens Again\" from Geffery Morgan \"Don't Break My Heart\" from Baggariddim \"(I Can't Help) Falling in Love With You\" from Promises and Lies \"Watchdogs\" from Rat in the Kitchen \"Tell Me Is It True\" from Guns in the Ghetto \"Rat in Mi Kitchen\" from Rat in the Kitchen \"Homely Girl\" from Labour of Love II \"Light My Fire\" Single release \"Bring Me Your Cup\" from Promises and Lies \"Food for Thought\" from Signing Off \"Sing Our Own Song\" from Rat in the Kitchen US track listing \"I Got You Babe\" \"Here I Am (Come and Take Me)\" \"Bring Me Your Cup\" (7 inch Version) \"One in Ten\" \"Red Red Wine\" \"Kingston Town\" \"If It Happens Again\" \"Don't Break My Heart\" \"Cherry Oh Baby\" \"Can't Help Falling In Love\" \"Higher Ground\" \"Tell Me Is It True\" \"Rat in Mi Kitchen\" \"Until My Dying Day\" \"The Way You Do the Things You Do\" \"Light My Fire\" \"Food for Thought\" \"Sing Our Own Song\" Charts Weekly charts Year-end charts Certifications References 2000 greatest hits albums EMI Records compilation albums UB40 compilation albums Virgin Records compilation albums", "title": "The Very Best of UB40" }, { "docid": "25549032", "text": "That's the Way Love Goes is the thirty-eighth studio album by the American country music singer Merle Haggard backed by The Strangers, released in 1983. Background Haggard had loved Lefty Frizzell's \"That's the Way Love Goes\" since he first heard the song and tried recording it towards the end of his time with Capitol Records in the mid-1970s with unsatisfactory results. That version, which can be found on the box set Hag: The Studio Recordings 1969-1976, is more lighthearted and whimsical than the one Haggard recorded in 1983. The song topped the Billboard country singles chart, as did \"Someday When Things Are Good,\" a song co-written by Haggard and his wife Leona Williams. It also proved to be prophetic, as the couple divorced that year. Williams had also written Haggard's recent hit \"You Take Me For Granted\", but Williams, who replaced Haggard's previous wife Bonnie Owens in the Strangers, had creative aspirations of her own that her husband did not always appreciate. As Haggard wrote in his 1981 autobiography Sing Me Back Home, \"I'd reached the point in my career where I felt in charge of my music...When Leona tried to make a suggestion, I resented it. She resented my resentment. So it went. She kept saying she felt like an outsider...I couldn't understand why she got so upset by the press leaning toward good ol' Bonnie and the snide remarks about Leona coming in and breaking up my 'happy home.'\" The divorce instigated a personal landslide for Haggard, who spent the rest of the decade losing himself in alcohol and drugs, although initially it did not prevent him from having #1 hits. As he recalled in his 1999 autobiography House of Memories, \"I roared right through the 1980s, running and drugging the nights away, making bad decisions while under the influence of various substances.\" That's The Way Love Goes was his third hit LP for Epic in two years, not counting two separate duet albums with George Jones and Willie Nelson. While discussing his own song \"Bad Boy\" in the liner notes to Great Days: The John Prine Anthology, John Prine admitted, \"Around that time, I fell under the spell of Merle Haggard's songwriting. There was a period when he seemed to be churning out some really great stuff. He was bringing out great albums every six or eight months, and I considered 'Bad Boy' sort of in the vein of what he was doing.\" Overall, That's The Way Love Goes offers a more laid back feel than Haggard's later LPs, demonstrating his emotive vocal range on several ballads like \"What Am I Gonna Do (With the Rest of My Life)\", which peaked at number 3 and appears to reflect the turmoil with Williams, as does the lilting yet bitter \"If You Hated Me\". Other tracks have the bright pop sound that was becoming more predominate on country albums in the 1980s, such as \"I'm Carrying Fire\" and the jazzy \"The Last Boat of the Day\". The album's closing", "title": "That's the Way Love Goes (Merle Haggard album)" }, { "docid": "42841947", "text": "Small Source of Comfort is the 24th studio album by Canadian singer/songwriter Bruce Cockburn, his first studio album in five years. It was released in 2011 by True North Records. Background Cockburn said two of the songs on the album had been inspired by his travels and work. \"Through the auspices of various organizations, I’ve been to troubled areas around the world,\" he told the PremierGuitar.com website. \"I don’t feel like I’m doing the real work, but through my songs I can bring attention to these issues, hopefully helping to make the world a better place—or at least keep it from getting worse so fast. My travels don’t show up too much on this album, except on the song \"Each One Lost\" and the instrumental \"Ancestors,\" which I wrote following a trip to Kandahar, Afghanistan under the auspices of the Canadian army. I witnessed a ceremony there honoring the sacrifices of two soldiers who had been killed and whose bodies were being flown back to Canada. I felt I had to give listeners an impression of what that felt like, so I went home and wrote \"Each One Lost,\" the first half of which is in my perspective and the second half in that of a soldier. It was a very deep and emotional experience—one of the saddest things I’ve ever had the privilege to witness, and I wanted to let listeners know how it felt.\" Another song, \"Gifts,\" originally written in 1968 but never previously recorded. Cockburn explained: \"When we did the first album, back at the end of the ‘60s I was singing that song in my shows. At the time, (manager) Bernie Finkelstein kept trying to get me to record the song, and I told him I was going to save it for the last album. After a while it just kind of disappeared. When we started to record this album I thought it’d be cool to bring back 'Gifts' but not tell Bernie. I also felt that at this point you never know ... I’m not getting any younger. So maybe there will be another album or maybe there won’t. It’s not a prediction of any kind. I just thought it was time to get it on record.\" He said Finkelstein was taken aback when he first heard the recording. \"When the song started, he just took a double take right away,\" Cockburn said. \"He turned to me after it was over, and he said, 'Is there anything I should know?' And I said no—it was just in case.\" The album features two songs co-written with former Wailin' Jennys member Annabelle Chvostek. Cockburn said: \"I haven’t done very much co-writing with people over the years. Annabelle called me up one day and asked if I’d like to try writing a song with her. I hadn’t written anything for a while and I thought, 'That might be good.' ... I knew she was good. And I thought maybe this was the catalyst to get my own creative", "title": "Small Source of Comfort" }, { "docid": "2367010", "text": "\"Hey You\" is a power ballad by the English rock band Pink Floyd, released on their 1979 double album The Wall. It also appeared as the B-side to the \"Comfortably Numb\" single in 1980. The song, along with \"The Show Must Go On\", was edited out of Pink Floyd – The Wall to prevent the film from running too long; however, a rough version is available as an extra on the 25th Anniversary Edition DVD of The Wall. Composition The song starts off with an acoustic guitar, restrung in a fashion similar to Nashville tuning, but with the low E string replaced by a high E tuned two full octaves higher than normal. It plays arpeggios over E and D minor added ninth chords. The alternate stringing allows for adjacent pitches (such as the E, F♯, and G of the Em9 chord) to ring out separately on separate strings throughout the arpeggio. A fretless bass enters, also played by guitarist David Gilmour rather than usual bassist Roger Waters. Next to join in is the Fender Rhodes electric piano by Richard Wright, Gilmour's vocals, singing in the first person, as the character \"Pink\" (\"Can you feel me?\"), and overdubbed acoustic guitar and drums at the start of the second verse. In the middle is a guitar solo underscored by an overdriven Hammond Organ which is played over the album's leitmotif of the melody to \"Another Brick in the Wall\" (in E minor and A minor, rather than D minor). After the solo, Roger Waters sings the lead vocal for the rest of the song, in a narrative role, referring to \"Pink\" in the third person (\"No matter how he tried\") and then as Pink (\"don't tell me there's no hope at all\"). The bridge is a chord sequence later heard on the album as \"Bring the Boys Back Home\", ending on an E minor chord, leading to a reprise of the instrumental introduction, augmented by prominent ARP Quadra riffs. At this point, there is a piece of indecipherable whispering from the left channel. Drums and vocals then join in. At about 3:23 into the song, a sonar-like sound, similar to the ping in \"Echoes\", is heard. After the lyrics, \"And the worms ate into his brain\", the album's chief sound engineer, James Guthrie created the worm-eating sound effect by using the faintly audible sound of a hand-held power drill boring into an undefined material. When Waters sings the final verse, he does so one octave higher than Gilmour, with the highest note being the first C above middle C. Plot The Wall tells the story of Pink, an alienated young rock star who is retreating from society and isolating himself. In \"Hey You\", Pink realizes his mistake of shunning society and attempts to regain contact with the outside world. However, he cannot see or hear beyond the wall. Pink's call becomes more and more desperate as he begins to realize there is no escape. Film version \"Hey You\" was shot for", "title": "Hey You (Pink Floyd song)" }, { "docid": "20249393", "text": "Brother is the debut album by the American rock band Cry of Love, released in 1993. \"Peace Pipe\" peaked at No. 1 on Billboard'''s Album Rock Tracks chart; two other singles made the chart's top twenty. \"Bad Thing\" peaked at No. 60 on the UK Singles Chart. The album sold more than 200,000 copies. Cry of Love supported Brother by opening for Robert Plant, Aerosmith, and ZZ Top on separate North American tours. Production The album was produced by John Custer at Muscle Shoals Sound Studio, and was recorded and mixed in four weeks. The majority of the album's songs were written by Cry of Love's guitar player, Audley Freed. \"Peace Pipe\" is about the United States breaking its treaties with Native Americans. Critical receptionThe Washington Post called the album \"the usual post-Allmans compendium of blues-rock swagger, soul-man vocals and bad-love and on-the-road songs.\" The Morning Call wrote that the songs \"have a raw, naked sound built around the tough, direct playing of guitarist Audley Freed, bassist Robert Kearns and drummer Jason Peterson, plus [Kelly] Holland's soulfully sandpapered singing.\" The Boston Herald praised the \"distinct and agreeable '60s and '70s blues-rock vibe.\" The Journal Star determined that \"the straight-ahead rock, with a blues undercurrent, brings to mind basement jam sessions or a carful of friends singing to a blaring stereo.\" The Los Angeles Daily News labeled it \"unadorned, sparsely produced Stratocaster-driven rock.\" The Modesto Bee concluded that Brother \"contains straight-ahead rock that's raw and unfiltered, catching a sound that's since been urbanized and called 'grunge.'\" The Fort Worth Star-Telegram'' considered the band \"awfully derivative—sometimes annoyingly so,\" writing that \"Bad Thing\" \"is nothing more than Grand Funk's 'Some Kind of Wonderful' with a little Bad Co. mixed in.\" AllMusic deemed the album \"a near-perfect fusion of classic British hard-rock influences (read Free) and Southern rock sensibility, bringing a refreshing honesty to the dreary radio landscape of the early '90s.\" Track listing All tracks written by Audley Freed, except where noted. \"Highway Jones\" (Freed, K. Holland) \"Pretty As You Please\" \"Bad Thing\" (Holland, Freed, J. Custer) \"Too Cold in the Winter\" (Holland, Freed) \"Hand Me Down\" \"Gotta Love Me\" (Freed, Holland, Custer) \"Carnival\" \"Drive It Home\" (Freed, Holland, Custer) \"Peace Pipe\" (Freed, Holland) \"Saving Grace\" Personnel From Columbia's CK 53404 CD liner notes Audley Freed - guitars Kelly Holland - vocals, percussion, piano on \"Carnival\" Robert Kearns - bass Jason Patterson - drums John Custer - piano on \"Bad Thing\" Pepper Keenan - tremelo guitar on \"Bad Thing\" Kelly, Jason, Robert, Audley, Josh, John, Kent - hand claps on \"Bad Thing\" References Cry of Love (band) albums 1993 debut albums Columbia Records albums", "title": "Brother (Cry of Love album)" }, { "docid": "7150632", "text": "\"You Don't Bring Me Flowers\" is a song written by Neil Diamond with Alan and Marilyn Bergman for the daily TV sitcom All That Glitters. The song was intended to be the theme song, but Norman Lear, the show's creator, changed the concept of the show and the song was no longer appropriate. Diamond then expanded the track from 45 seconds to 3:17, adding instrumental sections and an additional verse. The Bergmans contributed to the song's lyrics, which tell the story of two lovers who have drifted apart while they \"go through the motions\" and heartache of life together. In 1977, Diamond released the album I'm Glad You're Here with Me Tonight, which included the track \"You Don't Bring Me Flowers\" as a solo performance. Early in 1978, Barbra Streisand covered the song on her album Songbird. These recordings were spliced together by different radio stations, creating unofficial duets, the success of which led to the studio bringing them together for an official duet recording, which reached number one on the Billboard Hot 100 in December 1978. Duet version created The roots of the duet version, as chronicled in myriad Streisand and Diamond biographies, as well as Streisand's Just for the Record... box set, revolve around WAKY (AM) Louisville, KY program director, Gary Guthrie, who spliced the two solo tracks together as a going-away present to his wife, Becky, whom he was in the process of divorcing. Guthrie's spliced-together duet version first aired on WAKY on May 24, 1978. As the real-life story behind the song unfolded, it triggered a media buzz worldwide, from Good Morning America and People magazine to the BBC. Meanwhile, a different version was prepared by Chicago's WGN radio personality Roy Leonard and producer Peter Marino. Streisand's album was placed on one turntable and Diamond's on another, and the recording was mixed 'live'. They began with Streisand singing and Diamond's vocal followed. Streisand and Diamond repeated the same lyrics back and forth to each other—there weren't any edits, and the recording was mixed in one take. The Roy Leonard Show version became so popular that years after Columbia Records released their official duet, listeners continued to call in requesting to hear the WGN version. Radio personalities Jack Hood and Gene Kruszewski of WJR-AM/Detroit also created a duet version of the song, which was a local and regional hit and helped escalate the song's novelty. Interest in the unofficial versions of the duet caused a clamor on the retail level, as the song was commercially unavailable as a duet. Guthrie sent CBS his version of the duet on July 27, and by August 3, both Streisand and Diamond had agreed to the release of a duet version. However, rather than issue any of the spliced-together versions, Columbia Records had Streisand and Diamond record a brand-new \"official\" studio version, which was released on October 17, 1978. The song reached number one on the Hot 100 chart for two non-consecutive weeks in December 1978, producing the third number-one hit", "title": "You Don't Bring Me Flowers" }, { "docid": "74484164", "text": "The Mi Casa, Tu Casa Tour is the debut headlining concert tour by Mexican-American singer Becky G, in support of her third studio album Esquinas (2023). The tour kicked-off September 14, 2023 at Boston’s Roadrunner, ending on October 15, 2023 in Los Angeles, with the final of three shows at The Novo. The live concert showcased all of the material from Gomez's third studio album in addition to her earlier international hits (“Shower”, “Sin Pijama”, “Mayores”, “Fulanito”, etc), and some songs from her debut and sophomore studio albums, Mala Santa (2019) and Esquemas (2022), respectively. Background On May 9, 2023, Gomez announced that she would be going on her debut concert tour throughout United States, in September of that year. In an interview with Variety, Gomez spoke about the tour, saying, “[The] ‘Mi Casa Tu Casa Tour’ is about inviting people into an intimate experience with me. My intention is for it to be a place where we can sing, dance, laugh, and cry, all in the comfort of our shared space,” [..] “I’ve never headlined my own tour before, so I really want it to feel personal and connect with my fans in that way, because we’ll build ‘nuestra casa’ [our home] in every city, together.” Tickets and VIP packages for the tour went on-sale on May 12, 2023, at 10 a.m.; pre-sales began on May 9, 2023, with much of the tour selling-out quickly. Set list \"Mayores\" \"Fulanito\" \"Buen Dia\" \"Bailé Con Mi Ex\" \"Cuando Te Besé\" \"Ya Acabó\" \"Chanel\" \"La Nena\" \"Querido Abuelo\" \"Cries in Spanish\" \"2ndo Chance\" \"Como la Flor\" / \"La Carcacha\" / \"Bidi Bidi Bom Bom\" / \"Baila Esta Cumbia\" \"Dolores\" \"Mala Santa\" \"Dollar\" \"Arranca\" \"Sin Pijama\" \"Mamiii\" \"Becky from the Block\" \"Shower\" Starting with the dates in Texas, the setlist was modified and surprise songs were added: \"2ndo Chance\" \"Cuidadito\" \"Becky from the Block\" \"Ram Pam Pam\" Notes September 27 – Conexión Divina joins the Mi Casa, Tu Casa Tour to open the concerts in Sugarland, Texas. October 3 – Iván Cornejo performed \"2ndo Chance\" as a special guest with Becky G for the concert in El Paso, Texas. October 7 – Pedro Vargas \"El Chato\" from the group Marca MP is the special guest to sing the hit \"Ya Acabó\" with Becky G. October 12 – Gomez performed \"Cuidadito\" with Chiquis as a special guest. October 15 – Becky G brings DannyLux on stage to sing \"Cries in Spanish\" and Natti Natasha to sing \"Sin Pijama\" and \"Ram Pam Pam\". During the song \"Dolores\" at the closing of the tour, Becky brings her grandmothers on stage to dedicate the song to them. They were the last \"Dolores girls.\" Tour dates Footnotes References 2023 concert tours Concert tours of North America Concert tours of the United States", "title": "Mi Casa, Tu Casa Tour" }, { "docid": "13259064", "text": "Downloading the Repertoire is a 1996 novelty album by American singer John \"Jack\" Mudurian (May 23, 1929 – September 30, 2013). Mudurian was a resident of Duplex Nursing Home in Boston, Massachusetts. In 1981, David Greenberger, an employee who also edited the zine The Duplex Planet, overheard Mudurian singing at a home talent show, and when Greenberger spoke to him about it, Mudurian boasted that he could sing as many songs as Frank Sinatra. Greenberger brought in a cassette tape recorder and asked him to sing; Mudurian proceeded to sing 129 songs, many from the Tin Pan Alley repertory (and several more than once), continuously over the next 47 minutes. The recording was issued as Downloading the Repertoire on Arf! Arf! Records in 1996, and it became a cult novelty hit. Neil Strauss, writing about the recording for The New York Times, wrote: \"What is most interesting about this CD is not Mr. Mudurian's slurred, rushed singing but the way his entire life story unfolds in his selection of material.\" In a review for AllMusic, Cub Koda commented: \"[Mudurian's]... free association from tune to tune is downright astounding. No matter what kind of music you might have in your collection, it's a good bet you don't have anything that sounds quite like this.\" A reviewer for CMJ New Music Monthly described the album as \"a hysterical, bizarre tour through the history of American popular song.\" A shortened version of the music heard on Downloading appeared on Irwin Chusid's compilation of outsider music called Songs in the Key of Z, Vol. 1. Mudurian can also be heard on the compilations The Talent Show (1996), and The Tarquin Records All Star Holiday Extravaganza (2000). After meeting Mudurian, singer Jad Fair transcribed his version of \"Chicago (That Toddlin' Town)\" and performed it in his own live shows. According to Greenberger, the nursing home at which Mudurian resided closed in 1987, and the two lost touch. Greenberger, who affectionately referred to the marathon recording session as \"Jack's and my private Olympic event,\" recalled: \"That June afternoon lives on for me. Planes flew overhead, birds chirped in the trees and another resident... could be heard singing in the background from time to time.\" Songs sung on Downloading the Repertoire (in order of songs sung) Chicago (That Toddlin' Town) It's Been a Long, Long Time Why Am I Always Yearning for Theresa The Halls of Montezuma So Long It's Been Good to Know You Step Right Up (and Help Old Uncle Sam) It's Only a Paper Moon Music! Music! Music! (Put Another Nickel In) Take Me Out to the Ball Game Some Sunday Morning Any Bonds Today? Red River Valley My Bonnie Jimmy Crack Corn The Wabash Cannonball I Wonder Who's Kissing Her Now Ramona Toot Toot Tootsie! (Goo' Bye) If You Knew Susie Like I Know Susie I Don't Care If the Sun Don't Shine I Love My Baby (My Baby Loves Me) I'll See You in My Dreams Lucky Me I Don't Know Why", "title": "Downloading the Repertoire" }, { "docid": "46913458", "text": "\"Give Me Something\" is a single released from Australian singer-songwriter Jarryd James. The song was written and produced by Jarryd James and Joel Little. It was released digitally on 18 May 2015 and distributed by Universal Music Australia, with whom James signed a deal in early 2015. Lyrically, James sings about realising someone might not love you as much as you love them and scrambling for a piece of them. \"Give Me Something\" debuted at number 68 on the ARIA Singles Chart and was certified platinum in 2019. Reviews Mike Wass of Idolator said; \"'Give Me Something' is a heady rush of soul-tinged, retro-leaning pop — albeit with an extremely modern twist. Jarryd begs the object of his affection for a little more affection over squiggly synths and squelchy beats. There's a splash of Prince, a touch of Chet Faker and a large serve of something completely original.\" Wass believes the song is \"just as good — if not better than — his breakthrough hit\". Indie Trendsetters said; \"Outrageously spunky, punchy, with bold accents and a serious wow factor, Jarryd James hits a magnificent stride with 'Give Me Something'. The organ is skipping, the bass is blaring and Jarryd’s beat-driven falsetto is bringing everything together.\" Video Jarryd James released the video for \"Give Me Something\" via YouTube on 8 July 2015. In the video we see James gazing admiringly at a young blonde woman in white who's skirting the edges of a swimming pool in what looks like a contemporary, but rustic home in the middle of nowhere. Track listing \"Give Me Something\" Charts Certifications Release history References 2015 singles 2015 songs Jarryd James songs Songs written by Joel Little", "title": "Give Me Something (Jarryd James song)" }, { "docid": "22081197", "text": "\"You and Me Against the World\" is a song written by Kenny Ascher and Paul Williams, recorded by Helen Reddy for her 1974 album Love Song for Jeffrey. \"You and Me Against the World\" was the first written by Williams teaming up with Ascher, a member of his band. It began as a gag song. Williams and Ascher had a discussion about their favorite songwriters which led to the spontaneous composition on the subject whose tune, Ascher then realized, had real hit potential. The song is sentimental in its lyrics, discussing \"all the times we cried\" and \"when one of us is gone and one is left to carry on.\" Williams himself debuted \"You and Me Against the World\" on his 1974 album Here Comes Inspiration, singing it as a traditional love ballad. Helen Reddy considered the lyrics too \"paternalistic\" to be convincing as a woman's declaration of love for a man. Instead, she interpreted it as a mother singing to a child, which her version clarified by her young daughter Traci's speaking to \"Mommy\" at the start and end. Williams’s version includes additional lyrics pertaining to circus: “Life can be circus/They underpay and overwork us/Though we seldom get our due/And when each day is through/I bring my tired body home/And look around for you...” Released as the second single from Love Song for Jeffrey, \"You and Me Against the World\" reached number 9 on the Billboard Hot 100 in September 1974 and became the fourth of Reddy's six consecutive Adult Contemporary number ones. The song did equally well in Canada. Charts Weekly charts Year-end charts Cover versions \"You and Me Against the World\" had also been recorded by Ann Burton, Robert Goulet, Gladys Knight & the Pips, Vera Lynn, Johnny Mathis, Matt Monro, and Matt Monro Jr. A Swedish rendering, \"Du Och Jag Emot En Värld\", was recorded by Lill-Babs. See also List of number-one adult contemporary singles of 1974 (U.S.) References External links 1974 songs 1974 singles Helen Reddy songs Songs written by Paul Williams (songwriter) Songs with music by Kenneth Ascher Capitol Records singles", "title": "You and Me Against the World (song)" }, { "docid": "45418410", "text": "Coming Home is a 2014 PBS special featuring a concert by Kristin Chenoweth. The concert was later made into a CD and DVD. Concert and broadcast In 2014, PBS asked Chenoweth to do a concert for a special. She chose to do it in her hometown of Broken Arrow, Oklahoma. The concert featured songs from her career, as well as songs she has enjoyed since her childhood. Chenoweth performed a duet of \"For Good\" with Broken Arrow resident Axyl Langford, and the Broken Arrow High School choir providing backup vocals in \"Upon this Rock\". Chenoweth stated: \"I chose ‘My Coloring Book’ because when I was in college, my voice teacher didn’t think I understood the song, and told me to pull it out one day when I did. So I’m singing it all these years later, and she was there to witness it. I also like to reintroduce songs that people may not be familiar with, like Stephen Foster’s ‘Hard Times,’ which is from 1853 but sounds like it could have been written today. And I love to do songs that people wouldn’t expect from me, like ‘Enough Is Enough.’\" \"I’m known for musical theatre,” she continues, “but I grew up with country and gospel, and I’ve always loved standards and operas. So I figured that this live performance would be a good chance to show people the different things that influenced me and the different things I can do.\" Beginning on November 28, 2014, the concert was aired on PBS stations nationwide, as Chenoweth's first concert on television. The special was part of the 2014 PBS Arts Fall Festival. CD On November 17, 2014, a live CD of the concert was released by Concord Records. There are two versions of the album, the regular one, and the Target version with three bonus tracks. The album consists of the songs: I Could Have Danced All Night from My Fair Lady Maybe This Time from Cabaret My Coloring Book by John Kander and Fred Ebb Bring Him Home from Les Miserables Fathers and Daughters by Jodi Marr Hard Times Come Again No More by Stephen Foster Upon This Rock by Gloria Gaither and Dony McGuire Over the Rainbow from The Wizard of Oz Popular from Wicked For Good from Wicked Little Sparrow by Dolly Parton from her album Little Sparrow Wishing You Were Somehow Here Again from The Phantom of the Opera All the Things You Are from Very Warm for May No More Tears (Enough is Enough) (sung with Chelsea Packard) by Paul Jabara and Bruce Roberts I Was Here by Victoria Shaw, Gary Burr and Hillary Scott I Will Always Love You by Dolly Parton Heart of the Matter by Don Henley I'll Be Home for Christmas by Bing Crosby The album peaked at No. 48 on the Billboard 200. selling 8,000 copies in the first week. The album has sold 47,000 copies in the United States as of August 2016. Personnel Lead Vocals- Kristin Chenoweth Produced by- Jay", "title": "Coming Home (Kristin Chenoweth album)" }, { "docid": "71210697", "text": "Songbird Sings Streisand was a concert residency and tribute show by Filipino singer Regine Velasquez at the Onstage Theater in Makati. The residency began on November 14 and concluded on December 20, 2003, after completing twelve shows. The set list contained songs recorded by American singer-songwriter Barbra Streisand, who Velasquez described as an inspiration and influence. It featured Streisand's extensive catalogue in music, film, and theatre. The show was exclusively promoted by Maximedia International. Raul Mitra served as musical director for the production. Reviews for the show were generally positive, with critics praising Velasquez's vocal ability. Background and development Regine Velasquez's music was influenced by foreign artists early in her career. She has been vocal of her admiration for American singer-songwriter Barbra Streisand, who she cites as her \"musical inspiration\" and \"most revered idol\". She has stated, \"I’ve been singing [Streisand's] songs since I was 12 years old... but they are not easy to sing. They’re very difficult. The melodies are very complicated.\" Velasquez further said that she admires Streisand's \"fearlessness\" and \"dedication to excellence\". In the early 1990s, Velasquez first performed a Streisand tribute show at the Mandarin Oriental Manila's Captain's Bar which was staged for four nights. On October 25, 2003, the Philippine Daily Inquirer announced that Velasquez would return to perform a Streisand tribute show at the Onstage Theater in Makati for six nights on all weekends of November. All the songs on the show were selected from Streisand's extensive catalogue in music, film and theatre. Velasquez described the process as a \"daunting task\" and added that she hoped to include a variety of genres from \"classics\" to \"standards\". Velasquez re-teamed with Raul Mitra as musical director after their collaborations in 2001's Regine at the Movies and 2002's Songbird Sings. A week after the last performance, Maximedia added six more dates in December, bringing the number to twelve shows. Synopsis and reception The concert began with Velasquez performing \"As If We Never Said Goodbye\". At the conclusion of the song, the curtains opened to reveal rows of musicians across the stage while she transitioned directly to Anyone Can Whistles theme \"Everybody Says Don't\". She then sat centerstage and sang a medley of \"Comin' In and Out of Your Life\", \"Kiss Me in the Rain\", and \"My Heart Belongs to Me\". For the next number, she did renditions of Streisand's collaborations with the Bee Gees: \"Guilty\" and \"Woman in Love\". The set list continued with songs from the soundtrack of Streisand's 1976 musical romance drama A Star Is Born. \"Memory\" and \"Send In the Clowns\" were performed afterwards, before she closed the segment with a medley of \"With One Look\" and \"Somewhere\". The next segment started with the show tune \"Don't Rain on My Parade\" from the musical Funny Girl. Velasquez then sang \"The Way We Were\", before continuing with a medley of Streisand's duets, such as \"You Don't Bring Me Flowers\", \"Till I Loved You\", and \"I Finally Found Someone\". Shortly after, she stood next to the", "title": "Songbird Sings Streisand" }, { "docid": "64308249", "text": "Please Leave Your Light On is a collaborative studio album by Australian musicians Paul Kelly, and Paul Grabowsky. The album was released on 31 July 2020. The collection features Kelly performing songs from nine of his albums, along with the previously unreleased track \"True to You\" and a cover of Cole Porter's \"Every Time We Say Goodbye\" to new interpretations by Grabowsky. The album was announced on 17 June 2020 and in a press statement, Grabowsky said \"The performances are intimate, and shine a light on lyrical moments from the Kelly oeuvre. Paul is a generous collaborator, always listening closely to what I am doing, and giving me the freedom to bring my own interpretation to the songs. I think people will hear, and hopefully enjoy, the deep communication that we are bringing to the performances.\" with Kelly adding \"Singing with Paul is like walking a tightrope. It's as if we are acrobats together. We have to pay serious attention to one another to pull the songs off. I like that.\" Grabowsky said the album was inspired by Frank Sinatra, Nelson Riddle, Bill Evans and Tony Bennett. \"They're massive influences upon me and they've been massive influences upon this project. That was kind of a baseline for what we were trying to do.\" At the 2020 ARIA Music Awards it won ARIA Award for Best Jazz Album. Background In the early 1990s, Kelly was booked to perform \"Winter Coat\" on The Steve Vizard show in which Grabowsky was the musical director. Kelly and Grabowsky met in 1995 while Grabowsky was making a series of television programs for the ABC about different aspect of music-making called Access All Areas. Grabowsky recalls \"We talked about song writing. I was struck by the fact that Paul is driven by a similar impulse to my own, namely an ongoing fascination with music in its many forms.\" The duo first worked together on a project with the Australian Art Orchestra, called Meet Me in the Middle of the Air, which involved a ten-piece ensemble, Vika and Linda Bull and Kelly singing Grabowsky's arrangements of songs of his which all had biblical references. It toured nationally in 2010. In 2019, Grabowsky was asked to curate a series of concerts at the UKARIA Cultural Centre in Mt Barker, South Australia, in which I work in duo settings with various singers. Grabowsky asked Kelly who agreed. Kelly proposed that they record and the recording took place at Monash University Campus late in 2019. Paul Grabowsky told noise11 \"Pauls songs cover a very wide spectrum. I cannot think of another songwriter in Australia who has covered as much ground as Paul. In the same interview, Kelly said that not all of his older songs would fit this concept saying \"Certain songs are hard to do away from the way they were originally recorded. A good example of that is 'Before Too Long'. I am always trying to sing my songs differently or find new ways to do them but", "title": "Please Leave Your Light On" }, { "docid": "1616594", "text": "Ramblin' Jack Elliott (born Elliott Charles Adnopoz; August 1, 1931) is an American folk singer and songwriter and musician. Life and career Elliott was born in 1931 in Brooklyn, New York City, the son of Florence (Rieger) and Abraham Adnopoz, an eminent doctor. His family was Jewish. He attended Midwood High School in Brooklyn and graduated in 1949. Elliott grew up inspired by the rodeos at Madison Square Garden, and wanted to be a cowboy. Encouraged instead to follow his father's example and become a surgeon, Elliott rebelled, running away from home at the age of 15 to join Col. Jim Eskew's Rodeo, the only rodeo east of the Mississippi. They traveled throughout the Mid-Atlantic states and New England. Elliott was with them for only three months before his parents tracked him down and had him sent home, but he had been exposed to his first singing cowboy, Brahmer Rogers, a rodeo clown who played guitar and five-string banjo, sang songs, and recited poetry. Back home, Elliott taught himself guitar and started busking for a living. Eventually he got together with Woody Guthrie and stayed with him as an admirer and student. With banjo player Derroll Adams, he toured the United Kingdom and Europe. By 1960, he had recorded three folk albums for the UK record label Topic Records. In London, he played small clubs and pubs by day and West End cabaret nightclubs at night. When he returned to the States, Elliott found he had become renowned in American folk music circles. Woody Guthrie had the greatest influence on Elliott. Guthrie's son, Arlo, said that because of Woody's illness and early death, Arlo never really got to know him, but learned his father's songs and performing style from Elliott and, according to Arlo, Woody Guthrie once said that Jack Elliot \"Sounds more like me than I do\" . Elliott's guitar and his mastery of Guthrie's material had a big impact on Bob Dylan when he lived in Minneapolis. When he reached New York, Dylan was sometimes referred to as the 'son' of Jack Elliott, because Elliott had a way of introducing Dylan's songs with the words: \"Here's a song from my son, Bob Dylan.\" Dylan rose to prominence as a songwriter; Elliott continued as an interpretative troubadour, bringing old songs to new audiences in his idiosyncratic manner. Elliott also influenced Phil Ochs, and played guitar and sang harmony on Ochs' cover of the song \"Joe Hill\" from the Tape from California album. Elliott also discovered singer-songwriter Guthrie Thomas in a bar in Northern California in 1973, bringing Thomas to Hollywood, where Thomas' music career began. Elliott appeared in Dylan's 1975-1976 Rolling Thunder Revue concert tour, and played \"Longheno de Castro\" in Dylan's movie Renaldo and Clara accompanied by guitarist Arlen Roth. In the movie, he sings the song \"South Coast\" by Lillian Bos Ross and Sam Eskin, from whose lyric the character's name is derived. Elliott also appears briefly in the 1983 film Breathless, starring Richard Gere and directed", "title": "Ramblin' Jack Elliott" }, { "docid": "2503274", "text": "\"U Remind Me\" is a song by American singer Usher. It was written by Edmund \"Eddie Hustle\" Clement and Anita McCloud and produced by Clement along with duo Jimmy Jam & Terry Lewis for Usher's third studio album 8701 (2001). A mid-tempo R&B track, the song is about a man who meets a woman who seems like a nice catch, but he decides not to enter a relationship with her because she looks too much like an ex-girlfriend with whom he had a bad breakup. The song served as the lead American single from 8701 following the release of previous single \"Pop Ya Collar\", which was only included in some editions of the album. \"U Remind Me\" topped the US Billboard Hot 100 on July 7, 2001, and also reached the top five in Australia, Belgium, France, the Netherlands, New Zealand, and the United Kingdom. The song won Usher his first Grammy Award for Best Male R&B Vocal Performance in 2002. Its accompanying music video features Chilli of TLC as one of the female leads. Background \"U Remind Me\" was written by Edmund \"Eddie Hustle\" Clement and his sister Anita McCloud and planned to be recorded by Clement's Hustle Child at one time or another. When his manager Mark Pitts, then vice president of A&R at Arista Records, began shopping their demo of the song, it fell into the hand of L.A. Reid who thought it would be an excellent song for Usher's third studio album. While Clement acknowledged that it was \"tough to let the song go,\" Reid guaranteed them the song would be selected as the album's first single from 8701, and sent the track to Jimmy Jam & Terry Lewis to revamp parts of it. In an interview with MTV News, Jimmy Jam commented: \"It wound up being the perfect song for Usher. The beat and all that was already cool. All we did was try to bring the vocal up to par. I wanted people to hear Usher sing and go, 'This boy can sing. He's a singer.' We already know he can dance, and he's got the style and that whole thing. But I want people to just go, 'He can sing'.\" Composition \"U Remind Me\" is a contemporary R&B song written in the key of G major, and is set in common time with a moderate tempo of 92 beats per minute. The song follows the chord progression of Em7-Am7-Bm7, and the piano ranges from the low note of E2 to the high note of A5, while Usher's vocal range stretches from B2 to A5. The song's lyrics are based on meeting a woman who reminds the singer of an ex-girlfriend, and therefore cannot comfortably date her. Critical reception \"U Remind Me\" earned largely positive reviews form music critics. Billboard called the song a \"return to form\" for Usher, further describing it as a \"laid-back, catchy summertime head-nodder. Trading his trademark quick-fire rap/sung delivery for some straight-up riffing and singing, this should earn Usher", "title": "U Remind Me" } ]

[ "Sam Cooke" ]

[ { "docid": "74685967", "text": "\"Hedwig's Theme\" is an orchestral piece composed by John Williams. It serves as the main theme for the Harry Potter film series, based on the series of popular fantasy novels of the same name by author J. K. Rowling. The theme first appears in the opening credits of The Philosopher's Stone in the \"Prologue\" track, a shortened version of the full five-minute theme, which is not featured entirely until the closing credits. The track is named for Harry Potter's pet owl, Hedwig. Since being featured in The Philosopher's Stone soundtrack, the piece's main theme was further developed by Williams for The Chamber of Secrets and The Prisoner of Azkaban, and by Patrick Doyle, Nicholas Hooper, and Alexandre Desplat for the remaining five Harry Potter films. The theme has also been featured in the Fantastic Beasts spin-off prequel films, various video games, and Universal theme park attractions. \"Hedwig's Theme\" has gained status as a signature theme of the Wizarding World franchise and is widely regarded as one of the greatest and most iconic film themes of all time. Background Warner Bros. and Chris Columbus, director of the first film, initially wanted to get an idea of which composer was best suited to compose the film's score by giving different composers the task of creating a theme for a promotional short for the film. Williams, without having seen any footage from the film, composed the first draft of Hedwig's Theme for the short, which he presented to Columbus on piano. Composition The piece in its entirety is in ternary form. The first section is the most recognizable and is built around the titular Hedwig's Theme, which John Williams uses as a leitmotif to represent the magical world. The second section is built around the faster \"Nimbus\" theme, which Williams uses as a leitmotif to represent Harry's broomstick, the Nimbus 2000, and more generally, to represent fast-paced mischief and adventure. The third section restates part of the Hedwig's theme in a more intense manner than it was originally stated before leading into a coda that primarily uses material not already introduced in the piece. First Section: Hedwig's Theme The first section is in time with the tempo direction \"Misterioso\" and generally follows the key of E minor. The restrained triple meter, minor key, and dotted rhythms are characteristic of the siciliana style, with a particular similarity to Fauré's Sicilienne. Hedwig's Theme opens with a solo played on the celesta that introduces the main theme upon which the rest of the section is built. The introductory development of the main theme largely follows E minor, as indicated by the repeated E in the left hand, but in the sixth full measure, the theme momentarily enters D-sharp minor, with the left hand playing an A, the fifth of the chord. This creates tension that is then resolved in the seventh bar when the theme returns to E minor. The figure from the first two bars then repeats, this time leading into a series of chords", "title": "Hedwig's Theme" }, { "docid": "72481736", "text": "The Banshees of Inisherin (Original Score) is the score album consisting of the original score composed by Carter Burwell for the 2022 film of the same name directed by Martin McDonagh. It was released on 21 October 2022 by Hollywood Records. The album was announced with a three-track sampler debuted on the Deadline Hollywood magazine. Burwell experimented the score with approaching Colin Farrell's character through \"the child-like\" and \"Disney character\"-based music as well as fiddle-themed compositions for Brendan Gleeson's character, and non-Irish music, despite the setting in 20th century Ireland. The score received a nomination for Hollywood Music in Media Award for Best Original Score in a Feature Film, as well as Satellite Award and Golden Globe Award nomination in the \"Best Original Score\" category. Development McDonagh's regular collaborator Carter Burwell composed the score. Burwell recalled McDonagh did not want any Irish film music, despite mentioning that \"Everything else is very Irish — the accents, the clothes, the situation, the pub. He wasn’t clear with me what he wanted to do, but it’s clear that what he didn’t want it to do was for the music to leave you in Ireland. He wanted it to take you someplace else.\" While focusing on Farrell's character, Pádraic, he wrote a slow-walking music consisted of celesta, harp, marimba and glockenspiel, that seemed to work \"in terms of basically painting him like a man-child\" and \"almost like a Disney character\", as those instruments are found in elementary school. He used celesta for the twinkling effect to Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky's \"Dance of the Sugar Plum Fairy\", Mister Rogers’ Neighborhood theme, and John Williams' Harry Potter music. During the same time, he had read Grimms' fairy tales to his 11-year old daughter, in which while reading the Grimms' version of Cinderella, where the stepsisters mutilate their feet in order to fit in the glass slipper, Burwell felt the cutting of the limbs, almost not similar to the threat that Colm (Gleeson) makes, saying \"I ended up going farther down that road of making the whole story a little bit more fairytale-like\". All of the scores, mesh tonal lightness and darkness, making it easier to foreshadow the impending violence, which Burwell adds \"Eight octaves down from that, there are these big heavy, low bell tones that have these strange harmonics that are a little foreboding. I don’t think you read it necessarily at the very beginning of the movie, but pretty soon it starts to express itself more and more.\" Before scoring for the film, McDonagh used a piece of Indonesian gamelan music as a temp track for the film. Hence, Burwell layered gamelan gongs underneath the music, as \"It made it not quite so cheery. There’s something there that doesn’t quite fit, and you can’t really put your finger on what it is. There’s some mystery at the bottom of the tune.\" Burwell liked this process as \"they’re never going to get sentimental. There’s no such thing as a sad marimba line. So it kind of", "title": "The Banshees of Inisherin (soundtrack)" } ]

[ { "docid": "43485823", "text": "This is the discography of Thomas J. Bergersen, a composer whose music has been used in trailers of Hollywood blockbusters such as Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix, Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows – Part 1, Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows – Part 2, Star Trek, Star Trek Into Darkness, Interstellar and many others. Discography Volume 1 Shadows and Nightmares Dynasty All Drums Go To Hell Nemesis Pathogen Dreams & Imaginations Legend Ashes The Devil Wears Nada Power of Darkness Invincible The Human Experience (Music from the Motion Picture) Illumina Illusions Archangel Nero Two Steps From Heaven (Heaven Anthology) SkyWorld Burn Classics Volume One Miracles Colin Frake on Fire Mountain Open Conspiracy Amaria Sun Battlecry Classics Volume Two Vanquish Unleashed American Dream Dragon Seven Neon Nights Daybreak Myth Humanity Humanity is a ongoing series of seven albums created by Norwegian composer Thomas J. Bergersen, of Two Steps from Hell fame; his third through ninth solo studio albums, described as an \"evolution\" of the preceding Illusions (2011) and Sun (2014). The seven \"chapters\" each relate musically to a different theme regarding the \"ranges of human emotion and history\". Bergersen began work on the series in 2014. After six years of development, the first chapter was released in July 2020. The subsequent albums have been released in intervals of several months. Five of the seven chapters have been released as of May 2023. The series artwork was designed by Sam Hayles. Chapter I The first album, Chapter I, was released on 1 July 2020. Its theme is freedom. Track listing Chapter II The second album, Chapter II, was released on 11 November 2020. Its theme is purpose. Track listing Chapter III The third album, Chapter III, was released on 6 May 2021. Its theme is love. Track listing Chapter IV The fourth album, Chapter IV, was released on 2 September 2021. Its theme is Planet Earth. Track listing Songs for Ukraine EP Between the release of chapters IV and V, Bergersen released an additional three songs in March 2022. Composed in reaction to the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine, the EP, entitled Songs for Ukraine, was released as part of the Humanity series but not as part of the main body of work, rather as an addendum. All proceeds from the sales were donated to UNICEF. Track listing Chapter V The fifth album, Chapter V, was released on 24 April 2023. Its theme is life. Track listing Chapter VI Future release. Details TBA. Chapter VII Future release. Details TBA. Critical reception IFMCA-associated reviews website, MundoBSO, rated chapters I and II seven out of ten stars each. Charts Standalone tracks Songs that did not initially appear on any album release and are available as either commercial singles or as free downloads. Remember September (2007) — A trance-genre single released with Norwegian EDM artist Boom Jinx. Later reworked for the Two Steps from Hell track Forgotten September. Where Are You (2011) — Pop-trance with a unique style. Lyrics performed by", "title": "Thomas Bergersen discography" }, { "docid": "5032848", "text": "Lego Harry Potter (stylized as LEGO Harry Potter) is a Lego theme based on the film series of the same name and the eponymous novels by British author J. K. Rowling. It is licensed from Warner Bros. Lego models of important scenes, vehicles and characters were made for the first six films and all of the published books. The first sets appeared in 2001, to coincide with the release of the first film, Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone. Subsequent sets were released alongside the new films, until Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix. The line then went dormant for three years, with sets being released in 2010 and 2011. In 2018, it was announced that more sets based on the Harry Potter franchise would be released, including new sets based on Fantastic Beasts and Where to Find Them and its sequel, Fantastic Beasts: The Crimes of Grindelwald. Overview The main focus of the line is Harry Potter's first year at Hogwarts School of Witchcraft and Wizardry as he discovers that he is a famous wizard and begins his education. Later on, sets based on other installments and spin-offs would be produced too. In October 2021, Matthew Lewis, who portrayed Neville Longbottom in the Harry Potter films, recreated his favorite scenes to celebrate 20 Years of Movie Magic with Lego Harry Potter. In July 2022, Lego Con hosts Joel McHale and Vick Hope build their own Lego Hogwarts version using building tips from Lego Harry Potter designer, Marcos Bessa. Evanna Lynch, who portrayed Luna Lovegood in the Harry Potter films, she explores on a magical adventure through Warner Bros. Studio Tour London – The Making of Harry Potter and how they inspired the current Lego Harry Potter sets. Development Lego Harry Potter was inspired by the films of the Harry Potter series. The construction toy range was based on the films and developed in collaboration with Warner Bros. Consumer Products. The construction sets were designed to recreate the story and characters of the films in Lego form. Launch The first Lego Harry Potter sets were launched in September 2001. In January 2004, Lego owner and CEO Kjeld Kirk Kristiansen announced a change in direction for the company, which at the time was facing a DKK 1.4 billion loss, and that the company would focus on core products and not \"big, movie-related IPs such as Harry Potter\". A week later, the company clarified that this did not mean any immediate \"radical changes\", and that the Harry Potter theme would continue. However, the theme was discontinued after 2007 for a time. The original Lego Harry Potter minifigure skin tone was yellow until April 2004 when they switched to more realistic natural skin tones. In June 2009, it was officially announced by Lego that a video game, Lego Harry Potter: Years 1–4, was in production and released in June 2010. Lego Harry Potter: Years 5–7 was released in November 2011. Warner Bros. and Lego announced on February 12, 2010, that six", "title": "Lego Harry Potter" }, { "docid": "33976749", "text": "The Wizarding World of Harry Potter is a themed area at Universal Studios Hollywood theme park near Los Angeles. The area is themed to the Harry Potter media franchise, adapting elements from the film series and novels by J.K. Rowling. The attraction—the second Harry Potter-themed area to exist at a Universal resort—was designed by Universal Creative from an exclusive license with Warner Bros. Entertainment. After the successful debut of a similarly themed area at Universal Orlando Resort, Universal Parks & Resorts announced the construction of a second Wizarding World of Harry Potter on December 6, 2011. The Wizarding World of Harry Potter at Universal Studios Hollywood officially began operation on April 7, 2016. This attraction suspended operations on March 14, 2020, on grounds of the COVID-19 pandemic. Background Previous Universal Harry Potter attractions A Harry Potter themed attraction at a Universal Studios park or a Disney park was rumored in 2003. However, the rights to the Harry Potter franchise had been acquired by Warner Bros., which denied all rumors. In January 2007, About.com reported a rumor from a \"highly credible source\" that the Universal Islands of Adventure park's Lost Continent area at Universal Orlando Resort was going to be re-themed \"to the stories and characters of one of the most popular children's franchises\". Other sources followed up in the next few days with unofficial confirmation that the new area would involve Harry Potter. On May 31, 2007, Universal, in partnership with Warner Bros., officially announced that the Wizarding World of Harry Potter would be added to Islands of Adventure. After a -year construction period, the area officially opened to the public on June 18, 2010. This resulted in attendance at the park jumping approximately 50% in its first year of operation. On July 8, 2014, Universal opened an expansion to the Wizarding World at Universal Studios Florida, Diagon Alley, which was placed in the former Amity Island area of the park. This expansion also included the new ride experience: The Hogwarts Express, in which a train travels between the two Universal Florida Parks, from the Hogsmeade area to Kings Cross Station (right outside of the entrance to Diagon Alley). A week later, on July 15, 2014, Universal opened the Wizarding World of Harry Potter at Universal Studios Japan. Rumors and official announcement On December 1, 2011, the Wall Street Journal reported a rumor from \"people familiar with the matter\" that Universal Studios Hollywood was going to add its version of Islands of Adventure's Wizarding World of Harry Potter. The report also detailed the possibility that Universal Parks & Resorts would open additional Harry Potter-themed areas at Universal Studios Singapore and Universal Studios Japan as well as a location in Spain. This report was widely relayed by other media sources. On December 6, 2011, Universal Studios Hollywood announced the Wizarding World of Harry Potter. Universal Parks & Resorts executives Tom Williams and Ron Meyer were accompanied by Warner Bros. executives, the Governor of California Jerry Brown as well as James and", "title": "The Wizarding World of Harry Potter (Universal Studios Hollywood)" }, { "docid": "38290297", "text": "{{Infobox musical | name = A Very Potter Senior Year | image = VeryPotterSeniorYear.png | alt = | caption = | music = Clark BaxtresserPierce SiebersA. J. Holmes | lyrics = Clark BaxtresserPierce SiebersA. J. Holmes | book = Matt LangNick LangBrian Holden | basis = Harry Potterby J. K. Rowling | productions = 2012 LeakyCon | awards = }}A Very Potter Senior Year (often shortened to AVPSY) is a musical written by Matt Lang, Nick Lang, and Brian Holden with songs by Clark Baxtresser, Pierce Siebers, A. J. Holmes, and additional songs by Darren Criss. It is the conclusion of the Very Potter trilogy of Harry Potter-inspired musicals produced over four years by StarKid Productions. Rather than a full musical, as with its previous installments, the production took the form of a live staged reading of the script with performances of the songs at LeakyCon in Chicago, Illinois, on August 11, 2012. It featured nearly all of the StarKid actors and actresses who had starred in previous StarKid shows to date, including actor Darren Criss, who returned to the company to reprise his role as Harry Potter, and Evanna Lynch as Luna Lovegood, who played the character in the original film series. The script and soundtrack became available in December 2012, and official footage of the musical was released on the StarKid YouTube channel on March 15, 2013. In March 2013, it had reached over 400,000 views, making the StarKid Productions page the most viewed of the month and has gone on to reach over 600,000 views. On the YouTube recording, Darren Criss' microphone did not record and, consequently, all of his audio had to be pulled from different mics. The story is a parody, based on several of the Harry Potter novels (particularly Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets and Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince) by J. K. Rowling, as well as their film counterparts. Synopsis Act I Luna Lovegood and Neville Longbottom wander the Department of Mysteries, chased by Death Eaters. The Death Eaters retrieve Tom Riddle's diary from a safe in the Ministry, but this is taken from them by Ron, who rescues Luna and Neville. The three join Hermione outside the Room of Death, but are again surrounded by foes (\"This Is The End\"). Harry appears and rescues the group. Mad-Eye Moody enters the scene, who Harry reveals to be Barty Crouch Jr. Crouch is apprehended by the Wizard Cops. Crouch leaves Harry with the ominous message that with the Death Eater's gone, his fame will fade. Harry presents his girlfriend, Ginny, with Riddle's diary. Ron reveals his insecurities in his and Hermione's relationship due as she hasn't kissed him in several years. Harry realises he doesn't know what to do after leaving Hogwarts. Ron is given the keys to the family car, and he flies Harry, Hermione, and Ginny to Hogwarts to start the school year (\"Senior Year\"). They crash the car, killing Professor Sprout and the school's mandrakes, but Draco saves", "title": "A Very Potter Senior Year" }, { "docid": "47114712", "text": "The Hogwarts Express is an broad gauge cable railway, people mover, and attraction within the Universal Orlando Resort in Orlando, Florida, United States. The route runs between Hogsmeade station in the Islands of Adventure theme park and King's Cross station in the London area of the Universal Studios Florida theme park. It provides a connection between the Diagon Alley and Hogsmeade areas which, together, form The Wizarding World of Harry Potter, based on the Harry Potter film series. The system, which was manufactured by the Doppelmayr/Garaventa Group, is operated with two replicas of the fictional Hogwarts Express. The two directions of travel show two different videos. Because the trains transport guests between stations in two separate theme parks, riders must have an admission pass valid for both theme parks, with ticket inspectors checking prior to boarding. The Hogwarts Express soft-opened to the public on July 1, 2014, before officially opening seven days later along with the rest of the Diagon Alley expansion. The service was immediately popular and within one month of opening, one million journeys had been made. History The idea of creating a Hogwarts Express-related element came from Mark Woodbury, the president of Universal Creative. After the opening of the Hogsmeade attraction at the Islands of Adventure theme park in 2010, Universal began considering how to keep attendance balanced between the adjacent parks. At first, the creative team considered putting Diagon Alley within Islands of Adventure. Eventually they decided that the London and Hogsmeade environments should not be visible from each other. As a result, Woodbury proposed building Diagon Alley in Universal Studios Florida and then connecting the two Harry Potter-themed lands. Several means of transport were proposed for the connector before planners settled on the idea of the Hogwarts Express train. In early 2011, construction surveying was spotted in the Lost Continent section of Islands of Adventure, and the resort had begun surveying visitors about a possible expansion. This led to rumors that Universal Orlando was planning to expand The Wizarding World of Harry Potter. At the end of the year, the resort announced the Jaws: The Ride would close on January 2, 2012, to make way for Harry Potter and the Escape from Gringotts. Almost two and a half years later, WESH-TV, the local NBC affiliate for the Orlando/Central Florida area, reported that an elevated track system had been installed at Universal Orlando and that the track ran between Hogsmeade in Islands of Adventure and a construction area in Universal Studios Florida. In May 2013, Universal Orlando announced the expansion of Wizarding World of Harry Potter, Diagon Alley, along with the Hogwarts Express train, to be located on the former site of the Jaws attraction. By the end of August 2013, all six passenger cars and both tenders were ready to be assembled on the track. The first of the two trains was installed on the track on October 24, 2013. The second train was placed on the track in early December 2013. On December 2,", "title": "Hogwarts Express (Universal Orlando Resort)" }, { "docid": "17850347", "text": "Neil Stephen Cicierega ( ; born August 23, 1986) is an American filmmaker, YouTuber, animator, and musician. He is known as the creator of Potter Puppet Pals, \"The Ultimate Showdown of Ultimate Destiny\", and multiple music albums under the name Lemon Demon. He also released a series of mashup albums under his own name that have since gained a cult following. Early life Neil Stephen Cicierega was born in Bridgewater, Massachusetts, on August 23, 1986. His father was a programmer, which meant he was surrounded by computers while growing up. He has a brother and two sisters. His sister, Emmy, went on to become a storyboard artist for animated series such as Gravity Falls, The Owl House, and the reboot of DuckTales. At a young age, Cicierega started using a simplistic game developing program named Klik & Play. Beginning in the fourth grade, his parents homeschooled him and his siblings. He continued making amateur games, and began creating digital music to feature in them; he soon shared his music online through MP3.com under the name Trapezoid, which was later renamed to the anagram \"Deporitaz\" at the behest of another band already named Trapezoid. He also began composing MIDI music fragments that were referenced in his later works. Career Animutation Cicierega was first known for a series of dadaist or surrealist Flash animations he termed \"Animutation\". Animutations feature arbitrary, nonsensical scenes and pop culture imagery and are typically set to novelty or foreign music, often from the Japanese version of Pokémon. Potter Puppet Pals Cicierega's Potter Puppet Pals is a comedy series which parodies the book series Harry Potter. It originated as a pair of Flash animations on Newgrounds in 2003, and later resurfaced in the form of a series of live action puppet shows released onto YouTube and PotterPuppetPals.com, starting in 2006. The central characters of the Harry Potter series are portrayed simply by puppets. The most successful Potter Puppet Pals video, The Mysterious Ticking Noise, currently has over 204 million views (). Cicierega has done puppetry live at Harry Potter-themed events. Lemon Demon Since 2003, Cicierega has released 10 full-length albums under his musical project Lemon Demon. In 2005, he and animator Shawn Vulliez released a Flash animated music video \"The Ultimate Showdown of Ultimate Destiny\" on Newgrounds. The song was later included in the 2006 album Dinosaurchestra. An updated recording of the song was released to the Rock Band Network in 2010. In April 2009, Cicierega released his first four albums as free downloads on his site \"neilcic.com\"; however, they are now currently hosted on \"lemondemon.com\". In January 2016, Cicierega announced Spirit Phone, a full-length Lemon Demon album released on February 29, 2016. On July 10, 2018, it was announced that copies of the album on CD, cassette tape and vinyl would be sold through Needlejuice Records, who would later distribute remastered versions of Lemon Demon's Christmas EP I Am Become Christmas, as well as Nature Tapes, View-Monster, Dinosaurchestra, Damn Skippy, and Hip to the Javabean. The Mouth", "title": "Neil Cicierega" }, { "docid": "39424794", "text": "Harry Potter and the Escape from Gringotts is an indoor steel roller coaster designed by Universal Creative and built by Intamin at Universal Studios Florida, a theme park located within the Universal Orlando Resort. Similar to dark rides, the roller coaster utilizes special effects in a controlled-lighting environment and also employs motion-based 3-D projection of both animation and live-action sequences to enhance the experience. The ride, which is themed to the Gringotts Wizarding Bank, became the flagship attraction for the expanded Wizarding World of Harry Potter when it opened on July 8, 2014. History Universal Parks & Resorts, in partnership with Warner Bros., officially announced the addition of The Wizarding World of Harry Potter to Islands of Adventure on May 31, 2007. The area officially opened in the Islands of Adventure theme park on June 18, 2010. The Harry Potter-themed area saw attendance at Islands of Adventure rise by as much as 36% in 2010. According to Jason Garcia of the Orlando Sentinel, this led to resort executives pondering \"when to expand Wizarding World and how to keep business balanced between Islands and Universal Studios Florida\". In April 2011, Brady MacDonald of the Los Angeles Times speculated that an area expansion would include the addition of Diagon Alley and a Gringotts-themed dark ride in place of the Lost Continent themed area in the park. On December 6, 2011, Universal park officials confirmed that an expansion would take place and described it as \"significant\". The announcement was made four days after the park confirmed the removal of Jaws, a ride scheduled to close permanently on January 2, 2012. Demolition of the Jaws ride and the surrounding Amity area began soon after its closure. After the site was levelled, work began on land reclamation as well as the construction of a series of buildings, including a large show building for the Gringotts ride. Further details about the expansion were announced on May 8, 2013, confirming new feature attractions themed after Diagon Alley and London. On January 23, 2014, the name of the area's flagship attraction was revealed to be Harry Potter and the Escape from Gringotts. It was later described as a \"virtual reality roller coaster\" by Entertainment Weekly as additional details were released in May 2014. The new ride opened on July 8, 2014, alongside other attractions in the new Diagon Alley section of the park. The building housing the attraction features a dragon statue perched over the entrance that utilizes special effects to simulate the breathing of fire. Upon opening, the wait times would reach up to seven hours long. Ride experience Harry Potter and the Escape from Gringotts is an indoor steel roller coaster with a track length of approximately . The ride encompasses motion-based vehicles, detailed sets, physical effects, and 3D projection screens similar to those found on Transformers: The Ride 3D and The Amazing Adventures of Spider-Man. The ride's storyline is set during the events portrayed in Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows – Part 2, when", "title": "Harry Potter and the Escape from Gringotts" }, { "docid": "60578017", "text": "Lumos is the fourth studio album by indie rock band Harry and the Potters, released on June 21, 2019. The album is composed of songs inspired by the seventh novel in the Harry Potter book series. Writing and recording At a live show on March 30, 2018, Harry and the Potters debuted new material, which they announced would be included on a new studio album focused on The Deathly Hallows. Soon thereafter, Brad Mehlenbacher, the drummer and guitarist for the wizard rock band Draco and the Malfoys, confirmed that he helped the DeGeorge brothers arrange the songs, and that he would also be playing drums on the new record. The DeGeorges later announced that the album would also feature the anti-folk musician Kimya Dawson as a guest vocalist. Dawson's parts were recorded at the Lawrence, Kansas public library. The majority of the album was recorded at Bang-a-Song Studios in Gloucester, MA, making it their first full-length album to be recorded in a professional studio. A demo of \"The Banality of Evil (Song for Albert Runcorn)\" was released on September 1, 2018 as part of that year's \"Wizard Rock Sampler\". Promotion and release On April 23, 2019, the band unveiled a Kickstarter to help recoup the cost of recording the album, which they revealed was named Lumos. Backers could also choose rewards that included an additional album entitled Mostly Camping, as well as a vinyl single featuring the short song \"Harry Potter Boogie.\" Track list \"Lumos\" 2:48 \"You're Not the Wizard\" 3:04 \"Good Riddance (Privet Drive)\" 2:57 \"The Trace\" 2:24 \"On the Importance of Media Literacy Under Authoritarian Rule\" 2:56 \"Hermione's Army\" 4:34 \"What Happened to the Cat?\" 1:35 \"The Banality of Evil (Song for Albert Runcorn)\" 2:17 \"Gone Campin'\" 4:17 \"Where's Ron?\" 4:04 \"No Pureblood Supremacy\" 3:28 \"Voldemort in Your Head\" 1:55 \"The Sword, the Cup, and the Dragon\" 4:39 \"The Cloak\" 2:29 \"The Stone\" 9:30 \"The Wand\" 4:15 Personnel Harry and the Potters Paul DeGeorge vocals, guitar, baritone saxophone and melodica Joe DeGeorge vocals, keyboard, tenor saxophone, glockenspiel and theremin Studio musicians Brad Mehlenbacher drums Kimya Dawson vocals on \"Where's Ron\" Others Andrew Huang - \"Dragon\" on \"The Sword, the Cup, and the Dragon\" Production Recorded at Bang-a-Song Studios and the Lawrence, Kansas Public Library Engineered by Warren Babson and Tony Goddess Produced by Harry and the Potters Artwork Design by Dan McCarthy References Bibliography 2019 albums Lumos", "title": "Lumos (album)" }, { "docid": "496615", "text": "Animutation or fanimutation is a form of web-based computer animation, typically created in Adobe Flash and characterized by unpredictable montages of pop-culture images set to music, often in a language foreign to the intended viewers. It is not to be confused with manual collage animation (e.g., the work of Stan Vanderbeek and Terry Gilliam), which predates the Internet. History Animutation was popularized by Neil Cicierega. Cicierega claims to have been inspired by several sources, including bizarre Japanese commercials and Martin Holmström's \"Hatten är din\" Soramimi-style video made for the \"Habbeetik\" song by Azar Habib. The term animutation is a portmanteau of animation and mutation and was popularized in 2001 through Cicierega's flash animations such as Japanese Pokerap and Hyakugojyuuichi!!, which feature the credits music from older episodes of Pokémon. The popularity of Hyakugojyuuichi!! quickly made it an Internet phenomenon. Since that time, others have adopted a similar style and communities of similarly minded animators have sprung up around the web. These versions made by fans were christened \"fanimutations\". Recurring themes Audio Animutations can be based on songs of foreign, independent, or mainstream origin. Japanese songs were used in many of the original animutations by Neil Cicierega, but newer animutations use songs in a wide variety of languages, including English, Dutch and gibberish. The foreign language songs are often \"misheard\" into English by the creators and added as subtitles. The words are not translations but soramimis, English words that sound roughly the same as the original lyrics. For example, the animutation title \"French erotic film\" is a soramimi of the original Dutch lyrics \"Weet je wat ik wil\" in an Ome Henk song. The actual translation of the lyrics is \"Do you know what I want?\" Recurring motifs Though animutations are close in relation to the random nonsense of dadaism and can be entirely unpredictable, they sometimes exhibit recurring memes among them as a result of being influenced by each other and internet culture. Among the many recurring motifs found in animutations are: The inclusion of Canadian comedian Colin Mochrie from Whose Line Is It Anyway? Regularly, a picture of Mochrie's head superimposed into a crudely drawn sun is also used. This inclusion is largely due to Neil Cicierega's fixation on the comedian. The inclusion of Harry Potter in various forms, often edited in a bizarre fashion. Neil Cicierega, also a creator of the Potter Puppet Pals, is responsible from the outset explosion of Harry Potter's use in animutation, most notably starting in Hyakugojyuuichi. Obscure pop-culture references, typically catchphrases or images. Random cartoon characters, usually from children's television programs or anime, although obscure characters are also used. Non-traditional interfaces While many flash animations have a \"replay button\" at the end, animutations often use a silly graphic which animates when interacted with, included with instructions on how to replay the animutation. For instance, at the end of Cold Heart, the title character is holding a package of Mentos mints, which serves as the replay button. The package slightly increases in size when", "title": "Animutation" }, { "docid": "32074284", "text": "Jo Blankenburg is a German composer based in Los Angeles. He writes music for film and motion picture advertising. His primary musical instrument is the piano. Early life and education Blankenburg was born and raised in Munich, Germany. He has completed a Film Scoring and Orchestration course at Berklee College of Music. He was trained to play organ. Career Blankenburg once won the MTV Europe Songwriting Contest. Some of his most popular tracks have been used in the advertising campaigns of The Hunger Games, Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows, X-Men: First Class, and How To Train Your Dragon among many others. A solo album Vendetta was released in 2011 by Position Music. This album's songs of have been used for the advertising campaigns of many major movies and television shows. Another solo album, Elysium, was recorded with Capellen Orchestra & Choir in Zlín, Czech Republic. The album was released in 2012 on Position Music. Blankenburg's \"Fearmonger\" from his 2020 album Vanguard was chosen for the Netflix series Shadow & Bone soundtrack. Personal life Blankenburg resides in Los Angeles, but has also resided in New York City and Auckland, New Zealand. Albums Floatovations Jo Blankenburg's debut album, Floatovations, published by Zero Latency, was released on January 9, 2007. The album comprised five meditative compositions with an ocean/sea theme. Vendetta An album composed by Jo Blankenburg for Position Music, released on March 21, 2011. Its songs were used for major motion advertising campaigns for Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows, X-Men: First Class and The Twilight Saga: Breaking Dawn among many others. Elysium Elysium was released on July 31, 2012 by Position Music, following the success of Vendetta. Trailer music 2009 – The Wolfman 2009 – How To Train Your Dragon 2009 – FlashForward 2011 – \"Dystopic\" for featurette X-Men: First Class 2011 – \"Satorius\" for TV Spot Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows 2011 – \"Conquest of Antaria\" for Featurette Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows 2011 – \"Juggernaut\" and \"Satorius\" for America's Got Talent 2011 – \"Vendetta\" and \"Satorius\" for TV Spot The Twilight Saga: Breaking Dawn 2011 – \"Vendetta\" for Home Video Trailer Rise of the Planet of the Apes 2011 – \"Enamorus\" for Far Cry 3 2012 – \"Apophis\" for TV Spot The Hunger Games 2012 – \"Illumielle\" for the official Christmas television advert for British department store Debenhams 2013 – \"Imperatrix Mundi\" for 300: Rise of an Empire 2014 – \"Garador's Flight\" for ABC News intro music at 05:30 for the switchover from BBC World Service 2018 - \"Hiraeth\" for Kingdom Come: Deliverance 2019 - \"Play the Ponies\" for Knives Out 2020 - \"The Magellan Matrix\" for Wonder Woman 1984 Credits 2005 – \"Shortfilm: The World Beneath\" 2005 – \"Documentary: Ticket\" 2006 – \"Documentary: Poetry\" 2006 – \"Feature Film: Stages\" 2007 – \"Music Video: Vahveraasio\" 2007 – \"Shortfilm: Omega99\" 2007 – \"Music Video: Planet Earth Forever\" 2008 – \"Shortfilm: Squalid\" 2008 – \"Four orchestral pieces for Immediate Music 2009 – \"Music for Congolese opera\" 2009 –", "title": "Jo Blankenburg" }, { "docid": "1865634", "text": "John Granger is a speaker and writer whose principal focus is the intersection of literature, faith, and culture. He is most well known as the author of several books analysing J.K. Rowling's Harry Potter novels. He writes a weblog called Hogwarts Professor.' Education Granger was born in Corning, New York and grew up in Mountain Lakes, New Jersey. He graduated from Phillips Exeter Academy and the University of Chicago, where he studied classical languages and literature. Granger has a Master of Fine Arts (Creative Writing) from Oklahoma City University and a PhD in English Literature from Swansea University (Wales). Previously he taught Latin and English at The Asheville School, Peninsula College, and Valley Forge Military Academy. Granger served for 6 years in the US Marine Corps including postings at the Air Ground Combat Center in 29 Palms, California, and at Camp Butler, Okinawa, Japan. He is married to Mary, is a reader in the Eastern Orthodox Church, and has seven children. Focus Described as \"The Dean of Harry Potter Scholars\" his specialisation is iconological literary criticism, reading at four layers: the surface, moral, allegorical, and sublime (anagogical). Writing about Harry Potter from this perspective, he introduced the 'Eliade thesis' to suggest a textual cause for Potter mania explaining Rowling's use of Christian Symbolism and Rowling's use of literary alchemy. Granger has demonstrated Rowling's use of 'ring composition' or chiasmus story scaffolding and eye symbolism in the Harry Potter novels, and argued that her eye symbolism in Deathly Hallows and the King's Cross scene Rowling describes as \"the key\" to the seven novels suggests her baseline theme is \"transformed vision\". Granger brings the same literary criticism model to the allegorical and anagogical aspects of Stephenie Meyer's Twilight Saga, Suzanne Collins' Hunger Games trilogy and C. S. Lewis’ Chronicles of Narnia.He has been a featured speaker at Harry Potter conferences in Orlando, Las Vegas, Toronto, Los Angeles, Philadelphia, Illinois, San Francisco, Chicago, Chestnut Hill, Washington, D.C., St Andrews and Ottawa in addition to giving talks and classes on symbolist literature and iconological criticism at schools and other venues around the US. Granger has been a guest speaker at the Torrey Honors Institute at Biola University, California, Pepperdine, Washington & Lee, La Salle, Cornell, Penn, Yale, University of Chicago, Baylor, St Andrews, the Wade Center at Wheaton College, Loyola, Augustana, UNC, USC, the New York C. S. Lewis Society, New York Public Library, and the Past Watchful Dragons C. S. Lewis Conference. He has given more than 100 radio, newspaper, and television interviews and is featured in the A&E Special 'Secrets of Harry Potter' that is an Order of the Phoenix DVD Extra.http://www.familystorytelling.net/2006/06/harry-potter-ii-interview-with-john.html Criticism In respect to the Harry Potter series, Granger holds, contrary to several Christian critics of the series – including Berit Kjos and Richard Abanes – that the books' magic is incantational rather than invocational, and, as such, require and support a Christian worldview rather than undermine it. Granger has debated Abanes and Catholic Potter critic Michael O’Brien on the", "title": "John Granger" }, { "docid": "23217237", "text": "Wizard People, Dear Reader, released in 2004, is an unauthorized alternative soundtrack to Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone, written by Brad Neely, a comic book artist from Fort Smith, Arkansas. Wizard People, Dear Reader is a narrative retelling of the lives of the characters of The Philosopher's Stone and the world in which they live. Presented in the form of a thirty-five chapter audiobook, this soundtrack is intended to replace the film's audio track. Origins Brad Neely, in an interview with Chief magazine, described the beginning of the idea as follows: Anyway, we were at a bar and were getting a good laugh at a guy who was playing pool all by himself while wearing a hoody over his hat, sunglasses under that and headphones on the outside of all of it. So we started riffing on \"What could he possibly be listening to?\". Someone who I don't think was me said that he was listening to a book on tape of Harry Potter. And out came the Wizard People narrator. I joked that night that I was going to rush home and record an entire misinformed book on tape of The Sorcerer's Stone, because I had not and have not ever read any Harry Potter books. Once I started making notes for it I realized that an audio track alone could get boring, so I decided to sync it with the movie. Then I took a week or two and made the damn thing. I love it. Presentations In 2004, the New York Underground Film Festival rented a print of the film from Warner Bros., screened it with the sound off, and played Neely's soundtrack instead. Shortly thereafter, website Illegal Art made Neely's work available for free download. In the following year, Neely also performed Wizard People live in several cities, until Warner Bros. took action against theatres that had rented prints, and forced them to cancel the shows. Rather than taking legal action, however, Warner Bros. reportedly told theaters which had scheduled a performance of the show that further movies produced by the studio would be withheld unless the dates were cancelled. Carrie McLaren, whose website Illegal-art.net promoted the work, claimed that Neely's use of appropriated plot, characters and themes interlaced with humor constituted a separate work of art in its own right. Humor and writing style In Wizard People, Dear Reader, Neely's writing ranges from simple childish mockery, to criticism of the acting and set design, to awkward metaphors, to over-dramatic philosophical speeches. Harry himself is repeatedly referred to as a god, references are made to the \"stockpiles of nuclear-level energy\" that are his powers, and so on. At one point, Harry calls himself a \"beautiful animal\" and a \"destroyer of worlds\". He also repeatedly affirms that he is \"Harry fucking Potter\". Numerous references are made to characters taking out unseen flasks or drinking alcohol, and Harry is mentioned as being \"drunk every day before noon.\" Hermione (\"Harmony\") is repeatedly described as incredibly ugly, Snape (\"Snake\")", "title": "Wizard People, Dear Reader" }, { "docid": "5917482", "text": "Writer J. K. Rowling cites several writers as influences in her creation of her bestselling Harry Potter series. Writers, journalists and critics have noted that the books also have a number of analogues; a wide range of literature, both classical and modern, which Rowling has not openly cited as influences. This article is divided into three sections. The first section lists those authors and books which Rowling has suggested as possible influences on Harry Potter. The second section deals with those books which Rowling has cited as favourites without mentioning possible influences. The third section deals with those analogues which Rowling has not cited either as influences or as favourites but which others have claimed bear comparison with Harry Potter. Acknowledged influences Rowling has never openly credited any single author with inspiration, saying, \"I haven't got the faintest idea where my ideas come from, or how my imagination works. I'm just grateful that it does, because it gives me more entertainment than it gives anyone else.\" However, she has mentioned a number of favourite authors as probable influences in her creation of Harry Potter. The works are listed roughly in order of publication. British folklore and mythology Rowling has said, \"I've taken horrible liberties with folklore and mythology, but I'm quite unashamed about that, because British folklore and British mythology is a totally bastard mythology. You know, we've been invaded by people, we've appropriated their gods, we've taken their mythical creatures, and we've soldered them all together to make, what I would say, is one of the richest folklores in the world, because it's so varied. So I feel no compunction about borrowing from that freely, but adding a few things of my own.\" The Iliad When an interviewer said that saving Cedric's body resembled the actions of Hector, Achilles, and Patroclus in the Iliad, Rowling said, \"That's where it came from. That really, really, really moved me when I read that when I was 19. The idea of the desecration of a body, a very ancient idea... I was thinking of that when Harry saved Cedric's body.\" The Bible A number of commentators have drawn attention to the Biblical themes and references in J. K. Rowling's final Harry Potter novel, Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows. In an August 2007 issue of Newsweek, Lisa Miller commented that Harry dies and then comes back to life to save humankind, like Christ. She points out the title of the chapter in which this occurs—\"King's Cross\"—a possible allusion to Christ's cross. Also, she outlines the scene in which Harry is temporarily dead, pointing out that it places Harry in a very heaven-like setting where he talks to a father figure \"whose supernatural powers are accompanied by a profound message of love.\" Jeffrey Weiss adds, in the Dallas Morning News, that the biblical quotation \"And the last enemy that shall be destroyed is death\" (1 Corinthians 15:26), featured on the tombstones of Harry's parents, refers to Christ's resurrection. The quotation on Dumbledore's family", "title": "Harry Potter influences and analogues" }, { "docid": "6236236", "text": "The soundtrack to Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone (titled Harry Potter and the Sorcerer's Stone in the United States) was released on 30 October 2001. The film's score was composed and conducted by John Williams. The soundtrack was nominated for Best Original Score at the 74th Academy Awards. The film introduces many character-specific themes (leitmotifs) that are used in at least one sequel as well, although most of the themes are only used again in Chamber of Secrets. These themes include two themes for Voldemort, two themes for Hogwarts, a Diagon Alley theme, a Quidditch theme, a flying theme, two friendship themes, and the main theme (\"Hedwig's Theme\"). This main theme was reprised and developed in all eight of the main Harry Potter films, as well as the spinoff films Fantastic Beasts and Where to Find Them and its sequels, Fantastic Beasts: The Crimes of Grindelwald and Fantastic Beasts: The Secrets of Dumbledore. The soundtrack was certified gold in Canada (50,000 units) by the Canadian Recording Industry Association on 14 December 2001. It was also certified gold in Japan for 100,000 units by the RIAJ. In 2002, the soundtrack was nominated for Best Original Score at the 74th Academy Awards in which Williams took part in conducting the ceremony. However, Williams lost to Howard Shore's score of The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring. The score was performed by the London Session Orchestra at Air Lyndhurst Studios and Abbey Road Studios in London with orchestrations provided by Williams, Alexander Courage, Conrad Pope, John Neufeld, Eddie Karam, Pete Anthony, Benjamin Wallfisch and Larry Rench. It entered the Billboard 200 at 48 and also charted at 2 on the Top Soundtracks Chart. In UK, the album charted at number 19. In 2018, the soundtrack was released by La-La-Land Records as a 3-Disc CD set encompassing the complete score of the film as part of a limited edition box set featuring the scores for the first three Harry Potter films. Composition Hedwig's Theme \"Hedwig's Theme\" is the leitmotif for the film series. Often labelled as the series's main theme, it first appeared in Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone in the track \"Prologue\". A concert arrangement of the same name is included in the end credits. \"Hedwig's Theme\" has been interpolated in the fourth through eighth Harry Potter film scores, including in those by Patrick Doyle, Nicholas Hooper, and Alexandre Desplat and the spin-off Fantastic Beasts scores by James Newton Howard. It also appears in the scores to the last four Harry Potter video games, all composed by James Hannigan. \"Hedwig's Theme\" has achieved significant pop culture status, being featured as ring tones, trailer music, and other forms of multimedia. Track listing Original release Harry Potter - The John Williams Soundtrack Collection: Disc 1 Harry Potter - The John Williams Soundtrack Collection: Disc 2 Harry Potter - The John Williams Soundtrack Collection: Disc 3 Critical reception Behind the scenes James Horner was approached to compose the score for the", "title": "Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone (soundtrack)" }, { "docid": "24469329", "text": "The Wizarding World of Harry Potter is a themed area spanning three theme parks—Islands of Adventure, Universal Studios Florida and the upcoming Universal Epic Universe—at the Universal Orlando Resort in Orlando, Florida. The area is themed to the Harry Potter media franchise, adapting elements from the film series and novels by J. K. Rowling. The Wizarding World of Harry Potter was designed by Universal Creative from an exclusive license with Warner Bros. Entertainment. The first phase was officially announced for Islands of Adventure on May 31, 2007, and after a two-and-a-half-year construction period, the area officially opened to the public on June 18, 2010. The area's flagship ride is Harry Potter and the Forbidden Journey, which exists within a re-creation of Hogwarts School of Witchcraft and Wizardry. It takes riders on a journey through Harry Potter's wizarding world. The Wizarding World of Harry Potter also contains Flight of the Hippogriff, a family roller coaster, and formerly included Dragon Challenge, a pair of inverted roller coasters, which was replaced in 2019 by a new roller coaster, Hagrid's Magical Creatures Motorbike Adventure. The area also features a re-creation of Hogsmeade containing many gift shops and restaurants from the novels including Dervish and Banges, Honeydukes, Ollivanders, Zonko's Joke Shop (though it houses Honeydukes), the Three Broomsticks, and the Hog's Head. The second phase was initially announced on December 6, 2011, as a significant expansion of the existing Wizarding World of Harry Potter. On May 8, 2013, it was officially announced that a substantial portion of phase two would be constructed in the adjacent Universal Studios Florida theme park with a full scale working replica of the Hogwarts Express taking guests between the two lands. This phase's flagship ride is Harry Potter and the Escape from Gringotts, a 3D dark ride/simulator based on Gringotts Bank, the wizarding bank that appears in the book and film series. Its design is similar to Transformers: The Ride and the Amazing Adventures of Spider-Man rides but built on a roller coaster track. The remaining features are themed around London and Diagon Alley. Diagon Alley officially opened on July 8, 2014. Background Previous attempts Rumors of a Harry Potter-themed area at a Universal Studios park or a Disney park started to circulate in 2003. However, the rights to the Harry Potter franchise had been acquired by Warner Bros., who denied all the rumors. In 2001, Time Warner used this license to construct and operate the Harry Potter Movie Magic Experience at Warner Bros. Movie World on the Gold Coast, Australia; it was a small indoor walkthrough featuring many re-creations of locations in the first two movies. After two years of operation, it was removed. The Walt Disney Company and Universal entered bidding negotiations with Warner Bros. and Rowling for the theme park rights to Harry Potter in the United States. In 2004, Rowling signed a letter-of-intent with Disney, with the company intending to develop a Harry Potter section in a corner of Fantasyland, within the Magic Kingdom park at", "title": "The Wizarding World of Harry Potter (Universal Orlando Resort)" }, { "docid": "60495569", "text": "Harry Potter and the Sacred Text is an audio podcast founded by Vanessa Zoltan, Casper Ter Kuile, and Ariana Nedelman, and hosted by Vanessa Zoltan and Matt Potts, in which the Harry Potter books are read as a sacred text. Each episode, the characters and context of one chapter in the Harry Potter series are explored through a different central theme like 'vulnerability', 'betrayal', or 'friendship'. The podcast, which charted #2 on the US iTunes Charts a few months after its inception in 2016, has been described as \"Bible studies for J.K. Rowling fans\". History The project originated at Harvard Divinity School, where both founders studied and shared an interest in religion without God - with Vanessa Zoltan describing herself as \"an atheist and a Jew and a humanist\" and Casper Ter Kuile training as a minister for non-religious people. The inspiration for the podcast was a lecture by Zoltan on reading Jane Eyre as a sacred text, which Ter Kuile attended. As a fan of the Harry Potter books, he persuaded Zoltan to attempt to apply the same method of sacred reading to Harry Potter. In 2015, the duo started a weekly book club in the off-campus Humanist Hub. They chose the Harry Potter series because of its wide cultural reach and its coverage of life's big questions - like love, friendship, family and loss - with Ter Kuile noting that Harry Potter is \"often a text that people turn to in real times of trouble\". When the book club grew in popularity and gained interest internationally, Zoltan and Ter Kuile decided to turn their project into a podcast. Harvard Divinity student Ariana Nedelman, an experienced digital producer, was enlisted to help make the transition from book club to podcast production. A Kickstarter project was set up to fund the production, which successfully raised $3,549 - exceeding their original $3,000 goal. On April 17, 2020, it was announced that after the podcast went through all seven books, the podcast would restart the series with Harry Potter and the Sorcerer's Stone again. With this announcement came the news that after Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows was finished on the podcast, the host Casper Ter Kuile would be leaving, and the podcast would instead be hosted by Vanessa Zoltan and Matt Potts, an Episcopal Priest and an Associate Professor of Religion and Literature and of Ministry Studies at Harvard Divinity School, who has visited the show as a guest on numerous occasions. Format The podcast follows the composition of the Harry Potter book series; each regular podcast episode covers a chapter of the book, and each podcast season ends when the book is finished. Besides discussing a different chapter each week, every episode also has a different theme through which the text is explored, like 'love', 'forgiveness', 'duty', or 'heartbreak'. Most episodes follow the same format. Recurring segments include: Opening Story from one of the hosts (or sometimes a guest) that relates to and encompasses the theme of the episode.", "title": "Harry Potter and the Sacred Text" }, { "docid": "44334", "text": "Draco Lucius Malfoy is a fictional character and a major antagonist in J. K. Rowling's Harry Potter series. He is a student in Harry Potter's year belonging in the Slytherin house. He is frequently accompanied by his two cronies, Vincent Crabbe and Gregory Goyle, who act as henchmen. Draco is characterised as a cowardly bully who tricks and hurts people to get what he wants; he is also a cunning user of magic. He was played by Tom Felton in the Harry Potter film series. Character development Draco serves as a foil to the hero, Harry Potter and is loosely based on bullies Rowling encountered during her school days. Harry first encounters Draco's snobbish bigotry after their initial encounter at Madam Malkin's. Rowling uses the Malfoys to introduce themes of intolerance and bigotry into a setting where people are often judged solely by their blood lineage rather than their good character or accomplishments. Draco, adhering to his family's beliefs, thinks that Muggle-born witches and wizards, which he and other characters derogatorily describe by the epithet Mudbloods, should be denied a magical education. Harry's first impression that the Wizarding community is a \"magical wonderland\" is instantly shattered. Says Rowling, \"[Harry] found out that many people in power in the wizarding world are just as corrupt and nasty as they are in our world.\" Malfoy was originally named \"Draco Spungen\" in the earliest drafts of Philosopher's Stone. \"Spungen\" also appeared on her pre-canon class list, but it was crossed out and replaced with the surname \"Spinks\", while \"Malfoy\" was later added after the completion of the list. Philip Nel believes that Malfoy is derived from the French phrase mal foi, meaning \"bad faith\". In an article published in 2002, Nilsen and Nilsen argue that \"Draco\" has connotations with draconian, and that his name starts with \"mal\", a French prefix for \"bad\" or \"evil\". Many of Draco's relatives on his mother's side of the family (the Blacks) are named for stars or constellations (e.g., Sirius Black, Regulus Black, Andromeda Black Tonks, Bellatrix Black Lestrange, Cygnus Black, Orion Black). Another constellation is Draco (the Dragon). Draco Malfoy eventually named his son for yet another constellation, Scorpius. Appearances Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone Draco Malfoy makes his first appearance in the series when he and Harry meet while being fitted for school robes at Madam Malkin's, a clothing shop in Diagon Alley. Not realising that the boy in the store is Harry Potter—a child whose parents were murdered when he was one year old by the powerful dark wizard Lord Voldemort—Draco engages him in (for him) polite conversation. Harry, however, is alienated by the arrogance of Draco, who asks whether the orphan's parents are \"our kind\" (pure-blood wizards). Draco then proclaims that \"the other sort\" (Muggle-borns) should not be allowed at Hogwarts School of Witchcraft and Wizardry, because \"they've never been brought up to know our ways\". The two boys part without introductions, but meet again on the Hogwarts Express. After Draco ridicules Ron", "title": "Draco Malfoy" }, { "docid": "33976779", "text": "The Wizarding World of Harry Potter is a chain of themed areas at Universal Destinations & Experiences based on the Harry Potter media franchise, adapting elements from the Warner Bros.' film series and original novels by J. K. Rowling. The areas were designed by Universal Creative from an exclusive license with Warner Bros. Entertainment. Background A Harry Potter-themed attraction at either a Disney or Universal park was rumored in 2003. However, the rights to the Harry Potter franchise had been acquired by Warner Bros., who denied all rumors. Both Disney and Universal entered bidding negotiations with Warner Bros. and Rowling for the theme park rights to Harry Potter. In 2004, Rowling signed a letter-of-intent with Disney, with the company intending to develop a Harry Potter section within an area of Fantasyland at the Magic Kingdom park at Walt Disney World. In January 2007, About.com reported a rumor from a \"highly credible source\" that the Islands of Adventure park's Lost Continent area was going to be re-themed \"to the stories and characters of one of the most popular children's franchises\". Other sources followed up in the next few days with unofficial confirmation that the new area would involve Harry Potter. On May 31, 2007, Universal, in partnership with Warner Bros., officially announced the Wizarding World of Harry Potter would be added to Islands of Adventure. Parks Universal Orlando Resort Both theme parks at the Universal Orlando Resort in Orlando, FloridaIslands of Adventure and Universal Studios Floridahave Wizarding World of Harry Potter themed environments. Both parks include Hogwarts Express stations allowing passengers to reach both theme parks aboard the full-scale replica of the train that appears in the film series. The Wizarding World of Harry Potter opened at Islands of Adventure on June 18, 2010. It includes a re-creation of Hogsmeade and three rides. The flagship attraction is Harry Potter and the Forbidden Journey, which exists within a re-creation of Hogwarts School of Witchcraft and Wizardry. A new roller coaster, Hagrid's Magical Creatures Motorbike Adventure, which replaced the Dragon Challenge, opened on June 13, 2019. Other rides include Flight of the Hippogriff, a family roller coaster, and the Hogwarts Express. Other attractions include Ollivanders Wand Shop, the Triwizard Spirit Rally, and the Frog Choir. Hogsmeade contains many gift shops and restaurants from the book series including Dervish and Banges, Honeydukes, Ollivanders, the Three Broomsticks, and the Hog's Head. At the Universal Studios Florida theme park, another Wizarding World of Harry Potter land opened on July 8, 2014. It includes a re-creation of Diagon Alley and connecting alleys, as well as a small section of Muggle London. It includes the rides Harry Potter and the Escape from Gringotts and the Hogwarts Express. Other attractions include Ollivanders Wand Shop, a puppet performance of The Tales of Beedle the Bard, and a live performance by Celestina Warbeck and the Banshees. The area also contains many shops and restaurants from the book series including The Leaky Cauldron, Ollivanders Wand Shop, Weasleys' Wizard Wheezes, Borgin and Burkes,", "title": "The Wizarding World of Harry Potter" }, { "docid": "24370563", "text": "Harry Potter and the Forbidden Journey is a motion-based dark ride located in The Wizarding World of Harry Potter-themed areas of Islands of Adventure in Orlando, Florida; Universal Studios Hollywood in Universal City, California; Universal Studios Japan in Osaka, Japan; and Universal Studios Beijing in Beijing, China. The ride takes guests through scenes and environments in and around Hogwarts Castle from the Harry Potter series of books and films. Mark Woodbury, president of Universal Creative, described the ride as an in-depth look at the world of Harry Potter, which utilizes never-before-seen technology which transforms \"the theme park experience as you know it\". The ride first opened at Islands of Adventure with The Wizarding World of Harry Potter on June 18, 2010; subsequent versions opened at Universal Studios Japan on July 15, 2014, at Universal Studios Hollywood on April 7, 2016, and at Universal Studios Beijing on September 20, 2021. Summary Harry Potter and the Forbidden Journey uses KUKA robocoaster technology, which allows the seats to pivot while being held above the track by a robotic arm. However, the ride is not a roller coaster but a scenic dark ride. The experience includes a flight around Hogwarts castle, an encounter with the Whomping Willow and a horde of Dementors, and a Quidditch match. The ride drops, spins around, twists and turns, but does not turn upside down, though passengers sometimes lie flat on their backs. Over-the-shoulder bars are used to secure guests in their seats, and a single parabolic metal bar is used as a hand grip. At the conclusion of the ride, guests exit into Filch's Emporium of Confiscated Goods gift shop. Queue area To enter the ride, guests walk through the gates of Hogwarts and begin their journey in the dungeons where they see items featured in the movies and books. Passengers enter through the castle doors, go to the lockers, queue outside in the green house and then enter the back castle doors. Objects recognizable from the series include the Mirror of Erised, the Hogwarts House Jewels, and talking portraits, which feature the founders of Hogwarts. As guests proceed throughout the hallways, they encounter replicas of the rooms of Hogwarts castle, including the Headmaster's office, the Defence Against the Dark Arts classroom and the Gryffindor common room. In the Headmaster's office, Professor Dumbledore extends a warm welcome to all Muggles, informing them that Professor Binns is hosting a lecture on the history of the school. In the Defence Against the Dark Arts classroom, Harry, Ron, and Hermione appear from under the Invisibility Cloak, urging guests to meet them in the Room of Requirement in order to sneak everyone down to a Quidditch match. Ron tries to cast a spell, which goes wrong, and one of several special effects, such as falling snow, is triggered. Before continuing on, visitors receive a safety reminder from the Sorting Hat and several paintings in the next two rooms. Station Next, riders board an enchanted Omnimover-style bench inside the Room of Requirement, which", "title": "Harry Potter and the Forbidden Journey" }, { "docid": "27763906", "text": "Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows - Part 1 (Original Motion Picture Soundtrack) is a motion picture soundtrack to the 2010 film of the same name, composed and conducted by Alexandre Desplat. The soundtrack was nominated for the 2010 IFMCA Award for Best Original Score for a Fantasy Film and the 2010 Satellite Award for Best Original Score. Development The score for Deathly Hallows – Part 1 was composed by Golden Globe award-winning and Academy Award-winning film composer Alexandre Desplat. Desplat followed John Williams, Patrick Doyle, and Nicholas Hooper in composing music for the Harry Potter series. Williams composed the first three films, Doyle scored the fourth film, while Hooper worked on the soundtracks for the fifth and sixth films. Desplat stated that he would compose until September 2010, with the soundtrack being released on 16 November 2010, three days before the film. A three-disc Limited Edition Collector's Box Set was also released on 21 December 2010. In an interview, Desplat mentioned the inclusion of John Williams's Hedwig's Theme on the soundtrack. He said, \"We will start this summer; it will take me all summer. I will not have many holidays, but again, it's for good reason – for the soundtrack. I would take every opportunity to use the fabulous theme composed by John Williams. I'd say it has not sufficiently been used in the latest movies, so if I have the opportunity, and if the footage allows me, I'm going to arrange it...I shall make it with great honour and pleasure.\" Director David Yates also talked about the use of \"Hedwig's Theme\" in the film, stating that the theme would be present during \"anything that felt like we were being nostalgic or in a way reflective of the past.\" He went on by saying that the tone of the theme was altered to be in line with the mood of the film, as he \"wanted it to feel like it was all getting a bit distressed. We wanted to sort of fuck it up a bit.\" Desplat commented on the other various major themes that he developed for the soundtrack, saying, \"Since Harry, Ron and Hermione are now on the road being chased by the dark forces of Voldemort, they are never twice in the same place. They are constantly on the move. I alternate between themes by situation or location (the Ministry of Magic, the Sky Battle, the Burrows); themes by characters: Dobby, Dumbledore, Voldemort, Bathilda Bagshot, Lovegood, or several other characters; the Oblivation theme, which conveys their loss of innocence, as well as the sense of danger, and will be the leading them through their exodus; and themes for magical devices (the Detonators, the Locket, the Deathly Hallows).\" The recording sessions started on 14 August 2010 with the London Symphony Orchestra performing the score, with orchestrations provided by Desplat, Conrad Pope, Jean-Pascal Beintus, Nan Schwartz, Richard Stewart, Clifford Tasner and Alejandro de la Llosa. Pope, who served as an orchestrator on the first three Potter films and", "title": "Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows – Part 1 (soundtrack)" }, { "docid": "6132813", "text": "Harry Potter and the Prisoner of Azkaban (Original Motion Picture Soundtrack) is the film score for the 2004 film of the same name, the third and final score in the series to be composed and conducted by John Williams. The soundtrack was performed at Abbey Road Studios in London with session musicians, with the London Voices and the London Oratory School Schola providing vocal performances. The score was orchestrated by Conrad Pope and Eddie Karam. The soundtrack is a significant departure from the previous two, since the director, Alfonso Cuarón, wanted the music to take a different approach. It introduced three major themes: \"Window to the Past\", \"Double Trouble\", and \"Buckbeak's Flight\". Other repeating new motifs were composed for the Time-Turner, Peter Pettigrew, and Sirius Black's hunt for Harry. It was released on 25 May 2004 and charted at No. 68 on the Billboard 200 and also charted at No. 3 on the Top Soundtracks Chart. The album was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Original Score, the Grammy Award for Best Score Soundtrack for Visual Media, and the World Soundtrack Award for Best Original Score of the Year. In 2018, the soundtrack was released by La-La-Land Records as a 2-Disc CD set encompassing the complete score of the film as part of a limited-edition box set featuring the scores for the first three Harry Potter films. Track listing Harry Potter - The John Williams Soundtrack Collection: Disc 6 Harry Potter - The John Williams Soundtrack Collection: Disc 7 Track details Lumos! (Hedwig's Theme) This is the final movie in the Harry Potter series to use Hedwig's Theme in its original, gradually building form during the opening (until the credits of Deathly Hallows Part 2). This version includes a slightly more ominous celeste melody, and retains the woodwind melody, but features a short harp motif at the end. \"Double Trouble\" \"Double Trouble\" was composed by John Williams during the film's production since he felt it to be a warm welcome back to Hogwarts. The song was sung by the London Oratory School Schola, and its lyrics are taken directly from William Shakespeare's Macbeth, in which they are spoken by three witches. \"Forward to Time Past\" \"Forward to Time Past\" is heard when Hermione and Harry use the Time-Turner to go back in time. During the whole piece a ticking sound is heard, indicating that time is running out. Loads of flourishing strings overlap the four-note motif that the brass repeats rhythmically, and lastly, the little bursts of woodwind throughout enforce the sensation of movement. \"The Dementors Converge\" \"The Dementors Converge\" is heard when Harry is attempting to save Sirius Black from the Dementors. The piece mainly consists of discordant wavering strings at the beginning, but as it progresses, Williams weaves punctuating piccolos and long notes of brass that gradually build up the menacing tension. This rises to a climax where thunderous clusters of timpani and hair-raising choir are introduced only to die back down, followed by an atmospheric flutter", "title": "Harry Potter and the Prisoner of Azkaban (soundtrack)" }, { "docid": "31940332", "text": "Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows - Part 2 (Original Motion Picture Soundtrack) is a motion picture soundtrack to the 2011 film of the same name composed and conducted by Alexandre Desplat. The soundtrack was nominated for a Grammy Award, Satellite Award, Houston Film Critics Society Award, Denver Film Critics Society Award, and an IFMCA Award for Best Original Score for a Fantasy Film. The soundtrack won the San Diego Film Critics Society Award for Best Score. Development It was confirmed on the Warner Bros. website that Part 1 composer Alexandre Desplat would return to score Part 2. In an interview with Film Music Magazine, Desplat stated that scoring Part 2 is \"a great challenge\" and that he has \"a lot of expectations to fulfil and a great deal of work\" ahead of him. Desplat started writing the music in early 2011 and finished recording with orchestrators Conrad Pope, Jean-Pascal Beintus, Bill Newlin, Nan Schwartz, Clifford Tasner, Alejandro de la Llosa and the London Symphony Orchestra on 27 May 2011 at Abbey Road Studios, as stated on Pope's official Facebook page. Actress Evanna Lynch confessed in 2011's LeakyCon that she was invited to the scoring sessions, when Desplat was recording the music for the Gringotts sequence. The main theme of the film, \"Lily's Theme\", was performed by Mai Fujisawa, daughter of Japanese composer Joe Hisaishi. In the film, several tracks are re-used from previous Harry Potter films, which are not included in the released soundtrack: a variant of \"Hedwig's Theme\", originally composed by John Williams, which plays during a scene in Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets, is used twice in Part 2. The first time is when Harry, Ron, and Hermione meet with their friends in the Room of Requirement. Critics have claimed that this has added strongly to the deep, moving feelings made and the sense of hope given to the audience. The second time is when Snape is sent out of the castle, and the Order of the Phoenix takes over control. \"Dumbledore's Farewell\", composed by Nicholas Hooper for Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince, is used by Desplat in the track \"Severus and Lily\", which plays during the \"Prince's Tale\" sequence. A variant of Hooper's \"The Kiss\" from Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix also makes an appearance throughout the Hogwarts viaduct scene. The final scene of Part 2, set 19 years after the Battle of Hogwarts includes \"Leaving Hogwarts\", composed by Williams for the first film, followed by a suite of \"Hedwig's Theme\" for the end credits. Desplat spoke of the use of Williams' themes in Part 2, saying, \"Well, we all know there's one theme, which has become iconic, Hedwig's Theme from John Williams. This theme is crucial to the success of the story, and it would have been disrespectful and stupid for me not to use it at the crucial moments where we need to refer to these ten years of friendships that we've all had with these characters and", "title": "Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows – Part 2 (soundtrack)" }, { "docid": "163234", "text": "Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets is a fantasy novel written by British author J. K. Rowling and the second novel in the Harry Potter series. The plot follows Harry's second year at Hogwarts School of Witchcraft and Wizardry, during which a series of messages on the walls of the school's corridors warn that the \"Chamber of Secrets\" has been opened and that the \"heir of Slytherin\" would kill all pupils who do not come from all-magical families. These threats are found after attacks that leave residents of the school petrified. Throughout the year, Harry and his friends Ron and Hermione investigate the attacks. The book was published in the United Kingdom on 2 July 1998 by Bloomsbury and later in the United States on 2 June 1999 by Scholastic Inc. Although Rowling says she found it difficult to finish the book, it won high praise and awards from critics, young readers, and the book industry, although some critics thought the story was perhaps too frightening for younger children. Much like with other novels in the series, Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets triggered religious debates; some religious authorities have condemned its use of magical themes, whereas others have praised its emphasis on self-sacrifice and the way one's character is the result of one's choices. Several commentators have noted that personal identity is a strong theme in the book and that it addresses issues of racism through the treatment of non-human, non-magical, and non-living people. Some commentators regard the story's diary that writes back as a warning against uncritical acceptance of information from sources whose motives and reliability cannot be checked. Institutional authority is portrayed as self-serving and incompetent. The film adaptation of the novel, released in 2002, became (at the time) the fifth highest-grossing film ever and received generally favourable reviews. Video games loosely based on Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets were also released for several platforms, and most obtained favourable reviews. Plot While spending the summer at the Dursleys, twelve-year-old Harry Potter is visited by Dobby, a house-elf. He says Harry is in danger and must not return to Hogwarts. Harry refuses, so Dobby magically ruins Aunt Petunia and Uncle Vernon's dinner party. Unaware of Dobby's visit, a furious Uncle Vernon locks Harry in his room. The Ministry of Magic sends a notice accusing Harry of performing underage magic and threatening dismissal from Hogwarts. The three Weasley brothers, Ron, Fred and George, arrive in their father's flying Ford Anglia and rescue Harry, taking him to their home. Harry and the Weasley family travel to Diagon Alley for school supplies. They run into Hermione Granger and meet Lucius Malfoy, father of Draco, and also Gilderoy Lockhart, a conceited autobiographer and adventurer who is the new Defence Against the Dark Arts professor. At King's Cross station, Harry and Ron cannot enter Platform 9¾ and miss the Hogwarts Express. They fly in Mr Weasley's car to Hogwarts, crashing into the Whomping Willow on school grounds and damaging", "title": "Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets" }, { "docid": "5166221", "text": "Norman Stuart Craig (born 14 April 1942) is a noted British production designer. He has also designed the sets, together with his frequent collaborator set decorator, the late Stephenie McMillan, on all of the Harry Potter films to date. Life and career At Potter author J. K. Rowling's request, he worked with Universal Creative team to design the Wizarding World of Harry Potter at Universal's Islands of Adventure theme park. Rowling said in a December 2007 interview on the Potter podcast PotterCast, \"The key thing for me was that, if there was to be a theme park, that Stuart Craig … would be involved. … More than involved, that he would pretty much design it. Because I love the look of the films; they really mirror what’s been in my imagination for all these years\". He has been nominated for eleven Academy Awards, and has won three: in 1982 for Gandhi, in 1988 for Dangerous Liaisons, and in 1996 for The English Patient. He has been nominated for a BAFTA award sixteen times, including for the first six and last Potter films, and has won three times: in 1980 for The Elephant Man, in 2005 for Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire, and in 2016 for Fantastic Beasts and Where to Find Them. Stuart Craig has been nominated for a BAFTA Award for six films in a row, namely the first six Harry Potter films. For his work on The English Patient, Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone, Harry Potter and Order of the Phoenix, Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince, and Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows – Part 1 and Part 2, Craig was nominated for an Art Directors Guild award and won the same for The English Patient and Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows – Part 2. The Guild has also honored Craig with a Lifetime Achievement Award at the awards ceremony on 16 February 2008. Filmography As art director A Bridge Too Far (1977) Superman (1978) As production designer Awards and nominations Academy Awards British Academy Film Awards References External links 1942 births Living people Best Art Direction Academy Award winners Best Production Design BAFTA Award winners British film designers Officers of the Order of the British Empire Alumni of Norwich University of the Arts", "title": "Stuart Craig" }, { "docid": "6131993", "text": "Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire (Original Motion Picture Soundtrack) was released on 15 November 2005. The film's score was composed by Patrick Doyle, conducted by James Shearman, recorded at Air Lyndhurst Studios and performed by the London Symphony Orchestra with orchestrations provided by Doyle, Shearman, Lawrence Ashmore, John Bell, Brad Dechter, Nicole Nevin and James McWilliam. The score included three main new themes: one representing the Triwizard Tournament, one representing Lord Voldemort, and one representing Harry Potter's crush on Cho Chang. Doyle incorporated an ominous reprise of Hedwig's Theme into the score. A prominent minor theme is presented in \"The Death of Cedric\". The soundtrack entered the Billboard 200 at position eighty for the Week Ending 3 December, and also charted at four on the Top Soundtracks Chart. Songs 22-24 are the songs playing during the Yule Ball scene when The Weird Sisters band came out and played. The Yule Ball theme (\"Potter Waltz\") is derived from Symphony No. 3 by Samuel Wesley. Track listing All tracks performed and composed by Patrick Doyle except where noted. References External links 2000s film soundtrack albums 2005 soundtrack albums Fantasy film soundtracks 04 Patrick Doyle soundtracks", "title": "Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire (soundtrack)" }, { "docid": "3381404", "text": "PotterCast is the official podcast of the Harry Potter fansite The Leaky Cauldron. Its episodes are posted once per month and are typically about an hour long. In every episode, the hosts discuss particular passages, themes, and questions from the Harry Potter books and films, and they go over the Potter-related news stories reported during the previous week by The Leaky Cauldron. The podcast often includes input from everyday Potter fans, but it has also featured numerous interviews with professionals involved in making the Potter books, films, and video games. PotterCast frequently hosts contests, and it has presented a variety of themed shows, including a special wizard rock video edition and an episode for Banned Books Week 2005, in which staff interviewed representatives from the American Library Association. It also covers breaking news, such as the press conference hosted by Warner Brothers before the release of Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire. PotterCast was launched on August 22, 2005, and with episode 130 it became the first podcast to interview Harry Potter author J.K. Rowling. Segments Current regular segments Intro: A pre-recorded introduction of the show and its hosts by J. K. Rowling has been used since her appearance in episode 130. Previously, the introduction was recorded by Rupert Grint (episodes 112-129) and Matthew Lewis (for a few episodes prior to the release of Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows). News: Led by rotating hosts. Replaced the Leaky Lowdown/Newswrap in September 2007, combining them into one segment relating and discussing the past week's Potter-related news updates. Formerly hosted by Sue Upton, but had a changed title due to Sue leaving the show in late 2009 (episode 211). Bit by Bit: Premiered in October 2007. In this segment, the hosts discuss Deathly Hallows a small piece at a time (usually less than a chapter each week), progressing through the book. Wrap-up: The hosts conclude the show, tie off loose ends, announce upcoming events or issue calls to listeners to send videos, voice-mails or other responses related to a given topic. Traditionally takes place over the background music of \"The Drums\" (actually popular jazz tune, \"Sing Sing Sing.\" Starting with episode 204, it was replaced with the similar \"Wizard Wheezes\" by Nicholas Hooper from Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince). Bloopers: An occasional short segment played after the close of the show, featuring an outtake from the episode's recording. Quick Fire Canon Conclundrums: An on-and-off segment in which the hosts discuss canon related topics. Irregular segments PotterCast Acting Troupe: A segment that will span multiple episodes, featuring voice actors performing a radio play written by a fanfiction author from \"The Sugar Quill.\" The story focuses on the next generation of Hogwarts students, including Harry Potter's children in a story called, \"Albus Potter and the Founder's Fountain\". Fan Thoughts: Premiered in October 2007. Voice messages from listeners with thoughts about the current or previous week's topics of discussion. Fan Interview (\"In the Fan Corner\"): An interview with a fan who has an", "title": "PotterCast" }, { "docid": "5171334", "text": "Stephenie Lesley McMillan (née Gardner; 20 July 1942 – 19 August 2013) was an internationally recognised British set decorator. Biography Born in Ilford, Essex, but raised in Chigwell, she graduated from the Woodford County High School for Girls. She worked as a secretary in offices of Stillman & Eastwick-Field, a London-based architecture firm. She was best known for working on all the Harry Potter films. She received three Academy Award nominations for the first, fourth, and seventh films, as well as a BAFTA and Critics Choice Award nomination for the eighth in the series, which went on to win the American Art Directors Guild's Contribution to Cinematic Imagery in 2012. Between 1984 and 2012, she worked as set decorator on 28 films. 16 of these were in collaboration with noted production designer Stuart Craig, including A Fish Called Wanda (1988), Shadowlands (1993), The English Patient (1996), for which she won an Oscar, Chocolat (2000) and all of the eight Harry Potter films. Her last film was the Coen brothers-scripted Gambit (2012). McMillan excelled at handling the decoration of large sets. In a February 2011 interview, she said: \"I have been so lucky to have had the opportunity to dress these brilliant and huge sets [for the Harry Potter series] with enough time and money to do it properly, so I feel I don't really have any excuse for not getting it right. To have a set that is right for the director and makes the actors feel comfortable, that's really what I strive for.\" After completing the Harry Potter film series, McMillan and Craig collaborated on the designs for the Harry Potter theme park in Orlando, Florida, and 'The Magical World of Harry Potter', which Warner built at its studios at Leavesden, Hertfordshire, which opened in April 2012. Thomas Welsh, a former President of the Art Director's Guild, told the Los Angeles Times: \"An eye for even the smallest details—and an understanding of how they swayed the story line — set her body of work apart.\" McMillan likened winning her Oscar \"to being elevated to the peerage\". Death She died at her home in Norfolk from complications of ovarian cancer, on 19 August 2013, aged 71. References External links 21 November 2012 Interview with the British Academy of Film and Television Arts 1942 births 2013 deaths Best Art Direction Academy Award winners English set decorators People from Chigwell Deaths from ovarian cancer in the United Kingdom Deaths from cancer in England", "title": "Stephenie McMillan" }, { "docid": "49280871", "text": "A Celebration of Harry Potter was an annual three-day weekend event held on the last weekend of January at Universal Studios Florida and Universal Islands of Adventure theme parks at Universal Orlando Resort. The event was a celebration of the fandom of the Harry Potter books, authored by J. K. Rowling, and the Wizarding World franchise, including the Harry Potter film series and Fantastic Beasts film series. Universal Parks & Resorts collaborated with Warner Bros. Entertainment, who owns the franchise, and Scholastic, publishers of the book series in the United States. The inaugural event took place on the weekend of January 24–26, 2014, and the final event on the weekend of January 26–28, 2018. Event The event featured film talent Q&A sessions, discussion panels, special demonstrations, photo-ops, expos from Pottermore, the Wizarding World franchise, Scholastic, graphic designer company MinaLima, and film props and costumes brought in from Warner Bros. Studio Tour London – The Making of Harry Potter in Leavesden and Harry Potter: The Exhibition. Talent Q&A sessions, discussion panels and special demonstrations were held between the Universal Music Plaza Stage at Universal Studios Florida and the Toon Lagoon Amphitheater at Universal's Islands of Adventure, while photo-ops and expos were held between Universal Studios' Soundstage 33 and Soundstage 21. During the event's debut in 2014, the Diagon Alley expansion phase of the Wizarding World of Harry Potter at Universal Studios Florida, which was set to open that same year, was still under construction at the time, raising an expectation of the new area of the theme park among the celebration's attendees. Guests in attendance Many actors from the films have attended the celebration, some in multiple occasions, including: Matthew Lewis (2014, 2016, 2017), James and Oliver Phelps (2014, 2015, 2018), Evanna Lynch (2014–2016), Devon Murray (2014), Mark Williams (2014), Michael Gambon (2015), Robbie Coltrane (2015), Rupert Grint (2016), Bonnie Wright (2016, 2018), Katie Leung (2016), Tom Felton (2017), Jason Isaacs (2017), Warwick Davis (2017), Stanislav Ianevski (2018) and Natalia Tena (2018). Other attendees have included Kazu Kibuishi, illustrator of the 15th anniversary editions of the Harry Potter book series in the US; graphic designer company MinaLima, led by partners Eduardo Lima and Miraphora Mina, who are the graphic designers of all Harry Potter and Fantastic Beasts films; Paul Harris, choreographer of the wand combat scenes of the fifth Harry Potter film; Brian Selznick, illustrator of the 20th anniversary editions of the Harry Potter book series in the US; and Jany Temime, costume designer of the Harry Potter films, from the third to the final film. Tributes After the passing of Alan Rickman in 2016 and John Hurt in 2017, who played Severus Snape and Garrick Ollivander in the films, respectively, attendees paid tribute to both actors. After Rickman's passing, attendees gathered in front of Number 12 Grimmauld Place, outside the London area of The Wizarding World of Harry Potter – Diagon Alley, to raise their wands in his memory. This act was portrayed in the sixth Harry Potter film, after", "title": "A Celebration of Harry Potter" }, { "docid": "37141467", "text": "Frankenweenie: The Original Motion Picture Soundtrack is the film score for the Disney film, Frankenweenie by Danny Elfman, was released September 25, 2012. A separate soundtrack concept album titled, Frankenweenie Unleashed!: Music Inspired by the Motion Picture by various artists was also released on the same date. The packaging for Frankenweenie: Unleashed was distributed in a digipak CD format with phosphorescent cover art. Each album was released by Walt Disney Records physically on CD and via digital download on various online platforms including the iTunes Store. \"Wonder Volt\" by Kaela Kimura is the theme song for the Japanese version. Frankenweenie (Original Motion Picture Soundtrack) Track listing Frankenweenie Unleashed! (Music Inspired by the Motion Picture) Only the tracks \"Strange Love\" and \"Praise Be New Holland\", are actually used in the film. Artists Grace Potter, Kerli, the Plain White T's, and Robert Smith were previously featured on Almost Alice, a similar compilation album consisting of tracks from and inspired by the Tim Burton film Alice in Wonderland by various artists. Background Karen O was approached by the film's director Tim Burton with the intent of the singer writing a song especially for the film. The singer has said that her song, \"Strange Love\" was inspired by \"the same era of B-movie fright film references sprinkled throughout the film. I went in the direction of exotica and calypso stylistically because it’s quirky, good vibes music of that era, and when you throw in a Theremin solo, it’s a marriage made in heaven. I remember Beetlejuice introducing me to the genius of Harry Belafonte’s calypso record, so I wanted to give a nod to that, too.\" The brief line \"Love, love is strange,\" as well as its melody, which are repeated several times in \"Strange Love\", are drawn directly from the 1957 No. 1 hit record, \"Love Is Strange\" by Mickey & Sylvia. Track listing Charts Personnel \"Strange Love\" Karen O — vocals Jaleel Bunton – guitar, ukulele, bass, tambourine, lap steel guitar Yusuke Yamamoto — vibraphone, percussion, piano, synthesizer J. G. Thirlwell — Keyboard, electronics \"Electric Heart (Star Forever)\" Neon Trees Tyler Glenn – vocals, keyboards Brandon Campbell – bass Christopher Allen – guitars Elaine Bradley – drums, backing vocals Justin Meldal-Johnsen — programming, keyboards \"Polartropic (You Don't Understand Me)\" Mark Foster — production Isom Innis — mixing \"Pet Sematary\" Dan Monahan – production Augie Schmidt – production Joe Zook – mixing \"With My Hands\" Damian Taylor – production, mixing \"Everybody's Got A Secret\" Aaron Bruno — production Eric Stenman – engineering, mixing \"Immortal\" Kerli — leading and backing vocals Toby Gad — instruments, programming Jon Rezin – electric bass, vocal editing Josh Cumbee — string programming \"My Mechanical Friend\" Grace Potter — vocals, keyboards, machine noises, engineering The Flaming Lips Wayne Coyne — vocals, Steven Drozd — bass, drums, guitars Rich Costey — mixing Chris Kaysch – assisting Mack Hawkins – engineering \"Lost Cause\" Imagine Dragons Dan Reynolds — writer, vocals, recording engineer Alex Da Kid — writer, producer Josh Mosser —", "title": "Frankenweenie (soundtrack)" }, { "docid": "24370101", "text": "Flight of the Hippogriff is a junior roller coaster at the Wizarding World of Harry Potter section of the many Universal theme parks. It is present at Universal Islands of Adventure in Universal Orlando Resort, Universal Studios Japan, Universal Studios Hollywood and Universal Studios Beijing. Designed by Universal Creative, the first installation opened at Islands of Adventure on June 18, 2010. The new ride was a redesign of an existing roller coaster known as Flying Unicorn, which the park closed in 2008 to begin its transformation. The design change was implemented to fit the new Harry Potter-themed area that was being constructed at the park. Flight of the Hippogriff is a mild alternative to the area's more extreme rides such as Harry Potter and the Forbidden Journey. Following a successful launch, identical versions of the roller coaster were installed at Universal Studios Japan and Universal Studios Hollywood over the next several years, with the Beijing version opening with the park in 2021. History Universal Islands of Adventure Flying Unicorn was one of the first rides to be added to Islands of Adventure after its grand opening, debuting on June 29, 2000, in the park's Lost Continent area. The ride took place in an enchanted forest, like something from a fairy tale. Various signs along the queue tell the story of a wizard who found a baby unicorn's horn, which it shed (once every thousand years). He then used the horn to create this ride. The magic from the unicorn's horn is used so that it can fly. Guests rode in carts designed to look like mechanical unicorns and travel over a track to the top of the lift before dropping through various dips and turns and being deposited at the start of the track. Following the announcement of the Wizarding World of Harry Potter section in May 2007, both Flying Unicorn and fellow previous incarnation Dueling Dragons were shown to be in the new area, but it had not been confirmed whether they were to be closed and rethemed as of that time. After eight years of operation, Flying Unicorn closed on July 7, 2008, to allow construction to proceed on the Wizarding World of Harry Potter. On September 15, 2009, Universal officially revealed the attractions that would open in the Wizarding World of Harry Potter section, confirming that Flying Unicorn would be refurbished and rethemed into Flight of the Hippogriff. The attraction soft opened on June 1, 2010, under the new name of Flight of the Hippogriff. It officially opened with the Wizarding World of Harry Potter on June 18, 2010. Universal Studios Japan A duplicate of the Orlando attraction was installed at Universal Studios Japan as part of the Wizarding World of Harry Potter themed area. It opened on July 15, 2014. Universal Studios Hollywood Flight of the Hippogriff was also installed at Universal Studios Hollywood and opened on April 7, 2016. This is the first outdoor roller coaster at the Hollywood location. It is also the first", "title": "Flight of the Hippogriff" }, { "docid": "42695805", "text": "The Wizarding World of Harry Potter is a themed area based on the Harry Potter series built at Universal Parks & Resorts' Universal Studios Japan theme park in Osaka, Japan. Not to be confused with Warner Bros. Studio Tour London - The Making of Harry Potter at Leavesden Studios, it is a collaboration of Universal Parks & Resorts and Warner Bros. Entertainment. It opened to the public on July 15, 2014. It contains the Harry Potter and the Forbidden Journey ride and the Flight of the Hippogriff roller coaster that debuted at the Wizarding World of Harry Potter at Universal Orlando Resort in 2010. The village of Hogsmeade is also recreated. Two features in the Japanese park not found in Orlando are Hogwarts's Black Lake and live owls. Attractions The table below shows the different attractions across the area. See also The Wizarding World of Harry Potter The Wizarding World of Harry Potter (Universal Orlando Resort) The Wizarding World of Harry Potter (Universal Studios Hollywood) Warner Bros. Studio Tour London, studio tour exhibiting original costumes, props and sets used in all eight films References Amusement rides introduced in 2014 Harry Potter in amusement parks Licensed properties at Universal Parks & Resorts 2014 establishments in Japan 2018 disestablishments in Japan", "title": "The Wizarding World of Harry Potter (Universal Studios Japan)" }, { "docid": "23044568", "text": "Lego Harry Potter: Years 1–4 is a Lego-themed action-adventure video game developed by Traveller's Tales and published by Warner Bros. The game is based on the Lego Harry Potter toy line, and its storyline covers the first four books by J.K. Rowling and its film adaptations in the Harry Potter film series: Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone (2001), Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets (2002), Harry Potter and the Prisoner of Azkaban (2004), and Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire (2005). The game was released in June 2010 for Microsoft Windows, PlayStation 3, Wii, Xbox 360, Nintendo DS, and PlayStation Portable, Android in November 2010, OS X in January 2011, iOS in September 2016, PlayStation 4 in October 2016, and for Nintendo Switch and Xbox One in October 2018 as part of the Lego Harry Potter Collection, which bundles the game with its sequel, Lego Harry Potter: Years 5–7. Gameplay Lego Harry Potters gameplay is similar to that of most previous Lego video games, with an emphasis on collecting, exploring, and solving puzzles. Casting spells is an integral part of the gameplay, with a wide range of spells available for unlocking as the player progresses. As there are many spells available in the game, the player can use the spell wheel to select the spell. Potion-making is another integral feature; potions can help the player complete levels or, if created incorrectly, have adverse side effects such as turning the player into a frog. Changes to the mechanics of previous games include 'Student in Peril' missions, which are a group of challenges to help a student, and Polyjuice Potion, which allows players to temporarily change one of the player's characters into any other mini-figure unlocked. A major change is to the hub system. Diagon Alley serves as a hub for purchasing unlockable extras, The Leaky Cauldron works as a hub for returning to previous levels, while Hogwarts acts as a constantly evolving massive hub with the unlockable characters found by picking up their hidden portraits. The bigger areas in Hogwarts have led developer Traveller's Tales to improve the overall level design. Also included is another bonus level that allows players to customize the level similar to Lego Indiana Jones 2: The Adventure Continues. If the player is lost in-game, they can follow a trail of Ghost Studs to the next level. These do not count towards the stud total, but will guide the player to the next section of the level. However one of the collectible 'red bricks', found in the courtyard next to Herbology, gets the player an 'extra' that makes the ghost studs worth 1,000 each. The central hub is Diagon Alley and its entrance through the Leaky Cauldron. Players can access a room at the second floor of the building to watch cutscenes from the game, as well as using a notice board with pictures from where the player can play completed levels again. Diagon Alley serves as a series of stores where the player", "title": "Lego Harry Potter: Years 1–4" }, { "docid": "21653891", "text": "The Best Film... Ever! is a compilation released by EMI in late 2008. It contains what it perceives to be the best film music. Track listing CD 1 20th Century Fox Fanfare James Bond: Monty Norman – \"Main Theme\" Mermaids: Cher – \"The Shoop Shoop Song (It's in His Kiss)\" The Full Monty: Hot Chocolate – \"You Sexy Thing\" James Bond: Tina Turner – \"GoldenEye\" Rocky: Survivor – \"Eye of the Tiger\" Titanic: James Horner – \"My Heart Will Go On (Instrumental)\" The Piano: Michael Nyman – \"The Heart Asks Pleasure First\" The Godfather: Nino Rota – \"Speak Softly Love\" The Pink Panther: Henry Mancini – \"The Pink Panther Theme\" Casablanca: Herman Hupfeld – \"As Time Goes By\" James Bond: Shirley Bassey – \"Goldfinger\" 9½ Weeks: Joe Cocker – \"You Can Leave Your Hat On\" Four Weddings and a Funeral: Wet Wet Wet – \"Love Is All Around\" Star Wars Episode IV: A New Hope: John Williams – \"Main Theme\" Superman: John Williams – \"Main Theme\" The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring: Howard Shore – \"The Fellowship\" Love Story: Francis Lai – \"Love Story (Instrumental)\" Wizard of Oz: Judy Garland – \"Over the Rainbow\" CD 2 Underground: Goran Bregovic – \"Kalasnjikov\" The Triplets of Belleville (Les Triplettes de Belleville): M – \"Belleville Rendez-Vous\" Trainspotting: Iggy Pop – \"Lust for Life\" The Graduate: Simon & Garfunkel – \"Mrs. Robinson\" Highlander: \"Queen\" – \"Who Wants to Live Forever\" Forrest Gump: Scott McKenzie – \"San Francisco\" Footloose: Kenny Loggins – \"Footloose\" Back to the Future: Huey Lewis and The News – \"The Power of Love\" Ghostbusters: Ray Parker Jr. – \"Ghostbusters\" Bad Boys: Diana King – \"Shy Guy\" Flashdance: Michael Sembello – \"Maniac\" The NeverEnding Story: Limahl – \"Never Ending Story\" Mad Max Beyond Thunderdome: Tina Turner – \"We Don’t Need Another Hero\" Pretty Woman: Roxette – \"It Must Have Been Love\" Notting Hill: Ronan Keating – \"When You Say Nothing at All\" Romeo and Juliet: The Cardigans – \"Lovefool\" Godzilla: Jamiroquai – \"Deeper Underground\" Bridget Jones' Diary: Geri Halliwell – \"It's Raining Men\" CD 3 2001: A Space Odyssey: Richard Strauss – \"Also Sprach Zarathustra\" Platoon: Samuel Barber – \"Adagio for Strings\" The Good, The Bad and The Ugly: Ennio Morricone – \"Main Theme\" Kill Bill: Nancy Sinatra – \"Bang Bang (My Baby Shot Me Down)\" Dracula: Annie Lennox – \"Love Song for a Vampire\" Angel-A: Anja Garbarek – \"Can I Keep Him?\" Gladiator: Lisa Gerrard – \"Now We Are Free\" Breakfast at Tiffany's: Henry Mancini – \"Moon River\" Apocalypse Now: Richard Wagner – \"The Ride of the Valkyries\" Lisbon Story: Madredeus – \"Ainda\" Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone: John Williams – \"Hedwig’s Theme\" Ben-Hur: Miklos Rozsa – \"Parade of the Charioteers\" Finding Neverland: Jan A.P. Kaczmarek – \"Impossible Opening\" Schindler's List: John Williams – \"Schindler’s List (Orchestral version)\" Raiders of the Lost Ark: John Williams – \"The Raiders March\" Ghost: Alex North – \"Unchained Melody\" Batman: Danny Elfman – \"The Batman Theme\" The Magnificent Seven: Elmer", "title": "The Best Film... Ever!" }, { "docid": "36434466", "text": "Kathrin \"Kaddi\" Fricke, better known by her pseudonym Coldmirror, is a German YouTube creator and comedian. The pseudonym was inspired by the song \"Creatures That Kissed in Cold Mirrors\" by the band Cradle of Filth. She operates one of the most popular German YouTube channels, moderated radio and television programmes, and publishes blog and vlog entries. Early life Fricke was born and raised in Bremen and studied art history and philosophy at the University of Bremen. She finished her bachelor's degree in 2010 with a research paper about the production of video films and a film project about Internet and video game addiction. According to her own statements, she suffered from strong depression for domestic reasons. In an interview on the YouTube channel \"clixoom\" she explained that, among other things, the Harry Potter series and the desire to know how it would continue gave her energy and safeguarded her from suicide. However, she stated that this was not necessarily due to the books' exciting plots, but rather simply \"having something that you can look forward to.\" Kathrin Fricke began early, together with a friend, to record radio dramas, which laid the foundation of her creativity. In 2000 she joined the team of \"MixX\", a youth television broadcast, as voluntary editor. At this time she compiled her first own websites, where she, for example, published self-drawn pictures with fantasy plots. Her fan fictions with the characters of the Harry Potter series occupied a significant part of her website and stirred attention on the Internet. Video performance on YouTube The YouTube channel \"Coldmirror\" went online on 2 October 2006. The first videos consisted of archive material from Fricke's time as editor for \"MixX\". After this, Fricke created the videos for the most part alone. Her YouTube channel portrays a continuation of her earlier works in video form. Starting in fall 2006, Fricke re-dubbed three Harry Potter movies for comic effect: Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone in Harry Potter und ein Stein (i.e. Harry Potter and a Stone), Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets in Harry Potter und der geheime Pornokeller (i.e. Harry Potter and the Secret Porn Cellar) and Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire in Harry Potter und der Plastik Pokal (i.e. Harry Potter and the Plastic Cup). In her version, the protagonists make frequent use of taboo topics, foul language and references to Internet and pop culture. Fricke's YouTube account was temporarily deactivated because these re-dubs were considered copyright violations. Furthermore, she produced multiple music videos and albums portraying Albus Dumbledore as a gangsta rapper, called \"Fresh D\". In December 2015, she launched a podcast called \"5 Minuten Harry Podcast\" (5 Minutes Harry Podcast) in which she talks about 5 minutes each of the first Harry Potter movie and explores random facts about what it is seen in the sequences. It soon became one of the most successful podcasts in German. New episodes are posted irregularly on podcast platforms and her YouTube channel and often reach many", "title": "Coldmirror" }, { "docid": "8901349", "text": "\"One O'Clock Jump\" is a jazz standard; a 12-bar blues instrumental, written by Count Basie in 1937. Background The melody derived from band members' riffs—Basie rarely wrote down musical ideas, so Eddie Durham and Buster Smith helped him crystallize his ideas. The original 1937 recording of the tune by Basie and his band is noted for the saxophone work of Herschel Evans and Lester Young, trumpet by Buck Clayton, Walter Page on bass, and Basie himself on piano. The song is typical of Basie's early riff style. The instrumentation is based on \"head arrangements\" where each section makes up their part based on what the other sections are playing. Individuals take turns improvising over the top of the entire sound. Basie recorded \"One O'Clock Jump\" several times after the original performance for Decca in June 1937. Notable live radio transcriptions of the song also exist, such as Basie's November 3, 1937 performance of the song at the Meadowbrook (Cedar Grove NJ). Later, Basie recorded the song for Columbia in 1942 and 1950 and on a number of occasions in the fifties. \"One O'Clock Jump\" became the theme song of the Count Basie Orchestra. They used it to close each of their concerts for the next half century. It was reportedly titled \"Blue Ball\" at first but a radio announcer feared that title was too risqué. Accolades In 1979, the song was inducted into the Grammy Hall of Fame. Later, it was listed in the Songs of the Century. Other versions \"Two O'Clock Jump\" was a performance by Harry James and his big band in 1939, slightly based on \"One O'Clock Jump\" but using triplets. Several versions of the original by Harry James and Benny Goodman feature the \"Two O'Clock Jump\" ending. Lionel Hampton used the song as his theme song for a while as well. Basie later released \"Jumpin' at the Woodside\" in a similar style. A popular jazz standard for virtually all top swing bands and their fans and jitterbuggers, it was part of the concert bill for Benny Goodman's famous 1938 concert at Carnegie Hall. It was also the last number ever recorded by Earl Hines, in 1981 after a 58-year recording career. Al Hirt released a version on his 1961 album He's the King and His Band. Rush drummer Neil Peart included \"One O'Clock Jump\" in his drum solos on the band's concert tours in 2002 and 2004. Appearance in film and television The Tuskegee Airmen The Grass Harp (1995 film version) Harlem Nights Enigma The English Patient Reveille with Beverly Bon Voyage, Charlie Brown (and Don't Come Back!!) The Gong Show Web sources See also List of 1930s jazz standards 1937 songs 1930s jazz standards Count Basie Benny Goodman songs Grammy Hall of Fame Award recipients Jazz compositions Swing jazz standards Jazz compositions in F major Jazz compositions in D-flat major United States National Recording Registry recordings", "title": "One O'Clock Jump" }, { "docid": "28116272", "text": "This article details the appearance of Harry Potter theming in amusement parks. In the late 1990s, Universal Parks & Resorts began discussing the possibility of purchasing the license for Harry Potter to create and theme amusement park rides. As Time Warner owns the license, a small walkthrough attraction was constructed at Warner Bros. Movie World called the Harry Potter Movie Magic Experience in 2001. This attraction was removed two years later. In 2010, Universal Islands of Adventure park opened The Wizarding World of Harry Potter. Similar attractions have also opened in Universal Studios Hollywood, Universal Studios Japan and Universal Studios Beijing. History Harry Potter Movie Magic Experience at Warner Bros. Movie World In 2001, Time Warner used this license to construct and operate the Harry Potter Movie Magic Experience at Warner Bros. Movie World on the Gold Coast, Australia. The attraction was a small indoor walkthrough featuring many re-creations of locations in the first two movies. After two years of operation this attraction was removed. The Wizarding World of Harry Potter at Islands of Adventure A Harry Potter themed attraction at a Universal Studios park or a Disney park was rumored in 2003. However, the rights to the Harry Potter franchise had been acquired by Warner Bros., who denied all rumors. In January 2007, About.com reported a rumor from a \"highly credible source\" that the Islands of Adventure park's Lost Continent area was going to be re-themed \"to the stories and characters of one of the most popular children's franchises\". Other sources followed up in the next few days with unofficial confirmation that the new area would involve Harry Potter. On May 31, 2007, Universal, in partnership with Warner Bros., officially announced The Wizarding World of Harry Potter would be added to Islands of Adventure. Construction of the Wizarding World of Harry Potter began seven months after the official announcement, in January 2008. By July, the Flying Unicorn and Enchanted Oak Tavern were closed. The Flying Unicorn then began an almost two year refurbishment which transformed it into the Flight of the Hippogriff. The Enchanted Oak Tavern was later demolished. A bridge was built to connect The Lost Continent with Jurassic Park allowing guests to avoid the construction zone that was to be the Wizarding World. Construction progressed with the Hogwarts castle slowly taking shape. By September 2008, the Dueling Dragons entrance was moved to Jurassic Park to make room for construction of Hogsmeade. One month later, the old entrance was demolished. By September 2009, the top shell of Hogwarts castle was completed. On September 15, an announcement was made as to what exactly was going to be included in the Wizarding World. In early 2010, Universal increased the marketing of the area which included newspaper advertisements, billboards and television commercials. The Dueling Dragons were closed for some maintenance before being transformed into the Dragon Challenge. Construction was complete by June 1, 2010 when the area began soft openings. A soft opening weekend was held for the media and reserved", "title": "Harry Potter in amusement parks" }, { "docid": "72172983", "text": "Enola Holmes (Music from the Netflix Film) is a film score soundtrack composed by Daniel Pemberton for the 2020 film of the same name. Pemberton described the score as a \"blend of melodic and emotional orchestral music coupled with a nice level of messy quirky oddness\". The score was released by Milan Records on September 23, 2020, the same day as the film. A vinyl edition of the soundtrack was released on June 4, 2021. The score received positive responses and praise from critics. Development In July 2019, Daniel Pemberton was announced as composer of the film's score. Having previously worked with director Harry Bradbeer on television shows, Pemberton discussed with him, to create a \"score full of themes, mystery and surprise that both encapsulated her character but also taking audiences on her journey\". He thought Enola Holmes was very different from a typical Sherlock Holmes character and liked what he did, but felt that he could bring a bit of his own personality, which was a major concern, as multiple composers had worked on several media adaptations based on the character — most notably Hans Zimmer and Lorne Balfe's score for Guy Ritchie's film adaptation series, David Arnold and Michael Price's score for the subsequent television series and Bruce Broughton's score for Young Sherlock Holmes (1985). Pemberton called the score as \"quite a conventional straight orchestral score\" which is different from what he usually scores, and attributed it as having \"got the sort of magic of Harry Potter in a way\". Bradbeer was keen on having very strong themes, as according to Pemberton, \"often you don't get someone actually asking for themes. Lots of directors sort of say they want themes but they actually don’t - as soon as they get big strong melodies they start to get a bit scared. Whereas Harry really did want themes. I played around with a few ideas, but we hadn't really nailed them yet.\" He then recorded those themes at his house during Christmas of 2019; Pemberton used his old piano and had recorded several tunes on his iPhone before sending them to Bradbeer, who responded positively agreeing to work with the film. He then turned this pre-recorded material into score cues. These tracks were converted into three main themes: a theme for Enola, Tewkesbury and what Pemberton called it as \"the mystery adventure theme\". He also added multiple variations of the themes that were featured throughout the film. For Enola's theme, he used an oboe as the foremost instrument as Pemberton \"wanted to do something that had an energetic drive to it but that felt a bit more wonky and eccentric. Enola as a character is quite tactile and rough. She's not poised or necessarily elegant in the way people normally perceive that ideal\". Hence he wanted a sound that is \"rough and tumble\", and added that \"the more bangy piano sound was a really good way to get that rhythm going. Then I wanted something that floated on top of", "title": "Enola Holmes (soundtrack)" }, { "docid": "13057950", "text": "Harry and the Potters are an American wizard rock band formed in Norwood, Massachusetts in 2002 by brothers Joe and Paul DeGeorge. They have released three studio albums, three singles, three extended plays, four other albums, five miscellaneous releases and two side projects. All material has been released by the independent record label Eskimo Laboratories which the duo founded. Their eponymous debut studio album Harry and the Potters was released in 2003. They released their second studio album, Voldemort Can't Stop the Rock! in 2004. The band released their third studio album, Power of Love in 2006. They released two EPs, \"Scarred for Life\" and an untitled split with the Zambonis, on vinyl in 2006. The following year, the released their third extended play, The Enchanted Ceiling. The band released their fourth extended play, In the Cupboard, in 2008 and released their fifth extended play, Live at the Yule Ball, in late 2009. They released a sixth EP, Hedwig Lives, in 2015. In 2008, the band were unsure as to whether they would work on a new studio album. In April 2010, Paul DeGeorge revealed that Harry and the Potters is contemplating making a fourth studio album. He explained, \"But maybe there's something like that [a Deathly Hallows-related full length] in the future. It's hard to say right now.\" Studio albums Harry and the Potters Harry and the Potters is the eponymous debut studio album by indie rock band Harry and the Potters, released on 21 June 2003. The album was inspired by the first four novels in the Harry Potter book series. It has been released on CD and digital download. In April 2003, the brothers wrote an entire album's worth of songs. The brothers split songwriting responsibilities between the two of them: Joe was responsible for songs dealing with Harry Potter and the Prisoner of Azkaban, whereas Paul was responsible for songs dealing with Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets. Harry and the Potters was recorded at the DeGeorge Family Living Room in Massachusetts. According to Melissa Anelli, Paul wrote the majority of the instrumental tracks on his Casio keyboard, whereas Joe conceptualized most of the vocal tracks. Vocalist Paul DeGeorge later said, \"We were pretty much writing songs and then recording them on the spot\". This statement emphasizes the band's do-it-yourself amateurishness as an essential aspect of the album. In recording Harry and the Potters, the band aimed to release the album shortly before the fifth book in the Harry Potter series, Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix was released. According to Paul, \"We were in a rush to get that stuff done before the 5th book release\" and this instinct supports claims it took only two weekends to record the album. Despite the band's purported rush to finish the album, Paul and Joe worked particularly hard on the song \"These Days are Dark.\" Paul DeGeorge used $1,200 of his own money to finance the pressing of the CDs. Voldemort Can't Stop the Rock!", "title": "Harry and the Potters discography" }, { "docid": "11309345", "text": "Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix (Original Motion Picture Soundtrack) is the soundtrack to the 2007 film of the same name, based on the book by J. K. Rowling. Nicholas Hooper composed the film's score, following John Williams, who scored the first three films, and Patrick Doyle, who did the fourth. Though new to the series, Hooper had worked with director David Yates before. The soundtrack was released 10 July 2007, the day before the film's release. Development Hooper incorporated \"Hedwig's Theme\", the series' theme originally written by John Williams for the first film and heard in all subsequent entries, into the score. In March and April 2007, Hooper, conductor Alastair King and the Chamber Orchestra of London recorded nearly two hours of music at Abbey Road Studios in London with orchestrations provided by King, Geoff Alexander, Julian Kershaw, Bradley Miles and Simon Whiteside. Two new main themes were made to reflect the new character Dolores Umbridge and Lord Voldemort's invasion of Harry's mind. A Japanese Taiko drum was used for a deeper sound in the percussion. The trailer contains a track by X-Ray Dog, entitled \"Divine Crusade\", which first appeared on the album K-9 Empire before being licensed to Order of the Phoenix. Hooper said he reviewed the previous soundtracks of the Harry Potter films by John Williams, particularly the third soundtrack, but ultimately \"decided that it was best if I moved into my own way of composing rather than trying to emulate John Williams, which is impossible.\" Release The soundtrack was also released in a special edition, with a custom hinged box with Navy velveteen fabric. Inside the box is a 20-page booklet with a foil-embossed front cover. Reception Critical reaction to the score was fairly mixed compared to the previous four scores in the series. Christian Clemmensen of Filmtracks awarding the score three stars out of five, saying \"...it fails to provide continuity within either its own confines or those of the franchise as a whole\". Archie Watt of MovieCues said \"This isn’t a bad score by any means, but there can be little argument that it is the weakest of all the Harry Potter scores to date\". Chart performance The soundtrack debuted at number 43 on the U.S. Billboard 200, selling about 16,000 copies in its first week and has since sold a total of 356,000 copies in U.S. and a million copies worldwide. The soundtrack also charted at five on the Top Soundtracks Chart. Track listing \"Dumbledore's Army\" was used in the Quidditch trials scene in Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince. \"Another Story\", \"Hall of Prophecy\", \"The Room of Requirement\", and \"A Journey to Hogwarts\" contain samples of \"Hedwig's Theme\" written by John Williams. \"The Kiss\" was heard in the viaduct scene during the end of Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows Part 2. References External links 05 2007 soundtrack albums 2000s film soundtrack albums Fantasy film soundtracks", "title": "Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix (soundtrack)" }, { "docid": "1431476", "text": "Nilsson Sings Newman is the fifth studio album by American singer-songwriter Harry Nilsson, released in February 1970 on RCA Victor. It features songs written by Randy Newman. Recorded over six weeks in late 1969, the album showcases Nilsson's voice multi-tracked in layers of tone and harmony. Its arrangements are otherwise sparse, with most of the instrumentation provided by Newman on piano. The record was not a great commercial success, but won a 1970 \"Record of the Year\" award from Stereo Review magazine. The LP record cover art was illustrated by Dean Torrence. Background In 1968, Ricky Nelson released his concept album Perspective, a move to expand his musical horizons. The album included songs by Newman, Nilsson and others woven together to tell the story of the interactions of a famous family; author Kevin Courrier writes that this album may have been part of the inspiration for Nilsson Sings Newman. In August 1969, Nilsson released his fourth album Harry. It ended with one of Newman's songs: \"Simon Smith and the Amazing Dancing Bear\". Years later, Nilsson told Paul Zollo that he was in awe of Newman writing so many songs, ones he thought were better than his own. Recording On August 20, 1969, Nilsson and Newman began to record what would become Nilsson Sings Newman. After basic tracks were laid down, Nilsson spent six weeks overdubbing his voice to create layers and harmonies, line by line. As many as 118 overdubs were laid down for a single song. Nilsson occasionally broke the fourth wall in his performance. His voice in the control room is heard on several songs, instructing the recording engineer to add more echo or remove a voice. On the album's final song \"So Long Dad\", amid a multi-Nilsson chorus of voices, Nilsson softly asks for \"more first voice.\" Louder, he counters himself by saying \"actually I need more current voice. Forget the one that's saying 'more first voice. Besides piano, other instruments were sometimes used in the studio, including bass drum, tambourine and various electronic keyboards. On the song \"Cowboy\", Nilsson used electronic harpsichord to bring in a different concluding theme, quoting John Barry's theme from the film Midnight Cowboy, an inside joke that referenced Fred Neil's \"Everybody's Talkin'\" from the same film, a major success for Nilsson earlier that year. A number of alternate takes and songs were recorded but left off the 1970 album. Two such songs were \"Snow\" and \"Linda\". Newman wrote one song specifically for the album: \"Caroline\", a straightforward love song. According to Nilsson, Newman was \"tired of the album when we were finished making it. ... For him it was just doing piano and voice ... over and over.\" He explained that \"once I got the take down, I knew what I was going to do with it later. He didn't.\" Newman said of his experience that he \"was honored that a writer with Harry's talent would choose to do an album of someone else's songs. ... he was such a great", "title": "Nilsson Sings Newman" }, { "docid": "12286860", "text": "Harry and the Potters is the eponymous debut studio album by indie rock band Harry and the Potters, released in June 2003. The album was inspired by the first four novels in the Harry Potter book series. Background The origin of Harry and the Potters is rooted in accident. After reading the Harry Potter books, Paul DeGeorge formulated the premise for Harry and the Potters where the principle Harry Potter characters would be the musicians: Harry as the front man, Ron on guitar, Hermione on bass and Hagrid on drums. Then a crisis of sorts struck the brothers on June 22, 2002. During a barbecue at the DeGeorge family’s Norwood Massachusetts home, Joe organized a concert in his backyard featuring his band Ed and the Refridgerators , his brother's band The Secrets, and Soltero. However, the latter two bands canceled the day of the event. To rescue a nearly lost opportunity, while waiting hopefully for a band to show, Harry and the Potters came into existence over the next hour when the two brothers wrote seven Potter-themed songs. They performed that first concert as Harry and the Potters for six people who remained of their audience. Of the seven songs written that day, five—viz. \"I Am a Wizard\", \"Wizard Chess\", \"Platform 9 and ¾\", \"Diagon Alley\", and \"Problem Solving Skillz\"—were to make it onto the band's first album in 2003 (a song about the wizarding sport Quidditch and \"The Troll Song\" were left off the album, and neither song has ever been officially released). Writing and recording After the makeshift show at the DeGeorge's backyard, Paul and Joe had the idea that they might be able to perform at other venues. When they began to write songs for prospective shows, they decided to also record their music and release an album. In April 2003, the brothers consequently began working on their debut album, Harry and the Potters, which was recorded and produced by Harry and the Potters in 2003 under the Eskimo Laboratories record label, at the DeGeorge family's living room in Massachusetts. According to Melissa Anelli, Paul wrote the majority of the instrumental tracks on his Casio keyboard, whereas Joe conceptualized most of the vocal tracks. The brothers split songwriting responsibilities between the two of them: Joe was responsible for songs dealing with Harry Potter and the Prisoner of Azkaban (1999), whereas Paul was responsible for songs dealing with Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets (1998). According to Paul DeGeorge, \"We were pretty much writing songs and then recording them on the spot\". This statement emphasizes the band's do-it-yourself amateurishness as an essential aspect of the album. Initially, the band recorded their songs without using drums, but at the last minute decided that they wanted to have drums on the album. Thus, they called on their friend Ernie Kim for assistance, and he overdubbed drum parts onto most of the songs. In recording Harry and the Potters, the band aimed to release the album shortly before the fifth", "title": "Harry and the Potters (album)" }, { "docid": "3329593", "text": "Wizard rock (or Wrock) is a type of novelty rock music themed around the Harry Potter franchise. The music was largely prevalent in the United States in the early 2000s. Wizard rock initially started in Massachusetts with Harry and the Potters, though it has grown internationally. Characteristics Leading bands in this genre include Harry and the Potters and Draco and the Malfoys. Although most listeners of the genre are fans of Harry Potter, some bands have attracted listeners outside of the books' fanbase. Wizard rock songs are often written from the point of view of a particular character in the books, usually the character who features in the band's name. In contrast to mainstream bands that have some songs incorporating literary references among a wider repertoire of music (notably Led Zeppelin to The Lord of the Rings), wizard rock bands take their inspiration entirely from the Harry Potter universe. When performing live, wizard rock bands often cosplay, or dress as, characters from the novels. Some bands perform at fan conventions. History The earliest Harry Potter-themed song is conventionally traced to 2000 when the Los Angeles-based pop-punk band Switchblade Kittens released an \"Ode to Harry\" from the perspective of Ginny Weasley. Harry and the Potters originated the Harry Potter-themed band, which became the genesis of a fandom-centered genre of music called wizard rock. As Harry and the Potters increased in popularity, other wizard rock bands emerged. Brian Ross and Bradley Mehlenbacher originally conceived Draco and the Malfoys as a parody of Harry and the Potters performing at a local house party. In April 2005, Matt Maggiacomo invited Harry and the Potters to play at an all-Harry Potter show at his Rhode Island home. That night, Maggiacomo made his debut as The Whomping Willows, and his friends, Mehlenbacher and his brother, Brian Ross, played for the first time as Draco and the Malfoys. There were also festivals focused on the genre such as Wrockstock, which was first held in 2007 in the United States and ended in 2013 after six editions. In 2015, Mexican band Velvet Darkness released the song \"Death Eaters\" as part of their debut EP Delusion. It was later re-recorded in 2018 as a bonus track for their debut LP Nothing but Glory, and a music video for the song was released in 2019 with a live recording of it. \"Death Eaters\" has led the band to play at several Harry Potter-themed events, playing both their songs and heavy metal covers of the movies' soundtracks. As of 2021, there remains a small but active wizard rock scene. Notable events include the Wrock from Home and O.W.L. Fest online music festivals; the annual Wizard Rock Sampler compilation series; and websites such as Wizrocklopedia and the Facebook group \"Wizard Rock Revival\" see much activity, with dozens of active musical acts and thousands of fans. Bandcamp currently features many wizard rock releases from past and current bands. See also Harry Potter fandom Filk Middle-earth music References Citations Bibliography Further reading External links", "title": "Wizard rock" }, { "docid": "33231590", "text": "This is a list of compositions by John Williams. Film scores The following list consists of select films for which John Williams composed the score and/or songs. 1950s 1960s 1970s 1980s 1990s 2000s 2010s 2020s The Olympics Williams has composed music for four Olympic Games: \"Olympic Fanfare and Theme\" – 1984 Summer Olympics, Los Angeles Written specifically for the opening ceremonies. In a 1996 re-release, the opening trumpet fanfare was replaced with \"Bugler's Dream\", a previous Olympic Theme written by Leo Arnaud. This recording has been used as the theme for NBC's Olympic coverage ever since. Williams received a Grammy for Best Instrumental Composition. \"The Olympic Spirit\" – 1988 Summer Olympics, Seoul Commissioned by NBC Sports for their television coverage. Williams received a Grammy nomination for Best Instrumental Composition. \"Summon the Heroes\" – 1996 Summer Olympics, Atlanta, Georgia Written in commemoration of the Centennial of the Modern Olympic Games. Premiering on July 19, 1996, the piece features heavy use of the brass and wind sections and is approximately six minutes in length. Principal Boston Pops trumpeter Timothy Morrison played the opening solo on the album recording. It has been arranged for various types of ensembles, including wind ensembles. This theme is now used prevalently by NBC for intros and outros to commercial breaks of the Olympics. \"Call of the Champions\" – 2002 Winter Olympics, Salt Lake City, Utah Television For NBC (United States): NBC News – \"The Mission\" NBC Nightly News The Today Show Meet the Press NBC Sunday Night Football Miscellaneous 1980: Williams' Jaws theme briefly used in Airplane! scored by Elmer Bernstein. 1980: Williams' Superman theme used in Superman II scored by Ken Thorne. 1983: Williams' Superman theme also used in Superman III also scored by Ken Thorne. 1983: Williams' Jaws theme used in Jaws 3-D scored by Alan Parker. 1984: Williams' Superman theme used in Supergirl scored by Jerry Goldsmith. 1984: Williams' \"Parade of the Ewoks\" from Star Wars: Return of the Jedi used in The Ewok Adventure scored by Peter Bernstein. 1985: Williams' \"Parade of the Ewoks\" from Star Wars: Return of the Jedi also used in Ewoks: The Battle for Endor also scored by Peter Bernstein. 1987: Williams' Jaws theme used in Jaws: The Revenge scored by Michael Small. 2001: Williams' Jurassic Park theme used in Jurassic Park III scored by Don Davis. 2002: Williams' \"The Imperial March\" from Star Wars: The Empire Strikes Back briefly used in French film Asterix & Obelix: Mission Cleopatra. 2005: Williams' \"Raiders March\" briefly plays during a scene of an Oakey Oaks theater showing Raiders of the Lost Ark in the Walt Disney Animation Studios feature film Chicken Little scored by John Debney. 2005: Williams' Harry Potter theme used in Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire scored by Patrick Doyle. 2006: Williams' Superman theme used in Superman Returns scored by John Ottman. 2007: Williams' Harry Potter theme used in Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix scored by Nicholas Hooper. 2008–2020: Williams' Star Wars themes frequently used", "title": "List of compositions by John Williams" }, { "docid": "22907207", "text": "Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince (Original Motion Picture Soundtrack) is the soundtrack to the 2009 film of the same name, written and composed by Nicholas Hooper. The score was conducted by Hooper and Alastair King. It is the second Harry Potter film to be scored by Hooper, who also composed the score for the previous film in the series, Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix. The soundtrack was released on 14 July 2009, a day before the film's release, and was nominated for a Grammy Award for Best Score Soundtrack Album for a Motion Picture. Marketing On the Harry Potter website a preview of one of the tracks (Ginny Weasley) is played in the background. On 17 June, a preview for three tracks was played in the background of film's updated official site. A 15-second audio preview for 13 tracks from the soundtrack was released on 19 June via Virgin Mobile's website. The soundtrack runs over 60 minutes in length. On 30 June, AOL Radio previewed the whole soundtrack online. Reception On the Billboard issue dated 1 August 2009, the album debuted at number twenty-nine on the Billboard 200 chart, thus making it the highest charting soundtrack among all the six movie soundtracks released. The soundtrack also charted at three on the Top Soundtracks Chart. Track listing Not included on the soundtrack were \"Friends and Love\" (a compilation of \"When Ginny Kissed Harry\" and \"Harry and Hermione\" that came with purchasing a ticket for the movie on Fandango), \"Big Beat Repeat\" (heard in the Gryffindor common room after the Quidditch match) by Josh Powell, and a track that could be named \"Murder & Escape\" (the music that can be heard when Dumbledore falls from the Astronomy Tower and Harry pursues Snape). Track details The score for Half-Blood Prince was conducted by Hooper and Alastair King and performed by the Chamber Orchestra of London, the orchestra that performed the score for Order of the Phoenix, with orchestrations provided by King, Jeff Atmajian, Simon Whiteside, Daryl Griffith and Bradley Farmer. The score featured a more significant role for light choir. Thematically, Hooper referenced his own ideas from the previous score and several elements from Williams' work. Hooper stated that \"Placing John Williams' themes became obvious as we went along. The beginning of the film has to have at least a hint of 'Hedwig's Theme'.\" \"Opening\": After a brief quotage of \"Hedwig's Theme\", in which Hooper lifts one note by semi-tone, elements of light choir are introduced. The use of Hooper's choral theme throughout the score is a reference to Dumbledore and the events that would entail, regarding his character and the climax of the film. A driving theme that reoccurs in \"Into the Rushes\" is used here to represent the Death Eaters and the havoc that they inflict in this sixth film. Hooper extends his use of percussion, with violent off-beat anvil that cuts through the repetitively propulsive, galvanic string figure. \"Ron's Victory\": Hooper uses several variations on themes", "title": "Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince (soundtrack)" }, { "docid": "67959304", "text": "Winnie the Pooh is the soundtrack album to the 2011 film of the same name, based on the eponymous novel created by A. A. Milne and E. H. Shepard, and directed by Stephen J. Anderson and Don Hall, the latter in his feature directorial debut. Henry Jackman composed the film score with additional music by Christopher Willis. The original songs were written by Kristen Anderson-Lopez and Robert Lopez. The soundtrack was released by Walt Disney Records on July 12, 2011. Development Hoping to find the right songwriters for their film, Anderson and Hall sent visuals to five songwriting teams. The duo liked the demos returned by Robert Lopez and Kristen Anderson-Lopez, who had previously worked with executive producer Lasseter and Disney Records' executive Chris Montan on the theme park musical version of Finding Nemo. The first song which the songwriting candidates were asked to write was the one which became \"Everything Is Honey\", in which Pooh undergoes a wild hallucination in his desperate hunger for honey. The Lopezes' inspiration for writing their successful demo was their desperate lack of sleep at the time because of the restlessness of their then-newborn younger daughter, Annie. The Lopezes wrote seven songs for the film, including \"The Tummy Song\", \"A Very Important Thing to Do\", \"Everything Is Honey\", \"The Winner Song\", \"The Backson Song\", \"Pooh's Finale\", and \"It's Gonna Be Great\". \"The Backson Song\" was also inspired, again, by the Lopezes' ongoing issues with their younger daughter's difficulty with sleeping through the night, as well as the fact that Disney's request for the song came in while they were on \"the vacation from hell\" on Fire Island (in Anderson-Lopez's words) and they had to borrow a piano at a local church to compose it. In the song, Kanga (voiced by Anderson-Lopez herself) mentions that one thing that Backsons do is \"wake up babies at one and three.\" Zooey Deschanel performed three songs for the film, including a take on the Winnie the Pooh theme song, \"A Very Important Thing to Do\" and an original end-credit song \"So Long\", which was written by Deschanel and performed with She & Him bandmate M. Ward. Although Winnie the Pooh did not do as well as hoped because it opened against the last film of the Harry Potter series, it was while working on the film that Disney executives started to really notice the Lopezes' \"instinct for storytelling with music.\" In turn, they did not have to audition for their next Disney project; instead, Disney pitched Frozen to them, whose soundtrack received positive response. Henry Jackman composed the film score with additional music provided by Christopher Willis. Jackman did not incorporate the musical works of Buddy Baker's compositions from The Many Adventures of Winnie the Pooh (1977), but changed the method of composition, disregarding the use of electronic samplers and relied on with orchestration and harmony, to make the music \"delightful\", \"innocent\" and \"charming\". The orchestral section consisted of a string quartet, with instruments such as double bass,", "title": "Winnie the Pooh (2011 soundtrack)" }, { "docid": "12294600", "text": "Voldemort Can't Stop the Rock! is the second studio album by indie rock band Harry and the Potters, released on July 1, 2004. The album was primarily inspired by the fifth novel in the Harry Potter book series. Although some of the songs revisit events from previous books in the series, a majority of the songs on the album relate to the rebellion of Harry and Dumbledore's Army against the Ministry of Magic, Dolores Umbridge, Lord Voldemort, and the Death Eaters. Context During a barbecue at Paul and Joe DeGeorge family's Norwood Massachusetts home on 22 June 2002, Joe had advertised a concert with Ed and the Refrigerators and several other indie bands. The venue was the back yard shed. Perhaps the venue was too modest but while an audience had arrived, the bands did not. To rescue a nearly lost opportunity, while waiting hopefully for a band to show, Harry and the Potters came into existence over the next hour when the two brothers wrote seven Potter-themed songs. The following year, the band released an album, Harry and the Potters, to critical acclaim. After the release of the fifth Harry Potter book, the brothers started to record Voldemort Can't Stop the Rock!, a new album based on The Order of the Phoenix. Writing and recording Harry and the Potters actively promote literacy, and as the band began writing more music, their lyrics slowly began turning more political. For instance, the album's title song references Tipper Gore and the Parents Music Resource Center (PMRC)'s attempts in the 1980s to censor music. The song contains the verse, \"And we won't let the Dark Lord ruin our party / Just like Tipper Gore tried with the PMRC.\" Voldemort Can't Stop the Rock! was recorded in May and June 2004 in the DeGeorge family shed. The bands friend and fellow musician Ernie Kim played drums again. Promotion and reception Following the release of Voldemort Can't Stop the Rock, the band began touring once again. At first, the band toured lightly, but during the summer of 2004, Paul got a two-month leave from work. The band played more than thirty shows, although they largely skipped the Midwest. The two brothers drove 13,000 miles across the U.S. and into Canada in their \"Potter Mobile\", a silver 1998 Ford Windstar minivan with a black lightning bolt emblazoned on its hood. In live concerts, Paul and Joe used pre-recorded backing tracks for much of the tour, but during the second half, Joe called on his childhood friend and former bandmate Andrew MacLeay to join the band temporarily as drummer. During the late winter of 2005, the band undertook their first overseas tour. In February 2005, they toured the United Kingdom – playing London, Manchester, Milton Keynes, Chester, and Liverpool – and then followed it by playing some gigs in the Netherlands to coincide with the release of the Dutch translation of Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince which took place in November 2005. In the Netherlands, they", "title": "Voldemort Can't Stop the Rock!" }, { "docid": "3063165", "text": "The music of the Harry Potter film series was recorded and released in conjunction with the post-production and releases of each of the eight corresponding films. The scores were composed by John Williams, Patrick Doyle, Nicholas Hooper, and Alexandre Desplat. Though Williams only scored the first three films, several motifs that he created have been reprised and incorporated into the remaining scores, in particular \"Hedwig's Theme\", which can be heard in all eight films. Other musicians credited with writing the Harry Potter music include Jarvis Cocker, The Ordinary Boys, and Nick Cave and the Bad Seeds. Jeremy Soule and James Hannigan wrote the music for the Harry Potter video games. J. Scott Rakozy, Peter Murray, and Chuck E. Myers \"Sea\" composed the music for Hogwarts Legacy. Overview Themes and motifs Throughout the series, each composer created themes for particular characters, items, locations, and ideas. Several themes can be heard in films subsequent to the one they were written for, although very few lasted for the entire film series. First appearance in The Philosopher's Stone First appearance in The Chamber of Secrets First appearance in The Prisoner of Azkaban First appearance in The Goblet of Fire First appearance in The Order of the Phoenix First appearance in The Half-Blood Prince First appearance in The Deathly Hallows – Part 1 First appearance in The Deathly Hallows – Part 2 References Film music by media franchise Harry Potter lists Compositions by John Williams", "title": "Music of the Harry Potter films" }, { "docid": "72348635", "text": "Puss in Boots (Music from the Motion Picture) is the score album to the 2011 film of the same name, released by Sony Classical Records on October 26, 2011. The album featured 22 tracks from the original score composed by Henry Jackman, and two songs performed by the Mexican guitar duo Rodrigo y Gabriela: \"Diablo Rojo\" and \"Hanuman\" being included. Lady Gaga's song \"Americano\" was also featured in the film, but not included in the soundtrack. The music was positively received by critics and fans, and received him a nomination for Annie Award for Music in a Feature Production, but lost to John Williams for his score in The Adventures of Tintin (2011). The score is one of Jackman's film score catalog acquired by Reservoir Media in March 2022. Development Jackman discussed with Chris Miller about the music, a year before signing the project, as there are certain sequences which are informative about the characters, about the environment and about the music style. Miller wanted Jackman to write cues for several characters, including those for Puss in Boots and Kitty Softpaws, and individual cues for each characters, during the production. On working with Miller, Jackman felt that \"He’s good to work with because he has very strong ideas and he expresses them, you know, like a director. It’s not his job to be musically trained and describe to me the orchestration he’s looking for or play me a specific piece of music.\" Jackman influenced Spanish and Mexican music for writing the Puss in Boots theme, inspired by Spanish composer Manuel de Falla, as he wanted it to match it with the characteristics of the protagonist. Hence, he used several instruments such as guitar, castagnette, accordion and Latin percussion to bring that theme. The sounds created from bells and whistles inspired from Ennio Morricone's The Good, the Bad and the Ugly (1966). As the film goes into a \"fairytale\" sequence, the music deviates from the traditional to fantasy music, referencing the music of the Harry Potter films, creating a new symphonic language. He said, \"the characters and the nature of the story created a really wide and enjoyable palette of musical textures and orchestrations that you could legitimally pursuit and it’s not self indulgent.\" In addition to the folk instrumentation, Jackman added a symphonic orchestra to deliver \"grandeur and emotion\" as well as the \"history in concert music of Spanish influence appearing in a symphonic context\". The orchestral sound was influenced from the work of Claude Debussy and Maurice Ravel; in addition, he also inspired Duke Ellington's works and George Gershwin's composition for An American in Paris (1951) for jazz music, and English folk music from the likes of Ralph Vaughan Williams and Percy Grainger, which are driven by symphony orchestra. To balance the musical tone, he also roped several soloists as \"instead of all the cues in the film being grand and symphonic all the time, which would be feel too general, the use of solo instruments can really bring", "title": "Puss in Boots (soundtrack)" } ]

[ "celesta" ]

[ { "docid": "15777471", "text": "IdeaPad (stylized as IDEAPΛD and formerly ideapad) is a line of consumer-oriented laptop computers designed, developed and marketed by Lenovo. The IdeaPad mainly competes against computers such as Acer's Aspire, Dell's Inspiron and XPS, HP's Pavilion, Envy, Stream, and Spectre, Samsung's Sens and Toshiba's Satellite. History The IdeaPad laptops were announced in January 2008. The first three models in the product line were the Y710, the Y510, and the U110. Some of the features that defined these first three models were widescreens, VeriFace facial recognition, frameless screens, touch controls, and Dolby speaker systems. The IdeaPad design marked a deviation from the business-oriented ThinkPad laptops, towards a more consumer-oriented look and feel. Among these changes were a glossy screen and the absence of the traditional ThinkPad TrackPoint. On September 21, 2016, Lenovo confirmed that their Yoga series is not meant to be compatible with Linux operating systems, that they know it is impossible to install Linux on some models, and that it is not supported. This came in the wake of media coverage of problems that users were having while trying to install Ubuntu on several Yoga models, including the 900 ISK2, 900 ISK For Business, 900S, and 710, which were traced back to Lenovo intentionally disabling and removing support for the AHCI storage mode for the device's solid-state drive in the computer's BIOS, in favor of a RAID mode that is only supported by Windows 10 drivers that come with the system. (This is also noted to make creation of Windows installation media more difficult than it normally is, as the process requires extracting a storage driver and loading it during the Windows installation process, or else the installer will not see the SSD.) As of February 2020, the Lenovo IdeaPad S940 is the world's cheapest 4K laptop. This IdeaPad notebook, made of aluminium, is the world's first laptop to feature a curved Contour Display. Flex series (2013current) The Lenovo IdeaPad Flex is a dual-mode laptop line by Lenovo; Unlike the Lenovo IdeaPad Yoga line of devices the keyboard does not bend back entirely to allow use as a tablet, it's only a dual-mode laptop (except some models). Gaming series (2020current) IdeaPad Gaming 3 was announced in April, 2020. Discontinued series Y series (20082016) The first laptops in the IdeaPad Y Series line were showcased in CES 2008. These were the IdeaPad Y710 and Y510 laptops, with 17-inch and 15-inch screens, respectively. The Y series is a line of ordinary laptops with gaming-oriented appearance – a marked difference from ThinkPads. IdeaPad Yoga 13 The Lenovo IdeaPad Yoga 13 is a hybrid notebook/tablet computer created by Lenovo and first announced at the International CES 2012 in January. IdeaPad Yoga 11 The Lenovo IdeaPad Yoga 11 is a hybrid laptop/tablet Windows RT based computer released in late 2012. The Yoga 11 and Yoga 13 computers both get their names from their unique design that enables the devices to rotate their screen backwards to become tablet devices. The Yoga 11's small amount of", "title": "IdeaPad" }, { "docid": "39839530", "text": "The Lenovo Miix was a series of multi-mode computing devices that function as both a tablet and a notebook computer. History The first Miix was announced in June 2013. Lenovo said it would be released sometime during the summer of the same year. Lenovo said the device would be priced at approximately US$500. In October 2014, Lenovo launched an additional Miix tablet by the name Miix 2, which is an 8-inch Windows 8.1 tablet. The Miix 2 is powered by a 1.8 GHz Intel Atom processor. Lenovo stopped selling this tablet in July 2014 in the United States, citing \"a low demand\". Discontinued in Models Miix line Miix Miix 2 Miix 3 The Lenovo Miix 3-830 was launched in September 2014, with a 7.85-inch screen, 1024x768 pixel display, Windows 8.1, and an Intel Atom Z3735F processor. Lenovo Miix 3-1030 then followed in October 2014, with a 10.1-inch screen, 1920x1200 pixel display, Windows 8.1, and an Intel Atom Z3745 processor. Miix 320 Miix Ideapad 310 superseded by Lenovo Miix 320 in 2017. Miix 510 Miix 630 Released in 2018, with ARM processor. Miix 710 Miix 720 IdeaPad Miix line Similar to another IdeaPad laptops branding with affordable 3## line, mainstream 5## line and expensive 7## line. IdeaPad Miix 300 Lenovo unveiled a Windows 8.1 tablet at Mobile World Congress, called the IdeaPad MIIX 300. It is a mid-size tablet, weighing at 0.8 lb (360 g), 0.4 inches (9.3 mm) thick, and length and width will be 5.1 × 8.5 in (130 × 215 mm). According to preliminary reviews, other features include pixel density of about 188 ppi and has an IPS screen which supports wide viewing angles. It has a micro-USB port and an on-screen Windows button. Powered by a quad-core Atom Bay Trail chip, the MIIX 300 will provide 2 GB of RAM, and internal storage capacity will top out at 64 GB. It will come with Windows 8.1 with Bing and a year's subscription to Office 365. Battery life is around 7 hours for a single charge. IdeaPad Miix 310 During Mobile World Congress 2016 Lenovo presented the MIIX 310 - the Windows 10 tablet with a detachable keyboard, with Intel Atom X5 8300 or Z8350 processor and integrated graphics. 128 gigabytes of eMMC internal storage come standard. A 1080p display, cellular data in the form of 4G LTE, extra memory up to 2 gigabytes are available as upgrades. Lenovo claims the device achieves ten hours of battery life. 802.11b/g/n Wi-Fi comes standard. IdeaPad Miix 520 Released in 2017 IdeaPad Miix 700 The IdeaPad Miix 700 is a released in 2016 hybrid device with a detachable soft keyboard cover, stylus, and kickstand. The kickstand is designed for multiple positions and allows the display height and angle to be adjusted. The Miix has a 2160 by 1440 pixel multitouch IPS display. The Miix 700 has one USB 3.0 port, one USB 2.0 port, a micro-HDMI port for video and audio out, a slot for LTE or 3G cellular data SIM", "title": "Lenovo Miix" }, { "docid": "28969242", "text": "Predator Gaming is a gamer-focused brand and line of computer hardware owned by Acer. In 2008, Acer introduced itself in the gaming computer market with a line of desktop computers: the Acer Aspire Predator series, later renamed as Acer Predator. The series is characterized by the futuristic computer chassis and high performance. In 2016, a complete range of Predator desktops, gaming laptops, tablets and accessories exists. The range competes with Lenovo's Legion, Dell's G series and Alienware subsidiary, BenQ's Mobiuz & Zowie, HP's Omen and Asus ROG series. Laptops Specifications Predator Helios 300 Predator Helios 300 Special Edition Predator Helios 500 Predator Triton 500 Acer's first entry into the \"Thin and light gaming laptop\" Series Predator Triton 700 Predator Triton 900 Predator 21 X Acer's 9000$ range gaming laptop that run's as powerful as a desktop with 2 nvidia gtx 1080's in sli. It comes with 64gb of ram memory and 1tb of ssd Desktops AG3620 (2012) AG5900 (2010) AG7200 AG7700 (2009) AG7710 (2009) AG7711 AG7712 AG7713 AG7750 (2010) AG3-710-UR53 AG3-710-UR54 AG6-710-70001 AG6-710-70002 AG6-710-70004 Specifications Monitors Specifications References External links Official website Predator Gaming - It Lies Within Acer Predator Helios 300 Review Acer Inc. products Consumer electronics brands Acer Inc. laptops Gaming desktop computers Gaming laptops Computer-related introductions in 2008", "title": "Acer Predator" }, { "docid": "53125549", "text": "Lenovo P2 is an Android smartphone that is focused on battery life, developed by Lenovo. It was officially announced on September 3, 2016 at IFA show held in Berlin and released in November 2016, as a successor to the Lenovo Vibe P1. The device is available in Graphite Grey and Champagne Gold colour variants. It was, at the time of its release, one of the few devices which had a 5000+ mAh battery. Specifications The device is said to have \"a super slim full-metal unibody design\". In terms of specifications, the device sports a 5.5-inch full HD Super Amoled display with a 1920 x 1080 resolution and 401ppi. It is powered by 14 nm 2 GHz 64-bit Octa-Core Qualcomm Snapdragon 625 MSM8953 processor paired with 3GB or 4GB RAM. The P2 includes an internal storage of 32GB, which can be further expanded up to 128GB via a microSD card. It has two nano SIM card slots. One slot is used for SIM while the second slot is used as either SIM or SD Card. The smartphone is equipped with a 13MP PDAF rear camera with a Sony sensor and LED flash and a 5MP front facing camera for selfie. The device includes NFC, USB OTG, FM Radio, A-GPS, Bluetooth v4.1, Wi-Fi 802.11 a/b/g/n/ac and WiFi Hotspot for connectivity and the featured sensors are accelerometer, proximity sensor, ambient light sensor, compass, gyroscope, always active fingerprint scanner which also offers some gestures etc. The Lenovo P2 was launched with Android 6.0.1 Marshmallow ROM, which was released a year before the P2 release. In April 2017, P2 officially received an update to Android 7.0 (Nougat), which was 2GB in size and could be updated via OTA (over the air update). The update brought features such as split-screen, new notification control, data saver and other security updates. The latest android security patch level is November 1, 2017. Build number: P2a42_S251_171107_ROW. The main point which makes the P2 stand out, is that it is powered by a 5100 mAh battery, one of the highest-capacity batteries in its class at the time for the price. It is claimed to give up to three days of usage, in a normal use case scenario. The device also has a physical power saver switch, which extends the battery life. The P2 is also able to reverse charge another device. The phone works with a 24W quick charger that can rapidly charge the battery. Rapid charge function works when on charge with the screen off. It comes with some pre-installed apps such as Google Maps, Hangouts, Play Music, Play Movies, YouTube, Gmail, News & Weather, Photos, Drive, Chrome and Play store. SAR values of this smartphone is 0.297W/kg@1g (Head) and 0.896W/kg@1g (Body). References External links Lenovo P2 Smartphone at Lenovo India Official. Lenovo P2 at GSM Arena. Lenovo P2 Review at Techradar. P2 Android (operating system) Mobile phones introduced in 2016 Discontinued smartphones", "title": "Lenovo P2" }, { "docid": "34298214", "text": "Dragontrail is an alkali-aluminosilicate sheet glass manufactured by AGC Inc. It is engineered for a combination of thinness, lightness and damage-resistance, similarly to Corning's proprietary Gorilla Glass. The material's primary properties are its strength, allowing thin glass without fragility; its high scratch resistance; and its hardness with a Vickers hardness test rating of 595 to 673. Cell phones and tablets To date, some of the cell phone and tablet models that have incorporated Dragontrail protection are: Alcatel 7 (By Metro PCS) Alcatel Idol Alpha Alcatel Hero 2 Alcatel One Touch Conquest Alcatel One Touch Idol 3 Alcatel One Touch Idol 4 Pro Alcatel Tetra Alcatel TCL LX Allview P8 Energy mini Allview V2 Viper i Allview V1 Viper i4G Allview Viper E Allview W1i Allview W1s Allview X2 Soul Lite Allview X2 Soul Style Allview X2 Soul Style + Platinum BlackBerry DTEK 50/60 BlackBerry Motion Bq Aquaris Cherry Mobile 4/S4/S4 Plus/G1 Crosscall Trekker-S1 Doro 8080 Elephone P8000 eSTAR X45 Flipkart Billion Capture+ Galaxy Nexus Getnord Onyx Gionee Marathon M5 lite Google Pixel 3a and 3a XL Haier Esteem I70 Highscreen Power Rage Evo i-mobile IQ 6 InnJoo One InnJoo Two Kruger&Matz DRIVE 3 Lava Iris 504q Lava Pixel V1 Lava Pixel V2 Lava X8 Lenovo K3 Note (Also known as Lenovo A7000 Turbo in India, Model Number: K50a40) Lenovo ThinkPad Yoga 12 LYF WATER 5 Meizu M2 Meizu M2 note Oplus XonPhone 5 Oukitel K10 Philips Xenium I908 Polytron Prime 7 Samsung Galaxy J3 (2016) Samsung Galaxy M10, M20, M30s Samsung Galaxy On5, On7, On5 Pro, On7 Pro Sony Ericsson Xperia Active Sony Ericsson Xperia Acro S Sony Xperia X Performance Sony Xperia Z Sony Xperia Z1 Sony Xperia Z2 Sony Xperia Z3 Sony Xperia Z5 Sony Xperia Z5 Premium Stonex One TrekStor WinPhone 4.7 HD UMi Z V341U Videocon Krypton3 V50JG WE T1 Wileyfox Spark/Spark+/SparkX Xiaomi Redmi 1S/2/2 Prime XOLO 8X-1000 XOLO BLACK 1X XOLO Q1000 XOLO Q1010i XOLO Win Q900s ZTE Avid Plus ZTE Obsidian ZTE Sonata 2 References External links Patent Dragontrail Glass comparison with Gorilla Glass Materials science Glass engineering and science Glass applications Glass trademarks and brands Japanese brands", "title": "Dragontrail" }, { "docid": "33135469", "text": "The IdeaPad Y series was a consumer range of laptops produced by Lenovo, first announced in 2008. They were marketed as premium high performance laptops for multimedia and gaming, as part of the IdeaPad line. The most significant differences from Lenovo's traditional ThinkPad business laptops were a more consumer-oriented appearance and performance-oriented components. IdeaPads feature a chiclet keyboard with rounded keys. The first of the Y series were the IdeaPad Y710 and the IdeaPad Y510 notebooks, with screen sizes of 17 inches and 15 inches respectively. The IdeaPad Y series has since been replaced by the Legion Y series. 2016 Y900 Lenovo announced the IdeaPad Y900 in January 2016. It uses Intel Core Gen6 i7 processors that can be overclocked (Lenovo has included utility software to make this easier for users). The chassis is black aluminum with color accents. The keyboard is mechanical. Customizable color LEDs help the touchpad and various parts of the keyboard stand out more clearly in dark environments. The display is 17.3inches, uses an IPS panel with an anti-glare coating, and resolution is pixels. Up to 64GiB of RAM is supported. Bays are included for two SSDs or hard drives with RAID 0 support. An Nvidia GeForce GTX 980M comes standard with options for either 4GiB or 8GiB of VRAM. Y700 The Lenovo IdeaPad Y700 series was a class of gaming PCs. The IdeaPad Y700 series are respectively an 14-inch, 15-inch and 17-inch laptops designed specifically. Same as the IdeaPad 300, 110 and 330 series of home and office laptops, the IdeaPad Y700 series of gaming laptops along with Acer's Predator and Dell's Inspiron and G series gaming laptops. These model have three case versions with 14\", 15\" and 17\" screens; they successor is a Legion Y720 model with similar cases. 2015 Y50-70 The Y50-70 was released in 2015 as an incremental upgrade to 2014's Y50. Y70 The Y70 is a gaming laptop with a 17-inch multitouch screen. As of February 2015, the Y70 base model had a 2.5GHz Intel Core i5 processor, 8GiB of RAM, a 1TB SSD/HDD hybrid, and a 2GiB Nvidia GTX 860M GPU. The display has 1080p resolution and LED backlighting. The Y70 scored 4.5 hours of battery life on MobileMark's Office Productivity Test but is only able to achieve a battery life of about 2.5 hours for gaming. A review from Notebook Review said, \"We're happy to recognize the Lenovo IdeaPad Y70 Touch with our Editor's Choice award for being a great large screen entertainment notebook.\" 2014 There were two flagship laptops released in 2014 Lenovo Ideapad Y40, Y50 and Y70 Touch. Y40 and Y50 The Y40 and Y50 are respectively 14-inch and 15-inch laptops designed specifically for gaming. 1080p displays come standard on both models, but the Y50 has an option for a 4K display with a resolution of . Both come with options for multi-touch displays. Both have Intel Core i7 processors. The Y40 uses an AMD Radeon R9 M270 video card with 2 GiB of VRAM; The Y50", "title": "IdeaPad Y series" }, { "docid": "47962130", "text": "ZUK Mobile was a Chinese smartphone company founded in May 2015, and a subsidiary of Lenovo. It was headquartered in Beijing. The brand ceased operations in 2017, when Lenovo shifted its smartphone focus to Motorola. History ZUK Mobile was founded on May 28, 2015, as a spin off of Lenovo's smartphone business. Yang Yuanqing, CEO of Lenovo, said that investing in ZUK Mobile \"is one of the Chinese tech giant's major steps in its business transformation in the Internet era\". Furthermore, he said that the company is an independent brand different from Lenovo's previous subsidiary brands. Less than two months later, ZUK Mobile entered into an exclusive licensing agreement with Cyanogen Inc. to base its products' Android distribution upon a variant of the popular custom ROM CyanogenMod and use its trademarks outside of China. The company unveiled its first device, the ZUK Z1 in Beijing, China on August 11, 2015. Following its release, the company received over 1.5 million pre-orders within two days in mainland China. On April 27, 2017, Lenovo announced that the ZUK brand would cease operations, and Lenovo would instead focus on Motorola smartphones. The official website of ZUK shut down in July 2017, and now redirects to the Motorola website. Products Z1 The Z1 is ZUK's \"flagship\" smartphone, unveiled in August 2015. It has a 5.5-inch 1080p display, 64 GB internal storage, a 13 MP rear camera, a 4,100 mAh battery, a Qualcomm Snapdragon 801 CPU, 3 GB RAM, a USB-C port for charging and audio, and a fingerprint reader. The international version of the Z1 runs Cyanogen OS 12.1, based on Android 5.1.1 \"Lollipop\". The Z1 is sold in China with ZUK's own ZUI version of Android based on Android 5.1 \"Lollipop\". In mainland China, the ZUK Z1 costs CNY 1,799 (US$284) while an international version is expected to cost around US$300 or €280. Z2 PRO It was announced by the CEO of ZUK that a new device, the Z2, would be released in 2016. The new Z2 details were unveiled on 21 April 2016. The Z2, named the Z2 'Pro' has a 5.2\" screen, a Qualcomm Snapdragon 820 processor, Adreno 530 GPU, 13 Megapixel OIS camera and comes in two models, 64 GB internal storage/4 GB RAM or 128 GB internal storage/6 GB RAM. The battery capacity is 3100MAh. The phone has health sensor and a fingerprint scanner and the higher spec device is priced 2,699 Yuan($416). Z2 Plus It was launched after the launched of Z2 Pro. Zuk Z2 has 5.0 inch Full HD display. It is powered by 3500 mAh battery and has 2.15 GHz quad core Qualcomm Snapdragon 820 processor. The camera at the back is of 13 MP and the front camera is of 8 MP.It has 4 GB RAM along with 64 GB internal storage. It runs on Android Marshmallow 6.0 out of box and now it has been upgraded from Android Marshmallow 6.0 to Oreo 8.0. Z2 Rio Edition It is a version of the Zuk Z2 with", "title": "ZUK Mobile" }, { "docid": "51766182", "text": "The Lenovo Z2 Plus is a smartphone manufactured by Lenovo. It is a part of Lenovo's premium smartphone line in 2017, and has two variants. Lenovo Z2 Plus is the Indian version of Lenovo Zuk Z2, that was launched in China in May, 2016. Lenovo Z2 Plus is a mid-range smartphone launched in January 2017. It comes with a 5-inch Full HD having a resolution of 1080 x 1920 pixels with a pixel density of 441 ppi. The phone runs on a 2.15 GHz Quad core Qualcomm Snapdragon 820 processor and it comes with 4 GB RAM. 4 GB of RAM ensures the phone runs smoothly with multiple applications open simultaneously. The Lenovo Z2 Plus also packs in a graphics processor, and 64 GB of internal storage and does not support expandable storage. The Lenovo Z2 Plus originally ran on Android 6.0.1 \"Marshmallow\" and is powered by a 3500 mAh battery. It is a dual SIM smartphone, and connectivity options include GPS, HotSpot, WiFi, and Bluetooth. The rear camera on the Lenovo Z2 Plus is a 13 MP with Auto Focus, Face Detection, HDR, Panorama Mode, Geo-tagging, Touch Focus, Digital Zoom, and Video Recording. The smartphone also has a Front Facing Camera capable of shooting 8 MP. Specifications and Configurations This 5 inch device comes with an IPS display with Full HD resolution having a pixel density of 441 ppi. The body is made of Rollercage design with a fibreglass frame. It is available in two distinctive colors: Black and White. It features Adreno 530 GPU for handling high graphic demanding operations like Gaming, Virtual Reality, Augmented Reality. It comes with a maximum clockspeed of 2.15 GHz and features a Qualcomm Snapdragon 820, 64-Bit Custom Kryo Cores, Adreno 530 processor. Lenovo Z2 Plus comes in two configurations 3GB DDR4 RAM / 32GB ROM and 4GB DDR4 RAM / 64GB ROM. It weighs about 149grams and has a dimensions of 141.65mm x 68.88mm x 8.45mm. The phone has an internal memory of 32GB for a 3GB RAM model and 64GB for a 4GB RAM model and cannot be expanded further. Lenovo Z2 Plus comes with a 3500mAh High Density Lithium polymer non-removable battery and supports fast charge. Z2 plus offers a large connectivity options like 4G, GPS with Glonass, WiFi, Hotspot, Bluetooth 4. 1, Dual SIM and USB Type C connectivity. Sensors like 3-axis gyro sensor, 3-axis electronic compass sensor, 3-axis Acceleration Sensor, Light Sensor, Hall Sensor (Proximity Sensor), Distance Sensor (Pedometer), Fingerprint recognition. The fingerprint uses a special technology called self learning fingerprint. It detects irregularities in the finger like skin peel, wound, dry skin, etc. and adjusts itself to identify the owner's fingerprint. For this purpose, it uses an advanced CAC Algorithm. Comparison External links For detailed information about the phone visit this link References Z2 Plus Mobile phones with 4K video recording Mobile phones introduced in 2017 Discontinued flagship smartphones", "title": "Lenovo Z2 Plus" }, { "docid": "53954893", "text": "{{Infobox mobile phone | name = Lenovo K6 Power | modelnumber = *K33a42 | logo = Lenovo logo 2015.svg | logosize = 100px | image = | imagesize = | alt = | caption = Lenovo K6 Power'' | brand = | manufacturer = Lenovo Group Limited | slogan = The Kickass Power| series = K series | type = Smartphone | successor = | related = Lenovo K6 (K33a48) | released = (In India) | unitssold = | price = ₹ 9,999 | available = | discontinued = | form = Touchscreen | sound = Stereo speakers and Dolby Atmos | size = 141.9 mm (5.59 in) H70.3 mm (2.77 in) W9.3 mm (0.37 in) D | weight = 145 g | os =Android Marshmallow 6.0 upgradable to Android Nougat 7.0 | soc = Qualcomm Snapdragon 430 | cpu = 1.4 GHz Octa-Core ARM Cortex-A53 | gpu = Adreno 505 | display = 5.0\" 1080×1920 (441 Pixels per inch), IPS display | memory = 3 / 4 GB | storage = 32 GB microSD up to 256 GB | networks = 2G (GSM/GPRS/EDGE): 850, 900, 1,800 and 1,900 MHz; 3G (HSDPA HSUPA) 850, 900, 1,900 and 2,100 MHz; 4G (LTE): B3(TD1800), B5(FD850), B40(TD2300) | carrier = Various | battery = 4000 mAh Li-Po, non-removable | input = | camera = Sony IMX258 13 MP PDAF Camera with LED Flash| front_camera = Sony IMX219 8.0 MP Camera | GPS = | sar = 0.600 W/kg (head),0.972 W/kg (body) | other = | website = http://Lenovo.com | connectivity = WLAN: Wi-Fi 802.11 b/g/n, Wi-Fi hotspot Bluetooth®: 4.2 A2DP, LE Radio: FM Receiver }}Lenovo K6 Power is a midrange Android smartphone launched by Lenovo Group Limited in September 2016. The device supports TheaterMax technology with a VR headset. It is the successor of Lenovo K5 Plus. Specifications Design The phone has a unibody metal (aluminium) design. It has a 5.0 inch display. Its physical dimensions are 141.9 x 70.3 x 9.3 mm (Length x Width x Thickness) and it weighs 145 grams. Hardware The phone features a 5.0 inch FHD display with 441 ppi pixel density. It comes with two storage variants of 16 GB with 2 GB RAM and 32 GB with 3 GB or 4 GB of RAM. It is powered by Qualcomm Snapdragon 430 SoC with an octa core 1.4 GHz Cortex-A53 processor and Adreno 505 GPU. It has a 13 MP rear camera and 8 MP selfie camera. It has a 4000 mAh Li-Po battery. SoftwareLenovo K6 Power''' runs on Android Marshmallow 6.0 and is upgradable to Android Nougat 7.0. Latest version K33_S231_171114_ROW Custom ROM LineageOS 18.1 for Lenovo K6 Power LineageOS 18.1 for Lenovo K6 Power (Daily Build) TWRP Recovery for Lenovo K6 Power Variant K33a42 - Lenovo K6 Power - 4GB/32GB - 4000 mAh K33a42 - Lenovo K6 Power - 3GB/32GB - 4000 mAh K33a48 - Lenovo K6 - 3GB/32GB - 3000 mAh K33b36 - Lenovo K6 - 2GB/16GB - 3000 mAh References K6 Power Android", "title": "Lenovo K6 Power" }, { "docid": "56301686", "text": "HP Spectre is a line of premium portable computers from HP Inc. (formerly Hewlett-Packard). It is HP's flagship line of products for consumers. It competes with products such as Dell XPS, Asus Zenbook, MacBook Air and Lenovo Yoga. Models Envy Spectre Envy 14 Spectre The Spectre first appeared as a model under the Envy series: Envy 14 Spectre. This ultrabook (i.e. Intel's designation of thin high-end laptops) received a large amount of attention when revealed at CES 2012, and it won CNET's Best of CES award in its category. Retailing for US$1399, it weighs four pounds and includes a radiance display, a gorilla glass screen and palm rest, a buttonless multi-touch touchpad, an NFC chip and solid-state drive. Envy Spectre XT Envy Spectre XT is a 13-inch ultrabook that retailed for US$999 in 2012. A variant called Envy Spectre XT Pro was also released which is the same but includes a Tpm module and ships with Windows 7 Professional. It retailed for $100 extra. Pre-2015 Spectre Spectre XT TouchSmart The Spectre XT TouchSmart has the same design as the Envy Spectre XT, but with a larger footprint and the addition of a touch operated display. Announced in September 2012, it shipped with Windows 8. Spectre One In September 2012, HP announced Spectre One, an all in one desktop computer shipping with Windows 8. It has a 23.6 inch display, measures 11.5 mm thick, and covered by edge to edge glass. Spectre 13 The HP Spectre 13 ultrabook (model no. series 13-3000) introduced in 2013 has a fourth generation Intel Core (Haswell) processor, Intel HD 4400 graphics, and a full HD IPS display with optional 2560 x 1440 Sharp IGZO display upgrade. Spectre 13 x2 The Spectre 13 x2 (model no. series 13-H) is a 13.3-inch detachable hybrid ultrabook that doubles as a standalone tablet or a laptop. This is the first fanless detachable hybrid ultrabook powered by Intel's Haswell (fourth generation Core) processor. It was available for pre-order in October 2013 with prices of $1099. Spectre x360 The Spectre x360 models are 2-in-1 convertibles; its name refers to its 360 degree hinge. HP also make similar x360 branded convertibles in the Envy and Pavilion lines. Generations and history The first Spectre x360 (also called Spectre Pro x360) ran on Broadwell 5th generation Intel Core. Released in March 2015, retailing for US$899. It has a distinctive HEWLETT PACKARD wordmark embossed on the front and the lid. In October 2015, an updated x360 (also called Spectre Pro x360 G2) came out with the 6th generation Skylake processor. At CES 2016 the 15-inch model with Skylake was announced. In October 2016, a third generation Spectre x360 13 was released with Intel's Kaby Lake (7th generation Core). With a refreshed design and featuring the new Spectre-specific HP logo, it is smaller, thinner, and adds a Thunderbolt 3 port. Spectre x360 15 with Kaby Lake was announced a few months later. The next revision came later in 2017 with 8th generation Core, and a 4K", "title": "HP Spectre" }, { "docid": "50746336", "text": "Lenovo Vibe K4 Note is a midrange Android smartphone launched by Lenovo Group Limited in January 2016. The phone features a 5.5 inch FHD display powered by MediaTek MT6753 SoC processor. It comes with two storage variants of 16 and 32 GB with 2 GB of RAM, for A7010 model and 3 GB of RAM for A7010a48 model. It has a battery capacity rated at 3300mAh. The device supports Theater max technology with a VR headset. Upon its release in the market, it received positive feedbacks and reviews from all parts of the world. Lenovo also launched its successor, K5 Note immediately after K4 Note's launch. References Vibe K4 Note Mobile phones introduced in 2016 Discontinued smartphones", "title": "Lenovo Vibe K4 Note" } ]

[ { "docid": "34908587", "text": "Nokia Lumia 610 is a Windows Phone smartphone announced at Mobile World Congress 2012. It is designed for young consumers that are buying their first smartphone. The Lumia 610 has a curvy, metallic design. Like the Lumia 710, it comes in cyan, magenta, black and white. The black and magenta version have a rubberized back instead of the glossy back as found in the white and cyan version of this phone. Because of the limited memory available on this phone, background tasks using over 90 MB of RAM will be disabled automatically and certain applications will not be able to run. Applications whose user experience is not up to par with Nokia and the application (like Skype, Angry Birds or Pro Evolution Soccer) expectation, will not be available from the marketplace. On 11 April 2012 Nokia introduced a variant with Near Field Communication (NFC), the first Lumia device with NFC technology. It was released in collaboration with operator Orange in Europe. On 5 December 2012, the Nokia Lumia 620, the successor of the Nokia Lumia 610, was presented. The improvements are Windows Phone 8, dual-core 1 GHz Qualcomm S4 chipset, 512 MB of RAM, a front-facing VGA camera, a slightly bigger 3.8-inch display and support for up to 64 GB microSD cards. Specifications Hardware The Lumia 610 has a 3.7-inch TFT capacitive display. It is powered by an 800 MHz Cortex-A5 Qualcomm Snapdragon S1 processor, 256 MB of RAM and 8 GB of internal storage. It has a 1300 mAh Li-Ion battery and a 5-megapixel rear camera. It is available in white, cyan, magenta and black. Software The Lumia 610 ships with Windows Phone 7.10 Reception The GSMArena team wrote: \"The truth is the Nokia Lumia 610 is currently slightly overpriced. We did say that it's all about what you get and not what you miss in this class but, as things currently stand, its competitors will give you more without extra charge. It sounds like common sense that the only way for an affordable WP smartphone to succeed is to be cheaper than its droid peers.\" Jonathan Choo of FoneArena in his review wrote: \"I feel that resources spent at making Windows Phone Tango a reality on 256MB RAM devices were wasted. I know I have used the word compromise a lot in this review, but that is what the Lumia 610 is. It’s a phone full of compromises. With Windows Phone Apollo nearing completion, I suspect this will be the first and only Tango device to be ever released by the Finnish brand, and for that alone, I just can’t possibly recommend this. If you are in the market for a budget Windows Phone device, get the Lumia 710 or HTC Radar, or check out one of the older first generation Windows Phone devices like the Omnia 7 and HTC 7 Trophy instead.\" See also Windows Phone Nokia Lumia 710 Nokia Lumia 800 Nokia Lumia 900 References Further reading External links - Lumia 610 technical specifications (at developer.nokia.com)", "title": "Nokia Lumia 610" }, { "docid": "36402424", "text": "The Lenovo IdeaPad U310 is an Ultrabook-class notebook computer released in 2012. It is the successor to the Lenovo U300s. The U310 has an aluminum-slab design with an island keyboard and a large touchpad. Hardware specifications Christopher Null of Wired wrote, \"Surprisingly, the U310 I reviewed performed almost identically in benchmark tests to the U300s I reviewed in November. That’s interesting, because the prior machine featured a 256GB SSD, and the U310 features a slow, 5400rpm 500GB traditional hard drive. It seems the faster CPU and slower hard drive manage to cancel each other out in the end. At about 4 hours, 20 minutes of video playback, even battery life is almost the same as it was last time around.\" The U310 has a 13.3-inch 1366x768 resolution screen. The U310 has two USB 3.0 ports and one USB 2.0 port, an HDMI port, a wired ethernet port, and an SD card slot. Issues Wireless connectivity issues Many owners reported poor wireless connectivity, a fact later acknowledged by Lenovo, and allegedly affecting all U310 and U410 models built prior to 23 July 2012. Lenovo suggested that users affected by the issue send their Ultrabook to customer support, however no official recall campaign was issued and malfunctioning units in stock were still sold internationally. After the repair, some users still reported the same issue. However, despite the statement above, reports continue to come in of laptops manufactured after the date mentioned having the same wireless problem. Lenovo is in the process of settling a class-action lawsuit to either repair the faulty laptops, refund $100, or give a $250 voucher towards another laptop purchase. Cracking case and hinge A number of users throughout the world have reported that the hinges of their Ideapad U310 notebooks were popped out and sometimes cracking sounds could be heard after half of a year or one year's normal usage. So far, Lenovo refused to acknowledge this problem and tried to charge customers for replacing the whole screen, which almost costs as much as a new U310. No official recall campaign was issued. Reviews A review in Wired praised the U310 for its \"awesome value,\" \"solid performance,\" and sturdiness while complaining about the screen quality and lack of keyboard backlighting. References External links U310 Subnotebooks Computer-related introductions in 2012", "title": "Lenovo IdeaPad U310" }, { "docid": "44040654", "text": "The Lenovo Vibe Z2 Pro is an Android smartphone released in 2014. Support install LineageOS 19. Design and performance The Vibe Z2 Pro has a 6-inch, 2560-by-1440 pixel display. It has a Snapdragon 801 processor, 3 gigabytes of RAM, and 32 gigabytes of storage. It has a 16-megapixel rear camera with optical image stabilization, a dual LED flash, the ability to record 4K video, scene auto-detection, high dynamic range, and a low-light mode for night use. The battery has a capacity of 4,000 mAh. It has two micro-SIM slots. It has metallic unibody chassis with a metallic finish. The device measures 156 by 81.2 by 7.7 millimeters and weighs 176 grams. The Vibe Z2 Pro runs Google's Android 4.4 \"KitKat\" operating system with Lenovo's Vibe 2.0 user interface. It will also come with apps such as SHAREit, for wireless content sharing, SYNCit, for data backups via cloud, and SEEit, for photo management, pre-installed. Key specifications 5 MP Secondary Camera Android v4.4 (KitKat) OS 16 MP Primary Camera Wi-Fi Enabled 6-inch Capacitive Touchscreen 2.5 GHz Qualcomm Snapdragon 801 MSM8974AC Quad Core Processor General features Brand - Lenovo SIM Size - Micro SIM Call Features - Loudspeaker Touch Screen - Yes, Capacitive SIM Type Dual Sim - GSM + GSM Model ID - Vibe Z2 Pro Display Resolution Quad HD, 2560 X 1440 Pixels Other Display Features - Gorilla Glass 3 Size - 6 Inches Reviews The Deccan Chronicle stated, \"When Lenovo asked its bunch of product development experts in Japan, China and the US, to create a flagship smartphone of its VIBE series, they were given a free hand without having to bother about a production budget. The product team delivered a monster of a phone, and it seems many in the team are professional photographers, or are at least interested in something more than selfies with multiple background options.\" References Mobile phones introduced in 2014 Android (operating system) devices Vibe Z2 Pro Mobile phones with 4K video recording Discontinued flagship smartphones", "title": "Lenovo Vibe Z2 Pro" }, { "docid": "33536966", "text": "Nokia Lumia 710 is a Windows Phone 7 smartphone. Its release is part of a change in company's direction which has resulted in a shift from Symbian platform towards Windows Phone for smartphones. While the Nokia Lumia 800 and Lumia 900 target the high-end of the smartphone marketplace, the Lumia 610 and Lumia 710 are aimed at the mid-range price point. This generation of Lumia phones ship with Windows Phone 7.5 \"Mango\". Its design is almost the same as the Symbian Nokia 603, announced just over a week earlier. It has been released in Brazil and some Western European and Asian countries. On 14 December 2011, T-Mobile and Nokia officially announced their plan to sell the Lumia 710 from 11 January 2012, for $349.99 prepaid or $49.99 with a 2-year contract with minimum of $60 per month plan and $35 per line activation fee. At CES 2012, Nokia announced that Rogers would have exclusivity for the Lumia 710 in Canada. The phone, alongside the Nokia Lumia 800, is promised to get an update to add wi-fi hotspot capabilities. On 25 February 2013, the Nokia Lumia 720, the successor of the Nokia Lumia 710, was presented. The improvements are Windows Phone 8, dual-core 1 GHz Qualcomm S4 chipset, a front-facing VGA camera, a bigger 4.2 in display, a bigger 2000 mAh battery and support for up to 64 GB microSD cards. Hardware The Nokia Lumia 710 can be personalized with exchangeable back covers. It is available in black, white with black, white, cyan, fuchsia and yellow back covers. The device has the same 1.4 GHz processor, hardware acceleration and graphics processor as the Nokia Lumia 800. This phone also features Nokia's clear black display giving it a vivid resolution. Software The Lumia 710 comes with four Nokia-exclusive applications not included by default in the Windows Phone OS: Nokia Drive, a free turn-by-turn navigation system; Nokia Maps; Nokia Music, a free streaming music service and music store; and App Highlights, a service suggesting software based on location and operator. Nokia Collection The Windows Phone market place contains a Nokia Collection section. As of April 2012, it contains the following additional applications: Nokia Transport, a location aver public transport schedule and navigation application, Creative Studio, a photo editing application, TuneIn Radio, a local and global radio streaming application, CNN, a news reader and video viewer for then CNN news network, WRC Live, an application to follow live timing and media from the FIA WRC series. Model variants Reception The Lumia 710 received mixed reviews, with some critics describing it as an affordable \"entry-level\" smartphone. CNET gave the phone 3.5 stars out of 5 and said that the 710, \"has a smooth and engaging user interface, satisfying photo quality, and 720p HD video, all in a compact and affordable package.\" CNET UK said, \"For a mid-range smart phone, the Nokia Lumia 710 has loads to offer -- it's well built, runs on easy-to-use Windows Phone, and comes with free music, sat-nav and mapping apps.\"", "title": "Nokia Lumia 710" }, { "docid": "38743496", "text": "The Lenovo IdeaPad Yoga 11S is a compact ultralight hybrid notebook/tablet computer released in late 2012. Like the Yoga 13 and the Yoga 11 the Yoga 11S gets its name from its ability to take on various form factors due to its screen being mounted on a special two-way hinge. The Yoga 11S runs the full version of Microsoft's Windows 8 operating system. Launch The Yoga 11s started shipping in the United States in June 2013. Features Design Like other models in the IdeaPad Yoga line, the Yoga 11S has a convertible form factor. Its screen can flip into a range of positions that allow it to serve as a regular laptop and tablet device as well as being able to function in \"tent mode\" and \"stand mode.\" Like the Yoga 11, the 11S is available in silver and clementine orange. Specifications The Yoga 11S can be configured with processors as powerful as Intel's \"Ivy Bridge\" Core i7 processor, will support up to a 256GB solid-state drive, and can hold as much as 8GB of RAM. The Yoga 11S has an 11.6\" display. Displays will be available with options for resolutions of 1366 by 768 pixels and 1600 by 900 pixels. The 11S runs the full version of Microsoft Windows 8. Reviews CNET writes, \"The 11-inch Yoga -- Lenovo's clever laptop/tablet hybrid -- had a great physical design, but ran the lame Windows RT operating system. The 13-inch Yoga ran full Windows 8, but was a bit too large for tablet duties. The upcoming Yoga 11S may be the \"just right\" marriage of the two: the smaller and lighter 11-inch chassis, but running full Windows 8 -- while still keeping the unique folding design.\" Writing for Slash Gear, Eric Abents states, \"In fact, at first glance, the only noticeable difference between the Yoga 13 and the Yoga 11S is size. The 11S is quite a bit smaller than the Yoga 13, but both are running Windows 8 (remember that – this isn’t Windows RT you’ll be dealing with. The fact that the Yoga series is running Windows 8 is definitely appreciated, and I’m sure it might just end up convincing a few people who are on the fence. One thing I want to point out is that I think the Yoga 11S might make a better tablet. That isn’t to say that the Yoga 13 didn’t make a good tablet (it did), it was just a little on the large side as far as slates go. The Yoga 11S fits very well in your hand, so I wouldn’t be surprised to see many people opting for tablet mode over the other configurations.\" References External links The official website exists only in specific countries such as: With specs: Without specs: Yoga 11S 2-in-1 PCs Computer-related introductions in 2012 Products and services discontinued in 2013", "title": "Lenovo IdeaPad Yoga 11S" }, { "docid": "41569646", "text": "The ThinkPad 8 is a business-oriented tablet computer with an eight-inch touchscreen, released by Lenovo in January 2014. It is one of the Lenovo's first Windows-based small-screen tablet devices, along with the Lenovo Miix 2, and also one of the first with a high-resolution full HD display. Along with the first-generation ThinkPad 10, it is part of the third generation of ThinkPad-branded tablets, succeeding the ThinkPad Tablet 2. Specifications The ThinkPad 8 has an 8.3-inch multi-touch IPS display with a 1920×1200 resolution and 16:10 aspect ratio. It is powered by Intel's \"Bay Trail\" quad-core mobile Atom Z3770 CPU, has two gigabytes of RAM, and comes with up to 128 gigabytes of internal flash storage. Micro-HDMI and USB ports allow use with an external display, and a keyboard or mouse. A microSD card slot allows storage upgrades. Models with Wi-Fi only and units with additional 4G cellular data connectivity are both available. Stereo sound is delivered through a pair of speakers placed on the device's back side. The ThinkPad 8 weighs , and it is thick. Its back is made from machine-cut aluminum and the front is all black. The rear eight-megapixel camera is surrounded by a red accent, while the two-megapixel front-facing camera blends into the face. An optional so-called \"quickshot cover\" magnetically attaches to the device and wakes it upon opening, and also has a small flap covering the rear camera that automatically starts the camera application when lifted. The ThinkPad 8 runs the Microsoft Windows 8 operating system and comes standard with Microsoft Office. History The ThinkPad 8 was launched in the United States in late January 2014, at a starting price of $449. , it has been discontinued on the Lenovo's online store in the United States. See also Comparison of tablet computers History of tablet computers ThinkPad Tablet References External links Lenovo ThinkPad 8 review: Sharp screen, worst-in-class battery life, Engadget, May 1, 2014, by Dana Wollman Review: Two 8-inch Lenovo tablets, only one clear purpose, Ars Technica, March 30, 2014, by Peter Bright Why I Won't Switch To Lenovo's ThinkPad 8, Business Insider, April 1, 2014, by Kyle Rusell Lenovo Tablet computers Tablet computers introduced in 2014", "title": "ThinkPad 8" }, { "docid": "585681", "text": "Bellur Krishnamachar Sundararaja Iyengar (14 December 1918 – 20 August 2014) was an Indian teacher of yoga and author. He is the founder of the style of yoga as exercise, known as \"Iyengar Yoga\", and was considered one of the foremost yoga gurus in the world. He was the author of many books on yoga practice and philosophy including Light on Yoga, Light on Pranayama, Light on the Yoga Sutras of Patanjali, and Light on Life. Iyengar was one of the earliest students of Tirumalai Krishnamacharya, who is often referred to as \"the father of modern yoga\". He has been credited with popularizing yoga, first in India and then around the world. The Indian government awarded Iyengar the Padma Shri in 1991, the Padma Bhushan in 2002, and the Padma Vibhushan in 2014. In 2004, Iyengar was named one of the 100 most influential people in the world by Time magazine. Early years B.K.S. Iyengar was born into a poor Sri Vaishnava Iyengar family in Bellur, Kolar district, Karnataka, India. He was the 11th of 13 children (10 of whom survived) born to Sri Krishnamachar, a school teacher, and Sheshamma. When Iyengar was five years old, his family moved to Bangalore. Four years later, the 9-year-old boy lost his father to appendicitis. Iyengar's home town, Bellur, was in the grip of the influenza pandemic at the time of his birth, and an attack of that disease left the young boy sickly and weak for many years. Throughout his childhood, he struggled with malaria, tuberculosis, typhoid fever, and general malnutrition. \"My arms were thin, my legs were spindly, and my stomach protruded in an ungainly manner\" he wrote. \"My head used to hang down, and I had to lift it with great effort.\" Education in yoga In 1934, B. K. S. Iyengar's brother-in-law, the yogi Sri Tirumalai Krishnamacharya, asked him to come to Mysore, so as to improve his health through the practice of yoga asanas. Krishnamacharya had Iyengar and other students give asana demonstrations in the Maharaja's court at Mysore, which had a positive influence on Iyengar. Iyengar considers his association with his brother-in-law a turning point in his life saying that over a two-year period \"he (Krishnamacharya) only taught me for about ten or fifteen days, but those few days determined what I have become today!\" K. Pattabhi Jois has claimed that he, and not Krishnamacharya, was Iyengar's guru. In 1937, Krishnamacharya sent Iyengar to Pune at the age of eighteen to spread the teaching of yoga. Though Iyengar had very high regard for Krishnamacharya, and occasionally turned to him for advice, he had a troubled relationship with his guru during his tutelage. In the beginning, Krishnamacharya predicted that the stiff, sickly teenager would not be successful at yoga. He was neglected and tasked with household chores. Only when Krishnamacharya's favorite pupil at the time, Keshavamurthy, left one day did serious training start. Krishnamacharya began teaching a series of difficult postures, sometimes telling him to not eat until he", "title": "B. K. S. Iyengar" }, { "docid": "38164593", "text": "The Lenovo IdeaCentre Horizon is a table PC released at the 2013 International CES as part of IdeaCentre brand. The Horizon has a 27-inch screen and is designed for multiple simultaneous users. It was designed specifically with tabletop gaming in mind but can also serve as a desktop computer. Launch The Horizon is Lenovo's first table computer. Peter Hortensius, a senior Lenovo executive said, \"We've seen technology shifts across the four screens, from the desktop to the laptop, tablet and smartphone, and yet … there is still room for technologies like Horizon that bring people together.\" The Horizon was announced at the International CES in Las Vegas. Lenovo started selling the Horizon early in the summer of 2013 at a starting price of US$1,699. Design and features The Horizon runs Windows 8 and has a 27-inch ten-point multitouch display with Aura, a software interface designed to support multiple simultaneous users. Touch based apps that can be launched with Aura include a photo browser, media players, games, and educational titles. The multitouch display, along with included detachable controllers in the form of joysticks, electronic dice, and air-hockey paddles, will facilitate game play, especially digital board games such as Monopoly. When the Horizon is placed flat a specialized user interface called a moon dial appears that allows interaction with the device from any direction. The unit can also be set upright via its rear kickstand to be used as conventional desktop computer paired with a keyboard and mouse. The Horizon has an internal battery to enable unplugged use but its size, weight of 17 pounds, and two-hour battery life it is clearly not intended to be a mobile device. The Horizon uses Intel Core i3 and Core i7 processors, can hold up to 8GB of DDR3 RAM, can be ordered with hard drives up to 1TB in size, and includes Nvidia's GeForce graphics chips. The Horizon comes with nine games pre-installed, each chosen in order to exploit the large screen and its multitouch capabilities. Major game and app developers such as Electronic Arts, FableVision, Open Labs, Ubisoft, and FilmOn TV have cooperated Lenovo to release software for the Horizon. Lenovo has launched an app store dedicated to the Horizon. Lenovo allows anyone to download the Horizon's software development kit. The Horizon was displayed with a four-wheel stand that is probably best suited for institutional environments. Lenovo also displayed the Horizon mounted flat in a coffee table with motorized sliding leaves that conceal the electronics entirely, making the table look like a normal piece of furniture. A set of motors in the table allows the screen to be raised and titled like a conventional desktop computer. Lenovo sells an optional rolling table for US$300. Reviews and awards The Horizon was named by CNET's editors \"Best of CES PCs and Tablets\" for 2013. CNET stated, \"Lenovo's Horizon Table PC received the award in the PCs and tablets category because it offers multiple new ways to use a computer, including a new way to integrate", "title": "Lenovo IdeaCentre Horizon" }, { "docid": "38607479", "text": "The Lenovo IdeaTab Lynx is an 11.6\" Atom-based Windows 8 tablet computer with keyboard dock released in late 2012. Launch The IdeaTab Lynx was released in the United States in December 2012. The Lynx tablet sold for $599 and its Accutype keyboard base was priced at $149. Features Design The Lynx is an 11.6-inch tablet. The Lynx without the dock is 11.85 × 7.4 × 0.37 inches and weighs . The keyboard dock weighs for a total . Specifications and performance The Lynx runs the full-version of Windows 8 as opposed to Windows RT. The Lynx uses a 1.8 GHz dual-core Clovertrail Intel Atom Z2760 processor, 2GB of memory, and either 32GB or 64GB of eMMC flash storage. The 11.6-inch in-plane switching display has a resolution of 1,366 x 768 resolution and supports five-point capacitive multitouch. Micro-USB and micro-HDMI ports and a microSD card slot are on Lynx table. The keyboard dock has two standard USB 2.0 ports. The Lynx also has Bluetooth 4.0, 802.11b/g/n Wi-Fi networking, stereo speakers, dual microphones, a 2-megapixel front-facing webcam. Reviews In its review of the Lynx, CNET wrote: \"The real question is, how will the Lynx stand out? One answer might be its weight. Despite its 11.6-inch screen, the tablet felt shockingly light when we held it at Lenovo's launch event. Although Lenovo says it's 1.44 pounds, the Lynx's tablet portion is closer in feel to a Kindle than an iPad, but with a larger display than either. The keyboard dock takes away from the Lynx's airiness, of course, although the two at least feel solidly linked when you use them together. The latch is so secure that you don't have to worry about accidentally dislodging the screen. We were also happy with the responsiveness of the Lynx's touchscreen, although we didn't get a chance to challenge it during our five minute hands-on.\" In a review for Financial Express Nandagopal Rajan wrote, \"The best part of the Lynx has to be the1366x768p display IPS display, which despite not being Full HD still is very clear and bright. The overall performance is good, as long as you don’t really push your luck. After all, this is powered by an Intel Atom Z2760 processor, which is just not made for heavy duty stuff. Try opening a high resolution picture and you will see what I am talking about. But then this is a great device for content consumption thanks to the screen and multimode utility.\" References Tablet computers Lenovo personal computers Computer-related introductions in 2012 Products and services discontinued in 2013", "title": "Lenovo IdeaTab Lynx" }, { "docid": "42752918", "text": "Lenovo ThinkPad 10 refers to two generations of 10-inch business-oriented tablet computers manufactured by Lenovo. Along with the ThinkPad 8, the first-generation ThinkPad 10, announced in May 2014, is part of the third-generation of ThinkPad branded tablet PCs, succeeding the ThinkPad Tablet 2. It uses Windows 8.1 as its operating system and supports a free upgrade to Windows 10. A second generation of the ThinkPad 10 was announced in May 2015. It will come with Windows 10 out of the box. Design and performance Both generations of the Lenovo ThinkPad 10 have the same design and largely identical specifications - a 10.1-inch screen size with a resolution of 1920 × 1200 (for a 16:10 aspect ratio). They both use low-energy Intel Atom quad-core processors, which differ between generations: the first generation employs a 1.6GHz Bay Trail (Z3795) processor with 7th Gen Intel HD Graphics, while the second generation uses a newer, faster 2.2 GHz or 2.4 GHz Cherry Trail (Z8500 or Z8700) processor with 8th Gen Intel HD Graphics. The ThinkPad 10 comes in various configurations, such as 64 and 128 GB variants with 2 or 4 gigabytes of RAM, and 32-bit and 64-bit versions of Microsoft Windows. An 8 megapixel back camera and a 2 megapixel front camera for making video calls are included. Stylus support (with a full-sized pen with eraser tip, the first device since the ThinkPad X Series tablets with such) and cellular data are also options. The battery is rated at 33 watt hours, while Lenovo claims a battery life of ten hours. Tests conducted by Australia's PC World showed a battery life of just under seven hours while playing a 1080p video at full brightness with Wi-Fi on. A micro-HDMI port and a USB 2.0 port (USB 3.0 on second generation) are located on the edge of the device. Accessories Lenovo put a large emphasis on the wide range of accessories available for the device. They released a keyboard case (Ultrabook Keyboard) for the ThinkPad 10 with chiclet-style keys. Another keyboard case (Touch Case) is folio-style and has a flat keyboard similar to the Microsoft Surface. Both keyboard cases have a multitouch-enabled touchpad and a slot for the stylus. A third case is ruggedized, has an adjustable hand strap on the back, gaskets to cover ports, and a stylus holder; designed to dock and charge the tablet without being removed. A larger version of the QuickShot case for the ThinkPad 8 tablet is available; It automatically opens the camera app when opened. A ThinkPad Tablet Dock is available that adds three USB 3.0 ports, a full-sized HDMI output, and an ethernet jack. Styli are also sold separately. Reviews In a review for CNET, Dan Ackerman said, \"The key selling point of the new ThinkPad 10, a 10-inch Windows 8 tablet, is not the tablet hardware itself, but the large ecosystem of optional accessories, designed to turn the slate into a laptop, desktop, or even a display kiosk. Lenovo's plan suggests the key to successful", "title": "ThinkPad 10" }, { "docid": "14339026", "text": "Acer Aspire (stylised as Λspire or ΛSPIRE) is a series of personal computers by Acer Inc. aimed at casual household users. The Aspire series covers both desktop computers and laptops. Acer developed the series to range from essentials to high performance. The Aspire mainly competes against computers such as Asus' Transformer Book Flip, VivoBook and Zenbook, Dell's Inspiron and XPS, HP's Pavilion, Spectre, Stream and Envy, Lenovo's IdeaPad, Samsung's Sens and Toshiba's Satellite. The Aspire series was first brought to the market in 1999 when the Aspire 1151 was introduced and featured a 200 MHz Intel Pentium. The Aspire series then replaced the AcerPower series in 2002 and became one of Acer's main series. Switch tablets Acer Aspire Switch is a series of two-in-one tablet computers running Windows 8, with a tablet and detachable keyboard sold together. List of Acer Aspire Switch models SW3-013 SW3-013P SW3-016 SW3-016P SW5-011 SW5-012 SW5-012P SW5-014 SW5-014P SW5-015 SW5-111 SW5-111P SW5-171 SW5-171P SW5-173 SW5-173P SW5-271 SW7-272 SW7-272P Switch 10 Acer Aspire Switch 10 was announced in April 2014. It is a 10.1-inch two-in-one, with a resolution display and Intel Atom Z3745 processor. A second-generation Acer Aspire Switch 10 was then launched in October 2014 It was given a different display resolution of , and a different Intel Atom Z3735F processor. Switch 11 Acer Aspire Switch 11 was announced in September 2014, as a larger 11.6-inch version, that was planned for release in November. There are two models of the Acer Aspire Switch 11: The Acer Aspire Switch 11 SW5-111 with an Intel Atom Z3735 processor, 2GB RAM, and a resolution display, and the Acer Aspire Switch 11 SW5-171 with an Intel Core i3 processor, 4GB RAM, and a resolution display. Laptop models Acer Markets their Aspire laptops under many different sub series such as Aspire E series, Aspire F series, Aspire M series, Aspire P series, Aspire R series, Aspire S series, Aspire V Nitro series, Aspire V series and Aspire VX series. All-in-Ones models List of Acer Aspire All-in-Ones Models 5600U 5920G 7600U A3-600 C20-220 Elxan C20-720 C22-720 C22-760 C22-860 C24-760 C24-865 C24-963 U27-880 U5-610 U5-620 U5-710 Z1100 Z1110 Z1-211 Z1220 Z1-601 Z1-602 Z1-611 Z1-612 Z1620 Z1-621 Z1-621G Z1-622 Z1-623 Z1650 Z1-751 Z1-752 Z1800 Z1801 Z1810 Z1811 Z1850 Z20-730 Z20-780 Z22-780 Z24-880 Z3100 Z3101 Z3-105 Z3-115 Z3170 Z3171 Z3280 Z3-600 Z3-601 Z3-605 Z3-610 Z3-613 Z3-615 Z3620 Z3-700 Z3-705 Z3-710 Z3-711 Z3-715 Z3730 Z3731 Z3760 Z3761 Z3770 Z3771 Z3800 Z3801 Z5101 Z5600 Z5610 Z5700 Z5710 Z5730 Z5735 Z5751 Z5760 Z5761 Z5770 Z5771 Z5801 ZC-102 ZC-105 ZC-106 ZC-107 ZC-602 ZC-605 ZC-606 ZC-610 ZC-700 ZC-700G ZS600 ZS600G 5100 series Desktop models Aspire is a series of personal computers by Acer Inc. aimed at the casual household user or for small business use. The Aspire series covers both desktop computers and laptops. Acer developed the series in order to cover from essentials to high performances. The AcerPower S series was replaced by the Aspire desktop series in 2002. The AcerPower S Series consisted of two types: the AcerPower", "title": "Acer Aspire" }, { "docid": "33172210", "text": "The Lenovo IdeaCentre is a line of consumer-oriented desktop computers designed, developed and marketed by Lenovo. The first IdeaCentre desktop, the IdeaCentre K210, was announced by Lenovo on June 30, 2008 as a consumer-focussed alternative to the business-oriented ThinkCentre and ThinkStation brandnames acquired from IBM. While the IdeaCentre line consists entirely of desktops, they share a common design language with the IdeaPad line of laptops and hybrids. One such feature is Veriface facial recognition technology. Product series A Series Lenovo's IdeaCentre A Series is a line of all-in-one desktops designed primarily for home use. B Series The IdeaCentre B Series all-in-one desktops from Lenovo were first launched in 2010. Like other desktops in the IdeaCentre product line, the B Series desktops were designed for home users. The first model in the series was the B500. K Series The 'IdeaCentre K Series desktops from Lenovo are described by the manufacturer as being gaming-oriented desktops. Typical features on the desktops include mid-range to high-end processors, discrete graphics cards, multiple hard disk drives, multiple RAM DIMMS, multiple USB ports, and multiple optical disk drives. The K Series desktops also come with a physical switch on the CPU that allows users to shift between different levels of processing power. For example, the K330 offered red for high performance, blue for moderate performance, and green for less processing- and resource-intensive tasks. The IdeaCentre K Series desktops were originally part of the Lenovo 3000 line of products. This series consisted of budget-friendly computers – both laptops and desktops. In 2008, the Lenovo 3000 series was moved by Lenovo into its ‘Idea’ line of products. The Lenovo 3000 K100 desktop was replaced by the IdeaCentre K210. The IdeaCentre line was described as having improved in term of design, while retaining the low price that was characteristic of the Lenovo 3000 line. Q Series The IdeaCentre Q Series PCs from Lenovo are a series of nettops meant primarily for home and personal use. The Q Series nettops are described by the manufacturer as being multimedia-oriented nettops. Comparing the size to a typical paperback book, Lenovo describes the Q Series nettops as the smallest desktops in production. The general features of the Q Series desktops are the small size, low energy requirements, ability to play HD video, and low noise levels. These nettops are designed to be extremely compact processing units. A nettop is a desktop computer that uses the same (or similar) components found in netbook PCs. The first nettop in the IdeaCentre Q series was the Q100, launched in 2009. Y Series Y900 Razer Edition Lenovo's Y900 Razer Edition gaming PC is the result of a partnership announced with Razer in November 2015. Lenovo equipped its existing IdeaCenter Y900 model with Razer's Chroma Full Spectrum lighting. The two companies say it is the first of many planned joint projects. This version of the Y900 is also bundled with Razer's Blackwidow Chroma mechanical keyboard and Mamba Chroma mouse. Lenovo says future products will include Razer software such as", "title": "IdeaCentre" }, { "docid": "50985512", "text": "Tittibhasana (Sanskrit: टिट्टिभासन Ṭiṭṭibhāsana) or Firefly pose is an arm-balancing asana with the legs stretched out forwards in hatha yoga and modern yoga as exercise. Variants include Bhujapidasana, with the legs crossed at the ankle, and Eka Hasta Bhujasana, with one leg stretched out forwards. Etymology and origins The name Tittibhasana comes from Sanskrit: Ṭiṭṭibha, \"small insect, firefly\", and āsana, \"posture\" or \"seat\". Indian folklore tells the story of a pair of Tittibha birds that nested by the sea; the ocean swept away their eggs, and the birds complained to Vishnu, asking for the eggs to be returned. The god gave the order, and the sea gave the eggs back. The effectiveness of the small weak birds is said to be used as a symbol of yoga, able to overcome the power of illusion in the world. The name Bhujapidasana (; IAST: Bhujapīḍāsana) comes from Bhuja () meaning \"arm\" or \"shoulder\", and Pīḍa () meaning \"pressure\". The pose is described and illustrated in the 19th century Sritattvanidhi as Mālāsana, garland pose; however, that name is given to a different asana in Light on Yoga. The pose is described in the 20th century in Krishnamacharya's 1935 Yoga Makaranda, and it was taken up by his pupils Pattabhi Jois in his Ashtanga Vinyasa Yoga and B. K. S. Iyengar in his Light on Yoga. Description Tittibhasana is described in Light on Yoga as being entered from Dvi Pada Sirsasana, a difficult sitting pose with the legs crossed behind the head, that in Iyengar's words \"requires practice\", by uncrossing the ankles, stretching the legs straight up, and pushing down on the hands to balance. It is an intermediate level asana in Ashtanga vinyasa yoga. Variations Bhujapidasana, Shoulder Pressing Pose, is similar, with the thighs resting on the upper arms, but the legs are crossed at the ankle in front of the body. Eka Hasta Bhujasana, Elephant's Trunk Pose or One Leg Over Arm Balance, has one leg stretched out straight forwards between the supporting arms. See also Bakasana – a hand balancing pose, with the shins resting on the upper arms References Sources Balancing asanas", "title": "Tittibhasana" }, { "docid": "66753056", "text": "Matthew S. Remski (born 1971) is a yoga practitioner and author who has written on the connection between yoga and conspiracy theories. His work has been informed by his past experience as a cult member. Remski was instrumental in exposing inappropriate physical contact in Yoga classes through an article that he wrote for The Walrus in 2018. Early life Matthew Remski was born in Michigan in 1971 and schooled as a Roman Catholic at Michael's Choir School, Toronto. From 1990 he worked as a church organist and choir conductor. From 1991 to 1994 he studied English literature at the University of Toronto, but did not graduate. Buddhism and yoga In 1996 Remski began \"an extensive study\" of Michael Roach's approach to Gelukpa Tibetan Buddhism. He received a Tantric initiation from Roach's lama, Khen Rinpoche Geshe Lobsang Tharchin, in 1998, visited India and Sera Mey monastery in Tibet, and studied Tibetan. From 2000, he lived in Endeavour Academy, Wisconsin Dells, in the kundalini-style cult of Charles Anderson. In 2003 he trained in Kripalu-style yoga with Darren John Main in Costa Rica, and in 2004 began to teach yoga, in his view prematurely, in Wisconsin. In 2005 he obtained a 250-hour certificate in yoga therapy at the Rocky Mountain Institute of Yoga and Ayurveda. In 2007 he began to teach yoga and ayurveda in Toronto. In 2008 Remski studied Jyotish Shastra, an East Indian form of astrology, at the Vidya Institute. He began to blog on issues to do with yoga, especially sexual abuse by yoga gurus and his \"What are We Actually Doing in Asana\" project, and is viewed as a leading thinker on these topics by other yoga practitioners. In 2014 he obtained a 500-hour yoga educator certificate from the Nosara Yoga Institute. Reception The chair of the British Wheel of Yoga, Gillian Osborne, writes of Remski's 2019 book about sexual abuse by yoga gurus, Practice and All is Coming, that \"the stories are shocking but entirely believable\". In her view, the book embodies \"considered, informed opinion and original thought\". Tara Henley, reviewing Practice and All is Coming for The Globe and Mail, writes that Remski's \"riveting\" book \"takes a deep dive into the 'toxic group dynamics' at play, mainly in the context of Ashtanga yoga, referencing numerous interviews Remski conducted with women who allege its late founder Pattabhi Jois sexually assaulted them\". Remski examines the \"'classic cultic triad' of deception, dependence and dread of leaving\", isolating the follower and preventing them from thinking clearly about what is happening. Works Poetry 1990 Et cum lazaro (Toronto: Poetency Press) 2010 Syrinx and Systole (Toronto: Quattro Books) 2014 Rosary (or, les fleurs du mala) (Matthew Remski) Novels 1997 Dying for Veronica : a sub-catholic dream with mind-music : a novel (Toronto: Insomniac Press) 1998 Silver: a novel (Toronto: Insomniac Press) Non-fiction 1993 Fool for Divinity (Montréal: Guernica) 1997 Organon vocis organalis : book II of aerial sonography (Toronto: Coach House Books) 2010 Yoga 2.0 : mala 1 : shamanic echoes (Toronto: Graha", "title": "Matthew Remski" }, { "docid": "67191437", "text": "Sensel is an electronics company based in Sunnyvale, California that builds touch input technologies . It was founded in 2013 by former Amazon engineers Ilya Rosenberg and Aaron Zarraga. Sensel's first product, the Morph, is a pressure sensitive input device for creative applications. In January 2021, it was announced that Sensel's touch technology would be incorporated in the touchpad for Lenovo’s ThinkPad X1 Titanium Yoga laptop. History Sensel co-founder and CEO Ilya Rosenberg met co-founder and CTO Aaron Zarraga while working at Amazon's Lab126. After leaving Amazon, the two founded Sensel in 2013. Together, the pair invented a new type of force sensor that could be manufactured like a printed circuit board. Sensel used Kickstarter in 2015 to bring its first product, The Morph, to market. The campaign raised $442,648. The Morph began shipping to its Kickstarter backers in 2017, and became available for direct purchase later that year. In 2019, Sensel began shipping its first new Morph Overlay since its Kickstarter campaign, the Buchla Thunder Overlay, which was created in partnership with synthesizer and MIDI controller manufacturer Buchla U.S.A. In 2021, Sensel announced its new touchpad demonstration kit with touch, force, and haptic technologies. It was also announced that Sensel's touch technology would be included in the touchpad for Lenovo's ThinkPad X1 Titanium Yoga laptop. In May 2022, Sensel announced that it has discontinued the Morph and would not bring it back into production. The possibility of some new product at some future unspecified time was suggested. References External links Official Sensel website Sensel Morph website Music technology Crowdfunded consumer goods Computer companies of the United States Computer hardware companies Computer peripheral companies Technology companies based in the San Francisco Bay Area MIDI controllers", "title": "Sensel" }, { "docid": "33137535", "text": "The M-series of desktops are part of Lenovo's ThinkCentre product line. Formerly an IBM brand, Lenovo acquired the ThinkCentre desktop brand following its purchase of IBM's Personal Computing Division (PCD) in 2005. Following its acquisition of IBM's PCD, Lenovo has released M-series desktops in multiple form factors, ranging from traditional tower, to small form factor, and all-in-ones (AIOs). 2003 In 2003, IBM redesigned and re-launched their ThinkCentre product line. The first desktop released was an M-series desktop – the M50. M50 The first desktop in IBM's redesigned ThinkCentre line was the M50, announced in 2003. The desktop offered the following specifications: Processor: Intel Pentium 4 3.0 GHz RAM: 256 MB PC2700 DDR Storage: 40 GB 7200 RPM Graphics: Intel Extreme 2 (integrated, 64MB of shared video RAM) Optical drive: 48x CD-ROM Audio: SoundMAX Cadenza audio without speakers Operating system: Microsoft Windows XP Professional USB ports: eight USB 2.0 Ports While the desktop was made available as a consumer PC, it was more suited to a corporate environment, with the limited storage and graphics capabilities. 2005 The ThinkCentre desktop released by Lenovo in 2005, following its acquisition of IBM's PCD was the M52. M52 The ThinkCentre M52 desktop was announced in May 2005 following Lenovo's acquisition of IBM's Personal Computing Division. PC World called the M52 desktop, \"A corporate machine for the security conscious business user looking for stability and reliability\". The M52 desktop was equipped with a 3 GHz Pentium 4 processors, an 80 GB hard disk drive, up to 4 GB of RAM, eight USB 2.0 ports, two serial ports, a Gigabit Ethernet connection, VGA output, and a chassis that did not require tools to open − a toolless chassis. 2006 The ThinkCentre M55, M55p, and M55e were announced by Lenovo in September 2006. M55 The ThinkCentre M55 received a positive review from PC World, with the reviewer stating that \"The Lenovo ThinkCentre M55 9BM is a compact and quiet business PC that keeps maintenance simple and makes upgrades easy. Its design and functions are well-suited to an office environment and we think it's a good choice for any business searching for a uniformed PC roll-out.\" The desktop offered the following specifications: Processor: Intel Core 2 Duo E6300 1.86 GHz RAM: 1 GB of DDR2 Storage: 80 GB Despite the fact that the desktop was capable of handling Windows Vista Business, it was preloaded with Windows XP. While the chassis was similar to previous ThinkCentre desktops, it was made smaller to fit better in office spaces. M55p The ThinkCentre M55p desktop offered the following specifications: Processor: Intel Core 2 Duo E6600 RAM: 1 GB PC2-5300 DDR2 Storage: 160 GB 7200 rpm SATA Graphics: Intel GMA 3000 Integrated Graphics (256 MB shared video RAM) Audio: Intel HD Audio Optical drive: 16x Dual Layer DVD reader/writer USB ports: ten USB 2.0 ports Operating System: Windows XP Professional It was described by About.com as being \"a very solid system for business users\" and a \"general purpose PC\" for consumers. However, both multimedia", "title": "ThinkCentre M series" }, { "docid": "33699610", "text": "The IdeaCentre K series desktops from Lenovo are described by the manufacturer as being gaming-oriented desktops. Typical features on the desktops include mid-range to high-end processors, discrete graphics cards, multiple hard disk drives, multiple RAM DIMMS, multiple USB ports, and multiple optical disk drives. The K Series desktops also come with a physical switch on the CPU that allows users to shift between different levels of processing power. For example, the K330 offered red for high performance, blue for moderate performance, and green for less processing- and resource-intensive tasks. The IdeaCentre K Series desktops were originally part of the Lenovo 3000 line of products. This series consisted of budget-friendly computers – both laptops and desktops. In 2008, the Lenovo 3000 series was moved by Lenovo into its ‘Idea’ line of products. The Lenovo 3000 K100 desktop was replaced by the IdeaCentre K210. The IdeaCentre line was described as having improved in term of design, while retaining the low price that was characteristic of the Lenovo 3000 line. 2012 The IdeaCentre K Series desktop released in 2012 was the K430. K430 The IdeaCentre K430 was introduced by Lenovo at CES 2012. The desktop, available in tower form factor, was described as being targeted at gamers, or users who needed similar levels of power. The desktop offered up to 32GB of DDR3 RAM, with storage options of a 128GB solid-state drive or up to 4TB hard disk drives. The desktop could also be optionally equipped with twin hard disks in a RAID configuration. A differentiator from Lenovo's other mainstream desktops was the choice of either NVIDIA or AMD discrete graphics. The NVIDIA graphics on offer was the GeForce GTX660 with 2GB of video RAM. The AMD offering was the AMD Radeon HD 7750 with 2GB of video RAM. 2011 The IdeaCentre K Series desktops released in 2011 were the K320 and the K330. K320 The IdeaCentre K320 was scheduled for launch early in 2010. Top Ten Reviews indicated that the desktop was versatile and one of their favorite desktops for home use. The basic version of the desktop was equipped with an Intel Core i3-530 2.93 GHz processor, Intel Graphics Media Accelerator integrated graphics, 4GB RAM, and a 500GB hard disk drive. The processor could be upgraded to the Intel Core i5-750 2.66 GHz processor, or an Intel Core i7. The graphics card could also be updated to NVIDIA or AMD discrete graphics – an NVIDIA GeForce G310 with 512MB of video RAM, or the ATI Hemlock HD graphics card with support for DirectX11. Hard drive capacity could be expanded to 640GB or 1TB. K330 The IdeaCentre K330 was also released in 2011. It offered Intel Core i3-2100 3.1 GHz processors, up to 4GB RAM, up to 1TB hard disk drive, Intel HD Graphics 2000 integrated graphics, Microsoft Windows 7 Home Premium, and a dual layer DVD reader and writer. The desktop did not score well on a benchmarking test for the game Crysis. At medium detail, a resolution of 1280x720, and", "title": "IdeaCentre K series" }, { "docid": "12866464", "text": "Yoga (योग), a Sanskrit word with a general meaning of \"connection, conjunction, attachment, union\": a generic term for several physical, mental, and spiritual disciplines originating in ancient India. Yoga may also refer to: Sanskrit word Yoga Yoga (philosophy), one of the six schools of Hindu philosophy Raja Yoga, a term originally referring to samadhi, but was redefined by Vivekananda Hatha Yoga, a system of physical postures, pranayama and visualization that is partly derived from tantra Yoga as exercise, the worldwide form of exercise derived from Hatha Yoga during the 20th century Three Yogas, a concept of three alternate paths to moksha (liberation of soul) in Hinduism Asrava, an activity of the mind or body, a cause of Karma in Jainism Yoga (Hindu astrology), the term for \"conjunction\" in Hindu astrology Yoga (Hindu astronomy), one of the five limbs in Panchangam in Sanskrit grammar, a grammatical construction or application of a rule in the Ashtadhyayi Similar words: Yuga, an age or epoch in Hindu chronology Japanese words Yōga, Tokyo (用賀), a neighbourhood of Tokyo Yōga Station (用賀駅), a railway station on the Tokyu Den-en-toshi Line located in Tokyo Yōga (art) (洋画, literally \"Western-style paintings\") Other uses Yoga (book), a 2020 book by Emmanuel Carrère Yoga (fish), a genus of gobiid fishes Lenovo Yoga, a computer brand \"Yoga\", an episode of the television series Teletubbies \"Yoga\" (Janelle Monáe and Jidenna song), 2015 Yoga (Brooke Candy and Only Fire song), 2022 \"Yoga\", a song by bbno$ from his album Eat Ya Veggies See also Yog (disambiguation) Jog (disambiguation) Joga (disambiguation) Yogi (disambiguation) Jogi (disambiguation) Yogo (disambiguation)", "title": "Yoga (disambiguation)" }, { "docid": "41079751", "text": "The Lenovo Vibe Z is an Android smartphone with a 5.5-inch screen released in late 2013. Design and performance Software The Vibe Z originally ran Android 4.2.2 \"Jelly Bean\". It now comes with Android 4.3 and Lenovo has announced an upgrade to 4.4 Lenovo customized the dialer in order to facilitate one handed dialling. Lenovo has also included numerous proprietary apps. SECUREit includes antivirus, child safety, privacy and anti-theft functionality. SYNCit backs up and restores contacts, messages, and call logs. SHAREit facilitates file sharing, including via direct connections using Bluetooth and ad-hoc wi-fi. Power Manager extends battery life and protects the battery from premature failure. UC Browser, Navigate 6, Skype, Twitter, Facebook, Accuweather, CamScanner, CamCard, Kingsoft Office, and a some games like Asphalt 7 and Real Football 14 come pre-installed. Hardware The Vibe Z is powered by a 2.2 gigahertz Qualcomm Snapdragon 800 processor, the same processor used in the Samsung Galaxy Note 3 and the Sony Xperia Z1, and comes with 2 gigabytes of RAM. It has a 5.5-inch IPS display with 1080p resolution. The Vibe Z uses a relatively large 1/3.06-inch backlit 13-megapixel camera sensor paired with a f/1.8 lens and a dual-LED flash in order to achieve good low-light performance and the ability to take ten pictures per second. Lenovo says that a proprietary low-light algorithm further enhances performance. The 5-megapixel front-facing camera has a wide-angle lens with an 84-degree field of view. Lenovo offers a WCDMA + GSM model for China Unicom subscribers, a CDMA2000 + GSM model is available for use on China Telecom, and a LTE + GSM model for the international market. The case is plastic but has metallic finish. It has an anti-fingerprint finish, like that on the Lenovo Vibe X, on its back. The backplate is sealed and cannot be removed to access the battery. The cover includes a touchpad that allows users to accept and reject calls without opening it. The power button is located on top of the shell. The volume rocker is on the left side, while the right side only has a retractable tray for SIM cards. The bottom of the Vibe Z has a standard headset port and a Micro USB port. Lenovo is selling flip covers in multiple colors for the Vibe Z. Lenovo says its battery offers up to 278 hours of standby time. Reviews A review published in Gizbot stated, \"If you still haven't checked out the super dual cameras that are available with the Vibe Z, it's high time you did yourself a favor and checked out YouTube for related camera videos. And if you don't have that much time in your hand, let us tell you that Vibe Z makes a strong statement with its 5-megapixel front camera and 84° wide angle lens for high quality self shots, apart from amazing video chat quality. Users can also snap sensational low light images courtesy of a 13 megapixel rear camera in the rear that's fitted with BSI sensor, and can shoot 1080p", "title": "Lenovo Vibe Z" }, { "docid": "34188949", "text": "The IdeaPad tablets from Lenovo were a brand of consumer-oriented tablet computers designed for home use or entertainment, as opposed to the business-focused ThinkPad Tablet series. Devices sold in certain countries, such as China, India and New Zealand, were sold under the LePad brand, similar to the LePhone series of smartphones. IdeaPad-branded tablets have been produced with the Android and Windows operating systems. The IdeaPad brand has been gradually phased out in recent years, being replaced by the general \"Tab\" brand for Android devices and the \"Miix\" brand for Windows devices, with the exception of several distinctive hardware lines such as the Yoga series. 2014 Lenovo Yoga Tablet 2 Pro The Yoga Tablet 2 Pro is 13-inch tablet with a built-in projector. It has a 9,600 mAh battery that Lenovo claims will last up to 15 hours of continuous use. Its display has a resolution of 2,560 pixels by 1,440 pixels. 32 gigabytes of built-in storage come standard but can be expanded to 64 gigabytes with a microSD card. The Yoga Tablet 2 Pro, like previous Yoga tablets, has a thin body with a thick cylindrical base. The thick base is designed to make holding the device in portrait mode more comfortable. The device's projector is mounted here. The projector has a resolution of 854 pixels by 480 pixels. Sound is provided by stereo speakers and a subwoofer but-in to the base. A10 The Lenovo A10 tablet is a 10.1-inch tablet computer that runs Android. 2012 IdeaTab Lynx The Lenovo IdeaTab Lynx was released in the United States in December 2012. The Lynx tablet sold for $599 and its Accutype keyboard base was priced at $149. The Lynx is an 11.6-inch tablet. The Lynx without the dock is 11.85 inches by 7.4 inches by 0.37 inches and weighs 1.41 pounds. This is approximately the same weight and thickness as the third generation Apple iPad. The keyboard dock weighs 1.45 pounds for a total 2.86 pounds. The Lynx runs the full-version of Windows 8 as opposed to Windows RT. The Lynx uses a 1.8 GHz dual-core Clovertrail Intel Atom Z2760 processor, 2GB of memory, and either 32GB or 64GB of eMMC flash storage. The 11.6-inch in-plane switching display has a resolution of 1,366 x 768 resolution and supports five-point capacitive multitouch. Micro-USB and micro-HDMI ports and a microSD card slot are on Lynx table. The keyboard dock has two standard USB 2.0 ports. The Lynx also has Bluetooth 4.0, 802.11b/g/n Wi-Fi networking, stereo speakers, dual microphones, a 2-megapixel front-facing webcam. In its review of the Lynx, CNET wrote: \"The real question is, how will the Lynx stand out? One answer might be its weight. Despite its 11.6-inch screen, the tablet felt shockingly light when we held it at Lenovo's launch event. Although Lenovo says it's 1.44 pounds, the Lynx's tablet portion is closer in feel to a Kindle than an iPad, but with a larger display than either. The keyboard dock takes away from the Lynx's airiness, of course, although the", "title": "IdeaPad tablets" }, { "docid": "2307516", "text": "Be Here Now, or Remember, Be Here Now, is a 1971 book on spirituality, yoga, and meditation by the American yogi and spiritual teacher Ram Dass (born Richard Alpert). The core book was first printed in 1970 as From Bindu to Ojas and its current title comes from a statement his guide, Bhagavan Das, made during Ram Dass's journeys in India. The cover features a mandala incorporating the title, a chair, radial lines, and the word \"Remember\" repeated four times. Be Here Now has been described by multiple reviewers as \"seminal\", and helped popularize Eastern spirituality and yoga with the baby boomer generation in the West. Summary The book is divided into four sections: Journey: The Transformation: Dr. Richard Alpert, Ph.D., into Baba Ram Dass From Bindu to Ojas: The Core Book Cookbook for a Sacred Life: A Manual for Conscious Being Painted Cakes (Do Not Satisfy Hunger): Books The first section is a short autobiography, describing Alpert's successes as a psychologist, his research with Timothy Leary into psychedelics at Harvard, and his subsequent anxiety when this research did not resolve his spiritual questions. He then describes his first journey to India and his initiation into a Guru-chela relationship with Neem Karoli Baba, and spiritual renaming as \"Baba Ram Dass\", or \"servant of god\". Ram Dass closes the first section of the book with this passage: The second section, the largest, is a free-form collection of metaphysical, spiritual, and religious reflections accompanied by illustrations. The narrative flow, in the form of a continuous free-verse poem, addresses the reader directly, with Dass's insights gained through different spiritual traditions. The third section is a manual for starting on a spiritual path, and includes various techniques for yoga, pranayama, and meditation, as well as quotations from respected teachers of many spiritual traditions. The last section, \"Painted Cakes Do Not Satisfy Hunger\" (a Zen commentary on liturgy), contains a list of recommended books on religion, spirituality, and consciousness. The book lists are divided into \"Books to hang out with\", \"Books to visit with now & then\", and \"Books it's useful to have met\". Publishing history The book has remained in print since its initial publication in 1971, with more than two million copies sold. The work was originally distributed in pamphlet form by the Lama Foundation, then published as a book in 1971. Its original title was From Bindu to Ojas, with illustrations by Lama community residents. In 1971, when Be Here Now was first published by the Lama Foundation in New Mexico, some preliminary copies were sent to India. That original edition underwent several revisions as noted later by Ram Dass in Be Love Now (2010): \"When it was read to Maharaj-ji, he told me to change some of the parts about Baba Hari Dass, who had been my sadhana tutor...\" Those changes, introduced after \"Hari Dass was no longer involved in the intense physical work and management of the Nainital temples\", were presented without a critical revision. In 1977, the Lama Foundation", "title": "Be Here Now (book)" }, { "docid": "41082081", "text": "The Lenovo IdeaPad Flex is a 2-in-1-laptop line by Lenovo. Unlike the Lenovo IdeaPad Yoga line of devices, the keyboard does not bend back entirely to allow use as a tablet, it is only a dual-mode laptop. Its keyboard rotates behind the display in order to put the device into \"stand mode.\" Stand mode brings the user closer to the screen for watching videos and using touch-enabled apps and removes the visual distraction from the keyboard. Models Current lines IdeaPad Flex 3 IdeaPad Flex 5 IdeaPad Flex 6 Short-living line with two screen options: 14\" and 11\". Early lines IdeaPad Flex 10 The Lenovo IdeaPad Flex 10 is dual-mode laptop with a 10-inch screen. It gets its name from its lid that can fold back flat and then around 300 degrees. The 2014's Flex 10's has display features multitouch capability and has a resolution of 1366×768. Buyers can select configurations with the quad-core (Pentium N3510, or Celeron N2910), or the dual-core (Celeron N2810, or Celeron N2805) Intel CPUs. The Pentium configuration can hold up to 4 gigabytes of RAM and the Celeron configurations can hold 2 gigabytes. The Flex 10 shares the same basic ports and design as the Flex 15 and the IdeaPad A10. According to a review from NDTV Gadgets, \"It's clear that Lenovo allocated most of this device's cost to its more visible features. In terms of functionality, it is best thought of as a modern-day netbook: good enough for surfing the Web, creating basic documents and watching movies now and then, but not suitable for any serious work.\" IdeaPad Flex 14 Design and performance - Like other Lenovo devices such as the Yoga, the Flex has a matte, smooth lid that tapers slightly at the sides with a Lenovo logo in the upper left corner. Some models have orange accents, a feature often found in Lenovo's designs. Rubber bumpers prevent the screen from being rotated beyond 300 degrees and prevent the keyboard from contacting the table. It has a display with a resolution of 1920 x 1080 and ten-point multitouch capability. Models with Intel Core i5 and i7 processors are available. 8 gigabytes of RAM comes standard and up to 16 gigabytes. Storage is available from 256 gigabytes PCIe SSD. An Nvidia GeForce MX130 video card (Nvidia Geforce GT 820 M in the 2014 version)with 2 gigabytes of video RAM is an option. A 0.9 megapixel webcam is included. 802.11 ac Wi-Fi and Bluetooth 4.1 standards are all supported. It comes with a Qualcomm Atheros Internet Card. Ports include HDMI, two USB 3.0 and one USB-C. An SD card reader allows for expandable storage. (Two USB 2 Ports and one USB 3 port with HDMI AND and SD Card reader were present in the older versions) A 45 watt-hour battery provides up to seven hours of unplugged use. The model with an 8th-gen Intel Core i5-8250U CPU and 8GB of RAM achieved a score of 12,130 points on Geekbench 4. The Flex 14 runs Windows 10.", "title": "IdeaPad Flex" }, { "docid": "36461547", "text": "The Lenovo IdeaCentre A720 is an all-in-one desktop computer with a 27-inch touchscreen released by Lenovo in 2012. Specifications and features The A720 has a 27-inch frameless glossy screen with a resolution of 1920x1080 and capacitive touch technology. The A720's screen is only 21.5 inches due to the bessle . Lenovo claims it is the slimmest in its class. The hinge connecting the base to the display is key to the design of the A720. The screen is anchored by a base which includes most of the unit's hardware and all of its ports. Lenovo says that this design makes ports more accessible. The A720 uses a quad-core Intel Core-i7 processor, 8 gigabytes of RAM, and a 1-terabyte hard drive. A DVD-drive comes standard and an upgrade to Blu-ray is an option. Ports include ethernet, two USB 3.0 and two USB 2.0 connections respectively, and HDMI ports for both input and output. The A720's ability to accept HDMI input allows for using the screen with external devices. An internal TV-tuner is optional. A wireless mouse and keyboard that connect via Wi-Fi are included. Reviews A review published in the Bangkok Post stated, \"With all its merits, the A720 is not the perfect home computing solution. It is the most expensive on the market, has a very reflective screen, suffers the same service issues as notebooks with its compact form factor, and its touchscreen has few applications (for now). But the screen is fantastic (reflection issues apart), it's plenty powerful and it can be used as a replacement TV, which should win many punters over.\" In a review published by ZDNet, James Kendrick wrote, \"The 27-inch display is simply gorgeous whether working on the desktop or playing video in full-screen glory. The latter is a key function of the A720, whether using the Blu-ray drive or other video source. There is an optional TV tuner and full remote control to turn the system into an HD TV system. This is such a good desktop PC that it's easy to forget that it supports full touch operation. This is very precise and handles 10 finger touch. The display swivels down at virtually any angle for touch operation, including almost flat on the desktop.\" References Products introduced in 2012 Lenovo", "title": "Lenovo IdeaCentre A720" }, { "docid": "38604328", "text": "The Lenovo IdeaPad Yoga 11 is a hybrid laptop/tablet Windows RT-based computer released in late 2012. The Yoga 11 gets its name from its ability to change form factors thanks to the two-way hinge used to mount its display. It was discontinued on July 17, 2013, due to the poor sales of Windows RT devices. Features Design The Yoga 11 and Yoga 13 computers get their name from their unique design that enables the devices to rotate their screen backwards to become tablet devices. According to PC Pro, \"The hybrid design is immensely flexible. Prop the Yoga 11 up in 'tent mode', and the touchscreen can be angled just so. Lay the keyboard facing the desk, and the screen can be tilted back and forth while sturdy-feeling hinges keep the display from flopping backwards. Fold the screen all the way back, and hidden magnets hold it clamped shut against the underside, transforming it into a tablet.\" The Yoga 11 has slim chassis with a matte orange exterior finish and an all-black interior that weighs 2.79 pounds. It has a full-size QWERTY keyboard. According to TechRadar, the \"large, well-cushioned keys offer a far better experience than Microsoft Surface, and there's a large trackpad as well.\" Specifications The Yoga 11 is powered by a quad-core Nvidia Tegra 3 that runs at a maximum clock speed of 1.3 GHz and features an integrated graphics processor. The Tegra 3 is also found in numerous Android-based tablets. 2GB of RAM comes standard. This relatively small amount of RAM is sufficient due to the reduced memory requirements of Windows RT applications. The Yoga 11 is sold with solid state drives in 32GB and 64GB capacities. The Yoga 11 runs the Windows RT operating system. Microsoft Office 2013 ships pre-installed. Like all Windows RT devices, the Yoga 11 cannot run software designed for earlier versions of Windows, only apps designed for the new Metro interface are compatible. According to performance tests run by TechRadar using SunSpider and Peacekeeper benchmarking software, the Yoga 11 runs slightly slower than the Microsoft Surface RT, which uses the same processor. The Yoga 11 was able to run 9 hours and 32 minutes in battery tests, significantly outperforming the Microsoft Surface RT. In a test conducted by PC Pro the batteries took 11 hours and 58 minutes to run down. The Yoga 11 has an 11.6-inch glossy screen that makes use of in-plane switching technology and runs at a resolution of 1366x768. The screen has a maximum brightness of only 344 nits, but has a measured contrast ratio of 1,146:1. There are two USB 2.0 ports, an SD card reader, a 3.5mm headphone jack, and a standard HDMI output. There is a built-in 720P webcam. System restore Windows RT comes with an integrated system restore utility. It is also possible to create a USB recovery drive. An external USB recovery drive is essential in case the data on your hard disk has been compromised up to the point where the system can", "title": "Lenovo IdeaPad Yoga 11" }, { "docid": "40729498", "text": "The Lenovo IdeaPad Yoga 2 Pro is an Ultrabook-class convertible device that can be used as both a tablet and laptop computer in the IdeaPad series. Lenovo unveiled the Yoga 2 Pro at the 2013 IFA in Berlin, Germany. It went on sale in the United States in October 2013. It comes in two colors, silver gray and clementine orange, and is designed for flexibility—allowing the user to use it in a variety of situations. Because of the durable hinge that allows the screen to swivel 360 degrees, the Yoga 2 Pro is able to fully utilize Windows 8 and its emphasis on touchscreen integration. The Yoga 2 Pro is the first laptop to earn a Green Mark certification from TUV that recognizes Lenovo for environmentally friendly manufacturing processes and low energy consumption. Design and Performance The Yoga 2 Pro is an Ultrabook-class device. It weighs , is 0.61 inch thick and has tapered edges, giving it an appearance more like a conventional ultrabook laptop vs the earlier model's \"book-like\" symmetrical design. The Yoga 2 Pro features a 360-Degree Flip-and-Fold design that encompasses four modes—laptop, stand, tablet, and tent mode and has a subtle rubber trim around the edge of its top half in order to prevent slipping on hard surfaces when in tent mode. It comes with a backlit AccuType keyboard and features stereo speakers with Dolby Home Theater. Unlike earlier Yoga products, the home button is now a touch-key on the bottom center of the display. Lenovo moved the power button away from the front and to the side in order to prevent accidental key presses. The base package comes an Intel Core i3 4010U, 4 gigabytes of RAM and 128 gigabytes solid state drive with configurations up to an Intel Core i7 4500U, 8 gigabytes of RAM and 512 gigabyte solid state drive. The 13.3-inch screen uses in-plane switching (IPS) technology and has a QHD+ (3,200 × 1,800) 10-point multitouch display with a brightness of 350 nits. The Yoga 2 Pro come with Intel Wireless Display technology in order to conform to the Ultrabook specification. The ports it comes with are a USB 3.0, a USB 2.0, a micro-HDMI, a 2-in-1 card reader, and a combo jack. Lenovo claims a battery life of up to nine hours. The Yoga 2 Pro comes pre-installed with Phone Companion, Camera Man, Photo Touch, and Chef apps. It includes a software called Lenovo Picks that detects the position of the device and recommends apps for each mode. For example, in stand mode with the screen facing outward, it assumes that you might want to use Skype or Netflix. Phone Companion is a utility that copies content such as documents and hyperlinks and sends them to your phone as a text message and Lenovo Photo Touch and Lenovo Camera Man are included for taking and editing pictures. Lenovo Chef is an included recipe app with motion and voice control. Specifications Reviews Dan Ackerman of CNET wrote, \"I'm pleased to see a backlit", "title": "Lenovo Yoga 2 Pro" }, { "docid": "33138298", "text": "Lenovo's IdeaCentre A Series is a line of all-in-one desktops designed primarily for home use and the consumer PC segment. The sections below describe the IdeaCentre A Series desktops, categorized by their year of release. 2014 A740 Lenovo released the IdeaCentre A740 in 2014. The A740 is an all-in-one desktop computer with a 27-inch touchscreen supporting 10-finger multitouch. The top-of-the line version has a WQHD resolution (2560x1440) and comes with the Intel Core i7-4558U quad-core (low-voltage) processor and an NVIDIA GeForce GTX 850M graphics card in addition to the internal Intel HD graphics processor. The 1TB harddrive is a Solid State Hybrid Drive which includes an 8GB SSD. 2013 A730 Lenovo released the IdeaCentre A730 in 2013. The A730 is an all-in-one desktop computer with a 27-inch touchscreen, and an NVIDIA GeForce GT 745M graphics card. 2012 A720 Lenovo released the IdeaCentre A720 in 2012. The A720 is an all-in-one desktop computer with a 27-inch touchscreen. 2011 The ThinkCentre A Series desktops released by Lenovo in 2011 were the A700 and the A320. A700 Released in March 2011, the A700 all-in-one desktop was equipped with an Intel i-720QM 1.60 GHz processor, 8GB DDR3 SDRAM, a 23-inch display with a maximum resolution of 1920x1080 and multitouch features, 1TB SATA II 7200 RPM hard disk drive, and AMD ATI Mobility Radeon HD 5650 discrete graphics. The A700 also came with Dolby stereo sound and JBL speakers, had dimensions of 16.9 x 22.4 x 2.8 inches and weighed 32.6 pounds. The pros of the desktop were listed as the large screen with multi-touch capabilities, the TV tuner and the HDMI IN port. The cons were listed as the ‘quirky’ touchscreen and the speakers. A320 The A320 was the successor to the A310 and Lenovo's slimmest AIO at the time. The desktop was 18mm thick at its thinnest point. The desktop also offered a 1080p 21.5 inch display, options for an Intel Core i3 or Core i5 Sandy Bridge processor. Other specifications on the desktop included up to 8GB of RAM, a 750GB hard disk drive, and a built-in TV tuner. Users could watch TV without booting the operating system. 2010 The IdeaCentre A Series desktops released in 2010 were the A300 and the A310. A300 Released in June 2010, the IdeaCentre A300 desktop was described by Engadget as “gorgeous” and “attention-grabbing”. The desktop included an Intel Core 2 Duo T6600 processor, 4GB of DDR3 memory, a 500GB hard disk drive, Intel GMA X4500 integrated HD graphics. The desktop was described by PCMag as being appropriate for digital entertainment requirements (like movies and audio) but not 3D games. The desktop did not include an optical drive, or a remote for the Media Center and TV features. The IdeaCentre A310 was awarded four of five stars by PCMag. A310 Released in November 2010, the IdeaCentre A310 desktop represented an update to the A300. The chassis was the same as the A300, with a slim screen and components contained in the base. To compensate for the", "title": "IdeaCentre A series" }, { "docid": "70084007", "text": "Bardo yoga deals with navigating the bardo state in between death and rebirth. It is one of the Six Dharmas of Naropa (, Skt. ṣaḍdharma, \"Naro's six doctrines\" or \"six teachings\"), a set of advanced Tibetan Buddhist tantric practices compiled by the Indian mahasiddhas Tilopa and Nāropa (1016-1100 CE) and passed on to the Tibetan translator-yogi Marpa Lotsawa (c. 1012). Tilopa's oral instructions state: The yogi at the time of death withdraws the energies of the senses and elements, and directs energies of sun and moon to the heart, giving rise to a myriad of yogic samadhis. Consciousness goes to outer objects, but he regards them as objects of a dream. The appearances of death persist for seven days, or perhaps as much as seven times seven, and then one must take rebirth. At that time meditate on deity yoga or simply remain absorbed in emptiness. After that, when the time comes for rebirth, use the deity yoga of a tantric master and meditate on guru yoga with whatever appears. Doing that will arrest the experience of the bardo. This is the instruction of Sukhasiddhi. According to Gyalwa Wensapa, one should practice tummo before death to experience radiance and then arise as Buddha Vajradhara in one's bardo body. Gampopa's presentation Gampopa's Closely Stringed Pearls describe a \"practical guidance\" (dmar khrid) on the process of the interim state or in between state. It gives a long explanation of the death process and how it is experienced by the dying person. The interim state is said to occur after death for up to seven weeks until the next rebirth. There are three parts of these instructions: recognizing the radiance in the first interim recognizing the illusory body in the second interim blocking the door to the womb in the third interim The process of dying is outlined as follows. First the five outer sense perceptions dissolve, one by one. Then the four material elements dissolve. When the earth element dissolves the body feels like sinking, when the water element dissolves spit and snot come out of the mouth and nose, and one's mouth and nose become dry. When the fire element dissolves, body heat disappears and the extremities shake and twitch. When the air element dissolves, breathing becomes irregular and eventually stops. Then the consciousness dissolves into light and the dying person sees a weak light, like the moon rising and their consciousness becomes smoky. Then comes the phase of rising, in which one sees a more intense light, which is like a sunrise, while one's consciousness flickers like fireflies. Then during the phase of arrival, one finds oneself in dense darkness and one's consciousness is weak like the light of a single flame. Then, the phase of arrival dissolves into the radiance (’od gsal) of emptiness, dharmakaya, which is found in all beings. For a yogi who has practiced meditation on radiance before, their radiance meditation merges with the natural radiance easily. The second instruction on recognizing the illusory body is", "title": "Bardo yoga" }, { "docid": "25797006", "text": "Lenovo Skylight was a small portable computer with mobile data capabilities (sometimes called a smartbook) designed by Lenovo. The project was announced in January 2010, but was cancelled less than six months later. History Qualcomm was rumored to announce a smartbook at an analyst meeting on November 12, 2009. A Lenovo device concept was shown, and reported that it would be announced officially at the Consumer Electronics Show of January 2010. The Lenovo device was expected to be sold through AT&T carrier in the US. A Lenovo device was submitted to the FCC earlier in October, rumored to be the smartbook in question. In early January 2010, it was announced that the Lenovo smartbook's name would be \"Skylight\" and more detailed specifications were made public. Some of the design differences from a traditional notebook included a semicircular shape, relatively larger touchpad, and Universal Serial Bus connector which extends out from the keyboard surface. The Skylight used the Snapdragon technology from Qualcomm with a custom Linux operating system. In May 2010 the product was cancelled. References External links Linux-based devices Skylight Smartbooks Computer-related introductions in 2010", "title": "Lenovo Skylight" }, { "docid": "11659675", "text": "A vinyasa (, IAST: ) is a smooth transition between asanas in flowing styles of modern yoga as exercise such as Vinyasa Krama Yoga and Ashtanga Vinyasa Yoga, especially when movement is paired with the breath. Description The vinyasa forms of yoga used as exercise, including Pattabhi Jois's 1948 Ashtanga Vinyasa Yoga and its spin-off schools such as Beryl Bender Birch's 1995 Power Yoga and others like Baptiste Yoga, Jivamukti Yoga, Vinyasa Flow Yoga, Power Vinyasa Yoga, and Core Strength Vinyasa Yoga, derive from Krishnamacharya's development of a flowing aerobic style of yoga in the Mysore Palace in the early 20th century. Krishnamacharya's usage According to Ashtanga Vinyasa Yoga's official history, Krishnamacharya learned the complete system of asanas (postures) and vinyasas (transitions) from an otherwise unknown document, the Yoga Kurunta, supposedly written 5,000 years ago by Vamana Rishi; the history tells that Krishnamacharya copied it out and taught it, unmodified, to Pattabhi Jois. However, the original manuscript was supposedly destroyed by ants, and no copy survives; neither Jois nor any other of Krishnamacharya's pupils transcribed it, as would have been expected in a traditional guru-shishya relationship. Further, Krishnamacharya \"surprising[ly]\" did not cite the text in his 1935 Yoga Makaranda or his c. 1941 Yogasanagalu. The Yogasanagalu did contain tables of asanas and vinyasas, and these are \"comparable\" to Jois's system, but far from being fixed as written in an ancient manuscript, Krishnamacharya's \"jumping\" yoga style at the Mysore palace was constantly changing, adapted to the needs of specific pupils according to their ages, constitutions (deha), vocations (vrttibheda), capabilities (sakti), and paths (marga); the approach was \"experimental\". In contrast, the system that Krishnamacharya taught to Jois and that became the basis of Ashtanga Vinyasa Yoga was fixed. This may have been because Jois had to teach at the Sanskrit Pathasala in 1933, while Krishnamacharya's other pupils were studying at his Yogasala, so he may, Mark Singleton suggests, have taught the 18-year-old Jois a simple fixed sequence suitable for a novice teacher to use with large groups of boys. Norman Sjoman notes that Krishnamacharya cited the 19th century Sritattvanidhi which documents asanas used in the Mysore palace in his early writings; his early vinyasas developed into forms more like those of Jois, something that Sjoman takes as evidence that Krishnamacharya created rather than inherited the vinyasas: \"It was not an inherited format\". Krishnamacharya used \"vinyasa\" in at least two different ways. One was in a broad sense to mean \"an appropriately formulated sequence of steps (krama) for approaching a given posture\". The other was a \"stage in the execution of an asana\". For example, in Yoga Makaranda the Sarvangasana sequence is introduced with the words \"This has 12 vinyasas [stages]. The 8th vinyasa is the asana sthiti [the actual pose].\" Pattabhi Jois's usage In contrast, Pattabhi Jois used \"vinyasa\" in a narrower sense to mean \"the repetitious linking movements\" between the asanas of Ashtanga Vinyasa Yoga. The Ashtanga yoga teacher Gregor Maehle explains that this flowing style \"creates a movement meditation\". The", "title": "Vinyāsa" }, { "docid": "34843274", "text": "Lenovo Yoga (stylized as Lenovo YOGA or simply YOGΛ) is a line of consumer-oriented laptop computers, tablets, and all-in-one computers designed, developed and marketed by Lenovo, named for their ability to assume multiple form factors due to a hinged screen. The line currently competes against other 2-in-1 PCs such as the HP Spectre. 2012 Lenovo IdeaPad Yoga 13 The Yoga 13's capacitive touch display allows for up to 10-point touch control. The Yoga 13 is powered by an Intel Chief River platform, using an Ivy Bridge processor, has 4 GB or 8 GB of RAM, and SSD with 128 GB or 256 GB. The battery life of the Yoga 13 is estimated to be around eight hours. After testing the Yoga 13's battery life, TechRadar said, \"Our only real concern is that the battery life is squarely average. In our Battery Eater test, which maxes out the system until the battery dies, we only clocked 177 minutes, which is short of the 200-minute gold standard. This said, in normal day-to-day usage, we experienced closer to six to eight hours of life, depending on the screen brightness and CPU saturation.\" The Yoga 13 makes use of a 13.3-inch display with a resolution of 1600 × 900. The display uses an IPS panel in order to provide wide viewing angles and maintain the thin profile of the Yoga 13. The Yoga 13 has 720p front-facing webcam. It has one USB 3.0 port and one USB 2.0 port, an HDMI output, a memory card reader, and a combo jack for audio input and output. The 13-inch Yoga was released by Lenovo on 26 October 2012. Best Buy released an alternative version of the Yoga 13 with an Intel Core i5 processor (vs. Lenovo's base model's i3 processor) and no Microsoft Office (whereas Lenovo's base model includes Microsoft Office). Its smaller cousin, Yoga 11, which runs Windows RT (as opposed to the Yoga 13, running Windows 8), was released in December 2012. Lenovo IdeaPad Yoga 11 The Yoga 11 is powered by a quad-core Nvidia Tegra 3 that runs at a maximum clock speed of 1.3 GHz and features an integrated graphics processor. The Tegra 3 is also found in numerous Android-based tablets. 2 GB of RAM comes standard. This relatively small amount of RAM is sufficient due to the reduced memory requirements of Windows RT applications. The Yoga 11 was sold with solid state drives in 32 GB and 64 GB capacities. The Yoga 11 ran the Windows RT operating system. Microsoft Office 2013 ships pre-installed. Like all Windows RT devices, the Yoga 11 cannot run software designed for earlier versions of Windows, only apps designed for the new Metro interface are compatible. The Lenovo IdeaPad Yoga 11 was released in late 2012. It was discontinued on July 17, 2013 due to the poor sales of Windows RT devices. 2013 ThinkPad Yoga The ThinkPad Yoga has a \"backlit\" keyboard that flattens when flipped into tablet mode. This is accomplished with a platform surrounding", "title": "Lenovo Yoga" }, { "docid": "2540733", "text": "Pashchimottanasana (), Seated Forward Bend, or Intense Dorsal Stretch is a seated forward-bending asana in hatha yoga and modern yoga as exercise. Janusirsasana is a variant with one knee bent out to the side; Upavishthakonasana has the legs straight and wide apart. Etymology and origins The name Paschimottanasana comes from the Sanskrit words paschima (पश्चिम, paścima) meaning \"west\" or \"the back of the body\"; uttana (उत्तान, uttāna) meaning \"intense stretch\" or \"straight\" or \"extended\"; and asana (आसन, āsana) meaning \"posture\" or \"seat\". The pose is described in the 15th-century Hatha Yoga Pradipika, chapter 1, verses 28-29. The name Dandasana (; IAST: daṇḍāsana) is from Sanskrit दण्ड daṇḍa meaning \"stick\" or \"staff\". The pose is not found in the medieval hatha yoga texts. The 19th century Sritattvanidhi uses the name Dandasana for a different pose, the body held straight, supported by a rope. The yoga scholar Norman Sjoman notes, however, that the traditional Indian Vyayama gymnastic exercises include a set of movements called \"dands\", similar to Surya Namaskar and to the vinyasas used in modern yoga. The name Janusirsasana (; IAST: jānu śīrṣāsana) comes from the Sanskrit जानु (jānu) meaning \"knee\" and शीर्ष (śīrṣa) meaning \"head\". The pose is a modern one, first seen in the 20th century. It is described in Krishnamacharya's 1934 Yoga Makaranda, and in the works of his pupils, B. K. S. Iyengar's 1966 Light on Yoga and Pattabhi Jois's Ashtanga Vinyasa Yoga. The name Upavishthakonasana (; IAST: upaviṣṭa koṇāsana) is from the Sanskrit उपविष्ट (upaviṣṭa) meaning \"open\" and कोण (koṇa) meaning \"angle\". It is not found in medieval hatha yoga, but is described in Light on Yoga. It is independently described under a different name, Hastapadasana (\"Hand-to-Foot Pose\") in Swami Vishnudevananda's 1960 Complete Illustrated Book of Yoga, suggesting an older origin. Description Paschimottanasana is entered from Dandasana (seated Staff pose) by bending forward from the hips without straining and grasping the feet or lower legs. A strap may be placed around the feet and grasped in the hands if the back is stiff. The head may be rested on a folded blanket or bolster, which may be raised on a small stool if necessary. People who have difficulty bending their backs should exercise caution when performing this asana. Variations Dandasana or \"Staff pose\" has the legs extended along the floor and the body straight upright, with the palms or fingertips on the ground. People who cannot sit on the floor like this can sit on a folded blanket. Janusirsasana or \"Head to knee pose\" has one leg extended with toes pointing upward, and the other leg bent with knee pointing away from the straight leg and the sole of the foot in by the groin. The torso folds straight forwards over the extended leg. Urdhva Mukha Paschimottanasana, also called Ubhaya Padangusthasana, is a balancing form of the pose, legs and hands pointing upwards. Parivritta Paschimottanasana is the reversed or twisted form of the pose, the body twisted to one side and the hands reversed, so that", "title": "Paschimottanasana" }, { "docid": "28631345", "text": "The CT510 (previously known as the iSec (Sports Entertainment Center) and eBox) is a video game console created by eedoo Technology, a company created by Lenovo, with 40 Lenovo employees and investment of an undisclosed sum of money from the Lenovo Group, Legend Holdings and Legend Capital. It was first announced on August 30, 2010 to be marketed in China only upon its release, with further releases in the Asian-Pacific and worldwide markets planned if the console proves to be successful. The console was released in April 2012. To circumvent a ban on video game consoles, the system was advertised as a multimedia device. Specifications The eBox is a controller-less video game console, coming prepackaged with similar video tracking features as Microsoft's Kinect for the Xbox 360. References Lenovo Home video game consoles Eighth-generation video game consoles Gesture recognition Video gaming in China Products introduced in 2012", "title": "CT510" }, { "docid": "37983735", "text": "The ThinkPad Twist is a 2-in-1 convertible tablet, that can function as a laptop and tablet released in 2012. The Twist is designed for business users and runs Microsoft's Windows 8 operating system. Features Design The Twist is built to Intel's Ultrabook specification. Its look and feel are consistent with other ThinkPad devices. The Twist has a flat smooth cover with a soft rubbery finish and a flourish of silver-colored material around the edge. The outer case has both Lenovo and ThinkPad logos. Notably, the dot in the ThinkPad logo's \"i\" pulses when the unit is powered on. The Twist weights 3.5 pounds and is .8 inches thick. While not backlit, the Twist's island-style keyboard is spill-resistant and has U-shaped chiclet-style keys in order to enhance user comfort. Specifications and performance The Twist has 12.5-inch multitouch display made with Gorilla Glass. Like the IdeaPad Yoga, its display, with a resolution of 1366 by 768 pixels, is connected to the base of the machine by a sturdy hinge capable of rotating 180 degrees in every direction. The display has brightness of 350 nits. This hinge, along with Windows 8, allows the Twist to serve as both a laptop and a tablet. A lock button at the bottom of the screen allows users to override the built-in accelerometer. The Twist does not have a discrete graphics processor; its display is powered by Intel's HD 4000 integrated graphics processor. The Twist is available with a choice of three different Intel processors, up to 8GB of RAM, a choice of 7200RPM hard drives in 320GB and 500GB capacities or a much faster 128GB solid-state drive. An mSATA slot containing a 24GB SSD is used as cache for fast startup. The Twist also has two USB 3.0 ports, a mini-HDMI output, a mini DisplayPort, an Ethernet jack, a 3.5mm audio output, and a memory card reader. In a test conducted by Engadget the Twist's 43 watt-hour battery was able to support 4 hours and 18 minutes of video playback with Wi-Fi on and the display set at 65-percent brightness. Lenovo claims a similar battery life. Pre-installed software includes Evernote, Amazon's Kindle reader, Skype, AccuWeather, eBay, the streaming service rara.com, Microsoft Office, a trial of Norton Internet Security, Lenovo Support, and Lenovo Solutions for Small Business. Lenovo's proprietary support software includes a backup and restore utility, a USB blocker, software monitoring, power management tools, tune-up utilities, and Lenovo Cloud Storage, powered by SugarSync. Lenovo offers a free download of QuickLaunch, a utility that restores Windows' traditional Start Menu in order to avoid the new interface of Windows 8. Reception In a review for Gadling Gear Kraig Becker wrote,\"If you're in the market for a new laptop and you're looking to harness the full potential of Windows 8, the Lenovo Twist is a fantastic choice. I found that once I started using a touch screen notebook it was incredibly difficult to go back to a standard model. Touch just seems like a natural way to interact with", "title": "ThinkPad Twist" }, { "docid": "49651429", "text": "Lenovo Vibe P1 (stylized as Lenovo VIBE P1) is an Android smartphone manufactured by Lenovo. The Vibe P1 was announced on 2 September 2015 at IFA 2015. It was launched in October 2015 for US$249. It was available in Silver, Platinum and Graphite Grey and Gold (only available in China) colour variants. Specifications The Vibe P1 sports a 5.5-inch Full HD IPS LCD display with 1920 x 1080 pixels resolution and 401 ppi pixel density. It is powered by Qualcomm Snapdragon 615 SoC that has a 1.5 GHz 64-bit octa-core CPU and Adreno 405 GPU, and is paired with 2 GB RAM. It includes 32 GB of internal storage which can be further expanded up to 128 GB by using a microSD card. It is equipped with a 13 MP rear camera along with a 5 MP front-facing camera. The Vibe P1 comes with a 5000 mAh battery, one of the highest-capacity batteries in its class at the time of release. In addition to a physical power saver switch which instantly extends battery life, the Vibe P1 comes with a 24W quick charge function that can rapidly charge the phone battery. It also has a OTG (On-The-Go) charging feature that enables it to charge other devices. In terms of connectivity, the device includes NFC, USB OTG, FM radio, A-GPS, Bluetooth 4.1, Wi-Fi 802.11 a/b/g/n/ac and Wi-Fi Hotspot. It also includes accelerometer, proximity sensor, and ambient light sensor. The Wi-Fi Boost feature provides 5G WiFi support for improved Wi-Fi speed and range. It can also be paired with a range of smart devices from headsets to cameras and TVs by utilizing wireless NFC technology. Meanwhile, an embedded fingerprint scanner on the home button supports black screen unlock. The Vibe P1 measures 75.6 mm x 9.9 mm x 152.9 mm and weighs 189 grams. The phone is dual-SIM (nano size) enabled. The Vibe P1 runs on Android 5.1 Lollipop operating system and Lenovo's user interface Vibe UI out of the box. It is upgradable to Android 6.0.1 Marshmallow. Vibe P1m Lenovo also launched its Lenovo Vibe P1m smartphone along with the Vibe P1. The handset is the lite and the compact variant of the Vibe P1, and features a smaller display, different processor, and less RAM. It sports a 5-inch HD (720x1280 pixels) display, is powered by a 64-bit quad-core MediaTek MT6735 processor with 2GB RAM, and 16GB storage with expandable storage support. References Vibe P1 Mobile phones introduced in 2015 Discontinued smartphones", "title": "Lenovo Vibe P1" }, { "docid": "11372514", "text": "Yang Yuanqing (, born 12 November 1964) is a Chinese business executive and philanthropist who is the current chairman and CEO of Lenovo. Early life and education Yang was born on 12 November 1964 to parents both educated as surgeons. He spent his childhood in Hefei in Anhui province. He grew up poor, as his parents were paid the same salaries as manual laborers. Yang's father, Yang Furong, was a disciplined man with strict standards. Yang said of his father, \"If he set a target, no matter what happened, he wanted to reach it.\" While his parents wanted him to pursue a career in medicine, and he had a budding interest in literature, Yang decided to study computer science on the advice of a family friend who was a university professor. Yang earned an undergraduate degree in computer science from Shanghai Jiaotong University in 1986 and graduated with a master's degree from the University of Science and Technology of China (USTC) in 1988. Lenovo Yang spotted a newspaper advertisement for jobs at Lenovo while in Beijing performing research for his master's degree at the University of Science and Technology of China. Yang had initially planned on becoming a university professor but took a risk and accepted a position with Lenovo in sales. He was paid the equivalent of US$30 per month. In 1989, Yang joined Legend, as Lenovo was then known, at the age of 25. He was quickly promoted. Yang travelled to meet distributors throughout China and used his technical knowledge to achieve a strong sales record. Yang also stood out at Lenovo for being a quiet, deep thinker. These qualities caught the attention of Liu Chuanzhi, who later promoted Yang to head Lenovo's personal computer business at just 29 years old. Yang was elevated to CEO of the whole company when Liu retired in 2001. Liu described Yang as \"A man who moves forward, takes risks and aims to innovate.\" Liu also said, \"I had been observing Yang a long time before I appointed him to take over the PC business. He had clear goals, was broad-minded and straightforward. We trusted him.\" Yang's first major task at Lenovo was to write a bid to become an IBM reseller. After submitting his bid, Yang discovered that he had quoted twice the price of his competitors. Within a year of joining Lenovo in 1988, Yang had lost interest in sales and had taken the TOEFL in preparation to study overseas. Yang stayed on after repeated requests from Liu Chuanzhi. Yang believed that he would benefit from exposure to American business practices but Liu persuaded him to delay his plans for two years. Problems at Legend due to lower import duties on personal computers did not allow for this though. Yang decided on Lenovo implementing specific job descriptions with clear responsibilities and a system of performance evaluations used to determine annual bonuses. At the time, most Chinese enterprises distributed bonuses of equal size to all employees, there was little sense of", "title": "Yang Yuanqing" }, { "docid": "40729744", "text": "The ThinkPad Yoga is a 2-in-1 convertible business-oriented tablet from Lenovo unveiled in September at the 2013 IFA in Berlin, Germany. It was released in the United States in November 2013. Design and performance The ThinkPad Yoga series laptops have a \"backlit\" keyboard that flattens when flipped into tablet mode. This is accomplished with a platform surrounding the keys which rises until level with the keyboard buttons, a locking mechanism that prevents key presses, and feet that pop out to prevent the keyboard from directly resting on flat surfaces. Lenovo implemented this design in response to complaints about its earlier IdeaPad Yoga 13 and 11 models being awkward to use in tablet mode. A reinforced hinge was required to implement this design. Other than its convertible form factor, the first ThinkPad Yoga is a rather standard ThinkPad device with a black magnesium-reinforced chassis, island keyboard, a red TrackPoint, and a large buttonless touchpad (but touchpad have been upgraded to a mechanical 3-button version for a next generations of Yoga line). Models Zero generation (2013) Thinkpad Yoga (S1 Yoga 12) The first ThinkPad Yoga has a 12.5-inch IPS touchscreen with 1080p resolution. The screen was designed for use with an optional pen-style digitizer. It is powered by Haswell processors from Intel. Buyers are able to choose standard 2.5\" hard drives or SSD, and additional M.2 SSD, but have a non-replaceable battery and soldered RAM. First generation (2014) 11e Yoga (Windows version) The Windows version has the same specs as the Chromebook, but comes with a 320GB hard drive for storage and also accepts SSDs. The memory can be upgraded up to 8GB. Unlike the Chromebook variant, the components of this version can be upgraded. 11e Yoga Chromebook The ThinkPad 11e is a Chromebook that has a matte black chassis with reinforced hinges and corners, a sturdy lid, and a rubber bumper protecting its display in order to help it survive accidental dropping, spills, and general rough handling. It uses a quad-core Intel Celeron CPU, has 4 GB of RAM which can not be upgraded, an 11.6 inch screen, and 16GB of eMMC flash storage. Reviewers claim it is somewhat heavier than a typical Chromebook with a weight of 3.1 pounds. This is likely because of its ruggedized and reinforced chassis. It uses typical ThinkPad-style keyboard with customized ChromeOS keys. It does not have Trackpoint but only a touchpad. The screen is matte with and anti-glare coating and has a resolution of 1366×768 pixels. A 720p webcam is mounted above the screen. It has media card reader, a USB 2.0 port, a USB 3.0 port, and HDMI 1.4 port and a headphone jack. Connectivity is provided by 802.11ac Wi-Fi and Bluetooth 4.0. The 11e fully supports the openSUSE flavor of the Linux operating system. S3 Yoga 14 The Yoga 14 model reportedly \"strikes the middle ground between bulky workstations and flexible hybrids.\" The laptop's metal hinge makes it sturdy, flexible and durable but has a below-average battery life. Like other models, the", "title": "ThinkPad Yoga" }, { "docid": "4147539", "text": "KNUS (710 AM) is a News/Talk radio station licensed in the city of Denver, Colorado. The station serves the Denver/Boulder Metropolitan area. 710 KNUS is owned and operated by Salem Media Group under licensee Salem Media of Colorado, Inc. and features programming from CBS News Radio, Genesis Communications Network, Salem Radio Network, and Westwood One. Studios are located in Aurora and the transmitter is located in Brighton. The 710 KNUS weekday lineup includes local hosts Peter Boyles, Steffan Tubbs, with Randy Corporon, Mike Boyle, Jimmy Sengenberger, and Matt Dunn handling weekend shifts. 710 KNUS is similar to many of Salem's other talk stations, airing hosts Dennis Prager, Hugh Hewitt, Mark Levin, and Sebastian Gorka. 710 KNUS is a CBS News Radio affiliate and a member of the Associated Press and winner of the Colorado Broadcasters Association's 2018 Best Regularly Scheduled Newscast award. History of KNUS KNUS came on the air as KMYR in May 1941 on 1340 kHz. It moved to 710 kHz in April 1956. When it was KBTR, it had a news partnership with KBTV (now KUSA-TV); this ended sometime in the mid-1980s. From the 1970s to the late 1980s, it was owned by Mullins Broadcasting. In the late 1980s, the station changed its name to KBXG when it was bought by a Boulder coal company. In the 1990s, the station was the home of Ken Hamblin, Gary Tessler, Alan Dumas, Carol McKinley, Nia Bender, Pierre Wolfe, Mason Lewis, Warren Byrne, Gabby Gourmet, Ron Krieter, and many others. At one point in 1991, it had Peter Boyles 5:00 am till 9:00 am, Gary Tessler 9:00 till 1:00. Ken Hamblin 1:00 till 4:00, Jim Turner 4:00 till 8:00 and Jann Scott 8:00 till Midnight. It broadcast from the 23rd floor studios of the Tabor Center. 710 AM would simulcast then-sister KBPI from 1988 to 1989. In 1993, KNUS was Denver's first station to carry The Rush Limbaugh Show. When Limbaugh came to Fort Collins for an appearance, thousands of people showed up. Jann Scott also did a live show from Fort Collins where some negative comments were made about Rush. Limbaugh heard the show from his hotel room and came over. Limbaugh and Scott bantered back and forth and then ended up telling jokes and talking to the crowd for two hours. Former on-air Alan Berg, Ken Hamblin, Jann Scott, Marty Nalitz, Jimmy Lakey, Mike Rosen, Alan Dumas, Jim Turner, Gary Tessler, Carol McKinley, Nia Bender, Brandon Scott, Pierre Wolfe, Warren Byrne, Gabby Gourmet, Mason Lewis, Bill Jones, Connor Shreve, Steve Kelley, Krista Kafer, Dan Caplis, Chuck Bonniwell and Julie Hayden, Craig Silverman. Peter Boyles returned to 710 KNUS in the summer of 2013 after being fired by another talk radio station for racially intensive material. Chuck and Julie Show controversy On December 18, 2019 the Chuck & Julie show was cancelled after co-host Chuck Bonniwell stated, when introducing a segment discussing the impeachment of Donald Trump, \"You know, you wish for a nice school shooting to interrupt the", "title": "KNUS" }, { "docid": "40454758", "text": "The Lenovo Vibe X is an Android smartphone with a 5-inch screen announced at IFA 2013 in Berlin. Launch The Vibe X was unveiled at the IFA 2013 show in Berlin. Lenovo says that the Vibe X will be released in China in October 2013 and in other countries in December of the same year. Lenovo does not expect to release the phone in Europe. Lenovo hopes that the Vibe X will help it expand its smartphone market share outside of China. Design and performance The Vibe X's main feature is a 5-inch 1080p display made with scratch resistant Gorilla Glass 3 from Corning. At this size a 1080p display has a pixel density of 440 pixels per inch. The phone has a polycarbonate case that is 0.27 inches thick and has a laser-engraved texture. It weighs 4.1 ounces. Vibe X comes with a 13-megapixel primary camera and a front-facing camera of 5-megapixel with an 84-degree field of view. The device is powered by a 1.5 GHz quad core MediaTek 6589T processor along with 2 GB of RAM and a 16 GB of internal storage. Battery life is rated at six hours of video viewing and eight hours of web browsing. The operating system is Android 4.2. A custom Facebook app comes pre-loaded. Reviews In a review for the Times of India Javed Amwer wrote, \"Vibe X is a good-looking device. In fact, it is more than good looking. It is incredibly thin and very light, especially for a phone that has a five-inch screen.\" Javed also wrote, \"The frame around the screen is also made of tough plastic but has faux chrome finish. It is shiny and adds to the style of the device, though we are not sure how well the shine will hold up with the use. The volume rocker on the right and the power button on the left have chamfered edges. These buttons fit in their sockets snuggly and feel perfect.\" Javed concluded, \"Vibe X has a great screen and a good design and the performance is also great.\" References Vibe X Mobile phones introduced in 2013 Discontinued smartphones", "title": "Lenovo Vibe X" }, { "docid": "34833039", "text": "The Lenovo IdeaPad Yoga 13 is a convertible laptop created by Lenovo and first announced at the International CES 2012 in January. The Yoga 13 gets its name from its ability to take on various form factors due to its screen being mounted on a special two-way hinge. Launch The 13-inch Yoga was released by Lenovo on Oct. 26, 2012. Best Buy released an alternative version of the Yoga 13 with an Intel Core i5 processor (vs. Lenovo's base model's i3 processor) and no Microsoft Office (whereas Lenovo's base model includes Microsoft Office). Its smaller cousin, Yoga 11, which runs Windows RT (as opposed to the Yoga 13, running Windows 8), was released in December 2012. Design The name \"Yoga\" is a reference to the unit's design that makes use of a double hinge to allow four different configurations in order to provide maximum flexibility to the user. The Yoga 13 is 17mm thick. The Yoga's hybrid design was achieved through the use of a special patented hinge that allows the keyboard to flip flush to the back of the display. The Yoga 13's hinge allows the device to be held partway open so it can be set upright on a flat surface as a display. When the keyboard is folded away the computer functions as a touch-controlled tablet. Much of the Yoga 13's usability as a tablet is made possible through Microsoft's Windows 8. The Yoga 13 was compared to the IdeaPad U300s ultrabook, in terms of appearance: the aluminum look, shape and size. However, the wrist rest on the Yoga 13 has plastic with a texture similar to leather. This wrist rest is also elevated, allowing the Yoga 13 to be placed, keyboard-down on a table, without users \"worrying too much about damaging the keys\". The Yoga 13 has a chiclet-style keyboard that has been the subject of criticism. In his review for Popular Science, Dan Nosowitz wrote about the keyboard, \"The one big fault, oddly, is the keyboard. Oddly, because Lenovo is kind of known for making ugly but incredibly usable keyboards. Yet the Yoga 13 has a half-sized backspace and right shift key, which means I mistyped a lot. When you're in tablet mode, there's the Windows 8 on-screen keyboard, which, due to the Yoga 13's huge screen (compared to other tablets), is great. You can actually use all ten fingers on the keyboard, rather than the two-fingers-and-a-thumb strategy you'd use on an iPad.\" The reason for the convertible tablet design was explained by Yang Yuanqing, chairman and CEO of Lenovo. He said, \"Whether a notebook that bends and folds, or an all-in-one that puts the 'wide' into wide-angle, today's announcements reflect our focus on delivering the inspirational innovations that consumers are looking for.\" The Yoga 13 has been described as being thicker and heavier than most tablet devices at 17mm thin and a 13.3 inch screen. However, PC World indicated that it was thinner and easy to carry than most convertible notebooks. Engadget shared the", "title": "Lenovo IdeaPad Yoga 13" } ]

[ "2016" ]

[ { "docid": "14663808", "text": "In osteology, bone remodeling or bone metabolism is a lifelong process where mature bone tissue is removed from the skeleton (a process called bone resorption) and new bone tissue is formed (a process called ossification or new bone formation). These processes also control the reshaping or replacement of bone following injuries like fractures but also micro-damage, which occurs during normal activity. Remodeling responds also to functional demands of the mechanical loading. In the first year of life, almost 100% of the skeleton is replaced. In adults, remodeling proceeds at about 10% per year. An imbalance in the regulation of bone remodeling's two sub-processes, bone resorption and bone formation, results in many metabolic bone diseases, such as osteoporosis. Physiology Bone homeostasis involves multiple but coordinated cellular and molecular events. Two main types of cells are responsible for bone metabolism: osteoblasts (which secrete new bone), and osteoclasts (which break bone down). The structure of bones as well as adequate supply of calcium requires close cooperation between these two cell types and other cell populations present at the bone remodeling sites (e.g. immune cells). Bone metabolism relies on complex signaling pathways and control mechanisms to achieve proper rates of growth and differentiation. These controls include the action of several hormones, including parathyroid hormone (PTH), vitamin D, growth hormone, steroids, and calcitonin, as well as several bone marrow-derived membrane and soluble cytokines and growth factors (e.g. M-CSF, RANKL, VEGF and IL-6 family). It is in this way that the body is able to maintain proper levels of calcium required for physiological processes. Thus bone remodeling is not just occasional \"repair of bone damage\" but rather an active, continual process that is always happening in a healthy body. Subsequent to appropriate signaling, osteoclasts move to resorb the surface of the bone, followed by deposition of bone by osteoblasts. Together, the cells that are responsible for bone remodeling are known as the basic multicellular unit (BMU), and the temporal duration (i.e. lifespan) of the BMU is referred to as the bone remodeling period. Gallery See also Biomineralization, the general class of forming and maintaining mineralized tissues Tissue remodeling Wolff's law References Animal physiology Bones", "title": "Bone remodeling" }, { "docid": "3230147", "text": "Bone resorption is resorption of bone tissue, that is, the process by which osteoclasts break down the tissue in bones and release the minerals, resulting in a transfer of calcium from bone tissue to the blood. The osteoclasts are multi-nucleated cells that contain numerous mitochondria and lysosomes. These are the cells responsible for the resorption of bone. Osteoblasts are generally present on the outer layer of bone, just beneath the periosteum. Attachment of the osteoclast to the osteon begins the process. The osteoclast then induces an infolding of its cell membrane and secretes collagenase and other enzymes important in the resorption process. High levels of calcium, magnesium, phosphate and products of collagen will be released into the extracellular fluid as the osteoclasts tunnel into the mineralized bone. Osteoclasts are prominent in the tissue destruction found in psoriatic arthritis and rheumatological disorders. The human body is in a constant state of bone remodeling. Bone remodeling is a process which maintains bone strength and ion homeostasis by replacing discrete parts of old bone with newly synthesized packets of proteinaceous matrix. Bone is resorbed by osteoclasts, and is deposited by osteoblasts in a process called ossification. Osteocyte activity plays a key role in this process. Conditions that result in a decrease in bone mass can either be caused by an increase in resorption or by a decrease in ossification. During childhood, bone formation exceeds resorption. As the aging process occurs, resorption exceeds formation. Bone resorption rates are much higher in post-menopausal older women due to estrogen deficiency related with menopause. Common treatments include drugs that increase bone mineral density. Bisphosphonates, RANKL inhibitors, SERMs—selective oestrogen receptor modulators, hormone replacement therapy and calcitonin are some of the common treatments. Light weight bearing exercise tends to eliminate the negative effects of bone resorption. Regulation Bone resorption is highly stimulated or inhibited by signals from other parts of the body, depending on the demand for calcium. Calcium-sensing membrane receptors in the parathyroid gland monitor calcium levels in the extracellular fluid. Low levels of calcium stimulates the release of parathyroid hormone (PTH) from chief cells of the parathyroid gland. In addition to its effects on kidney and intestine, PTH increases the number and activity of osteoclasts. The increase in activity of already existing osteoclasts is the initial effect of PTH, and begins in minutes and increases over a few hours. Continued elevation of PTH levels increases the abundance of osteoclasts. This leads to a greater resorption of calcium and phosphate ions. High levels of calcium in the blood, on the other hand, leads to decreased PTH release from the parathyroid gland, decreasing the number and activity of osteoclasts, resulting in less bone resorption. Vitamin D increases absorption of calcium and phosphate in the intestinal tract, leading to elevated levels of plasma calcium, and thus lower bone resorption. Calcitriol (1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol) is the active form of vitamin D3. It has numerous functions involved in blood calcium levels. Recent research indicates that calcitriol leads to a reduction in osteoclast formation, and", "title": "Bone resorption" }, { "docid": "2763739", "text": "Cherubism is a rare genetic disorder that causes prominence in the lower portion in the face. The name is derived from the temporary chubby-cheeked resemblance to putti, the chubby-faced infants featured in Renaissance paintings, which were often mistakenly described as cherubs. Signs and symptoms The appearance of people with the disorder is caused by a loss of bone in the mandible which the body replaces with excessive amounts of fibrous tissue. In most cases, the condition fades as the child grows, but in rare cases the condition continues to deform the affected person's face. Cherubism also causes premature loss of the primary teeth and lack of eruption and or displacement of the permanent teeth. Cherubism is a rare autosomal dominant disease of the maxilla and mandible. Approximately 200 cases have been reported by medical journals with the majority being males. Cherubism is usually first diagnosed around age seven and continues through puberty and may or may not continue to advance with age. Degrees of cherubism vary from mild to severe. Osteoclastic and osteoblastic remodeling contributes to the change of normal bone to fibrous tissue and cyst formation. As noted by the name, the patient's face becomes enlarged and disproportionate due to the fibrous tissue and atypical bone formation. The sponge-like bone formations lead to early tooth loss and permanent tooth eruption problems. The condition also affects the orbital area, creating an upturned eye appearance. The cause of cherubism is believed to be traced to a genetic defect resulting from a mutation of the SH3BP2 gene from chromosome 4p16.3. While the condition is rare and painless, the afflicted suffer the emotional trauma of disfigurement. The effects of cherubism may also interfere with normal jaw motion and speech. Currently, removal of the tissue and bone by surgery is the only treatment available. This condition is also one of the few that unexpectedly stops and regresses. Normal bone remodeling activity may resume after puberty. Cherubism is displayed with genetic conformation and when excessive osteoclasts are found in the affected areas of the mandible and maxilla. Large cysts will be present with excessive fibrous areas inside the bone. The fibers and cysts will be found among the trabecula of the Coronoid process, the ramus of mandible, the body of mandible and the maxilla regions. The maxilla will be affected up to and including the orbits and sometimes inside the lower orbits. The maxilla and zygomatic bones are depressed and eyes appear to gaze upward. The maxilla has been found to be more severely affected in most cases than the mandible bone. Some patients found with lower inner orbital growths and cysts may lose vision. Causes Cherubism is autosomal dominantly linked. Cherubism has also been found from the random mutation of a gene in an individual having no family history of the condition. However it is not well understood why males tend to express the disease more frequently. Children with cherubism vary in severity in their maxilla and mandible bony lesions. The disease is expressed", "title": "Cherubism" }, { "docid": "60448698", "text": "Fracture of biological materials may occur in biological tissues making up the musculoskeletal system, commonly called orthopedic tissues: bone, cartilage, ligaments, and tendons. Bone and cartilage, as load-bearing biological materials, are of interest to both a medical and academic setting for their propensity to fracture. For example, a large health concern is in preventing bone fractures in an aging population, especially since fracture risk increases ten fold with aging. Cartilage damage and fracture can contribute to osteoarthritis, a joint disease that results in joint stiffness and reduced range of motion. Biological materials, especially orthopedic materials, have specific material properties which allow them to resist damage and fracture for a prolonged period of time. Nevertheless, acute damage or continual wear through a lifetime of use can contribute to breakdown of biological materials. Studying bone and cartilage can motivate the design of resilient synthetic materials that could aid in joint replacements. Similarly, studying polymer fracture and soft material fracture could aid in understanding biological material fracture. The analysis of fracture in biological materials is complicated by multiple factors such as anisotropy, complex loading conditions, and the biological remodeling response and inflammatory response. Bone fracture For the medical perspective, see bone fracture. Fracture in bone could occur because of an acute injury (monotonic loading) or fatigue (cyclic loading). Generally, bone can withstand physiological loading conditions, but aging and diseases like osteoporosis that compromise the hierarchical structure of bone can contribute to bone breakage. Furthermore, the analysis of bone fracture is complicated by the bone remodeling response, where there is a competition between microcrack accumulation and the remodeling rate. If the remodeling rate is slower than the rate microcracks accumulate, bone fracture can occur. Furthermore, the orientation and location of the crack matters because bone is anisotropic. Bone characterization The hierarchical structure of bone provides it with toughness, the ability to resist crack initiation, propagation, and fracture, as well as strength, the resistance to inelastic deformation. Early analysis of bone material properties, specifically resistance to crack growth, concentrated on yielding a single value for the critical stress-intensity factor, , and the critical strain-energy release rate, . While this method yielded important insights into bone behavior, it did not lend insight to crack propagation like the resistance curve. The resistance curve (R-curve) is utilized to study crack propagation and toughness development of a material by plotting the crack extension force versus crack extension. In bone literature, the R-curve is said to characterize \"fracture toughness\" behavior, but this term is not favored in engineering literature and the term \"crack growth resistance\" is used instead. This term is used to emphasize the material behavior over a change in crack length. The R-curve linear elastic fracture mechanics approach allowed researchers to gain insight into two competing mechanisms that contribute to bone toughness. Bone displays a rising R-curve which is indicative of material toughness and stable crack propagation. There are two types of mechanisms that can impede crack propagation and contribute to toughness, intrinsic and extrinsic mechanisms. Intrinsic mechanisms", "title": "Fracture of biological materials" }, { "docid": "977221", "text": "A trabecula (: trabeculae, from Latin for 'small beam') is a small, often microscopic, tissue element in the form of a small beam, strut or rod that supports or anchors a framework of parts within a body or organ. A trabecula generally has a mechanical function, and is usually composed of dense collagenous tissue (such as the trabecula of the spleen). It can be composed of other material such as muscle and bone. In the heart, muscles form trabeculae carneae and septomarginal trabeculae. Cancellous bone is formed from groupings of trabeculated bone tissue. In cross section, trabeculae of a cancellous bone can look like septa, but in three dimensions they are topologically distinct, with trabeculae being roughly rod or pillar-shaped and septa being sheet-like. When crossing fluid-filled spaces, trabeculae may offer the function of resisting tension (as in the penis, see for example trabeculae of corpora cavernosa and trabeculae of corpus spongiosum) or providing a cell filter (as in the trabecular meshwork of the eye). Bone trabecula Structure Trabecular bone, also called cancellous bone, is porous bone composed of trabeculated bone tissue. It can be found at the ends of long bones like the femur, where the bone is actually not solid but is full of holes connected by thin rods and plates of bone tissue. The holes (the volume not directly occupied by bone trabecula) is the intertrabecular space, and is occupied by red bone marrow, where all the blood cells are made, as well as fibrous tissue. Even though trabecular bone contains a lot of intertrabecular space, its spatial complexity contributes the maximal strength with minimum mass. It is noted that the form and structure of trabecular bone are organized to optimally resist loads imposed by functional activities, like jumping, running and squatting. And according to Wolff's law, proposed in 1892, the external shape and internal architecture of bone are determined by external stresses acting on it. The internal structure of the trabecular bone firstly undergoes adaptive changes along stress direction and then the external shape of cortical bone undergoes secondary changes. Finally bone structure becomes thicker and denser to resist external loading. Because of the increased occurrence of total joint replacement and its impact on bone remodeling, understanding the stress-related and adaptive process of trabecular bone has become a central concern for bone physiologists. To understand the role of trabecular bone in age-related bone structure and in the design for bone-implant systems, it is important to study the mechanical properties of trabecular bone as a function of variables such as anatomic site, bone density, and age related issues. Mechanical factors including modulus, uniaxial strength, and fatigue properties must be taken into account. Typically, the porosity percent of trabecular bone is in the range 75–95% and the density ranges from 0.2 to 0.8 g/cm3. It is noted that the porosity can reduce the strength of the bone, but also reduce its weight. The porosity and the manner that porosity is structured affect the strength of material. Thus, the", "title": "Trabecula" }, { "docid": "26260189", "text": "Bone mineral (also called inorganic bone phase, bone salt, or bone apatite) is the inorganic component of bone tissue. It gives bones their compressive strength. Bone mineral is formed predominantly from carbonated hydroxylapatite with lower crystallinity. Bone mineral is formed from globular and plate structures distributed among the collagen fibrils of bone and forming yet a larger structure. The bone salt and collagen fibers together constitute the extracellular matrix of bone tissue. Often the plural form \"bone salts\" is used; it reflects the notion of various salts that, on the level of molecular metabolism, can go into the formation of the hydroxyapatite. Bone mineral is dynamic in living animals; it is continually being resorbed and built anew in the bone remodeling process. In fact, the bones function as a bank or storehouse in which calcium can be continually withdrawn for use or deposited for storage, as dictated by homeostasis, which maintains the concentration of calcium ions in the blood serum within a particular range despite the variability of muscle tissue metabolism. Parathyroid hormone and calcitonin are the principal hormones with which the neuroendocrine system controls this ongoing process. The parathyroid and thyroid glands in the neck produce those hormones; thus, problems with those glands (such as hypo- or hyperparathyroidism or hypo- or hyperthyroidism) can create problems with bone mineral density (as well as hypo- or hypercalcaemia). See also Ossein, the organic matrix of bone References Mineral", "title": "Bone mineral" }, { "docid": "1312333", "text": "In osteology, the osteon or haversian system (; named for Clopton Havers) is the fundamental functional unit of much compact bone. Osteons are roughly cylindrical structures that are typically between 0.25 mm and 0.35 mm in diameter. Their length is often hard to define, but estimates vary from several millimeters to around 1 centimeter. They are present in many bones of most mammals and some bird, reptile, and amphibian species. Histogenesis The Haversian system forms during the process of endochondral ossification, which starts with a cartilage template that is gradually replaced by bone tissue. \"Osteoblasts\", the bone-forming cells, secrete the organic components of bone matrix [osteoid] and then initiates its mineralization. As osteoblasts become surrounded by the bone matrix, they differentiate into osteocytes, which reside in the lacunae and maintain bone tissue. The osteocytes connect to each other and the Haversian canal via tiny canals called \"canaliculi\". Structure Each osteon consists of concentric layers, or lamellae, of compact bone tissue that surround a central canal, the haversian canal. The haversian canal contains the bone's blood supplies. The boundary of an osteon is the cement line. Each haversian canal is surrounded by varying number (5-20) of concentrically arranged lamellae of bone matrix. Near the surface of the compact bone, the lamellae are arranged parallel to the surface; these are called circumferential lamellae. Some of the osteoblasts develop into osteocytes, each living within its own small space, or lacuna. Osteocytes make contact with the cytoplasmic processes of their counterparts via a network of small transverse canals, or canaliculi. This network facilitates the exchange of nutrients and metabolic waste. Collagen fibers in a particular lamella run parallel to each other, but the orientation of collagen fibers within other lamellae is oblique. The collagen fiber density is lowest at the seams between lamellae, accounting for the distinctive microscopic appearance of a transverse section of osteons. The space between osteons is occupied by interstitial lamellae, which are the remnants of osteons that were partially resorbed during the process of bone remodeling. Osteons are connected to each other and the periosteum by oblique channels called Volkmann's canals or perforating canals. Drifting osteons Drifting osteons are a phenomenon that is not fully understood. A \"drifting osteon\" is classified as one that runs both longitudinally as well as transversely through the cortex. An osteon can \"drift\" in one direction or change directions several times, leaving a tail of lamella behind the advancing haversian canal. Investigative applications In bioarchaeological research and in forensic investigations, osteons in a bone fragment can be used to determine the sex of an individual and age, as well as aspects of taxonomy, diet, health and motor history. Osteons and their arrangement vary according to taxon, so that genus and sometimes species can be differentiated using a bone fragment not otherwise identifiable. However, there is considerable variability among the different bones of a skeleton, and features of some faunal osteons overlap with those of human osteons; therefore, examination of osteons is not of primary use", "title": "Osteon" }, { "docid": "2518882", "text": "Bone grafting is a surgical procedure that replaces missing bone in order to repair bone fractures that are extremely complex, pose a significant health risk to the patient, or fail to heal properly. Some small or acute fractures can be cured without bone grafting, but the risk is greater for large fractures like compound fractures. Bone generally has the ability to regenerate completely but requires a very small fracture space or some sort of scaffold to do so. Bone grafts may be autologous (bone harvested from the patient's own body, often from the iliac crest), allograft (cadaveric bone usually obtained from a bone bank), or synthetic (often made of hydroxyapatite or other naturally occurring and biocompatible substances) with similar mechanical properties to bone. Most bone grafts are expected to be resorbed and replaced as the natural bone heals over a few months' time. The principles involved in successful bone grafts include osteoconduction (guiding the reparative growth of the natural bone), osteoinduction (encouraging undifferentiated cells to become active osteoblasts), and osteogenesis (living bone cells in the graft material contribute to bone remodeling). Osteogenesis only occurs with autograft tissue and allograft cellular bone matrices. Biological mechanism Bone grafting is possible because bone tissue, unlike most other tissues, has the ability to regenerate completely if provided the space into which to grow. As native bone grows, it will generally replace the graft material completely, resulting in a fully integrated region of new bone. The biologic mechanisms that provide a rationale for bone grafting are osteoconduction, osteoinduction and osteogenesis. Osteoconduction Osteoconduction is termed as \"the property of a material to support tissue ingrowth, osteoprogenitor cell growth, and development for bone formation to occur\". In the context of bone grafting it occurs when the bone graft material serves as a scaffold for new bone growth that is perpetuated by the native bone. Osteoblasts from the margin of the defect that is being grafted utilize the bone graft material as a framework upon which to spread and generate new bone. Osteoblasts do not originate from the donor tissue, but through the internal ingrowing of the host's cells. The proper bonding of bioactive chemicals (Beta-Tricalcium Phosphate) in implants used in bone grafting surgery allow the promotion of osteoconductivity in the area of a defect. In the very least, a bone graft material should be osteoconductive by being made up of these bioactive chemicals. Osteoinduction Osteoinduction involves the stimulation of osteoprogenitor cells to differentiate into osteoblasts that then begin new bone formation. The most widely studied type of osteoinductive cell mediators is bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs). A bone graft material that is osteoconductive and osteoinductive will not only serve as a scaffold for currently existing osteoblasts but will also trigger the formation of new osteoblasts, theoretically promoting faster integration of the graft. Osteopromotion Osteopromotion involves the enhancement of osteoinduction without the possession of osteoinductive properties. For example, enamel matrix derivative has been shown to enhance the osteoinductive effect of demineralized freeze dried bone allograft (DFDBA), but will not", "title": "Bone grafting" }, { "docid": "9033769", "text": "Denosumab, sold under the brand names Prolia and Xgeva among others, is a human monoclonal antibody used for the treatment of osteoporosis, treatment-induced bone loss, metastases to bone, and giant cell tumor of bone. Denosumab is contraindicated in people with low blood calcium levels. The most common side effects are joint and muscle pain in the arms or legs. Denosumab is an inhibitor of RANKL (receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-Β ligand), which works by decreasing the development of osteoclasts, which are cells that break down bone. It was developed by the biotechnology company Amgen. Medical uses Denosumab is used for those with osteoporosis at high risk for fractures, bone loss due to certain medications, and in those with bone metastases. Cancer A 2012 meta-analysis found that denosumab was better than placebo, zoledronic acid, and pamidronate, in reducing the risk of fractures in those with cancer. Osteoporosis In those with postmenopausal osteoporosis denosumab decreases the risk of fractures but increases the risk of infection. A 2013 review concluded that it is a reasonable treatment for postmenopausal osteoporosis. A 2017 review did not find benefit in males. Mechanism of action Bone remodeling is the process by which the body continuously removes old bone tissue and replaces it with new bone. It is driven by various types of cells, most notably osteoblasts (which secrete new bone) and osteoclasts (which break down bone); osteocytes are also present in bone. Precursors to osteoclasts, called pre-osteoclasts, express surface receptors called RANK (receptor activator of nuclear factor-kappa B). RANK is a member of the tumor necrosis factor receptor (TNFR) superfamily. RANK is activated by RANKL (the RANK-Ligand), which exists as cell surface molecules on osteoblasts. Activation of RANK by RANKL promotes the maturation of pre-osteoclasts into osteoclasts. Denosumab inhibits this maturation of osteoclasts by binding to and inhibiting RANKL. Denosumab mimics the natural action of osteoprotegerin, an endogenous RANKL inhibitor, that presents with decreasing concentrations (and perhaps decreased effectiveness) in people with osteoporosis. This protects bone from degradation, and helps to counter the progression of the disease. Contraindications and interactions It is contraindicated in people with hypocalcemia; sufficient calcium and vitamin D levels must be reached before starting on denosumab therapy. Data regarding interactions with other drugs are missing. It is unlikely that denosumab exhibits any clinically relevant interactions. Denosumab works by lowering the hormonal message that leads to excessive osteoclast-driven bone removal and is active in the body for only six months. Similarly to bisphosphonates, denosumab appears to be implicated in increasing the risk of osteonecrosis of the jaw (ONJ) following extraction of teeth or oral surgical procedures but, unlike bisphosphonate, the risk declines to zero approximately 6 months after injection. Invasive dental procedures should be avoided during this time. Adverse effects The most common side effects are joint and muscle pain in the arms or legs. There is an increased risk of infections such as cellulitis, hypocalcemia (low blood calcium), hypersensitivity allergy reactions, osteonecrosis of the jaw, and atypical femur fractures. Another trial showed", "title": "Denosumab" }, { "docid": "30865670", "text": "Wolff's law, developed by the German anatomist and surgeon Julius Wolff (1836–1902) in the 19th century, states that bone in a healthy animal will adapt to the loads under which it is placed. If loading on a particular bone increases, the bone will remodel itself over time to become stronger to resist that sort of loading. The internal architecture of the trabeculae undergoes adaptive changes, followed by secondary changes to the external cortical portion of the bone, perhaps becoming thicker as a result. The inverse is true as well: if the loading on a bone decreases, the bone will become less dense and weaker due to the lack of the stimulus required for continued remodeling. This reduction in bone density (osteopenia) is known as stress shielding and can occur as a result of a hip replacement (or other prosthesis). The normal stress on a bone is shielded from that bone by being placed on a prosthetic implant. Mechanotransduction The remodeling of bone in response to loading is achieved via mechanotransduction, a process through which forces or other mechanical signals are converted to biochemical signals in cellular signaling. Mechanotransduction leading to bone remodeling involves the steps of mechanocoupling, biochemical coupling, signal transmission, and cell response. The specific effects on bone structure depend on the duration, magnitude, and rate of loading, and it has been found that only cyclic loading can induce bone formation. When loaded, fluid flows away from areas of high compressive loading in the bone matrix. Osteocytes are the most abundant cells in bone and are also the most sensitive to such fluid flow caused by mechanical loading. Upon sensing a load, osteocytes regulate bone remodeling by signaling to other cells with signaling molecules or direct contact. Additionally, osteoprogenitor cells, which may differentiate into osteoblasts or osteoclasts, are also mechanosensors and will differentiate depending on the loading condition. Computational models suggest that mechanical feedback loops can stably regulate bone remodeling by reorienting trabeculae in the direction of the mechanical loads. Associated laws In relation to soft tissue, Davis' law explains how soft tissue remodels itself according to imposed demands. Refinement of Wolff's Law: Utah-Paradigm of Bone physiology (Mechanostat Theorem) by Harold Frost. Examples The racquet-holding arm bones of tennis players become stronger than those of the other arm. Their bodies have strengthened the bones in their racquet-holding arm, since it is routinely placed under higher than normal stresses. The most critical loads on a tennis player's arms occur during the serve. There are four main phases of a tennis serve, and the highest loads occur during external shoulder rotation and ball impact. The combination of high load and arm rotation results in a twisted bone density profile. Weightlifters often display increases in bone density in response to their training. Astronauts often suffer from the reverse: being in a microgravity environment, they tend to lose bone density. The deforming effects of torticollis on craniofacial development in children. See also Functional matrix hypothesis Iron Shirt, Wushu/Kungfu bone conditioning Osteogenic loading References", "title": "Wolff's law" } ]

[ { "docid": "167166", "text": "Organ transplantation is a medical procedure in which an organ is removed from one body and placed in the body of a recipient, to replace a damaged or missing organ. The donor and recipient may be at the same location, or organs may be transported from a donor site to another location. Organs and/or tissues that are transplanted within the same person's body are called autografts. Transplants that are recently performed between two subjects of the same species are called allografts. Allografts can either be from a living or cadaveric source. Organs that have been successfully transplanted include the heart, kidneys, liver, lungs, pancreas, intestine, thymus and uterus. Tissues include bones, tendons (both referred to as musculoskeletal grafts), corneae, skin, heart valves, nerves and veins. Worldwide, the kidneys are the most commonly transplanted organs, followed by the liver and then the heart. Corneae and musculoskeletal grafts are the most commonly transplanted tissues; these outnumber organ transplants by more than tenfold. Organ donors may be living, brain dead, or dead via circulatory death. Tissue may be recovered from donors who die of circulatory death, as well as of brain death – up to 24 hours past the cessation of heartbeat. Unlike organs, most tissues (with the exception of corneas) can be preserved and stored for up to five years, meaning they can be \"banked\". Transplantation raises a number of bioethical issues, including the definition of death, when and how consent should be given for an organ to be transplanted, and payment for organs for transplantation. Other ethical issues include transplantation tourism (medical tourism) and more broadly the socio-economic context in which organ procurement or transplantation may occur. A particular problem is organ trafficking. There is also the ethical issue of not holding out false hope to patients. Transplantation medicine is one of the most challenging and complex areas of modern medicine. Some of the key areas for medical management are the problems of transplant rejection, during which the body has an immune response to the transplanted organ, possibly leading to transplant failure and the need to immediately remove the organ from the recipient. When possible, transplant rejection can be reduced through serotyping to determine the most appropriate donor-recipient match and through the use of immunosuppressant drugs. Types of transplant Autograft Autografts are the transplant of tissue to the same person. Sometimes this is done with surplus tissue, tissue that can regenerate, or tissues more desperately needed elsewhere (examples include skin grafts, vein extraction for CABG, etc.). Sometimes an autograft is done to remove the tissue and then treat it or the person before returning it (examples include stem cell autograft and storing blood in advance of surgery). In a rotationplasty, a distal joint is used to replace a more proximal one; typically a foot or ankle joint is used to replace a knee joint. The person's foot is severed and reversed, the knee removed, and the tibia joined with the femur. Allograft and allotransplantation An allograft is a transplant of an", "title": "Organ transplantation" }, { "docid": "2205504", "text": "Dysplasia is any of various types of abnormal growth or development of cells (microscopic scale) or organs (macroscopic scale), and the abnormal histology or anatomical structure(s) resulting from such growth. Dysplasias on a mainly microscopic scale include epithelial dysplasia and fibrous dysplasia of bone. Dysplasias on a mainly macroscopic scale include hip dysplasia, myelodysplastic syndrome, and multicystic dysplastic kidney. In one of the modern histopathological senses of the term, dysplasia is sometimes differentiated from other categories of tissue change including hyperplasia, metaplasia, and neoplasia, and dysplasias are thus generally not cancerous. An exception is that the myelodysplasias include a range of benign, precancerous, and cancerous forms. Various other dysplasias tend to be precancerous. The word's meanings thus cover a spectrum of histopathological variations. Microscopic scale Epithelial dysplasia Epithelial dysplasia consists of an expansion of immature cells (such as cells of the ectoderm), with a corresponding decrease in the number and location of mature cells. Dysplasia is often indicative of an early neoplastic process. The term dysplasia is typically used when the cellular abnormality is restricted to the originating tissue, as in the case of an early, in-situ neoplasm. Dysplasia, in which cell maturation and differentiation are delayed, can be contrasted with metaplasia, in which cells of one mature, differentiated type are replaced by cells of another mature, differentiated type. Myelodysplastic syndrome Myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) are a group of cancers in which immature blood cells in the bone marrow do not mature and therefore do not become healthy blood cells. Problems with blood cell formation result in some combination of low red blood cells, low platelets, and low white blood cells. Some types have an increase in immature blood cells, called blasts, in the bone marrow or blood. Fibrous dysplasia of bone Fibrous dysplasia of bone is a disorder where normal bone and marrow is replaced with fibrous tissue, resulting in formation of bone that is weak and prone to expansion. As a result, most complications result from fracture, deformity, functional impairment and pain. Macroscopic scale Hip dysplasia Hip dysplasia is an abnormality of the hip joint where the socket portion does not fully cover the ball portion, resulting in an increased risk for joint dislocation. Hip dysplasia may occur at birth or develop in early life. Regardless, it does not typically produce symptoms in babies less than a year old. Occasionally one leg may be shorter than the other. The left hip is more often affected than the right. Complications without treatment can include arthritis, limping, and low back pain. Multicystic dysplastic kidney Multicystic dysplastic kidney (MCDK) is a condition that results from the malformation of the kidney during fetal development. The kidney consists of irregular cysts of varying sizes. Multicystic dysplastic kidney is a common type of renal cystic disease, and it is a cause of an abdominal mass in infants. Etymology From Ancient Greek δυσ- dys-, \"bad\" or \"difficult\" and πλάσις plasis, \"formation\". The equivalent surface analysis, in parallel with classical compounds, is dys- + -plasia. See also", "title": "Dysplasia" }, { "docid": "41989305", "text": "The in vivo bioreactor is a tissue engineering paradigm that uses bioreactor methodology to grow neotissue in vivo that augments or replaces malfunctioning native tissue. Tissue engineering principles are used to construct a confined, artificial bioreactor space in vivo that hosts a tissue scaffold and key biomolecules necessary for neotissue growth. Said space often requires inoculation with pluripotent or specific stem cells to encourage initial growth, and access to a blood source. A blood source allows for recruitment of stem cells from the body alongside nutrient delivery for continual growth. This delivery of cells and nutrients to the bioreactor eventually results in the formation of a neotissue product. Overview Conceptually, the in vivo bioreactor was borne from complications in a repair method of bone fracture, bone loss, necrosis, and tumor reconstruction known as bone grafting. Traditional bone grafting strategies require fresh, autologous bone harvested from the iliac crest; this harvest site is limited by the amount of bone that can safely be removed, as well as associated pain and morbidity. Other methods include cadaverous allografts and synthetic options (often made of hydroxyapatite) that have become available in recent years. In response to the question of limited bone sourcing, it has been posited that bone can be grown to fit a damaged region within the body through the application of tissue engineering principles. Tissue engineering is a biomedical engineering discipline that combines biology, chemistry, and engineering to design neotissue (newly formed tissue) on a scaffold. Tissues scaffolds are functionally identical to the extracellular matrix found, acting as a site upon which regenerative cellular components adsorb to encourage cellular growth. This cellular growth is then artificially stimulated by additive growth factors in the environment that encourage tissue formation. The scaffold is often seeded with stem cells and growth additives to encourage a smooth transition from cells to tissues, and more recently, organs. Traditionally, this method of tissue engineering is performed in vitro, where scaffold components and environmental manipulation recreate in vivo stimuli that direct growth. Environmental manipulation includes changes in physical stimulation, pH, potential gradients, cytokine gradients, and oxygen concentration. The overarching goal of in vitro tissue engineering is to create a functional tissue that is equivalent to native tissue in terms of composition, biomechanical properties, and physiological performance. However, in vitro tissue engineering suffers from a limited ability to mimic in vitro conditions, often leading to inadequate tissue substitutes. Therefore, in vivo tissue engineering has been suggested as a method to circumvent the tedium of environmental manipulation and use native in vivo stimuli to direct cell growth. To achieve in vivo tissue growth, an artificial bioreactor space must be established in which cells may grow. The in vivo bioreactor depends on harnessing the reparative qualities of the body to recruit stem cells into an implanted scaffold, and utilize vasculature to supply all necessary growth components. Design Cells Tissue engineering done in vivo is capable of recruiting local cellular populations into a bioreactor space. Indeed a range of neotissue growth has been", "title": "In vivo bioreactor" }, { "docid": "8183683", "text": "Marlie Mychele Casseus (July 7, 1992 - March 11, 2024 ) was a Haitian woman who attracted national and international media attention when she received surgery to remove a 7-kg (18-pound) growth from her face that threatened her ability to eat, hear, breathe and see. Background Casseus suffers from polyostotic fibrous dysplasia, a genetic condition in which the bone structure is replaced by connective tissue. This condition affects more than one bone in the body, impairs skeletal growth and development, and can cause deformity. The growth started when she was three years old, and by age 13, had continued to advance until her facial features were completely disfigured. It blocked her nasal passage and most of her mouth so that she could only breathe and eat through a hole placed in the throat. Always a social impediment and a stigma, the growth eventually prompted her to become completely reclusive to avoid public ridicule. Before surgery, the bone growth had become a 7-kg (18-pound) tumor-like mass that covered almost her entire face. It was threatening her breathing and would have eventually caused blindness and death if doctors hadn't operated. Surgeries and post-op Marlie became a patient of the International Kids Fund, a program of the Jackson Memorial Foundation, when her parents heard about a previous case in which IKF helped save a girl with a facial tumor. All surgeries were performed at the Holtz Children’s Hospital, at the University of Miami/Jackson Memorial Medical Center in Miami, Florida. Surgeries were performed by a team of doctors led by Venezuelan born and trained Dr. Jesús Gómez. The first surgery, in mid-December, 2005, was a 17-hour procedure that resulted in the removal of much of the growth from both sides of her face. During subsequent surgeries, doctors replaced part of her jaw with a titanium plate, rebuilt the interior of her nose and jaw, and drew her eyes and lips back together. Other bones were replaced with titanium and polyethylene implants. After her initial surgeries, doctors indicated that Casseus might require further cosmetic surgeries at a later date, but indicated her growth would probably not return. Marlie has since had additional surgeries to rebuild her facial structure, center her eyes and remove her tracheotomy. After a succession of surgeries and a recuperation process, Marlie was allowed to return to her home of Port-au-Prince, Haiti in December 2006. In June 2009, the International Kids Fund flew Marlie back to the United States for a seventh surgery to remove excess scar tissue and replace her facial implants. She will require follow-up surgeries and as such, the International Kids Fund continues to raise money for her medical care. Marlie's journey was first documented on the Discovery Channel. Since then, her story has also been featured as an hour-long documentary on Discovery en Español's \"Extraordinary Stories.\" A follow-up to the original Discovery Channel documentary was aired in September 2009. A Haitian non-profit named Good Samaritan helped with transportation costs and the hospital's International Kids Fund collected donations for", "title": "Marlie Casseus" }, { "docid": "30932131", "text": "The Braden Scale for Predicting Pressure Ulcer Risk, is a tool that was developed in 1987 by Barbara Braden and Nancy Bergstrom. The purpose of the scale is to help health professionals, especially nurses, assess a patient's risk of developing a pressure ulcer. Assessment using the Braden Scale The Braden scale assesses a patient's risk of developing a pressure ulcer by examining six criteria: Sensory perception This parameter measures a patient's ability to detect and respond to discomfort or pain that is related to pressure on parts of their body. The ability to sense pain itself plays into this category, as does the level of consciousness of a patient and therefore their ability to cognitively react to pressure-related discomfort. Moisture Excessive and continuous skin moisture can pose a risk to compromise the integrity of the skin by causing the skin tissue to become macerated and therefore be at risk for epidermal erosion. So this category assesses the degree of moisture the skin is exposed to. Activity This category looks at a patient's level of physical activity since very little or no activity can encourage atrophy of muscles and breakdown of tissue. Mobility This category looks at the capability of a patient to adjust their body position independently. This assesses the physical competency to move and can involve the clients willingness to move. Nutrition The assessment of a client's nutritional status looks at their normal patterns of daily nutrition. Eating only portions of meals or having imbalanced nutrition can indicate a high risk in this category. Friction and Shear Friction and shear looks at the amount of assistance a client needs to move and the degree of sliding on beds or chairs that they experience. This category is assessed because the sliding motion can cause shear which means the skin and bone are moving in opposite directions causing breakdown of cell membranes and capillaries. Moisture enhances the susceptibility of friction. Scoring with the Braden Scale Each category is rated on a scale of 1 to 4, excluding the 'friction and shear' category which is rated on a 1-3 scale. This combines for a possible total of 23 points, with a higher score meaning a lower risk of developing a pressure ulcer and vice versa. A score of 23 means there is no risk for developing a pressure ulcer while the lowest possible score of 6 points represents the severest risk for developing a pressure ulcer. The Braden Scale assessment score scale: Very High Risk: Total Score 9 or less High Risk: Total Score 10-12 Moderate Risk: Total Score 13-14 Mild Risk: Total Score 15-18 No Risk: Total Score 19-23 See also Pressure ulcer Wound healing Waterlow score References External links Braden Scale Official Website Braden Scale Instruction sheet Braden Scale Assessment form Nursing Medical scales", "title": "Braden Scale for Predicting Pressure Ulcer Risk" }, { "docid": "796144", "text": "Allotransplant (allo- meaning \"other\" in Greek) is the transplantation of cells, tissues, or organs to a recipient from a genetically non-identical donor of the same species. The transplant is called an allograft, allogeneic transplant, or homograft. Most human tissue and organ transplants are allografts. It is contrasted with autotransplantation (from one part of the body to another in the same person), syngenic transplantation of isografts (grafts transplanted between two genetically identical individuals) and xenotransplantation (from other species). Allografts can be referred to as \"homostatic\" if they are biologically inert when transplanted, such as bone and cartilage. An immune response against an allograft or xenograft is termed rejection. An allogenic bone marrow transplant can result in an immune attack on the recipient, called graft-versus-host disease. Procedure Material is obtained from a donor who is a living person, or a deceased person's body receiving mechanical support or ventilation, or a deceased person's body whose heart stopped beating. Screening for pathology and risk factors for communicable diseases such as HIV and Hepatitis B and C is then conducted. In the US, donor tissue must be recovered and processed adhering to the Current Good Tissue Practices rule. In most cases, it is sent to tissue banks for processing and distribution. Each year, Food and Drug Administration regulated and American Association of Tissue Banks-accredited tissue banks distribute 1.5 million bone and tissue allografts. Transplantable organs and tissues A variety of organs and tissues can be used for allografts, including: Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) repair Joint reconstruction in the knee and ankle Meniscal replacement Reconstruction due to cancer or trauma Ridge augmentation in dental procedures Shoulder repair Spinal fusion Urological procedures Skin transplants Corneal transplants Heart transplants Heart valves Lung transplantation Intestinal transplantation (isolated small bowel, intestine & liver, multivisceral) Liver transplants Kidney transplants Pancreas transplantation Islet cell transplantation Bone marrow transplants Bone allograft Ligament or tendon allograft Laws and regulations United States In the US, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has regulated human tissue intended for transplants since 1993. In order to ensure the quality of donor tissue and reduce contamination and disease transmission risks, three regulations addressing manufacturing activities associated with human cells, tissues, and cellular and tissue-based products (HCT/Ps) were promulgated in May 2005: companies producing and distributing HCT/Ps must register with the FDA. \"Donor Eligibility\" rule: prescribes criteria for donor eligibility. \"Current Good Tissue Practices\" rule: oversees overall processing and distribution practices of each company. Other transplant options Autograft, tissue transplanted from one site to another on the same patient. An autograft reduces the risk of rejection but requires a second surgery site, adding pain, risk and possible longer aftercare. Xenograft, a transplant from another species Isograft, a transplant from a genetically identical donor, such as an identical twin. Synthetic and metal implants. Unlike allografts, such grafts do not corporate into the body. Risks As with many operations, allotransplantation risks some side effects. A limiting factor in tissue allotransplantation for reconstructive surgery deals with the side effects of immunosuppression (metabolic disorders,", "title": "Allotransplantation" }, { "docid": "8840994", "text": "Microfracture surgery is an articular cartilage repair surgical technique that works by creating tiny fractures in the underlying bone. This causes new cartilage to develop from a so-called super-clot. The surgery is quick (typically lasting between 30 and 90 minutes), minimally invasive, and can have a significantly shorter recovery time than an arthroplasty (knee replacement). Chronic articular cartilage defects do not heal spontaneously. However, acute traumatic osteochondral lesions or surgically created lesions extending into subchondral bone, e.g. by Pridie drilling, spongialization abrasion or microfracture causing the release of multipotent mesenchymal stem cells from the bone marrow, may heal with repair tissue consisting of fibrous tissue, fibrocartilage or hyaline-like cartilage. The quality of the repair tissue after these \"bone marrow stimulating techniques\" depends on various factors including the species and age of the individual, the size and localization of the articular cartilage defect, the surgical technique, e.g., how the subchondral bone plate is treated, and the postoperative rehabilitation protocol. History The surgery was developed in the late 1980s and early 1990s by Dr. Richard Steadman of the Steadman-Hawkins clinic in Vail, Colorado. Steadman slowly refined the procedure through research (including tests on horses). The surgery was called \"controversial\" by many sportswriters, due to a lack of studies on the long-term effects and the fact that an unsuccessful surgery could end an athlete's career. Steadman has also adapted the surgery into a treatment to help reattach torn ligaments (a technique he calls the \"healing response\"). Procedure The surgery is performed by arthroscopy, after the joint is cleaned of calcified cartilage. Through use of an awl, the surgeon creates tiny fractures in the subchondral bone plate. Blood and bone marrow (which contains stem cells) seep out of the fractures, creating a blood clot that releases cartilage-building cells. The microfractures are treated as an injury by the body, which is why the surgery results in new, replacement cartilage. The procedure is less effective in treating older patients, overweight patients, or a cartilage lesion larger than 2.5 cm. Further on, chances are high that after only 1 or 2 years of the surgery symptoms start to return as the fibrocartilage wears away, forcing the patient to reengage in articular cartilage repair. The effectiveness of cartilage growth after microfracture surgery is thought to be dependent on the patient's bone marrow stem cell population and some think increasing the number of stem cells increases the chances of success. A couple of physicians are promoting an alternative treatment implanting autologous mesenchymal stem cells directly into the cartilage defect, without having to penetrate the subchondral bone. Microfracture reports Studies have shown that microfracture techniques do not fill in the chondral defect fully, forming fibrocartilage rather than hyaline cartilage. Fibrocartilage is not as mechanically sound as hyaline cartilage; it is much denser and unable to withstand the demands of everyday activities as well as the original cartilage and is thus at higher risk of breaking down. The blood clot is very delicate after surgery and needs to be protected. In", "title": "Microfracture surgery" }, { "docid": "1887540", "text": "Arthroplasty (literally \"[re-]forming of joint\") is an orthopedic surgical procedure where the articular surface of a musculoskeletal joint is replaced, remodeled, or realigned by osteotomy or some other procedure. It is an elective procedure that is done to relieve pain and restore function to the joint after damage by arthritis or some other type of trauma. Types For the last 45 years, the most successful and common form of arthroplasty is the surgical replacement of arthritic or destructive or necrotic joint or joint surface with a prosthesis. For example, a hip joint that is affected by osteoarthritis may be replaced entirely (total hip arthroplasty) with a prosthetic hip. This would involve replacing both the acetabulum (hip socket) and the head and neck of the femur. The purpose of this procedure is to relieve pain, to restore range of motion and to improve walking ability, thus leading to the improvement of muscle strength. Other types of arthroplasty Interpositional arthroplasty, previously a popular form of arthroplasty, with interposition of some other tissue like skin, muscle or tendon to keep inflammatory surfaces apart Excisional or resection(al) arthroplasty in which joint surface and bone is removed. The remaining ends are attached, or left to give time for scar tissue to fill in the gap. One variant of is the Stainsby procedure which consists of excision of part of a proximal phalanx in a metatarsophalangeal joint, reduction of the plantar plate and kirschner wire fixation of the metacarpal bone to the remaining phalanx. Resurfacing arthroplasty, where one or both bone surfaces are trimmed and replaced with a smooth metal covering. Mold arthroplasty, Silicone replacement arthroplasty Osteotomy to restore or modify joint congruity Complications and improvements Arthroplasty presents various and continuous challenges to the engineer and surgeon. The prosthesis selected must be nontoxic yet resistant, compatible and durable. Meeting all these criteria usually means that the prosthesis will not last 10–20 years. 75% of artificial knees will last 20 years and 90% will last 10 years. In recent years the technology has been improved with a porous-coated prosthesis which allows for stronger bonding to the body, but even more notable improvements have derived from the recent explosion in computer-assisted design and manufacturing (CAD/CAM). Using X-rays and other scans of the patient as well as modern 3D printing, personally tailored prostheses are a reality for more and more individuals. Indications osteoarthritis (OA) rheumatoid arthritis (RA) avascular necrosis (AVN) or osteonecrosis (ON) congenital dislocation of the hip joint (CDH) Hip dysplasia (human) acetabular dysplasia (shallow hip socket) frozen shoulder, loose shoulder traumatized and malaligned joint joint stiffness Complications Blot clots or deep vein thrombosis Infection Bleeding Periprosthetic fracture Loosening Mechanical wear Failure See also Rheumasurgery Hip replacement Knee replacement Wrist osteoarthritis References Arthritis Orthopedic surgical procedures fr:Arthroplastie hr:Artroplastika ro:Artroplastie sr:Artroplastika", "title": "Arthroplasty" }, { "docid": "71882200", "text": "Anjali Kusumbe is a British-Indian biologist who is the Head of the Tissue and Tumour Microenvironments Group at the Medical Research Council Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine at the University of Oxford. She was awarded the Royal Microscopical Society Award for Life Sciences in 2022. Early life and education Kusumbe completed her doctorate as a Fellow of the Council of Scientific and Industrial Research in 2012. Her doctoral research considered the contributions of cancer stem cells and endothelial cells to the progression of ovarian cancer. She moved to the Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine for postdoctoral research, where she studied the heterogeneity of endothelial cells in bone, and uncovered a highly specialised blood vessel type which helped to uncover the relationships between bone vasculature and bone ageing. Research and career In 2017, Kusumbe received the Medical Research Council Career Development Award, and in 2019 she was awarded a European Research Council Starting Grant. Kusumbe studies the transport networks formed by blood and lymphatic vessels. She is particularly interested in how these vessels evolve over time, and how this impacts the tissue regeneration, immune cells and spread of cancer. Her work revealed that vascular erosion characterised by the differentiation of pericyte to fibroblast is a primary hallmark of many ageing tissues. This vascular loss with ageing is organ-specific as highly remodelling tissues like the gut and skin retain vasculature with ageing. Further, her work showed that the gap junction protein Gja1 is the driver of endothelial cell ageing in the pancreas, and aged blood vessels cause the loss of beta cell proliferation in ageing islets through alterations in blood vessel-derived secreted factors. She has proactively shared imaging tools with the scientific community and made 3D tissue maps publicly available through freely accessible open resource databases. It was believed that there were no lymphatic vessels in bones. However, Kusumbe's research, using an advanced imaging technique to label and image intact bones, proved that there are indeed lymphatic vessels in bones. She found out that when the body is stressed and its genetic material gets damaged, the number of these vessels in bones goes up. This whole thing is controlled by signals from proteins like VEGF-C/VEGFR-3 and IL6. And as these lymphatic vessels grow, they secrete CXCL12, which is super important for regenerating both bones and blood. Awards and honours 2014 German Society for Cell Biology Werner-Risau Memorial Award 2021 European Calcified Tissue Society Iain T Boyle Memorial Award 2021 Orthopaedic Research Society Alice L. Jee Award 2022 Royal Microscopical Society Award for Life Sciences 2022 GOLD Award for efforts to improve sustainability and efficiency from Laboratory Efficiency Assessment Framework 2024 : Early Career Advisory Board, Journal of Cell Biology 2023 : British Society for Cell Biology, Women in Cell Biology Early Career Medal 2023 : Rising Star, International Society of Regenerative Medicine 2019 : European Research Council, Starting Grant 2017 : Medical Research Council, UK, Career Development Award 2016 : Kennedy Trust for Rheumatology Research, Senior Research Fellowship 2017 : John", "title": "Anjali Kusumbe" }, { "docid": "73799944", "text": "Joints form during embryonic development in conjunction with the formation and growth of the associated bones. The joints and bones are developed from the embryonic tissue called mesenchyme. Head and face In the head, mesenchyme will accumulate at those areas that will become the bones that form the top and sides of the skull. The mesenchyme in these areas will develop directly into bone through the process of intramembranous ossification, in which mesenchymal cells differentiate into bone-producing cells that then generate bone tissue. The mesenchyme between the areas of bone production will become the fibrous connective tissue that fills the spaces between the developing bones. Initially, the connective tissue-filled gaps between the bones are wide, and are called fontanelles. After birth, as the skull bones grow and enlarge, the gaps between them decrease in width and the fontanelles are reduced to suture joints in which the bones are united by a narrow layer of fibrous connective tissue. The bones that form the base and facial regions of the skull develop through the process of endochondral ossification. In this process, mesenchyme accumulates and differentiates into hyaline cartilage, which forms a model of the future bone. The hyaline cartilage model is then gradually, over a period of many years, displaced by bone. The mesenchyme between these developing bones becomes the fibrous connective tissue of the suture joints between the bones in these regions of the skull. Limbs Joints of the limbs are formed through endochondral ossification. The limbs initially develop as small limb buds that appear on the sides of the embryo around the end of the fourth week of development. Starting during the sixth week, as each limb bud continues to grow and elongate, areas of mesenchyme within the bud begin to differentiate into the hyaline cartilage that will form models for of each of the future bones. The synovial joints will form between the adjacent cartilage models, in an area called the joint interzone. Cells at the center of this interzone region undergo cell death to form the joint cavity, while surrounding mesenchyme cells will form the articular capsule and supporting ligaments. The process of endochondral ossification, which converts the cartilage models into bone, begins by the twelfth week of embryonic development. At birth, ossification of much of the bone has occurred, but the hyaline cartilage of the epiphyseal plate will remain throughout childhood and adolescence to allow for bone lengthening. Hyaline cartilage is also retained as the articular cartilage that covers the surfaces of the bones at synovial joints. References Joints Embryology", "title": "Development of joints" }, { "docid": "4984243", "text": "Articular cartilage, most notably that which is found in the knee joint, is generally characterized by very low friction, high wear resistance, and poor regenerative qualities. It is responsible for much of the compressive resistance and load bearing qualities of the knee joint and, without it, walking is painful to impossible. Osteoarthritis is a common condition of cartilage failure that can lead to limited range of motion, bone damage and invariably, pain. Due to a combination of acute stress and chronic fatigue, osteoarthritis directly manifests itself in a wearing away of the articular surface and, in extreme cases, bone can be exposed in the joint. Some additional examples of cartilage failure mechanisms include cellular matrix linkage rupture, chondrocyte protein synthesis inhibition, and chondrocyte apoptosis. There are several different repair options available for cartilage damage or failure. \"Maci\" or autologous cultured chondrocytes on porcine collagen membrane, is a treatment to correct cartilage defects in the knee. This treatment has been approved by the Food and Drug Administration in 2016 for adult treatment only. Autologous matrix-induced chondrogenesis Autologous matrix-induced chondrogenesis, which is also known as AMIC, is a biological treatment option for articular cartilage damage bone marrow stimulating technique in combination with a collagen membrane. It is based on the microfracture surgery with the application of a bi-layer collagen I/III membrane. The AMIC technique was developed to improve some of the shortfalls of microfracture surgery such as variable repair cartilage volume and functional deterioration over time. The collagen membrane protects and stabilizes the MSCs released through microfracture and enhances their chondrogenic differentiation. The AMIC surgery is a single-step procedure. Once cartilage damage is assessed there are two methods to access the joint to proceed with the AMIC surgery. First is to perform a mini arthrotomy. Second is an all-arthroscopic procedure. Autologous chondrocyte implantation The human body's own cartilage is still the best material for lining knee joints. This drives efforts to develop ways of using a person's own cells to grow, or re-grow cartilage tissue to replace missing or damaged cartilage. One cell-based replacement technique is called autologous chondrocyte implantation (ACI) or autologous chondrocyte transplantation (ACT). A review evaluating autologous chondrocyte implantation was published in 2010. The conclusions are that it is an effective treatment for full thickness chondral defects. The evidence does not suggest ACI is superior to other treatments. One ACI treatment, called MACI (autologous cultured chondrocytes on a porcine collagen matrix), is indicated for healthy patients 18–55 with medium to large sized damage to their cartilage. It is not applicable to osteoarthritis patients. The patient's chondrocytes are removed arthroscopically from a non load-bearing area from either the intercondylar notch or the superior ridge of the medial or lateral femoral condyles. 10,000 cells are harvested and grown in vitro for approximately six weeks until the population reaches 10-12 million cells. Then these cells are seeded onto a film that is implanted into the area of cartilage damage and absorbed back into the tissue into the patient. The implanted chondrocytes then", "title": "Knee cartilage replacement therapy" }, { "docid": "1498676", "text": "Avascular necrosis (AVN), also called osteonecrosis or bone infarction, is death of bone tissue due to interruption of the blood supply. Early on, there may be no symptoms. Gradually joint pain may develop, which may limit the person's ability to move. Complications may include collapse of the bone or nearby joint surface. Risk factors include bone fractures, joint dislocations, alcoholism, and the use of high-dose steroids. The condition may also occur without any clear reason. The most commonly affected bone is the femur (thigh bone). Other relatively common sites include the upper arm bone, knee, shoulder, and ankle. Diagnosis is typically by medical imaging such as X-ray, CT scan, or MRI. Rarely biopsy may be used. Treatments may include medication, not walking on the affected leg, stretching, and surgery. Most of the time surgery is eventually required and may include core decompression, osteotomy, bone grafts, or joint replacement. About 15,000 cases occur per year in the United States. People 30 to 50 years old are most commonly affected. Males are more commonly affected than females. Signs and symptoms In many cases, there is pain and discomfort in a joint which increases over time. It can affect any bone, and for in about half of affected people, multiple sites are damaged. Avascular necrosis most commonly affects the ends of long bones, such as the femur. Other common sites include the humerus (upper arm), knees, shoulders, ankles and the jaw. Causes The main risk factors are bone fractures, joint dislocations, alcoholism, and the use of high-dose steroids. Other risk factors include radiation therapy, chemotherapy, and organ transplantation. Osteonecrosis is also associated with cancer, lupus, sickle cell disease, HIV infection, Gaucher's disease, and Caisson disease (dysbaric osteonecrosis). Bisphosphonates are associated with osteonecrosis of the mandible (jawbone). The condition may also occur without any clear reason. Prolonged, repeated exposure to high pressures (as experienced by commercial and military divers) has been linked to AVN, though the relationship is not well understood. In children, avascular osteonecrosis can have several causes. It can occur in the hip as part of Legg–Calvé–Perthes syndrome, and it can also occur as a result after malignancy treatment such as acute lymphoblastic leukemia and allotransplantation. Pathophysiology The hematopoietic cells are most sensitive to low oxygen and are the first to die after reduction or removal of the blood supply, usually within 12 hours. Experimental evidence suggests that bone cells (osteocytes, osteoclasts, osteoblasts etc.) die within 12–48 hours, and that bone marrow fat cells die within 5 days. Upon reperfusion, repair of bone occurs in two phases. First, there is angiogenesis and movement of undifferentiated mesenchymal cells from adjacent living bone tissue grow into the dead marrow spaces, as well as entry of macrophages that degrade dead cellular and fat debris. Second, there is cellular differentiation of mesenchymal cells into osteoblasts or fibroblasts. Under favorable conditions, the remaining inorganic mineral volume forms a framework for establishment of new, fully functional bone tissue. Diagnosis In the early stages, bone scintigraphy and MRI are", "title": "Avascular necrosis" }, { "docid": "19390210", "text": "Biomedical Tissue Services (BTS) was a Fort Lee, New Jersey, human tissue recovery firm that was shut down by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) on October 8, 2005, after its president, Dr. Michael Mastromarino, and two other employees were convicted of illegally harvesting human bones, organs, tissue and other cadaver parts from individuals awaiting cremation, for forging numerous consent forms, and for selling the illegally obtained body parts to medical companies without consent of their families. History In late 2005, the New York City Police Department investigated Michael Mastromarino and his company BTS for allegedly selling stolen human body parts. The probe was first reported by the New York Daily News in October 2005, and led to a number of exhumations, including one of a Queens woman who had had many of her bones removed and replaced with PVC piping, which is a typical industry practice for cosmetic reconstruction of tissue donors. According to government witnesses, BTS sought business relationships with a number of funeral homes in New York and Pennsylvania solely to obtain access to recently deceased people, often paying the funeral homes $1,000 or more per corpse. In nearly every case, BTS employees obtained human allograft tissue, bones, ligaments and other cadaver material by forging family consent and other donor forms without actual authorized consent, and often against the written wishes of families. BTS employees engaged in highly irregular and unsafe practices, such as allowing cadavers to deteriorate before collecting tissue and parts, not testing donor material for diseases such as HIV/AIDS, and even accepting cancerous and other diseased cadavers for harvesting and selling. Under federal regulatory guidelines for the proper care and management of donated human tissue, firms are required to \"screen and test donors for relevant communicable disease agents and diseases and to ensure that HCT/Ps (Human Cells, Tissues, and Cellular and Tissue-based Products) are processed in a way that prevents communicable disease contamination and cross-contamination.\" To conceal their practices, BTS employees forged a variety of the necessary certificates and replaced bone with PVC piping to conceal the harvesting from family members of the deceased. Of the numerous companies who purchased the illegally obtained body parts or tissue, none had ever contacted the family member listed on the consent forms to verify the consent, or even had verified the consenting family member's existence. The BTS scandal became international news after it was determined that the remains of the deceased broadcaster Alistair Cooke were among those that had been violated and sold in New York. The Cooke case was featured on a 2008 episode of Horizon, \"How Much Is Your Dead Body Worth?\". Michael Mastromarino, the 42-year-old former New Jersey-based oral surgeon and CEO and executive director of operations of BTS, was convicted in February 2006, along with three employees of wrongdoing and sentenced to prison terms. Mastromarino and Lee Cruceta, one of the convicted employees, agreed to a deal that resulted in their imprisonment. Mastromarino was sentenced on June 27, 2008, in the Supreme", "title": "Biomedical Tissue Services" }, { "docid": "36740925", "text": "Cartilage repair techniques are the current focus of large amounts of research. Many different strategies have been proposed as solutions for cartilage defects. Surgical techniques currently being studied include: bone marrow stimulation osteochondral autograft transplantation osteochondral allograft transplantation autologous chondrocyte implantation cell-based (using chondrocytes or stem-cells) or acellular scaffolding Articular cartilage stem cell paste grafting is another technique in use and is undergoing continued investigation. Background Articular cartilage is a connective tissue overlying the ends of bones that provides smooth joint surfaces. Healthy cartilage is essential to the proper functioning of joints within the body. Cartilage is composed of cells embedded in an extracellular matrix of collagen fibers and proteoglycans. It contains no blood vessels therefore its cells are dependent upon diffusion for the supply of oxygen and nutrients. Its intrinsic healing capacity is low. Injury to cartilage can lead to pain and stiffness and is the precursor to the development of osteoarthritis (degenerative joint arthritis). History Articular cartilage stem cell paste grafting was initially described by Kevin R. Stone M.D., a San Francisco-based orthopedic surgeon, in 1997 . The technique was devised in response to reports that many of the contemporary cartilage restoration procedures lead to the development of fibrocartilage, not true hyaline articular cartilage. Knowing that fibrocartilage was not as durable as articular cartilage and that its formation yielded only short term clinical benefits, Stone proposed his paste grafting as a means of regenerating hyaline-like cartilage. The hypothesis was that harvesting a mixture of articular cartilage and cancellous bone would combine pluripotent cells of the cancellous bone with cartilage extracellular matrix and growth factors and when exposed to continuous motion, hyaline-like cartilage would be stimulated to form. Surgical Procedure Published descriptions of the articular cartilage stem cell paste grafting technique are readily available. The procedure is performed in an outpatient setting under general anesthesia. The surgical steps are summarized here: The lesion is cleared of loose or fibrillated cartilage The base of the lesion is penetrated with an arthroscopic awl it is entirely morselized Tissue for grafting is harvested using a trephine that is impacted into the margin of the articular cartilage and underlying cancellous bone at the medial border of the lateral femoral condyle The trephine is removed and the articular cartilage and cancellous bone is morselized in a graft impactor The graft paste is re-loaded into the trephine and impacted into the fractured bed of the chondral defect The paste graft is held in place for 1 to 2 minutes Postoperatively, patients are requested to use a continuous passive motion machine for 6 hours a night for 4 weeks. If the defect is in a weight-bearing region, weight-bearing is restricted for 4 weeks. A guided physical therapy program begins on postoperative day 1. Results In a 2 to 12 year follow-up of 125 patients, pain, functioning, and activity measures improved in 82% of patients. Eighteen of the 125 patients (14.4%) were considered failures. Histologically, 42 of 66 (63.6%) of biopsies showed strong evidence of replacement of", "title": "Articular cartilage stem cell paste grafting" }, { "docid": "1073708", "text": "Buruli ulcer () is an infectious disease characterized by the development of painless open wounds. The disease is limited to certain areas of the world, most cases occurring in Sub-Saharan Africa and Australia. The first sign of infection is a small painless nodule or area of swelling, typically on the arms or legs. The nodule grows larger over days to weeks, eventually forming an open ulcer. Deep ulcers can cause scarring of muscles and tendons, resulting in permanent disability. Buruli ulcer is caused by skin infection with bacteria called Mycobacterium ulcerans. The mechanism by which M. ulcerans is transmitted from the environment to humans is not known, but may involve the bite of an aquatic insect or the infection of open wounds. Once in the skin, M. ulcerans grows and releases the toxin mycolactone, which blocks the normal function of cells, resulting in tissue death and immune suppression at the site of the ulcer. The World Health Organization (WHO) recommends treating Buruli ulcer with a combination of the antibiotics rifampicin and clarithromycin. With antibiotic administration and proper wound care, small ulcers typically heal within six months. Deep ulcers and those on sensitive body sites may require surgery to remove dead tissue or repair scarred muscles or joints. Even with proper treatment, Buruli ulcer can take months to heal. Regular cleaning and dressing of wounds aids healing and prevents secondary infections. In 2018, WHO received 2,713 reports of Buruli ulcer globally. Although rare, it typically occurs in rural areas near slow-moving or stagnant water. The first written description of the disease is credited to Albert Ruskin Cook in 1897 at Mengo Hospital in Uganda. Fifty years later, the causative bacterium was isolated and identified by a group at the Alfred Hospital in Melbourne. In 1998, WHO established the Global Buruli Ulcer Initiative to coordinate global efforts to eliminate Buruli ulcer. WHO considers it a neglected tropical disease. Signs and symptoms The first sign of Buruli ulcer is a painless swollen bump on the arm or leg, often similar in appearance to an insect bite. Sometimes the swollen area instead appears as a patch of firm, raised skin about three centimeters across called a \"plaque\"; or a more widespread swelling under the skin. Over the course of a few weeks, the original swollen area expands to form an irregularly shaped patch of raised skin. After about four weeks, the affected skin sloughs off leaving a painless ulcer. Buruli ulcers typically have \"undermined edges\", the ulcer being a few centimeters wider underneath the skin than the wound itself. In some people, the ulcer may heal on its own or remain small but linger unhealed for years. In others, it continues to grow wider and sometimes deeper, with skin at the margin dying and sloughing off. Large ulcers may extend deep into underlying tissue, causing bone infection and exposing muscle, tendon, and bone to the air. When ulcers extend into muscles and tendons, parts of these tissues can be replaced by scar tissue, immobilizing", "title": "Buruli ulcer" }, { "docid": "57066429", "text": "Tenosynovial giant cell tumor (TGCT) is a group of rare, typically non-malignant tumors of the joints. TGCT tumors often develop from the lining of joints (also known as synovial tissue).. Common symptoms of TGCT include swelling, pain, stiffness and reduced mobility in the affected joint or limb. This group of tumors can be divided into different subsets according to their site, growth pattern, and prognosis. Localized/nodular TGCT is sometimes referred to as giant cell tumor of the tendon sheath; diffuse TGCT is also called pigmented villonodular synovitis (PVNS).These two distinct subtypes determined by radiographic appearance. Localized TGCT is defined as a well circumscribed tumor while diffuse TGCT exhibits a locally aggressive and infiltrative behavior. Classification Classification for TGCT encompasses two subtypes that can be divided according to site – within a joint (intra-articular) or outside of the joint (extra-articular) – and growth pattern (localized or diffuse) of the tumor(s). Localized and diffuse subsets of TGCT differ in their prognosis, clinical presentation, and biological behavior, but share a similar manner of disease development. Localized TGCT Localized TGCT is sometimes referred to as localized pigmented villonodular synovitis (L-PVNS), giant cell tumor of the tendon sheath (GCT-TS), nodular tenosynovitis, localized nodular tenosynovitis, and L-TGCT. The localized form of TGCT is more common. Localized TGCT tumors are typically 0.5 cm-4 cm), develop over years, are benign and non-destructive to the surrounding tissue, and may reoccur in the affected area. The most common symptom is painless swelling. Localized TGCT most often occurs in fingers, but can also occur in other joints. Diffuse TGCT Diffuse TGCT is sometimes referred to as pigmented villonodular synovitis (PVNS), conventional PVNS, and D-TGCT. Diffuse TGCT occurs less frequently and is locally aggressive (in some cases, tumors may infiltrate surrounding soft tissue). It most commonly affects people under 40 years old, though the age of occurrence varies. Diffuse TGCT may occur inside a joint (intra-articular) or outside of a joint (extra-articular). Intra-articular tumors typically occur in the knee (approximately 75% of cases) and hip (approximately 15% of cases). Extra-articular tumors are usually found in the knee, thigh, and foot. Symptoms include swelling, pain, sensitivity, and/or limited range of motion. The rate of reoccurrence is estimated to be 18-46% for intra-articular tumors and 33-50% for extra-articular tumors. Complications Diffuse TGCT is locally aggressive and can spread to surrounding tissues, causing bone erosion and tissue damage. If not treated early, it can spread to areas outside the joint, extra-articular, and potentially cause permanent loss of range as well as intense pain. Mechanism TGCT tumors grow due to genetic overexpression of colony stimulating factor 1. This causes colony-stimulating factor-1 receptor (CSF1R) cells to accumulate in the joint tissue. Diagnosis TGCT can be diagnosed by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), by biopsy, or during surgery. The disorder is difficult to identify and is often not diagnosed for years due to nonspecific symptoms or a general paucity of symptoms. TGCT cases are often misdiagnosed as osteoarthritis, localized trauma, sports injuries, xanthomas, or other conditions. One study of", "title": "Tenosynovial giant cell tumor" }, { "docid": "7456199", "text": "Commonly known as a dental cyst, the periapical cyst is the most common odontogenic cyst. It may develop rapidly from a periapical granuloma, as a consequence of untreated chronic periapical periodontitis. Periapical is defined as \"the tissues surrounding the apex of the root of a tooth\" and a cyst is \"a pathological cavity lined by epithelium, having fluid or gaseous content that is not created by the accumulation of pus.\" Most frequently located in the maxillary anterior region, the cyst is caused by pulpal necrosis secondary to dental caries or trauma. Its lining is derived from the epithelial cell rests of Malassez which proliferate to form the cyst. Such cysts are very common. Although initially asymptomatic, they are clinically significant because secondary infection can cause pain and damage. In radiographs, the cyst appears as a radiolucency (dark area) around the apex of a tooth's root. Signs and symptoms Periapical cysts begin as asymptomatic and progress slowly. Subsequent infection of the cyst causes swelling and pain. Initially, the cyst swells to a round hard protrusion, but later on the body resorbs some of the cyst wall, leaving a softer accumulation of fluid underneath the mucous membrane. Secondary symptoms of periapical cysts include inflammation and infection of the pulp causing dental caries. This infection is what causes necrosis of the pulp. Larger cysts may cause bone expansion or displace roots. Discoloration of the affected tooth may also occur. Patient will present negative results to electric and ice test of the affected tooth but will be sensitive to percussion. Surrounding gingival tissue may experience lymphadenopathy. The alveolar plate may exhibit crepitus when palpated. Complications Expansion of the cyst causes erosion of the floor of the maxillary sinus. As soon as it enters the maxillary antrum, the expansion rate increases due to available space for expansion. Performing a percussion test by tapping the affected teeth will cause shooting pain. This is often clinically diagnostic of pulpal infection. Causes Dental cysts are usually caused due to root infection involving tooth decay. Untreated dental caries then allow bacteria to reach the level of the pulp, causing infection. The bacteria gains access to the periapical region of the tooth through deeper infection of the pulp, traveling through the roots. The resulting pulpal necrosis causes proliferation of epithelial rests of Malassez which release toxins at the apex of the tooth. The body's inflammatory response will attack the source of the toxins, leading to periapical inflammation. The many cells and proteins that rush to an area of infection create osmotic tension in the periapex which is the source of internal pressure increase at the cyst site. These lesions can grow large because they apply pressure over the bone, causing resorption. The toxins released by the breakdown of granulation tissue are one of the common causes of bone resorption. There are two schools of thought regarding cyst expansion. Complementary response to inflammation Chemical reaction with Interleukin and Prostaglandin Mechanisms Periapical cysts develop due to an inflammatory stimulus in 3 stages:", "title": "Periapical cyst" }, { "docid": "557619", "text": "A synovial joint, also known as diarthrosis, joins bones or cartilage with a fibrous joint capsule that is continuous with the periosteum of the joined bones, constitutes the outer boundary of a synovial cavity, and surrounds the bones' articulating surfaces. This joint unites long bones and permits free bone movement and greater mobility. The synovial cavity/joint is filled with synovial fluid. The joint capsule is made up of an outer layer of fibrous membrane, which keeps the bones together structurally, and an inner layer, the synovial membrane, which seals in the synovial fluid. They are the most common and most movable type of joint in the body of a mammal. As with most other joints, synovial joints achieve movement at the point of contact of the articulating bones. Structure Synovial joints contain the following structures: Synovial cavity: all diarthroses have the characteristic space between the bones that is filled with synovial fluid. Joint capsule: the fibrous capsule, continuous with the periosteum of articulating bones, surrounds the diarthrosis and unites the articulating bones; the joint capsule consists of two layers - (1) the outer fibrous membrane that may contain ligaments and (2) the inner synovial membrane that secretes the lubricating, shock absorbing, and joint-nourishing synovial fluid; the joint capsule is highly innervated, but without blood and lymph vessels, and receives nutrition from the surrounding blood supply via either diffusion (a slow process) or by convection, a far more efficient process achieved through exercise. Articular cartilage: the bones of a synovial joint are covered by this layer of hyaline cartilage that lines the epiphyses of joint end of bone with a smooth, slippery surface that does not bind them together; articular cartilage functions to absorb shock and reduce friction during movement. Many, but not all, synovial joints also contain additional structures: Articular discs or menisci - the fibrocartilage pads between opposing surfaces in a joint Articular fat pads - adipose tissue pads that protect the articular cartilage, as seen in the infrapatellar fat pad in the knee Tendons - cords of dense regular connective tissue composed of parallel bundles of collagen fibers Accessory ligaments (extracapsular and intracapsular) - the fibers of some fibrous membranes are arranged in parallel bundles of dense regular connective tissue that are highly adapted for resisting strains to prevent extreme movements that may damage the articulation Bursae - saclike structures that are situated strategically to alleviate friction in some joints (shoulder and knee) that are filled with fluid that is similar to synovial fluid The bone surrounding the joint on the proximal side is sometimes called the plafond, especially in the talocrural joint. A damage to this occurs in a Gosselin fracture. Blood supply The blood supply of a synovial joint is derived from the arteries sharing in the anastomosis around the joint. Types There are seven types of synovial joints. Some are relatively immobile, but are more stable. Others have multiple degrees of freedom, but at the expense of greater risk of injury. In ascending order of", "title": "Synovial joint" }, { "docid": "26670174", "text": "Primary bone is the first bone tissue that appears in embryonic development and in fracture repair. It is characterized by its random position of collagen fibers. In most places in adults this tissue is replaced by secondary bone tissue except, for example, near the sutures of calvara or tooth sockets. The secondary bones have lower amounts of osteocytes so primary bone is much more easily penetrated by x-ray. Clinical significance Primary bone or the primary ossification center is the beginning of the bone building process during the first trimester. Calcificed cartilage is basophilic and new bone being made is more acidophilic. The primary ossification occurs in the diaphysis. In contrast, secondary ossification centers appear later at the epiphyses of the cartilage and develop similarly to the diaphysis. Cancer Primary bone cancer is a type of sarcoma, a cancer that originates in bone, muscle, fibrous tissue, blood vessels, fat tissue, as well as some other tissues. Primary bone cancer can arise in any of the 206 bones in the body but is mostly seen to originate the arms and the legs. The most common cases are observed in children and young adults. The following list includes types of primary bone cancer: Osteosarcoma Chondrosarcoma Ewing's Sarcoma Adamantinomas Chordomas See also Somite Somitogenesis References Embryology Osteology", "title": "Primary bone" }, { "docid": "2010013", "text": "Navicular syndrome, often called navicular disease, is a syndrome of lameness problems in horses. It most commonly describes an inflammation or degeneration of the navicular bone and its surrounding tissues, usually on the front feet. It can lead to significant and even disabling lameness. Description of the navicular area Knowledge of equine forelimb anatomy is especially useful for understanding navicular syndrome. The navicular bone lies behind the coffin bone and under the small pastern bone. The deep digital flexor (DDF) tendon runs down the back of the cannon and soft tissue in that area and under the navicular bone before attaching to the back of the coffin bone. The DDF tendon flexes the coffin joint, and the navicular bone acts as a fulcrum that the DDF tendon runs over. The navicular bone is supported by several ligaments above, below, and on the side. One of these ligaments is the impar ligament, which attaches the navicular bone to the coffin bone (distal phalanx). Cartilage lies between the navicular bone and the coffin joint, as well as between the navicular bone and the DDF tendon. The navicular bursa—a small sac that protects the DDF and navicular bone from abrasion as the tendon slides over the area—lies between the navicular bone and the DDF tendon. Causes and contributing factors There is no single known cause of navicular syndrome, although there are many theories, and several primary factors. The first factor is compression of the navicular bone under the DDF tendon and the back of the small pastern bone. Repeated compression in this area can cause cartilage degeneration, with the cartilage flattening and gradually becoming less springy and shock-absorbing. It may also begin to erode. Cartilage degeneration is common in navicular horses, usually along the flexor surface. This finding, and the associated biochemical changes, have led some researchers to conclude that there are elements in navicular disease common to osteoarthritis, and to suggest similar therapeutic regimes. Cartilage erosion may progress to the point that the bone underneath will become exposed. With the cartilage no longer present to protect it, the navicular bursa and DDF tendon may become damaged by the constant rubbing against the navicular bone. Navicular bursitis (inflammation of the navicular bursa) may occur, even if cartilage damage is not severe. This is probably due to the friction between the navicular bone and the DDF tendon from compression. Constant compression can also increase the bone density directly under the cartilage surfaces, especially on the flexor side. This tends to make the bone more brittle, and thus more likely to break. Another main factor is the tension placed on the ligaments that support the navicular bone. Some experts believe that the degenerative process begins with excess tension placed on these ligaments, causing strain and inflammation. Inflammation from strain of the impar ligament can decrease blood flow to and from the navicular bone, as the major blood vessels supplying the bone run up and down this area. If the ligament continues to be strained, it", "title": "Navicular syndrome" }, { "docid": "839943", "text": "A bone fracture (abbreviated FRX or Fx, Fx, or #) is a medical condition in which there is a partial or complete break in the continuity of any bone in the body. In more severe cases, the bone may be broken into several fragments, known as a comminuted fracture. A bone fracture may be the result of high force impact or stress, or a minimal trauma injury as a result of certain medical conditions that weaken the bones, such as osteoporosis, osteopenia, bone cancer, or osteogenesis imperfecta, where the fracture is then properly termed a pathologic fracture. Signs and symptoms Although bone tissue contains no pain receptors, a bone fracture is painful for several reasons: Breaking in the continuity of the periosteum, with or without similar discontinuity in endosteum, as both contain multiple pain receptors. Edema and hematoma of nearby soft tissues caused by ruptured bone marrow evokes pressure pain. Involuntary muscle spasms trying to hold bone fragments in place. Damage to adjacent structures such as nerves, muscles or blood vessels, spinal cord, and nerve roots (for spine fractures), or cranial contents (for skull fractures) may cause other specific signs and symptoms. Complications Some fractures may lead to serious complications including a condition known as compartment syndrome. If not treated, eventually, compartment syndrome may require amputation of the affected limb. Other complications may include non-union, where the fractured bone fails to heal, or malunion, where the fractured bone heals in a deformed manner. One form of malunion is the malrotation of a bone, which is especially common after femoral and tibial fractures. Complications of fractures may be classified into three broad groups, depending upon their time of occurrence. These are as follows – Immediate complications – occurs at the time of the fracture. Early complications – occurring in the initial few days after the fracture. Late complications – occurring a long time after the fracture. Pathophysiology The natural process of healing a fracture starts when the injured bone and surrounding tissues bleed, forming a fracture hematoma. The blood coagulates to form a blood clot situated between the broken fragments. Within a few days, blood vessels grow into the jelly-like matrix of the blood clot. The new blood vessels bring phagocytes to the area, which gradually removes the non-viable material. The blood vessels also bring fibroblasts in the walls of the vessels and these multiply and produce collagen fibres. In this way, the blood clot is replaced by a matrix of collagen. Collagen's rubbery consistency allows bone fragments to move only a small amount unless severe or persistent force is applied. At this stage, some of the fibroblasts begin to lay down bone matrix in the form of collagen monomers. These monomers spontaneously assemble to form the bone matrix, for which bone crystals (calcium hydroxyapatite) are deposited in amongst, in the form of insoluble crystals. This mineralization of the collagen matrix stiffens it and transforms it into bone. In fact, bone is a mineralized collagen matrix; if the mineral is dissolved", "title": "Bone fracture" }, { "docid": "12040284", "text": "A mucogingival junction is an anatomical feature found on the intraoral mucosa. The mucosa of the cheeks and floor of the mouth are freely moveable and fragile, whereas the mucosa around the teeth and on the palate are firm and keratinized. Where the two tissue types meet is known as a mucogingival junction. There are three mucogingival junctions: on the facial of the maxilla and on both the facial and lingual of the mandible. The palatal gingiva of the maxilla is continuous with the tissue of the palate, which is bound down to the palatal bones. Because the palate is devoid of freely moveable alveolar mucosa, there is no mucogingival junction. Clinical importance The clinical importance of the mucogingival junction is in measuring the width of attached gingiva. Attached gingiva is important because it is bound very tightly to the underlying alveolar bone and provides protection to the mucosa during functional use of the structures of the oral cavity during function, such as chewing. Without attached gingiva, the freely moveable alveolar mucosa, being more fragile, would suffer injury during eating and cleansing activities, such as brushing of the teeth. The width of attached tissue is critical, because the more there is available provides a greater sense of protection against the aforementioned insults to the tissue. Using the mucogingival junction as the boundary demarcating the apical border of the attached gingiva, a periodontal probe is inserted into the gingival sulcus to measure how much of the keratinized gingiva coronal to the mucogingival junction is in fact attached to the underlying bone. The depth of the gingival sulcus, determined by the depth to which the probe enters the sulcus, is not attached to the underlying bone, and is subtracted from the total height of the keratinized tissue. Thus, if the entire height of the keratinized gingiva, from the free gingival margin to the mucogingival junction is 8 mm, and the probing depth on the tooth at that location is 2 mm, the effective width of attached gingiva is 6 mm. If the probe enters the sulcus and can descend up to or beyond the mucogingival junction, this is called a mucogingival defect. References Gingiva", "title": "Mucogingival junction" }, { "docid": "7574141", "text": "Feline odontoclastic resorption lesion (FORL) is a syndrome in cats characterized by resorption of the tooth by odontoclasts, cells similar to osteoclasts. FORL has also been called Feline tooth resorption (TR), neck lesion, cervical neck lesion, cervical line erosion, feline subgingival resorptive lesion, feline caries, or feline cavity. It is one of the most common diseases of domestic cats, affecting up to two-thirds. FORLs have been seen more recently in the history of feline medicine due to the advancing ages of cats, but 800-year-old cat skeletons have shown evidence of this disease. Purebred cats, especially Siamese and Persians, may be more susceptible. FORLs clinically appear as erosions of the surface of the tooth at the gingival border. They are often covered with calculus or gingival tissue. It is a progressive disease, usually starting with loss of cementum and dentin and leading to penetration of the pulp cavity. Resorption continues up the dentinal tubules into the tooth crown. The enamel is also resorbed or undermined to the point of tooth fracture. Resorbed cementum and dentin is replaced with bone-like tissue. Clinical signs Clinical signs of FORLs are often minimal since the discomfort can be minor. However, there may be subtle signs of discomfort while chewing, as well as anorexia, dehydration, weight loss, and tooth fracture. The lower third premolar is the most commonly affected tooth. Cause There are two types of FORL. \"Type 1\" lesions are focal defects often caused by local inflammation. \"Type 2\" lesions are characterized by a generalized loss of root radiopacity on a dental radiograph. The definitive cause of type 2 FORLs is unknown, but histologically destruction of the cementum and other mineralized tissue of the tooth root by odontoclasts is seen. It occurs secondary to the loss of the protective covering of the root (the periodontal ligaments) and possibly to a stimulus such as periodontal disease and the release of cytokines, leading to odontoclast migration. However, FORLs can develop in the absence of inflammation. The natural inhibition to root resorption provided by the lining of the root may be altered by increased amounts of Vitamin D, in cats supplied by their diet. Treatment Treatment for FORLs is limited to tooth extraction because the lesion is progressive. Amputation of the tooth crown without root removal has also been advocated in cases demonstrated on a radiograph to be type 2 resorption without associated periodontal or endodontic disease because the roots are being replaced by bone. However, X-rays are recommended prior to this treatment to document root resorption and lack of the periodontal ligament. Tooth restoration is not recommended because resorption of the tooth will continue underneath the restoration. Use of alendronate has been studied to decrease progression of existing lesions. Differential diagnosis: dental caries True dental caries are uncommon among companion animals. Although it has not been accurately documented in cats, the incidence of caries in dogs has been estimated at 5%. The term feline cavities is commonly used to refer to FORLs; however, saccharolytic acid-producing bacteria are", "title": "Feline odontoclastic resorptive lesion" }, { "docid": "2887016", "text": "The frontal suture is a fibrous joint that divides the two halves of the frontal bone of the skull in infants and children. Typically, it completely fuses between three and nine months of age, with the two halves of the frontal bone being fused together. It is also called the metopic suture, although this term may also refer specifically to a persistent frontal suture. If the suture is not present at birth because both frontal bones have fused (craniosynostosis), it will cause a keel-shaped deformity of the skull called trigonocephaly. Its presence in a fetal skull, along with other cranial sutures and fontanelles, provides a malleability to the skull that can facilitate movement of the head through the cervical canal and vagina during delivery. The dense connective tissue found between the frontal bones is replaced with bone tissue as the child grows older. Persistent frontal suture In some individuals, the suture can persist (totally or partly) into adulthood, and is referred to as a persistent metopic suture. It has a prevalence of about 4% in females and about 2% in males. The suture can either bisect the frontal bone and run from nasion to bregma or persist as a partial metopic suture (see image of frontal bone) (where part of the suture survives and is connected to either bregma or nasion) or as an isolated metopic fissure. Persistent frontal sutures are of no clinical significance, although they can be mistaken for cranial fractures.As persistent frontal sutures are visible in radiographs, they can be useful for the forensic identification of human skeletal remains. Persistent frontal sutures should not be confused with supranasal sutures (a small zig-zag shaped suture located at and/or immediately superior to the glabella). Additional images See also Ossification of frontal bone References Further reading Pediatric Plastic Surgery, Mathes and Hetz. chapter 92; nonsyndromic craniostosis. Bones of the head and neck Cranial sutures Human head and neck Joints Joints of the head and neck Skeletal system Skull", "title": "Frontal suture" }, { "docid": "3858970", "text": "A meniscus transplant or meniscal transplant is a transplant of the meniscus of the knee, which separates the thigh bone (femur) from the lower leg bone (tibia). The worn or damaged meniscus is removed and is replaced with a new one from a donor. The meniscus to be transplanted is taken from a cadaver, and, as such, is known as an allograft. Meniscal transplantation is technically difficult, as it must be sized accurately for each person, positioned properly and secured to the tibial plateau. Its success also depends on donor compatibility, stability of the transplant, and long-term health of the underlying articular cartilage. Background Each knee has an inside (medial) and an outside (lateral) meniscus. The menisci play several key roles that are vital in maintaining the health of the knee. Specifically, they act as shock absorbers and load sharers, increase the stability of the knee, and provide lubrication and nutrition to the bearing surface (articular cartilage) of the knee. They were once thought of as vestigial structures that served no real purpose. If injured and problematic, they were routinely excised through a procedure called meniscectomy. It is now known that a knee joint without healthy menisci is at significantly increased risk of developing wear and tear arthritis (post-traumatic or osteoarthritis). The arthritis is a result of the increased contact forces and shear that results from loss of shock absorption and stability after meniscectomy. For this reason, current surgical strategies are focused on preserving as much of the meniscus as possible or replacing it if necessary. Certain meniscal tears are repairable with sutures, predominantly those that are freshly torn and involve healthy tissue. The closer the tear is to the peripheral blood supply the higher the likelihood of successful repair. Patients with unrepairable meniscal injuries usually have symptoms of pain, catching, swelling or locking in the knee. The surgeon may perform a partial or complete meniscectomy to alleviate the symptoms in the short-term. The more meniscal tissue removed, the higher the likelihood of subsequently developing arthritis. Recognizing the biomechanical importance of the menisci, surgeons in the late 1980s proposed meniscus transplantation and meniscus reconstruction as two new surgical options for the patient with a meniscus deficient knee. Recognizing from experiments performed by R.J. Webber, PhD that meniscus cells have the ability to grow in tissue culture, K.R. Stone, M.D. developed the first meniscus reconstruction device called a collagen regeneration template in 1986. The template or scaffold was composed of glycosaminoglycan (sugar/proteins that make up cartilage tissue) and was designed to have pores into which cells could grow. Its cross-linking preserved the scaffold in the knee joint long enough for new meniscus tissue to grow into it. (Patents 5,158,574, 5,116,374, 5,007,934) This scaffold was tested in animals and subsequently in people and was found to successfully replace lost segments of meniscus tissue (Fig 1). It became widely available in Europe and temporarily in the US in 2009. However, in cases where large areas of meniscus are missing, full intact meniscus transplantation", "title": "Meniscus transplant" }, { "docid": "1969240", "text": "Osteolysis is an active resorption of bone matrix by osteoclasts and can be interpreted as the reverse of ossification. Although osteoclasts are active during the natural formation of healthy bone the term \"osteolysis\" specifically refers to a pathological process. Osteolysis often occurs in the proximity of a prosthesis that causes either an immunological response or changes in the bone's structural load. Osteolysis may also be caused by pathologies like bone tumors, cysts, or chronic inflammation. Joint replacement While bone resorption is commonly associated with many diseases or joint problems, the term osteolysis generally refers to a problem common to artificial joint replacements such as total hip replacements, total knee replacements and total shoulder replacements. Osteolysis can also be associated with the radiographic changes seen in those with bisphosphonate-related osteonecrosis of the jaw. There are several biological mechanisms which may lead to osteolysis. In total hip replacement, the generally accepted explanation for osteolysis involves wear particles (worn off the contact surface of the artificial ball and socket joint). As the body attempts to clean up these wear particles (typically consisting of plastic or metal), it triggers an autoimmune reaction which causes resorption of living bone tissue. Osteolysis has been reported to occur as early as 12 months after implantation and is usually progressive. This may require a revision surgery (replacement of the prosthesis). Although osteolysis itself is clinically asymptomatic, it can lead to implant loosening or bone breakage, which in turn causes serious medical problems. Distal clavicular osteolysis Distal clavicular osteolysis (DCO) is often associated with problems weightlifters have with their acromioclavicular joints due to high mechanical stresses put on the clavicle as it meets with the acromion. This condition is often referred to as \"weight lifter's shoulder\". Medical ultrasonography readily depicts resorption of the distal clavicle as irregular cortical erosions, whereas the acromion remains intact. Associated findings may include distended joint capsule, soft tissue swelling, and joint instability. A common surgery to treat recalcitrant DCO is resection of distal clavicle by removing a few millimetres of bone from the very end of the bone. See also Osteolytic lesion Biomineralization References External links Geriatrics Orthopedic surgical procedures Musculoskeletal disorders Arthritis", "title": "Osteolysis" }, { "docid": "529953", "text": "Ablation ( – removal) is the removal or destruction of something from an object by vaporization, chipping, erosive processes, or by other means. Examples of ablative materials are described below, including spacecraft material for ascent and atmospheric reentry, ice and snow in glaciology, biological tissues in medicine and passive fire protection materials. Artificial intelligence In artificial intelligence (AI), especially machine learning, ablation is the removal of a component of an AI system. The term is by analogy with biology: removal of components of an organism. Biology Biological ablation is the removal of a biological structure or functionality. Genetic ablation is another term for gene silencing, in which gene expression is abolished through the alteration or deletion of genetic sequence information. In cell ablation, individual cells in a population or culture are destroyed or removed. Both can be used as experimental tools, as in loss-of-function experiments. Medicine In medicine, ablation is the removal of a part of biological tissue, usually by surgery. Surface ablation of the skin (dermabrasion, also called resurfacing because it induces regeneration) can be carried out by chemicals (chemoablation), by lasers (laser ablation), by freezing (cryoablation), or by electricity (fulguration). Its purpose is to remove skin spots, aged skin, wrinkles, thus rejuvenating it. Surface ablation is also employed in otolaryngology for several kinds of surgery, such as the one for snoring. Radiofrequency ablation (RFA) is a method of removing aberrant tissue from within the body via minimally invasive procedures, it is used to cure a variety of cardiac arrhythmia such as supraventricular tachycardia, Wolff–Parkinson–White syndrome (WPW), ventricular tachycardia, and more recently as management of atrial fibrillation. The term is often used in the context of laser ablation, a process in which a laser dissolves a material's molecular bonds. For a laser to ablate tissues, the power density or fluence must be high, otherwise thermocoagulation occurs, which is simply thermal vaporization of the tissues. Rotablation is a type of arterial cleansing that consists of inserting a tiny, diamond-tipped, drill-like device into the affected artery to remove fatty deposits or plaque. The procedure is used in the treatment of coronary heart disease to restore blood flow. Microwave ablation (MWA) is similar to RFA but at higher frequencies of electromagnetic radiation. High-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) ablation removes tissue from within the body noninvasively. Bone marrow ablation is a process whereby the human bone marrow cells are eliminated in preparation for a bone marrow transplant. This is performed using high-intensity chemotherapy and total body irradiation. As such, it has nothing to do with the vaporization techniques described in the rest of this article. Ablation of brain tissue is used for treating certain neurological disorders, particularly Parkinson's disease, and sometimes for psychiatric disorders as well. Recently, some researchers reported successful results with genetic ablation. In particular, genetic ablation is potentially a much more efficient method of removing unwanted cells, such as tumor cells, because large numbers of animals lacking specific cells could be generated. Genetically ablated lines can be maintained for a prolonged", "title": "Ablation" }, { "docid": "419999", "text": "Fibrocartilage consists of a mixture of white fibrous tissue and cartilaginous tissue in various proportions. It owes its inflexibility and toughness to the former of these constituents, and its elasticity to the latter. It is the only type of cartilage that contains type I collagen in addition to the normal type II. Structure The extracellular matrix of fibrocartilage is mainly made from type I collagen secreted by chondroblasts. Locations of fibrocartilage in the human body secondary cartilaginous joints: pubic symphysis annulus fibrosis of intervertebral discs manubriosternal joint glenoid labrum of shoulder joint acetabular labrum of hip joint medial and lateral menisci of the knee joint location where tendons and ligaments attach to bone triangular fibrocartilage complex (UTFCC) Function Repair If hyaline cartilage is torn all the way down to the bone, the blood supply from inside the bone is sometimes enough to start some healing inside the lesion. In cases like this, the body will form a scar in the area using a special type of cartilage called fibrocartilage. Fibrocartilage is a tough, dense, and fibrous material that helps fill in the torn part of the cartilage; however, it is not an ideal replacement for the smooth, glassy articular cartilage that normally covers the surface of joints. Clinical significance Degeneration of fibrocartilage is seen in degenerative disc disease. References External links See also List of distinct cell types in the adult human body Skeletal system Connective tissue", "title": "Fibrocartilage" }, { "docid": "15484616", "text": "In cellular biology, labile cells are cells that continuously multiply and divide throughout life . Labile cells replace the cells that are lost from the body. When injured, labile cells are repaired rapidly due to an aggressive TR response. This continual division of labile cells allows them to reproduce new stem cells and replace functional cells that are lost in the body. Functional cells may be lost through necrosis, which is the premature death of cells caused by environmental disturbances, such as diseases or injuries. Functional cells may also need to be replaced after undergoing apoptosis, which is the programmed death of cells that occurs normally as part of an organism's development. Labile cells continually regenerate by undergoing mitosis and are one of three types of cells that are involved in cell division, classified by their regenerative capacity. The other two cell types include stable cells and permanent cells. Each of these three cell types respond to injuries to their corresponding tissues differently. Stable cells, unlike labile cells, are typically not dividing and only do so when an injury occurs. Permanent cells are not capable of division after maturing. Some examples of labile cells, which act as stem cells, include skin cells, such as the epidermis , the epithelia of ducts, hematopoietic stem cells, cells within the gastrointestinal tract, and some cells found within bone marrow. Labile cells exhibit a very short G1 phase and never enter G0 phase (the resting phase), as they are continually proliferating throughout their life. Hazards Cells that are constantly dividing have a higher risk of dividing uncontrollably and becoming malignant, or cancerous. Muscle tissue does not consist of constantly dividing cells, which is likely why cancer of the muscle is not nearly as common as, for example, cancer of the skin. In addition, cytotoxic drugs used in chemotherapy target dividing cells and inhibit their proliferation. The cytotoxic drugs aim to target the dividing cells which are malignant in the body; however, these drugs target all dividing cells and are not capable of only selecting the cancerous ones. Healthy cells, that are normally dividing in the body, are targeted and affected as well. For this reason, adverse effects are often produced from chemotherapy. The labile cells within epithelial tissue and bone marrow, for example, may be targeted, resulting in possible hair loss or bone marrow suppression. See also Stable cells, which only multiply when receiving external stimulus to do so Permanent cells, which don't have the ability to multiply References Cell biology", "title": "Labile cell" }, { "docid": "1311539", "text": "Intramembranous ossification is one of the two essential processes during fetal development of the gnathostome (excluding chondrichthyans such as sharks) skeletal system by which rudimentary bone tissue is created. Intramembranous ossification is also an essential process during the natural healing of bone fractures and the rudimentary formation of bones of the head. Unlike endochondral ossification, which is the other process by which bone tissue is created during fetal development, cartilage is not present during intramembranous ossification. Formation of woven bone Mesenchymal stem cells within mesenchyme or the medullary cavity of a bone fracture initiate the process of intramembranous ossification. A mesenchymal stem cell, or MSC, is an unspecialized cell that can develop into an osteoblast. Before it begins to develop, the morphological characteristics of a MSC are: A small cell body with a few cell processes that are long and thin; a large, round nucleus with a prominent nucleolus that is surrounded by finely dispersed chromatin particles, giving the nucleus a clear appearance; and a small amount of Golgi apparatus, rough endoplasmic reticulum, mitochondria, and polyribosomes. Furthermore, the mesenchymal stem cells are widely dispersed within an extracellular matrix that is devoid of every type of collagen, except for a few reticular fibrils. The process of intramembranous ossification starts when a small group of adjacent MSCs begin to replicate and form a small, dense cluster of cells that is called a nidus. Once a nidus has been formed the MSCs within it stop replicating. At this point, morphological changes in the MSCs begin to occur: The cell body is now larger and rounder; the long, thin cell processes are no longer present; and the amount of Golgi apparatus and rough endoplasmic reticulum increases. Eventually, all of the cells within the nidus develop into, and display the morphologic characteristics of, an osteoprogenitor cell. changes in the morphology of the osteoprogenitor cells occur: Their shape becomes more columnar and the amount of Golgi apparatus and rough endoplasmic reticulum increases. Eventually, all of the cells within the nidus develop into, and display the morphologic characteristics of, an osteoblast. Then the osteoblasts create an extracellular matrix containing Type-I collagen fibrils, which is osteoid. The osteoblasts, while lining the periphery of the nidus, continue to form osteoid in the center of the nidus. Some of the osteoblasts become incorporated within the osteoid to become osteocytes. At this point, the osteoid becomes mineralized resulting in a nidus consisting of mineralized osteoid that contains osteocytes and is lined by active osteoblasts. The nidus, that began as a diffuse collection of MSCs, has developed into woven bone, the most rudimentary bone tissue. Formation of lamellar bone The first step in the process is the formation of bone spicules which eventually fuse with each other and become trabeculae. The periosteum is formed and bone growth continues at the surface of trabeculae. Much like spicules, the increasing growth of trabeculae result in interconnection and this network is called woven bone. Eventually, woven bone is replaced by lamellar bone. Formation of bone", "title": "Intramembranous ossification" }, { "docid": "6033118", "text": "The epiphyseal plate, epiphysial plate, physis, or growth plate is a hyaline cartilage plate in the metaphysis at each end of a long bone. It is the part of a long bone where new bone growth takes place; that is, the whole bone is alive, with maintenance remodeling throughout its existing bone tissue, but the growth plate is the place where the long bone grows longer (adds length). The plate is only found in children and adolescents; in adults, who have stopped growing, the plate is replaced by an epiphyseal line. This replacement is known as epiphyseal closure or growth plate fusion. Complete fusion can occur as early as 12 for girls (with the most common being 14–15 years for girls) and as early as 14 for boys (with the most common being 15–17 years for boys). Structure Development Endochondral ossification is responsible for the initial bone development from cartilage in utero and infants and the longitudinal growth of long bones in the epiphyseal plate. The plate's chondrocytes are under constant division by mitosis. These daughter cells stack facing the epiphysis while the older cells are pushed towards the diaphysis. As the older chondrocytes degenerate, osteoblasts ossify the remains to form new bone. In puberty increasing levels of estrogen, in both females and males, leads to increased apoptosis of chondrocytes in the epiphyseal plate. Depletion of chondrocytes due to apoptosis leads to less ossification and growth slows down and later stops when the entire cartilage have become replaced by bone, leaving only a thin epiphyseal scar which later disappears. Histology The growth plate has a very specific morphology in having a zonal arrangement as follows: Clinical significance Defects in the development and continued division of epiphyseal plates can lead to growth disorders collectively known as osteochondrodysplasia. The most common defect is achondroplasia, where there is a defect in cartilage formation. Achondroplasia is the most common cause of dwarfism or short stature and it also manifests in generalized deformities of bones and joints. However, various other types of osteochondrodysplasias can cause short stature and generalized deformities of bones and joints due to abnormal function of growth plate cartilage cells. Hereditary multiple exostoses is a genetic condition that is caused by growth irregularities of the epiphyseal plates of the long bones of the upper and lower limbs. It usually results in limb deformities and a certain degree of functional limitations. Salter–Harris fractures are fractures involving epiphyseal plates and hence tend to interfere with growth, height or physiologic functions. Osgood–Schlatter disease results from stress on the epiphyseal plate in the tibia, leading to excess bone growth and a painful lump at the knee. There are important clinical implications of the growth plate physiology. For example guided growth surgery, also known as temporary hemiepiphysiodesis is used to achieve correction or straightening of the bone deformities in a variety of pediatric orthopedic disorders such as Blount's disease, rickets, arthrogryposis multiplex congenita and osteochondrodysplasias among others. This applies to bone and joint deformities in the coronal", "title": "Epiphyseal plate" }, { "docid": "5926814", "text": "A femoral head ostectomy is a surgical operation to remove the head and neck from the femur. It is performed to alleviate pain, and is a salvage procedure, reserved for condition where pain can not be alleviated in any other way. It is common in veterinary surgery. Other names are excision arthroplasty of the femoral head and neck, Girdlestone's operation, Girdlestone procedure, and femoral head and neck ostectomy. History The operation was first described by Gathorne Robert Girdlestone (1881–1950) in 1945. He originally designed it for treatment of tuberculosis and other disorders of the hips. It may thus be known as a \"Girdlestone operation\". Other surgeons have added various modifications. In veterinary science Use of the operation in veterinary science was first described in 1961 by J. S. A. Spreull. Dogs, cats and small horses, donkeys and ponies have all had the procedure performed successfully. It may be used in some cases of hip dysplasia, an extremely painful congenital condition found in many dog breeds and some cats. It is also performed in cases of trauma where the head of the femur is badly broken or severed, or in response to other diseases of the hip bone, such as Legg-Calve-Perthes' disease. It is sometimes the procedure of last resort when other methods have failed or sepsis of the joint has occurred, but it can be indicated when the hip joint is severely affected or if arthritis In the joint is serious enough. It can also be indicated in small animals with pelvic fractures, particularly fractures of the acetabulum (socket of the pelvis). Small horses and ponies can have an ostectomy without an osteotomy of the greater trochanter. As a salvage procedure, this is usually performed in those animals which have the specific injury of a fracture of the capital physis. These animals would not return to function as riding horses and the procedure may be performed for those animals involved in breeding, milking, and being kept as companion animals. This procedure can also be successfully performed in pigs. Procedure The procedure exposes the head section of the femur bone (the ball of the ball and socket joint), and then the head is removed using a small saw or a bone hammer and chisel. Rarely both sides are done in one operation, most times one side is done and allowed to heal before the other side is done. Unlike in most other hip joint operations, the head of the femur is not replaced, but is allowed to heal and develop its own fibrous scar tissue so that the joint is no longer bone-to-bone, a pseudoarthrosis (also called a \"false joint\"). The neck of the femur is usually removed at the same time as the head. This prevents the post operative complication of bone rubbing on bone and continued pain. This has led to the procedure often also called \"Femoral head and neck ostectomy\". Animals who have had the operation are required to maintain a lower weight to compensate for the loss", "title": "Femoral head ostectomy" }, { "docid": "1176900", "text": "Osseointegration (from Latin osseus \"bony\" and integrare \"to make whole\") is the direct structural and functional connection between living bone and the surface of a load-bearing artificial implant (\"load-bearing\" as defined by Albrektsson et al. in 1981). A more recent definition (by Schroeder et al.) defines osseointegration as \"functional ankylosis (bone adherence)\", where new bone is laid down directly on the implant surface and the implant exhibits mechanical stability (i.e., resistance to destabilization by mechanical agitation or shear forces). Osseointegration has enhanced the science of medical bone and joint replacement techniques as well as dental implants and improving prosthetics for amputees. Definitions Osseointegration is also defined as: \"the formation of a direct interface between an implant and bone, without intervening soft tissue\". An osseointegrated implant is a type of implant defined as \"an endosteal implant containing pores into which osteoblasts and supporting connective tissue can migrate\". Applied to oral implantology, this refers to bone grown right up to the implant surface without interposed soft tissue layer. No scar tissue, cartilage or ligament fibers are present between the bone and implant surface. The direct contact of bone and implant surface can be verified microscopically. Osseointegration may also be defined as: Osseous integration, the apparent direct attachment or connection of osseous tissue to an inert alloplastic material without intervening connective tissue. The process and resultant apparent direct connection of the endogenous material surface and the host bone tissues without intervening connective tissue. The interface between alloplastic material and bone. History Osseointegration was first observed—albeit not explicitly stated—by Bothe, Beaton, and Davenport in 1940. Bothe et al. were the first researchers to implant titanium in an animal and remarked how it tended to fuse with bone. Bothe et al. reported that due to the elemental nature of the titanium, its strength, and its hardness, it had great potential to be used as future prosthesis material. Gottlieb Leventhal later described osseointegration in 1951. Leventhal placed titanium screws in rat femurs and said, \"At the end of 6 weeks, the screws were slightly tighter than when originally put in; at 12 weeks, the screws were more difficult to remove; and at the end of 16 weeks, the screws were so tight that in one specimen the femur was fractured when an attempt was made to remove the screw. Microscopic examinations of the bone structure revealed no reaction to the implants, the trabeculation appeared to be perfectly normal.\" The reactions described by Leventhal and Bothe et al. would later be coined into the term \"osseointegration\" by Per-Ingvar Brånemark of Sweden. In 1952, Brånemark did an experiment where he used a titanium implant chamber to study blood flow in rabbit bone. At the end of the experiment, when it became time to remove the titanium chambers from the bone, he discovered that the bone had integrated so completely with the implant that the chamber could not be removed. Brånemark called this \"osseointegration\", and, like Bothe et al. and Leventhal before him, saw the possibilities for human use.", "title": "Osseointegration" }, { "docid": "23035006", "text": "Artificial bone refers to bone-like material created in a laboratory that can be used in bone grafts, to replace human bone that was lost due to severe fractures, disease, etc. Bone fracture, which is a complete or partial break in the bone, is a very common condition that has more than three million US cases per year. Human bones have the ability to regenerate themselves by cycle of bone resorption and bone formation. The cell responsible for bone resorption is osteoclast, while the cell responsible for bone formation is osteoblast. That being said, the human body can regenerate fractured bone. However, if damage to bone is caused by a disease or severe injury, it becomes difficult for the body to repair itself. When the human body is unable to regenerate the lost bone tissue, surgeons come in and replace the missing bone using autografts, allografts, and synthetic grafts (artificial bone). When comparing artificial bone to autograft and allograft, it is less invasive and more biocompatible since it avoids the risk of unknown viral infections. When designing implanted biomaterials, key criteria are biocompatibility, osteoconductivity, high porosity and biomechanics compatibility. Artificial bone was initially made of materials like metals and solid ceramics, which are strong enough to sustain the loading in bone. However, the rigidity of those materials created an enormous burden on patients and was not consistent with the criteria for implanting biomaterials. Artificial bones made of metal and ceramic tend to do poorly in terms of biocompatibility since it is difficult to blend into bone tissues. Thus, to better help those in need to live a more comfortable life, engineers have been developing new techniques to produce and design better artificial bone structure and material. The two major components of bone are hydroxyapatite [Ca10(PO4)6(OH)2], and collagen fibers. Hydroxyapatite, which is one of the most stable forms of calcium phosphate, makes up about 60 to 65 percent of the bone. The rest of the bone is composed of materials including chondroitin sulfate, keratan sulfate and lipid. Increased research and knowledge regarding the organization, structure of properties of collagen and hydroxyapatite have led to many developments in collagen-based scaffolds in bone tissue engineering. The structure of hydroxyapatite is very similar to that of the original bone, and collagen can act as molecular cables and further improve the biocompatibility of the implant. Overview Demographics of bone injury In the United States, more than 6.5 million bone defects and more than 3 million facial injury cases have been reported each year. More than 2.2 million bone graft procedures are performed worldwide per year. The common causes for bone graft are tumor resection, congenital malformation, trauma, fractures, surgery, osteoporosis, and arthritis. According to the National Ambulatory Medical Care Survey (NAMCS), in 2010, there were approximately 63 million visits to the orthopedic surgery department and about 3.5 million visits for fractures in the emergency departments in the U.S. Among the 6.5 million bone fracture or defect cases, approximately 887,679 people were hospitalized. Current areas of bone", "title": "Artificial bone" }, { "docid": "44380573", "text": "Muscle tissue engineering is a subset of the general field of tissue engineering, which studies the combined use of cells and scaffolds to design therapeutic tissue implants. Within the clinical setting, muscle tissue engineering involves the culturing of cells from the patient's own body or from a donor, development of muscle tissue with or without the use of scaffolds, then the insertion of functional muscle tissue into the patient's body. Ideally, this implantation results in full regeneration of function and aesthetic within the patient's body. Outside the clinical setting, muscle tissue engineering is involved in drug screening, hybrid mechanical muscle actuators, robotic devices, and the development of engineered meat as a new food source. Innovations within the field of muscle tissue engineering seek to repair and replace defective muscle tissue, thus returning normal function.The practice begins by harvesting and isolating muscle cells from a donor site, then culturing those cells in media. The cultured cells form cell sheets and finally muscle bundles which are implanted into the patient. Overview Muscle is a naturally aligned organ, with individual muscle fibers packed together into larger units called muscle fascicles. The uniaxial alignment of muscle fibers allows them to simultaneously contract in the same direction and properly propagate force on the bones via the tendons. Approximately 45% of the human body is composed of muscle tissue, and this tissue can be classified into three different groups: skeletal muscle, cardiac muscle, and smooth muscle. Muscle plays a role in structure, stability, and movement in mammalian bodies. The basic unit for a muscle is a muscle fiber, which is made up of myofilaments actin and myosin. This muscle fiber contains sarcomeres which generate the force required for contraction. A major focus of muscle tissue engineering is to create constructs with the functionality of native muscle and ability to contract. To this end, alignment of the tissue engineered construct is extremely important. It has been shown that cells grown on substrates with alignment cues form more robust muscle fibers. Several other design criteria considered in muscle tissue engineering include the scaffold porosity, stiffness, biocompatibility, and degradation timeline. Substrate stiffness should ideally be in the myogenic range, which has been shown to be 10-15 kPa. The purpose of muscle tissue engineering is to reconstruct functional muscular tissue which has been lost via traumatic injury, tumor ablation, or functional damage caused by myopathies. Until now, the only method used to restore muscular tissue function and aesthetic was free tissue transfer. Full function is typically not restored, however, which results in donor site morbidity and volume deficiency. The success of tissue engineering as it pertains to the regeneration of skin, cartilage, and bone indicates that the same success will be found in engineering muscular tissue. Early innovations in the field yielded in vitro cell culturing and regeneration of muscle tissue which would be implanted in the body, but advances in recent years have shown that there may be potential for in vivo muscle tissue engineering using scaffolding. Etymology The", "title": "Muscle tissue engineering" }, { "docid": "31270321", "text": "Adult mesenchymal stem cells are being used by researchers in the fields of regenerative medicine and tissue engineering to artificially reconstruct human tissue which has been previously damaged. Mesenchymal stem cells are able to differentiate, or mature from a less specialized cell to a more specialized cell type, to replace damaged tissues in various organs. Isolation of mesenchymal stem cells Obtaining mesenchymal stem cells from the bone marrow In the research process of expanding the therapeutic uses of mesenchymal stem cells, they are grown in laboratories or grown using medication to stimulate new cell growth within the human body. In mesenchymal stem cell therapy, most of the cells are extracted from the adult patient's bone marrow Mesenchymal stem cells can be obtained via a procedure called bone marrow aspiration. A needle is inserted into the back of the patients hip bone and cells are removed to be grown under controlled in vitro conditions in a lab. Over a course of two or three weeks, the cells will multiply and differentiate into specialized cells. The number of fully differentiated cells and their phenotype can be influenced in three ways. The first one is by varying the initial seed density in the culture medium. The second is by changing the conditions of the medium. The third is by the addition of additives such as proteins or growth hormones to the culture medium to promote growth. The mature cells are then harvested and injected back into the patient through local delivery or systemic infusion. Isolation efficiency Isolation of mesenchymal stem cells from the bone marrow requires an invasive procedure. Mesenchymal stem cells can also be isolated from birth-associated tissues such as the umbilical cord without the need for an invasive surgical procedure. Differences in isolation efficiency are attributed to the availability, condition, and age of the donor tissue. An issue related to culturing mesenchymal stem cells is the insufficient number of cells that can be produced. During long-term culture, mesenchymal stem cells age, lose their ability to differentiate, and have a higher chance to undergo malignant transformation. Therapeutic properties Mesenchymal stem cells possess many properties that are ideal for the treatment of inflammatory and degenerative diseases. They can differentiate into many cell types including bone, fat, and muscle which allow them to treat a large range of disorders. They possess natural abilities to detect changes in their environment, such as inflammation. They can then induce the release of bioactive agents and the formation of progenitor cells in response to these changes. Mesenchymal stem cells have also been shown to travel to sites of inflammation far from the injection site. Mesenchymal stem cells can be easily extracted through well-established procedures such as bone marrow aspiration. Also, transplanted mesenchymal stem cells pose little risk for rejection as they are derived from the patients own tissue, so are genetically identical, however graft versus host disease is a possibility, where the cells change enough while outside the patient's body that the immune system recognizes them as foreign", "title": "Clinical uses of mesenchymal stem cells" }, { "docid": "658205", "text": "A laminectomy is a surgical procedure that removes a portion of a vertebra called the lamina, which is the roof of the spinal canal. It is a major spine operation with residual scar tissue and may result in postlaminectomy syndrome. Depending on the problem, more conservative treatments (e.g., small endoscopic procedures, without bone removal) may be viable. Method The lamina is a posterior arch of the vertebral bone lying between the spinous process (which juts out in the middle) and the more lateral pedicles and the transverse processes of each vertebra. The pair of laminae, along with the spinous process, make up the posterior wall of the bony spinal canal. Although the literal meaning of laminectomy is 'excision of the lamina', a conventional laminectomy in neurosurgery and orthopedics involves excision of the supraspinous ligament and some or all of the spinous process. Removal of these structures with an open technique requires disconnecting the many muscles of the back attached to them. A laminectomy performed as a minimal spinal surgery procedure is a tissue-preserving surgery that leaves more of the muscle intact and spares the spinal process. Another procedure, called the laminotomy, is the removal of a mid-portion of one lamina and may be done either with a conventional open technique or in a minimalistic fashion with the use of tubular retractors and endoscopes. The reason for lamina removal is rarely, if ever, because the lamina itself is diseased; rather, it is done to break the continuity of the rigid ring of the spinal canal to allow the soft tissues within the canal to: 1) expand (decompress); 2) change the contour of the vertebral column; or 3) permit access to deeper tissue inside the spinal canal. A laminectomy is also the name of a spinal operation that conventionally includes the removal of one or both lamina, as well as other posterior supporting structures of the vertebral column, including ligaments and additional bone. The actual bone removal may be carried out with a variety of surgical tools, including drills, rongeurs and lasers. The success rate of a laminectomy depends on the specific reason for the operation, as well as proper patient selection and the surgeon's technical ability. The first laminectomy was performed in 1887 by Victor Alexander Haden Horsley, a professor of surgery at University College London. A laminectomy can treat severe spinal stenosis by relieving pressure on the spinal cord or nerve roots, provide access to a tumor or other mass lying in or around the spinal cord, or help in tailoring the contour of the vertebral column to correct a spinal deformity such as kyphosis. A common type of laminectomy is performed to permit the removal or reshaping of a spinal disc as part of a lumbar discectomy. This is a treatment for a herniated, bulging, or degenerated disc. The recovery period after a laminectomy depends on the specific operative technique, with minimally invasive procedures having significantly shorter recovery periods than open surgery. Removal of substantial amounts of bone and", "title": "Laminectomy" }, { "docid": "662173", "text": "An endoskeleton (From Greek ἔνδον, éndon = \"within\", \"inner\" + σκελετός, skeletos = \"skeleton\") is a structural frame (skeleton) on the inside of an animal, overlaid by soft tissues and usually composed of mineralized tissue. Endoskeletons serve as structural support against gravity and mechanical loads, and provide anchoring attachment sites for skeletal muscles to transmit force and allow movements and locomotion. Vertebrates are the predominant animal clade with endoskeletons (made of mostly bone and sometimes cartilage), although invertebrates such as sponges also have evolved a mesh-like form of endoskeletons made of diffuse calcite/silica structural elements called spicules, and echinoderms have a dermal calcite endoskeleton known as ossicles. Some coleoid cephalopods (squids and cuttlefish) have an internalized vestigial aragonite/calcite-chitin shell known as gladius or cuttlebone, which can serve as muscle attachments but the main function is often to maintain buoyancy rather than to give structural support, and their body shape is largely maintained by hydroskeleton. Compared to the exoskeletons of many invertebrates, endoskeletons allow much larger overall body sizes for the same skeletal mass, as most soft tissues and organs are positioned outside the skeleton rather than within it. Being more centralized in structure also means more compact volume, making it easier for the circulatory system to perfuse and oxygenate. The external nature of muscle attachments also allows thicker and more diverse muscle architectures, as well as more versatile range of motions. Overview An endoskeleton is a skeleton that is on the inside of a body, like humans, dogs, or some fish. The endoskeleton develops within the skin or in the deeper body tissues. The vertebrate endoskeleton is basically made up of two types of tissues (bone and cartilage). During early embryonic development the endoskeleton is composed of notochord and cartilage. The notochord in most vertebrates is replaced by the vertebral column and cartilage is replaced by bone in most adults. In three phyla and one subclass of animals, endoskeletons of various complexity are found: Chordata, Echinodermata, Porifera, and Coleoidea. An endoskeleton may function purely for support (as in the case of sponges), but often serves as an attachment site for muscle and a mechanism for transmitting muscular forces. A true endoskeleton is derived from mesodermal tissue. Such a skeleton is present in echinoderms and chordates. The poriferan \"skeleton\" consists of microscopic calcareous or siliceous spicules or a spongin network. The Coleoidea do not have a true endoskeleton in the evolutionary sense; there, a mollusk exoskeleton evolved into several sorts of internal structure, the \"cuttlebone\" of cuttlefish being the best-known version. Yet they do have cartilaginous tissue in their body, even if it is not mineralized, especially in the head, where it forms a primitive cranium. The endoskeleton gives shape, support, and protection to the body and provides a means of locomotion. See also Exoskeleton Hydrostatic skeleton References Animal anatomy Biomechanics Skeletal system Zoology", "title": "Endoskeleton" }, { "docid": "20227287", "text": "Gero Hütter (born 18 December 1968) is a German hematologist. Hütter and his medical team transplanted bone marrow deficient in a key HIV receptor to a leukemia patient, Timothy Ray Brown, who was also infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Subsequently, the patient's circulating HIV dropped to undetectable levels. The case was widely reported in the media, and Hütter was named one of the \"Berliners of the year\" for 2008 by the Berliner Morgenpost, a Berlin newspaper. HIV treatment In 2009, Hütter, Eckhard Thiel and others from the Charité Hospital in Berlin, Germany, published a report on the case in the New England Journal of Medicine. Their patient Timothy Ray Brown, a US citizen born in Seattle, Washington, and living in Berlin, had both acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) and HIV. The physicians found a bone marrow donor with a CCR5-Δ32 mutation in both genomic copies of a gene encoding a cell-surface chemokine receptor called CCR5. Because \"most of HIV strains\" use the CCR5 receptor to enter a host cell, the mutation confers resistance to HIV infection. The patient himself was heterozygous for CCR5-Δ32. Following the transplant procedure, the patient's CD4+ T-cells circulating in the blood were homozygous for CCR5-Δ32. The macrophages in his bowel, which continued to express wildtype CCR5 (because they hadn't been replaced yet from bone marrow precursors), also had no detectable virus. After 600 days without antiretroviral drug treatment, the patient's blood, bone marrow and bowel HIV levels were below the limit of detection; the virus was thought to be present in other tissues. However, the patient actually had a brain biopsy, in addition to biopsies of his intestines, liver, lymph nodes, bone marrow—basically, every part of the body that can be biopsied. All were negative for virus. There is no virus in this person's body out to two and a half years off of all anti-HIV drugs. His antibody levels—called titers—are declining just the way expected if the patient was vaccinated against HIV and then the levels of antibodies were examined. They'd be very strong in the beginning, but would weaken if they are not re-exposed to the virus. It is believed this patient has no HIV in his body and therefore there is nothing to re-expose him, so the concentration of HIV antibodies in his blood is decreasing. It is predicted that, in a couple of years, his HIV antibody test will be negative. The mortality risk associated with bone marrow transplants is thought to contraindicate the use of this experimental treatment for HIV-positive individuals without leukemia or lymphoma. Some researchers such as Edward Berger believe that resistance to CCR5 inhibition may emerge if CXCR4 strains of HIV emerge (these use CXCR4 rather than CCR5 as a coreceptor, from which they become independent). Before the treatment though the patient had low levels of the CXCR4 virus but after the treatment this type of HIV could not be detected either which Hütter called \"very surprising\". People without CCR5 can be more sensitive to some infections such", "title": "Gero Hütter" }, { "docid": "7758341", "text": "In anatomy, fibrous joints are joints connected by fibrous tissue, consisting mainly of collagen. These are fixed joints where bones are united by a layer of white fibrous tissue of varying thickness. In the skull, the joints between the bones are called sutures. Such immovable joints are also referred to as synarthroses. Types Most fibrous joints are also called \"fixed\" or \"immovable\". These joints have no joint cavity and are connected via fibrous connective tissue. Sutures: The skull bones are connected by fibrous joints called sutures. In fetal skulls, the sutures are wide to allow slight movement during birth. They later become rigid (synarthrodial). Syndesmosis: Some of the long bones in the body such as the radius and ulna in the forearm are joined by a syndesmosis (along the interosseous membrane). Syndemoses are slightly moveable (amphiarthrodial). The distal tibiofibular joint is another example. A gomphosis is a joint between the root of a tooth and the socket in the maxilla or mandible (jawbones). Sutures A suture is a type of fibrous joint that is only found in the skull (cranial suture). The bones are bound together by Sharpey's fibres. A tiny amount of movement is permitted at sutures, which contributes to the compliance and elasticity of the skull. These joints are synarthroses. It is normal for many of the bones of the skull to remain unfused at birth. The fusion of the skull's bones before birth is known as craniosynostosis. The term \"fontanelle\" is used to describe the resulting \"soft spots\". The relative positions of the bones continue to change during the life of the adult (though less rapidly), which can provide useful information in forensics and archaeology. In old age, cranial sutures may ossify (turn to bone) completely. The joints between the teeth and jaws (gomphoses) and the joint between the mandible and the cranium, the temporomandibular joint, form the only non-sutured joints in the skull. Types of sutures Serrate sutures – similar to a denticulate suture but the interlocking regions are serrated rather than square. Eg: Coronal suture, sagittal Sutures. Plane sutures – edges of the bones are flush with each other as in a normal butt joint. Eg: Internasal suture. Limbous sutures – edges are bevelled so the plane of the suture is sloping as in a mitre joint. Eg: Temporo-parietal suture. Schindylesis – formed by two bones fitting into each other similar to a bridle joint. Eg: Palatomaxillary suture. Denticulate sutures – the edges slot into each other as in a finger joint. Eg: Lambdoid suture. List of sutures Most sutures are named for the bones they articulate, but some have special names of their own. Visible from the side Coronal suture – between the frontal and parietal bones Lambdoid suture – between the parietal and occipital bones and continuous with the occipitomastoid suture Occipitomastoid suture – between the occipital and temporal bones and continuous with the lambdoid suture Sphenofrontal suture Sphenoparietal suture Sphenosquamosal suture Sphenozygomatic suture Squamosal suture – between the parietal and the temporal", "title": "Fibrous joint" } ]

[ "bone remodeling" ]

[ { "docid": "19188781", "text": "Theadora Van Runkle (born Dorothy Schweppe; March 27, 1928 in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania – November 4, 2011 in Los Angeles, California) was an American costume designer. Early life She was born Dorothy Schweppe in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, as the illegitimate daughter of Courtney Bradstreet Schweppe (1885-1958), a reported member of the Schweppes beverage family, and Eltsy Adair (1909-2005). The couple did not stay together, and Eltsy moved to California while Dorothy was still an infant, and raised her on her own. While in her twenties Dorothy began to call herself Theadora (which is the two parts of her name, Doro-thy, fancifully transposed) and became a department store fashion illustrator. For a month she worked as a sketch artist for Dorothy Jeakins, an Oscar-winning costume designer. Although she only worked for Jeakins for one month, soon after she departed, Jeakins called her and told her she had recommended her to work on Bonnie and Clyde. Personal life She had two children with her first husband, Robert Lorimer Van Runkle, with whom she divorced. Her second marriage to photographer Bruce McBroom also ended in divorce. Career The first films Van Runkle designed costumes for were Bonnie and Clyde (1967), The Thomas Crown Affair (1968) and The Arrangement (1969), all of which starred Faye Dunaway, for whom Van Runkle also designed the gown Dunaway wore to the 1968 Oscars, as well as Dunaway's complete off-screen wardrobe at the time. Theadora Van Runkle was nominated for an Oscar for three of her projects: 1967's Bonnie and Clyde, The Godfather Part II in 1974, and Peggy Sue Got Married in 1986. Although not nominated for her work on Troop Beverly Hills, in the film, the central character (played by Shelley Long) references Van Runkle by name. After being complimented on her dress, Long declares, \"It's a Van Runkle, isn't it fabulous?\" In 1983, she won an Emmy Award for her work on \"Wizards and Warriors,\" a fantasy TV series. She was the recipient of the Costume Designer Guild's Lifetime Achievement Award in 2002. Fashion influence Van Runkle rejected the advice of Edith Head to \"do everything in chiffon\" when she started her work on Bonnie and Clyde. Instead she followed her instincts to create an image of the \"romantic and tragic Depression-era gangsters.\" At first Dunaway did not want to wear the fluid, easy to wear and pack clothing and calf-length skirts, but as soon as the movie was released \"maxiskirts replaced miniskirts, the production of traditional French berets increased, and \"women all around America began to search vintage stores and their grandmothers' closets for 1930s vintage pieces.\" Beatty's double-breasted suits, worn by his character Clyde, also brought the 1930s back in style for 1970s menswear. A similar thing happened after Van Runkle's work on The Thomas Crown Affair and Bullit. She collaborated with Steve McQueen to create clothes that made McQueen \"the king of cool.\" According to Bauer, \"The costume design for both of these films had an immediate and lasting impact on fashion.\" Influence on", "title": "Theadora Van Runkle" }, { "docid": "23594158", "text": "Bonnie and Clyde refers to the American outlaw couple Bonnie Parker and Clyde Barrow. Bonnie and Clyde or Bonnie & Clyde may also refer to: Film and television Bonnie and Clyde (film), a 1967 film starring Warren Beatty and Faye Dunaway \"Bonnie & Clyde\", a 2004 episode of the American animated television series Lilo & Stitch: The Series Bonnie and Clyde (miniseries), a 2013 television film starring Emile Hirsch and Holliday Grainger \"Bonnie & Clyde\", a 2016 episode of the documentary television series American Experience \"The Last Ride of Bonnie & Clyde\", a 2016 episode of the American television series Timeless Music Bonnie X Clyde, a Miami-based electronic dance music band Albums Bonnie and Clyde (Messy Marv and Marvaless album), 2003 Bonnie and Clyde (Serge Gainsbourg and Brigitte Bardot album), 1968 The Legend of Bonnie & Clyde, a 1968 album by Merle Haggard and the Strangers The Story of Bonnie and Clyde, a 1968 album by Flatt and Scruggs and the Foggy Mountain Boys Songs \"Bonnie and Clyde\" (Serge Gainsbourg and Brigitte Bardot song), 1968 \"Bonnie and Clyde II\", a 2002 song by Martina Sorbara from the album The Cure For Bad Deeds \"Bonnie & Clyde\" (Sarah Connor and Henning Wehland song), 2016 \"Bonnie & Clyde\" (Die Toten Hosen song), 1996 \"Bonnie & Clyde\" (Loredana and Mozzik song), 2018 \"Bonnie & Clyde\", a 2021 song by Song Yuqi \"Bonnie & Clyde\", a 2016 song by South Korean singer Dean \"Bonnie & Clyde (Part II)\", a song by rapper Foxy Brown featuring Jay-Z from the album Chyna Doll, 1999 \"Clyde & Bonnie\", a 2022 song by Tai Verdes from the album HDTV \"The Bonnie and Clyde Theme\", a song by rapper Yo-Yo featuring Ice Cube from the album You Better Ask Somebody, 1993 \"The Ballad of Bonnie and Clyde\", a 1967 song by Georgie Fame \"The Legend of Bonnie and Clyde\" (song), a 1968 song by Merle Haggard and the Strangers \"'97 Bonnie & Clyde\", a 1999 song by Eminem \"'03 Bonnie & Clyde\", a 2002 song by Jay-Z featuring Beyoncé Other uses Bonnie & Clyde (musical), a 2009 musical by Frank Wildhorn and Don Black \"Bonnie and Clyde Syndrome\", another name for hybristophilia Bonnie and Clyde", "title": "Bonnie and Clyde (disambiguation)" }, { "docid": "12977096", "text": "\"The Ballad of Bonnie and Clyde\" is a song, written by Mitch Murray and Peter Callander, and recorded by the British rhythm and blues musician Georgie Fame. Released as a single, the song reached number one in the UK Singles Chart for one week from 24 January 1968. The song reached number seven in the US Billboard Chart later the same year. Song profile Fame recorded the song after seeing the then controversial gangster film Bonnie and Clyde, now considered a classic, starring Warren Beatty (as Clyde Barrow) and Faye Dunaway (as Bonnie Parker). The song, in the style of the 1920s and 1930s, features the sounds of gun battles, car chases, and police sirens, including the climactic gun battle that takes place when both Bonnie and Clyde meet their end. The instrumentation of the song includes a piano, banjo, drums, trumpets, trombones, and a bass. The piano introduction was picked up from Fats Domino's 1956 \"Blue Monday\". The song is geographically inaccurate in that in the first verse they meet in Savannah, Georgia. In reality, both were from East Texas and there is no evidence the couple ever ventured that far east. Instrumental cover versions of the song were recorded by The Ventures (on their 1968 album Flights of Fantasy) and Andre Kostelanetz (on his 1968 album For the Young at Heart). At least two TV performances by Fame have survived, including one from the German TV pop show Beat Club. The song was also performed on French television in February 1968, by Johnny Hallyday and Sylvie Vartan. Chart performance Weekly charts Year-end charts References External links Georgie Fame fansite 1967 singles Georgie Fame songs Rhythm and blues ballads Great Depression songs RPM Top Singles number-one singles UK Singles Chart number-one singles Songs written by Mitch Murray Songs written by Peter Callander Songs about Bonnie and Clyde 1967 songs CBS Records singles 1960s ballads Song recordings produced by Mike Smith (British record producer)", "title": "The Ballad of Bonnie and Clyde" }, { "docid": "24225238", "text": "This is a list of films with performances that have been nominated in all of the Academy Award acting categories. The Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences annually bestows Academy Awards for acting performances in the following four categories: Best Actor, Best Actress, Best Supporting Actor, and Best Supporting Actress. Films As of the 95th Academy Awards (2022), there have been fifteen films containing at least one nominated performance in each of the four Academy Award acting categories. In the following list, award winners are listed in bold with gold background; others listed are nominees who did not win. No film has ever won all four awards. Superlatives No film has won all four awards; however, there are two films that hold the distinction of winning three out of the four categories they were nominated in: A Streetcar Named Desire (1951) Network (1976) Four of the nominated films hold a total of five nominations, each with an additional nomination within one of the four categories: Mrs. Miniver (1942) – two nominations for Best Supporting Actress From Here to Eternity (1953) – two nominations for Best Actor Bonnie and Clyde (1968) – two nominations for Best Supporting Actor Network (1976) – two nominations for Best Actor Three of the nominated films failed to win any of the four awards: My Man Godfrey (1936) – also failed to win any other Academy Awards Sunset Boulevard (1950) American Hustle (2013) – also failed to win any other Academy Awards Only two of the nominated films won Best Picture: Mrs. Miniver (1942) From Here to Eternity (1953) Only one of the nominated films was not nominated for Best Picture: My Man Godfrey (1936) Five performers were nominated for their work in two different films that received nominations in all acting categories (winners in bold): William Holden (Sunset Boulevard, Network) Warren Beatty (Bonnie and Clyde, Reds) Faye Dunaway (Bonnie and Clyde, Network) Bradley Cooper (Silver Linings Playbook, American Hustle) Jennifer Lawrence (Silver Linings Playbook, American Hustle) Only one director has directed two films that received nominations in all four categories: David O. Russell (Silver Linings Playbook, American Hustle) The 40th Academy Awards (1967) was the only ceremony in which multiple films held at least one nomination in all four acting categories: Bonnie and Clyde Guess Who's Coming to Dinner All of the films, except My Man Godfrey and For Whom the Bell Tolls were also nominated for the \"Big Five\" categories (Best Picture, Best Director, Best Actor, Best Actress and Best Screenplay (Original or Adapted)). See also List of Big Five Academy Award winners and nominees List of films with two or more Academy Awards in an acting category Acting nom", "title": "List of films with all four Academy Award acting nominations" } ]

[ { "docid": "27102914", "text": "Henry Methvin (April 8, 1912 – April 19, 1948) was an American criminal, a bank robber, and a Depression-era outlaw. He is best remembered as the final member of Bonnie and Clyde's gang. His role in the gang has often been misattributed to teenage gang member W.D. Jones as both men were portrayed as composite character \"C.W. Moss\" in the film Bonnie and Clyde (1967). Biography Early life Henry Methvin was born in Louisiana on April 8, 1912, to Ivan \"Ivy\" T. Methvin and Avie Stephens. Barrow gang Methvin was serving a 10-year prison sentence at the Eastham prison farm in Huntsville, Texas when Bonnie and Clyde came to break out Raymond Hamilton on January 16, 1934. One guard was killed and another wounded in the prison break. In the confusion, Methvin and three other inmates took the opportunity to escape with Hamilton. Though Hamilton initially ordered them to go back, Clyde welcomed the convicts and offered to let them join the gang. Though the three other opportunistic inmates chose to take their chances alone, Methvin accepted Clyde's offer to stay. He remained with the gang until their end four months later. About a month after the breakout, on February 19, Methvin joined Hamilton and Barrow in stealing guns and ammunition from a National Guard armory in Ranger, Texas, under the cover of darkness. Eight days later, the men used the weapons to steal $4,138 from a bank in Lancaster. Bonnie and Clyde agreed to drive Methvin to visit his father near Gibsland, Louisiana, on March 1. Methvin was present when, on April 1, the gang shot and killed Texas state troopers E.B. Wheeler and H.D. Murphy. Conflicting reports from relatives and alleged eyewitnesses have implicated each of the four gang members. Barrow was inconsistent about who he believed was the shooter. He wrote to relatives blaming Methvin, who he claimed had misunderstood Barrow’s suggestion that they \"take\" the troopers, meaning to disarm and take them for a \"joyride\", and instead opened fire. In a later letter to authorities, Barrow named Hamilton as the killer. Regardless of Methvin's role, he was part of another of the gang's murders five days later. On April 6, their car became stuck in mud near Commerce, Oklahoma. While trying to get the car moving, they were surprised by two local officers out on patrol and fired at them. Constable Cal Campbell was killed, and Police Chief Percy Boyd was wounded. Boyd was taken hostage by the gang and later released at Mangle Corner, near Fort Scott, Kansas. The next day, while eating at a cafe in Stillwater, they abruptly left when a patrolman passed by. Methvin and the gang remained on the run for the next few months. On April 30, Methvin took part in a Kansas bank robbery with the Barrow gang, joined by Joe Palmer, and they escaped with $2,800. On May 1, the gang was identified in a bank robbery in Sac City, Iowa. Two days later they took $700 from", "title": "Henry Methvin" }, { "docid": "20188735", "text": "Mama Tried is the seventh studio album by American country music singer and songwriter Merle Haggard and The Strangers, released on Capitol Records in 1968. It reached number 4 on Billboard'''s country albums chart. The title song was one of Haggard's biggest hit singles and won the Grammy Hall of Fame Award in 1999. Background Haggard had scored four number one hits in the previous two years with prison songs or crime-related themes, including \"I'm a Lonesome Fugitive\" (1966), \"Branded Man\" (1967), \"Sing Me Back Home\" (1967), and \"The Legend of Bonnie & Clyde\" (1968), and the singer continued his domination of the country charts with the self-penned \"Mama Tried,\" a song in which the narrator laments the pain and suffering he caused his mother by going to prison \"despite all my Sunday learnin'...\" Along with \"Sing Me Back Home\" and \"Okie from Muskogee,\" it is probably the song most closely identified with Haggard. The story was partly autobiographical, and the fact that Haggard had actually spent two years in San Quentin gives the song an authenticity that makes the lyric sound all the more heartfelt. \"Mama Tried\" hit #1 in August 1968 and stayed there for a month. It would also be featured that fall in the Dick Clark production The Killers Three, a film in which Haggard ironically plays a lawman. Although it isn't necessarily a concept album, Mama Tried is dominated with prison songs, including the Porter Wagoner hit \"Green, Green Grass of Home,\" Johnny Cash's \"Folsom Prison Blues,\" and the Mel Tillis original \"I Could Have Gone Right,\" where Haggard once again pleads his mother's forgiveness. Haggard also recorded the Dolly Parton composition \"In the Good Old Days (When Times Were Bad)\" several months before Parton cut it herself. As detailed in the liner notes to the 1994 Haggard retrospective Down Every Road, \"It was Bonnie (Owens) who brought the song to Merle's attention when the two of them did a short tour with Dolly and Porter Wagoner. Relaxing on Merle's bus one day, the guys were up front playing poker while Dolly and Bonnie hung out in back. 'She sang to me all night long,' Bonnie says, 'songs that she'd written...\" As he had on his previous LP The Legend of Bonnie and Clyde, Haggard also included songs written by Dallas Frazier and Leon Payne. Reissues In 1996, Mama Tried was reissued by BGO Records along with I'm a Lonesome Fugitive. In 2006, Mama Tried was reissued by Capitol Nashville along with Pride in What I Am with five bonus tracks and 24-bit digital remastering. Critical receptionMama Tried continued Haggard's artistic and commercial hot streak, reaching number 4 on Billboard's country albums chart. In the original Rolling Stone'' review, Andy Wickham wrote, \"His songs romanticize the hardships and tragedies of America's transient proletarian and his success is resultant of his inherent ability to relate to his audience a commonplace experience with precisely the right emotional pitch...Merle Haggard looks the part and sounds the part because", "title": "Mama Tried (album)" }, { "docid": "56015252", "text": "Bonnie & Clyde Copycats is a 2017 Belgian action film written and directed by Bo & Gustavo Catilina. Plot Bruges is threatened by two notorious mob gangs: the truthful Alfredo's gang and the Toriettis, who have more values. Betty and Marc are an average couple who hate their jobs and dress up as Bonnie & Clyde to try and have a little fun. When they accidentally witness Alfredo, killing a key figure in the Torrieti family, they get entangled in their gang war. They weren't careful what they wished for and are obliged to live a life like their heroes, Bonnie and Clyde, although they now realize that a peaceful life isn't so bad after all. Production Bonnie & Clyde Copycats was filmed at the same time as Direction Lourdes in the summer of 2014, for a total budget of €0. Location The entire film was shot on location in and around Bruges. The climax was filmed at the international airport of Ostend-Bruges. References External links 2017 films 2010s road movies Belgian action films 2010s English-language films", "title": "Bonnie & Clyde Copycats" }, { "docid": "53224377", "text": "130 Mood: TRBL is the debut extended play by South Korean singer Dean. It was released by Joombas and Universal Music Group on March 24, 2016. Background and release On March 21, Dean released a music video for \"Bonnie & Clyde\", the first track from 130 Mood : TRBL, in which he plays the role of Clyde in a reenactment of Bonnie and Clyde. On March 23, a music video for another track, \"D (Half Moon)\" featuring Gaeko was released and a showcase was held in Gangnam, Seoul. The seven-track EP was released the following day, its title named after the racing number '130', which James Dean had painted on his car, and which embodies the same experimental spirit he feels about music. The 'TRBL' portion of the title is a stylisation of 'trouble'. The album is intended to narrate a love story through its consecutive tracks and was written and produced by Dean along with collaborators, with several of the tracks previously released as singles. Critical reception Billboard K-Town columnist Jeff Benjamin described the chart position on the Heatseekers Albums chart uncommon for a K-pop act, and especially for a debut release. He said that the album was an \"impressive debut creatively that pushes R&B ahead into the future with its compositions and collaborations – notably the woozy \"Pour Up\" featuring Zico of Block B, the Weeknd-recalling \"21\" and \"What 2 Do\" with Korean R&B star Crush and L.A. singer Jeff Bernat.\" The album was picked number 5, as one of the 10 Best K-Pop Albums of 2016 by Billboard. The Star gave the album 8 stars out of 10, and praised the album, saying it \"soothes and tantalises\", and is an \"impressive debut album.\" Bandwagon gave the album a positive review, \"His songwriting in 130 Mood: TRBL shows. His future R&B production is top-class, and his ability to write memorable hooks and sultry, resonant melodies is on full display through the short seven-track record.\" IZM praised Dean's vocals and melody of the album, especially the track \"21\", noticing that his talent reaches its peak on that track. Commercial performance The EP charted at No. 10 on the Gaon Album Chart, No. 3 on the Billboard World Albums chart, and No. 22 on the Billboard Heatseekers Albums chart, while \"Bonnie & Clyde\" entered Billboard's World Digital Songs chart at No. 12. Track listing Charts and sales Weekly charts Sales Awards and nominations Release history References Korean-language EPs 2016 debut EPs Dean (South Korean singer) EPs", "title": "130 Mood: TRBL" }, { "docid": "48478962", "text": "Bill Thurman (November 4, 1920 – April 13, 1995) was an American film and television actor. From the early 1960s until his death in 1995, he frequently appeared in B movies and independent films, often playing \"redneck types\" or sheriffs. He worked with low-budget-director Larry Buchanan on numerous films, for example In the Year 2889 and It's Alive!. Thurman was one of those Southern actors who specialized in \"regional\" pictures, films made exclusively for distribution in the Southern States. However, Thurman also appeared in two movies by Hollywood star director Steven Spielberg and played Coach Popper, the apparently homosexual husband of Cloris Leachman, in Peter Bogdanovich's The Last Picture Show (1971). The character actor also appeared in popular television shows like Dallas and Centennial. One of his later roles was Reverend McWiley in the horror film Mountaintop Motel Massacre (1983). Selected filmography The Yesterday Machine (1963) - Police detective The Trial of Lee Harvey Oswald (1964) - Witness High Yellow (1965) - Major Bates Hot Blooded Woman (1965) - Railroad Tough The Black Cat (1966) - Bartender Zontar, the Thing from Venus (1966, TV Movie) - Sheriff Brad Crenshaw Curse of the Swamp Creature (1966, TV Movie) - Driscoll West / The Swamp Creature Spiked Heels and Black Nylons (1967) - Abel In the Year 2889 (1967) - Lt. Lang Shameless Desire (1967) - Cal Night Fright (1967) - Deputy Ben Whitfield Sam (1967) The Other Side of Bonnie and Clyde (1968) - Policeman (uncredited) It's Alive! (1969, TV Movie) - Greely / Monster A Bullet for Pretty Boy (1970) - Huddy The Last Picture Show (1971) - Coach Popper Encounter with the Unknown (1973) - Second Man The Sugarland Express (1974) - Hunter Ride in a Pink Car (1974) - Barlow 'Gator Bait (1974) - Sheriff Joe Bob Thomas Where the Red Fern Grows (1974) - Sam Bellington The Florida Connection (1976) - Deke Creature from Black Lake (1976) - Sheriff Billy Carter Slumber Party '57 (1976) - Mr. Willis Charge of the Model T's (1977) - Sgt. Bond Close Encounters of the Third Kind (1977) - Air Traffic #2 Keep My Grave Open (1977) - Hitchhiker The Beasts Are on the Streets (1978, TV Movie) - Carl Evans The Evictors (1979) - Preacher Higgins Tom Horn (1980) - Ora Haley Skyward (1980, TV Movie) - Pilot #1 Raggedy Man (1981) - Sheriff Mountaintop Motel Massacre (1983) - Reverend Bill McWilley Places in the Heart (1984) - Homer Innocent Prey (1984) - Jim Gardner Alamo Bay (1985) - Sheriff Silverado (1985) - Carter Hawken's Breed (1987) - Jeb Kline It Takes Two (1988) - Bus Driver Painted Hero (1997) - Old Man Bolen (final film role) References External links 1920 births 1995 deaths American male film actors 20th-century American male actors Male actors from Texas", "title": "Bill Thurman" }, { "docid": "42607742", "text": "The On the Run Tour was a co-headlining all-stadium tour by American singer Beyoncé and American rapper Jay-Z, also known as The Carters. The joint tour came shortly after Beyoncé and Jay-Z had finished their own solo tours — The Mrs. Carter Show World Tour and Magna Carter World Tour (both 2013-14), and is in support of their 2013 studio albums — Beyoncé and Magna Carta Holy Grail. The tour's name spins off from the duo's 2013 song collaboration \"Part II (On the Run)\", included on Magna Carta Holy Grail. An official poster for the tour was released along with the announcement of the venture, showing Beyoncé and Jay-Z embracing whilst dressed in black ski masks, following the criminal \"on the lam\" narrative found in the couples' 2002 first single together, \"'03 Bonnie & Clyde\" and \"Part II (On the Run)\". To promote the tour, a faux movie trailer video was premiered in May 2014 entitled \"Run\" (stylized as \"RUN\"). The video, which features eight celebrity cameo appearances, showcases the couple in a variety of Bonnie and Clyde style, action and gun packed situations. The tour itself was noted to follow this same theme throughout, with similar video interludes incorporated into the production of the show. Critics generally lauded the tour, praising the extravagant set list, dynamic and detailed theme and story of the show and both artists' performance abilities, however some felt the on stage chemistry between the couple was not what it could have been. Due to the large demand and tickets selling out in minutes in multiple locations, extra tour dates were added to the itinerary. The tour became a commercial success, grossing $96 million in the first 19 North American shows and $109.7 million in total as well as attendance totalling at 979,781. It was the fifth highest-grossing tour of 2014, according to Pollstars annual year end tour chart. The show was broadcast in its entirety on September 20, 2014, airing on the US television network HBO, following the taping of the two concerts in Paris, France, where the tour concluded. Background Beyoncé and Jay-Z first collaborated in 2002 on \"'03 Bonnie & Clyde\", a song from Jay-Z's seventh studio album, The Blueprint 2: The Gift & The Curse. Since then, other notable collaborations between the pair include Beyoncé's 2003 number-one song, \"Crazy in Love\" featuring Jay-Z, 2013's \"Part II (On the Run)\" which is widely regarded as the follow-up to \"'03 Bonnie & Clyde\" and \"Drunk in Love\", the couple's collaboration from Beyoncé's self-titled fifth album, which was unexpectedly released in December 2013. In July 2013, Jay-Z stated that a joint tour with Beyoncé was \"slowly making sense, more sense every day\". Throughout 2013 and 2014, during Beyoncé's The Mrs. Carter Show World Tour, Jay-Z made multiple guest appearances, starting in July at The Sound of Change Live charity concert where the couple performed \"Crazy in Love\" together, shortly followed by another guest appearance at Brooklyn's Barclays Center in August, where Jay-Z performed \"Tom Ford\"", "title": "On the Run Tour (Beyoncé and Jay-Z)" }, { "docid": "115497", "text": "Gibsland is a town in Bienville Parish in northern Louisiana, United States. As of the 2020 census, its population was 773. The town is best known for its connecting railroads, as the birthplace of the defunct historically black Coleman College, and for the nearby shootings in 1934 of the bandits Bonnie and Clyde. Gibsland native John McConathy was a champion basketball player at Northwestern State University in Natchitoches, Louisiana, who later was the superintendent for the Bossier Parish School Board, in which capacity he was the guiding force behind the establishment of the $57 million Bossier Parish Community College. History Coleman College Coleman College (also known as Coleman Academy) was a segregated African American secondary school founded in Gibsland in 1887 by O. L. Coleman; it was the first secondary school for Black students in northern Louisiana. It was affiliated with the Baptist Church, and supported by the American Baptist Home Mission Society. The institution produced primarily teachers and ministers. The school remained in the community until the Great Depression, in which it closed in 1937. It later re-opened in Shreveport in 1943, and remained there until the 1950s. Railroad history First incorporated in 1889, the Louisiana & North West Railroad Company operates of shortline between Gibsland and McNeil, Arkansas. The LNW interchanges on both ends of the line: with the Union Pacific (former St. Louis Southwestern) in McNeil; and with Kansas City Southern (former MidSouth, ICG) at Gibsland. For many years the road was well-known among railfans for its unusual stable of F7 \"covered wagons\"—unusual motive power of choice for a backwoods southern shortline. In the early 1990s, the F units were sold off to various places, gradually replaced by Geeps from various locations. The LNW shops are located at Gibsland, a few hundred yards from one of the busiest interchange diamonds in all of the state. For decades, three different railroads interchanged in Gibsland. The switching activity could get so hectic the daily routine was known among railfans as the \"Gibsland Shuffle.\" Death of Bonnie and Clyde On May 23, 1934, Bonnie and Clyde, an infamous bank robbing duo, were killed by law enforcement officers off Louisiana Highway 154, south of Gibsland toward Sailes. Geography Gibsland is located in northern Bienville Parish at (32.542675, -93.053511). According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of , of which , or 0.81%, is water. Demographics As of the 2020 United States census, there were 773 people, 261 households, and 161 families residing in the town. Gallery Education The Bienville Parish School Board operates the K-12 Gibsland–Coleman High School in Gibsland. Arts and culture Festivals The Jonquil Jubilee and Historic and Garden Tour and the Bonnie and Clyde Festival are celebrated annually. The Jonquil Jubilee offers advice to area gardeners from botanists. Bonnie and Clyde Festival The Bonnie and Clyde Festival is held in Gibsland in mid-May. It features a staged bank robbery by actors portraying the infamous duo. The festival has been featured on the", "title": "Gibsland, Louisiana" }, { "docid": "74467816", "text": "Cleve September (born 15 October 1993) is a South African-born actor. He originated the role of John Laurens/Philip Hamilton in the West End production of Hamilton. For his performance, he was nominated for Laurence Olivier and WhatsOnStage Awards. He also played Sonny in In the Heights. Early life and education September was born in South Africa and moved to London at the age of 8. When he was younger, September was interested in sports, particularly basketball, rugby and sprint. September attended the BRIT School. He went on to graduate from Mountview Academy of Theatre Arts in 2015 with a Bachelor of Arts in Musical Theatre. Career Musical theatre September made his professional debut in In the Heights, playing the role of Sonny. The show started its run at the Southwark Playhouse and September joined for its transfer to the Kings Cross Theatre in 2015. Original cast included David Bedella as Kevin Rosario, Eve Polycarpou as Abuela Claudia, Victoria Hamilton-Barritt as Daniela and Sam Mackay as Usnavi. The cast performed the song \"96,000\" at the Olivier Awards in 2016, where the show was nominated for Best New Musical. In 2016 September play the role of Tommy Keeler in the Crucible Theatre production of Annie Get your Gun, with Anna-Jane Casey in the title role. He was part of the ensemble in the summer production of Jesus Christ Superstar at the Open Air Theatre in 2017. The show opened at the Open Air Theatre in 2016 and returned the following year, after a US tour and a short indoor run at the Barbican Theatre. In 2018 September joined the cast of the UK premiere of Hamilton in the role of John Laurens/Philip Hamilton. For his performance he was nominated for the Olivier Award for Best Actor in a Supporting Role in a Musical in 2018 and the WhatsOnStage Award for Best Supporting Actor in a Musical in 2019. September joined the cast of Bonnie & Clyde as Ted Hinton at the Arts Theatre in 2023. The production followed a successful concert run of the show with Jeremy Jordan as Clyde and Frances Mayli McCann as Bonnie in 2022. In 2023 September will be playing the role of Will in The Little Big Things, playing at Soho Place from September to November. The cast performed a few songs from the show at West End Live in June 2023. Theatre credits Awards and nominations References External links Cleve September at Spotlight In the Heights London Jesus Christ Superstar - Open Air Theatre Bonnie & Clyde The Little Big Things Living people 1993 births 21st-century South African male actors Alumni of the Mountview Academy of Theatre Arts Male actors from London People educated at the BRIT School South African expatriates in England South African male musical theatre actors", "title": "Cleve September" }, { "docid": "13278919", "text": "\"Love, Springfieldian Style\" is the twelfth episode of the nineteenth season of the American animated television series The Simpsons. It first aired on the Fox network in the United States on February 17, 2008, three days after Valentine's Day. It includes three self-contained stories about romance. The three tales are parodies of Bonnie and Clyde, Lady and the Tramp and Sid and Nancy. Plot The episode begins on a Valentine's Day afternoon. As a Valentine's Day treat, Homer takes Marge to a carnival, where they leave the kids in order to spend the day with one another in the Tunnel of Love. Inside, the two enjoy each other's company; however, Bart attempts to spoil his parents' happiness by filling the water with Jell-O, causing Homer and Marge's boat to stop. Trapped, Homer decides to pass time by telling Marge the story of Bonnie and Clyde. Bonnie and Clyde In 1933, during the Great Depression, Bonnie Parker (Marge) rejects a man trying to get her attention (Cletus), saying she is looking for someone exciting. Clyde Barrow (Homer) then arrives, and after robbing a store (which he ironically co-owns with his father), the two run off. Clyde discovers Bonnie's passion is violence, and the two go on a crime spree by robbing banks. After tricking a citizen (Flanders) into helping them, the two garner intense popularity across the country. The citizen they tricked soon realizes what had happened and betrays them to the police after learning they are an unmarried couple. The Texas officers soon arrive, and the police gun Bonnie and Clyde down. While being shot, Bonnie tells Clyde that she is looking for a man with more excitement, and that they would never have been together. Back at the Tunnel of love, Bart and Lisa arrive at Homer and Marge's boat and want them to tell a child-friendly story. Marge tells the story of Shady and the Vamp. Shady and the Vamp Vamp (Marge) is a royal and luxurious female dog. Shady (Homer) is in love with Vamp and eyes her from a distance, vowing that he will win her. After Shady is trampled by a mob of children, Vamp comforts him, and he asks her out for dinner. The two go to Luigi's, where, after a romantic pasta dinner (Except for the part were Shady nearly swallows Vamp over a string of spaghetti), the two run off onto a hill when the health inspector comes. In the morning, Vamp wakes up with nauseous feelings, and Shady leaves her, claiming that a fox hunter is near, knowing she is actually pregnant. In a musical number entitled \"Any Minute Now\" (featuring canine versions of Lenny, Carl and Barney backing up for Shady), the two dogs await for one another's return, though the cats living with a now-pregnant Vamp (Patty and Selma) convince her that Shady would never come back, whilst the dog who is friends with Shady (Moe) convinces him that he should stay with them rather than be \"stuck\" with", "title": "Love, Springfieldian Style" }, { "docid": "54161418", "text": "Bonnie X Clyde (professionally known as BONNIE X CLYDE) is an American electronic dance music duo formed in 2015 by Daniel Litman and Paige Lopynski. The duo originates from Fairfax, Virginia but started BXC in Miami, Florida, and are now based in Los Angeles. The group fuses electropop, synthpop, house and trap music in their sound. After releasing their song “Rise Above” they followed it up with their song “Bass Jam” which went #1 on Sirius XM. Their name most likely refers to Bonnie and Clyde, an American duo of bandits. History Litman and Lopynski were high school friends who attended Robinson Secondary School in Fairfax, Virginia before getting into music. Lopynski was part of Robinson's chorus, while Litman was doing amateur DJing for local clubs and parties in the Washington, D.C. metro area. It was around this time they began collaboration in high school and college. Lopynski attended Virginia Tech while Litman attended Ithaca College for a year before transferring to University of Miami. Both eventually settled in Miami and restarted collaborations under the pseudonym \"Bonnie X Clyde\". The duo began receiving shows at local music festivals before receiving their first major show at Life in Color Miami in 2016. There they had their first tour with the support of Skrillex also known as the Gunshine State Tour throughout Florida. In late 2016, Bonnie X Clyde signed with Interscope Records and released their first EP through them and Insomniac titled Wanted on March 17, 2017. In 2020, Bonnie X Clyde was slated to play at Bonnaroo Music and Arts Festival, but was ultimately canceled due to the COVID-19 pandemic in Tennessee. Discography Extended plays Wanted (2017) While We're Young (2018) Singles \"The Ride\" (2015) \"Why Do I\" (2016) \"Rise Above\" (2016) \"Where It Hurts\" (2016) \"Worth It\" (with Clips x Ahoy) (2016) \"Closer\" (2016) \"Bass Jam\" (2017) \"Torn\" (2017) \"The Unknown\" (2018) \"Do It All Over\" (2018) \"The Good Life\" (2019) \"So High\" (2019) \"Bad Behavior\" (2019) \"Curse\" (2019) \"Leave It All Behind\" (2019) \"Dirty Thoughts\" (2020) \"Atypical\" (2020) \"Love Is Killing Me\" (2020) \"Worst Enemy\" (2020) \"Too Right To Be Wrong\" (2022) \"Need Ya\" (2022) References Interscope Records artists 2014 establishments in Virginia American club DJs American electronic music duos American house music groups Musical groups established in 2014 Musical groups from Miami Musical groups from Virginia American musical duos American electronic dance music DJs Robinson Secondary School alumni", "title": "Bonnie X Clyde" }, { "docid": "32752361", "text": "Connie & Clyde – Hit Songs of the 30s is a studio album recorded by U. S. Entertainer Connie Francis. Allegedly inspired by the success of Arthur Penn's 1967 motion picture Bonnie & Clyde, Connie Francis decided in March 1968 to record an album of songs from the depression era. The selection of songs was made after interviewing several people about the hit songs from that era. The album's title is a word play on the outlaw duo Bonnie and Clyde, two of the most remembered personalities of the era. Robert Arthur, the musical director of The Ed Sullivan Show, provided the only new song, the opening track Connie & Clyde\". Francis followed this project with enthusiasm, and within an unusual short preparation time of less than two months after the initial idea, the album was recorded on May 6, 7, and 11, 1968. Arrangements were provided by Don Costa, the live orchestra during the sessions was conducted by Joe Mazzu. Two recordings on this album are especially noteworthy: Button Up Your Overcoat and You Oughta Be in Pictures were treated with a special mixing technique. The first bars of each song feature a nostalgic fake gramophone sound before bursting into glorious 1968 state of the art stereo. The mixing of all song was done immediately after the recording sessions in early May 1968, followed by the album's release at the end of the same month. In Germany, the album was released in a slightly edited version: With Plenty Of Money And You was removed from the Golddiggers' Medley, so the recording starts immediately with We're In The Money. On the album cover, the song was renamed The Golddiggers' Song: We're In The Money''. For the photos on the album's cover, Connie Francis and an unnamed production assistant of MGM Records dressed up in fashionable 1930s style and reenacted the famous photo of Bonnie Parker and Clyde Barrow posing with guns in front of a Ford Model B of 1932. Track listing Side A Side B References Connie Francis albums 1968 albums MGM Records albums Covers albums Albums arranged by Don Costa Albums produced by Don Costa", "title": "Connie & Clyde – Hit Songs of the 30s" }, { "docid": "44442549", "text": "Claybourne Elder (born April 21, 1982) is an American actor, singer, and writer who is best known for his work on television and on Broadway. Biography Elder is from Springville, Utah. His mother is a schoolteacher and father a carpenter, and he is the youngest of eight siblings. At an early age he played violin in the school orchestra. Elder studied acting at the Moscow Klasse Centre in Russia before attending Brigham Young University and the University of Utah. He earned a degree in dramaturgy and directing from The University of Utah. Elder received rave reviews and was nominated for a Drama Desk Award for Outstanding Leading Actor in A Play for originating the role of \"Ollie Olson\" in One Arm directed by Moisés Kaufman. He was nominated for a 2015 Lucille Lortel Award for Outstanding Leading Actor in a Musical for Allegro at Classic Stage. He originated the roles of \"Buck Barrow\" in Bonnie & Clyde, \"Hollis Bessemer\" in Stephen Sondheim's Road Show and \"Michael Victor\" in Venice. He played the Soldier/Alex and understudied Jake Gyllenhaal in the Broadway revival of Sunday in the Park with George, which opened in February 2017. He also played the role in the concert performances in October 2016 at New York City Center. Elder can be heard on the cast recordings of Bonnie & Clyde, Road Show, Venice and Sunday in the Park with George. Elder guest-starred as Pete O'Malley in the second season of The CW's The Carrie Diaries. Regionally, Elder played George in Sunday in the Park with George at the Signature Theatre, Arlington, Virginia, in 2014. On Broadway, Elder played the role of Andy in the 2021 revival of Stephen Sondheim's musical Company. Elder played Gaston in the 2023 production of Beauty and the Beast at The Muny. Filmography Personal life Elder and director Eric Rosen were married on July 28, 2012, in New York State. In 2017, they had a son through surrogacy. In 2022, many news outlets reported a human interest story about Elder. In 2007, as a 23-year-old aspiring actor visiting New York City, he was in the standing-room section of the Broadway musical The 25th Annual Putnam County Spelling Bee when a stranger approached him, noted his obvious enthusiasm for theater, gave him $200, and told him to spend it the next night on a ticket to a revival of Stephen Sondheim's Sweeney Todd: The Demon Barber of Fleet Street. Elder did see that show and considered it—and the stranger's kindness—to be the factors that helped him decide to move to New York and pursue acting. By 2022 Elder was starring on Broadway in a different Sondheim revival, Company, alongside Patti LuPone, one of the stars of the Sweeney Todd production that so affected the course of Elder's career; at the same time, Elder was also starring in the HBO series The Gilded Age with Michael Cerveris, who had played the title role in that Sweeney Todd revival. Elder was reunited with Mark Howell, the stranger", "title": "Claybourne Elder" }, { "docid": "62533584", "text": "\"Bonnie & Clyde\" is a song by Swiss rapper Loredana and Kosovo-Albanian rapper Mozzik. The song was written by Loredana and Mozzik along with German producers Macloud and Miksu, who also handled the production. It was independently released as a single for digital download and streaming on 14 September 2018. An Albanian and German-language uptempo hip hop and R&B song, it contains Balkan elements. Inspired by Bonnie and Clyde, the song is lyrically about both rappers confessing that they only are after the money. The accompanying music video was uploaded to YouTube in September 2018. Music critics generally received \"Bonnie & Clyde\" with favorable reviews, complimenting the music and lyrics as well as the rappers' collaboration. The song was a commercial success, reaching number two in both Austria and Switzerland, as well as number three in Germany. It has been also awarded gold certifications by the Austrian International Federation of the Phonographic Industry (IFPI Austria) and German Bundesverband Musikindustrie (BVMI). Background and composition Prior to the release of \"Bonnie & Clyde\", Loredana signed a contract with the German subsidiary of Sony Music in September 2018 and announced the release of an upcoming single. Then, \"Bonnie & Clyde\" was made available for digital download and streaming on 14 September 2018. The single, with its title alluding to the American criminal couple Bonnie and Clyde, marked the first collaboration between the couple Loredana and Mozzik. The song was written by Loredana, Mozzik, Macloud (Laurin Auth) and Miksu (Joshua Allery), with the production handled by the latter two. Musically, \"Bonnie & Clyde\" is an uptempo hip hop and R&B-described song, which incorporates Balkan elements. Performed in German with some lyrics by Mozzik in Albanian, both rappers lyrically confess that they only are after the money. Reception and promotion \"Bonnie & Clyde\" received mainly positive reviews upon its release. Martin Seebacher from Red Bull complimented the song's Balkan and uptempo sounds, stating that it is a \"perfect\" symbiosis of \"classic and hip hop\". Mira Weingart from the same website praised Mozzik's Albanian-language lyrics, labelling them as \"smooth\", and wrote that \"even if you do not understand it, you want to bounce and party to it\". Yma Nowak from Hiphop De found Loredana's rhyming techniques to be \"catchy\", while the staff of laut.de further described them as \"simple\". \"Bonnie & Clyde\" reached number two in both Austria and Switzerland, having since received a gold certification in the former country from the Austrian International Federation of the Phonographic Industry (IFPI Austria). In Germany, the single experienced similar success, peaking at number three on the Official German Charts, and received a gold certification there from the German Bundesverband Musikindustrie (BVMI). Loredana uploaded the music video for \"Bonnie & Clyde\" to her YouTube channel on 14 September 2018. Produced by Bilal Hadzic and Mohamed Elbouhlali, the video received 11 million YouTube views in less than a week. Credits and personnel Credits adapted from Spotify. Loredanasongwriting, vocals Mozzik (Gramoz Aliu)songwriting, vocals Macloud (Laurin Auth)songwriting, producing Miksu (Joshua Allery)songwriting, producing", "title": "Bonnie & Clyde (Loredana and Mozzik song)" }, { "docid": "23594400", "text": "\"Bonnie and Clyde\" is a French-language song written by Serge Gainsbourg, and performed by Gainsbourg and Brigitte Bardot. The song tells the story of the outlaw couple Bonnie and Clyde. It is based on an English language poem written by Bonnie Parker herself a few weeks before she and Clyde Barrow were shot, entitled \"The Trail's End\". It was released on two albums in 1968: Gainsbourg's album Initials B.B., and Gainsbourg and Bardot's album Bonnie and Clyde. In popular culture Appearances in media The song is featured in the film Irma Vep (1996). The song is featured in a 1997 episode of Blue Jam, Season 1, Episode 1. The song is featured in the film Laurel Canyon (2002). The song is featured in the film Rush Hour 3 (2007). The song is featured in a 2013 episode of Mad Men, Season 6, Episode 4, \"To Have and To Hold\". The song is featured in a 2016 episode of Jean-Claude Van Johnson, Season 1, Episode 5, \"Run to Nowhere\". The song is featured in a commercial for the 2017 Nissan Micra titled Meet the Accomplice (2017). The song is featured in the film A Simple Favor (2018). The song is featured in the web television series The Act (2019). Cover versions Steve Wynn (with Johnette Napolitano) covered it in English for Wynn's album Dazzling Display (1992). Luna (with Lætitia Sadier of Stereolab on vocals) covered it for Luna's album Penthouse (1995). The song was later released as a single subtitled \"the Clyde Barrow version\" with a slower version subtitled \"the Bonnie Parker version\". Mick Harvey covered it in English for the Gainsbourg tribute album Intoxicated Man (1995). James Iha of The Smashing Pumpkins (with Kazu Makino of Blonde Redhead) covered it as \"The Ballad of Bonnie and Clyde\" for the American edition of the tribute album Monsieur Gainsbourg Revisited (2006). Belinda Carlisle covered it in French for her album Voila (2007) and in English, included on a bonus disc. Giddle & Boyd (Giddle Partridge and Boyd Rice) covered it for their EP Going Steady with Peggy Moffitt (2008). Lulu Gainsbourg, Serge Gainsbourg's son recorded a cover (with Scarlett Johansson) for the Lulu Gainsbourg album From Gainsbourg to Lulu (2011). Freedom Fry covered it for their EP Outlaws (2012). Great Northern covered it for a 2012 episode of Gossip Girl, Season 6, Episode 10, \"New York, I Love You XOXO.\" Madison covered it for the miniseries Bonnie & Clyde (2013). Nick Kroll covered it (with some name changes) for Season 4 of the animated comedy Big Mouth in (2020). Samples MC Solaar sampled it for the song \"Nouveau Western\" on his second studio album Prose Combat (1994). Renegade Soundwave sampled it for their song \"Renegade Soundwave\" off their album Howyoudoin? (1994). United Future Organization sampled it for their song \"Good Luck Shore\" on their album Bon Voyage (1999). 7L & Esoteric sampled it for their song \"Everywhere\" on their album A New Dope (2006). Kylie Minogue sampled it for her song \"Sensitized\"", "title": "Bonnie and Clyde (Serge Gainsbourg and Brigitte Bardot song)" }, { "docid": "20188576", "text": "The Legend of Bonnie & Clyde is the sixth studio album by American country music artist Merle Haggard and The Strangers released on Capitol Records in 1968. It rose to number 6 on the Billboard country albums chart. Background The title track to this album became Haggard's third consecutive number one country single, but it was its B-side, \"I Started Loving You Again\" (the \"Today\" was added to the title later), that became a standard and his most covered song. In the book Merle Haggard: The Running Kind, David Cantwell discusses the song's impact, noting that between 1968 and 1975 alone \"at least sixty recordings of the song were released. There have been pushing that many again in the decades since, and that's without counting the times it's been performed on television through the years, or during mega-star arena shows and don't-forget-to-tip-your-waitress bar sets, or the just-for-fun semipro and amateur versions YouTube lists into the thousands.\" Singer Bonnie Owens, Haggard's then-wife and band member, played a crucial role in the song's creation. In the episode of CMT's Inside Fame that was dedicated to Haggard's career, Owens remembers that Merle \"thought he was out of love with me and wanted out...\" Haggard picks up the story, remembering that they were walking through an airport: \"I looked at this woman, and she was gorgeous, an absolutely gorgeous lady, and I said, 'You know what? I think I started lovin' you again today.' And she said, 'Turn that around.' And I said, 'Turn what around?' 'Today I started lovin' you again.' I said, 'That gives you half of it.' A few days later Haggard wrote the song alone in a motel room in Dallas. In the same episode of Inside Fame, an emotional Haggard chokes up remembering the first time he played it for her, adding, \"Some things are hard to tell.\" Owens also co-wrote the album's title track, which was inspired by the 1967 Arthur Penn film Bonnie and Clyde. The song is one of the few Haggard hits from this period to not feature James Burton on guitar, but Glen Campbell, who was about to crack the pop charts with \"By the Time I Get to Phoenix\" and plays banjo on Haggard's track. The album contains only two songs composed solely by Haggard, with the singer relying on country songwriter Dallas Frazier for three songs and also recording selections by old friends Tommy Collins and Wynn Stewart. \"Money Tree\" was originally recorded by Haggard's hero Lefty Frizzell. The Legend of Bonnie & Clyde was reissued by BGO Records along with Pride in What I Am in 2002. Critical reception Stephen Thomas Erlewine of AllMusic admires the \"unconventional\" covers that Haggard chose to record, but states that \"they're all overshadowed by 'I Started Loving You Again,' the timeless ballad Haggard co-wrote with Bonnie Owens that stands as one of his greatest moments. Its presence along with the terrific title track and Haggard & the Strangers' restless but quiet musical exploration make The", "title": "The Legend of Bonnie & Clyde" }, { "docid": "46345096", "text": "Profiles in History was an auction house in Los Angeles, California. It was founded in 1985 by Joseph Maddalena, who is an auctioneer and dealer of authentic and original collectibles, including Hollywood memorabilia, historical autographs, letters, documents, vintage signed autographs, and manuscripts. Maddalena was the company's president and CEO. It became defunct in January 2021 when Maddalena joined former rival Heritage Auctions. Auctions Profiles in History held Hollywood and historical auctions throughout the year. Hollywood memorabilia In October 2014, Profiles in History held their largest Hollywood memorabilia auction to date. The auction included Ian McKellan's \"Gandalf The White\" staff from The Lord of the Rings Trilogy, the \"Indiana Jones\" whip used in the 1981, 1984, and 1989 Indiana Jones movies, and Leonardo DiCaprio's \"Jack Dawson\" \"King of The World\" coat from Titanic. In July 2013, the auction house presented a collection of Lucille Ball memorabilia as part of their second of two Drier Collection auctions. On June 18, 2011, Profiles in History launched the first of a series of auctions of Debbie Reynolds' collection of Hollywood memorabilia. In June 2011, the auction house garnered $5.52 million for Marilyn Monroe's \"Subway\" dress from The Seven Year Itch. The dress broke the Guinness world record for the most expensive dress sold at auction. $4.4 million was secured for the Audrey Hepburn \"Ascot\" dress from My Fair Lady. In December 2011, the Panavision PSR 35mm camera that George Lucas used for principal photography on the first Star Wars film in 1977 was sold at auction for $625,000, a record price for a movie camera. Historical auctions Eight lots of Albert Einstein material, including an unpublished poem, were sold at Profiles in History's historical auction held in Calabasas, California, in December 2014. The sale also included a total of seven Abraham Lincoln items, including the desk Lincoln used in 1840–42 during his last term in the Illinois State House of Representatives and an autograph letter he wrote on August 17, 1860, to Thurlow Weed; a collection of 27 crime scene and autopsy photos of Bonnie Elizabeth Parker and Clyde Barrow (Bonnie and Clyde); and an autograph letter from Thomas Jefferson written while he was vice president. After realizing over $6 million in sales for the first \"The Property of A Distinguished American Private Collector\" auction in December 2012, the company held a second in May 2013, offering notable letters and manuscripts. The second auction garnered national attention for the sale of Marilyn Monroe's undated letter to Lee Strasberg. Additional highlights from the auction included two large photograph albums documenting Mussolini's visit to Hitler in Germany in 1937, a one-page autograph letter in English by Karl Marx, and an 1805 autograph letter by Ludwig van Beethoven to opera singer Friedrich Sebastian Mayer. Television Hollywood Treasure premiered on the Syfy channel on October 27, 2010, and featured Profiles in History president and CEO, Joseph Maddalena, and the company's head of acquisitions and consignment, Brian Chanes, among the cast. The weekly reality series, produced by Maddalena, examined", "title": "Profiles in History" }, { "docid": "23905041", "text": "The Bonnie and Clyde Garage Apartment is located at Oak Ridge Drive in Joplin, Newton County, Missouri. Its front door opens onto 34th Street. It was built about 1927, and is a two-story building on a poured concrete foundation. It has a gently pitched hipped roof and exposed rafter ends in the American Craftsman style. Barrow Gang The apartment was the location where the Barrow Gang hid out after a series of robberies in Missouri and neighboring states. The group passed time playing cards, doing puzzles, and drinking newly legalized beer. Clyde Barrow parked his stolen car in the left side of the double garage beneath the two apartments while Blanche and Buck had to rent space at a nearby house for their car as a neighbor had the right-side spot already. Blanche and Bonnie would go to the movies or shop for knick-knacks at Kress' store. Blanche ended up doing much of the cooking and washing for the others. After twelve days, neighbors reported suspicious behavior to the authorities. The gang's loud, drunken card games and an accidental discharge of a Browning Automatic Rifle by Clyde led to neighbors reporting suspicious men to law enforcement and local police began watching the building. A raid was then organized for April 13, 1933, when two armed carloads of local police pulled up to confront what they had suspected to be just a group of bootleggers. The gang had been on the verge of leaving that day. Clyde responded to the police by instantly opening fire. Two of the policemen were killed, while others took cover from the automatic weapons wielded by the gang. Undeveloped photographs, left behind by the gang, helped the authorities eventually stop the gang. Stolen merchandise conclusively tied the gang to a robbery in Joplin during their stay there. The property was added to the National Register of Historic Places (NRHP) in May 2009. References Residential buildings on the National Register of Historic Places in Missouri Residential buildings completed in 1927 Apartment buildings in Missouri Bonnie and Clyde Buildings and structures in Joplin, Missouri National Register of Historic Places in Newton County, Missouri", "title": "Bonnie & Clyde Garage Apartment" }, { "docid": "120385", "text": "Okabena ( ) is a town in Jackson County, Minnesota, United States. The population was 188 at the 2010 census. The community's name is a Dakota term meaning \"the nesting place of herons.\" History Okabena was founded in 1879 after the railroad had been extended to that point. A post office has been in operation at Okabena since 1880. Bank robbery On May 19, 1933, the Okabena Bank was robbed by Bonnie and Clyde. After leaving the bank, the outlaws' car sped through Okabena, spraying the town with machine-gun fire. Schoolchildren ducked behind trees and bullets sliced through walls and shattered windows. They escaped on a country road with approximately $2500 (approximately $44,000 in 2013 dollars). Three other people (Tony, Floyd and Mildred Strain) were sent to prison for the crime, and it was not recognized for many years that the real robbers were the infamous Bonnie and Clyde Gang. Investigation and trial In 1933 alone, 32 banks were robbed in Minnesota. The FBI did not investigate bank robberies until 1934, so the Minnesota Bureau of Criminal Apprehension (BCA) and the Jackson County Sheriff were responsible for solving the crime. Agent William Conly of the Minnesota BCA was provided with eyewitness descriptions matching the appearances of Tony and Floyd Strain. The description of the incident also described a woman involved as the get away driver, who was presumed to be Mildred Strain and later matched by eyewitnesses. They were local criminals who were suspected in a number of other local bank heists. After two quick trials, they were convicted by Jackson County juries, and Tony and Floyd were sentenced to 10–80 years and Mildred was sentenced to 5–40 years, as she was only the getaway driver, a less serious offence. The trio were also suspected of robbing banks in the Minnesota towns of Chandler, Ihlen, Madison, Russell and Westbrook and the South Dakota towns of Canova, Vermillion, Kaylor and Huron. However, events in later years made clear that the trio could not have been responsible for those other bank robberies. Mildred insisted she was framed for the Okabena robbery until the day she was released from Shakopee Women’s Prison in 1942. Moreover, two officers of the Sioux City, Iowa police department later claimed they were watching her at her residence on the day of the robbery. Tony and Floyd also maintained their innocence until they were released from Stillwater Penitentiary in 1946. Later evidence Years after Bonnie and Clyde had died, a book was ghost-written by Bonnie's mother and Clyde's sister, claiming that Bonnie and Clyde had robbed the bank in Okabena, along with Clyde's brother Buck Barrow and Buck's wife Blanche Barrow. Another book written by Blanch Barrow made the same claim. Shortly before the Okabena robbery, police in Joplin, Missouri raided a house used by Bonnie and Clyde as a hide-out. In the house they found undeveloped rolls of film of Bonnie and Clyde brandishing pistols and machine guns, along with several poems of their exploits written by", "title": "Okabena, Minnesota" }, { "docid": "23133893", "text": "Bonnie & Clyde is a musical with music by Frank Wildhorn, lyrics by Don Black and a book by Ivan Menchell. The world premiere took place in San Diego, CA in November 2009. The musical centers on Bonnie Parker and Clyde Barrow, the ill-fated lovers and outlaws whose story has been infamous since they achieved folk hero status during the Great Depression. Wildhorn described the music as a \"non-traditional score, combining rockabilly, blues and gospel music\". The San Diego run was followed by a Sarasota, Florida, engagement in 2010. The musical debuted on Broadway in December 2011. It was nominated for three Outer Critics Circle Awards and five Drama Desk Awards, both including Best New Musical, as well as two nominations for the 2012 Tony Awards. Subsequent productions have since been staged internationally following the submission of the work to Music Theater International, including productions in Japan, Korea, UK and Brazil. Background Previously, Black and Wildhorn collaborated on Dracula, the Musical, which also had its world premiere in La Jolla. Wildhorn got in touch with Black about the possibility of writing a song cycle based on the story of Bonnie and Clyde. They released a 13-track demo recording (five of which are still in the present musical but altered considerably) for Atlantic Records with Michael Lanning, Rob Evan, Brandi Burkhardt and Linda Eder sharing the principal roles. The music contains elements of country and western, Blues and Broadway pop. In February 2009, the show held an industry-only reading at Roundabout Theatre Company, starring Laura Osnes as Bonnie and Stark Sands as Clyde. Production history San Diego (2009) The musical had its world premiere at the La Jolla Playhouse in San Diego, CA beginning in previews November 10, 2009. Opening night was November 22. The run concluded December 20, after 15 previews and 33 regular performances. Jeff Calhoun helmed and choreographed the production that starred Osnes and Sands, along with Melissa van der Schyff as Blanche and Claybourne Elder as Buck. It won five major San Diego Theatre Critics Circle Awards in 2009. Sarasota (2010) Due to a positive response from the San Diego run, the show announced a return engagement for the Asolo Repertory Theatre in Sarasota, Florida. Previews began November 12, 2010, before a November 19 opening. It ran for 8 previews and 36 regular performances through December 19, with Osnes being joined by Jeremy Jordan as Clyde. The production's artistic director Michael Edwards stated, \"How it goes here, will determine whether it goes to Broadway\". Broadway (2011) The success of the Florida production led to the show's Broadway debut in New York City. Previews began on November 4, 2011, at the Gerald Schoenfeld Theatre, with the official opening on December 1, 2011, following the 33 previews. Osnes and Jordan reprised their roles. The producers announced on December 16, 2011, that the show would close on December 30. Originally planned as an open-ended run, it played 36 regular performances. On January 2, 2012, statement, director Calhoun said that he", "title": "Bonnie & Clyde (musical)" }, { "docid": "2168623", "text": "Raymond Elzie Hamilton (May 21, 1914 – May 10, 1935) was a member of the notorious Barrow Gang during the early 1930s. By the time he was 20 years old, he had accumulated a prison sentence of 362 years. Early life Raymond Hamilton was born May 21, 1914, in a tent on the banks of the Deep Fork River in Oklahoma. His father was John Henry Hamilton who abandoned the family when Raymond was 10 years old. His mother was Sara Alice Bullock. Raymond had one brother, Floyd Hamilton, and four sisters – Lilly Hamilton, Lucy Hamilton, Margie Hamilton, and Audrey Hamilton. Sarah moved the family to West Dallas, where Raymond was raised and where he received his minor public education. Little is known about Hamilton's childhood. He began skipping school at a young age. He used to fence stolen bicycles through future sheriff Smoot Schmid and began committing petty thefts. The Barrow Gang Hamilton met Clyde Barrow who lived in the same neighborhood when they were boys, and later joined the \"Barrow Gang\". Hamilton was involved in the killing of Deputy Sheriff Eugene C. Moore, when Moore and Sheriff Charlie Maxwell became suspicious of the men at an outdoor country dance in Stringtown, Oklahoma. Sheriff Maxwell sustained six gunshot wounds in the exchange but survived. It was Barrow's and Hamilton's first murder of a police officer. The group had drawn suspicion because they were well-dressed strangers at a small-town dance, and some local boys were upset that they were dancing with the local girls. The police, assuming the strangers were just bootleggers, originally intervened to prevent a fight. Hamilton's presence in the group was often problematic, with Clyde Barrow and other members of the gang commonly referring to his girlfriend Mary O'Dare as \"the washerwoman.\" Mary was the sister of local criminal and early partner of Clyde – O'Dell Chambless. When Hamilton was imprisoned at the Eastham prison farm north of Huntsville, Texas, Bonnie and Clyde raided the farm to free him and four other prisoners on January 16, 1934. One of the other escapees, Joe Palmer, mortally wounded guard M.J. Crowson and caused a series of events which led to Texas Prison System chief Lee Simmons to issue a shoot to kill order against Clyde Barrow and Bonnie Parker. Simmons hired ex-Texas Ranger Frank Hamer, who formed a six-man posse in order to execute this order. After a quarrel between Bonnie and Clyde, Hamilton's girlfriend Mary had suggested that Bonnie put something in Clyde's drink to knock him out, and they would take his money and leave. Bonnie immediately told Clyde. Clyde also observed through a rearview mirror that Hamilton was putting some of their robbery money in his pocket. Hamilton left the Barrow Gang after the fight about Mary O'Dare and was recaptured by authorities on April 25, 1934. He was in prison when Clyde Barrow and Bonnie Parker were ambushed and killed by Hamer's posse on May 23, 1934. Hamilton escaped and went on a crime", "title": "Raymond Hamilton" }, { "docid": "35800169", "text": "The Bonnie Parker Story is a 1958 crime film directed by William Witney. The movie is loosely based on the life of Bonnie Parker, a well-known outlaw of the 1930s. The film stars Dorothy Provine as Parker; Parker's actual historical partner, Clyde Barrow, is renamed Guy Darrow for the film's story, and played by Jack Hogan. The film was released by American International Pictures as a double feature with Machine Gun Kelly starring Charles Bronson in his first leading role. Plot Diner waitress Bonnie Parker is just as tired of her job in 1932 Texas as she is of customers like Guy Darrow, who try too hard to make her acquaintance. When she goes too far, fending off Guy with hot oil, Bonnie is fired. With her husband Duke Jefferson still in prison and no means of support, Bonnie teams up with Guy on a series of small holdups. She also kills a cop who is chasing them, which leads to Tom Steel of the Texas Rangers, a fictionalized version of Frank Hamer, being assigned to the case. Guy's incarcerated cousin Chuck is paroled in late 1933, so Bonnie and the Darrows travel north to Missouri and Iowa for more robberies. Bonnie thinks it is time to stop thinking small and aim for banks instead of gas stations and such. She also decides the gang should bust Duke out of the pen. Their daring breakout succeeds, but Chuck is shot. Now that her husband is in charge, the trio begins making some big scores and become America's most wanted criminals. But when a big scheme by Bonnie to rob an armored truck backfires, the guards locking themselves inside a vehicle that is bulletproof, things continue to go wrong when Guy accidentally kills Duke. On the lam, Bonnie decides it is time to hide out in Louisiana, but it is only a matter of time before Steel and the Rangers find them. Bonnie and Guy go down in a hail of bullets. Cast Dorothy Provine as Bonnie Parker Jack Hogan as Guy Darrow Richard Bakalyan as Duke Jefferson Joe Turkel as Chuck Darrow William Stevens as Paul Baxter Douglas Kennedy as Tom Steel Patricia Huston as Chuck's Girl Jim Beck as Alvin Critical response In her review of the 1967 film Bonnie and Clyde, Pauline Kael dismissed The Bonnie Parker Story as \"a cheap - in every sense - 1958 exploitation film.\" Recent critics have been more enthusiastic. Bob Mastrangelo wrote, \"The Bonnie Parker Story is an obscure oddity that exists in the shadow of the far better known Bonnie and Clyde, but this little film is also able to stand on its own legs.\" Quentin Tarantino considers the film's director, William Witney, to be a \"lost master\"; he's quoted as saying of this film that, \"I was blown away. It was like, whoa, who made this? I have to see everything he ever did.\" Elaine Lemmon wrote in Senses of Cinema that, \"Other than the predictable final shoot-out, The Bonnie", "title": "The Bonnie Parker Story" }, { "docid": "56569693", "text": "The Highwaymen is a 2019 American period crime thriller film directed by John Lee Hancock and written by John Fusco. The film stars Kevin Costner and Woody Harrelson as Frank Hamer and Maney Gault, two former Texas Rangers who attempt to track down and apprehend notorious criminals Bonnie and Clyde in the 1930s. Kathy Bates, John Carroll Lynch, Kim Dickens, Thomas Mann and William Sadler also star. The film had been in development hell for many years, with producer Casey Silver looking into the project as early as 2005. Originally pitched by Fusco as a possible Paul Newman and Robert Redford project, the film began development at Universal Pictures but never came to fruition. In February 2018, it was reported Netflix had picked up the rights to the film and that Costner and Harrelson would star. Filming took place later that month and in March, shooting around Louisiana and at several historical sites, including the road where Bonnie and Clyde were killed. The Highwaymen had a limited theatrical release in the United States on March 15, 2019, before being released digitally on March 29, 2019, on Netflix. It received mixed reviews from critics. Plot In 1934, after two years on the run, criminals Bonnie Parker and Clyde Barrow break several associates out of Texas' Eastham Prison Farm. Texas Department of Corrections Chief Lee Simmons persuades Governor \"Ma\" Ferguson to hire former Texas Ranger Frank Hamer to track down the criminals. Reluctant to leave retirement and his wife Gladys, Hamer joins the manhunt after the fugitive gang is involved in a devastating shootout in Missouri, and he recruits his former partner, Benjamin Maney Gault, despite his doubts about Gault's sobriety and decayed policing abilities. He refuses to share the driving with Gault. Information from FBI wiretapping of the fugitives' families leads Hamer and Gault to conclude that Bonnie and Clyde are returning \"home\" to Dallas. Watching Bonnie's mother's house, they see a man throw a bottle into her yard, which is soon thrown back, but a boy escapes with it. Dismissing the Rangers' theory, the FBI believe the fugitives are in Brownsville. Hamer and Gault meet with Dallas Sheriff \"Smoot\" Schmid, who introduces them to Deputy Sheriff Ted Hinton, a childhood friend of the pair who can identify them on sight. The gang kills two policemen in nearby Grapevine; Hamer and Gault investigate the scene and determine that Bonnie has a rabbit, which Hinton suggests is a present for a family member. The Rangers drive to Oklahoma and question a gas station attendant, who declares his support for the criminals. Hamer gets the man to admit the gang passed through en route to a migrant camp, where a local girl confirms they stayed. A radio bulletin alerts the Rangers to two more murdered officers but, being outside their jurisdiction, they are barred from passing the police roadblock, which a frustrated Hamer drives around. They continue to Coffeyville, Kansas, correctly guessing that Bonnie and Clyde will stop there for supplies. As the", "title": "The Highwaymen (film)" }, { "docid": "25421074", "text": "\"The Legend of Bonnie and Clyde'\" is a song written by American country music artists Merle Haggard and Bonnie Owens, and recorded by Haggard and The Strangers. It was released in January 1968 as the first single and title track from the album The Legend of Bonnie and Clyde. The song was Haggard and The Strangers' fourth No.1 on the U.S. country singles chart. The single spent two weeks at number one and a total of 14 weeks on the country chart. Content The song is a condensed biography of the famed outlaw duo Bonnie Parker and Clyde Barrow, starting from the time they met to their violent death in an ambush. B-side The B-side of the single was \"Today I Started Loving You Again.\" A ballad composed by Haggard and Bonnie Owens, the song neither charted on its own as a single nor was listed as a flip-side \"tag-along\" hit. Nonetheless, \"Today I Started Loving You Again\" became one of Haggard's most popular songs and would be a staple of classic country music radio stations' playlists. Chart performance Released in February 1968, The Legend of Bonnie and Clyde was Merle Haggard's fourth No.1 song on the Billboard magazine Hot Country Singles chart in April. The song spent two weeks at No.1. Covers The song has been covered by a number of other artists, including Glen Campbell, Tammy Wynette, David Allan Coe and bluegrass group Fast Track. References 1968 singles Merle Haggard songs Glen Campbell songs Songs written by Merle Haggard Song recordings produced by Ken Nelson (American record producer) Capitol Records singles Songs about Bonnie and Clyde 1968 songs Songs written by Bonnie Owens", "title": "The Legend of Bonnie and Clyde (song)" }, { "docid": "4754899", "text": "Holt Coffey (August 2, 1891 – January 9, 1964) was the sheriff of Platte County, Missouri from 1933 until 1937 and again from 1941 until 1945. Coffey, along with newly elected Platte City Prosecutor David Clevenger, was responsible for cleaning up much of the small-time crime around Platte County, a suburb of freewheeling Kansas City, Missouri. On July 18, 1933, during Coffey's first term as sheriff, Bonnie and Clyde and three other gang members checked into the Red Crown Tourist Court south of Platte City. The conspicuous behavior of the gang caught Coffey's and others' interest, and on July 20, a ferocious firefight between the Barrows and twelve officers injured both Coffey and his twenty-year-old son Clarence (who was a U.S. Army Pharmacist's mate second class during World War II). While Clarence suffered a wound in his arm that at one time was considered life-threatening, the elder Coffey sought no treatment for his minor wounds. The Barrows escaped and were cornered and engaged again by another posse five days later in Iowa. An expert marksman, Coffey was also a one-time minor-league baseball player. The Coffey family maintained a close relationship with Blanche Barrow, sister-in-law of Clyde, with Blanche claiming the Coffeys were more kind than her own family. Coffey went on to own and operate the Red Crown Tavern from 1945 to 1950. He became a county commissioner in 1956. He died at age 72 in 1964. Further reading Barrow, Blanche Caldwell and John Neal Phillips (2004). My Life with Bonnie and Clyde. Norman: University of Oklahoma Press. . Guinn, Jeff (2009). Go Down Together: The True, Untold Story of Bonnie and Clyde. New York: Simon & Schuster. . Knight, James R. and Jonathan Davis (2003). Bonnie and Clyde: A Twenty-First-Century Update. Austin, TX: Eakin Press. . Ramsey, Winston G., ed (2003). On The Trail of Bonnie and Clyde, Then and Now. London: After The Battle Books. . References External links Platte County Landmark article 1891 births 1964 deaths People from Platte County, Missouri County commissioners in Missouri Missouri sheriffs 20th-century American politicians", "title": "Holt Coffey" }, { "docid": "6097016", "text": "Guns Don't Argue is a 1957 low-budget feature film about the early achievements of the FBI in defeating the most notorious criminals of the 1930s. The film involves dramatizations of the crimes and eventual demise of various gangsters, along with a moralistic narrative. It was edited together from a composite of three episodes from the 1952 TV series Gangbusters. Production The film was released to theatres in 1957 as a feature produced by William Faris, directed by Bill Karn & Richard Kahn. A similar film, Gang Busters (1954), was also originally based on the dramatic radio program first titled G-Men, which premiered on July 20, 1935. The title was changed to Gang Busters on January 15, 1936. Plot The film takes the form of a docudrama in which actors who are cast as FBI Special Agents speak to camera about the war on gangsters in the mid-1920s through the late-1930s. Using contacts with gun molls, agents track down criminals. The film dramatizes the crime careers, and final capture or deaths of John Dillinger, the Barker Gang (Ma Barker, Fred Barker, Arthur Barker, Alvin Karpis), Bonnie and Clyde, Homer Van Meter, Doc Barker and Pretty-Boy Floyd. The \"docudrama\" does not portray events, many situations, or the FBI Special Agents accurately. For instance, the name of the FBI Special Agent who was killed in the Kansas City Massacre on June 17, 1933 was Raymond J. Caffrey, and it was not his first day with the FBI. Names of all FBI Special Agents who have been killed in the line of duty may be found on the FBI Hall of Honor. Portrayal of events The film is a revisionist docudrama, portraying the war on gangsters in the mid-1920s through the late-1930s from a pro-FBI point of view. Most notable is the portrayal of the deaths of Bonnie and Clyde and John Dillinger. The scenes show each firing off the first shot, and having ample time to \"give themselves up\", when in fact they were gunned down in an ambush by the police and Federal agents. The movie is greatly admired by Martin Scorsese, who has said, \"It's an amazing film. It's to be studied, because it shows you how to make a film on a low budget\". Cast Jim Davis as Texas Ranger Captain Stewart/Narrator Lyle Talbot as Dr. William Guellfe, plastic surgeon Lash LaRue as 'Doc' Barker Richard Crane as Homer Van Meter Myron Healey as John Dillinger Ann Morriss as Mildred Jaunce, The Lady in Red Sam Edwards as Fred Barker Paul Dubov as Alvin Karpis Baynes Barron as Clyde Barrow Tamar Cooper as Bonnie Parker Regina Gleason as Hope Knobby Schaeffer as Adam Richetti Jeanne Carmen as Paula Aline Towne as Shirley, girl with Karpis Doug Wilson as 'Pretty Boy' Floyd Robert Kendall as Baby Face Nelson Jean Harvey as 'Ma' Barker Ralph Moody as Arthur 'Pa' Barker Coulter Irwin as FBI Agent Ross Baxter Jeanne Bates as Mrs. Ross Baxter Sydney Mason as Lieutenant Bill Baxter Bill Baldwin Sr", "title": "Guns Don't Argue" }, { "docid": "47331121", "text": "Teenage Bonnie and Klepto Clyde is a 1993 American romantic crime film co-written and directed by John Shepphird and starring Maureen Flannigan as Bonnie and Scott Wolf as Clyde. Premise A modern-day retelling of the story of 1930s bank robbers Bonnie and Clyde where two teenagers, Bonnie and Clyde, are drawn to a life of crime. The two young lovers begin with shoplifting and work their way up to wanted felons as they make a run for the Mexican border. Cast Maureen Flannigan as Bonnie Scott Wolf as Clyde Bentley Mitchum as Kirk Tom Bower as Peter Baker Don Novello as Sanchez Production The film was first pitched to financiers at the Marché du Film in May of 1992. Filming began in August of 1992, with locations including Salt Lake City, Utah. Release After originally being given an NC-17 rating by the MPAA, the filmmakers appealed and the rating was changed to an R. The film was given a limited theatrical release on August 27, 1993 and was released to video that December. Reception Entertainment Weekly gave the film a grade of C− and said, \"Young leads Wolf and Flannigan (as a police chief’s daughter gone bad) are surprisingly appealing, but whatever goodwill they earn is spent by the end, when this pointless movie ineptly rips off the original Bonnie and Clyde’s climactic massacre.\" References External links 1993 films 1993 black comedy films 1993 comedy films 1993 crime films 1993 directorial debut films 1993 romance films 1990s American films 1990s English-language films 1990s teen films 1990s road movies American black comedy films American crime films American road movies American romance films Cultural depictions of Bonnie and Clyde Films about couples Films scored by Terry Plumeri Films shot in Salt Lake City Romantic crime films Teen crime films", "title": "Teenage Bonnie and Klepto Clyde" }, { "docid": "5187017", "text": "The Red Crown Tavern and Red Crown Tourist Court in Platte County, Missouri was the site of the July 20, 1933 gun battle between lawmen and outlaws Bonnie and Clyde and three members of their gang. The outlaws made their escape, and were tracked down and cornered four days later near Dexter, Iowa and engaged by another posse. The shootout was depicted in Arthur Penn's 1967 film Bonnie and Clyde, though the sign on the motel in the movie reads \"Platte City, Iowa,\" not Missouri. Built in 1931 by Parkville, Missouri banker and developer Emmett Breen at the junction of US 71 and US 71 Bypass, now Missouri Route 291, the red brick and tile Tavern included a popular restaurant and ballroom. Back behind the Tavern was the Tourist Court— two small cabins connected by two garages. The site is just northeast of the main Kansas City International Airport exit off I-29. Today it is within the city limits of Kansas City. An Interstate entrance ramp runs almost squarely through the property. The gang seeks refuge Clyde Barrow was uncharacteristically looking for a place for the gang to hole up in for several nights. It was his usual practice to keep moving and never spend more than one night in any given spot, but the previous weeks had been difficult. On June 10, a one-car wreck at Wellington, Texas had left Bonnie Parker critically burned and near death. While the gang hid and tried to nurse Parker in a Ft. Smith, Arkansas tourist court, Buck Barrow and W.D. Jones were sent to raise funds. They bungled the robbery and killed the town marshal of Alma, Arkansas. The resultant police attention forced the gang to move on despite Parker's dire condition, and by mid-July, Barrow hoped they could put their feet up for several days in the same place. To bankroll their stay, on July 18 the outlaws staged a freewheeling—if rather minor-league—crime rampage through the quiet streets of Fort Dodge, Iowa, stopping at one gas station after another, ransacking the cash registers and robbing and kidnapping the attendants, shoving them onto the backseat. They broke open the vending and gumball machines and scooped out all the change, a move which had unexpected consequences for them several days later. After three such robberies in fifteen minutes they realized they had no more room for hostages, released everybody, and with another $150 headed for Kansas City. It was distant over 1933 roads, yet they were there in under four hours. Buck agreed in principle with the idea of a long rest, but disagreed with the choice of Kansas City because the bloody Kansas City Massacre of some weeks earlier meant that numerous federal, state, and local police officers were seeking gangsters in the area. The brothers fought bitterly about the plan before lapsing into a toxic silence that enveloped the car. Late that night they pulled in to refuel at Slim's Castle, a service station, café, and convenience store at the busy", "title": "Red Crown Tourist Court" }, { "docid": "20811328", "text": "\"97 Bonnie & Clyde\" is a song by the American rapper Eminem. The song appears on the Slim Shady EP (as \"Just the Two of Us\") and The Slim Shady LP. Eminem recorded a prequel for The Marshall Mathers LP, \"Kim\". The song was covered by Tori Amos on her 2001 album of gender-swapped covers, Strange Little Girls. In the song, Eminem (or his alter ego Slim Shady) talks to his daughter whilst taking her to the pier to throw his wife, Kim, in the sea. He speaks to his daughter Hailie in a baby like fashion (ex: c'mon Hai-Hai we going to the beach. Grab a couple of toys and let Dada strap you into the car seat.) But still has a dark undertone. Background The song has Eminem disposing of the corpse of his ex-wife, Kim Mathers, in the lake with his then-infant daughter Hailie. The sounds played at the beginning of the song, including the jingling of keys and the slamming of a car door, imply that Eminem put Kim's body in the trunk of his car. These are the same sounds played at the end of the song \"Kim\" by Eminem. In \"Kim\", the lines immediately before the sounds are heard. Eminem got the idea to write this song at a time when Kim was stopping him from seeing his daughter. Eminem asked Marilyn Manson to guest appear on the song, but the singer declined because he felt that the song was \"too misogynistic\". Because the song focuses on disposing of Kim's corpse, Eminem was not comfortable with explaining the situation to Kim, and instead told her that he would be taking Hailie to Chuck E. Cheese's, when he actually wanted to go to the studio with Hailie and feature her vocals in the song. He explained, \"When she found out I used our daughter to write a song about killing her, she fucking blew. We had just got back together for a couple of weeks. Then I played her the song and she bugged the fuck out.\" Eminem also said, \"When she (Hailie) gets old enough, I'm going to explain it to her. I'll let her know that Mommy and Daddy weren't getting along at the time. None of it was to be taken too literally, although at the time I wanted to fucking do it.\" The song is Eminem's only thus far to not include any profanity. Critical response AllMusic highlighted and praised the song: \"notorious track where he imagines killing his wife and then disposing of the body with his baby daughter in tow\" and critic noted that this song is connected with Eminem's life struggles. Steve \"Flash\" Juon called the remix bad and he continued, \"[It is] lifeless and oddly out of place among an album full of mostly dope cuts.\" Rob Sheffield wrote, \"[T]he wife-killing jokes of \"97 Bonnie and Clyde\" aren't any funnier than Garth Brooks'.\" Entertainment Weekly gave a positive opinion: \"In the album's funniest slice of black humor,", "title": "'97 Bonnie & Clyde" }, { "docid": "67608391", "text": "A Page (stylized in sentence case) is the debut single album released by Song Yuqi. The album was released digitally on May 13, 2021, by Cube Entertainment. The album consists of two lead singles, \"Giant\" and \"Bonnie and Clyde\". Background and release On May 6, 2021, Cube Entertainment unveiled the artwork teaser of Yuqi's first single album A Page through the official SNS channel of (G)I-dle. A highlight medley a track in the album was released on May 11. An accompanying animated music video for \"Giant\" was uploaded on (G)I-dle's official YouTube channel. The video illustrated a girl running hurriedly as if being chased by something to a forest, and the silhouette of a falling girl continued. At the end of the video, the girl holding the hand mirror that fell on the floor opened the closed door, and soon a bright light poured into the dark room. On May 19, 2021, Cube Entertainment released the music video teaser for \"Bonnie and Clyde\". In the teaser released, Yuqi in a black suit is seen looking at herself in the mirror. Scenes such as timers, chessboards, and boiling pots quickly intersect. Then, she makes a hand-shooting gesture toward herself in the mirror. At the end of the video, shots were fired from her hand-shooting gesture, shattering the mirror. A blonde haired woman is dimly seen at the end of the video. The following day, Cube Entertainment released the second music video teaser for \"Bonnie and Clyde\". In it, Yuqi is behind the wheel of a car. The music video for \"Bonnie and Clyde\" was released on May 21, 2021. The album was released on May 13, 2021. Music and lyrics The album contains two singles. The songs were written and composed by Song Yuqi, BoyToy, Young Sky, Peter Hyun and ChaTone. The album's first track, \"Giant,\" is a pop rock song that features drum sounds and lyrics about \"overcoming pain and moving forward confidently without giving up\". On the track, the singer narrates a story about a girl who \"does not give up in the midst of scars, worries, and fears and advances like a giant\". It was released with an animated music video that symbolizes the meaning. The second track, \"Bonnie & Clyde,\" is an English-language dance-rock song influenced by the 90s trance and house beats. Its lyrics revolve around \"distinct storytelling and bold lyrics\". The song lyrics was inspired by the 1967 American film of the same name. South China Morning Post ranked the song No. 12 among the \"The 20 best K-pop songs of 2021.\" Promotion Almost a year of the album release , Yuqi performed the band version of the two songs on one music program on MBC M's Show Champion on May 11, 2022. Track listing Release history References External links 2021 debut albums Single albums Cube Entertainment singles Republic Records singles Albums produced by Song Yuqi Pop rock albums by South Korean artists Dance-pop albums by South Korean artists", "title": "A Page" }, { "docid": "29752444", "text": "\"Can't We Be Friends?\" is a 1929 song with lyrics by Paul James and music by Kay Swift, introduced on Broadway in The Little Show by Libby Holman. It was later recorded by many artists including Bing Crosby, Ella Fitzgerald, and Frank Sinatra. Recordings Red Nichols & his Five Pennies (recorded 9/6/1929 and released on Brunswick 4510). Ray Ventura & his Collegians (recorded 10/19/1929) Smith Ballew (recorded 11/11/1929, and released on Okeh 41304). The Georgians (recorded 11/22/1929) Bing Crosby (recorded 9/27/1929, and released on Columbia 2001-D) Libby Holman (recorded September, 1929 and released on Brunswick 4506). Sam Wooding & his Chocolate Kiddies (recorded 12/1929) The Imperial Dance Orchestra (1929) Al Bowlly with Ray Noble & his Orchestra (recorded 1/16/1931 and released on Decca F2220) (Al Bowlly Discography) Frank Sinatra (In the Wee Small Hours album, 1955) (recorded February 8, 1955, with orchestra conducted by Nelson Riddle) Illinois Jacquet (Swing's the Thing album, 1956) Gene Ammons (The Happy Blues album, 1956) Ella Fitzgerald & Louis Armstrong (Ella and Louis album, 1956) Jane Powell (Can't We Be Friends album, 1956) Linda Ronstadt (Lush Life album, 1984) Jamie Cullum (Twentysomething album, 2003) Seth MacFarlane (Once in a While album, 2019) Vincent Lopez & his Orchestra Anita O'Day - included in her album Incomparable! (1960). Leo Reisman & his Orchestra Art Tatum Movie usage The Man I Love (1947) Played when Joey finds Gloria in the room and Petey sees San at the bar. Flamingo Road (1949) Played at the Eagle cafe when Lane gets hired Backfire (1950) Played when Steve, Bonnie and Lysa arrive at the party Young Man with a Horn (1950) featured Harry James dubbing \"Can't We Be Friends\" for Kirk Douglas's character Starlift (1951) Played twice at the cafeteria Bonnie & Clyde (1967) featured a scored version by Charles Strouse in the background of one scene Torch Song Trilogy (1998) featured Anita O'Day's version Get Him to the Greek (2010) featured a version by the Pete Jolly Trio References See also List of 1920s jazz standards Songs about friendship 1929 songs 1920s jazz standards Bing Crosby songs Ella Fitzgerald songs Frank Sinatra songs Linda Ronstadt songs Louis Armstrong songs Songs with music by Kay Swift Al Bowlly songs Songs with lyrics by James Warburg", "title": "Can't We Be Friends?" }, { "docid": "63044331", "text": "The Story of Pretty Boy Floyd is a 1974 American TV movie. It was written and directed by Clyde Ware. Cast Martin Sheen as Charles Arthur 'Pretty Boy' Floyd Kim Darby as Ruby Hardgrave Michael Parks as Bradley Floyd Steven Keats as Eddie Richetti Ellen Corby as Ma Floyd Abe Vigoda as Dominic Morrell Joe Estevez as E.W. Floyd Ford Rainey as Mr. Suggs Reception The Los Angeles Times said the film was the best of all the Great Depression-era gangster films that followed the success of Bonnie and Clyde (1967). The Washington Post called it \"a slick piece of work, smoothly constructed, ably photographed, convincingly acted.\" References External links The Story of Pretty Boy Floyd at Letterbox DVD 1974 television films 1974 films American television films American crime drama films Films directed by Clyde Ware 1970s American films", "title": "The Story of Pretty Boy Floyd" }, { "docid": "38923998", "text": "The Other Side of Bonnie and Clyde is a 1968 docudrama film directed and produced by Larry Buchanan. References External links The Other Side of Bonnie and Clyde at TCMDB 1968 films Cultural depictions of Bonnie and Clyde 1968 crime drama films Films directed by Larry Buchanan 1960s English-language films", "title": "The Other Side of Bonnie and Clyde" }, { "docid": "3035318", "text": "\"03 Bonnie & Clyde\" is a song recorded by American rapper Jay-Z, released on October 10, 2002 as the lead single from his seventh studio album The Blueprint 2: The Gift & The Curse (2002). Composed by Jay-Z, Kanye West, Prince, Tupac Shakur, Darryl Harper, Ricky Rouse and Tyrone Wrice, and featuring Jay-Z's then-girlfriend, now wife, American singer Beyoncé Knowles, \"03 Bonnie & Clyde\" sampled its beat from Shakur's 1996 song \"Me and My Girlfriend\", paraphrasing its chorus, and was inspired by the crime film Bonnie and Clyde. The instrumentation is based on programmed drums, bass instruments, and a flamenco guitar. \"03 Bonnie & Clyde\" was generally received with favorable reviews by music critics, who complimented the combination of Jay-Z's and Knowles' musical styles, their collaboration and the song's production. The single reached number four on the Billboard Hot 100, becoming Jay-Z's second top ten single and Knowles' first as a solo artist. It charted at number one in Switzerland, number two in the United Kingdom and peaked in the top twenty in other European territories. \"03 Bonnie & Clyde\" was certified gold by the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA) and platinum by the Australian Recording Industry Association (ARIA). The accompanying music video, directed by Chris Robinson, features Jay-Z and Knowles playing a modern-day version of the 1930s bank robbers Clyde Barrow and Bonnie Parker, and was nominated for Best Hip-Hop Video at the 2003 MTV Video Music Awards. \"03 Bonnie & Clyde\" spawned a feud with American recording artist Toni Braxton, who had also sampled \"Me and My Girlfriend\" in her 2002 song \"Me & My Boyfriend\"; she accused West and Jay-Z of stealing the idea of using the song as a sample, which both men later denied. \"03 Bonnie & Clyde\" was performed by Jay-Z and Knowles on several television shows and was later included on the set list of their concert performances and tours, most notably on their co-headlining On the Run and On the Run II tours. Production and release \"03 Bonnie & Clyde\" marked the first collaboration between rapper Jay-Z and R&B singer Beyoncé Knowles. While listening to Shakur's The Don Killuminati: The 7 Day Theory, producer Kanye West suggested that American rapper Tupac Shakur's song \"Me and My Girlfriend\" would make a good sample to use on Jay-Z's duet with Knowles. West told MTV News that Jay-Z had asked him on the telephone for a duet for him and Knowles: \"We got this joint, it has to be the best beat you ever made.\" He continued: So I went home and called my dog, E Base, who plays a lot of instruments up at Baseline [studio] for me and [producer] Just Blaze. [E] came through. I programmed the drums in 10 minutes, and then he played all the different parts. This version is all live bass, live guitars, [live] chords on it. I brought it to Hov that night, he heard it, he thought of the video treatment before he thought of the", "title": "'03 Bonnie & Clyde" }, { "docid": "20732901", "text": "\"Bonnie & Clyde\" is a song by Die Toten Hosen. It's the third single and the ninth track from the album Opium fürs Volk. \"Bonnie & Clyde\" is a romantic song about a man and a woman, who want to play Bonnie and Clyde - criminals that are in love with each other. At the start of the song, the two have never met before, but the man knows she's the one he's been missing. An English version was recorded for Crash-Landing. Die Ärzte covered the song as a part of a medley in a concert of 1998, which is available on the single of \"Die Schönen und das Biest: Elke (live)\". Music video The music video was directed by Ralf Schmerberg. Bonnie & Clyde wannabees met at a bar and click instantaneously. They steal a car, rob a \"cash-in-transit\" and then go to a hotel and make love until the morning after. The police break in to arrest them. They are jailed, but escape later with the help of their bandmates (the man is played by Campino). The woman gets shot and the gang tries to escape in a car (with \"ON TOUR\" written on it), but the driver (played by Andi) also gets shot and they crash the car, which results in a fatal explosion. Track listing \"Bonnie & Clyde\" (Breitkopf/Frege) − 3:30 \"Kleiner Junge\" (Little boy) (von Holst/Frege) − 3:58 \"Herzglück harte Welle\" (roughly Heartluck strong wave) (Rohde/Frege) – 1:57 \"Do You Love Me\" (Stanley, Ezrin, Fowley) − 3:11 (Kiss cover) Charts 1996 singles Songs about Bonnie and Clyde Die Toten Hosen songs Songs written by Campino (singer) Songs written by Michael Breitkopf 1996 songs", "title": "Bonnie & Clyde (Die Toten Hosen song)" }, { "docid": "22261213", "text": "\"Modern Day Bonnie and Clyde\" is a song written by Walt Aldridge and James LeBlanc, and recorded by American country music artist Travis Tritt. It was released in January 2002 as the fourth and final single from his album Down the Road I Go. It peaked at number 8, and is his last top ten hit to date. Content The song describes a man who meets a woman at a truck stop in Johnson City, Tennessee. After leaving town, the woman robs a convenience store, and tells the man to drive away. Then later that night, after heading north on Interstate 95, the man and the woman are both arrested counting the money in a motel room in Richmond, Virginia. Critical reception Chuck Taylor, of Billboard magazine reviewed the song favorably saying that the song has a \"swampy, hypnotic appeal that commands attention.\" He goes on to say that \"the retro intro in this engaging musical outing serves notice that there is something cool and quite different in the air.\" Music video The music video was directed by Michael Merriman, was filmed in California, instead of Tennessee and Virginia, like in the song's lyric, and features actor Billy Bob Thornton, who plays the man. The woman comes up to him at a truck stop and asks for a ride. The woman then robs a convenience store, and asks the man to drive away as the clerk is chasing her down. The man tells her that robbing the store was a big deal, while the woman thought that it was no big deal. He wonders what she was doing with a gun, and he also wonders how much money is in one of her bags. Later that night, at a motel, they're counting all the money, and enjoying themselves, at least until the police arrives, and the man and the woman are both arrested. The woman tries to fool one of the cops into letting her go, but the cop doesn't buy it. Travis Tritt plays the tow truck driver, who tows the man's car away with the man looking at it being towed away, and looking ashamed. In between these scenes, Tritt and 2 band members are also seen performing the song in an office setting. Chart positions \"Modern Day Bonnie and Clyde\" debuted at number fifty-six on the U.S. Billboard Hot Country Singles & Tracks for the week of January 12, 2002. Year-end charts References Allmusic CMT Music Video at CMT.com 2000 songs Travis Tritt songs 2002 singles Songs written by Walt Aldridge Song recordings produced by Billy Joe Walker Jr. Columbia Records singles Songs about Bonnie and Clyde", "title": "Modern Day Bonnie and Clyde" }, { "docid": "7143122", "text": "Ted Cass Hinton (October 5, 1904 – October 27, 1977) was a Dallas County, Texas, deputy sheriff, the youngest of the posse that ambushed and killed Bonnie and Clyde near Gibsland, Louisiana, on May 23, 1934. History Hinton, then aged 29, was assigned to accompany Deputy Sheriff Bob Alcorn on the premise that Hinton knew Clyde Barrow and could identify him. Hinton and Alcorn were assigned by Dallas County Sheriff Richard A. \"Smoot\" Schmid to assist Frank Hamer and his assistant Maney Gault in a shoot-to-kill order against Bonnie and Clyde that originated with the Texas prison system chief Lee Simmons. Hinton became a Sheriff's Deputy in 1932 following the election of Schmid. An avid baseball player, Hinton passed up a chance to join the Cleveland Indians because he did not want to spend time away from his wife and young son. Born in Tulsa, Oklahoma, and reared in Dallas, he knew the Barrow family in his youth. Ted Hinton was also once acquainted with young Bonnie Parker while she was working in Marco's Cafe in Dallas. Because of her good looks, many of the male customers would flirt with her. Hinton was always gentlemanly and treated Bonnie with respect. Hinton admitted in a later biography that he had a crush on Bonnie, which made it difficult for him as one of the men on the team sent to kill her and her lover, Clyde. Controversy Hinton wrote a book called Ambush in 1977, which was published in 1979, two years after his death, in which he maintained that Ivy T. Methvin was forced to lure Bonnie and Clyde into the ambush site by Frank Hamer. The original story was that Methvin had agreed to plot the ambush if his son Henry Methvin received a pardon. Hinton claimed that a deal was reached by the members of the Posse whereby the last surviving member would tell this version of events after all others had died. This member happened to be Hinton. His version of events is disputed. Aftermath Hinton remained a deputy sheriff until 1941. An accomplished pilot, he gave flying instructions to new recruits in the Army Air Corps just prior to World War II. Hinton subsequently owned a motel, trucking company and restaurant. He died in 1977 and is interred with his wife at Sparkman-Hillcrest Memorial Park Cemetery in Dallas. The couple had at least one child, former Dallas County Deputy Linton Jay \"Boots\" Hinton (January 1, 1934 – December 5, 2016), who had since 2004 operated the Bonnie and Clyde Ambush Museum in Gibsland, Louisiana, and also served as a Specialist 3 for the United States Army during the Korean War. Books by Ted Hinton Hinton, T. with Grove, L., Ambush (The Real Story of Bonnie and Clyde), Shoal Creek Publishers, 1979. References 1904 births 1977 deaths American deputy sheriffs People from Tulsa, Oklahoma People from Dallas Bonnie and Clyde Burials at Sparkman-Hillcrest Memorial Park Cemetery American restaurateurs", "title": "Ted Hinton" }, { "docid": "35800224", "text": "Bonnie & Clyde: The True Story is a 1992 television film written and directed by Gary Hoffman. It stars Dana Ashbrook and Tracey Needham as Bonnie and Clyde. The 93-minute TV film was shot on location at historic crime scenes associated with the couple in East Texas. Premise Bonnie Parker is estranged from her husband while still only just barely eighteen. Clyde Barrow, a handsome charmer who is in love with Bonnie, is a small-time thief, 'borrowing' cars to teach Bonnie to drive. He falls in with W.D. Jones, and their crime levels quickly rise. Soon Bonnie is dragged in with them, due to her love for Clyde, and within a short space of time, everyone is baying for the blood of Bonnie and Clyde. Cast Tracey Needham as Bonnie Parker Dana Ashbrook as Clyde Barrow Doug Savant as Deputy Sheriff Ted Hinton Billy Morrissette as W.D. Jones Michael Bowen as Buck Barrow Libby Villari as Mrs. Pritchard Reception Tony Scott of Variety said that this version \"concentrates on the pair's supposed innocence and sensitivity; program is surprisingly effective.\" When they begin traveling together, Bonnie is a teenager and Clyde is 20 years old. Scott says the chief fault of this version is \"in turning the sleazy Bonnie and Clyde into a pair of sympathetic characters.\" References External links 1992 television films 1992 films 1992 drama films 1990s American films 1990s biographical drama films 1990s English-language films American biographical drama films American drama television films Films about Bonnie and Clyde Biographical television films Fox Broadcasting Company original films", "title": "Bonnie & Clyde: The True Story" }, { "docid": "917323", "text": "Bonnie is a Scottish given name and is sometimes used as a descriptive reference, as in the Scottish folk song, My Bonnie Lies over the Ocean. It comes from the Scots language word \"bonnie\" (pretty, attractive), or the French bonne (good). That is in turn derived from the Latin word \"bonus\" (good). The name can also be used as a pet form of Bonita. Usage The name has been in use, primarily in the Anglosphere, since the 1800s. It has been ranked among the 50 most popular names for newborn girls in the United Kingdom since 2020 and had been rising in popularity for British girls since the 1990s. It was among the 1,000 most used names for newborn girls in the United States between 1880 and 2003, reaching the height of popularity between 1928 and 1966, when it was ranked among the 100 most popular names for newborn American girls. It was also ranked among the 1,000 most popular names for newborn American boys between 1884 and 1953. The name then declined in popularity but has again risen in usage for girls in the United States in recent years and has been ranked among the 1,000 most popular names for newborn girls there since 2014. It has also been among the top 100 names for girls in Australia since 2014, in New Zealand since 2021, and in Sweden since 2019. In Canada, the name was among the 100 most popular names for girls between 1940 and 1973, but has since declined in usage. Spelling variants in use include Bonney, Bonni and Bonny. Elaborations of the name such as Bonnibel are also used. Other related names, also containing the word element bon, meaning good or attractive in various languages, include the Italian Bona and the Spanish Bonita. Some related given names or surnames include Bonaccorso, Bonaparte, Bonaventura, Boniface, Bonilla, and Bueno. The increase in usage of the name coincides with its use for characters in movie and television productions. It was the nickname used for Bonnie Blue Butler, the young daughter of Rhett Butler and Scarlett O’Hara in Margaret Mitchell’s 1935 novel Gone with the Wind and its 1939 film adaptation, because the child's eyes were said to be “as blue as the bonnie blue flag.” The name gained some notoriety via bank robbers Bonnie Parker and Clyde Barrow and the 1967 film Bonnie and Clyde made about the couple. The name was later used for Bonnie Bennett, a character in the television series The Vampire Diaries, which aired from 2009 to 2017, and for Bonnie Anderson, the toddler who inherits Andy's toys, in the 2010 film Toy Story 3 and the 2019 sequel Toy Story 4. People named Bonnie Women Bonnie August (1947–2003), American fashion designer Bonnie Bartlett (born 1929), American actress Bipasha Basu (born 1979), Indian actress, sometimes informally referred to as Bonnie Bonnie Bedelia (born 1948), American actress Bonnie Bernstein (born 1970), American sportscaster Bonnie Bianco (born 1963), American singer and actress Bonnie Bramlett (born 1944), American", "title": "Bonnie" }, { "docid": "39815494", "text": "Bonnie & Clyde is a revisionist 2013 miniseries about Great Depression-era outlaws Bonnie Parker and Clyde Barrow starring Emile Hirsch as Clyde Barrow and Holliday Grainger as Bonnie Parker. The two-part series aired on consecutive nights, December 8 and 9, 2013, simultaneously on A&E, History, and Lifetime (all owned by A&E Networks). The first previews were released on September 23, 2013. The series was widely criticized for its historical inaccuracies, particularly as it was aired on History. Plot The two-part television series is based on the true story of Clyde Barrow and Bonnie Parker. Barrow, a charismatic convicted armed robber, sweeps Parker – a young and impressionable, petite, small-town waitress, who is already married – off her feet. In the early 1930s, the two embark on one of the most infamous crime sprees in American history. Part 1: Tells the story of Clyde Barrow's childhood growing up in rural Texas with his older brother Buck as they steal chickens, and later they do a stint in prison for stealing bigger and better things. After Buck ends up incarcerated again, Clyde meets the love of his life Bonnie Parker, who dreams of becoming a movie star in Hollywood. Soon the couple goes on a crime spree, robbing banks together after Clyde's partner is caught. They are able to stay one step ahead of the \"laws\" while they rob bigger banks in the state. Part 2: Clyde asks his newlywed brother Buck to help them. Not wanting to be alone at home, his wife Blanche becomes the fourth member of the Barrow Gang. However, Bonnie pushes Clyde to commit more dangerous crimes and rob banks across the state line to generate headlines in the newspapers, and their life of crime soon leads to their deaths. Cast Emile Hirsch as Clyde Barrow, bank robber and getaway driver Holliday Grainger as Bonnie Parker, married waitress turned bank robber Lane Garrison as Marvin \"Buck\" Barrow, Clyde's older brother Sarah Hyland as Blanche Barrow, Buck's young wife who is a member of the Barrow Gang Holly Hunter as Emma Parker, Bonnie's mother William Hurt as Frank Hamer, retired Texas Ranger called out of retirement to track down and capture Bonnie and Clyde Austin Hebert as Ted Hinton, Dallas County, Texas, Deputy Sheriff and posse member of Bonnie and Clyde's capture Elizabeth Reaser as P.J. Lane, The Herald newspaper reporter who wrote about Bonnie and Clyde's crime spree Desmond Phillips as Ray Hamilton, bank robber and first member of Bonnie and Clyde's gang Aaron Jay Rome as Ralph Fults, outlaw and escape artist of the Barrow Gang Garrett Kruithof as Henry Methvin, bank robber and last member of the Barrow Gang Jonathan Vane as Captain Harley Grace Reception Ratings Part 1 of Bonnie & Clyde delivered 9.8 million total viewers simulcast on three networks. This is cable's best miniseries opening in ratings since 2006's Broken Trail, outside of History's Hatfields & McCoys and The Bible. A&E Networks closed out its two-part miniseries with 7.4 million viewers. Awards", "title": "Bonnie & Clyde (miniseries)" }, { "docid": "53071599", "text": "Tyson Sullivan (born 1986) is an American film and television actor. He was born in Plano, Texas to Tommie and David Sullivan. He entered the business of acting and film at a very young age, getting his first paid acting job when he was just a child by starring in a Dr. Pepper commercial. After graduating from Plano West High School in 2004, he moved to Los Angeles where he attended Biola University and started pursuing an acting career. He then started to study acting at Playhouse West, Warner Loughlin Studios, and with Carole D’Andrea. He gained popularity for his portrayal of Hondo, a white-supremacist villain on the Cinemax series Banshee. Since 2015, his acting career gained more relevance and attention, and as of 2016 he's starred in shows such as \"Without a Trace\", \"Bonnie & Clyde\", \"Heist\", and other popular shows and movies. He lives in Arizona with his wife. He is a gamer and car aficionado. Career After graduating, Sullivan guest starred in several television shows including \"Without a Trace\", \"Bonnie & Clyde\", and his first Television appearance came in a minor role on the show \"Days of Our Lives\". All before landing a recurring role on the HBO show \"Banshee\" (2014–2015) as Hondo, the white supremacist whose propensity for violence and hateful tattoos were a staple for several seasons. He appeared regularly throughout season 2 and left the show in early season 3. He then filmed several films including; Demonic (2015), co-starring Frank Grillo of \"Warrior\", \"Double Daddy\" (2015), opposite Brittany Curran, and \" Heist\" (2015), opposite Robert De Niro and Kate Bosworth. Sullivan is also known for playing Scott Milam, a small but crucial role, on FX's series Justified. In 2016 he joined the cast of Quarry alongside Logan Marshall Green, Peter Mullan, and Matt Nable. He played Hall Prewitt a marine in Mac's unit whose kind demeanor and sense of humor are at odds with his surroundings. At the end of 2016 it was announced that Sullivan would be joining the cast of DOA Blood River playing the lead antagonist in the film opposite Days of Our Lives star Billy Flynn. Personal Tyson Sullivan was born in Plano, Texas, to Tommie and David Sullivan. He graduated from Plano West High School in 2004 and moved out to Los Angeles where he attended Biola University. He currently resides with his wife in Paradise Valley, Arizona. He's a self-proclaimed \"gamer.\" He's also an avid car enthusiast, collecting and driving premiere modern and collectable vehicles. Filmography References External links Male actors from Texas American male television actors American male film actors 20th-century American male actors 21st-century American male actors People from Plano, Texas Living people 1986 births", "title": "Tyson Sullivan" }, { "docid": "9647695", "text": "Arizona is a 1931 American pre-Code drama film directed by George B. Seitz and starring Laura La Plante, John Wayne and June Clyde. It is one of several films based on Augustus Thomas's 1899 play of the same name. Filmed as \"Arizona\", the movie's makers applied to the New York State Censor Board for a new title, \"Men Are Like That\", and the film was released and reviewed under that title in New York and elsewhere. (It was copyrighted under the title Arizona however, and was years later reissued under that name.) The film was released in the U.K. as The Virtuous Wife. Plot While at West Point, Lt. Bob Denton rebuffs Evelyn Palmer, who shows up later in Arizona as the wife of his commanding officer. After graduation from West Point, and his assignment to a duty station in Arizona, Denton gets involved in a romantic relationship with Evelyn's younger sister, Bonnie. To keep him from marrying her sister, Evelyn falsely accuses Denton of sexually harassing her, which leads to his being expelled from the Army. She later learns that he and her sister had already been secretly married, however, which leads her to admit her lie about him to her husband, Colonel Bonham, who then reinstates the framed Denton. Cast Laura La Plante as Evelyn Palmer Bonham John Wayne as Lt. Bob Denton June Clyde as Bonita \"Bonnie\" Palmer Forrest Stanley as Colonel Frank Bonham Nina Quartero as Conchita Susan Fleming as Dot Adrian Morris as Officer See also John Wayne filmography Arizona (1913) Arizona (1918) References External links 1931 films American drama films 1931 drama films Columbia Pictures films Films directed by George B. Seitz Films set in Arizona American films based on plays American black-and-white films 1930s English-language films 1930s American films English-language drama films Films scored by Mischa Bakaleinikoff", "title": "Arizona (1931 film)" }, { "docid": "35735708", "text": "Tonya Suzanne Holly (born July 2, 1962, Red Bay, Alabama) is an American film producer and casting director who studied theater at University of North Alabama. Holly worked on such movies as Toy Soldiers (1991) and she did the casting for Blue Sky. She has worked with CBS, HBO, NBC, FOX, Morgan Creek, Universal, Buena Vista, and other productions. She founded the Alabama Filmmakers Association in 1991 to help promote film in the state of Alabama. Cypress Moon Studios Holly is the owner and president of Cypress Moon Studios located in the earlier buildings of Muscle Shoals Sound Studio in Sheffield, Alabama. The latest work directed by Holly was Sleeping Giants: The Union of the Seven. She helmed shooting of the 2012 Bonnie and Clyde film, The Story of Bonnie and Clyde, starring Sean Faris as Clyde Barrow and Lindsay Pulsipher as Bonnie Parker. Casting of the movie was delayed and production was dealt a major setback in April 2011 as tornadoes damaged or destroyed film locations in Mississippi and Alabama. Flooding prevented filming at the state prison in Angola. The film is listed at IMDb as \"in development\". Movies directed by Tonya Holly When I Find the Ocean (2006) The Mirror (2003) The Story of Bonnie and Clyde (in development) ''Sleeping Giants: The Union of the Seven (in production) References American casting directors American women casting directors Living people 1962 births People from Red Bay, Alabama Film directors from Alabama", "title": "Tonya Suzanne Holly" }, { "docid": "4369989", "text": "This is a list of songs written partly or entirely based on a film. Films \"2HB\" by Roxy Music, a tribute to Humphrey Bogart and his character in Casablanca \"9 to 5\" by Dolly Parton about Nine to Five \"Alfie\" from the film of the same name, written by Burt Bacharach and Hal David \"Alice\" by Avril Lavigne about Alice in Wonderland \"The American Nightmare\" by Ice Nine Kills about A Nightmare on Elm Street \"American Werewolves In London\" by Wednesday 13 about An American Werewolf In London \"Agter Elke Man\" by Steve Hofmeyr about Agter Elke Man (TV series and film) \"Attack of the Fifty-Foot Woman\" by The Tubes, inspired by Attack of the 50 Foot Woman \"Back in Time\" by Pitbull about Men In Black 3 \"Bad Education\" by Tilly and the Wall about Bad Education \"Bat Country\" by Avenged Sevenfold about Fear and Loathing in Las Vegas \"The Blob\" from the film of the same name, written by Burt Bacharach and Mack David, recorded by The Five Blobs \"Bonnie En Clyde\" by Jay and Lianie May about Bonnie and Clyde \"The Best of Both Worlds\" performed by Hannah Montana about Hannah Montana: The Movie \"Bridge to Terabithia\" by Steve Roslonek about Bridge to Terabithia \"Bring It (Snakes on a Plane)\" by Cobra Starship about Snakes on a Plane \"Call of Home\" by Gavin Dunne about The Hobbit: The Desolation of Smaug \"Calvero\" by The Pillows about Limelight \"Carlotta Valdez\" by Harvey Danger about Vertigo \"Cat People (Putting Out Fire)\" by David Bowie about Cat People \"Camp Rock\" by Demi Lovato & Joe Jonas and the rest of the Cast of Camp Rock \"Chain Saw\" by The Ramones about The Texas Chain Saw Massacre \"A Change of Seasons\" by Dream Theater about Dead Poets Society \"Children of the Damned\" by Iron Maiden about Village of the Damned \"Cinderella Man\" by Rush based on Mr. Deeds Goes to Town \"Circle of Life\" by Carmen Twillie and Lebo M (film version); and by Elton John (commercial version) about The Lion King \"The Clansman\" by Iron Maiden based on Braveheart \"The Crimson Ghost\" by the Misfits about The Crimson Ghost \"Dawn of the Dead\" by Michale Graves about Dawn of the Dead \"Day of the Dead\" by the Misfits about Day of the Dead \"Dead by Dawn\" by Deicide based on The Evil Dead \"Death of an Interior Decorator\" by Death Cab for Cutie about Interiors \"Debaser\" by Pixies about Un Chien Andalou \"Didn't I See This Movie?\" from the musical Next to Normal about One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest \"Die Hard\" by Guyz Nite about the Die Hard films \"DNA\" by Gavin Dunne about Prometheus \"Don't Cry for Me Argentina\" by Madonna about Evita \"Dream Warriors\" by Dokken about A Nightmare on Elm Street 3: Dream Warriors \"The Edge of Darkness\" by Iron Maiden about Apocalypse Now \"Early Sunsets Over Monroeville\" by My Chemical Romance about Dawn of the Dead \"Enjoy Your Slay\" by Ice Nine Kills about The", "title": "List of songs based on a film" }, { "docid": "29805578", "text": "Holliday Clark Grainger (born 27 March 1988), also credited as Holly Grainger, is an English screen and stage actress. Some of her prominent roles are Kate Beckett in the BAFTA award-winning children's series Roger and the Rottentrolls, Lucrezia Borgia in the Showtime series The Borgias, Robin Ellacott in the Strike series, DI Rachel Carey in the Peacock/BBC One crime drama The Capture and Estella in Mike Newell's adaptation of Great Expectations. Early life Grainger was born in Didsbury, Manchester. Her maternal grandfather was Italian. Her first experience of acting was at the age of five when she was scouted for a BBC TV series. She appeared in many TV shows and independent films as a child actor. Grainger attended Parrs Wood High School from 1999 to 2006, and in 2007 began study for a degree in English literature at the University of Leeds. However, she eventually opted for the Open University. Career Grainger's first acting role was at five years old in the BBC comedy drama series All Quiet on the Preston Front. Roles followed in Casualty, Doctors and Dalziel and Pascoe. Grainger played Megan Boothe in Where the Heart Is, Stacey Appleyard in Waterloo Road and Sophia in Merlin. In 2011, she appeared in the television series The Borgias, playing Lucrezia Borgia opposite Jeremy Irons as Pope Alexander VI. The series, created by Neil Jordan and shot in Hungary, ran for three seasons. After her role as Emily in the film The Scouting Book for Boys (2009), she played one of the Rivers sisters opposite Mia Wasikowska and Michael Fassbender in Cary Fukunaga's 2011 retelling of Jane Eyre, and had a minor role in Bel Ami alongside Robert Pattinson and Uma Thurman. In June 2011, she was cast in the leading role of Estella in Mike Newell's film adaptation of Great Expectations, opposite Jeremy Irvine and Helena Bonham Carter. The movie, screened at Toronto International Film Festival 2012, had its European premiere as the closing night film of the BFI London Film Festival. She had a minor role in the 2012 film Anna Karenina as Baroness Shilton. On stage, in 2013 she appeared in Disassociation, a play by Luke Bailey, at The Lowry in Salford. In the same year, she played Bonnie Parker in the 2013 TV mini-series Bonnie & Clyde. She was one of the female leads in the 2014 film The Riot Club, adapted from the play Posh, alongside Max Irons. In the same year, she appeared on stage in Anton Chekov's play Three Sisters at the Southwark Playhouse. Grainger played Cinderella's stepsister Anastasia Tremaine in Kenneth Branagh's 2015 film version of Cinderella. In 2016, Grainger starred in Disney's The Finest Hours. On 20 June 2016, World Refugee Day, Grainger, as well as Jack O'Connell, featured in a film from the United Nations' refugee agency UNHCR to help raise awareness of the global refugee crisis. The film, titled Home, has a family take a reverse migration into the middle of a war zone. It is inspired by", "title": "Holliday Grainger" }, { "docid": "27877439", "text": "A Day in the Life of Bonnie and Clyde is a 1968 studio album by Mel Tormé. It was released during a wave of renewed interest in the crime duo Bonnie and Clyde following the release of the 1967 film Bonnie and Clyde. With the exception of the title track, an original song by Tormé, the album mostly consists of covers of popular songs from the late 1920s and early 1930s, around the period when the real-life Bonnie and Clyde were committing their bank robberies. (Another exception is \"I Concentrate on You\", a Cole Porter song from 1940.) Track listing Personnel Mel Tormé – vocals John Audino – trumpet Buddy Childers Frank Rosolino – trombone Georgie Auld – saxophone Bill Green Dave Pell Mike Deasy – guitar Herb Ellis Barney Kessel Ray Pohlman – double bass Eugene Dinovi – Hammond organ, piano John Cyr – drums Lincoln Mayorga – arranger References 1968 albums Mel Tormé albums Liberty Records albums Albums arranged by Lincoln Mayorga Depictions of Bonnie and Clyde in music", "title": "A Day in the Life of Bonnie and Clyde" }, { "docid": "4286871", "text": "William Daniel (\"W.D.\", \"Bud\", \"Deacon\") Jones (May 12, 1916 – August 20, 1974) was a member of the Barrow Gang, whose crime spree throughout the southern Midwest in the early years of the Great Depression became part of American criminal folklore. Jones ran with Clyde Barrow and Bonnie Parker for eight and a half months, from Christmas Eve 1932 to early September 1933. He and another gang member named Henry Methvin were consolidated into the \"C.W. Moss\" character in the film Bonnie and Clyde (1967). Of the character C.W. Moss in the movie, Jones said: \"Moss was a dumb kid who run errands and done what Clyde told him. That was me, all right.\" Early life James Zeberdie Jones (1883–1923) and Tookie (née Garrison) Jones (1884–1971) were sharecroppers in Henderson County, Texas with six children: five sons and a daughter. William was their second youngest child. After postwar cotton prices collapsed they gave up trying to farm, and circa 1921–22 the Joneses settled in the industrial slum of West Dallas, in the same wave that brought the Barrow family and hundreds of other poor families from the country to the unwelcoming city. It was a maze of tent cities and shacks without running water, gas or electricity, set on dirt streets amid smokestacks, oil refineries, \"plants, quarries, lagoons, tank farms and burrow pits\" on the Trinity River floodplain. It was while his family was living in the squatters' camp under the Oak Cliff Viaduct that William, then about five, first met Clyde Barrow, then age 11 or 12. When William was six years old his entire family was stricken by what was probably Spanish flu, which lingered after the 1918 pandemic in pockets of the United States where unhealthy conditions prevailed. His father and sister died in the same hour, his oldest brother two nights later, all of pneumonia, which was frequently the coup de grâce delivered by that strain of flu. Tookie Jones and four of her sons survived. Jones grew up illiterate. Before or after the illness that devastated his family, he got partly through the first grade. He recalled that he left school to sell newspapers. He had been friends with LC Barrow, the youngest son of his mother's friend Cumie, since their families' first days in West Dallas. The Joneses and the Barrows were close: when Marvin “Buck” Barrow was to stand trial in San Antonio for car theft, Tookie and her two youngest boys accompanied the Barrows and their two youngest children as they traveled by horse and wagon, 300 miles south, to attend. Both boys had big brothers named Clyde. William's brother Clyde drove his wife and Marvin Barrow's girlfriend Blanche across the country to Tennessee in the summer of 1930 to see Marvin while he was on the lam. The Barrows, too, had been hit by disease in the West Dallas camp: Clyde, his father and his younger sister Marie were hospitalized by something so severe that years later Clyde was rejected by", "title": "W. D. Jones" } ]

[ "Warren Beatty", "Faye Dunaway" ]

[ { "docid": "20770", "text": "United States of America v. Microsoft Corporation, 253 F.3d 34 (D.C. Cir. 2001), was a landmark American antitrust law case at the United States Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit. The U.S. government accused Microsoft of illegally monopolizing the web browser market for Windows, primarily through the legal and technical restrictions it put on the abilities of PC manufacturers (OEMs) and users to uninstall Internet Explorer and use other programs such as Netscape and Java. At the initial trial, the United States District Court for the District of Columbia ruled that Microsoft's actions constituted unlawful monopolization under Section 2 of the Sherman Antitrust Act of 1890, but the U.S. Court of Appeals for the D.C. Circuit partially overturned that judgment. The two parties later reached a settlement in which Microsoft agreed to modify some of its business practices. History By 1984 Microsoft was one of the most successful software companies, with $55 million in 1983 sales. InfoWorld wrote: The Federal Trade Commission began an inquiry in 1990 over whether Microsoft was abusing its monopoly in the PC operating system market. The commissioners deadlocked with a 2–2 vote in 1993 and closed the investigation, but the Department of Justice (DOJ), led by Janet Reno, opened its own investigation later that year, resulting in a settlement on July 15, 1994, in which Microsoft consented not to tie other Microsoft products to the sale of Windows but remained free to integrate additional features into the operating system. In the years that followed, Microsoft insisted that Internet Explorer (IE) was not a product but a feature that it was allowed to add to Windows, although the DOJ did not agree with this definition. The government alleged that Microsoft had abused monopoly power on Intel-based personal computers in its handling of operating system and web browser integration. The central issue was whether Microsoft was allowed to bundle its IE web browser software with its Windows operating system. Bundling the two products was allegedly a key factor in Microsoft's victory in the browser wars of the late 1990s, as every Windows user had a copy of IE. It was further alleged that this restricted the market for competing web browsers (such as Netscape Navigator or Opera), since it typically took extra time to buy and install the competing browsers. Underlying these disputes were questions of whether Microsoft had manipulated its application programming interfaces to favor IE over third-party browsers. The government also questioned Microsoft's conduct in enforcing restrictive licensing agreements with original equipment manufacturers who were required to include that arrangement. Microsoft argued that the merging of Windows and IE was the result of innovation and competition, that the two were now the same product and inextricably linked, and that consumers were receiving the benefits of IE for free. Opponents countered that IE was still a separate product that did not need to be tied to Windows, since a separate version of IE was available for Mac OS. They also asserted that IE", "title": "United States v. Microsoft Corp." } ]

[ { "docid": "6762676", "text": "Uniloc Corporation is a company founded in Australia in 1992. History The Uniloc technology is based on a patent granted to the inventor Ric Richardson who was also the founder of the Uniloc Company. The original patent application was dated late 1992 in Australia and granted in the US in 1996 and covers a technology popularly known as product activation, try and buy software and machine locking. In 1993 Uniloc distributed \"Try and Buy\" versions of software for multiple publishers via a marketing agreement with IBM. An initial success was the sale of thousands of copies of a software package (First Aid, developed by Cybermedia) distributed on the front cover of Windows Sources magazine in 1994. In 1997 a US subsidiary was set up called Uniloc PC Preload to produce preloaded unlockable editions of popular software products on new PCs. Distribution agreements were executed with eMachines and Toshiba. Family PC magazine also produced two months of magazines featuring unlockable software from Uniloc PC Preload on the cover in 2000.<ref> Uniloc.com Debuts`'Try-Before-You-Buy Software With Family PC Magazine;`'Star Wars Rogue]</ref> In 2003, Uniloc Corporation set up a US subsidiary called Uniloc USA, which operates out of Rhode Island and Southern California. The company is currently licensing its patented technology to software publishers and entertainment companies including Sega. Patent lawsuits , Uniloc had sued 73 companies that it alleges have violated one of its copy-protection patents. According to Uniloc, 25 of those companies settled with it out of court. Due to the abstract nature of its patents, and its litigious activities, Uniloc has been deemed a \"patent troll\" by critics. Microsoft Uniloc sued Microsoft in 2003 for violating its patent relating to technology designed to deter software piracy. In 2006, US District Judge William Smith ruled in favour of Microsoft, but an appeals court overturned his decision, saying there was a \"genuine issue of material fact\" and that he should not have ruled on the case without hearing from a jury. On April 8, 2009 a Rhode Island jury found Microsoft had violated the patent and told Microsoft to pay Uniloc $388 million in damages. After this success, Uniloc filed new patent infringement suits against Sony America, McAfee, Activision, Quark, Borland Software and Aspyr Media. The decision against Microsoft was subsequently overturned on September 29, 2009, when Judge Smith vacated the jury's verdict and ruled in favour of Microsoft again, saying the jury \"lacked a grasp of the issues before it and reached a finding without a legally sufficient basis\". Uniloc appealed the judge's decision, alleging bias and in 2011 the jury verdict was reinstated against Microsoft. The US Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit said that instead of using the usual \"25 percent rule\", the damage awards for infringement would need to be recalculated. In March 2012, Uniloc and Microsoft reached a \"final and mutually agreeable resolution\", the terms of which were not disclosed. Minecraft and other games On July 20, 2012, Uniloc filed a lawsuit against Mojang, citing the Minecraft", "title": "Uniloc" }, { "docid": "46205919", "text": "Microsoft Corp. v. United States, known on appeal to the U.S. Supreme Court as United States v. Microsoft Corp., 584 U.S. ___, 138 S. Ct. 1186 (2018), was a data privacy case involving the extraterritoriality of law enforcement seeking electronic data under the 1986 Stored Communications Act (SCA), Title II of the Electronic Communications Privacy Act of 1986 (ECPA), in light of modern computing and Internet technologies such as data centers and cloud storage. In 2013, Microsoft challenged a warrant by the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) to turn over emails of a target account stored in Ireland, arguing that a warrant issued under Section 2703 of the Stored Communications Act could not compel American companies to produce data stored in servers outside the United States. Microsoft initially lost in the Southern District of New York, with the judge stating that the nature of the Stored Communication Act warrant, as passed in 1986, was not subject to territorial restrictions. Microsoft appealed to the United States Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit, who found in favor of Microsoft by 2016 and invalidated the warrant. In response, the United States Department of Justice appealed to the Supreme Court of the United States, which decided to hear the appeal. While the case was pending in the Supreme Court, Congress passed the Clarifying Lawful Overseas Use of Data Act (CLOUD Act), which amended the SCA to resolve concerns from the government and Microsoft related to the initial warrant. The Supreme Court, following agreement from both the government and Microsoft, determined the passage of the CLOUD Act and a new warrant for the data filed under it made the case moot and vacated the Second Circuit's decision. Background As part of the investigation into a drug-trafficking case in December 2013, a United States magistrate judge in the United States District Court for the Southern District of New York issued a warrant under the Stored Communications Act of 1986 (SCA) requiring Microsoft to produce all emails and information associated with an account they hosted. While the information was held on Microsoft's United States servers, the emails were stored on a server in Dublin, Ireland, one of numerous servers Microsoft operates located around the world. Microsoft complied with providing the account information but refused to turn over the emails, arguing that a U.S. judge has no authority to issue a warrant for information stored abroad. Microsoft moved to vacate the warrant for the content held abroad on December 18, 2013. In May 2014, a federal magistrate judge, reviewing the history of the SCA (which had not been amended since its passage), disagreed with Microsoft and ordered it to turn over the emails, reasoning that unlike a typical warrant, SCA warrants function as both a warrant and a subpoena, and thus are not restricted by territorial constraints. The magistrate judge considered that Microsoft had control of the material outside the United States, and thus would be able to comply with the subpoena-like nature of the SCA warrant.", "title": "Microsoft Corp. v. United States" }, { "docid": "74153409", "text": "Federal Trade Commission v. Microsoft Corp. and Activision Blizzard, Inc. is a lawsuit brought against multinational technology corporation Microsoft and video game holding company Activision Blizzard in 2022. The Federal Trade Commission (FTC) sought a temporary injunction against Microsoft in their efforts to acquire Activision Blizzard. In July 2021, The Wall Street Journal alleged that Activision Blizzard CEO Bobby Kotick engaged in workplace misconduct. Several days later, Microsoft discussed acquiring the company; in March 2021, Microsoft acquired ZeniMax Media for billion. In January 2022, Microsoft announced its intention to acquire Activision Blizzard. The deal would make Microsoft the third-largest gaming company by revenue, raising antitrust concerns. The FTC began reviewing the deal later that month and voted to file a legal challenge to stop Microsoft from acquiring the company in December 2022. A temporary restraining order and preliminary injunction were requested before Judge Jacqueline Scott Corley in June 2023. Corley rejected the preliminary injunction on July 11, and the FTC appealed the ruling a day later. The Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit rejected the appeal. On July 20, 2023, the FTC withdrew its lawsuit. The injunction presented a threat to the acquisition and could have ended it if granted in higher courts. FTC v. Microsoft would have been Microsoft's largest legal challenge since United States v. Microsoft Corp. (2001). On September 15, Microsoft uploaded hundreds of unredacted internal documents to the District Court for the Northern District of California's website, publicly revealing Xbox plans. Background On January 18, 2022, Microsoft announced its intention to acquire Activision Blizzard for billion, following the company's acquisition of ZeniMax Media for billion in March 2021 and amid a workplace misconduct lawsuit filed against the company by the California Department of Fair Employment and Housing. According to Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) filings, Xbox head Phil Spencer discussed acquiring Activision Blizzard days after The Wall Street Journal released its report on Activision Blizzard CEO Bobby Kotick's behavior at the company. The deal, which would add many of Activision Blizzard's franchises to Microsoft's subscription service Xbox Game Pass, would make Microsoft the third-largest gaming company by revenue behind Chinese multinational technology company Tencent and Japanese multinational conglomerate Sony. Call of Duty, an Activision Blizzard franchise, would remain on Sony's PlayStation platform for at least three more games, according to Bloomberg News's Jason Schreier; at the time, the games remaining on PlayStation included Call of Duty: Modern Warfare II (2022), Call of Duty: Warzone 2.0 (2022), and Treyarch's forthcoming Call of Duty game in the main series. Following Schreier's report, Microsoft assured customers that it will keep Activision Blizzard's titles on PlayStation beyond Activision Blizzard's existing agreement with PlayStation, despite making Redfall (2023) and Starfield (2023) exclusive to Windows and Xbox. Microsoft's intent to acquire Activision Blizzard raised potential antitrust concerns both within the United States and abroad. The Federal Trade Commission (FTC) said it would review the deal on January 31; although acquisitions are usually reviewed by the Department of Justice, the FTC has", "title": "FTC v. Microsoft" }, { "docid": "2871844", "text": "CleanFlicks was a company founded in Utah in 2000 that rented and sold commercially-released DVDs and VHS tapes from which they had edited content which the company considered inappropriate for children or that viewers might otherwise find offensive. CleanFlicks removed sexual content, profanity, some references to deity, and some violence from movies, either by muting audio or clipping entire portions of the track. A group of major film productions studios sued CleanFlicks in 2002, arguing that their service constituted copyright infringement. A 2006 court ruling closed the company. On March 13, 2007, CleanFlicks reopened its website with \"Movies You Can Trust.\" While legally enjoined from offering edited movies, an email sent by the company on that date indicated that they had reviewed \"tens of thousands\" of movies and compiled over 1000 that meet their \"family-friendly criteria\" for sale and rent. In January 2013, the CleanFlicks.com website was no longer online. Directors Guild lawsuit An announcement (August 20, 2002) of intention on the Directors Guild of America website (on behalf of the guild and 12 directors) to sue seven entities that engage in the video-editing practice, caused CleanFlicks to preemptively file a lawsuit in Denver Federal Court in August 2002. Robert Huntsman, an attorney and inventor affiliated with Cleanflicks who had a DVD-editing patent pending, was named as the lead plaintiff, so the original short caption for the case was Huntsman v. Soderbergh. Robert Huntsman had been advising Corey Smitheram, former operator of four Idaho and Colorado Cleanflicks franchises, In their suit, Cleanflicks sought a judgment stating that edited content was legal under federal copyright law. In addition to director Steven Soderbergh, named defendants included Hollywood figures Steven Spielberg, Robert Redford, Sydney Pollack, Robert Altman, John Landis, and Martin Scorsese. Although the chain had been operating for two years, the issue was brought to the spotlight when MovieMask made a series of demonstrations around Hollywood in March of that year. The directors' counter-suit soon followed, but the legal battle stretched on for years. CleanFlicks and Huntsman preemptively filed suit against the DGA on August 29, naming 16 renowned directors as defendants in U.S. District Court for the district of Colorado, seeking the Court's determination as to whether their editing practices are protected under federal copyright law. Also, the preemptive filing ensured the impending legal battle would play out in Colorado courts rather than in California. As the case made national headlines, its short byline read \"Huntsman v. Soderbergh\". The docket header read: ROBERT HUNTSMAN and CLEAN FLICKS OF COLORADO, L.L.C., Plaintiffs, v. STEVEN SODERBERGH, ROBERT ALTMAN, MICHAEL APTED, TAYLOR HACKFORD, CURTIS HANSON, NORMAN JEWISON, JOHN LANDIS, MICHAEL MANN, PHILLIP NOYCE, BRAD SILBERLING, BETTY THOMAS, IRWIN WINKLER, MARTIN SCORSESE, STEVEN SPIELBERG, ROBERT REDFORD and SYDNEY POLLACK On July 6, 2006, a federal judge in Denver ruled that CleanFlicks' editing violated U.S. copyright laws. The judge ordered the company to \"stop producing, manufacturing, creating, and renting\" edited movies, and to hand all inventory to movie studios within five days of the ruling. The", "title": "CleanFlicks" }, { "docid": "42201259", "text": "UsedSoft (stylized usedSoft in both English and German) is a used-software commerce company that instituted the business-to-business (B2B) market for used computer programs. The company is headquartered in Zug, Switzerland. History and company structure UsedSoft was founded in 2003 by Peter Schneider. The companies UsedSoft Deutschland GmbH (Dortmund) and UsedSoft Europe (Amsterdam) are wholly owned subsidiaries and distributors of UsedSoft International AG. Sales work is performed by a sales organization consisting of some 40 persons active all over Germany and Europe. UsedSoft also launched an online shop in 2013. When Schneider died in June 2022 after a serious illness, existing executives Johannes Jäger and Michael Aufderheide took over operation of the company. Business model UsedSoft purchases and sells standard computer programs that have already been used by other users. Since it does not suffer from wear, contrary to other products, software retains the same quality as brand new products. Licenses on the used market are available for around 30 per cent below the price on new software. UsedSoft maintains business operations exclusively in Europe. Its customer base includes large companies, SMEs, and public agencies, including Edeka, Woolworth, Harry Broth, s.Oliver, Segafredo, the airports of Munich and Salzburg, law firms, an association in Germany's Bundesliga soccer league, savings and loans banks, as well as the City of Munich, Germany's Federal Social Court in Kassel, and the Thuringia Police. Legal foundation The legal foundation for used software trade consists of the \"principle of exhaustion\" in copyright law. This principle lays out that a manufacturer's distribution right to a product is \"exhausted\" the first time it brings the product into circulation. Thus, the buyer can resell the product secondhand. In Europe, EU Directive 2009/24/EC expressly permits trading used computer programs. ECJ ruling Since 2005, Oracle and UsedSoft have carried out a legal dispute in Germany on the question of whether UsedSoft is permitted to trade used Oracle licenses. The dispute was taken all the way to Germany's Federal Court of Justice, the country's highest court, which ultimately passed the case to the European Court of Justice (ECJ) for adjudication. The ECJ's ruling was announced on 3 July 2012 (case C-128/11). The ECJ ruled, barring further recourse for appeal, that the principle of exhaustion applies to every first-time sale of software. Thus, used software trade has been declared fundamentally legal. According to the Court, this also applies to software that has been transmitted online. The ECJ even laid out that the second acquirer of computer programs that have been transmitted online may download the software from the manufacturer: according to the ECJ. See also Discount-Licensing Volume license key References External links Microsoft Volume Licensing Microsoft Volume Licensing Service Center European Court of Justice Press Release No. 94/12 from 3 July 2012 Companies based in Zug Online retailers of Switzerland", "title": "UsedSoft" }, { "docid": "13722979", "text": "Melco Holdings Inc. is a family business founded by Makoto Maki in 1975 and is located in Japan. The company's most recognizable brand is Buffalo Inc. Buffalo Inc. is currently one of the 16 subsidiaries of Melco Holdings Inc., initially founded as an audio equipment manufacturer, the company entered the computer peripheral market in 1981 with an EEPROM writer. The name BUFFALO is derived from one of company's first products, a printer buffer and the name for the American Bison (Buffalo). Name Melco's name stands for Maki Engineering Laboratory COmpany. History Melco Holdings Inc. was incorporated in 1986; currently its subsidiaries are involved in the manufacture of random-access memory products, Flash memory products, USB products, CD-ROM/DVD-RW drives, hard disk drives, local area network products, printer buffers, liquid-crystal displays, Microsoft Windows accelerators, personal computer components and CPU accelerators. A subsidiary of Melco provides corporate services in Japan like Internet set-up, computer terminal installation/set-up, computer education and computer maintenance. The company has also started selling solid-state drives in Japan. Buffalo Technology (USA) is the North American subsidiary of the group and is based in Austin, Texas. The company has been first to market on a number of new technologies. A Timeline of Firsts January 1999 – First Wireless Router December 2002 – First Draft-11g Wi-Fi Products Shipped November 2003 – First NAS Appliance January 2005 – First RAID NAS Appliance April 2006 – First Draft-11n Wi-Fi Products Shipped November 2009 – First USB 3.0 Storage January 2012 – First Draft-11ac Wi-Fi Solution Demonstrated at CES May 2012 – First Draft-11ac Wi-Fi products shipped June 2012 – First Thunderbolt + USB 3.0 Hybrid Device May 2013 – First DDR Memory Buffer DAS Drive Corporate Structure Products Nintendo Wi-Fi USB Connector Buffalo network-attached storage series External hard drive HD DVD Computer Drive AirStation (Residential gateway) AOSS Memory - SO-DIMM and DIMM USB flash drive UPnP Media Rendering Hardware Litigation In late 2006, the Australian Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO) won a lawsuit against Buffalo Inc. under which it would receive a royalty for every WLAN product worldwide. The lawsuits basis was that CSIRO was granted US patent 5487069 in 1996, which grants elements of 802.11a/g wireless technology that had become an industry standard. In June 2007, the federal court in Texas granted an injunction to prevent any more wireless products from shipping until a license agreement had been reached. On September 19, 2008, the Federal Circuit ruled in Buffalo's favor and has remanded this case to the district court ruling that the district court's Summary Judgment was insufficient on the merits of obviousness of CSIRO's patent. Therefore, this case will be tried again before the district court. In this connection Buffalo is hopeful that it will shortly be permitted to, once again, sell IEEE 802.11a and 802.11g compliant products in the United States. See also AirStation Buffalo network-attached storage series References External links Buffalo's web page Computer companies established in 1975 Computer hardware companies Computer memory companies Computer peripheral companies Electronics companies", "title": "Melco" }, { "docid": "50174704", "text": "Microsoft Corporation v. United States of America was a complaint for declaratory judgment action filed in the U.S. District Court in Seattle, Washington. At issue was the 1986 Electronic Communications Privacy Act. with Microsoft arguing that secrecy orders were preventing them from disclosing warrants to customers in violation of the company's and customers' rights. The case was started in April 2016 and although the government bid for dismissal of the suit, in February 2017 a federal judge set a trial date set for June 2018. Microsoft was supported in its lawsuit by companies such as Amazon, Apple, Google, Dropbox and Salesforce. The case was dropped by Microsoft in October 2017 after policy changes at the Department of Justice. Although no laws were changed, the new DOJ policy \"changed data request rules on alerting Internet users about agencies accessing their information,\" and mandated defined periods of time for secrecy orders from the government. Although the change represented \"most of what Microsoft was asking for,\" Microsoft did not rule out future litigation. History Filing of the lawsuit In April 2016 in Seattle, Microsoft sued the U.S. Department of Justice, arguing that secrecy orders were preventing the company from disclosing warrants to customers in violation of the company's and customers' rights. Microsoft also had the backing of companies such as Amazon, Apple, Google, Dropbox and Salesforce in the lawsuit. The company claimed that over the 18 months prior, federal judges had approved 2,600 secret searches of Microsoft customers' data, with 68 percent of those cases involving secrecy orders with no expiration date banning Microsoft from notifying customers about the searches. Microsoft argued that \"the future of cloud computing is in jeopardy if customers can't trust that their data will remain private.\" Legal argument The lawsuit concerned the portion of federal law that deals with delayed notice, 18 USC 2705(b) of the Stored Communications Act. At issue was the 1986 Electronic Communications Privacy Act. which predated the internet. Although normally a person must be told by police that their homes are searched, via a warrant, the 1986 law allows police to get a special exemption to check computers without a warrant. Microsoft argued that \"People do not give up their rights when they move their private information from physical storage to the cloud. The government, however, has exploited the transition to cloud computing as a means of expanding its power to conduct secret investigations.\" Microsoft noted that those secret searches often remain undisclosed after cases were closed. Microsoft alleged that it has the right to inform customers when the United States government obtains a warrant to read their emails or access their information in the cloud. The company alleged that it is unconstitutional \"to force the company to remain silent and not inform customers when their cloud data has been searched or inspected by authorities.\" Microsoft contended in the case that while some cases might require secrecy, the practice of indefinite gag orders had become far too common. Microsoft argued that it was unconstitutional", "title": "Microsoft v. United States (2016)" }, { "docid": "11001177", "text": "Microsoft Corp. v. AT&T Corp., 550 U.S. 437 (2007), was a United States Supreme Court case in which the Supreme Court reversed a previous decision by the Federal Circuit and ruled in favor of Microsoft, holding that Microsoft was not liable for infringement on AT&T's patent under 35 U.S.C. § 271(f). In this case, Microsoft exported abroad the \"master version\" of its Windows software disk, which incorporated a speech processing function claimed by one of AT&T's patents, with the intent that such software be copied abroad for installation onto foreign-manufactured computers. According to the Supreme Court, liability for such unauthorized replication and installation would have to arise under the patent laws of those foreign countries, not the U.S. Patent Act. Although AT&T argued that the Supreme Court's decision actually created a \"loophole\" for software makers to avoid liability under § 271(f), the Supreme Court explained that it is Congress, not the Court, that is responsible for addressing any such loopholes. Background Factual background AT&T held a patent (US Patent No. 4472832) on a program that could digitally encode and compress recorded speech on a computer. Microsoft's Windows operating system had the potential to infringe that patent because Windows incorporated a software called NetMeeting that, when installed, enabled a computer to process speech in the same manner as claimed by AT&T's patent. Microsoft shipped abroad a \"master version\" of Windows, either on a disk or via encrypted electronic transmission, to foreign manufacturers. These manufacturers first used the master version of Windows to generate copies, and then installed the copies onto the computers they sold to users abroad. AT&T accused Microsoft of infringing U.S. Patent Re. 32580, which was a reissue of U.S. Patent No. 4472832, and filed a suit charging Microsoft with liability for the foreign replications and installations of Windows. In general, no patent infringement occurred when a patented product was made and sold in another country. However, section 271(f) of the Patent Act, in response to Deepsouth Packing Co. v. Laitram Corp and adopted in 1984, provided that infringement would occur when one \"supplies\" a patented invention's \"components\" from the United States for the purpose of \"combination\" abroad. Procedural background In 2001, AT&T filed an infringement suit to the U.S. District Court for the Southern District of New York, charging Microsoft with liability for the foreign installations of Windows. Microsoft responded that: (1) Windows software could not be a “component” of a patented invention within the meaning of § 271(f) because it was intangible information; (2) even if the Windows software were a “component,” no actual “components” had been “supplied” from the United States as required by § 271(f) because the copies installed on the foreign-assembled computers had all been made abroad. However, rejecting all these responses, the District Court held Microsoft liable under § 271(f). After Microsoft appealed, a divided panel of the Federal Circuit still affirmed the District Court's decision. In October 2006, the Supreme Court finally agreed to address the conflicting case law surrounding § 271(f)", "title": "Microsoft Corp. v. AT&T Corp." }, { "docid": "36557539", "text": "The Internet Association (IA) was an American lobbying group based in Washington, D.C., which represented companies involved in the Internet. It was founded in 2012 by Michael Beckerman and several companies, including Google, Amazon, eBay, and Facebook, and was most recently headed by president and CEO K. Dane Snowden before shutting down. Prior to shuttering, IA lobbied Congress, the courts, foreign governments, federal and state agencies, and state and local governments on a range of regulatory issues. The group also published economic research on the internet economy. Group members had included companies such as Airbnb, Dropbox, Etsy, Expedia, LinkedIn, Microsoft, Netflix and PayPal. Internet Association had offices in Washington, DC; Albany, New York; Chicago, Illinois; Seattle, Washington; Sacramento, California; and London, UK. History On July 25, 2012, news outlets reported that several internet companies, including Google, Amazon, eBay and Facebook, were founding a new lobbying group. Michael Beckerman was appointed president and CEO of the new Internet Association, which was set to publicly launch in September of that year. In December 2021, following financial difficulty and waning relevance after companies such as Microsoft and Uber pulled support, as well as key staff departures due to internal dysfunction, Politico reported that the organization planned to dissolve. Advocacy The Internet Association was a lobbying group and shut down at the end of 2021. Net neutrality The association contested the FCC's initial net neutrality proposal in July 2014, advocating stronger neutrality rules. It later praised the newer rules that surfaced in early 2015, advocating for net neutrality rules to apply equally to wireless and wired internet connections, and applauded the development of net neutrality legislation by the Republican Party in the US Congress, which was developed as an alternative to the FCC reclassification proposal. The association supported the 2015 Open Internet Order, lobbying for it in the press, Congress and the courts. It opposed FCC Chairman Ajit Pai's Restoring Internet Freedom Order. It participated in the \"Day of Action to Save the Internet\" during the summer of 2017. It created a micro-site and video directing Americans to send comments to the FCC opposing the Restoring Internet Freedom Order, and stated plans to participate in lawsuits to overturn the Order as an intervenor. Intellectual property The association advocated patent reform legislation, to make it more difficult for patent trolls to sue for patent damages. Privacy In September 2018, Internet Association called for federal privacy legislation and released policy principles for a federal privacy law. Sharing economy In 2015, Internet Association president and CEO Michael Beckerman criticized the Seattle authorities for allowing vehicle for hire drivers to form unions, claiming that it would \"undermine the ability of for-hire and ride-sharing companies to operate\". In 2017, the Internet Association opposed California AB 375, a data privacy bill that would require Internet service providers to obtain customers' permission to collect and sell their browsing history, citing desensitization and security as the basis for their opposition. IA opposed Assemblywoman Lorena Gonzalez Fletcher's \"tipping bill\", arguing that the market,", "title": "Internet Association" }, { "docid": "20721255", "text": "Bond v United States, 529 U.S. 334 (2000), was a United States Supreme Court Fourth Amendment case that applied the ruling of Minnesota v. Dickerson to luggage, which held that police may not physically manipulate items without a warrant without violating the Fourth Amendment. The Court ruled that this satisfied the two prong test established by Katz v. United States that, (1) a subjective expectation of privacy in the area in question and (2) that the expectation is reasonable in order for the protections of the Fourth Amendment. In this case, the Court ruled that since the Defendant tried to preserve his privacy by using an opaque bag and that it is reasonable for the Defendant to believe that his bag would not be felt in an \"exploratory manner\" that the two prongs were satisfied. Background During an immigration status check of a passenger on a bus in Texas, a United States Border Patrol Agent squeezed the soft luggage of Steven D Bond. The Agent thought the bag held a \"brick-like\" object. After Bond admitted that it was his bag and then consented to a search of the bag, the Border Patrol Agent found a \"brick\" of methamphetamine. Bond was arrested and indicted on Federal drug charges. Bond moved to suppress the \"brick\" of methamphetamine on the basis that the agent had conducted an illegal search of the bag when squeezing it. He claimed that this was a violation of the Federal Constitution's Fourth Amendment prohibition on unreasonable searches and seizures. The district court denied the motion, and found Bond guilty. The Court of Appeals held that the agent's manipulation of the bag was not a search under the Fourth Amendment. Opinion of the Court In a 7-2 opinion written by Chief Justice William Rehnquist, the Court held that Agent Cantu's physical manipulation of Bond's bag violated the Fourth Amendment.\" References External links United States Fourth Amendment case law United States Supreme Court cases United States Supreme Court cases of the Rehnquist Court 2000 in United States case law", "title": "Bond v. United States (2000)" }, { "docid": "9331454", "text": "Ponosov's case is an action against Aleksandr Ponosov, a teacher and principal of a high school in Sepych village of Perm Krai of Russia. Aleksandr Ponosov was charged with illegal use of unlicensed copies of Microsoft Windows and Microsoft Office on 12 computers being used in the school (article 146.3 of the Russian Criminal Code) and of damnification of 266,593.63 rubles (about 10,000 USD) to Microsoft Corporation. The charges could result in 5 years of imprisonment. The unlicensed copies were pre-installed on the computers by the original equipment manufacturer prior to the school's purchase. Ultimately, Ponosov was found not guilty. This case caused significant controversy in Russian mass media and blogs as well as among Russian politicians and lawyers (especially copyright law experts). Case details In early 2005, Ponosov's school bought 20 new PCs with preinstalled Microsoft software. In late May 2006, a procursive inspection revealed unlicensed copies of Microsoft software on 12 of the 20 computers. When the academic year began in September 2006, students were taught information science in front of inoperative computers. Court history Ponosov pleaded not guilty in his first hearing. On 9 January 2007, a second hearing was conducted in the town of Vereshchagino, Perm Krai before Judge Vera Barakina. The prosecution presented a bill of particulars as well as witnesses. Official representatives of the injured party, Microsoft Corporation, did not appear. A third hearing was held on 29 January 2007. Representatives of Microsoft's regional dealer stated that the employee who had sold the computers with unlicensed copies of Windows was imposed a fine of 10,000 rubles (about 380 US dollars). During the fourth hearing on 12 February 2007 Ponosov refused to apologize to Microsoft in order to settle the case. The prosecution demanded that Ponosov be fined 3,000 rubles (about $115). Surprisingly, Judge Barakina closed the case on February 15 \"for insignificance\"; this left both parties unsatisfied with prosecutors deciding to appeal, on the basis that the decision was \"unlawful\", while Ponosov filed an appeal, demanding a not guilty verdict. On 27 March 2007 Perm Krai court set aside the decision of the court of first instance and remitted the case for reconsideration. On 7 May 2007 the trial court found that Ponosov had caused Microsoft damages of 266,000 roubles and ruled that Ponosov was guilty while fining him 5,000 roubles ($194.4). On 19 December 2008 Perm Krai court repealed the sentence of Vereshchagino's court and found Ponosov not guilty. Opinions Vladimir Putin During a press conference in the Kremlin on 1 February 2007, Russian president Vladimir Putin said: “If the legislation which, as I see, is not very adequate, needs to be amended, then we will reflect on this. But to grab someone for buying a computer somewhere and start threatening him with prison, is complete nonsense, simply ridiculous.” Mikhail Gorbachev and Alexander Lebedev On 5 February 2007 Mikhail Gorbachev (ex-president of the USSR) and Alexander Lebedev (deputy of Russian State Duma) published in Novaya Gazeta an open letter to Bill Gates (chairman", "title": "Ponosov's case" }, { "docid": "15520438", "text": "Frederick \"Ric\" Richardson (born 1962 in Sydney, Australia) is an Australian inventor recognised for his early invention of a form of product activation used in anti-piracy. He is the inventor of record for a number of U.S. patents, including the Uniloc patent US5490216 and the Logarex patent 6400293. Richardson grew up in Sydney and currently resides in Byron Bay. He founded Uniloc to commercialise his invention, and in 2003 it became a licensing company that has sought to license some of the patents that he invented. Some of these patents date back to 1992. The machine fingerprinting technology is used to stop copyright infringement. He is now an independent inventor, and is seeking to develop technologies including ship designs, shark warning systems and password replacement technology. Case of Microsoft vs. Uniloc In Uniloc USA, Inc. v. Microsoft Corp., a jury awarded Uniloc US$388million against Microsoft for their infringement of a product activation patent licensed to Uniloc. The application before the court to go to trial was originally blocked by a summary judgement for Microsoft. A jury found that Microsoft products Windows XP, Office XP, and Windows Server 2003 infringed the Uniloc patent. The presiding U.S. District Court Judge William Smith disagreed as a matter of law, overturning the jury's verdict and ruling in favour of Microsoft. This ruling was appealed and reversed. Microsoft later settled, paying an undisclosed amount. Independent Australian inventor Richardson has been profiled in two Australian Story episodes, sharing details about his initial $388 million jury win in Rhode Island and the cases eventual settlement with Microsoft. In 2015, he collaborated with other NSW North Coast residents to examine the feasibility of a sonar-based alarm system in Byron Bay, designed to alert beach users about the presence of sharks. Richardson has been the subject of two Australian Story episodes covering his initial win of $388 million by a jury in Rhode Island. In 2015, he worked with other North Coast residents to investigate the use of a sonar-based alarm system for Byron Bay to alert beach users of large animals. Haventec In 2016, Richardson co-founded a security technology company called Haventec with Nuix chairman and interim CEO Anthony \"Tony\" Castagna. The company is commercialising an invention by Richardson that uses public keys in combination with a one-time password technique to prevent passwords from being stored or used on enterprise networks. Another of Richardson's patented inventions is being used by the company to allow consumers to automatically enter credit card details. Richardson's password-less authentication and one-click payment systems both rely on the concept of reducing the opportunity for hackers to infiltrate an enterprise system. See also Software patent References External links Ric Richardson blog Ric Richardson website Haventec Uniloc 21st-century Australian inventors Living people 1962 births", "title": "Ric Richardson" }, { "docid": "21827393", "text": "J. Frederick Motz (December 30, 1942 – October 23, 2023) was a United States district judge of the United States District Court for the District of Maryland. He served as judge on that court from 1985 to his death. His previous experience included a range of positions as an Assistant United States Attorney and United States Attorney, and more than a decade in private practice. He was also chairman of the board of Trustees for Sheppard Pratt Health System. Education and career Born on December 30, 1942, in Baltimore, Maryland, Motz received an Artium Baccalaureus degree from Wesleyan University in 1964 and a Bachelor of Laws from the University of Virginia School of Law in 1967. He served as a law clerk to Judge Harrison Lee Winter of the United States Court of Appeals for the Fourth Circuit from 1967 to 1968. He was in private practice in Baltimore from 1968 to 1969. He was an Assistant United States Attorney of the District of Maryland from 1969 to 1971. He was in private practice in Baltimore from 1971 to 1981. He was the United States Attorney for the District of Maryland from 1981 to 1985. His wife, Diana Gribbon Motz, sits on the Fourth Circuit. Federal judicial service On April 23, 1985, Motz was nominated by President Ronald Reagan to a new seat on the United States District Court for the District of Maryland created by 98 Stat. 333. He was confirmed by the United States Senate on July 11, 1985, and received his commission on July 12, 1985. He served as Chief Judge from 1994 to 2001. He took senior status on December 17, 2010. Notable cases In 1999, Motz ruled against Ida Wells, a former secretary for the Democratic National Committee, who had sued G. Gordon Liddy for defamation. Liddy, a White House 'plumber' for President Richard Nixon, had endorsed a theory in the book Silent Coup (1991), in Liddy's first major public statement about the Watergate case after his four and a half year prison sentence. The book argued White House counsel John Dean had orchestrated the Watergate break-in to find and conceal evidence that his then-girlfriend had been involved in prostitution, and some of the evidence was secreted in Wells' desk. Motz declared a mistrial, stating no \"reasonable jury\" could have ruled in favor of Wells. In July 2006, Judge Motz struck down Maryland's \"Wal-Mart Law\" for violating the federal ERISA act. The Maryland law, Motz wrote, \"violates ERISA's fundamental purpose of permitting multi-state employers to maintain nationwide health and welfare plans, providing uniform nationwide benefits and permitting uniform national administration.\" Republicans, including Gov. Ehrlich who was running for re-election, applauded this ruling on the grounds it would make Maryland a more friendly environment for new business. In December 2011, Motz presided at the two-month trial in Salt Lake City of an anti-competition lawsuit where Novell claimed $1 billion from Microsoft. The issue was Microsoft's discontinuance of a Windows feature that Novell's WordPerfect software depended on;", "title": "J. Frederick Motz" }, { "docid": "33573961", "text": "New York State Dept. of Social Servs. v. Dublino, 413 U.S. 405 (1973), was a Supreme Court of the United States case that primarily dealt with the issue of post-enactment legislative history. Background The case involved the interaction of a New York state law and a provision of the federal Social Security Act. In 1967 an amendment to the Social Security Act was passed that mandated that states had to incorporate a new program, the Work Incentive Program (WIN), into their existing state Aid to Families with Dependent Children plans. The New York law in question was the New York Work Rules which were enacted in 1971 that mandated various conditions for unemployed New Yorkers to continue receiving public assistance. Recipients of public assistance in New York sued claiming that the Work Rules were preempted by the federal WIN provision of the Social Security Act. Decision In overturning the New York District Court's ruling that the New York statute was preempted by the federal statute the Supreme Court relied heavily on legislative history. The Court found persuasive the legislative debates that occurred after the District Court's ruling in which senators and representatives stated that they did not believe that Congress had intended for the federal statute to preempt the state statute. The legislators felt that as long as state courts did not contravene federal law then states were free to operate their programs as supplementary to WIN. The Court reasoned that if Congress had intended for the federal statute to preempt any future state plans for employment then they would have expressed that intention expressly and in “direct and unambiguous language.” The Court found no manifestation of congressional intent for the federal statute to preempt state statutes. Finally, the majority opinion also found persuasive that the Department of Health, Education, and Welfare (HEW) is the government agency that administers the Social Security Act and that agency never considered the WIN statute to preempt state laws. HEW, as the legislators suggested in the floor debates, routinely approved state laws such as New York's Work Rules as long as the requirements were not arbitrary or unreasonable. Quoting Red Lion Broadcasting Co. v. FCC, 395 U.S. 367 at 381, the Court stated that “the construction of a statute by those charged with its execution should be followed unless there are compelling indications that it is wrong...” The Court found no indication that HEW was wrong to approve state programs. Post-Enactment Legislative History This case is important for its use of post-enactment statutory interpretation. This type of legislative history is most commonly used by courts to determine what the congress who enacted the statute intended to include or not include in the statutory language; thus, it is a record of what occurred before the statute was enacted. The Court's analysis centered heavily on Congressional debates about WIN that occurred after the statute had been passed. Subsequent History The WIN program was repealed by Congress on October 13, 1988. References External links United States Supreme", "title": "New York State Department of Social Services v. Dublino" }, { "docid": "39233999", "text": "VirnetX () is a publicly traded Internet security software and technology company based in Zephyr Cove, Nevada. VirnetX has been described as a patent troll, whose primary business model is patent licensing and suing infringing companies. The company has won intellectual property litigation against various technology companies. Kendall Larsen is the company's CEO. History Dr. Robert Dunham Short, Chief Scientist/Director, and Dr. Victor Larson, Chief Technology Officer at VirnetX, co-invented a protocol in 1998 that encrypts real-time audio and video transmissions, which was then sought by Apple for their FaceTime app. The company's patent portfolio includes U.S. and international patents in areas such as DNS and network communication. Since 2010, VirnetX has been in litigation with companies including Apple, Cisco, and Microsoft. Separately, in December 2014, Microsoft and VirnetX settled patent disputes over Skype technology for $23 million. In their Apple case, VirnetX worked together with SAIC, and was awarded $368 million in damages for FaceTime infringement. That ruling was partially vacated in August 2014, but two patents were confirmed to be infringed by the United States Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit. In December 2014, VirnetX opened access to their Gabriel platform, which builds upon their patents, and is implemented as small to medium-sized business enterprise collaboration software. Apple has appealed rulings against it in state and federal courts and demanded a jury trial for the VirtnetX case. In February 2016 an East Texas jury unanimously ruled in federal court that Apple had willfully violated 13 VirnetX patents. The jury said Apple must pay VirnetX $625.6 million for infringing four of the patents, and the court was considering ongoing royalty rates and punitive damages. At Apple's request, the ruling was vacated in August 2016 and the case sent back to be retried separating the patents into two groups. VirnetX has filed an injunction to block sales of Facetime and iMessage, claiming that its own platforms are suffering. The first retrial, conducted from September 26 to September 30, 2016, resulted in another unanimous jury verdict for VirnetX. The verdict re-affirmed patent violations enabling Facetime and iMessage and awarded $439.7 million to VirnetX. The remaining two patents will be tried separately. In 2018, Apple was ordered to pay $502.6 million to VirnetX, but that order was vacated in 2019. Apple was still found by the jury to be infringing two patents, but attempted to appeal this judgement. In February 2020, the U.S. Supreme Court did not consider an appeal made by Apple. Apple's request for a new trial was overturned in January 2021. In March 2021, the patent and trial appeal board ruled that two of VirnetX's patents were invalid in its dispute with Apple. VirnetX Matrix, which secures private access to Internet applications and infrastructure, and War Room, a security video conferencing solution, were both launched in 2022. On March 31, 2023, the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit overturned a $502 million verdict in favor of patent licensing company VirnetX against Apple in a dispute over", "title": "VirnetX" }, { "docid": "24140171", "text": "United States v. Locke, 529 U.S. 89 (2000), was a United States Supreme Court case in which the Court unanimously held that certain state regulations regarding oil tankers and oil barges are preempted under the Supremacy Clause of the United States Constitution in deference to the extensive body of federal regulations affecting these classes of vessels. Background The 1989 Exxon Valdez oil spill severely affected the environment of Prince William Sound, Alaska, United States. In the wake of that spill, the state of Washington passed a law authorizing the state Office of Marine Safety to regulate certain aspects of tanker and oil barge operations when calling on Washington state ports. Specifically, the Office of Marine Safety adopted regulations requiring tank vessel operators to submit an oil spill prevention plan for state review and approval. The United States Department of Justice led by Attorney General, Janet Reno filed suit against Washington for adopting rules in an area of law in which the United States Coast Guard had long occupied the field of regulatory activity. The basis of the suit was that the Supremacy Clause of the United States Constitution prohibited states from enacting legislation and rules in fields where the United States Congress intended the Coast Guard to have complete authority, particularly when such regulation could affect interstate and international commerce. Opinion of the Court The case reached the Supreme Court of the United States on December 7, 1999. The court unanimously held that Congress intended the United States Coast Guard to be the sole national authority regarding the design, construction, maintenance and certain operational requirements of tank vessels. Following the decision, Washington State withdrew the offending regulations. Subsequent developments This unanimous decision upheld and expanded previous case law, including Gibbons v. Ogden and Ray v. Atlantic Richfield regarding the federal government's strong role and preemptive powers in regulating interstate commerce. The court found that the states cannot pass laws that interfere with the federal government's authority over interstate commerce when a federal agency is granted exclusive jurisdiction by the United States Congress. The Supremacy Clause of the United States Constitution provides that \"this Constitution, and the Laws of the United States which shall be made in Pursuance thereof; and all Treaties made, or which shall be made, under the Authority of the United States, shall be the supreme Law of the Land.\" The Commerce Clause in Article I Section 8 of the United States Constitution provides that \"Congress shall have Power...to regulate Commerce with foreign Nations, and among the several States, and with the Indian Tribes.\" The previous decisions set the basis for the government to use these enumerated powers as \"...necessary and proper...\" also stated in the Constitution. These federal powers are likely to remain in tension with the powers of the states as articulated in the 10th amendment to the United States Constitution as adopted in the Bill of Rights. The Tenth Amendment provides that, \"The powers not delegated to the United States by the Constitution, nor prohibited", "title": "United States v. Locke" }, { "docid": "33820349", "text": "Steven J. Baum, P.C., was a law firm headquartered in Amherst, New York, United States. It was founded as Marvin R. Baum, P.C. in 1972, and remained under that name until Marvin Baum's death in 1999, after which his son Steven inherited the business and renamed it after himself. Its practice was primarily in real estate law, particularly in representing lenders and servicers in residential foreclosure actions in its later years. In the wake of the subprime mortgage crisis in the late 2000s (decade), Baum handled 40% of all foreclosures in the state, the most of any law firm in New York. Many of the foreclosures it initiated were products of the robo-signing scandal, and it came under state and federal scrutiny. Homeowner activists singled out the firm for its aggressive tactics that ruled out mortgage modifications, and brought class action suits against it. After state courts instituted a rule designed to curtail fraudulent foreclosure filings, a rule the firm had fought in court, new filings by Baum's clients dropped considerably. The firm came to national attention in 2011 when New York Times columnist Joseph Nocera published photos from the firm's Halloween party the previous year, leaked to him by an employee. They depicted costumes and decoration that mocked homeowners and critics of the firm. Shortly afterwards, Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac barred lenders and servicers from using the firm for foreclosures. State and federal investigations are continuing. Within a week Baum announced it was closing the firm, citing the negative publicity and lost business. History Marvin R. Baum founded the firm in 1972. In addition to practicing law in the foreclosure area, he wrote and lectured on the topic and real estate law in general. He chaired the Real Property Law Section of the New York State Bar Association (NYSBA). His son Steven J. Baum joined the firm in 1986. He chaired the Foreclosure and Workout Committee of the NYSBA. In 1999, when his father died, the firm assumed his name. Shortly afterwards, an associated firm, Pillar Processing LLC, was created to handle document processing. It was later spun off to private equity investors, but was dependent on Baum for almost all its business. 2000s: role in foreclosures and closing Following the subprime mortgage crisis of the late 2000s (decade), foreclosures, originally just one aspect of the firm's business, became its primary business. It became the largest foreclosure firm in the state, involved in 40% of all actions in New York. It opened a satellite office on Long Island, in Westbury, to handle the extra business. Many lawyers for homeowners and consumer activists derisively referred to Baum as a \"foreclosure mill\", and it was investigated by the state and federal governments for its role in the robo-signing scandal, in which forged documents were filed to initiate actions on behalf of clients who may not have been the original lenders or servicers. A Brooklyn judge said Baum operated \"in a parallel mortgage universe, unrelated to the real universe\". The firm", "title": "Steven J. Baum P.C." }, { "docid": "5156746", "text": "eBay Inc. v. MercExchange, L.L.C., 547 U.S. 388 (2006), is a case in which the Supreme Court of the United States unanimously determined that an injunction should not be automatically issued based on a finding of patent infringement, but also that an injunction should not be denied simply on the basis that the plaintiff does not practice the patented invention. Instead, a federal court must still weigh what the Court described as the four-factor test traditionally used to determine if an injunction should be issued. Background Online auction site eBay uses practices in its online auction technology for which MercExchange owns patents, including , which covers eBay's \"Buy it Now\" function – over 30 percent of the company's business. In 2000, eBay initiated negotiations to outright purchase MercExchange's online auction patent portfolio. When eBay abandoned its effort, MercExchange sued eBay for patent infringement and prevailed in a 2003 Virginia jury trial, which found eBay had willfully infringed the MercExchange's patents and ordered a payment of nearly $30 million in damages. Following the verdict, MercExchange sought an injunction to prevent eBay's continued use of its intellectual property, but the District Court denied the request. The United States Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit reversed the District Court in 2005, stating that there was a \"general rule that courts will issue permanent injunctions against patent infringement absent exceptional circumstances.\" Following the reversal, eBay took its case to the Supreme Court, where it prevailed. In the majority opinion the Supreme Court concluded that a permanent injunction in patent infringement cases can be issued only if the plaintiff can show that the issue satisfies a four-factor test (see below). As the legal battle dragged on, MercExchange cut its workforce from more than 40 employees to just three. MercExchange also was derided as a \"patent troll\" – inventors who use the threat of injunctions to extract hefty legal settlements for violating patents of dubious value. Opinion of the Court The Supreme Court overturned the Federal Circuit's approval of the injunction, holding that nothing in the Patent Act eliminated the traditional reliance on weighing the equitable factors considered in determining whether an injunction should issue. But it also ruled that District Court erred in denying an injunction on the basis that MercExchange does not itself practice the patented invention. That test requires a plaintiff to demonstrate: (1) that it has suffered an irreparable injury; (2) that remedies available at law are inadequate to compensate for that injury; (3) that considering the balance of hardships between the plaintiff and defendant, a remedy in equity is warranted; and (4) that the public interest would not be disserved by a permanent injunction. The decision to grant or deny such relief is an act of equitable discretion by the district court, reviewable on appeal for abuse of discretion. (...) Neither the District Court nor the Court of Appeals below fairly applied these principles. Although the District Court recited the traditional four-factor test, 275 F.Supp.2d, at 711, it appeared to", "title": "EBay Inc. v. MercExchange, L.L.C." }, { "docid": "345676", "text": "Apple Computer, Inc. v. Microsoft Corporation, 35 F.3d 1435 (9th Cir. 1994), was a copyright infringement lawsuit in which Apple Computer, Inc. (now Apple Inc.) sought to prevent Microsoft and Hewlett-Packard from using visual graphical user interface (GUI) elements that were similar to those in Apple's Lisa and Macintosh operating systems. The court ruled that, \"Apple cannot get patent-like protection for the idea of a graphical user interface, or the idea of a desktop metaphor [under copyright law]...\". In the midst of the Apple v. Microsoft lawsuit, Xerox also sued Apple alleging that Mac's GUI was heavily based on Xerox's. The district court dismissed Xerox's claims without addressing whether Apple's GUI infringed Xerox's. Apple lost all claims in the Microsoft suit except for the ruling that the trash can icon and folder icons from Hewlett-Packard's NewWave windows application were infringing. The lawsuit was filed in 1988 and lasted four years; the decision was affirmed on appeal in 1994, and Apple's appeal to the U.S. Supreme Court was denied. Background Apple Inc. had agreed to license certain parts of its GUI to Microsoft for use in Windows 1.0, but when Microsoft made changes in Windows 2.0 adding overlapping windows and other features found in the Macintosh GUI, Apple filed suit. Apple added additional claims to the suit when Microsoft released Windows 3.0. Apple claimed the \"look and feel\" of the Macintosh operating system, taken as a whole, was protected by copyright, and that each element of the interface (such as the existence of windows on the screen, the rectangular appearance of windows, windows could be resized, overlap, and have title bars) was not as important as all these elements taken together. After oral arguments, the court insisted on an analysis of specific GUI elements that Apple claimed were infringements. Apple listed 189 GUI elements; the court decided that 179 of these elements had been licensed to Microsoft in the Windows 1.0 agreement and most of the remaining 10 elements were not copyrightable —either they were unoriginal to Apple, or they were the only possible way of expressing a particular idea. Midway through the suit, Xerox filed a lawsuit against Apple claiming Apple had infringed copyrights Xerox held on its GUI's. Xerox had invited the Macintosh design team to view their GUI computers at the PARC research lab; these visits had been very influential on the development of the Macintosh GUI. Xerox's lawsuit appeared to be a defensive move to ensure that if Apple v. Microsoft established that \"look and feel\" was copyrightable, then Xerox would be the primary beneficiary, rather than Apple. The Xerox case was dismissed, for a variety of legal reasons, most notably that Xerox \"had waited too long to file a copyright infringement case and had to resort to a weaker charge of unfair competition\". Court case The district court ruled that it would require a standard of \"virtual identity\" between Windows and the Macintosh at trial for Apple to prove copyright infringement. Apple believed the standard to", "title": "Apple Computer, Inc. v. Microsoft Corp." }, { "docid": "32033960", "text": "i4i (Infrastructures for Information) is an independent software company specializing in the delivery of XML / SGML document processing software in Toronto, Ontario, Canada, founded by Michel Vulpe in 1993. Patent dispute In 1994, Michel Vulpe and Stephen Owens filed for a patent for methods for using regular word processors as XML /SGML editors. In 1998, the United States Patent and Trademark Office issued patent #5,787,449, which describes the invention as \"a system and method for the separate manipulation of the architecture and content of a document, particularly for data representation and transformations. The system, for use by computer software developers, removes dependency on document encoding technology. A map of metacodes found in the document is produced and provided and stored separately from the document. The map indicates the location and addresses of metacodes in the document. The system allows of multiple views of the same content, the ability to work solely on structure and solely on content, storage efficiency of multiple versions and efficiency of operation.\" In 2007, Microsoft filed an ex-parte re-examination request with the USPTO citing prior art as invalidating the 5,787,449 patent. The USPTO reviewed the prior art and Microsoft's assertions of patent invalidity in light of the prior art. In April 2010 the USPTO affirmed all the challenged claims. Microsoft also filed for patent re-examination with the USPTO. The re-examination confirmed all the challenged claims. Not satisfied with this result, Microsoft filed an appeal to the Commissioner of Patents. This was turned down. Microsoft then filed another re-examination request. This second request was denied by the USPTO. In May 2007, Vulpe and i4i successfully sued Microsoft, in the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Texas, for willfully infringing the '449 patent. The court awarded over $240 million in damages and granted the first ever injunction against the infringing product, Microsoft Word. The injunction was stayed by the US Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit pending Microsoft's appeal. On December 22, 2009 the Court affirmed in full the decision of the lower court: the injunction was reinstated, the damages awarded affirmed and the validity of the patent affirmed. Microsoft subsequently filed a petition for a writ of certiorari with the United States Supreme Court asking it to hear the case. The question put to the Court was: \"The Patent Act provides that '[a] patent shall be presumed valid' and that '[t]he burden of establishing invalidity of a patent or any claim thereof shall rest on the party asserting such invalidity.' 35 U.S.C. § 282. The Federal Circuit held below that Microsoft was required to prove its defense of invalidity under 35 U.S.C. § 102(b) by 'clear and convincing evidence,' even though the prior art on which the invalidity defense rests was not considered by the Patent and Trademark Office prior to the issuance of the asserted patent. The question presented is: Whether the court of appeals erred in holding that Microsoft's invalidity defense must be proved by clear and convincing evidence.\" The", "title": "I4i" }, { "docid": "56390512", "text": "John Campbell \"Cam\" Barker (born 1980) is an American federal judge of the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Texas. Education and career Barker earned his Bachelor of Science from Texas A&M University, summa cum laude, in computer engineering. As an undergraduate, he was inducted into Tau Beta Pi, hired by Microsoft as a programmer, and co-authored a paper published in the IEEE Transactions on Multimedia. Barker then earned his Juris Doctor from the University of Texas School of Law with highest honors, graduating first in his class. While on the law review there, Barker published an article on copyright statutory damages that was cited by the district court in Sony BMG v. Tenenbaum, 721 F. Supp. 2d 85 (D. Mass. 2010). Upon graduation from law school, Barker served as a law clerk to Judge William Curtis Bryson of the United States Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit and Judge John M. Walker Jr. of the United States Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit. After his clerkships, he served as a trial attorney in the Department of Justice's Criminal Division for four years and was detailed as a Special Assistant United States Attorney for the Eastern District of Virginia in 2009. Barker prosecuted three members of the MS-13 gang who were convicted of conspiracy and racketeering. Barker was given the Department of Justice's Meritorious Award three times while serving under U.S. Attorneys General Michael Mukasey and Eric Holder. Also while at the Department of Justice, the American Inns of Court selected Barker to visit London and study English law as one of two annual Pegasus Scholars. From 2011 to 2015, Barker practiced commercial and intellectual property law at Yetter Coleman LLP in Texas, where he was named a partner. While at the firm, Barker was twice named to the Pro Bono College of the State Bar of Texas and was named Appellate Lawyer of the Week by Texas Lawyer magazine for helping an immigrant reverse a decision denying him asylum. From 2015 to 2019, Barker served as Deputy Solicitor General of Texas under Solicitors General Scott A. Keller and Kyle D. Hawkins, in which he helped to represent the state of Texas on appeal before federal and state courts in civil and criminal actions. For his work there, Barker twice earned a Best Brief Award from the National Association of Attorneys General. Federal judicial service On January 23, 2018, President Donald Trump nominated Barker to the seat on the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Texas vacated by Judge Leonard Davis, who retired on May 15, 2015. On May 9, 2018, a hearing on his nomination was held before the Senate Judiciary Committee. On June 7, 2018, his nomination was reported out of committee by an 11–10 vote. On January 3, 2019, his nomination was returned to the President under Rule XXXI, Paragraph 6 of the United States Senate. On January 23, 2019, President Trump announced his intent to renominate Barker for", "title": "J. Campbell Barker" }, { "docid": "4483861", "text": "Halpern v Canada (AG), [2003] O.J. No. 2268 is a June 10, 2003 decision of the Court of Appeal for Ontario in which the Court found that the common law definition of marriage, which defined marriage as between one man and one woman, violated section 15 of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms. Background The roots of the case began in December 2000 at the Metropolitan Community Church of Toronto, when pastor Brent Hawkes began issuing banns of marriage in advance of performing wedding ceremonies for two same-sex couples—Kevin Bourassa and Joe Varnell, and Anne and Elaine Vautour—on January 14, 2001. Because banns of marriage are accepted as a fully legal way to perform a marriage without the need for a city-issued marriage license, but marriages performed under either process require certification by the provincial registrar, the banns created a legal vacuum that would force a court case. Over the course of the year several other same-sex couples, among them Hedy Halpern and Colleen Rogers, and Michael Leshner and Michael Stark, joined the court challenge, which began hearings at the Ontario Superior Court in November 2001. Superior Court ruling On July 12, 2002, the Superior Court ruled that marriage rights must be extended to same-sex couples, but it suspended the ruling for a period of two years to permit the Legislative Assembly of Ontario time to comply with the ruling through the legislative process. However, as the Constitution of Canada provides that the definition of marriage is under federal jurisdiction while only the implementation is left to the provinces, the decision left the situation unclear until the government of Jean Chrétien announced on July 29 that they would appeal. Court of Appeal The Ontario Court of Appeal handed down its ruling on June 10, 2003. The unanimous Court found that the exclusion of same-sex couples was a clear violation of the Charter and moreover did not constitute a \"reasonable infringement\" under section 1. In this respect the judgment followed much of what had been ruled elsewhere. The court also held that there was to be no suspension of the remedy as it applied to the general population, and that the new definition allowing same-sex couples to marry would take effect immediately. Results Leshner and Stark became the first gay couple to be issued a marriage license after the decision, while Bourassa and Varnell and the Vautours became the first legally recognized same-sex marriages overall since their marriages were deemed legal as of the date of the original ceremonies. A few months later, however, Bourassa and Varnell were denied entry to the United States when travelling to attend a human rights conference, because the United States Customs agent refused to accept the validity of their marriage. In the next two years following the decision, courts in seven of Canada's other nine provinces and one of its three territories also legalized same-sex marriage in their jurisdictions before the Parliament of Canada passed the Civil Marriage Act in 2005. The Globe and", "title": "Halpern v Canada (AG)" }, { "docid": "66182875", "text": "Pasquantino v. United States, 544 U.S. 349 (2005), is a United States Supreme Court case in which the Court held that a plot to defraud a foreign government of tax revenue violates the federal wire fraud statute. Background Prior to 1996, Canada raised the excise tax on liquors such that Canadian excise taxes greatly exceeded comparable United States taxes. From 1996-2000, Carl and David Pasquantino purchased large amounts of liquor over the phone from discount stores in Maryland. In order to avoid paying Canadian excise tax on imported alcohol, they hired individuals to smuggle the liquor over the border by automobile. The Federal Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms, and Explosives learned about the smuggling operation and investigated, leading to the arrest of the Pasquantinos and their associates. Federal district court The smuggling operation did not violate any federal alcohol statute or any applicable anti-smuggling statute, so the Pasquantinos and one of their conspirators, Arthur Hilts, were indicted under the federal wire fraud statute, 18 U.S.C. § 1343. The statute prohibits using wires, radio, or television to conduct \"any scheme or artifice to defraud, or for obtaining money or property by means of false or fraudulent pretenses, representations, or promises.\" The statute was implicated when the Pasquantinos ordered alcohol over the phone. Before trial, the Pasquantinos and Hilts asked the court for a dismissal, claiming that the government did not have a sufficient interest in enforcing Canadian revenue laws and that the Canadian tax revenue did not constitute property under the wire fraud statute; the court denied the motion and the case went to trial. The Pasquantinos were convicted by a jury and sentenced to 57 months in prison for each of six counts, to be served concurrently, and Hilts to 21 months in prison. Canada also indicted the men for tax fraud, but had not adjudicated the claim before the U.S. criminal court made its determination. Federal appeals court The Pasquantinos and Hilts appealed to the United States Court of Appeals for the Fourth Circuit. The Fourth Circuit initially vacated the convictions in a 2-1 panel decision, deciding that the prosecutions violated the common law revenue rule. According to the Restatement (Third) of Foreign Relations Law of the United States, the \"revenue rule\" means that “[c]ourts in the United States are not required to recognize or to enforce judgments for the collection of taxes, fines, or penalties rendered by the courts of other states.” The panel reasoned that the prosecutions violated the rule because they required U.S. courts to interpret and enforce foreign revenue law. The Fourth Circuit granted a rehearing en banc, vacating the earlier ruling and reinstating the convictions by a 9-2 vote. According to the en banc court, the revenue rule was inapplicable to the prosecutions because the rule was intended only to bar enforcement of a foreign judgment in U.S. courts. The Fourth Circuit decision deepened a circuit split. The Second Circuit had held the revenue rule inapplicable, and that prosecutions for operations to defraud foreign", "title": "Pasquantino v. United States" }, { "docid": "4546086", "text": "Non-publication of legal opinions is the practice of a court issuing unpublished opinions. An unpublished opinion is a decision of a court that is not available for citation as precedent because the court deems the case to have insufficient precedential value. In the system of common law, each judicial decision becomes part of the body of law used in future decisions. However, some courts reserve certain decisions, leaving them \"unpublished\", and thus not available for citation in future cases. It has been argued that non-publication helps stem the problem of too much written material creating too little new law. Specifically, the number of federal appeals filed annually grew from 23,200 to 33,360 between 1980 and 1985, and 55,000 federal appeals were filed in 2000. Conversely, studies have shown how non-publication can distort the law. Selective publication is the legal process by which a judge or justices of a court decide whether or not a decision is to be published in a reporter. \"Unpublished\" federal appellate decisions are published in the Federal Appendix. From 2000 to 2008, the U.S. Court of Appeals for the 4th Circuit had the highest rate of non-publication (92%), and more than 85% of the decisions in the 3rd Circuit, 5th Circuit, 9th Circuit, and 11th Circuit went unpublished. Depublication is the power of a court to make a previously published order or opinion unpublished. The California Supreme Court may depublish opinions of the California Courts of Appeal. History In 1964, the Judicial Conference of the United States recommended that federal appellate courts publish only those decisions \"which are of general precedential value.\" Since 1976, every federal appellate court has adopted rules limiting the publication of opinions. Most federal appellate courts publish less than half of their decisions on the merits. As of the year 2004, some 80% of United States Courts of Appeals decisions are unpublished. In Anastasoff v. United States, the U.S. Court of Appeals for the 8th Circuit struck down non-publication, but the decision was later declared moot. In Hart v. Massanari, the U.S. Court of Appeals for the 9th Circuit upheld non-publication as constitutional. On September 20, 2005 the Judicial Conference of the United States voted to approve rule 32.1 of the Federal Rules of Appellate Procedure, allowing citation of unpublished decisions issued after January 1, 2007. Judge Samuel Anthony Alito, Jr. (since appointed to the Supreme Court of the United States) was then the chair of this committee. More than 500 public comments were received from supporters and opponents of the new rule. Controversy The issue of unpublished decisions has been described as the most controversial to be faced by the Advisory Committee on the Federal Rules of Appellate Procedure in the 1990s and 2000s. There is active debate on the fairness issues raised by non-publication, and the utility of non-publication in the light of computerization of court records. It has been argued that the behavior of judges and litigants indicates that \"unpublished\" does not mean \"unimportant\" and that technology has affected", "title": "Non-publication of legal opinions in the United States" }, { "docid": "8205654", "text": "The Whistleblower Protection Act of 1989, 5 U.S.C. 2302(b)(8)-(9), Pub.L. 101-12 as amended, is a United States federal law that protects federal whistleblowers who work for the government and report the possible existence of an activity constituting a violation of law, rules, or regulations, or mismanagement, gross waste of funds, abuse of authority or a substantial and specific danger to public health and safety. A federal agency violates the Whistleblower Protection Act if agency authorities take (or threaten to take) retaliatory personnel action against any employee or applicant because of disclosure of information by that employee or applicant. Authorized federal agencies The Office of Special Counsel investigates federal whistleblower complaints. In October 2008, then-special counsel Scott Bloch resigned amid an FBI investigation into whether he obstructed justice by illegally deleting computer files following complaints that he had retaliated against employees who disagreed with his policies. Then-Senator Barack Obama made a campaign vow to appoint a special counsel committed to whistleblower rights. It was not until April 2011 that President Obama's appointee Carolyn Lerner was confirmed by the Senate. Today, the primary mission of OSC is to safeguard the merit system by protecting federal employees and applicants from prohibited personnel practices, especially reprisal for whistleblowing. The Merit Systems Protection Board, a quasi-judicial agency that adjudicates whistleblower complaints, uses appointed administrative law judges who often back the government. Since 2000, the board has ruled for whistleblowers just three times in 56 cases decided on their merits, according to a Government Accountability Project analysis. Obama appointed a new chairperson and vice chairperson with backgrounds as federal worker advocates, but Tom Devine of GAP says, \"It's likely to take years for them to turn things around.\" Currently, this office works to protect the Merit System Principles and promote an effective Federal workforce free of Prohibited Personnel Practices. The Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit was established under Article III of the Constitution on October 1, 1982. It is the only court empowered to hear appeals of whistleblower cases decided by the merit board. The Federal Circuit has been criticized by Senator Grassley (R-Iowa) and others in Congress for misinterpreting whistleblower laws and setting a precedent that is hostile to claimants. Between 1994 and 2010, the court had ruled for whistleblowers in only three of 203 cases decided on their merits, GAP's analysis found. Legal cases The U.S. Supreme Court, in the case of Garcetti v. Ceballos, 04-473, ruled in 2006 that government employees do not have protection from retaliation by their employers under the First Amendment of the Constitution when they speak pursuant to their official job duties. The U.S. Merit Systems Protection Board (MSPB) uses agency lawyers in the place of administrative law judges to decide federal employees' whistleblower appeals. These lawyers, dubbed \"attorney examiners,\" deny 98% of whistleblower appeals; the Board and the Federal Circuit Court of Appeals give great deference to their initial decisions, resulting in affirmance rates of 97% and 98%, respectively. The most common characteristics for a court", "title": "Whistleblower Protection Act" }, { "docid": "5077750", "text": "Daugherty v. Vanguard, 116 F.Supp.2d 897 (W.D. Mich. 2000) is one of a number of United States federal cases decided in the 2000s pertaining to the scope of allowable religious expression and/or activities in public schools. In the court's summary judgment issued in September 2000, U.S. District Court Judge David McKeague ruled that Vanguard Charter Academy and its corporate parent, National Heritage Academies, did not violate the Establishment Clause of the First Amendment to the U.S. Constitution through its Moral Focus Curriculum. The case filed in the United States District Court for the Western District of Michigan-Southern Division derives its name from plaintiff Megan Daugherty and four other parents who alleged in 1998 that their children were subjected to \"Christian influences\" while the children attended Vanguard Charter School Academy in Wyoming, Michigan. Judge McKeague ruled that the allegations were unfounded and granted summary judgment to Vanguard and its parent corporation. In the court's 36-page opinion, Judge McKeague found that the school maintained a \"correct posture of neutrality\" regarding religious activities during school. The court granted the school and National Heritage Academies summary judgment, finding that the defendants \"presented no more than a scintilla of evidence to support a finding that any constitutionally impermissible conduct occurred.\" The ruling was not appealed by the defendants. The court's opinion in Daugherty v. Vanguard is consistent with the U.S. Department of Education's \"Guidelines on Constitutionally Protected Prayer in Public Elementary and Secondary Schools\". Notes Establishment Clause case law Religion and children Legal history of Michigan 2000 in United States case law", "title": "Daugherty v. Vanguard" }, { "docid": "2366154", "text": "The Legal Information Institute (LII) is a non-profit public service of Cornell Law School that provides no-cost access to current American and international legal research sources online. Founded in 1992 by Peter Martin and Tom Bruce, LII was the first law site developed on the internet. LII electronically publishes on the Web the U.S. Code, U.S. Supreme Court opinions, Uniform Commercial Code, the US Code of Federal Regulations, several Federal Rules, and a variety of other American primary law materials. LII also provides access to other national and international sources, such as treaties and United Nations materials. According to its website, the LII serves over 40 million unique visitors per year. Since its inception, the Legal Information Institute has inspired others around the world to develop namesake operations. These services are part of the Free Access to Law Movement. History LII was established in 1992 at Cornell Law School by Peter Martin and Tom Bruce with a $250,000 multi-year startup grant from the National Center for Automated Information Research. The LII was originally based on Gopher and provided access to United States Supreme Court decisions and the US Code. Its original mission included the intent to \"carry out applied research on the use of digital information technology in the distribution of legal information,...[and t]o make law more accessible.\" In the early years of LII, Bruce developed Cello the first web browser for Microsoft Windows. Cello was released on 8 June 1993. In 1994 LII moved from Gopher to the Web. Since 2007 the IRS has distributed its IRS Tax Products DVD with LII's version of 26 USC (Internal Revenue Code). LII Supreme Court Collection and LII Bulletin LII has an extensive collection of law from the Supreme Court of the United States. It hosts all Supreme Court decisions since 1990 and over 600 historic Supreme Court pre-1992 decisions in web form (by party name, by authoring justice, and by topic). The LII Supreme Court Bulletin is LII's free Supreme Court email-based subscriber and web-based publication service. The Bulletin provides subscribers with two distinct services. The first is a notification service. LII Bulletin emails subscribers with timely notification of when the US Supreme Court has handed down a decision. It also provides subscribers links to the full opinions of those cases on the LII site. The second service of LII Bulletin is a preview and analysis service for upcoming Supreme Court cases. Subscribers to the Bulletin receive legal analysis of upcoming Supreme Court cases with the intention of providing sophisticated yet accessible previews of the cases. LII selectively recruits second- and third-year students of the Cornell Law School to comprise the LII Bulletin editorial board. The Bulletin editorial board is responsible for every aspect of the journal's management, from selecting decisions for commentary to researching, writing, editing, and producing the journal content in HTML. Wex Legal Dictionary and Encyclopedia LII publishes the Wex Legal Dictionary/Encyclopedia. It is a freely available legal reference, but editing is restricted. Once vetted, and subject to", "title": "Legal Information Institute" }, { "docid": "33029723", "text": "Microsoft Corp. v. i4i Ltd. Partnership, 564 U.S. 91 (2011), was a case decided by the Supreme Court of the United States. It deals with the presumption of validity and the standard of evidence in patent lawsuits. This case in widely considered as a prime example of a frivolous lawsuit by a patent troll, underscoring the need for a reform of the US patent law. The case was a patent dispute between small Toronto-based company i4i Ltd. Partnership and Microsoft for infringement of a patent regarding custom XML encoding in Microsoft Word, a feature that was “used by only a small fraction of Microsoft’s customers”. The original lawsuit was filed in the Federal Court for the Eastern District of Texas, known for its decisions favoring patent trolls. i4i prevailed both in the district court and on appeal to the CAFC. The latter awarded i4i $200 million against Microsoft as a reasonable royalty. Under 35 U.S.C. § 282, a patent, which has been examined and issued by the USPTO is entitled to a presumption of validity in courts, and this presumption can be overcome based on clear and convincing evidence. On appeal to the SCOTUS Microsoft argued that the clear and convincing evidence standard applied by the Federal Circuit was inappropriate, and that because of the backlog of unexamined patent applications at the USPTO, patent examiners do not have adequate amount of time to examine patent applications, and therefore a preponderance of the evidence standard should be applied by courts, when patent validity is challenged. The US Supreme Court rejected Microsoft's position. Judge Sotomayor wrote: \"Congress has amended the patent laws to account for concerns about 'bad' patents, including by expanding the reexamination process to provide for inter partes proceedings. Through it all the evidentiary standard adopted in §282 has gone untouched.\" The courts also issued and confirmed a permanent injunction against Microsoft. The disputed feature has been removed from Word since. References External links United States Supreme Court cases United States patent case law 2011 in United States case law Discovery and invention controversies Software patent case law United States Supreme Court cases of the Roberts Court", "title": "Microsoft Corp. v. i4i Ltd. Partnership" }, { "docid": "38802935", "text": "Headley et al. v. Church of Scientology International et al. was a court case filed in 2009 by Claire and Marc Headley against the Church of Scientology International alleging that the organization had violated laws against human trafficking and violated their human rights during their time of employment in the Sea Org. The Federal District Court decided that ministerial exemption protected the Church of Scientology from litigation and dismissed the case. The Headleys appealed. In 2012, the United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit affirmed the lower court's dismissal; it did not address the Constitutional issues of the trafficking and abuse claims (as had the lower court), but said that there was insufficient evidence that the Headley's had been obtained by \"serious harm, threats or other improper methods.\" History In 2009, Marc and Claire Headley sued the Church under the federal Victims of Trafficking and Violence Protection Act of 2000. In response, Church lawyers argued that the First Amendment prohibited the courts from considering \"a forced labor claim premised upon ... social and psychological factors\", because they concern \"the beliefs, the religious upbringing, the religious training, the religious practices, the religious lifestyle restraints of a religious order.\" Ruling The Church acknowledged that the rules under which the Headleys lived included a ban on having children, censored mail, monitored phone calls, needing permission to have Internet access and being disciplined through manual labor. The U.S. 9th Circuit Court of Appeals noted in a ruling given in July 2012 that Marc Headley had been made to clean human excrement by hand from an aeration pond on the compound with no protective equipment, while Claire Headley was banned from the dining hall for up to eight months in 2002. She lost as a result of subsisting on protein bars and water. In addition, she had two abortions to comply with the Sea Org's no-children policy. The Headleys also experienced physical violence from Scientology executives and saw others being treated violently. The court found that the church enjoyed the protection of the free exercise of religion clause in the First Amendment, and that the \"ministerial exemptions\" in employment law prevented the government from interfering in the treatment of its ministers. The judge ruled that the First Amendment disallowed the courts from \"examining church operations rooted in religious scripture\". Bringing the Church to account for how it disciplined its members was \"precisely the type of entanglement that the religion clauses prohibit.\" In dismissing Headley's claims, the court further ordered Headley to pay the Church's costs for the action. Headley took the case to the US Court of Appeals, but the 9th Circuit agreed with the judgment of the lower court, though by a shorter route. The Court cited evidence that showed Headleys were fully informed of the requirements of the Sea Org, had multiple opportunities to leave and did not, and had no problem leaving when they did. The Court suggested that other claims might have withstood appellate review, had the Headleys brought", "title": "Headley v. Church of Scientology International" }, { "docid": "59239117", "text": "Initiative 1639 was a Washington state ballot initiative concerning firearms regulation that was passed into law on November 6, 2018. The initiative altered the gun laws in Washington by defining the term \"semiautomatic assault rifle\" to include all semiautomatic rifles, raising the minimum age for purchasing semiautomatic rifles from 18 to 21. It also imposes a 10-day waiting period before being allowed to claim a rifle from a firearms dealer, and expanded background checks to include medical records requiring a waiver of HIPAA rights. (28) Scope and impact Initiative 1639 was passed into law by a vote of 59 percent to 41 percent in a public referendum that took place on November 6, 2018. The initiative concerned the regulation of firearms and made several amendments to state law: the minimum age of purchase of semiautomatic rifles was raised from 18 to 21, the extent of mandatory background checks for semiautomatic weapons purchasers was expanded, and requirements for home storage of firearms were established. The restrictions created by the legislation did not extend to single-shot or bolt-action rifles and the new regulations generally mirrored those already in place for handguns. According to The Seattle Times it was the most \"ambitious\" gun control legislation in the history of the state. The increased age limit for \"semiautomatic assault firearm\" purchases went into effect on January 1, 2019, but the provision defining such firearms did not go into effect until July 1, 2019, along with other provisions of the law. Campaign The petition drive to place the initiative on the 2018 general election ballot raised $5.3 million, with funding coming from Microsoft co-founder Paul Allen, former Microsoft CEO Steve Ballmer, and others. The proposed initiative was also supported by state Attorney General Bob Ferguson, who had previously proposed a statewide ban on semi-automatic rifles in response to the 2016 Mukilteo shooting. The National Rifle Association and other groups opposed to the measure raised approximately $600,000 to campaign against it. Questions about whether the form of the petitions submitted by initiative backers complied with state law resulted in the measure being temporarily blocked from the ballot by order of the Thurston County Superior Court, though a subsequent ruling by the Washington State Supreme Court quashed the lower court injunction. Results Initiative Measure 1639 passed with 59.35% voting Yes and 40.65% voting No, with 1,839,475 Yes votes and 1,259,681 No votes, out of a total of 3,099,156 votes cast. Legal challenges Lawsuit A lawsuit seeking to have the law overturned has been filed in federal court by the National Rifle Association and the Second Amendment Foundation. In August 2020, this challenge was dismissed in Federal court. As of August 31, 2020, this challenge has been handed over to the 9th Circuit Court of Appeals. Enforcement refusals Background The Revised Code of Washington establishes the state's 39 sheriffs as the \"chief executive officer and conservator of the peace\" of their respective counties and charges each to \"keep and preserve the peace in their respective counties, and quiet", "title": "2018 Washington Initiative 1639" }, { "docid": "970189", "text": "Michigan v. Long, 463 U.S. 1032 (1983), was a decision by the United States Supreme Court that extended Terry v. Ohio, to allow searches of car compartments during a stop with reasonable suspicion. The case also clarified and narrowed the extent of adequate and independent state ground, allowing U.S. Supreme Court review of state supreme court decisions unless they explicitly appealed to state laws. Background David Long was questioned by police after driving his car off a road and into a shallow ditch in Barry County, Michigan. Officers said he acted erratically and that he, \"appeared to be under the influence of something.\" Noticing a hunting knife on the floor of the car, they conducted a \"Terry\" protective patdown (named after Terry v. Ohio), but they turned up no weapons. They then conducted a \"protective search\" of the car with the same justification: searching for weapons. Inside the car, police found an exposed bag of marijuana. In the trunk they found approximately more, and Long was arrested for drug possession. Procedural history Long argued during his trial that the evidence found in his car should be suppressed because the search was unconstitutional. The same argument was advanced during his appeal to the Michigan Court of Appeals. In each case, the court ruled against suppressing the evidence. However, the Michigan Supreme Court reversed these rulings. Relying largely on federal precedent, especially Terry v. Ohio, the Supreme Court ruled that the \"protective search\" violated the Fourth Amendment, and thus the \"poisonous fruit\" of the illegal search must be discarded. Additionally, the Michigan Supreme Court grounded its decision on article 1, section 11 of the Michigan Constitution. It argued that the search violated both federal and state constitutions, suggesting that if the federal ruling was overturned the presumably more rigorous ruling from the Michigan Constitution would survive. Precedent from Murdock v. City of Memphis, 87 U.S. 590 (1874) and other cases established that the U.S. Supreme Court could not review state cases if there was adequate and independent state ground. That is, state supreme courts are the last word on interpreting state constitutions and laws. The Supreme Court, however, found that the lower court's opinion did not indicate that its decision rested on grounds in any way independent from its interpretation of federal law. Apart from two citations to the Michigan Constitution, the state court relied exclusively on its understanding of federal law. Decision The Supreme Court not only ruled that Michigan misapplied Terry v. Ohio and the Fourth Amendment but also ruled that Long had insufficient adequate and independent state ground. O'Connor, a former judge on the Arizona Court of Appeals, affirmed the doctrine of independent state ground, but wrote that the Michigan Supreme Court adjudicated almost exclusively from federal law. Thus, the Court \"accept[ed] as the most reasonable explanation that the state court decided the case the way it did because it believed that Federal law required it so.\" Essentially, the Supreme Court presumed the state decision rested on federal grounds.", "title": "Michigan v. Long" }, { "docid": "1129642", "text": "Small v. United States, 544 U.S. 385 (2005), was a decision by the Supreme Court of the United States involving 18 U.S.C. § 922(g)(1), which makes it illegal to possess a firearm for individuals previously \"convicted in any court\" of crimes for which they could have been sentenced to more than one year in prison. The Court ruled, in a five to three decision, that \"any court\" does not include those in foreign countries. This decision resolved a circuit split on the issue, and reversed the lower ruling of the Third Circuit that the law did apply to foreign convictions. Background In December 1992, Gary Sherwood Small was arrested for an apparent (and disputed) attempt to recover a water heater from Naha Airport in Okinawa, Japan. According to Japanese authorities, the water heater contained several pistols, a rifle, and ammunition. Small was convicted on 17 April 1994 by a Japanese court for violating the Japanese Act Controlling the Possession of Firearms and Swords, the Gunpowder Control Act, and the Customs Act, all of which were felonies (that is, offenses punishable by a term of imprisonment exceeding one year). Small was sentenced to five years in a Japanese prison, but was paroled in November 1996. His parole ended on 26 May 1998. On 2 June 1998, shortly after his Japanese parole ended, Small purchased a handgun from the Delmont Sport Shop, a firearms dealer in the community where he resided. During the purchase process, Small filled out a form required by the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms, and Explosives (ATF). One of the questions on the form was \"Have you ever been convicted in any court of a crime for which the judge could have imprisoned you for more than one year, even if the judge actually gave you a shorter sentence?\" Small answered \"no\" to this question. In 2000, during a routine check of gun purchases from firearms dealers, the ATF discovered that Small, who had served a prison sentence in Japan, had purchased a handgun in Pennsylvania. When they searched his apartment they found another gun and ammunition. According to the government, because Small had been convicted in Japan in 1994, when he purchased the handgun at the Delmont Sport Shop he violated Title 18 United States Code § 922(g)(1), which makes it unlawful: (g) . . . for any person (1) who has been convicted in any court of a crime punishable by imprisonment for a term exceeding one year: . . . to possess in or affecting commerce, any firearm. Prior legal history District Court On 30 August 2000, a federal grand jury in the United States District Court for the Western District of Pennsylvania indicted Small on four counts: one count of making a false statement to a federally licensed firearms dealer; one count of possession of ammunition by a convicted felon; and two counts of possession of a firearm by a convicted felon. Upon his indictment, Small filed to have the case dismissed, arguing that", "title": "Small v. United States" }, { "docid": "12829084", "text": "Barbarians Led by Bill Gates: Microsoft from the Inside is a book that was jointly written by Jennifer Edstrom and Marlin Eller, an American programmer who was a manager and a software developer at Microsoft Corporation from 1982 to 1995, and development lead for the Graphics Device Interface (GDI) of Windows 1.0 and also for Pen Windows. Written as a third-person account of Eller's experiences at Microsoft, it goes into detail about the early years of Microsoft and its emergence as a massive corporation. Two chapters of the book deal specifically with the business contacts between Microsoft and GO Corporation. In April 2008, as part of a larger federal court case, the gesture features of the Windows/Tablet PC operating system and hardware were found to infringe on a patent by GO Corp. concerning gesture interfaces in operating systems for portable computers. References External links The first chapter of Barbarians Led by Bill Gates at washingtonpost.com 1998 non-fiction books Books about computer and internet entrepreneurs History of Microsoft", "title": "Barbarians Led by Bill Gates" }, { "docid": "10844026", "text": "Scott Masters (1934?–2020) was an American gay pornographic film director and studio owner active in adult film since the mid-1960s. Masters used the pseudonym \"Robert Walters\" when he directed his early films, which include Greek Lightning. when he founded Nova Studios. He later shuttered Nova Studio and became head of production at Catalina Video. In 1992, he co-founded gay adult film studio Studio 2000. In 2006, Masters sold Studio 2000 to former Falcon Entertainment consultant David McKay. Early years Masters grew up in Illinois, and later attended college. Masters came to San Francisco, California, from Chicago in 1966. Many of the bookstores (including gay and adult bookstores) which he visited were openly selling gay pornography. He established a small business purchasing gay pornographic magazines for area booksellers. He began selling nude male photosets from such notable photographers of the male nude as Bruce Bellas (\"Bruce of L.A.\"), as well as softcore nude films from Athletic Model Guild. In late 1967, he formed a partnership with Reuben Sturman to print and distribute one-off magazines featuring the work of Kundzicz. The first magazine was Champions All, published in the spring of 1968. Moving full-time to San Francisco from Chicago, Masters took up work as a full-time bookkeeper at a printing company. He began taking photographs of nude men on the side to supply his magazines with images. Although the U.S. Supreme Court had ruled that images of the male nude were not obscene in MANual Enterprises v. Day 370 U.S. 478 in 1962, U.S. postal inspectors still considered the tumescent and erect penis obscene under then-current interpretations of American federal postal and obscenity law and court rulings. Nevertheless, Masters took hardcore as well as softcore images, and images of solo, duo and group sex. In 1969, Masters began producing hardcore gay male nude magazines. The Supreme Court had further liberalized the standards for obscenity in Redrup v. New York, 386 U.S. 767 (1967), and several lower-court rulings had significantly undercut the ability of state and federal authorities to seize even materials which depicted hardcore sexual activity between individuals of the same gender. The first such magazine was Hard?. By the end of the year, Masters was producing as many as six magazines a month. In 1970, Masters produced his first film, Drilled Deep. It was a \"loop\" (an 8mm Short film, roughly 200 feet in length, designed to run over and over in peep shows). To distribute his hardcore films, Masters established his first adult film studio, named The Stephens Agency. Masters closed the distribution business in 1972 because it was unprofitable. That same year, Masters was prosecuted in Texas for obscenity. He pleaded guilty. He received a one-year suspended sentence, three years of probation, and a fine. After his sentencing, Masters cut back on the number of brochures, magazines and loops he produced but did not exit the adult film industry. By 1976, however, Masters had directed more than 100 loops. Feature film career In 1973, Master directed his first feature-length", "title": "Scott Masters" }, { "docid": "337522", "text": "Eolas (, meaning \"Knowledge\"; bacronym: \"Embedded Objects Linked Across Systems\") is a United States technology firm formed as a spin-off from the University of California, San Francisco (UCSF), in order to commercialize UCSF's patents for work done there by Eolas' co-founders, as part of the Visible Embryo Project. The company was founded in 1994 by Dr. Michael Doyle, Rachelle Tunik, David Martin, and Cheong Ang from the UCSF Center for Knowledge Management (CKM). The company was created at the request of UCSF, and was founded by the inventors of the university's patents. In addition to the work done while at UCSF, Dr. Doyle has led work at Eolas to create new technologies ranging from Spatial Genomics/Spatial transcriptomics, Code signing, transient-key cryptography, and blockchain to mobile AI assistants and automated audio conversation annotation. The University of California, San Francisco CKM team created an advanced early web browser that supported plugins, streaming media, and cloud computing, which could provide seamless access to potentially-unlimited remote high-performance computational capabilities. They demonstrated it at Xerox PARC, in November 1993, at the second Bay Area SIGWEB meeting. The claim that the plug-in/applet functionality was an innovation, advanced to justify their patent application, has been contested by Pei-Yuan Wei, who developed the earlier Viola browser, which added scripted-app capabilities in 1992, a claim supported by inventor of the WWW Sir Tim Berners-Lee and other Web pioneers. Given only a short time to prepare, Wei was only able to demonstrate Viola's equivalent capabilities for local rather than remote files at the 2003 Eolas v. Microsoft trial, and thus fell short of proving prior art to the trial court's satisfaction. The case with Microsoft over patent 5,838,906 was settled in 2007 for a confidential amount of money after an initial $565 million judgment was stayed on appeal, but the University of California disclosed its piece of the final settlement as $30.4 million. In 2009 Eolas sued numerous other companies over patent number 7,599,985 in the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Texas. As of June 2011, a number of these companies, including Texas Instruments, Oracle and JPMorgan Chase, had signed licensing deals with Eolas, while the company continued to seek licenses from others. In February 2012, an eight-person jury in the Eastern District of Texas invalidated some of the claims in the ’906 and ’985 patents, and in July 2012, Judge Leonard Davis ruled against Eolas. One year later, moreover, the US Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit sustained that ruling. However, after a new patent covering cloud computing on the Web was granted to Eolas in November 2015, Eolas filed a new lawsuit against Google, Amazon and Walmart, which is currently underway in the Northern District of California. Products In September 1995, the founders of Eolas released WebRouser, an advanced Web browser based on Mosaic that implemented plugins, client-side image maps, web-page-defined browser buttons and menus, embedded streaming media, and cloud computing capabilities. In 2005, Eolas released 'Muse', a \"multimedia doodling application,\" which it", "title": "Eolas" }, { "docid": "24455215", "text": "Netscape Communications Corp. v. Konrad, 295 F.3d 1315 (Fed. Cir. 2002), was a decision of the United States Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit. It affirmed that public use or commercialization of an invention more than one year prior to the filing date will cost the inventor his patent rights (see also ). The inventor in this case was Allan M. Konrad, a Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory employee who devised and implemented a method for accessing and searching data objects stored on a remote computer (U.S. patents 5,544,320; 5,696,901; 5,974,444). Netscape moved to invalidate Konrad's patents in U.S. district court immediately after Konrad filed a patent infringement suit against Netscape customers. The district court concluded that Konrad's patents were invalid because they did not meet the public-use and on-sale bar eligibility criteria of . In particular, the district court found that Konrad (1) placed his invention in the public domain by demonstrating it to others without a confidentiality agreement and (2) tried to sell it to other legal entities, both more than one year before he filed for the patent. The appeals court, upon review, affirmed the district court decision for the same reasons. Background Alan M. Konrad owns U.S patents 5,544,320; 5,696,901; 5,974,444; all concerning a system for accessing and searching a database residing on a remote computer. On February 8, 2000, Konrad filed a patent infringement suit in U.S. District Court for the Eastern District of Texas against thirty-nine customers of Netscape Communications Corp., including Microsoft Corp. and America Online, Inc. Netscape, acting in the interest of its customer relationships, asked the U.S. District Court for the Northern District of California to invalidate Konrad's patents via a declaratory judgment. Netscape argued that Konrad's system was in public use and on-sale before Jan. 8, 1992—exactly one year before he filed the first patent for this invention. According to , a patent is valid unless \"the invention was patented or described in a printed publication in this or a foreign country or in public use or on sale in this country, more than one year prior to the date of the application for patent in the United States\". Netscape prevailed in its argument; the district court judged the patent to be invalid on June 18, 2001. Konrad then appealed the decision to the U.S Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit. Facts Konrad began his employment at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL) in 1977. On September 8, 1990, Konrad tested a method for searching a database residing on a remote computer. Shortly thereafter, Konrad disclosed his invention to LBNL's patent office (October 1990), but filed for the first of his three patents only on January 8, 1993, thus establishing a January 8, 1992 (i.e., one year prior) bar date for public use and sale under . In the time between the first successful test and bar date, Konrad demonstrated his invention to University of California computing personnel without having them execute a confidentiality agreement, and offered to adapt his", "title": "Netscape Communications Corp. v. Konrad" }, { "docid": "4529105", "text": "Gonzales v. Carhart, 550 U.S. 124 (2007), was a landmark decision of the U.S. Supreme Court that upheld the Partial-Birth Abortion Ban Act of 2003. The case reached the high court after U.S. Attorney General, Alberto Gonzales, appealed a ruling of the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Eighth Circuit in favor of LeRoy Carhart that struck down the Act. Also before the Supreme Court was the consolidated appeal of Gonzales v. Planned Parenthood from the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit, whose ruling had the same effect as that of the Eighth Circuit. The Supreme Court's decision upheld Congress's ban and held that it did not impose an undue burden on the due process right of women to obtain an abortion, \"under precedents we here assume to be controlling\", such as the Court's prior decisions in Roe v. Wade and Planned Parenthood v. Casey. In a legal sense, the case distinguished but did not overrule Stenberg v. Carhart (2000), in which the Court dealt with related issues. Gonzales was widely interpreted as signaling a shift in Supreme Court jurisprudence toward a restriction of abortion rights, occasioned in part by the retirement of Sandra Day O'Connor and her replacement by Samuel Alito. The Court found that there is \"uncertainty [in the medical community] over whether the barred procedure is ever necessary to preserve a woman's health\", and in the past the Court \"has given state and federal legislatures wide discretion to pass legislation in areas where there is medical and scientific uncertainty.\" History of case The Partial-Birth Abortion Ban Act was signed into law by President George W. Bush on November 5, 2003. It was found unconstitutional in the U.S. District Courts for the Northern District of California, the Southern District of New York, and the District of Nebraska. The federal government appealed the district court rulings, first bringing Carhart v. Gonzales before a three-judge panel of the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Eighth Circuit. The panel unanimously affirmed the ruling of the Nebraska court on July 8, 2005. Finding that the government offered no \"new evidence which would serve to distinguish this record from the record reviewed by the Supreme Court in Stenberg,\" they held that the Partial-Birth Abortion Ban Act was unconstitutional because it lacked an exception for the health of the woman. Attorney General Gonzales petitioned the U.S. Supreme Court to review the Eighth Circuit decision on September 25, 2005. Meanwhile, the Ninth Circuit also found the law unconstitutional, as did the Second Circuit (with a dissent), issuing their opinions on January 31, 2006. The Supreme Court agreed to hear the Carhart case on February 21, 2006, and agreed to hear the companion Planned Parenthood case on June 19, 2006. Oral arguments Oral arguments in this case (as well as its companion case) occurred on November 7, 2006. U.S. Solicitor General Paul Clement, presented arguments for the United States, and Priscilla J. Smith presented arguments for Dr. Carhart et al. Solicitor General Clement also", "title": "Gonzales v. Carhart" }, { "docid": "12664342", "text": "Rudi Milton Brewster (May 8, 1932 – September 7, 2012) was a United States district judge of the United States District Court for the Southern District of California, best known for 2006 ruling in a patent infringements suit against Microsoft tied to the licensing of the MP3 format. Education and career Born in Sioux Falls, South Dakota, Brewster received an A.B. from the Woodrow Wilson School of Public and International Affairs at Princeton University in 1954 after completing a 130-page long senior thesis titled \"The Economic Section, Antitrust Division: Analysis of Purposes and Functions.\" While a student at Princeton, Brewster was a member of the Navy ROTC program. He served in the United States Navy as an aviator from 1954 to 1957, and thereafter attended Stanford Law School while in the United States Naval Reserve. He earned a Juris Doctor from Stanford Law School in 1960, and went into private practice in San Diego, California, at the law firm of Gray, Cary, Ames & Frye (now a part of DLA Piper). He left the Naval Reserve in 1981. Federal judicial service On May 24, 1984, President Ronald Reagan nominated Brewster to the United States District Court for the Southern District of California, to a seat vacated by Judge Howard B. Turrentine. He was confirmed by the United States Senate on June 15, 1984, and received commission the same day. He took his oath of office on June 29, 1984. He assumed senior status on July 1, 1998, serving in that status until his death of complications of pneumonia on September 7, 2012, in La Jolla, California. Notable cases Brewster tossed out a February 2006 ruling against Microsoft for patent infringements tied to the licensing of the MP3 format, worth $1.5 billion. He also ruled in United States v. Bauer. Memberships and other service Brewster held a fellowship with the American College of Trial Lawyers, was an associate of the American Board of Trial Advocates and served as president and chancellor: Louis M. Welsh Inn of Court. He was also a member of the J. Clifford Wallace Inn of Court. References Sources External links Microsoft ruling Microsoft Off The Hook In $1.5 Billion Patent Suit Judge overturns $1.5-bn ruling against Microsoft Microsoft Avoids Paying $1.5 Billion To Alcatel-Lucent, For Now Microsoft sees $1.5bn verdict chucked out People from Sioux Falls, South Dakota Princeton School of Public and International Affairs alumni Stanford Law School alumni Judges of the United States District Court for the Southern District of California United States district court judges appointed by Ronald Reagan 20th-century American judges American aviators 1932 births 2012 deaths", "title": "Rudi M. Brewster" }, { "docid": "58945140", "text": "The Joint Enterprise Defense Infrastructure (JEDI) contract was a large United States Department of Defense cloud computing contract which has been reported as being worth $10 billion over ten years. JEDI was meant to be a commercial off-the-shelf (COTS) implementation of existing technology, while providing economies of scale to DoD. Controversy Companies interested in the contract included Amazon, Google, Microsoft and Oracle. After protests from Google employees, Google decided to drop out of contention for the contract because of conflict with its corporate values. The deal was considered \"gift-wrapped for Amazon\" until Oracle (co-chaired by Safra Catz) contested the contract, citing the National Defense Authorization Act over IDIQ contracts and the conflicts of interest from Deap Ubhi, who worked for Amazon both before and after his time in the Department of Defense. This led Eric G. Bruggink, senior judge of the United States Court of Federal Claims, to place the contract award on hold. In August 2019, weeks before the winner was expected to be announced, President Donald Trump ordered the contract placed on hold again for Defense Secretary Mark Esper to investigate complaints of favoritism towards Amazon. In October 2019, it was announced that the contract was awarded to Microsoft. Media has noted Trump's dislike towards Amazon's founder, Jeff Bezos, owner of the Washington Post, a newspaper critical of Trump. According to Bezos, Trump \"used his power to 'screw Amazon' out of the JEDI Contract\". The JEDI contract was awarded to Microsoft on October 25, 2019, the DoD announced, but AWS filed documents with the Court of Federal Claims on November 22, 2019 challenging the award; its legal strategy included calling Trump to testify. A federal judge, Patricia Campbell-Smith, halted Microsoft's work on the project on February 13, 2020, a day before the system was scheduled to go live, awaiting a resolution in Amazon's suit. She said that Amazon's claims are reasonable and \"is likely to succeed on the merits of its argument that the DOD improperly evaluated\" Microsoft's offer. As a result, the DOD was forced by a federal judge to reopen bidding for the contract. In the wake of that reopening, Amazon has filed additional protests related to modifications which have been made to selected sections of the contract. Recent DOD legal filings have stated that the final award of the contract cannot take place until at least August 17, and may yet be delayed beyond that date as well. On September 4, 2020, the Department of Defense reaffirmed that Microsoft won the JEDI Cloud contract after the reevaluation of the proposal, stating that Microsoft's proposal continues to represent the best value to the government. DISA/CCPO (Defense Information Systems Agency/Cloud Computing Program Office) had not yet begun work, as of May 29, 2021, while Microsoft continued to mark time before an implementation. In the meantime the several departments (Army, Navy, Air Force) are using their previous infrastructures to meet their several internal time lines, respectively. Cancellation and JWCC The JEDI contract with Microsoft was cancelled on July", "title": "Joint Enterprise Defense Infrastructure" }, { "docid": "6636272", "text": "In 2002, Sony and Microsoft were sued by Immersion for patent infringement for the use of vibration functions in their gaming controllers. Specifically, they were accused of infringing on claims in and (filed 2000 and 2001 as extensions of , itself filed 1998, all \"Tactile feedback man-machine interface device\"). Both patents were continuation applications of a patent application originally filed in November 1995. Nintendo was not involved in the case, as the technology used in the Rumble Pak and GameCube controller (and, subsequently, the Wii Remote) is based on a different design, for which Nintendo holds the patents and based on a Japan patent application filed on October 9, 1995. While Microsoft settled out of court, purchasing a 10 percent share in Immersion, Sony continued to defend the case. Immersion's lead attorney in this case was Morgan Chu. The defense centered on a force feedback controller patent which Sony licensed from Logitech during 1998. Sony lost, with the jury awarding Immersion $82 million for the seven years that the DualShock controller had been on the market, which with the judge's addition of pre-judgment interest and costs, totalled $90.7 million. In addition, the judgment required Sony to suspend the sale of all controllers containing Immersion-patented technology, including all PlayStation and PlayStation 2 console packages. Sony appealed this decision and has been able to sell its products while the appeal was being heard. On March 8, 2006, Sony lost the appeal at the US District Court level and subsequently appealed to the US Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit. The order to halt sales of the infringing controllers was again stayed pending the outcome of the appeal. At E3 2006, Sony announced that vibration functionality would be removed from the PlayStation 3 controller, reasoning that the vibration would interfere with the motion-sensing feature of the controller. It has been speculated that the removal of vibration is related to the lawsuit, and Immersion President Victor Viegas has been dismissive of Sony's stated rationale. On March 1, 2007, Sony Computer Entertainment and Immersion Corporation announced that both companies have agreed to end their patent litigation, and have entered a business agreement to \"explore the inclusion of Immersion technology in PlayStation format products.\" As part of the agreement reached between the two companies, Immersion will receive the full amount dictated by the District Court, which with interest is stated to total $97.2 million, in addition to royalties. On top of the $30.6 million in compulsory license fees which Sony had paid Immersion over the previous two years, Sony will make 12 more licensing payments through the end of 2009 totaling $22.5 million, during which other royalties may also be paid. The agreement also provides Sony with new rights with respect to Immersion's patents. References External links Immerson company website 2006 in United States case law United States District Court for the Northern District of California cases United States patent case law Sony litigation Microsoft litigation Video game case law", "title": "Immersion v. Sony" }, { "docid": "50691191", "text": "Enfish, LLC v. Microsoft Corp., 822 F.3d 1327 (Fed. Cir. 2016), is a 2016 decision of the United States Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit in which the court, for the second time since the United States Supreme Court decision in Alice Corp. v. CLS Bank upheld the patent–eligibility of software patent claims. The Federal Circuit reversed the district court's summary judgment ruling that all claims were patent–ineligible abstract ideas under Alice. Instead, the claims were directed to a specific improvement to the way computers operate, embodied in the claimed \"self-referential table\" for a database, which the relevant prior art did not contain. Background Enfish, LLC and Microsoft Corp. develop and sell software database products. Enfish received U.S. Patents 6,151,604 ('604 patent) and 6,163,775 ('775 patent) in late 2000, which both claim a logical model for a computer database. A logical model is a system for a computer database that explains how the various elements of information in the database are related to one another. Contrary to conventional logical models, Enfish's logical model includes all data entities in a single table, with column definitions provided by rows in that same table. The patents describe this as the \"self-referential\" property of the database. In a standard, conventional relational database, each entity (i.e., each type of thing) that is modeled is provided in a separate table. For instance, a relational model for a corporate file repository might include the following tables: document table, person table, and company table. The document table might contain information about stored documents, the person table might contain information about authors of the documents, and the company table might contain information about the companies that employ the persons. In contrast, Enfish's patents describe a table structure that allows the information that would normally appear in several different tables to be stored in a single table. The columns are defined by rows in the same table. Enfish's patents assert that the self-referential arrangement has several advantages: faster look-ups, more efficient storage of data other than structured text, no requirement to model each thing in the database as a separate table, and thus the ability to be \"configured on-the-fly.\" A representative claim 17 of the '604 patent claims: A data storage and retrieval system for a computer memory, comprising: means for configuring said memory according to a logical table, said logical table including: a plurality of logical rows, each said logical row including an object identification number (OID) to identify each said logical row, each said logical row corresponding to a record of information; a plurality of logical columns intersecting said plurality of logical rows to define a plurality of logical cells, each said logical column including an OID to identify each said logical column; and means for indexing data stored in said table. Ruling of district court The district court (Pfaelzer, J.) held that the fact that the patents claim a \"logical table\" demonstrated abstractness, since '[t]he term 'logical table' refers to a logical data structure, as opposed", "title": "Enfish, LLC v. Microsoft Corp." }, { "docid": "1251426", "text": "Microsoft Research Maps (MSR Maps) was a free online repository of public domain aerial imagery and topographic maps provided by the United States Geological Survey (USGS). The site was a collaboration between Microsoft Research (MSR), Bing Maps, and the USGS. It was in operation from June 1998 to March 2016. It had 30,000 to 50,000 visitors per day as of January 2010. The site was renamed in 2010, prior to which it had been known as TerraServer-USA (formerly Microsoft TerraServer). The site had black and white USGS aerial photographs of approximately 97% of the United States. In 2000, the USGS launched the new Urban Areas program, which will ultimately take high-resolution color aerial photographs of about 100 major American cities. MSR Maps had Urban Areas data for 40 cities. Microsoft had announced that the MSR Maps web site was going to permanently close on May 1, 2012, but later changed that decision based on requests from users of the site. As of March 2016 the site is no longer available. History Though it was online as early as December 1997, the site was formally unveiled June 24, 1998, as part of an 18-month agreement between Microsoft, Compaq, and Aerial Images of Raleigh, North Carolina. It was created as a demonstration system to advertise the scalability of Microsoft's Windows NT Server and SQL Server, and used images from the United States Geological Survey (USGS) and Sovinformsputnik (the Russian Federal Space Agency). TerraServer was the brainchild of the Turing Award-winning researcher on database systems, Jim Gray. Before his death, Gray continued this work, developing Microsoft Virtual Earth and began a similar project that would become the Worldwide Telescope. In January 2000, Microsoft and Aerial Images, now TerraServer.com, Inc., split their operations, creating two parallel TerraServer websites. The dualism caused confusion among web surfers until the Microsoft name change in 2010. TerraServer.com, Inc., which owns the trademark TERRASERVER, filed a lawsuit in 2008 in North Carolina federal court, seeking monetary damages and asking that Microsoft be stopped from using the TerraServer trademark. The TerraServer name was a play on words, with Terra referring to the 'earth' or 'land' and also to the terabytes of images stored on the site. See also Terraserver.com The National Map References External links MSRMaps.com Aerial photography Microsoft Bing Geographical technology Microsoft Research Microsoft websites Public domain databases Web Map Services", "title": "Microsoft Research Maps" }, { "docid": "22647587", "text": "Geier v. American Honda Motor Company, 529 U.S. 861 (2000), was a United States Supreme Court case in which the Court held that a federal automobile safety standard pre-empted a stricter state rule. The Court held that Alexis Geier, who suffered severe injuries in a 1987 Honda Accord, could not sue Honda for failing to install a driver-side airbag – a requirement under District of Columbia tort law but not Federal law – because Federal law pre-empted the District's rule. Background Alexis Geier suffered severe injuries in a 1987 Honda Accord that did not possess a driver's side airbag. Geier and her family sought damages under the District of Columbia tort law \"claiming that American Honda Motor Company was negligent in not equipping the Accord with a driver's side airbag.\" The District Court ruled in favor of Honda finding that \"Geier's claims were expressly pre-empted by the Act.\" and created a conflict because the safety features of the 1987 Honda Accord were in compliance with Federal Vehicle Safety Standard (FMVSS) 208, under the National Traffic and Motor Vehicle Safety Act of 1966. The United States Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit affirmed. Decision of the Supreme Court Justice Stephen G. Breyer delivered the Court's 5–4 decision, which held: \"[Geier's] 'no airbag' lawsuit conflicts with the objectives of FMVSS 208 and is therefore pre-empted by the Act.\" The dissent challenged the majority's \"unprecedented use of inferences from regulatory history and commentary as a basis for implied pre-emption.\" See also Honda Motor Company v. Oberg List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 529 References Further reading Suing the Tobacco and Lead Pigment Industries: Government Litigation as Public Health Prescription by Donald G. Gifford. Ann Arbor, University of Michigan Press, 2010. External links United States Supreme Court cases United States Supreme Court cases of the Rehnquist Court 2000 in United States case law Airbags Honda Product liability case law", "title": "Geier v. American Honda Motor Co." }, { "docid": "40811776", "text": "United States v. Vampire Nation, 451 F.3d 189, is a 2006 decision of the United States Court of Appeals for the Third Circuit regarding the Federal Sentencing Guidelines and asset forfeiture. A three-judge panel unanimously affirmed the conviction and sentence of Frederick Banks, a Pittsburgh man, on numerous felony charges resulting from fraudulent schemes carried out over the Internet. The case takes its title, which has been singled out as memorable and included among lists of amusingly titled cases, from one of Banks' aliases, an electronic music group of which he was the sole regular member. He had filed the appeal under that name while representing himself. Banks had been offering discounted versions of Microsoft software online under different names as an Amazon.com reseller. His products were either pirated or deficient, costing some customers thousands of dollars, and eventually one complained to the FBI, who arrested Banks after a short investigation. At trial a jury convicted him of mail fraud, criminal copyright infringement and several other charges. The judge sentenced Banks to five years in prison, varying the sentence upward by three months from the maximum range specified by the sentencing guidelines. An in personam criminal forfeiture judgment was also entered against him. Banks appealed to the Third Circuit, citing those among seven possible grounds for reversing the conviction. Foremost among them, he argued that notice of the possibility of variance was required prior to the sentencing and that the district court lacked the statutory authority to order the criminal forfeiture. Judge Franklin Van Antwerpen wrote for the panel, which ruled for the government on all the issues. Other circuits had ruled on the variance issue, and he joined four of them in holding that Federal Rule of Criminal Procedure 32(h), which required a court to notify lawyers in advance of a contemplated departure, did not impose the same requirement on a variance. The forfeiture was likewise permitted since the mail fraud statute provided for civil forfeiture and, while it explicitly provided for criminal forfeiture only in cases where a financial institution was victimized, he did not find that Congress intended to limit it only to those cases via \"a chain of cross-references.\" Investigation and prosecution Under the names Rick Burgess and John Cain, Banks started offering Microsoft software for resale on Amazon.com in 2002. Amazon's policy, which Banks was made aware of when he opened the account, required that all such products offered for sale through the site by third parties such as himself be the full retail version, not copies or duplicates. Banks sold several copies of software over the next year. \"These buyers,\" Van Antwerpen recounted, \"suspected that the software they purchased from Banks was illegally copied because the compact discs (\"CDs\") they received from Banks contained generic white CDs with fake labels and fake package inserts.\" Some complained to Amazon, and at the beginning of the following year Amazon terminated the \"Cain and Burgess\" account for violating its policies. Banks opened a new account under the", "title": "United States v. Vampire Nation" }, { "docid": "37355646", "text": "Uniloc USA, Inc. v. Microsoft Corp., 632 F.3d 1292 (Fed. Cir. 2011), was a patent lawsuit originally filed in the U.S. District Court for the District of Rhode Island. Both Uniloc and Microsoft utilized a product registration software intended to reduce unauthorized copying of software. At the district court level, the court granted summary judgement of non-infringement by Microsoft of Uniloc's patent. The court's ruling was appealed to the United States Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit, which reversed and remanded the decision. In the remanded district court case, the jury returned a verdict of infringement, finding Microsoft's infringement to be willful, and rewarding Uniloc $388 million in damages. However the district court granted a new trial on infringement and willfulness as well as other motions following post trial motions. In response, Uniloc appealed once again. The United States Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit reversed the new trial on infringement, but affirmed that Uniloc lacked evidence to prove willfulness and granted a new trial on damage costs. In this decision, the Federal Circuit shifted precedent and rejected the previously widely used \"25 percent rule of thumb\" in calculating patent damage awards. In March 2012, Uniloc and Microsoft reached a \"final and mutually agreeable resolution\", the terms of which were not disclosed. Background Uniloc is a computer security and copy protection software company. Founded in 1992, their technology is based on a patent granted to Ric Richardson and develops \"try and buy\" software distributed via magazines and preinstalled on new computers. The particular patent in question is the '216 patent (U.S. Patent No. 5,490,216) which is a software registration system that deters copying of software onto other computers. Uniloc argued that its patent was infringed by Microsoft's Product Activation feature. Microsoft's Product Activation feature serves as a gatekeeper for a variety of Windows operating systems and Microsoft Office products. In this product, users must enter a 25-character alphanumeric product key. The software then forms a Product ID based on the software, and Hardware ID generated from computer information as well. Once Product Activation is initiated, a digital license request is sent to Microsoft over the internet. At this remote location, information is entered either into an MD5 message digest algorithm for Office products or an SHA-1 algorithm for Windows products. Both pieces of software prevent \"casual copying\" of software in which users install copies of a program onto multiple computers, violating software license conditions. The algorithms used by Microsoft in their product activation software were alleged to infringe Uniloc's patent. Original District Court opinion and appeal In 2007, judge William E. Smith of the District Court ruled in favor of Microsoft. In reaching this decision, the court first issued a claim construction ruling, resulting in several terms that contributed to the instant appeal. The terms include definitions of \"registration system\", \"licensee unique ID\", and \"algorithm\". The 2007 ruling concluded that Microsoft's algorithm to generate a licensee unique ID was not identical to the parallel algorithm in Uniloc's user's", "title": "Uniloc USA, Inc. v. Microsoft Corp." }, { "docid": "16641182", "text": "Bristol Technology Inc. was a software development company founded in January 1991 by Keith, Ken, and Jean Blackwell. The company's original product idea, Wind/U, was an implementation of the Windows API (application programming interface) on non-Windows operating systems (such as UNIX). In March 2007, Bristol was purchased by the information technology corporation Hewlett-Packard for an undisclosed amount. History 1991–1997: Developer tool years Bristol Technology began as a software development tools company with $100,000 of seed investment from company insiders. Throughout the 1990s, Bristol developed a series of successful cross-platform developer tools which were used by over 1,000 corporate customers. From 1992 revenue base of $500,000, Bristol revenue grew by 70% annually over the next five years; reaching the Inc. 500 and being ranked #1 on Connecticut's Fast 50. 1998–2001: Microsoft litigation Windows Interface Source Environment (WISE) was a licensing program from Microsoft which allowed developers to recompile and run Windows-based applications on UNIX and Macintosh platforms. WISE Software development kits were not directly provided by Microsoft. Instead, Microsoft established partnerships to software providers such as Bristol Technology which in turn sold WISE software development kits (SDKs) to end-users. In August 1998, Bristol filed a federal antitrust suit against Microsoft Corporation, accusing Microsoft of entangling Bristol in a charade to stifle competition from other operating systems: UNIX, Compaq's OpenVMS, and IBM's OS/390. Bristol alleged that after initially approaching Bristol in 1991 and creating a dependency for Bristol and its customers on the Windows programming interfaces, Microsoft was then seeking to end access to this technology on all but Windows operating systems. In the lawsuit, Bristol sought unspecified damages for and injunctive relief from Microsoft's alleged anti competitive behavior. The injunction would have required Microsoft to provide Bristol with source code for future versions of Windows operating systems, including Microsoft Windows NT 4 and Windows NT 5. Bristol and Microsoft went to trial in the summer of 1999 in Federal Court in Bridgeport, Connecticut. Federal judge Janet Hall presided over the jury trial. Subsequently, the jury ruled that operating systems were not a definable market, thus Bristol did not have standing to sue under antitrust law. The jury did find that Microsoft violated Connecticut's Unfair Trade Practices Act; however, the jury could not quantify damages and only awarded Bristol $1. In a later ruling, Judge Hall awarded Bristol $1 million in punitive damages and $3.7 million in legal fees. In February 2001, Bristol and Microsoft reached a settlement agreement ending nearly four years of legal battles. 2001–2007: Rebuilding and purchase Following the settlement of the lawsuit with Microsoft, Bristol once again focused on building the company. As a result of the legal battle with Microsoft, beginning in 1999, Bristol had begun two new R&D efforts. One of those efforts would subsequently result in a new wholly owned subsidiary, Kenosia Corporation. Kenosia's flagship product, DataAlchemy, was used by major consumer packaged goods companies for performing analysis on consumer data. Kenosia was sold by Bristol to Halo Technology in 2005. Bristol's second R&D effort", "title": "Bristol Technology" }, { "docid": "37719499", "text": "The Supreme Court of the United States is the country's highest federal court. The Court has ultimate—and largely discretionary—appellate jurisdiction over all federal courts and state court cases involving issues of U.S. federal law, plus original jurisdiction over a small range of cases. The nine Supreme Court justices base their decisions on their interpretation of both legal doctrine and the precedential application of laws in the past. In most cases, interpreting the law is relatively clear-cut and the justices decide unanimously; however, in more complicated or controversial cases, the Court is often divided. In modern discourse, the justices of the Court are often categorized as having conservative, moderate, or liberal philosophies of law and of judicial interpretation. It has long been commonly assumed that justices' votes are a reflection of their judicial decision-making philosophy as well as their ideological leanings, personal attitudes, values, political philosophies, or policy preferences. A growing body of academic research has confirmed this understanding, as scholars have found that the justices largely vote in consonance with their perceived values. Analysts have used a variety of methods to deduce the specific perspective of each justice. Partisan balance The simplest way to approximate the ideological leanings of Supreme Court justices is by the political party of the president who appointed them. In a 2000 paper, Segal, Timpone, and Howard found that, in their study area (civil liberties and economics cases from 1937 to 1994), presidents appear to be reasonably successful in extending their policy preferences by appointing like-minded justices to the court, though they found that justices appear to deviate over time away from the presidents who appointed them. In 1999, Pinello conducted a meta-analysis of 84 studies of American courts covering 222,789 cases adjudicated since World War II and found that political party affiliation was a dependable indicator of rulings: Democratic judges voted in favor of liberal solutions more often than Republican judges did, especially in federal courts (the U.S. Supreme Court, U.S. Courts of Appeal, and U.S. District Courts). The graph below (using data from List of justices of the Supreme Court of the United States) shows the number of justices sitting in the Supreme Court who were appointed by Democratic or Republican presidents since 1936. In 1936, the Court had 7 justices appointed by Republican presidents and 2 appointed by Democratic presidents. Democratic President Franklin D. Roosevelt then filled the Supreme Court with 9 appointees in the late 1930s and 40s (including promoting Chief Justice Harlan F. Stone, who had originally been appointed to the Court by Republican President Calvin Coolidge). Then Democratic President Harry S. Truman appointed 4 justices. In the 1950s, Republican President Dwight D. Eisenhower reversed the balance by appointing 5 justices to the court. In the 1960s, Democratic Presidents John F. Kennedy and Lyndon B. Johnson, appointed 2 justices each, flipping the balance back to a majority of Democratic-appointed justices. This was reversed by Republican President Richard Nixon who appointed 4 justices, followed by Republican Presidents Gerald Ford, Ronald Reagan, and", "title": "Ideological leanings of United States Supreme Court justices" }, { "docid": "1199102", "text": "In the law of the United States, a special master is an official appointed by a judge to ensure judicial orders are followed, or in the alternative, to hear evidence on behalf of the judge and make recommendations to the judge as to the disposition of a matter. The special master should not be confused with the traditional common law concept of a master, a judge of the High Court entrusted to deal with summary and administrative matters falling short of a full trial. In the federal judiciary of the United States, a special master is an adjunct to a federal court. Rule 53 of the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure allows a federal court to appoint a special master, with the consent of the parties, to conduct proceedings and report to the Court. Role The role of the special master, who is frequently but not necessarily an attorney, is to supervise those falling under the order of the court to ensure that the court order is being followed and to report on the activities of the entity being supervised in a timely matter to the judge or the judge's designated representatives. Special masters have been controversial in some cases, and are cited by critics as an example of judicial overreach. For example, special masters have at times ordered the expenditure of funds over and above the amount appropriated by a legislative body for the remediation of the situation being examined. Their powers have generally been found to be valid and their remedies upheld by US courts. The US Supreme Court will normally assign original jurisdiction disputes (cases such as disputes between states that are first heard at the Supreme Court level) to a special master to conduct what amounts to a trial: the taking of evidence and a ruling. The Supreme Court can then assess the master's ruling much as a normal appeals court would, rather than conduct the trial itself. That is necessary as trials in the US almost always involve live testimony, and it would be too unwieldy for nine justices to rule on evidentiary objections in real time. In United States federal courts, special masters are appointed under Rule 53 of the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure. Rule 53 allows for a special master to be appointed only if one of the following exists: (1) the parties consent to the appointment, (2) to hold a trial without a jury or make recommended findings of fact where there is some exceptional condition or accounting or difficult computation of damages, or (3) address pre-trial or post-trial matters that cannot be effectively and timely addressed by a judge or magistrate judge. Examples Special masters were appointed by US District Court Judge Thomas Whitfield Davidson to investigate allegations of voter fraud on behalf of the 1948 Democratic Party primary campaign for Lyndon B. Johnson to the US Senate. According to Robert A. Caro, the masters would have found that Johnson's 86-vote victory was delivered by hundreds of fraudulent ballots, but", "title": "Special master" }, { "docid": "47606167", "text": "Ronald Steven Schnell (born November 10, 1966) is an American computer programmer in Weston, Florida. He was co-founder of Mail Call in 1997 and the chief technology officer of Rand Paul's 2016 presidential campaign. Life and work Schnell began programming in 1975 (age nine), on the IBM 360 mainframe. In 1981, he tested and spoke about SETL (for VAX minicomputers) at NYU's Courant Institute. In 1982, Schnell wrote a chat program for Telenet called NET-TALK, while at the Maryland timesharing company Dialcom; this led to helping test the BBC Micro. Schnell wrote the text adventure game DUNNET in 1983 for MacLisp and 1992 for Emacs Lisp. After high school, Schnell attended Syracuse University from 1984 through 1986, and was a DJ on WJPZ-FM Between late 1986 and throughout the 1990s, Schnell was a Unix kernel consultant. He moved to the west coast, and founded his first startup in 1990, Secure Online Systems. He co-founded Mail Call in 1997 in Florida; the product used IVR and back-end text-to-speech (subscribers could call a toll-free number, and check their email via the telephone—Mail Call was before the invention of the smartphone). From 2002 to 2005, Schnell was a divisional vice president at Equifax. Schnell was general manager of The Technical Committee in Seattle, a court-mandated computer-software-nonprofit that monitored Microsoft's compliance with a federal court ruling. Starting in 2013, Schnell became an adjunct professor of Computer Security at Nova Southeastern University. In 2015, Schnell also became CTO of the Rand Paul presidential campaign; he hosted a hackathon in San Francisco during July 2015. Schnell designed the app for Paul'16 (featuring a hidden game, vote feedback, donations, and virtual-selfies). Personal life Schnell was married in 1994, and has two children. Schnell's home automation system, which he helped specify, was profiled in 1998. Schnell plays Segway polo, and in 2007 co-founded the Polo Bears team. References Notes External links Official page Faculty page at Nova 1966 births Living people American chief technology officers Syracuse University alumni Rand Paul", "title": "Ron Schnell" } ]

[ "monopolization" ]

[ { "docid": "19522976", "text": "Oedipus (Edward Hyson) is an American radio personality. Oedipus's radio career began in 1975 as a D.J. at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology’s college station WTBS (today WMBR). He gained notoriety as the pink-haired DJ who created the first Punk rock radio show in America, introducing Punk and New Wave to Boston and to the country. He did the first radio interviews with the Ramones, Talking Heads and The Damned (band), and legendary on-air conversations with The Clash, Public Image Ltd, Suicide (band) and so many others. In 1977, Oedipus convinced WBCN to hire him as an announcer to bring his cutting edge sounds to the airwaves. In 1981 he was named Program Director, a position he held until he left in 2004. Under his tutelage, the station was recognized as an industry leader in breaking new music and received countless awards for its successes. Multiple Billboard, FMQB, and Gavin Report award recipient for best Program Director of the Year, Oedipus hosted the acclaimed “Nocturnal Emissions” program for over 25 years, playing new tracks every Sunday night. In May 2001 Boston Magazine named Oedipus the third most influential person in the arts in Boston. When The Police were inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 2003, they thanked him personally for their initial support in America. From 1995-2004 he served as Executive Producer of the live Radio broadcast for the New England Patriots. Oedipus has his own foundation, The Oedipus Foundation, and is a member of the Board of Directors for The Technology Broadcasting Corporation of MIT, Stop Handgun Violence, and an original member of the Board of Directors for Mobius (an artist-run center for experimental work in all media). He is on the Board of Advisors for Community Servings, an organization that feeds Boston-area families with acute life-threatening illnesses, and a former member of the Board of Overseers for the Huntington Theatre Company, advisory member of The Center for Arts at the Armory in Somerville and the Boston Music Awards. Oedipus also hosts an annual Christmas Eve show featuring rarely heard Christmas songs. It began at WBCN in the late '70s, moved to WFNX (2009–2012), then onto RadioBDC, The Boston Globe's internet radio station (2013-2014) before moving to WGBH in 2015. In 2018, the Mayor of Boston, Marty Walsh, issued a proclamation declaring December 24, 2018, as “Christmas Eve with Oedipus Day” in the City of Boston in recognition of his annual Christmas Eve broadcast for over 30 years spreading peace, love and understanding throughout Boston and the world. On Saturday, October 5, 2013 RadioBDC (now Indie617) posted on their Facebook page that Oedipus would be hosting \"The Oedipus Project\" on Saturday mornings from 10AM local to noon featuring all new alternative/indie sounds. In 2016 Oedipus was inducted into the Massachusetts Broadcasters Hall of Fame (Massachusetts Broadcasters Association). He can be found in the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in Cleveland, Ohio, in the exhibit Dedicated to the One I Love: Rock and Radio. Oedipus", "title": "Oedipus (DJ)" }, { "docid": "4265903", "text": "Norm N. Nite (born Norman Durma, January 25, 1941), is the author of the Rock On: The Illustrated Encyclopedia of Rock N' Roll book series. Nite began his career as a disk jockey at WGAR (AM) in Cleveland and later at WMJI there. He went on to host shows at WCBS-FM and WNBC in New York City. Nite's historical interest in Rock & Roll led him to compile, as the first volume of \"Rock On\" describes it, \"an exhaustive array of data on more than 1,000 of the most popular artists of the fifties and early sixties. Any singer who had a top 100 single during the golden days of rock n' roll can be found in (the) book.\" Subsequently, due to the popularity of this volume, first released in 1974, he authored a second volume in 1978, covering, as described on the dust jacket, \"The Modern Years: 1964-Present\" with an introduction by Wolfman Jack. In 1985 Rock On Volume 3 was released and billed \"Rock On Volume 3 – The Video Revolution: 1978 – Present\". During 1988 he narrated the radio program Solid Gold Scrapbook. From 1988-1990, Nite hosted a nationally syndicated oldies radio program on the Unistar Radio Network called U.S. Hall of Fame. In July 2005, Nite began broadcasting live from the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in Cleveland on Sirius Satellite Radio Channel 5 (Sirius Gold, now known as Sirius XM 50s on 5), which is also available on channel 9905 on the Dish Network. His show had originally aired Wednesdays through Sundays, but in August 2006, he cut back his on-air schedule to Fridays through Sundays from 3-6 p.m. US Eastern time (12-3 p.m. Pacific time). From 2005 to 2014, Nite broadcast on Saturday and Sunday afternoons, presenting \"Remember Then\", an hour dedicated exclusively to the music that was on the charts on the corresponding date during a designated year, mainly between 1956 and 1963. The \"Remember Then\" hour aired between 4-5 p.m. Eastern (1-2 p.m. Pacific). Nite was an enthusiastic cheerleader of the music and its artists, and also did much to promote the 50s on 5 channel and its other on-air talent. In February 2014, SiriusXM made a sudden management move to drop live deejays from virtually all of its 50s on 5 programming, ending Nite's broadcasts without the chance to have a farewell broadcast. (Some deejays from the 50s on 5 New York studio were reassigned to weekday shifts on SiriusXM's more-favored 60s on 6 channel, including Pat St. John.) Although Nite once split his time between New York City, New York and Cleveland, Ohio, he now lives in Cleveland full-time. References External links Norm N. Nite official website The Silhouettes website 1941 births Living people Sirius Satellite Radio Radio personalities from Cleveland", "title": "Norm N. Nite" }, { "docid": "2379413", "text": "Dave Marsh (born ) is an American music critic and radio talk show host. He was an early editor of Creem magazine, has written for various publications such as Newsday, The Village Voice, and Rolling Stone, and has published numerous books about music and musicians, mostly focused on rock music. He is also a committee member of the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame. Early life Marsh grew up in Pontiac, Michigan, and graduated from Waterford Kettering High School in Waterford, Michigan. He attended Wayne State University in Detroit before dropping out in 1969 to write for Creem magazine. Career Marsh began his career as a rock critic and editor at Creem, which he helped start. At Creem, he was mentored by close friend and colleague Lester Bangs. While supportive of punk music in general, he said in a 2001 interview that \"I don't know that it was any more important than disco\", and believes hip hop is more significant than punk in the history of rock music. He has written extensively about his favorite artists, including Marvin Gaye, whose song \"I Heard It Through the Grapevine\" he chose as the number one single of all-time in his book The Heart of Rock and Soul: the 1001 Greatest Singles Ever Made, and Sly Stone, whom he called \"one of the greatest musical adventurers rock has ever known.\" Along with Rolling Stone magazine publisher Jann Wenner, Marsh has been involved in organizing and maintaining the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in Cleveland, Ohio. Marsh has at times courted controversy with his style of maintaining selections. Marsh has championed the work of many rock and roll artists of the Fifties and early Sixties, including doo-wop and soul artists and girl groups, in his books and Rolling Stone contributions. Marsh also published four books about Bruce Springsteen, including the bestsellers Born to Run and Glory Days. Marsh has edited and contributed to Rock and Roll Confidential, a newsletter about rock music and social issues. The newsletter has since been renamed Rock and Rap Confidential. Marsh contributed to the 1994 book Mid-Life Confidential, a book about and by the Rock Bottom Remainders, a rock band composed of American authors. He has also worked for Newsday and The Real Paper. Marsh's book 360 Sound: The Columbia Records Story — Legends and Legacy, was released in October 2012, as a companion to Sean Wilentz's book 360 Sound: The Columbia Records Story. In the same format as Heart of Rock and Soul, this book covers the 264 greatest songs from Columbia Records beginning with the 1890 performance of John Philip Sousa's \"Washington Post March\" and working its way chronologically up to Adele's \"Rolling in the Deep\" (2011). To promote the music of Columbia Records, Legends and Legacy is available as a free eBook on iTunes.\" Derision of musicians Marsh has been characterised as a \"grumpy rock and roll journalist\" due to his acerbic comments on popular musicians whom he dislikes. In 1976, he wrote that Led", "title": "Dave Marsh" }, { "docid": "58902", "text": "The Rock and Roll Hall of Fame (RRHOF), also simply referred to as the Rock Hall, is a museum and hall of fame located in downtown Cleveland, Ohio, United States, on the shore of Lake Erie. The museum documents the history of rock music and the artists, producers, engineers, and other notable figures and personnel who have influenced its development. The Rock and Roll Hall of Fame Foundation was established on April 20, 1983, by Ahmet Ertegun, founder and chairman of Atlantic Records. After a long search for the right city, Cleveland was chosen in 1986 as the Hall of Fame's permanent home. Architect I. M. Pei designed the new museum, and it was dedicated on September 1, 1995. Foundation The RRHOF Foundation was established in 1983 by Ahmet Ertegun, who assembled a team that included publisher of Rolling Stone magazine Jann S. Wenner, record executives Seymour Stein, Bob Krasnow, and Noreen Woods, and attorneys Allen Grubman and Suzan Evans. The Foundation began inducting artists in 1986, but the Hall of Fame still had no home. The search committee considered several cities, including Philadelphia (home of rock pioneer Bill Haley and American Bandstand), Memphis (home of Sun Studios and Stax Records), Detroit (home of Motown Records), Cincinnati (home of King Records), New York City, and Cleveland. Cleveland lobbied for the museum, with civic leaders in Cleveland pledging $65 million in public money to fund the construction, and citing that WJW disc jockey Alan Freed both coined the term \"rock and roll\" and heavily promoted the new genre—and that Cleveland was the location of Freed's Moondog Coronation Ball, often credited as the first major rock and roll concert. Freed was also a member of the hall of fame's inaugural class of inductees in 1986. In addition, Cleveland cited radio station WMMS, which played a key role in breaking several major acts in the U.S. during the 1970s and 1980s, including David Bowie, who began his first U.S. tour in the city, Bruce Springsteen, Roxy Music, and Rush among many others. Cleveland business leaders and media companies organized a petition demonstrating the city's support that was signed by 600,000 Northeast Ohio residents, and Cleveland ranked first in a 1986 USA Today poll asking where the Hall of Fame should be located. On May 5, 1986, the Hall of Fame Foundation chose Cleveland as the permanent home of the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame and Museum. Cleveland may also have been chosen as the organization's site because the city offered the best financial package. As The Plain Dealer music critic Michael Norman noted, \"It was $65 million... Cleveland wanted it here and put up the money.\" During early discussions on where to build the Hall of Fame and Museum, the Foundation's board considered a site along the Cuyahoga River in downtown Cleveland. Ultimately, the chosen location was along East Ninth Street in downtown by Lake Erie, east of Cleveland Stadium. At one point in the planning phase, when a financing gap existed,", "title": "Rock and Roll Hall of Fame" }, { "docid": "5167851", "text": "North Coast Harbor is a district in downtown Cleveland, Ohio, United States, on the shore of Lake Erie. The district serves as the home of the Great Lakes Science Center, the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame and Museum, FirstEnergy Stadium, the Steamship William G. Mather Maritime Museum, , Burke Lakefront Airport, Voinovich Bicentennial Park, and the Cleveland-Cuyahoga County Port Authority. It is served by the West 3rd and North Coast stations on RTA's light rail Waterfront Line. Events The harbor was the site of the Great Lakes Exposition, a historic event starting in 1936 that commemorated the centennial of Cleveland's incorporation as a city. North Coast Harbor has been the home of multiple events over the years: Cleveland National Air Show, Ingenuity Festival, Cleveland Triathlon, Rock Your World with STEAM Family Festival, National Rib Burn Off, and the Rock'N'Roll Cleveland 1/2 Marathon. In the summers of 2007 and 2008, the harbor hosted the AST Dew Tour's Right Guard Open. In the summers of 2010 and 2013, the Port Authority sponsored an event called Cleveland Tall Ships, which visits Cleveland's North Coast Harbor every 3 years and is presented by The Rotary Club of Cleveland. Development As of 2012, the Cleveland Browns were spearheading development plans to construct an entertainment and commercial district in the area behind FirstEnergy Stadium and the Great Lakes Science Center. Randy Lerner, the former owner of The Browns, stated: \"This is a unique opportunity for Cleveland to come together. We think the time has come to make the Lakefront a more dynamic and inviting area. We are very pleased to help with this concept, and we hope our interest attracts other private sector development geared toward making the Lakefront what it could and should be for the Cleveland community.\" While the Browns aren't getting into the real estate business, they would like to stimulate private investment, \"bridging a gulf that local governments and foundations aren't flush enough to fill.\" Cleveland politicians and planners have floated many ideas for lakefront development over the years, yet much of the city's downtown waterfront is undeveloped and inaccessible. On March 19, 2012, Cleveland City Council approved key pieces of Mayor Frank Jackson's lakefront plan, a development plan to transform the waterfront by remaking the shoreline from the Cuyahoga River east across Burke Lakefront Airport, while building on existing attractions, such as the East Ninth Street pier, the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame and Museum, the Great Lakes Science Center and FirstEnergy Stadium. Architectural drawings include shops, restaurants, offices and a hotel tied together by walking and bicycle paths. The Rock & Dock at the North Coast Harbor Transient Marina in Downtown Cleveland opened behind the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame and Museum in June 2014. In 2014, Cumberland Development, LLC and Trammel Crow Company were selected by City of Cleveland to develop 20+ acres surrounding Cleveland's North Coast Harbor. Phase 1; a restaurant on E9th pier was complete July 2016. Ground breaking for Phase 2; multi-use space", "title": "North Coast Harbor" }, { "docid": "40402638", "text": "The National Rhythm & Blues Hall of Fame is an independent organization whose mission is to educate and to celebrate, preserve, promote, and present rhythm and blues music globally. History The National Rhythm & Blues Hall of Fame was founded in 2010. Its name was originally the Official Rhythm & Blues Music Hall of Fame. It was founded and developed by American professional basketball player LaMont \"ShowBoat\" Robinson, who is also an R&B activist and an entrepreneur. Robinson is also the founder and owner/player of the comedy basketball team the Harlem Clowns. Robinson's love for R&B and soul music began at an early age. He would often attend music practice sessions with his musician uncle, a house band member at Leo's Casino, a night club in Cleveland, Ohio. It was one of the premier clubs in the Midwest during the 1960s for R&B, jazz, and African American comedians such as Redd Foxx, Flip Wilson, Richard Pryor and Moms Mabley. This love for R&B inspired Robinson to start collecting memorabilia and artifacts that reflect the history of the rhythm and blues era. Robinson collected many of these exclusive and rare items while traveling all over the world to play basketball with the Globetrotters and other teams. Realizing that his collection had grown to a size worthy of a museum, Robinson wanted to share or donate some of his collection to an officially recognized location. However, he was unable to locate a place that exclusively displayed, celebrated, and collected information about the great accomplishments of R&B artists besides the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in his hometown Cleveland. While donating some items to the Rock Hall, he realized that this would never give a lot of well-deserving R&B artists the type of recognition or honor that they deserve. He then decided to pursue creating such a place, acquiring the support of friends, some of which are Rhythm & Blues and Jazz musicians. After many years of planning, a mobile museum debuted in February 2012. An annual Hall of Fame induction ceremony followed honoring artists, non-musical individuals, venues, events, and anything that has influenced the world of R&B music. A permanent physical museum was ultimately planned. National Rhythm & Blues Hall of Fame weekend, induction ceremony The Inaugural Official Rhythm & Blues Music Hall of Fame Induction Ceremony was held on August 17, 2013 at the Waetjen Auditorium at Cleveland State University in Cleveland. The first class of inductees included recording acts The Supremes, The Temptations, The Marvelettes, The O'Jays, Martha & The Vandellas (Martha Reeves, Rosalind Holmes, and Annette Helton), The Dramatics, Ruby & The Romantics, and The Dazz Band Featuring Jerry Bell and Little Jimmy Scott; historic venue Leo's Casino; international journalist Larry Cotton; and radio hosts Tom Joyner and Tim Marshall. On December 20, 2017, 17 names were added to the list of inductees as 20th Century Early Music Influences such as Sammy Davis, Jr, Ruth Brown, Bill Haley, Louis Armstrong and others. On February 17, 2018, the Rhythm", "title": "National Rhythm & Blues Hall of Fame" }, { "docid": "307687", "text": "Notable institutions The Rock and Roll Hall of Fame is located in Cleveland, Ohio. Ohio musicians inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame include The Isley Brothers (from Cincinnati) in '92, Bootsy Collins (from Cincinnati) in '97, The Moonglows (from Cleveland) in 2000, The O'Jays (from Canton) in '05, Chrissie Hynde (from Akron) of The Pretenders in '05, and Bobby Womack (from Cleveland) (d.2014) in '09. This state is also the home of four major symphony orchestras which are located in Cleveland, Akron, Cincinnati, and Dayton as well as a \"pops\" orchestra, the Cincinnati Pops. Columbus has hosted the annual three-day hard rock Rock on the Range festival each May since 2007 until 2018. Notable musicians Popular musicians from Ohio include Trippie Redd, Mamie Smith, Dean Martin, Dave Grohl, Tyler Joseph and Josh Dun of Twenty One Pilots, Frankie Yankovic, Doris Day, The McGuire Sisters, The Isley Brothers, Bobby Womack, Howard Hewett, Shirley Murdock, Boz Scaggs, John Legend, Marilyn Manson, Dan Auerbach and Patrick Carney of The Black Keys, Griffin Layne, Joe Dolce, Benjamin Orr of The Cars, Chrissie Hynde of The Pretenders, William \"Bootsy\" Collins, Stephanie Eulinberg of Kid Rock's Twisted Brown Trucker Band and Devo, West Davis of Punk and Pezband. Doris Day (from Cincinnati; d.2019) had a #1 Billboard Hot 100 hit in 1945 with \"Sentimental Journey\". Dean Martin had a #1 Billboard Hot 100 hit with \"Everybody Loves Somebody\" in 1964. The O'Jays had a #1 Hot 100 hit with \"Love Train\" in 1972. The Ohio Players had 2 #1 Hot 100 hits, including the funk song \"Love Rollercoaster\" in 1976. Wild Cherry had a #1 Hot 100 hit with \"Play That Funky Music\" also in 1976. Bone Thugs-n-Harmony had a #1 Hot 100 hit with \"Tha Crossroads\" in 1996. John Legend had a #1 Hot 100 hit with \"All of Me\" in 2014. Bo Donaldson and The Heywoods had a #1 Hot 100 hit with \"Billy Don't Be A Hero\" in 1974. In addition, Ohio musicians with a #1 album on the Billboard 200 include the R&B group The Isley Brothers (from Cincinnati) with 2 #1 albums, including The Heat is On in 1975, folk singer Tracy Chapman with her Tracy Chapman album in 1988, Nine Inch Nails with 2 #1 albums including With Teeth in 2005, Marilyn Manson with 2 including Mechanical Animals in 1998, The Black Keys with Turn Blue in 2014, and Twenty One Pilots (from Columbus) with Blurryface in 2015. Country group Rascal Flatts (from Columbus) has had 4 #1 albums including Me and My Gang in 2006. 98 Degrees (from Cincinnati) had a #2 album on the Billboard 200 with Revelation in 2000. Indigenous music Blues Blues singer Mamie Smith is thought to have been born in Cincinnati. Singer and saxophonist Bull Moose Jackson was born in Cleveland. Robert Lockwood Jr., born in Arkansas, moved to Cleveland in 1960, where he lived the later half of his life. Pianist Barrelhouse Chuck was born in Columbus. Organist Mike Finnigan", "title": "Music of Ohio" }, { "docid": "21387368", "text": "Historic Rock and Roll Landmarks is a program administered by the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame and Museum in Cleveland, Ohio, USA, through its Landmark Series to designate structures or locations that have played an important role in rock and roll history. Listings Brooklyn High School, Brooklyn, Ohio (designated 1998) Whisky a Go Go, West Hollywood, California (inducted 2007) King Records (USA), Cincinnati, Ohio (inducted 2008) The Crossroads, Clarksdale, Mississippi Leo's Casino, Cleveland, Ohio (designated 1999) Corner Tavern, Cleveland, Ohio (designated 2002) WJW (AM), Cleveland, Ohio WEWS-TV, Cleveland, Ohio Surf Ballroom, Clear Lake, Iowa (designated 2009) Austin City Limits Studio, KRLU –TV, Austin, Texas (designated 2009) Cosimo Matassa’s J&M Recording Studio, New Orleans, Louisiana (designated 2010) Ryman Auditorium, Nashville, Tennessee (Designated 2022) References External links Landmark Series Rock and Roll Hall of Fame Rock music venues", "title": "Historic Rock and Roll Landmark" } ]

[ { "docid": "37100329", "text": "This is a list of awards and recognition for Motown Records group The Miracles. 100 Greatest Artists of All Time The Miracles are on three \"100 Greatest Artists of All Time\" lists: Rolling Stones list at #32 VH-1's list at #61 (1998 list) Billboard'''s list at #71 Grammy Hall of Fame The Miracles are four-time inductees into the Grammy Hall of Fame. As of 2023, The Miracles have more Grammy Hall of Fame inducted songs than any other Motown group. *Not released as a single until 1970. Rolling Stone rankings 500 Greatest Songs of All Time \"Ooo Baby Baby\" (1965) – #262 (incorrectly credited solely to Smokey Robinson) \"The Tracks Of My Tears\" (1965) – #50 \"Shop Around\" (1960) – #495 The 500 Greatest Albums of All TimeGoing to a Go-Go (1965) 100 Greatest Artists of All Time The Miracles are listed at #32 on its list of its Immortals: The 100 Greatest Artists of All Time. (The Miracles are the highest-ranking Motown group on the Rolling Stone list). The Rock and Roll Hall of Fame rankings 500 Songs That Shaped Rock and Roll \"Going to a Go-Go\" (1965) \"The Tracks of My Tears\" (1965) \"You've Really Got a Hold on Me\" (1962) \"Shop Around\" (1962) Hall of Fame inductions Vocal Group Hall of Fame Hollywood Walk Of Fame Rock and Roll Hall of Fame Grammy Hall of Fame (Four time inductees) Doo-Wop Hall of Fame (inducted 2011) Michigan Rock and Roll Legends Hall of Fame Hit Parade Hall of FameGoldmine Magazine Hall of Fame The People's Rock and Roll Hall of Fame Rhythm and Blues Music Hall of Fame Other awards Four songs by The Miracles (\"The Tracks of My Tears,\" \"Ooo Baby Baby,\" \"Shop Around,\" and \"You've Really Got a Hold on Me\") were selected by the National Recording Preservation Board for the United States Library of Congress' National Recording Registry, which honors and preserves culturally, historically and aesthetically significant American recordings. Miracles members Smokey Robinson, Bobby Rogers, Pete Moore, Ronnie White and Marv Tarplin were given awards for their songwriting success by the BMI in 1971. Miracles members Pete Moore, Marv Tarplin, and Smokey Robinson earned The Award Of Merit from The American Society of Composers, Authors and Publishers (ASCAP) for composing \"The Tracks Of My Tears\".Motown DVD The Miracles:The Definitive Performances awarded Certified Gold status by the RIAA. Two-time recipient of the Heroes and Legends Award Winner- Rhythm and Blues Foundation's Pioneer Award Spirit of Detroit Award National Recording Registry award for \"Tracks of My Tears\" included in the Library of Congress in 2008 Detroit's Woodbridge Estates renames a boulevard and a park after the group in 2002. Given a certificate of recognition by the governor of the state of Michigan due to their important contributions to the state of Michigan and the city of Detroit for its music industry accomplishments. Resolution Award, the highest honor given by the Detroit city council for the group's achievements Beverly Hills City Council proclamation recognizing the group's contributions to", "title": "List of awards and nominations received by the Miracles" }, { "docid": "165728", "text": "The Blue Caps were a pioneering American rock and roll band of the 1950s, the backing band for early rockabilly icon Gene Vincent. They were inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 2012, as part of a class of overlooked backing bands selected by a special committee. Robert Burke Warren, writing for the Hall of Fame, called them \"One of the first self-contained rock & roll bands\", while Rolling Stone has called them \"The first rock & roll band in the world\". Members inducted into the Hall of Fame were guitarists Cliff Gallup, Tommy \"Bubba\" Facenda, Paul Peek, Willie Williams, and Johnny Meeks; bassists Bobby Jones and Jack Neal; and drummer Dickie Harrell, who died in 2023. Drummers Juvy Gomez and Clyde Pennington, bassist Bill Mack, piano player Max Lipscomb, and guitarists Grady Owen and Jerry Merritt were also members at various times. The Blue Caps appeared, backing Gene Vincent, in the movies The Girl Can't Help It (1956) and Hot Rod Gang (1958). The Blue Caps wore flat light blue caps on stage. The Blue Caps disbanded before the end of the 1950s, but reformed with original members Meeks, Peek, Harrell, Jones, and Facenda for a 1982 tour of England and a new record. Discography With Gene Vincent Bluejean Bop! (1956, Columbia) Gene Vincent and the Blue Caps (1957, Capitol T811, US & UK) Gene Vincent Rocks! And the Blue Caps Roll! (1958, Capitol – T-970, US & UK) Solo Unleashed (1982, Magnum Force) On The Road Again (1984, Magnum Force, MFLP – 1020) The Blue Caps – Hep To The Beat With The Blue Caps & Friends (2004, Pollytone – PEPCD 119, UK) References American rockabilly music groups Musical groups established in the 1950s Musical groups disestablished in the 1950s Musical groups reestablished in the 1980s `", "title": "The Blue Caps" }, { "docid": "606878", "text": "Daryl Franklin Hohl (born October 11, 1946), known professionally as Daryl Hall, is an American rock, R&B, and soul singer-songwriter and musician. He is best known as the co-founder and principal lead vocalist of Hall & Oates, with guitarist and songwriter John Oates. Outside of his work in Hall & Oates, he has also released five solo albums, including the 1980 progressive rock collaboration with guitarist Robert Fripp titled Sacred Songs and the 1986 album Three Hearts in the Happy Ending Machine, which provided his best selling single, \"Dreamtime\", that peaked at number five on the Billboard Hot 100. He has also collaborated on numerous works by other artists, such as Fripp's 1979 release Exposure, and Dusty Springfield's 1995 album A Very Fine Love, which produced a UK Top 40 hit with \"Wherever Would I Be\". Since late 2007, he has hosted the streaming television series Live from Daryl's House, in which he performs alongside other artists, doing a mix of songs from each's catalog. The show has been rebroadcast on a number of cable and satellite channels as well. In the 1970s and early 1980s, Hall scored numerous Billboard chart hits and is regarded as one of the best soul singers of his generation. Fripp, who worked with Hall several times, has written, \"Daryl's pipes were a wonder. I have never worked with a more able singer.\" He was inducted into the Songwriters Hall of Fame in 2004 and the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in April 2014. On November 1, 2023, his TV series (Live From Daryl's House) returned on Daryl Hall's YouTube channel with a new episode featuring Squeeze singer/songwriter Glenn Tilbrook. The new batch of episodes also featured Blackberry Smoke singer/guitarist Charlie Starr, King Crimson guitarist and Daryl Hall solo album producer Robert Fripp, Lisa Loeb and Howard Jones. Early life and career Hall was born in Pottstown, a Pennsylvania borough from Philadelphia; his family is of German descent. Both of his parents had a background in music; his father came from a choral-group clan and his mother was a vocal coach. He began recording music while a student at Owen J. Roberts High School, from which he graduated in 1964. At college at Temple University in Philadelphia, he majored in music, while continuing to record. He worked with Kenny Gamble and Leon Huff as both an artist and a session musician. During his first semester at Temple, in the fall of 1965, he and four other Temple University students formed the vocal harmony group the Temptones. They were popular additions to the largely black Philly soul scene, defeating both The Ambassadors and The Delfonics in a contest at the Uptown Theater. The Temptones recorded a handful of singles for Arctic Records, produced by Jimmy Bishop. While performing at the Uptown Theater, Hall formed creative affiliations with artists including Smokey Robinson, the Temptations, and many other top soul singers of the 1960s. In 1967, Hall met John Oates, who was also an undergraduate at Temple", "title": "Daryl Hall" }, { "docid": "6440307", "text": "William J. Riley Sr. (October 7, 1920 – December 15, 2006) was an American entertainer known as \"Mr. State Fair\" in Iowa. Riley was born in Iowa Falls, Iowa. His father died when he was 18 months old, and Bill and his brother were raised by their mother through the Great Depression. He attended Ellsworth and Loras Colleges and served in the United States Army. He became involved in radio with KRNT in Des Moines during World War II. In 1946, he first held a television broadcast at the Iowa State Fair in Des Moines. Riley stayed with KRNT until 1973, when he became an executive for Hawkeye Cablevision (now Mediacom). Riley began the Bill Riley Iowa State Fair Talent Search in 1959. He went from town to town in Iowa, holding talent competitions for Iowans age 2 to 21. The best of these would then come to compete at the Iowa State Fair. Bill Riley was the host and cheerleader for these competitions until he retired in 1996. The following year, his son, Bill Riley Jr., took over hosting duties, and the Plaza Stage where the contest was held was renamed the Anne and Bill Riley Stage. Many of the talent show participants have gone on to successful careers, such as Simon Estes and Carrie McDowell. A total of 110 contestants participated in the talent search in 2006. Riley was inducted into the Iowa Rock 'n Roll Music Association's Hall of Fame in 2004. In 2006, the state fair honored Riley as the grand marshal of the fair parade. Also, his likeness was sculpted in butter by Sarah Pratt. Riley died in Scottsdale, Arizona, of complications from leukemia at age 86. References External links The official Bill Riley Talent Search Page The Des Moines Register's Famous Iowans: Bill Riley August 2006 Des Moines Register article on Bill Riley Sr. Bill Riley at the Iowa Rock 'n Roll Music Association Hall of Fame Bill Riley Profile and Audio on DesMoinesBroadcasting.com 1920 births 2006 deaths Deaths from leukemia in Arizona People from Des Moines, Iowa People from Iowa Falls, Iowa", "title": "Bill Riley Sr." }, { "docid": "56226906", "text": "The Hip Hop Hall of Fame, also known as the Hip Hop Hall of Fame + Museum, is a New York chartered non-profit 501 c(3) museum and educational institution whose focus is hip hop music and culture from around the world. History The Hip Hop Hall of Fame was founded in 1992 by Hip Hop Hall of Fame Awards creator and executive producer James 'JT' Thompson, a New York City native and Los Angeles-raised hip hop connoisseur. The Hip Hop Hall of Fame was launched globally in September 1995 at Sylvia's, which unveiled the plans for the museum, educational programs, and the BET Cable Network deal for the inaugural Hip Hop Hall of Fame Awards TV Show. The Hip Hop Hall of Fame Museum was to be funded by the Hip Hop Hall of Fame Awards TV Shows, modeled after the Rock n Roll Hall of Fame model. However, due to the artist beefs that led to the deaths of Tupac Shakur and the Notorious BIG after the show broadcasts, the Hip Hop Hall of Fame + Museum lost advertisers and sponsorship clients and could not return to the airwaves during that era, putting the museum building plans on hiatus. The Hip Hop Hall of Fame also attempted a re-launch in Los Angeles in 1997 that featured Kurtis Blow, Prince Whipper Whip of the Fantastic Five, Grandmaster Caz of the Cold Crush Brothers, founder and executive producer James 'JT' Thompson, The Watts Prophets, The Legendary Actor – Rapper 'Dolemite', Dominique DiPrima of The Beat & KJLH Radio, and more film and television personalities, but the awards still could not return to television until 2014. Inductions The Hip Hop Hall of Fame has held inductions in the 1990s on BET, and in 2014 from Stage 48 hosted by hip hop icon Roxanne Shante in NYC broadcast on Soul of the South TV network. The Hip Hop Hall of Fame holds its annual induction ceremony every November during Hip Hop History Month in New York City. Artists and culture element contributors are eligible for induction after 20 years from their initial record release, and contributors based upon merit and impact on hip hop music and culture that includes MCs, DJs, graffiti artworks, B-Boys/Girls dancers, executives, producers, labels, fashion, business, scholarship, and community. Museum The Hall of Fame offices are currently headquartered in Harlem, New York City however no physical Hall of Fame exists as of 2023. Its community space is scheduled to feature hip hop art, music, digital video, dance, and community event space for its educational outreach with its partner organizations. The new development project to house the Hip Hop Hall of Fame + Museum and a hotel entertainment complex was originally slated for 125th street in a 20-story facility that would include the actual Hall of Fame, a gift store, arcade, TV broadcast studios, a sports bar, restaurant and concert venue producing over 100 events annually. The Hip Hop Hall of Fame educational programming will include a youth arts and", "title": "Hip Hop Hall of Fame" }, { "docid": "27830870", "text": "Allison Hagendorf is an American music journalist and television personality, known for hosting the New Year's Eve broadcast from Times Square from 2012 to 2019. She was also the Global Head of Rock for Spotify. Hagendorf is also the host of The Allison Hagendorf Show. and member of the Rock & Roll Hall of Fame Nominating Committee. Early life and education Allison Hagendorf was born on November 14, 1979 in Rockland County, New York. She has completed her schooling from Clarkstown High School South, West Nyack, New York. After graduating from college, Allison Hagendorf gave some thought to pursuing a career in medicine; however, her passion for music ultimately prevailed. Career Allison Hagendorf started her career as an A&R executive at SonyBMG for both Columbia and Epic Records, before transitioning to a TV host and music journalist, interviewing artists and covering music news for Fuse (TV channel). She hosted Fuse Top 20 Countdown. She has hosted The CW’s music-competition show The Next: Fame Is at Your Doorstep, alongside celebrity judges Gloria Estefan, Joe Jonas, Nelly, and John Rich. Starting in 2012, Allison became the Official Host of Times Square New Year’s Eve for over one million revelers and over one billion global livestream viewers. She has also covered the Lollapalooza, South by Southwest, and Bonnaroo Music Festival. Allison has served as the live announcer for Global Citizen’s \"VAX LIVE: The Concert to Reunite the World\", and the MTV Video Music Awards and MTV Movie Awards. She also hosted The X Games on ABC and ESPN, The CrossFit Games on ESPN, An Evening with Bon Jovi on AXS, and in 2023, the televised pre-show for the final KISS concert LIVE from Madison Square Garden. In 2016, Allison hosted MTV's Video Music Awards. Hagendorf was named global head of rock for Spotify in January 2016. Prior to this, she was the Executive Producer and Host of the Spotify Original Series Rock This with Allison Hagendorf. On the show, she hosted artists like Queen, Miley Cyrus, Foo Fighters, blink-182, and Machine Gun Kelly. Allison appeared in Asics x Runner’s World Commercial in 2018. In December 2023, she conducted the final KISS interview ever and hosted the pre/post show of the final KISS show Live from Madison Square Garden. The Allison Hagendorf Show In 2023, she launched 'The Allison Hagendorf Show' in partnership With Studio 71, a weekly video-first show featuring interviews with some of the most iconic musicians, actors, and personalities including Keanu Reeves, Sheryl Crow, Joan Jett, Tom Morello, Willow Smith, Jillian Michaels, Nandi Bushell, Paris Jackson, & Yungblud. Television & Shows The Allison Hagendorf Show (2023) Winter X Games XX (2016) The Next: Fame Is at Your Doorstep (2012) Fuse Top 20 Countdown (2011) References External links Music Week \"In Pod We Trust The Allison Hagendorf Show\" Rocking To Her Own Beat Living people American music journalists American television personalities American women television personalities American voice actresses 21st-century American women Year of birth missing (living people)", "title": "Allison Hagendorf" }, { "docid": "7454054", "text": "Albert Austin \"Sonny\" Burgess (May 28, 1929 – August 18, 2017) was an American rockabilly guitarist and singer. Biography Burgess was born on a farm near Newport, Arkansas to Albert and Esta Burgess. He graduated from Newport High School in 1948. In the early 1950s, Burgess played boogie woogie music in dance halls and bars around Newport. Burgess, Kern Kennedy, Johnny Ray Hubbard, and Gerald Jackson formed a boogie-woogie band they called the Rocky Road Ramblers. In 1954, following a stint in the US Army (1951–53), Burgess re-formed the band, calling them the Moonlighters after the Silver Moon Club in Newport, where they performed regularly. After advice from record producer Sam Phillips, the group expanded to form the Pacers. The band's first record was \"Red Headed Woman\" in 1956 for Sun Records, in Memphis, about 80 miles southeast of his birthplace. The flip side was \"We Wanna Boogie.\" Both were written by Burgess. The songs have been described as \"among the most raucous, energy-filled recordings released during the first flowering of rock and roll.\" Their onstage antics in performance were similarly described. Like other artists such as Ray Harris, Hayden Thompson, Billy Lee Riley, and Warren Smith, chart success largely eluded him. Burgess disbanded the group in 1971 but later found a new audience in Europe. Burgess was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame of Europe in 1999. His group, now called The Legendary Pacers, was a hit that same year in a rockabilly concert in Las Vegas, Nevada. It recorded Still Rockin’ and Rollin’ in 2000, voted the best new album in the country and roots field in Europe. The group was inducted in 2002 into the Rockabilly Hall of Fame. Sonny Burgess & The Legendary Pacers performed at the 2006 National Folk Festival in Richmond, Virginia. Burgess hosted a weekly radio program called We Wanna Boogie with co-host June Taylor. The program, named after his first record, aired on Sunday nights from 5-7pm Central Time on 91.9FM KASU in Jonesboro, Arkansas. Personal life Burgess had two brothers and three sisters. He married Joann Adams in 1956 and they had two sons, Peyton and John. In July 2017, Burgess suffered a fall at his home. He died the following month in a Little Rock, Arkansas hospital, at the age of 88. Selected discography Country Rock (1969) The Old Gang (1976) We Wanna Boogie (1984) Sonny Burgess and the Pacers (1985) Raw Deal (1986) Spellbound (1986) We Wanna Boogie (Best-of compilation) (1989) I'm Still Here (1990) The Razorback Rock & Roll Tapes (with Bobby Crafford) (1992) Tennessee Border (with Dave Alvin) (1992) Hittin' That Jug (Best-of compilation) (1995) The Arkansas Wild Man (Sun Records recordings) (1995) Sonny Burgess (1996) God's Holy Light (1997) Tupelo Connection (2001) Back to Sun Records (2003) Tear It Up! (2006) Gijon Stomp! (2009) Live at Sun Studios (2012) References External links Sonny Burgess Interview at NAMM Oral History Collection 1929 births 2017 deaths People from Newport, Arkansas American country rock singers American", "title": "Sonny Burgess" }, { "docid": "166247", "text": "Chester Arthur Burnett (June 10, 1910January 10, 1976), better known by his stage name Howlin' Wolf, was an American blues singer and guitarist. He was at the forefront of transforming acoustic Delta blues into electric Chicago blues, and over a four-decade career, recorded blues, rhythm and blues, rock and roll, and psychedelic rock. He is regarded as one of the most influential blues musicians of all time. Born into poverty in Mississippi as one of six children, he went through a rough childhood where his mother kicked him out of her house, and he moved in with his great-uncle, who was particularly abusive. He then ran away to his father's house where he finally found a happy family, and in the early 1930s became a protégé of legendary Delta blues guitarist and singer Charley Patton. He started a solo career in the Deep South, playing with other notable blues musicians of the era, and at the end of a decade had made a name for himself in the Mississippi Delta. After going through some legal issues and spending some time in jail and a particularly rough experience while serving in the Army, he moved to Chicago, Illinois, in adulthood and became successful. He started his recording career in 1951 after being heard singing by 19-year-old Ike Turner, and then formed his own band in Chicago. Five of his songs got on the Billboard national R&B charts. He released several albums in the 1960s and 1970s, and made several television performances. His studio albums include The Howlin' Wolf Album (1969), Message to the Young (1971), and The London Howlin' Wolf Sessions (1971). He released his final album The Back Door Wolf in 1973, and made his last public performance in November 1975 with fellow blues legend B.B. King. After years of severely declining health, Burnett died in 1976. He was posthumously inducted in the Blues Hall of Fame in 1980, and the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 1991. With a booming voice and imposing physical presence, he is one of the best-known Chicago blues artists. AllMusic has described him as \"a primal, ferocious blues belter with a roster of classics rivaling anyone else, and a sandpaper growl of a voice that has been widely imitated\". The musician and critic Cub Koda noted, \"no one could match Howlin' Wolf for the singular ability to rock the house down to the foundation while simultaneously scaring its patrons out of its wits.\" Producer Sam Phillips recalled, \"When I heard Howlin' Wolf, I said, 'This is for me. This is where the soul of man never dies. Several of his songs, including \"Smokestack Lightnin', \"Killing Floor\" and \"Spoonful\", have become blues and blues rock standards. \"Smokestack Lightnin'\" was selected for a Grammy Hall of Fame Award in 1999, and three of his songs were listed by the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in its \"500 Songs That Shaped Rock and Roll\". In 2011, Rolling Stone magazine ranked him number 54 on its", "title": "Howlin' Wolf" }, { "docid": "69571104", "text": "Richard Brewster-Jones (born ), who performs as Rick Brewster, is an Australian guitarist who has played in a number of Australian rock bands, including the Angels (1974–2000, 2008–present). That group were inducted into the ARIA Hall of Fame in 1998. As a songwriter Brewster was inducted into the Australian Songwriters Hall of Fame in 2008. Biography Richard Brewster-Jones, was born in , in Adelaide as the younger brother of John (born 1949). Their father Arthur (born 1916) and grandfather Hooper Brewster-Jones (1887–1949) were classical musicians. Brewster attended St Peter's College for secondary education. In 1970, as Rick Brewster, with his brother and Bernard Neeson on lead vocals ( Doc Talbot, later Doc Neeson), he formed an acoustic covers band Moonshine Jug & String Band. For that group he provided violin, washboard, jug, guitar, backing vocals and percussion. They released a four-track extended play Keep You on the Move (1973) via Sphere Organization, which was popular in Adelaide. John Woodruff was their manager and the label's owner. Moonshine Jug & String Band evolved into the Keystone Angels, a rock band, with Brewster on lead guitar, in 1974. According to Australian musicologist Ian McFarlane they were \"playing 1950s rock'n'roll/R&B material on the pub circuit.\" An appearance at the 1975 Sunbury Pop Festival in January, resulted in a tour supporting AC/DC and then working as Chuck Berry's backing band. The Keystone Angels issued a single, \"Keep On Dancin'/Good Day Rock and Roll\" (1975). By the end of that year they became the Angels. Other members have included Chris Bailey on bass guitar and Brent Eccles on drums. At the ARIA Music Awards of 1998 the Angels line-up of the Brewster brothers, Bailey, Eccles and Neeson were inducted in the ARIA Hall of Fame alongside the Masters Apprentices. As a songwriter Brewster has co-written the Angels' top 20 original singles, \"Into the Heat (1981)\", \"Am I Ever Gonna See Your Face Again\" (live, 1988), \"Let the Night Roll On\" and \"Dogs Are Talking\" (both 1990). Brewster was inducted into the Australian Songwriters Hall of Fame by ASAI (Australian Songwriters Association Incorporated). Over the history of the band from 1974 to 2000 (when the Angels disbanded) and since 2008 (they reformed), Brewster is the only mainstay – his brother had left in 1986 to join the Party Boys but returned in 1992. As from December 2022 Brewster is still a member of the Angels and when not touring with the band he works on side-projects with his brother. Awards and nominations Australian Songwriter's Hall of Fame The Australian Songwriters Hall of Fame was established in 2004 to honour the lifetime achievements of some of Australia's greatest songwriters. |- | 2008 | himself | Australian Songwriter's Hall of Fame | |} SA Music Hall of Fame Rick was inducted into the SA Music Hall Of fame on 16 May 2014 alongside his brother John, Redgum's John Schumann and Rose Tattoo's Rockin' Rob Riley. References General Note: Archived [on-line] copy has limited functionality. Note: [on-line] version established", "title": "Richard Brewster" }, { "docid": "1660385", "text": "Cynthia Weil (October 18, 1940 – June 1, 2023) was an American songwriter who wrote many songs together with her husband Barry Mann. Weil and Mann were inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 2010. In 1987, she was inducted with her husband into the Songwriters Hall of Fame, and in 2011, they jointly received the Johnny Mercer Award, the highest honor bestowed by that Hall of Fame. Weil and her husband, both based at the Brill Building, were instrumental in shaping the sound of rock and roll in the 1960s, alongside other luminaries such as Carole King, Burt Bacharach, and Neil Diamond. Life and career Weil was born in New York City on October 18, 1940. She grew up on the Upper West Side and the Upper East Side of Manhattan in a Conservative Jewish family. Her father was Morris Weil, a furniture store owner and the son of Lithuanian-Jewish immigrants, and her mother was Dorothy Mendez, who grew up in a Sephardic Jewish family in Brooklyn. Weil trained as an actress and dancer, studying theater at Sarah Lawrence College, but soon demonstrated a songwriting ability that led to her collaboration with Barry Mann, whom she married in August 1961. The couple had one daughter, Jenn Mann. Weil became one of the Brill Building songwriters of the 1960s, and one of the most important writers during the emergence of rock and roll. Weil and her husband went on to create songs for many contemporary artists, winning several Grammy Awards as well as Academy Award nominations for their compositions for film. As their Rock and Roll Hall of Fame biography put it, in part: \"Mann and Weil's... [works went from] epic ballads ('On Broadway', 'You've Lost That Lovin' Feelin') to outright rockers ('Kicks', 'We Gotta Get Out of This Place') [and they also] placed an emphasis on meaningful lyrics in their songwriting. With Weil writing the words and Mann the music, they came up with a number of songs that addressed such serious subjects as racial and economic divides[,] 'Uptown', ...and the difficult reality of making it in the big city ('On Broadway'). 'Only in America'... tackled segregation and racism, making it rather too controversial for the Drifters, who were the intended artists. 'We Gotta Get Out of This Place' became an anthem for [the] Vietnam soldier, antiwar protesters, and young people who viewed it as an anthem of greater opportunities.\" In 1987, she was inducted with her husband into the Songwriters Hall of Fame. In 1988, Weil won two awards at the 30th Annual Grammy Awards for co-writing \"Somewhere Out There\" from the animated film An American Tail: Song of the Year and Best Song Written for Visual Media. In 2004, Mann and Weil's They Wrote That? a musical revue based on their songs, opened in New York. In it, Mann sang and Weil related stories about the songs and their personal history. Weil and Mann were inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame", "title": "Cynthia Weil" }, { "docid": "7918158", "text": "\"Bo Diddley\" is a song by American rock and roll pioneer Bo Diddley. It introduced the rhythm that became known as the Bo Diddley beat and topped the Billboard R&B chart for two weeks in 1955. The song is included on many of Diddley's compilation albums including Bo Diddley (1958) and His Best (1997). Buddy Holly recorded a version that became his highest-charting single in the UK. Composition and recording The song is rhythmically similar to hambone, a technique of dancing and slapping various parts of the body to create a rhythm and song. Diddley's electric guitar along with his backup musicians on maracas and drums contributed to the patted juba rhythm. This combination of rock and roll, African rhythms and guitar was an innovation and came to be known as the Bo Diddley Beat. Lyrically, it is similar to the traditional lullaby \"Hush Little Baby\". \"Bo Diddley\" was recorded in Chicago at his first formal session for Leonard Chess on March 2, 1955. Diddley, on guitar and vocals, was accompanied by Frank Kirkland on drums, Jerome Green on maracas, and Billy Boy Arnold on harmonica. Charts and recognition Checker Records released \"Bo Diddley\" as a single with \"I'm a Man\" in April 1955. The song spent two weeks at No. 1 on the Billboard R&B chart, eventually becoming the tenth best-selling single of 1955 on the chart. Music critic Richie Unterberger described the song as: In 1998, \"Bo Diddley\" received a Grammy Hall of Fame Award and it is included on the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame's list of \"500 Songs that Shaped Rock and Roll\". In 2011, the A and B-side pair were added to the Library of Congress's National Recording Registry list of \"culturally, historically, or aesthetically important\" American sound recordings. In 2017, the single was inducted in to the Blues Hall of Fame. Rolling Stone ranked the song at No. 277 on its 2021 list of the \"500 Greatest Songs of All Time\", down from No. 62 on its 2004 list. Buddy Holly version Buddy Holly recorded the song in 1956, but it was not released until 1963, when it was included on the Reminiscing album and later became a single. Holly, on vocals and guitar, accompanied by Jerry Allison on drums recorded \"Bo Diddley\" at one of their earliest sessions with producer and engineer Norman Petty at his recording studio in Clovis, New Mexico, sometime in 1956. In 1962, Norman Petty overdubbed the demo of \"Bo Diddley\", as well as other tracks, with the Fireballs. The single release was one of Holly's highest-charting singles on the UK Singles Chart, reaching No. 4 on the week of July 10, 1963, spending a total of 12 weeks on the chart. In the U.S., the song reached No. 116 on Billboard magazine's Bubbling Under Hot 100 Singles chart. References 1955 songs 1955 debut singles Songs written by Bo Diddley Bo Diddley songs Buddy Holly songs Number-one singles in the United States Grammy Hall of Fame Award recipients", "title": "Bo Diddley (Bo Diddley song)" }, { "docid": "1503197", "text": "This is a list of the 155 inductees to the Country Music Hall of Fame and Museum, , counting groups as a single inductee. Of these, 16 inductions are solo female performers, and 1 induction is a female duet. To date, Roy Rogers is the only artist to have been inducted twice: first in 1980 as a member of the Sons of the Pioneers and again in 1988 as a solo artist. The induction of Harold Bradley in 2006 marked the first time two members of the same family were inducted into the Hall individually, following his brother Owen Bradley, who was inducted as part of the class of 1974. Owen's son Jerry was subsequently inducted in 2019. Hank Williams (inducted 1961), and his son Hank Williams Jr. (inducted 2020) are the only other family to have multiple separate inductees. To date, seven groups have been inducted that include members of the same family: Maybelle and Sara Carter of the Carter Family (cousins), the Delmore, Everly and Louvin Brothers, Harold and Don Reid of the Statler Brothers, The Browns (siblings), and The Judds (mother and daughter). In addition, the Hall also includes one married couple who were inducted together: Felice and Boudleaux Bryant, and two couples who were inducted for their individual achievements: former husband and wife George Jones (inducted 1992) and Tammy Wynette (inducted 1998), and currently married couple Connie Smith (inducted 2015), and Marty Stuart (inducted 2020). Seventeen members of the Country Music Hall of Fame are also inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame. 1960s 1970s 1980s 1990s 2000s 2010s 2020s Also in the Rock Hall of Fame As of 2024, there are 17 members of the Country Music Hall of Fame also inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame. See also Grand Ole Opry National Recording Registry References External links Country Music Hall of Fame (inductees) List Inductees", "title": "List of Country Music Hall of Fame inductees" }, { "docid": "7212748", "text": "Cosimo Vincent Matassa (April 13, 1926 – September 11, 2014) was an American recording engineer and studio owner, responsible for many R&B and early rock and roll recordings. Life and career Matassa was born in New Orleans in 1926. In 1944 he began studies as a chemistry major at Tulane University, which he abandoned after completing five semesters of course work. In 1945, at the age of 18, Matassa opened the J&M Recording Studio at the back of his family's shop on Rampart Street, on the border of the French Quarter in New Orleans. In 1955, he moved to the larger Cosimo Recording Studio on Gov. Nichols Street, nearby in the French Quarter. As an engineer and proprietor, Matassa was crucial to the development of the sound of R&B, rock and soul of the 1950s and 1960s, often working with the producers Dave Bartholomew and Allen Toussaint. He recorded many hits, including Fats Domino’s \"The Fat Man\" (a contender for the first rock and roll record), Little Richard's \"Tutti Frutti\", and records by Ray Charles, Lee Dorsey, Dr. John, Smiley Lewis, Bobby Mitchell, Tommy Ridgley, the Spiders and many others. He was responsible for developing what became known as the New Orleans sound, with strong drums, heavy guitar and bass, heavy piano, light horns and a strong vocal lead. In the late 1950s and early 1960s, Matassa also managed the successful white New Orleans rock-and-roll performer Jimmy Clanton. Matassa is interviewed on screen in the 2005 documentary film Make It Funky!, which presents a history of New Orleans music and its influence on rhythm and blues, rock and roll, funk and jazz. Matassa retired from the music business in the 1980s to manage the family's food store, Matassa's Market, in the French Quarter. He died on September 11, 2014, aged 88, in New Orleans. Awards and honors In December 1999, J&M Recording Studio was designated as a historic landmark. In October 2007, Matassa was honored for his contributions to Louisiana music with induction into the Louisiana Music Hall of Fame. In the same year he was also given a Grammy Trustees Award. On September 24, 2010, the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame and Museum designated J&M Recording Studio a historic Rock and Roll Landmark, one of 11 nationwide. In 2012, he was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in Cleveland as a nonperformer. He was inducted to the Blues Hall of Fame in 2013. See also Italians in New Orleans References External links \"Cosimo Matassa\" by Matthew Sakakeeny, 2003, at Roll With It J&M Recording Studio, curated by Ponderosa Stomp Foundation Oral History Interview with Cosimo Matassa at The Historic New Orleans Collection 1926 births 2014 deaths Record producers from Louisiana American people of Italian descent Businesspeople from New Orleans Tulane University alumni 20th-century American businesspeople", "title": "Cosimo Matassa" }, { "docid": "846773", "text": "\"Good Vibrations\" is a song by the American rock band the Beach Boys that was composed by Brian Wilson with lyrics by Mike Love. It was released as a single on October 10, 1966 and was an immediate critical and commercial hit, topping record charts in several countries including the United States and the United Kingdom. Characterized by its complex soundscapes, episodic structure and subversions of pop music formula, it was at the time the most expensive single ever recorded. \"Good Vibrations\" later became widely acclaimed as one of the finest and most important works of the rock era. Also produced by Wilson, the title derived from his fascination with cosmic vibrations, as his mother would tell him as a child that dogs sometimes bark at people in response to their \"bad vibrations\". He used the concept to suggest extrasensory perception, while Love's lyrics were inspired by the nascent Flower Power movement. The song was written as it was recorded and in a similar fashion to other compositions from Wilson's Smile period. It was issued as a standalone single, backed with \"Let's Go Away for Awhile\", and was to be included on the never-finished album Smile. Instead, the track appeared on the September 1967 release Smiley Smile. The making of \"Good Vibrations\" was unprecedented for any kind of recording. Building on his approach for Pet Sounds, Wilson recorded a surplus of short, interchangeable musical fragments with his bandmates and a host of session musicians at four different Hollywood studios from February to September 1966, a process reflected in the song's several dramatic shifts in key, texture, instrumentation and mood. Over 90 hours of tape was consumed in the sessions, with the total cost of production estimated to be in the tens of thousands of dollars. Band publicist Derek Taylor dubbed the unusual work a \"pocket symphony\". It helped develop the use of the studio as an instrument and heralded a wave of pop experimentation and the onset of psychedelic and progressive rock. The track featured a novel mix of instruments, including jaw harp and Electro-Theremin, and although the latter is not a true theremin, the song's success led to a renewed interest and sales of theremins and synthesizers. \"Good Vibrations\" received a Grammy nomination for Best Vocal Group performance in 1967 and was inducted into the Grammy Hall of Fame in 1994. The song was voted number one in Mojos \"Top 100 Records of All Time\" and number 6 on Rolling Stones 2004 and 2010 editions of its \"500 Greatest Songs of All Time\" lists, re-ranked to number 53 in the 2021 iteration. It was also included in the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame's list of the \"500 Songs that Shaped Rock and Roll\". In later years, the song has been cited as a forerunner to the Beatles' \"A Day in the Life\" (1967) and Queen's \"Bohemian Rhapsody\" (1975). A 1976 cover version by Todd Rundgren peaked at number 34 on the Billboard Hot 100. The Beach Boys followed", "title": "Good Vibrations" }, { "docid": "2335315", "text": "Delmar Allen \"Dale\" Hawkins (August 22, 1936 – February 13, 2010) was a pioneer American rock singer, songwriter, and rhythm guitarist who was often called the architect of swamp rock boogie. Career He began recording in 1956. In 1957, Hawkins was playing at Shreveport, Louisiana clubs, and although his music was influenced by the new rock and roll style of Elvis Presley and the guitar sounds of Scotty Moore, Hawkins blended that with the uniquely heavy blues sound of black Louisiana artists for his recording of his swamp-rock classic, \"Susie Q.\" Fellow Louisiana guitarist and future Rock and Roll Hall of Famer James Burton provided the signature riff and solo. The song was chosen as one of The Rock and Roll Hall of Fame's 500 Songs that Shaped Rock and Roll. An accompanying album, Oh! Suzy Q was released in 1958. Creedence Clearwater Revival's version of the song on their 1968 debut album helped launch their career and today it is probably the best-known version. In 1958 Hawkins recorded a single of Willie Dixon's \"My Babe\" at the Chess Records studio in Chicago, featuring Telecaster guitarist Roy Buchanan. He went on to a long and successful career. He recorded more songs for Chess into the early 1960s. However, his career was not limited to recording or performing. He hosted a teen dance party, The Dale Hawkins Show, on WCAU-TV in Philadelphia. He then became a record producer, and found success with The Uniques' \"Not Too Long Ago,\" the Five Americans' \"Western Union,\" and Bruce Channel's \"Hey! Baby\". In 1998, Ace Records issued a compilation album, Dale Hawkins, Rock 'n' Roll Tornado, which contained a collection of his early works and previously unreleased material. Other recordings included his 1969 country rock album, L.A., Memphis & Tyler, Texas; and a 1999 release, Wildcat Tamer, of all-new recordings that garnered Hawkins a 4-star review in Rolling Stone. Hawkins was executive vice president of Abnak Records; Vice President, Southwest Division, Bell Records (here he produced Bruce Channel, Ronnie Self, James Bell, the Festivals, the Dolls, and the Gentrys); and A&R director, RCA West Coast Rock Division, working with Michael Nesmith and Harry Nilsson. In the 1990s, he produced \"Goin Back to Mississippi\" by R. L. Burnside's slide guitarist, Kenny Brown. In October 2007, The Louisiana Music Hall of Fame honored Dale Hawkins for his contributions to Louisiana music by inducting him into The Louisiana Music Hall Of Fame. At the same time, he released his latest recording, \"Back Down to Louisiana,\" inspired by a trip to his childhood home. It was recognized by the UK's music magazine, Mojo, as No. 10 in the Americana category in their 2007 Best of issue, while L.A., Memphis & Tyler, Texas was awarded No. 8 in the reissue category. Hawkins' pioneering contributions have been recognized by the Rockabilly Hall of Fame. Personal life Arkansan and Canadian musician Ronnie Hawkins was Dale Hawkins' cousin. In 2005, Hawkins was diagnosed with colon cancer and began chemotherapy while continuing to perform", "title": "Dale Hawkins" }, { "docid": "33553761", "text": "MTV Rock N' Jock is a television series on MTV featuring actors, musicians, and other entertainers playing sports with professional athletes. The original episode was called The MTV Rock N' Jock Diamond Derby, and was changed to MTV's Rock N' Jock Softball Challenge, in year 2. The concept expanded to include basketball in 1991, football in 1997 and bowling in 1999 The game was an annual feature (with multiple reruns of most episodes) for many years on MTV. The original announcers were professional sportscaster, Steve Albert and comedian Ken Ober who provided color commentary. Bill Bellamy and MTV Sports host Dan Cortese initially participated as players and then as coaches in later years. The fourth annual Rock N' Jock B-Ball Jam was nominated for the Daytime Emmy Award for Outstanding Game Show in 1995, losing to Jeopardy!. Partial list of shows MTV's First Annual Rock N' Jock Diamond Derby (1990) Location: Dedeaux Field, USC, Los Angeles, CA Date: Sunday, January 21, 1990 Team names: Aardvarks, Salamanders Team coaches: Sam Kinison (Aardvarks), Sammy Hagar (Salamanders) Announcers: Steve Albert, Ken Ober Sideline Reporters: Martha Quinn, Kevin Seal, Downtown Julie Brown, Jim Turner National Anthem: Steve Vai Aardvarks Eddie Murray (1B) Baseball Player, Baltimore Orioles, 2003 Hall of Fame Bret Michaels (2B) Musician, Lead Singer of Poison Barry Larkin (SS) Baseball Player, Cincinnati Reds, 2012 Hall of Fame Corbin Bernsen (3B) Actor, Major League trilogy Mark McGwire (RF) Baseball Player, Oakland A's (583 home runs) Belinda Carlisle (RCF) Musician, Lead Singer, The Go-Go's Howard Johnson (LCF) Baseball Player, NY Mets MC Hammer (LF) Rapper/Dancer, 3x Grammy Award winner Tom Petersson Musician, Bass Player, Cheap Trick Roger McDowell (P) Baseball Player, NY Mets, 1986 World Series Champion Lou Gramm (DH) Musician, Foreigner, 2013 Songwriters Hall of Fame David Faustino Actor, Married With Children Brian Robbins Actor, Head of the Class Keanu Reeves Actor, Bill & Ted's Excellent Adventure Pam Wright Contest winner Salamanders Wally Joyner (1B), Baseball Player, California Angels, All-Star Tone Loc (2B), Rapper, Wild Thing (Tone Loc song) and Funky Cold Medina Shawon Dunston (SS), Baseball Player, Chicago Cubs, 2x All-Star Kevin Costner (3B) Actor, Dances With Wolves 2x Academy Award winner Darryl Strawberry (RF) Baseball Player, NY Mets, 1986 World Series Champion Kip Winger (RCF) Musician, Winger (band) Rafael Palmeiro (LCF) Baseball Player, Texas Rangers Steven Adler (LF) Musician, Drummer, Guns N' Roses, Rock N Roll Hall of Fame 2012 Bruce Hornsby (C) Musician, 3x Grammy Award winner Mark Langston (P) Baseball Player, California Angels, 4x All-Star Robert Wuhl Actor/Writer, Arliss Holly Robinson Peete Actor, 21 Jump Street Robin Zander Musician, Lead Singer, Cheap Trick Mike Lookinland Actor, \"Bobby Brady\" on The Brady Bunch Rick Caraballo Contest winner MTV's First Annual Rock N' Jock B-Ball Jam (1991) Location: Gersten Pavilion, Loyola Marymount University, CA Date: Sunday, September 15, 1991 Team names: Bricklayers, Violators Team coaches: Craig T. Nelson (Bricklayers), Magic Johnson (Violators) Announcers: Steve Albert, Ken Ober PA Announcer: Lawrence Tanner Referee: Hue Hollins Officiated 19 NBA Finals & 5 NBA", "title": "MTV Rock N' Jock" }, { "docid": "16701074", "text": "Terri Hemmert (born April 28, 1948) is an American radio personality, musicologist, and instructor at Columbia College Chicago. She is a long-term presence at WXRT-FM in Chicago, Illinois where she became the first female drive time host for a rock music station in the Chicago radio market. She is known as an expert on The Beatles and hosts the weekly Breakfast with the Beatles program and has been featured speaker at many Beatles conventions worldwide. Biography Hemmert grew up in Piqua, Ohio. As a youth she saw The Beatles on The Ed Sullivan Show and was inspired to set her sights on a career as a disc jockey as a potential way to meet her idols. She maintained her interest in pop and rhythm and blues music through her teens and enrolled at Elmhurst College where she wrote for campus publications and worked at the college radio station WRSE; she received a bachelor's degree in Speech in 1970. After a stint as a late-night disc jockey at WCMF in Rochester, New York she returned to the Midwest and, in 1973, joined fledgling progressive rock station WXRT in Chicago as Public Affairs Director and overnight announcer. Hemmert's career and popularity grew along with that of the station and by 1981 she was the morning drive-time personality for the highly rated station. Hemmert became the regular celebrity host for the Chicago-area Beatlefest beginning in 1979. Also in the late 1970s she began a long association with Columbia College, where she taught music history and radio classes. Hemmert has been active in social and political causes and sits on the board of directors for The Peace Museum and Facets Multimedia. She has also co-hosted the Chicago Pride Parade. Hemmert was featured in the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame's \"Rock and Radio\" exhibit and received a Lifetime Achievement Award from the Chicago chapter of the Recording Academy. Terri Hemmert was inducted into the Radio Hall of Fame in 2010 for her contributions to the radio medium. It was even of greater significance as she is one of a few female personalities to be bestowed this honor. Though she has been known for her avid love of The Beatles, Hemmert also lists Roxy Music, Dusty Springfield, Patti Smith, and Marvin Gaye among her other favorite musicians. In celebration of her 40 years at WXRT, Mayor Rahm Emanuel made a surprise visit to WXRT studios to declare December 18, 2013 \"Terri Hemmert Day\" in the City of Chicago. November 3, 2023 was proclaimed Terri Hemmert Day by the Chicago City Council. In addition, the WXRT’s broadcast and production facility changed its name to the Terri Hemmert Studios. References People from Piqua, Ohio Radio personalities from Chicago 1948 births Living people Elmhurst College alumni", "title": "Terri Hemmert" }, { "docid": "20804578", "text": "Benjamin Francis Ford (May 12, 1901 – June 20, 1986), known professionally as The Duke of Paducah, was an American country comedian, radio host and banjo player popular from the 1940s to the 1960s. Early life Ford was born in De Soto, Missouri, and was raised in Little Rock, Arkansas. He had only a third-grade education, so he joked that he came from the \"university of hard knocks\". He enlisted in the U.S. Navy in 1918. During his Navy service he learned to play the banjo and earned his nickname Whitey Ford because of his blond hair. After his discharge in 1922, he joined McGinty's Oklahoma Cowboy Band, a Dixieland jazz group, as a banjo player. The group later changed its name to Otto Gray and his Oklahoma Cowboys and appeared in a few Hollywood film shorts. In 1929, Ford made his debut on WLS-AM in Chicago, Illinois. A serious man off stage, he lit up on screen. Career In the early 1930s, while working at KWK in St. Louis, Ford took the stage name The Duke of Paducah. In 1937, he founded the Renfro Valley Barn Dance with Red Foley and John Lair. More radio work followed when he became a regular on Plantation Party, an NBC Radio show in Cincinnati and Chicago. From 1942–1959, Ford was a regular on the Grand Ole Opry where he became a member. He also hosted several popular radio shows broadcast nationally. In the mid-1950s, Ford toured with a troupe he called the Rock and Roll Revue. On several occasions, he shared a bill with Elvis Presley. In 1958, he began hosting an early morning television show, Country Junction, on WLAC-TV in Nashville, which he hosted for several years, being succeeded by disc jockey Eddie Hill. Ford ended his act with his tagline: \"I'm goin' back to the wagon, boys, these shoes are killin' me.\" He was elected to the Country Music Hall of Fame in February 1986. Notes References Country Music Hall of Fame profile Answers.com Traditional Country Music Radio Elvis Club Boards Radio 1901 births 1986 deaths People from De Soto, Missouri American male comedians Grand Ole Opry members American radio personalities American television personalities Country Music Hall of Fame inductees Starday Records artists 20th-century American singers Comedians from Missouri 20th-century American comedians Comedians from Arkansas", "title": "The Duke of Paducah" }, { "docid": "3134113", "text": "The Surf Ballroom (also called the Surf) is a Historic Rock and Roll Landmark at 460 North Shore Drive, Clear Lake, Iowa, United States. The Surf is closely associated with the event known colloquially as \"The Day the Music Died\" – early rock and roll stars Buddy Holly, Ritchie Valens, and J. P. \"The Big Bopper\" Richardson gave their last performances at the Surf on February 2, 1959, as part of the \"Winter Dance Party Tour\". On September 6, 2011, The Surf Ballroom was added to the National Register of Historic Places. In 2021, it was named a National Historic Landmark. Name and history The original Surf Ballroom opened on April 17, 1933. It was named that because the original owners wanted patrons to feel like they were at a surf beach club. Murals were painted on the club walls depicting ocean waves, boats on the water, and palm trees. The furniture is bamboo and rattan, giving a South Sea Islands ambiance. Several fake palm trees rise on each side of the stage. Clouds are painted on the ceiling to give a feeling of dancing outdoors by the ocean. It burned down on April 20, 1947, at an estimated loss of $250,000. On July 1, 1948, it reopened, having been rebuilt across the street from its original location. It still hosts numerous events year round and has a seating capacity of 2,100 and a dance floor. The facility includes a museum of music memorabilia, a Wall of Fame including many of the many famous artists who performed at the venue, and a souvenir shop. The Surf Ballroom is currently owned by the Snyder family of Clear Lake and is open to the public daily. The exterior of the ballroom has changed very little since the 1950s. Backstage, in an area known as \"The Green Room,\" acts that have performed on the ballroom's historic stage, such as Little River Band, Loverboy, The Righteous Brothers, The Temptations, The Beach Boys, Waylon Jennings (before becoming a popular country musician, he worked as Buddy Holly's bassist during the infamous \"Winter Dance Party\" tour in 1959), and Bobby Rydell have signed their names on the whitewashed walls, and photos of them have been placed on a wall alongside those of early rock-and-roll pioneers. Midwestern music acts that have performed at the Surf Ballroom include childhood Iowa residents The Everly Brothers in '66, Styx, and Soul Asylum. In 1998, the Surf Ballroom was inducted into the Iowa Rock 'n' Roll Hall of Fame in the Ballroom category. The Rock and Roll Hall of Fame and Museum designated the Surf Ballroom a historical landmark on January 27, 2009. The ceremony giving landmark status to the site kicked off a week-long celebration of the 50th anniversary of the February 2, 1959, \"Winter Dance Party\" concert and the tragic incident of February 3, 1959. The Day the Music Died Holly, Valens, and Richardson left The Surf immediately after the show, going to the nearby Mason City airport and chartering", "title": "Surf Ballroom" }, { "docid": "505963", "text": "David Louis Bartholomew (December 24, 1918 – June 23, 2019) was an American musician, bandleader, composer, arranger, and record producer. He was prominent in the music of New Orleans throughout the second half of the 20th century. Originally a trumpeter, he was active in many musical genres, including rhythm and blues, big band, swing music, rock and roll, New Orleans jazz, and Dixieland. In his induction into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame, he was cited as a key figure in the transition from jump blues and swing to R&B and as \"one of the Crescent City's greatest musicians and a true pioneer in the rock and roll revolution\". Many musicians have recorded Bartholomew's songs, but his partnership with Fats Domino produced some of his greatest successes. In the mid-1950s they wrote more than forty hits for Imperial Records, including the Billboard number one pop chart hit \"Ain't That a Shame\". Bartholomew's other hit songs as a composer include \"I Hear You Knocking\", \"Blue Monday\", \"I'm Walkin'\", \"My Ding-a-Ling\", and \"One Night\". He was a member of the Songwriters Hall of Fame, the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame, and the Louisiana Music Hall of Fame. Biography Early life He was born Davis Bartholomew on December 24, 1918, in Edgard, Louisiana, to Mary and Louis Bartholomew. He learned to play his father's preferred instrument, the tuba, then took up the trumpet, taught to him by Peter Davis, who had also tutored Louis Armstrong. Around 1933, Bartholomew moved with his parents to New Orleans, where he played in local jazz and brass bands, including Papa Celestin's, as well as Fats Pichon's band on a Mississippi riverboat. He took charge of Pichon's band in 1941, and after a stay in Jimmie Lunceford's band joined the US Army during World War II. He developed writing and arranging skills as a member of the 196th Army Ground Forces Band. Early music career At the end of the war Bartholomew returned to New Orleans and, by November 1945, had started leading his own dance band, Dave Bartholomew and the Dew Droppers, named after a local hotel and nightclub, the Dew Drop Inn. The band became locally popular, described as \"the bedrock of R&B in the city\", and, according to the music historian Robert Palmer, was a \"model for early rock 'n' roll bands the world over\". A local journalist wrote of the band, in June 1946: \"Putting it mildly, they make the house 'rock'.\" In 1947, they were invited by club owner Don Robey to perform in Houston, Texas, where Bartholomew met Lew Chudd, the founder of Imperial Records. Bartholomew and his band made their first recordings, including \"She's Got Great Big Eyes\", at Cosimo Matassa's New Orleans studio for De Luxe Records in September 1947. Their first hit was \"Country Boy\", credited to Dave Bartholomew and His Orchestra, which reached No. 14 in the national Billboard R&B chart in early 1950. Prominent members of the band, besides Bartholomew on trumpet and occasional vocals,", "title": "Dave Bartholomew" }, { "docid": "73764513", "text": "Rockstar is the forty-ninth solo studio album by American singer-songwriter Dolly Parton. It was released on November 17, 2023, by Butterfly Records and Big Machine Records. The album is a collaborative project with a variety of rock musicians, marking Parton's first album-length foray into the genre. Lead single \"World on Fire\" was released on May 11, 2023, with the singles \"Magic Man\" featuring Ann Wilson, \"Bygones\" featuring Rob Halford and Nikki Sixx and John 5, \"We Are the Champions\"/\"We Will Rock You\", Parton's version of \"Let It Be\" featuring surviving Beatles Paul McCartney and Ringo Starr, and Parton's version of \"What's Up?\" featuring Linda Perry following over the next five months. Parton performed a duet of \"Wrecking Ball\" with Miley Cyrus on New Year's Eve 2022, and performed \"World on Fire\" at the 58th Academy of Country Music Awards in May 2023. The album received generally positive reviews from critics and debuted at number three on the Billboard 200, becoming Parton's highest-charting solo studio album as well as topping the Country and Rock Albums charts. Recording and release Parton was nominated for the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 2022 and initially declined the honor as she has a background in country music and not rock. In response, she declared her intention to record an album of rock covers with a host of musical guests from that genre to justify her inclusion. Parton performed \"Rockin'\", an original song, at the Hall of Fame induction ceremony. She reached out to a variety of dream collaborators over the course of several months, including several of the artists she performed with at the Hall of Fame ceremony such as fellow 2022 inductees Pat Benatar, Neil Giraldo, Simon Le Bon and Rob Halford, and other guests Pink, Brandi Carlile and Sheryl Crow. Parton officially announced the recording on The Tonight Show with Jimmy Fallon on November 30. She revealed the album release on the January 17, 2023, episode of The View and previewed the track \"World on Fire\" on May 11. British singer and guitarist Peter Frampton was recruited into recording after a mutual friend performed backing vocals with American singer Steven Tyler on the album. He immediately called his manager and the next day, spoke with producer Kent Wells to perform a guitar solo and also vocals on a second track. Parton pursued Mick Jagger to provide vocals on her Rolling Stones cover, but he had a scheduling conflict and failed to reunite Led Zeppelin's Jimmy Page and Robert Plant for her new cover of \"Stairway to Heaven\", a favorite of her husband Carl Dean. Her favorite collaborator was fellow country musician Chris Stapleton, who stepped in when Bob Seger was unable to join Parton on \"Night Moves\" due to experiencing problems with his voice. Prior to the reveal of the official track listing, Parton had performed \"Wrecking Ball\" with her goddaughter Miley Cyrus at her New Year's Eve show. Parton performed the album's lead single \"World on Fire\" for the first", "title": "Rockstar (Dolly Parton album)" }, { "docid": "165852", "text": "Sam & Dave were an American soul and R&B duo who performed together from 1961 until 1981. The tenor (higher) voice was Sam Moore (born 1935) and the baritone/tenor (lower) voice was Dave Prater (1937–1988). Nicknamed \"Double Dynamite\", \"The Sultans of Sweat\", and \"The Dynamic Duo\" for their gritty, gospel-infused performances, Sam & Dave are considered one of the greatest live acts of the 1960s. Many subsequent musicians have named them as an influence, including Bruce Springsteen, Al Green, Tom Petty, Phil Collins, Michael Jackson, Steve Van Zandt, Elvis Costello, The Jam, Teddy Pendergrass, Billy Joel, and Steve Winwood. The Blues Brothers, who helped create a resurgence of popularity for soul, R&B, and blues in the 1980s, were influenced by Sam & Dave – their biggest hit was a cover of \"Soul Man\", and their act and stage show contained many homages to the duo. According to the Rock & Roll Hall of Fame, Sam & Dave were the most successful soul duo and brought the sounds of the black gospel church to pop music with their call-and-response records. Recorded primarily at Stax Records in Memphis, Tennessee, from 1965 through 1968, these included \"Soul Man\", \"Hold On, I'm Comin'\", \"You Don't Know Like I Know\", \"I Thank You\", \"When Something is Wrong with My Baby\", \"Wrap It Up\", and many other Southern Soul classics. Except for Aretha Franklin, no soul act during Sam & Dave's Stax years (1965–1968) had more consistent R&B chart success, including 10 consecutive top-20 singles and three consecutive top-10 LPs. Their crossover charts appeal (13 straight appearances and two top-10 singles) helped to pave the way for the acceptance of soul music by white pop audiences, and their song \"Soul Man\" was one of the first songs by a black group to top the pop charts using the word \"soul\", helping define the genre. \"Soul Man\" was a number-one Pop Hit (Cashbox: November 11, 1967) and has been recognized as one of the most influential songs of the past 50 years by the Grammy Hall of Fame, the Rock & Roll Hall of Fame, Rolling Stone magazine, and RIAA Songs of the Century. \"Soul Man\" was featured as the soundtrack and title for a 1986 film and also a 1997–1998 television series, and Soul Men was a 2008 feature film. Sam & Dave are inductees in the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame, the Vocal Group Hall of Fame, the Memphis Music Hall of Fame, and the Rhythm & Blues Music Hall of Fame. They won a Grammy Award for \"Soul Man\" and they received the Grammy Lifetime Achievement Award in 2019. Rolling Stone ranked Sam & Dave No. 14 on its list of the 20 Greatest Duos of All Time. Early years Sam Moore and Dave Prater's early musical backgrounds involved listening to and singing gospel music in their homes and churches, and in Dave's case, also singing gospel in the choir in his church. Dave later sang with his older brother JT Prater in", "title": "Sam & Dave" }, { "docid": "3395185", "text": "\"People Get Ready\" is a 1965 single by The Impressions, and the title track from the People Get Ready album. The single is the group's best-known hit, reaching number three on the Billboard R&B chart and number 14 on the Billboard Hot 100. The gospel-influenced track was a Curtis Mayfield composition that displayed the growing sense of social and political awareness in his writing. In 2021, Rolling Stone named \"People Get Ready\" the 122nd greatest song of all time. The song was included in the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame's 500 Songs that Shaped Rock and Roll. \"People Get Ready\" was named as one of the Top 10 Best Songs of All Time by Mojo music magazine, and was inducted into the Grammy Hall of Fame in 1998. In 2015, the song was selected for preservation in the National Recording Registry due to its \"cultural, historic, or artistic significance\". Martin Luther King Jr. named the song the unofficial anthem of the Civil Rights Movement and often used the song to get people marching or to calm and comfort them. Various artists have covered the song, including Bob Marley and the Wailers in 1965 and 1977, the Chambers Brothers in 1968, Bob Dylan in 1975, and Rod Stewart and Jeff Beck in 1985. Australian group Human Nature had a minor hit in Australia with their version in 1997. Vanilla Fudge covered it on their 1967 debut album, and Kenny Rankin covered it on his 1974 album Silver Morning. Composition The gospel-influenced track was written and composed by Curtis Mayfield, who was displaying a growing sense of social and political awareness in his writing. Mayfield said,That was taken from my church or from the upbringing of messages from the church. Like there's no hiding place and get on board, and images of that sort. I must have been in a very deep mood of that type of religious inspiration when I wrote that song.The song is the first Impressions hit to feature Mayfield's guitar in the break. \"People Get Ready\" is in a long tradition of Black American freedom songs that use train imagery, such as \"Wade in the Water\", \"The Gospel Train\", and \"Swing Low, Sweet Chariot\". The idea comes from the spiritualist idea that once one dies the soul goes in a journey to the afterlife. Reception and legacy The single reached number 3 on the Billboard R&B Chart and number 14 on the Billboard Pop Chart. Rolling Stone magazine named \"People Get Ready\" the 24th greatest song of all time and also placed it at number 20 on their list of the 100 Greatest Guitar Tracks. The song was included in The Rock and Roll Hall of Fame's 500 Songs that Shaped Rock and Roll. The song was inducted into the Grammy Hall of Fame in 1998, and selected as one of the ten best songs of all time by a panel of 20 songwriters, including Paul McCartney, Brian Wilson, Hal David, for Britain's Mojo music magazine in", "title": "People Get Ready" }, { "docid": "5821887", "text": "Frank Barsalona (March 31, 1938 – November 22, 2012) was an American talent agent and founder of the first major rock and roll booking agency in the United States. Career Barsalona started out in the mail room at GAC, a New York-based talent agency, and became the company's youngest agent. In 1964, Barsalona founded Premier Talent Agency (sold to William Morris Agency in 2002) which was the first booking agency to focus on rock performers. At Premier, Barsalona encouraged young, enthusiastic promoters around the country to present emerging artists at their local venues which created the foundation of the modern-day concert touring business. The promoters Barsalona mentored and worked with became some of the most powerful promoters in the industry, and still are today. The roster of artists at Premier Talent numbered in the hundreds and included Bruce Springsteen & the E Street Band, U2, The Who, Led Zeppelin, The Yardbirds, Jimi Hendrix, Bon Jovi, Santana, Jethro Tull, Peter Frampton, Humble Pie, Van Halen, Herman's Hermits, Tom Petty and the Heartbreakers, The J. Geils Band, Black Sabbath, Yes, Van Halen, Talking Heads, The B-52's, Eurythmics, The Pretenders, Cyndi Lauper, Keith Richards, Jeff Beck, Sex Pistols, Skid Row, Journey, Earth, Wind & Fire, Emerson, Lake & Palmer, Foghat, Traffic, Fleetwood Mac, and Grand Funk Railroad, among many others. Barsalona was also a part owner in various radio stations in the Northeast, and part owner and president of the Philadelphia Fury soccer team (1977–1980). Rock journalist Dave Marsh wrote, \"Frank Barsalona had a vision: acts and promoters and record companies working in coordination to build careers. Rock performers now had an economic base outside of the record companies, they had the time and money and facilities to upgrade the quality of their shows.\" Barsalona was a founding member and board member of the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame and was inducted into the Hall of Fame in the Non-Performer category in 2005 and received the Lifetime Achievement Award. He is the only agent to have been inducted into the Hall of Fame to date. Among other industry and humanitarian awards, Frank received the Billboard Legend of Live Award for lifetime achievement, Performance Touring Hall of Fame Award, and the Nordoff-Robbins Foundation Silver Clef Award which was presented to him by Bono and Bruce Springsteen, with Pete Townshend congratulating his old friend and telling stories via video. After Barsolona's death, his daughter Nicole hosted a memorial celebration to honor his life on April 25, 2013, in New York, bringing together music industry leaders from around the world. Billboard magazine's exclusive coverage described the event: \"The room was packed with legends, among them famed E Street Band guitarist Steve Van Zandt, Team Springsteen players Barry Bell and Barbara Carr, and a wealth of promoters, signifying Barsalona's influence in bringing order and legitimacy to that sector. Promoters in the house included Seth Hurwitz (I.M.P.), Gregg Perloff (Another Planet), Jules Belkin (Belkin Productions), Danny Zelisko (DZP), John Scher (Metropolitan Talent), Debra Rathwell (AEG Live) and", "title": "Frank Barsalona" }, { "docid": "35567837", "text": "Rock & Roll Hall of Fame Covers EP is EP compilation by American rock band Red Hot Chili Peppers, released in 2012 through iTunes as a digital-only download. The band first announced the EP through their website on April 19, 2012 with the title We Salute You, although it was changed on the date of the release. The EP consists of six cover songs, live and in the studio, of previous Rock and Roll Hall of Fame inductees all who influenced the band. The EP was released to commemorate the band's own induction into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 2012. All six songs have been previously featured on other releases by the band. Four of the six tracks had never been released digitally before. “A Teenager in Love” was released as one of the B-Sides on the \"By the Way\" single, \"Search and Destroy\" first appeared as a B-Side on the \"Give It Away\" and \"Under the Bridge\" singles, “I Get Around” was performed during Brian Wilson’s 2005 MusiCares tribute and only a DVD performance has been released, “Suffragette City” was previously only available as a B-side to the band’s 1996 single “Aeroplane”, “Everybody Knows This Is Nowhere” was recorded live during Red Hot Chili Peppers’ 2011–2012 world tour supporting their album I'm with You and first released through the band's website on one of their official bootlegs, and \"Havana Affair\" first appeared on We're a Happy Family: A Tribute to Ramones. It was also available digitally as the iTunes bonus track for Stadium Arcadium upon its 2007 rerelease, but was quickly removed for unknown reasons. This release means it is available digitally once again. Track listing Personnel Red Hot Chili Peppers Anthony Kiedis – lead vocals Josh Klinghoffer – guitar, backing vocals (4) Flea – bass, backing vocals Chad Smith – drums, percussion John Frusciante – guitar, backing vocals (1-3, 5), production (1) Dave Navarro – guitar (6) Additional musicians Mauro Refosco – percussion (4) Chris Warren – keyboards (4) References External links Red Hot Chili Peppers website Rock & Roll Hall of Fame Covers EP download Red Hot Chili Peppers EPs 2012 EPs Albums produced by Rick Rubin", "title": "Rock & Roll Hall of Fame Covers EP" }, { "docid": "66982598", "text": "Gregory S. Harris (born 1965) is the president of the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame. Harris has worked at the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame since 2008, starting out as vice president of development and being named President and CEO in late 2012 and starting in the position in 2013. Prior to that, he was a senior executive at the National Baseball Hall of Fame and Museum for fourteen years. Harris co-founded the Philadelphia Record Exchange in 1985 with Jacy Webster, a notable retail outlet which specialized in hard-to-find vinyl. He also worked in the live music business as the road manager for Ben Vaughn. Harris has expanded programming at the HOF, partnering with more traditional museums such as New York City's Metropolitan Museum of Art in 2019 to create a gigantic collection of musical instruments and photographs to accompany them. During COVID-19, the HOF expanded its educational outreach and put more of its programming on YouTube where they were able to reach hundreds of teachers daily. Harris has also been instrumental in an upcoming expansion of the HOF, a project that will break ground in 2022. Harris was born West Trenton, New Jersey. His family moved to Morrisville, Pennsylvania when he was ten years old. He graduated from Temple University with a B.A. in history in 1989, and earned a Master’s in history and museum studies from the Cooperstown Graduate Program at SUNY Oneonta. References 1965 births Living people Rock and Roll Hall of Fame People from Ewing Township, New Jersey People from Morrisville, Pennsylvania Temple University alumni State University of New York at Oneonta alumni", "title": "Greg S. Harris" }, { "docid": "59962020", "text": "The Iowa Great Lakes Recording Company, Inc was a recording studio located at 906 9th St. in Milford, Iowa, in the area of Iowa known as the Iowa Great Lakes region. Co-founders and original owners Roger Blunt, Cliff Plagman and John Senn started the process of building the studio in February 1965, officially opening for business on June 1, 1965. IGL Recording Company was the second known recording facility in the state at the time and the first to use multi-track tape machines. After its opening until its closing in 1980 the studio hosted hundreds of groups and individuals, releasing over 200 records. The recording that brought IGL to the attention of a broader audience was Peter Rabbit by Dee Jay and the Runaways, which was initially released on IGL's own label and later leased to Mercury/Smash Records. The studio recorded many different styles of music including rock, pop, gospel, polka and school choirs. On January 1, 1980, John Senn, sole owner at the time, closed the studio. The IGL Recording Co. has been inducted into the Iowa Rock 'n' Roll Hall of Fame, Minnesota Music Hall of Fame and South Dakota Rock and Roll Hall of Fame. History The Iowa Great Lakes Recording Company, Inc.—or simply IGL—was founded by Roger Blunt, Cliff Plagman and John Senn. Senn became acquainted with Blunt and Plagman through a bandmate, Chuck Maranell, who worked at the same hardware store with the pair in 1960. Blunt owned a reel to reel tape recorder and had recorded a band whose members included Senn and Maranell in 1961. Due to the less than acceptable quality of this recording, Blunt, along with his tape recorder, accompanied the group to a radio station in Minnesota to record the group in what was hoped to be a better environment for such an endeavor. This event planted the idea for what became IGL. From 1961 until 1964 the trio of Blunt, Plagman and Senn had informal discussions on putting together a recording studio in their area. At that time the closest studio in Iowa was 350 miles away. Other choices were Minneapolis, La Crosse, Omaha and Chicago. Plagman, who was adept at electronics, had his own business selling and repairing TVs at this time. Blunt was still improving his skills at recording and was gaining insight into the reproduction of sound. Senn was involved with the performance end of music and was aware of the needs of musicians for a more conveniently located recording facility. Combining their talents the three gentlemen moved forward to make the studio a reality. The location of the studio was in the back of Plagman's store (formerly known as the Palmer Building) at the corner of 9th St. and Highway 71 in Milford, Iowa. Plagman had become acquainted with Vic Blacketer who was a distributor of radio broadcast gear in Des Moines, Iowa. Seeking his advice, Blacketer gave his approval on the space the trio chose for the studio. Using Sun Studio in Memphis as", "title": "Iowa Great Lakes Recording Company" }, { "docid": "40573820", "text": "The Who are one of the most critically acclaimed rock bands, and have received numerous awards and accolades that reflect both their enduring popularity and commercial success. Awards The Who were inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 1990, the UK Music Hall of Fame in 2005, and won the first annual Freddie Mercury Lifetime Achievement in Live Music Award in 2006. They received a Lifetime Achievement Award from the British Phonographic Industry in 1988, and from the Grammy Foundation in 2001, for creative contributions of outstanding artistic significance to the field of recording. Tommy was inducted into the Grammy Hall of Fame in 1998, \"My Generation\" in 1999 and Who's Next in 2007. My Generation was selected for preservation in the United States National Recording Registry in 2009. \"Baba O'Riley\", \"Go to the Mirror!\", \"I Can See For Miles\" and \"My Generation\", were included in The Rock and Roll Hall of Fame's 500 Songs that Shaped Rock and Roll. The Broadway version of Tommy, The Who's Tommy, won five Tony Awards and three Drama Desk Awards in 1993, while the London version won three Laurence Olivier Awards in 1997. Similarly, the movie adaptation of Tommy won the award for \"Rock Movie of the Year\" in the first annual Rock Music Awards in 1975. In 1974, NME awarded \"5:15\" the \"Best British Single\" award. Similarly, NME awarded Keith Moon the award for \"Best Drummer\" in 1978. The following year, NME awarded the film Quadrophenia the \"Film of the Year\" award. In 2005 The Who received the Nordoff Robbins Silver Clef Award for their outstanding contribution to music. At the 31st annual awards ceremony on 7 December 2008, Townshend and Daltrey received Kennedy Center Honors; the first rock band to be so honoured. VH1 Rock Honors 2008 paid homage to The Who with tribute performances from Pearl Jam, Foo Fighters, Flaming Lips, Incubus and Tenacious D. On 12 March 2011, Roger Daltrey received the Steiger Award for excellence in music. Roger Daltrey and Pete Townshend received the Classic Album Award for Quadrophenia from the Classic Rock Roll of Honour Awards at The Roundhouse, 9 November 2011, in London, England. On 6 September 2012, it was announced that Pete Townshend will be presented with the prestigious Les Paul Award at the 28th Annual TEC Awards on 25 January 2013. According to Michael Braunstein, Executive Director of the Les Paul Foundation, he said \"Pete Townshend personifies both guitar wizardry and technical prowess in both studio and live music performance. He is a true original and a natural choice for the Les Paul Award honor\". Album awards The Who had seven albums on Rolling Stones 500 Greatest Albums of All Time list in 2003, more than any other act with the exceptions of the Beatles, Bob Dylan, the Rolling Stones and Bruce Springsteen. \"Baba O'Riley\", \"My Generation\" and \"Won't Get Fooled Again\" were ranked at No. 159, No. 232, and No. 295. respectively on Rolling Stones list of \"500 Greatest Songs", "title": "List of awards and nominations received by the Who" }, { "docid": "49598454", "text": "The Iowa Rock 'n' Roll Hall of Fame is a museum located in Arnolds Park, Iowa, and maintained by the non-profit Iowa Rock 'n' Roll Music Association (IRRMA). The mission of IRRMA is to \"retain and honor the legacy of rock 'n' roll music and preserve the history of music in the state of Iowa.\" Established in 1997, IRRMA inducts members into the Hall of Fame annually in one or more of these categories: Artists, Establishments, Establishment Owners, Media Personalities, Songwriters, Record Companies, Managers, and Agencies. The museum was opened in 2003. Notable inductees include Chase, Billy Dale Fries, The Big Bopper, Buddy Holly, Ritchie Valens and The Everly Brothers. History IRRMA was founded in 1997 as the first state non-profit music association dedicated to rock 'n' roll of significance to the state. Inductions to the Hall of Fame began that year, with five bands, two ballrooms, and a radio station making up the inaugural class. In 2003, it became the first state music association to have a free-standing museum. Inductees Artists and bands With the majority of the acts focused in the 1950s and 1960s, inductees include both Iowa-based acts such as the Velaires and regional and national acts of significant importance to the Iowa rock 'n' roll scene such as those that perished near Clear Lake, Iowa, during the Winter Dance Party Tour on February 3, 1959. Ballrooms and venues Recognizing the significance of venues such as the Surf Ballroom to rock 'n' roll history, they are accorded their own category in the Hall of Fame. Other industry categories Making up the record industry and the distribution and marketing of early rock 'n' roll, the Hall of Fame has separate categories for: Booking agents/promoters Composers Deejays Managers Media representatives Music stores Radio stations Record stores Record labels Recording studios Venue managers Venue owners Writers Other categories IRRMA Lifetime Achievement Award Matousek Family Lifetime Achievement Award Members Spirit Award Support People Other Museum The museum \"provides visitors with an in-depth look at Iowa’s rockin' roots through informative exhibits\". It contains memorabilia from many of the inductees represented. It is open every day from Memorial Day to Labor Day and two days a week otherwise. Tours are available. In 2013, it was announced that a new 12,000 ft2 facility was being developed to house the museum. See also List of music museums References State halls of fame in the United States Halls of fame in Iowa Rock and roll Music halls of fame Museums in Dickinson County, Iowa", "title": "Iowa Rock 'n' Roll Hall of Fame" }, { "docid": "1618803", "text": "Hilton Stewart Paterson Valentine (21 May 1943 – 29 January 2021) was an English skiffle and rock and roll musician who was the original guitarist in The Animals. He was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 1994 and into Hollywood’s Rock Walk of Fame in 2001 with the other members of The Animals. Following The Animals' breakup in 1966, Valentine produced several solo albums including All in Your Head (1969) and It’s Folk ‘N’ Skiffle, Mate! (2004). He also toured New England and participated in several The Animals reunions. Early life Valentine was born in North Shields, North Tyneside, England, and was influenced by the 1950s skiffle craze. His mother bought him his first guitar in 1956 when he was 13, he taught himself some chords from a book called Teach Yourself a Thousand Chords. Early career He continued to develop his musical talent at Tynemouth High School and formed his own skiffle group called the Heppers. They played local gigs and a newspaper described them at the time as, \"A young but promising skiffle group\". The Heppers eventually evolved into a rock and roll band, the Wildcats in c. 1959. During this period Valentine played a Futurama III solid guitar, this was the UK brandname of importer Selmer, his next guitar was a Burns Vibra-Artiste which he bought in 1960–61. The Wildcats were a popular band in the Tyneside area, getting a lot of bookings for dance halls, working men's clubs, church halls etc., and it was during this period that they decided to record a 10\" acetate LP titled Sounds of the Wild Cats (sic). Professional career The Animals In 1963, the Animals were starting to form and Chas Chandler heard about Hilton Valentine's wild guitar playing and asked him to join what was then the Alan Price Combo. Eric Burdon was already a member and John Steel joined immediately following Valentine's arrival. Within a few months, this group changed their name to the Animals. While the Animals are often remembered most for Burdon's vocals and Price's organ, Valentine is credited with the electric guitar arpeggio introduction to the Animals' 1964 signature song \"The House of the Rising Sun\", which inspired countless beginner guitarists. It was played on his Gretsch Tennessean guitar which he bought in Newcastle in early 1962 while he was still with the Wildcats, and a Selmer amplifier. Later, in 1964, Rickenbacker gave him a 1964 Rose Morris guitar to use along with a 12-string model. Valentine continued to play and record with the Animals, until the first incarnation of the band dissolved in September 1966. Reunions In 1977, Valentine rejoined the group and recorded a reunion album called Before We Were So Rudely Interrupted. Along with Eric Burdon, Chas Chandler, Alan Price and John Steel, Valentine was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 1994. Along with the other Animals, Hilton was inducted into Hollywood's Rock Walk of Fame in May 2001. Later career After he left", "title": "Hilton Valentine" }, { "docid": "51845", "text": "Richard Steven Valenzuela (May 13, 1941 – February 3, 1959), better known by his stage name Ritchie Valens, was an American guitarist, singer and songwriter. A rock and roll pioneer and a forefather of the Chicano rock movement, Valens died in a plane crash just eight months after his breakthrough. Valens had several hits, most notably \"La Bamba\", which he had adapted from a Mexican folk song. Valens transformed the song into one with a rock rhythm and beat, and it became a hit in 1958, making Valens a pioneer of the Spanish-speaking rock and roll movement. He also had an American number-two hit with \"Donna\". On February 3, 1959, on what has become known as \"The Day the Music Died\", Valens died in a plane crash in Iowa, an accident that also claimed the lives of fellow musicians Buddy Holly and J. P. \"The Big Bopper\" Richardson, as well as pilot Roger Peterson. Valens was 17 years old at the time of his death. He was posthumously inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame, the Rockabilly Hall of Fame, The Native American Music Awards Hall of Fame, The California Hall of Fame, and has a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame. Early life Valens was born as Richard Steven Valenzuela on May 13, 1941, in Pacoima, a neighborhood in the San Fernando Valley region of Los Angeles. The son of Joseph Steven Valenzuela (1896–1952) and Concepción \"Concha\" Reyes (1915–1987), he had two half-brothers, Robert \"Bob\" Morales (1937–2018) and Mario Ramirez, and two younger sisters, Connie and Irma. Valenzuela was brought up hearing traditional Mexican mariachi music, as well as flamenco guitar, R&B, and jump blues. He expressed an interest in making music of his own by the age of five. Valenzuela was encouraged by his father to take up guitar and trumpet, and later taught himself the drums. Though Valenzuela was left-handed, he was so eager to learn the guitar that he mastered the traditional right-handed version of the instrument. Valenzuela was a 15-year-old student at Pacoima Junior High School at the time of the 1957 Pacoima mid-air collision. He was not at school that day since he was attending his grandfather's funeral. Recurring nightmares of the disaster led to Valens's fear of flying. By the time Valenzuela was attending Pacoima Junior High School (now Pacoima Middle School), he would bring his guitar to school and sing and play songs to his friends on the bleachers. When Valenzuela was 16 years old, he was invited to join a local band, The Silhouettes (not to be confused with the group of the same name famous for its hit song \"Get a Job\"). Valenzuela began as a guitarist, and when the main vocalist left the group, he assumed the position. On June 19, 1957, Valenzuela made his performing debut with The Silhouettes. Valenzuela also attended San Fernando High School. Career A self-taught musician, Valenzuela was an accomplished singer and guitarist. At his appearances, Valenzuela often improvised new lyrics", "title": "Ritchie Valens" }, { "docid": "68803135", "text": "The 200 definitive albums in the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame is a 2007 list of the best albums ever produced by artists or bands throughout the history of world music according to the criteria of Rock and Roll Hall of Fame and the National Association of Recording Merchandisers (NARM). Good sales performance and continuity of potential with lasting popularity are adopted as criteria by both. Table of 200 definitive albums Artists or bands that appear the most in the ranking Definitive albums ranked by decade See also Rock and Roll Hall of Fame Advocate List References Rock and Roll Hall of Fame Albums", "title": "List of 200 Definitive Albums in the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame" }, { "docid": "23295233", "text": "This is a list of awards and nominations received by Def Leppard. The English rock band Def Leppard formed in 1977 as part of the new wave of British heavy metal movement. American Music Awards The American Music Awards is an annual awards ceremony created by Dick Clark in 1973. Def Leppard has been nominated seven times overall due to the band's large popularity in the United States. |- | rowspan=2 align=\"center\"| ||Def Leppard|| Favorite Pop/Rock Band/Duo/Group || |- |- |Pyromania ||Favorite Pop/Rock Album || |- |- | rowspan=4 align=\"center\"| |||Def Leppard||Favorite Pop/Rock Band/Duo/Group || |- |- |Hysteria|| Favorite Pop/Rock Album || |- |- |Def Leppard|| Favorite Heavy Metal/Hard Rock Artist || |- |- |Hysteria|| Favorite Heavy Metal/Hard Rock Album || |- |- | align=\"center\"| ||Def Leppard|| Favorite Heavy Metal/Hard Rock Artist || |- Classic Rock Roll of Honour Awards !Ref. |- | align=\"center\" |2006 || Hysteria || Classic Album || || |- | align=\"center\" |2016 || Def Leppard || Album of the Year || || |- CMT Music Awards The CMT Music Awards is an awards show for country music videos. Def Leppard had 2 nominations in 2009 for a collaboration with Taylor Swift. |- | rowspan=2 align=\"center\"| 2009 ||rowspan=2|\"Photograph\" (with Taylor Swift) || Wide Open Country Video of the Year|| |- |- | CMT Performance of the Year|| |- Metal Hammer Golden Gods Awards !Ref. |- | align=\"center\"| 2009 || Def Leppard || Legends Award || || |- MTV Video Music Awards The MTV Video Music Awards is an annual awards ceremony established in 1984 by MTV. have Def Leppard received six nomination overall. |- | rowspan=2 align=\"center\"| ||rowspan=2|\"Pour Some Sugar On Me\" || Best Heavy Metal Video || |- |- | Best Stage Performance in a Video || |- |- | rowspan=4 align=\"center\"| ||rowspan=4|\"Let's Get Rocked\" || Viewer's Choice || |- |- | Best Metal/Hard Rock Video || |- |- | Best Special Effects || |- |- | Video of the Year || |- Planet Rock Awards ! Ref. |- | align=\"center\"| 2017 || Def Leppard || The Brick Wall Award || || |- Rock and Roll Hall of Fame The Rock and Roll Hall of Fame honors artists, producers, engineers, and other notable figures who have influenced the development of rock music. They were inducted into the 2019 Performer Category alongside The Cure, Janet Jackson, Stevie Nicks, Radiohead, Roxy Music and the Zombies on March 29, 2019. ! Ref. |- | align=\"center\"| 2019 || Def Leppard || Rock and Roll Hall of Fame || || |- References Awards Lists of awards received by British musician Lists of awards received by musical group", "title": "List of awards and nominations received by Def Leppard" }, { "docid": "571489", "text": "Alan Price (born 19 April 1942) is an English musician who first found prominence as the original keyboardist of the English rock band the Animals. He left the band in 1965 to form the Alan Price Set; his hit singles with and without the group include \"Simon Smith and the Amazing Dancing Bear\", \"The House That Jack Built\", \"Rosetta\" (with Georgie Fame) and \"Jarrow Song\". Price is also known for work in film and television, taking occasional acting roles and composing the soundtrack of Lindsay Anderson's film O Lucky Man! (1973). He was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 1994 as a member of the Animals. Early life and career Price was born in Fatfield, Washington, County Durham. He was educated at Jarrow Grammar School, County Durham. Music The Animals A self-taught musician, he was a founding member of the Tyneside group the Alan Price Rhythm and Blues Combo, which was later renamed the Animals. His organ playing on songs by the Animals, such as \"The House of the Rising Sun\", \"Don't Let Me Be Misunderstood\", and \"Bring It On Home to Me\" was a key element in the group's success. As a member of the Animals, he appeared on numerous television shows including Ready Steady Go!, The Ed Sullivan Show, Hullabaloo, and Top of the Pops. Price left the band in 1965 because of personal and musical differences, as well as his fear of flying while on tour. In August 1967, he appeared with the Animals at the hippie love-in that was held in the grounds of Woburn Abbey. Price participated in three reunions of the Animals between 1968 and 1984. In July 1983, the band started its last world tour. Price's solo performance of \"O Lucky Man\" was included in its set. In 1984, the band broke up for the final time, and the album Greatest Hits Live (Rip It to Shreds) was released, composed of recordings from the band’s concert at Wembley Arena in London supporting the Police. Price was inducted as a member of the Animals into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 1994. The Alan Price Set Price formed The Alan Price Set in 1965, with the line-up of Price, Clive Burrows (baritone saxophone), Steve Gregory (tenor saxophone), John Walters (trumpet), Peter Kirtley (guitar), Rod \"Boots\" Slade (bass) and \"Little\" Roy Mills (drums). In the same year, he appeared in the film Don't Look Back which featured Bob Dylan on tour in the UK. Solo During 1966, he enjoyed singles success with \"I Put a Spell on You\", which reached number 9 in the UK singles chart, and \"Hi-Lili, Hi-Lo\" which reached number 11 in the same chart. In 1967, the Randy Newman song \"Simon Smith and His Amazing Dancing Bear\" reached number four in the chart, as did his self-penned song, \"The House That Jack Built\". \"Don't Stop the Carnival\" followed in 1968, and rose to number 13 in the UK singles charts. Price went on to host", "title": "Alan Price" }, { "docid": "98419", "text": "Jerry Lee Lewis (September 29, 1935October 28, 2022) was an American pianist, singer and songwriter. Nicknamed \"The Killer\", he was described as \"rock 'n' roll's first great wild man\". A pioneer of rock 'n' roll and rockabilly music, Lewis made his first recordings in 1952 at Cosimo Matassa's J&M Studio in New Orleans, Louisiana, and early recordings in 1956 at Sun Records in Memphis, Tennessee. \"Crazy Arms\" sold 300,000 copies in the Southern United States, but it was his 1957 hit \"Whole Lotta Shakin' Goin' On\" that shot Lewis to worldwide fame. He followed this with the major hits \"Great Balls of Fire\", \"Breathless\", and \"High School Confidential\". His rock and roll career faltered in the wake of his marriage to Myra Gale Brown, his 13-year-old first cousin once removed. His popularity quickly eroded following the scandal, and with few exceptions, such as a cover of Ray Charles's \"What'd I Say\", he did not have much chart success in the early 1960s. His live performances at this time were increasingly wild and energetic. His 1964 live album Live at the Star Club, Hamburg is regarded by many music journalists and fans as one of the wildest and greatest live rock albums ever. In 1968, Lewis made a transition into country music and had hits with songs such as \"Another Place, Another Time\". This reignited his career, and throughout the late 1960s and 1970s, he regularly topped the country-western charts; throughout his seven-decade career, Lewis had 30 songs reach the Top 10 on the Billboard Country and Western Chart. His No. 1 country hits included \"To Make Love Sweeter for You\", \"There Must Be More to Love Than This\", \"Would You Take Another Chance on Me\", and \"Me and Bobby McGee\". Lewis's successes continued throughout the decades, and he embraced his rock and roll past with songs such as a cover of The Big Bopper's \"Chantilly Lace\" and Mack Vickery's \"Rockin' My Life Away\". In the 21st century, Lewis continued to tour worldwide and released new albums. His 2006 album Last Man Standing was his best-selling release, with over a million copies worldwide. This was followed by Mean Old Man in 2010, another of his bestselling albums. Lewis had a dozen gold records in rock and country. He won four Grammy awards, including a Grammy Lifetime Achievement Award and two Grammy Hall of Fame Awards. Lewis was inducted into the inaugural class of the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 1986, and his pioneering contribution to the genre was recognized by the Rockabilly Hall of Fame. He was also a member of the inaugural class inducted into the Memphis Music Hall of Fame. He was inducted into the Country Music Hall of Fame in 2022. In 1989, his life was chronicled in the movie Great Balls of Fire, starring Dennis Quaid. In 2003, Rolling Stone listed his box set All Killer, No Filler: The Anthology at number 242 on their list of \"500 Greatest Albums of All Time\". In 2004,", "title": "Jerry Lee Lewis" }, { "docid": "2771889", "text": "Paul Steven Ripley (January 1, 1950 – January 3, 2019) was an American recording artist, record producer, songwriter, studio engineer, guitarist, and inventor. He entered the music industry in 1977. He was also the leader/producer of country rock band The Tractors. Early life and education Ripley was born in Boise, Idaho, but grew up in Oklahoma: he attended Glencoe High School in Glencoe, Oklahoma, and graduated from Oklahoma State University. Career Ripley's band Moses chose the name Red Dirt Records for their 1972 self-published live album; the first usage of Red Dirt. Ripley worked as a studio musician, producer, and recording engineer, working with Bob Dylan, playing guitar (on Shot of Love) and on the \"Shot of Love\" tour, with J. J. Cale (on Shades, 8 and Roll On), and he produced Clarence \"Gatemouth\" Brown and Roy Clark (on Makin' Music) and Johnnie Lee Wills (on Reunion) and 20/20 (on “Sex Trap”). Dylan listed Ripley as one of his favorite guitarists. In 1982, Ripley founded Ripley Guitars in Burbank, California. He created guitars for Steve Lukather, J. J. Cale, John Hiatt, Ry Cooder, Jimmy Buffett and Eddie Van Halen, before moving to Tulsa in 1987 and buying Leon Russell's former recording studio, The Church Studio. In 1994 he formed the country band, The Tractors. He is the co-writer of the country hit \"Baby Likes to Rock It\". In 2002, he created his own record label (Boy Rocking Records) to produce artists including The Tractors, Leon Russell and The Red Dirt Rangers. In 2009, he produced and hosted a 20-part radio series on the history of Oklahoma rock and roll, that aired on Oklahoma public radio stations. It was entitled \"Oklahoma Rock and Roll with Steve Ripley.\" In 2013 Ripley produced the album Lone Chimney by the Red Dirt Rangers. Ripley was inducted into the Oklahoma Music Awards Red Dirt Hall of Fame along with Bob Childers and Tom Skinner at the ceremony for the First Annual Red Dirt Music Awards held on Sunday, November 9, 2003 at Cain's Ballroom in Tulsa. In 2015, Ripley worked alongside staff at the Oklahoma Historical Society to create a \"Church Studio\" exhibit space at the Oklahoma History Center. He remastered several of Leon Russell's songs that were available in a touchscreen kiosk that allowed a visitor to adjust individual instruments and vocal tracks to comprehend how multitrack recording works. In 2016 Ripley produced and curated a concert at Cain's Ballroom to celebrate the music and legacy of Bob Dylan. After his death in 2020 Ripley was inducted into the Oklahoma Historians Hall of Fame by the Oklahoma Historical Society and also received the Restless Spirit Award from the Red Dirt Relief Fund. Death Ripley died from cancer on January 3, 2019, two days after his 69th birthday, at his home in Pawnee, Oklahoma. Discography The Tractors 1994 : The Tractors (Arista) 1995 : Have Yourself a Tractors Christmas (Arista) 1998 : Farmers in a Changing World (Arista) 2001 : Fast Girl (Boy Rocking) 2002", "title": "Steve Ripley" }, { "docid": "10739363", "text": "David Prater Jr. (May 9, 1937 – April 9, 1988) was an American Southern soul and rhythm & blues singer and musician, who was the deeper baritone/tenor vocalist of the soul vocal duo Sam & Dave from 1961 until his death in 1988. He is a member of the Rock & Roll Hall of Fame (1992), the Grammy Hall of Fame (1999, for the song \"Soul Man\"), the Vocal Group Hall of Fame, and the Georgia Music Hall of Fame (1997), and he was a Grammy Award–winning (1967) and multiple Gold Record award-winning recording artist. Biography Sam & Dave were the most successful and critically acclaimed duo in soul music history, according to Rolling Stone magazine, and brought the sounds of the black gospel church to pop music with their string of call-and-response hit records. Primarily recorded at Stax Records in Memphis, Tennessee, from 1965 through 1968, these songs included \"Soul Man\", \"Hold On, I'm Coming\", \"I Thank You\", and other Southern soul classics. Other than Aretha Franklin, no other soul act during Sam & Dave's hitmaking Stax years (1966–1968) had more consistent R&B chart success, which included 10 consecutive top 20 singles and 3 consecutive top 10 LPs. \"Soul Man\" has been recognized as one of the best or most influential songs of the past 50 years by many organizations, including the Grammy Hall of Fame, the Rock & Roll Hall of Fame, Rolling Stone Magazine, and RIAA Songs of the Century. \"Soul Man\" was used as the soundtrack and title for both a 1986 film and a 1997–1998 television series. Nicknamed \"Double Dynamite\" for their energetic and sweaty, gospel-infused performances, Sam & Dave were also considered by critics to be one of the greatest live performing acts of the 1960s. The duo has been cited as a musical influence by numerous artists, including Bruce Springsteen, Michael Jackson, Phil Collins, and Stevie Winwood. The Blues Brothers, and the film of the same name, helped create a major resurgence of popular interest in soul, R&B, and blues music in the 1980s, and the franchise was heavily influenced by Sam & Dave; their biggest hit was their top 20 cover of \"Soul Man\", and their act and stage show was patterned after Sam & Dave's. Early years (1958–1964) The seventh of ten children, Prater was born in Ocilla, Georgia, where he grew up singing gospel music in the church choir, and was a veteran of the gospel group the Sensational Hummingbirds, in which he sang with his older brother, J. T. Prater. Dave Prater met his future partner, Sam Moore, in the King of Hearts Club in Miami in 1961, signing to Roulette Records shortly thereafter. Sam & Dave released six singles for Roulette, including two songs that Prater co-wrote with Moore. Prater was typically featured as the lead vocalist on these records, with Moore typically singing harmony and alternate verses. Stax years (1965–1968) They were signed in late 1964 by Jerry Wexler to Atlantic Records, with an agreement that allowed", "title": "Dave Prater" }, { "docid": "164426", "text": "James Edward Burton (born August 21, 1939, in Dubberly, Louisiana) is an American guitarist. A member of the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame since 2001 (his induction speech was given by longtime fan Keith Richards), Burton has also been recognized by the Rockabilly Hall of Fame and the Musicians Hall of Fame and Museum. He was elected into the Country Music Hall of Fame in 2024. Critic Mark Deming writes that \"Burton has a well-deserved reputation as one of the finest guitar pickers in either country or rock ... Burton is one of the best guitar players to ever touch a fretboard.\" He is ranked number 24 in Rolling Stone list of 250 greatest guitarists of all time. Since the 1950s, Burton has recorded and performed with an array of singers, including Bob Luman, Dale Hawkins, Ricky Nelson, Elvis Presley (and was leader of Presley's TCB Band), The Everly Brothers, Johnny Cash, Merle Haggard, Glen Campbell, John Denver, Gram Parsons, Emmylou Harris, Judy Collins, Jerry Lee Lewis, Claude King, Elvis Costello, Joe Osborn, Roy Orbison, Joni Mitchell, Hoyt Axton, Townes Van Zandt, Steve Young, Vince Gill, and Suzi Quatro. Biography Early life and career Burton was born in Dubberly in south Webster Parish near Minden, Louisiana, to Guy M. Burton (1909–2001) and the former Lola Poland (1914–2011), a native of rural Fryeburg in Bienville Parish. She was the daughter of James and Althius Poland. Burton's wife is Louise Burton. Self-taught, Burton began playing guitar during childhood. He was hired to be part of the staff band for the popular Louisiana Hayride radio show in Shreveport. While he was still a teenager, Burton left Shreveport for Los Angeles, where he joined Ricky Nelson's band. There, he made numerous recordings as a session musician. Burton created and played the guitar solo on Dale Hawkins 1957 hit song \"Susie Q\", a record that would become one of the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame's 500 Songs that Shaped Rock and Roll. With Rick Nelson Burton played guitar on the majority of Rick Nelson's songs recorded during the first 11 years of Nelson's career, beginning with his premiere at Master Recorders in Hollywood on November 18, 1957, for the classic \"Stood Up\"/\"Waitin' in School\" rockabilly single (Burton was relegated to rhythm as Joe Maphis was still playing lead guitar at the time). In 1965 he started working on the television program Shindig! which curtailed his touring with Nelson. However, Burton continued contributing to his friend's studio albums through the Perspective sessions in April 1968. As a studio musician The Shindig! exposure led to recording session work with a variety of artists, mostly as an unattributed sideman. In 1967 Burton played Dobro on the Richie Furay song, \"A Child's Claim To Fame\" on Buffalo Springfield's second album, Buffalo Springfield Again. Due to the volume of work, Burton turned down an offer to join Bob Dylan's first touring band, and another offer to play on Elvis Presley's 1968 comeback TV special Elvis. With Elvis Presley", "title": "James Burton" }, { "docid": "165924", "text": "The Moonglows were an American R&B group in the 1950s. Their song \"Sincerely\" went to number 1 on the Billboard R&B chart and number 20 on the Billboard Juke Box chart. They were inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 2000. Career Early years Fresh from a stint in the U.S. Army, two friends, Harvey Fuqua and Bobby Lester, formed a duo in 1949 in Louisville, Kentucky, United States. In 1951, Fuqua moved to Cleveland and formed the Crazy Sounds with the singers Danny Coggins and Prentiss Barnes. Lester joined them later. In 1952, while performing at a Cleveland club, the Crazy Sounds auditioned for the club's management. They soon got in contact with the radio host Alan Freed, who upon hearing them became the group's manager. Freed renamed the group the Moonglows, after his own nickname, Moondog. They signed with Freed's Champagne label, but their recordings for the label failed to make the charts. Coggins left the group and was replaced by Alexander Walton, who was sometimes known as Pete Graves or Pete Walton. In 1953, they recorded for another small label, Chance, but like their Champagne recordings, their records had little success; their cover of Doris Day's \"Secret Love\" was their most successful for Chance. In September 1953, Freed obtained a contract with the New York radio station WINS. His success as a broadcaster and host of the station led to a contract for the Moonglows with Chess Records. Success Their first Chess single, \"Sincerely\", led by Lester, reached number one on the Billboard R&B chart and the top 20 of the pop chart. The song was later a crossover success in a cover version by the McGuire Sisters. In 1955, the band picked the guitarist Billy Johnson to be their fifth member after Wayne Bennett left the group following their engagement at the Apollo Theater. That same year, the group had another R&B hit with \"Most of All\", followed by a more modest success with \"We Go Together\" in 1956. Chess issued some of their recordings with the group credited as the Moonlighters. For most of the Moonglows' tenure, the lead vocals were split between Lester and Fuqua. Lester preferred doo-wop ballads, whereas Fuqua preferred rock-and-roll songs. The two also recorded vocal duets. Their next hits, in 1956, included \"See Saw\", which peaked at number five R&B and number 25 on the Billboard Top 100, and \"When I'm with You\". which reached number 15 on the R&B chart. In August 1956, the band appeared in one of the first rock-and-roll movies, Rock, Rock, Rock, lip-syncing \"Over and Over Again\" and \"I Knew From The Start\". By December 1956, Fuqua had begun to sing most of the vocal leads. In June 1957, the Moonglows had an R&B hit with their cover of Percy Mayfield's \"Please Send Me Someone to Love\". In late 1958, the Fuqua-led \"Ten Commandments of Love\" (used in soundtrack of \"A Bronx Tale\") reached number nine R&B and number 22 pop; the", "title": "The Moonglows" }, { "docid": "164479", "text": "Curtis Lee Mayfield (June 3, 1942 – December 26, 1999) was an American singer-songwriter, guitarist, and record producer, and one of the most influential musicians behind soul and politically conscious African-American music. Dubbed the \"Gentle Genius\", he first achieved success and recognition with the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame-inducted group the Impressions during the civil rights movement of the late 1950s and the 1960s, and later worked as a solo artist. Mayfield started his musical career in a gospel choir. Moving to the North Side of Chicago, he met Jerry Butler in 1956 at the age of 14, and joined the vocal group The Impressions. As a songwriter, Mayfield became noted as one of the first musicians to bring more prevalent themes of social awareness into soul music. In 1965, he wrote \"People Get Ready\" for The Impressions, which was ranked at no. 24 on Rolling Stone's list of the 500 Greatest Songs of All Time. The song received numerous other awards; it was included in the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame's \"500 Songs that Shaped Rock and Roll\", and was inducted into the Grammy Hall of Fame in 1998. After leaving The Impressions in 1970 in the pursuit of a solo career, Mayfield released several albums, including the soundtrack for the blaxploitation film Super Fly in 1972. The soundtrack was noted for its socially conscious themes, mostly addressing problems surrounding inner city minorities such as crime, poverty and drug abuse. The album was ranked at no. 72 on Rolling Stones list of the 500 Greatest Albums of All Time. Mayfield was paralyzed from the neck down after lighting equipment fell on him during a live performance at Wingate Field in Flatbush, Brooklyn, New York, on August 13, 1990. Despite this, he continued his career as a recording artist, releasing his final album New World Order in 1996. Mayfield won a Grammy Legend Award in 1994 and a Grammy Lifetime Achievement Award in 1995. He is a double inductee into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame, as a member of The Impressions in 1991, and again in 1999 as a solo artist. He was also a two-time Grammy Hall of Fame inductee. He died from complications of type 2 diabetes at the age of 57 on December 26, 1999. Early life Curtis Lee Mayfield was born on Wednesday, June 3, 1942, in Cook County Hospital in Chicago, Illinois, the son of Marion Washington and Kenneth Mayfield, one of five children. Mayfield's father left the family when Curtis was five; his mother (and maternal grandmother) moved the family into several Chicago public housing projects before settling in Cabrini–Green during his teen years. Mayfield attended Wells Community Academy High School before dropping out his second year. His mother taught him piano and, along with his grandmother, encouraged him to enjoy gospel music. At the age of seven he sang publicly at his aunt's church with the Northern Jubilee Gospel Singers. Mayfield received his first guitar when he was ten,", "title": "Curtis Mayfield" }, { "docid": "22814314", "text": "Classic Rock Roll of Honour Awards |- | 2007 || Kiss Alive! 1975-2000 || Best Reissue || |- | 2008 || Paul Stanley || Showman Award || |- Grammy Awards The Grammy Awards are awarded annually by the National Academy of Recording Arts and Sciences. Kiss has received one award nomination. |- | align=\"center\"| || \"Psycho Circus\" || Best Hard Rock Performance || |- Metal Edge Readers' Choice Awards MTV Video Music Awards The MTV Video Music Awards is an annual awards ceremony established in 1984 by MTV. KISS has received one nomination. |- | align=\"center\"| ||\"All Hell's Breakin' Loose\" ||Best Cinematography || |- People's Choice Awards The People's Choice Awards is an awards show recognizing the people and the work of popular culture. Kiss has received one award to date, for the song \"Beth\" in 1977. |- | align=\"center\"| 1977 ||\"Beth\" || Favorite New Song || |- Rock and Roll Hall of Fame The Rock and Roll Hall of Fame is a museum and award show dedicated to honoring the history and cultural impact of rock and roll. KISS was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame on April 10, 2014 |- | align=\"center\"| 2014 || Kiss || Rock and Roll Hall of Fame inductee || |- References Awards Lists of awards received by American musician Lists of awards received by musical group", "title": "List of awards and nominations received by Kiss" }, { "docid": "2267673", "text": "The Wrestling Observer Newsletter (WON) Hall of Fame is a professional wrestling and mixed martial arts (MMA) hall of fame that recognizes people who make significant contributions to their professions. It was founded in 1996 by Dave Meltzer, editor of WON. Like many other wrestling halls of fame, such as the WWE, TNA, ROH and WCW halls of fame, WONs Hall of Fame is not contained in a building, and there are no ceremonies for inductions other than a highly detailed biographical documentation of their career in the newsletter. Inductees include wrestlers/fighters, managers, promoters, trainers, and commentators. On select occasions, groups, either tag teams, trios, or quartets, have been inducted rather than the individual members of the group. This first occurred in 1996, when The Fabulous Kangaroos and The Road Warriors entered the hall. The Fabulous Freebirds, The Midnight Express, The Rock 'n' Roll Express, The Assassins, The Holy Demon Army, The Sharpe Brothers, Los Misioneros de la Muerte, and Los Brazos among others all also entered as groups. Occasionally entire wrestling families have been inducted into the hall. This first occurred in 1996 when The Dusek Family entered the hall; in 2022, the five man familial team of Los Villanos was inducted. Starting in 2022, it became possible for a wrestler to be placed in the Hall of Fame multiple times, much like inductees into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame. So far, four people have achieved this double honor: Villano III, Argentina Rocca, Jack Brisco, and Jackie Sato. Each are inducted as a singles performer and a team member (Villano III as part of Los Villanos, Rocca as part of Rocca and Perez, Jack Brisco as part of the Brisco Brothers, and Jackie Sato as part of Beauty Pair). Meltzer began the Hall of Fame by choosing a list of 122 inaugural inductees in 1996. Since then, wrestlers from past and present, others employed in the professional wrestling industry, and wrestling journalists and historians have been selected by Meltzer to cast secret ballots to determine annual groups of inductees. Voting criteria include the length of time spent in wrestling, historical significance, ability to attract viewers, and wrestling ability. Inductees must have at least 15 years of experience in the wrestling business or be over 35 years old and have 10 years of experience. To gain membership in the hall, potential inductees must receive 60% support on the ballots from their geographic region. Any person that gets less than 10% of the vote is eliminated from the ballot. If a person fails to get inducted 15 years after being put on the ballot, they must get 50% of the vote or be eliminated. There are 255 inductees, including the multiple teams, trios, and stables. In 2008, a recall vote was held asking if 2003 inductee Chris Benoit, who killed his wife and son before committing suicide in June 2007, should remain in the hall. To have Benoit removed, Meltzer required that 60% of voters must agree with the", "title": "Wrestling Observer Newsletter Hall of Fame" } ]

[ "Cleveland , Ohio" ]

[ { "docid": "43740584", "text": "An American Girl: McKenna Shoots for the Stars (released in PAL territories as American Girl: Shooting for the Stars) is a 2012 American family drama film starring actress Jade Pettyjohn, Ysa Penarejo, Cathy Rigby, Nia Vardalos, and Ian Ziering. This film is based on the McKenna books in the American Girl series written by Mary Casanova. The film is also the second in the series to feature a Girl of the Year character, the first being Chrissa Stands Strong, and is the sixth film in the American Girl series overall. The film is about the life of McKenna Brooks, as she struggles to balance her time at school and in her career as a gymnast. The screenplay was written by Jessica O'Toole and Amy Rardin. The movie was directed by Vince Marcello. Plot Fourth grader McKenna Brooks competes for Shooting Star gymnastics alongside her best friend Toulane Thomas. They both dream of competing in the 2016 Olympics. For now, their immediate goal is to make the regional competitive team. McKenna practices back handspring dismounts for her balance beam routine. However, her coach Isabelle Manning tells her that the move is too advanced for her and she should stick to the easier dismount for now. McKenna and Toulane discuss the new girl Sierra and a girl from another team who is guaranteed to get one of the three spots on the team. After practice, McKenna learns from her parents that her teacher Mr. Wu informed them McKenna's grades are slipping and he recommends she get a middle school reading tutor. McKenna's parents believe that she's spending too much time on gymnastics and not enough on school. McKenna refuses a tutor and promises to bring her grades up as there's going to be a science quiz the next day. She starts to read the science book, but doesn't understand it and quits. The next day at school, McKenna struggles during the quiz and ends up cheating off of Sierra's paper. She gets caught by Mr. Wu. and is given a zero. McKenna's parents then give her an ultimatum to either meet with a tutor or quit gymnastics. The next day, McKenna meets her tutor Josie Myers, who uses a wheelchair, at the school's library. McKenna hides from Sierra to avoid embarrassment. After showing little progress in reading comprehension, McKenna is angry when Josie tries to make her read \"baby books\". She asks Mr. Wu to find her a new tutor. McKenna tries three different tutors who won't work for her, and Mr. Wu makes her go back to Josie. At a presentation run, the Shooting Stars gymnastics team perform for the parents. McKenna performs her beam routine and disobeys her coach by doing the back handsprings, but falls and breaks her ankle. McKenna is ruled out for eight weeks but starts exercises that don't involve her broken foot in two weeks. Her parents suggest this gives her an opportunity to focus on her schoolwork, but McKenna gets upset and fears giving up", "title": "An American Girl: McKenna Shoots for the Stars" }, { "docid": "41077308", "text": "Jade Pettyjohn (born November 8, 2000) is an American actress. She is known for her roles as McKenna Brooks in An American Girl: McKenna Shoots for the Stars, as Summer on the Nickelodeon television series School of Rock, as Lexie Richardson on the Hulu drama television miniseries Little Fires Everywhere, and as Grace Sullivan on the ABC series Big Sky. Life and career Pettyjohn was born in Los Angeles, California. Prior to her film and television career, she performed alongside a local children's song and dance troupe from the age of seven. Pettyjohn has also played various roles in several television series, such as in Revolution, Criminal Minds: Suspect Behavior, Grimm, The United States Of Tara, The Mentalist, and Pure Genius. She co-starred in the Nickelodeon Original Movie Rufus 2 which aired in January 2017. In September 2017, Pettyjohn was cast as Laura Dern's daughter in the movie Trial by Fire. Additionally, she was added to the cast of the crime thriller film Destroyer, and appeared in the film Against All Enemies. In late 2018, Pettyjohn was cast in Deadwood: The Movie, playing the role of Caroline, a newcomer to the town of Deadwood. In 2019 she was cast in the Hulu television series Little Fires Everywhere playing Lexie Richardson, the daughter of Reese Witherspoon's character. In June 2020, it was announced that Pettyjohn had been cast in the ABC television drama series Big Sky, playing Grace Sullivan who is kidnapped along with her older sister Danielle (Natalie Alyn Lind). Filmography Film Television Video games World of Final Fantasy (2016), as Girl Who Forgot Her Name Awards and nominations References External links 2000 births Living people American child actresses American television actresses American film actresses Actresses from Los Angeles 21st-century American actresses", "title": "Jade Pettyjohn" }, { "docid": "21012788", "text": "American Girl is a line of books, movies, dolls, and accessories based on pre-teen girl characters (aged 11–13) from various periods of history including the 21st century. Several of the characters from the American Girl books have since had their stories adapted into films, the majority of them released as direct-to-DVD or television films, with the exception of Kit Kittredge: An American Girl, which was a theatrical release. Starting with the debut of the Maryellen Larkin doll, American Girl has since expressed interest in producing webseries based on their characters. Synopsis In 2004, American Girl teamed up with Julia Roberts' Red Om Films production company to create the first American Girl movie Samantha: An American Girl Holiday. Samantha was played by AnnaSophia Robb. In 2005 came the second American Girl TV movie Felicity: An American Girl Adventure. It starred Shailene Woodley as Felicity. The third American Girl television movie appeared in 2006. Molly: An American Girl on the Home Front featured Maya Ritter as Molly. The first American Girl movie to appear in theaters was Kit Kittredge: An American Girl; it opened in wide release on July 2, 2008. It was produced by Picture House. Kit was played by Academy Award nominee Abigail Breslin and notable co-stars included Stanley Tucci, Chris O'Donnell, Julia Ormond and Joan Cusack. The first Girl of the Year movie was entitled An American Girl: Chrissa Stands Strong. Chrissa was portrayed by Sammi Hanratty. It was released by HBO directly to DVD on January 6, 2009. McKenna Brooks, the \"Girl of the Year 2012\", has a movie named McKenna Shoots for the Stars released July 3, 2012. The movie, starring Jade Pettyjohn as McKenna, started filming in July 2011 and aired on NBC July 14, 2012. Saige Copeland, Girl of the Year 2013, has a movie named Saige Paints the Sky released July 2, 2013. The movie, starring Sidney Fullmer as Saige, was released on NBC July 13, 2013. A film based on Girl of the Year 2014 Isabelle Palmer entitled Isabelle Dances Into the Spotlight was released July 22, 2014, starring Erin Pitt as the title character. A film based on Girl of the Year 2015 Grace Thomas entitled An American Girl: Grace Stirs Up Success, with Olivia Rodrigo playing the title role, was released June 23, 2015. In November 2015, short independent films were uploaded on American Girl's YouTube page, based on the Maryellen Larkin and Julie Albright characters, the latter in lieu of the previously announced musical film project slated in 2007. The films star Harlie Galloway and Jolie Ledford as Maryellen and Julie, respectively, and marks American Girl's venture into digital content and independent film production. Amazon's original American Girl live-action specials A live-action web special based on Melody Ellison's stories entitled Melody, 1963: Love Has to Win, an American Girl Story was released by Amazon in 2016, starring Marsai Martin as the title character. Love Has to Win was then followed by An American Girl Story - Maryellen 1955: Extraordinary Christmas,", "title": "American Girl (film series)" } ]

[ { "docid": "46800613", "text": "Reed Anthony McKenna (born August 8, 1992) is an American soccer player who currently plays for FC Mulhouse Portland in the National Premier Soccer League. Early life and education McKenna was born in Columbus, Ohio on August 8, 1992. His family relocated to Hawaii, where he attended Punahou School as a freshman and played on their varsity boys soccer team. He would later relocate with his family to San Diego, where McKenna attended Rancho Bernardo High School. He finished his high school career in San Diego and was named as an ESPN RISE first-team All-American. He enrolled at the University of California, Los Angeles, where he played collegiate soccer. In his two seasons with the Bruins, he made 16 appearances. After the 2012 season, McKenna transferred to University of California, Santa Barbara. During his time with the Gauchos men's soccer team, he made a total of 41 appearances and tallied four goals and two assists. McKenna also played in the Premier Development League for Orange County Blue Star and Portland Timbers U23s while enrolled in college. Career On March 12, 2015, McKenna signed a professional contract with USL club Oklahoma City Energy FC. Two months later, he made his professional debut in a 2–2 draw against Whitecaps FC 2. He made two appearances for the club. References External links Oklahoma Energy FC biography UC Santa Barbara biography USSF Development Academy biography 1992 births Living people American men's soccer players UCLA Bruins men's soccer players UC Santa Barbara Gauchos men's soccer players Orange County Blue Star players Capital FC players OKC Energy FC players Men's association football forwards Soccer players from Ohio USL League Two players USL Championship players Rancho Bernardo High School alumni", "title": "Reed McKenna" }, { "docid": "35896873", "text": "The Playboy of the Western World is a 1962 film version of the 1907 play written by John Millington Synge. It was directed and co-written by Brian Desmond Hurst and stars Gary Raymond and Siobhán McKenna. Filmed in County Kerry, the film features many of the Abbey Players. The film was produced by the Four Provinces company created in 1952 by Hurst and Michael Morris, 3rd Baron Killanin who had previously produced John Ford’s The Rising of the Moon and Gideon's Day. Plot A young man from a far away village appears in County Mayo announcing to all and sundry that he has murdered his father with a blow to the head. With the tale growing in the telling, the young man becomes a local hero, until his angry father comes to fetch him home. Cast Gary Raymond as Christy Mahon Siobhán McKenna as Pegeen Mike Elspeth March as The Widow Quinn Liam Redmond as Michael James Niall MacGinnis as Old Man Mahon Production The film was shot at Inch Strand on the Dingle Peninsula, County Kerry. William Constable, the art director built a cottage close to the beach. Home Media After years of unavailability, the film was remastered from the original film elements and released on both DVD and Blu-Ray by Network Distributing in May 2021. The release includes an image gallery, a trailer, and an interview with Gary Raymond recorded in March 2021. References External links Short film on Brian Desmond Hurst's Playboy of the Western World featuring part of the soundtrack The Playboy of the Western World at the website dedicated to Brian Desmond Hurst The Playboy of the Western World The photographer Padraig Kennelly remembers the shooting of the film British comedy films 1960s English-language films Films shot in Ireland Films shot in the Republic of Ireland Films set in Ireland Films directed by Brian Desmond Hurst American films based on plays British films based on plays", "title": "The Playboy of the Western World (film)" }, { "docid": "47664623", "text": "Conor McKenna (born 28 March 1996) is an Irish Gaelic football and Australian rules football player. He currently plays professional Australian rules football for Brisbane Lions in the AFL. McKenna previously played Australian rules football for Essendon in the Australian Football League (AFL) and Gaelic football for Eglish St Patrick's and Tyrone. He won the All-Ireland Senior Football Championship playing for Tyrone in 2021. Career McKenna was born in County Tyrone, Northern Ireland, and grew up in the village of Benburb near Dungannon. There he played Gaelic football for Eglish St Patrick's and the Tyrone county team (minor level). He played a starring role in Tyrone's run to the 2012 All-Ireland Minor Football Championship Final. In December 2013, 18-year-old McKenna attracted interest from several AFL clubs when he was spotted at a talent combine in Ireland. Ten months later, on 3 October 2014, Essendon secured McKenna to a two-year deal as a Category B rookie. McKenna made his AFL debut against at the Melbourne Cricket Ground in round 22, 2015, and kicked a goal with his first kick. McKenna re-signed with Essendon at the end of 2017 with a new four-year contract. On 20 June 2020, McKenna tested positive for COVID-19. This resulted in the postponement of the match scheduled for the following day between Essendon and Melbourne. One other player was quarantined due to close contact during training. McKenna had another COVID-19 test on 22 June which was confirmed as negative in the evening of 23 June. He remained in quarantine pending a further test later in the week. During this time McKenna was subjected to an intense trial by media, abuse on social media and became a public villain in the country, treatment which provoked much criticism. Geelong footballer Zach Tuohy described the official and media abuse directed at McKenna as \"disgraceful\" and \"outrageous\". In Ireland, it was also suggested \"stars of the future that may being tempted to pursue a life in the AFL Down Under, may reconsider\". On 8 September 2020, McKenna announced his retirement and return to Ireland after 79 games played. Though he had a contract until 2021, McKenna parted on good terms with the club, its representatives and supporters, stating: \"I will always be grateful for Essendon's support of both myself and my family since I arrived at the club from the other side of the world at the end of 2014. I will miss my teammates and coaches and I want to thank the Bomber fans for their support across the journey too. I will always wish the boys well and hope they see success in the not too distant future\". McKenna told the local ABC outlet that \"the way the media works in Melbourne there doesn't seem to be [repercussions]. There's just a free-for-all to say whatever you want. If there are no repercussions, they'll just continue to do that and treat players like a piece of meat\". After returning home and resuming his Gaelic football career, he told the Irish", "title": "Conor McKenna" }, { "docid": "846466", "text": "Patrick McKenna (born May 8, 1960) is a Canadian comedian and actor. He is best known for playing Harold Green on the television series The Red Green Show and Marty Stevens on the television series Traders. Early life Patrick McKenna became interested in Second City when a high-school teacher took him to a show at Second City Toronto. After he graduated from high school, he attended Sheridan College, graduating with a business degree in 1982. Career To help with tuition, he worked his way to being night manager at Second City, learning how improv worked. In 1983, he auditioned successfully for the main stage. During the 1980s he tried his hand at standup and spent five years performing his act in Canada and the US. One night at Second City during the late 1980s, McKenna received the acting offer which would change his life. Steve Smith was recruiting cast members, especially a sidekick, for his new project, The Red Green Show. He had come to Second City and was checking out the entire troupe, but when Patrick did his twitchy-nerd character, Smith knew he had his sidekick. He offered McKenna a job after the show. McKenna appeared on television screens throughout Canada and the US for the next 15 years as the lovable nephew Harold Green on The Red Green Show, a part he would reprise in the feature film Duct Tape Forever. He also played Marty Stephens on Traders, working alongside future Stargate SG-1 and Stargate Atlantis Canadian actor David Hewlett. For his work on Traders and The Red Green Show, McKenna received two Gemini Awards. He is the only Canadian actor to win for both drama and comedy in the same year, at the 13th Gemini Awards on 4 October 1998. McKenna guest-starred in two episodes of Stargate SG-1 playing Dr. Jay Felger, first in the season 6 episode \"The Other Guys\" and then in the season 7 episode \"Avenger 2.0\". He also starred in the 2002 Trudeau miniseries. In 2006, McKenna played producer Jeffrey Littleman on the short-lived CBC television series Getting Along Famously. In 2007, he appeared in the pilot of Sabbatical. He starred as Victor in the 2011 indie horror film Silent but Deadly. In late 2011, he played the politician and Canadian Confederation leader Alexander Galt in the CBC television movie John A: Birth of a Country. Throughout the mid-2000s and early 2010s, McKenna saw work as a voice actor in Canadian animated series such as Atomic Betty, Iggy Arbuckle, Crash Canyon and Sidekick. McKenna was the subject of the 2009 PBS documentary ADD and Loving It?! McKenna has ADHD, but was not diagnosed until he was well into his forties. He has become somewhat of a spokesman on this condition in Canada. McKenna and Rick Green, writer and performer and co-creator of The Red Green Show, made a documentary to explain some of ADHD's positives and negatives titled \"ADD and Loving It.\" Both men open up about how it has affected them and", "title": "Patrick McKenna" }, { "docid": "10974751", "text": "Kevin Robert McKenna (born January 8, 1959) is a retired American basketball player. He is currently an assistant basketball coach at the University of Oregon. Born in Saint Paul, Minnesota, McKenna played professionally in the National Basketball Association (NBA) from 1981 to 1988. He played college basketball for the Creighton Bluejays. McKenna was the 19th pick in the fourth round of the 1981 NBA draft by the Los Angeles Lakers. He spent four highly successful years as head coach of NCAA Division II Nebraska-Omaha, where he guided the Mavericks to four consecutive 20-win seasons, two North Central Conference titles and three appearances in the NCAA Division II Tournament. McKenna was named the NCC Coach of the Year in both 2004 and 2005 as well as North Central Regional Coach of the Year by the National Association of Basketball Coaches (NABC) in 2005. He finished with an 89-33 mark in his tenure at UNO. As a high school player, McKenna starred at Palatine High School in Palatine, Illinois before moving on to Creighton University from 1977–1981. McKenna led the Creighton Bluejays to a Missouri Valley Conference (MVC) regular-season championship, two MVC Tournament titles and a pair of NCAA Tournaments. He was an All-MVC pick and team MVP in each of his final two seasons. He remains the only person in MVC history to win an MVC regular-season title, an MVC Tournament championship, an NBA championship and a CBA title. In the summer of 2009, McKenna was selected as the head coach of the Athletes in action AIA college basketball team during a tour of Poland and Germany. Head coaching record External links NBA stats @ basketballreference.com 1959 births Living people Albuquerque Silvers players American men's basketball coaches American men's basketball players Basketball coaches from Minnesota Basketball players from Saint Paul, Minnesota Continental Basketball Association coaches Creighton Bluejays men's basketball coaches Creighton Bluejays men's basketball players Indiana Pacers players Indiana State Sycamores men's basketball coaches Kansas City Sizzlers players Las Vegas Silvers players Los Angeles Lakers draft picks Los Angeles Lakers players New Jersey Nets players Omaha Mavericks men's basketball coaches Oregon Ducks men's basketball coaches Small forwards Washington Bullets players", "title": "Kevin McKenna (basketball)" }, { "docid": "38114112", "text": "The 2007 Dr McKenna Cup was a Gaelic football competition played under the auspices of Ulster GAA. Summary Tyrone were eventually declared the winning team at official level, though the victory was tarnished by their choice of tactics. The team was at one point stripped of the cup for breaking the rules. They defeated Donegal in the final; however they did so in controversial circumstances while fielding ineligible players and midfielder Kevin Hughes was shown a red card. A month-long dispute over the player eligibility issue ensued, with the matter coming before the Ulster Council. Tyrone were allowed to keep the cup, even though they had earlier been deducted points for exactly the same offence, though not enough to prevent them from winning their group and eliminate them from the competition. In the 2008 semi-finals Donegal defeated Armagh and Tyrone defeated Monaghan. The Ulster Council had earlier declared UUJ as semi-finalists in place of Monaghan but they later redid their calculations correctly. The tournament also saw former Fermanagh star Rory Gallagher make a substitute appearance and score a late point for Cavan in their victory over Queen's University Belfast. See also 2007 O'Byrne Cup References External links Tyrone's squad for the Dr McKenna Cup Dr McKenna Cup Dr McKenna Cup Dr McKenna Cup seasons Gaelic football controversies", "title": "2007 Dr McKenna Cup" }, { "docid": "16025172", "text": "Alex McKenna is an American actress and voice-over artist. She gained fame by playing Petunia Stupid in The Stupids (1996) and Mickey Apple in You Wish (1997). She resumed her acting career with guest appearances in The CW hit teen drama series 90210 in 2010. In 2012, she had recurring appearances in the television series, including Dallas, Guys with Kids and Two and a Half Men. McKenna is also known for her role as Sadie Adler in the video game Red Dead Redemption 2 (2018). Career McKenna began her career as a child actress, portraying Petunia Stupid in the adventure comedy film The Stupids (1996). She had roles as Amanda in the horror film Campfire Tales (1997) and as Linda Ross in Joey (1997). In 1998, she was nominated for Best Performance in a TV Comedy Series (You Wish) in Young Artist Awards. She had a small role as Alex's friend in the comedy film What Women Want (2000). The film earned $374 million worldwide, and received largely positive reviews. She portrayed a drug-addicted teenager Abby Macy in NBC's crime drama series Crossing Jordan. She appeared in several guest starring television roles, including 90210, Malcolm in the Middle, Shake It Up, Common Law, Two and a Half Men, Guys with Kids and Boston Public. In 2009, she played the lead role of Megs in short film The City of Lights. Next McKenna landed a recurring role in the TNT revival of the CBS prime-time soap opera, Dallas. In 2014, she appeared in the horror film Haunted along with Luke Kleintank and Lesley-Anne Down. She had a supporting role as Tammy in Bear with Us (2016). The film also earned McKenna numerous awards, including Jury Award for Best Supporting Actress at Sunscreen Film Festival. She appeared opposite Josh Radnor in the drama film The Seeker (2016), portraying Grace. In 2018, she starred in the video game Red Dead Redemption 2 as the voice and motion capture actress of Sadie Adler, and she made a guest appearance on an episode of drama thriller television series Quantico in the episode \"Heaven's Fall\". Personal life McKenna married Canadian actor Joshua Close in August 2016 in Calistoga, California. Filmography Film Television Video games Awards and nominations References External links Living people Actresses from Los Angeles American child actresses American film actresses American television actresses Television personalities from Los Angeles American voice actresses 20th-century American actresses 21st-century American actresses Year of birth missing (living people)", "title": "Alex McKenna" }, { "docid": "27496072", "text": "Daughter of Darkness is a 1948 British film, with macabre overtones, directed by Lance Comfort and starring Anne Crawford, Maxwell Reed and – in the central role – Siobhán McKenna. Released in January 1948, it was based on a then ten-year-old play by Max Catto called They Walk Alone. An expensive film for its day, it was shot at Riverside Studios, Hammersmith, London, (known at that time as Alliance Studios) and on location. McKenna was offered a Hollywood contract following her memorable performance, but heeded the counsel of Laurence Olivier to remain in theatre work. Plot In the small Irish town of Ballyconnen, Emmy Baudine (Siobhán McKenna) is a beautiful but disturbed young woman who works for the local priest. When the fair comes to town, she encounters Dan (Maxwell Reed), a handsome young boxer – and lays his face open with her fingernails when he attempts to seduce her. Urged by the village women's jealousy and forebodings, Father Corcoran (Liam Redmond), reluctantly sends Emmy to friends, farming family, in Yorkshire, and Emmy endeavours to suppress the strange feelings of fascination and revulsion that she experiences in the presence of the opposite sex. But the fair's seeping, relentless prowl for profit, has already left Ireland, and is trundling its poisoned way through the arteries of Britain, seemingly knowing where its next victims live. Their next meeting cannot be resisted; nor can the allure of Emmy Baudine: to wherever she moves. Cast Anne Crawford as Bess Stanforth Maxwell Reed as Dan Siobhán McKenna as Emmy Baudine George Thorpe as Tallent Barry Morse as Robert Stanforth Liam Redmond as Father Cocoran Cyril Smith as Joe Honor Blackman as Julie Tallent Denis Gordon as Saul Trevethick Grant Tyler as Larry Tallent Norman Shelley as Smithers George Merritt as Constable Iris Vandeleur as Mrs. Smithers Ann Clery as Miss Foley Arthur Hambling as Jacob David Greene as David Price Critical reception The Radio Times wrote, \"an opportunity to see McKenna, one of the most compelling of Irish stage actresses, portraying a maniac with full-blooded commitment.\" TV Guide noted, \"strong stuff for 1948.\" In his Guide to British Cinema, Geoff Mayer writes, \"Daughter of Darkness, with a budget of two hundred thousand pounds and three weeks of location shooting in Cornwall, was not a financial success and represented a setback to Comfort's career, which saw him relegated to low-budget films in the 1950s and 1960s. Yet the film's mixture of gothic and horror establishes it as one of the most startling British films of the 1940s. \" References External links 1948 films 1948 crime films British crime films Films directed by Lance Comfort Films scored by Clifton Parker British black-and-white films 1940s English-language films 1940s British films", "title": "Daughter of Darkness (1948 film)" }, { "docid": "5105411", "text": "Forest Warrior is a 1996 American adventure film starring Chuck Norris and directed by Norris's brother Aaron Norris. The film was released on direct-to-video in the United States on November 5, 1996. The film is perhaps best known since late 2011 as the source of a scene in which Chuck (a ubiquitous Internet meme himself) stops a chainsaw by grabbing it with his bare hand. The scene has been reposted numerous times on YouTube with views totaling several million, as well as made into an animated GIF for use on Internet forums and message boards. Another memorable scene features a logger who air guitars with his chainsaw. Plot The film opens with a campfire story being told by Clovis Madison (Roscoe Lee Browne) to a group of children, about frontiersman Jebediah McKenna (Chuck Norris) who was killed a century ago in the Tanglewood forest by armed men after refusing to sell his land to a lumber company. McKenna was magically brought back to life and given the power to transform into a bear, wolf, or eagle. Inspired by this tale, the children dub their group the Lords of the Tanglewood, complete with the following pledge: \"We ask you to leave it pure as found; for we are to it forever bound.\" During the present day, the Tanglewood forest is targeted for harvesting by a logging conglomerate directed by villainous lumber magnate Travis Thorne (Terry Kiser). Most of the small town is against their deforestation, including the kids, who regularly camp out in a treehouse in the woods. During one of their trips, a group of loggers bully the kids, only to get beaten up by McKenna, who also happens to be a master of Native American martial arts. The loggers report this to Thorne, who orders the treehouse destroyed. While the kids are gone, the loggers place a bomb in the treehouse, unaware that the Tanglewood Lords' leader - and sole female member - Austene Slaighter (Megan Paul) is still there. McKenna beats up the loggers again, then uses the forest's magic to resurrect Austene just like he had been. Austene is reunited with her father Arlen (Michael Beck), once the town's deputy sheriff but now its token drunk. Meanwhile, Thorne is finally granted approval by the town to bring in his lumber crew. The Lords of the Tanglewood rally in response to this; they distract the loggers with numerous boobytraps, impeding Thorne's efforts to chop down the forest. They also play rock music on a ghetto-blaster, which causes the loggers to dance around idiotically. Finally, McKenna appears before Thorne and intimidates him by turning into a bear; the terrified villain calls off the deforestation and confesses all of his wrongdoing to the authorities. With their forest saved, the townspeople rebuild the kids' treehouse while Austene sees McKenna's spirit reunited with that of his Native American wife. Cast Chuck Norris as Jebediah McKenna Terry Kiser as Travis Thorne Max Gail as Sheriff Ramsey Michael Beck as Arlen Slaighter Roscoe Lee", "title": "Forest Warrior" }, { "docid": "6169082", "text": "Cop and a Half is a 1993 American family buddy cop-comedy film directed by Henry Winkler, and stars Burt Reynolds, Norman D. Golden II, and Ray Sharkey in his final role. Reynolds plays a veteran cop who reluctantly takes an eight-year-old boy (Golden) as his partner to solve a murder investigation. Cop and a Half opened at #1 in the US and grossed $40.7 million worldwide against a $14 million budget. The film was followed by a lower budgeted, direct-to-DVD sequel, Cop and a Half: New Recruit (2017). Plot Devon Butler is an eight-year-old boy who lives in Tampa with his grandmother and dreams of being a cop. He watches police TV shows, knows police procedures and plays cops and robbers with his friend, Ray. One day, while snooping around in a warehouse, he witnesses a murder. He goes to the police, who want the information but he refuses to give it unless they make him a cop. They place him in the care of veteran Detective Nick McKenna, who dislikes children and the two team up in a comic series of events to find the killer and take down a drug kingpin who ordered the hit. Cast Burt Reynolds as Detective Nick McKenna Norman D. Golden II as Devon Butler Ruby Dee as Rachel Baldwin Holland Taylor as Captain Rubio Ray Sharkey as Vinnie Fountain Sammy Hernandez as Ray Sanchez Sean O'Neal as McNally Frank Sivero as \"Chu\" Rocky Giordani as Quintero Marc Macaulay as Waldo Tom McCleister as Rudy Ralph Wilcox as Detective Matt McPhail Tom Kouchalakos as Detective Jenkins Production Macaulay Culkin was approached to play the child. Culkin dropped out, along with Kurt Russell, who was attached to play Det. McKenna, when the film was delayed for script rewrites. The child co-star was rewritten to be female, then back to male once Golden was cast. Shooting took place in Tampa, Florida between April and June 1992. Reynolds reportedly argued with director Winkler through the shoot and later became convinced that producer Brian Grazer refused to work with him again as a result. The film's original score was composed by Alan Silvestri. Soundtrack Joey Lawrence's \"Nothin' My Love Can't Fix\" is used as the end title song. Reception The film received mainly negative reviews from film critics and holds a 13% approval rating on the film review aggregator site Rotten Tomatoes, based on 15 reviews, with an average rating of 3.3/10. Audiences surveyed by CinemaScore gave the film a grade of \"B+\" on scale of A+ to F. Jay Boyar of the Orlando Sentinel wrote, \"Just about the only really enjoyable thing about Cop and a Half is Norman D. Golden II, who is genuinely cute and a pretty good little actor besides.\" Film critic and historian Leonard Maltin seemed to agree: \"A hemorrhoid-and-a-half to anyone who sits all the way through this...abjectly painful comedy, which does about as much for Reynolds' career as Stop! Or My Mom Will Shoot did for Sylvester Stallone's. That it was", "title": "Cop and a Half" }, { "docid": "5277058", "text": "Paul Stephen McKenna (born 20 October 1977) is an English former professional footballer. Career Preston North End Born in Eccleston, Lancashire, after making his debut in 1997 he soon became a fixture in the Preston North End first team. His appearance tally was 427 at the end of the 2007–08 season. This puts him at number nine in the all-time record appearances for the club. He has worn the number 16 shirt since squad numbers were adopted by the Football League. The 2006–07 season ended in disappointment for the Chorley-born player, not only at missing out on the Play-offs but at missing the last two months of the season with a groin problem. However, he recovered from the injury in time to make a first-team return in October 2007, and was named club captain in one of Paul Simpson's last acts as manager. McKenna has missed just one game since being handed the captain's armband. McKenna scored the winning penalty in the penalty shoot-out of the 2000–01 Division One play-off semi-final second leg between Preston and Birmingham City at Deepdale, which saw the Lilywhites head to the Millennium Stadium for the final. McKenna was voted PFA Player of the Season at the end of the 2004–05 season after 35 appearances and 3 goals. He signed a new three-and-a-half-year contract with Preston in November 2005. Nottingham Forest McKenna signed for Nottingham Forest on a three-year contract for a fee of £750,000 on 20 July 2009. He was immediately installed as club captain. On 19 December 2009, McKenna scored his first goal for Forest against former club Preston with a 25-yard shot into the bottom left hand corner. However, he refused to celebrate the goal, showing restraint as a mark of respect to the Preston fans. Forest went on to win the game 3–0. Hull City 2011–12 On 1 July 2011, following speculation that he may rejoin his former employers Preston North End, McKenna joined Hull City on a two-year contract on a free transfer. He made his debut in the first game of the season on 5 August 2011 at the KC Stadium in the 0–1 defeat to Blackpool. McKenna enjoyed a strong season as a regular in central midfield in the club's push for promotion. 2012–13 McKenna was sent off on 27 August 2012 in a League Cup game against Doncaster for kicking out at Doncaster's Rob Jones. For the remainder of his time at Hull he was mainly named as a substitute by manager Steve Bruce. On 25 January 2013 McKenna was loaned to Fleetwood Town for the remainder of the 2012–13 season. On 16 May 2013, Hull City announced that McKenna, along with 11 others would be free to leave the KC stadium, as they prepared for their first season back in the Premier League. Bamber Bridge McKenna signed for Northern Premier League side Bamber Bridge on a free transfer in September 2014. He retired in December 2015. Longridge Town In January 2016 McKenna took up a coaching", "title": "Paul McKenna (footballer)" }, { "docid": "69018332", "text": "Rhys MacArthur McKenna (born 17 August 2004) is an Australian cricketer who plays as a right-arm fast-medium bowler and right-handed batter for Victoria in the Women's National Cricket League (WNCL) and the Melbourne Stars in the Women's Big Bash League (WBBL). She made her professional debut in the first match of the 2021–22 WBBL for the Stars against Sydney Sixers, bowling one over for nine runs and taking the wicket of Ellyse Perry. She plays club cricket for Prahran. International career In December 2022, McKenna was selected in the Australia under-19 squad for the 2023 ICC Under-19 Women's T20 World Cup. References External links 2004 births Living people Sportspeople from Benoni Cricketers from Gauteng Australian women cricketers Melbourne Stars (WBBL) cricketers Victoria women cricketers South African emigrants to Australia", "title": "Rhys McKenna" }, { "docid": "12592267", "text": "Alan McKenna is a British actor, known for his role as Patrick McGuire in the BBC soap opera Doctors. He has also portrayed Tony Andrews in the BBC soap opera EastEnders and Gus Malcolm in the ITV soap opera Emmerdale. Career McKenna portrayed Patrick McGuire in the BBC soap opera Doctors on a recurring basis in 2000, 2003 and from 2010 to 2012. McKenna's other TV work includes Yorkshire Television's The Brides in the Bath, Waking the Dead, The Bill, Judge John Deed, Spooks, Lead Balloon, Waterloo Road, and Life Begins. McKenna also appeared as a recurring character in Little Miss Jocelyn, as well as playing Detective Inspector Phil Crabtree in the 2014 crime drama Happy Valley. He voiced various characters in the video game Titanfall. In 2015, he played Rhodri Probert in the ITV TV series Midsomer Murders episode 17.2 \"Murder by Magic\". He also wrote, produced and starred in the underwater action film Pressure. Then in 2023, he was cast in the ITV soap opera Emmerdale as Gus Malcolm. Filmography Film Television References External links British male film actors British male television actors Place of birth missing (living people) 1966 births Living people", "title": "Alan McKenna (actor)" }, { "docid": "6077131", "text": "Steve McKenna (born August 21, 1973) is a Canadian former professional ice hockey player who played both defense and left wing. He was a veteran of eight seasons in the NHL. McKenna is currently a constable with the Waterloo Regional Police Service in Waterloo Region, Ontario. Playing career McKenna grew up playing minor hockey in his hometown of Hespeler, Ontario. He played the majority of his minor hockey career for the Hespeler Shamrocks of the OMHA before playing Jr.B. for the Cambridge Winterhawks of the OHA in 1991-92. The following season, McKenna headed west to play Tier II Jr.A. hockey for the Notre Dame Hounds in 1992-93. After three seasons at Merrimack College, McKenna made his professional debut with the Phoenix Roadrunners of the International Hockey League in 1996. He joined the Los Angeles Kings of the NHL during the 1996–97 season, appearing in nine games. He was an NHL left winger. McKenna appeared in 137 games with the Kings over four seasons before entering the 2000 NHL Expansion Draft and being selected by the Minnesota Wild with the 37th overall pick. After appearing in 20 games with the Wild, he was traded to the Pittsburgh Penguins on January 13, 2001, in exchange for Roman Simicek. McKenna joined the New York Rangers for the 2001–02 season before returning to the Penguins for the two seasons following that. During the 2004–05 NHL lockout, there was a great demand for players like him so he played for the Nottingham Panthers of the Elite Ice Hockey League (Great Britain) and the Adelaide Avalanche of the AIHL (Australia).. In 2005–06, he joined Alleghe of the Italian Serie A and later in 2006, he played for Kangwon Land in the Asia League, giving him the rare distinction of playing on four different continents. McKenna played in the Asia League until the completion of the 2008-09 season, where he played for High1 from 2007–08 and the China Sharks in 2008-09. McKenna led all defensemen with eleven points, and briefly played with former NHL star Claude Lemieux before Lemieux returned to the Worcester Sharks. McKenna finished his career with the CSK VVS Samara (ice hockey) (Central Sports Club Of The Air Force, Samara) of the Russian Major League in 2009-10, scoring three points in ten games. Coaching and later career On August 16, 2006, Ice Hockey Australia announced that McKenna had been appointed as coach of the Mighty Roos, Australia's national team. During his time with the Avalanche in the AIHL, McKenna \"fell in love with the Australian culture and climate and now wishes to make Australia his home.\" McKenna's official tenure as coach of the Mighty Roos started out in 2007, after McKenna completed his playing season with Kangwon Land. He coached the team during their World Championships campaign that year. McKenna coached Australia to gaining a promotion to Division I during his first season at the helm of Mighty Roos. McKenna was the head coach of HC Alleghe, a Serie A1 hockey team from 2009", "title": "Steve McKenna" }, { "docid": "38320181", "text": "Afternoon Delight is a 2013 American comedy-drama film written and directed by Joey Soloway. It stars Kathryn Hahn, Juno Temple, Josh Radnor, and Jane Lynch. The film premiered at the 2013 Sundance Film Festival, where it was awarded the U.S. Dramatic Directing Award. It was given a limited theatrical release in the United States on August 30, 2013. Plot Rachel is a mother living in an unhappy life, frustrated by the roles of being a stay-at-home mom and not having had sex with her husband Jeff for months. She visits her therapist, Lenore, but is unable to find any help in her advice. Looking to spice up their relationship, Rachel and Jeff go to a strip club, where Rachel sees McKenna. Jeff buys her a private lap dance from McKenna; Rachel finds out that McKenna is only 19. Rachel and Jeff continue not having sex. Rachel drives to the neighborhood of the strip club, hoping to see McKenna. At an espresso hut, she sees McKenna and they start talking. She introduces herself and they become friends, having coffee together regularly. One day, Rachel finds McKenna thrown out of her residence, and now homeless, so she invites her to stay at her large house. While Jeff is less than happy, Rachel does not feel that she can kick her out, as she feels she can help McKenna get out of being a stripper. She finds out that McKenna is a prostitute, who has clients she sees regularly. Rachel starts teaching McKenna to nanny her young son Logan. When Rachel is frustrated at a school event, she asks McKenna if she can go with her to see her client, Jack. When there, she watches the two of them have sex, and is horrified by what she sees. When asked by a friend if McKenna can babysit, Rachel changes her mind and says she doesn't want her to. McKenna is upset by this, as she went through a lot of effort buying things for the girls' party. While the women are out, and all the men are at Jeff and Rachel's house, McKenna comes in and starts acting provocatively. She ends up sleeping with one of Jeff's friends, but his wife and Rachel walk in on them. McKenna is thrown out of their house. Rachel tells Jeff that she wants out of this life, and out of her head, which he takes to mean he should leave. At a visit to Lenore, Rachel comforts Lenore when she starts crying and telling her how her partner had left, saying \"I don't want to start all over again.\" That night, Rachel goes to Jeff (he is staying in the garage of one of his friends) and they reconcile, being happier than ever. One day while driving, Rachel sees McKenna on the street, and starts to stop but changes her mind. She tells her friend that she had nothing to say to her. Rachel and Jeff are happy together again. The film ends with Rachel and", "title": "Afternoon Delight (film)" }, { "docid": "28048245", "text": "Christine McKenna (born 1951) is a British actress active during the 1970s and 1980s, best known for playing Christina in the television series Flambards. McKenna was a drama student at the Royal Scottish Academy of Music and Drama in Glasgow in the early 1970s. During her summer holidays she learned stage management and theatrical wardrobe at the Byre Theatre. Upon graduating, she appeared in productions for the National Theatre and in the West End of London, including Stephen Sondheim´s A Little Night Music with Jean Simmons and Hermione Gingold, A Midsummer Night's Dream, and Great Expectations, and played Polly in The Boy Friend with Glynis Johns, Sally Bowles in Cabaret, and Moll in Moll Flanders. McKenna was also a member of the Royal Lyceum Theatre company in Edinburgh, and with that company appeared in Kidnapped and The Prime of Miss Jean Brodie and played the Principal Girl in several traditional pantomimes. She starred as Jess in 41 episodes of the popular TV series The Kids from 47A (1973–4). Her other television credits include Georgina Hogarth in Dickens of London with Roy Dotrice (1976), Friends and Other Lovers (1981) for ITV Playhouse, and the film Mask of Murder (1985). However, she is probably best known for her starring role as \"Christina\" in 13 episodes of Flambards (1979). McKenna relates in her autobiography Why Didn't They Tell The Horses? that when she auditioned for the part of \"Christina\" in Flambards, her most notable role, she had never ridden a horse before. She was so determined to gain the part that she described the horse-obsessed childhood of a friend as her own and got the part. McKenna then had to learn to ride sidesaddle very quickly. Theatre References 1951 births British television actresses British television producers British women television producers British stage actresses Alumni of the Royal Conservatoire of Scotland Living people", "title": "Christine McKenna" }, { "docid": "23846522", "text": "\"Anamnesis\" is the nineteenth episode of the second season of the American crime-thriller television series Millennium. It premiered on the Fox network on April 17, 1998. The episode was written by Kay Reindl and Erin Maher, and directed by John Peter Kousakis. \"Anamnesis\" featured guest appearances by Kristen Cloke and Gwynyth Walsh. In this episode, Millennium Group member Lara Means (Cloke) teams up with Catherine Black (Megan Gallagher), the wife of a fellow Group member, to investigate the possibility that a schoolgirl experiencing visions may be biologically descended from Jesus Christ. The girl also has visions which involve Mary Magdalene. Reindl and Maher based their script on their research into the role of women in the Bible, and compared the pairing of Lara Means and Catherine Black to that of the lead roles in The X-Files, Millennium sister show. \"Anamnesis\" earned an audience of approximately 5.2 million households in its initial broadcast, and received mixed responses from television critics. Plot Social worker Catherine Black (Megan Gallagher) arrives moments too late to prevent a shooting in a school prayer group. Several days earlier, Black meets Emma Shetterly (Gwynyth Walsh), the school's vice-principal. Shetterly explains that five students have claimed to be experiencing visions of Saint Mary; she believes the girls involved are unlikely candidates for divine visions, particularly the trouble-making Clare McKenna (Genele Templeton). Black speaks to the girls, who claim to have had visions during a sermon by Reverend Hanes; Hanes' son Alex refutes this. Black returns to Shetterly's office, and is met by Lara Means (Kristen Cloke), who works with her husband in the Millennium Group. Means explains that the Group has explored many such reported visions. Later, Means and Black listen to McKenna reading a passage from the Bible. Afterwards, McKenna reveals that she knows a great deal about the Polaroid Man who kidnapped Black months earlier. Means receives a vision herself during the conversation, and becomes convinced that McKenna is a prophet of some sort. Black thinks the girl is acting out, but Means reveals that she is reciting passages from the non-canonical Gnostic Gospels, which supposed that Mary Magdalene was the only disciple to fully understand the teachings of Jesus Christ. Means believes the girls are not seeing visions of Saint Mary, but of Mary Magdalene. Later, Black is informed that the girls are missing. She and Means search the woods, finding the girls in a grotto. They are with a teacher from the school, Ben Fisher (John Pyper-Ferguson) who attacks Means; she subdues him and he is arrested. She later confronts him, and it is revealed he is a former Group member charged with protecting the girls due to their powers. When Black later learns that Fisher has been released, she fears for McKenna's life. She rushes to the school, knowing the girls will be at a prayer meeting. She arrives just too late to prevent Alex from firing upon the meeting; Fisher is killed while shielding McKenna. Later, Means shows Black two sets of", "title": "Anamnesis (Millennium)" }, { "docid": "2729100", "text": "Chris McKenna (born 29 October 1974) is an Australian former professional rugby league footballer who played as a forward and in the 1990s and 2000s. He played for the Brisbane Broncos, South Queensland Crushers and Cronulla-Sutherland Sharks. His usual position was second row, though while he played in Australia he usually played at . He also played for Doncaster in National League Two having signed at the beginning of the 2008 from Bradford Bulls. He played for Queensland and Australia Background McKenna was born in Brisbane, Queensland, Australia and is of Irish and Guyanese descent, from his father who was born in Ireland and his mother who was born in Guyana. He is one of 11 children, who grew up in Wynnum-Manly in Brisbane. Biography 1993 McKenna made his first grade début for the Brisbane Broncos, as well as playing for the Sheffield Eagles. During the 1994 NSWRL season, McKenna played from the interchange bench for defending premiers Brisbane when they hosted British champions Wigan for the 1994 World Club Challenge. 1994–1996 He made appearances for the Sheffield Eagles and the London Broncos in the European competition as well as for the South Queensland Crushers in the Australian competition. 1997–2002 McKenna played in the centres for the Cronulla Sharks, and played for them in the only Australian super league grand final in 1997. In the second game of the 2002 State of Origin series he was named man of the match. At the end of that year, he joined the Leeds Rhinos from NRL side the Cronulla Sharks after a rumoured falling out with then coach Chris Anderson, and was the only 2002 Test player to move to Super League. 2003–2005 McKenna made his début for Leeds against Whitehaven in 2003, making an impressive start to his Rhinos career before picking up a pectoral injury which meant he missed a month of the season but left him in extreme discomfort for a number of months following the initial injury. He returned to his best form at the back end of the 2003 season which also saw a switch to the pack. In his début season he scored just six tries in 25 appearances, however during the Rhinos' Super League winning season he improved on this with 9 tries in 25. In 2004 McKenna played 23 games for the Rhinos and scored 9 tries including 2 in the memorable 40–12 win over Bradford at Headingley, which also earned him the man of the match accolade. McKenna played for the Leeds Rhinos at second-row forward in their 2004 Super League Grand Final victory against the Bradford Bulls. As Super League IX champions, the Rhinos faced 2004 NRL season premiers, the Bulldogs in the 2005 World Club Challenge. McKenna played at second-row forward in Leeds' 39–32 victory. McKenna played for Leeds in the 2005 Challenge Cup Final at second-row forward in their loss against Hull FC. In 2005 he has once again scored nine tries in 29 appearances. In total he made 80", "title": "Chris McKenna (rugby league)" }, { "docid": "56173784", "text": "Jessica McKenna is an American actress, comedian and singer. McKenna trained with The Groundlings and at the Upright Citizens Brigade Theatre, where she regularly performs. McKenna was one of the stars of Fox's Party Over Here, alongside Nicole Byer and Alison Rich, and hosted the podcast Off Book: The Improvised Musical until 2023. Early life McKenna was born in Yorba Linda, California. She received a bachelor's degree in theater from Northwestern University. Career Theater McKenna began training at the Upright Citizens Brigade Theatre after college, and became a regular performer in 2012. She regularly performs with the musical improv house teams, Magic to Do and Baby Wants Candy. McKenna is also a frequent performer at the Upright Citizens Brigade Theatre's long-running improv show, ASSSSCAT. McKenna has performed improv comedy at festivals including South by Southwest, SF Sketchfest, Edinburgh Fringe, the Del Close Marathon, Bumbershoot, and Chicago Sketch Fest. Television, film, and web series In 2014, McKenna was a regular cast member on Fox's improv-based game show, Riot, until its cancellation. In 2016, McKenna starred alongside fellow Upright Citizens Brigade (UCB) alumnae Nicole Byer and Alison Rich in Fox's sketch comedy show, Party Over Here, which was produced by The Lonely Island and Paul Scheer. Party Over Here was cancelled after one season. McKenna has appeared in episodes of Modern Family and The Goldbergs. McKenna often collaborates with UCB alumnus Zach Reino. McKenna and Reino have worked together on musical sketches for Funny or Die, BuzzFeed, and Nickelodeon. In 2016, McKenna and Reino wrote and starred together in ABC's web series, Serious Music. Along with Zeke Nicholson, the pair also featured in a 2021 episode of Dropout series Game Changer titled \"The Official Cast Recording\", in which they improvised a short musical based on host Sam Reich's prompts. This was later adapted into a full series on Dropout titled Play It By Ear the following year. McKenna also works as a voice actress. McKenna voices the lead character, Lennon, on Amazon's Little Big Awesome. It was originally announced that McKenna would voice the lead character on Billy Dilley's Super-Duper Subterranean Summer; however, creator Aaron Springer ultimately was cast in that role. In 2022, McKenna, along with Neil Casey, Zach Reino, and Niccole Thurman, won the Writers Guild of America Award in the category \"Quiz and Audience Participation\" for her work on the series Baking It. In 2023, she was nominated again for the same award together with the other writers of Baking It. Podcasts Since 2017, McKenna and Reino have hosted the musical comedy podcast Off Book: The Improvised Musical, which was initially on the Earwolf network. McKenna is also a regular guest on the podcast version of Comedy Bang! Bang!, where she is known for characters such as Beth, the Power Wheels–obsessed eight-year-old, and This Is Your Boy Troy. McKenna has also appeared on Improv4Humans, Doughboys, The JV Club, and Hollywood Handbook. Filmography Film Television Video games References External links Living people Actual_play_performers American comedy musicians American podcasters American television", "title": "Jessica McKenna" }, { "docid": "2423428", "text": "U Turn is a 1997 American neo-noir crime thriller film directed by Oliver Stone, and starring Sean Penn, Billy Bob Thornton, Jennifer Lopez, Jon Voight, Powers Boothe, Joaquin Phoenix, Claire Danes and Nick Nolte. It is based on the book Stray Dogs by John Ridley, who also wrote the screenplay. Plot Bobby Cooper is a drifter in debt to a violent gangster when his red 1964½ Ford Mustang Convertible breaks down in Superior, Arizona. Stranded and broke, he meets Jake and Grace McKenna, a father and his stepdaughter who are also a married couple. They separately approach Bobby to kill the other for money. Desperate and in fear, Bobby approaches Jake about killing Grace. He becomes attracted to Grace and agrees to kill Jake, then he and Grace can be together and use Jake's money for a new start somewhere else. With Grace's help, Bobby kills Jake, and they leave together with $200,000. As they make their way out of Superior, the Sheriff, with whom Grace has been having an affair, stops them. Grace shoots and kills the sheriff. As they dump the bodies, Grace pushes Bobby over the cliff, severely injuring him. Grace suddenly realizes that Bobby has the car keys. Grace makes her way down the steep incline where she and Bobby fight, and in his weakened, injured state, Bobby kills Grace, but she also shoots him in the belly. He makes the grueling journey back up the cliff with a broken leg, then starts the car, but the radiator hose bursts, and Bobby is stranded in the heat, injured and dying. Cast Sean Penn as Bobby Cooper Jennifer Lopez as Grace McKenna Nick Nolte as Jake McKenna Powers Boothe as Sheriff Virgil Potter Claire Danes as Jenny Joaquin Phoenix as Toby N. \"TNT\" Tucker Jon Voight as Blind Indian Billy Bob Thornton as Darrell Abraham Benrubi as Biker #1 Sean Stone as Boy In Grocery Store Ilia Volok as Sergei Valery Nikolaev as Mr. Arkady Brent Briscoe as Ed Bo Hopkins as Boyd Julie Hagerty as Flo Sheri Foster as Grace's Mother Liv Tyler as Girl In Bus Station (Cameo) Laurie Metcalf as Bus Station Ticket Attendant Production U Turn was filmed during November 1996–January 1997 on location in Superior, Arizona and other areas of Arizona and California, including the Coachella Valley. It was filmed entirely on reversal film stock, 5239, to give an extra harsh look to the hostile environment. Casting For the Toby N. Tucker role, Joaquin Phoenix said small-town style gave him the inspiration and the idea for the haircut, which was \"TNT\" (the character's initials) shaved on the back of his head. \"These kids in these small towns, these fads that just roll over them,\" he told Rough Cut Magazine in October 1998. \"Like, five years pass and they still hang on to them. So, I thought it was really great if he shaves his name, he thinks he's really notorious.\" Reception Reaction by critics to the film was mixed. Roger Ebert gave", "title": "U Turn (1997 film)" }, { "docid": "65069859", "text": "Mark McKenna (born 1959) is a professor of history at the University of Sydney, noted for his work on Aboriginal history, a biography of Manning Clark and the history of republicanism in Australia. Biography Early life and education McKenna was born in 1959 and grew up in the Sydney suburb of Toongabbie. After graduating with a Bachelor of Arts from the University of Sydney, he lived in Europe for a period and then taught in high schools in Sydney before completing his PhD at the University of New South Wales in 1996. Awards and recognition His book Return to Uluru about the shooting death of Yokununna by William (Bill) McKinnon was shortlisted for the 2022 Prime Minister's Literary Award for Australian history. Bibliography McKenna, M. (2002). Building a Closet of Prayer in the New World: the Story of the Australian Ballot. United Kingdom: Menzies Centre for Australian Studies. McKenna, M., Hudson, W. (2003). Australian Republicanism: a Reader. Carlton, Vic.: Melbourne University Press. McKenna, M. (2004). This Country: a Reconciled Republic?. Sydney., NSW: University of New South Wales (UNSW) Press. McKenna, M. (2011). An Eye for Eternity: The Life of Manning Clark. Carlton: The Miegunyah Press. McKenna, M. (2016). From the Edge: Australia's Lost Histories. Melbourne: The Miegunyah Press. References Living people 1959 births Australian historians Quarterly Essay people University of New South Wales alumni University of Sydney alumni", "title": "Mark McKenna (historian)" }, { "docid": "50810150", "text": "The Bird and the Rifle is the ninth studio album by American singer-songwriter Lori McKenna, released on July 29, 2016, through CN Records. It includes the song \"Humble and Kind\", which was written by McKenna and first recorded by Tim McGraw for his 2015 album Damn Country Music. Despite the album's limited commercial success (it never charted on the Billboard 200), it earned critical acclaim and was nominated for Best Americana Album at the 59th Annual Grammy Awards. Background In an interview with The Guardian, McKenna said that \"there were more stories and characters on the last record, I felt like this record could be one character in different places in their life and relationships\". Despite the album's focus on relationship breakdown, McKenna herself has not experienced it but says that \"everybody, to one extent or another, knows the feeling\". Of the title track, McKenna states that \"people think it's a sad song, or they'll have to ask why I have a gun thing going on\" but she reasons that \"most people have felt that in a relationship\". The title of the record came from Haley's 21st Birthday, a sixth-season episode of Modern Family where two of the characters briefly debated getting matching bird and rifle tattoos. Of this, McKenna noted \"you never know where song ideas are gonna come from\", mentioning that she was ironing with the television on in the background when the idea originated. The album was recorded live, the signature method of producer Dave Cobb, who was introduced to McKenna by the co-owner of her production company who wanted to encourage McKenna to record a new album despite the fact she didn't see her number of releases \"increasing anytime soon\". Of the decision to include \"Humble and Kind\", McKenna and Cobb were both in agreement. \"Humble and Kind\" was covered by Tim McGraw for his 2015 album Damn Country Music. McGraw's version won the American Music Award for Favourite Country Song as well as the CMT Award for Video of the Year. Critical reception The Bird and the Rifle received highly positive reviews from music critics. At Metacritic, which assigns a normalized rating out of 100 to reviews from mainstream critics, the album has an average score of 82 out of 100, which indicates \"universal acclaim\" based on 4 reviews. Timothy Monger at AllMusic awarded the album four out of five stars and deemed it \"another extremely strong effort for Lori McKenna, whose growing catalogue is already known for its quality.\" Ann Powers at NPR Music called The Bird and The Rifle \"one of 2016's best releases\", in part, due to \"Humble and Kind\", which manages to be \"both widely resonant and specific\". Powers also praised McKenna's voice, which she describes as \"powerful but never grandiose, as if she's telling you something important but doesn't want to make a fuss.\" Stephen Deusner from Pitchfork celebrated the track \"We Were Cool\", likening McKenna to Bruce Springsteen, stating that \"McKenna knows that the power of a barbed lyric", "title": "The Bird and the Rifle" }, { "docid": "3202715", "text": "Lorraine McKenna ( Giroux; born December 22, 1968) is an American folk, Americana, and country music singer-songwriter. In 2016, she was nominated for the Grammy Award for Song of the Year and won Best Country Song for co-writing the hit single \"Girl Crush\" performed by Little Big Town. In 2017, she again won Best Country Song at the 59th Annual Grammy Awards for writing \"Humble and Kind\" performed by Tim McGraw. McKenna along with Lady Gaga, Natalie Hemby and Hillary Lindsey wrote the second single off the soundtrack to the 2018 film A Star Is Born called \"Always Remember Us This Way.” McKenna performed backing vocals along with Lindsey and Hemby, and the song received a nomination for Song of the Year at the 62nd Annual Grammy Awards. Early and personal life McKenna was born and raised in Stoughton, Massachusetts, where she still lives today. Her mother died when she was seven years old, a theme often touched on in her music. She met her husband, Gene McKenna, in third grade and married him at age 19. She has five children and has been married for more than 30 years. McKenna first started writing lullabies to her children. Her brother, who first introduced her to the guitar, encouraged her to attend an open-mic night at the Old Vienna Kaffeehause in Westborough, Massachusetts in 1996. The organizer heard her play and encouraged her to come back, becoming her informal manager and booking shows for her around Boston. Career McKenna was managed by Gabriel Unger from 2000 to 2004. During this time, she released her first four albums under Signature Sounds and developed a folk music fan base in the Northeast. She won awards at the Boston Music Awards, and performed at the Sundance Film Festival. In 2004, singer-songwriter Mary Gauthier introduced McKenna's album Bittertown to her Nashville friends. Upon hearing it, Faith Hill stalled her completed 2005 record Fireflies to replace tracks with covers of McKenna's songs. Hill and husband Tim McGraw became McKenna's champions and asked her to tour with them in 2006. Hill took McKenna to perform with her on the Oprah Winfrey Show. McGraw helped bring McKenna to Warner Bros. Nashville in 2007 and produced her album Unglamorous. Following the lackluster sales, she parted ways with Warner Bros. She then signed with Universal Music Group Publishing in 2009 and independently released her next album Lorraine in 2011. Since then, McKenna has become \"one of the industry’s most in-demand songwriters.\" She has written songs for artists including Sara Evans, Reba McEntire, Tim McGraw, Carrie Underwood, and Keith Urban. She wrote 10 songs that made it to the Billboard Hot Country list, including Hunter Hayes' \"I Want Crazy\", Faith Hill's \"Stealing Kisses\", Tim McGraw's \"Humble and Kind\"; and Little Big Town's \"Your Side of the Bed\", \"Sober\", and \"Girl Crush.\" McKenna writes solo and co-writes with songwriters Hillary Lindsay and Liz Rose. The group wrote the song \"Girl Crush\", and it became a hit for the band Little Big Town.", "title": "Lori McKenna" }, { "docid": "1873492", "text": "Dame Virginia Anne McKenna (born 7 June 1931) is a British stage and screen actress, author, animal rights activist, and wildlife campaigner. She is best known for the films A Town Like Alice (1956), Carve Her Name with Pride (1958), Born Free (1966), and Ring of Bright Water (1969), as well as her work with the Born Free Foundation. Early life McKenna was born in Marylebone to a theatrical family and was educated at Heron's Ghyll School, a former independent boarding school near the market town of Horsham in Sussex. She spent six years in South Africa before returning to the school at the age of fourteen, after which she attended the Central School of Speech and Drama, at that time based at the Royal Albert Hall, London. Career Aged 19, McKenna spent six months at Dundee Repertory Theatre. She worked on stage in London's West End theatre, making her debut in Penny for a Song. She attracted attention on TV appearing in Winter's Tale with Sir John Gielgud and Shout Aloud Salvation. McKenna's first film was The Second Mrs Tanqueray (1952), followed by a comedy, Father's Doing Fine (1952). She had a small role in the popular war film The Cruel Sea (1953) and a better part in the low budget comedy The Oracle (1953). She received excellent reviews for her stage performance in The River Line. By June 1953, she was appearing in the West End production of William Douglas Home's The Bad Samaritan. From 1954 to 1955, she was a member of the Old Vic theatre company, appearing in Henry IV and Richard II, and was married for a few months in 1954 to actor Denholm Elliott, whom she met on the set of The Cruel Sea. Their marriage ended owing to his affairs with men. In 1957, she married actor Bill Travers, with whom she had four children and to whom she remained married until his death in 1994. McKenna returned to films with Simba (1955), a drama about the Mau Mau, playing Dirk Bogarde's love interest. Rank signed her to a long-term contract and director Brian Desmond Hurst said \"She has a terrific future, properly handled. She has all the qualities of a young Bergman and a young Katharine Hepburn. McKenna was also in The Ship That Died of Shame (1955). Stardom McKenna was given the lead role in the war time drama A Town Like Alice (1956), opposite Peter Finch. The movie was a big hit at the box office and McKenna won the BAFTA Award for Best Actress for her performance. Exhibitors voted her the fourth most popular British star. In October 1956, John Davis, managing director of Rank, announced her as one of the actors under contract that Davis thought would become an international star. Travers and McKenna received an offer to go to Hollywood to appear in The Barretts of Wimpole Street (1957). Travers played Robert Browning and McKenna had the support part of Elizabeth Barrett Browning's sister. The movie flopped", "title": "Virginia McKenna" }, { "docid": "20999610", "text": "McKenna is an American drama television series that aired on ABC from September 15, 1994, to July 20, 1995. It starred Chad Everett and Jennifer Love Hewitt. The series revolved around Brick McKenna (Eric Close), who returned to Oregon to take over his brother's business, McKenna Outfitters, after his death. He runs the business with his brother's widow, Leigh (Shawn Huff), and his father, Jack (Chad Everett). His sister, Cassidy \"Cass\" (Jennifer Love Hewitt), and his niece and nephew, Rose and Harry, help out. Production Although thirteen episodes were filmed, only five aired in the US. Three during September 1994, and the other two in July 1995. The series was broadcast in its entirety in Australia on the Nine Network (and its affiliate NBN Television). The series was shot in and around Bend, Oregon. Jennifer Love Hewitt was not cast until after the pilot episode was filmed. In the pilot, which aired as the first episode, her character was played by Vinessa Shaw. Cast Eric Close as Brick McKenna Jennifer Love Hewitt as Cassidy \"Cass\" McKenna (role was played by Vinessa Shaw in the pilot) Rick Peters as Dale Goodwin Shawn Huff as Leigh McKenna Jacob Loyst as Harry McKenna Jack Kehler as Walter Maddock Ashlee Lauren as Rose McKenna Chad Everett as Jack McKenna Steve Buckley Stunt Coordinator Episodes External links 1990s American drama television series 1994 American television series debuts 1995 American television series endings American English-language television shows Television shows set in Oregon Television series by Disney–ABC Domestic Television American Broadcasting Company television dramas", "title": "McKenna (TV series)" }, { "docid": "57393161", "text": "Alexander McKenna (born September 6, 1997) is an American professional baseball outfielder who is a free agent. Amateur career McKenna attended Bishop Alemany High School in Mission Hills, California, where he played football, basketball, and baseball. In 2015, as a senior, he batted .402. He was drafted by the Minnesota Twins in the 38th round of the 2015 Major League Baseball draft, but did not sign, instead choosing to attend California Polytechnic State University where he played college baseball for the Cal Poly Mustangs. As a freshman at Cal Poly in 2016, McKenna batted .261 with six home runs in 45 games. After the season, he played for the Eau Claire Express of the Northwoods League. In 2017, as a sophomore, he started all 56 of Cal Poly's games and compiled a .360 batting average with five home runs, 31 RBIs, 13 steals, 45 runs scored, 11 doubles, and two triples. He was named to the All-Big West First Team after the season. That summer he played in the Cape Cod Baseball League for the Yarmouth–Dennis Red Sox where he batted .298 with nine doubles, 16 RBIs, and seven stolen bases in 124 at-bats, and was named a league all-star. In 2018, as a junior, McKenna batted .339 with five home runs, 31 RBIs, and a .930 OPS in 57 games. He was named the 2018 Big West Field Player of the Year along with being named to the All-Big West First Team for the second straight year. Professional career McKenna was selected by the Houston Astros in the fourth round, with the 132nd overall selection, of the 2018 Major League Baseball draft and signed for $432,500. He made his professional debut that year for the Tri-City ValleyCats of the Low–A New York–Penn League and was named an All-Star. He was promoted to the Quad Cities River Bandits of the Single–A Midwest League in August. Over 44 games between Tri-City and Quad Cities, McKenna hit .311/.394/.512 with seven home runs and 28 RBIs. In 2019, McKenna returned to Quad Cities, but played in only 65 games due to injury; over those games, he batted .252/.327/.303 with one home run and twenty RBIs. McKenna did not play a game in 2020 due to the cancellation of the minor league season because of the COVID-19 pandemic. To begin the 2021 season, he was assigned to the Asheville Tourists of the High-A East. He was promoted to the Corpus Christi Hooks of the Double-A Central in late June. He missed nearly a month due to injury. Over 79 games between the two teams, he slashed .261/.356/.478 with 15 home runs and 46 RBIs. He was assigned to the Sugar Land Space Cowboys of the Triple-A Pacific Coast League to begin the 2022 season, but was demoted to Corpus Christi in mid-June. He played a total of 106 games between both teams, slashing .232/.337/.351 with six home runs, 51 RBIs, and 16 stolen bases. McKenna started the 2023 season for Double–A Corpus Christi. Over", "title": "Alex McKenna (baseball)" }, { "docid": "33434819", "text": "Kerris Dorsey (born January 9, 1998) is an American actress. She is known for her roles as Paige Whedon in the television series Brothers & Sisters; Casey Beane, Billy Beane's daughter, in the 2011 film Moneyball; and as Emily Cooper in the 2014 film Alexander and the Terrible, Horrible, No Good, Very Bad Day. Dorsey also portrayed Bridget Donovan, the daughter of the title character, in the television series Ray Donovan. Career In Moneyball, she performs a cover of Lenka's song \"The Show\", which is included on the soundtrack to the film. In 2012, Dorsey guest starred on the Disney Channel series Shake it Up. Dorsey has also appeared in the films Walk the Line and Just Like Heaven. She played a supporting role in the American Girl film McKenna Shoots For the Stars as McKenna Brooks's reading tutor, Josie. Dorsey guest starred as Molly in one episode in Don't Trust the B---- in Apartment 23, and had a small role in Sons of Anarchy as Ellie Winston. In 2012, she gained a supporting role as Sadie in the Disney Channel Original Movie Girl vs. Monster. Dorsey starred as Bridget Donovan on the Showtime crime drama series Ray Donovan. Filmography References External links 1998 births Living people 21st-century American actresses Actresses from Los Angeles American child actresses American film actresses American television actresses", "title": "Kerris Dorsey" }, { "docid": "28055382", "text": "Families Against Intimidation and Terror (FAIT) was a group that campaigned against paramilitary violence during the Troubles in Northern Ireland. Formed in 1990 by Nancy Gracey and others following the shooting of her son by a paramilitary organisation, it was funded by, among others, the British Government, having a budget of about £30,000. In addition to Gracey its public spokespersons were its director Sam Cushnahan and development officer Vincent McKenna. Clifford Peeples was also a prominent member. McKenna, who claimed to have been a member of the Provisional Irish Republican Army in 1980-91 and was especially vociferous in campaigning against the IRA, appeared on a United Kingdom Unionist Party platform and accused named individuals of responsibility for the Omagh bombing. Cushnahan then resigned, and in 1999 McKenna abandoned FAIT and campaigned as the Northern Ireland Human Rights Bureau, while FAIT disappeared from view. In 2000 McKenna was convicted of 31 counts of child sexual abuse and thereafter started blogging online as the \"Irish Observer\". References Political organisations based in Northern Ireland The Troubles (Northern Ireland) 1990 establishments in Northern Ireland 1999 disestablishments in Northern Ireland Organizations established in 1990 Organizations disestablished in 1999 Paramilitary punishment attacks in Northern Ireland", "title": "Families Against Intimidation and Terror" }, { "docid": "38262363", "text": "Donald Charles McKenna (7 July 1944 – 4 September 1995) was an Australian cricketer who played South African domestic matches for Border from the mid-1970s to the early 1980s. Born in Perth, Western Australia, McKenna moved to South Africa in 1971, and made his first-class debut for Border in the 1973–74 season of the Currie Cup. Usually playing as a wicket-keeper, he instead began for Border as a middle-order batsman, with the wicket-keeping position held by Charles Pope. However, for the 1974–75 season McKenna took over the keeping role for the full season. During the season, he also scored his first (and only) first-class century, against Orange Free State. In the match, Border had been dismissed for 104 in its first innings, and were 27/4 in the second innings when McKenna entered. He proceeded to score 129 not out from his team's total of 237 runs, putting on partnerships of 70 runs with Christopher Davies for the eighth wicket and 108 runs with Gregory Haynes for the ninth wicket. However, Border still lost the match by eight wickets. McKenna remained Border's first-choice wicket-keeper for the following few seasons, including in matches in the limited-overs competition. From the 1977–78 season onwards, Border played in the newly created Castle Bowl, effectively the second division of the main Currie Cup. The following season, McKenna only played two matches, with the position of wicket-keeper again occupied by Charles Pope. He did go on to play as keeper in each of Border's matches in the 1979–80 season, which were to be his last at first-class level. Having been a steady middle-order batsman for most of his career, McKenna finished his 35-match first-class career with 1,754 runs at an average of 29.72, also taking 80 catches and three stumpings. McKenna returned to Australia in August 1980, dying in Port Augusta, South Australia, in September 1995, aged 51. References 1944 births 1995 deaths Australian cricketers Australian expatriate sportspeople in South Africa Border cricketers Cricketers from Perth, Western Australia Sportsmen from Western Australia", "title": "Donald McKenna (cricketer)" }, { "docid": "1724263", "text": "Siobhán McKenna (; 24 May 1922 – 16 November 1986) was an Irish stage and screen actress. Early life She was born Siobhán Giollamhuire Nic Cionnaith in Belfast in the newly created Northern Ireland into a Catholic and nationalist family. She grew up in Galway and in County Monaghan, speaking fluent Irish. Her father Eoghan McKenna (born Millstreet, County Cork, 1892) was Professor of Mathematics at University College, Galway (UCG). She was still in her teens when she became a member of an amateur Gaelic theatre group and made her stage debut at Galway's national Irish language theatre, An Taibhdhearc, in 1940. Career She is remembered for her English language performances at the Abbey Theatre in Dublin where she would eventually star in what many consider her finest role in the George Bernard Shaw play, Saint Joan. While performing at the Abbey Theatre in the 1940s, she met actor Denis O'Dea, whom she married in 1946. Until 1970 they lived in Richmond Street South, Dublin. They had one child, a son: Donnacha O'Dea, who swam for Ireland at the 1968 Summer Olympics and later won a World Series of Poker bracelet in 1998. In 1955 she created the role of Miss Madrigal in Enid Bagnold's The Chalk Garden on Broadway. In 1956, she appeared in the Cambridge Drama Festival production of Saint Joan at the Off-Broadway Phoenix Theatre. Theatre critic Elliot Norton called her performance the finest portrayal of Joan in memory. Siobhán McKenna's popularity earned her the cover of Life on 10 September 1956. In 1957, she joined the acting company of the Stratford Festival in Canada, playing Viola in Twelfth Night. She received a second Tony Best Actress nomination for her role in the 1958 play, The Rope Dancers, in which she starred with Art Carney and Joan Blondell. Although primarily a stage actress, McKenna appeared in a number of made-for-television films and dramas. She also appeared in several motion pictures such as King of Kings in 1961, as Virgin Mary. In 1964, she performed in Of Human Bondage and the following year in Doctor Zhivago. She also appeared in The Last Days of Pompeii, as Fortunata, wife of Gaius (Laurence Olivier). In 1979 McKenna appeared in the title role of Roald Dahl's \"The Landlady\", an episode of the British TV series Tales of The Unexpected. McKenna was awarded the Gold Medal of the Éire Society of Boston, for having \"significantly fulfilled the ideals of the Éire Society, in particular, spreading awareness of the cultural achievements of the Irish people.\" Death Siobhán McKenna's final stage appearance came in the 1985 play Bailegangaire for the Druid Theatre Company. Despite surgery, she died of lung cancer the following year in Dublin, Ireland, at 64 years of age. Her body was buried at Rahoon Cemetery in County Galway. The inscription on the grave is in Irish. In 1988, two years after her death, she was inducted into the American Theater Hall of Fame. The Siobhán McKenna Theatre, named in her honour,", "title": "Siobhán McKenna" }, { "docid": "69419959", "text": "The 2022 Dr McKenna Cup, known for sponsorship reasons as the Bank of Ireland Dr McKenna Cup, was a Gaelic football competition in the province of Ulster for county teams. It took place in January 2022. The McKenna Cup was cancelled in 2021 due to the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on Gaelic games. The 2022 tournament was initially cancelled, but then restored. As in 2020, only county teams will compete, with no college teams. The group draw took place on 15 December 2021. Monaghan were the winners, defeating Donegal in the final. Competition format Group Stage The nine teams are drawn into three sections of three teams. Each team plays the other teams in their section once, either home or away. Two points are awarded for a win and one for a draw. The points-ratio method (points for divided by points against) is used to determine the ranking of teams who are level on section points (as opposed to the more typical scoring differential). Knock-out Stage The winners of the three sections and the best of the runners-up in the three sections compete in the semi-finals with the two winners meeting in the final. Drawn games are decided by penalty shoot-out without any extra time being played. Group stage Section A Section B Section C Ranking of section runners-up Knock-out stage Semi-finals Final References Dr McKenna Cup seasons", "title": "2022 Dr McKenna Cup" }, { "docid": "23995776", "text": "John McKenna (1855–1936) was an Irish businessman, rugby player, and first manager of Liverpool F.C. John McKenna or MacKenna may also refer to: Entertainment John McKenna (flautist) (1880–1947), Irish-American flautist John MacKenna (born 1952), Irish playwright and novelist John McKenna (sculptor) (born 1964), British/Scottish sculptor John McKenna (director), British TV director Sports John McKenna (footballer) (1882–?), English footballer who played as a defender John McKenna (American football) (1914–2007), American football player, coach, and administrator John McKenna (hurler) (born 1938), Irish hurler Johnny McKenna (1926–1980), Irish footballer Jack McKenna (born 1942), Irish darts player Other John McKenna (usher) (1841–1898), Irish American civil servant; Chief Usher of the White House John or Juan Mackenna (1771–1814), Irishman hero of the Chilean War of Independence", "title": "John McKenna (disambiguation)" }, { "docid": "59746762", "text": "Mark McKenna (born 5 May 1996) is an Irish actor, singer, songwriter, and producer. He is mostly known for having starred in the film Sing Street and the YouTube Premium/Amazon Prime series Wayne. Career McKenna made his film debut in 2016 in Sing Street. He was the lead singer/guitarist in the band The Girl Talk. McKenna is now the lead singer/guitarist in the band Milk. McKenna landed his first lead role in the American television series Wayne, which premiered on 16 January 2019. McKenna posts demos under the name LOVERBOY on SoundCloud starting in 2016. On 16 November 2019, it was announced that he would play the role of Simon on the NBC pilot for One of Us Is Lying, based on the bestselling mystery novel by Karen M. McManus. Filmography Film Television Discography With The Girl Talk Extended plays Singles Promotional singles With milk. Extended plays Singles Mark McKenna Promotional singles As LOVERBOY Promotional singles References External links 1996 births Living people 21st-century Irish male actors Irish male film actors Irish male television actors Irish male singers Male actors from Dublin (city)", "title": "Mark McKenna" }, { "docid": "25549753", "text": "Betty McKenna [Mac] (May 31, 1931 – February 24, 1992) was a third basewoman who played from through in the All-American Girls Professional Baseball League. McKenna batted and threw right-handed. She was born in Lisbon, Ohio. A solid all-around athlete, McKenna got off to a slow start in the AAGPBL in her rookie season. She entered the league in 1951 with the Fort Wayne Daisies, playing for them in a few games before joining the Peoria Redwings during the midseason and ending the year with the Battle Creek Belles, batting .151 in 61 games, including six doubles and one triple. After hitting .077 in 1952 in just 61 games, McKenna moved with the Belles when they relocated to Muskegon, Michigan before the 1953 season. This time she took over the full-time role at third base and blossomed into one of the better defenders of the hot corner in the league, setting career-numbers in average (.215), hits (63), runs (31), runs batted in (28), stolen bases (16) and games (94). Still only 22 years old, she was becoming a full-pledged star player, but the Belles, after two championship titles in the 1940s and two reincarnations in the 1950s, folded after 1953 season while the BBGPBL, too, folded a year later. McKenna died in Ohio at the age of 60. Sources Encyclopedia of women and baseball - Leslie A. Heaphy, Mel Anthony May. Publisher: McFarland & Co., 2006. Format: Paperback, 438 pp. Language: English. The Women of the All-American Girls Professional Baseball League: A biographical dictionary - W. C. Madden. Publisher: McFarland & Co., 1997. Format: Paperback, 295 pp. Language: English. External links All-American Girls Professional Baseball League Baseball Historian All-American Girls Professional Baseball League players Baseball players from Ohio People from Lisbon, Ohio 1931 births 1992 deaths Fort Wayne Daisies players Peoria Redwings players 20th-century American people", "title": "Betty McKenna" }, { "docid": "1803960", "text": "Kevin James McKenna (born 21 January 1980) is a Canadian former professional soccer player who played as a centre back and current assistant manager of 1. FC Köln. Occasionally, he also played as a central midfielder or striker. Club career McKenna began to play with soccer 1990 in the Academy team of Calgary Foothills and was promoted to the senior team in 1991. He was selected for the Alberta Provincial Under 15 team in 1995 and won the Canadian National Championships with them that year. Owen Hargreaves was also part of that Alberta team. Energie Cottbus After playing with Calgary Foothills as an amateur, McKenna played three seasons (the first two in the reserves) with German Bundesliga side Energie Cottbus. In the first game of the 2000–01 season, McKenna and international teammate Paul Stalteri simultaneously became the first Canadians to play in the German Bundesliga in a match between McKenna's newly promoted Cottbus and Stalteri's Werder Bremen. Hearts In 2001, McKenna moved to Scottish Premier League team Hearts on loan, playing eight games for the Edinburgh club. After a £300,000 transfer that summer, McKenna was the club's second leading scorer in the 2001–02 season with nine goals in 35 games. As a mostly reserve striker in 2002–03, McKenna scored six in 41. He also scored five goals in 38 games in 2003–04. After falling out of favour at Hearts in 2005, McKenna returned to Energie Cottbus. He was elected as the club's new captain after the departure of former skipper Gregg Berhalter. 1. FC Köln In the summer of 2007, McKenna signed a four-year contract with 1. FC Köln, dropping down a division to the 2. Bundesliga. McKenna made his debut for his new team on 10 August 2007, in a 2–0 away win against FC St. Pauli. Several weeks later, McKenna scored his first goal for the club on 5 October in a 4–1 home victory over Kickers Offenbach. He helped Köln to promotion into the top flight in his first season with the club. McKenna scored his first goal in the 2010–11 season in a 4–2 away loss to powerhouse Werder Bremen on 28 August, the other goal scored by teammate Lukas Podolski. Weeks later during the month of September, McKenna had surgery done on his knee and was labeled out indefinitely, however he made a faster recovery then originally anticipated and returned to the first team in early December. He did not see any playing time until being subbed on in the 75th minute to Schalke 04 on 19 December, the game ended as a 3–0 loss. McKenna made his 2011–12 debut as a starter on 13 August against Schalke in the team's second game of the season, it ended as a 5–1 away loss. Two weeks later Mckenna scored his first goal of the season and the winning goal to beat Hamburger SV in a thrilling 4–3 away victory. International career McKenna made his debut for Canada in a May 2000 friendly match against Trinidad and", "title": "Kevin McKenna" }, { "docid": "59791492", "text": "Ciaran Paul McKenna (born 25 March 1998) is a Scottish professional footballer who plays as a centre back or right back. McKenna has previously played for Falkirk, Hamilton Academical, Partick Thistle and Queen of the South. Early life McKenna was born in Glasgow and was educated at Cardinal Newman High School, Bellshill, and St Ninian's High School, Kirkintilloch. McKenna played in the Celtic Academy, before turning down the offer of a three-year professional contract with the club, to accept the offer of a scholarship with Duke University in North Carolina. Club career Early career McKenna had 42 appearances with the Duke Blue Devils over three seasons and scored two goals. McKenna also spent a spell during 2017 playing for Jacksonville Armada U-23 in the National Premier Soccer League. Falkirk In January 2019, McKenna joined Falkirk. McKenna had 17 league appearances and scored two goals in his debut season as a professional with the Bairns. Hamilton Academical In June 2019, McKenna joined Hamilton Academical and had four league appearances and also four League Cup matches for the Accies. Partick Thistle In August 2020, McKenna joined Partick Thistle on a two-year contract. McKenna had 34 league appearances and scored one goal, as well as 14 cup matches for the Harry Wraggs. Queen of the South On 24 June 2022, McKenna joined Queen of the South on a one-year contract. McKenna was released by the Doonhamers at the end of the 2022-23 season. Personal life Between 14 November 2015 and 27 January 2016, McKenna was accused of rape by a fellow student at Duke University. The establishment then issued a six-semester suspension, which upon appeal by McKenna was increased to a ten-semester suspension, but this was overturned by legal action on a technicality as to the university's \"double jeopardy\" policy. In June 2022, McKenna, married Jamaica Women's national team player Kayla McCoy in Oak Park, Illinois, USA. The pair met in college. Career statistics Honours Club Partick Thistle Scottish League One: 2020–21 References External links 1998 births Living people Scottish men's footballers Falkirk F.C. players Scottish Professional Football League players Men's association football defenders Hamilton Academical F.C. players Celtic F.C. players Scottish expatriate men's footballers Scottish expatriate sportspeople in the United States Expatriate men's soccer players in the United States Duke Blue Devils men's soccer players Partick Thistle F.C. players National Premier Soccer League players Queen of the South F.C. players Jacksonville Armada U-23 players People educated at St Ninian's High School, Kirkintilloch", "title": "Ciaran McKenna" }, { "docid": "2461860", "text": "John McKenna (; 3 January 1855 – 22 March 1936) was an Irish businessman, professional rugby player, and the first manager of the Liverpool Football Club which has since gone on to become one of the most successful football clubs in England. Early life and career McKenna was born on 3 January 1855 in Glaslough, a village in the north-east corner of County Monaghan in Ireland. He was the son of Patrick McKenna and Jane McCrudden. In the 1870s he moved to Liverpool seeking work which he soon found at a grocery store, and later as a vaccination officer for the West Derby Union. McKenna had a keen interest in sports, particularly rugby, as well as football and shooting sports. He helped form a regimental rugby club and joined the West Lancashire County Rugby Football Union. Liverpool F.C. McKenna met the founder of Liverpool Football Club John Houlding, who invited him to Anfield to watch his Everton team play. He remained with Houlding after Everton left Anfield for Goodison Park. Houlding was a major driving force for Liverpool throughout the early years, and he used his connections to look for players in Glasgow. His team was known as the \"Team of Macs\" due to the number of players with \"Mc\" in their surname: Duncan McLean, James McBride, Malcolm McVean, Hugh McQueen, Matt McQueen, John McCartney, Bill McOwen and Joe McQue. Acting as the club's secretary, McKenna telegraphed the Football League asking for Liverpool to be admitted, but was denied entry by the Football Association. This refusal forced McKenna to guide Liverpool through the ranks of the Lancashire League on his own. Liverpool played their first game with an 8–0 win at Anfield against Higher Walton, with John Smith scoring the first competitive goal. After ending their first competitive season as champions, Liverpool were elected into the Football League, and played their first Football League match away to Middlesbrough Ironopolis on 2 September 1893, and won 2–0. McKenna served as Liverpool's chairman from 1906-1915. He was elected president of the Football League in 1917, a position he held for nearly 20 years until his death in March 1936. He had served Liverpool for over 40 years. Like Houlding, McKenna was an active freemason, attending Cecil Lodge No. 3274. Death and legacy His coffin was carried through the city by three Liverpool players and three Everton players. A plaque in commemoration to him remains in the foyer in Anfield. In August 2011, a commemorative plaque in honour of Liverpool FC's first manager John McKenna was unveiled in Glaslough in County Monaghan, Ireland. Over 200 people attended an informative talk on McKenna by Keith Falkiner, author of the book Emerald Anfield, in the local community hall before the plaque was unveiled by Kopite and LFC Donegal secretary David Moen. At the conclusion of his talk, Falkiner summed up the achievements of McKenna, saying, \"The course of history has proven John McKenna to be one of the most powerful and successful men at Liverpool", "title": "John McKenna" }, { "docid": "13433695", "text": "Joe McKenna (born 10 June 1951 in Shinrone, County Offaly) is an Irish former hurler who played for his local club Shinrone in Offaly and later at senior level for the Offaly county team, before transferring to South Liberties and playing at senior level for the Limerick county team. From 1970 to 1973 he represented Offaly, playing two championship and 18 league matches. From 1974 until 1985 he played for Limerick. McKenna later served as manager of the Limerick senior county team. He operates a business, selling tools, machinery and DIY equipment in Limerick city. Playing career Club Having transferred from Shinrone, McKenna played his club hurling with the famous South Liberties club in Limerick and enjoyed much success. He won his first senior county title in 1972. Four years later in 1976 McKenna captured a second county medal, however, South Liberties were later defeated by Glen Rovers in the Munster club final. 1978 saw him add a third county title before collecting a fourth county medal in 1981. Once again South Liberties were later defeated by Mount Sion in the Munster club final. Inter-county McKenna first represented Offaly in the 1970 National hurling league making his debut against Dublin. He played for Offaly in the 1971 and 1972 championship and made his final appearance for the Faithful county in February 1973. Later in 1973 he switched allegiance and joined the Limerick senior team, however, it would take some time before he gained a regular place on the team. In 1973 McKenna was a non-playing substitute when Limerick defeated Tipperary to win the Munster title for the first time since 1955. Although he played no part in that game he was on the starting fifteen for the subsequent All-Ireland final against Kilkenny. Limerick outplayed Kilkenny throughout the eighty minutes and captured a 1–21 to 1–14 victory, giving McKenna his sole All-Ireland medal. In 1974 he won his first Munster title on the field of play as Limerick trounced Clare in the provincial final. McKenna's side later faced Kilkenny for the second year in-a-row, however, 'the Cats' had a comfortable twelve-point victory over Limerick. The team faded out of the limelight for a number of years, however, Limerick bounced back in 1980 with McKenna capturing a second Munster title. His side later took on Galway in the championship decider, however, for the first time since 1923 the men from the West captured the All-Ireland title in an emotional display at Croke Park. Limerick were back in 1981 with McKenna adding a third Munster medal to his collection. Unfortunately, Limerick were later defeated by Gaway in an All-Ireland semi-final replay. Now in the twilight of his career McKenna captured a National Hurling League medal in 1984. He retired from inter-county hurling in 1985. He was honoured with 6 All stars in 1974, 1975, 1978, 1979, 1980 and 1981. Provincial McKenna also lined out with Munster in the inter-provincial hurling competition and won Railway Cup titles in 1976, 1981 and 1984. Managing Limerick", "title": "Joe McKenna" }, { "docid": "23222078", "text": "Charlene Lee McKenna (; born 26 March 1984) is an Irish actress. She became a household name in Ireland after starring as Jennifer Jackson in the miniseries Pure Mule (2005). She appeared on Irish television in Single-Handed 2 (2008), Whistleblower (2008), and Raw (2008–2013). For Raw, she won Best Actress (Television) at the Irish Film & Television Awards, and for Whistleblower, she won Outstanding Actress in a Mini-Series at the Monte Carlo Television Festival. Since 2009, McKenna has appeared on British television as Rose Erskine in the BBC mystery drama Ripper Street (2012–2016), Leah Liebermann in the BBC psychological thriller Vienna Blood (2019–present), Laura McKee in series five and six of Peaky Blinders (2019–2022), and DS Niamh McGovern in the BBC police procedural Bloodlands (2021–2022). Early life and education McKenna grew up in Glaslough, County Monaghan where her parents owned a mushroom farm and later The Pillar House pub. She has five older brothers. She attended St Louis Secondary School in Monaghan before going on to study Classical Music and Religious Education at Mater Dei Institute of Education in Dublin. However, she deferred her third year to make time for her career before withdrawing from the course altogether. Career McKenna first appeared on stage at the age of eleven, playing a small role in Oklahoma! with the Monaghan Youth Theatre. Her first large-scale production was Pure Mule which launched her career. She played Jennifer Jackson, a racy character, in the series. She also appeared in The Old Curiosity Shop, a 2007 ITV adaptation of the Charles Dickens novel of the same name starring Derek Jacobi, Toby Jones, Bradley Walsh, Zoë Wanamaker, Martin Freeman, Steve Pemberton, Anna Madeley and Gina McKee. In 2007, she appeared in the short Danger High Voltage at the Electric Picnic music festival in Stradbally, County Laois. The film, which also starred Barry Ward and was directed by Luke McManus, went on to win awards at both the Galway Film Fleadh and the Cork Film Festival in 2008. McKenna also appeared as Mary McMahon in Dorothy Mills. She appeared in the second episode of Single-Handed 2, broadcast on 1 January 2008, in which Garda Sergeant Jack Driscoll investigated the case of the missing two-year-old son of her character, Eilish. Eilish also had to endure several resentful in-laws. This performance was described as \"outstanding\". Whistleblower, a two-part fact-based drama broadcast in August 2008, was based on the late 1970s scandal at Our Lady of Lourdes Hospital in Drogheda, County Louth, involving gynaecologist Michael Neary. McKenna played Karen, a young mother who has an unnecessary hysterectomy performed on her after giving birth. Emma Stansfield played the nurse who blew the whistle. McKenna won the Outstanding Actress in a Mini-Series award for her role in Whistleblower at the Monte Carlo Television Festival in June 2009. McKenna starred in the RTÉ series Raw. Scenes involving restaurant staff tampering with their guests' food failed to attract much complaint. McKenna's character in the series is Jojo, a young chef, working under Tanya, a", "title": "Charlene McKenna" }, { "docid": "62371475", "text": "Leticia Lee McKenna (born 7 August 2002) is an Australian soccer player who currently plays as a midfielder for Melbourne City. She has previously played for Perth Glory and Brisbane Roar. Club career McKenna debuted in the 2018 season as a 16 year old for Perth Glory, and played 12 matches in which she scored 2 goals, and playing in Perth's winning semi-final team, where she provided an assist for Sam Kerr. McKenna was one of a number of teenagers in the Perth team, and received praise from Kerr, the team's star player, for her abilities and maturity. McKenna also scored a goal in her debut, a 4–4 draw with Canberra United in round 2 of the 2018–19 W-League season. She also played for the Australian under 19 team during their qualification for the 2019 AFC U-19 Women's Championship McKenna was also an ambassador for the 2019 Smarter than Smoking Kicking Off Healthy Clubs initiative. In November 2020, McKenna signed with Brisbane Roar for the 2020–21 W-League season. In September 2021, McKenna joined Melbourne City on a two-year contract. References Australian women's soccer players 2002 births Perth Glory FC (A-League Women) players Brisbane Roar FC (A-League Women) players Melbourne City FC (A-League Women) players Living people Women's association football midfielders Place of birth missing (living people)", "title": "Leticia McKenna" }, { "docid": "46815519", "text": "Brian McKenna (born May 25, 1977) is a British-born chef and restaurateur who is best known for becoming head chef at the (now closed) Michelin-starred Le Poussin at Parkhill restaurant in Hampshire, southern England at the age of 21. McKenna is currently based in Beijing, China where he has opened a series of restaurants and catering businesses. Career McKenna got his culinary start at the age of 14 in the kitchens of ‘Ninety Park Lane’, a three-Michelin-starred restaurant inside Grosvenor House Hotel in Mayfair, London. In 2008, McKenna launched ROOMbmk, a hospitality group that managed and operated up to thirty-two restaurants in Beijing, including three at the Ullens Center for Contemporary Art (UCCA), a space in Beijing’s art district – one of the biggest art galleries in Asia. During the 2008 Beijing Olympics, McKenna’s hospitality group, ROOMbmk, cooked for wine-critic Robert Parker at an event on The Great Wall of China. In June 2012, Brian McKenna Ltd, took over the Courtyard restaurant on the edge of the ancient Forbidden City moat in Beijing - Brian McKenna @The Courtyard officially opens in February 2013. In May 2015, Brian McKenna announced that he would close his namesake restaurant on 13 June after three years and cited, “demanding consulting projects, a new gastropub opening in August and an expanding catering company,” as reasons for his departure. In June 2015, McKenna announced plans to open two new signature restaurants on his Linkedin page. They include Molly Malone’s Gastropub and BMK Kitchen set to open in Autumn 2015 and early 2016 in central Beijing. Awards In 2009, McKenna received the AAA (American Automobile Association) Five Star Diamond Award. See also List of restaurateurs References British restaurateurs 1977 births Living people", "title": "Brian McKenna (restaurateur)" }, { "docid": "49014743", "text": "Megan Elizabeth McKenna (born 26 September 1992) is an English television personality and singer. After making appearances on Ex on the Beach (2015–2016), she received wider attention for appearing on Celebrity Big Brother (2016) and The Only Way Is Essex (2016–2017). McKenna then launched her music career, releasing her debut studio album, Story of Me (2018), and she later went on to win The X Factor: Celebrity (2019). Since her win, McKenna has continued to release music, and has competed in the BBC series Celebrity MasterChef (2021 and 2022). Early and personal life McKenna was born on 26 September 1992 in Barking, London. In her autobiography, Mouthy, McKenna revealed that she was bullied at school. In 2016, McKenna revealed that she suffers from coeliac disease. In March 2016, she began dating The Only Way Is Essex cast member Pete Wicks, but the pair broke up in 2017. She got engaged to footballer Oliver Burke in June 2023. In April 2024, McKenna announced she was pregnant with their first child. In September 2023, McKenna suffered facial burns after \"a freak accident\" involving a jug of gravy. Career 2009–2019: Reality television and Story of Me In 2009, McKenna reached the semi-finals of third series of Britain's Got Talent as part of the music duo Harmony. In the same year, she appeared in an advertisement for the second series of The Inbetweeners. McKenna appeared in an episode of The Only Way Is Essex in 2010, where she auditioned to be part of the girl group LOLA. As part of LOLA, she performed at T4 Stars of 2010. She also auditioned for The X Factor twice, making it to bootcamp each time. In 2015, McKenna appeared on the third series of MTV reality series Ex on the Beach. She returned to the programme for the fourth series, alongside Jordan Davies. She departed from Ex on the Beach early due to the death of her grandfather. She went on to become a housemate in the seventeenth series of Celebrity Big Brother in 2016. During her time in the house, she received a formal warning for using aggressive and threatening behaviour towards her fellow housemates. She was the fourth housemate to be evicted having received the fewest votes to save, spending a total of 18 days in the house. In March 2016, she joined The Only Way Is Essex as a full-time cast member. In May 2017, McKenna launched her own restaurant, \"MCK Grill\", in Woodford Green. Later in 2017, she released a range of hair extension pieces with Easilocks. McKenna made her final appearance on The Only Way Is Essex on 25 October 2017, expressing an interest in focusing on her music career. In 2017, McKenna starred in her own reality series, There's Something About Megan. The series focused on McKenna travelling to Nashville to begin a career in country music. The series consisted of three episodes, and aired on ITVBe. After the series finale, McKenna launched her music career, releasing her debut extended play,", "title": "Megan McKenna" }, { "docid": "33380603", "text": "Brian McKenna (August 8, 1945 – May 5, 2023) was a Canadian documentary film director. He was best known for his films on Canadian history and exploration of the world at war. Biography Brian McKenna was born on August 8, 1945 in Montreal, Canada McKenna was a founding producer of CBC's Oscar- and Emmy award-winning documentary program, The Fifth Estate, where he worked from 1975 to 1988. McKenna was a parliamentary correspondent for the Montreal Star. He was a frequent collaborator with his brother Terence, also a filmmaker, in particular on the three-part series The Valour and the Horror. The most controversial segment in the series concerned strategic bombing during World War II. McKenna's contributions included prize-winning reporting of Canada's wars, including the War of 1812, the First and Second World Wars, and Korea. Among his documentary film achievements, McKenna also co-authored the Penguin Books biography of Montreal mayor Jean Drapeau. McKenna wrote for Saturday Night, Weekend Magazine, the Literary Review of Canada, Cité Libre, the Toronto Star and Maclean's. McKenna died on May 5, 2023, from an illness at the age of 77. Filmography and awards McKenna was awarded a combined nine Gemini and prix Gemeaux awards and was the winner of a lifetime achievement Gemini and the Pierre Berton Prize for Canadian History. He has received three Nellie awards for best documentary writing. His hour-long 1983 investigation on the assassination of JFK drew the largest audiences for The Fifth Estate in the show's history. \"In many respects, Brian McKenna's extensive commitment to broadcasting Canada's stories laid the groundwork for future major television projects with Canadian history at their core. But what makes him so honourable to me, is his passion to telling exceptional stories of everyday Canadians – so that all of us can better see ourselves in our history,\" said Deborah Morrison, president and C.E.O. of Canada's National History Society, who bestows the annual Pierre Berton award. His work on the controversial documentary series, The Valour and the Horror, with his brother Terence McKenna, uniquely earned prizes for Best Direction, Best Writing and Best Documentary Series in English and French (Prix Gemeaux). Denounced by England's tabloid press, the series caused an uproar when it was shown in Great Britain, winning acclaim from The Guardian, The Times and The Telegraph: \"It was a brave film to make\" wrote novelist A.N. Wilson, \"and a brave film to show.\" Pierre Trudeau: The Memoirs was broadcast in both official languages and won the prix Gemeaux for Best Doctumentary Series in 1994. He won two Gemini awards for his feature-length drama on the Montreal underworld, And Then You Die. The Hooded Men, his film on torture, won the top prize at the American Film Festival and was employed by Amnesty International in their stop torture campaign. His film on CIA brainwashing at a Montreal psychiatric hospital, Secret Tests, landed on the front page of The New York Times, provoking debate in the U.S. Congress and Parliament. It won the gold medal for", "title": "Brian McKenna" }, { "docid": "7441317", "text": "Eugene McKenna is a former Gaelic football manager and player for Augher St Macartan's and for the Tyrone county team. With three All Stars, three Ulster Senior Football Championship medals as a player, two as a manager to his name, and, in 2002, he guided Tyrone to their first all-Ireland triumph in the National League. He later managed his county. His son Niall won the All-Ireland Minor Football Championship with Tyrone in 2008 having played the season in midfield. His second son, Peter, represented the Tyrone Minors in 2012, playing wing half back and both sons currently represent Donaghmore St Patrick's GFC at senior level. Playing career McKenna was the captain of a noteworthy Tyrone team in the mid-eighties, which included All Star winners, Plunkett Donaghy, Frank McGuigan, Damian O'Hagan and John Lynch. Eugene started his playing career with Augher St Macartan's, a small club in the south of Tyrone. He achieved great success with Augher, such as winning the Tyrone County Championship and captaining them twice on this occasion. In 1986, he led Tyrone to their first ever All-Ireland Final, against the much-fancied Kerry, who were going for their third title in a row. Tyrone gained a massive seven-point lead during the second half, but a missed penalty dented their confidence, and McKenna had to be replaced due to injury. Tyrone then suffered a heavy defeat to the experienced Kerrymen, with the score ending 2-15 to 1-10 (21 points to 13). He won the Ulster Championship again in 1989, although this time he was under the skippership of Plunkett Donaghy. Tyrone defeated Donegal in a replayed final. McKenna won three All-Star awards during his career, in 1984, 1986 and 1989, making him Tyrone's most prolific representative, until the emergence of Peter Canavan in the mid nineties. Management career After he retired from playing football, McKenna joined his longtime manager, Art McRory, guiding the team to its second sustained spell of success. This began in 1994, with Tyrone reaching the Ulster Final, although they lost to Down. Down went on to win the All-Ireland Final, to continue a streak of four Ulster teams winning the accolade in a row. In 1995, Tyrone won the Ulster Championship, including winning a heated encounter against Derry, where they came back from five points down, despite having two players sent off. In the Ulster Final, against Cavan, McKenna's substitutes both scored goals, and Tyrone comfortably won the match by nine points. When Adrian Cush scored the second goal with less than two minutes remaining, the jubilant Tyrone fans (who were already lining the pitch) initiated a premature pitch invasion. However, they quickly broke, avoiding the possibility of the match being abandoned. In the next game, the All-Ireland Semi-Final, Tyrone beat Galway, with an emerging Peter Canavan leading the team with a personal tally of 1-07. It had only been the second time Tyrone had won the Semi-Final, the first being in 1986, when McKenna was captain. In the All-Ireland Final against Dublin, Tyrone took", "title": "Eugene McKenna" }, { "docid": "3237062", "text": "Peter McKenna (born 27 August 1946 in Brunswick West, Victoria) is a former Australian rules footballer who represented Collingwood and Carlton in the Victorian Football League (VFL) during the 1960s and 1970s. He also represented Devonport in the North West Football Union (NWFU), and Northcote, Port Melbourne and Geelong West in the Victorian Football Association (VFA). Regarded as one of the best full-forwards to ever play the game, McKenna holds the VFL/AFL record for the longest sequence of matches in which he scored at least one goal: 121 matches. A moptop hairstyle, genial grin, and a gift for taking chest-high marks won McKenna adulation in the 1960s and 1970s as the game's first multimedia star. He continued his involvement in the game as a commentator with the Seven Network during the 1980s and 1990s. Playing career McKenna was the second of five children to Winnie and Kevin McKenna. He grew up supporting and played soccer until he was 13. Recruited from West Heidelberg YCW, McKenna credited Collingwood coach Bob Rose for patiently helping to shape him into the champion footballer he was to become. In the opening round of the 1966 VFL season against at Victoria Park, McKenna gave a glimpse of what was to come when he kicked 12 goals in a match-winning effort, the first of thirteen occasions when he would kick ten or more goals in a game. However, McKenna's form dropped away; and, after being held goalless against in round 6, he was dropped for the remainder of the season. McKenna kicked 47 goals in 1967, leading Collingwood's goalkicking for the first time. He went on to win that award for eight consecutive seasons, including in 1969 and 1971 when he kicked 143 and 134 goals, respectively. From the start of the 1968 VFL season to round 3, 1974, McKenna kicked at least one goal in 121 consecutive games, still a VFL/AFL record as of 2024. McKenna was noted for his use of the drop punt as his preferred kick for goalkicking. Although the drop punt had been in use since the 1930s, McKenna's accuracy and distance with the kick, at a time when most forwards still used the flat punt for shots longer than 30 metres, made him one of the first great exponents of the kicking style and helped to popularise it. Collingwood played in two grand finals during McKenna's career, 1966 and 1970, both of which Collingwood lost. McKenna did not play in the former match. In the latter game, he was concussed in a collision with teammate Des Tuddenham before half time which contributed to Collingwood giving up a 44-point half-time lead. In 1972 and 1973, McKenna was the VFL leading goalkicker, kicking 130 in 1972 and 86 in 1973. In 1972, he was also named All-Australian for his performance in the 1972 Perth Carnival for Victoria. At the end of round 10, 1975, McKenna led Collingwood's goalkicking list with a modest total of 26 goals, but the following week he had", "title": "Peter McKenna" }, { "docid": "15415741", "text": "Shaun Patrick McKenna (born 5 April 1957 in Maidstone, Kent) is an English dramatist, lyricist and screenwriter. Biography Shaun McKenna studied at Maidstone Grammar School and the University of Bristol (1975–1978). He was an actor for a few years, then taught drama, and began writing in his late 20s. He married former actress and agent Jenny Hayes in 1985; she died in 2014. Shaun McKenna lives in West London. Theatre Shaun McKenna's early theatre plays include Killing Camille (Paines Plough, Old Red Lion 1990, a rehearsed reading directed by Kathy Burke). He began an association with Michael Napier Brown at the Royal Theatre in Northampton for whom he adapted Richard Llewellyn's How Green Was My Valley (1990) in which Aled Jones made his acting debut, and R. F. Delderfield's To Serve Them All My Days (1992). He subsequently wrote a drama, Ruling Passions, which was presented at the Royal in 1995. He wrote the book for Ben Hur Live, based on the novel by Lew Wallace shown at the O2 arena in September 2009, and in a revised version at the Fiera di Roma, Rome in 2011. In spring 2012 his stage adaptation of Charles Dance's screenplay for Ladies in Lavender, with Hayley Mills and Belinda Lang, toured the UK. The production won five BroadwayWorld UK Awards 2012, including Best Fringe or Regional Play, Best Director (Robin Lefevre), Best Actress in a Leading Role (Hayley Mills), Best Actress in a Featured Role (Belinda Lang)and Best Actor in a Featured Role (Robert Rees). In 2014 his stage adaptation of Peter James's novella The Perfect Murder toured the UK, from January to April 2014 with Les Dennis and Claire Goose, and with Robert Daws and Dawn Steele from September 2014. In January 2016 a new tour went out with Shane Richie and Jessie Wallace. After The Perfect Murder, McKenna was commissioned by producers Joshua Andrews and Peter James to adapt James's novel Dead Simple. This toured in 2015 with a cast led by Tina Hobley, Jamie Lomas and Gray O'Brien. In 2017 there was a major UK tour of McKenna's stage version of Not Dead Enough starring Shane Richie, Laura Whitmore and Stephen Billington. Bill Ward subsequently took over from Shane Richie. In 2019, Shaun's fourth Peter James adaptation The House On Cold Hill toured the UK with a cast led by Joe McFadden, Rita Simons and Charlie Clements. McKenna's fifth Peter James adaptation, Looking Good Dead, began a long UK tour in Leicester in June 2021 and, ended in April 2022. It starred Adam Woodyatt and Gaynor Faye. Laurie Brett subsequently took over the female lead. The next play in the series Wish You Were Dead began a UK tour in February 2023, starring Clive Mantle, Giovanna Fletcher and George Rainsford as Roy Grace. In May 2021 his original thriller Rocky Road streamed during lockdown from Jermyn Street Theatre. Tyger Drew-Honey and Kirsten Foster played the two roles, and the show was directed by Steven Kunis and designed by Ceci Calf.", "title": "Shaun McKenna" }, { "docid": "7803610", "text": "Tyrone has been represented in Gaelic football for nearly a century. The team won the All-Ireland Senior Football Championship in 2003, 2005,2008 and 2021. Pre-1980s Tyrone first won the Ulster Championship in 1956, and won again in 1957. The team included the legendary Iggy Jones and Frankie Donnelly. Tyrone did not win a third Ulster title until 1973. The Tyrone Minors won the All-Ireland in 1947, 1948 and 1973. During 1973, Frank McGuigan, who captained the minor team, was also part of the Under-21 and Senior teams that won their Ulster Championships. 1980s Tyrone's first successful era came in the mid-eighties with the star-studded team that included players such as Frank McGuigan, Eugene McKenna, Plunkett Donaghy and John Lynch. In 1980, Kevin McCabe made history as Tyrone's first ever winner of an All Star Award. In 1984, Tyrone won their fourth Ulster Championship, with Frank McGuigan's display in the Ulster Final against Armagh considered among the finest individual performances ever seen in Gaelic Games. He scored eleven points from open play, five with each foot, and one fisted over. In 2004, his display was voted as one of the Top 20 GAA Moments of the previous forty years (i.e. since the dawn of televised matches). McGuigan won an All-Star that year, as did Eugene McKenna. 1986 In 1986, Tyrone reached their very first All-Ireland Final. However, they were the rank outsiders to beat Kerry, who were going for their third title in a row (and eighth in twelve years). At one stage in the second half, Tyrone had amassed a seven-point lead (a penalty that could have put them nine points ahead was struck over the bar by Kevin McCabe), but two of their leading players on the day, Eugene McKenna, and John Lynch had to be replaced due to injury, and the experience of Kerry shone through, going on to win by 2–15 to 1–10 (21 points to 13). An unprecedented four Tyrone players won All-Star Awards that year, Plunkett Donaghy, John Lynch, Damien O'Hagan and Eugene McKenna won his second. Tyrone beat Donegal in the replayed 1989 Ulster Final, with Plunkett Donaghy leading the team out that day. Eugene McKenna received his third All Star award that year, making him the leading representative of Tyrone in the All Star stakes. 1990s The Tyrone Seniors went through a relatively dry patch in the early nineties (although the standard of Ulster Football had developed immeasurably – by 1994, three different Ulster teams had won the All-Ireland four times in a row), however the Under 21 team was making waves. Led by Peter Canavan, the under age team reached three All-Ireland Finals, winning two in a row in 1991, and 1992. That team included young players like Adrian Cush, and Jody Gormley. As that young team graduated to the Senior ranks, they brought their winning ways with them. In 1994, Tyrone reached the Ulster Final, being defeated by eventual All-Ireland winners – who possessed the crux of their 1991 All-Ireland-winning team", "title": "History of the Tyrone county football team" } ]

[ "Jade Pettyjohn" ]

[ { "docid": "16398065", "text": "An authorization bill is a type of legislation used in the United States to authorize the activities of the various agencies and programs that are part of the federal government of the United States. Authorizing such programs is one of the powers of the United States Congress. Authorizations give those things the legal power to operate and exist. Authorization bills must be passed in both the United States House of Representatives and the United States Senate before being signed by the President of the United States in order to become law. They may originate in either chamber of Congress, unlike revenue raising bills, which must originate in the House. They can also be considered at any time during the year. Definition and characteristics According to a reference glossary provided by the United States Senate, an authorization act is \"A law that establishes or continues one or more Federal agencies or programs, establishes the terms and conditions under which they operate, authorizes the enactment of appropriations, and specifies how appropriated funds are to be used. Authorizations acts sometimes provide permanent appropriations.\" Authorization bills create, modify, and/or extend agencies, programs, and/or programs for a limited amount of time (by including an expiration date) or make them perpetual (without expiration date). The bill may get specific about who the leaders of the program will be, what their specific responsibilities are, what reports must be filed with Congress, and so forth. Congress can place recommended funding levels for the agencies and programs they authorize in an authorization bill, but their recommendations are non-binding. The recommendations can be for specific amounts in specific years for specific purposes, or it can be an unlimited amount (\"such sums as may be necessary\") in a particular time period or indefinitely. It is the appropriations bills that determine how much funding those agencies and programs will get. Most authorization bills today are for multiple years, with the exception of defense and intelligence agency authorizations, which happen annually. The defense authorization bills are referred to as the National Defense Authorization Act. Authorization-appropriation process Authorization bills are part of an authorization-appropriation process created by House and Senate rules governing spending. The spending process has two steps. First, an authorization bill is enacted. Authorization bills \"may create or continue an agency, program, or activity as well as authorize the subsequent enactment of appropriations.\" The second step is for an appropriations bill to be enacted. The appropriations bill provides the funding needed for the agency, program, or activity that was just authorized by the enacted authorization bill. Agencies and programs must have been authorized before they can have funds appropriated to them according to the rules of the House and (to a lesser extent) the Senate. The rules are meant \"to ensure that substantive and financial issues are subjected to separate and independent analysis.\" However, these rules are often not followed. The two types of bills – authorization bills and appropriations bills – are separated into the jurisdiction of different committees. Appropriations bills", "title": "Authorization bill" }, { "docid": "40524435", "text": "The Continuing Appropriations Act, 2014 (; ) is a law used to resolve both the United States federal government shutdown of 2013 and the United States debt-ceiling crisis of 2013. After the Republican-led House of Representatives could not agree on an originating resolution to end the government crisis, as had been agreed, the Democratic-led Senate used bill H.R. 2775 to resolve the impasse and to satisfy the Origination Clause requirement of Article One of the United States Constitution, which requires that revenue bills must originate in the House of Representatives. Traditionally, appropriation bills also originate in the House of Representatives. The original bill, H.R. 2775, was introduced into the House of Representatives on July 22, 2013 as the No Subsidies Without Verification Act. It sought to declare that no premium tax credits or reductions in cost-sharing for the purchase of qualified health benefit plans under the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (PPACA, often informally known as \"Obamacare\") shall be allowed before the Secretary of Health and Human Services (HHS) certifies to Congress that there is a program in place, consistent with PPACA requirements, that verifies the household income and coverage requirements of individuals applying for such credits and cost-sharing reduction. The bill passed the House on September 12, 2013. On October 16, 2013, the Senate amended the bill, renaming it the Continuing Appropriations Act, 2014, adding a continuing resolution to fund the government until January 15, 2014, and suspending the U.S. debt ceiling until February 7, 2014, in addition to other matters, while retaining the House's original PPACA verification provision. The Senate passed the bill that evening on an 81–18 vote. The House also passed it on the same day by a 285–144 margin, and President Barack Obama signed the bill shortly after midnight, on October 17. Original version H.R. 2775 was originally introduced into the House of Representatives on July 22, 2013, under the name \"No Subsidies Without Verification Act\". The bill was only about a page long at that time (see the text as introduced). H.R. 2775 would declare that no premium tax credits or reductions in cost-sharing for the purchase of qualified health benefit plans under PPACA shall be allowed before the Secretary of Health and Human Services (HHS) certifies to Congress that there is a program in place, consistent with PPACA requirements, that verifies the household income and coverage requirements of individuals applying for such credits and cost-sharing reduction. Section 1411 of the PPACA establishes requirements for a program to determine whether someone meets the income and coverage qualifications for such premium tax credits and cost-sharing subsidies (among other things). The House passed this version of the bill on September 12, 2013. CBO and the Joint Committee on Taxation (JCT) have estimated that the original H.R. 2775 would not affect direct spending or revenues. A program is currently being put in place to verify income and coverage qualifications for the tax credits and subsidies, and that program appears to CBO and JCT to be in", "title": "Continuing Appropriations Act, 2014" }, { "docid": "26429128", "text": "The Hiring Incentives to Restore Employment (HIRE) Act of 2010 (, ) is a law in the 111th United States Congress to provide payroll tax breaks and incentives for businesses to hire unemployed workers. Often characterized as a \"jobs bill\", certain Democrats in Congress state that it is only one piece of a broader job creation legislative agenda, along with the Travel Promotion Act and other bills. Legislative history The House of Representatives passed the original version on June 18, 2009 by a vote of 259–157. The Senate passed an amended bill on November 5, 2009 by a vote of 71–28. The House agreed to the amendments, with amendments, on December 16, 2009 by a vote of 217–212. The Senate agreed to the amendments, with amendments, on February 24, 2010 by a vote of 70–28. The House followed on March 4, 2010, passing an amended version (in compliance with new pay-as-you-go rules) by a vote of 217–201. On March 17,2010 the Senate agreed to the House's amendment by a vote of 68–29, and sent the bill to the President. President Barack Obama signed the bill on March 18, 2010. Provisions Employers are eligible for a payroll tax credit when the employer hires certain new employees after February 3, 2010, and before January 1, 2011. In order to take the payroll tax credit, the employee must have either been unemployed for at least 60 days prior to hire or worked fewer than 40 hours for another employer during the previous 60 days. Employers do not pay the employer portion of social security tax, which is 6.2 percent, on wages paid to eligible new hires. In addition, employers receive a general business income tax break if the employer continues to employ the new hire for at least 52 weeks. The tax break is the lesser of $1,000 or 6.2 percent of wages paid to the new employee during the 52-week period. Household employers are ineligible for both tax benefits, as are new employees who are related to the employer. Also ineligible are employees who earn more than $106,000 per year and employees who displace a current employee, unless the first employee resigned or was terminated for cause. Employers may claim the credit after an eligible employee signs a statement affirming their previous unemployed status, such as Form W-11. The Act also extends the $250,000 deduction limit under Internal Revenue Code section 179 through 2010, authorizes $20 billion for highway and transit projects, and makes reforms to municipal bonds. Ostensibly to offset the costs of the Act, the new Foreign Account Tax Compliance Act (FATCA) enacts Chapter 4 of, and makes other modifications to, the Internal Revenue Code of 1986. It requires foreign banks to find any American account holders and disclose their balances, receipts, and withdrawals to the US Internal Revenue Service (IRS), or be subject to a 30-percent withholding tax on income from US financial assets held by the banks. Owners of these foreign-held assets must report them on US tax", "title": "Hiring Incentives to Restore Employment Act" }, { "docid": "13468303", "text": "The Origination Clause, sometimes called the Revenue Clause, is Article I, Section 7, Clause 1 of the U.S. Constitution. The clause says that all bills for raising revenue must start in the U.S. House of Representatives, but the U.S. Senate may propose or concur with amendments, as in the case of other bills. The Origination Clause stemmed from a British parliamentary practice that all money bills must have their first reading and any other initial readings in the House of Commons before they are sent to the House of Lords. The practice was intended to ensure that the power of the purse is possessed by the legislative body most responsive to the people, but the British practice was modified in America by allowing the Senate to amend these bills. This clause was part of the Great Compromise between small and large states. The large states were unhappy with the lopsided power of small states in the Senate and so the Origination Clause theoretically offsets the unrepresentative nature of the Senate by compensating the large states for allowing equal voting rights to senators from small states. Text The clause reads as follows: All Bills for raising Revenue shall originate in the House of Representatives; but the Senate may propose or concur with Amendments as on other Bills. Background The U.S. Constitution was written in 1787 and adopted in 1789. Several state constitutions followed British practice by providing that \"money bills\" must start in the more representative branch of the state legislature. Vesting the power of origination in the House of Representatives was part of the Great Compromise in which the framers also agreed to allow equality in the Senate, regardless of a state's population, and to allow representation in the House based on a state's population. The framers adopted the Great Compromise on July 16, 1787. The draft clause then stated that \"all bills for raising or appropriating money.... shall originate in the [representative house], and shall not be altered or amended by the [other house]. ... \" The Origination Clause was modified later in 1787 to reduce the House's power by allowing the Senate to amend revenue bills and by removing appropriation bills from the scope of the clause (the House and Senate have disagreed on the latter point). However, a proposal was defeated that would have reduced the House's power even more by changing \"bills for raising revenue\" to \"bills for raising money for the purpose of revenue.\" James Madison explained: In many acts, particularly in the regulations of trade, the object would be twofold. The raising of revenue would be one of them. How could it be determined which was the primary or predominant one; or whether it was necessary that revenue shd: be the sole object, in exclusion even of other incidental effects. Regarding the decision to allow Senate amendments, some of the reasoning was given by Theophilus Parsons during the convention in Massachusetts that ratified the Constitution. He said that otherwise, \"representatives might tack any foreign", "title": "Origination Clause" }, { "docid": "1600169", "text": "The United States House Committee on the Budget, commonly known as the House Budget Committee, is a standing committee of the United States House of Representatives. Its responsibilities include legislative oversight of the federal budget process, reviewing all bills and resolutions on the budget, and monitoring agencies and programs funded outside of the budgetary process. The committee briefly operated as a select committee in 1919 and 1921, during the 66th and 67th United States Congresses, before being made a standing committee in 1974. Role of the committee The primary responsibility of the Budget Committee is the drafting and preparation of the Concurrent Resolution on the Budget, commonly referred to as the \"budget resolution\". This resolution sets the aggregate levels of revenue and spending that is expected to occur in a given fiscal year. A budget resolution by law must be enacted by Congress by April 15. This target date is rarely met, and in at least four years (FY1999, FY2003, FY2005, and FY2007) no budget resolution was ultimately adopted. This resolution also gives to each committee of the House an \"allocation\" of \"new budget authority\". This allocation is important in the consideration of legislation on the floor of the House. If a bill comes to the floor to be considered and it causes an increase in spending above this allocation, it is subject to a point of order (under 302(f) of the Congressional Budget Act). This is true for discretionary spending (spending that is provided to the Federal Government each year) and mandatory spending (spending such as entitlements where a beneficiary class is defined and a benefit is provided). If an entitlement is expanded and it has not been budgeted for in the budget resolution, it is subject to a point of order on the floor and, if not waived, will prevent it from being called up for consideration (if a Member of Congress stands before the body and makes the point of order). In general, legislation is cleared of such problems prior to consideration through discussions between the House Parliamentarian, the House Leadership, and the House Budget Committee. The committee holds hearings on federal budget legislation and congressional resolutions related to the federal budget process. The committee holds hearings on the president's annual budget request to Congress and drafts the annual Congressional Budget Resolution, which sets overall spending guidelines for Congress as it develops the annual federal appropriations bills. The committee also reviews supplemental budget requests submitted by the president, which cover items which for one reason or another were not included in the original budget request, usually for emergency spending. Recently, emergency budget supplementals have been used to request funding for the wars in Iraq and Afghanistan as well as for disaster recovery after Hurricanes Katrina and Rita. The committee may amend, approve, or table budget-related bills. It also has the power to enforce established federal budget rules, hold budget-related investigations, and subpoena witnesses. Additionally, the committee has oversight of the Congressional Budget Office. Rules of the committee", "title": "United States House Committee on the Budget" }, { "docid": "465643", "text": "The Committee on Ways and Means is the chief tax-writing committee of the United States House of Representatives. The committee has jurisdiction over all taxation, tariffs, and other revenue-raising measures, as well as a number of other programs including Social Security, unemployment benefits, Medicare, the enforcement of child support laws, Temporary Assistance for Needy Families, foster care, and adoption programs. Members of the Ways and Means Committee are not allowed to serve on any other House Committee unless they are granted a waiver from their party's congressional leadership. It has long been regarded as the most prestigious committee of the House of Representatives. The United States Constitution requires that all bills regarding taxation must originate in the U.S. House of Representatives, and House rules dictate that all bills regarding taxation must pass through Ways and Means. This system imparts upon the committee and its members a significant degree of influence over other representatives, committees, and public policy. Its Senate counterpart is the U.S. Senate Committee on Finance. In the 118th Congress, the committee's chair is Jason T. Smith. Recent chairmen have included Bill Thomas, Charlie Rangel, Sander Levin, Dave Camp, Paul Ryan, Kevin Brady, and Richard Neal. History The Ways and Means Committee was first established during the first Congress, in 1789. However, this initial version was disbanded after only 8 weeks; for the next several years, only ad hoc committees were formed, to write up laws on notions already debated in the whole House. It was first established as a standing committee by resolution adopted December 21, 1795, and first appeared among the list of regular standing committees on January 7, 1802. Upon its original creation, it held power over both taxes and spending, until the spending power was given to the new Appropriations Committee in 1865. During the Civil War the key policy-maker in Congress was Thaddeus Stevens, as chairman of the committee and Republican floor leader. He took charge of major legislation that funded the war effort and permanently transformed the nation's economic policies regarding tariffs, bonds, income and excise taxes, national banks, suppression of money issued by state banks, greenback currency, and western railroad land grants. Stevens was one of the major policymakers regarding Reconstruction, and obtained a House vote of impeachment against President Andrew Johnson (who was acquitted by the Senate in 1868). Hans L. Trefousse, his leading biographer, concludes that Stevens \"was one of the most influential representatives ever to serve in Congress. [He dominated] the House with his wit, knowledge of parliamentary law, and sheer willpower, even though he was often unable to prevail.\" Historiographical views of Stevens have dramatically shifted over the years, from the early 20th-century view of Stevens and the Radical Republicans as tools of enormous business and motivated by hatred of the white South, to the perspective of the neoabolitionists of the 1950s and afterwards, who applauded their efforts to give equal rights to the freed slaves. Three future presidents – James Polk, Millard Fillmore, and William McKinley –", "title": "United States House Committee on Ways and Means" }, { "docid": "59936536", "text": "The Energy Innovation and Carbon Dividend Act of 2019 (H.R. 763) is a bill in the United States House of Representatives that proposes a fee on carbon at the point of extraction to encourage market-driven innovation of clean energy technologies to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. The fees are recycled to citizens in monthly dividends. The act was originally introduced in 2018 with bipartisan support from six co-sponsors and died when the 115th congress ended on 3 January 2019. It is principally based on Citizens' Climate Lobby's carbon fee and dividend proposal, and this organization advocates for the bill. On 24 January 2019, the bill was introduced into the house by Representative Ted Deutch on behalf of himself and six other original cosponsors. The bill obtained 86 cosponsors but was not voted on. On April 1, 2021, the bill was reintroduced in the 117th Congress as H.R. 2307, the Energy Innovation and Carbon Dividend Act of 2021. On September 27, 2023, the bill was reintroduced in the 118th Congress as H. R. 5744, the Energy Innovation and Carbon Dividend Act of 2023. 2018 bill The Energy Innovation and Carbon Dividend Act of 2018 was a proposed 2018 bill that intended to \"create a Carbon Dividend Trust Fund for the American people in order to encourage market-driven innovation of clean energy technologies and market efficiencies which will reduce harmful pollution and leave a healthier, more stable, and more prosperous nation for future generations.\" The bill was originally introduced by Representative Ted Deutch (D-FL) on November 27, 2018, with bipartisan support from 4 co-sponsors. A companion bill was introduced into the Senate by Chris Coons (D-DE) and Jeff Flake (R-AZ) on December 19, 2018. The bill died when the 115th Congress ended on January 3, 2019. The bill was reintroduced in the 116th Congress as the Energy Innovation and Carbon Dividend Act of 2019. Description of the bill The 2018 bill was intended to: Introduce a rising upstream fee on the carbon content of fuels. Rebate fee revenues with an equal share to adults with a Social Security number or Taxpayer Identification Number, and a half-share for all minors younger than 19 per household Introduce a border carbon adjustment Adjust some regulations which would be duplicative, keep others including CAFE vehicle standards If passed, the 2019 bill would amend the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 to: Introduce a carbon tax at the point of extraction, beginning at $15 per metric ton of CO₂-e (carbon dioxide equivalent) and increasing each year by $10 (adjusted by inflation) or more, depending on its effectiveness, with exemptions for fuel used for military and farm purposes and fluorinated gases, rebate revenue with an equal share to adults with a Social Security number or Taxpayer Identification Number, and a half-share for all minors and adults younger than 19 per household, and introduce a border carbon adjustment on imported carbon-intensive products to discourage companies moving abroad. It would also make adjustments to the Clean Air Act to limit the Environmental", "title": "Energy Innovation and Carbon Dividend Act of 2019" }, { "docid": "75015713", "text": "In the House of Representatives, a blue slip is a rejection slip given to tax and spending bills sent to it by the Senate that did not originate in the House, according to the House's interpretation of the Origination Clause of the Constitution of the United States. Overview The Origination Clause of the United States Constitution (Article I, Section 7, Clause 1) provides that the House of Representatives has exclusive authority to introduce bills raising revenue: \"All bills for raising Revenue shall originate in the House of Representatives.\" As such, the House considers itself to be the only proper venue to originate any bills appropriating revenue. When, in the opinion of the House of Representatives, a Senate-introduced bill that raises revenue or appropriates money is passed by the Senate and sent to the House for its consideration, the House places a blue slip on the legislation that notes the House's constitutional prerogative and returns it to the Senate without taking further action. This blue-slipping procedure, done by an order of the House, is routinely completed to enforce its interpretation that the House is the sole body to introduce revenue or appropriations legislation. The failure of the House to consider the legislation means it cannot become a law. This tactic is historically of great use to the House and, as a practical matter, the Senate does not introduce tax or revenue measures in order to avoid a blue slip. The Senate can circumvent this requirement by substituting the text of any bill previously passed by the House with the text of a revenue bill. References Terminology of the United States Congress Parliamentary procedure", "title": "Blue slip (U.S. House of Representatives)" }, { "docid": "33803463", "text": "United States v. Munoz-Flores, 495 U.S. 385 (1990), was a United States Supreme Court case that interpreted the Origination Clause of the United States Constitution. The Court was asked to rule on whether a statute that imposed mandatory monetary penalties on persons convicted of federal misdemeanors was enacted in violation of that clause, as the lower court had held. Background In June 1985, German Munoz-Flores was charged with and pleaded guilty to aiding the illegal entry of aliens into the United States. Both misdemeanor counts were for aiding and abetting aliens to elude examination and inspection by immigration officers. A provision of the federal criminal codes requires courts to impose a \"special assessment\" monetary penalty on any person convicted of a federal misdemeanor. The money accrued from the special assessments is given to the Crime Victims Fund, which was established by the Victims of Crime Act of 1984. The fund uses the money for programs to both compensate and assist victims of federal crimes. Munoz-Flores moved to correct his sentence by arguing that the special assessments ($25 per offense in his case) were unconstitutional because they violated the Origination Clause of the Constitution. The Ninth Circuit Court of Appeals held in favor of Munoz-Flores. Supreme Court decision The issue at the center of the case was whether the statute requiring the special assessments conflicts with the Constitution. The Origination Clause states, \"All Bills for raising Revenue shall originate in the House of Representatives....\" The Court was tasked with deciding whether the special assessments statute qualified as a \"bill for raising revenue,\" per the Origination Clause. In an opinion by Justice Marshall, the Court relied on precedent to find that the special assessments should not be considered a revenue bill. The Court stated that as a general rule, a statute that establishes a federal program and raises revenue to support that program does not violate the Constitution. The Court differentiated that type of revenue from a statute raising revenue to support government generally. Justice Marshall wrote, \"Although the House certainly can refuse to pass a bill because it violates the Origination Clause, the ability does not absolve this Court of its responsibility to consider constitutional challenges to congressional enactments.\" He continued, \"A law passed in violation of the Origination Clause would thus be no more immune from judicial scrutiny because it was passed by both houses and signed by the President than would a law passed in violation of the First Amendment.\" Thus, the Court made it clear that despite the finding that the special assessment was not a revenue bill, even if it had been a revenue bill and then had subsequently been passed by both houses, it would still be subject to judicial review of its legality. Justice Stevens's concurrence Justice Stevens filed a concurring opinion in the case in which he argued that a bill can originate unconstitutionally but still become an enforceable law if it is passed by both houses of Congress and signed by the President.", "title": "United States v. Munoz-Flores" }, { "docid": "42176345", "text": "The Faithful Execution of the Law Act of 2014 () was an unsuccessful bill that would have directed the United States Department of Justice to report to the United States Congress whenever any federal agency refrains from enforcing laws or regulations for any reason. In the report, the government would have to explain why it had decided not to enforce that law. The bill was introduced in the United States House of Representatives during the 113th United States Congress. Provisions of the bill This summary is based largely on the summary provided by the Congressional Research Service, a public domain source. The Faithful Execution of the Law Act of 2014 would expand the circumstances under which the Attorney General is required to report to Congress regarding the enforcement of laws to include any instance in which the Attorney General, an officer of the United States Department of Justice (DOJ), or any other federal officer establishes or implements a policy to refrain from: (1) enforcing, applying, or administering any federal statute, rule, regulation, program, policy, or other law within the responsibility of the Attorney General or such officer; or (2) adhering to, enforcing, applying, or complying with, a final decision of any court of jurisdiction respecting the application of the Constitution, any statute, rule, regulation, program, policy, or other law within the responsibility of the Attorney General or such officer. (Currently, reports are not required with respect to the policies of other federal officers and reports concerning nonenforcement of a law are required only when the Attorney General or a DOJ officer refrains on grounds that the provision is unconstitutional.) The bill would require such reports to state the grounds for policies of nonenforcement. Congressional Budget Office report This summary is based largely on the summary provided by the Congressional Budget Office, as ordered reported by the House Committee on the Judiciary on March 5, 2014. This is a public domain source. The Congressional Budget Office (CBO) estimates that implementing H.R. 3973 would have no significant cost to the federal government. Enacting the bill would not affect direct spending or revenues; therefore, pay-as-you-go procedures do not apply. Current law requires the United States Department of Justice (DOJ) to submit a report to the Congress if it refrains from enforcing or administering federal laws or regulations because it deems them unconstitutional. H.R. 3973 would direct DOJ to report to the Congress whenever any federal agency refrains from enforcing laws or regulations for any reason. Based on the costs of similar activities currently carried out by DOJ, CBO estimates that implementing the bill would not have a significant effect on the budget because such reporting costs are small and subject to the availability of appropriated funds. H.R. 3973 contains no intergovernmental or private-sector mandates as defined in the Unfunded Mandates Reform Act and would impose no costs on state, local, or tribal governments. Procedural history The Faithful Execution of the Law Act of 2014 was introduced into the United States House of Representatives", "title": "Faithful Execution of the Law Act of 2014" }, { "docid": "42121866", "text": "The 2015 United States federal budget was the federal budget for fiscal year 2015, which runs from October 1, 2014 to September 30, 2015. The budget takes the form of a budget resolution which must be agreed to by both the United States House of Representatives and the United States Senate in order to become final, but never receives the signature or veto of the President of the United States and does not become law. Until both the House and the Senate pass the same concurrent resolution, no final budget exists. Actual U.S. federal government spending will occur through later appropriations legislation that would be signed into law. The government was initially funded through a series of three temporary continuing resolutions. Final funding for the government with the exception of the Department of Homeland Security was enacted as an omnibus spending bill, the Consolidated and Further Continuing Appropriations Act, 2015, enacted on December 16, 2014. Homeland Security was funded through an additional two continuing resolutions, and its final funding was enacted on March 4, 2015 as the Department of Homeland Security Appropriations Act, 2015. Overview According to the Congressional Research Service, the federal budget is \"a compilation of numbers about the revenues, spending, and borrowing and debt of the government. Revenues come largely from taxes, but stem from other sources as well (such as duties, fines, licenses, and gifts). Spending involves such concepts as budget authority, obligations, outlays, and offsetting collections.\" The process of creating a federal budget often publicly begins with the President's budget proposal, a spending request submitted to the U.S. Congress which recommends funding levels for the next fiscal year. The fiscal year in the United States is the 12-month period beginning on October 1 and ending on September 30 of the next calendar year. Current federal budget law ((a)) requires that the President submit his or her budget request between the first Monday in January and the first Monday in February. In recent times, the President's budget submission has been issued in the first week of February. Congress can, and often does, work on its own proposals independently of the President. The congressional budget resolutions are under the jurisdiction of the United States House Committee on the Budget and the United States Senate Committee on the Budget. Traditionally, after both houses pass a budget resolution, selected representatives and senators negotiate a conference report to reconcile differences between the House and the Senate versions. The conference report, in order to become binding, must be approved by both the House and Senate. Because the budget resolution is a concurrent resolution, it is not signed by the President and \"does not have statutory effect; no money can be raised or spent pursuant to it\". The budget does not determine the actual spending of the federal government. Instead, the budget establishes the amounts that appropriations subcommittees are allocated to spend (called 302(b) allocations) on the various agencies, departments, and programs within the purview of each. The twelve regular appropriations bills", "title": "2015 United States federal budget" }, { "docid": "39842054", "text": "H.R. 2289, the full title of which is To rename section 219(c) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 as the Kay Bailey Hutchison Spousal IRA () is a bill that was introduced in the United States House of Representatives during the 113th United States Congress. If passed, the bill would rename one section of the Internal Revenue Code after former U.S. Senator Kay Bailey Hutchison. Background Kay Bailey Hutchison served as a senator from Texas from June 14, 1993, to January 3, 2013. During that time, she was heavily involved in changing the tax code so that married women working from home could open IRA savings accounts. She considered this one of the accomplishments in Congress that she was the most proud of. Provisions/Elements of the bill This summary is based largely on the summary provided by the Congressional Research Service, a public domain source. This bill would amend the Internal Revenue Code to rename the section heading of Internal Revenue Code provisions relating to the individual retirement accounts (IRAs) of married individuals as the Kay Bailey Hutchison Spousal IRA. Procedural history H.R. 2289 was introduced into the House on June 6, 2013, by Rep. Sam Johnson (R-TX). It was referred to the United States House Committee on Ways and Means. On June 25, 2013, the House agreed by voice vote to pass the bill. It was sent to the United States Senate and referred to the United States Senate Committee on Finance. See also List of bills in the 113th United States Congress Kay Bailey Hutchison Internal Revenue Code Notes/References External links Library of Congress - Thomas H.R. 2289 beta.congress.gov H.R. 2289 GovTrack.us H.R. 2289 OpenCongress.org H.R. 2289 House Republicans' Legislative Digest on H.R. 2289 Acts of the 113th United States Congress", "title": "H.R. 2289 (113th Congress)" }, { "docid": "56766148", "text": "League of Cities of the Philippines v. COMELEC is a landmark decision of the Supreme Court of the Philippines about the validity of the cityhood laws of 16 municipalities in the Philippines. The case clarifies the requirements for the conversion of a municipality into a component city. The court in its final decision ruled that the cityhood laws of the 16 municipalities in the Philippines are constitutional. Background and history In the 11th Congress, 57 bills seeking the conversion of municipalities into component cities were filed before the House of Representatives. However, Congress did not act on the 24 out of the 57 municipalities. In the 12th Congress, Republic Act No. 9009 was enacted revising the Local Government Code (LGC) by increasing the income requirement to qualify for conversion into a city from ₱20 million annual income to ₱100 million locally generated income. In the thirteenth Congress, 16 of the 24 municipalities filed their cityhood bills. Each of the cityhood bills contained a common provision exempting the particular municipality from the ₱100 million income requirement imposed by RA No. 9009. These cityhood bills lapsed into law on various dates after President Gloria Macapagal Arroyo did not sign them. Petitioners filed to declare the Cityhood Laws unconstitutional for violation of Section 10, Article X of the 1987 Constitution, as well as for violation of the equal protection clause. Petitioners also pointed out that the wholesale conversion of municipalities into cities will reduce the share of existing cities in the Internal Revenue Allotment (IRA) because more cities will share the same amount of internal revenue set aside for all cities under Section 285 of the Local Government Code. The municipalities involved were called as \"League of 16\". They were: RA # 9389 (Baybay in Leyte) RA # 9390 (Bogo in Cebu) RA # 9391 (Catbalogan in Samar) RA # 9392 (Tandag in Surigao del Sur) RA # 9393 (Lamitan in Basilan) RA # 9394 (Borongan in Eastern Samar) RA # 9398 (Tayabas in Quezon) RA # 9404 (Tabuk in Kalinga) RA # 9405 (Bayugan in Agusan del Sur) RA # 9407 (Batac in Ilocos Norte) RA # 9408 (Mati in Davao Oriental) RA # 9409 (Guihulngan in Negros Oriental) RA # 9434 (Cabadbaran in Agusan del Norte) RA # 9435 (El Salvador in Misamis Oriental) RA # 9436 (Carcar in Cebu) RA # 9491 (Naga in Cebu) Decision On November 8, 2008, the Court, by a vote of 6–5, held that the exemptions in the Cityhood Laws were unconstitutional because Sec. 10, Art. X of the Constitution requires that such exemption must be written into the LGC and not into any other laws. The Court stated that the Cityhood Laws violate sec. 6, Art. X of the Constitution for they prevent a fair and just distribution of the national taxes to local government units. It further held that the criteria, as prescribed in the LGC, must be strictly followed because such criteria are material in determining the “just share” of local government", "title": "League of Cities of the Philippines v. COMELEC" }, { "docid": "3066079", "text": "The House Calendar is a calendar in the United States House of Representatives that schedules major bills which do not involve raising revenue or public expenditure of funds. The calendar can also be defined as a list of all bills reported from committee and eligible for floor action, except bills pertaining to taxation and spending. Union Calendar The Union Calendar is a separate calendar in the United States House of Representatives that schedules bills involving money issues. It arose from the requirement in Article One of the United States Constitution that all revenue bills originate in the House of Representatives. To meet that requirement, Rule XIII, clause 1(a) of the House Rules establishes A Calendar of the Committee of the Whole House on the state of the Union, to which shall be referred public bills and public resolutions raising revenue, involving a tax or charge on the people, directly or indirectly making appropriations of money or property or requiring such appropriations to be made, authorizing payments out of appropriations already made, releasing any liability to the United States for money or property, or referring a claim to the Court of Claims. The majority of modern bills that are reported will contain provisions for public expenditures of funds. Therefore, more bills reported by House committees are placed on the Union Calendar and committed to the Committee of the Whole than are placed on other calendars. References See also Reconciliation (United States Congress) Committee of the Whole (United States House of Representatives) Resolution (law) Calendar", "title": "United States House of Representatives Calendar" }, { "docid": "2573064", "text": "The Presentment Clause (Article I, Section 7, Clauses 2 and 3) of the United States Constitution outlines federal legislative procedure by which bills originating in Congress become federal law in the United States. Text The Presentment Clause, which is contained in Article I, Section 7, Clauses 2 and 3, provides: Summary A bill must be passed in identical form by both the House of Representatives and the Senate. It is common practice for each House to pass its own version of a bill, and then to refer the two versions to a conference committee, which resolves disagreements between the two versions, and drafts a compromise bill; the compromise bill can then be voted upon and passed by both Houses in identical form. After a bill passes both Houses, it must be presented to the President for his approval. If the President approves the bill and signs it, then the bill becomes law. If the President disapproves the bill and vetoes it, then he must return the bill, along with a veto message (his objections), back to the House in which the bill was created. A two-thirds majority of both Houses may override the veto, and the bill will become law without the President's signature. In overriding a veto, the votes of both houses must be done by yeas and nays, and the names of the persons voting for and against the bill must be recorded. If, while the Congress is in session, the President does not sign a bill or veto it within 10 days (not counting Sundays) after its presentment, then it automatically becomes law. If a bill is presented on a Monday or Tuesday, the President has 11 real days; otherwise he has 12. If, while Congress is not in session (adjourned), the President does not sign a bill or veto it within 10 days (not counting Sundays) after its presentment, then it fails to become law. This \"pocket veto\"—so called because the President is then said to have put the bill in his pocket and forgotten about it—cannot be overridden by Congress, but once Congress reconvenes it can pass the same bill again. In addition, Congressional \"pro forma\" sessions may be used to prevent pocket vetoes. Veto issues Line-item veto The Supreme Court decision in Clinton v. City of New York, 524 U.S. 417 (1998), struck down as unconstitutional the Line Item Veto Act of 1996, holding that the line-item veto violated the Presentment Clause. Legislative veto The Supreme Court also found the legislative veto unconstitutional in Immigration and Naturalization Service v. Chadha, 462 U.S. 919 (1983), as violating the Presentment Clause and bicameralism. Exclusion of Sundays The ten-day period for the presidential review of legislation excludes Sundays. Some scholars believe this exclusion was not for religious reasons, but intended to support a deliberative process in which the President would consult and seek advice regarding the merits of the proposed law. For instance, Jaynie Randall has stated that because the blue laws of various states restricted travel", "title": "Presentment Clause" }, { "docid": "42446891", "text": "The Government Reports Elimination Act of 2014 () is a bill that eliminates 18 specific reports that various federal agencies are required to give to Congress and an additional 85 reports that they are required to prepare (not specifically for Congress). The bill was introduced during the 113th United States Congress. Provisions of the bill The bill eliminates a variety of reports that federal agencies are required to prepare for Congress or the general public. An example of an eliminated report includes \"annual summaries of airport financial reports.\" Another example is a report \"on the waiver of certain sanctions against North Korea.\" Congressional Budget Office report This summary is based largely on the summary provided by the Congressional Budget Office, as ordered reported by the House Committee on Oversight and Government Reform on March 12, 2014, with a subsequent amendment in the nature of a substitute provided on April 21, 2014. This is a public domain source. H.R. 4194 eliminates requirements for 18 federal entities to prepare specific reports for the Congress. Based on information from the Office of Management and Budget and some affected agencies, the Congressional Budget Office (CBO) estimates that implementing the bill would reduce costs that are subject to appropriation by about $1 million over the next five years. Enacting H.R. 4194 would not affect direct spending or revenues; therefore, pay-as-you-go procedures do not apply. H.R. 4194 eliminates the requirement to prepare 85 reports that are produced by numerous federal agencies, including: the Departments of Agriculture, Commerce, Defense, Education, Energy, Homeland Security, Housing and Urban Development, Interior, Labor, State, Transportation, Treasury, and Veterans Affairs, and the Corporation for National and Community Service, the Environmental Protection Agency, the Executive Office of the President, the Government Accountability Office, and the Office of the Director of National Intelligence. By reducing the number of reports that must be prepared and printed, implementing H.R. 4194 would reduce the administrative costs of those agencies. The bill contains no intergovernmental or private-sector mandates as defined in the Unfunded Mandates Reform Act and imposes no costs on state, local or tribal governments. Procedural history The Government Reports Elimination Act of 2014 was introduced into the United States House of Representatives on March 11, 2014, by Rep. Darrell E. Issa (R, CA-49). The bill was referred to the United States House Committee on Oversight and Government Reform. On April 28, 2014, the bill was passed in the House in a voice vote. Debate and discussion Rep. Issa (R-CA) argued in favor of the bill, calling it a \"bipartisan reform that will save taxpayers money and streamline the government reports process.\" Issa argued that \"Congress relies on accurate, timely reports to inform its spending and policy decisions, but outdated or duplicative reports are simply a waste of government resources.\" Rep. Gerry Connolly (D-VA) co-sponsored the bill. He argued that \"in today's challenging fiscal environment, it is incumbent that we leverage every opportunity to streamline or eliminate antiquated agency reporting requirements that are duplicative, irrelevant or simply", "title": "Government Reports Elimination Act of 2014" }, { "docid": "39947928", "text": "(long title: To amend title 49, United States Code, to modify requirements relating to the availability of pipeline safety regulatory documents, and for other purposes) is a bill that was introduced in the United States House of Representatives during the 113th United States Congress. The bill \"would amend U.S. law dealing with protecting intellectual property rights for standards-setting groups relating to pipeline safety.\" Background On January 3, 2012, Congress passed the Pipeline Safety, Regulatory Certainty, and Job Creation Act of 2011 (112-90, ). One provision of this law \"required that all technological standards incorporated by reference in guidelines and regulation to be available free of charge on the internet.\" The technology standards in question related to pipeline safety. Many of these technical standards are created by Standards Development Organizations (SDOs). The law mandated that if any of the standards created by these organizations were used or referenced in the Pipeline and Hazardous Materials Safety Administration's guidelines or regulations, the standards had to be put on the internet and available for free. This created a conflict by requiring these SDOs to give up trade secrets and lose revenue from selling their standards. This in turn might have prevented them from continuing to update and develop new standards. Provisions/Elements of the bill H.R. 2576 makes three main changes to the Pipeline Safety, Regulatory Certainty, and Job Creation Act of 2011. First, it extends the deadline from 1 year to 3 years to give the pipeline industry and the Pipeline and Hazardous Materials Safety Administration more time to organize and release these standards in a public manner. Second, it removes the word \"guidance\" from the law, which would reduce the number of documents that must be available online by limiting the law to requiring only the actual standards. Finally, H.R. 2576 would remove the phrase \"on an internet Web site\" from the law, which would allow the industry and the Pipeline and Hazardous Materials Safety Administration to determine an alternate way to still grant access to the standards documents without forcing them to be freely available on the web. Procedural history House H.R. 2576 was introduced into the House by Rep. Jeff Denham (R-CA) on June 28, 2013. It was referred to the United States House Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure, the United States House Transportation Subcommittee on Railroads, Pipelines, and Hazardous Materials, and the United States House Committee on Energy and Commerce. It was reported by the Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure on July 16, 2013 alongside House Report 113-152 part 1. The House voted on July 16, 2013 to pass the bill with a vote of 405-2 (Roll Call Vote 354). Senate H.R. 2576 was received in the United States Senate on July 17, 2013 and referred to the United States Senate Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation. Debate and discussion House Republicans were in favor of the bill. According to their Legislative Digest, the provision, as it stands, \"has the potential to infringe upon the intellectual property rights of Standards", "title": "H.R. 2576 (113th Congress)" }, { "docid": "42680200", "text": "The American Research and Competitiveness Act of 2014 () is a bill that would amend the Internal Revenue Code to modify the calculation method and the rate for the tax credit for qualified research expenses that expired at the end of 2013 and would make that modified credit permanent. The bill was introduced into the United States House of Representatives during the 113th United States Congress. On May 9, 2014, the bill passed the House. It was received by the Senate on May 12, 2014, but as of December 21 it had not been placed on the calendar. In 2015, Congress made permanent the research and development tax credit. Background The Research & Experimentation Tax Credit or the R&D Tax Credit is a general business tax credit for companies that are incurring R&D expenses in the United States. The R&D Tax Credit was originally introduced in the Economic Recovery Tax Act of 1981 sponsored by U.S. Representative Jack Kemp and U.S. Senator William Roth. Since the credit's original expiration date of December 31, 1985, the credit has expired eight times and has been extended fifteen times. The last extension expired on December 31, 2014, and In 2015, Congress made permanent the research and development tax credit in a measure of the government spending bill. Provisions of the bill This summary is based largely on the summary provided by the Congressional Research Service, a public domain source. The American Research and Competitiveness Act of 2014 would amend the Internal Revenue Code to establish a permanent research tax credit that allows for: (1) 20% of the qualified or basic research expenses that exceed 50% of the average qualified or basic research expenses for the 3 preceding taxable years, and (2) 20% of amounts paid to an energy research consortium for energy research. The bill would reduce such credit rate to 10% if a taxpayer has no qualified research expenses in any one of the 3 preceding taxable years. Congressional Budget Office report This summary is based largely on the summary provided by the Congressional Budget Office, as ordered reported by the House Committee on Ways and Means on April 29, 2014. This is a public domain source. H.R. 4438 would amend the Internal Revenue Code to modify the calculation method and the rate for the tax credit for qualified research expenses that expired at the end of 2013. The modified credit would be made permanent. The bill would not extend the traditional calculation method and its associated 20 percent credit. It would, however, make permanent the “alternative simplified method” for calculating the tax credit for qualified research expenses and generally increase the associated credit to 20 percent of those expenses that exceed 50 percent of the average qualified research expenses for the three preceding taxable years. It also makes permanent a tax credit for basic research and energy research and changes the base period for the basic research credit from a fixed period to a three-year rolling average. The staff of the", "title": "American Research and Competitiveness Act of 2014" }, { "docid": "1615034", "text": "The Revenue Act of 1913, also known as the Underwood Tariff or the Underwood-Simmons Act (ch. 16, ), re-established a federal income tax in the United States and substantially lowered tariff rates. The act was sponsored by Representative Oscar Underwood, passed by the 63rd United States Congress, and signed into law by President Woodrow Wilson. Wilson and other members of the Democratic Party had long seen high tariffs as equivalent to unfair taxes on consumers, and tariff reduction was President Wilson's first priority upon taking office. Following the ratification of the Sixteenth Amendment in 1913, Democratic leaders agreed to seek passage of a major bill that would dramatically lower tariffs and implement an income tax. Underwood quickly shepherded the revenue bill through the House of Representatives, but the bill won approval in the United States Senate only after extensive lobbying by the Wilson administration. Wilson signed the bill into law on October 3, 1913. The Revenue Act of 1913 lowered average tariff rates from 40 percent to 26 percent. It also established a one percent tax on income above $3,000 per year; the tax affected approximately three percent of the population. A separate provision established a corporate tax of one percent, superseding a previous tax that had only applied to corporations with net incomes greater than $5,000 per year. Though a Republican-controlled Congress would later raise tariff rates, the Revenue Act of 1913 marked an important shift in federal revenue policy, as government revenue would increasingly rely on income taxes rather than tariff duties. Passage Democrats had long seen high tariff rates as equivalent to unfair taxes on consumers, and tariff reduction was President Wilson's first priority upon taking office. He argued that the system of high tariffs \"cuts us off from our proper part in the commerce of the world, violates the just principles of taxation, and makes the government a facile instrument in the hands of private interests.\" While most Democrats were united behind a decrease in tariff rates, most Republicans held that high tariff rates were useful for protecting domestic manufacturing and factory workers against foreign competition. Shortly before Wilson took office, the Sixteenth Amendment, which had been proposed by Congress in 1909 during a debate over tariff legislation, was ratified by the requisite number of states. Following the ratification of the Sixteenth Amendment, Democratic leaders agreed to attach an income tax provision to their tariff reduction bill, partly to make up for lost revenue, and partly to shift the burden of funding the government towards the high earners that would be subject to the income tax. By late May 1913, House Majority Leader Oscar Underwood had passed a bill in the House that cut the average tariff rate by 10 percent. Underwood's bill, which represented the largest downward revision of the tariff since the Civil War, aggressively cut rates for raw materials, goods deemed to be \"necessities,\" and products produced domestically by trusts, but it retained higher tariff rates for luxury goods. The bill also instituted", "title": "Revenue Act of 1913" }, { "docid": "23630118", "text": "The proposed America's Affordable Health Choices Act of 2009 () was an unsuccessful bill introduced in the U.S. House of Representatives on July 14, 2009. The bill was introduced during the first session of the 111th Congress as part of an effort of the Democratic Party leadership to enact health care reform. The bill was not approved by the House, but was superseded by a similar bill, the proposed Affordable Health Care for America Act (HR 3962), which was passed by the House in November 2009, by a margin of 220-215 votes but later abandoned. A similar bill to HR 3200, called the \"Affordable Health Choices Act\" (HR 1679), was introduced in the Senate on September 17, 2009. It too was unsuccessful as the Senate approved instead another proposal called the \"Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act\". According to the Congressional Budget Office, HR 3200 included tax increases and spending cuts that reduce the net increase in the federal deficit to 1% of 2008 tax revenues. The CBO director subsequently noted that, in terms of total National Health Expenditure, non-governmental spending will increase as coverage expands. The bill was originally sponsored by Representatives John Dingell, Charles Rangel, Henry Waxman, George Miller, Pete Stark, Frank Pallone, and Robert Andrews. The 1017 page PDF version of the bill is the first of three health care reform-related legislative proposals expected from the Democratic congressional leadership. Votes in the U.S. House of Representatives on this bill and on the Medicare for All Act, an alternative that would establish a national, universal single-payer health insurance, were previously expected in September 2009 and again in October 2009, before the actual November 2009 vote took place. Elements of the bill The summary of the bill includes the following elements, among others: Establishes a mandate to purchase private insurance for most individuals with an income above poverty level. Creates a mechanism to enforce the mandate in a sliding scale tax on those who do not purchase health insurance for most legal United States residents with an income above poverty level. Prohibits pre-existing condition exclusions. Requires adjusted community rating, guaranteed issue, and guaranteed renewal of individual and small group health insurance that: limits age rating variation of premiums to 2:1 (200 percent), prohibits gender and health status rating variation of premiums, allows variation of premiums by geographic area and family (vs. individual) enrollment. Prohibits cancellation of coverage except for evidence of fraud. Limits annual out-of-pocket expenses to $5,000 for an individual and $10,000 for a family. Requires Health and Human Services to create a non-subsidized public health insurance plan with pricing based on private industry averages. Three optional levels of coverage are to be offered by the plan which must set premiums at a level sufficient to fully finance the costs of the health benefits the administrative costs related to operating the plan. Establishes a Health Insurance Exchange (HIE) within a proposed Health Choices Administration, to provide a market place for insurers to sell qualifying plans on a public", "title": "America's Affordable Health Choices Act of 2009" }, { "docid": "42336580", "text": "The Baseline Reform Act of 2013 () is a bill that would change the way in which discretionary appropriations for individual accounts are projected in CBO’s baseline. Under H.R. 1871, projections of such spending would still be based on the current year’s appropriations, but would not be adjusted for inflation going forward. Other adjustments to projections of future discretionary spending would also be eliminated. The bill was introduced into the United States House of Representatives during the 113th United States Congress. Background Baseline budgeting Baseline budgeting is an accounting method the United States Federal Government uses to develop a budget for future years. Baseline budgeting uses current spending levels as the \"baseline\" for establishing future funding requirements and assumes future budgets will equal the current budget times the inflation rate times the population growth rate. Twice a year—generally in January and August—CBO prepares baseline projections of federal revenues, outlays, and the surplus or deficit. Those projections are designed to show what would happen if current budgetary policies were continued as is—that is, they serve as a benchmark for assessing possible changes in policy. They are not forecasts of actual budget outcomes, since the Congress will undoubtedly enact legislation that will change revenues and outlays. Similarly, they are not intended to represent the appropriate or desirable levels of federal taxes and spending. Related legislation This bill was introduced at the same time as the Pro-Growth Budgeting Act of 2013 (H.R. 1874; 113th Congress) and the Budget and Accounting Transparency Act of 2014 (H.R. 1872; 113th Congress) as a package of budget reform bills. A similar bill was introduced during the 112th United States Congress and passed the House. Rep. Paul Ryan argued in favor of that bill, saying that \"let's not err on the side of assuming every government agency automatically needs a spending increase one year to the next. If we think they need more money, then we should measure it on an honest basis and then legislate more money for those agencies.\" Provisions of the bill This summary is based largely on the summary provided by the Congressional Research Service, a public domain source. The Baseline Reform Act of 2013 would amend the Balanced Budget and Emergency Deficit Control Act of 1985 (Gramm-Rudman-Hollings Act) to revise the formula for establishing the budget baseline. The bill would revise the annual baseline, for any fiscal year, to mean a projection of current-year levels of new budget authority (as under current law), outlays (as under current law), or receipts (instead of revenues) and the surplus or deficit (as under current law) for the current year, the budget year, and the ensuing nine outyears based on laws enacted through the applicable date. The bill would include estimates for direct spending in the baseline calculation formula for the budget year and each outyear. The bill would revise the formula for calculating the baseline for discretionary spending for the budget year and each outyear to eliminate adjustments for: (1) expiring multiyear subsidized housing contracts; (2)", "title": "Baseline Reform Act of 2013" }, { "docid": "75994046", "text": "The Tax Relief for American Families and Workers Act of 2024 is a tax bill in the 118th United States Congress (H.R. 7024) that would amend portions of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986. The bill was approved by the House of Representatives on January 31, 2024, by a bipartisan vote 357–70. Provisions The Tax Relief for American Families and Workers Act is a $78 billion package that would expand the Child Tax Credit (a tax benefit that provides money to parents), restore business tax breaks, increase federal funding for states to encourage the development of low-income housing, deepen economic ties between the United States and Taiwan and end a pandemic-era employer tax benefit. Key elements of the bill include: Child Tax Credit expansion The bill would increase payments to low-income families who meet a minimum income threshold. It would also increase the $2,000-per-child maximum credit to keep up with inflation and would let families choose when calculating the size of the credit between their current year's income or the previous year's. This provision also would increase the maximum refundable credit from: $1,600 per child to $1,800 per child in tax year 2023, $1,700 per child to $1,900 per child in tax year 2024, $1,800 per child to $2,000 per child in tax year 2025. The expansion of the Child Tax Credit is expected to cost around $33.5 billion over three years. Corporate tax breaks The bill aims to restore corporate tax breaks ushered in by the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017 that had either expired or were set to expire in the next years. Among these corporate tax breaks that the bill restores are: Immediate deductions for domestic research costs. Full and immediate deductions for capital expenses (like new factories and equipment). Easing limitations on deducting interest expenses. Raise the threshold for businesses to report payments to some contractors and subcontractors. Reinstating the tax benefits for businesses is projected to cost $32.8 billion over a decade. Affordable housing The legislation would authorize a 12.5% increase for the federal Low-Income Housing Tax Credit. This federal credit originally meant to subsidize up to 70 percent of construction of low-income housing units, and it is generally reserved for the development of new properties that do not use other federal subsidies. To support affordable housing, the bill lowers the proportion of a building that must be financed by municipal bonds to qualify for the credit from 50 percent to 30 percent for its developer. The measures are estimated to cost $6.2 billion over 10 years. Taiwan tax modifications The legislation would end double taxation between the United States and Taiwan by amending portions of the tax code to align the tax treatment of income from U.S. sources that is earned or received by qualified residents of Taiwan with the treatment that is typically offered by the United States under bilateral tax treaties. These provisions would take effect only after Taiwan provides comparable tax relief for income from Taiwanese sources that is", "title": "Tax Relief for American Families and Workers Act" }, { "docid": "2103081", "text": "The West Virginia House of Delegates is the lower house of the West Virginia Legislature. Only three states—Maryland, Virginia and West Virginia—refer to their lower house as the House of Delegates. Organization Regular sessions begin with an organizational day on the second Wednesday of January of each year. The length of regular session is limited to 60 calendar days. The governor can call for special sessions. Delegates are elected for terms of two years. Legislative process Delegates submit bill proposals to the Office of Legislative Services or legislative staff counsel, who draft the bill. Once the bill draft is approved by the delegate, it is submitted for introduction. Bills then undergo committee review and three readings in the house of origin and then the other house of the state legislature. An unusual feature of the West Virginia legislative process is that revenue bills can originate in either house. The state constitution also prohibits multiple subjects in a single bill. If approved by both the West Virginia House of Delegates and the West Virginia Senate, bills are submitted to the governor, who may sign them into law or veto them. State legislators can override the governor's veto of bills with a simple majority vote of both houses, unless the bill is a revenue bill, in which case two-thirds of the members elected to each house are required to override the governor's veto or line-item veto. Membership Historical District organization Prior to the 1970 Census, districts always respected county lines, with districts always consisting of either a single entire county, or several entire counties. Beginning with that year, the state began to use smaller geographic areas. In response to the 2010 Census, the Legislature was required to redistrict, with the Democratic Party in control. The Republican Party, and groups from the growing eastern panhandle and Putnam County were among those calling for 100 single member districts. Eventually redistricting was adopted, which divided the state into 67 districts, of which 47 were one-member districts, 11 two-member districts, 6 three-member districts, 2 four-member districts, and 1 five-member district. The five-member district, covering most of Monongalia County, remained among the ten largest multi-member lower house districts in the country. In response to the 2020 Census, the Legislature was again required to redistrict, this time with the Republican Party in control. The Legislature abandoned the practice of multi-member districts and divided the state into 100 single member districts. Each district contains about 1/100th of the state's population, or about 17,500 persons. These changes took effect with the 2022 election. Speaker The Speaker of the House is selected by its members. In contrast to the tradition of the Speaker of the United States House of Representatives, the Speaker must vote unless excused. The House rules state that in some cases, the speaker is not required to vote unless the House is equally divided, or unless the speaker's vote, if given to the minority, will make the division equal. In the latter case, the question is lost. Members", "title": "West Virginia House of Delegates" }, { "docid": "13258686", "text": "The Family Education Freedom Act is a bill initially introduced in the United States House of Representatives by Representative Ron Paul (R-TX) in 1998. It would allow tax credits for education expenses. On February 15, 2007, Rep. Paul introduced the Act again in the House, this time with an initial three co-sponsors, Tom Feeney (R-FL), Bobby Rush (D-IL), and Jim Sensenbrenner (R-WI). The bill was designated H.R. 1056 and was referred to the Ways and Means Committee. The bill has since gained three more co-sponsors, Roscoe Bartlett (R-MD), Patrick McHenry (R-NC), and Jeff Miller (R-FL). Summary of bill The bill says that it will \"amend the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 to allow individuals a credit against income tax for tuition and related expenses for public and nonpublic elementary and secondary education.\" The tax credit was originally $3,000 in past versions of the bill, and in 2007 the proposed tax credit was increased to $5,000 per child in school. While the tax credit could be used to pay private school tuition, it could also be used for any school-related expenses for those whose children attend public school or donate to extracurricular activities or for those whose child attends home school. Qualified expenses would include tuition or fees, a personal computer, books, supplies, or transportation. History Paul noted when introducing the bill originally that the state of Arizona had introduced similar tax credits, and the state found that it had increased resources available for education as a result. He said, \"The Arizona experience is further proof that putting control of education resources into the hands of the American people through education tax credits is the best way to improve education. Tax credits allow parents and other concerned citizens to devote more of their resources to education, and allow the American people to work with educators to ensure that all children have the opportunity to receive a quality education that suits each child's unique needs.\" The bill has been introduced in what Congressman Paul has described as the \"Education Freedom Package,\" along with the Education Improvement Tax Cut Act, which would allow a $3,000 credit for donations to schools or scholarship programs, and the Teacher Tax Cut Act, which would allow a $1,000 tax deduction to be taken by all teachers. The bill has been referred to as \"pro-homeschool,\" and the Home School Legal Defense Association has \"strongly lobbied\" for and endorsed the bill in 2003, 2001 and as far back as 1997. In 1999, the Minnesota Libertarian Party announced plans to pass a Minnesota version of the bill as part of an announced legislative agenda. As part of his 2008 presidential campaign, Paul said that if elected President, he would pass the Family Education Freedom Act. Past versions Paul introduced this bill in other versions in other sessions of Congress. 105th Congress: H.R. 1816 106th Congress: H.R. 935 107th Congress: H.R. 368 (2001) Introduced January 31, 2001 This version was co-sponsored by Bartlett, Charlie Norwood (R-GA), and Bob Schaffer (R-CO). 108th", "title": "Family Education Freedom Act" }, { "docid": "1607691", "text": "Budget reconciliation is a special parliamentary procedure of the United States Congress set up to expedite the passage of certain federal budget legislation in the Senate. The procedure overrides the Senate's filibuster rules, which may otherwise require a 60-vote supermajority for passage. Bills described as reconciliation bills can pass the Senate by a simple majority of 51 votes or 50 votes plus the vice president's as the tie-breaker. The reconciliation procedure also applies to the House of Representatives, but it has minor significance there, as the rules of the House of Representatives do not have a de facto supermajority requirement. Because of greater polarization, gridlock, and filibustering in the Senate in recent years, budget reconciliation has come to play an important role in how the United States Congress legislates. Budget reconciliation bills can deal with spending, revenue, and the federal debt limit, and the Senate can pass one bill per year affecting each subject. Congress can thus pass a maximum of three reconciliation bills per year, though in practice it has often passed a single reconciliation bill affecting both spending and revenue. Policy changes that are extraneous to the budget are limited by the \"Byrd Rule\", which also prohibits reconciliation bills from increasing the federal deficit after a ten-year period or making changes to Social Security. In April 2021, the Senate Parliamentarian—an in-house rules expert—determined that the Senate can pass two budget reconciliation bills in 2021: one focused on fiscal year 2021 and one focused on fiscal year 2022. In addition, the Senate can pass additional budget reconciliation bills by describing them as a revised budget resolution that contains budget reconciliation instructions. However, the Parliamentarian later clarified that the “auto-discharge” rule that allows a budget resolution to bypass a Budget Committee vote and be brought directly to the Senate floor does not apply to a revised budget resolution. As a result of this ruling, a revised budget resolution would need to be approved by a majority vote of the Budget Committee before proceeding to the Senate floor, or deadlocked with a tied vote and then brought to the Senate floor via a motion to discharge. In a 50-50 Senate where committees are evenly divided between parties, this has the functional effect of requiring at least one member of the minority party on the Budget Committee to be present in order to provide a quorum for a vote. Considering the partisan nature of reconciliation legislation, it is highly unlikely that a member of the minority party will cooperate with the majority by providing a quorum on the Committee, thus practically limiting the majority of a 50-50 tied Senate to one reconciliation bill per fiscal year. The reconciliation process was created by the Congressional Budget Act of 1974 and was first used in 1980. Bills passed using the reconciliation process include the Consolidated Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act of 1985, the Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity Act of 1996, the Economic Growth and Tax Relief Reconciliation Act of 2001, the Health Care and", "title": "Reconciliation (United States Congress)" }, { "docid": "57766685", "text": "The Tax Reform for Acceleration and Inclusion Law (TRAIN Law), officially designated as Republic Act No. 10963, is the initial package of the Comprehensive Tax Reform Program (CTRP) signed into law by President Rodrigo Duterte on December 19, 2017. The TRAIN Act is the first of four packages of tax reforms to the National Internal Revenue Code of 1997, or the Tax Code, as amended. This package introduced changes in personal income tax (PIT), estate tax, donor's tax, value added tax (VAT), documentary stamp tax (DST) and the excise tax of tobacco products, petroleum products, mineral products, automobiles, sweetened beverages, and cosmetic procedures. The prominent features of the tax reform are lower personal income tax and higher consumption tax. Individual taxpayers with taxable income not exceeding ₱250,000 annually are exempted from income tax. The exemption for minimum wage earners is retained in the revised tax system. Tax rates for individual taxpayers still follow the progressive tax system with the maximum rate of 35%, and minimum rates of 20% (taxable years 2018 to 2022) and 15% (2023 onwards). On the other hand, consumption taxes, in the form of higher excise tax on tobacco products, petroleum products, automobiles, tobacco, and additional excise tax on sweetened beverages and non-essential, invasive cosmetic procedures were introduced. It also expanded the VAT base by repealing exemption provisions in numerous special laws. The TRAIN Act is aimed to generate revenue to achieve the 2022 and 2040 vision of the Duterte administration, namely, to eradicate extreme poverty, to create inclusive institutions that will offer equal opportunities to all, and to achieve higher income country status. It is also aimed at making the tax system simpler, fairer and more efficient. Regardless, contentions about the passing of this law has been present since the beginning and the subsequent reception by the people since its ratification has been controversial. In the first quarter of 2018, both positive and negative outcomes have been observed. The economy saw an increase in tax revenues, government expenditure and an incremental growth in GDP. On the other hand, unprecedented inflation rates that exceeded projected calculations, has been the cause for much uproar and objections. There have been petitions to suspend and amend the law, so as to safeguard particular sectors from soaring prices. Legislative history House of Representatives House Bill No. 4774 is credited as the original measure that led to the TRAIN Act. It was endorsed by the Department of Finance (DOF) to the Philippine House of Representatives on September 26, 2016 as the first package of a wider CTRP. It was filed before the legislature on January 17, 2017, by Congressman Dakila Cua of Quirino. Cua is also the chairperson of the Ways and Means Committee of the Congress which deals on taxation. After thirteen hearings which was done within the span of four months, the House Bill No. 7890 was consolidated with 54 other tax-related bills to come up with a House Bill 5636, a substitute bill which had \"moderate\" changes from House", "title": "Tax Reform for Acceleration and Inclusion Law" }, { "docid": "21015450", "text": "The District of Columbia and United States Territories quarters were a series of six quarters minted by the United States Mint in 2009 to honor the District of Columbia and the unincorporated United States insular areas of Puerto Rico, Guam, the United States Virgin Islands, American Samoa, and the Northern Mariana Islands. The islands commonly grouped together as the United States Minor Outlying Islands were not featured, as the law defined the word \"territory\" as being limited to the areas mentioned above. They followed the completion of the 50 State Quarters Program. The coins used the same George Washington obverse as with the quarters of the previous 10 years. The reverse of the quarters featured a design selected by the Mint depicting the federal district and each territory. Unlike on the 50 State quarters, the motto \"E Pluribus Unum\" preceded and was the same size as the mint date on the reverse. Legislation Although the statehood program was, by legislation, originally intended to include only the 50 states, legislation (District of Columbia and United States Territories Circulating Quarter Dollar Program Act) was signed into law in late 2007 to include the remaining jurisdictions of the nation. A bill had been introduced five times in the United States Congress to extend the 50 State Quarters program an additional year to include the District of Columbia; the commonwealths of Puerto Rico and the Northern Mariana Islands; and the U.S. territories of Guam, the U.S. Virgin Islands, and American Samoa. During the 106th, 107th, 108th, 109th, and 110th Congresses, these bills had passed through the House of Representatives, and even had 34 Senate sponsors for the Senate bill during the 108th; however, none of these bills were passed by the Senate. , the version in the 109th Congress, passed the House by voice vote in the early hours of December 9, 2006, just before it adjourned sine die; but the Senate adjourned sine die shortly thereafter without considering the bill. The 110th Congress version of the bill, was introduced on January 10, 2007 by the Delegate Eleanor Holmes Norton (D-DC) and was passed by the House of Representatives on January 23, 2007. On December 10, 2007, Puerto Rico-born Rep. José Serrano, D-NY, attached H.R. 392's language to the Omnibus Spending Bill () that the House passed. The bill passed in the Senate on September 6; President George W. Bush signed the bill on December 26. The additional six coins to be minted in 2009 were expected to generate renewed interest in the series, generate over $400 million in additional revenue to the Treasury, and lead many publishers to produce new products to accommodate the additional six coins. H.R. 2764 also moved the \"In God We Trust\" from the edge to the obverse or reverse of the Presidential $1 Coin Program. The 1997 act that authorized the statehood quarter program had originally provided that if the federal district, or any of the territories or commonwealths, became states before 2009, that new state would get", "title": "District of Columbia and United States Territories quarters" }, { "docid": "43300997", "text": "The Permanent Internet Tax Freedom Act () is a bill that would amend the Internet Tax Freedom Act to make permanent the ban on state and local taxation of Internet access and on multiple or discriminatory taxes on electronic commerce. The bill was introduced and passed in the United States House of Representatives during the 113th United States Congress. Background The Internet Tax Freedom Act first became law in 1998 and has had to be reauthorized several times since then. The bill was originally passed to help protect the newly developing technology. Without another renewal or permanent change, the measure would expire on December 31, 2014. Provisions of the bill The Permanent Internet Tax Freedom Act would amend the Internet Tax Freedom Act to make permanent the ban on state and local taxation of Internet access and on multiple or discriminatory taxes on electronic commerce. Congressional Budget Office report H.R. 3086 would make permanent a moratorium on state and local taxes on Internet access and some taxes on electronic commerce. Under current law, the moratorium was set to expire on November 1, 2014. The Congressional Budget Office (CBO) estimated that enacting H.R. 3086 would have no impact on the federal budget, but beginning in 2014, it would impose significant annual costs on some state and local governments. The bill would not affect federal direct spending or revenues; therefore, pay-as-you-go procedures did not apply. By permanently prohibiting state and local government from collecting certain types of taxes, H.R. 3086 would impose an intergovernmental mandate as defined in the Unfunded Mandates Reform Act (UMRA). CBO estimated that the mandate would cause some state and local governments to lose revenue beginning in November 2014; those losses would exceed the threshold established in UMRA for intergovernmental mandates ($76 million in 2014, adjusted annually for inflation) beginning in 2015. CBO estimated that the direct costs to states and local governments would probably total more than several hundred million dollars annually. The bill contains no private-sector mandates as defined in UMRA. Procedural history The Permanent Internet Tax Freedom Act was introduced into the United States House of Representatives on September 12, 2013 by Rep. Bob Goodlatte (R, VA-6). The bill was referred to the United States House Committee on the Judiciary and the United States House Judiciary Subcommittee on Regulatory Reform, Commercial and Antitrust Law. On July 3, 2014, it was reported alongside House Report 113-510. On July 15, 2014, the House voted in a voice vote to pass the bill. A companion bill, the S.431, the Internet Tax Freedom Forever Act, was read in the Senate but not passed. Eventually, the measure was tacked onto the Trade Facilitation and Trade Enforcement Act of 2015, which passed the Senate by a vote of 75 to 20. That Act was signed into law on February 24, 2016. Debate and discussion The bill would end a grandfather clause in the original Internet Tax Freedom Act that allowed states and localities to keep charging an internet sales tax if", "title": "Permanent Internet Tax Freedom Act" }, { "docid": "34988900", "text": "The Oregon and California Railroad Revested Lands (commonly known as O&C Lands), are approximately of land located in eighteen counties of western Oregon. Originally granted to the Oregon & California Railroad to build a railroad between Portland, Oregon and San Francisco, California, the land was reconveyed to the United States government by act of Congress in 1916 and is currently managed by the United States Bureau of Land Management. Since 1916, the 18 counties where the O&C lands are located have received payments from the United States government at 50% share of timber revenue on those lands. Later, as compensation for the loss of timber and tax revenue decreased, the government added federal revenues. The governments of several of the counties have come to depend upon the O&C land revenue as an important source of income for schools and county services. The most recent source of income from the lands was funded through an extension of the Secure Rural Schools and Community Self-Determination Act of 2000 which allocated $110 million to the counties. The act has been renewed each succeeding year at vastly reduced spending levels, most recently for $26 million in 2022. In late 2013, the United States House of Representatives considered a bill that would resume the funding and increase timber harvests to provide additional income to the counties. Origin As part of the U.S. government's desire to foster settlement and economic development in the western states, in July 1866, Congress passed the Oregon and California Railroad Act. This act made of land available for any company that built a railroad from Portland to San Francisco. The land was to be distributed by the state of Oregon in land grants for each mile of track completed. Two companies, both of which named themselves the Oregon Central Railroad, began a competition to build the railroad, one on the west side of the Willamette River and one on the east side. The two lines would eventually merge and reorganize as the Oregon and California Railroad. In 1869, Congress changed how the grants were to be distributed, requiring the railroads to sell land along the line to settlers in parcels at $2.50 per acre. The land was distributed in a checkerboard pattern, with sections laid out for on either side of the rail corridor with the government retaining the alternate sections for future growth. By 1872, the railroad had extended from Portland to Roseburg. Along the way, it created growth in Willamette Valley towns such as Canby, Aurora, and Harrisburg, which emerged as freight and passenger stations, and provided a commercial lifeline to the part of the river valley above Harrisburg where steamships were rarely able to travel. As the railroad made its way into the Umpqua Valley, new townsites such as Drain, Oakland, and Yoncalla were laid out. Land fraud Perhaps the most significant aspect of the railroad was that it provided access to Oregon's vast forests for large-scale logging operations. But despite the large number of grants, it was", "title": "Oregon and California Railroad Revested Lands" }, { "docid": "876232", "text": "Julius Caesar Burrows (January 9, 1837November 16, 1915) was a U.S. Representative and a U.S. Senator from the state of Michigan. Early life and education Burrows was born in North East, Pennsylvania, and moved then with his parents to Ashtabula County, Ohio. He attended district school, Kingsville Academy, and Grand River Institute in Austinburg, Ohio. He studied law and was admitted to the bar at Jefferson, Ohio, in 1859. He moved to Richland, Michigan, in 1860. He was principal of the Richland Seminary and commenced the practice of law in nearby Kalamazoo in 1861. Military and legal careers Burrows raised an infantry company in 1862 to fight in the American Civil War and served as its captain until the fall of 1863. He was elected circuit court commissioner in 1864 and was prosecuting attorney for Kalamazoo County 1866-1870. He declined appointment as supervisor of internal revenue for Michigan and Wisconsin in 1868. Political life In 1872, Burrows was elected as a Republican from Michigan's 4th congressional district to the U.S. House of Representatives for the 43rd Congress, serving from March 4, 1873, to March 3, 1875. He was chairman of the Committee on Expenditures in the Department of the Navy. Burrows was an unsuccessful candidate for reelection in 1874, but was subsequently elected to the 46th and 47th Congresses, serving from March 4, 1879, to March 3, 1883. He was chairman of the Committee on Territories in the 47th Congress. Burrows is sometimes cited as a contributing factor in why New Mexico was delayed in achieving statehood. In an 1876 debate, Burrows, an admired orator, spoke forcefully in favor of a bill intended to protect the civil rights of freed black slaves. Stephen B. Elkins, the New Mexico Territory Delegate to Congress, arrived late, just as Burrows was finishing. Unaware of the full import of Burrows' speech, Elkins shook his colleague's hand in congratulations, a gesture that many southern congressmen interpreted as support for the civil rights legislation. As a result, Elkin's handshake with Burrows is blamed for costing New Mexico several Southern Democratic votes which had been needed to achieve statehood. While Colorado achieved statehood in 1876, New Mexico remained a territory for another 36 years. Burrows was an unsuccessful candidate for reelection in 1882. He won re-election in 1884 to the 49th Congress, and subsequently to the five succeeding Congresses. He represented Michigan's 4th district from March 4, 1885, until March 3, 1893, and the 3rd district from March 4, 1893, until his resignation on January 23, 1895, having been elected U.S. Senator. He was chairman of the Committee on Levees and Improvements of Mississippi River in the 51st Congress. Burrows was elected as a Republican to the United States Senate to fill the vacancy caused by the death of Francis B. Stockbridge and was reelected in 1899 and 1905, serving from January 24, 1895, to March 3, 1911. He was an unsuccessful candidate for renomination in 1910. He was chairman of the Committee on Revision of the", "title": "Julius C. Burrows" }, { "docid": "21491700", "text": "Public Law 110-343 () is a US Act of Congress signed into law by U.S. President George W. Bush, which was designed to mitigate the growing financial crisis of the late-2000s by giving relief to so-called \"Troubled Assets.\" Its formal title is \"An Act To provide authority for the Federal Government to purchase and insure certain types of troubled assets for the purposes of providing stability to and preventing disruption in the economy and financial system and protecting taxpayers, to amend the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 to provide incentives for energy production and conservation, to extend certain expiring provisions, to provide individual income tax relief, and for other purposes.\" The Act created a $700 billion (~$ in ) Troubled Asset Relief Program under the Emergency Economic Stabilization Act of 2008 (division A), and also enacted the Energy Improvement and Extension Act of 2008 (division B), Tax Extenders and Alternative Minimum Tax Relief Act of 2008 (division C), which also included the Paul Wellstone and Pete Domenici Mental Health Parity and Addiction Equity Act of 2008, and the Heartland Disaster Tax Relief Act of 2008. Legislative history The first version of the Emergency Economic Stabilization Act of 2008 (structured as an amendment to ) was rejected by the House of Representatives on September 29, $700 billion (~$ in ). After its defeat, Senate leaders decided to amend an existing bill from the House in order to circumvent the revenue origination clause of U.S. Constitution, and chose H.R. 1424 as the vehicle for the legislation. H.R. 1424 was sponsored by United States House Representative Patrick J. Kennedy. On September 30, 2008, Senate Majority Leader Harry Reid and Minority Leader Mitch McConnell announced the proposed draft had been formalized for the amendment that would transform H.R. 1424 into the Senate version of the Emergency Economic Stabilization Act of 2008. On October 1, 2008, the amendment to H.R. 1424 was approved by a vote of 74 to 25, and the entire amended bill was passed by 74 to 25, (with one not voting, the cancer-stricken Senator Ted Kennedy). The bill was returned to the House for consideration. On October 3, 2008, the bill as passed by the Senate was accepted by a vote of 263 to 171 in the House. Every member of the House voted, though the House had a vacant seat of the recently deceased Stephanie Tubbs Jones of Ohio. President George W. Bush signed the bill into law a few hours later. Divisions Emergency Economic Stabilization Act of 2008 The first title of the act included The Emergency Economic Stabilization Act of 2008 which created the Troubled Asset Relief Program in an effort to bail out firms holding mortgage-backed securities and to restore liquidity to the credit markets. Energy Improvement and Extension Act of 2008 The Energy Improvement and Extension Act of 2008 create a new tax credit for qualified plug-in hybrid electric vehicles \"purchased between January 1, 2009, and December 31, 2014.\" This credit was phased out once 250,000", "title": "Public Law 110-343" }, { "docid": "3667579", "text": "A conference committee is a joint committee of the United States Congress appointed by the House of Representatives and Senate to resolve disagreements on a particular bill. A conference committee is usually composed of senior members of the standing committees of each house that originally considered the legislation. The use of the conference committee process has steadily declined in recent decades. Sixty-seven conference reports were produced as recently as the 104th Congress (1995–96), falling to just three in the 113th Congress (2013–14). Going to conference Conference committees operate after the House and the Senate have passed different versions of a bill. Conference committees exist to draft a compromise bill that both houses can accept. Both houses of Congress must pass identical legislation in order for a bill to be presented to the president. The two houses can reach that point through the process of amendments between Houses, where the House passes the Senate bill with a House amendment, or vice versa, but this process can be cumbersome. Thus, some bills pass both Houses through the use of a conference committee. After one house passes a bill, the second house often passes the same bill, with an amendment representing the second house's work product. The second house then sends a message to the first house, asking the first house to concur with the second house's amendment. If the first house does not like the second house's amendment, then the first house can disagree with the amendment of the second house, request a conference, appoint conferees, and send a message to that effect to the second house. The second house then insists on its amendment, agrees to a conference, and appoints conferees. Each house determines the number of conferees from its house. The number of conferees need not be equal. To conclude its business, a majority of both House and Senate delegations to the conference must indicate their approval by signing the conference report. The authority to appoint conferees lies in the entire House, and the entire Senate appoints conferees by adopting a debatable motion to do so, but leadership have increasingly exercised authority in the appointment of conferees. The House and Senate may instruct conferees, but these instructions are not binding. Authority Conference committees can be extremely contentious, particularly if the houses are controlled by different parties. House rules require that one conference meeting be open to the public, unless the House, in open session, votes to close a meeting to the public. Apart from this one open meeting, conference committees usually meet in private, and are dominated by the chairs of the House and Senate committees. House and Senate rules forbid conferees from inserting in their report matter not committed to them by either House. But conference committees sometimes do introduce new matter. In such a case, the rules of each House let a member object through a point of order, though each House has procedures that let other members vote to waive the point of order. The House provides", "title": "United States congressional conference committee" }, { "docid": "42337208", "text": "The Pro-Growth Budgeting Act of 2013 () is a bill that would require the Congressional Budget Office to provide a macroeconomic impact analysis for bills that are estimated to have a large budgetary effect. The bill was introduced into the United States House of Representatives during the 113th United States Congress. The Pro-Growth Budgeting Act of 2013 was introduced at the same time as the Baseline Reform Act of 2013 (H.R. 1871; 113th Congress) and the Budget and Accounting Transparency Act of 2014 (H.R. 1872; 113th Congress) as a package of budget reform bills. Provisions of the bill This summary is based largely on the summary provided by the Congressional Research Service, a public domain source. The Pro-Growth Budgeting Act of 2013 would amend the Congressional Budget Act of 1974 (CBA) to require the Congressional Budget Office (CBO) to prepare for each major bill or resolution reported by any congressional committee (except the congressional appropriations committees), as a supplement to CBO cost estimates, a macroeconomic impact analysis of the budgetary effects of such legislation for the 10-fiscal year period beginning with the first fiscal year for which such estimate was prepared and each of the next three 10-fiscal year periods. The bill would define \"major bill or resolution\" as any bill or resolution whose budgetary effects, for any fiscal year in the period for which a CBO cost estimate is prepared, is estimated to be greater than .25% of the current projected U.S. gross domestic product (GDP) for that fiscal year. The bill would require the analysis to describe: (1) the potential economic impact of the bill or resolution on major economic variables, including real GDP, business investment, the capital stock, employment, interest rates, and labor supply; and (2) the potential fiscal effects of the measure, including any estimates of revenue increases or decreases resulting from changes in GDP. The bill would require the analysis (or a technical appendix to it) to specify the economic and econometric models used, sources of data, relevant data transformations, as well as any explanation necessary to make the models comprehensible to academic and public policy analysts. Congressional Budget Office report This summary is based largely on the summary provided by the Congressional Budget Office, as ordered reported by the House Committee on the Budget on June 19, 2013. This is a public domain source. H.R. 1874 would require the Congressional Budget Office to provide a macroeconomic impact analysis for bills that are estimated to have a large budgetary effect. Under H.R. 1874, the CBO would be required to provide—to the extent practicable—an analysis of the impact on the economy of any bill that would have an estimated budgetary effect of greater than 0.25 percent of gross domestic product (GDP) in any fiscal year. (Currently, that threshold would be about $40 billion, based on GDP of about $16 trillion.) The macroeconomic analysis would include the estimated effect on revenues and outlays of a change in GDP resulting from the legislation being evaluated. The bill also", "title": "Pro-Growth Budgeting Act of 2013" }, { "docid": "1898990", "text": "The National Assembly of the Federal Republic of Nigeria is a bicameral legislature established under section 4 of the Nigerian Constitution. It consists of a Senate with 109 members and a 360-member House of Representatives. The body, modeled after the federal Congress of the United States, is supposed to guarantee equal representation with 3 senators to each 36 states irrespective of size in the Senate plus 1 senator representing the Federal Capital Territory and single-member district, plurality voting in the House of Representatives. The National Assembly, like many other organs of the Nigerian federal government is based in Abuja in the Federal Capital Territory. Leadership The Senate is chaired by the president of the Nigerian Senate, the first of whom was Nnamdi Azikiwe, who stepped down from the job to become the country's first head of state. The House is chaired by the speaker of the House of Representatives. At any joint session of the Assembly, the president of the Senate presides and in their absence the speaker of the House presides. Functions The Assembly has broad oversight functions and is empowered to establish committees of its members to scrutinise bills and the conduct of government officials. Since the restoration of democratic rule in 1999, the Assembly has been said to be in a \"learning process\" that has witnessed the election and removal of several presidents of the Senate, allegations of corruption, slow passage of private member's bills and the creation of ineffective committees to satisfy numerous interests. In spite of a more than two-thirds majority control of the Assembly by the then ruling Peoples Democratic Party (PDP), the PDP government led by Goodluck Jonathan and the Assembly have been known more for their disagreements than for their cooperation. Jonathan has been accused of being slow to implement policy. Many bills, some from as long ago as 2007, are still awaiting the president's assent. While the Assembly has made strong and often popular efforts to assert its authority and independence against the executive, it is still viewed generally in a negative light by the media and many of the Nigerian people. The Assembly sits for a period of at most four years, after which time the president is required to dissolve it and call a new Assembly into session. The Senate has the unique power to impeach judges and other high officials of the executive, including the federal auditor-general and the members of the electoral and revenue commissions. This power is, however, subject to a prior request by the president. The Senate also confirms the president's nomination of senior diplomats, members of the federal cabinet, federal judicial appointments, and independent federal commissions. Before any bill may become law, it must be agreed to by both the House and the Senate, and receive the president's assent. Should the president delay or refuse assent (veto) the bill, the Assembly may pass the law by two-thirds of both chambers and overrule the veto and the president's consent will not be required. Support The", "title": "National Assembly (Nigeria)" }, { "docid": "23369276", "text": "The Statutory Pay-As-You-Go Act of 2010, Title I of , is a public law passed by the 111th United States Congress and signed by US President Barack Obama on February 12, 2010. The act reinstated pay-as-you-go budgeting rules used in Congress from 1990 until 2002, ensuring that most new spending is offset by spending cuts or added revenue elsewhere (with several major policy exemptions). Legislative history The Act was introduced in the House of Representatives on June 17, 2009, by Majority Leader Steny Hoyer (D-Maryland) and has been cosponsored by 169 of the 257 House Democrats. The Act had initially passed the House of Representatives 265–166 as a standalone bill in July 2009, then was attached in the Senate to legislation raising the debt limit to $14.3 trillion. A majority of 241 Democrats supported the bill while a majority of 153 Republicans opposed it. In the Senate, the amendment attaching pay-as-you-go language to the debt-limit increase passed on a party-line vote of 60–40, and the debt-limit bill subsequently passed 60–39. After the House passed the bill by a vote of 233–187 on February 4, 2010, the bill was sent to Obama's desk. He signed it into law on February 12, 2010. Exemptions The Act under section 11 lists out programs and activities exempt from PAYGO rules. Outlays not subject to offsetting revenues include Social Security payments, all programs administered by the Department of Veterans Affairs, net interest on the debt, and income tax credits. Over 150 additional programs, funds, and activities are listed under section 11 as exempt from the law including outlays to Fannie Mae, Freddie Mac, the FDIC, Health Care Trust Funds, the Postal Service Fund, low-rent public housing loans and expenses, and the Special Inspector General for the TARP program. A recent example of Congress passing legislation exempt from the PAYGO rules is for emergency disaster relief for Hurricane Sandy. These exemptions allow money to move more quickly through the legislative process without having to find an offset. References External links Statutory Pay-As-You-Go Act of 2010 as amended (PDF/details) in the GPO Statute Compilations collection Acts of the 111th United States Congress United States federal government administration legislation", "title": "Statutory Pay-As-You-Go Act of 2010" } ]

[ { "docid": "1955969", "text": "The 1998 Internet Tax Freedom Act is a United States law authored by Representative Christopher Cox and Senator Ron Wyden that established national policy regarding federal and state taxation of the internet, based upon its unique characteristics as a mode of interstate and global commerce uniquely susceptible to multiple and discriminatory taxation. The law prohibits state and local governments from imposing taxes directly on the internet or online activity, such as email taxes, internet access taxes, bit taxes, and bandwidth taxes. It categorizes taxes targeted specifically to the internet itself or to online commerce as “discriminatory.” Discriminatory taxes are outlawed. When it was originally signed into signed into law as Title XI of Pub.L. 105-277 on October 21, 1998 by President Bill Clinton, the Act imposed a ten-year moratorium on discriminatory and multiple taxation of the internet and electronic commerce. The law was subsequently extended on multiple occasions by Congress, and on February 24, 2016, it was made permanent as Pub.L. 114-125, §922(a). In both its original and permanent form, the law's stated purpose is to promote and preserve the commercial, educational, and informational potential of the Internet. Background The technology of the internet was uniquely challenging to existing regulatory and tax paradigms when the World Wide Web emerged in the 1990s. Its decentralized, packet-switched architecture, which could route even the simplest messages through servers in multiple cities, counties, and states, exposed the medium to potential taxation across a confusing patchwork of thousands of U.S. state and local taxing jurisdictions. Municipalities had taxed and regulated cable television as if it were a public utility, and they saw the internet as no different. The United Nations was studying the idea of a global email tax. In Congress and the White House, preserving the uniquely national and global characteristics of the internet featured more prominently in policy making. In a white paper entitled “The Framework for Global Electronic Commerce,” the White House pointed to “the Internet’s special characteristics” as reason for its concern “about possible moves by state and local tax authorities to target electronic commerce.” The specter of multiple states and municipalities all simultaneously taxing and regulating commerce on the internet was seen as the far greater concern. Congress believed the increase in GDP facilitated by internet commerce would boost state revenues, not cut them. Legislative History On March 13, 1997, Representative Cox introduced H.R. 1054, titled the “Internet Tax Freedom Act,” in the U.S. House, and Senator Wyden introduced it in the Senate, where it was designated S. 442. The bill received hearings in both chambers. Cox introduced two updated versions: H.R. 3849, in May 1998; and H.R. 4105, in June 1998, the latter of which passed the U.S. House unanimously in July 1998. Three months later, in October 1998, the Senate passed the companion bill, S. 442, by a vote of 96-2. The Internet Tax Freedom Act was then added to the omnibus appropriations bill for that year, and signed into law by President Clinton as Titles XI and", "title": "Internet Tax Freedom Act" }, { "docid": "3874731", "text": "The United States budget comprises the spending and revenues of the U.S. federal government. The budget is the financial representation of the priorities of the government, reflecting historical debates and competing economic philosophies. The government primarily spends on healthcare, retirement, and defense programs. The non-partisan Congressional Budget Office provides extensive analysis of the budget and its economic effects. CBO estimated in February 2024 that Federal debt held by the public is projected to rise from 99 percent of GDP in 2024 to 116 percent in 2034 and would continue to grow if current laws generally remained unchanged. Over that period, the growth of interest costs and mandatory spending outpaces the growth of revenues and the economy, driving up debt. Those factors persist beyond 2034, pushing federal debt higher still, to 172 percent of GDP in 2054. Overview The budget document often begins with the President's proposal to Congress recommending funding levels for the next fiscal year, beginning October 1 and ending on September 30 of the year following. The fiscal year refers to the year in which it ends. However, Congress is the body required by law to pass appropriations annually and to submit funding bills passed by both houses to the President for signature. Congressional decisions are governed by rules and legislation regarding the federal budget process. Budget committees set spending limits for the House and Senate committees and for Appropriations subcommittees, which then approve individual appropriations bills to allocate funding to various federal programs. If Congress fails to pass an annual budget, then several appropriations bills must be passed as \"stop gap\" measures. After Congress approves an appropriations bill, it is then sent to the President, who may either sign it into law or veto it. A vetoed bill is sent back to Congress, which can pass it into law with a two-thirds majority in each legislative chamber. Congress may also combine all or some appropriations bills into one omnibus reconciliation bill. In addition, the president may request and the Congress may pass supplemental appropriations bills or emergency supplemental appropriations bills. Several government agencies provide budget data and analysis. These include the Government Accountability Office (GAO), the Congressional Budget Office (CBO), the Office of Management and Budget (OMB), and the Treasury Department. These agencies have reported that the federal government is facing many important long-run financing challenges, primarily driven by an aging population, rising interest payments, and spending for healthcare programs like Medicare and Medicaid. During FY2022, the federal government spent $6.3 trillion. Spending as % of GDP is 25.1%, almost 2 percentage points greater than the average over the past 50 years. Major categories of FY 2022 spending included: Medicare and Medicaid ($1,339B or 5.4% of GDP), Social Security ($1.2T or 4.8% of GDP), non-defense discretionary spending used to run federal Departments and Agencies ($910B or 3.6% of GDP), Defense Department ($751B or 3.0% of GDP), and net interest ($475B or 1.9% of GDP). CBO projects a federal budget deficit of $1.6 trillion for 2024. In the", "title": "United States federal budget" }, { "docid": "73366456", "text": "Beginning in 2022 and especially in 2023, the United States Congress has introduced and passed numerous pieces of legislation tackling opioids, fentanyl, and the opioid epidemic within America. Many of these bills have been introduced by members of the Republican Party, and some pieces of legislation have attracted bipartisan support from members of the Democratic Party. Most legislative efforts have arisen during the 117th and 118th Congresses. Stop Fentanyl Border Crossings Act The Stop Fentanyl Border Crossings Act is pending United States legislation introduced in both the 117th and 118th congresses. If enacted, the legislation would enable the Department of Health and Human Services to use Title 42 expulsion procedures and the Remain in Mexico policy to help combat the smuggling of fentanyl into the United States. to combat substantial, dangerous drug trafficking across the border. This power is allotted specifically to the Secretary of the Department. Legislative history The bill is most prominently sponsored by Senators Bill Hagerty of Tennessee and Roger Marshall of Kansas, and originally introduced by both senators as S.3959 with four more Republican cosponsors. In the 118th Congress, the bill was reintroduced by Tennessee Representative Scott DesJarlais and introduced as HR X. In the 117th Congress, the bill was blocked by president pro tempore Patty Murray, on grounds related to the expiration of Title 42 expulsion procedures. The bill has been reintroduced in the 118th congress, albeit only in the house, by DeJarlais as House Resolution 1210; the legislation has presently been referred to the House Committee on Energy and Commerce. Support The bill has received support from the Orange County Sheriff's Department in California, which stated through sheriff Don Barnes that the act \"is needed legislation that will bolster the needed enforcement component [to prevent fentanyl from arriving in the United States]\". Further support from California in favor of the bill was found in the Malibu Times, which ran an op-ed with the tag \"From the Right\" arguing not only that the bill greatly enhances the ability of law enforcement to block fentanyl from entering the country but also that the source of at least the raw materials for much of the fentanyl trade comes from enterprises based in the People's Republic of China, and that the Chinese government is potentially one of the forces behind the fentanyl influx. Felony Murder for Deadly Fentanyl Distribution Act The Felony Murder for Deadly Fentanyl Distribution Act is pending United States legislation originally introduced in the 117th Congress which has since been reintroduced in the 118th Congress as S.380. The bill, akin to its name, modifies Title 18 of the United States Code, specifically sections 1111, to give capital punishment or life imprisonment to individuals who distribute fentanyl. The bill defines \"distributing fentanyl\" as striking fentanyl within an individual. The minimum amount of fentanyl needed to meet the bill's criteria for capital punishment is two grams or half a gram depending on the fentanyl variant, and the individual charged must have the knowledge of intentionally distributing fentanyl.", "title": "Anti-fentanyl legislation in the United States" }, { "docid": "24355528", "text": "The Fracturing Responsibility and Awareness of Chemicals Act (, , dubbed as the FRAC Act) was a 2009 legislative proposal in the United States Congress to define hydraulic fracturing as a federally regulated activity under the Safe Drinking Water Act. The proposed act would have required the energy industry to disclose the chemical additives used in the hydraulic fracturing fluid. The gas industry opposed the legislation. The bill was introduced to both houses of the 111th United States Congress on June 9, 2009. The House bill was introduced by representatives Diana DeGette, D-Colo., Maurice Hinchey D-N.Y., and Jared Polis, D-Colo. The Senate version was introduced by senators Bob Casey, D-Pa., and Chuck Schumer, D-N.Y. The bill was re-introduced to both houses of the 112th United States Congress on March 15, 2011, by Representative Diana DeGette and Senator Bob Casey. Background The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) blames the lack of information about the contents of hydraulic fracturing fluid on the Energy Policy Act of 2005 because the law exempts hydraulic fracturing from federal water laws. The Act calls for the \"chemical constituents (but not the proprietary chemical formulas) used in the fracturing process.\" Once these constituents are determined the information must be revealed to the public through the Internet. The FRAC Act would have required that in any case where a physician or a state finds that a medical emergency exists, and that the chemical formulas are needed to treat the ailing individual, the firm must disclose the chemical identity to the state or physician—even if that proprietary formula is a trade-secret chemical. Material Safety Data Sheets, required by the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) under 29 CFR 1910.1200 are developed and made available to first responders and other emergency planning and response officials. The drilling industry opposed the FRAC Act bill. They stated that the bill would have created \"an additional layer of regulation that is unneeded and cumbersome.\" The Independent Petroleum Association of America believes that states already sufficiently regulate hydraulic fracturing. Their research suggests that federal regulation could result in the addition of about $100,000 to each new natural gas well. Energy in Depth, a lobbying group, says the new regulation would be an \"unnecessary financial burden on a single small-business industry, American oil, and natural gas producers.\" This group also claims that the FRAC Act could result in half of the United States oil wells and one third of the gas wells being closed. Also, the bill could cause domestic gas production to drop by 245 billion cubic feet per year along with four billion dollars in lost revenue to the federal government. The Environmental Protection Agency claims that the Safe Drinking Water Act is flexible in that it defers regulation of fracturing and drilling to the state. According to an industry-funded study, since most states currently have regulations on fracturing, they would most likely agree with the state's policy and there would not be much change. Current status The 111th United States Congress adjourned on", "title": "Fracturing Responsibility and Awareness of Chemicals Act" }, { "docid": "30198503", "text": "The American Jobs Creation Act of 2004 () was a federal tax act that repealed the export tax incentive (ETI), which had been declared illegal by the World Trade Organization several times and sparked retaliatory tariffs by the European Union. It also contained numerous tax credits for agricultural and business institutions as well as the repeal of excise taxes on both fuel and alcohol and the creation of tax credits for biofuels. The bill was introduced by Representative Bill Thomas on June 4, 2004, passed the House June 17, the Senate on July 15, and was signed by President George W. Bush on October 22. Summary of provisions The Office of Tax Analysis of the United States Department of the Treasury summarized the tax changes as follows: created deduction for income from U.S. production activities repealed exclusion for extraterritorial income changed interest expense allocation rules A report by the Tax Policy Center identifies the following main provisions and their costs over a period of 10 years: repeal of the ETI over a 3 year period including transitional relief; expected to produce $49 billion in revenue U.S. production tax breaks of 9% of income from domestic production, with an expected cost of $77 billion assorted business tax relief provisions costing $7 billion international tax changes for a cost of $43 billion miscellaneous revenue generating provisions with a projected gain of $82 billion temporarily allowed taxpayer deduction of state and local sales taxes Another provision revised the definition of the term \"covered expatriate\" which sets net worth and income tax liability thresholds used to determine if a person who renounces his/her U.S. citizenship must pay an expatriation tax. See also Extraterritorial income exclusion Foreign Sales Corporation Domestic international sales corporation References External links Full text of the Act United States federal taxation legislation Acts of the 108th United States Congress Presidency of George W. Bush 2004 in economic history", "title": "American Jobs Creation Act of 2004" }, { "docid": "41813095", "text": "The War Revenue Act of 1898 was legislation signed into law in the United States on June 13, 1898, which created a wide range of taxes to raise revenue for the American prosecution of the Spanish–American War. The legislation established the predecessor to the estate tax, and twice the Supreme Court of the United States issued rulings about the law. History The War Revenue Act of 1898 was introduced to fund American participation in the Spanish–American War. The people of Cuba had been seeking independence from Spain for several years, and after the destruction of the in Havana harbor on February 15, diplomatic relations between the U.S. and Spain dramatically worsened. President McKinley submitted a war message to Congress on April 11, and Congress enacted a joint resolution on April 19 demanding independence for Cuba and giving McKinley the authorization to declare war if Spain did not yield. McKinley signed the war resolution into law on April 20. After a series of events that included the announcement of a U.S. naval blockade of Cuba, the U.S. declared on April 25 that a state of war between the U.S. and Spain had existed since April 21. Congress recognized from the outset that additional revenues would be needed to prosecute the war. On April 25, 1898, Representative Nelson Dingley, Jr. introduced H.R. 10100 to levy these new taxes. Dingley's bill proposed issuing million in bonds and raising million in taxes on products as diverse as chewing gum, beer, circuses, insurance policies, pawnbrokers, theaters, toilet articles, and wine. Democrats argued that these taxes fell too heavily on the poor, and sought to amend the law. Dingley was chair of the powerful House Committee on Ways and Means, and his committee took up the bill the day following its introduction. The committee discussed the bill on April 26 and April 27, and reported it favorably to the House floor on April 27. The same day, the House debated and passed the bill. H.R. 10100 was reported to the United States Senate, where it was referred to the Committee on Finance. The committee reported an amended bill to the Senate floor on May 12. Democrats and so-called \"Silver Republicans\" (members of the Republican Party who wished to devalue the dollar by moving the country off the gold standard to the silver standard) united to create a majority on the committee which adopted amendments adding excise taxes on business and taxing bond transactions. The Finance Committee bill met with opposition on the Senate floor. The House bill sought to raise million in taxes, and to borrow another million (if necessary). But the Finance Committee bill raised million in taxes and another million via the issuance of United States Notes and silver certificates. Another Finance Committee change taxed all corporations at the same rate, without giving an exemption to small corporations. The issuance of Notes was stripped from the bill on the floor, but the issuance of certificates remained. An effort was made to exempt small businesses", "title": "War Revenue Act of 1898" }, { "docid": "7618482", "text": "The Office of the Taxpayer Advocate, also called the Taxpayer Advocate Service (TAS), is an office within the Internal Revenue Service (IRS) of the U.S. Department of the Treasury, reporting directly to the Commissioner of Internal Revenue. The office is under the supervision and direction of the National Taxpayer Advocate, who is appointed by the Secretary of Treasury. History Established in 1996, the Office of the Taxpayer Advocate has its origins in other Internal Revenue Service programs, such as the Taxpayer Service Program (formalized in 1963) and Problem Resolution Program (established in 1977). On the recommendation of the House Government Operations Committee, the Taxpayer Ombudsman was established within the Office of the IRS Commissioner in 1979, reporting directly to the Commissioner of Internal Revenue. In 1984, the problem resolution offices (PRO) consisted of 80 full time employees and was headed by George A. O'Hanlon, the IRS ombudsman at the time. Commentators called for expanding the number of ombudsman as part of wider criticism of how the IRS was operating. The 1988 Taxpayer Bill of rights gave the Ombudsman additional authority to intervene and overturn IRS decisions in certain cases. The position of Taxpayer Advocate was created under the Taxpayer Bill of Rights 2, an act of the United States Congress which became law on July 30, 1996. The office replaced the previous Office of the Ombudsman within the IRS. The Taxpayer Advocate was initially appointed by the IRS commissioner until the Internal Revenue Service Restructuring and Reform Act of 1998 transferred appointment authority to the United States Secretary of the Treasury. Responsibilities Individual case advocacy The TAS consists of approximately 1,800 employees. About 1,400 of these are Case Advocates, who personally assist taxpayers in resolving their problems with the IRS. Taxpayers may qualify for personal assistance from TAS if they are experiencing economic harm or significant cost (including fees for professional representation) as a result of their tax issue, have experienced a delay of more than 30 days in resolving their issue, or have not received a response or resolution by the date promised by the IRS. Cases are handled by a Local Taxpayer Advocate office located in each US state, the District of Columbia, and Puerto Rico. These offices are contacted directly by taxpayers, and also receive cases referred by the IRS or Members of Congress. The National Taxpayer Advocate may, upon application from a taxpayer, issue a Taxpayer Assistance Order (TAO) if the Advocate determines that the taxpayer is suffering (or is about to suffer) a \"significant hardship\" resulting from the way the U.S. Federal tax law is being administered, or if the taxpayer meets other prescribed requirements. The TAO may require the IRS to release property that has been levied, or to cease an action, or to take legally permitted action, or to refrain from taking any action against the taxpayer, under various provisions of the tax law. Systemic advocacy In addition, the TAS identifies systemic problems that exist within the Internal Revenue Service and, to the", "title": "Office of the Taxpayer Advocate" }, { "docid": "52077334", "text": "The 2017 United States federal budget is the United States federal budget for fiscal year 2017, which lasted from October 1, 2016 to September 30, 2017. President Barack Obama submitted a budget proposal to the 114th Congress on February 9, 2016. The 2017 fiscal year overlaps the end of the Obama administration and the beginning of the Trump administration. The government was initially funded through a series of three temporary continuing resolutions. Funding for military construction and the Department of Veterans Affairs was enacted on September 29, 2016 as part of the Continuing Appropriations and Military Construction, Veterans Affairs, and Related Agencies Appropriations Act, 2017, and Zika Response and Preparedness Act. The remaining funding was passed as an omnibus spending bill, the Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2017, enacted on May 5, 2017. Background The federal budget outlines the government’s plans for spending and revenue. In the United States, the federal budget request is first introduced by the president. The federal budget and all appropriations must then be written and approved by the United States Congress. In Congress the process begins with the House Budget Committee and the Senate Budget Committee creating their own budget. After both houses pass a budget resolution, representatives and senators come up with a conference report negotiating between both the House and Senate versions. Budget resolutions do not go to the president for a signature or veto. This budget does not directly enact the actual spending of the federal government, but it sets the amounts that each congressional committee is allowed to spend on the programs, agencies and departments for which it is responsible. Actual spending is driven by the final appropriations bills. The Budget Control Act of 2011 (BCA) had established spending caps on defense and non-defense spending, which were first applied in FY2013. Just before midnight on October 26, 2015, Republican and Democratic leaders reached an agreement, the Bipartisan Budget Act of 2015, to increase the budget caps imposed by the BCA for fiscal years by $50 billion in FY2016 and $30 billion in FY2017, and temporarily suspend the debt limit until March 15, 2017. The increased spending was to be offset by changes in Medicare, Social Security disability insurance, selling off oil from the strategic petroleum reserves, and other changes. Budget proposals The Obama administration's proposed budget for 2017 proposed spending $4.2 trillion and raising $3.6 trillion in tax revenue. The administration's stated priorities are creating jobs, building 21st century transportation, investing in medical research, addressing climate change, and increased funding for national security. Congress did not pass a regular budget resolution for the 2017 fiscal year during the 114th Congress, but did so early in the 115th Congress, over three months after the fiscal year had actually begun. Related legislation 114th Congress On September 28, 2016, Congress passed a continuing resolution which extended funding at previous years levels up to December 9, 2016. The continuing resolution avoided a government shutdown and directed funding specifically for protection against the Zika virus and flood relief", "title": "2017 United States federal budget" }, { "docid": "377146", "text": "The United States budget process is the framework used by Congress and the President of the United States to formulate and create the United States federal budget. The process was established by the Budget and Accounting Act of 1921, the Congressional Budget and Impoundment Control Act of 1974, and additional budget legislation. Prior to 1974, Congress had no formal process for establishing a federal budget. When President Richard Nixon began to refuse to spend funds that Congress had allocated, they adopted a more formal means by which to challenge him. The Congressional Budget Act of 1974 created the Congressional Budget Office (CBO), which gained more control of the budget, limiting the power of the President's Office of Management and Budget (OMB). The Act passed easily while the administration was embroiled in the Watergate scandal and was unwilling to provoke Congress. Discretionary spending Discretionary spending requires an annual appropriation bill, which is a piece of legislation. Discretionary spending is typically set by the House and Senate Appropriations Committees and their various subcommittees. Since the spending is typically for a fixed period (usually a year), it is said to be under the discretion of the Congress. Some appropriations last for more than one year (see Appropriation bill for details). In particular, multi-year appropriations are often used for housing programs and military procurement programs. As of 2019, there are 12 appropriations bills which need to be passed each fiscal year in order for continued discretionary spending to occur. The subject of each appropriations bill corresponds to the jurisdiction of the respective House and Senate appropriation subcommittees: Multiple bills are sometimes combined into one piece of legislation, such as the Omnibus Appropriations Act, 2009. A continuing resolution is often passed if an appropriations bill has not been signed into law by the end of the fiscal year. Authorization bills In general, funds for federal government programs must be authorized by an \"authorizing committee\" through enactment of legislation. Then, through subsequent acts by Congress, budget authority is appropriated by the Appropriations Committee of the House. In principle, committees with jurisdiction to authorize programs make policy decisions, while the Appropriations Committees decide on funding levels, limited to a program's authorized funding level, though the amount may be any amount less than the limit. But it all starts with the president's budget. Annual process Presidential budget request The United States budget process begins when the President of the United States submits a budget request to Congress. The President's budget is formulated over a period of months with the assistance of the Office of Management and Budget (OMB), the largest office within the Executive Office of the President. The budget request includes funding requests for all federal executive departments and independent agencies. Budget documents include supporting documents and historical budget data and contains detailed information on spending and revenue proposals, along with policy proposals and initiatives with significant budgetary implications. The President's budget request constitutes an extensive proposal of the administration's intended revenue and spending plans for the", "title": "United States budget process" }, { "docid": "51793366", "text": "The 90–10 rule refers to a U.S. regulation that governs for-profit higher education. It caps the percentage of revenue that a proprietary school can receive from federal financial aid sources at 90%; the other 10% of revenue must come from alternative sources. Not all federal sources of financial aid fall under this cap. In particular, funds supporting the education of troops and veterans, such as the G.I. Bill and Department of Defense Tuition Assistance program, were not subject to this cap until enactment of the American Rescue Plan in 2021. The current 90/10 regulations now include GI benefits and are effective July 1, 2023 and apply to institutional fiscal years beginning on or after January 1, 2023, consistent with the effective date of the statutory changes to the 90/10 calculation. The rule is intended to use a market mechanism to weed out the worst performing proprietary schools. The requirement's intent was to ensure that no school could rely solely on federal funding. Since 2010, growing scrutiny of the for-profit industry has spurred new efforts to strengthen the 90–10 rule. Some veteran and military groups have pushed for the G.I. Bill and Tuition Assistance Program to be included in the funds that are capped. Democratic lawmakers have sought new regulations to improve reporting and transparency in the rule. History of the 90–10 rule The origin of the 90–10 rule lies in the history of veterans' education benefits. Following World War II, a number of proprietary, fly-by-night colleges emerged to meet the heightened demand for colleges from returning troops. Concerned with the quality of these schools, the Veteran Administration instituted an 85–15 rule, capping the percentage of a school's revenue from GI Bill funds at 85%. In 1972, for-profit colleges became eligible to receive federal student financial aid under Title IV. There were then no restrictions on the percentage of revenue that could be received from these sources. In the 1990s, lawmakers became concerned with the quality and recruiting practices of for-profit colleges. Almost half of student loan defaults came from for-profit school students despite comprising just a fifth of loans. This growing concern led to new efforts to impose more regulations on the industry. The result was included in the 1992 Higher Education Act, which included the first iteration of today's 90–10 rule. It required that a for-profit school receive no more than 85% of its revenue from Title IV financial aid sources. This rule was modeled after the earlier Veteran Administration regulation. During the 1998 reauthorization of the Higher Education Act, Congress changed the 85–15 rule to the 90–10 rule. Now for-profit colleges could receive up to 90%, rather than 85%, of revenue from Title IV funds. In March 2021 the US Senate removed the 90–10 loophole as part of the 2021 Covid relief bill. As a bi-partisan compromise, the measure would not take effect until 2023. 21st century efforts to modify the 90–10 rule With again increasing scrutiny of the for-profit school industry, the 90–10 rule has again become", "title": "90–10 rule" }, { "docid": "1589508", "text": "The National Congress of Argentina () is the legislative branch of the government of Argentina. Its composition is bicameral, constituted by a 72-seat Senate and a 257-seat Chamber of Deputies. The Senate, whose members are elected to six-year terms renewable by thirds each two years, consists of three representatives from each province and the federal capital. The Chamber of Deputies, whose members are elected to four-year terms, is apportioned according to population, and renews their members by a half each two years. The Congressional Palace is located in Buenos Aires, at the western end of Avenida de Mayo (at the other end of which is located the Casa Rosada). The Kilometre Zero for all Argentine National Highways is marked on a milestone at the Congressional Plaza, next to the building. Attributes The Argentine National Congress is bicameral, composed of the Senate and the Chamber of Deputies. The ordinary sessions span is from March 1 to November 30; the President of Argentina is entitled to convene extraordinary sessions during the recess, if needed. Senators and deputies enjoy parliamentary immunity during their mandates, which may be revoked by their peers if a senator or deputy is caught in flagrante, in the midst of committing a crime. The Congress rules the Central Bank of Argentina, manages internal and external debt payment, and the value of national currency (currently the Argentine peso). It rules the legal codes on Civil, Commercial, Penal, Minery, Work and Social Welfare affairs, all of which cannot be in contradiction with the respective provincial codes. Any changes on national or provincial limits, or the creation of new provinces, ought to be allowed by the Congress. The Congress is entitled to approve or reject every international treaty that Argentina signs with other states or international organizations. When approved, the treaties acquire priority over ordinary legislation. Declarations of war and the signing of peace, as well as the mobilization of the national troops, within or outside of the Argentine territory must be allowed by the Congress. The Chamber of Deputies is the lower House of the National Congress. It holds exclusive rights to set taxes and customs; to draft troops; and to accuse the President, Ministers, and members of the Supreme Court before the Senate. Additionally, the Chamber of Deputies receives for consideration bills presented by popular initiative. The Senate is the upper House of the National Congress. It must obtain quorum to deliberate, this being an absolute majority. It has the power to approve bills passed by the Chamber of Deputies, call for joint sessions with the Lower House or special sessions with experts and interested parties, and submit bills for the president's signature; bills introduced in the Senate must, in turn, be approved by the Lower House for their submittal to the president. The Senate must introduce any changes to federal revenue sharing policies, ratify international treaties, approve changes to constitutional or federal criminal laws, as well as confirm or impeach presidential nominees to the cabinet, the judiciary, the armed", "title": "National Congress of Argentina" }, { "docid": "42167052", "text": "The Protecting Volunteer Firefighters and Emergency Responders Act (, ) is a bill that amends the Internal Revenue Code to exclude volunteer hours of volunteer firefighters and emergency medical personnel from counting towards the calculation of the number of a firm’s full-time employees for purposes of certain provisions of the Affordable Care Act. This would mean that there is no requirement that volunteer emergency responders be offered health care by the organization they volunteer with. The bill was proposed in the 113th United States Congress as , and passed, but the text of the bill was modified, ultimately turning the bill into a defense authorization. In the United States Senate, Majority Leader Harry Reid chose to use the bill as a legislative vehicle to pass an extension of federal long-term unemployment insurance benefits. When the bill reached the senate, Reid added substantial provisions on unemployment, renaming the bill the Emergency Unemployment Compensation Extension Act of 2014. The bill passed the Senate with the new unemployment language. The bill was passed into law as Carl Levin and Howard P. \"Buck\" McKeon National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2015. () The language of the original bill was passed in the 114th congress. Background The employer mandate is a penalty that will be incurred by employers with more than 50 employees that do not offer health insurance to their full-time workers. This provision was included as a disincentive for employers considering dropping their current insurance plans once the insurance exchanges began operating as an alternative source of insurance. Proponents of the reform law wanted to address the parts of the healthcare system they believed to not be working well, while causing minimal disruption to those happy with the coverage they have. Provisions of the bill The Protecting Volunteer Firefighters and Emergency Responders Act The Protecting Volunteer Firefighters and Emergency Responders Act would amend the Internal Revenue Code to provide that a bona fide volunteer providing firefighting and prevention services, emergency medical services, or ambulance services to a state or local government or a tax-exempt organization shall not be counted in determining the number of full-time employees of an employer for purposes of the employer mandate to provide health care coverage under the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act. Unemployment insurance H.R. 3979, as amended by the Senate, would extend the federal unemployment insurance program for another five months. One of the provisions, planned by Senators Jack Reed (D-RI) and Dean Heller (R-NV), would provide the people whose unemployment benefits ended on December 28, 2013 with retroactive benefits. This would affect more than 2 million people. Congressional Budget Office report This summary is based largely on the summary provided by the Congressional Budget Office, as ordered reported by the House Committee on Ways and Means on February 4, 2014. This is a public domain source. H.R. 3979 would amend the Internal Revenue Code to exclude volunteer hours of volunteer firefighters and emergency medical personnel from counting towards the calculation of the number of", "title": "Protecting Volunteer Firefighters and Emergency Responders Act" }, { "docid": "68679106", "text": "Cappy McGarr is an American entrepreneur, fundraiser, author, and Emmy-nominated producer based in Dallas, Texas. He is a co-creator of the Kennedy Center Mark Twain Prize for American Humor, as well as the Library of Congress Gershwin Prize for Popular Song. He was appointed to the board of trustees of the John F. Kennedy Center for the Performing Arts by President Bill Clinton in 1996, and re-appointed by President Barack Obama in 2011. He has also produced several shows for PBS’s In Performance at the White House series. Early life and career McGarr was born in San Angelo, Texas. He attended the University of Texas at Austin, where he received a Bachelor of Arts in 1973, a Bachelor of Journalism in 1975, and a Master's in Business Administration in 1977. In 1996, McGarr was appointed by President Bill Clinton to the John F. Kennedy Center for the Performing Arts's Board of Trustees for a six-year term. During that time, McGarr helped create the inaugural Mark Twain Prize ceremony in 1998 honoring Richard Pryor. McGarr then served as an executive producer on subsequent Mark Twain Prize ceremonies, extending after his term on the Kennedy Center board was complete. McGarr also co-created the Library of Congress Gershwin Prize for Popular Song, which was first awarded in 2007 to Paul Simon, and has since been given to Stevie Wonder, Paul McCartney, Hal David and Burt Bacharach, Carole King and more. For his work on the Kennedy Center Mark Twain Prize ceremony honoring George Carlin, McGarr received an Emmy Award nomination in 2009 in the category of Outstanding Special Class Programs. He was also nominated for a 2010 NAACP Image Award in the Outstanding Variety category for the 2009 Mark Twain Prize. President Barack Obama re-appointed McGarr to the Kennedy Center board in 2011, making McGarr one of only two people at the time to receive that appointment from multiple presidents. McGarr has served on the board of the Foundation for the National Archives and currently serves on the board of the Lyndon Baines Johnson Foundation and the MD Anderson Cancer Center Board of Visitors. He is also a member of the Council on Foreign Relations. In 2021, McGarr published a memoir about his life and the founding of the Mark Twain Prize titled The Man Who Made Mark Twain Famous: Stories from the Kennedy Center, the White House, and Other Comedy Venues. Personal life McGarr married Janie Strauss in 1978, and they live together in Dallas, Texas. They have two children, Elizabeth McGarr McCue and Kathryn McGarr, as well as two grandchildren. Works A Texas-Size Health Care Failure (The New York Times, 2009) Why Washington Needs a Laugh (Politico, 2011) Coronavirus Is No Joke, But It’s Why Comedy Must Go On (USA Today, 2020) The Man Who Made Mark Twain Famous: Stories from the Kennedy Center, the White House, and Other Comedy Venues (Simon & Schuster, 2021) References External links University of Texas profile 1951 births Living people People from San Angelo, Texas", "title": "Cappy McGarr" }, { "docid": "7910069", "text": "In the United States Congress, a Christmas tree bill is a political term referring to a bill that attracts many, often unrelated, floor amendments. A Christmas tree bill consists of many riders. The amendments which adorn the bill may provide special benefits to various groups or interests. The term refers to the proposed legislation being subject to having each member of Congress hang their own amendment on it. Definition The traditional Christmas tree bill begins as a minor bill that passes the House. Senators are not limited by the germaneness rule present in the House and are able to add unrelated amendments to the House bill to provide benefits to special interest groups and campaign contributors. Usually the amendments provide tax benefits or favorable trade treatments. Many Christmas tree bills are enacted in the crush of legislation as Congress prepares to adjourn for the Christmas holidays. These bills usually have the effect of reducing the amount of tax revenue collected by the federal government. Origins It is unclear when the expression \"Christmas tree bill\" was coined and by whom, but in 1956, Time magazine published an article entitled \"The Christmas Tree Bill\". The story was about a farm bill to which more than one hundred amendments were introduced. Clinton Anderson, a Democratic Senator from New Mexico is quoted in the article saying, \"This bill gets more and more like a Christmas tree; there's something on it for nearly everyone.\" Louisiana Senator Russell B. Long, the chairman of the Senate Finance Committee from 1965 until 1981, has claimed that he was the creator of the Christmas tree bill. In 1966, the House passed H.R. 13103, the Foreign Investors Tax Act, a bill designed to reduce the complexity and confusion facing the foreign investor. It was intended to encourage foreign investment in the United States. By the time the bill was approved by the Senate, it included provisions that helped the mineral ore industry, large investors, hearse owners, and Scotch whisky importers. Chairman Long also was able to include a one-dollar income tax check off to assist presidential campaigns, a proposal he had championed for a number of years. Another controversial issue amended to the bill was a tax break for doctors, lawyers, and other high-paid professionals who wanted to set aside money for their retirements. The House Ways and Means Committee initially threatened not to bring the bill to a conference committee because the Senate had amended the bill too heavily. With the addition of the retirement provision, the bill became more popular in the House because that chamber had passed the provision earlier in the year only to see it defeated by the Senate. The conference committee reduced some of the tax breaks in the bill. It then went to a House floor vote under a closed rule. House Ways and Means Committee chairman, Wilbur Mills of Arkansas, insisted that tax bills be debated under closed rules to keep them from being amended on the floor. The House eventually approved", "title": "Christmas tree bill" }, { "docid": "5514219", "text": "The Internal Revenue Service Restructuring and Reform Act of 1998, also known as Taxpayer Bill of Rights III (), resulted from hearings held by the United States Congress in 1996 and 1997. The Act included numerous amendments to the Internal Revenue Code of 1986. The bill was passed in the Senate unanimously, and was seen as a major reform of the Internal Revenue Service. Provisions Individuals The Act provides that individuals who fail to provide their taxpayer identification numbers are not allowed to take the earned income credit for the year in which the failure occurs. Individuals are allowed to deduct interest expense paid on certain student loans. The exclusion, from income, of gain on the sale of a principal residence (up to $250,000 for individuals or $500,000 on a joint return) is pro-rated for certain taxpayers. The use of a continuous levy—a levy attaching to both property held on the date of levy and to property acquired after that date—must be specifically approved by the Internal Revenue Service (IRS) before the levy is effective. Business and investment The Act changed the holding period for long-term capital gain treatment from eighteen months to twelve months, effective for tax years that begin after December 31, 1997. Structure and function of the IRS The Act mandated the replacement of geographic regional divisions of the IRS with units designed to serve particular categories of taxpayers. The Act also provided a five-year term of office for the Commissioner of Internal Revenue. The Act also provided that the National Taxpayer Advocate will be appointed by the Secretary of the Treasury, and will report directly to the Commissioner of Internal Revenue. The Act created an IRS Oversight Board to ensure, among other things, that taxpayers are properly treated by IRS employees. The IRS was barred from using the term \"illegal tax protester\". Taxpayer rights or behavior of IRS personnel The Act created a limited privilege for taxpayers with respect to certain communications made between a taxpayer and a \"federally authorized tax practitioner\" in non-criminal proceedings. The Act allows for civil damages of up to $100,000 where an IRS office or employee negligently disregards the tax statutes or regulations. The Act limits the use of certain financial status audit techniques by IRS employees. The Act also provides that unless the Commissioner of Internal Revenue decides otherwise, an IRS employee must be fired if the employee has been found, in a final administrative or judicial proceeding, to have engaged in any of the following kinds of conduct: (1) willful failure to obtain the required approval signatures on documents authorizing the seizure of a taxpayer's home, personal belongings, or business assets; (2) providing a false statement under oath about a material matter involving a taxpayer or a taxpayer representative; (3) with respect to a taxpayer, or a taxpayer representative, or a fellow employee of the Internal Revenue Service, the violation of any right under the U.S. Constitution or any civil right under various specific federal statutes; (4) falsifying or", "title": "Internal Revenue Service Restructuring and Reform Act of 1998" } ]

[ "House of Representatives" ]

[ { "docid": "54755172", "text": "The 2018 Major League Baseball season began on March 29. The regular season ended on October 1, extended a day for tiebreaker games to decide the winners of the National League Central and National League West. The postseason began on October 2. The World Series began on October 23, and ended on October 28 with the Boston Red Sox defeating the Los Angeles Dodgers in five games to win their ninth World Series championship. The 89th Major League Baseball All-Star Game was held on July 17 at Nationals Park, the home of the Washington Nationals. The American League won, 8–6, in 10 innings. This was also the last season for the August trade waivers. Schedule As has been the case since 2013, all teams played their four division opponents 19 times each for a total of 76 games. They played six or seven games against each of the other ten same-league opponents for a total of 66 games, and 20 interleague games. The primary interleague match-ups were AL East vs NL East, AL Central vs NL Central, and AL West vs NL West. Since \"natural rivalry\" matchups were part of the three-year divisional rotation, the schedule format for interleague games was different from previous years. The 20 interleague games each team played two three-game series (one home, one away) against its natural rival (total of six games), two two-game series (one home, one away) against each team for two other opponents (total of eight games), and a single three-game series against each team for the last two (one home, one away; total of six games). Under the new collective bargaining agreement reached in December 2016, the regular season was extended to 187 days in order to add four additional off-days for all teams. All teams were scheduled to play Opening Day, March 29—the earliest domestic start of a regular season in league history until the 2019 season. The Sunday night game before the All-Star Game was replaced by a single, nationally televised game on the Thursday after the All-Star Game (which for 2018, was played between the St. Louis Cardinals and Chicago Cubs), before all other teams returned from break the next day. The Minnesota Twins and the Cleveland Indians played a two-game series at Hiram Bithorn Stadium in San Juan, Puerto Rico, on April 17 and 18, while the Los Angeles Dodgers and San Diego Padres played a three-game series at Estadio de Béisbol Monterrey in Monterrey, Mexico, from May 4 to 6. The 2018 MLB Little League Classic at BB&T Ballpark in Williamsport, Pennsylvania, coinciding with the Little League World Series, returned to the schedule. It was played between the Philadelphia Phillies and the New York Mets on August 19. Rule changes Beginning in the 2018 season, MLB implemented new pace of play rules, which include limiting the number of mound visits for each team to six per nine innings. Teams will receive an additional visit for every extra inning played. Standings American League National League Postseason Bracket", "title": "2018 Major League Baseball season" }, { "docid": "50768699", "text": "Carter Alswinn Kieboom ( ; born September 3, 1997) is an American professional baseball third baseman in the Washington Nationals organization. He has previously played in Major League Baseball (MLB) for the Nationals, for whom he made his MLB debut in 2019. Amateur career Kieboom attended George Walton Comprehensive High School in Marietta, Georgia. He committed to attend Clemson University to play college baseball for the Clemson Tigers. He was drafted by the Washington Nationals in the first round of the 2016 Major League Baseball Draft. Professional career Kieboom announced he would be signing with the Nationals and joining the organization on June 11, 2016. He spent his first professional season with the rookie–level Gulf Coast League Nationals where he batted .244 with four home runs and 25 RBIs. In 2017 with the Single–A Hagerstown Suns, he was hitting .333 and six home runs and 20 RBIs before a hamstring injury on May 12 placed him on the disabled list. Kieboom was named to the Northern Division All-Star team in the South Atlantic League, alongside several Suns teammates. Both Baseball America and MLB Pipeline listed Kieboom as the Nationals' fourth-best prospect as of their 2017 season. After returning to action late in the season, Kieboom played in six games with the GCL Nationals and seven games with the Low–A Auburn Doubledays before returning to Hagerstown. Across all three levels, he had a .297 batting average with nine home runs in 61 games for the 2017 season. Playing for the High-A Potomac Nationals in 2018, Kieboom was named a Carolina League All-Star, one of six Potomac players so honored. In the All-Star Game, he hit a home run while going 3-for-5. He was promoted to the Double–A Harrisburg Senators for the first time following the All-Star Game, homering off Baltimore Orioles prospect Keegan Akin in his first game at the higher level on June 21, 2018. Representing Team USA, he was one of two Nationals minor league players, along with Dominican-raised infielder Luis García for Team World, selected to play in the All-Star Futures Game at Nationals Park in 2018. Kieboom began the 2019 season with the Fresno Grizzlies of the Triple–A Pacific Coast League. On April 26, 2019, the Nationals purchased Kieboom's contract and promoted him to the major league roster for a series against the San Diego Padres. He made his debut that night and hit a home run for his first major league hit. Kieboom was named to the 2019 Futures Game. Kieboom played 11 games with the Nationals with a .128 average and 2 home runs. The Nationals finished the 2019 year 93-69, clinching a wild card spot and eventually winning the World Series over the Houston Astros. Kieboom did not participate in any postseason action but still won his first world championship. Following the departure of veteran third baseman Anthony Rendon after the 2019 season, Nationals manager Dave Martinez said in January 2020 that Kieboom would move to third base full time, with the expectation that", "title": "Carter Kieboom" }, { "docid": "54521992", "text": "The 2018 Major League Baseball Home Run Derby was a home run hitting contest between eight batters from Major League Baseball (MLB). The derby was held on July 16, 2018, at Nationals Park in Washington, D.C., the site of the 2018 MLB All-Star Game. On July 11, the participants were announced. Bryce Harper was the winner, as he beat Kyle Schwarber, in the final 19–18, winning the derby in front of his hometown crowd. He tied Schwarber on the last pitch as time expired in regulation; then won it with 16 seconds left in bonus time. Rules Eight players participate in the derby in a bracket-style, single-elimination timed event. Each player has four minutes to hit as many home runs as possible. Hitters are awarded an additional 30 seconds if they hit two home runs over . Hitters are also allowed one 45 second timeout to stop the clock (two in the finals). Homers hit off a T-Mobile Ball during the final minute result in a $10,000 donation to charity by T-Mobile & MLB, to Team Rubicon. The eight competing players are seeded 1-8 based on their home run totals. While the lower seed hits first, the higher seed hits second in all rounds. The round ends if the higher seed exceeds the total of the first hitter. In the event of a tie, three sets of tiebreakers are employed: first, a 90-second swing-off (with no timeouts nor bonus time awarded); second, each player gets three swings; whoever hits more home runs in the three swings will be declared the winner; thereafter, sudden death swings will occur until the tie is broken. Bracket References 2018 Major League Baseball Home Run Derby, 2018 Baseball in Washington, D.C. Major League Baseball Home Run Derby", "title": "2018 Major League Baseball Home Run Derby" } ]

[ { "docid": "57658308", "text": "Scott Matthew Heineman (born December 4, 1992) is an American professional baseball outfielder and first baseman who is currently a free agent. He has previously played in Major League Baseball (MLB) for the Texas Rangers and Cincinnati Reds. Amateur career Heineman attended Crespi Carmelite High School in Encino, California. Undrafted out of high school, he attended the University of Oregon, where he played college baseball for the Oregon Ducks from 2012 through 2015. In 2013, he played collegiate summer baseball with the Brewster Whitecaps of the Cape Cod Baseball League, and was named a league all-star. He played in only 8 games in 2014 before undergoing season-ending surgery on a torn labrum in his hip, resulting in a red-shirt season. The Kansas City Royals selected him in the 19th round of the 2014 MLB draft, but he did not sign, and returned to Oregon for 2015. The Texas Rangers selected Heineman in the 11th round, 318th overall, of the 2015 MLB draft and signed him for $100,000. Professional career Texas Rangers Heineman underwent season-ending surgery on his right ankle on July 1, 2015, without having appeared in any professional games that season. He made his professional debut and spent the entire 2016 season with the High Desert Mavericks of the California League, hitting .303/.386/.505/.891 with 17 home runs, 80 RBI, and 30 stolen bases. He spent the 2017 season with the Frisco RoughRiders of the Texas League, hitting .284/.363/.427/.790 with 9 home runs, 44 RBI, and 12 stolen bases. In 2018, Heineman played in 107 games for the Round Rock Express of the Triple-A Pacific Coast League (PCL) and 7 games for the Roughriders. He was named to the PCL All-Star Team and participated Triple-A All-Star Game. He hit a combined .306/.371/.445/.816 with 12 home runs, 67 RBI, and 18 stolen bases in the 2018 season. During the 2018 off-season, Heineman played for the Leones del Escogido of the Dominican Winter League. The Rangers placed him on their 40-man roster following the 2018 season. Heineman was named the recipient of the Rangers' 2018 minor league Tom Grieve Player of the Year award. Heineman underwent surgery on his left shoulder (labrum) in December 2018. On March 3, 2019, he was placed on the 60-day injured list as he recovered from shoulder surgery. After rehabbing with the AZL Rangers of the Rookie-level Arizona League and the Nashville Sounds of the Triple-A Pacific Coast League, he was activated from the injured list on July 3 and optioned to Nashville. Between the two levels, he hit a combined .347/.415/.591/1.006 with 10 home runs and 31 RBI over 46 games. The Rangers promoted Heineman to the major leagues on August 2, 2019. He made his major league debut that day versus the Detroit Tigers, recording his first career hit off Tyler Alexander. On September 3, Heineman hit his first major league home run off Jonathan Loáisiga. In 25 games for Texas in 2019, Heineman hit .213/.306/.373/.679 with 2 home runs and 7 RBI. In 24", "title": "Scott Heineman" }, { "docid": "55670445", "text": "Brandon Norman Lowe ( ; born July 6, 1994) is an American professional baseball second baseman for the Tampa Bay Rays of Major League Baseball (MLB). He made his MLB debut in 2018 and was an MLB All-Star in 2019. Amateur career Lowe attended Nansemond River High School in Suffolk, Virginia, where he played on the school's baseball team. He led Nansemond to a district championship as a junior and a district title as a senior, he was also named first-team all-state, first-team all-region, and first-team all-district that year. He committed to University of Maryland, College Park to play college baseball for the Maryland Terrapins. Two days before the first game of his freshman year, Lowe tore the anterior cruciate ligament in his left knee, which caused him to be redshirted and miss the entire season. In his redshirt freshman season, Lowe was named third-team all-ACC after leading the Maryland Terrapins in batting average (.348), on-base percentage (.464) and slugging percentage (.464). In his sophomore season, Lowe led the Terrapins in hits, walks, runs, and doubles, as well as finishing second in runs batted in. In the summer of 2014, he played baseball with the Bethesda Big Train and became the MVP of the Cal Ripken Collegiate Baseball League. Two days before the 2015 Major League Baseball draft, Lowe suffered a broken fibula as the Terrapins lost to the Virginia Cavaliers in the NCAA super regional. Professional career Minor leagues The Tampa Bay Rays selected Lowe in the third round, with the 87th overall selection, of the 2015 MLB draft. He recovered from his injury, debuting in 2016 with the Bowling Green Hot Rods. He finished the season batting .248, with five home runs and 42 RBIs in 107 games. Lowe started 2017 with the Charlotte Stone Crabs and was promoted to the Montgomery Biscuits during the season. With Charlotte he hit .311/.403/.524 with nine home runs and 46 RBIs in 90 games and was named the MVP of the Florida State League. With the Montgomery Biscuits, he slashed .253/.270/.389 in 23 games. After the season, he played in the Arizona Fall League and was selected to play in the Fall Stars Game. Lowe began the 2018 season with the Biscuits and also played for the Durham Bulls of the Class AAA International League. Lowe was named to the 2018 MLB Pipeline second team of the year after hitting .297/.391/.558 with 22 home runs in 380 at bats. Tampa Bay Rays 2018 The Rays promoted Lowe to the major leagues on August 4, 2018. Lowe recorded his first big league hit on August 15. His first career home run was on August 28. Lowe ended the 2018 season slashing .233/.324/.450 with six home runs and 25 runs batted in over 148 plate appearances. While spending majority of his time at second base, Lowe played 15 games in the outfield. 2019: All-Star season On March 20, 2019, Lowe signed a six-year contract extension, with two options, with the Rays for a", "title": "Brandon Lowe" }, { "docid": "48588917", "text": "Alexander Edward Young (born September 9, 1993) is an American professional baseball pitcher for the Cincinnati Reds of Major League Baseball (MLB). He played college baseball for Texas Christian University (TCU), and was drafted by the Arizona Diamondbacks in the second round of the 2015 MLB draft. He made his MLB debut in 2019 with the Diamondbacks, and has also played in MLB for the Cleveland Indians / Guardians and San Francisco Giants. Amateur career Young attended Carmel High School in Mundelein, Illinois. As a senior he was 7-1 and in 41 innings allowed 13 hits while striking out 71 batters, and was named a 2012 Louisville Slugger first-team All-American and the conference Player of the Year. He was drafted by the Texas Rangers in the 32nd round of the 2012 Major League Baseball draft, but did not sign. He attended Texas Christian University (TCU) to play college baseball. In 2014, he played collegiate summer baseball with the Falmouth Commodores of the Cape Cod Baseball League, was 3–0 with a 1.50 ERA, and was named a league all-star. After his junior year, when he was 9–3 with a 2.22 ERA in 97.1 innings, he was drafted by the Arizona Diamondbacks in the second round of the 2015 MLB draft. Professional career Arizona Diamondbacks Young signed with the Diamondbacks and made his professional debut with the Arizona League Diamondbacks, and after one scoreless appearance, he was promoted to the Hillsboro Hops where he finished the season, posting a 1.50 ERA in six innings. In 2016, Young played for both the Kane County Cougars and Visalia Rawhide, pitching to a combined 5–8 record, 3.56 ERA and 1.31 WHIP in 21 games (20 starts) between both teams. He spent 2017 with the Jackson Generals where he went 9–9 with a 3.68 ERA in 27 games (24 starts). He split 2018 with Jackson and the Reno Aces, pitching to a combined 10–5 record with a 5.17 ERA in 29 games (21 starts) between both teams. He opened the 2019 season back with Reno. On June 27, 2019, the Diamondbacks selected Young's contract and promoted him to the major leagues. He made his debut that night, pitching five innings and recording the win versus the San Francisco Giants. On July 7, Young pitched a no-hitter through 6 innings of play vs. the Colorado Rockies at that time he was lifted by Arizona manager Torey Lovullo. Torey said he wanted to protect Young with a limited pitch count, and this decision was met with a chorus of boos from the hometown fans. The D-backs still held on to win the game 5–3. On August 2, Young collected his first MLB hit, remarkably the Diamondbacks' sole hit in a 3–0 home loss to the Nationals. Young pitched the first six innings, giving up two runs on three hits and striking out nine. He ended the 2019 season with a record of 7–5 with an ERA of 3.56 in innings, in 17 games (15 starts). His fastball velocity", "title": "Alex Young (baseball)" }, { "docid": "8671767", "text": "The 2000-01 International Baseball League of Australia was the 2nd season of the League. The 2000-01 leagues was to consist of 3 parts; A traditional Claxton Shield Tournament, to be played in late December 2000, an All-Star game and an International Development League to be played exclusively on the Gold Coast at Palm Meadows and Carrara Oval from late November 2000 to late January 2001. Claxton Shield The 2000-01 Claxton Shield was to be held at Blacktown International Ballpark in the week after Christmas. The Tournament was canceled in early December due to the grounds being unfit for play. The timing of a Tournament was also unpopular with many of the players. All-Star Challenge The All-Star Challenge was scheduled for the Australia Day weekend 26–28 January 2001, it was to be held at Colonial Stadium, Melbourne. The weekend was to be contested by the Australia national baseball team and an All-Star team that was rumored to include MLB player Roberto Alomar. The game was canceled at the same time at the 2000-01 Claxton Shield. Development League The 2000–01 International Baseball League of Australia Development League season, also known as the Gold Coast League, was the first season the Development League was conducted. The League was held exclusively on the Gold Coast, and was contest between 4 teams, Australia, Taiwan, MLB All-Stars and Internationals. The league was held from 29 November 2000 to 20 January 2001, The one game Championship playoff was won by the IBLA Internationals on 21 January 2001. The Internationals defeated Australia 2–1. Teams Rosters The 2000–01 season involved four teams: IBLA Australia, IBLA Internationals, MLB Stars and the Taiwan national Baseball team. All teams played on a home and away basis at the same two venues. Venues Regular season The regular season fixture consisted of 78 games. Each team played each other on a home and away basis. Ladder Statistical leaders Postseason All games for the 2001 postseason were played at Palm Meadows on the Gold Coast. All finals were a 1-game play-off. Finals Series Winners of Game 1 and 2 went into Championship games, Losers of game 1 and 2 went into a playoff for 3rd. Game 1 1st vs 4th: 19 January 2001 Game 2 2nd vs 3rd: 19 January 2001 Game 3 Loser 1 vs Loser 2: 20 January 2001 Game 4 Championship Game: 21 January 2001 Awards Top Stats All-Star team References International Baseball League of Australia seasons International Baseball League of Australia season, 2000-2001 International Baseball League of Australia season, 2000-2001 International Baseball League of Australia season, 2000-2001 International Baseball League of Australia season, 2000-2001", "title": "2000–01 International Baseball League of Australia season" }, { "docid": "51538699", "text": "The 2017 Major League Baseball season began on April 2 with three games, including the 2016 World Series champions Chicago Cubs facing off against the St. Louis Cardinals, the regular season ended in late September. The postseason began on October 3. The World Series began October 24 and Game 7 was played on November 1, in which the Houston Astros defeated the Los Angeles Dodgers in seven games, to capture their first World Series championship in franchise history. The 88th Major League Baseball All-Star Game was held on July 11 at Marlins Park, the home of the Miami Marlins. For the first time since 2002 when the game ended in a tie, the All Star Game did not determine home field advantage for the World Series. Instead, home field advantage was awarded to the team with the better regular season record. The American League won 2–1 in 10 innings. After the 2019 season, Mike Fiers alleged that the 2017 Astros used technology to illicitly steal their opponents' signs and relay it to their hitters. The Astros used this method throughout the 2017 season, and part of the 2018 season. MLB and the Astros opened an investigation into this sign stealing allegation. MLB found the Astros used technology to cheat during their 2017 season and suspended Astros' manager A. J. Hinch and Astros' general manager Jeff Luhnow for one year; the Astros fired Luhnow and Hinch the same day. Alex Cora, who was the Astros bench coach in 2017 and the Red Sox manager from 2018 to 2019, parted ways with the Red Sox after the scandal broke. Schedule As has been the case since 2013, all teams played their four division opponents 19 times each for a total of 76 games. They played six or seven games against each of the other ten same-league opponents for a total of 66 games, and 20 inter-league games. The primary inter-league match-ups were AL East vs. NL Central, AL Central vs. NL West, and AL West vs. NL East. Teams also played four games against a designated interleague rival. On March 9, it was announced that the Pittsburgh Pirates and St. Louis Cardinals would play a game at the minor league BB&T Ballpark in Williamsport, Pennsylvania, on August 20. The game coincided with the Little League World Series, held annually in nearby South Williamsport, and was exclusively attended by Little League players and their families. Effect of Hurricanes Harvey and Irma As a consequence of Hurricane Harvey damaging the Houston area, the three-game Lone Star Series between the Texas Rangers and Houston Astros from August 29 to 31 was moved from Minute Maid Park to Tropicana Field in St. Petersburg, Florida. Although the Astros were the designated home team, they wore their away uniforms during the series while the Rangers wore their home uniforms. The Astros returned to Minute Maid Park for a three-game series with the New York Mets, beginning with a split doubleheader on September 2. The Tampa Bay Rays' three-game", "title": "2017 Major League Baseball season" }, { "docid": "63192249", "text": "The MLB London Series is an arrangement for Major League Baseball (MLB) to play select regular season games at London Stadium in London, England. The arrangement was initially for two years, 2019 and 2020, which was sponsored by Mitel and branded as Mitel & MLB Present London Series. The 2019 games were the first MLB contests ever played in Europe, and featured the Boston Red Sox hosting two games against the New York Yankees. Two games planned for 2020 between the St. Louis Cardinals and Chicago Cubs were cancelled due to the COVID-19 pandemic. In 2022, the arrangement between MLB and Greater London was renewed for games in 2023, 2024 and 2026. Beginning with the 2023 season, the series is branded as the MLB World Tour: London Series, reflecting the new \"MLB World Tour\" name applied to games played outside the U.S. and Canada. Background On May 8, 2018, MLB announced a two-year agreement to hold baseball games at London Stadium during the 2019 and 2020 seasons. At that time, outside of the contiguous United States and Canada, MLB had previously held regular season games in Australia, Japan, Mexico, and Puerto Rico, and previously held spring training games in China, but had never held any games in Europe. The National Football League (NFL) had similarly held regular-season games in London—primarily at Wembley Stadium—under the banner of the NFL London Games. The NFL developed a large fanbase in the United Kingdom, and as of 2018, the games at Wembley had attracted an average attendance of 85,031. The NBA similarly held games in London as part of its Global Games series. Kelhem Salter, MLB's director of growth and strategy in the EMEA region, noted that Europe was a \"key growth market\" for the league, and that Londoners were \"big event-goers\" and frequently sell-out events held there. Unlike the other countries where MLB has held international games, baseball is not as popular and established in the United Kingdom. Salter explained that the league wanted to differentiate its efforts in London from those of other leagues, by emphasizing a \"connection to culture and the culture of the specific cities that our teams represent\" to engage with new fans. In May 2018, the league began a year-long cultural program entitled \"The 108\" (referring to the number of stitches on a standard baseball) to promote the London games, encompassing a series of zines profiling MLB teams, as well as \"The 108 Sessions\" — a series of live concert events at local venues featuring acts representing the teams' cities. The campaign was designed to \"build a genuine dialogue and relationship with cultural scenes that reflect those of the MLB home cities.\" The inaugural series was played during the season between the Boston Red Sox and New York Yankees, longtime divisional rivals. A planned series in 2020 was canceled. On May 9, 2022, commissioner Rob Manfred and London mayor Sadiq Khan announced a long-term partnership between the league and the city including regular-season games in 2023, 2024 and", "title": "MLB London Series" }, { "docid": "47588288", "text": "Isan Xavier Díaz (born May 27, 1996) is a Puerto Rican professional baseball second baseman for the Lancaster Stormers of the Atlantic League of Professional Baseball. He has previously played in Major League Baseball (MLB) for the Miami Marlins, San Francisco Giants and Detroit Tigers. The Arizona Diamondbacks selected Díaz in the second round of the 2014 MLB draft. He made his MLB debut with the Marlins in 2019 and played for them until 2021. Early life Díaz is originally from Puerto Rico, but his family moved to Springfield, Massachusetts, when he was four years old. His father, Raul, played college baseball and instructed Isan as a child. Díaz attended Springfield Central High School in Springfield. He committed to attend Vanderbilt University to play college baseball for the Vanderbilt Commodores. Professional career Arizona Diamondbacks The Arizona Diamondbacks selected Díaz in the second round, with the 70th overall selection, of the 2014 Major League Baseball draft. Díaz signed with the Diamondbacks for a signing bonus of $750,000, rather than enroll at Vanderbilt. They assigned him to the Arizona League Diamondbacks in the Rookie-level Arizona League, where he posted a .187 average with three home runs and 21 RBI in 49 games. In 2015, Díaz played for the Missoula Osprey of the Rookie-level Pioneer League. He was named the Diamondbacks' Minor League Player of the Month for July, a mid-season and post-season Pioneer League All Star, and Most Valuable Player of the Pioneer League at the end of the season after leading the league with 25 doubles and batting .360(8th in the league)/.436(7th)/.640(2nd) in 272 at bats with 58 runs (2nd), 6 triple (5th), 13 home runs (2nd), 51 RBI (3rd), 12 stolen bases, 34 walks (7th), and a 1.076 OPS (2nd) in 68 games. MiLB.com named Diaz the Diamondbacks' Organization All-Star at shortstop, and Baseball America named him a Rookie All Star. Milwaukee Brewers On January 30, 2016, the Diamondbacks traded Díaz to the Milwaukee Brewers along with Chase Anderson, Aaron Hill, and cash considerations for Jean Segura and Tyler Wagner. Díaz spent the 2016 season with the Wisconsin Timber Rattlers of the Single–A Midwest League, where he hit .264 with a career high 20 home runs and 75 RBI in 135 games. He won the Brewers' organization's Minor League Player of the Year Award. He was also selected to play in the Arizona Fall League. Díaz spent the 2017 season playing for the Carolina Mudcats of the High–A Carolina League where he struggled, batting only .222 with 13 home runs and 54 RBI in 110 games. Miami Marlins On January 25, 2018, the Brewers traded Díaz to the Miami Marlins, along with Lewis Brinson, Monte Harrison and Jordan Yamamoto in exchange for Christian Yelich. MLB.com ranked him as Miami's eighth best prospect going into the 2018 season. Diaz began the season with Jacksonville Jumbo Shrimp of the Double–A Southern League and was promoted to the New Orleans Baby Cakes of the Triple–A Pacific Coast League in July. In 119 games", "title": "Isan Díaz" }, { "docid": "7887360", "text": "The MLB Japan All-Star Series is an irregular end-of-the-season tour of Japan made by an All-Star team from Major League Baseball (MLB) since 1986, contested in a best-of format against the All-Stars from Nippon Professional Baseball (NPB) or recently as of 2014 their national team Samurai Japan (SJP). The series has featured many great players, such as Nori Aoki, Barry Bonds, Ken Griffey Jr., Chase Utley, Ryan Howard, Hideki Matsui, Ichiro Suzuki, Shinnosuke Abe, David Ortiz, Sammy Sosa, Justin Morneau, David Wright, Jose Reyes, José Altuve, Robinson Canó and Manny Ramírez. In the beginning of all games the American, Canadian and Japanese national anthems are all played. Games can end in a tie if it persists through 12 innings, just as in NPB rules. List of series MLB vs. NPB (1986–2006) MLB vs. SJP (2014, 2018) The Japan All-Star Series was resumed in 2014 after an eight-year break. It was the outcome of discussions and attempts to realize the Global World Series. Katsuhiko Kumazaki, then the new Commissioner of NPB, decided to field the national team Samurai Japan, instead of a NPB All-Star line-up, for the 2014 series. Kumazaki saw in this series a big opportunity for the Japanese team to gain hugely useful experience for the 2017 World Baseball Classic. Samurai Japan won the best-of-five series by a margin of three games to two. Particularly noteworthy was a combined no-hitter by Samurai Japan in Game 3 as their pitchers shut out the MLB All-Stars 4–0. On May 1, 2018, MLB announced that it would send again an All-Star team to tour Japan after the end of current season, with six games scheduled against the Japan national team from November 9 to 15. See also List of Major League Baseball games played outside the United States and Canada References External links MLB-Japan Plays NPB International Plays (in japanese) Major League Baseball international baseball competitions Japan All-Star Series Baseball competitions in Japan Recurring sporting events established in 1986", "title": "MLB Japan All-Star Series" }, { "docid": "58756509", "text": "Skye Michael Bolt (born January 15, 1994) is an American professional baseball outfielder in the Atlanta Braves organization. The Oakland Athletics selected Bolt in the fourth round of the 2015 MLB draft, and he made his MLB debut with them in 2019. He has also played in Major League Baseball (MLB) for the San Francisco Giants. Early life Skye Bolt was born in Atlanta, Georgia. He got his name because his father wanted him to have a name that \"popped\". Career Amateur career Bolt attended Holy Innocents' Episcopal School in Atlanta, Georgia. He played center field for the school's baseball team, and had a .430 batting average in his senior year. The Washington Nationals selected Bolt in the 26th round of the 2012 MLB draft. He did not sign, and enrolled at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, where he played college baseball for the North Carolina Tar Heels. As a freshman, he was named Second Team All-Atlantic Coast Conference and a Freshman All-American. He also made USA Baseball's collegiate national baseball team. In 2014, Bolt played collegiate summer baseball with the Harwich Mariners of the Cape Cod Baseball League. Oakland Athletics The Oakland Athletics selected Bolt in the fourth round, with the 128th overall selection, of the 2015 MLB draft. He made his professional debut in 2015 with the Vermont Lake Monsters, hitting .238/.325/.381/.706 with 4 home runs and 19 RBIs. In 2016, he played for the Beloit Snappers, hitting .231/.318/.345/.663 with 5 home runs and 37 RBIs, and was a mid-season All Star. In 2017, he played for the Stockton Ports of the High–A California League, hitting .243/.327/.435/.762 with 76 runs (10th in the league), 7 triples (7th), 15 home runs, 53 walks (6th), and 66 RBIs, and was a mid-season All Star. In 2018, he began the season with the Midland RockHounds of the Double–A Texas League, but struggled and was sent down to Stockton, with whom he was a mid-season All Star. He was promoted back to Midland in June. For the week of July 30 through August 5, Bolt was the Texas League's Player of the Week. He hit a combined .260/.347/.474/.821 with 19 home runs, 19 stolen bases, and 69 RBIs during the 2018 season, and was an MiLB Organization All Star. After the season, the Athletics assigned him to the Mesa Solar Sox of the Arizona Fall League, with whom in 73 at bats he hit .247/.353/.493. Also, the Athletics added Bolt to their 40-man roster. In 2019, he began the season with the Las Vegas Aviators of the Triple–A Pacific Coast League, for whom that season he batted .269/.350/.459/.809 with 11 home runs and 61 RBIs. The Athletics promoted him to MLB on May 3, and he made his MLB debut that night. He had 10 MLB at-bats in 2019. Bolt did not appear in a game for the Athletics in the pandemic-shortened 2020 season. On April 1, 2021, Bolt was designated for assignment by Oakland. San Francisco Giants On", "title": "Skye Bolt" }, { "docid": "57464739", "text": "The 2018 MLB Japan All-Star Series was the twelfth edition of the MLB Japan All-Star Series, a best-of-six series between an All-Star team from Major League Baseball (MLB) and for the second time in series history, the Japanese national team, Samurai Japan won. The manager of Samurai Japan saw in this championship a big opportunity for Japan to gain momentum for the 2020 Olympics. History On May 1, 2018, MLB announced that it would send an all-star team to tour Japan after the end of the current season, with six games scheduled against a select Nippon Professional Baseball squad from November 9 to 15. On August 20, 2018, Samurai Japan announced that held one exhibition game against Chinese Taipei and five coaches and six selected players. On September 10, 2018, Major League Baseball Players Association and MLB announced the first eight selected MLB players. On October 9, Tomoyuki Sugano canceled his participation for Samurai Japan. On October 10, Samurai Japan announced all selected 28 players. On October 15, Chinese Taipei announced all selected 24 players. On October 18, 2018, Katsuki Azuma canceled his participation for Samurai Japan. On October 26, 2018, Taichi Ishiyama and Yoshitomo Tsutsugo canceled their participation for Samurai Japan. On October 29, 2018, Christian Yelich canceled his participation for MLB, Roster rules changed 28 to 29, announced all selected MLB players, and and canceled their participation for Chinese Taipei. On November 1, 2018, Takahiro Matsunaga canceled his participation for Samurai Japan. On November 2, 2018, Shuta Ishikawa canceled his participation for Samurai Japan, and Che-hsuan Lin canceled his participation for Chinese Taipei. On November 5, 2018, canceled his participation for Chinese Taipei. On November 16, 2018, Yomiuri Giants announced all selected players. For the first time, the MLB All-Star team stopped in Hawai'i en route to the Japan All-Star series. The 28 player team batted in two workout games in front of fans at Les Murakami Stadium on November 3 & 4, 2018. Results Exhibition Championship Rosters Live broadcasting TV Asahi, Nippon Television, Fuji TV, TBS, BS-TBS (Japan) MLB Network (US & Canada) References External links 2018 in Japanese sport 2018 in baseball MLB Japan All-Star Series MLB Japan All-Star Series Sports competitions in Tokyo Sports competitions in Hiroshima Sports competitions in Nagoya", "title": "2018 MLB Japan All-Star Series" }, { "docid": "7586731", "text": "Alfonso Márquez (born April 12, 1972) is a Mexican umpire in Major League Baseball (MLB) who worked in the National League in 1999 and has worked throughout both major leagues since 2000. He was promoted to crew chief for the 2020 season, becoming the first full time Latino-born crew chief. Márquez wears uniform number 72, a number he shared with friend and National Hockey League linesman Stéphane Provost. Early years Márquez graduated from Fullerton Union High School in Orange County, California, in 1990. Prior to working in MLB, Márquez umpired in the Arizona Fall League, Arizona Instructional League, Northwest League, Midwest League, California League, Southern League, and Pacific Coast League. MLB career Márquez worked his first MLB game on August 13, 1999, as the home plate umpire in the second game of a doubleheader between the Montreal Expos and Colorado Rockies. He was the first Mexican-born umpire in major league history. He worked 30 MLB games in his first season, and became a full-time MLB umpire in 2000; through the end of the 2016 season, he has umpired 2111 regular season MLB games and has issued 56 ejections. Notable games Márquez has officiated five World Series (2006, 2011, 2015, 2021, 2023), six League Championship Series (2003, 2008, 2013, 2016,2017, 2022), and 12 Division Series (2001, 2002, 2005, 2006, 2011, 2012, 2015, 2018, 2019, 2020, 2021, 2023), as well as the 2006 All-Star Game and 2018 All-Star Game. Márquez was at second base on August 7, 2004, for Greg Maddux's 300th win. Márquez was the third base umpire for the final Montreal Expos home game on September 29, 2004. The Florida Marlins defeated the Expos 9–1. On July 2, 2011, Márquez ejected both Toronto Blue Jays manager John Farrell and pitcher Jon Rauch. In the top of the 9th inning, with the Blue Jays down a run, Shane Victorino of the Philadelphia Phillies singled, driving in Chase Utley, who was called safe at home by Márquez; Rauch was ejected for arguing the call, and Farrell was ejected for unsportsmanlike conduct. This incident gained some notoriety because of the size of Rauch and his anger towards Márquez. Rauch, at a height of and weighing well over , had to be restrained by catcher J. P. Arencibia, Farrell, and third base coach Brian Butterfield. In the process, Rauch's jersey was ripped off and Farrell's jaw was dislocated by Rauch. Marquez was the umpire at third base for Miguel Cabrera's 3,000th career hit on April 23, 2022. Márquez was the first base umpire in a game on May 10, 2022 between the Toronto Blue Jays and New York Yankees, where Blue Jays pitcher Yimi García, who was just came into the game, gave up a game-tying three-run home run to Yankees batter Giancarlo Stanton in the bottom of the 6th. The next batter, Josh Donaldson, was hit by the pitch on a 0-1 count which made members of the Yankees mad. After a discussion by Márquez and his crew, Márquez threw out García with", "title": "Alfonso Márquez" }, { "docid": "32479798", "text": "Ryan William Cook (born June 30, 1987), nicknamed \"Cookie\", is an American former professional baseball pitcher. He played for the Arizona Diamondbacks, Oakland Athletics, Boston Red Sox and Seattle Mariners of Major League Baseball (MLB) and for the Yomiuri Giants of Nippon Professional Baseball (NPB). He was an MLB All-Star in 2012. Career Amateur Cook attended Clovis High School in Clovis, California, and the University of Southern California (USC), where he played college baseball for the USC Trojans baseball team. In 2007, he played collegiate summer baseball with the Brewster Whitecaps of the Cape Cod Baseball League. Arizona Diamondbacks The Arizona Diamondbacks selected Cook in the 27th round of the 2008 Major League Baseball draft. He was called up to the majors for the first time on July 20, 2011. Oakland Athletics On December 9, 2011, the Diamondbacks traded Cook, along with Jarrod Parker and Collin Cowgill, to the Oakland Athletics for Trevor Cahill and Craig Breslow. On April 27, 2012, against the Baltimore Orioles, Cook became the 61st player in MLB history to record four strikeouts in one inning. He was the Athletics' representative at the 2012 All-Star Game where he pitched a perfect seventh inning. In 2013, Cook repeated his 2012 performance by going 6–4 in 71 games. He had a 2.54 earned run average with 67 strikeouts in 67 innings pitched. Despite a pair of injuries during the 2014 season, Cook appeared in 54 games. Boston Red Sox On July 31, 2015, Cook was traded to the Boston Red Sox for a player to be named later. Chicago Cubs Cook was claimed off waivers by the Chicago Cubs on November 6, 2015, however his contract was non-tendered on December 2, 2015, making Cook a free agent. Seattle Mariners On January 7, 2016, Cook signed a one-year deal with the Seattle Mariners. He was outrighted to the minors on November 2, 2016. Cook missed the entire 2017 season after having Tommy John surgery. Cook began the 2018 season with the Triple-A Tacoma Rainiers and impressed with a 2.03 ERA and 17 strikeouts in 13.1 innings pitched. He was called up to the Mariners on May 17, 2018. Yomiuri Giants On December 29, 2018, Cook signed with the Yomiuri Giants of Nippon Professional Baseball (NPB). On December 2, 2019, he became a free agent. Miami Marlins On January 6, 2020, Cook signed a minor league deal with the Miami Marlins. Cook was released by the Marlins organization on July 20, 2020. See also List of Major League Baseball single-inning strikeout leaders References External links 1987 births Living people American expatriate baseball players in Japan American League All-Stars Arizona League Mariners players Arizona Diamondbacks players Boston Red Sox players Brewster Whitecaps players Major League Baseball pitchers Mobile BayBears players Nashville Sounds players Nippon Professional Baseball pitchers Oakland Athletics players Pawtucket Red Sox players Reno Aces players Seattle Mariners players South Bend Silver Hawks players Sportspeople from Clovis, California Baseball players from Fresno County, California Stockton Ports players Tacoma Rainiers players", "title": "Ryan Cook (baseball)" }, { "docid": "12179508", "text": "The Oregon State Beavers baseball team represents Oregon State University in NCAA Division I college baseball. The team participates in the Pac-12 Conference. They are currently coached by Mitch Canham and assistant coaches Ryan Gipson, Darwin Barney and Rich Dorman. They play home games in Goss Stadium at Coleman Field. The Beavers won the 2006, 2007 and 2018 College World Series to become the winningest collegiate baseball program in the Super Regionals era. In addition, the program has won 26 conference championships, qualified for 21 NCAA tournaments, and appeared in seven College World Series. With the Pac-12 baseball league ceasing to exist after the 2023-24 season, the Beavers will become a baseball Independent beginning in 2025. Head Coaches Records taken from the 2021 Oregon State baseball media guide. Facilities Goss Stadium at Coleman Field is the home of Oregon State Baseball and considered the oldest continuous ballpark in the nation. Stadium lights were added in 2002. In 2006, the infield was changed to an artificial turf surface while the outfield remained grass. In 2015, the Jacoby Ellsbury Players' Locker Room (in name of Jacoby Ellsbury who donated $1 million to the project) was completed down the third base line, which finished a string of upgrades to Goss Stadium, including installation of artificial turf over the entire playing area. Player Awards All-Americans Oregon State players have been named All-Americans 40 times, as of the end of the 2022 season. The university recognizes All-Americans as selected by the American Baseball Coaches Association, Baseball America magazine, the Collegiate Baseball Newspaper, College Baseball Foundation, D1Baseball.com, the National Collegiate Baseball Writers Association, Perfect Game, and USA Today/Sports Weekly. Key National Awards Conference Awards Other notable players Scott Anderson – MLB pitcher 1987-1995. Brian Barden – MLB infielder 2007-2010 and Olympic Bronze Medalist. Lute Barnes – MLB player 1972–1973. Darwin Barney – MLB Infielder 2010-2017 and 2012 Gold Glove Award winner. Bob Beall – MLB Infielder 1975–1980. Matthew Boyd - MLB Pitcher for Detroit Tigers 2015-present. Jamie Burke – MLB catcher 2001-2010. Mitch Canham - Oregon State Head Coach & 2007 All-American. Ed Coleman – MLB Outfielder 1932–1936. Michael Conforto – MLB outfielder for New York Mets and MLB All Star. 2015–present. Jeff Doyle – MLB Infielder 1983. Glenn Elliott – MLB Pitcher 1947–1949. Jacoby Ellsbury – MLB Outfielder 2007–2017, MLB All-Star, Silver Slugger Award, Gold Glove Award and 2x World Series Champion. Ken Forsch – MLB pitcher from 1970–1986 and 2x MLB All-Star Jace Fry - MLB Pitcher for Chicago White Sox 2017-present. Sam Gaviglio - MLB Pitcher 2017-present. Cole Gillespie - MLB Outfielder 2010-2016. Tyler Graham - MLB Outfielder 2012. Cadyn Grenier - 2018 MLB 1st Round Draft Pick Baltimore Orioles. Don Johnson – MLB player from 1943–1948 and 2x MLB All-Star. Eddie Kunz – MLB Pitcher 2008. Steven Kwan - MLB Outfielder 2022-present. Trevor Larnach - 2018 MLB 1st Round Draft Pick Minnesota Twins. John Leovich – MLB Catcher 1941. Steve Lyons – MLB Player from 1985–1993 & current television sportscaster. Nick Madrigal", "title": "Oregon State Beavers baseball" }, { "docid": "52151073", "text": "Brian Wade Anderson (born May 19, 1993) is an American professional baseball third baseman and right fielder in the Seattle Mariners organization. He has previously played in Major League Baseball (MLB) for the Miami Marlins and Milwaukee Brewers. He made his MLB debut in 2017 with the Marlins. Anderson played college baseball for the Arkansas Razorbacks. Amateur career Anderson attended Deer Creek High School in Edmond, Oklahoma and was drafted by the Minnesota Twins in the 20th round of the 2011 MLB draft. He did not sign with the Twins and enrolled at the University of Arkansas, where he played college baseball for the Arkansas Razorbacks. Anderson contributed as a freshman during the 2012 Razorbacks season. Anderson played 47 games, mixed among second base, third base, and right field for the Hogs, hitting .283 with 2 home runs and 11 RBI. The Razorbacks reached the 2012 College World Series and ended the season ranked #3 nationally. In 2013, he played collegiate summer baseball with the Hyannis Harbor Hawks of the Cape Cod Baseball League. During Anderson's junior season at Arkansas, the 2014 Razorbacks finished 40–25 and were eliminated in the NCAA tournament Regionals. Anderson hit .328 and played third base and right field. Professional career Miami Marlins Minor leagues After his junior year, the Miami Marlins selected Anderson in the third round of the 2014 MLB draft. Anderson made his professional debut with the Batavia Muckdogs of the Low–A New York-Penn League and was promoted to the Greensboro Grasshoppers of the Single–A South Atlantic League after 20 games. In 59 total games between the two teams, he slashed .300/.363/.496 with 11 home runs and 49 RBIs. In 2015, Anderson played for the Jupiter Hammerheads of the High–A Florida State League where he batted .235 with eight home runs and 62 RBIs in 132 games. After the regular season, he played in the Arizona Fall League. In 2016, Anderson played for both Jupiter and the Jacksonville Suns of the Double–A Southern League where he compiled a combined .265 batting average with 11 home runs, 65 RBIs, and 21 doubles in 135 games between the two teams. He was named the Marlins Minor League Player of the Year. He played in the Arizona Fall League after the season for the second consecutive year. In 2017, Anderson spent the season with both Jacksonville and the New Orleans Baby Cakes of the Triple–A International League, batting .275 with 22 home runs, 81 RBIs, and an .853 OPS in 120 games. Midway through the season, Anderson represented the Marlins in the 2017 All-Star Futures Game. Major Leagues On September 1, 2017, the Marlins promoted Anderson to MLB from New Orleans, and he made his MLB debut that day. In 2018, Anderson started the season with the Marlins at third base. He hit his first career home run on April 2, 2018, off Boston Red Sox pitcher Brian Johnson at Marlins Park. He led all Marlins players in games played (156), plate appearances (670) and runs", "title": "Brian Anderson (third baseman)" }, { "docid": "49284115", "text": "Drew Hamilton Jackson (born July 28, 1993) is an American former professional baseball shortstop. He played college baseball for Stanford University. The Seattle Mariners selected Jackson in the fifth round of the 2015 Major League Baseball (MLB) draft. He played in Major League Baseball (MLB) for the Baltimore Orioles and Oakland Athletics. Career Jackson attended Miramonte High School in Orinda, California. In 2011 he was first team all-Diablo Foothill Athletic League and won a Diablo Foothill Athletic League Golden Glove Award. In 2012 he was first team all-Diablo Foothill Athletic League, first team all-East Bay, and first team all-state. He batted .404 as a sophomore, .429 as a junior, and .439 as a senior. He then enrolled at Stanford University, and played college baseball for the Stanford Cardinal. In 2013 and 2014, he played collegiate summer baseball with the Cotuit Kettleers of the Cape Cod Baseball League. Cotuit won the Championship in 2013. In 2015, Drew batted .320/.396/.388 and was the MVP of the team and All Pac-12. Seattle Mariners The Seattle Mariners selected Jackson in the fifth round of the 2015 Major League Baseball (MLB) draft. He signed and played for the Everett AquaSox of the Class A-Short Season Northwest League. He was named the league's Most Valuable Player after he slashed .358(2nd in the Northwest League)/.432(2nd)/.447 in 226 at bats with 64 runs (1st), two home runs, 26 RBIs, 7 sacrifice hits (3rd), and 47 stolen bases (1st) in 51 attempts, while playing shortstop in 59 games. He was also a mid-season All-Star, a post-season All-Star, a Baseball America Short-Season All-Star, named by Baseball America as the 5th-best prospect in the NWL, named to the NWL All-Star team as the starting shortstop, and named an MiLB.com Organization All-Star. Jackson spent the 2016 season with the Bakersfield Blaze of the Class A-Advanced California League. With them he batted .258/.332/.345 in 524 at bats with 87 runs (3rd in the California League), six home runs, 47 RBIs, 9 sacrifice hits (3rd), and 16 stolen bases, while playing shortstop. Los Angeles Dodgers On March 1, 2017, the Mariners traded Jackson and Aneurys Zabala to the Los Angeles Dodgers for Chase De Jong. The Dodgers assigned him to the Rancho Cucamonga Quakes of the California League, where he played in 66 games, batting .254/.367/.429 with eight home runs and 30 RBIs before his promotion to the Tulsa Drillers of the Class AA Texas League, where he finished the season, hitting .234/.346/.324 with one home run and ten RBIs in 29 games. In 2018, he was named to represent the Drillers at the mid-season Texas League All-Star Game. In 2018 with Tulsa he batted .252/.356/.447 with 15 home runs, 13 hit by pitch (3rd in the league), 6 sacrifice hits (4th), and 22 stolen bases (9th). Baltimore Orioles The Philadelphia Phillies selected Jackson in the Rule 5 Draft on December 13, 2018, and traded him that day to the Baltimore Orioles in exchange for international bonus slot money. During spring training in 2019,", "title": "Drew Jackson" }, { "docid": "56049215", "text": "Víctor José Reyes (born October 5, 1994) is a Venezuelan professional baseball outfielder for the Lotte Giants of the KBO League. He has previously played in Major League Baseball (MLB) for the Detroit Tigers. He made his MLB debut in 2018. Career Atlanta Braves The Atlanta Braves signed Reyes as an international free agent in July 2011. He made his professional debut in 2012 with the DSL Braves where he batted .296 with 33 runs batted in (RBIs) and 12 stolen bases in 52 games. He spent 2013 with both the Gulf Coast League Braves and Danville Braves, slashing .342/.387/.409 with 25 RBIs in 49 games, and 2014 with the Rome Braves where he compiled a .259 batting average with 34 RBIs in 89 games. Arizona Diamondbacks In April 2015, the Braves traded Reyes to the Arizona Diamondbacks for the 75th pick in the 2015 MLB draft. This draft pick was used by the Braves to select pitcher A.J. Minter. Arizona assigned Reyes to the Kane County Cougars and he spent the whole season there, slashing .311/.343/.389 with two home runs and 59 RBIs in 121 games. In 2016, he played for the Visalia Rawhide where he batted .303 with six home runs and 54 RBIs in 124 games, and in 2017, he played with the Jackson Generals where he hit .292 with four home runs, 51 RBIs, 29 doubles, 59 runs scored, and 18 stolen bases. After the 2017 season, he played for the Salt River Rafters of the Arizona Fall League, where he hit .316 and scored eight runs and was selected to the Arizona Fall League's Rising Stars Team. Detroit Tigers On December 14, 2017, the Detroit Tigers selected Reyes from the Arizona Diamondbacks organization with the first selection of the 2017 Rule 5 draft. Reyes made the Tigers' 2018 Opening Day 25-man roster. Reyes made his major league debut with the Tigers on April 1, but left the game early after a spike cut his arm. Through the first half of the season, Reyes played sparingly, primarily serving as a pinch runner for Víctor Martínez or as a late-inning defensive replacement. Through the 2018 All-Star break, Reyes was hitting .221 in only 96 plate appearances. On September 2, Reyes hit his first career major league home run, a solo shot off Sonny Gray of the New York Yankees. Reyes also went 4-for-5 in the contest for his first career four-hit game. He would finish the 2018 season hitting .222 with 1 home run in 212 at-bats. He also stole 9 bases in 10 attempts. On March 14, 2019 the Tigers sent Reyes to the Toledo Mud Hens to begin the 2019 season. After hitting .302 in Toledo with nine home runs and 55 RBIs in 65 games, Reyes was recalled to the Tigers on July 4. In 276 at-bats for the Tigers, Reyes hit .304 with three home runs and 25 RBIs. In the shortened 2020 season, Reyes primarily batted leadoff for the Tigers. In 57", "title": "Víctor Reyes" }, { "docid": "22389849", "text": "is a Japanese former professional baseball pitcher. He played in Nippon Professional Baseball (NPB) for the Yokohama BayStars/Yokohama DeNA BayStars and Yomiuri Giants, and in Major League Baseball (MLB) for the Toronto Blue Jays. He is the first Japanese player to make his MLB debut with the Blue Jays, and also the first MLB player who had never played for any baseball teams in the United States. Career Yokohama DeNA BayStars The Yokohama BayStars selected Yamaguchi in the first round in the 2005 Nippon Professional Baseball draft. He began his professional career with the Yokohama BayStars in 2006. In 2007, Yamaguchi recorded a 6.30 ERA in only 6 appearances for the main club. He improved in 2008, registering a stellar 0.76 ERA across 16 appearances. In 2009, he pitched in 51 games, recording a 5–4 record and 3.27 ERA. In 2010, Yamaguchi pitched to a 2.62 ERA with 78 strikeouts in 68.2 innings pitched, earning all-star honors for the first time. In 2011, he logged a 2.49 ERA with 48 strikeouts in 61.1 innings of work, and notched his second all-star selection. The next year, Yamaguchi pitched to a neat 1.74 ERA with 62 strikeouts in 60 games. He struggled in 2013, however, notching a 5.40 ERA across 44 appearances. He improved his performance the next year, recording a 8–5 record and 2.90 ERA in 33 games for Yokohama. In 2015, Yamaguchi pitched to a 3–6 record and 4.49 ERA in 20 appearances for the BayStars. In 2016, Yamaguchi earned all-star honors for the third time, notching an 11-5 record and 2.86 ERA on the year. He became a free agent after the season. Yomiuri Giants Yamaguchi signed with Yomiuri Giants in 2017 for the ensuing season. On the year, he logged a 6.43 ERA in only 4 games. On July 27, 2018, Yamaguchi threw a no-hitter against the Chunichi Dragons. On the season, he recorded a 3.68 ERA and 9-9 record in 30 games for Yomiuri. In 2019, he posted a 15–4 record (.789 winning percentage) that led Japan's Central League, along with a 2.91 ERA and 188 strikeouts over 170 innings. After the season, on October 1, 2019, he was selected for the Japan national baseball team at the 2019 WBSC Premier12. After the 2019 WBSC Premier12, on November 18, 2019, Giants held a press conference announcing the team has allowed Yamaguchi to enter the posting system to play in Major League Baseball (MLB). Paperwork for the posting was completed on December 3, 2019, and Yamaguchi became the first player in Giants history to be posted. Toronto Blue Jays On December 28, 2019, Yamaguchi signed a two-year, $6.35 million contract with the Toronto Blue Jays. On January 15, 2020, he held a press conference in Toronto. After the press conference, he stayed in Toronto, and attended a fan meeting. On March 26, he returned to Japan due to the COVID-19 pandemic. He returned to Toronto after the MLB announcement of the 2020 regular season. Yamaguchi was issued uniform", "title": "Shun Yamaguchi" }, { "docid": "8408123", "text": "The 1933 Major League Baseball All-Star Game was the first edition of the All-Star Game known as the \"Midsummer Classic\". This was the first official playing of the midseason exhibition baseball game between Major League Baseball's (MLB's) National League (NL) and American League (AL) All-Star teams. The game was held on July 6, 1933, at Comiskey Park in Chicago, Illinois, the home of the AL's Chicago White Sox. The game resulted in the AL defeating the NL, 4–2, in two hours and five minutes. The first official All-Star Game came 22 years after the Addie Joss Benefit Game of July 24, 1911, when the American League's Cleveland Naps faced a team of all-stars from other American League teams at League Park in Cleveland, Ohio; the game was won by the all-star squad, 5–3. History The first official MLB All-Star exhibition game on July 6, 1933, was held at Comiskey Park (1910–1990) and was part of the 1933 Chicago World's Fair during the city's centennial. The 1933 MLB All-Star Game was the idea of Arch Ward, the sports editor of the Chicago Tribune, after the Mayor of Chicago, Edward J. Kelly, had first approached the Tribune's publisher for a major sport event. The game was intended to be a one-time event to boost morale during the Great Depression. Ward decided that the fans would select the starting nine players and the managers the other nine players for each of the NL and AL All-Star teams. The Tribune called it the \"Game of the Century\", and 55 newspapers across the country printed the fans' ballots in their papers. The Tribune estimated the game's attendance on July 6, 1933, at 49,000. The proceeds ($45,000, net gate receipts) from the game went to a charity for disabled and needy major league players. The All-Star Game would afterwards be known as MLB's \"Midsummer Classic\". The legendary baseball player Babe Ruth of the Yankees highlighted the game by hitting a two-run home run to right field in the bottom of the third inning and catching a fly ball up against the scoreboard in right-center field in the top of the eighth inning. Ruth was greeted at home plate by the AL/Chicago White Sox batboy John McBride and teammate Lou Gehrig. Twenty of the game's thirty-six All-Stars including Ruth would later be inducted into the National Baseball Hall of Fame at Cooperstown, New York. Both the game's managers, five out of six coaches, and two out of the four umpires on the field that day would also be future Hall of Famers. Two AL All-Stars were White Sox players, starting third baseman Jimmy Dykes and starting center fielder Al Simmons. Yankee Lefty Gomez was the winning pitcher for the American League. The NL team wore specially made gray uniforms and navy blue caps with \"National League\" in navy blue felt letters on the front of the jersey, a large navy blue felt number on the back and \"NL\" in white letters printed on the navy caps. The", "title": "1933 Major League Baseball All-Star Game" }, { "docid": "32993515", "text": "Dylan Davis Haines Axelrod (born July 30, 1985) is an American pitching performance and integration coordinator for the Detroit Tigers. He is also a former professional baseball pitcher, as well as a former pitcher for Team Israel. He played in Major League Baseball (MLB) for the Chicago White Sox and the Cincinnati Reds. At Santa Barbara High School, Axelrod was the 2003 Channel League Most Valuable Player, and First Team All-County. After college, he was drafted in the 30th round of the 2007 MLB Draft by the San Diego Padres. In 2009, he was a Frontier League All Star. In 2011, he was named a AA Southern League All-Star and an MiLB.com 2011 Cincinnati Reds Organization All Star. He has pitched in the major leagues for the Chicago White Sox (2011–13) and the Cincinnati Reds (2014–15). Early life Axelrod was born in Santa Barbara, California, to Dennis and Joni Axelrod. After his mother discovered she had cancer, she home-schooled him for four years. She died on his 10th birthday, in 1995. His grandmother Lula Axelrod kept score at his games from PONY League through college, until she died at the age of 90. His paternal grandfather Sol Axelrod died before he was born. He has a brother, named Aaron. High school and college He had a 13–1 record as a pitcher his senior year at Santa Barbara High School, where Axelrod was named team Most Valuable Player (MVP). He was 2003 Channel League MVP, and First Team All-County. He was undrafted out of high school. The Santa Barbara Athletic Round Table held inducted Axelrod into its Hall of Fame in 2018. Axelrod went on to Santa Barbara City College (SBCC). He played college baseball there in 2004 and 2005, had a school-record 117 strikeouts in 2004, and was named Outstanding Pitcher. After two years at SBCC, Axelrod transferred to University of California, Irvine (UC Irvine), where he played for the Anteaters from 2006 to 2007. He was a reliever with UC Irvine, and was seventh in the Big West Conference in appearances in 2006 with 28 and had a 3–3 record with a 4.59 ERA. He played for the Santa Barbara Foresters in the California Collegiate League (CCL) during the summer of 2006, and the team won the National Baseball Congress World Series title as he went 5–0 with a 2.01 ERA. He recorded 34 appearances (leading the league) in 2007, and went 6–4 with a 3.96 ERA, striking out 79 in 72.2 innings. In February 2014 he was inducted into the Foresters Hall of Fame. Axelrod was drafted in the 30th round, 927th overall, of the 2007 MLB Draft by the San Diego Padres. Minor leagues Axelrod debuted in 2007 with the Arizona League Padres of the Rookie Arizona League, going 0–2 with 2 saves in 11 games exclusively as a reliever with a 5.40 ERA, before earning a promotion to the Fort Wayne Wizards of the A Midwest League, where in 10 games out of the pen he", "title": "Dylan Axelrod" }, { "docid": "14278589", "text": "The first All-Star Game was held as part of the 1933 World's Fair at Comiskey Park and was the brainchild of Arch Ward, then sports editor for the Chicago Tribune. Initially intended to be a one-time event, its great success resulted in making the game an annual event, with some years (1959–1962) having two All-Star Games. Venue selection The venue for each All-Star Game is chosen by an MLB selection committee. This choice may be made to commemorate a particular historical occasion, the opening of a new ballpark, or a significant milestone. The criteria for choosing the venue are subjective; for the most part, cities with new parks and cities who have not hosted the game in a long time or ever tend to be favored. The venues among the major league franchises: between 1964 and 2015, five teams hosted three times, 13 teams twice, ten teams once, and two teams not at all. The \"home team\" is the league in which the host franchise plays its games. Through the 2023 season, the American League has hosted 45 times, and the National League has hosted 48 times. Traditionally, the game alternates between the two leagues from year to year with ten exceptions: 1950–1951 (American League) 1952–1953 (National League) 1959 both games (National League) 1960 both games (American League) 1961 second game – 1962 first game (American League) 2006–2007 (National League) 2017–2018 (National League) 2021–2022 (National League) 2023–2024 (American League) 2025–2026 (National League) This tradition was discontinued after the 2015 game. As of 2023, one Major League Baseball franchise has never hosted an All-Star Game: the Tampa Bay Rays. The Miami Marlins hosted for the first time in 2017 following the 2012 opening of Marlins Park, although Miami was initially scheduled to host in 2000, MLB eventually moved the game to Atlanta. All-Star games have been played in D.C., hosted by both incarnations of the Washington Senators (now known as the Minnesota Twins and as the Texas Rangers), as well as by the Washington Nationals in 2018. Of the remaining 27 franchises, the New York Mets had gone the longest period without hosting since their sole hosting duty in 1964, but this streak came to an end at 49 years in 2013. During that span, 18 of the remaining 25 teams have hosted an All-Star Game at least twice since 1964: Atlanta Braves (1972, 2000) Chicago White Sox (1983 and 2003), Cincinnati Reds (1970, 1988, and 2015), Cleveland Indians (1981, 1997, 2019), Detroit Tigers (1971 and 2005), Houston Astros (1968, 1986, and 2004), Kansas City Royals (1973 and 2012), Los Angeles Angels (1967, 1989, and 2010), Milwaukee Brewers (1975 and 2002), Minnesota Twins (1965, 1985, and 2014), New York Yankees (1977 and 2008), Philadelphia Phillies (1976 and 1996), Pittsburgh Pirates (1974, 1994, and 2006), San Diego Padres (1978, 1992, and 2016), San Francisco Giants (1984 and 2007), Seattle Mariners (1979 and 2001), St. Louis Cardinals (1966 and 2009), and Washington Senators/Texas Rangers (1969 and 1995). The Oakland Athletics are now the", "title": "List of Major League Baseball All-Star Game venues" }, { "docid": "47714267", "text": "Domingo Antonio Acevedo (born March 6, 1994) is a Dominican professional baseball pitcher for the Charros de Jalisco of the Mexican League. Listed at and , he throws and bats right-handed. For a few hours on July 21, 2018, Acevedo was on the New York Yankees’ active roster, but did not appear in a game, earning him the distinction of being a “phantom ballplayer”, a distinction which he held until his Major League Baseball (MLB) debut in 2021. He has previously played in MLB for the Oakland Athletics. Career New York Yankees Acevedo signed with the New York Yankees as an international free agent in 2012 for a $7,500 signing bonus. He made his professional debut in 2013 with the Dominican Summer League Yankees where he had a 1–2 win–loss record and a 2.63 earned run average (ERA) in 11 games (ten starts) and spent 2014 with the Gulf Coast Yankees where he pitched to a 0–1 record and 4.11 ERA in only five starts. Acevedo started 2015 with the Charleston RiverDogs, making one start before going on the disabled list. When he returned from injury he was sent to the Staten Island Yankees. In 12 starts between the two teams he compiled a 3–0 record, 1.81 ERA, and 1.11 WHIP. He started 2016 with Charleston, and later joined the Tampa Yankees. He finished 2016 with a 5–4 record and a 2.61 ERA in 18 combined starts between the two teams. Acevedo began the 2017 season with Tampa and was promoted to the Trenton Thunder and Scranton/Wilkes-Barre RailRiders throughout the season. He appeared in the 2017 All-Star Futures Game. In 23 combined starts between Tampa, Trenton and Scranton/Wilkes-Barre Acevedo was 6–6 with a 3.25 ERA. The Yankees added him to their 40-man roster after the season. In 2018, Acevedo began the season with Trenton. He spent six weeks on the disabled list due to a blister. The Yankees promoted him to the major leagues on July 21, but in only a few hours, he was optioned back to Double-A. He finished the year with a 3–3 record and 2.99 ERA between Staten Island and Scranton. Acevedo was released by the Yankees organization on August 23, 2019. He re-signed on a minor league deal on August 26. He finished the year with an 8–1 record and 4.35 ERA in innings between Scranton and Trenton. Acevedo did not play in a game in 2020 due to the cancellation of the minor league season because of the COVID-19 pandemic. On November 2, 2020, he elected free agency. Oakland Athletics On November 16, 2020, Acevedo signed a minor league contract with the Oakland Athletics organization. He was assigned to the Triple-A Las Vegas Aviators to begin the year, and recorded a 2.76 ERA with 27 strikeouts in innings pitched. On June 21, 2021, Acevedo was selected to the 40-man roster and promoted to the major leagues. He made his MLB debut that day, pitching a scoreless inning of relief against the Texas Rangers. In", "title": "Domingo Acevedo" }, { "docid": "33056422", "text": "In baseball, hitting for the cycle is the accomplishment of one batter who hits a single, a double, a triple, and a home run in the same game. Collecting the hits in that order is known as a \"natural cycle\". Cycles are rare in Major League Baseball (MLB), having occurred only 344 times, starting with Curry Foley in 1882. The most recent cycle in MLB was accomplished by José Altuve of the Houston Astros on August 28, 2023. Rarity The cycle is about as uncommon as a no-hitter; it has been called \"one of the rarest\" and \"most difficult feats\" in baseball. Based on 2009 offensive levels, the probability of an average MLB player hitting for a cycle against an average team in a game is about 0.0059%; this corresponds to about 2 cycles in a 162-game season with 30 teams. The most cycles hit in a single major league season is eight, which occurred in both 1933 and 2009. In other baseball leagues, the cycle is achieved less frequently. Through June 2022, there have been 76 cycles hit in Nippon Professional Baseball (NPB), the top-level baseball organization in Japan, most recently by Yasutaka Shiomi on September 18, 2021. One NPB player, Atsuya Furuta, has hit for the cycle in an NPB All-Star game. No player has ever hit for the cycle in the MLB All-Star Game. One MLB player has hit for the cycle in a postseason game: Brock Holt of the Boston Red Sox in Game 3 of the 2018 ALDS. Two players have hit for the cycle on the same day once in NPB history; this has occurred twice in MLB history. There have never been multiple cycles completed in a single MLB or NPB game; this is known to have occurred twice in Minor League Baseball: on April 11, 2018, by Gio Brusa and Jalen Miller of the Class A-Advanced San Jose Giants, and on August 7, 2018, by Kevin Newman and Jacob Stallings of the Triple-A Indianapolis Indians. Components Single Under Major League Baseball Rule 6.09(a), the \"batter becomes a runner when he hits a fair ball\". The single—in which the batter reaches first base without being put out, and without the benefit of a fielding error—is the most common type of hit in baseball: for example, there were 25,838 singles hit during the 1988 MLB season, compared to 6,386 doubles, 840 triples, or 3,180 home runs. The MLB leader in singles is Pete Rose, who is also the league's all-time hit leader. The single-season leader in singles is Ichiro Suzuki, who broke Willie Keeler's 106-year-old record in 2004 by notching 225, 19 more than the previous record. None of the top five players in singles (Rose, Ty Cobb, Eddie Collins, Cap Anson, and Keeler) in MLB history have hit for the cycle; of those five, only Rose had more than 150 home runs, and two (Collins and Keeler), who both played during the dead-ball era, had fewer than 50, lessening the probability of their", "title": "Hitting for the cycle" }, { "docid": "4313040", "text": "Nicholas William Markakis ( ) (born November 17, 1983) is a Greek-American former professional baseball right fielder. He played in Major League Baseball (MLB) for 15 seasons for the Baltimore Orioles and Atlanta Braves. Markakis was the Orioles' first-round draft pick (seventh overall) in the 2003 Major League Baseball Draft, and made his MLB debut in 2006. Markakis is a three-time Gold Glove Award winner, and he won a Silver Slugger Award and was named an MLB All-Star in 2018. Markakis previously held the MLB record for consecutive games by an outfielder without making an error (398). Markakis retired prior to the start of the 2021 season. Early life Markakis was born in Glen Cove, New York, but moved to Woodstock, Georgia, when his family—which includes his parents, Dennis and Mary Lou, and his brothers Dennis, Greg, and Michael—relocated. He is of Greek and German descent. Collegiate and Olympic career Markakis was originally drafted in the 35th round (1,056th overall) of the 2001 MLB draft by the Cincinnati Reds, from Woodstock High School in Woodstock, Georgia, but did not sign. Markakis instead attended Young Harris College, where he played college baseball for the Young Harris Mountain Lions baseball team. The Reds drafted him again in the 23rd round (675th overall) of the 2002 MLB draft, but he returned to Young Harris. Markakis played as both an outfielder and a pitcher, hitting .439 with 21 home runs and 92 runs batted in (RBIs), while also garnering a 12–0 win–loss record as a pitcher with one save and a 1.68 earned run average in 15 games. He was twice named Georgia Junior College Player of the Year, was awarded Baseball America'''s 2002 National JUCO Player of the Year and was named the American Baseball Coaches Association's 2003 NJCAA Division I Player of the Year. In August 2003, Markakis played for the Greek national baseball team in the European National Championships, winning a silver medal with Team Greece. He also played for the Greek national baseball team in the 2004 Olympic Games in Athens, Greece. Professional career Baltimore Orioles Minor leagues Markakis was drafted by the Orioles in the first round (seventh overall) of the 2003 Major League Baseball Draft. Owning a fastball that was clocked as high as 96 miles per hour, Markakis was widely viewed as a pitching prospect, but the Orioles preferred his potential as a hitter. Markakis spent his first professional season with the Single-A Aberdeen IronBirds in 2003, batting .283 with a home run and 28 RBI in 59 games. He played in 96 games with the Single-A Delmarva Shorebirds in 2004, where he hit .299 with 11 homers and led the team with 64 RBIs despite missing the last month of the season playing for Greece in the Olympics. In 2005, Markakis started the year with the Single-A Frederick Keys and was named the top Orioles prospect by Baseball America. He won the Carolina/California League All-Star Game Home Run Derby, and followed that up by being named", "title": "Nick Markakis" }, { "docid": "33254806", "text": "MLB International is a division of Major League Baseball primarily responsible for international broadcasts of games. In partnership with DirecTV and MLB Network, it produces and syndicates the All-Star Game, and the World Series, as well as the Caribbean Series, the Australian Baseball League Championship Series and the World Baseball Classic to broadcasters in over 200 countries, and the American Forces Network for U.S. military troops abroad. It previously broadcast the NLCS and ALCS, alternating between the two each year. MLB International broadcasts content that shows baseball in a local context, e.g. sneaker shopping in Japan or baseball games in India, and explains concepts and rules of baseball to viewers who may not be familiar with the sport. Commentators From until and again starting in 2010, Gary Thorne served as the play-by-play man for the World Series on Armed Forces Radio and MLB International. Dave O'Brien provided commentary for MLB International's coverage of the World Series from 2004 until 2009. O'Brien teamed with his usual ESPN partner Rick Sutcliffe on broadcasts of the World Series and the American League Championship Series for MLB International. From 1996 to 2002, and 2010-2014, MLB International broadcast the League Championship Series alternately, with the American League Championship Series in even-numbered years and the National League Championship Series in odd-numbered years. Since 2015, production of the MLB International broadcasts has been assumed by the MLB Network. Matt Vasgersian (formerly of ESPN Sunday Night Baseball and today part of Fox Sports) in addition to the MLB Network, also current play-by-play television announcer for the Los Angeles Angels (AL) and former play-by-play television announcer for the San Diego Padres (NL)) has served as the play-by-play commentator; for the 2016 World Series onward, he was joined by Buck Martinez (play-by-play analyst of the Toronto Blue Jays for Sportsnet—which has carried the world feeds due to his involvement, and former color commentator for TBS) on color. Since 2018, with Matt now with ESPN part-time in addition to his MLB Network duties, Buck was joined for the All-Star Game duties by former Sunday Night Baseball voice Dan Shulman (who calls play-by-play on selected Blue Jays games on Sportsnet with Martinez on color). In 2021, MLB Network's Scott Braun assumed the post as the main play-by-play announcer for MLB International's broadcasts. He was replaced in 2022 by Jason Benetti (NBC Sports Chicago) for the English-language international MLB All-Star Game coverage and Dave Flemming (NBC Sports Bay Area, KNBR) for the global World Series coverage. Commentator pairings Gary Thorne and Ken Singleton (All-Star Game, League Championship Series and the World Series, 1996–2003) Dave O'Brien and Rick Sutcliffe (All-Star Game, ALCS and the World Series, 2004–2009) Gary Thorne and Rick Sutcliffe (All-Star Game, League Championship Series and the World Series, 2010–2014) Matt Vasgersian and John Smoltz (All-Star Game and the World Series, 2015) Matt Vasgersian and Mark DeRosa (All-Star Game only, 2016) Matt Vasgersian and Buck Martinez (All-Star Game, 2017, World Series, 2016-2020) Paul Severino and Joe Magrane (World Baseball Classic Pool A", "title": "MLB International" }, { "docid": "54457634", "text": "Sean Michael Murphy (born October 4, 1994) is an American professional baseball catcher for the Atlanta Braves of Major League Baseball (MLB). He was drafted by the Oakland Athletics in the third round of the 2016 MLB draft. Murphy made his MLB debut in 2019 with the Athletics and won a Gold Glove Award in 2021. In 2023, his first year with Atlanta, he made his first All-Star Game. Amateur career Murphy attended Centerville High School in Centerville, Ohio, and Wright State University, where he played college baseball for the Wright State Raiders. In 2015, he played collegiate summer baseball with the Orleans Firebirds of the Cape Cod Baseball League, and was named a league all-star. He was drafted by the Oakland Athletics in the third round of the 2016 Major League Baseball draft. Professional career Oakland Athletics Murphy made his professional debut with the Arizona League Athletics, playing one game with them, before being promoted to the Vermont Lake Monsters. He batted .237 with two home runs and seven RBIs in 22 games with Vermont. He started 2017 with the Stockton Ports and was promoted to the Midland RockHounds in June; he batted a combined .250 with 13 home runs and 48 RBIs in 98 games between the two teams. In 2018, he spent the majority of the year with Midland, slashing .288/.358/.498 with eight home runs and 43 RBIs in 68 games. He also played in three games for the Nashville Sounds at the end of the year. He began 2019 with the Las Vegas Aviators where he hit the first home run in Las Vegas Ballpark history. On September 1, 2019, the Athletics selected Murphy's contract and promoted him to the major leagues. On September 4, in his MLB debut, Murphy hit his first career home run for his first hit against Jake Jewell. In 2020, Murphy played the majority of the season as the A's catcher, playing in 43 games. He hit .233 with 7 home runs and 14 RBI. Murphy was awarded the Gold Glove Award on November 7, 2021. Atlanta Braves On December 12, 2022, the Athletics traded Murphy to the Atlanta Braves in a three-team trade, in which the Athletics acquired pitchers Kyle Muller and Freddy Tarnok, along with catcher Manny Piña and minor league pitcher Royber Salinas from the Braves and utility player Esteury Ruiz from the Milwaukee Brewers. The Brewers also acquired William Contreras and Justin Yeager from the Braves. Murphy and the Braves signed a six-year contract extension worth $73 million and a club option for the 2029 season. Murphy was named as an all-star for the first time as a starting catcher for the National League in the 2023 Major League Baseball All-Star Game. Murphy finished the 2023 season batting .251/.365/.478 with 21 home runs and 68 RBIs, both of which were career-highs. On March 30, 2024, during the first game of the 2024 season, Murphy suffered a left oblique strain after swinging at a pitch and was subsequently", "title": "Sean Murphy (baseball)" }, { "docid": "1657540", "text": "The Princeton Rays were a Minor League Baseball team in Princeton, West Virginia, operating as an Advanced Rookie-level team in the Appalachian League. The team was affiliated with several Major League Baseball (MLB) franchises, primarily the Tampa Bay Rays. History The Princeton franchise began play in the Appalachian League in 1988 and was first affiliated with the Pittsburgh Pirates for two seasons. The team was next a cooperative for the 1990 season, known as the Princeton Patriots, and was then affiliated with the Cincinnati Reds from 1991 to 1996. The team's final affiliation was with the Tampa Bay Devil Rays/Rays from 1997 to 2020. After being known as the Princeton Devil Rays during the 1997–2008 seasons, the team announced on December 2, 2008, that they would update their name, logo, colors, and uniforms as their parent club had done the previous year. Through completion of the 2012 season, the franchise had seen 57 former players move on to play in Major League Baseball, including: Brandon Backe, Rocco Baldelli, Carl Crawford, Jonny Gomes, Josh Hamilton, Seth McClung, Pokey Reese, Matt Moore, Wade Davis, Desmond Jennings, Jeremy Hellickson, Jason Hammel, and Jared Sandberg. NFL quarterback Doug Johnson and NBA referee David Guthrie also played professional baseball for Princeton teams, in 1997 and 1995, respectively. The team was operated on a not-for-profit basis. The Princeton Rays played their home games at H. P. Hunnicutt Field, which originally opened in 1988 (and was completely rebuilt in 2000 on the same site) and held 1,950 fans. The team played an annual 68-game schedule that traditionally extended from mid-June through the end of August. The start of the 2020 season was postponed due to the COVID-19 pandemic before ultimately being cancelled on June 30. In conjunction with a reorganization of Minor League Baseball beginning with the 2021 season, the Appalachian League was converted to a collegiate summer baseball league intended for rising college freshmen and sophomores. In the revamped league, the Rays were replaced by the Princeton WhistlePigs. Playoffs 1994: Defeated Johnson City 2–1 to win championship. 1998: Lost to Bristol 2–0 in finals. 2014: Lost to Danville 2–0 in semifinals. 2015: Defeated Pulaski 2–1 in semifinals; lost to Greeneville 2–1 in finals. 2016: Lost to Burlington 2–1 in semifinals. 2018: Defeated Bluefield 2–1 in semifinals; lost to Elizabethton 2–0 in finals. Notable alumni Alex Cobb (2006) Carl Crawford (1999) 4 x MLB All-Star Wade Davis (2004) 3 x MLB All-Star Chad Fox (1992) Jonny Gomes (2001) Josh Hamilton (1999) 5 x MLB All-Star; 2010 AL Batting Title; 2010 AL Most Valuable Player Jason Hammel (1992) Jeremy Hellickson (2005) Kevin Kiermaier (2010) Matt Moore (2007–2008) MLB All-Star Pokey Reese (1991) 2 x Gold Glove John Stearns (1994, MGR) 4 x MLB All-Star References Baseball teams established in 1988 Baseball teams disestablished in 2020 1988 establishments in West Virginia 2020 disestablishments in West Virginia Defunct Appalachian League teams Professional baseball teams in West Virginia Tampa Bay Rays minor league affiliates Cincinnati Reds minor league affiliates Pittsburgh Pirates", "title": "Princeton Rays" }, { "docid": "52796590", "text": "The 2020 Major League Baseball All-Star Game would have been the 91st Major League Baseball All-Star Game. It was planned to be hosted on July 14 by the Los Angeles Dodgers, which would have been the second All-Star Game held at Dodger Stadium, following the 1980 All-Star Game, and the fourth hosted by the Dodgers. On July 3, the game was canceled due to the delayed start of the 2020 season, which began on July 23 due to the government restrictions imposed during the COVID-19 pandemic. It was the first cancellation since 1945, when the All-Star Game that year was not held in compliance with wartime travel restrictions at the time. Dodger Stadium was awarded the 2022 All-Star Game in its place. Fox and ESPN Radio were the game's respective planned television and radio partners. Host selection Bidding for the 2020 All-Star Game began in 2017. It was awarded on April 11, 2018, by MLB Commissioner Rob Manfred. It would have been the first time since 1980 that Dodger Stadium would serve as the game's host. The Hollywood-inspired logo for the game was unveiled on July 23, 2019, in a ceremony at Dodger Stadium, emceed by longtime Dodgers broadcaster Vin Scully. Planned league managers and changes As the manager of the previous season's American League champion Houston Astros, A. J. Hinch was originally designated as the manager for the American League All-Star team. On January 13, MLB suspended Hinch for the entire 2020 season for his role in the Houston Astros sign stealing scandal. Astros owner Jim Crane subsequently fired Hinch after the announcement. On January 29, it was announced that Hinch's successor, Dusty Baker, would manage the American League instead. Dave Martinez, manager of the 2019 National League champion Washington Nationals, was designated as the manager for the National League All-Star team. Unofficial starters Despite the game being cancelled, MLB.com released the players it believed deserved to be recognized as the \"Unofficial 2020 All-Stars\". The players selected by MLB.com are as follows: National League American League See also List of Major League Baseball All-Star Games Major League Baseball All-Star Game Most Valuable Player Award All-Star Futures Game Home Run Derby References External links Major League Baseball All-Star Game All-Star Baseball competitions in Los Angeles Major League Baseball All-Star Game Major League Baseball All-Star Game MLB all-star game", "title": "2020 Major League Baseball All-Star Game" }, { "docid": "58784074", "text": "Kyle Alexander Dowdy (born February 3, 1993) is an American professional baseball pitcher who is a free agent. He has previously played in Major League Baseball (MLB) for the Texas Rangers and Cincinnati Reds. Amateur career Dowdy graduated from Francis Parker School in San Diego, California, in 2011. Undrafted out of high school in the 2011 MLB draft, he enrolled at the University of Hawaii where he played college baseball for the Hawaii Rainbow Warriors. In 2012, as a freshman, he appeared in 13 games, going 2–3 with a 3.06 earned run average (ERA). Following his freshman year, Dowdy transferred to Orange Coast College. As a sophomore in 2013, he had a 6–3 record with a 2.38 ERA, striking out 62 batters in 75.2 innings. He transferred to the University of Houston following his sophomore season. He was forced to sit out the 2014 campaign after undergoing Tommy John surgery. In 2015, as a redshirt junior, Dowdy was 9–2 with a 2.45 ERA in 19 games, including 12 starts. After the 2015 season, he was drafted by the Detroit Tigers in the 12th round of the 2015 MLB draft. Professional career Detroit Tigers Dowdy made his professional debut in 2016 with the Class A West Michigan Whitecaps, with whom he was named a Midwest League All-Star. He finished the year 10–3 with a 2.84 ERA in 23 games (16 starts). He spent 2017 with the Class A-Advanced Lakeland Flying Tigers, where he was named to the Florida State League All-Star team, pitching to an 8–12 record with a 3.83 ERA in 25 games (22 starts). He began 2018 with the Double-A Erie SeaWolves and was later promoted to the Triple-A Toledo Mud Hens. Cleveland Indians On July 31, 2018, Dowdy and Leonys Martín were traded to the Cleveland Indians in exchange for Willi Castro. He was assigned to the Double-A Akron RubberDucks, where he finished the year. In 30 games (20 starts) between Erie, Toledo, and Akron, he was 9–12 with a 5.15 ERA and a 1.48 WHIP. The New York Mets selected Dowdy in the 2018 Rule 5 draft on December 13, 2018. Texas Rangers The Texas Rangers claimed him from the Mets off of waivers on March 26, 2019, and shortly thereafter, added him to their 25-man roster. He made his major league debut on March 28, 2019, versus the Chicago Cubs, allowing three runs over two innings of relief. On July 25, 2019, Dowdy was designated for assignment after going 2–1 with a 7.25 ERA and 17 strikeouts over innings for Texas. Cleveland Indians (second stint) On July 28, 2019, Dowdy was returned to the Cleveland Indians. Dowdy went to Akron following his return and went 1–1 with a 2.48 ERA over 29 innings for them, before finishing the season by appearing in the International League playoffs for the Columbus Clippers. Dowdy did not play in a game for the Indians organization in 2020 due to the cancellation of the minor league season because of the COVID-19", "title": "Kyle Dowdy" }, { "docid": "12092408", "text": "The All-Star Final Vote was an annual Internet and text message ballot by Major League Baseball (MLB) fans to elect the final player for each team that participates in the Major League Baseball All-Star Game, after all other selections were made and announced. The first 33 players were selected by a combination of procedures. The sponsorship changed annually, but the contest remained similar from year to year. Each league presented a five-man ballot and gave the fans a few days to choose one final All-Star. This process was used from 2002 through 2018. All-Star selection The All-Star Game managers selected the entire lineups from 1933 to 1946. In 1947, the fans were given the ability to select the starting lineups. This continued until 1957, when Cincinnati Reds fans stuffed the ballot box and selected seven Reds and Stan Musial. This forced Baseball Commissioner Ford Frick to step in and replace Wally Post and Gus Bell with Willie Mays and Hank Aaron that season and to turn over the starting lineup selection to players, coaches and managers for several subsequent seasons. Since 1970, the fans have elected the starting lineup of one player for each baseball position (except the pitcher) for both the National League and American League teams. In 2003, the major league players began electing a reserve for each position as well as five starters and three relievers, although the All-Star game managers performed this duty once. Now, the \"Player ballot\" includes coaches, managers and players across both leagues who participate in choosing eight reserves and eight pitchers for each All-Star team. Now, the managers only select the starting pitcher from among those pitchers already elected by the players. The managers also select the remainder of the roster spots except for the final spot while ensuring that each team has at least one representative. The All-Star game manager, guided by the baseball commissioner's office, then selects a list of five nominees for the fans to choose from for the remaining roster spot for each league's team. On the Sunday evening nine days before the scheduled All-Star game, the rosters are announced and the All-Star Final Vote nominees are announced on a nationally broadcast show. The voting commences after the announcement of the nominees toward the end of the show, and continues for a prescribed number of days. Generally, a single daily update of the ballot standings is released during the voting. After voting concludes, the top vote-getter for each league is announced. Over the course of the seven years of the voting, over 100 million votes have been cast. History The first All-Star Final Vote was held during the 2002 season. The 2002 MLB All-Star Game had 30 player rosters so the fans were voting for the 30th player. The 2003 MLB All-Star Game rosters expanded to 32 following the 11-inning 2002 game. As a result, the fans elected the 32nd player. In 2009, the rosters again expanded to 33, including 13 pitchers, following the 15-inning 2008 MLB All-Star", "title": "All-Star Final Vote" }, { "docid": "44254822", "text": "Seiji Kobayashi (小林 誠司, born June 7, 1989) is a Japanese professional baseball catcher for the Yomiuri Giants of Nippon Professional Baseball (NPB). Career Kobayashi attended Doshisha University, where he played for the school's baseball team. The Yomiuri Giants selected Kobayashi in the 2013 Nippon Professional Baseball draft. In 2018, he was selected . International career Kobayashi represented the Japan national baseball team in the 2014 MLB Japan All-Star Series, 2015 exhibition games against Europe, 2017 World Baseball Classic, 2019 exhibition games against Mexico and 2019 WBSC Premier12. On February 18, 2019, he was selected at the 2019 exhibition games against Mexico. On October 1, 2019, he was selected at the 2019 WBSC Premier12. And also, on November 16, 2018, he was selected Yomiuri Giants roster at the 2018 MLB Japan All-Star Series exhibition game against MLB All-Stars. References External links 1989 births Living people Doshisha University alumni Japanese baseball players Nippon Professional Baseball catchers Yomiuri Giants players 2017 World Baseball Classic players 2019 WBSC Premier12 players", "title": "Seiji Kobayashi" }, { "docid": "1017731", "text": "Robert William Stanley (born November 10, 1954) is an American former professional baseball relief pitcher who spent his entire Major League Baseball (MLB) career with the Boston Red Sox. He was later the pitching coach for the Buffalo Bisons, Triple-A affiliate of the Toronto Blue Jays, through the 2018 season. Early life Stanley attended Kearny High School in Kearny, New Jersey, where he earned all-state honors as a pitcher-shortstop; he came within three outs of pitching a perfect game in May 1973 against Bloomfield High School. Playing career Stanley was selected by the Los Angeles Dodgers in the ninth round of the June 1973 MLB draft, but did not sign with the team, choosing instead to attend college. During this era, another draft was held in the winter; Stanley was selected by the Boston Red Sox in the first round of the January 1974 secondary draft, and this time elected to sign. He began his professional career with the Elmira Pioneers in , spent with the Winter Haven Red Sox, and advanced to the Bristol Red Sox at the Double-A level in . Stanley made his major league debut with the Red Sox on April 16, . Stanley was named an All-Star in , a year in which he pitched in 40 games (30 starts). He won 16 games and lost 12, with an earned run average (ERA) of 3.99. Following two more seasons of mixed usage, Stanley was deployed as a full-time relief pitcher in 1982, maintaining a 3.10 ERA over innings pitched. As of the beginning of the 2022 season, this remains the American League record for innings pitched by a relief pitcher. While he was not named to the All-Star team, Stanley was recognized with down-ballot votes for the Cy Young and Most Valuable Player awards. He was named to his second All-Star team the following season, , appearing in 64 games and pitching innings, while recording 33 saves and a 2.85 ERA, and he remained a fixture of the Red Sox bullpen in the years which followed. Stanley was a key member of the 1986 Red Sox team that came within one strike of winning the World Series but ultimately fell to the New York Mets in seven games. Stanley entered Game 6 with the Red Sox one out away from clinching their first World Series since 1918, holding a one-run lead with runners on first and third. Stanley threw a wild pitch to Mookie Wilson which allowed Kevin Mitchell to score the tying run and Ray Knight to move to second base, putting him in position to score the winning run on Bill Buckner's fielding error. Stanley and the Red Sox returned to Shea Stadium for Game 7, which the New York Mets won by a score of 8–5. In , Stanley was converted to a regular starting pitcher for the first time since 1979, compiling a 4–15 record with 67 strikeouts and a 5.01 ERA. After returning to the bullpen to pitch two more", "title": "Bob Stanley (baseball)" }, { "docid": "55679357", "text": "Shane Robert Bieber (born May 31, 1995) is an American professional baseball pitcher for the Cleveland Guardians of Major League Baseball (MLB). He played college baseball for the UC Santa Barbara Gauchos baseball team as a walk-on. He was drafted by the Indians in the fourth round of the 2016 Major League Baseball draft. Bieber made his MLB debut with Cleveland in 2018, was named an All-Star in 2019 and 2021, and received the American League's 2020 Cy Young Award. Early life Bieber attended Laguna Hills High School in Laguna Hills, California. Bieber's pitch speed reached the mid-80s as a junior and his command was very strong. He was recruited to play college baseball at University of California, Santa Barbara as a walk-on and did not receive much attention from many other programs. As a senior in 2013, he pitched to an 8–4 record with a 1.40 ERA. After graduating, he enrolled at Santa Barbara where he played for the UC Santa Barbara Gauchos baseball team as a walk-on. He earned a scholarship by his sophomore year. In 2014, he played collegiate summer baseball in the West Coast League for the Cowlitz Black Bears. In 2015, he played collegiate summer baseball in the Cape Cod Baseball League for the Yarmouth-Dennis Red Sox. In 2016, his junior year, he went 12–4 with a 2.74 ERA in 18 starts. He was drafted by the Cleveland Indians in the fourth round of the 2016 Major League Baseball draft. Professional career Minor leagues Bieber signed and made his professional debut with the Mahoning Valley Scrappers, where he spent the whole season, posting a 0.38 ERA in 24 innings. He spent 2017 with the Lake County Captains, Lynchburg Hillcats, and Akron RubberDucks, pitching to a combined 10–5 record with a 2.86 ERA in 28 starts between the three teams. On May 25, 2018, Bieber pitched a rain-shortened seven-inning no-hitter for the Triple-A Columbus Clippers against the Gwinnett Stripers. Cleveland Indians / Guardians 2018–19 The Indians purchased Bieber's contract on May 31, 2018, and added him to their active roster. He made his major league debut that evening, starting against the Minnesota Twins at Target Field. He pitched innings, giving up four runs (all earned) and eight hits while walking one and striking out six as the Indians defeated Minnesota 9–8. Bieber finished his rookie season with an 11–5 record, a 4.55 ERA, and 118 strikeouts in 20 appearances. Owning a 7–3 record with a 3.54 ERA over 18 games (17 starts) to begin the 2019 season, Bieber was named an MLB All-Star for the first time, for the All-Star Game played at Progressive Field in Cleveland. He struck out the side on 19 pitches in the fifth inning as the American League won, 4–3. He received the All-Star Game Most Valuable Player Award. Bieber finished the season with a 15–8 record in 34 games (33 starts). In innings, he struck out 259. For the season, he received mention for the Cy Young Award voting for", "title": "Shane Bieber" }, { "docid": "881987", "text": "The Augusta GreenJackets are a Minor League Baseball team of the Carolina League and the Single-A affiliate of the Atlanta Braves. They play their home games at SRP Park in North Augusta, South Carolina. History Augusta was a member of the South Atlantic League from 1980 to 2020. Before the San Francisco Giants took over the club's affiliation after the 2004 season, the GreenJackets were a part of the Boston Red Sox organization. Prior to that, the Red Sox replaced the Pittsburgh Pirates in Augusta. The GreenJackets boast third baseman Kevin Youkilis and Dustin Pedroia as the only prospects to make the Red Sox roster, although knuckle baller Tim Wakefield pitched there in 1989 with the Pirates organization. The Red Sox' relationship with Augusta met with immediate success when the GreenJackets won the South Atlantic League championship in their first year as an affiliate team. The 2020 season was postponed and later cancelled for Augusta and all of MiLB due to the COVID-19 pandemic. In the MiLB reorganization of 2021, the Braves invited Augusta to be their new Low-A affiliate. The team is named after The Masters golf tournament held across the Savannah River in Augusta, Georgia, where the winner receives a green jacket. The team logo features a yellowjacket wasp colored green, wearing a tam o' shanter cap, associated with golf. One week a year the GreenJackets assume the name of their alter ego and become the Pimento Cheese. This name also pays homage to the Masters tournament with the iconic pimento cheese sandwich, a popular concession item sold at the tournament, featured prominently as the team's logo on caps, jerseys, and all team branding. Stadium The GreenJackets play in SRP Park, a 4,782-seat stadium which opened on April 12, 2018. SRP Park is part of Riverside Village at Hammond's Ferry, which overlooks the Savannah River and the city of Augusta, featuring apartments, a hotel, office space, and multiple restaurants and shops. The North Augusta-based SRP Federal Credit Union purchased the naming rights to the ballpark. SRP Park replaced Lake Olmstead Stadium as the home of the GreenJackets. Lake Olmstead Stadium was built primarily as a baseball facility between 1994 and 1995. The stadium seated 4,400 with nearly 1,000 box seats, 830 reserved seats, over 2,000 general admission seats. Awards In 2008, the team was voted by fans as the best minor league team in the Minor League Baseball Yearly (MiLBY) Awards. Notable alumni Moisés Alou MLB All-Star Bronson Arroyo MLB All-Star Madison Bumgarner 4 x MLB All-Star; 2014 World Series Most Valuable Player Carlos García MLB All-Star Clint Courtney (1948) Fred Gladding (1958) Vaughn Grissom (2021) Brian Horwitz Ralph Houk (1941) Manager: 1961 & 1962 World Series Champion - New York Yankees Roberto Kelly (2007, MGR) 2 x MLB All-Star Jason Kendall (1993) 3 x MLB All-Star Jon Lester (2003) 4 x MLB All-Star Orlando Merced (1988) Brandon Moss (2004) MLB All-Star Wally Moses (1931) 2 x MLB All-Star Aramis Ramirez (1996) 3 x MLB All-Star Dustin Pedroia", "title": "Augusta GreenJackets" }, { "docid": "757979", "text": "The St. Lucie Mets are a Minor League Baseball team of the Florida State League and the Single-A affiliate of the New York Mets. They are located in Port St. Lucie, Florida, and play their home games at Clover Park. The Mets have been members of the Florida State League since their founding in 1988. They originally competed at the Class A level before being elevated to Class A-Advanced in 1990. Since the 2021 season, the Mets have been a Low Single-A affiliate. They have won the Florida State League championship six times (1988, 1996, 1998, 2003, 2006, and 2022). Playoffs 2022: Defeated Palm Beach 2–0 in semifinals; defeated Dunedin 2–0 to win championship. 2016: Lost to Bradenton 2–0 in semifinals. 2012: Lost to Jupiter 2–1 in semifinals. 2011: Defeated Bradenton 2–1 in semifinals; lost to Daytona 3–1 in finals. 2007: Lost to Brevard County 2–1 in semifinals. 2006: Defeated Palm Beach 2–0 in semifinals; defeated Dunedin 3–0 to win championship. 2003: Defeated Jupiter 2–0 in semifinals; defeated Dunedin 3–1 to win championship. 2000: Lost to Daytona 2–0 in semifinals. 1998: Defeated Jupiter 2–0 in semifinals; defeated Tampa 3–2 to win championship. 1996: Defeated Vero Beach 2–0 in semifinals; defeated Clearwater 3–1 to win championship. 1993: Defeated Lakeland 2–1 in semifinals; lost to Clearwater 3–1 in finals. 1992: Lost to Osceola 2–0 in quarterfinals. 1991: Defeated Sarasota 2–1 in quarterfinals; lost to Clearwater 2–1 in semifinals. 1990: Lost to Vero Beach 2–1 in quarterfinals. 1989: Lost to Charlotte 2–1 in semifinals. 1988: Defeated Lakeland 2–1 in quarterfinals; defeated Tampa 2–0 in semifinals; defeated Osceola 2–0 to win championship. Roster Notable alumni Baseball Hall of Fame alumni Gary Carter (2006, MGR) Inducted, 2003 Pedro Martinez (2007-2008) Inducted, 2015 Mike Piazza Inducted, 2016 Notable alumni Rick Aguilera (1988) 3 x MLB All-Star Edgardo Alfonzo (1992)(2010, MGR) MLB All-Star Moises Alou (2008) 6 x MLB All-Star Jason Bay (2002, 2011–2012) 3 x MLB All-Star; 2004 NL Rookie of the Year Heath Bell (2000) 3 x MLB All-Star Carlos Beltran (2010) 9 x MLB All-Star; 1999 AL Rookie of the Year Jeromy Burnitz (1990) MLB All-Star Mike Cameron (2005) MLB All-Star Luis Castillo (2010) 3 x MLB All-Star Yoenis Cespedes (2016) 2 x MLB All-Star Endy Chavez (2005, 2007) Vince Coleman (1992) 2 x MLB All-Star; 1985 NL Rookie of the Year Tony Clark (2003) MLB All-Star David Cone (2003) 5 x MLB All-Star; 1994 NL Cy Young Award Michael Cuddyer (2015) 2 x MLB All-Star; 2013 NL Batting Title Jacob deGrom 3 x MLB All-Star; 2014 NL Rookie of the Year; 2018 NL ERA Title; 2018 NL Cy Young Award Octavio Dotel (1995-1997) Sid Fernandez (1991, 1993) MLB All-Star Cliff Floyd (2004, 2006) MLB All-Star John Franco (2003) 4 x MLB All-Star Darryl Hamilton (2000) Pete Harnisch (1996-1997) MLB All-Star Matt Harvey (2011) MLB All-Star Keith Hernandez (1989) 5 x MLB All-Star; 1979 NL Most Valuable Player Orlando Hernandez (2008) Todd Hundley (1988, 1998) 2 x MLB-All Star Clint Hurdle (1988-1989, MGR) 2013", "title": "St. Lucie Mets" }, { "docid": "57698373", "text": "Brooks Harrison Wilson (born March 15, 1996) is an American professional baseball pitcher in the Atlanta Braves organization. Prior to playing professionally, Wilson attended Stetson University, where he played college baseball for the Hatters. Wilson starred in baseball for Lakeland Christian School. In college, Wilson was named an All-American in 2018, and won the John Olerud Award in 2018. The Braves selected him in the seventh round with the 202nd overall selection in the 2018 MLB draft. Amateur career Wilson attended Lakeland Christian School in Lakeland, Florida, his freshman, junior and senior seasons. He also attended Lakeland High School as a sophomore. Wilson was named first-team All-Polk County as a designated hitter in 2014. He recorded a .493 batting average and 27 RBIs, while also getting 6 wins, 104 strikeouts and a 1.02 ERA on the mound as a senior. Wilson then chose to enroll at Stetson University to play college baseball for the Stetson Hatters baseball team. As a freshman at Stetson University in 2015, Wilson had a 9–5 record, a 4.39 Earned run average (ERA), and held opponents to a .289 batting average, with three home runs. He was named a freshman All-American by Louisville Slugger and the Atlantic Sun Conference (ASUN) All-Freshman Team and Second Team All-Conference. Following his freshman season at Stetson, Wilson played collegiate summer baseball for the Waynesboro Generals of the Valley Baseball League. As a sophomore in 2016, Wilson had a 5–6 record with a 2.90 ERA. He had one at bat in which he struck out. That summer, Wilson was selected by the Orleans Firebirds of the Cape Cod Baseball League. Wilson made just two starts and for the Firebirds. He had a 1.50 ERA, 4 strikeouts and 5 walks. In the 2017 season as a junior, Wilson had 127 strikeouts in 107.2 innings to lead the ASUN, while also achieving a 3.01 ERA. The Texas Rangers selected him in the 24th round of the 2017 MLB draft, but he opted to return to Stetson for his senior year. Once Wilson decided to return to Stetson, he also re-signed with the Orleans Firebirds, where he pitched in 12 games total, with two starts, with a 2–1 record with a 2.13 ERA in 25.1 innings, also picked up a pair of saves. As a senior, in 2018, Wilson had 20 saves to lead the nation. Wilson had moved to the bullpen in 2018, which also allowed the Hatters to use Wilson as a designated hitter. Wilson batted .299 with a .455 SLG, 3 home runs, and 35 RBIs. He was named first team All-ASUN and he was also named the ASUN Player of the Year. Wilson won the John Olerud Award, which is awarded to the top collegiate two-way player in the nation. He was also named a Baseball America and Collegiate Baseball Newspaper All-American. Professional career The Atlanta Braves selected him in the seventh round, with the 202nd overall selection, of the 2018 MLB draft. Wilson began his professional career with the", "title": "Brooks Wilson" }, { "docid": "32651444", "text": "Nathan Edward Eovaldi ( ; born February 13, 1990) is an American professional baseball pitcher for the Texas Rangers of Major League Baseball (MLB). He has previously played in MLB for the Los Angeles Dodgers, Miami Marlins, New York Yankees, Tampa Bay Rays and Boston Red Sox. Eovaldi made his MLB debut in 2011. He was a World Series champion with the Red Sox in 2018 and the Rangers in 2023 and has been selected as an All-Star in 2021 and 2023. Early life Nathan Edward Eovaldi was born on February 13, 1990, in Alvin, Texas. Eovaldi attended Alvin High School in Alvin, Texas, where he played for the school's baseball team. Eovaldi had Tommy John surgery to repair the ulnar collateral ligament in his right elbow during his junior year of high school. In 2008, Eovaldi's senior year, he was an honorable mention on Texas' All-State team. He committed to attend Texas A&M University on a college baseball scholarship. Professional career Draft and minor leagues The Los Angeles Dodgers selected Eovaldi in the 11th round of the 2008 MLB Draft. His draft stock had fallen because of his first Tommy John surgery. Eovaldi signed with the Dodgers, receiving a $250,000 signing bonus, forgoing his commitment to Texas A&M. He made his way through the Dodgers' farm system, pitching for the Gulf Coast Dodgers of the Rookie-level Gulf Coast League in 2008 and the Great Lakes Loons of the Class A Midwest League in 2009. In 2010, with the Inland Empire 66ers of San Bernardino of the Class A-Advanced California League, Eovaldi was selected to the mid-season California League all-star team. Eovaldi was promoted to the Chattanooga Lookouts of the Class AA Southern League in 2011 and was selected to the mid-season all-star game. He had a 6–5 win–loss record with a 2.62 earned run average (ERA) for the Lookouts, where he started 19 games. He was also selected to the post-season All-Star team. Los Angeles Dodgers (2011–2012) Eovaldi was called up to the majors for the first time on August 6, 2011, and was the starting pitcher that night against the Arizona Diamondbacks. In the game, he picked up the win, while pitching five innings, allowing only two runs while striking out seven. He also hit a single in his first major league at bat and scored a run. His seven strikeouts were tied for fourth in Dodgers' history for a major league debut and he was only the fourth Dodger pitcher to score a run in his debut since 1960. Eovaldi became the first Dodger starter since Danny McDevitt in the 1957 season to start his career with four games of five innings or more while allowing two runs or fewer. He made 6 starts for the Dodgers and was then moved to the bullpen in order to keep his innings down for the season. He pitched in four games out of the bullpen late in the season. His 2011 totals included a 1–2 record and 3.63 ERA.", "title": "Nathan Eovaldi" }, { "docid": "57595164", "text": "Triston Casas (born January 15, 2000) is an American professional baseball first baseman for the Boston Red Sox of Major League Baseball (MLB). The Red Sox selected him in the first round of the 2018 MLB draft and he made his MLB debut in 2022. Casas was a member of the United States national baseball team at the 2020 Summer Olympics, which won the silver medal. Amateur career Casas played high school baseball at American Heritage School in Plantation, Florida, where he played both corner infield positions. In two varsity seasons at American Heritage, Casas had a .414 batting average with 11 home runs and 53 runs batted in (RBIs) in 53 games played. He reclassified and graduated high school a year early to be eligible for the Major League Baseball (MLB) draft. He played in the Under Armour All-America Baseball Game in both 2016 and 2017. Professional career The Boston Red Sox chose Casas in the first round, with the 26th overall selection, of the 2018 MLB draft. He signed with the Red Sox, receiving a $2,552,800 signing bonus, the full slot value for the pick. He was assigned to Boston's Rookie League team, the Gulf Coast League Red Sox. In a game on June 25, Casas was injured while playing third base; he subsequently underwent season-ending surgery on June 29, to repair a torn ulnar collateral ligament in his right thumb. Casas began 2019 with the Greenville Drive of the Single–A South Atlantic League. In early June, he was named to the South Atlantic League All-Star Game. In mid-June, Casas was added to the top 100 prospects list of Baseball America, at number 98. In late August, he was named a South Atlantic League Postseason All-Star, and recognition from Baseball America as the Red Sox 2019 Minor League Player Of The Year. On September 1, Casas was promoted to the High–A Salem Red Sox. In mid-September, he was named the Red Sox' minor league offensive player of the year. Over 122 games between the two clubs, Casas slashed .254/.349/.476 with 20 home runs and 81 RBI. During 2020, with no minor league season due to the COVID-19 pandemic shutdown, the Red Sox added Casas to their pool of reserve players on August 20, so he could participate in intra-squad workouts. He was subsequently invited to participate in the Red Sox' fall instructional league. Following the 2020 season, Casas was ranked by Baseball America as the Red Sox' number one prospect. Casas began the 2021 season in Double-A with the Portland Sea Dogs. In addition to playing 77 games for Portland, Casas also appeared in nine games for the Triple-A Worcester Red Sox, batting a combined .279 with 14 home runs and 59 RBI. After the regular season, Casas was selected to play in the Arizona Fall League, and was named the starting first baseman for the East team in the league's annual Fall Stars Game. The Red Sox invited Casas to spring training as a non-roster player in", "title": "Triston Casas" }, { "docid": "13912846", "text": "Ninety-three Major League Baseball All-Star Games have been played since the inaugural one in 1933. The American League (AL) leads the series with a record, and a 383–377 run advantage. The NL has the longest winning streak of 11 games from 1972 to 1982; the AL held a 13-game unbeaten streak from 1997 to 2009 (including a tie in 2002). The AL previously dominated from 1933 to 1949, winning 12 of the first 16. The NL dominated from 1950 to 1987, going 33–8–1, including a stretch from 1963 to 1982 when they won 19 of 20. Since 1988, the AL has dominated, going 27–7–1. In 2018, the AL took their first lead in the series since 1963. The \"home team\" has traditionally been the league in which the host franchise plays its games; however, the AL was designated the home team for the 2016 All-Star Game, despite it being played in Petco Park, home of the National League's San Diego Padres. This decision was made following the announcement of Miami as host for the 2017 All-Star Game, which was the third consecutive year in which the game is hosted in an NL ballpark. The criteria for choosing the venue are subjective; for the most part, cities with new parks and cities who have not hosted the game in a long time—or ever—tend to get the nod. In the first two decades of the game there were two pairs of teams that shared ballparks, located in Philadelphia and St. Louis. This led to some shorter-than-usual gaps between the use of those venues: The Cardinals hosted the game in 1940, and the Browns in 1948. The Athletics hosted the game in 1943, and the Phillies in 1952. A second game was played for four seasons, from 1959 through 1962. The All-Star Game Most Valuable Player (MVP) Award was introduced in and the first recipient was Maury Wills of the Los Angeles Dodgers. The 2008 game featured the longest All-Star Game by time: 4 hours 50 minutes, and tied for innings at 15 with the 1967 game. Game results Future MLB All-Star Games The following future games have had their date and location announced by Major League Baseball. Notes St. Petersburg (Tampa Bay Rays) is the only current MLB city that has not yet hosted an All-Star Game. In addition to Tropicana Field in St. Petersburg, Citizens Bank Park (Philadelphia Phillies), Truist Park (Atlanta Braves), Yankee Stadium (New York Yankees), and Globe Life Field (Texas Rangers) are the only current venues that have not yet hosted an All-Star Game. The Phillies, Braves, Yankees, and Rangers have all hosted the game in previous stadiums. Globe Life Field (2024), Truist Park (2025) and Citizens Bank Park (2026) are each scheduled to host a future game. References External links All-Star Game History and Leaders at Baseball-Reference.com All-Star Game Directory at Retrosheet All-Star Games", "title": "List of Major League Baseball All-Star Games" }, { "docid": "38584179", "text": "Yolmer Carlos Javier Sánchez (born June 29, 1992) is a Venezuelan professional baseball infielder in the New York Mets organization. He made his Major League Baseball (MLB) debut in 2014 with the Chicago White Sox, and has also played in MLB for the Boston Red Sox. Prior to the 2017 season, he was known as Carlos Sánchez. He led the American League in triples in 2018, and won a Gold Glove Award in 2019 at second base. Career Chicago White Sox Sánchez signed with the Chicago White Sox as an international free agent in 2009. He played in the Dominican Summer League (DSL) for the DSL White Sox in 2009 (playing shortstop primarily) and 2010 (playing third base primarily). The next season, playing second base primarily, he split the year between the Bristol White Sox of the Rookie-level Appalachian League and the Kannapolis Intimidators of the Class A South Atlantic League, finishing the year batting .286/.354/.343 batting average with 30 runs batted in and 48 runs scored in 68 games. During the 2012 season, Sánchez moved quickly through the White Sox system. He started the season with Class A-Advanced Winston-Salem then moved to Double-A Birmingham Barons, and then eventually Triple-A Charlotte Knights. He was named to appear in the 2012 All-Star Futures Game while playing for the Winston-Salem Dash of the Class A-Advanced Carolina League, and was named a Carolina League Post-Season All Star. Sánchez hit a combined .323/.378/.403, 169 hits, 1 home run, 25 doubles, 7 triples, 79 runs, 56 RBI, 26 stolen bases in 133 games. He was named an MILB.com Organization All Star. The White Sox invited Sánchez to spring training as a non-roster invitee in 2013, and he ranked as the White Sox' number four prospect. Sánchez spent the entire 2013 season at Triple-A Charlotte, where he batted .241/.293/.296 in 432 at bats, 50 runs, 20 doubles, 2 triples, no home runs, 28 runs batted in, 29 walks, 76 strikeouts and 16 SBs. Sánchez was added to the 40-man roster on November 20, 2013. On July 13, 2014, the White Sox promoted Sánchez to the MLB roster and he made his MLB debut that same day going 0-for-5 with two strikeouts. Sanchez was sent down to Charlotte after the game, but was recalled to Chicago on August 22, after the White Sox traded Gordon Beckham. In 2014 with the White Sox, he batted .250/.269/.300 in 100 at bats. He was named an MILB.com Organization All Star. In 2015 with the White Sox, he batted .224/.268/.326 in 389 at bats, and in 2016 he batted .208/.236/.357 in 154 at bats. Sánchez announced that he would go by his first name, Yolmer, starting from the 2017 season, rather than his middle name of Carlos. In doing so, he became the first player named Yolmer in MLB history. In 2017, he batted .267/.319/.413 with a career-high 12 home runs in 484 at bats, and was second in the AL with 8 triples. In 2018, playing third base primarily, he", "title": "Yolmer Sánchez" }, { "docid": "32170952", "text": "Taylor Heath Jungmann (born December 18, 1989) is an American former professional baseball pitcher. He played in Major League Baseball (MLB) for the Milwaukee Brewers and for the Yomiuri Giants of Nippon Professional Baseball (NPB). Prior to playing professionally, Jungmann played college baseball for the Texas Longhorns, where he was a consensus All-American and won the Dick Howser Trophy. Career Amateur career The son of Leland Jungmann and the former Sharon Burton of Zabcikville in Bell County, Texas Jungmann attended Rogers High School in Rogers, Texas. The Rogers baseball team won the Texas 2A State Championship in 2007. He also played on the Rogers basketball team, and in the 2006-07 season he blocked 266 shots, which is tied for 23rd most in a single season in U.S. high school sports history. He transferred to Georgetown High School in Georgetown, Texas, where he played his senior year in 2008. After high school, Jungmann enrolled at the University of Texas at Austin, at which he participated in college baseball for the Texas Longhorns. In 2009, Jungmann pitched a complete game against the Louisiana State Tigers in the best-of-three final round of the 2009 College World Series. In 2011, he won the Dick Howser Trophy as the best collegiate baseball player. He finished his career with the Longhorns with a 32–9 win–loss record, a 1.85 earned run average (ERA), and 356 strikeouts in 45 games started. Milwaukee Brewers The Milwaukee Brewers selected Jungmann in the first round, with the 12th overall selection, of the 2011 Major League Baseball (MLB) Draft. He signed with the Brewers, receiving a $2.525 million signing bonus. Jungmann pitched for the Brevard County Manatees of the Class A-Advanced Florida State League in 2012, where he had a 3.53 ERA, and for the Huntsville Stars of the Class AA Southern League in 2013, where he pitched to a 4.33 ERA. In 2014, Jungmann began the season with Huntsville, and was named a Southern League All-Star. He also played for the Nashville Sounds of the Class AAA Pacific Coast League (PCL). He finished the season with a 12–10 win–loss record, a 3.57 ERA, and 147 strikeouts in innings. The Brewers added him to their 40-man roster to protect him from being chosen in the Rule 5 draft on November 20, 2014. Jungmann began the 2015 season with the Colorado Springs Sky Sox of the PCL. The Brewers promoted Jungmann to the major leagues to make his MLB debut on June 9. On July 11, 2015, Jungmann became the first Brewers pitcher in franchise history to throw a complete game at Dodger Stadium. After posting a 3.77 ERA in his rookie season, Jungmann struggled to recapture that form, with a combined ERA of 7.90 in 9 MLB games (6 starts) from 2016 through 2017. He was released on January 10, 2018, to pursue an opportunity in Japan. Yomiuri Giants On January 16, 2018, Jungmann signed with the Yomiuri Giants of Nippon Professional Baseball (NPB) for the 2018 season. On November 14, 2018,", "title": "Taylor Jungmann" }, { "docid": "270784", "text": "The Major League Baseball All-Star Game, also known as the \"Midsummer Classic\", is an annual professional baseball game sanctioned by Major League Baseball (MLB) and contested between the all-stars from the American League (AL) and National League (NL). Starting fielders are selected by fans, pitchers are selected by managers, and reserves are selected by players and managers. The game is usually played on the second or third Tuesday in July, and is meant to mark the symbolic halfway point of the MLB season (though not the mathematical halfway point, which, for most seasons, falls within the previous calendar week). Both leagues share an All-Star break, with no regular-season games scheduled from the day before through two days after the All-Star Game, with the exception of a single Thursday night game starting in the 2018 season. Some additional events and festivities associated with the game take place each year close to and during this break in the regular season. No official MLB All-Star Games were held in 1945 and 2020, and no official selection of players took place, due to World War II travel restrictions and the COVID-19 pandemic, respectively. Two All-Star Games were held each season from 1959 to 1962. The most recent All-Star Game was held on July 11, 2023, at T-Mobile Park in Seattle, home of the AL's Seattle Mariners. History Baseball teams put on benefit games for the families of players who died unexpectedly. For example, the Addie Joss Benefit Game in raised $12,914 for the Joss family ($ in current dollar terms). The first All-Star Game was held on July 6, , at Comiskey Park in Chicago as part of the 1933 World's Fair, and was initiated by Arch Ward, then sports editor for the Chicago Tribune. Initially intended to be a one-time event, its success resulted in making the contest an annual one. From to , two All-Star Games were held each season, in order to increase the money going to the players' pension fund. This practice ended after the owners agreed to give the players a larger share of the income from a single game. According to the Baseball Database provided by Sean Lahman, a total of 1,972 individual players have been selected for an All-Star game between 1933 and 2023. Venues MLB chooses the venue for the All-Star Game. The criteria for venue selection are subjective; generally, cities with new ballparks and those who have not hosted the Game in many years – or evertend to get selected. Over time, this has resulted in certain cities being selected to host more often than others. Cleveland Stadium and the original Yankee Stadium have each hosted four All-Star Games, the most of any venue, and New York City has hosted more Games than any other city, having done so nine times in five different stadiums. At the same time, the New York Mets did not host for 48 seasons (1965–2012), while the Los Angeles Dodgers did not host for 42 years, (1980–2022; They were originally", "title": "Major League Baseball All-Star Game" }, { "docid": "61734549", "text": "Donovan Robert Walton (born May 25, 1994) is an American professional baseball infielder in the San Francisco Giants organization. He played college baseball for the Oklahoma State Cowboys. Walton was drafted by the Seattle Mariners in the 5th round of the 2016 MLB draft. He made his Major League Baseball (MLB) debut for the Mariners in 2019. Amateur career Walton attended Bishop Kelley High School in Tulsa, Oklahoma. He was drafted by the New York Mets in the 36th round of the 2012 MLB draft, but did not sign. Walton attended Oklahoma State University, where he played college baseball for the Cowboys, playing primarily shortstop, along with a number of games at second base. In 2014 and 2015 he played collegiate summer baseball in the Cape Cod Baseball League for the Yarmouth-Dennis Red Sox, where he was named East Division MVP of the league's all-star game and co-MVP of the playoffs in Yarmouth-Dennis' 2015 championship season. Walton was drafted by the Milwaukee Brewers in the 23rd round of the 2015 MLB draft, but did not sign and instead returned to OSU for his senior season. In 2016 in his senior season he batted .337/.428/.447. He was drafted by the Seattle Mariners in the 5th round of the 2016 MLB draft, after being noted for his plus glove and his ability to get on base, and signed with them. Professional career Seattle Mariners Walton played for the Low-A Everett AquaSox in 2016, hitting .281/.361/.421 with five home runs and 23 RBIs in 178 at bats as he played shortstop and second base. He was named a 2016 Northwest League mid-season All Star. He split the 2017 season between the AZL Mariners and the High-A Modesto Nuts, hitting a combined .271/.350/.388 with four home runs and 29 RBIs in 258 at bats. He was named a 2017 MiLB organization All Star. In 2018, he split the season between Modesto and the Double—A Arkansas Travelers, hitting a combined .273/.365/.381 with four home runs and 41 RBIs in 425 at bats, while primarily playing second base. He was named a 2018 California League Northern Division mid-season All Star, and a 2018 MiLB organization All Star. He returned to Arkansas for the 2019 minor league season, hitting .300/.390/.427 with 72 runs (7th in the Texas League), 11 home runs, 50 RBIs, 10 hit by pitch (3rd), 63 walks (2nd), and 75 strikeouts in 490 at bats, while primarily playing shortstop (where he had a .990 fielding percentage). He was awarded a 2019 MiLB Gold Glove, earned the Rawlings Minor League Gold Glove Award at shortstop, named a Texas League mid-season All Star, and named an MiLB organization All Star. The Mariners selected Walton's contract and promoted him to the major leagues on September 10, 2019. He made his major league debut that night as a defensive replacement versus the Cincinnati Reds. In 2020 in the major leagues, Walton recorded 2 hits in 13 at bats across 5 games. On May 31, 2021, Walton hit his", "title": "Donovan Walton" }, { "docid": "2203054", "text": "The All-Star Futures Game is an annual baseball exhibition game hosted by Major League Baseball (MLB) in conjunction with the mid-summer MLB All-Star Game. A team of American League-affiliated prospects competes against a team of National League-affiliated prospects. From the inaugural 1999 event through 2018, teams of prospects from the United States faced off against teams of prospects from other countries. Origins The Futures Game was conceived by Jimmie Lee Solomon, an Executive Vice President of Baseball Operations for Major League Baseball, looking for an event to showcase the minor leagues and round out the All-Star week festivities. Early versions of the game created marginal interest in the baseball community, but the event has attracted more attention in later years. Format Rosters are selected by a joint committee consisting of people from Major League Baseball, MLB.com, and Baseball America magazine. All 30 MLB organizations are represented, with up to two players from any organisation and 25 players per team. One team is made up of prospects from American League organizations and the other of National League prospects. From 1999 to 2018, teams were divided into U.S. and World teams based on place of birth. Any player selected to the All-Star Futures Game but promoted to the majors prior to the game is replaced. Players born in Puerto Rico were part of the World team despite being U.S. citizens by birth, because that territory has its own national baseball federation and national team. The game is played by the same rules listed in the Official Baseball Rules published by Major League Baseball. Exceptions are game duration and the handling of tie games. From 2008 through 2018, games lasted 9 innings. From 1999 to 2007 and since 2019, games last seven innings. Through 2018, up to two extra innings were available to settle a tie after playing all regulation innings. In 2019 and since 2021, one extra inning may be played, with each half-inning starting with a runner at second base, the last player put out. The home team wins if they take the lead in the 7th or 8th inning; the visitors win if they hang on in either inning; the game is over if it is tied after eight. Changes in 2008 Two major changes took place in the 2008 game: For the first time, the United States team was drawn from the pool of players selected by USA Baseball for the 2008 Summer Olympics in Beijing. The game lasted nine innings in regulation, rather than seven. Changes in 2019 Two major changes took place in the 2019 game: The teams are now called the National League and American League. Players for each are drawn from affiliates of MLB teams in the corresponding MLB leagues. The regulation game is now seven innings. If the game is tied after seven, one additional inning is played, with each batting team starting its half with a runner on second base. The 2019 game was tied at two after seven innings of regulation, no", "title": "All-Star Futures Game" }, { "docid": "23321073", "text": "David John LeMahieu (; born July 13, 1988) is an American professional baseball infielder for the New York Yankees of Major League Baseball (MLB). He previously played for the Chicago Cubs and Colorado Rockies. The Cubs selected LeMahieu in the second round of the 2009 MLB draft out of LSU, and he made his MLB debut for the Cubs in 2011 before being traded to the Rockies before the 2012 season. With Colorado, LeMahieu won Gold Glove Awards in 2014, 2017, and 2018, was named an All-Star in 2015 and 2017, and won the National League batting title in 2016. As a free agent after the 2018 season, he signed a two-year contract with the Yankees, where he has played as a third baseman, second baseman, and occasionally as a first baseman. His versatility on defense and hitting ability earned LeMahieu the nickname \"LeMachine\" from Yankees teammate Gary Sánchez. He was also called \"Big Fundy\" due to his fundamentally sound techniques. With the Yankees, he was named a starter on the 2019 All-Star team, and won his first career Silver Slugger Award that year. LeMahieu won the American League batting title in 2020, becoming the first player in the modern era to win a batting title in each league. Early life and career LeMahieu was born in Visalia, California. His family moved to Madison, Wisconsin, while DJ was in middle school, then to Michigan, where he attended Brother Rice High School in Bloomfield Township. He played as a shortstop and pitcher for the school's baseball team. In his senior year, as a leadoff hitter, he batted .574 with eight home runs, 16 doubles, seven triples, 70 runs scored, 32 runs batted in, and 39 stolen bases. He recorded two strikeouts in 92 at bats. His career average in high school was .459 with 201 hits. As a junior, he was an Aflac All-American. He was also a two-time Gatorade player of the year and Louisville Slugger Player of the Year for the State of Michigan. After his senior year at Brother Rice, he was selected by the Detroit Tigers of Major League Baseball (MLB) in the 2007 MLB draft in the 41st round. He did not sign with Detroit so that he could attend college. College career LeMahieu enrolled at Louisiana State University (LSU) to play college baseball for the LSU Tigers. As a freshman at LSU, for the 2008 season, he started in 67 of 68 games, hit .337 overall, and helped LSU reach the NCAA post-season play for the first time since 2005. In the post-season, he was selected to the All-Tournament team for the Baton Rouge regional after hitting .300 and scoring seven runs. In between his only two college baseball seasons, LeMahieu was part of the 2008 Harwich Mariners team in the Cape Cod Baseball League, where he was named a league all-star, earned the team's regular-season MVP award, and was named the No. 6 prospect in the Cape Cod League by Baseball America magazine. The", "title": "DJ LeMahieu" }, { "docid": "64463035", "text": "The 2022 Major League Baseball All-Star Game was the 92nd Major League Baseball All-Star Game, held between the American League (AL) and the National League (NL) of Major League Baseball (MLB). The game was hosted by the Los Angeles Dodgers at Dodger Stadium. The game was played on July 19, broadcast nationally by Fox television and ESPN Radio. The American League defeated the National League 3–2, for its ninth straight All-Star Game win. Coincidentally, the previous time Dodger Stadium hosted the game in 1980, that year's result gave the National League its ninth straight win as well. Background Host selection The Dodgers were awarded the 2022 MLB All-Star Game after the 2020 contest, which they were originally scheduled to host, was canceled due to the COVID-19 pandemic in the United States. This marked the first time in 42 years (and fourth time overall) that the Dodgers hosted an All-Star Game, the previous occurrences being in 1949 at Ebbets Field in Brooklyn (when the franchise played as the Brooklyn Dodgers), 1959 at Los Angeles Memorial Coliseum, and 1980 at Dodger Stadium. Roster selections The starting rosters for each league's position players plus designated hitter (DH) were determined by fan balloting, which was conducted in two phases. New in 2022, the first-phase top vote-getter for each league automatically received a spot in the starting lineup. The top two vote-getters for every other non-pitching position and DH advanced to the second phase of voting. There are normally six finalists for the three outfield positions in each league, except when an outfielder is the top vote-getter, in which case there are four finalists for the remaining two outfield positions. Voting does not carry over between phases. First phase voting was held from June 8 through June 30, and second phase voting was held from July 5 through July 8. All voting was conducted online, at MLB.com or via the MLB app. Starting players, as selected via voting, were announced on July 8. Reserve position players and all pitchers—selected \"via 'Player Ballot' choices and selections made by the Commissioner’s Office\"—were announced on July 10. The final roster size of each team was planned to be 32 players. All-Star legacy selections MLB announced on July 8 that Albert Pujols and Miguel Cabrera had been added as the 33rd player for the NL and AL, respectively, in celebration of their career achievements. This was the 11th All-Star selection for Pujols and the 12th for Cabrera. Logo and uniforms The 2022 All-Star Game logo was shaped after the hexagonal DodgerVision video boards at Dodger Stadium, with gold-trimmed Art Deco lettering as a nod to Hollywood. This was originally unveiled as the logo for the canceled 2020 All-Star Game, but was ultimately recycled for the 2022 game. Uniforms for the American League were in dark gray, while uniforms for the National League were in white. Team logos and letters were in gold with black trim. Caps were black featuring each team's logo in gold and black embellishments, along with", "title": "2022 Major League Baseball All-Star Game" }, { "docid": "19058865", "text": "is a Japanese former professional baseball player and current manager, who spent his entire 19-year career with Nippon Professional Baseball's Yomiuri Giants, serving as the team's captain from 2007 to 2014. He has twice been named the MVP of the Nippon Professional Baseball All-Star Series, in 2007 (Game 1) and 2010 (Game 1). Career As a player In the 2009 Japan Series, won by Abe's Giants 4 games to 2 over the Hokkaido Nippon-Ham Fighters, he was named the Most Valuable Player. In 2012, after hitting .340 with 27 home runs and 104 RBIs, Abe was named the Central League Most Valuable Player. In addition, Abe was the co-recipient (along with teammate Tatsunori Hara) of the 2012 Matsutaro Shoriki Award. He was the captain of Japanese national team in 2013 WBC, and hit 2 home runs in the same inning against the Netherlands, becoming the first and only player to achieve such a feat in the history of the WBC. With 406 career home runs, Abe ranks 18th on the NPB career list. On September 24, 2019, Abe announced he would retire after the 2019 season, his 19th in NPB. As a coach Abe was named the manager of the Giants' second squad for the 2020 season. On October 4, 2023, Abe was named the Tatsunori Hara's successor as manager for the main club, after Hara announced his intention to step down. International career He was selected Japan national baseball team at the 1997 Intercontinental Cup, 1999 Asian Baseball Championship, 2000 Summer Olympics, 2007 Asian Baseball Championship, 2008 Summer Olympics, 2009 World Baseball Classic, 2012 exhibition games against Cuba and 2013 World Baseball Classic. Also, he was selected Nippon Professional Baseball All-Stars at the 2004 MLB Japan All-Star Series and the 2006 MLB Japan All-Star Series. On November 16, 2018, he was selected Yomiuri Giants roster at the 2018 MLB Japan All-Star Series exhibition game against MLB All-Stars. References External links Career statistics - NPB.jp Japan Baseball Daily 1979 births Asian Games medalists in baseball Asian Games silver medalists for Japan Baseball players at the 1998 Asian Games Baseball players at the 2000 Summer Olympics Baseball players at the 2008 Summer Olympics Baseball people from Chiba Prefecture Chuo University alumni Living people Managers of baseball teams in Japan Medalists at the 1998 Asian Games Nippon Professional Baseball catchers Nippon Professional Baseball first basemen Nippon Professional Baseball MVP Award winners Olympic baseball players for Japan People from Urayasu, Chiba Yomiuri Giants players Yomiuri Giants managers 2009 World Baseball Classic players 2013 World Baseball Classic players", "title": "Shinnosuke Abe" }, { "docid": "28413468", "text": "Manuel Arturo Machado (; born July 6, 1992) is an American professional baseball third baseman and shortstop for the San Diego Padres of Major League Baseball (MLB). Very highly recruited from an early age, he was raised in Miami, where he attended Brito High School and was drafted by the Baltimore Orioles with the third overall pick in the 2010 MLB draft. He bats and throws right-handed. He has played for the Dominican Republic national baseball team. Machado made his MLB debut in August 2012. Machado had his breakout year in 2013, earning a spot on the American League (AL) All-Star team on his way to leading the league in doubles with 51. He was also recognized as one of the best fielders in the game, winning a Gold Glove Award. Machado won his second Gold Glove in 2015, and made the All-Star Game in 2015, 2016, 2018, 2021, and 2022. His defensive prowess has earned him frequent comparisons to former Orioles third baseman and Hall of Famer Brooks Robinson. In 2018, an impending free agent, Machado was traded to the Los Angeles Dodgers and helped the team reach the World Series. That offseason, Machado signed a 10-year, $300 million contract with the Padres, the richest contract in the history of North American sports at the time. Early life Machado was born and raised in Miami, Florida. He was raised by his mother, Rosa Machado, his grandfather, Francisco Nunez, and his uncle, Geovanny Brito. He is of Dominican heritage. Machado grew up in Hialeah alongside former Cincinnati Reds outfielder Albert Almora, and while they are not related by blood they consider each other to be cousins. Machado attended Brito Miami Private School in Miami, and committed to attend Florida International University. He grew up a fan of the Miami Marlins. Professional career Minor leagues Machado was selected third overall in the 2010 MLB draft by the Baltimore Orioles. He was the second high school player drafted, as well as the second position player. He signed a $5.25 million contract, just minutes before the deadline on August 16, 2010. While his agent Scott Boras was negotiating his contract, Machado spent the summer of 2010 playing for USA Baseball's 18-and-under national team. Machado was introduced to the Orioles in mid-September when the Orioles hosted the New York Yankees. On August 22, Machado reported to the Orioles minor league complex to join the Gulf Coast League Orioles. Machado made his professional debut with the Gulf Coast League Orioles on August 27, 2010, where he went 0-for-3 with a strikeout. He played as the designated hitter. Machado hit his first professional home run in his second game with the Orioles. Machado made his debut with the Low-A Aberdeen IronBirds of the New York–Penn League on August 30, 2010, where he went 1-for-3 with a single. He played shortstop, instead of being the DH, as he did with the Orioles, and he was pulled after the fifth inning. Machado began the 2011 season with the", "title": "Manny Machado" } ]

[ "Nationals Park" ]

[ { "docid": "8075134", "text": "The Crucible is a 1961 English language opera written by Robert Ward based on the 1953 play The Crucible by Arthur Miller. It won both the 1962 Pulitzer Prize for Music and the New York Music Critics Circle Citation. The libretto was lightly adapted from Miller's text by Bernard Stambler. Ward received a commission from the New York City Opera to write the opera. Arthur Miller was involved in selecting Ward. It is one of the most performed operas by an American composer. Performance history The Crucible premiered on 26 October 1961 at the New York City Opera (NYCO), with Chester Ludgin as John Proctor, and Norman Treigle as the Reverend John Hale. The production was staged by Allen Fletcher, used scenery designed by Paul Sylbert, and costumes designed by Ruth Morely. The work was next performed in student productions at the University of California, Los Angeles and The Hartt School in West Hartford, Connecticut in 1964. The opera was mounted by the San Francisco Opera for the first time on June 22, 1965 with much of the same cast as the NYCO production. In 1968 the NYCO revived the production, It has since been staged by the Lake George Opera (1966), the Seattle Opera (1968), the Pennsylvania Opera Theater (1989), Central City Opera (1998) and the Tulsa Opera (1995) and Glimmerglass Festival (2016). In April 2020, \"The Crucible\" was scheduled to be performed by the University of Kentucky Opera Theatre. The Opera was a produced by The Washington Opera in December 1999. The new production was directed by Australian Bruce Beresford best known for his work on the film Driving Miss Daisey. Musical Director and Conductor was Daniel Beckwith. Mr. Ward attended the company's tech week and provided much appreciated input. The German premiere in 1963 at Staatstheater Wiesbaden was received with harsh criticism. In 2015 the film director Hugh Hudson gave his premiere as an opera director with The Crucible at Staatstheater Braunschweig. In 2001, the opera was staged in the City Theatre in Ústí nad Labem, Czech Republic, with Robert Ward conducting. The Crucible had its Australian premiere on 10 October 2008 at the Western Australian Academy of Performing Arts, forty-seven years after its world premiere. It was performed by senior opera-students, conducted by Justin Bischof and directed by Leith Taylor. The Crucible was performed at the University of South Carolina in the fall of 2022. University College Opera performed the UK premiere of The Crucible in March 2024 at the Bloomsbury Theatre, conducted by Matt Scott Rogers and directed by Eleanor Strutt. Roles Story The play takes place during the 1692 Salem witch trials. The Arthur Miller play on which it was based was written as an allegory for McCarthyism and the Red Scare, which occurred in the United States in the 1950s. Miller was himself questioned by the House Committee on Un-American Activities in 1956. Several women and men in the town are accused of witchcraft by a group of young girls led by Abigail", "title": "The Crucible (opera)" }, { "docid": "1040666", "text": "John Hale (June 3, 1636 – May 15, 1700) was the Puritan pastor of Beverly, Massachusetts, and took part in the Salem witch trials in 1692. He was one of the most prominent and influential ministers associated with the witch trials, being noted as having initially supported the trials and then changing his mind and publishing a critique of them. His book, A Modest Enquiry Into the Nature of Witchcraft was published posthumously, two years after his death. The book provides an alternative Christian theory for what actually happened in Salem in 1692, with Hale theorizing that demons impersonated the accused and appeared in their forms to the afflicted. He most likely changed his views about those executed for \"being witches\" due to the fact that his own wife was accused as being a witch, though never prosecuted. Biography John Hale was born on June 3, 1636, in Charlestown, Massachusetts Bay Colony. The oldest child of Robert Hale, a blacksmith, he was educated at Harvard College in Cambridge, graduating in 1657. He began preaching in Bass-river-side, later called Beverly, about 1664, and was ordained as the first minister of the parish church there on September 20, 1667, when the congregation formally separated from Salem. He married his first wife, Rebecca Byly, on December 15, 1664, and she died April 13, 1683, at the age of 45. As a child, Hale had witnessed the execution of Margaret Jones, the first of 15 people to be executed for witchcraft in New England, between 1648 and 1663. He was present at the examinations and trials of various people who were accused of witchcraft in the Salem witch trials of 1692, and supported the work of the court. However, on November 14, 1692, 17-year-old Mary Herrick accused his second wife, Sarah Noyes Hale, and the ghost of executed Mary Eastey of afflicting her, but his wife was never formally charged or arrested. A later commentator on the trials, Charles Upham suggests that this accusation was one that helped turn public opinion to end the prosecutions, and spurred Hale's willingness to reconsider his support of the trials. After the trials, Sarah died and Hale began writing his book \"A Modest Inquiry into the Nature of Witchcraft\", in which he suggested the fear of witchcraft was so great that it impaired the judgment of everyone involved in the trials, possibly resulting in the death of innocent people. Hale died at the age of 63 in 1700, and the book was published two years later. Adaptation in 'The Crucible' In Arthur Miller's 1953 play The Crucible, a fictional portrayal of Hale appears in Act I in a request from Samuel Parris that he examine his daughter, Betty Parris. Hale's quick visit to examine Betty causes him to become one of the main characters in the play. Hale is depicted as a young minister who has devoted most of his life to the study of witchcraft and other demonic arts in the hope of being able to destroy", "title": "John Hale (minister)" }, { "docid": "6322788", "text": "Mary Ann Warren ( 1674 — 1710) was an accuser and later confessed witch during the 1692 Salem witch trials. She was a servant for John and Elizabeth Proctor. Renouncing her claims after threats of beating from her master, she was later accused and arrested for allegedly practicing witchcraft herself, after which she again became afflicted and accused others of witchcraft. Her life after the trials is unknown. Salem Witch Trials In early March 1692, Warren began having fits, claiming that she saw the ghost of Giles Corey. John Proctor told her she was just seeing his shadow, and put her to work at the spinning wheel, threatening to beat her if she pretended to have any more fits. For some time, she did not report any more sightings, but she started to have fits again. Warren was kept hard at work at the Proctor home and was told that if she ran into fire or water during one of her fits, she would not be rescued. When her seizures did stop, she posted a note at the Meeting House one Sabbath eve to request prayers of thanks. That night, Warren stated that John Proctor woke her to torment her about posting the note. On April 3, 1692, Samuel Parris read Mary's note to the church members, who began to question Warren after the Sunday services. Some took her answers to their questions to mean that the girls had lied. Warren told them she felt better now and could tell the difference between reality and visions. The other girls became angry with Mary and began accusing her of being a witch because she had told the high court that all the girls were lying that they saw the devil. She was formally accused of witchcraft on April 18, 1692. Under questioning she continued to have fits, confessing under duress to witchcraft and began to accuse various people, including the Proctors, of witchcraft. Having confessed to witchcraft herself, she was eventually released from prison in June 1692. It is not known what happened to Warren after the trials ended, though John Hale’s book \"A Modest Inquiry Into the Nature of Witchcraft\" (written in 1697 and published in 1702) mentions an afflicted girl who suffered from \"diabolical manifestation\" until her death and died a single woman. Since all but three of the accusers had married or were alive by the book's publication, it is possible he was talking about Warren. The Crucible Mary Warren is a character in the play The Crucible by Arthur Miller. True to the historical record, she is a maid for John Proctor, and becomes involved in the Salem witch hunt as one of the accusers, led by Abigail Williams. Mary Warren has a very weak character, giving in to pressure a number of times. Proctor manages to convince her to reveal that she and the other accusers have been fabricating their stories and \"supernatural experiences\" that have resulted in the arrest of many innocents. However, Warren’s confession", "title": "Mary Warren (Salem witch trials)" } ]

[ { "docid": "37862736", "text": "The 2013 World Snooker Championship (officially the 2013 Betfair World Snooker Championship) was a professional snooker tournament that took place from 20 April to 6 May 2013 at the Crucible Theatre in Sheffield, England. It was the 37th consecutive year the Crucible had hosted the World Snooker Championship; the 2013 event was the last ranking tournament of the 2012–13 snooker season. Sports betting company Betfair sponsored the event for the first time. Despite having missed virtually the entire season, defending champion Ronnie O'Sullivan did not lose one session in the tournament and defeated Barry Hawkins 18–12 in the final to become a five-time World Champion, joining Steve Davis and Stephen Hendry as the only players to have successfully defended their titles at the Crucible. O'Sullivan broke Hendry's record of 127 career centuries at the Crucible, finishing the tournament with 131, and also became the first player to make six century breaks in a World Championship final. Of the 55 century breaks made during the event, Neil Robertson made the highest , a 143, in his first-round loss to Robert Milkins. Overview The World Snooker Championship is an annual cue sport tournament and the official professional world championship of the game of snooker. Since 1977, the Crucible Theatre in Sheffield has hosted the event. During the tournament, 32 professional players compete in one-on-one snooker matches in a single elimination format, each of which is played over several . The event's 32-player lineup is selected using the snooker world rankings and a pre-tournament qualification round. English player Ronnie O'Sullivan won the previous year's championship by defeating fellow countryman Ali Carter in the final 18–11. The winner of the 2013 event earned prize money of £250,000, from a pool of £1,111,000. Sports betting company Betfair sponsored the event for the first time in 2013. Format The 2013 World Snooker Championship was held between 20 April and 6 May 2013 in Sheffield, England. It was the last of 11 rankings events in the 2012–13 snooker season on the World Snooker Tour. The tournament featured a 32-player main draw that took place at the Crucible Theatre and a 92-player qualifying draw that was played on 6 and 11 April 2015 at the English Institute of Sport. This was the 45th successive world championship to be contested using the knockout format after reverting from a challenge match system in the 1960s. Ordinarily the top-16 players in the world rankings automatically qualified for the main draw as seeded players. Despite not playing a competitive event since the last world championship, Ronnie O'Sullivan was seeded first overall as the defending champion; the remaining 15 seeds were allocated using the latest world rankings, which were released after the China Open, the penultimate event of the season. The number of frames needed to win a match increased with each round of the main draw, starting with best-of-19-frames matches in the first round and ending with the final, which was played as a best-of-35-frames match. Prize fund The event had a", "title": "2013 World Snooker Championship" }, { "docid": "33831203", "text": "The Snooker Legends was created in 2009 by Jason Francis at Premier Stage Productions to stage events for retired and current snooker players to play exhibition matches once again in some of snooker's most iconic venues. In 2017, Snooker Legends promoted and held its first professional event the 2017 World Seniors Championship. Later in 2017 they created the World Seniors Tour for players aged 40 and above. This tour consisted of four non-ranking events in the 2017/2018 season. They introduced an invitational event in the 2021/2022 season. In early 2022 The 'Merseyside Masters' was staged in Liverpool. History 2010 The first event was 8 April 2010 and saw Jimmy White, Cliff Thorburn, John Parrott, John Virgo, Michaela Tabb and Alex Higgins return to the Crucible Theatre in Sheffield. The event is best remembered as the last time Alex Higgins played snooker as he died in July that year. Alex was replaced by Dennis Taylor and the tour also featured guest appearances by Ray Reardon, Tony Knowles and Ken Doherty. The highlight of the tour was a maximum 147 break in Redhill by Jimmy White. 2011 In 2011, a further 30 events were held and Ronnie O'Sullivan, Kirk Stevens, Doug Mountjoy, Tony Drago joined the team. In Dundalk Jimmy White again had a maximum break, however this was from the break off without his opponent ever having a shot. 2012 In 2012, events saw Steve Davis and Stephen Hendry join the team. 'The Legends Cup' was staged in Bedworth where a team from England and Northern Ireland beat a team from The Rest of the World 18–16. In 2012 Snooker Legends staged a series of 7 events between Ronnie O'Sullivan and Jimmy White. In the first match in Croydon Ronnie made a maximum 147 break, the 3rd perfect break since the tour began. 2013 In 2013, there were 12 events held on the Snooker Legends tour. This included the Legends Cup which was again staged in Bedworth on 10–12 May, and coverage was broadcast live on Eurosport. The teams were England and Northern Ireland vs The Rest of the World, with Dennis Taylor and Cliff Thorburn as respective captains. The Rest of the World won 18–14. Other events in the same year included the additions of Mark Williams and Joe Johnson to the tour. The format was changed to include doubles matches as well as the single matches, and also involved a colour clearance time challenge in which two teams of doubles cleared only the colours as quickly as they could alternating shots. The exhibitions also gave members of the audience a chance to play a doubles match with the professional players. 2014 The tour started off with visits to Guildford where Chelsea Footballer John Terry played and also Southend, Watford and Durham. In April the legends went back to the crucible with the addition of Joe Johnson and Tony Knowles and then in May moved onto Ipswich and Hamm in Germany. A snookerlegends app was created to show live streaming", "title": "Snooker Legends" }, { "docid": "5049508", "text": "The 1991 World Snooker Championship (also referred to as the 1991 Embassy World Snooker Championship for the purposes of sponsorship) was a professional ranking snooker tournament that took place between 20 April and 6 May 1991 at the Crucible Theatre in Sheffield, England. Stephen Hendry was the defending champion, but he lost in the quarter-finals to Steve James and thus fell to the Crucible curse, becoming another champion who was unable to defend his first world title. John Parrott won his only World Championship title by defeating Jimmy White 18–11 in the final. It was the third time that White had lost in the final after 1984 and 1990. The tournament was sponsored by cigarette manufacturer Embassy. The highest break of the tournament was 140, made by Jimmy White. Tournament summary Future champion Ken Doherty made his Crucible debut, losing to Steve Davis 8–10; former champion Joe Johnson qualified for the last time, losing to Dennis Taylor 6–10. Both of these were first-round matches. Future three-time semi-finalist Alan McManus also made his debut this year. He came through five rounds of qualifying and reached the second round at the Crucible, where he narrowly lost 12–13 to Terry Griffiths. Ray Reardon the six time world champion announced his retirement from the game after losing his second round qualifying match 10–5 to Jason Prince. Reardon was a professional since 1967. Cliff Thorburn failed to qualify for the first time, after playing in every championship since 1973. In the 4th frame of his first round match against Doug Mountjoy, Gary Wilkinson potted 15 reds and 15 blacks to make a break of 120. With all 6 colours on their spots, Wilkinson had a golden chance of clinching a 147 maximum break and a £100,000 prize, but Wilkinson then missed the yellow, which wobbled in the jaws of the pocket. The 14th frame of the second round match between Steve Davis and Tony Meo took 70 minutes, including a 33-minute spell on just the final yellow and green. Meo won the frame by the bizarre score of 87–72, which included many foul points. Undeterred, Davis then won the next five frames to win 13–6. One of the matches of the tournament was the second round match between Jimmy White and Neal Foulds. White took early leads of 3–0 and 4–2, but then fell 4–6 behind. In the 13th frame, when 5–7 behind, White made the highest break of the tournament, a 140. Foulds kept a one or two frame lead until he pulled three frames clear at 11–8. White then responded by winning five of the last six frames, including the final two frames, to win 13–12. White's quarter final against the in form Gary Wilkinson was expected to be a close affair, but White won 13–3. Defending champion Stephen Hendry lost to Steve James 11–13 in the quarter-finals, despite Hendry having led 11–9. Hendry would not suffer another defeat at the Crucible until the 1997 final against Ken Doherty. Steve Davis made his", "title": "1991 World Snooker Championship" }, { "docid": "131279", "text": "Midland is a borough located along the Ohio River in western Beaver County, Pennsylvania, United States. As of the 2020 census, the population was 2,433. It is part of the Pittsburgh metropolitan area. Founded in 1906, it was initially a company town surrounding the Crucible Steel Company's Midland Works. History Native American petroglyphs exist in the area surrounding Midland, including on Babbs Island, the Little Beaver Creek, and Shippingport Bridge. In 1905, Pittsburgh agent T. K. Miller purchased land on behalf of a group of industrialists who would form the Midland Steel Company and with it, the borough of Midland as a company town in 1906. Other companies would begin operations in the town as well. In 1911, Midland Steel Company sold its operations to the Pittsburgh Crucible Steel Company, a division of the larger Crucible Steel Company of America. By the end of the First World War, Crucible employed 2,700 men. The contraction of the American steel industry in the 1960s and 1970s forced layoffs at the Crucible plant and a decline in the borough's population. During the 1980s, the American Iron and Steel Institute reported that more than 200,000 steelworkers in the U.S. had lost their jobs, and more than 400 mills and plant divisions were closing, including Crucible's Midland plant. Jones & Laughlin Steel bought the Midland plant and merged with Republic Steel to form the LTV Steel Corporation, which went bankrupt in 2001, accelerating the decline of the borough's economy. Geography Midland is located in western Beaver County at (40.638273, −80.452455). According to the United States Census Bureau, the borough has a total area of , of which is land and , or 9.13%, is water. Pennsylvania Route 68 (Midland Avenue) is the main street through the community, leading east into Industry and west to Glasgow and the Ohio border. Pennsylvania Route 168 joins PA-68 along Midland Avenue through the center of town but splits off to the south to cross the Ohio River via the Shippingport Bridge, and climbs out of the river valley to the north via Fairview Road. Surrounding and adjacent neighborhoods Midland has two land borders, with Industry to the northeast and Ohioville to the northwest. Across the Ohio River to the southeast, Midland runs mostly adjacent with Greene Township with a short alignment with Shippingport to the southwest. Demographics As of the 2000 census, there were 3,137 people, 1,424 households, and 817 families residing in the borough. The population density was . There were 1,651 housing units at an average density of . The racial makeup of the borough was 75.71% White, 20.85% African American, 0.45% Native American, 0.89% from other races, and 2.10% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 3.70% of the population. There were 1,424 households, out of which 24.6% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 34.1% were married couples living together, 18.1% had a female householder with no husband present, and 42.6% were non-families. 38.7% of all households", "title": "Midland, Pennsylvania" }, { "docid": "11731664", "text": "Vacuum arc remelting (VAR) is a secondary melting process for production of metal ingots with elevated chemical and mechanical homogeneity for highly demanding applications. The VAR process has revolutionized the specialty traditional metallurgical techniques industry, and has made possible tightly-controlled materials used in biomedical, aviation and aerospace. Overview VAR is used most frequently in high value applications. It is an additional processing step to improve the quality of metal. Because it is time consuming and expensive, a majority of commercial alloys do not employ the process. Nickel, titanium, and specialty steels are materials most often processed with this method. The conventional path for production of titanium alloys includes single, double or even triple VAR processing. Use of this technique over traditional methods presents several advantages: The solidification rate of molten material can be tightly controlled. This allows a high degree of control over the microstructure as well as the ability to minimize segregation The gases dissolved in liquid metal during melting metals in open furnaces, such as nitrogen, oxygen and hydrogen are considered to be detrimental to the majority of steels and alloys. Under vacuum conditions these gases escape from liquid metal. Elements with high vapor pressure such as carbon, sulfur, and magnesium (frequently contaminants) are lowered in concentration. Centerline porosity and segregation are eliminated. Certain metals and alloys, such as Ti, cannot be melted in open air furnaces Process description The alloy to undergo VAR is formed into a cylinder typically by vacuum induction melting (VIM) or ladle refining (airmelt). This cylinder, referred to as an electrode is then put into a large cylindrical enclosed crucible and brought to a metallurgical vacuum (). At the bottom of the crucible is a small amount of the alloy to be remelted, which the top electrode is brought close to prior to starting the melt. Several kiloamperes of DC current are used to start an arc between the two pieces, thus a continuous melt is derived. The crucible (typically made of copper) is surrounded by a water jacket to cool the melt and control the solidification rate. To prevent arcing between the electrode and the crucible walls, the diameter of the crucible is larger than the electrode. As a result, the electrode must be lowered as the melt consumes it. Control of the current, cooling water, and electrode gap is essential to effective control of the process and production of defect-free material. Ideally, the melt rate stays constant throughout the process cycle, but monitoring and control of the vacuum arc remelting process is not simple. This is because there is a complex heat transfer occurring involving conduction, radiation, convection within the liquid metal, and advection caused by the Lorentz force. Ensuring the consistency of the melt process in terms of pool geometry, and melt rate is crucial in ensuring the best possible properties of the alloy. Materials and applications The VAR process is used on many different materials. Certain applications almost always use a material that has been VAR treated. A list", "title": "Vacuum arc remelting" }, { "docid": "4932695", "text": "The 1984 World Snooker Championship (also referred to as the 1984 Embassy World Snooker Championship for the purpose of sponsorship) was a ranking professional snooker tournament that took place between 21 April and 7 May 1984 at the Crucible Theatre in Sheffield, England. The event was organised by the World Professional Billiards and Snooker Association, and was the eighth consecutive World Snooker Championship to be held at the Crucible since the 1977 event. The event featured 94 participants, of which 78 players competed in a qualifying event held at the Redwood Lodge in Bristol from 1 to 13 April. Of these, 16 players qualified for the main stage in Sheffield, where they met 16 invited seeds. The total prize fund for the event was £200,000, the highest total pool for any snooker tournament at that time; the winner received £44,000. The defending champion was English player Steve Davis, who had won the title twice previously. He met fellow-countryman Jimmy White in the final, which was played as a best-of-35- match. Davis took a significant lead of 12–4 after the first two sessions; although White battled back into the match, Davis eventually won 18–16, becoming the first player to retain the title at the Crucible. Rex Williams secured the championship's highest , scoring a 138 in the 12th frame of his first-round loss to White. Eight were made during the competition, the fewest since the 1978 event. The tournament was sponsored by cigarette manufacturer Embassy, and broadcast by BBC. Tournament format The 1984 World Snooker Championship was a professional snooker tournament that took place between 21 April and 7 May 1984 at the Crucible Theatre in Sheffield, England. The event was the 1984 edition of the World Snooker Championship, which was first held in 1927. It was the last ranking event of the 1984–85 snooker season on the World Snooker Tour. The event was organised by World Snooker and the World Professional Billiards and Snooker Association (WPBSA). There were a total of 94 entrants from the tour, with one player withdrawing, and the competition's main draw had 32 participants. A three-round knockout qualifying competition with 78 players was held from 1 to 13 April, producing the 16 qualifying players who progressed into the main draw to play the top 16 seeds. The top 16 players in the latest world rankings automatically qualified for the main draw as seeded players. As defending champion, Steve Davis was seeded first for the event; the remaining 15 were allocated based on world rankings for the previous season. Matches in the first round of the main draw were played as best-of-19-frames. The number of frames needed to win a match increased to 13 in the second round and quarter-finals, and 16 in the semi-finals; the final match was played as best-of-35-frames. The tournament was televised on BBC in the United Kingdom. During the last session of the final, the number of viewers varied from 6.3 million (when popular soap opera Coronation Street aired on ITV) to", "title": "1984 World Snooker Championship" }, { "docid": "36747108", "text": "Crucible is a census-designated place and coal town in Greene County, Pennsylvania, United States. Their post office opened in 1914. The 2010 census reported Crucible with a population of 725. 70.6% of households are families, with an average family size of 3.02. History The community of Crucible was built around a coal mine operated by Crucible Coal, Co. Some sources cite that the mine opened in 1910, but others claim that the official opening was in 1913 after the sale of to Crucible Coal, Co. Crucible had many features typical of a coal town, including company housing, a company store, and a post office. At its peak in 1953, the mine employed 903 people. Over the course of its operation, the mine produced 36.5 million tons of coal. The mine closed in 1961. The community of Crucible had its own school, which operated under the umbrella of the Carmichaels Area School District, until the 1991-1992 school year, when the new elementary school in Carmichaels opened. The school has subsequently been shut down, but had been used as a haunted house for fundraisers and as a training facility for the local volunteer fire department; it has been demolished. Geography Crucible is located in northeastern Greene County, in the northern part of Cumberland Township, on the south side of the Monongahela River. The CDP begins at the riverbank and extends south up the river bluff to a plateau where most of the houses are located. The borough of Rices Landing is to the west, and Carmichaels is to the south. According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the Crucible CDP has a total area of , of which are land and , or 8.91%, are water. Demographics Today There are multiple types of homes in the \"patch\", including one-story single family homes, two-story single family homes, and two-story multiple family homes, or duplexes. Some, if not many, of the homes were built around 1913, when the mine opened. The 2010 census reports that there were 315 housing units at the time of the survey. The Department of Health currently classifies Crucible, as well as some of the surrounding areas in Greene County, as a medically underserved area. The Census Bureau's 2011-2015 American Community Survey 5-Year estimates show an unemployment rate of 16.9%. It also reports an average household income of $44,884, but a per capita income of only $14,577. 30.7% of families have had their incomes below the federal poverty level in the past 12 months, and 44.6% of families have received SNAP/food stamp benefits in the past 12 months. The community currently has a post office, a playground, and two citizen's clubs. The community had a very active volunteer fire department that was ultimately disbanded in April 2023. The churches in Crucible have been closed, including St. Mary's Catholic Church, although its cemetery is still maintained. Churches nearby, include Greene Valley Church of God and Hewitt Presbyterian Church. There are no stores in Crucible, but residents can travel to nearby Dry Tavern", "title": "Crucible, Pennsylvania" }, { "docid": "14956214", "text": "Osceola Marie Adams ( Macarthy; June 13, 1890 – November 11, 1983), known professionally by the stage name Osceola Archer, was one of the first Black actresses to appear on Broadway in Between Two Worlds in 1934. Speaking of Adams' decade-long role as director of some three dozen productions at the Putnam County Playhouse, actor Carl Harms noted she was likely also the first African-American director of summer stock. Adams was known as one of the Howard University student co-founders of the Delta Sigma Theta sorority, now the nation's largest organization of its kind. It was founded the same year as the women's 1913 suffragette march on Washington, which Adams attended. Performing arts A one-time clothing designer at Chicago's J. Reinhardt firm, Adams' passion for the performing arts led to her graduate degree in the field, nearly 25 years after she completed college, as well as a career as an actress that spanned radio, film and television and, above all, theatre. Her stage performances included work at the National Theater in The Crucible and Ring Around the Moon, appearances in a New York Shakespeare Festival production and multiple Broadway productions including The Emperor Jones with Paul Robeson, Arthur Miller's Broadway version of The Crucible, and such plays as The Guide, Debut, the Cat Screams, Panic and Between Two Worlds. As the Director of the Studio Theatre School at the American Negro Theatre (ANT), Adams taught students like Sidney Poitier and Harry Belafonte. That experience was complemented by her nearly decade-long involvement with the Putnam County Playhouse, during which Adams directed nearly three dozen plays, alongside Lee Marvin, Isabel Sanford and Mike Nichols. For all that, the capstone of her directing career may have been a 1948 command performance of Sojourner Truth at the ANT for First Lady Eleanor Roosevelt in 1948. In 1973, Delta Sigma Theta created \"The Osceola\" to recognize distinguished achievement in the Arts in Adams' honor and, in 1978, the Audelco Recognition Awards honored her as an \"Outstanding Pioneer\"on behalf of the Black community in the performing arts. Adams appeared on radio, television, film and, of course, theatre throughout her career, but in her last decade she turned to commercials, which she continued to perform in until age 88. Howard University Adams was a leader in Howard's Dramatic Club where she matriculated as part of Howard University's Class of 1913, and also studied ancient Greek and philosophy. On January 13, 1913, she was one of 22 women who co-founded the Alpha chapter of Delta Sigma Theta Sorority, Incorporated at Howard University. As documented in the Suffragists in Washington, D.C.: The 1913 Parade and the Fight for the Vote, Adams and her 21 co-founders attended the suffragette march, paving the way for future Black political activism despite their confinement to a segregated section during the event. A closer look at the facts determined that only the seniors of sorority marched and did so as the women of Howard University. Mary Church Terrell, best known as a advocate for", "title": "Osceola Archer" }, { "docid": "43179991", "text": "The 2015 World Snooker Championship (officially the 2015 Betfred World Snooker Championship) was a professional snooker tournament which took place from 18 April to 4 May 2015 at the Crucible Theatre in Sheffield, England. It was the 39th consecutive year that the World Snooker Championship had been held at the Crucible, and was the final ranking event of the 2014–15 snooker season. Sports betting company Betfred sponsored the event for the first time in three years, having previously done so from 2009 to 2012. The top sixteen players in the snooker world rankings were placed into the draw, and another sixteen players qualified for the event at a tournament taking place from 8 to 15 April 2015 at the Ponds Forge International Sports Centre, Sheffield. Mark Selby was the defending champion, having defeated Ronnie O'Sullivan in the 2014 final. Selby lost 9–13 in the second round to event debutant Anthony McGill, and became the 16th first-time champion unable to defend his title at the venue. Shaun Murphy, the 2005 winner, met Stuart Bingham in the final. Bingham, who was given odds of 50–1 to win the tournament by bookmakers before the start of the tournament, defeated Murphy 18–15 in the final to win the first world title of his 20-year professional career. Aged 38, Bingham became the oldest player to win the title since Ray Reardon in 1978. The tournament featured 86 century breaks, a record for the championship, beating the 83 scored in 2009. The highest break was 145, achieved by both Bingham and Neil Robertson. The event had a prize fund of £1,364,000, the winner receiving £300,000. Overview The World Snooker Championship is an annual cue sport tournament and the official professional world championship of the game of snooker. Founded in the late 19th century by British Army soldiers stationed in India, the sport was originally played in the United Kingdom. In modern times, it has been played worldwide, especially in East and Southeast Asia nations such as China, Hong Kong and Thailand. The world championship sees professional players compete in one-on-one snooker matches in a single-elimination format, each played over several . The player participating in the championship are selected through a mix of the snooker world rankings, and a pre-tournament qualification round. The first world championship in 1927 was won by Joe Davis, the final being held in Camkin's Hall, Birmingham, England. Since 1977, the event has been held at the Crucible Theatre in Sheffield, England. Stephen Hendry and Ronnie O'Sullivan are the event's most successful participants in the modern era, having both won the championship seven times. Englishman Mark Selby had won the previous year's championship by defeating fellow countryman Ronnie O'Sullivan in the final 18–14. The winner of the 2015 event earned prize money of £300,000, from a total pool of £1,364,000. The event was sponsored by sports betting company Betfred, who had also done so for the event from 2009 to 2012. Format The 2015 World Snooker Championship was held from 18 April", "title": "2015 World Snooker Championship" }, { "docid": "48826239", "text": "The 2017 World Snooker Championship (officially the 2017 Betfred World Snooker Championship) was a professional snooker tournament that took place from 15 April to 1 May 2017 at the Crucible Theatre in Sheffield, England. It was the 19th and final ranking event of the 2016–17 season which followed the China Open. It was the 41st consecutive year that the World Snooker Championship had been held at the Crucible. The winner of the event was the defending champion and world number one Mark Selby, who defeated John Higgins 18–15 in the final. Selby won despite having fallen 4–10 behind in the second session of the match. Selby defeated Ding Junhui 17–15 in the semi-finals whilst Higgins defeated Barry Hawkins 17–8 to reach the final. This was Selby's third World Championship win; he had also won the tournament in the 2014 and 2016 tournaments. The total prize fund for the championship was £1,750,000, the winner receiving the top prize of £375,000. There were 74 century breaks in the main stage of the championship, and a further 84 in qualifying. Englishman Ronnie O'Sullivan compiled a of 146 in the quarter-finals, the highest of the tournament. Gary Wilson scored a maximum break of 147 in qualifying during his first round win over Josh Boileau. The tournament was broadcast in Europe by the BBC and Eurosport, and internationally by World Snooker on Facebook. Overview The World Snooker Championship is an annual cue sport tournament and the official world championship of the game of snooker. Founded in the late 19th century by British Army soldiers stationed in India, the sport was popular in Great Britain. In modern times it has been played worldwide, especially in East and Southeast Asian nations such as China, Hong Kong and Thailand. The 2017 tournament featured 32 professional players competing in one-on-one snooker matches played over several , using a single elimination format. The 32 players were selected for the event through a mix of the snooker world rankings, and a pre-tournament qualification competition. The first world championship in 1927 was won by Joe Davis, the final being held in Camkin's Hall, Birmingham, England. Since 1977, the event has been held at the Crucible Theatre in Sheffield, England. , Stephen Hendry and Ronnie O’Sullivan are the event's most successful participants in the modern era, having both won the championship seven times. Mark Selby had won the previous year's championship by defeating China's Ding Junhui in the final 18–14. This was Selby's second world title, having also won the championship in 2014. The event was organised by World Snooker, a subsidiary of the World Professional Billiards and Snooker Association, and sponsored by sports betting company Betfred. Format The 2017 World Snooker Championship took place between 15 April and 1 May 2017 in Sheffield, England. The tournament was the last of 19 ranking events in the 2016–17 snooker season on the World Snooker Tour. It featured a 32-player main draw that was held at the Crucible Theatre, as well as a 128-player qualifying", "title": "2017 World Snooker Championship" }, { "docid": "2102260", "text": "A crucible is a heat-resistant container in which materials can be heated to very high temperatures. Crucible may also refer to: Literature, drama, and film The Crucible, a 1953 play by Arthur Miller about the Salem witch trials The Crucible (1957 film) (French: Les Sorcières de Salem), a film with a screenplay by Jean-Paul Sartre based on Miller's play The Crucible (1996 film), a film directed by Nicholas Hytner written by Miller based on his play The Crucible (opera), a 1961 opera by Robert Ward based on Miller's play The Crucible (1914 film), a silent film starring Marguerite Clark, based on novel by Mark Lee Luther The Crucible (novel), a 2009 novel by Gong Ji-Young The Crucible (2011 film), a South Korean film The Crucible (trilogy), a series of novels by Sara Douglass Crucible (Rollins novel), a 2019 novel by James Rollins Crucible (Star Wars novel), a 2013 space opera novel by Troy Denning Crucible: The Trial of Cyric the Mad, the fifth novel of The Avatar Series Crucible, a planet in the novel On the Steel Breeze Music Crucible (album), a 2002 album by Halford The Crucible (John Zorn album), 2008 The Crucible (Motorpsycho album), 2019 Television \"Crucible\" (Arrow), an episode of Arrow \"The Crucible\" (Frasier), an episode of Frasier \"The Crucible\", an episode of the documentary series Canada: A People's History Video games Crucible (video game), a free-to-play multiplayer third-person shooter Crucible, an expansion of Eve Online Crucible, a cancelled game by Maxis South \"Crucible\", a minigame in Fable II The Crucible, a fictional alien device in Mass Effect 3 Crucible, the name of a competitive PvP multiplayer activity in Destiny The Crucible, a fictional sword featured in Doom Eternal Other uses Crucible Industries, the US steel manufacture that produces CPM steels Crucible, Pennsylvania, United States Crucible (software), a peer code review application from Atlassian, Inc. Crucible (geodemography), a geodemography system by the grocery company Tesco Crucible Theatre, Sheffield, England The Crucible (arts education center), a non-profit industrial arts studio in Oakland, California, US The Crucible (UNC Student Publication), a student newspaper at the University of Northern Colorado The Crucible, the final test in United States Marine Corps Recruit Training World Snooker Championship, hosted annually at the Crucible Theatre (see above), commonly referred to as \"the Crucible\"", "title": "Crucible (disambiguation)" }, { "docid": "189284", "text": "Steelmaking is the process of producing steel from iron ore and/or scrap. In steelmaking, impurities such as nitrogen, silicon, phosphorus, sulfur and excess carbon (the most important impurity) are removed from the sourced iron, and alloying elements such as manganese, nickel, chromium, carbon and vanadium are added to produce different grades of steel. Steelmaking has existed for millennia, but it was not commercialized on a massive scale until the mid-19th century. An ancient process of steelmaking was the crucible process. In the 1850s and 1860s, the Bessemer process and the Siemens-Martin process turned steelmaking into a heavy industry. Today there are two major commercial processes for making steel, namely basic oxygen steelmaking, which has liquid pig-iron from the blast furnace and scrap steel as the main feed materials, and electric arc furnace (EAF) steelmaking, which uses scrap steel or direct reduced iron (DRI) as the main feed materials. Oxygen steelmaking is fueled predominantly by the exothermic nature of the reactions inside the vessel; in contrast, in EAF steelmaking, electrical energy is used to melt the solid scrap and/or DRI materials. In recent times, EAF steelmaking technology has evolved closer to oxygen steelmaking as more chemical energy is introduced into the process. Steelmaking is one of the most carbon emission intensive industries in the world. , steelmaking is responsible for about 10% of greenhouse gas emissions. To mitigate global warming, the industry will need to find significant reductions in emissions. History Steelmaking has played a crucial role in the development of ancient, medieval, and modern technological societies. Early processes of steel making were made during the classical era in Ancient China, India, and Rome. Cast iron is a hard, brittle material that is difficult to work, whereas steel is malleable, relatively easily formed and a versatile material. For much of human history, steel has only been made in small quantities. Since the invention of the Bessemer process in 19th century Britain and subsequent technological developments in injection technology and process control, mass production of steel has become an integral part of the global economy and a key indicator of modern technological development. The earliest means of producing steel was in a bloomery. Early modern methods of producing steel were often labor-intensive and highly skilled arts. See: finery forge, in which the German finery process could be managed to produce steel. blister steel and crucible steel. An important aspect of the Industrial Revolution was the development of large-scale methods of producing forgeable metal (bar iron or steel). The puddling furnace was initially a means of producing wrought iron but was later applied to steel production. The real revolution in modern steelmaking only began at the end of the 1850s when the Bessemer process became the first successful method of steelmaking in high quantity followed by the open-hearth furnace. Modern processes for manufacturing of steel Modern steelmaking processes can be divided into three steps: primary, secondary and tertiary. Primary steelmaking involves smelting iron into steel. Secondary steelmaking involves adding or removing other elements", "title": "Steelmaking" }, { "docid": "10109645", "text": "The Crucible of Man: Something Wicked Part 2 is the ninth studio album by American heavy metal band Iced Earth. Released in September 2008, it was the first Iced Earth album since 2001's Horror Show to feature singer Matt Barlow. The Crucible of Man is the second concept album based on guitarist-songwriter Jon Schaffer's Something Wicked Saga. It also the third album overall to feature the subject. Originally titled Revelation Abomination: Something Wicked Part 2, the majority of The Crucible of Man had been written and recorded at the same time as the group's previous album, Framing Armageddon. Crucible had been intended for an early 2008 release; however, Matt Barlow rejoined Iced Earth in late 2007, and work on the album had to be put-off due to Barlow's prior commitments to the band Pyramaze. The Crucible of Man: Something Wicked Part 2 was released on September 5, 2008, in Germany, Austria and Switzerland, on September 8 in rest of Europe, and on September 9 in North America. The album ended-up being the last Iced Earth studio album to feature bassist Dennis Hayes, as well as vocalist Matt Barlow, who once again left the band in August 2011. Story The album's story picks-up where the previous album, Framing Armageddon: Something Wicked Part 1, left off. In an interview with Jon Schaffer, he detailed the story of Part 2: Track listing Personnel Iced Earth Matt Barlow – lead vocals Jon Schaffer – guitar, bass guitar, keyboards, backing vocals, lead vocals (on track 5). co-producer Brent Smedley – drums Additional musicians Corinne Bach – backing vocals Jason Blackerby – backing vocals Debra Brant – backing vocals Jeff Brant – backing vocals Dennis Hayes – bass guitar (on tracks 3, 5, 6, 10 and 12) Howard Helm – backing vocals Kathy Helm – backing vocals Jim Morris – backing vocals, guitar (on track 5) Tom Morris – backing vocals Todd Plant – backing vocals Steve Rogowski – cello (on track 15) Troy Seele – guitar (tracks 5, 6, 9) Additional personnel Jim Morris – co-producer, engineer, mixer Nathan Perry – cover and inner sleeve art Felipe Machado Franco – cover and inner sleeve art, layout David Newman-Stump – inner sleeve art References Iced Earth albums 2008 albums Concept albums SPV/Steamhammer albums", "title": "The Crucible of Man: Something Wicked Part 2" }, { "docid": "43251172", "text": "Crucible Industries, commonly known as Crucible, is an American company which develops and manufactures specialty steels, and is the sole producer of a line of sintered steels known as Crucible Particle Metallurgy (CPM) steels. The company produces high speed, stainless and tool steels for the automotive, cutlery, aerospace, and machine tool industries. Crucible's history spans over 100 years, and the company inherited some of its ability to produce high-grade steel from England beginning in the late 1800s. Thirteen crucible-steel companies merged in 1900 to become the largest producer of crucible steel in the United States, and this company evolved into a corporation with 1,400 employees in several states. Crucible declined in tandem with the automotive industry during the 1980s, recovering over the next decade. Although the company entered bankruptcy in 2009, JP Industries of Cleveland revived it as Crucible Specialty Metals Division to continue producing specialty steels at its original site. Some of Crucible's products are manufactured using a powder metallurgy process (their CPM process), resulting in steels with superior mechanical properties. These steels find specialized scientific and industrial applications and are also favoured by knife makers for the production of blades which are tough, hard and corrosion resistant. History The Crucible Steel Company of America was formed from the merger of thirteen crucible-steel companies in 1900. This, known as \"the great consolidation of 1900\", inspired other steel companies to form U.S. Steel a year later. From 1900 through the 20th century, Crucible developed and patented new steels, and brought new steel-production methods to the United States. C. H. Halcomb, Jr. was Crucible's first president and general manager. Two years later, he left Crucible, building the Halcomb Steel mill next door (where he installed the first electric-arc melting furnace in the U.S.). In 1911 Crucible acquired Halcomb Steel, merging the Halcomb plant with the new Sanderson plant to form the Sanderson-Halcomb Works. In 1955, it began producing vacuum-arc-remelted steels, becoming the first company to use this process commercially. By 1939, Crucible was the largest producer of tool steel in the United States, making over 400 products (more than any other steel company). It had nine mills in four states, two coal mines, a water company and a half-interest in a Mesabi ore mine. From 1968 to 1984, Crucible was owned by Colt Industries. In 1985, its salaried employees bought it back. By then, the company was known as Crucible Materials Corporation. Fourteen hundred employees worldwide worked for a number of companies, including Crucible Specialty Metals in Solvay, New York; Trent Tube in East Troy, Wisconsin; Crucible Magnetics in Elizabethtown, Kentucky; Crucible Compaction Metals Operations in Oakdale, Pennsylvania; the Cancer Research Center in Pittsburgh, and Crucible Limited in Sheffield, England. In 1989, the number of employees was reduced to 600 after a strike. The 1980s saw layoffs and plant closures across the U.S.; more than 200,000 workers lost their jobs, and more than 400 mills and divisions of plants (including Crucible's Midland plant) closed. In 1984, Crucible made the titanium alloy", "title": "Crucible Industries" }, { "docid": "53933789", "text": "The 2018 World Snooker Championship (officially the 2018 Betfred World Snooker Championship) was a professional snooker tournament held from 21 April to 7 May 2018 at the Crucible Theatre in Sheffield, England. Hosted by the World Professional Billiards and Snooker Association, it was the 20th and final ranking event of the 2017–18 snooker season and the 42nd consecutive time the World Snooker Championship had been held at the venue. The tournament was broadcast by BBC Sport and Eurosport in Europe, and sponsored by betting company Betfred. Welsh left-hander Mark Williams won his third world championship and 21st ranking title, defeating Scottish professional John Higgins 18–16 in the final. Williams' victory came 15 years after his second world title in 2003; before the start of the season, he had not won a ranking event in the previous six years. In winning the event, Williams received the highest prize money awarded for a snooker event, £425,000 of a total pool of £1,968,000. Aged 43, he was the third oldest winner at the crucible after Ronnie O'Sullivan who was 44 when he won the 2020 World Snooker Championship and Ray Reardon who was 45 when he won the title in 1978. Defending and three-time world champion Mark Selby had won the world title for the previous two years, but lost in the first round 4–10 to Joe Perry. The highest of the championship was scored by Higgins, who made a break of 146 in frame 13 of his second round win over Jack Lisowski. However, in qualifying for the event, Liang Wenbo scored a maximum break of 147. Background The World Snooker Championship is an annual cue sport tournament and is the official world championship of the game of snooker. Snooker was founded in the late 19th century by British Army soldiers stationed in India. The sport originated by players from the United Kingdom, and later players from Europe and the Commonwealth. In more modern times, the sport has transferred to being played worldwide, specifically in Asia, such as in China, Thailand and Hong Kong. The world championship was the final event of the 2017/18 snooker calendar, with the winner of the event being crowned as the professional world champion of the sport. The world championship sees 32 professional players compete in one-on-one snooker matches in a single elimination format, each played over several . The 32 players for the event are selected through a mix of the world snooker rankings and a pre-tournament qualification round. The first world championship in 1927, held in Camkin's Hall, Birmingham, England, was won by Joe Davis. Since 1977, the event has been held in the Crucible Theatre in Sheffield. , Stephen Hendry and Ronnie O’Sullivan are the event's most successful participants in the modern era, having both won the championship seven times. The previous year's championship had been won by England's Mark Selby, who won the event defeating Scotland's John Higgins in the final 18–15. This was Selby's third championship, having won previously in 2014 and", "title": "2018 World Snooker Championship" }, { "docid": "185775", "text": "A crucible is a ceramic or metal container in which metals or other substances may be melted or subjected to very high temperatures. Although crucibles have historically tended to be made out of clay, they can be made from any material that withstands temperatures high enough to melt or otherwise alter its contents. History Typology and chronology The form of the crucible has varied through time, with designs reflecting the process for which they are used, as well as regional variation. The earliest crucible forms derive from the sixth/fifth millennium B.C. in Eastern Europe and Iran. Chalcolithic Crucibles used for copper smelting were generally wide shallow vessels made from clay that lacks refractory properties which is similar to the types of clay used in other ceramics of the time. During the Chalcolithic period, crucibles were heated from the top by using blowpipes. Ceramic crucibles from this time had slight modifications to their designs such as handles, knobs or pouring spouts allowing them to be more easily handled and poured. Early examples of this practice can be seen in Feinan, Jordan. These crucibles have added handles to allow for better manipulation, however, due to the poor preservation of the crucibles there is no evidence of a pouring spout. The main purpose of the crucible during this period was to keep the ore in the area where the heat was concentrated to separate it from impurities before shaping. A crucible furnace dating to 2300–1900 BC for bronze casting has been found at a religious precinct of Kerma. Iron Age The use of crucibles in the Iron Age remains very similar to that of the Bronze Age with copper and tin smelting being used to produce bronze. The Iron Age crucible designs remain the same as the Bronze Age. The Roman period shows technical innovations, with crucibles for new methods used to produce new alloys. The smelting and melting process also changed with both the heating technique and the crucible design. The crucible changed into rounded or pointed bottom vessels with a more conical shape; these were heated from below, unlike prehistoric types which were irregular in shape and were heated from above. These designs gave greater stability within the charcoal. These crucibles in some cases have thinner walls and have more refractory properties. During the Roman period a new process of metalworking started, cementation, used in the production of brass. This process involves the combination of a metal and a gas to produce an alloy. Brass is made by mixing solid copper metal with zinc oxide or carbonate which comes in the form of calamine or smithsonite. This is heated to about 900 °C, the zinc oxide vaporizes into a gas, and the zinc gas bonds with the molten copper. This reaction has to take place in a part-closed or closed container otherwise the zinc vapor would escape before it can react with the copper. Cementation crucibles, therefore, have a lid or cap which limits the amount of gas loss from the", "title": "Crucible" }, { "docid": "13941638", "text": "The Crucible is a nonprofit industrial arts school in Oakland, California, United States. Established in Berkeley in 1999, the institute was moved to its present location in 2003. The Crucible has classes in blacksmithing, ceramics, enameling, fire performance, foundry, glass, jewelry, kinetics and electronics, machine shop, moldmaking, neon, stone working, textiles, welding, woodworking, and other industrial arts with an average of 5,000 students a year. The Crucible's Youth Program serves over 3,000 youth annually, half of whom are members of the West Oakland community who have access to free classes and workshops. Founder, Michael Sturtz, has created two fire operas, a fire ballet, and a burning version of Homer's Odyssey, in addition to the annual Fire Arts Festival held in July. As a nonprofit organization, The Crucible relies on annual membership donations, grants, and individual donations to support its mission work. Youth & Community program The Crucible Youth Program is committed to community service with local schools and neighborhoods. Since 2005, the Youth and Community Outreach Program has served nearly 8,000 youth between the ages of 8 and 18. The program includes weekend and afterschool classes, camps, and field trips. The experiences support learning in areas such as mathematics, science, art, and world culture. Participants learn about the processes, tools, materials and applications of industrial arts. Earn-A-Bike program The workshop gives West Oakland youth hands on experience to learn about bike mechanics. In a six-week workshop, the youth work with volunteer bike mechanics to fix donated bikes. Each participant fixes two bikes and keeps one. The other bike is sold to raise money to support the bike program. The Crucible holds 'Bike Fix-a-thon' workshops where youth and their families can learn about bike maintenance and safety. Educational Response Vehicle (ERV) The Crucible's Educational Response Vehicle (ERV) is a 1960 International Harvester fire engine, modified to a demonstration platform for industrial and fire arts. ERV can demonstrate: Blacksmithing Arc Welding Oxy-acetylene torch cutting Glass Flameworking Events Fire Arts Festival The Fire Arts Festival is a fundraising event, and proceeds benefit The Crucible's arts education programs for youth and adults. Fire Operas and Fire Ballets The Crucible has staged full-length performances of the following shows: Jan 2009: Dracul, Prince of Fire April 2008: Firebird: \"L'oiseau de feu\" Jan 2007: Romeo and Juliet Jan 2006: Seven Deadly Sins Jan 2004: DidoO and Aeneas by Henry Purcell Fashion shows The Crucible has put on fashion shows: Jan 2008: Hot Couture - a fusion of fire and fashion April 2007: Industrial Chic - fashion and art show Studio access with the CREATE program CREATE stands for the Crucible's Expanded Access to Tools & Equipment. The Crucible offers the opportunity to use their tools and equipment through the CREATE program. After passing studio area check-outs, current and past students can use The Crucible's tools and equipment during studio hours. Corporate teambuilding Die Moto Die Moto is a custom-built performance diesel motorcycle that has set the world speed record for diesel motorcycles at 130.614 mph. Capable of", "title": "The Crucible (arts education center)" }, { "docid": "67705760", "text": "Mass Effect 3 is an action role-playing video game and the third installment of the Mass Effect video game series, developed by BioWare and published by Electronic Arts (EA). Upon its release March 6, 2012 for the PlayStation 3, Xbox 360, and Microsoft Windows, Mass Effect 3 generated controversy when its ending was poorly received by players who felt that it did not meet their expectations. Criticisms included the ending rendering character choices inconsequential, a general lack of closure, plot holes, and narrative inconsistency. On June 26, 2012, developers released an Extended Cut as downloadable content (DLC) intended to clarify the endings and remedy fan concerns. The initial announcement of the development of add-on content to amend the ending as well as the subsequent release of Extended Cut sparked debates over the treatment of video games as art and whether BioWare should have to alter their vision of the work in response to external pressure, regardless of its quality. Background In the original Mass Effect trilogy, players assume the role of Commander Shepard, a customizable avatar who leads allies from across the Milky Way galaxy in a struggle against a collective of powerful synthetic lifeforms called the Reapers, who harvest the galaxy of sentient spacefaring life every 50,000 years. By the events of Mass Effect 3, the Reapers have arrived in the galaxy and begin harvesting entire worlds. To stop them, Shepard must form an alliance between all of Mass Effects alien races to build the Crucible, a megastructure built from blueprints designed by the civilizations from previous cycles, including the Protheans, which can theoretically destroy the Reapers. As Shepard, players dispatch a final \"Marauder\" enemy, entering a Reaper teleportation beam on Earth to reach the Citadel alongside their close ally and mentor, David Anderson, and begin the game's ending sequence. This follows a long and grueling battle in London where Shepard is gravely wounded by Harbinger, the leader of the Reapers. Once there, Shepard and Anderson engage in a dialog-based final showdown with the Illusive Man, the leader of Cerberus; only Shepard survives the confrontation. Shepard then attempts to fire the Crucible, only to be transported to the Citadel's pinnacle. They encounter the Star Child, the Reaper gestalt intelligence as manifested by the Catalyst in the form of a child. The AI explains the Reapers' true motives - the repeated culling prevents organic life from inevitably being rendered extinct by their own less-advanced artificially intelligent creations. Having conceded defeat to Shepard, it presents up to three options for activating the Crucible, which will break the Reapers' galactic cycle of extinction: Destroy the Reapers and all other synthetic life, including allies such as EDI and the geth. Control the Reapers by copying Shepard's influence into a new artificial intelligence, creating a galactic peacekeeping force. Merge all organic and synthetic life via synthesis, resulting in both life forms achieving a perfect understanding. By making any of the above choices, Shepard activates the Crucible, which emits a wave of energy that spreads", "title": "Mass Effect 3 ending controversy" }, { "docid": "4918473", "text": "The 1997 World Snooker Championship (also referred to as the 1997 Embassy World Snooker Championship for the purposes of sponsorship) was a professional ranking snooker tournament that took place between 19 April and 5 May 1997. Staged at the Crucible Theatre in Sheffield, England, the tournament was sponsored by cigarette manufacturer Embassy. Ken Doherty won the only world title of his professional career by defeating the defending champion Stephen Hendry 18–12 in the final. The first player to win world championships at junior, amateur, and professional level, Doherty became the second player from outside the United Kingdom to win the title in the modern era, following Cliff Thorburn in 1980. Doherty remains the only world champion from the Republic of Ireland. Hendry's defeat in the final was his first loss in the World Championship since 1991, which ended his record 29 consecutive Crucible victories. Tournament summary The semi-final matches were best of 33 for the first time, having previously been best of 31. Ronnie O'Sullivan made the quickest maximum break in history with a time of 5 minutes and 20 seconds, and the fourth in the history of the tournament. Terry Griffiths' first round encounter against Mark Williams was his last ever professional match and meant that he retired having played 999 frames at The Crucible. This match was also three time World Champion Williams' Crucible debut. Other debutants this year were Bradley Jones (England); Graham Horne; David McLellan and future World Champion and twice runner-up Graeme Dott (all Scotland); Lee Walker and Dominic Dale (Wales). All these players lost in the first round except Dale and Walker, who reached the last-16 and quarter finals respectively. This meant that all three Welsh debutants won their first round matches. Alain Robidoux had his best run at the World Championship, reaching the semi-finals. The Canadian player lost 7–17 to Ken Doherty. James Wattana reached the semi-finals for the second time (after 1993) but the Thai player lost 13–17 to defending champion Stephen Hendry. Hendry's five-year run as World Champion came to an end after losing to Doherty 12–18. It was Hendry's first defeat at the World Championship since 1991, spanning 29 matches, a Crucible record. Doherty became only the second player from outside the United Kingdom to win the world title in the modern era, following Cliff Thorburn in 1980. Alan Chamberlain refereed his first and only World Championship final. He was the first referee since Jim Thorpe in 1984 to officiate a debut final. All finals up to this year were officiated by either John Williams, Len Ganley or John Street. The next four years also had referees debuting the final: Lawrie Annandale in 1998, Colin Brinded in 1999, John Newton in 2000 and Eirian Williams in 2001, before John Williams did his 10th final in 2002. Prize fund The breakdown of prize money for this year is shown below: Winner: £210,000 Runner-up: £126,000 Semi-finalist: £63,000 Quarter-finalist: £31,500 Last 16: £16,800 Last 32: £9,450 Highest break: £18,000 Maximum break: £147,000 Total", "title": "1997 World Snooker Championship" }, { "docid": "67569202", "text": "The 2022 World Snooker Championship (officially the 2022 Betfred World Snooker Championship) was a professional snooker tournament that took place from 16 April to 2 May 2022 at the Crucible Theatre in Sheffield, England, the 46th consecutive year the World Snooker Championship was held at the venue. The 16th and final ranking event of the 2021–22 snooker season, the tournament was organised by the World Snooker Tour and sponsored by sports betting company Betfred. It was broadcast in the United Kingdom by the BBC, in Europe (including the UK) by Eurosport, and elsewhere in the world by Matchroom Sport and other broadcasters. The total prize fund was £2,395,000, of which the winner received £500,000. Qualifying rounds for the tournament took place from 4 to 13April 2022 at the English Institute of Sport, featuring 128 professional and invited amateur players. The main stage of the tournament featured 32 players: the top 16 players from the snooker world rankings and another 16 players from the qualifying rounds. Ashley Hugill, Jackson Page, and Hossein Vafaei were debutants at the Crucible, Vafaei being the first Iranian player to reach the main stage. Mark Selby was the defending champion, having won the 2021 final against Shaun Murphy. He lost to Yan Bingtao in a second-round match that produced the longest ever played at the Crucible, lasting 85 minutes. Ronnie O'Sullivan equalled Steve Davis's record of 30 Crucible appearances. He reached a record 20th quarter-final and a record 13th semi-final before defeating Judd Trump in the final to equal Stephen Hendry's record of seven world titles. It was O'Sullivan's 39th ranking title and 21st Triple Crown title. Aged 46 years and 148 days, he became the oldest world champion in the sport's history, surpassing Ray Reardon, who was aged 45 years and 203 days when he won his last world title in 1978. O'Sullivan also broke Hendry's record of 70 wins at the Crucible, setting a new record of 74. Neil Robertson made a maximum break in his second-round match against Jack Lisowski, the fifth of his career and the 12th time a 147 had been achieved at the Crucible. Graeme Dott also made a maximum break in his third-round qualifying match against Pang Junxu, the second of his career and the fifth time that a maximum had been made in the World Championship qualifiers. The main stage produced a record 109 century breaks, surpassing the 108 centuries made the preceding year. Mark Williams made 16 centuries during the event, equalling the record set by Hendry in 2002. Background The first World Snooker Championship final took place in 1927 at Camkin's Hall in Birmingham, England, and was won by Joe Davis. Since 1977 the tournament has been held annually at the Crucible Theatre in Sheffield, England. The 2022 event marked the 46th consecutive year that the tournament was held at the Crucible, and the 54th successive year that the World Championship was contested through the modern knockout format. Scottish player Stephen Hendry had been the most", "title": "2022 World Snooker Championship" }, { "docid": "60651589", "text": "The 2020 World Snooker Championship (officially the 2020 Betfred World Snooker Championship) was a professional snooker tournament that took place from 31 July to 16 August 2020 at the Crucible Theatre in Sheffield, England. It was the 44th consecutive year that the World Snooker Championship was held at the Crucible. The final ranking event of the 2019–20 snooker season, the tournament was originally scheduled to take place from 18 April to 4 May 2020, but both the qualifying stage and the main rounds were postponed as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic. The event was one of the first to allow live audiences since the onset of the pandemic, but on the first day it was announced that the event would be played behind closed doors for subsequent days. A limited number of spectators were allowed in for the final two days of the championship. The tournament was organised by the World Snooker Tour, a subsidiary of the World Professional Billiards and Snooker Association, and was broadcast by the BBC, Eurosport and Matchroom Sport. The event had a total prize fund of £2,395,000, with the winner receiving £500,000. Qualifying for the tournament was due to be held between 8 and 15 April 2020 but instead took place from 21 to 28 July at the English Institute of Sport, Sheffield. There were 128 participants in the qualifying rounds, with a mix of professional and invited amateur players, 16 of whom reached the main stage of the tournament where they played the top 16 players in the snooker world rankings. The event was sponsored by sports betting company Betfred. Judd Trump was the defending champion, having won his maiden world title at the previous year's event, defeating John Higgins 18–9 in the final. He lost in the quarter-final stage to Kyren Wilson, falling to the Crucible curse. Ronnie O'Sullivan won his sixth world title, defeating Wilson 18–8 in the final. This was O'Sullivan's 37th ranking event win of his career, the most of any player. Higgins made a maximum break in the 12th frame of his second-round loss to Kurt Maflin. This was Higgins' tenth career maximum break and his first at the World Championship; aged 45, he became the oldest player to make a maximum in a professional competition. Background The World Snooker Championship features 32 professional players competing in one-on-one snooker matches in a single-elimination format, each match played over several . The 32 players for the event are selected through a mix of the snooker world rankings and a pre-tournament qualification round. The first World Snooker Championship took place in 1927, with the final held at Camkin's Hall in Birmingham, England, and the title was won by Joe Davis. Since 1977, the event has been held at the Crucible Theatre in Sheffield, England. , Stephen Hendry and Ronnie O'Sullivan are the event's most successful participants in the modern era, having both won the championship seven times. The 2019 championship had been won by England's Judd Trump, who defeated Scotland's", "title": "2020 World Snooker Championship" }, { "docid": "49187292", "text": "Crucible tongs are scissors-like tools with a pair of attached arms that curve outward near the ends to form a rounded gripping area that allows users to safely grasp crucibles, flasks, evaporating dishes, or small beakers. They are made of durable metals—stainless steel, brass, or nickel, for example—that can withstand high temperatures. Use Crucible tongs are used most often with crucibles, small ceramic or metal vessels used to heat chemicals to temperatures up to 565.56 degree Celsius. As a crucible will be very hot when heating it in a furnace or a Bunsen burner, one cannot hold the crucible directly. Therefore, crucible tongs come to play a key role when burning, or doing anything with hot objects. Moreover, some of them also have a special characteristic. For instance, a locking version of crucible tongs can be locked with the edge of a crucible, allow users to be more comfortable and more confidence while moving a very hot crucible from place to place. Hence, they provide more safety for the users. Safety It is necessary to wear safety goggles, gloves, and proper shoes when using crucible tongs. The scorching objects in a crucible might be spilled off and cause damage to the holder's skin. Since crucible tongs work with the crucible, one must know the safety procedures of the crucible. Before using the crucible, make sure that it is dry Fill the crucible with sample chemicals to only 1/2 or 2/3, do not fill until it is full If the user used the crucible to fuse the glass, waiting for the crucible to cool down before cleaning it Squeezing the crucible or use some metal sticks to break the cooling glass out of the crucible Wash it until it is clean enough Additional images References Laboratory equipment", "title": "Crucible tongs" }, { "docid": "4941611", "text": "The 1979 World Snooker Championship (officially known as the 1979 Embassy World Snooker Championship) was a ranking professional snooker tournament that took place from 16 to 28 April 1979 at the Crucible Theatre in Sheffield, England. Promoted by Mike Watterson for the World Professional Billiards and Snooker Association, it was the third consecutive World Snooker Championship to be held at the Crucible, the first tournament having taken place in 1977. A qualifying event for the championship was held from 25 March to 7 April, producing eight qualifiers who joined the eight invited seeded players in the main event staged from 16 to 28 April. The main tournament was broadcast in the United Kingdom by the BBC, and was sponsored by the Embassy cigarette company. The winner received £10,000 from the total prize fund of £35,000. Steve Davis, Terry Griffiths and Kirk Stevens all qualified for the Crucible stage for the first time. The defending champion was Ray Reardon, who had won the title for a sixth time by defeating Perrie Mans by 25 to 18 in the 1978 final. Reardon was eliminated in the quarter-finals after losing 8–13 to Dennis Taylor. Griffiths met Taylor in the final, which was a best-of-47-frame match. Griffiths won 24–16, to become the first player to proceed from the qualifying competition and win the title at the Crucible. There were 13 century breaks compiled during the championship, the highest of which was a championship record-equalling 142 by Bill Werbeniuk. Background The World Snooker Championship is the preeminent tournament in professional snooker. Joe Davis won the first edition, in 1927 at Camkin's Hall in Birmingham, England. Since 1977, the venue for the tournament, held annually, has been the Crucible Theatre, Sheffield. The 1979 tournament was promoted for the World Professional Billiards and Snooker Association by Mike Watterson and featured professional players competing in one-on-one snooker matches in a single-elimination format, each match played over a defined number of . The eight highest-ranked players from the Snooker world rankings 1978/1979 were placed directly into the last-16 round of the main tournament in 1979, whilst all other entrants were required to participate in a qualifying competition to produce the eight players to play the exempted seeds. The defending champion was Ray Reardon, who had won his sixth world title by defeating Perrie Mans 25–18 in the 1978 final. The 1979 tournament was a ranking event. It received daily BBC television coverage, and was sponsored by cigarette brand Embassy. Following the qualifying competition that was held from 25 March to 7 April, the main tournament took place from 16 to 28 April. Prize fund The breakdown of prize money for this year is shown below: Winner: £10,000 Runner-up: £5,000 Third place: £3,000 Fourth place: £2,000 Quarter-final: £1,250 Last 16: £1,000 Highest break: £500 Maximum break: £10,000 (not awarded) Total: £35,500 Tournament summary Qualifying The qualifying competition took place from 25 March to 7 April at Romiley Forum, Stockport, and the Northern Snooker Centre, Leeds. Played over two rounds, with", "title": "1979 World Snooker Championship" }, { "docid": "4069107", "text": "Joseph Dixon (1799–1869) was an inventor, entrepreneur and the founder of what became the Dixon Ticonderoga Company, a well-known manufacturer of pencils in the United States. His fascination with new technologies led to many innovations such as a mirror for a camera that was the forerunner of the viewfinder, a patented double-crank steam engine, and a method of printing banknotes to thwart counterfeiters. Most notably, Dixon manufactured the first wood and graphite pencil in the country. Among his associates were such American inventors as Robert Fulton, Samuel Morse, and Alexander Graham Bell, and politician/business partner Orestes Cleveland. Joseph Dixon Crucible Company In 1827, Joseph Dixon began his business in Salem, Massachusetts and, with his son, was involved with the Tantiusques graphite mine in Sturbridge, Massachusetts. Dixon discovered the merits of graphite as a stove polish and an additive in lubricants, foundry facings, brake linings, oil-less bearings, and non-corrosive paints. He also refined the use of graphite crucibles, refractory vessels used for melting metallic minerals. A heat-resistant graphite crucible he invented was widely used in the production of iron and steel during the Mexican–American War. This invention's success led Dixon to build a new mill in what is now the Van Vorst Park neighborhood of historic Downtown Jersey City, New Jersey in 1847. The Dixon Mills complex has subsequently become residences. During the 1860s, people typically wrote with quill pens and ink even though Dixon introduced graphite pencils in 1829. But the American Civil War created a demand for a dry, clean, portable writing instrument and led to the mass production of pencils. At the time of Dixon's death in 1869, the Joseph Dixon Crucible Company was the largest manufacturer of graphite products in the world. By 1870, The Joseph Dixon Crucible Company was the world's largest dealer and consumer of graphite. By 1872 the Dixon company was making 86,000 pencils a day. The Joseph Dixon Crucible Company continued to prosper throughout the 20th century by growing through a series of mergers and acquisitions. In 1982, the Joseph Dixon Crucible Company merged with the Bryn Mawr Corporation, a Pennsylvania transportation and real estate company with operations dating back to 1795. Together, these companies formed the Dixon Ticonderoga Company, named after Dixon and its oldest brand-name pencil. References External links Dixon Ticonderoga Company Tantiusques Graphite Mine Leadholder: Dixon 19th-century American inventors 1799 births 1869 deaths Pencils American steel industry businesspeople American printers American engravers American lithographers People from Salem, Massachusetts 19th-century American businesspeople", "title": "Joseph Dixon (inventor)" }, { "docid": "45590076", "text": "Bill Camp (born 1963/1964) is an American actor. He has played supporting roles in many films such as Lincoln (2012), Compliance (2012), Lawless (2012), 12 Years a Slave (2013), Love & Mercy (2015), Loving (2016), Molly's Game (2017), Vice (2018), Wildlife (2018), Joker (2019), News of the World (2021), and Sound of Freedom (2023); the HBO miniseries The Night Of in 2016 and The Outsider in 2020; and the Netflix miniseries The Queen's Gambit in 2020. He had a recurring role in the HBO drama series The Leftovers from 2015 to 2017 and the Hulu space drama series The First in 2018. Camp has appeared in many television series and received a Primetime Emmy Award nomination for his role in the miniseries The Night Of (2016). He was nominated for a Tony Award for his role in the 2016 Broadway revival of the play The Crucible. Early life Camp was born and raised in Massachusetts, and is the son of Patricia L., a librarian, and Peter B. Camp, who was an assistant headmaster at the Groton School. He attended the University of Vermont, where he played intramural hockey. Career Theatre Initially, Camp was largely active in theatre, but has subsequently taken on character roles in both film and television. In 2002, he left acting and temporarily changed professions (working as a cook and mechanic), only to return two years later in Tony Kushner's Homebody/Kabul, for which he won an Obie Award (Off-Broadway Theater Awards). Among his works on Broadway are Heartbreak House (2006), Death of a Salesman (2012) and The Crucible (2016). In 2006, Camp joined Philip Bosco and Lily Rabe in the Broadway revival of Heartbreak House at the Roundabout Theatre Company's American Airlines Theatre. In 2012, Camp joined Philip Seymour Hoffman and Andrew Garfield in Mike Nichols' Broadway revival of Death of a Salesman at the Ethel Barrymore Theatre. The show ran from March 15, 2012, through June 2, 2012 and earned rave reviews, and won the Tony Award for Best Revival of a Play. In 2016, he starred in the Broadway revival of The Crucible alongside Saoirse Ronan, Ben Whishaw, Ciaran Hinds and Sophie Okenedo at the Walter Kerr Theatre. He received a Tony Award for Best Featured Actor in a Play nomination for The Crucible. Off-Broadway credits include starring as Gordon in Sarah Ruhl's Dead Man's Cell Phone at Playwrights Horizons in 2008, before having to withdraw due to other work commitments. Film Camp has been in a wide variety of films such as Lincoln (2012), 12 Years a Slave (2013), Love and Mercy (2015), Loving (2016), Molly's Game (2017), Woman Walks Ahead (2017), Vice (2018), Wildlife (2018), Dark Waters (2019), Joker (2019), and The Kitchen (2019). On August 30, 2021, it was announced that Camp will appear as Matthew Burke in an adaptation of Stephen King's Salem's Lot for Warner Bros. Pictures and New Line Cinema. He played a supporting role in Sound of Freedom, starring Jim Caviezel. In 2023 he played funeral home owner", "title": "Bill Camp" }, { "docid": "27924798", "text": "George Michael Edwin Watterson (26 August 1942 – 8 March 2019) was an English professional snooker player, businessman, sports promoter and television commentator. Watterson established the UK Snooker Championship and moved the World Championship to the Crucible Theatre, where it has remained ever since. He also created the World Professional Darts Championship, staged the first floodlit cricket in Britain and had a stint as chairman of Derby County. Early life George Michael Edwin Watterson was born in Chesterfield, Derbyshire on 26 August 1942, the son of steelworker George Watterson and Olive (née Pilkington), and was the third of four children. Business activities Watterson's early business career saw him work as a wages clerk and then as a car dealer. He was a salesman with the Sheffield-based Vauxhall dealers, Bentley Brothers, and was one of the first people in the country to sell the Vauxhall Viva when it was introduced in 1963. In 1977, his late wife, Carole, went to see a play at the Crucible Theatre, Sheffield, and suggested to her husband that it would make the ideal setting for snooker. Knowing that there was a real danger that there would be no World Snooker Championship that year, Watterson spoke to the theatre's then-manager, Arnold Eliiman, and asked if he could stage the tournament there. Watterson rented the theatre for £6,600 for two weeks, and had to make a bid to the snooker association, guaranteeing them £17,000 from the tournament. It was accepted and the tournament remains at the now world-famous venue to this day, renowned for its intimate atmosphere. Later that same year, he staged the inaugural UK Championship, and within a few years had founded the British Open and International Open, arranging sponsorship and TV contracts with the BBC and ITV. In 1979 he created the first World Cup, sponsored by State Express. In effect, he was involved with the creation of most of the major professional tournaments that sprung up during the 1980s, many of which still exist to this day. However, in 1983 he was told by the WPBSA that he was no longer needed as a promoter. According to Gordon Burn's book Pocket Money, every time he missed a meeting, he found he had lost another tournament. In a relatively short period of time, he was squeezed out of the game, as the WPBSA started promoting the events themselves. Watterson laid the blame for this on the late former WPBSA chairman and snooker manager Del Simmons, as well as his former employee Paul Hatherell, and former player come WPBSA chairman Rex Williams. He said that when he lost the World Championship, it was like someone had killed one of his children. At various times, he also managed some well-known professional snooker players including Kirk Stevens, Cliff Thorburn, and Bill Werbeniuk. Watterson also created the BDO World Darts Championship, an idea he came up with while sat in a barber's chair in 1977. Imperial Tobacco, who already sponsored the World Snooker Championship with their Embassy brand", "title": "Mike Watterson" }, { "docid": "16795945", "text": "Morgan Advanced Materials plc is a company which manufactures specialist products, using carbon, advanced ceramics and composites. The group is headquartered in Windsor, United Kingdom, and has 70 sites across 18 countries. It is listed as public limited company on the London Stock Exchange and is a component of the FTSE 250 Index. History From formation to flotation The six Morgan brothers (William, Thomas, Walter, Edward, Octavius and Septimus) began as importers and exporters in the City of London trading as \"Druggist Salesmen and Hardware Merchants\". An American crucible, made to a new process, was shown at the Great Exhibition of 1851 and seen by the brothers. The distinguishing feature of the “new process” involved mixing the clay with graphite, then usually known as plumbago or black lead, giving it much greater durability. The brothers obtained the sole agency for the British Empire from the manufacturers, Joseph Dixon, and in 1856 formed the Patent Plumbago Crucible Company, acquiring a site in Battersea for its manufacture. One of the features of the early years was extensive international scope of the business, both in the marketing of the crucible and the search for the ideal graphite – first in Ceylon and then Madagascar. By the 1870s, the firm, then trading under the easier name of Morgan Crucible, was said to be the largest manufacturer of crucibles in the world. In 1890, Morgan Crucible became a company; it was no longer a family concern although the shares remained in the hands of directors and senior executives, and it remained so until 1946. By 1900, the staff at Battersea totalled over 420 and the company was continually exploring other avenues for its graphite expertise. In the early 1900s lengthy development work was undertaken on electric bushes and by the end of World War I it was an established part of the business. Other refractory products, including furnace linings, were developed and in 1947 production moved to a new factory in Neston as Morgan Refractories. Other carbon specialisations included lighting carbons and resistors, the latter being large enough to move into a new factory in County Durham in 1948. At the private AGM in August 1946, the Chairman announced \"a departure from our 60-year-old policy of retaining the whole of the equity in the hands of workers and ex workers.\" There was to be a public listing on the London Stock Exchange with the issue of new shares but it was expected that the employees would still control the majority of the equity. The fundraising was duly completed the next month; the company was described as the largest manufacturer of plumbago crucibles in the world and also holding “a leading position as manufacturers of carbon products used on rotating electrical equipment”. Flotation to late 20th century In 1939 the company's subsidiary Morganite Crucible opened its works at Norton in Worcestershire. During the Second World War this facility employed European Voluntary Workers who were accommodated at Bowbrook House in nearby Peopleton. In 2010 the site, which", "title": "Morgan Advanced Materials" }, { "docid": "64250981", "text": "Rebecca Scroggs is an English actress. She has performed numerous roles in the theatre including at the Royal National Theatre, Birmingham Rep and Sheffield Crucible. She is known for playing Fiona \"Tosh\" Mackintosh for 63 episodes of BBC’s EastEnders in 2014. More recent credits include Scarborough (2019), Flack (2019–2020), Alex Rider (2020), and Grace (2021-2023). Early life Rebecca Scroggs is an English actress from London, England. Scroggs was a drama student at the University of Sussex during 2002, where she obtained a degree in European Drama and French. As part of her degree she spent a year at the Universite de Provence, Aix en Provence. Furthering her acting education, Scroggs was one of 32 students selected from 2000 applicants (approx.) to train at the Royal Academy of Dramatic Art (RADA) in London, where she graduated with a Bachelor of Arts in Acting Degree (H Level). Career Theatre Scroggs began her career at London's Tricycle Theatre appearing in Detaining Justice by Bola Agbaje, directed by Indhu Rubasingham. She appeared at the Royal National Theatre in George Buchner's Danton's Death directed by Michael Grandage in 2010 and again in 2016, as Maya in The Suicide, adapted from the Russian play by Maxim Gorky by Suhayla El-Bushra and directed by Nadia Fall. In 2017 she starred in the premier of Chris Bush's Steel at the Sheffield Crucible , a two hander directed by Rebecca Frecknall, doubling the roles of Vanessa Gallacher and Josie Kirkwood. Television and film One of first television programmes Scroggs worked on was the BBC’s Planet of the Apemen: Battle for Earth, where she played the character Byana in both Homo Erectus and Neanderthal episodes. The same year, she appeared as Michelle Bouchant in Death in Paradise episode \"Music of Murder\" alongside Ben Miller and Danny John-Jules. In 2014, Scroggs landed a regular role on BBC’s long running serial EastEnders, where she played Fiona \"Tosh\" Mackintosh for 63 episodes that year. In 2019, Scroggs played Ursula Pittman in Smoke and Mirrors – final chapter of the Acorn TV comedy-drama murder-mystery series Queens of Mystery Later that year, Scroggs landed a regular role as WPC Treeves in the BBC comedy series Scarborough. In 2019 she appeared in 3 episodes of season one of Amazon's Alex Rider series. In 2018 and 2019 she had a recurring role in Flack, produced by and starring Anna Paquin. In 2021, Scroggs secured a regular role playing Detective Chief Inspector Tina Carter in the Channel 4 crime drama Before we Die, alongside Lesley Sharp. Other Interests Scroggs was involved with the Forge Collective, supporting Feminism and equality. Scroggs is also a keen athlete, running the Brighton Half Marathon in 2012. Filmography Film Television Video games References External links Vimeo Showreel Vocalpoint Living people 1982 births 21st-century English actresses Actresses from London Alumni of RADA Alumni of the University of Sussex Black British actresses English stage actresses English television actresses English voice actresses", "title": "Rebecca Scroggs" }, { "docid": "23726218", "text": "The Crucible (도가니) is a 2009 novel by Gong Ji-Young (공지영) based on an actual case of mass sexual abuse at the Gwangju Inhwa School school for the deaf in South Korea. The title was taken from Arthur Miller's play of the same name. Plot Kang In-ho is a teacher from Seoul that teaches deaf children how to do art. He settles in Mujin (a fictional city) where he finds employment as a teacher at a school for the hearing impaired. On the first day of his new job, a young boy is struck and killed by a train, the latest of a series of accidents, he soon discovers. He hears of a young girl who had recently committed suicide by jumping off a cliff. Kang soon suspects things are not as they seem and discovers that the students, (both boys and girls) are being abused by the principal (a powerful and highly respected member of the community), an administrative head and a dormitory superintendent. Kang's efforts to bring the crimes to the attention of the public are met with resistance by corrupt police, doctors and other business leaders. When the case comes to trial, the defense lawyers further attempt to discredit Kang by bringing to light his past misdeeds, including the affair with his former student who committed suicide. Compounding all, the financially strapped parents of the abused students agree to remain silent about the incidents in exchange for money. In the end, the three accused are sentenced to probation and set free to return to the school. Kang, humiliated at having his personal failures publicized and frustrated by the lack of justice, decides to leave Mujin and return to his family in Seoul. Film adaptation A film adaptation also titled The Crucible (), was released in 2011 starring Gong Yoo as Kang In-ho and Jung Yu-mi as Seo Yoo-jin. References See also South Korean literature 2009 novels 21st-century South Korean novels Novels set in Korea South Korean novels adapted into films", "title": "The Crucible (novel)" }, { "docid": "6612929", "text": "Hot Metal is a British sitcom produced by London Weekend Television about the newspaper industry, that aired for two series on the ITV network in 1986 and 1988, along with a special episode for Comic Relief in 1989, that was broadcast on BBC One. Written by David Renwick and Andrew Marshall, it is very much a continuation in style from their previous sitcom Whoops Apocalypse!. It was produced by Humphrey Barclay Productions for LWT. After its original transmission, the series was repeated in 1988 on Channel 4 and in 2022 on Forces TV. Synopsis The Daily Crucible, the dullest newspaper in Fleet Street, is suddenly taken over by media magnate Terence \"Twiggy\" Rathbone (Robert Hardy) (an obvious parody of real-life magnates, especially Rupert Murdoch and Robert Maxwell). Its editor Harry Stringer (Geoffrey Palmer) is 'promoted' to managing editor, and is replaced in his old job by Russell Spam (also played by Hardy). At first Stringer is convinced that Spam is in fact Rathbone in disguise, until he sees the two of them together (via split-screen). In a later episode Stringer meets the paper's board of directors, all of whom are also played by Hardy. Spam takes the paper shooting downmarket and turns the Crucible into a sensation-seeking scandal rag, very much in the style of the British tabloids of the 1980s, in particular The Sun and The Daily Mirror. In one episode, the Crucible's Page 3 is spiced up by the invention of \"Wobblevision\", a method of animating nude glamour photos by means of special printing techniques and 3D-style glasses with moving filters. This idea has to be dropped due to medical evidence that it causes migraines and vision problems; following this revelation Stringer tells a user, \"stop it, you'll go blind\". Spam is helped in his popularising campaign by his ace gutter journalist, Greg Kettle (Richard Kane), who intimidates his tabloid victims by claiming to be \"a representative of Her Majesty's press\" and produces stories such as accusing a vicar of being a werewolf. Throughout the first series, a running plot involved cub reporter Bill Tytla (John Gordon Sinclair) gradually uncovering an actual newsworthy story that went to the very heart of government (Tytla appears to be named after animator Vladimir \"Bill\" Tytla). In the second series, Harry Stringer had vanished in a \"mysterious aircraft accident\", to be replaced as Managing Editor by former daytime chat show host Richard Lipton (Richard Wilson). The cub reporter investigating the running plot this time was Maggie Troon (Caroline Milmoe). The show's opening title sequence depicts the titles apparently being printed by metal type blocks; in the closing titles, blocks spelling the main title are seen melting in time-lapse behind the credits. Cast Robert Hardy as Russell Spam, Terrence \"Twiggy\" Rathbone and Daily Crucible board members Richard Kane as Greg Kettle Geoffrey Palmer as Harold Stringer (series 1) John Gordon Sinclair as Bill Tytla (series 1) Geoffrey Hutchings as Max Rutherford (series 1) John Horsley as Father Teasdale (series 1) Sarah Mortimer as", "title": "Hot Metal" }, { "docid": "4930128", "text": "The 1988 World Snooker Championship, also known as the 1988 Embassy World Snooker Championship for sponsorship reasons, was a professional snooker tournament that took place from 16 April to 2 May 1988 at the Crucible Theatre in Sheffield, England. Organised by the World Professional Billiards and Snooker Association (WPBSA), it was the sixth and final ranking event of the 1987–88 snooker season and the twelfth consecutive World Snooker Championship to be held at the Crucible, the first tournament there having taken place in 1977. A five-round qualifying event for the championship was held at the Preston Guild Hall from 22 March to 2 April 1988 for 113 players, 16 of whom reached the main stage, where they met the 16 invited seeded players. The tournament was broadcast in the United Kingdom by the BBC, and was sponsored by the Embassy cigarette company. The winner received £95,000 from the total prize fund of £475,000. The defending champion was Steve Davis, who had previously won the World Championship four times. He met the 1979 champion Terry Griffiths in the final, which was a best-of-35- match. Davis won the match 18–11 after the pair had been level at 8–8 at the end of the first day of the final. Steve James scored the championship's highest , a 140, in his first-round match. There were 18 century breaks compiled during the championship. Overview The World Snooker Championship is an annual professional snooker tournament organised by the World Professional Billiards and Snooker Association (WPBSA). Founded in the late 19th century by British Army soldiers stationed in India, the cue sport gained popularity in the British Isles in the 1920s and 1930s. In the modern era, which started in 1969 when the World Championship reverted to a knockout format, it has become increasingly popular worldwide, especially in East and Southeast Asian nations such as China, Hong Kong and Thailand. Joe Davis won the first World Championship in 1927, organised by the Billiards Association and Control Council, the final match being held at Camkin's Hall in Birmingham, England. Since 1977, the event has been held at the Crucible Theatre in Sheffield, England. The 1988 championship featured 32 professional players competing in one-on-one snooker matches in a single-elimination format, each match played over several . These competitors in the main tournament were selected using a combination of the top players in the snooker world rankings and the winners of a pre-tournament qualification stage that took place at Preston Guild Hall from 22 March to 2 April 1988. The qualifying competition consisted of five knockout rounds, all contested as the best-of-19-frames, including a single preliminary round match. There were 113 players involved in the qualifying competition, which produced 16 players who each faced one of the top 16 players in the world rankings in the first round of the main event. The rounds held at the Crucible Theatre were broadcast in the United Kingdom by the BBC. The 1988 championship was sponsored by cigarette brand Embassy, and was also", "title": "1988 World Snooker Championship" }, { "docid": "5074880", "text": "The 1993 World Snooker Championship (also referred to as the 1993 Embassy World Snooker Championship for the purposes of sponsorship) was a professional ranking snooker tournament that took place between 17 April and 3 May 1993 at the Crucible Theatre in Sheffield, England. Stephen Hendry won his third World Championship title by defeating Jimmy White 18–5 in the final with a . The tournament was sponsored by cigarette manufacturer Embassy. Tournament summary Ronnie O'Sullivan made his World Championship debut at the age of 17 years and 5 months, making him the second-youngest player since Stephen Hendry in 1986. O'Sullivan lost against Alan McManus 7–10 in the first round. Spencer Dunn made his Crucible debut, after winning eleven qualifying matches—a tournament record—to secure his place in the main draw. He defeated Ian Bullimore 5–1, Colin Mitchell 5–1, Elliott Clark 5–4, Neil Selman 5–1, Julian Goodyear 5–1, Kieran McAlinden 5–4, Mehmet Husnu 5–2, Bill Oliver 10–2, Colin Roscoe 10–7, Dave Harold 10–7, and Mark Bennett 10–9, before his first-round match against Nigel Bond. Fellow debutants O'Sullivan and John Giles both won ten qualifying matches to reach the Crucible stages. The other debutants this year were Brian Morgan, Joe Swail, Karl Payne, Shaun Mellish and Stephen O'Connor. The high number of debutants was partially a result of the governing body's decision to begin pre-qualifying at the beginning of the season. Of this year's rookies, only Morgan, O'Sullivan and Swail ever qualified for another World Championship. In frame three of his first-round match, Hendry compiled the 250th century break at the Crucible. 1981 runner-up and former Masters and twice UK Champion, Doug Mountjoy, played in his last World Championship main draw. He had appeared at every World Championship since the event moved to the Crucible in 1977, a run of 17 consecutive appearances. Mountjoy reached the second round, falling 6–13 to Jimmy White. Weeks later, Mountjoy had an operation to remove his left lung after being diagnosed with stage 2 lung cancer. Dennis Taylor's 13–11 second-round victory over Terry Griffiths set a record for the longest best-of-25-frames match in professional play at almost 800 minutes. James Wattana of Thailand became the first player from the Far East to reach the semi-finals of the event. Hendry's 18–5 victory over White was only the third time since the championship moved to the Crucible, and to date the last, that the title was settled in the afternoon with a . The previous two were in 1983 and 1989. Prize fund The breakdown of prize money for this year is shown below: Winner: £175,000 Runner-up: £105,000 Semi-final: £52,000 Quarter-final: £26,000 Last 16: £14,000 Last 32: £8,000 Highest break: £14,400 Maximum break: £100,000 Total: £1,000,000 Main draw Shown below are the results for each round. The numbers in parentheses beside some of the players are their seeding ranks (each championship has 16 seeds and 16 qualifiers). Century breaks There were 35 century breaks in the championship, a new record, beating the 31 centuries of 1991. The highest break of", "title": "1993 World Snooker Championship" }, { "docid": "4930035", "text": "The 1989 World Snooker Championship (also referred to as the Embassy World Snooker Championship for sponsorship reasons) was a professional snooker tournament that took place from 15 April to 1 May 1989 at the Crucible Theatre in Sheffield, England. Organised by the World Professional Billiards and Snooker Association, it was the eighth and final ranking event of the 1988–89 snooker season and the thirteenth consecutive World Snooker Championship to be held at the Crucible, the first tournament at this location having taken place in 1977. There were 142 entrants to the competition. The defending champion was Steve Davis, who had previously won the World Championship five times. He met John Parrott in the final, which was a best-of-35- match. Davis won the match 18–3, which remains the biggest winning margin in the sport's modern era, and meant that the final, scheduled for four , finished with a . This was Davis's sixth and last world title, and his last appearance in a World Championship final. Stephen Hendry scored the championship's highest , a 141, in his quarter-final match. There were 19 century breaks compiled during the championship. A five-round qualifying event for the championship was held at the Preston Guild Hall from 22 March to 4 April 1989 for 126 players, 16 of whom reached the main stage, where they met the 16 invited seeded players. The tournament was broadcast in the United Kingdom by the BBC, and was sponsored by the Embassy cigarette company. Davis received £105,000 from the total prize fund of £525,000. Overview The World Snooker Championship is an annual professional snooker tournament organised by the World Professional Billiards and Snooker Association (WPBSA). Founded in the late 19th century by British Army soldiers stationed in India, the cue sport gained popularity in the British Isles in the 1920s and 1930s. In the modern era, which started in 1969 when the World Championship reverted to a knockout format, it has become increasingly popular worldwide, especially in East and Southeast Asian nations such as China, Hong Kong and Thailand. Joe Davis won the first World Championship in 1927, hosted by the Billiards Association and Control Council, the final match being held at Camkin's Hall in Birmingham, England. Since 1977, the event has been held at the Crucible Theatre in Sheffield, England. The 1989 championship featured 32 professional players competing in one-on-one snooker matches in a single-elimination format, each round being played over a pre-determined number of , and each match divided into two or more s containing a set number of frames. These competitors in the main tournament were selected using a combination of the top 16 players in the snooker world rankings and the winners of a pre-tournament qualification stage. It was the eighth and final ranking event of the 1988–89 snooker season, and the thirteenth consecutive World Snooker Championship to be held at the Crucible, the first tournament there having taken place in 1977. The defending champion in 1989 was Steve Davis, who had defeated Terry Griffiths", "title": "1989 World Snooker Championship" }, { "docid": "57113489", "text": "The 2019 World Snooker Championship (officially the 2019 Betfred World Snooker Championship) was a professional snooker tournament that took place from 20 April to 6 May 2019 at the Crucible Theatre in Sheffield, England. It was the 43rd consecutive year the World Snooker Championship had been held at the Crucible, and the 20th and final ranking event of the 2018–19 snooker season. Qualifying for the tournament took place from 10 to 17 April 2019 at the English Institute of Sport in Sheffield. Sports betting company Betfred sponsored the event. The winner of the title was Judd Trump, who defeated John Higgins 18–9 in the final to claim his first World Championship. In doing so, Trump became the 11th player to win all three Triple Crown titles at least once. Defending champion Mark Williams lost 9–13 to David Gilbert in the second round of the tournament. For the first time in the history of the World Snooker Championship, an amateur player appeared at the main stage of the event—debutant James Cahill defeated world number one Ronnie O'Sullivan in the first round, before being narrowly defeated by Stephen Maguire in a second round deciding . The tournament featured 100 century breaks; at the time, this was the highest number recorded at an official snooker event (superseded at the 2021 World Championship). The final match alone included 11 centuries, the most ever scored in the final of a ranking event. Higgins compiled the highest break, a 143, in his semi-final win over Gilbert. Shaun Murphy defeated Luo Honghao in the first round 10–0, the first whitewash at the World Championship since 1992. Background The World Snooker Championship is an annual cue sport tournament and the official world championship of the game of snooker. Founded in the late 19th century by British Army soldiers stationed in India, the sport was popular in the British Isles. However, in the modern era it has become increasingly popular worldwide, especially in East and Southeast Asian nations such as China, Hong Kong and Thailand. The championship features 32 professional and qualified amateur players competing in one-on-one snooker matches in a single elimination format, each played over several . The 32 competitors in the main tournament are selected using a combination of the top players in the world snooker rankings and a pre-tournament qualification stage. Joe Davis won the first World Championship in 1927, the final match being held in Camkin's Hall, Birmingham, England. Since 1977, the event has been held in the Crucible Theatre in Sheffield, England. , Stephen Hendry and Ronnie O’Sullivan are the event's most successful participants in the modern era, having both won the championship seven times. The 2018 World Championship had been won by Welsh professional player Mark Williams, who defeated Scotland's John Higgins 18–16 in the final. This was Williams' third world title, having won the championship in 2000 and 2003. The winner of the 2019 tournament earned prize money of £500,000, from a total pool of £2,231,000. The title sponsor of the", "title": "2019 World Snooker Championship" }, { "docid": "62864917", "text": "Dame Grace Tebbutt (née Mellor; 5 January 1893 – 1983) was a British local politician and a key figure in Sheffield politics in the mid-20th century. She was affiliated to the Labour Party, serving as the first female leader of Sheffield City Council, Sheffield's first female Alderman and the first female Labour Lord Mayor in 1949. Early life Tebbutt was born on 5 January 1893. Her grandfather was the renowned Attercliffe Liberal worker and trade unionist, William Mellar. In 1913, she married Frank Tebbutt in Sheffield. A year later Grace gave birth to their daughter Irene. Frank became the secretary of the Attercliffe Divisional Labour Party, a position he held for seven years. During this time Grace occupied all the chief offices in the women’s section of the Divisional Party. She was also the president of the Tinsley Women’s section and was vice-president of the divisional party. They were involved in the Clarion Club in Sheffield where they spent much of their time volunteering. Political career Tebbutt ran unsuccessfully for public office twice - contesting the Broomhall Ward in 1927 and Burngreave Ward in the last guardians' election. She was finally elected as councilor to the Sheffield City Council for Tinsley Ward in November 1929, for a period of two years. She retained her seat at a further Municipal Election in 1931. It seems likely that Tebbutt was elected to the position of Sheffield’s first female Alderman in April 1934. As Grace and Frank lived at the Clarion Club House at Dore Moor, after Frank’s appointment as steward the previous year, she was able to meet the residence qualifications required to take the new aldermanic seat that had become available after the inclusion of the Norton Ward onto the council. From 1937, she served as the Chair of the Parks Committee. In 1949, Tebbutt became the first female Lord Mayor of Sheffield for the Labour Party, preceded only by Ann E. Longdon in 1936. During her time as Mayor, in addition to her many other ceremonial duties, she attended her first professional football on Saturday the 7th of January, 1950, watching Sheffield United play Leicester City in the FA Cup at Bramall Lane. Tebbutt became the first female leader of Sheffield City Council in 1960, a role she held until 1966. In 1966, Tebbutt was involved in the backing the Sheffield Theatre Trust’s plans to build, what would become, the Sheffield Crucible. In 1966, Tebbutt helped oversee Sheffield’s arrangements for the 1966 World Cup. Character Colin George gives a wry account of Tebbutt as he recounts his development of the Crucible theatre. He described her as a “formidable northern lady”, who made his carefully worded speech arguing for a Council subsidy redundant when she, \"sitting on her mayoral throne and greeting us like a headmistress with naughty children\", replied with her thunderbolt: \"Nah then, where do you want your new theatre?\" Similarly when Roy Hattersley, in his memoir A Yorkshire Boyhood, recalls the elated moment of his election he takes", "title": "Grace Tebbutt" }, { "docid": "54682992", "text": "Yaël Farber is a South African director and playwright. Early life Farber was born in Johannesburg, South Africa in 1971. Books Molora was published by Oberon Books in 2008 . Genre drama. Farber wrote the book as an Ancient Greek type of chorus production with the main influences of the themes being the rural Xhosa aesthetic. Theatre as witness was published by Oberon Books in 2008. Genre drama. Farber wrote about three testimonial plays that South Africa has produced by collaborating with the original performers and their lives. RAM: The abduction of Sita into darkness was published by Oberon Books in 2012. Genre drama. This book is a contemporary stage adaptation of the tale of The Ramanya from the Hindu culture. Mies Julie: Based on August Strindberg’s Miss Julie was published Oberon Books in 2012. Genre Drama. This is a stage adaptation of Strindbergs Miss Julie based in the Karoo of South Africa. Farber Plays One was published by Oberon Books in 2015. Genre Drama. This book is the compilation of Farber’s three books. Molora, RAM: The Abduction of Sita Into Darkness and Mies Julie. Plays Farber directed a Shakespeare piece Hamlet. Performed at The Gate in Dublin, Ireland from September 21 to 27 October 2018, with a revival at St. Ann’s Warehouse in Brooklyn, New York in February 2020. The play starred Irish actress Ruth Negga in the titular role. Knives in Hens, written by David Harrower and directed by Yaël Farber. Performed at the Donmar Warehouse, London, UK from August 17 to October 7, 2017. Les Blancs, written by Lorraine Hansberry and directed by Yaël Farber. Salomé was adapted and directed by Yaël Farber. Performed at the National Theatre Olivier stage, London, UK from May 3 to July 16, 2017 and at the Shakespeare Theatre Company, Washington D.C., United States from October 6 to November 8, 2015. Nirbhaya, written and directed by Yaël Farber. Performed on different tours from 2013 to 2015. Mies Julie, adapted from August Strindberg Miss Julie. Written and directed by Yaël Farber. Performed on different tours from 2012 to 2017. Kadmos, adapted from Sophocles Theban plays. Created and adapted by Yaël Farber. Performed at the National Theatre school of Canada on 25 February 2011. Molora, written and directed by Yaël Farber. Performed on different tours from 2007 to 2011. Sezar, adapted from Shakespeares Julius Caesar and written by Yaël Farber. Performed on different tours from 2001 to 2002. He Left Quietly, written and directed by Yaël Farber. Performed on different tours in 2002. Amajuba, created and written by Yaël Farber. Performed on different tours from 2001 to 2007. Woman in Waiting, written by Yaël Farber with Thembi Mtshali-Jones. Performed on different tours from 2001 to 2013. Movies The Crucible, written by Arthur Miller and Directed by Yaël Farber. Produced in 2014. Awards and nominations EVENING STANDARD BEST DIRECTOR NOMINATION 2014 London, UK for “THE CRUCIBLE” BROADWAY WORLD BEST DIRECTOR AWARD 2014 London, UK for “THE CRUCIBLE” ASIAN MEDIA BEST LIVE EVENT AWARD 2014 London,", "title": "Yaël Farber" }, { "docid": "64966728", "text": "The 2021 World Snooker Championship (officially the 2021 Betfred World Snooker Championship) was a professional snooker tournament that took place from 17 April to 3 May 2021 at the Crucible Theatre in Sheffield, England. It was the 45th consecutive year the World Snooker Championship was held at the Crucible Theatre and the 15th and final ranking event of the 2020–21 snooker season. It was organised by the World Snooker Tour. The event was sponsored by sports betting company Betfred and broadcast by the BBC, Eurosport and Matchroom Sport. It featured a total prize fund of £2,395,000 of which the winner received £500,000. Qualifying for the tournament took place between 5 and 14 April 2021 at the English Institute of Sport in Sheffield. There were 128 participants in the qualifying rounds, consisting of a mix of professional and invited amateur players. The main stage of the tournament featured 32 players: the top 16 players from the snooker world rankings and an additional 16 players from the qualifying rounds. Ronnie O'Sullivan was the defending champion, having won his sixth world title at the previous year's event, where he defeated Kyren Wilson 18–8 in the final. O'Sullivan lost in the second round to Anthony McGill 12–13. Mark Selby defeated Shaun Murphy 18–15 in the final to win his fourth world title and the 20th ranking title of his career. There were a record 108 century breaks made at the Crucible, with an additional 106 made in qualifying rounds. The tournament's highest break was 144 by Murphy in the second round. Background The World Snooker Championship features 32 professional players competing in one-on-one snooker matches in a single-elimination format, each match played over a number of . The 32 players for the event are selected through a mix of the snooker world rankings and a pre-tournament qualifying stage. The first World Snooker Championship final took place in 1927. The final was held at Camkin's Hall in Birmingham, England, and the title was won by Joe Davis. Since 1977, the event has been held at the Crucible Theatre in Sheffield, England. It is organised by World Snooker along with the World Professional Billiards and Snooker Association (WPBSA). , Stephen Hendry and Ronnie O’Sullivan are the event's most successful participants in the modern era, having both won the championship seven times. The 2020 championship had been won by English player Ronnie O'Sullivan, who defeated compatriot Kyren Wilson in the final 18–8 to win his sixth world title. The event was returned to its traditional April schedule after the 2020 championship was delayed to late July because of the COVID-19 pandemic. The winner of the 2021 championship received £500,000 from a total prize fund of £2,395,000. Format The 2021 World Snooker Championship took place between 17 April and 3 May 2021 at the Crucible Theatre. The event featured a 32-player main draw, preceded by a 128-player qualifying draw held at the English Institute of Sport. Qualifying for the event was played between 5 and 14 April, finishing", "title": "2021 World Snooker Championship" }, { "docid": "64780348", "text": "William Polk Berlind (born April 12, 1973) is an American theatre producer who currently heads Berlind Productions. Early life Berlind was born in New York City to Roger Berlind and Helen Polk Clark. He attended Trinity School and Princeton University, where he was a member of Terrace Club and served as music director of the Gospel Ensemble Choir. He graduated in 1995 with a degree in comparative literature. After graduating, Berlind worked as a fact-checker at Time magazine until in 2001 he transferred to The New York Observer as a staff writer and music critic. He has also written for The New York Times as an arts critic. Work on Broadway Berlind has been involved as a producer on shows such as Nice Work If You Can Get It (2012), Grace (2012), Lucky Guy (2013), All the Way (2014), The Realistic Joneses (2014), This Is Our Youth (2014), A Delicate Balance (2014), Fish in the Dark (2015), Skylight (2015), A View From the Bridge (2015), Blackbird (2016), The Crucible (2016), Shuffle Along (2016), Dear Evan Hansen (2016), Hello, Dolly! (2017), Mean Girls (2018), and Oklahoma! (2019). Awards Berlind is the recipient of numerous Tony Awards, including \"Best Revival of a Musical\" for Oklahoma! and Hello, Dolly!; \"Best Revival of a Play\" for The Crucible, Blackbird, and This Is Our Youth; and \"Best Play\" for All The Way and A View From the Bridge. Personal life Berlind married Karen O'Neill in 2010. They have two daughters, Natasha and Gray, and live in Manhattan's Greenwich Village. References American theatre managers and producers 1973 births Living people", "title": "William Berlind" }, { "docid": "22701732", "text": "The 2010 World Snooker Championship (officially the 2010 Betfred.com World Snooker Championship) was a professional snooker tournament that took place between 17 April and 3 May 2010 at the Crucible Theatre in Sheffield, England. The final ranking event of the 2009-10 snooker season, it was the 34th year that the World Snooker Championship had been held at the Crucible, first held in 1927. The event was organised by the World Professional Billiards and Snooker Association and had a total prize fund of £1,111,000, with £250,000 going to the winner of the event. The tournament was sponsored by sports betting company Betfred. John Higgins was the defending champion, but lost in the second round 11–13 to Steve Davis. Neil Robertson won the event after a 18–13 win over Graeme Dott in the final. In winning the event, Robertson was the second player from outside of the British Isles to win the event in the modern era of snooker, and the first Australian to win the event since the disputed 1952 World Snooker Championship which contained only Australian and New Zealand players. There were 60 century breaks made during the event, the highest being a 146 made by both Dott and Mark Allen. Overview The World Snooker Championship is an annual cue sport tournament and the official world championship of the game of snooker. Invented in the late 19th century by British Army soldiers stationed in India, the sport was popular in Great Britain. In modern times it has been played worldwide, especially in East and Southeast Asian nations such as China, Hong Kong and Thailand. In the 2010 tournament, 32 professional players competed in one-on-one snooker matches played over several , using a single-elimination tournament format. The 32 players were selected for the event using the snooker world rankings and a pre-tournament qualification competition. In 1927, the first world championship was won by Joe Davis. The event's final took place in Camkin's Hall, Birmingham, England. Since 1977, the event has been held at the Crucible Theatre in Sheffield, England. The event was organised by the World Professional Billiards and Snooker Association. Scotsman John Higgins was the defending champion, having defeated Shaun Murphy 18–9 in the previous year's final. The event was sponsored by sports betting company Betfred, who extended their sponsorship of the event for a further four years. Format The 2010 World Snooker Championship took place from 17 April to 3 May 2010 in Sheffield, England. The tournament was the last of six ranking events in the 2009–10 snooker season on the World Snooker Tour. It featured a 32-player main draw that was held at the Crucible Theatre, as well as a qualifying draw that was played at the World Snooker Academy in Sheffield from 26 February to 9 March. This was the 34th consecutive year that the tournament had been staged at the Crucible. The main stages of the event were broadcast by the BBC in the United Kingdom. The top 16 players in the latest world rankings automatically", "title": "2010 World Snooker Championship" }, { "docid": "42362118", "text": "The 2014 World Snooker Championship (officially the 2014 Dafabet World Snooker Championship) was a professional snooker tournament that took place from 19 April to 5 May 2014 at the Crucible Theatre in Sheffield, England. It was the 38th consecutive year that the World Snooker Championship had been held at the Crucible. The tournament was also the last ranking event of the 2013–14 snooker season. The event was sponsored by Dafabet for the first time. A qualifying tournament was held from 8 to 16 April 2014 at the Ponds Forge International Sports Centre in Sheffield for 16 players, who met 16 seeded participants at the main championships. Ronnie O'Sullivan was the defending champion, having won the previous year's event by defeating Barry Hawkins in the final. Mark Selby won the 2014 event to capture his first world title by defeating O'Sullivan 18–14 in the final. This was Selby's fourth ranking title, also completing the Triple Crown of World Championship, UK Championship, and Masters titles. Neil Robertson compiled the highest of the tournament, a 140, and scored his 100th century break of the season in his quarter-final win over Judd Trump. The event featured a prize fund of £1,214,000, the winner receiving £300,000. Background The 2014 World Snooker Championship featured 32 professional players competing in one-on-one snooker matches in a single-elimination format, each match played over several . These 32 players for the event were selected through a mix of the snooker world rankings and a pre-tournament qualification round. The first World Snooker Championship took place in 1927, with the final held at Camkin's Hall in Birmingham, England, and the title was won by Joe Davis. Since 1977, the event has been held at the Crucible Theatre in Sheffield, England. , Stephen Hendry and Ronnie O’Sullivan are the event's most successful participants in the modern era, having both won the championship seven times. The defending champion was Ronnie O'Sullivan, who had won the 2013 event, defeating Barry Hawkins in the final to take his fifth title. The winner of the 2014 championship received £300,000, from a total prize fund of £1,214,000. The event was organised by World Snooker in partnership with the World Professional Billiards and Snooker Association (WPBSA). Format The 2014 World Snooker Championship was a professional snooker tournament played from 19 April to 5 May 2014 at the Crucible Theatre in Sheffield, England. This was the 38th consecutive year that the World Snooker Championship was held at the Crucible Theatre. Of the 32 participants, 16 players qualified for the event from the snooker world rankings, and 16 from a four-round qualifying event held at Ponds Forge International Sports Centre in Sheffield, England. The event was the last of twelve ranking events in the 2013–14 snooker season on the World Snooker Tour. The tournament was sponsored by sports betting company Dafabet for the first time, replacing previous sponsors Betfair. Prize fund The total prize money for the 2014 World Snooker Championship was £1,214,000, a raise from the previous year's £1,111,000. The", "title": "2014 World Snooker Championship" }, { "docid": "7897063", "text": "Brian Murray (né Bell; 10 September 193720 August 2018) was a South African actor and theatre director who was inducted into the American Theater Hall of Fame in 2004. Biography Murray was born Brian Bell in Johannesburg, the son of Mary Dickson (née Murray) and Alfred Bell, a professional golfer. Career Murray made his Broadway debut in the play All in Good Time in 1965. In 1967, he starred as Rosencrantz in the Broadway production of Rosencrantz and Guildenstern Are Dead, earning the first of three Tony Awards, Best Featured Actor In A Play nominations for his performance. Murray directed the 1973 Broadway revival of The Waltz of the Toreadors. His stage directing credits include Broadway revivals of Hay Fever (1985), Arsenic and Old Lace (1986), Blithe Spirit (1987), and The Show Off (1992). In 1998, he received the Lucille Lortel Award for outstanding body of work. His film credits include Bob Roberts and City Hall. On television he has appeared in Kojak, Another World, Law & Order: Criminal Intent and 30 Rock. In the 1970s and 1980s, he performed in a number of radio plays for Yuri Rasovsky's award-winning National Radio Theater. In 2002, he provided the voice of John Silver in the Disney animated Treasure Planet, a role he reprised in the video game Treasure Planet: Battle at Procyon. He played a role in the 2009 film, My Dog Tulip. Death Murray died of natural causes on August 20, 2018, at age 80. Additional Broadway acting credits Source: Playbill Vault Sleuth (1973) Da (1978) The Arcata Promise (1982) Noises Off (1983) A Small Family Business (1992) The Little Foxes (1997) Twelfth Night (1998) Uncle Vanya (2000) The Crucible (2002) The Rivals (2004) Filmography Source: Rotten Tomatoes Source: Behind the voice actors Film Television Videogames Radio drama A Tale of Two Cities (1977) The Man of Destiny (1978) The Killer (1979) Medea (1985) The Tempest (1985) The Imaginary Invalid (1985) The Lady of the Camellias (1985) An Enemy of the People (1985) Arms and the Man (1985) Uncle Vanya (1985) Awards and nominations Sources: Playbill Vault; IBDB Awards 1984 Drama Desk Award for Outstanding Ensemble Work – Noises Off 1997 Drama Desk Award for Outstanding Featured Actor in a Play – The Little Foxes Nominations 1968 Tony Award for Best Featured Actor in a Play – Rosencrantz and Guildenstern Are Dead 1978 Drama Desk Award for Outstanding Actor in a Play – Da 1992 Drama Desk Award for Outstanding Actor in a Play – A Small Family Business 1997 Tony Award for Best Featured Actor in a Play – The Little Foxes 2000 Drama Desk Award for Outstanding Featured Actor in a Play – Uncle Vanya 2002 Drama Desk Award for Outstanding Featured Actor in a Play – The Crucible 2002 Tony Award for Best Featured Actor in a Play – The Crucible 2002 Annie Award for Voice Acting in a Feature Production – Treasure Planet References External links 1937 births 2018 deaths 20th-century South African male actors 21st-century", "title": "Brian Murray (actor)" }, { "docid": "10970537", "text": "Anna Mackmin (born 1964) is a British theatre director. She has been an associate director at the Sheffield Crucible and at the Gate Theatre in London. Early life and education Mackmin was born in Leeds. Mackmin's sister, Scarlett Mackmin, is a choreographer also working in the London theatre. Mackmin attended the Central School of Speech and Drama, studying acting. Career Dissatisfied with her acting career, she became a clothing designer at one point and set up a business with her sister in London's Soho neighbourhood. Mackmin was friends with the actress and writer Charlotte Jones, and it was Jones' first play Airswimming which also provided Mackmin with her directorial debut in 1997. She had only done two plays when Michael Grandage offered her the position of associate director at the Crucible Theatre in Sheffield. There she scored notable successes with Arthur Miller's The Crucible and Caryl Churchill's Cloud Nine, the latter earning her the 2004 TMA Award for best director. She has also had a successful stint at the Gate Theatre, where her most recent directorial effort was Ibsen's Ghosts. Mackmin has repeatedly worked with Charlotte Jones since their joint debut, directing Jones' plays In Flame, The Dark and The Lightning Play. She has also collaborated several times with Amelia Bullmore whom she originally directed as an actress in The Crucible in 2004. Since then, she has directed Bullmore's play Mammals and also her adaptation of Ghosts. In 2006, Mackmin staged an acclaimed triple bill at the National Theatre, entitled Burn/Chatroom/Citizenship. In the spring of 2007, she again won plaudits, this time for her direction of Dying For It, Moira Buffini's 'free adaptation' of Nikolai Erdman's The Suicide. Mackmin directed Toby Stephens as Henry in a revival of Tom Stoppard's The Real Thing at the Old Vic Theatre in London from April through June 2010. Filmography 1992: Coronation Street – 1 episode as Sister Lancaster 1993: Minder – 1 episode as Receptionist 1993: The Chief – 2 episodes as June Robbins Plays directed 2004: The Crucible by Arthur Miller at the Sheffield Crucible (Sheffield) 2005: Breathing Corpses by Laura Wade at the Royal Court Theatre (London) 2005: Mammals by Amelia Bullmore at the Bush Theatre (London) 2006: Burn / Chatroom / Citizenship at the National Theatre (London) 2007: Ghosts by Henrik Ibsen (adaptation) at the Gate Theatre (Dublin) 2009: 24 Hour Plays, The Old Vic (London) 2009: Dancing at Lughnasa by Brian Friel at The Old Vic (London) 2010: The Real Thing by Tom Stoppard at The Old Vic (London) 2010: Really Old, Like Forty Five by Tamsin Oglesby at The National Theatre (London) 2010: Me And My Girl by Noel Gay at the Sheffield Crucible 2012: Hedda Gabler by Henrik Ibsen at The Old Vic (London) 2011: Di and Viv and Rose by Amelia Bullmore at Hampstead Downstairs (London) 2013: Di and Viv and Rose by Amelia Bullmore at Hampstead Theatre (London) 2015: Di and Viv and Rose by Amelia Bullmore at Vaudeville Theatre (London) 2024: The Divine Mrs", "title": "Anna Mackmin" }, { "docid": "27212249", "text": "The 2011 World Snooker Championship (officially the 2011 Betfred.com World Snooker Championship) was a professional snooker tournament that took place between 16 April and 2 May 2011 at the Crucible Theatre in Sheffield, England. It was the 35th consecutive year that the World Snooker Championship had been held at the Crucible and was the last ranking event of the 2010–11 snooker season. The event was organised by the World Professional Billiards and Snooker Association and had a total prize fund of £1,111,000, with £250,000 going to the winner of the event. The tournament was sponsored by sports betting company Betfred. Neil Robertson was the defending champion, but lost 8–10 against Judd Trump in the first round. Trump became the youngest player since 1990 to reach the final where he lost to John Higgins. This was Higgins' fourth world title, becoming only the fourth man to win four or more championships in the modern era. Ding Junhui meanwhile became the first player from China to reach the semi-finals. Mark King and Ding Junhui made the highest breaks at the Crucible with 138; while James Wattana compiled the highest break of the tournament during qualifying with 141. An audience of 3.93 million viewers watched the fourth session in Great Britain with 2.03 million watching the third session of the final. The second and fourth sessions of the final were the most watched programmes on BBC Two for their particular weeks. Viewing figures on the BBC peaked at 6.6 million viewers. The figure of 3.9 million who watched the final session was up 50% on the year before. It was estimated that nearly half of the UK population watched the tournament at some point. In China, Ding Junhui's semi-final had an average watch of 19.4 million with a peak audience of 30 million over seven television networks. A record number of fans bought tickets, with the last four days and other sessions sold out with sales up 15% on 2010. Overview The World Snooker Championship is an annual cue sport tournament and the official world championship of the game of snooker. Invented in the late 19th century by British Army soldiers stationed in India, the sport was popular in Great Britain. In modern times it has been played worldwide, especially in East and Southeast Asian nations such as China, Hong Kong and Thailand. In the 2011 tournament, 32 professional players competed in one-on-one snooker matches played over several , using a single-elimination tournament format. The 32 players were selected for the event using the snooker world rankings and a pre-tournament qualification competition. In 1927, the first world championship was won by Joe Davis. The event's final took place in Camkin's Hall, Birmingham, England. Since 1977, the event has been held at the Crucible Theatre in Sheffield, England. The event was organised by the World Professional Billiards and Snooker Association. Australian Neil Robertson was the defending champion, having defeated Graeme Dott 18–13 in the previous year's final. The event was sponsored by sports betting", "title": "2011 World Snooker Championship" }, { "docid": "14340199", "text": "Good Fun is a play by Victoria Wood, first performed in 1980. It is set in an Arts Centre in North West England. Origins Wood, keen to trade on her previous stage success Talent, was commissioned to write another play by impresario Michael Codron. \"I wrote one called Pals, which he said was 'very enjoyable'. This is a euphemism for wincing, so it went in the bin. I then wrote another called Good Fun.\" Performance The play was first performed in April 1980 at Sheffield's Crucible Theatre. It was directed by David Leland. It starred Annabel Leventon as Liz, Charles McKeown as Frank, Gregory Floy as Mike, Victoria Wood as Lynne, Joe Figg as Kev, Julie Walters as Betty, Noreen Kershaw as Gail and Christopher Hancock as Maurice. The show was then performed at The Crucible Theatre again in June that year with some cast changes. Polly James played Liz, Sam Kelly played Frank and Meg Johnson played Betty. After The Crucible's second version, the plan was to transfer the play to the West End. Though this never happened, it was performed at the King's Head Theatre in Islington. Wood said she heard a man at the interval saying \"It's a bit witty witty isn't it?\" Wood's view of the play was that \"there was an awful lot wrong with it but there were some lovely performances and the audiences enjoyed it.\" After Good Fun Wood concentrated on television comedy and her career as a stand up comic. Though she did write two more plays \"which to save bothering Michael Codron, I called 'very enjoyable' and put straight in the bin.\" Reviews Robin Thurber of The Guardian said \"Good Fun is just that... full of knowing little laughs. Dry laughs, belly laughs, dirty laughs and running giggles\". James Fenton of The Sunday Times said \"pigeon holers will find a space for (Wood) beside Joe Orton and Ken Dodd...But her voice is characteristically and aggressively female. Just like Talent... Good Funs rude words, hilarious gags and the insights which are more varied than either are all in the mouths of the women at its centre.\" Song List Act One: Liz's Song Community Arts I've Had It Up To Here Turned Out Nice Again Act Two: Make A Joke Handicrafts Frank and Gail Duet I'll Do Anything Bloody Clowns Good Fun References 1980 plays Plays by Victoria Wood", "title": "Good Fun" }, { "docid": "4906530", "text": "The 2002 World Snooker Championship (also referred to as the 2002 Embassy World Snooker Championship for the purposes of sponsorship) was a professional snooker tournament that took place from 20 April to 6 May 2002 at the Crucible Theatre in Sheffield, England. It was the final ranking event of the 2001–02 snooker season. This was the 26th consecutive year that the World Snooker Championship had been held at the Crucible, marking the 25th anniversary of the first staging of the event at this venue. The championship was sponsored by cigarette manufacturer Embassy. Peter Ebdon won his only world title by defeating seven-time winner Stephen Hendry 18–17 in the final. Ebdon defeated Matthew Stevens 17–16 in the semi-finals, and Hendry defeated the defending champion Ronnie O'Sullivan 17–13 to reach the final. This was Hendry's ninth and last appearance in a World Championship final. There were 65 century breaks during the tournament. The highest break of the tournament was by Stevens, who achieved 145 in his quarter-final match. Hendry made 16 centuries during the event, a record for any individual tournament, equalled by Mark Williams in 2022. A total prize fund of £1,615,770 was awarded at the event, the winner receiving £260,000 Overview The World Snooker Championship is the official world championship of the game of professional snooker, organised by World Snooker. Founded in the late 19th century by British Army soldiers stationed in India, the sport was popular in the British Isles. In the modern era it has become increasingly popular worldwide, especially in East and Southeast Asian nations such as China, Hong Kong and Thailand. The championship featured 32 professional players competing in one-on-one snooker matches in a single elimination format, each played over several . The 32 competitors in the main tournament were selected using a combination of the top players in the world snooker rankings and a pre-tournament qualification stage. Joe Davis won the first World Championship in 1927, the final match being held in Camkin's Hall, Birmingham, England. Since 1977, the event has been held in the Crucible Theatre in Sheffield, England. The championship was sponsored by cigarette manufacturer Embassy. Format The championship was held from 20 April and 6 May 2002 at the Crucible Theatre, the 26th consecutive year that the tournament was held at the venue. It was the ninth and last ranking event of the 2001–02 snooker season on the World Snooker Tour. There were 120 entrants from the tour, and the competition's main draw had 32 participants. Following a seven-round amateur qualifying tournament, a six-round knockout qualifying competition was held at the Manhattan Club, Harrogate, the Telford International Centre and the Newport Centre in Newport, Wales. This qualifying tournament produced the 16 qualifying players who progressed into the main draw to play the top 16 seeds. The top 16 players in the latest world rankings automatically qualified for the main draw as seeded players. As defending champion, Ronnie O'Sullivan was seeded first for the event with world number one Mark Williams seeded second;", "title": "2002 World Snooker Championship" }, { "docid": "402714", "text": "The Crucible Theatre, or simply The Crucible, is a theatre in Sheffield, South Yorkshire, England which opened in 1971. It hosts regular theatrical performances and the annual World Snooker Championship, which has been held at the venue since 1977. The theatre's name refers to crucible steel, which was developed in Sheffield in 1740 and drove the industrialisation of the city. In May 2022 plans were unveiled to build a new 3,000-seat venue nearby with a bridge connecting the two buildings. History The Crucible Theatre was built by M J Gleeson and opened in 1971. It replaced the Sheffield Repertory Theatre which was based in Townhead Street at the Sheffield Playhouse. In 1967 Colin George, the founding artistic director of the Crucible, recommended a thrust stage for Sheffield, inspired by theatres created by Sir Tyrone Guthrie. Tanya Moiseiwitsch, who had been involved in designing Guthrie's theatres, was recruited to design Gleeson's theatre as well. The architects Renton Howard Wood Levin Architects were employed and the building itself began to take shape in 1969. It was completed in two years, with the opening performance in November 1971. The opening night performances were Fanfare, an evening's entertainment showing children acting in an improvised scene, Anton Chekhov's Swansong with Ian McKellen and Edward Petherbridge, and a music hall finale with a Sheffield brass band. This demonstrated the versatility of the stage, which has since been adapted for dance and musical performances, as well as classical and modern theatre. The Crucible Theatre also hosts touring productions and the World Snooker Championship. The audience sits on three sides but no member is more than 22 yards (20 metres) from the performer. Consequently, although it seats 980 people the spectator has an intimate relationship with the activity on stage. Colin George and the administrator David Brayshaw persuaded the Gulbenkian Foundation to finance the building of a professional studio theatre – the 400 seat Tanya Moiseiwitsch Playhouse, which opened with the main house. In 2001, the Crucible was awarded the Barclays 'Theatre of the Year Award'. It is a Grade II listed building. The building went through a £15 million refurbishment between 2007 and late 2009 – opening during that period only for the 2008 and 2009 World Snooker Championships. The Crucible reopened as a theatre on 11 February 2010 with a production of Henrik Ibsen's An Enemy of the People, with the official reopening by Prince Edward on 18 February 2010. Future plans In May 2022 plans were unveiled for a new World Snooker Championship venue that would be attached to the existing Crucible Theatre building via a bridge. The new venue is to host up to 3,000 spectators. Snooker promoter Barry Hearn had confirmed talks were underway with Sheffield City Council in April 2022. Hearn added that the tournament could move elsewhere if the new project is not supported but, \"the Crucible name is synonymous with snooker globally... so the name has to remain.\" The new building has been designed by the architect James Burland, the", "title": "Crucible Theatre" }, { "docid": "63687362", "text": "Glorantha: Genertela, Crucible of the Hero Wars is a supplement created by Chaosium and published under license by Avalon Hill in 1988 for the fantasy role-playing game RuneQuest. Contents Glorantha: Genertela, Crucible of the Hero Wars is a campaign setting describing the continent of Genertela in the fantasy world of Glorantha. The components of the boxed set are: 40-page booklet \"Glorantha\", covers the history of Glorantha, 100-page booklet \"Genertela\", covers the continent of Genertela, broken down into regions, listing inhabitants, culture, form of government, common languages, armies, and religions. It also includes encounter tables for common, uncommon and rare events in each region. 36-page \"Player's Book\", recommends four good starting points and societies for players, a large two-color map of the continent. Publication history Chaosium first published RuneQuest in 1977. In 1984, seeking a wider distribution and marketing, Chaosium licensed Avalon Hill to create and produce the third edition of RuneQuest. However, Chaosium did not include the setting of Glorantha in the license unless the content was either created or approved by Chaosium staff. As a result, RuneQuest material created by Avalon Hill was usually set in the more generic Fantasy Earth setting. In keeping with this policy, Glorantha: Genertela, Crucible of the Hero Wars was created in 1988 by Chaosium staff (written by Greg Stafford, Sandy Petersen, and William Dunn, with a cover by Steve Purcell, and illustrations by Kevin Ramos), but was published under license by Avalon Hill as a boxed set. Reception In the January 1989 edition of Games International (Issue 2), John Scott was pleasantly surprised by the large amount of content in this boxed set, saying, \"I didn't expect much from this pack when I opened it, but I am a convert now!\" He concluded by giving it a perfect rating of 5 out of 5, commenting, \"This is RuneQuest as it was meant to be. Start saving now — you gotta get this pack!\" In the September 1990 edition of Dragon (Issue #161), Jim Bambra admired the sheer amount of content in this boxed set. He called the history book \"first class\", and noted how major events were often described from several different viewpoints, commenting that \"This divergency adds greatly to the mythic content of Glorantha, making it fascinating and very credible.\" Bambra also complimented the \"Genertela\" book, saying, \"The variety of cultures and societies covered is very impressive, reflecting the years of careful thought and development that as gone into creating Glorantha.\" However, although Bambra thought this boxed set \"is a very impressive product\", he felt that \"to be used effectively, the Gods of Glorantha supplement is needed; without it, the deities of Glorantha remain little more than a collection of names, but with it Glorantha comes to life.\" Bambra concluded with a strong recommendation, saying, \"Whether you play the RuneQuest game or another system, Glorantha is a world to study and marvel at for its complexity and detail. Players of the RuneQuest game have cause for celebration and more than a little", "title": "Glorantha: Genertela, Crucible of the Hero Wars" } ]

[ "Ann Putnam", "Abigail Williams", "Rebecca Nurse", "Deputy Governor Thomas Danforth", "Elizabeth Proctor", "Reverend Samuel Parris", "John Proctor", "Giles Corey", "Tituba", "Mercy Lewis", "Reverend John Hale", "Betty Parris", "Mary Warren", "Susanna Walcott", "Ezekiel Cheever", "George Herrick / John Willard", "Thomas Putnam", "Judge John Hathorne" ]

[ { "docid": "27270", "text": "The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia is a country situated in West Asia, the largest country on the Arabian Peninsula, bordering the Persian Gulf and the Red Sea. Its extensive coastlines provide great leverage on shipping (especially crude oil) through the Persian Gulf and the Suez Canal. The kingdom occupies 80% of the Arabian Peninsula. Most of the country's boundaries with the United Arab Emirates (UAE), Oman, and the Republic of Yemen are undefined, so the exact size of the country remains unknown. The Saudi government estimate is at 2,217,949 square kilometres, while other reputable estimates vary between 2,149,690 and 2,240,000 sq. kilometres. Less than 7% of the total area is suitable for cultivation, and in the early 1960s, population distribution varied greatly among the towns of the eastern and western coastal areas, the densely populated interior oases, and the vast, almost empty deserts. Boundaries Saudi Arabia is bounded by seven countries and three bodies of water. To the west, the Gulf of Aqaba and the Red Sea form a coastal border of almost that extends to the southern part of Yemen and follows a mountain ridge for approximately to the vicinity of Najran. This section of the border with Yemen was demarcated in 1934 and is one of the few clearly defined borders with a neighbouring country. The Saudi border running southeast from Najran, however, is undetermined. The undemarcated border became an issue in the early 1990s, when oil was discovered in the area and Saudi Arabia objected to the commercial exploration by foreign companies on behalf of Yemen. In the summer of 1992, representatives of Saudi Arabia and Yemen met in Geneva to discuss settlement of the border issue. To the north, Saudi Arabia is bounded by Jordan, Iraq, and Kuwait. The northern boundary extends almost from the Gulf of Aqaba on the west to Ras al Khafji on the Persian Gulf. In 1965, Saudi Arabia and Jordan agreed to boundary demarcations involving an exchange of areas of territory. Jordan gained of land on the Gulf of Aqaba and 6,000 square kilometers of territory in the interior, and 7,000 square kilometers of Jordanian-administered, landlocked territory was ceded to Saudi Arabia. In 1922, Ibn Saud and British officials representing Iraqi interests signed the Treaty of Mohammara which established the boundary between Iraq and the future Saudi Arabia. Later that year, the Uqair Protocol signed by the two parties agreed to the creation of a diamond-shaped Saudi Arabian–Iraqi neutral zone of approximately 7,000 square kilometers, adjacent to the western tip of Kuwait, within which neither Iraq nor Saudi Arabia would build permanent dwellings or installations. The agreement was designed to safeguard water rights in the zone for Bedouin of both countries. In May 1938, Iraq and Saudi Arabia signed an additional agreement regarding the administration of the zone. Forty-three years later, Saudi Arabia and Iraq signed an agreement that defined the border between the two countries and provided for the division of the neutral zone between them. The agreement effectively dissolved", "title": "Geography of Saudi Arabia" }, { "docid": "4691473", "text": "The Iraq–Saudi Arabia border is 811 km (504 mi) in length and runs from the tripoint with Jordan in the west to the tripoint with Kuwait in the east. Description The border starts on the west at the tripoint with Jordan, and consists of six straight lines broadly orientated to the south-east, eventually reaching the tripoint with Kuwait on the Wadi al-Batin. History Historically there was no clearly defined boundary in this part of the Arabian peninsula; at the start of the 20th century the Ottoman Empire controlled what is now Iraq, with areas further south consisting of loosely organised Arab groupings, occasionally forming emirates, most prominent of which was the Emirate of Nejd and Hasa ruled by the al-Saud family. During the First World War an Arab Revolt, supported by Britain, succeeded in removing the Ottomans from most of the Middle East. As a result of the secret 1916 Anglo-French Sykes-Picot Agreement Britain gained control of the Ottoman Vilayets of Mosul, Baghdad and Basra, which it organised into the mandate of Iraq in 1920. In the meantime Ibn Saud had managed to expand his domains considerably, eventually proclaiming the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia in 1932. In December 1922 Percy Cox, British High Commissioner in Iraq, met with ibn Saud and signed the Uqair Protocol, which finalised Saudi Arabia's borders with both Kuwait and Iraq. The border thus created differed slightly from the modern frontier, with a Saudi 'kink' in the middle-south section. It also created a Saudi–Iraqi neutral zone, immediately west of Kuwait. This border was confirmed by the Bahra Agreement in November 1925. The Saudi-Iraq neutral zone was split in 1975 and a final border treaty signed in 1981, which also appears to have 'ironed out' the Saudi kink. The details of this treaty were not revealed until 1991 when Saudi Arabia deposited the agreements at the United Nations following the Gulf War. The Gulf War seriously strained relations between the two countries; Iraq fired scud missiles into Saudi territory and also breached the Kuwait–Saudi Arabia border. Barrier In April 2006, while Iraq was experiencing a high level of sectarian violence, Saudi Arabia began to call for tenders to construct a border barrier in the form of a fence along the border in an attempt to prevent the violence in Iraq spilling over into its territory. The proposed fence would run for approximately along Saudi Arabia's isolated northern desert border with Iraq. It was part of a larger package of fence-building to secure all of the Saudi Arabia's 6,500 km (4,039 mi) of border. It would supplement the existing 7-meter-high sand berm that runs along the border, in front of which there is an 8-km stretch of no-mans-land which is regularly swept smooth so that trespassers can be tracked. The proposals were not implemented until September 2014, when the Iraqi Civil War had escalated following the rise of the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant. ISIL's occupation of much of western Iraq had given it a substantial", "title": "Iraq–Saudi Arabia border" }, { "docid": "63581505", "text": "The Iraq–Jordan border is 179 km (111 mi) in length and runs from the tripoint with Syria in the north to the tripoint with Saudi Arabia in the south. Description The border starts in the north at the Syrian tripoint and proceeds southwards via a series of six straight lines, down to the tripoint with Saudi Arabia. Iraq's Ruwayshid Air Base lies immediately adjacent to the border. History At the start of the 20th century the Ottoman Empire controlled what is now Jordan and Iraq, with the interior further south consisting of loosely organised Arab groupings, occasionally forming emirates, most prominent of which was the Emirate of Nejd and Hasa ruled by the al-Saud family. During the First World War an Arab Revolt, supported by Britain, succeeded in removing the Ottomans from most of the Middle East. As a result of the secret 1916 Anglo-French Sykes-Picot Agreement Britain gained control of the Ottoman Vilayets of Mosul, Baghdad and Basra, which it organised into the mandate of Iraq in 1920, and also the southern half of the Vilayet of Syria (roughly, modern western Jordan). This latter area was contested between Britain, the newly formed Arab Kingdom of Syria, Zionists in the Mandatory Palestine, and Ibn Saud's new kingdom Saudi Arabia, resulting in a confused period in which the region was essentially an ungoverned space. Eventually in 1921 Britain declared a mandate over the region, creating the Emirate of Transjordan, under the semi-autonomous rule of King Abdullah I. No precise boundary between the Iraq and Transjordan mandates was drawn at that time. The location of the Eastern border between Transjordan and Iraq was considered strategic with respect to the proposed construction of what became the Kirkuk–Haifa oil pipeline. It was first set out on 2 December 1922, in a treaty to which Transjordan was not party to – the Uqair Protocol between Iraq and Nejd. It described the western end of the Iraq-Nejd boundary as \"the Jebel Anazan situated in the neighbourhood of the intersection of latitude 32 degrees north longitude 39 degrees east where the Iraq-Najd boundary terminated\", thereby implicitly confirming this as the point at which the Iraq-Nejd boundary became the Transjordan-Nejd boundary. This followed a proposal from T.E.Lawrence in January 1922 that Transjordan be extended to include Wadi Sirhan as far south as al-Jauf, in order to protect Britain's route to India and contain Ibn Saud. Iraq and Jordan's northern frontier with the French Mandate of Syria was fixed during the period 1920-23 by the Paulet–Newcombe Agreement. Eventually an Iraq–Jordan border consisting of a single straight line was agreed upon by an exchange of notes between British and King Abdullah in July–August 1932. The 1932 border was revised in 1984, creating the modern frontier which consists of six straight lines. Border Crossings Karameh Border Crossing See also Iraq-Jordan relations References Sources Borders of Iraq Borders of Jordan International borders", "title": "Iraq–Jordan border" }, { "docid": "22726599", "text": "A list of extreme points and elevation in Jordan. Elevation Lowest point: Dead Sea: -408 m. (Also, lowest point on Earth.) Highest point: Jabal Umm ad Dami: . Extreme points Northernmost point: tripoint with Syria and Iraq, Mafraq Governorate: Southernmost point: intersection of Amman-Tabuk railway with Jordan/Saudi Arabian border, Ma'an Governorate: Easternmost point: border with Iraq and Saudi Arabia, Mafraq Governorate: Westernmost point: border with Saudi Arabia close to the Durra crossing on the Gulf of Aqaba, Aqaba Governorate: See also Extreme points of Earth List of countries by northernmost point List of countries by southernmost point List of countries by easternmost point List of countries by westernmost point References Geography of Jordan Jordan", "title": "List of extreme points of Jordan" }, { "docid": "60270301", "text": "The Islamic Republic of Iran and Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan share a long but complicated relationship which has, at times, been tense and unstable. Jordan has an embassy in Tehran. Historical relations Antiquity While there had been historical contacts between the two nations, for most of Jordanian history, the country fell under various Persian rule which started from the Achaemenid Empire to the Sasanian Empire. Because of this, a lot of Persian cultural heritages and influences can be found in Jordan. Both countries later embraced Islam, though Jordan went to become a Sunni country in contrast to the Shi'a-dominated Iran. Pahlavi Iran Iranian–Jordanian relations under the Pahlavi dynasty in Iran was cordial, being pro-West oriented and hostile against communism. In the 1950s, King Hussein of Jordan inaugurated a Jordanian embassy in Tehran, officially establishing relations with Iran. However, sometimes the relationship was tense, as Iran under Pahlavi dynasty had official relations with Israel, which Jordan did not. Nonetheless, they were able to have a secure and healthy relationship. Hussein also made a number of visits to Iran under Pahlavi. Islamic Republic of Iran The outbreak of Iranian Revolution and subsequent establishment of an Islamic regime in Iran changed their relationship drastically from positive to negative. Jordan, along with most of the Arabian states of the Persian gulf, immediately backed Saddam Hussein on the Iran–Iraq War of 1980s. Due to Jordan's support for Iraq, even during the Gulf War, it took a decade before Iran and Jordan could re-normalize their relations. On 2 and 3 September 2003, King Abdullah II of Jordan visited Tehran, making him the first Jordanian king to visit Tehran since the launching of the Islamic revolution in Iran in 1979. Nonetheless, the relation between the two countries remain tense, with Iran seeing Jordan's alliance with the West as a threat, and there being little economic cooperation between the two countries. In 2018, Jordan ruled out economic ties, reasoning that Iran is not a member of the World Trade Organization. Syrian Civil War Jordan's relations with Iran became even more complicated as Jordan unofficially came out against the government of Bashar al-Assad in Syria (an ally of Iran), considering Iranian long-term presence in Syria as a threat to its security. Jordan was also alleged to have been working with Saudi Arabia, Russia, and Israel in an attempt to curb Iranian involvement in Syria. On July 19, 2021, US president Joe Biden met with Jordanian King Abdullah II and discussed, among other things, the future of the Syrian crisis. In that meeting, King Abdullah suggested Biden cooperate with Russia and the Syrian Government to help stabilize Syria and restore Syrian sovereignty and unity. Iraq During the rule of Saddam Hussein, Jordan maintained a \"special status\" with Iraq as it relied on Iraqi oil. Iraq also relied on Jordan during this time for use of its ports, as the UN had placed sanctions on Iraq for the invasion of Kuwait. This support of Baathist Iraq resulted in a complete severance", "title": "Iran–Jordan relations" }, { "docid": "16278877", "text": "The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to Jordan: Jordan – country located in Southwest Asia, bordering Syria to the north, Iraq to the north-east, Israel and the Palestinian territories to the west, and Saudi Arabia to the east and south. It shares the coastlines of the Dead Sea with Israel and the Gulf of Aqaba with Israel, Saudi Arabia and Egypt. Jordan is a constitutional monarchy with representative government. The reigning monarch is the head of state, the chief executive and the commander-in-chief of the armed forces. The king exercises his executive authority through the prime ministers and the Council of Ministers, or cabinet. The cabinet, meanwhile, is responsible before the elected House of Deputies which, along with the House of Notables (Senate), constitutes the legislative branch of the government. The judicial branch is an independent branch of the government. Increasing Urbanization Jordan's population became significantly urbanized during the sixties, reaching a rate of urbanization of over 80% in 2011. This is due to Rural to urban migration, the arrival of refugees from Palestine and Syria, and displaced persons who mostly settled in camps and services of UNRWA. General reference Pronunciation:AL URDON Common English country name: Jordan Official English country name: The Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan. Common endonym(s): Official endonym(s): Adjectival(s): Jordanian Demonym(s): Etymology: Name of Jordan International rankings of Jordan ISO country codes: JO, JOR, 400 ISO region codes: See ISO 3166-2:JO Internet country code top-level domain: .jo Geography of Jordan Geography of Jordan Jordan is: an Arab country Location: Northern Hemisphere and Eastern Hemisphere Eurasia Asia Southwest Asia Middle East The Levant Time zone: UTC+02, summer UTC+03 Extreme points of Jordan High: Jabal Umm ad Dami Low: Dead Sea – lowest point on the surface of the Earth Land boundaries: 1,635 km 744 km 375 km 238 km 181 km 97 km Coastline: Gulf of Aqaba 26 km Population of Jordan: 5,924,000 - 104th most populous country Area of Jordan: 89,342 km2 Atlas of Jordan Environment of Jordan Climate of Jordan Renewable energy in Jordan Geology of Jordan Protected areas of Jordan Biosphere reserves in Jordan National parks of Jordan Wildlife of Jordan Fauna of Jordan Birds of Jordan Mammals of Jordan Nature reserves Jordan Radioactive Storage Facility Foreign assistance and environmentalism in Jordan Natural geographic features of Jordan Glaciers of Jordan Islands of Jordan Lakes of Jordan Mountains of Jordan Volcanoes in Jordan Rivers of Jordan Waterfalls of Jordan Valleys of Jordan World Heritage Sites in Jordan Regions of Jordan Regions of Jordan Ecoregions of Jordan List of ecoregions in Jordan Ecoregions in Jordan Administrative divisions of Jordan Administrative divisions of Jordan Governorates of Jordan Governorates of Jordan Nahias of Jordan Nahias of Jordan Municipalities of Jordan Municipalities of Jordan Capital of Jordan: Amman Cities of Jordan Demography of Jordan Demographics of Jordan Government and politics of Jordan Government of Jordan Form of government: parliamentary representative democratic constitutional monarchy Capital of Jordan: Amman Elections in Jordan Political parties in Jordan Branches", "title": "Outline of Jordan" }, { "docid": "16278848", "text": "The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to Iraq: Iraq – sovereign country located in Western Asia. Iraq spans most of the northwestern end of the Zagros mountain range, the eastern part of the Syrian Desert and the northern part of the Arabian Desert. It shares borders with Kuwait and Saudi Arabia to the south, Jordan to the west, Syria to the northwest, Turkey to the north, and Iran to the east. It has a very narrow section of coastline at Umm Qasr on the Persian Gulf. There are two major flowing rivers: the Tigris and the Euphrates. These provide Iraq with agriculturally capable land and contrast with the desert landscape that covers most of Western Asia. General reference Pronunciation: ɪˈrɑːk Common English country name: Iraq Official English country name: The Republic of Iraq Common endonym(s): Iraq (العراق) Official endonym(s): Iraq Adjectival(s): Iraqi Demonym(s): Iraqi Etymology: Name of Iraq 58th largest country 36th most populous country ISO country codes: IQ, IRQ, 368 ISO region codes: See ISO 3166-2:IQ Internet country code top-level domain: .iq Geography of Iraq Geography of Iraq Iraq is a: Country Location: Northern Hemisphere and Eastern Hemisphere Eurasia Asia Western Asia Fertile Crescent Mesopotamia Time zone: UTC+03 Extreme points of Iraq High: Cheekha Dar Low: Arabian Gulf 0 m Land boundaries: 3,650 km 1,458 km 814 km 605 km 352 km 240 km 181 km Coastline: Arabian Gulf 58 km Population of Iraq: 38,274,618 people (July 2017 estimate) – 36th most populous country Area of Iraq: – 58th largest country Atlas of Iraq Environment of Iraq Environment of Iraq Climate of Iraq Environmental issues in Iraq Renewable energy in Iraq Geology of Iraq Protected areas of Iraq Biosphere reserves in Iraq: None National parks of Iraq Wildlife of Iraq Fauna of Iraq Birds of Iraq Mammals of Iraq Natural geographic features of Iraq Glaciers of Iraq: None Islands of Iraq Lakes of Iraq Mountains of Iraq Volcanoes in Iraq Rivers of Iraq Waterfalls of Iraq Valleys of Iraq World Heritage Sites in Iraq Regions of Iraq Regions of Iraq Ecoregions of Iraq Ecoregions of Iraq Administrative divisions of Iraq Administrative divisions of Iraq Regions of Iraq Governorates of Iraq Districts of Iraq Municipalities of Iraq Governorates of Iraq Governorates of Iraq Baghdad Governorate – Arab, Turkman, Assyrian, Kurdish Saladin Governorate – Arab, Turkman, Kurdish Diyala Governorate – Arab, Turkman, Kurdish Wasit Governorate – Arab, Turkman Maysan Governorate – Arab Basra Governorate – Arab Dhi Qar Governorate – Arab Muthanna Governorate – Arab Al Qadisyah Governorate – Arab Babil Governorate – Arab, Turkman Karbala Governorate – Arab Najaf Governorate – Arab Al Anbar Governorate – Arab Nineveh Governorate – Arab, Turkman, Assyrian, Kurdish Dahuk Governorate – Assyrian, Kurdish, Arab Erbil Governorate – Turkman, Kurdish, Assyrian, Arab Kirkuk Governorate – Turkman, Kurdish, Arab, Assyrian As Sulaymaniyah – Kurdish, Assyrian The constitutionally recognized Kurdistan Autonomous Region includes parts of a number of northern provinces, and is largely self-governing in internal affairs. Districts of Iraq Districts", "title": "Outline of Iraq" }, { "docid": "2571953", "text": "Mafraq ( Muhāfaẓat al-Mafraq, local dialects Mafrag or Mafra' ) is one of the governorates of Jordan, located to the north-east of Amman, capital of Jordan. It has a population of 637,000 (2021 estimate) making up 5.8% of Jordan's population. Its capital is Mafraq, which is known for its military bases. History Many Roman and Byzantine sites have been found throughout the governorate, most notably churches dating to the third century AD; believed to be two of the oldest purpose built churches in Christianity: and Roman water dams in Jawa, Ruwaished, and the city of Mafraq. The Jawa Dam is the oldest known dam in the world, dating back to 3000 B.C. Mafraq city also contains a Roman fort. During the British mandate period, Mafraq housed military facilities which are still in use today. The fifth division of the Jordanian Army is stationed in Mafraq. Geography The province is located in the eastern part of the kingdom of Jordan. It is the only governorate in Jordan that has borders with three countries: Iraq to the east, Syria to the north, and Saudi Arabia to the south. It is bordered by Irbid and Jerash governorates to the west, and by Zarqa governorate to the south. Mafraq governorate covers the second largest area in the kingdom, but yet the second smallest population density (after Ma'an). The climate is dry most of the year. The western region of the province is part of the fertile Houran plateaus, that extend through southern Syria, the Golan heights and northern Jordan. The eastern region is part of the barren Syrian Desert. At the eastern edge of the region is the 940m high (or 'Unayzah), at the border tripoint between Jordan, Iraq and Saudi Arabia. The Governorate is connected to Iraq through the Karameh Border Crossing, and to Syria through the Jabir Border Crossing. Demographics The population of Mafraq Governorate according to the census of 2004 was 244,188 of whom 30% is considered urban and 70% is rural. Jordanian citizens made up about 94% of the population. The Jordanian Department of Statistics population estimate for the year 2010 is 287,300 with a female to male ratio of 48.17 to 51.83 and a population density of 10.8 persons per km2. In 2011 and 2012, the civil war in Syria resulted in the immigration of more than 180,000 Syrian refugees to Jordan, mostly settled in Mafraq and Irbid Governorates. In July 2012, the Zaatari refugee camp was opened in Mafraq Governorate for Syrian refugees. The World Bank 2018 estimate records the population now at 593,900 people. The population of districts according to census results: Administrative divisions Mafraq Governorate is divided into four districts (liwa) and fourteen sub-districts (qda): Economy Agriculture forms a central element of the economy for Mafraq Governorate, especially in the Houran Plateau in the western part of the province. The total area of fruit farms in the province in 2008 was 48.676 km2, with a total production of 101874 tons of fruits mainly apples and peaches,", "title": "Mafraq Governorate" }, { "docid": "76189396", "text": "The Syrian Captagon industry is responsible for about 80% of the global production of the Captagon drug. Syria exports the drug to various countries, mainly in the Middle East region, including Jordan, Iraq, Saudi Arabia, Gulf states, and Egypt, as well as to organizations such as Hamas and ISIS. The drug export is one of the main sources of income for the government of Bashar al-Assad, helping it to rebuild the country from the economic crisis that hit it following the civil war that took place in the country. Background The overwhelming majority of Captagon pills are produced in Syria, and a small portion in Lebanon by Hezbollah, which also assists in smuggling the drug. According to estimates, the drug trade amounts to billions of dollars, enabling Assad to cope with the economic crisis that has affected the country since the civil war broke out in 2011. Export of the drug to Middle Eastern countries Based on 2023 estimates, about 80% of Captagon is produced in Syria and exported from the port of Latakia with the assistance of the Syrian government under the command of Maher al-Assad. Estimates suggest that the Captagon trade market ranges from $5.7 billion to $57 billion. Over the years, hundreds of millions of Captagon pills have been smuggled into Jordan, Iraq, Saudi Arabia, and Gulf countries. One of the main smuggling routes is through the Anbar province, which borders Syria, Jordan, and Saudi Arabia. In 2021, more than 250 million Captagon pills were seized worldwide, 18 times more than the number of pills seized in 2017. Additionally, according to Al Jazeera, in 2022, Jordan seized 65 million Captagon pills in Syria en route to its territory. In 2015, the Secretary of Saudi Arabia's National Committee for Drug Control reported that the majority of Captagon consumers are aged 12 to 22. In May 2023, a summit was held in Jeddah where the Arab League countries reached an agreement on normalization with Syria and lifting the embargo on it following the civil war in Syria, in exchange for suppressing Captagon smuggling from it to other countries in the region, which leads to increased drug consumption among young people, in turn leading to severe damage. Jordan's response to the drug smuggling Following normalization, Syria allowed Jordan to attack drug smugglers within its territory several times, who were smuggling drugs to Jordan. The attacks focused mainly on the As-Suwayda district in southwestern Syria. In some cases, civilians were also killed in the attacks, which raised local criticism of the government for not doing enough to stop the smuggling phenomenon and forcing Jordan to take military action there. Use of the drug by ISIS terrorists and Hamas militants Islamic State (ISIS) terrorists used the drug during the attacks in Paris in 2015. Additionally, during the attack on Israel on 7 October, large quantities of Captagon were found on the bodies of Hamas militants who were killed during the battles. See also Drug economy in Lebanon References Drugs in Syria", "title": "Syrian Captagon industry" }, { "docid": "16686", "text": "Kuwait is a country in West Asia, bordering the Persian Gulf, between Iraq and Saudi Arabia. Kuwait is located at the far northwestern corner of the Persian Gulf. Kuwait is 17,820 square kilometres in size. At its most distant points, it is about north to south, and east to west. Kuwait has 10 islands. Kuwait's area consists mostly of desert. Boundaries and geographic features As previously mentioned, Kuwait borders the Persian Gulf with of coast. Within its territory are ten islands, two of which, Bubiyan (the largest) and Warbah, are strategically important. Kuwait's most prominent geographic feature is Kuwait Bay (Jun al Kuwayt), which indents the shoreline for about forty kilometers, providing natural protection for the port of Kuwait, and accounts for nearly one third of the country's shoreline. To the north and northwest, there is the historically contested border between Kuwait and Iraq. Although the Iraqi government, which had first asserted a claim to rule Kuwait in 1938, recognized the borders with Kuwait in 1963 (based on agreements made earlier in the century), it continued to press Kuwait for control over Bubiyan and Warbah islands through the 1960s and 1970s. To the south and southwest, Kuwait shares a 250-km border with Saudi Arabia. The boundary between Kuwait and Saudi Arabia was set by the Treaty of Al Uqayr in 1922, which also established the Saudi–Kuwaiti neutral zone of 5,700 square kilometers between the two nations. In 1966, Kuwait and Saudi Arabia agreed to divide the neutral zone; the partitioning agreement making each country responsible for administration in its portion was signed in December 1969. The resources in the area, now known as the Divided Zone, are not affected by the agreement. The oil from onshore and offshore fields continues to be shared equally between the two countries. In August 1990, Iraq invaded Kuwait and, shortly thereafter, formally incorporated the entire country into Iraq. Under United Nations (UN) Security Council Resolution 687, after the restoration of Kuwaiti sovereignty in 1991, a UN commission undertook formal demarcation of the borders on the basis of those agreed to in 1963. The boundary was demarcated in 1992. Iraq initially refused to accept the commission's findings but ultimately accepted them in November 1994. Climate Kuwait has an arid climate. Rainfall in the nation varies from a year. Actual rainfall has ranged from a year to as much as . In summer, average daily high temperatures range from ; the highest ever temperature recorded in Kuwait was at Mitribah on 21 July 2016 which is the highest recorded temperature in Asia and also the third highest in the world. The summers are relentlessly long, punctuated mainly by dramatic dust storms in June and July when northwesterly winds cover the cities in sand. In late summer, which is more humid, there are occasional sharp, brief thunderstorms. By November summer is over, and colder winter weather sets in, dropping temperatures to as low as at night; daytime temperatures are in the upper 20s °C (upper 70s to", "title": "Geography of Kuwait" }, { "docid": "17954951", "text": "The Desert Force (, ), also known as the Desert Patrol, was a paramilitary force of Transjordan. Its main task was to guard Jordanian borders with neighboring Iraq, Saudi Arabia and Syria as well as to provide protection for oil pipelines of the Iraq Petroleum Company (IPC). It also participated in campaigns of Syria and Iraq during World War II. History The Desert Patrol was formed as a semi-independent part of the Arab Legion in February 1931 by Glubb Pasha to secure Transjordan's desert region of the country, effectively everything east of the cultivated area that formed Trans-Jordan's western border with Palestine. The patrol replaced the Trans-Jordan Frontier Force in the desert. Initially it had 20 men in four trucks with Lewis and Vickers machine guns. Additional men were located in small forts throughout the region and relied on camels for mobility. Glubb recruited mainly Bedouins for the Patrol and helped establish strong links between the Bedouin and the monarchy that survive today. The remaining four-fifths of the Arab Legion at this time were police and gendarmerie serving in the cultivated area. Over the next five to ten years, Glubb successfully pacified the tribes. Between 1936 and 1939, forces were expanded in response to threats posed by the Arab Revolt in Palestine and civil disturbances in Syria. The Patrol now consisted of 350 Bedouins organised into two truck mounted companies. The Patrol formed the basis of the Mechanized regiment of the Arab Legion. External links About The Arab Legion The Arab Legion and the Defense of Jerusalem Encyclopædia Britannica 1956 - King of Jordan sacks British general (BBC article and video) Photos Glubb Pasha on the right with King Abdullah in the middle The Desert Patrol Modern history of Jordan Desert Forces", "title": "Desert Force" }, { "docid": "64554188", "text": "The Gulf War began on the 2 August 1990, when Iraq invaded Kuwait. The war was fought between the international coalition led by the United States of America against Iraq. Saddam Hussein's rationale behind the invasion is disputed and largely unknown. No Iraqi document has ever been discovered explicitly listing these. Saddam's calculus Economics The casus belli of the invasion was likely the dire economic situation Iraq was positioned with in 1990. In January 1979, the Iranian Shah monarchy was overthrown and replaced by the supreme leader, Ruhollah Khomeini. To prevent the spread of Iranian Islamic extremism and other hegemonic claims of the Shatt Al Arab waterway, Iraq invaded Iran on the 22 September 1980. The Iran-Iraq war was a devastating conflict that killed more than one million individuals. The war resulted in the Iraqi army becoming the fourth biggest in the world but also devastated its economy. Iraq owed $35 billion in short-time high interest loans and the cost of infrastructure damage amounted to over $230 billion. In February 1989, Iraq established the Arab Cooperation Council which attempted to garner economic support. In 1989, Iraq provided financial aid to Jordan by providing free shipping. In 1989, Saddam accused Kuwait of oil slant drilling under Rumaila oil field on the Iraqi border. In February 1990, Saddam Hussein believed that Iraq should be compensated for protecting the Middle East from the spread of radicalism. He suggested that Kuwait, Saudi Arabia, and the United Arab Emirates (UAE) should write off Iraq's wartime loans. Kuwait and UAE did write off some of their loans. Saddam also hinted at his idea to invade Kuwait by saying, \"Let the Gulf regimes know...that if they will not give this money to me, I will know how to get it.\" On the 18th July 1990, Saddam accused Kuwait and the UAE of exceeding Oil and Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) quotas and requested that they lower their production. Iraqi Foreign Minister Tariq Aziz said, \"every $1 drop in the price of a barrel of oil caused a $1 billion drop in Iraq's annual revenues.\" It is estimated that Iraq lost $14 billion as a result of Kuwaiti overproduction. These factors resulted in Iraq's terrible economy. The invasion meant that Iraq owned 20% of OPEC. Iraq and Kuwait's border dispute The Kuwaiti entity dates back to 1716 but maps as early as 1652 have outlined Kuwait's existence. Kuwaiti sovereignty and independence predates Iraq by more than 200 years. On the 23 July 1923, the treaty of Lausanne established the new borders after the collapse of the Ottoman Empire. This resulted in British exerting control of the Mandate of Mesopotamia and Palestine. The borders were arbitrary and served the interests of the British Empire and France. On the 3 October 1932, Iraq was given Independence and on the 14 July 1958, the Iraqi monarchy was replaced with a republic. In 1963, Iraq recognized Kuwait's borders and independence. Later, Saddam Hussein claimed that this was invalid as it was not ratified.", "title": "Rationale for the Gulf War" }, { "docid": "1993190", "text": "Iraq is a country in Western Asia, bordered by Turkey to the north, Iran to the east, Kuwait to the southeast, Saudi Arabia to the south, Jordan to the southwest, and Syria to the west. Iraq's economy is dominated by the oil sector, which as 2021, provides about 92% of foreign exchange earnings. The lack of development in other sectors has resulted in 13% unemployed as of 2017 per capita GDP of $7,000. Public sector employment accounted for nearly 60% of full-time employment in 2011. The oil export industry, which dominates the Iraqi economy, generates very little employment. Currently only a modest percentage of women (the highest estimate for 2011 was 22%) participate in the labour force. Notable firms This list includes notable companies with primary headquarters located in the country. The industry and sector follow the Industry Classification Benchmark taxonomy. Organizations which have ceased operations are included and noted as defunct. See also Economy of Iraq List of airlines of Iraq List of banks in Iraq References Companies of Iraq Iraq", "title": "List of companies of Iraq" }, { "docid": "8611907", "text": "Refugees of Iraq are Iraqi nationals who have fled Iraq due to war or persecution. In 1980- 2017, large number of refugees fled Iraq, peaking with the Iraq War and continuing until the end of the War in Iraq (2013–2017). Precipitated by a series of conflicts including the Kurdish rebellions during the Iran–Iraq War (1980 to 1988), Iraq's Invasion of Kuwait (1990) and the Gulf War (1991), the subsequent sanctions against Iraq (1991–2003), culminating in the Iraq War and the subsequent War in Iraq (2013–2017), millions were forced by insecurity to flee their homes in Iraq. Iraqi refugees established themselves in urban areas in other countries rather than refugee camps. In April 2007, there were approximately four million Iraqi refugees around the world, including 1.9 million in Iraq, 2 million in neighboring Middle East countries, and around 200,000 in countries outside the Middle East. The United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) has led the humanitarian efforts for Iraqi refugees. The Iraqi displacement of several million was the largest in the Middle East, exceeding the number of Palestinians displaced during the creation of the state of Israel in 1948. As of 2024, Iraq is experiencing relative stability, but still faces significant humanitarian, development needs, and security challenges. The country has approximately 1.14 million Internally Displaced Persons(IDP) and has seen around 5 million IDP returnees. In 2024, the UNHCR enhanced the transitioning from emergency response to a longer-term development approach, emphasizing durable solutions and strengthening national systems to provide services such as child protection and gender-related violence response. Reasons of refugee Iraqi–Kurdish conflict Persian Gulf War On August 2, 1990, Iraq invaded Kuwait. The ensuing 1991 Gulf War produced nearly three million refugees, many of them from Iraq. Almost all them left Iraq and Kuwait before the war started or after Desert Storm was over. The largest groups were the Kurds and Shi'as fleeing Saddam Hussein after a failed uprising, as well as the Palestinians. Palestinians were the second largest group uprooted by the war, and 300,000 resettled in Jordan. There were a smaller number of Iraqi Arab refugees, only about 37,000, mostly shia who moved to Saudi Arabia. About 100,000 Iraqis escaped to Jordan and Syria. Shia comprise 55% of the Iraqi population, but are excluded from the government by the Sunni Arabs. There was a Shia uprising in March 1991. Saddam Hussein regained control of the Shia dominated South in mid-March, and his cousin, Ali Hasan Majid, conducted public executions, bombarded city centers, and destroyed homes and mosques. 200,000 people died in the South between March and September 1991 from the violence. In 2003, there were 530,000 Iraqi refugees in Iran, mostly Shi’ite Arabs. 1.85 million Kurds fled to the borders of Turkey and Iran. Unlike the Shi'ites, the Kurds had a recognized political leadership—the Patriotic Union of Kurdistan (PUK) and the Kurdistan Democratic Party (KDP) that took control of northern Iraq. As a result of this formal political leadership, the revolution in the Kurdish north was much less", "title": "Refugees of Iraq" }, { "docid": "46244415", "text": "The Jordan–Syria border is 362 km (225 m) in length and runs from the tripoint with Israel in the west to the tripoint with Iraq in the east. Description The border starts in the west at the tripoint with Israel, though the precise location of the tripoint is at present unclear owing to the Israeli occupation of the Golan Heights, which are claimed by Syria. The de jure tripoint lies immediately east of the Israeli town of Sha'ar HaGolan, whereas the de facto tripoint lies at the border's junction with the United Nations UNDOF Zone south-east of Metzar. The Jordan-Golan Heights border runs along the Yarmouk River, and this river then continues as the westernmost section of the Jordan–Syria border proper. The border leaves the river just east of Et Turra, and a series of irregular and short straight lines then proceeds to the south-east, passing between Ar Ramtha and Daraa across the Daraa Border Crossing and on to the Nasib Border Crossing on the Amman–Damascus road. At it turns north-east, running in a straight line across the Syrian Desert, terminating at the Iraqi tripoint at . History At the start of the 20th century the Ottoman Empire controlled what is now Jordan and Syria. During the First World War an Arab Revolt, supported by Britain, succeeded in removing the Ottomans from most of the Middle East. As a result of the secret 1916 Anglo-French Sykes–Picot Agreement the Ottoman Vilayet of Syria was split in two, with France gaining the north and Britain the south. France's section was then organised into the Mandate for Syria and the Lebanon. Britain's section (roughly, modern western Jordan) was contested between Britain, the newly formed Arab Kingdom of Syria, Zionists in the new Mandate for Palestine, and further south Ibn Saud of the new kingdom of Saudi Arabia, resulting in a confused period in which the region was essentially an ungoverned space. Eventually in 1921 Britain declared a formal mandate over the region, creating the Emirate of Transjordan under the semi-autonomous rule of King Abdullah I. In the period of 1920–1923, France and Britain signed a series of agreements, collectively known as the Paulet–Newcombe Agreement, which created the modern Jordan-Syria and Iraq–Syria borders, as an amendment to what had been designated the A zone in the Sykes–Picot Agreement. A more detailed description of the Jordan–Syria border was agreed upon on 31 October 1931. In 1967 Israel occupied the Golan Heights following the Six-Day War, thereby bringing the westernmost section of the border under their control. There have been a number of incidents along the frontier since the start of the Syrian Civil War in 2011. Jordan’s last remaining territorial dispute was resolved in February 2005, when the interior ministers of Jordan and Syria signed an agreement ending more than 30 years of controversy over the exact demarcation of their mutual border through a land-swap arrangement in their border region. Settlements near the border Jordan Et Tura Ar-Ramtha Sama Ed Dafyana Syria Al-Shajara Sahm al", "title": "Jordan–Syria border" }, { "docid": "72805550", "text": "Operation Gallant Phoenix (OGP) is an intelligence fusion centre established in 2013 near Amman, Jordan. It comprises a large number of countries and includes a variety of agencies, including law enforcement, military and civilian personnel, about a total of 250 personnel monitoring. It enhances the ability of member nations' to understand and respond to current, evolving and future violent extremist threats - regardless of threat ideology. Gallant Phoenix allows allied nations not only to share intelligence on the foreign fighter threat, but also to get that information back to their law enforcement and homeland security agencies so they have visibility on the movement of foreign fighters in order to deal with this challenge. Led by a US Joint Special Operations Command center intelligence are collected on fighters who fought for the likes of the so-called \"Islamic State\" (IS) and other Islamist militia groups. Relevant information includes documents, data, DNA traces and fingerprints that have been retrieved from former IS strongholds. Alongside the Interpol-led projects ‘Vennlig’ and ‘Hamah’, which cover, amongst other things, the exchange of biometric data from Iraq and Afghanistan, the US military and US Secret Service are running Operation Gallant Phoenix in Syria and Iraq. According to Europol, at least 5,000 European citizens have traveled to Iraq and Syria since 2014. European strategy shifted as returning fighters have become a major source of concern for European governments. Various nations came up with guidelines contemplating prison for returning fighters to minimize the risk that they pose. But the only charge that could be brought against them was associating with a terrorist group. The new strategy proposes incorporating evidence obtained in conflict zones in order to charge these individuals with specific terrorist crimes committed abroad. Contributors Participation in this operation is through secret services, military forces, and police forces. The main contributors to the sharing effort are the Iraqi Army, Kurdish forces (Peshmerga and YPG), NATO allies and the members of the international military coalition against the Islamic State group. The force includes officers from Bahrein, Egypt, Jordan, Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates working alongside Australia, Belgium, Denmark, France, Germany, Israel, Italy, Netherlands, New Zealand, Portugal, Singapore, Spain, Sweden, the United Kingdom, the United States and others Europol also dispatched analysts to Gallant Phoenix since 16 August 2017. The operation started out with eight or so countries, and has since expanded to 19 nations (2017) who have committed to sharing this intelligence. As of 2018 twenty-one countries are reportedly part of the operation. As of 2021 some 30 countries have been sharing intelligence about jihadist terror organizations at a secret site with the aim of facilitating prosecutions, French newspaper Le Monde reports online. Australia being a participater in OGP had an Australian special forces soldier removed after multiple allegations of sexual harassment from other members in the program. Captured on CCTV, he allegedly \"shoved\" his mobile phone up another member's skirt. An Australian Defence Force (ADF) spokesperson confirmed the removal following allegations of misconduct. Another Special Forces soldier", "title": "Operation Gallant Phoenix" }, { "docid": "7591218", "text": "Jordan–Syria relations are bilateral relations between the sovereign states of Jordan and Syria. Relations between neighbours have ancient roots as both countries are historically parts of the Levant or Greater Syria. The two states were created after the First World War from former Ottoman dominions by way of a secret bilateral agreement between Britain and France. Proposals to unify Jordan and Syria History 1921 to 1946 Jordanian interest in Syria began in 1921, when the founder of the Emirate of Transjordan, Abdallah, sought to advance into Syria, from which his brother had been expelled by the French, and which he regarded as part of the promised Hashemite kingdom. Even as late as 1946, when both countries gained independence, King Abdallah did not abandon his plan to become king of Syria. Syria considered Abdallah's schemes for an expanded Hashimite kingdom as intervention in its domestic affairs and officially complained to the Arab League. 1960 to 1979 Jordanian-Syrian tensions were exacerbated in the late 1960s, following the rift between Jordan and the PLO, with Syria supporting the Palestinians against Jordan. In September 1970, during the full-blown military hostilities between Jordan and the PLO known as Black September, Syria sent an armored division into Jordan to reinforce the Palestinian forces under attack by Hussein's army. By July 1971, Syria had broken off diplomatic relations with Jordan over the issue. The October 1973 War against Israel resulted in a gradual improvement in relations, as Jordan contributed to the Syrian military effort; however, another break between Syria and Jordan occurred in 1977, following Jordan's tacit support for Egyptian President Sadat's peace initiative. During this period Syria charged Jordan with harboring members of the Muslim Brotherhood, who had escaped from Syria. The 1980s This charge led to new tension in December 1980, with military forces of both sides deployed along the border. As a counterweight to Syria, Jordan improved its relations with Iraq, and became one of its primary suppliers. In 1981 Jordan accused Syria of being behind the kidnapping of the Jordanian military attaché in Beirut and charged Rifaat al-Assad, President Assad's brother, with masterminding a plot to assassinate the Jordanian prime minister. By the mid-1980s, rapprochement efforts were again underway. 1990-2011 After the first Gulf War, relations between Jordan and Syria had improved. After the Israel-Jordan Peace Treaty, in which Jordan established diplomatic ties with Israel, becoming the only Arab country other than Egypt to do so, Jordan has been an important transit point for Syrian businessmen doing business in the Palestinian territories. Syrian Civil War In 2012, relations became somewhat strained due to the Syrian civil war; reports emerged of Jordanian forces clashing with Syrian forces along the border. Jordan unofficially came out against the government of Bashar al-Assad in Syria (an ally of Iran), considering Iranian long-term presence in Syria as a threat to its security. Jordan was also alleged to have been working with Saudi Arabia, Russia, and Israel in an attempt to curb Iranian involvement in Syria. On 28 July", "title": "Jordan–Syria relations" }, { "docid": "2150475", "text": "The Middle East and North Africa (MENA), also referred to as West Asia and North Africa (WANA) or South West Asia and North Africa (SWANA), is a geographic region. While still referring to most of the Middle East (or West Asia without East Thrace or the Sinai peninsula) and North Africa together, it is widely considered to be a more defined and apolitical alternative to the grouping of countries that is known as the Greater Middle East, which comprises the bulk of the Muslim world. As a regional identifier, the term \"MENA\" is often used in academia, military planning, disaster relief, media planning (as a broadcast region), and business writing. Moreover, it shares a number of cultural, economic, and environmental similarities across the countries that it spans; for example, some of the most extreme impacts of climate change will be felt in MENA. Some related terms have a wider definition than MENA, such as MENASA () or MENAP (). The term MENAT explicitly includes Turkey, which is usually excluded from some MENA definitions, even though Turkey is almost always considered part of the Middle East proper. Ultimately, MENA can be considered as a grouping scheme that brings together most of the Arab League and variously includes their neighbors, like Iran, Turkey, Israel, the Caucasian countries, Afghanistan and Pakistan, and a few others. Definitions The Middle East and North Africa has no standardized definition; different organizations define the region as consisting of different territories, or do not define it as a region at all. United Nations There is no MENA region amongst the United Nations Regional Groups, nor in the United Nations geoscheme used by the UNSD (though the latter does feature two subregions called 'Western Asia' and 'Northern Africa', see WANA). Some agencies and programmes of the United Nations do define the MENA region, but their definitions may contradict each other, and sometimes only apply to specific studies or reports. A 2003 World Bank study stated: \"In World Bank geographic classification, the following 21 countries or territories constitute the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region: six Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) members (Bahrain, Kuwait, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, and United Arab Emirates [UAE]), and 15 other countries or territories: Algeria, Djibouti, the Arab Republic of Egypt, Iraq, the Islamic Republic of Iran, Israel, Jordan, Lebanon, Libya, Malta, Morocco, the Republic of Yemen, the Syrian Arab Republic, Tunisia, and West Bank and Gaza.\" the World Bank website groups the same set of 21 countries/territories as MENA: \"Algeria; Bahrain; Djibouti; Egypt, Arab Rep.; Iran, Islamic Rep.; Iraq; Israel; Jordan; Kuwait; Lebanon; Libya; Malta; Morocco; Oman; Qatar; Saudi Arabia; Syrian Arab Republic; Tunisia; United Arab Emirates; West Bank and Gaza; Yemen, Rep..\". A 2010 UNHCR report stated: \"For the purposes of this study, the MENA region has been defined as the following 18 countries: Algeria, Bahrain, Egypt, Iraq, Jordan, Kuwait, Lebanon, Libya, Mauritania, Morocco, Oman, Occupied Palestinian Territories, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Syria, Tunisia, United Arab Emirates and Yemen.\" A 2015 FAO report stated:", "title": "Middle East and North Africa" }, { "docid": "56124300", "text": "Cannabis in Jordan is illegal. In 2018, Anwar Tarawneh, Director of the Anti-Narcotics Department (AND) reported that \"marijuana is the most consumed drug in Jordan\", with the AND seizing 1.5 tonnes of cannabis that year. As Jordan is a signatory to the 1961 United Nations Single Convention on Narcotic Drugs. Legality The 1988 Law on Drugs and Psychotropic Substances, which originally regulated the use of drugs in Jordan, issued harsh punishments on those caught with cannabis. In 2015, the law was amended, for the first time developing a legal difference between first-time users and repeat offenders. In 2016, a new law was passed. The Drugs and Psychotropic Substances Act of 2016 states mandates the death penalty for the crime of collaborating with international gangs dealing with narcotic and/or psychotropic substances. Jordan's drug laws make no distinction between CBD and cannabis, and the production, mail, use, sale, and distribution of both are illegal in Jordan. Additionally, Jordan's law makes no distinction between cannabis for recreational or medicinal use. Jordan is party to all international drug control conventions, including the Single Convention on Narcotic Drugs of 1961, as amended by the 1972 Protocol, to the UN Convention on Psychotropic Substances of 1971 and to the UN Convention against Illicit Traffic in Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances of 1988. Jordan is also a party to the Unified Arab Law and a member of the Interpol, and the Organization for Social Defence against Crime and the Pall Arab Bureau for Narcotic Affairs. Jordan has also committed to several bilateral agreements providing for counter-narcotics cooperation with Syria, Lebanon, Iraq, Saudi Arabia, Turkey, Egypt, Pakistan, Israel, Iran and Hungary. Enforcement The following 4 organizations work to prevent drug trafficking in Jordan: The AND (Anti-Narcotics Department) The Desert and Border Police (responsible for patrolling the extensive border and desert) The General Customs Department (responsible for general customs duties and patrol work) The Jordanian Armed Forces (who control part of Jordan's borders) History In the mid-20th century, Jordan (then Trans-Jordan) was noted as a smuggling route, carrying hashish from Turkey, Iran, Lebanon, and Syria into Egypt. In 1937 the total of all drugs seized in Jordan was just 6 kilograms of hashish. For most of the 20th century, drug laws in Jordan were strict. However, since King Abdullah II's rise to the throne, first-time cannabis users are now offered treatment instead of a prison sentence. Jordan is generally considered a transit country for cannabis and other recreational drugs. However, in recent years, the seizures of Cannabis tripled from (444 kg) to (1478 kg) respectively between 2013 and 2018, with a 233% increase. This has been regarded by authorities as an indication of increased national drug use. Synthetic cannabis, also known locally as \"Joker\", is manufactured locally and consists of a combination of 14 substances. It was made illegally in 2015, under new drug laws. References Jordan Drugs in Jordan", "title": "Cannabis in Jordan" }, { "docid": "12480654", "text": "The Prevention of Infiltration Law () is a 1954 Israeli law that deals with the offense of unauthorized entry by armed and unarmed foreigners into Israel. It authorizes the Minister of Defense to order the immediate deportation of any detained infiltrator before or after their conviction. One of the primary objectives of the law was to prevent the entry of Palestinian fedayeen into Israel's territory, as defined by the 1949 Armistice Agreements, and allows for their expulsion. After the 1948 Arab–Israeli War and the 1948 Palestinian expulsion and flight, many Palestinian Arabs who either fled or were expelled from their homes, whether they had altogether ventured beyond what became Israel (largely into the neighbouring Arab countries: Lebanon, Syria, Jordan, and Egypt) or were internally displaced, tried for many years since then to return to the places they had left. The law also originally designated Lebanon, Egypt, Syria, Saudi Arabia, Jordan, Iraq, and Yemen as \"enemy states\" of Israel. Egypt and Jordan were removed from the list after the signing of peace accords with these countries in 1979 and 1994, while Iran was added to the list after the Islamic Revolution in 1979. Israeli citizens may not visit countries designated as enemy states without a permit issued by the Israeli Interior Ministry. In January 2020, Israel's Minister of the Interior said Israeli citizens, both Muslims and Jews, can travel to Saudi Arabia for religious and business purposes. (These countries also generally ban entry of Israelis, though they have permitted entry in exceptional circumstances.) The law was amended in 2013, in the context of Illegal immigration into Israel from Africa, setting limitations on the time an infiltrator could be detained, increasing the number of anti-infiltration enforcement officers, and increase compensation to infiltrators who willingly returned to their own countries. Context Palestinian infiltration into Israel began with Palestinian refugees of the 1948 Arab–Israeli War, living in camps in Jordan, Lebanon, Egypt, and Syria. Most of the infiltration at this time was economic in nature, with Palestinians crossing the border seeking food or the recovery of property lost in the 1948 war. Between 1948 and 1955, Palestinian infiltration into Israel was firmly opposed by Arab governments. The problem of establishing and guarding the demarcation line separating the Gaza Strip from the Israeli-held Negev area, proved a vexing one: largely due to the presence of more than 200,000 Palestinian Arab refugees in the Gaza Strip. The terms of the Armistice Agreement restricted Egypt's use and deployment of regular armed forces in the Gaza Strip. In keeping with this restriction the Egyptian Government formed a Palestinian para-military police force, the Palestinian Border police, in December 1952. The Border police was under the command of 'Abd-al-Man'imi 'Abd-al-Ra'uf, a former Egyptian air brigade commander, member of the Muslim Brotherhood and member of the Revolutionary Council. 250 Palestinian volunteers started training in March 1953 with further volunteers coming forward for training in May and December 1953. Part of the Border police personnel were attached to the Military Governor's office", "title": "Prevention of Infiltration Law" }, { "docid": "18011000", "text": "Iraq–Saudi relations are the bilateral and diplomatic relations between the Republic of Iraq and the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Both sovereign states share the Iraq–Saudi Arabia border. Under Saddam Hussein, relations were manageable, especially after the Iran–Iraq War began in 1980. These manageable relations were soon quelled at the Gulf War, when Saddam's Iraq invaded Kuwait, leading to international sanctions on Iraq and a significant deterioration in Iraqi–Saudi relations. In 1990, the land borders between the two countries closed due to the Iraqi invasion of Kuwait. Saudi Arabia cut ties with Iraq following the invasion, and reestablished relations with Iraq in 2015 after 25 years of isolating the country. In 2014, after ISIL invaded Iraq, King Abdullah tried to revive relations between Iraq and Saudi Arabia by setting up an embassy there for the first time since the Gulf War. King Abdullah also attempted to increase Iraqi–Saudi relations by supporting the coalition in the fight against ISIS in Iraq. Nowadays relations have improved greatly and both countries have emphasized the close historical, religious, ethnic, tribal, linguistic, cultural and geographic ties as well as the promising potential for continuous future cooperation and the need of upholding the current cordial relations between the Saudi Arabian government and the Iraqi government. In 2019, Saudi Arabia opened its consulate in Baghdad. Moreover, 13 agreements were signed between the two countries. Saudi Arabia has also donated $500M to support exports of Iraq and $267M to support development projects. History Since the early 1790s, the Sharif of Mecca had sought to contain Saudi expansion; he corresponded with the Mamluks of Iraq and turned them hostile against the Saudis by portraying them as disbelievers. In 1797, Sulayman Pasha, the Mamluk governor of Iraq, promptly invaded Diriyah with around 15,000 troops in co-ordination with the Sharif of Mecca and laid a one-month siege to Al-Ahsa. However, re-inforcements led by Saud ibn 'Abd al-Azeez would force the coalition to retreat. After three days of skirmish, Sulayman Pasha and the Saudis came to a peace settlement which was to last for years. The peace would be broken in 1801, when a caravan of pilgrims protected by a Saudi convoy was plundered near Hail; upon orders from the government in Baghdad. This attack would completely break down the already deteriorating Saudi-Iraqi diplomatic relations, and the Emirate of Diriyah sent a large-scale expedition towards Iraq. In 1801-1802, the Saudis sacked Karbala, killing thousands of inhabitants. The assassination in November 1803 of Saudi Emir ‘Abd al-‘Aziz during prayers in Diriyah by an Iraqi was suspected of being orchestrated by the Mamluk governor of Baghdad, further contributing to the negative Saudi perception of Iraq. Iraq was able to repel additional Saudi attacks on Najaf and Hillah in 1803 and 1806, but there remained no challenge to their domination of the desert. At the creation of the Sykes–Picot Agreement, the Hashemites ruled the kingdoms of Hijaz, Transjordan and Iraq. Once Ibn Saud established dominance in central Arabian Najd, he then proceeded to dominate much of", "title": "Iraq–Saudi Arabia relations" }, { "docid": "1194310", "text": "The United Arab States (UAS, ) was a short-lived confederation of the United Arab Republic (Egypt and Syria) and the Mutawakkilite Kingdom of Yemen (North Yemen) from 1958 to 1961. The United Arab Republic was a sovereign state formed by the union of Egypt and Syria in 1958. The same year, the Kingdom of Yemen (North Yemen), which had already signed a defense pact with Egypt, joined with the new state on March 8, 1958, in a loose confederation called the United Arab States. One reason for this decision was that, for a long time, Yemen had felt threatened by its considerably larger and more powerful northern neighbour, Saudi Arabia (the two had fought a war in 1934, and still shared a partially undemarcated border), and thus saw the confederation as a source of security. However, unlike the member countries of the United Arab Republic, North Yemen remained an independent sovereign state. It maintained its UN membership and separate embassies throughout the whole period of confederation. Neither the union nor the confederation fulfilled their role as vehicles of pan-Arabism or Arab nationalism, as they were dissolved in 1961. See also United Arab Republic, a union of Egypt and Syria (1958–1961). Arab Federation, a confederation between Iraq and Jordan (1958). Federation of Arab Republics (1972–1977). Arab Islamic Republic (1974). References External links The Charter of the United Arab States. in Basic Documents of the Arab Unifications. p. 21. States and territories established in 1958 States and territories disestablished in 1961 Former Arab states Pan-Arabism Arab nationalism in Egypt Arab nationalism in Syria Arab nationalism in Yemen States Egypt–Syria relations Egypt–Yemen relations Syria–Yemen relations", "title": "United Arab States" }, { "docid": "18038251", "text": "The Demographics of the Middle East describes populations of the Middle East, a region covering western and northern parts of the Asian and African continents respectively. Overview Encyclopedia Britannica definition of Middle East Encyclopedia Britannica stated in 2018 that \"by the mid-20th century a common definition of the Middle East encompassed the states or territories of Turkey, Cyprus, Syria, Lebanon, Iraq, Iran, Israel, Palestine, Jordan, Egypt, Sudan, Libya, and the various states and territories of Arabia proper (Saudi Arabia, Kuwait, Yemen, Oman, Bahrain, Qatar, and the Trucial States, or Trucial Oman [now United Arab Emirates]).\" Life expectancy List of countries by life expectancy at birth for 2021 according to the World Bank Group: Historical In the year 1600, the population of the Middle East stood at about 18.5 million. Within modern borders:Alexander V. Avakov, Two Thousand Years of Economic Statistics, Volume 1, pages 12 to 14. Anatolia - c. 6,500,000 Iran - 4,472,000 Yemen - 2,243,000 Saudi Arabia - 1,809,000 Syria - 1,175,000 Iraq - 1,000,000 Lebanon - 292,000 Oman - 275,000 Jordan - 191,000 Palestine/Jerusalem- 161,000 Cyprus - 98,000 Kuwait - 71,000 Bahrain - 54,000 United Arab Emirates - 35,000 In addition, the population of North Africa was 12 million, with the following breakdown within borders: Egypt - 5,000,000 Algeria - 2,250,000 Morocco - 2,250,000 Tunisia - 2,000,000 Libya - 500,000 See also Demographics of the Arab League Demographics of the Middle East and North Africa Ethnic groups in the Middle East Genetic history of the Middle East Largest metropolitan areas of the Middle East List of Middle Eastern countries by population References Middle East Demography", "title": "Demographics of the Middle East" } ]

[ { "docid": "65375614", "text": "The Middle East steppe ecoregion (WWF ID: PA0812) stretches in an arc from southern Jordan across Syria and Iraq to the western border of Iran. The upper plains of the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers dominate most of the ecoregion. The terrain is mostly open shrub steppe. The climate is arid (less than 250 mm of precipitation per year). Evidence is that this region was once more of a forest-steppe, but centuries of overgrazing and gathering firewood have reduced tree and grass cover to small areas and along the riverine corridors. Despite the degraded condition of the steppe environment, the ecoregion is important for water birds as the rivers and reservoirs provide habitat in the arid region. Location and description Most of the ecoregion is in upper Syria and Iraq, with a thin extension through western Jordan that almost reaches the Gulf of Aqaba in the south, and almost touching the border with Iran in the east. The terrain is flat plains or hills, with an average elevation of . The ecoregion to the south is the Mesopotamian shrub desert, and to the north is the Eastern Mediterranean conifer-sclerophyllous-broadleaf forests ecoregion. Climate The climate of the ecoregion is Hot semi-arid climates (Köppen climate classification (BSh)). This climate is characteristic of steppes, with hot summers and cool or mild winters, and minimal precipitation. The coldest month averages above . Precipitation averages less than 200 mm/year. Flora and fauna The region is one of shrub steppe, crossed by riverine woodlands in places. In deep, non-saline soils the dominant shrubs are white wormwood (Artemisia herba-alba), associated with bulbous bluegrass (Poa bulbosa). Stonier soils support Hammada scoparia. Areas near water support (Tamarix), Euphrates poplar (Populus euphratica), and reeds (Phragmites). In less populated areas with vegetation, some large mammals are found, including the European badger (Meles meles), wild boar (Sus scrofa), and the vulnerable Arabian goitered gazelle (Gazella subgutturosa). For migratory water birds, the Euphrates River valley serves as a major migration route between the wetlands of Turkey and the wetlands of Iraq. Many of these species depend on a combination of wetlands and arid desert habitat. Birds in the ecoregion of conservation interest include vulnerable Houbara bustard (Chlamydotis undulata), the vulnerable Great bustard (Otis tarda), and the near-threatened Little bustard (Tetrax tetrax). Protected areas Less than 1% of the ecoregion is officially protected. These protected areas include: Wujib Nature Reserve (Jordan) Dana Biosphere Reserve (Jordan) Fifa Nature Reserve (Jordan) References Palearctic ecoregions Ecoregions of Jordan Ecoregions of Syria Ecoregions of Iraq", "title": "Middle East steppe" }, { "docid": "15723", "text": "The foreign relations of Jordan have been consistently a pro-Western foreign policy. United Kingdom and United States Jordan has had close relations with the United States and the United Kingdom for many years. During the first Gulf War (1990), these relations were damaged by Jordan's neutrality and its maintenance of relations with Iraq. Later, Jordan restored its relations with Western countries through its participation in the enforcement of UN sanctions against Iraq and in the Southwest Asia peace process. After King Hussein's death in 1999, relations between Jordan and the Persian Gulf countries greatly improved. In 2000, Jordan signed a Free Trade Agreement with the United States, which went into effect in 2010. In 2013, the U.S. approved the CIA–led Timber Sycamore covert operation, based in Jordan, to train and arm Syrian rebels. European Union Jordan enjoys \"advanced status\" with the European Union and is part of the European Neighbourhood Policy, which aims to increase links between the EU and its neighbours. Palestine and regional neighbours Owing to its location, bordering Israel, Syria, and Iraq, Jordan has experienced wars along its borders for decades, and maintains careful diplomatic relations with Israel and its main ally, the U.S. Along with Egypt and the United Arab Emirates, Jordan was one of only three Arab nations to have signed peace treaties with Israel, Jordan's direct neighbour. Jordan views an independent Palestinian state with the 1967 borders, as part of the two-state solution and of supreme national interest. The ruling Hashemite dynasty has had custodianship over holy sites in Jerusalem since 1924, a position reinforced in the Israel–Jordan peace treaty. Turmoil in Jerusalem's Al-Aqsa mosque between Israelis and Palestinians created tensions between Jordan and Israel concerning the former's role in protecting the Muslim and Christian sites in Jerusalem. Jordan signed a non-aggression pact with Israel (the Washington Declaration) in Washington, D.C., on 25 July 1994. Jordan and Israel signed a historic peace treaty on October 26, 1994, witnessed by President Clinton, accompanied by Secretary of State Warren Christopher. The U.S. has participated with Jordan and Israel in trilateral development discussions during which key issues have been water-sharing and security; cooperation on Jordan Rift Valley development; infrastructure projects; and trade, finance, and banking issues. Israel captured East Jerusalem and the West Bank, which was annexed by Jordan since 1950, in 1967. Since 1967, Pakistan has been demanding its vacation at the international level. Jordan, together with Pakistan, is playing an effective role in the Organisation of Islamic Cooperation. 2023 Israel-Hamas War The political landscape of Jordan has changed as a consequence of the conflict between Israel and Hamas from October 2023. Prime minister Bisher al Khasawneh expressed his country's disapproval of Israel's offensive in Gaza by recalling its ambassador from Israel, and declared that Israel's ambassador, who had departed Amman following Hamas' attack, would not be permitted to return. Khasawneh argued that Israel's blockade of the heavily-populated Gaza Strip could not be justified as self-defense, and criticised the indiscriminate Israeli assault, which had included safe", "title": "Foreign relations of Jordan" }, { "docid": "75847373", "text": "This is an overview of crime in Jordan. Terrorism Jordan has experienced a significant decrease in terrorism since 2020. Despite this, the country has faced a continued threat from extremist groups. Analysts reported that Islamist groups in Jordan are growing in size and becoming increasingly violent, and in early 2015, the Islamic State and other terrorist groups had at least 9,000 supporters in the country, and 2,000 of them left for Syria. Leading Jordanian expert in Islamist groups Mohammed Abu Rumman stated that, \"the real danger of [ISIS] is not external, it is internal,\" and that radical Islamist ideologies are reaching middle class students in the country. Extremists kill an average of 20 women a year in Jordan in honor killings because they have supposedly disgraced their families. However, human rights groups believe the actual number is higher because Jordanian authorities reportedly do not document every incident. Despite the punishment for murder being death, courts often commute sentences for honor killings. Trafficking Human trafficking Jordan serves as a source, transit, and destination for human trafficking. The US Department of State ranked Jordan at Tier 2 on its 2023 Trafficking in Persons Report, stating that the country's government did not meet the minimum standards for the elimination of human trafficking, but was making significant efforts to do so. Forced labor Many foreign workers in Jordan are undocumented, making them more vulnerable to trafficking due to informal work arrangements. Jordan's kafala system also increases their vulnerability due to it preventing them from changing employers without consent from the initial employer. Refugees from Syria, the Palestinian territories, and Iraq, primarily women and children, are vulnerable to trafficking, with some working illegally or in the informal sector. An NGO estimated that there were at least 500,000 workers; primarily women from South and Southeast Asia, in Jordan who were highly susceptible to forced labor in 2022. Sex trafficking Cases of Syrian refugee women and girls being sold into forced marriages have been reported. Lebanese, North African, and Eastern European women who migrated to Jordan for work have also been targeted by sex traffickers, and so have Jordanian women working in nightclubs. Drug trafficking Overview Since 2020, smugglers have increasingly used Jordan as a corridor to traffic illegal narcotics out of Syria and into the richer Gulf states. The most widely consumed drug in the country is cannabis resin, with most of it originating from Lebanon and entering through the border with Syria and Iraq. Captagon is also present in the country. Though Jordan has been used primarily as a transit zone for the drug, its expanding regional market has attracted domestic users as well, primarily young people in Amman. Drugs such as heroin and Joker, a synthetic form of cannabis often mixed with toxic compounds, have been smuggled through Jordan with the purpose of transiting them to the Gulf states. However, the two attracted a small domestic market. Cocaine also has a presence in the country, however due to its expensive costs, it is not", "title": "Crime in Jordan" }, { "docid": "33343936", "text": "Energy in Jordan describes energy and electricity production, consumption and import in Jordan. Jordan is among the highest in the world in dependency on foreign energy sources, with 92.3% of the country's energy supply being imported. Moreover, multiple attacks on the Arab Gas Pipeline from 2011-2014 which supplies 88% of the country's electricity generation needs - forced the country’s power plants onto diesel and heavy fuel oil, costing the treasury millions of dinars and pushing the national energy bill to record highs, over JD4 billion. Primary energy use in Jordan was, in 2009, 87 TWh and 15 TWh per million persons and, in 2008, 82 TWh and 14 TWh/million persons. In 2021, the composition of the total energy supply (TES) consisted of 51% oil, 38% gas, 3% coal, and 8% renewables. Modern renewables (that is, non-fossil fuel, non-biomass sources) made up 10% of final energy consumption in 2020; this is an increase from 3% in 2015. Overview Renewable energy initiatives Law No. 13, enacted on April 12, 2012, aims to elevate Jordan's renewable energy share to 7% by 2015 and 10% by 2020, in alignment with the National Energy Efficiency Strategy. This legislation focuses on enhancing the country's commitment to renewable energy and energy efficiency. It authorizes the Ministry of Energy to identify Renewable Energy Development Zones and streamline the project approval process, requiring developers to demonstrate five years of renewable energy experience and enter into Power Purchase Agreements (PPAs) with the National Electricity Power Company (NEPCO). Furthermore, the Jordan Renewable Energy and Energy Efficiency Fund (JREEEF) was created to provide financial support to the sector, funded both domestically and internationally. The Jordan Renewable Energy & Energy Efficiency Fund (JREEEF) aims to increase renewable energy's contribution to 20% of Jordan's energy mix by 2020. It focuses on promoting energy efficiency, attracting investments, creating green jobs, and securing project funding. Through various divisions, JREEEF undertakes agreement drafting, project evaluations, financing program development, and ensures compliance with energy projects. It also engages in market research and collaborates with the government and donors. Electricity Natural gas Natural gas is increasingly being used to fulfill the country’s domestic energy needs, especially with regard to electricity generation. Jordan was estimated to have only modest natural gas reserves (about 6 billion cubic meters in 2002), but new estimates suggest a much higher total. In 2003 the country produced and consumed an estimated 390 million cubic meters of natural gas. The primary source is located in the eastern portion of the country at the Risha gas field. In the past, the country imported the bulk of its natural gas via the Arab Gas Pipeline that stretches from the Al Arish terminal in Egypt underwater to Al Aqabah and then to northern Jordan, where it links to two major power stations. This Egypt–Jordan pipeline supplied Jordan with approximately 1 billion cubic meters (BCM) of natural gas per year. Jordan has developed one gas field, at Risha in the eastern desert near the border with Iraq. The current output", "title": "Energy in Jordan" }, { "docid": "45352597", "text": "The Jordanian military intervention in the Syrian Civil War began on 22 September 2014, with airstrikes on Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant (ISIL) targets, and escalated after the murder of Muath al-Kasasbeh, a Jordanian pilot who was captured by ISIL when his F-16 Fighter Jet crashed over Syria in early 2015. Though Jordan's strikes in Syria largely tapered off after December 2015, airstrikes have continued through February 2017, and Jordan has continued to support rebel groups in Syria and host military activities of other countries. Background ISIL considers Jordanian King Abdullah II an enemy of Islam and an infidel, and in early June 2014 the organization released a video on YouTube in which they threatened to \"slaughter\" Abdullah, whom they denounced as a \"tyrant.\" Jordanian ISIL members in the video vowed to launch suicide attacks inside Jordan. Jordanian motivation for attacking ISIL In 2014, Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant leader Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi planned to extend the group's control beyond Syria and Iraq, notably to Jordan, with its homegrown Islamic fundamentalism and shared borders easily crossed by terrorists. Also in 2014, Jordanian political analyst Oraib al-Rantawi explained the imminent ISIS threat to the kingdom: \"We in Jordan cannot afford the luxury of just waiting and monitoring. The danger is getting closer to our bedrooms. It has become a strategic danger; it is no longer a security threat from groups or cells. We must start thinking outside the box. The time has come to increase coordination and cooperation with the regimes in Baghdad and Damascus to contain the crawling of extremism and terrorism.\" On 23 September 2014, Jordan's Minister of State for Media Affairs and Communications, Mohammad Momani, declared: \"We took part in the strikes which are part of our efforts to defeat terrorism in its strongholds.\" Jordan's statement coincided with a U.S. announcement that they had begun strikes in Syria with partner nations, leading the Jordan Times to conclude that Jordan had joined the U.S.-led coalition against ISIL. First Jordanian airstrikes The Jordanian Air Force joined in the US-led bombing of ISIL in Syria on 22 September 2014. Jihadist troops have retaliated by firing into Jordan and there has been increased sniping at the border. Escalation Capture and murder of Lieutenant Al-Kasasbeh On 24 December 2014, a Jordanian F-16 fighter jet operating over Syria crashed after suffering a mechanical problem and the pilot, Royal Jordanian Air Force Lieutenant Muath Al-Kasasbeh, was captured by ISIL. Before he was burned to death, al-Kasasbeh was made to reveal the names and workplaces of a number of his fellow Royal Jordanian Air Force pilots. Their names and photographs were displayed at the end of the video, with an ISIS bounty offer of 100 gold dinars (approximately $20,000) for each Jordanian Air Force pilot killed. Most Western media outlets refused to show the full video, sometimes describing it or showing images immediately preceding al-Kasasbeh's immolation. Fox News posted the complete video on its website. The Jordanian government assessed that al-Kasasbeh was", "title": "Jordanian intervention in the Syrian civil war" }, { "docid": "5017531", "text": "Confessionalism is a system of government that is a de jure mix of religion and politics. It typically entails distributing political and institutional power proportionally among confessional communities. Governmental structure Some countries' political system distribute power across major religions in the country. This can be required by the constitution or through unwritten tradition. In the politics of Iraq, following the invasion of Iraq in 2003, the occupying administration introduced a system where power was shared between the three main ethno-religious groups: Shia Muslim Arabs, Sunni Muslim Arabs and Kurds. The constitution of Iraq encouraged such power-sharing, due to the parliamentary system and the initial requirement for a super-majority to elect the President. Although not explicitly required in the constitution, political tradition has continued to date for the President to be a Kurd, the Speaker of Parliament a Sunni Muslim Arab and the Prime Minister a Shi'ite Muslim Arab. The repartition of assembly seats on a confessional basis in the Middle East was invented by the Ottoman Empire (e.g. in the Ottoman Parliament) and continued in several post-Ottoman countries with reserved seats for non-Muslim, namely Christian, minorities (Syria, Jordan, Iraq), or for all religious communities including Muslim subgroups and Christian churches (Lebanon). A similar system prevails in Iran for the Armenian, Assyrian, Jewish and Zoroastrian minorities. In Lebanon, the concept of confessionalism holds an important political meaning, since political power and governmental bureaucracy are organized according to religious confessions (as it happened in Switzerland, Germany, the Netherlands and other countries before). For example, the National Pact (an unwritten covenant) and later the Taif Agreement provide for a Maronite Christian president, a Sunni Muslim prime minister, and a Shia Muslim speaker of parliament. Although the system was meant to be a temporary solution \"until such time as the Chamber enacts new electoral laws on a non-confessional basis\", more than 80 years later, it remains the system of government. All posts in government and seats in the legislature are apportioned amongst different religious groups according to a political agreement, as the relative demographic weight of those groups is unknown. The constitution of 1926, amended after the Taif Agreement of 1990 and the Doha agreement of 2008 specified that there should be 54 Christian deputies and 54 Muslim deputies, even though in practice there are 64 deputies each. In addition, within those two groups, seats should be shared according to the demographic weight of each community. The Lebanese constitution also guarantees segmental autonomy to 18 recognized communities in the country in domains such as education. Lebanon also presents other characteristics of confessionalism. Since 2005 Lebanese politics has been polarized around two trans-religious coalitions with the majority never able to govern alone. There is, however, another section of the constitution that addresses the development of outside parties not represented by popular support. Political parties In some countries there are political parties whose main ideology is based on a religion, such as Christian democratic parties and Islamic political parties. In the politics of the Netherlands the", "title": "Confessionalism (politics)" }, { "docid": "18010061", "text": "Iraq–Israel relations refer to the bilateral ties between the State of Israel and the Republic of Iraq. Due to Iraq's non-recognition of Israel as a legitimate state since the latter's establishment in 1948, the two countries have not had any formal diplomatic relations. The Hashemite Kingdom of Iraq was a part of the Arab coalition that declared war on and invaded Israel shortly after its establishment, sparking the First–Arab Israeli War, and the two states have since then been in a continuous state of hostilities. Iraqi forces also participated in the Third Arab–Israeli War and the Fourth Arab–Israeli War in 1967 and 1973, respectively. In 1981, Israel carried out Operation Opera in Ba'athist Iraq, in which the Israeli Air Force bombed and successfully destroyed an Iraqi nuclear reactor that was under construction at the Tuwaitha Nuclear Research Centre near Baghdad; the reactor had been attacked and partially damaged by Iran during its Operation Scorch Sword, which had been carried out a year prior to the Israeli strike amidst the Iran–Iraq War. During the 1990–1991 Gulf War, Iraq carried out a missile campaign against Israel, in which it launched 42 modified Scud missiles (designated Al-Hussein) at Israeli cities with the strategic objective of provoking Israel into launching retaliatory attacks and potentially jeopardizing the multinational coalition formed by the United States against Iraq, which had full backing and extensive contributions from other Muslim-majority states; Israel did not respond to the Iraqi missile attacks due to American pressure, and Iraq failed to gather support for its occupation of Kuwait. The post-2003 Republic of Iraq continues to be a strong supporter of the Arab League boycott of Israel. All Iraqi passports are invalid for travel to Israel and Israeli passports are likewise invalid for entry into Iraq. Alongside a number of other Arab and Muslim-majority countries, Iraq is designated as a hostile state under Israeli law, and Israeli citizens may not visit the country without a special permit issued by the Israeli Interior Ministry. History Until the 2003 Iraq War The British in the 1930s built the Mosul–Haifa oil pipeline from Western Iraq through the British-ruled Emirate of Transjordan then to Haifa, in Mandatory Palestine. During the Anglo-Iraqi War, the Irgun - an Israeli independence movement - participated in the British invasion of Iraq. Immediately after the declaration of the establishment of the State of Israel in May 1948, Arab armies, including those of Iraq, invaded the former Mandate Palestine territory, and the oil pipeline to Haifa was shut down, and the pipeline diverted through a branch line to Tripoli in Syria. Following the war, Iraq was the only Arab country not to sign a ceasefire agreement with Israel, and the two countries have technically been in a continuous state of war since 1948. Despite not sharing a border with Israel, Iraq was an important player in the Arab–Israeli conflict. Iraqi troops present in Jordan became involved in the Six-Day War in 1967, suffering 10 dead. The war ended before the Iraqis had time", "title": "Iraq–Israel relations" }, { "docid": "30429714", "text": "Iraqis in Turkey includes Turkish citizens of Iraqi origin, Iraqi-born citizens and Iraqi expat workers. History Turkey experienced a large influx of Iraqis between the years of 1988 and 1991 due to both the Iran–Iraq War and the first Gulf war, with around 50,000 to 460,000 Iraqis entering the country. However, Turkey took a different approach following the 2003 invasion of Iraq in 2003, when the government took strong measures in ensuring there be no mass influx of Iraqis for the third time. Thus, despite an approximate of two million Iraqis fleeing to neighbouring Syria and Jordan, only 10,000 had arrived in Turkey. Despite Turkey being Iraq's only neighbour to be a party to the Convention Relating to the Status of Refugees, Turkey has restricted the possibility for Iraqi refugees who escaped armed conflict, like all non-Europeans, to be issued refugee status. Nowadays, ever since the end of Iraq’s war with ISIS and the return of stability to the country, most refugees returned to Iraq. Iraqis living in Turkey number about 125,000, and most of them are expats who come to the country for work or are foreign students that settle in the country for education. Iraqi people are among the nationalities that purchase the most properties in the country, alongside Iranians, Russians, Germans, and Brits. Refugees during the Gulf War Large movements of Kurdish refugees took place after revolts that broke out in Kurdish areas in northern Iraq during the Gulf War (August 2, 1990 – February 28, 1991) were curtailed by raids of the Iraqi military. While Iran allowed 1.3 million Kurds into its borders, Turkey attempted to block the entry of more than 450,000 Kurds who were headed its way in an attempt to flee violence, leaving them trapped in the Iraqi-Turkish mountain range. In an attempt to avoid a humanitarian crisis, a US-led force intervened in northern Iraq, establishing a security zone and a no-fly zone to protect the Kurds. Backed by UN Security Council resolution 688, operation Provide Comfort represented the first time the military was involved in humanitarian emergencies. The 450,000 Kurds were brought down from the Iraqi-Turkish mountain range into flat areas on the Iraqi side of the border near Zakho and Donuk, where the US Army set up refugee camps, handing them to be managed by UN High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR). The Kurdish refugees were first protected by coalition military, and once they left, by UN guards. Historically, this was the only time that Iraqi refugees were in camps. The Kurdish issue seriously tested UNHCR's protection mandate, as while it is obliged to protect and assist people who are outside of their own countries, the refugees camps were located inside Iraq. At the same time, UNHCR could not persuade Turkey to accept the Kurds into its area as states are obligated not to return people to situations where they might be persecuted, but they could not be forced to provide them asylum. UNHCR promoted voluntary repatriation, and by June 1991 all", "title": "Iraqis in Turkey" }, { "docid": "17531340", "text": "The Turkish communities in the former Ottoman Empire refers to ethnic Turks, who are the descendants of Ottoman-Turkish settlers from Anatolia and Eastern Thrace, living outside of the modern borders of the Republic of Turkey and in the independent states which were formerly part of the Ottoman Empire. Thus, they are not considered part of Turkey's modern diaspora, rather, due to living for centuries in their respective regions (and for centuries under Turkish rule), they are now considered \"natives\" or \"locals\" as they have been living in these countries prior to the independence and establishment of the modern-nation states. Today, whilst the Turkish people form a majority in the Republic of Turkey and Northern Cyprus, they also form one of the \"Two Communities\" in the Republic of Cyprus, as well as significant minorities in the Balkans, the Caucasus, the Levant, the Middle East and North Africa. Consequently, the Turkish ethnicity and/or language is officially recognised under the constitutional law of several states, particularly in the Balkans. Turkish communities Cyprus According to the 1960 Constitution of the Republic of Cyprus (Articles 2 and 3) the Turkish Cypriots are recognised as one of the \"Two Communities\" of the Republic (alongside the Greek Cypriots). Hence, legally, they have equal power-sharing rights with the Greek Cypriots and are not defined as a \"minority group\", despite being fewer in numbers (numbering 1,128 in the south of the island in the 2011 census). The Turkish language is an official language of the republic, alongside the Greek language. However, due to the Cyprus crisis of 1963–64, followed by the Greek-led 1974 Cypriot coup d'état and then the 1974 Turkish invasion of Cyprus, the northern half of the island was occupied by Turkey and the Turkish Cypriots declared their own \"state\" - the Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus (TRNC), recognized only by Turkey - in 1983. Today it is partly populated by Turkish Cypriots and mostly by Turkish settlers. According to the 2011 \"TRNC\" census, the population of Northern Cyprus was 286,257. Other estimates suggests that there is between 300,000-500,000 Turkish Cypriots and Turkish settlers living in the north of the island. Turkish minorities Balkans Caucasus Levant In the Levant the Turks are scattered throughout the region. In Iraq and Syria the Turkish minorities are commonly referred to as \"Turkmen\", \"Turkman\" and \"Turcoman\"; these terms have historically been used to designate Turkic (Oghuz) speakers in Arab areas, or Sunni Muslims in Shitte areas. Indeed, today, the majority of Iraqi Turkmen and Syrian Turkmen are the descendants of Ottoman Turkish settlers. and, therefore, share close cultural and linguistic ties with Turkey, particularly the Anatolian region. There is also Turkish minorities located in Jordan (Turks in Jordan) and Lebanon (Turks in Lebanon). In Lebanon, they live mainly in the villages of Aydamun and Kouachra in the Akkar District, as well as in Baalbek, Beirut, and Tripoli. North Africa In North Africa there is still a strong Turkish presence in the Maghreb, particularly in Algeria Libya, and Tunisia (see Algerian Turks,", "title": "Turkish communities in the former Ottoman Empire" }, { "docid": "9579609", "text": "The Ministry of Interior (MOI) is the government body charged with overseeing policing and border control in Iraq. The MOI comprises several agencies, including the Iraqi Police, Highway Patrol, Traffic Department, Emergency Response Unit, Explosive Ordnance Disposal Unit, and Department of Border Enforcement. Following passage of the Facilities Protection Service Reform Law, the Ministry absorbed FPS personnel previously spread among other ministries. The MOI has approximately 380,430 employees, and the Ministry of Finance approved US$3.8 billion for its 2008 budget, representing a 21% growth over the previous year. Under President Saddam Hussein, the ministry performed a wide range of functions, including keeping Iraq free of Hussein's enemies and others deemed \"undesirable.\" When U.S.-led Coalition forces found and captured Hussein during the Iraq War, the ministry was not dissolved, unlike the defense ministry and intelligence agencies. Combined Joint Task Force 7 planned to hand over policing and internal security duties as soon as possible. Instead, the ministry was merely restructured. Federal Police (FP) The Federal Police (FP), sometimes called the National Police, is a gendarmerie-type paramilitary force designed to bridge the gap between the local police and the army. This allows the MOI to project power across provinces and maintain law and order, while an effective community police is developed. Although called police, the force has been trained primarily for military operations. Amid frequent allegations of abuse and other illegal activities, in the fall of 2006 the Iraqi government decided to reform and retrain all FP units. The FP transformation yielded a police organization capable of performing criminal investigations as well as tactical operations, and included a reorganization that resulted in the replacement of two division headquarters with a federal police headquarters. FP units are equipped with small arms, machine guns, pick-up trucks, and SUVs. The mechanized battalions are equipped with light armored vehicles. Department of Border Enforcement (DBE) The DBE is tasked with securing and protecting Iraq's international borders from unlawful entry of both personnel and materiel. The DBE mans 405 border structures. As of March 2010, the DBE has approximately 40,000 personnel assigned, organized into 5 regions, 12 brigades and 38 battalions. The DBE was headquartered in Baghdad. In late January 2009, the 1st Region, DBE, controlled the northeastern parts of Iraq which is the territory of the Federal Kurdistan Region and its where the country shares borders with Turkey and Iran. The 1st Region, considered one of the safest areas of Iraq currently, contains cities like Irbil, Dahuk and Sulyamaniah. Mosul was in the 2nd Region, Diyala was in the 3rd Region, Bashrah is in the 4th Region and the cities of Nyjaf and Nakheb are in the 5th Region.\" Law Maj. Gen. Fazladin Abdulqader Mohammed of Bamarni, Iraq, was the commander, 1st Region, DBE. The 1st DBE Region \"[had] the longest border of all the regions in Iraq,\" said Fazladin. \"Our border covers from Fairozkan to Al Khabour, where the Tigris River Border Fort is located. It is 1,083 kilometers and we have three brigades for this", "title": "Ministry of Interior (Iraq)" }, { "docid": "60252076", "text": "Jordan–United Kingdom relations, or Anglo-Jordanian relations, refers to the relationship between the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan and the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. Both countries share a relatively close relationship because of the Hashemites, who received British help to overthrow Ottoman rule in the country during World War I. History During World War I, the Hashemites requested help and support from the British Empire via its administration in Cairo to fight against the Ottomans. The sudden revolt led by the Hashemite family, while not be able to secure total support from other Arab tribes, played an instrumental role on the collapse of Ottoman rule in Jordan. However, the main goal of Hashemite-led revolt - a unitary and independent Arab state - was not honored by London and its French ally. Eventually Britain placed Sharif Abdullah as ruler of the Emirate of Transjordan, hoping to reduce tensions. Until 1956, the Emirate, while governed by the Hashemites, was not fully independent of British influence. John Bagot Glubb, known as Glubb Pasha, was the de facto ruler of the country; he laid the foundation of the Arab Legion, which would eventually become the Jordanian Armed Forces. Meanwhile, Glubb Pasha played a controversial role, which is still debated in the history of modern Jordanian Kingdom. Transjordan was an integral part of Britain's informal empire. This system of indirect rule continued even after Jordan's independence in 1946. During the Arab–Israeli War of 1948, Britain secretly favored a total Jordanian invasion of West Bank hoping to wipe out the possible creation of a Palestinian state led by Amin al-Husseini. The invasion was a success which and secured British influence within Transjordan. Britain continued to support Jordan during the Jordanian Civil War against the PLO. Britain also secretly supported Israeli jets to fly in Jordan when Syria sent troops to invade the country, forcing the Syrians to retreat. James Callaghan and King Hussein formed a close working relationship in the late 1970s, however, the relationship between the United Kingdom and Jordan became even closer and warmer during the premiership of Margaret Thatcher. Contributing to this was the fact that in the context of the Cold War, Jordan took a decisively pro-western stance. Margaret Thatcher, who was a hardline anti-communist saw this as an opening for a closer relationship with Jordan. At the same time, Jordan was looking for strong partners to bolster their own position in the region. These factors combined in such a way that the administration of Margaret Thatcher and the Jordanian government under King Hussein of Jordan began coordinating with one another and cooperating with one another on a wide variety of issues. In late 1990 and early 1991, King Hussein of Jordan worked closely with Prime Minister John Major over the issue of what to do with Saddam Hussein's Iraq during Iraq's occupation of Kuwait. In the late 1990s and early 2000s, King Abdullah worked closely with British Prime Minister Tony Blair. Blair visited Jordan in late 2001 and King", "title": "Jordan–United Kingdom relations" }, { "docid": "15178582", "text": "The Iraqi diaspora in West Asia is mostly located in Syria, Jordan, Iran and Lebanon, in addition to the well established numbers in the Persian Gulf states and Israel. As a result of the Iraq War, the Iraqi refugee crisis is the largest in West Asia in 60 years, since 1948 when the State of Israel was established. Most of the recent Iraqi immigrants fleeing to Iran and Lebanon are believed to be Shia. Religion often determines which countries the Iraqi people will apply asylum for, decades ago most of the Iraqi Jews fled to Israel through Operation Ezra and Nehemiah. Almost all of Iraq's Christians are now in Lebanon and in the Christian towns of Syria, such as Jaramanah, where migration has doubled with 100,000 Iraqi refugees present. Iraqis living in the Persian Gulf states face hardship because of the political conflicts between certain governments, especially in Kuwait due to the Gulf War. There has been hostility towards the Iraqi people living in Arabia and are often subjected to living in inhumane conditions. The academics and younger generation of Iraq, seek refuge in the United Arab Emirates for better career opportunities. Present-day Iraqi diaspora communities in West Asia Armenia Sources claim 460 Iraqi refugees are living in Armenia. Georgia Iran Israel Jordan Jordan had taken in roughly 750,000 Iraqi refugees since the war began by December 2006. Jordan had been criticized by human rights organizations for not classifying the newcomers by the title \"refugee\" and instead labeled them \"visitors,\" disinclining the Jordanian government from extending to the Iraqis the same benefits enjoyed by 1.5 million Palestinian refugees residing in Jordan. Jordanians expressed resentment to the newcomers, built up since the influx of refugees during and following the Persian Gulf War in 1990-1991. Then, affluent Iraqis arrived and invested in the Jordanian economy, sending prices soaring too high for many working class or lower class Jordanians. Following the 2003 war and subsequent reconstruction, the arrival of mostly poor Iraqis compounded problems, increasing demand and applying more pressure on the Jordanian economy. The government had also been accused of cracking down on Shiite activities in the country while allowing Sunni Iraqis to carry on their lives without harassment from the government. The authorities denied any discrimination, claiming it treated any illicit activity by Sunnis or Shiites from Iraq equally. Kuwait The current Iraqi population in Kuwait is difficult to determine, as there are no official figures, but estimates range from 10,000 to 13,000. According to the UNHCR, only 427 Iraqis have been registered as asylum seekers and 18 Iraqis have been recognized as refugees in Kuwait. Due to poor Iraqi-Kuwaiti relations, Kuwait had previously announced that it will not provide shelter for any Iraqi refugees and will prevent them from entering the country by guarding the border with Saudi Arabian troops. However, Kuwait did announce that they will hold any refugees in a 15 kilometer-wide demilitarized strip on the Iraqi side of the border, where it would provide humanitarian assistance. Kuwait", "title": "Iraqi diaspora in West Asia" }, { "docid": "24920993", "text": "Water resources management in Syria is confronted with numerous challenges. First, all of the country's major rivers are shared with neighboring countries, and Syria depends to a large extent on the inflow of water from Turkey through the Euphrates and its tributaries. Second, high population growth and urbanisation increase the pressure on water resources, resulting in localized groundwater depletion and pollution, for example in the Ghouta near Damascus. Third, there is no legal framework for integrated water resources management. Finally, the institutions in charge of water resources management are weak, being both highly centralized and fragmented between sectors, and they often lack the power to enforce regulations. Water resources policies have been focused on the construction of dams, the development of irrigated agriculture and occasional interbasin transfers, such as a pipeline to supply drinking water to Aleppo from the Euphrates. There are 165 dams in Syria with a total storage capacity of 19.6 km3. Demand management through metering, higher tariffs, more efficient irrigation technologies and the reduction of non-revenue water in drinking water supply has received less emphasis than supply management. The government implements a large program for the construction of wastewater treatment plants including the use of reclaimed water for irrigation. Water is regulated by the Ministry of Water Resources. Water resources base Surface water The most important rivers of Syria are the Euphrates, the Tigris, the Orontes and the Yarmouk River. All these rivers are shared between Syria and its neighbors. The Euphrates, by far the most important river in Syria, flows from Turkey through Syria to Iraq. In Syria, it is joined by the Khabur and the Balikh rivers, which both originate in the Syro-Turkish border region. The Tigris River originates in the eastern Taurus Mountains in Turkey and forms the border between Syria and Turkey on a small mountainous stretch of the river. Its mean annual flow is 18 km3/year, but very little can be used by Syria due to its remote location. The Orontes River, which flows from Lebanon through Syria to Turkey, has an average flow of 0.4 km3/year (13 m³/s). The water resources of the Yarmouk River, which is shared with Jordan and Israel and flows into the Jordan River, average some 0.4 km3/year (14 m³/s). Among Syria's smaller rivers is the Barada River, which flows through Damascus and is one of the few notable rivers that flows entirely inside Syrian territory. The Quweiq River flows from Turkey to Syria and the city of Aleppo. The Nahr al-Kabir al-Shamali (Northern Great River) rises in Turkey and flows through the northern coastal plain and Latakia. The Nahr al-Kabir al-Janoubi (Southern Great River) flows through the southern coastal plain and, on its lower stretch, forms the border between Syria and Lebanon. It has an average flow of 0.3 km3/year (8 m³/s). Both rivers form part of what is called the \"coastal basin\", which is actually a group of small river basins in Syria that drain to the Mediterranean. International agreements on transboundary rivers While Syria", "title": "Water resources management in Syria" }, { "docid": "16091554", "text": "Iraqi–Turkish relations are foreign relations between Iraq and Turkey. From late 2011 relations between the two countries have undergone strained turbulence. The two countries share historical and cultural heritages. Turkey has an embassy in Baghdad, and a consulate general in Mosul, Basra and Erbil. While Iraq has an embassy in Ankara and consulate general in Istanbul and Gaziantep. The ambassador of Iraq in Ankara, Turkey, is Mr. Abdul Amir Kamil Abi Tabikh, who has been the representative of Iraq since 5 March 2009. The Iraqi mission in Turkey includes a defense attaché and commerce office in Ankara, and a general consulate in Istanbul. The Ambassador of Turkey in Baghdad, Iraq, is Derya Kanbay, who has been in office since 20 January 2007. The Turkish Embassy in Baghdad also possesses a commerce office. Political relations in chronological order Despite the fact that Turkey-Iraq relations have different epochs in history, the two nations are interconnected by various cultural similarities, since Iraqis, along with Syrians, Lebanese, and Egyptians, have traces of Turkish ancestry owing to the chronology with the Ottoman Empire. In order to clarify the relations between Turkey and Iraq, these different stages should be clarified. First of all, these two countries emerged as sovereign countries after the First World War; Iraq became a political unity as a British mandate, and Republic of Turkey became a sovereign country apart from the Ottoman Empire. Although Turkey became an official state in the international arena by the Lausanne Treaty of 1923, the Grand National Assembly in Ankara, founder of modern Turkey, was actually running the government since 1920. World War I and emergence of two states Before World War I, contemporary Iraq was part of the Ottoman Empire. Iraq under Ottoman rule did not have political unity. There were three administrative provinces (vilayet) in current Iraq, organised by Land Law of 1858 and Vilayet Law of 1864 of Ottoman Empire: Basra, Baghdad and Mosul provinces. Political unity of these three provinces came to fruition as a result of World War I and the invasion by the UK of this region. The Ottoman Empire lost World War I and signed the armistice of Moudros with the Allies on 30 October 1918. According to this armistice, the Ottoman Empire's southern border wasn't clarified. The 16th article of the armistice says that Ottoman armies in Iraq, Syria, Yemen, and Hejaz should immediately surrender to Allies. However, Syrian and Iraqi borders were not clarified in this armistice and the Istanbul government did not accept Mosul as a part of Iraq. Moreover, Mosul was occupied by British forces 16 days after the armistice (15 November 1918) which is an illegal action according to international law. This was the beginning of the Mosul problem. The borders issue and Mosul Question is the first important issue between Turkey and Iraq. In the last meeting of Ottoman Parliament of Istanbul on 12 January 1920 an act called the National Act was declared. According to that act, the whole of those parts (of", "title": "Iraq–Turkey relations" }, { "docid": "15447892", "text": "Palestinians in Iraq are people of Palestinians, most of whom have been residing in Iraq after they were displaced in 1948. Before 2003, there were approximately 34,000 Palestinians thought to be living in Iraq, mainly concentrated in Baghdad. However, since the 2003 Iraq War, the figure lies between 10,000–13,000, although a precise figure has been hard to determine. The situation of Palestinians in Iraq deteriorated after the fall of Saddam Hussein and particularly following the bombing of the Al-Askari Mosque in 2006. Since then, with the rise in insecurity throughout Iraq, they have been the target of expulsion, persecution and violence by Shia militants, and the new Iraqi Government with militant groups targeting them for preferential treatment they received under the Ba'ath Party rule. Currently, several hundred Palestinians from Iraq are living in border camps, after being refused entry to neighbouring Jordan and Syria. Others have been resettled to third countries. History The 1922 census of Palestine lists 18 Palestinians as living abroad in Iraq (then listed as Mesopotamia): 3 Muslims, 14 Jews, and 1 Christian. The birth of the Palestinian community in modern Iraq dates back to 1948, when the Iraqi army, which had been fighting in Palestine, returned to Baghdad with a group of Palestinians who had been forced to flee their homes in Haifa and Jaffa. In addition, some Palestinian villagers had been forcibly drafted by the invading Iraqi army, and they and their families were allowed to resettle in Iraq. Following the 1967 war with Israel, a second larger wave of Palestinians sought refuge in Iraq. The third and final wave occurred in 1991 after the Iraqi invasion of Kuwait, when those Palestinians living in Kuwait fled. Over the years, there were also many Palestinians who came to Iraq in search of work. Prior to 2003, there were approximately 25,000 registered Palestinian refugees living in Iraq. In December 2010, approximately 10,000 Palestinians remained in Iraq, the majority of whom were living in and around Baghdad. Under Saddam Hussein Iraq is not a signatory of the 1951 Geneva Convention relating to the protection of refugees. Palestinians were never awarded official status by the Iraqi authorities, but were given a degree of protection and assistance by the Iraqi government, guided by the Casablanca Protocol of the League of Arab States in 1965. During Saddam Hussein's rule, Palestinians received by and large equitable treatment. They were granted residency permits, full access to government services including healthcare and education, and were also permitted to work. The government also issued special travel documents for Palestinian refugees, allowing them to travel freely around Iraq but making it extremely difficult to leave the country. Some political and sectarian entities claim that Palestinians were treated favourably under the Ba'thist regime. The government built special housing complexes, and provided heavily subsidized accommodation for Palestinians. Palestinians were also exempt from military service, and scholarships were also awarded to Palestinian students, enabling them to study at certain universities. During the years of economic sanctions in the 1990s,", "title": "Palestinians in Iraq" }, { "docid": "48772810", "text": "Egypt–Jordan relations refers to the bilateral relations between the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan and the Arab Republic of Egypt. Since independence, the two nations have maintained good relations. Both countries are members of the Arab League, GAFTA, the World Trade Organization, the Organisation of Islamic Cooperation, the Council of Arab Economic Unity and the United Nations. The relationship has been quite stable with some uncertainties occurring in the 1960s and 1970s. There is a sizeable Egyptian population living in Jordan of 636,000 which is one of the largest host of the Egyptian diaspora. There are approximately 12,000 Jordanians living in Egypt. Diplomatic relations Diplomatic relations between the Egyptian and Jordanian government have existed since Jordan became independent in 1946. On April 6, 1972, the Egyptian government severed relations in protest for a Jordanian plan for federation with the West Bank, which did not take PLO interests into consideration. These relations were restored on September 11, 1973. They were severed again in 1979, this time by the Jordanian government, in protest of the Israeli-Egyptian peace treaty. Following the outbreak of the Lebanon War of 1982, the US government put pressure on both governments to reach accommodation for the purpose of formulating a joint peace strategy vis-a-vis the Israeli government, and relations were restored on September 25, 1984. In March 2021, the Prime ministers of the two countries signed seven agreements boosting the cooperation in many fields. On 19 October 2023, Egyptian President Abdel Fattah al-Sisi met with King Abdullah II of Jordan in Cairo. They discussed the 2023 Israel–Hamas war and accused Israel of \"collective punishment\" and efforts to \"displace Palestinians from their lands to Egypt or Jordan\". Borders Egypt and Jordan do not share a land border. They are separated by the Gulf of Aqaba and the Negev Desert to the east and southwest, with the latter's border with Jordan being 335 km (97 km with the West Bank and 238 km with Israel), while the border with Egypt is 265 km (including 11 km with the Gaza Strip and 254 km with Israel). The closest distance between two cities in the two countries is 11 km, the maritime distance between Jordan's Aqaba and Egypt's Taba, Separated by the Israeli city of Eilat through the Arabah and Taba Border Crossing. Egypt Embassy The Egypt embassy is located in Amman. Ambassador Mohammed Samir Marzouq Jordan Embassy The Jordan embassy is located in Cairo. Ambassador Amjad Adaileh See also Three-state solution References", "title": "Egypt–Jordan relations" }, { "docid": "39585995", "text": "Indonesia and Iraq established diplomatic relations on 27 February 1950 when President Sukarno appointed Bagindo Dahlan Abdullah, a member of the Central Indonesia National Committee, to serve as the ambassador of the United States of Indonesia to Iraq, Syria, Lebanon, and Jordan with a permanent residence in Baghdad. Diplomatic relations are important since they share similarity as Muslim majority countries. Indonesia is the most populous Muslim country in the world, while Iraq also a Muslim majority nation. Diplomatic relations were established in 1950. Indonesia has an embassy in Baghdad, while Iraq has an embassy in Jakarta. Both nations are members of the Non-Aligned Movement and Organisation of Islamic Cooperation (OIC). History Relations were commenced since centuries ago. Ancient Iraq and Indonesian archipelago were connected to the maritime Silk Road of Indian Ocean trade, where goods and ideas travels. The Srivijaya empire back in 8th-century has established contacts with Islamic Caliphate in the Middle East. In 13th century Islam arrived in Indonesia, and slowly it became the majority religion in the archipelago since 16th-century. Islam become the link between Indonesia and Iraq, as numbers of traders and ulamas spread Islam to Indonesian archipelago. Numbers of Arabic books and literatures travels through trade links and ports, and finally reach Indonesia. The Arabian Nights tales has caught the imaginations of Indonesians, popular even since the antiquities of Indonesian sultanates and kingdoms. Since 1950, both countries have signed around 15 agreements to boost bilateral ties. Indonesia has maintained its embassy in Baghdad during various crises, such as the Iran–Iraq War in the 1980s. In 2003, the Indonesian government and people did not support a U.S.-led military campaign against Iraq. Over 50,000 Indonesian people crowded the streets of the Indonesian capital, Jakarta on Sunday, February 9, 2003, to protest the United States' threat of military action against Iraq. At the height of the Iraq War, Indonesia temporarily closed its embassy in Baghdad in 2003. Because of the gradually improving security situation in Iraq, Indonesia reopened its embassy in June 2011. Since then, relations between the two countries have developed at a fast pace. Both nations are in the process of reviving their bilateral relations, which were stalled due to the war in Iraq. Economy and trade Traditionally Indonesia sees Iraq as the source of energy, such as oil and gas. On the other hand, Iraqi people are familiar with Indonesian exported products such as tires, soaps, spices, and other daily-use products. Iraq, the second-largest oil producer in the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC), is aiming to increase its bilateral trade with Indonesia to US$1 billion in 2013 via a recently signed oil sale and purchase agreement and increasing its non-oil and gas imports direct from Jakarta. Indonesia's bilateral trade value with Iraq increased to US$154 million in 2011, from US$52 million in 2010. However the value decreased in 2012, according to Indonesia's Central Statistics Agency (BPS), the value of bilateral trade in 2012 was just $45 million. Both countries signed a memorandum of understanding", "title": "Indonesia–Iraq relations" }, { "docid": "21341826", "text": "Water supply and sanitation in Jordan is characterized by severe water scarcity, which has been exacerbated by forced immigration as a result of the 1948 Arab–Israeli War, the Six-Day War in 1967, the Gulf War of 1990, the Iraq War of 2003 and the Syrian Civil War since 2011. Jordan is considered one of the ten most water scarce countries in the world. High population growth, the depletion of groundwater reserves and the impacts of climate change are likely to aggravate the situation in the future. The country's major surface water resources, the Jordan River and the Yarmouk River, are shared with Israel and Syria who leave only a small amount for Jordan. The Disi Water Conveyance Project from the non-renewable Disi aquifer to the capital Amman, opened in July 2013, increases available resources by about 12%. It is planned to bridge the remaining gap between demand and supply through increased use of reclaimed water and desalinated sea water to be provided through the Red Sea-Dead Sea canal. Despite Jordan's severe water scarcity, more than 97% of Jordanians have access to an improved water source and 93% have access to improved sanitation. This is one of the highest rates in the Middle East and North Africa. However, water supply is intermittent and it is common to store water in rooftop tanks. The level of water lost through leakage, underregistration, and theft in municipal water supply (non-revenue water) is approximately 51%. Water tariffs are subsidized. A National Water Strategy, adopted in 2009, emphasizes desalination and wastewater reuse. The country receives substantial foreign aid for investments in the water sector, accounting for about 30% of water investment financing. Modern history and recent developments The modern history of the Jordanian water sector is characterized by a substantial development of its infrastructure to cope with a large increase of population and by the simultaneous modernization of its institutions to cope with the challenge of developing, operating and maintaining the country's water infrastructure. 1946-1971: The Early Days Shortly after the independence of Jordan in 1946 and the annexation of the West Bank, only a small share of the population of less than half a million had access to piped water on their premises. Drinking water was supplied from local springs; there were no sewers and little irrigation. This early period of independence was characterized by a foiled attempt to develop the water resources share with Syria, the building of limited irrigation infrastructure in the Northern Jordan Valley, and the creation of professional organizations in charge of the water sector. Between 1953 and 1955 the United States Special Representative for Water in the Middle East, Eric Johnston, had negotiated the Jordan Valley Unified Water Plan to jointly develop the water resources of the Jordan River Basin between Israel, Lebanon, Syria and Jordan. Although the Plan, known as the Johnston Plan, was rejected by the Arab League on political grounds, Jordan used it as a basis for all its future development of water resources. The Plan foresaw", "title": "Water supply and sanitation in Jordan" }, { "docid": "23312034", "text": "Al-Waleed () is a makeshift Palestinian refugee camp in Iraq, near the border with Syria and the al-Tanf Crossing, and not far from the border with Jordan. It was set up in 2006 by Iraqi-Palestinian and Iraqi refugees stranded at the Iraqi–Syrian border. The United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees has two field staff stationed in the camp. In 2008, it had a population of 1,649 refugees, 1,602 of whom were Palestinians and the remainders Iraqis. Since March 2006, a steady flow of Palestinians has been leaving Baghdad. People arrive at al-Waleed camp on a regular basis and most come from lower socio-economic backgrounds. Last year, the Iraqi Ministry of Displacement and Migration called on all Palestinians at al-Waleed to return to their homes in Baghdad, promising them financial compensation, assistance and protection. However, the ultimate goal of the camp's residents is to get out of Iraq as soon as possible without getting hurt. In 2008 and 2009, 375 people left for resettlement in Iceland, the UK, the US, Denmark, France, the Netherlands and Norway. Al-Waleed suffers from poor hygiene and an absence of medical care amid extreme weather conditions. Children, women and the elderly have died due to the lack of adequate health care. The nearest hospital is a four-hour drive away along a dangerous route. The tents are overcrowded and many residents have chronic respiratory ailments, high blood pressure, diabetes and heart problems. Tents fill with water when it rains, and temperatures can fall below freezing in the winter. In the summer, temperatures above 50 degrees Celsius have been recorded, while sandstorms, fires, snakes and scorpions all present dangers. With no sewage system, waste water runs openly through the camp, leading to a higher occurrence of disease and infections among children who play between the tents. Despite the closure of al-Tanf camp on February 1, 2010 and the resettlement of approximately 1,000 Palestinians to third countries, al-Waleed continues to host close to 1,300 Palestinian refugees. References Populated places established in 2006 2006 establishments in Iraq Refugee camps in Iraq", "title": "Al-Waleed (camp)" }, { "docid": "75941094", "text": "The Rukban refugee camp () lies in southern Syria adjacent to the Jordan–Syria border, and close to the tripoint with Iraq. It is named after the nearby Rukban area, an arid remote region in northeastern Jordan. The camp was established when refugees piled up on the Syrian side of the borders with Jordan in 2014, as it became one of the crossing points for Syrian refugees fleeing the Syrian Civil War. While Jordan welcomed hundreds of thousands of refugees from Syria, the country specifically blocked the refugees at Rukban from entering, citing security concerns regarding the presence of hidden ISIS sleeper cells. In 2016, a car passing from the refugee camp in Syria managed to reach a Jordanian army outpost designated for the distribution of humanitarian aid to Syrian refugees. The car exploded, killing 6 and injuring 14 Jordanian soldiers. Jordan thereafter declared its eastern and northern border closed military zones. The camp in Syria witnessed further incidents, including two car bomb attacks that killed tens of refugees in 2016 and 2017. The population of the camp in Syria peaked at 45,000 in 2018. It suffered poor living conditions until its population later dwindled to 11,000 in 2019. Background Rukban is an arid remote area in northeastern Jordan near the borders with Syria. Since 2014, it became one of the crossing points for Syrian refugees going to Jordan. However, Jordan soon after blocked their access, citing security concerns regarding the presence of hidden Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant sleeper cells, as many of the refugees arrived mostly from then Islamic State-controlled territories such as Raqqa. Jordan only allowed around 50 to a 100 of them to pass into the country after strict screening. Therefore, refugees piled up on the border, creating the Rukban refugee camp in Syria. In 2015, the UN agreed with Jordan that the number of refugees that it is hosting gives rise to legitimate security concerns, however, it did not concede that Rukban residents presented any specific or additional security concern, and called on Jordan to immediately allow refugees in Rukban to access the country. Melessa Flemming of UNHCR said: \"UN officials accept Jordan has legitimate security concerns, but the UN continues to urge Jordan to permit residents of Rukban to enter Jordan.\" The number of Syrians there rose to 75,000 in 2016, becoming a de facto camp in Syrian territory, which drew heavy criticism and condemnation of Jordan from Human Rights Watch in 2015. Syrian Civil War spillover 21 June 2016 car bomb At dawn on 21 June 2016, a car crossed over from Rukban on Syrian territory and managed to reach a Jordanian army outpost designated for the distribution of humanitarian aid to Syrian refugees. The car exploded, killing 6 and injuring 14 Jordanian soldiers. Jordanian minister of foreign affairs Nasser Judeh said in a press conference about the incident that \"we don't need a hideous terrorist attack like this one to prove to the world the legitimacy of our security concerns\". He", "title": "Rukban refugee camp" }, { "docid": "16685209", "text": "Iraqis in Jordan are estimated to number approximately 131.000. Immigration history There have been two primary waves of Iraqi refugees coming into Jordan. The first wave arrived in the 1990s in the aftermath of the 1991 Gulf War, following Saddam's brutal repression of Iraqi Shi'a and Kurds and the imposition of economic sanctions on Iraq. At first, Iran was the destination of choice for the hundreds of thousands fleeing Iraq, but after 1995 Iraqis increasingly turned to Jordan to either settle there or use it as a transit base to other countries. Many of these refugees were upper-middle class, including doctors, intellectuals and teachers. Fewer lower class Iraqis settled in Jordan, as their poverty meant that they did not have the financial means to emigrate. The fact that many of these pre-2003 migrants had sold their properties in Iraq and brought large amounts of cash with them indicated that they did not plan to return to Iraq. The Jordanian immigration authority has provided the numbers of Iraqi nationals entering and leaving Jordan since 1990 up to March 2007, estimating them at 547,000. Before the start of the 2003 US-led invasion of Iraq, between 250,000 and 350,000 Iraqis were thought to have been already living in Jordan. This figure has included not only Iraqi refugees, but also long-term residents who had remained in Jordan to work. After the 2003 invasion, the demographics of those fleeing from Iraq to Jordan were similar to those of the first wave. They were businessmen and former government officials who brought with them great potential for investments. This influx of cash helped boost the Jordanian economy, but also fueled inflation and wage shortages, which aggravated existing inequalities. Several factors influence Iraqis' decision to settle in Jordan. Jordan, unlike other neighboring countries, did not impose severe restrictions on Iraqis entering its territory. Iraqis both believed that Jordan would be willing to take them and that they would have a good chance of entering the country. Moreover, Jordan offered peace and stability and had a history of treating refugees, especially Iraqi refugees. When Iraqis began fleeing in large numbers in 2004, Jordan did not require prior entry visas from Iraqis, treating them as it treated nationals of other friendly Arab states. Although exact numbers of Iraqi refugees are not easy to come by since the Jordanian government has not carried out any solid statistical studies, the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees estimates that 750,000 to 1 million of whom have fled to Jordan. Iraqi refugees' settlement patterns, coupled with the Jordanian government's insistence that Iraqis are \"guests\" and not \"refugees\" have made it difficult to reach an accurate estimate of the numbers of Iraqi refugees in Jordan. What distinguishes the Iraqi refugee crisis is the fact that many of the refugees were middle class urbanites who fled to large urban areas in Jordan. This makes it extremely difficult for humanitarian agencies to provide services and collect accurate information from an 'invisible' refugee population. Moreover, the memory of", "title": "Iraqis in Jordan" }, { "docid": "76309017", "text": "The Border Guard Forces () is a gendarmerie force of the Syrian Army responsible for guarding the borders of Syria (mainly in the east of the country) and important strategic facilities. The Syrian Border Guard is in the size of an enlarged unit containing seven regiments which are deployed in different centers in Syria, the brigade is under the command of the 3rd Corps. Command structure Border Guard Forces (2021) 5th Regiment (Hasakah pocket) 6th Regiment (Southern Homs) 8th Regiment (Jordan-Syria border) 10th Regiment (Iraq-Syria border) 11th Regiment (Latakia) 12th Regiment (Manbij and Ayn al-Arab) Unknown Regiment (likely Lebanon-Syria border) 87th Battalion (Talkalakh) Combat history The Border Guard Forces began its existence during the French Mandate in Syria under the name \"Desert Guard\", before 1946. After the independence, its main work is preventing smuggling along the borders, preventing the infiltration of hostile forces, maintaining order in areas far from the centers of government and maintaining important strategic objectives such as Euphrates Dam, oil wells and power plants. Role in the Civil war Over the years, the Syrian Border Guard did not engage in combat as a regular fighting force, but maintained its status as a regional police force. Even during the Civil War in Syria, the Border Guard functioned as a police force mainly in the east of the country. As of 2019, the Border Guard Force includes seven regiments deployed along the borders of Syria, each regiment is responsible for a sector and its units are stationed throughout the positions and facilities. In their work, border guards use light and medium weapons in addition to armored vehicles to monitor and protect land borders. Since 2019, the Border Guard also incorporated many reconciled civilians or ex-rebels. References Border guards 1946 establishments in Syria", "title": "Border Guard Forces (Syria)" }, { "docid": "18013870", "text": "Iran–Iraq relations (Persian: روابط ایران و عراق Ravâbete Irân va Arâq; Arabic: العلاقات العراقية الإيرانية Al-ilaqat Al-Iraqiya Al-Iraniya) are the diplomatic and foreign relations between the two sovereign states of Iran and Iraq. Both states have history that extends for millennia into the past. Iran and Iraq share a long border (the longest border for both nations) and an ancient cultural and religious heritage. In ancient times Iraq formed part of the core of Persia (modern-day Iran) for about a thousand years. Modern relations between the two nations turned increasingly negative following the 14 July Revolution in Iraq in 1958, and subsequent overthrow of the Hashemite Monarchy which resulted in the country withdrawing from the Baghdad Pact. The Ba'ath Party gained power in Iraq in the 1960s, taking a more aggressive stance on border disputes. In the aftermath of the Iranian Revolution in 1979, Saddam Hussein launched an invasion of Iran over border disputes and a desire to gain control of oil-rich areas in Iran's territory. The conflict lasted for eight years and ended in a stalemate. Iran later opposed the American-led coalition against Iraq in 1991. The fall of Saddam Hussein in 2003 and the eventual rise to power by pro-Iranian Shia factions (i.e. Islamic Dawa Party and Islamic Supreme Council of Iraq) led to the normalization of relations between the two countries. Since 2003, Iraq has allowed Shia Muslims from Iran to make the pilgrimage to holy Shia sites in Iraq. In March 2008, Iranian president Mahmoud Ahmadinejad became the first Iranian Head of State to visit Iraq since Iran's 1979 Islamic revolution. Former Iraqi prime minister Nouri al-Maliki has made several state visits to Iran since 2006 and expressed sympathy with Iran over its nuclear energy program. Iran has since become Iraq's largest trading partner. Iran and Iraq are very close allies supporting each other against the Islamic State. The relationship between the two countries is strong in part due to the fact that both governments are dominated by Shi'ite Muslims. Increasing influence of Tehran in Iraqi politics has led to civilians protesting the foreign involvement and presence of Iran-backed militias harassing and attacking citizens. Iran has an embassy in Baghdad and four consulates general in Basra, Sulaymaniyah, Erbil and Karbala. Iraq has an embassy in Tehran and three consulates general in Kermanshah, Ahvaz and Mashhad. On 7 September 2018, Iraqi citizens set the Iranian embassy on fire as a part of a series of protests and arson against the foreign power seen as becoming too influential in local domestic politics. On 27 November 2019, Iraqi protesters burned down the Iranian consulate in Najaf. History Antiquity Akkadian Empire Sargon of Akkad (r. 2334–2279 BC) was an Akkadian king who conquered Sumer and was the reason of moving the power from Southern Mesopotamia (southern Iraq) to central Mesopotamia (central Iraq). Sargon's vast empire is known to have extended from Elam to the Mediterranean sea, including Mesopotamia, parts of modern-day Iran and Syria, and possibly parts of Anatolia and", "title": "Iran–Iraq relations" }, { "docid": "46975552", "text": "The Iraqi–Syrian border is the border between Syria and Iraq and runs for a total length of across Upper Mesopotamia and the Syrian desert, from the tripoint with Jordan in the south-west to the tripoint with Turkey in the north-east. Description The border starts in the west at the tripoint with Jordan at , with the initial section being a continuation of the long straight line that forms the eastern section of the Jordan–Syria border. The boundary then shifts in the vicinity of the Euphrates river and the Al-Qa'im border crossing, proceeding northwards via a series of short straight lines, and then north-eastwards to the Tigris river. The Tigris then forms a short 3-4 mile section of the border up to the Turkish tripoint at the confluence with the Khabur river at . History At the start of the 20th century, the Ottoman Empire controlled what is now Syria and Iraq. During the First World War, an Arab Revolt - supported by Britain - succeeded in removing the Ottomans from most of the Middle East. As a result of the Anglo-French Sykes-Picot Agreement, Britain gained control of the Ottoman vilayets of Mosul, Baghdad and Basra, which it organised into the mandate of Iraq in 1920, with France organising a mandate over Syria. In the period 1920-23 France and Britain signed a series of agreements, collectively known as the Paulet–Newcombe Agreement, which created the modern Jordan-Syria and Iraq–Syria borders, as an amendment to what had been designated the A zone in the Sykes–Picot Agreement. In 1932, it was finalised following a League of Nations commission review. Since the beginning of the 2003 Iraq War, the border region has become unstable, exacerbated since 2011 by the ongoing Syrian Civil War. Most of the border region on both sides was part of the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant (ISIL) for some years, although its northernmost portion remained under Kurdish control, forming the border between Rojava and Iraqi Kurdistan. The Islamic State has since lost control of the border, which is controlled by Rojava and the Syrian government on the Syrian side, and the Kurdistan Regional Government and Iraqi government on the Iraqi side. Border crossings There are three official border crossings between Syria and Iraq, and one makeshift crossing: The Rabia border crossing, on the Al-Shaddadah–Mosul road, is the most northerly official crossing. The Al-Qa'im border crossing between Abu Kamal in Syria and Al Qa'im in Iraq. The crossing was reopened on 30 September 2019, after eight years of closure due to Syrian Civil War and Iraqi Civil War. Since the reopening of the border crossing, the Iranian-backed militia Kata'ib Hezbollah, a group under the Popular Mobilization Units, has played an important military and security role on the Iraqi side of the border. The Al Waleed border crossing, known in Syria as al-Tanf, is located in the Ar-Rutba District of the Al Anbar Governorate, close to the westernmost point of Iraq and the northeasternmost point of Jordan, in the desert Badia", "title": "Iraq–Syria border" }, { "docid": "63895624", "text": "The bilateral relationship between Jordan and Kuwait is considered to be strong, though there are still sporadic tensions. Jordan hosts an embassy in Kuwait City, and Kuwait hosts an embassy in Amman. History Both nations, commonly united by their Arab root following the Arab conquests, and the two countries are also shared history under the Ottoman Empire, therefore, the two countries have a close relationship. The two nations are also strongly monarch countries. The two nations first established tie soon after Kuwait's independence. The former Prime Minister of Jordan, Omar Razzaz, called it an exemplary. Throughout the Iran–Iraq War, Jordan, along with Kuwait, were two main backers of Iraq in the conflict against the Islamic regime in Iran. However, following the Gulf War, began with Iraqi invasions of Kuwait, Jordan had been accused of being silent to the plight of many Kuwaitis, including the royal family of Kuwait, Al-Sabah; nonetheless the Jordanians were able to keep balance in relations. After the end of the Gulf War, Jordan became more critical of Saddam Hussein and more sympathetic to Kuwait. Both two countries showed concerns over the blockade of Qatar during the Qatar diplomatic crisis. Current The two nations, since the end of the Gulf War, have enjoyed a new era of cooperation. In 2019, Jordan and Kuwait signed 15 agreements to boost the cooperation in every field. During the 2022 World Cup qualification, with Jordan and Kuwait share similar group, Jordanian supporters were found to have chanted Saddam Hussein, in reference to the Iraqi dictator who invaded Kuwait at 1990. The Kuwaiti government has criticized the chant, and urged the Jordanian government to investigate. In September 2020, Jordan and the Kuwait Fund for Arab Economic Development (KFAED) signed two development aid agreements worth US$89 million to finance public education, infrastructure and economic reforms in Jordan. Ambassadors The current Jordanian ambassador to Kuwait is Saqr Abu Shatal. The current Kuwaiti ambassador to Jordan is Aziz Dihani. References Kuwait Jordan", "title": "Jordan–Kuwait relations" }, { "docid": "19029909", "text": "Relations between neighbours Iraq and Jordan have historically been close. The two states were created after World War I from former Ottoman dominions by way of a secret bilateral agreement between the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland and the French Third Republic. Several efforts to unify the countries have been pursued over the last century. Jordan has an embassy in Baghdad and Iraq has an embassy in Amman. History As the two original Hashemite monarchies established in Western Asia by Britain following World War I and the collapse of the Ottoman Empire, Jordan and Iraq had initially maintained close relations based on family ties. This ended when the Hashemite royal family in Iraq was overthrown and killed by dissident military officers in the 1958 Iraqi coup d'état. In the years that followed the two régimes became hostile to one another. But by the late 1970s, Jordan and Iraq built a bilateral alliance that lasted through the 1991 Persian Gulf War. In 1979 Iraq initiated contacts aimed at closer alignment at a time when the newly established President Saddam Hussein was seeking Arab allies, perhaps to provide for at least some level of transnational support and inter-Arab legitimacy for his régime. More important for the Jordanians, however, were the economic pay-offs of such an alliance, as Iraq could provide economic support and oil supplies that the kingdom desperately needed. As the new alliance began to solidify in 1980, Saddam Hussein's military forces invaded Iran and Hussein of Jordan immediately backed Iraq against the revolutionary Islamist regime in Iran. The Hashemite government viewed Iran as a potential threat not from military expansion, but as a supporter and living example of Islamist revolutionary militancy against conservative pro-Western monarchies. For King Hussein, Iran was a threat not just to his régime'''s security directly, but also indirectly in so far as it threatened the Persian Gulf Arab monarchies oil which Jordan was partially reliant for aid. Throughout the 1980-88 Iran-Iraq war, Jordan supported Iraq politically and especially economically. Indeed, Jordan's port of Aqaba and its overland trucking routes became Iraq's main supply line throughout the eight years of that war. In return, Jordan received oil from Iraq at prices far below market value. To expand on these political-economic linkages, Jordan helped create the Arab Cooperation Council (ACC) in 1989, in the immediate aftermath of the Iran-Iraq war. The ACC alliance of Jordan, Iraq, Egypt, and Yemen was meant to facilitate capital and labor flows between members while also allowing them to act as a fairly formidable lobbying bloc within inter-Arab politics in their mutual efforts to renegotiate their debt terms with the Persian Gulf Arab monarchies. Despite strenuous Jordanian efforts to prevent it, that alliance evaporated in the heat of the Persian Gulf War. The shift in Iraq–Jordan relations became apparent in August 1995, when Jordan granted political asylum to two Iraqi defectors. King Hussein of Jordan also openly criticized Iraqi policies on national television on 23 August 1995. However, majority of Jordanians", "title": "Iraq–Jordan relations" }, { "docid": "55833665", "text": "Al-Tanf () is a U.S. military base in an American occupied part of the Homs Governorate, Syria. It is located 24km (15 mi) west of the al-Walid border crossing in the Syrian Desert. The surrounding deconfliction zone is located along the Iraq–Syria border and the Jordan–Syria border. The garrison is located along a critical road known as the M2 Baghdad–Damascus Highway. The Rukban refugee camp for internally displaced Syrians is located within the deconfliction zone. A significant United States Armed Forces presence at the outpost began in early 2016 during the American-led intervention in the Syrian civil war in order to train anti-Islamic State fighters of the New Syrian Army armed opposition group, which was dissolved and reemerged as the Revolutionary Commando Army (Maghawir al-Thawra) in December 2016. As of , the Al-Tanf base continues to serve as the headquarters for the Revolutionary Commando Army and a contingent of at least 200 U.S. soldiers operating on behalf of the CJTF-OIR Coalition. Legality The government of Syria deems the U.S. military presence in al-Tanf illegal and \"considers the presence of Turkish and U.S. troops on its territory as an aggression and demands immediate and unconditional withdrawal of foreign forces from its territory.\" The Iranian, Russian, and Chinese governments have publicly supported the Syrian government's position, regularly criticizing the American presence in southeastern Syria. China's foreign minister has called on the United States to \"respect other countries' sovereignty, independence and territorial integrity, immediately end the troops' illegal occupation and plundering in Syria.\" In a February 2018 letter, the U.S. justified its occupation by citing the doctrine of collective self-defense as necessary to defend Iraq, the U.S. itself, and other states from IS and other active terrorist groups. The U.S. has called the al-Tanf base a counter to the Russia–Syria–Iran coalition's residual influence in the area. Later, in November 2019, U.S. President Donald Trump stated that US troops were in Syria \"only for oil\". After the announced withdrawal of U.S. troops from Syria, U.S. National Security Advisor John Bolton said in early 2019 that U.S. operations in the al-Tanf area would continue as a part of the U.S. effort to counter \"Iranian influence\" in Syria. On 28 January 2019, Jordanian Foreign Minister Ayman Safadi ruled out the prospect of Jordanian forces seizing control of al-Tanf after American ground troops leave Syria. \"Al-Tanf is on the other side of the Jordanian border. As I said, Jordan will not cross its border. We will take every measure we have to protect our security...but arrangements on the other side of the border after withdrawal will have to be agreed by all parties, and they have to ensure the safety and security in the area,\" Safadi said. Establishment In May 2015, Islamic State militants captured the border checkpoint at Al-Tanf, thus obtaining control over the full length of the Iraq–Syria border. The U.S.-backed New Syrian Army rebel faction captured the al-Tanf post on the Syrian side of the border in early March 2016, and in early August,", "title": "Al-Tanf" } ]

[ "Saudi Arabia" ]

[ { "docid": "33158759", "text": "\"Ron and Tammys\" is the second episode of the fourth season of the NBC sitcom Parks and Recreation. It originally aired on NBC on September 29, 2011. In the episode, Ron Swanson (Nick Offerman) is confronted by his first ex-wife, Tammy 1 (Patricia Clarkson) who has a malevolent influence on him, and Leslie Knope (Amy Poehler) becomes involved in Ron's personal life. This episode marks the first and only appearance of Ron's mother, Tamara (Paula Pell). It garnered 4.33 million viewers, an increase in viewers from the previous episode's 4.11 million. Plot Leslie (Amy Poehler) is preparing for the \"battle royale\": a big meeting between all departments where they argue over funding. Ron's (Nick Offerman) intimidating presence and libertarian beliefs are pivotal for the parks department to succeed in getting more funds over other departments, but he is too busy preparing for his upcoming tax audit served to him by his first ex-wife, Tammy 1 (Patricia Clarkson). Leslie, Andy Dwyer (Chris Pratt), and April Ludgate (Aubrey Plaza) help Ron but discover he has few actual receipts, just notes of purchase that he wrote himself and photographs of gentlemen's agreements. He does, however, have large amounts of gold that he has buried all over Pawnee. Ron explains that Tammy 1 had been present throughout most of his young life: she delivered him as a baby, was his teacher, and she even took his virginity. However, she was cold and controlling, which forever turned Ron off to blonde women after their divorce. Tammy 1 is horrified at Ron's recordkeeping and demands access to every part of his life for the audit. Tammy 1's strict maternal nature intimidates everyone into following her orders, which impresses April. Over the course of the next week, Tammy 1 moves back in with Ron and assumes complete control over him. Ron shaves off his moustache, becomes outwardly cheerful and friendly, and refuses to do anything without Tammy 1's approval. Leslie needs Ron to be his usual gruff self for the battle royale and confronts Tammy 1 about the audit, which she admits is fake - she decided to take Ron back after learning about all the gold he had. Leslie asks Ron's second ex-wife Tammy 2 (Megan Mullally) for help, who explains that even she is scared of Tammy 1 after Tammy 1 attacked her with acid. They decide to ask Ron's survivalist mother, Tamara (Paula Pell) - nicknamed Tammy, or Tammy 0 - for help and she agrees. Tammy 0 challenges Tammy 1 to a \"prairie drink-off\" of highly alcoholic Swanson family mash liquor, on the condition that Ron will return to the farm forever if she wins. Leslie enters the drinking contest to save Ron from his mother and ex-wife, but the liquor immediately makes her too drunk to continue. Ron, finally fed up over people controlling him, drinks the entire contents of the jug and tells both Tammys to leave him alone. In a subplot, Tom Haverford (Aziz Ansari) asks Ben Wyatt (Adam Scott)", "title": "Ron and Tammys" }, { "docid": "33158731", "text": "\"I'm Leslie Knope\" is the first episode of the fourth season of the American comedy television series Parks and Recreation, and the 47th overall episode of the series. It originally aired on NBC in the United States on September 22, 2011. In the episode, Leslie Knope (Amy Poehler) faces trouble telling Ben Wyatt (Adam Scott) that she is running for public office, which will cause them to have to end their secret relationship. Meanwhile, Ron braces himself for the arrival of his first ex-wife, \"Tammy I\". Written by Dan Goor and directed by Troy Miller, the episode marks the beginning of Leslie Knope's campaign for public office. During the episode, Andy Dwyer (Chris Pratt) is given a promotion and becomes Leslie's campaign assistant. The episode featured the first appearance by guest star Patricia Clarkson as Ron's first ex-wife Tammy, who appeared in a multi-episode arc. According to Nielsen Media Research, \"I'm Leslie Knope\" was seen by 4.11 million households in the 18 to 49 age demographic. It received generally positive reviews, with commentators highlighting the characteristic developments and the effectiveness of the plot involving Leslie's city council campaign. Plot Taking place later the same night as last season's finale, Leslie (Amy Poehler) tells Ann (Rashida Jones) that she was approached by William (Johnny Sneed) and Elizabeth (Antonia Raftu), political scouts who recommended that she run for higher office. Leslie is conflicted about running due to her romantic relationship with Ben (Adam Scott), which would cause a possible scandal since he is Assistant City Manager. Meanwhile, upon learning that his first ex-wife Tammy (Patricia Clarkson) has arrived in town, Ron (Nick Offerman) grabs an emergency survival bag and flees to live in the wilderness for 180 days. Picking up three weeks later, an e-mail with a picture of a man's genitals is sent to all of the female employees. While Chris (Rob Lowe) and Ben investigate, Leslie is sent to do damage control by having a televised interview with reporter Perd Hapley. The interview goes so well that the scouts decide to have Leslie announce her candidacy for city council that Friday, rather than their original plan of three months later. Leslie panics because she had been putting off ending things with Ben, and she panics further when Ben presents her with a gift during a dinner, causing her to also flee to the wilderness to hide out with Ron. Tom (Aziz Ansari) visits the parks department with promotional material from his new job at Entertainment 720, where he works with Jean-Ralphio (Ben Schwartz), but not even he is sure what Entertainment 720 does. He offers Andy (Chris Pratt) a job, but Andy turns him down, unsure of where to go with his life. Ann informs Chris that the genitals in the picture show symptoms of mumps. Chris and Ben discover that Joe (Kirk Fox) from the sewage department sent the e-mail and fire him, and Chris announces Ann's discovery to everyone. This prompts male employees to e-mail Ann pictures of", "title": "I'm Leslie Knope" } ]

[ { "docid": "33650981", "text": "The New Zealand women's national rugby league team, also known as the Kiwi Ferns or New Zealand Kiwi Ferns, represents New Zealand in Women's rugby league. They are administered by the New Zealand Rugby League. New Zealand won the Women's Rugby League World Cup in 2000, 2003 and 2008. Head to Head Records Notes: Table last updated 29 October 2023. Share is the portion of \"For\" points compared to the sum of \"For\" and \"Against\" points. Current squad The Kiwi Ferns squad for the 2023 Pacific Championships was announced on 4 October 2023. Players' ages are as at the date that the table was last updated, 28 October 2023. Notes Other Reps Māori All Stars New South Wales NSW City NRL All Stars Australian Prime Minister's XIII Coaches Also see :Category:New Zealand women's national rugby league team coaches. Janie Thompson 1995-1997 Tony Lajpold 1998-1999 Michael Rawiri 2000- Stan Martin 2008 Tony Benson 2017-2018 Justin Morgan 2018-2020 Ricky Henry 2020–present The current coach of the New Zealand team is Ricky Henry, who replaced Justin Morgan in 2020. Morgan had been the coach since 2018. Results Full internationals Nines History 1990s The Kiwi Ferns were formed in 1995. 1995 Inaugural Kiwi Ferns Team Kaylene Ihaia Nadene Conlon Lynley Tierney Juanita Hall (c) Karroll Brent-Edmonson Eileen Rankin Laura Waretini Rachel White Tania Martin Wendy Cunningham Debbie Syme Maria Auega Sara White Leah Witehira Michelle Driscoll Zavana Aranga Nicole Presland Luisa Avaiki Megan Tahapeehi Sharlene Hannah Tammi Wilson Therese Mangos Eva Epiha Golly Baker Coach: Janie Thompson Managers: Ollie Karu and Yvonne Hiko and Maia Le Cheminant Touring Australia in June and July 1995, the team won all seven games that they played. Two of the games were full internationals against Australia. The First Test Match was held on 1 July 1995 at Lidcombe Oval in Sydney. New Zealand 18 (Maira Auega, Leah Witehira, Debbie Syme, Luisa Avaiki tries; Zavana Aranga goal) defeated Australia 14 (Natalie Dwyer, Julie McGuffie, Sherrilee Moulds tries; Sherrilee Moulds goal). The Second Test was held on 8 July 1995 at Hawker Oval in Canberra. New Zealand 14 (Tammi Wilson, Leah Witehira, Laura Waretine tries; Laura Waretine goal) defeated Australia 6 (Katrina Fanning try, Sherrilee Moulds goal). Other matches on the tour were played against the following teams: NSW President's XIII on 27 June at North Sydney Oval. New Zealand won 16–6. Sydney at Ringrose Park, Wentworthville. New Zealand 26 defeated Sydney 4. Australian Capital Territory on 6 July at Freebody Oval, Queanbeyan. New Zealand 48 defeated A.C.T. nil. Queensland at Davies Park, Brisbane Queensland at Seagulls Stadium 1997 Kiwi Ferns Team Kaylene Ihaia Lemelle Lauaki Mate Lefale Priscilla Moke Luisa Avaiki Christine Moir Lynley Tierney Nadene Conlon (VC) Zavana Aranga (C) Rachel White Tracy Wrigley Trish Hina Michelle Driscoll Megan Tahapeehi Nicole Presland Mere Miki Selena Edmonds Cherie Steel Coach: Janie Thomson Managers: Diane Pakai, Robin Thompson Trainer: Eileen Rankin New Zealand hosted Australia. New Zealand won both International Test games to remain undefeated for 4 Tests in a", "title": "New Zealand women's national rugby league team" }, { "docid": "30990284", "text": "Kim Dawn Schneider (born August 21, 1984) is a Canadian curler. She currently plays third on Team Amber Holland. Career Juniors Born in Regina, Saskatchewan, Schneider grew up in the small village of Kronau, Saskatchewan outside of Regina. She and her sister and teammate Tammy were the daughters of 1990 provincial champion lead Larry Schneider. In 2003 and 2004, Schneider played in the Saskatchewan junior championships, but never won. 2005–2012 After juniors, Schneider teamed up with Amber Holland, along with her sister Tammy Schneider and Heather Kalenchuk. In 2008, the team won their only Grand Slam event, the 2008 Players' Championships. In 2009 the team would earn a spot in the Canadian Olympic Curling Trials, after defeating Marie-France Larouche in the C Qualifier. The team would finish round robin with a 4-3 record, tied for third place. They would lose the second tiebreaker to Krista McCarville in an extra end. Together the team played in their first Saskatchewan Scotties Tournament of Hearts in 2008 and again in 2009. They would not find success until the 2010 Saskatchewan Scotties Tournament of Hearts, when they would finally break through and represent Saskatchewan at the 2010 Scotties Tournament of Hearts. They would miss the playoffs, finishing with a 6–5 record. The team would repeat as Saskatchewan champions in 2011. At the 2011 Scotties Tournament of Hearts, the team would finish round robin first with a 9–2 and advance to the playoffs. They would lose the 1-2 game to team Canada, before winning the semi-final, over team Ontario. In the final, they would again face team Canada (Jennifer Jones), and this time would come out victorious, stealing the win in the 10th end, winning the Canadian Championship. This was the first time since 1997, that a team from Saskatchewan would win the National Championship. Together the team would win a silver medal at the 2011 Capital One World Women's Curling Championship. Returning to the Scotties in 2012, the team was looking to repeat and win their second Canadian Championship, however they would finish the tournament with a disappointing 6–5 round robin record, failing to reach the playoffs. This was the first time since 2008, Team Canada did not reach the playoffs. After seven years of playing with her Canadian Championship winning team, Holland announced that she would leave her squad. Holland told her team she wants to go in another direction. Heather Kalenchuk has since decided to step away from the game for a few years, leaving Kim and her sister Tammy Schneider pondering their curling future. This departure by Holland left the four players ineligible for $72,000 worth of federal funding earned from winning the 2011 Scotties Tournament of Hearts, and they will forfeit their spot earned in the Olympic Curling Pre-Trials. 2012–current Following the breakup of the Holland team, Schneider would team up with Deanna Doig, playing third for a new squad consisting of Colleen Ackerman and Michelle McIvor. Personal life Schneider is a recreation therapist with Hopes home. References Sources Extra", "title": "Kim Schneider" }, { "docid": "27444757", "text": "Tammy and the T-Rex is a 1994 American science fiction comedy film directed by Stewart Raffill and written by Raffill and Gary Brockette. The film, which stars Terry Kiser, Ellen Dubin, Denise Richards, Paul Walker, George Pilgrim, and John Franklin, centers around a high school student named Tammy, whose boyfriend Michael has his brain implanted in the body of a robotic Tyrannosaurus rex by a mad scientist. Tammy and the T-Rex in its entirety was featured in the video game High on Life (2022). Plot Tammy is at cheerleader practice, and her new boyfriend Michael walks in from football practice to observe. They meet Byron, Tammy's gay friend, who approves of Michael as her new boyfriend. Shortly thereafter, Tammy's violent and jealous ex-boyfriend Billy arrives with his gang and harasses Michael; a fight erupts between the two. The police arrive to break up the fight and take Billy into custody, but Tammy, unable to deal with the events, breaks down and runs away in tears. The scene then cuts to a figure of a Tyrannosaurus rex in a dark warehouse as two people, Dr. Wachenstein and his assistant Helga, walk through the doors. The lights come on and the Tyrannosaurus rex figure begins to move, being controlled by someone in a room. The Doctor is impressed by the robotic dinosaur's strength and reveals his plan to implant a living human brain into the robot to give it consciousness, mobility and \"immortality\". Later that night, Michael sneaks out to see Tammy. They are soon interrupted by Billy and his thugs, who chase and catch Michael. They throw him into the wild animal park where lions and jaguars run loose. A lion mauls Michael and he is left in a comatose state. He is brought to a hospital where his intoxicated uncle watches over him. Dr. Wachenstein and Helga declare Michael dead, so that they can use his brain to control their robotic Tyrannosaurus rex. After his brain is implanted, Michael escapes and wreaks vengeance on his high school tormentors and is reunited with his sweetheart Tammy. She realizes that the dinosaur is Michael and begins a search to find a more suitable body for him. Dr. Wachenstein is in hot pursuit of his monstrous creation, which leads to a chase that ends with Michael killing the doctor. Police officers open fire and destroy the mechanical dinosaur. Tammy manages to recover Michael's brain. She takes it home with her and hooks it up to her computer, speakers, and video camera. This is temporary until they find a new body for him. Through the set-up, Michael is able to speak and see, which allows him to view Tammy performing a striptease. This causes the brain hookups to spark. Cast Denise Richards – Tanny/Tammy Paul Walker – Michael Brock Theo Forsett – Byron Black George Pilgrim – Billy Terry Kiser – Dr. Gunther Wachenstein Ellen Dubin – Helga (Dr. Wachenstein's female assistant) Buck Flower – Norville Ken Carpenter – Neville Sean Whalen – Weasel", "title": "Tammy and the T-Rex" }, { "docid": "23451645", "text": "Robert Wilson Crawford (April 11, 1906 – April 11, 1995) was an American pioneer of public park policy and served in the park and recreation field for over forty years. As the \"Commissioner of Recreation\" in Philadelphia, he established a national model for the local government’s provision of recreational services for all citizens, and his methods have been copied in cities nationwide. Crawford was instrumental in establishing them as recreational areas for beneficial activities for the community. Crawford was President of the National Recreation and Park Association and a life member of its trustees' board. He was the co-founder and former executive director of the National Recreation Foundation. Philadelphia's recreational facilities grew from 94 to 815 under Crawford's leadership. He is credited with developing programs for the elderly, preschoolers, and the handicapped. Early life and education Crawford was born in Maryland on April 11, 1906, and raised in Iowa. Crawford graduated from Des Moines University with a Bachelor of Science degree in 1929. He also attended New York University, where he received his master's degree. He graduated from the National Recreation School in New York City. Career In 1934, Crawford began his career with a job as Director of Recreation for Hastings-on-Hudson, New York. In 1946, Crawford became superintendent of recreation in Oakland, California, for five years before moving to Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, in 1952. His first position there was recreation administrator, and later, he served as Commissioner of Recreation from 1952 until 1981. He was also the President of the Fairmount Park Commission. As the Commissioner of Recreation, Crawford established a national model for the local government’s provision of recreational services for all citizens. Under his leadership, parks in the city added trails for hikers, basketball courts for people who used wheelchairs, and exercise programs based in community centers for the elderly. He also set up advisory groups to identify the recreational needs in specific neighborhoods. When he first came to Philadelphia in 1952, the city had 95 recreational areas. By the time he left, it had 815, including parks, playgrounds, swimming pools, and community centers. Crawford worked in Philadelphia for 29 years. Much of Crawford's career was spent lobbying government officials to increase the number of parks and recreational programs. As Executive Director, he played a key role in the development and growth of the National Recreation Foundation. Crawford conceived the Recreation and Park Hall of Fame in 1987, while serving as Executive Director of the National Recreation Foundation. Crawford retired on July 1, 1981. Philadelphia Mayor William Green praised him, saying, \"If recreation were baseball, he would be a Babe Ruth or a Hank Aaron. If recreation were boxing, he would be a Joe Louis or Jack Dempsey.\" He stated that no one would be able to take Crawford's place after he left. Temple University Libraries holds a collection of his professional papers where he held an Honorary Degree of Doctor of Public Service. He also held an Honorary Degree of Doctor of Law from Grinnell College. The", "title": "Robert Wilson Crawford" }, { "docid": "32245294", "text": "Veor Rugby Football Club is a Cornish and English rugby union football club based in Camborne, Cornwall. The club, founded in 1966, play in amber and black at the Holmans Sports Centre. They are one of two teams in the town, along with illustrious neighbours, Camborne RFC. They currently play in Cornwall/Devon - a league at level 8 of the English rugby union system - following their promotion as champions of Cornwall 1 at the end of the 2018–19 season. History With the advent of the league rugby union in 1987 Veor were placed in Cornwall 2 – a basement league ranked at level 10 of the English rugby union system – which they promptly won in their first season. This early success was replicated the next season when they won the Cornwall Clubs Cup (then known as the Knockout Plate) for the first time in their history. During the 1990s the club continued to build, achieving another promotion to reach the Cornwall/Devon League. Although they managed to remain at level 8 for several more year, Veor had to withdraw from Cornwall/Devon during the 1998-99 season, and were automatically relegated two levels down to Cornwall 2. After struggling in Cornwall 2 at the start of the 21st century, Veor has started to move up the leagues once more, returning to the Cornwall/Devon League several times but being able to remain at level 8 for longer than a season on each occasion. In 2014–15 Veor were second in Tribute Cornwall 1, an English level nine league in the England rugby union structure. They played the runner-up from Tribute Devon 1 for a place in Tribute Cornwall/Devon League. By the end of the season, Veor won the CRFU Cornwall Clubs Cup for the third time in their history beating local rivals Lanner 10 – 7 in the final held at St Clement's in Truro. After five seasons in Cornwall 1, Veor won the 2018-19 league championship and promotion back to Tribute Cornwall/Devon. Ground Since 2016 Veor have played home games at the Memorial Ground, just off Boundervean Lane on the outskirts of Camborne. The Memorial Ground is also occupied by Camborne RFC who play their 1st XV fixtures nearby at the much larger Recreation Ground. Previously Veor had played at Wheal Gerry (also in Camborne) where had been based for 60 years but had to move after being given notice to leave. Thankfully for Veor they were given the opportunity to share the Memorial Ground with Camborne RFC. Facilities at the ground are fairly basic with standing space for at least 500 spectators, although more are possible with limited viewing. Parking is also non-existent on the country lane nearby, although the ground is five minutes or less walk from the Recreation Ground where easier parking can be made nearby and Camborne RFC have also made the Crane Park clubhouse available for team players and supporters. Season summary Honours Cornwall League 2 champions (2): 1987–88, 2008–09 Cornwall Clubs Cup winners (3): 1989–90, 2012–13,", "title": "Veor RFC" }, { "docid": "2067959", "text": "This is a list of notable events in country music that took place in 1969. Events January 4 – Dolly Parton becomes a member of The Grand Ole Opry. January 29 – The Glen Campbell Goodtime Hour premieres on CBS, for what will be a three-year run. February 16 – George Jones and Tammy Wynette marry in Ringgold, Georgia, after telling others that their marriage was in August 1968. They quickly earn the titles such as \"The First Couple of Country Music\", \"Country's Sweethearts\" and \"The President and First Lady\". February 24 – Johnny Cash records his second live album behind prison walls in as many years at San Quentin State Prison. The resulting album is At San Quentin, and contains his hit \"A Boy Named Sue.\" The concert is also taped for television broadcast. June 7 – The Johnny Cash Show premieres on ABC; the series will run through 1971. June 15 – The summer replacement series Hee Haw airs for the first time on CBS. The first guests to Kornfield Kounty – for what will be a 23-year run, the bulk of which will be in syndication – are Charley Pride and Loretta Lynn. October – The Country Music Association airs its awards program live for the first time (the previous year's ceremony was taped, with the show airing a few weeks later). The annual awards show — at the time airing in October on NBC – quickly becomes one of country music's most eagerly anticipated events of the year. No dates Tammy Wynette, who during the year becomes a member of the Grand Ole Opry, becomes the first female country artist to sell over one million copies of a single recording with her Tammy's Greatest Hits collection. Top hits of the year Number-one hits United States (as certified by Billboard) Notes 1^ No. 1 song of the year, as determined by Billboard. A^ First Billboard No. 1 hit for that artist. B^ Last Billboard No. 1 hit for that artist. Canada (as certified by RPM) Notes 2^ Song dropped from No. 1 and later returned to top spot. A^ First RPM No. 1 hit for that artist. B^ Last RPM No. 1 hit for that artist. C^ Only RPM No. 1 hit for that artist. Other major hits Singles released by American artists Singles released by Canadian artists Top new album releases Births January 3 – Nikki Nelson, female lead vocalist of the band Highway 101 (on and off since the early 1990s). March 28 – Rodney Atkins, singer-songwriter since the mid to late 2000s (decade). March 29 – Brady Seals, singer, keyboardist and member of Little Texas from 1988 to 1994. April 20 – Wade Hayes, honky tonk-styled singer of the mid-to-late 1990s. August 19 – Clay Walker, neotraditionalist who began enjoying hits in the mid-1990s. September 28 – Karen Fairchild, member of Little Big Town. October 12 – Martie Maguire, member of the Dixie Chicks (she plays the fiddle, mandolin and viola). October 13 –", "title": "1969 in country music" }, { "docid": "1607984", "text": "Greg Marius Court at Holcombe Rucker Park is a basketball court at the border of Harlem and the Coogan's Bluff section of Washington Heights neighborhoods of Manhattan, at 155th Street and Frederick Douglass Boulevard, just east of the former Polo Grounds site. It is geographically at the base of a large cliff named Coogan's Bluff. Many who have played at the park in the Entertainer's Basketball Classic (also known as the Rucker Tournament) achieved a level of fame for their abilities, and several have gone on to play in the National Basketball Association (NBA). History The park was established in 1956 next to 156; the school closed in 1981. The land that the park is on was once the site of the 8th Avenue Railroad Company. Since 1974, the park has been named after Holcombe Rucker, a local teacher and a playground director for the New York City Department of Parks and Recreation. Rucker started a basketball tournament in 1950 in order to help less-fortunate kids stay off the streets and aim for college careers. The players in the Rucker Tournament featured slam dunks, crossover dribbles, and bravado that excited the crowd, a playing style then foreign to the National Basketball Association (NBA). In June 2017, New York City mayor Bill de Blasio dedicated the court to Greg Marius, founder of the Entertainer's Basketball Classic streetball tournament held at the park. The park underwent $520,000 in renovations between August and October 2021, funded in part by the National Basketball Players Association and New York City Department of Parks and Recreation. In addition to the basketball court, the park has a baseball field, handball courts, children's playground, bathrooms, and a spray shower. Rucker Park was featured in the TNT television film On Hallowed Ground: Streetball Champions of Rucker Park, which aired in 2000 and won a Sports Emmy Award. It was also featured in the 2018 film Uncle Drew. In 2022, Rucker Park became the first outdoor venue for The Basketball Tournament, a single-elimination winner-take-all tournament with a $1 million prize, acting as one of eight regional venues of the competition. Notable players Although many professional basketball players have played at the court after gaining prominence, many others developed their basketball skills at Rucker prior to becoming notable in the sport. Notable players who have played at Rucker Park include: Kareem Abdul-Jabbar Rafer Alston Kenny Anderson Nate Archibald Metta Sandiford-Artest Sylvester Blye Wilt Chamberlain Julius \"Dr. J\" Erving Miles Aiken Connie Hawkins \"Jumpin\" Jackie Jackson Stephon Marbury Jamal Mashburn Earl Monroe Chris Mullin Satch Sanders Kevin Durant Brian Taylor Sebastian Telfair Jamaal Tinsley Kobe Bryant Other amateur players who made a name for themselves at Rucker but never played in the ABA or NBA included Earl Manigault, Joe Hammond and Pee Wee Kirkland. References External links Court profile of Rucker Park basketball court Photo gallery: Hopefuls Tryout for Rucker Park Basketball Tournament AND1 Parks in Manhattan Basketball venues in New York City Harlem Streetball Sports venues in Manhattan Protected areas established", "title": "Rucker Park" }, { "docid": "42907279", "text": "Papa () is a 2012 South Korean comedy-drama film written and directed by Han Ji-seung. Park Yong-woo stars as a talent manager who persuades his step-daughter from a contract marriage, played by Go Ara, to audition for a reality TV show in the United States. Go Ara was nominated for Best New Actress at the 48th Baeksang Arts Awards, the 21st Buil Film Awards, and the 33rd Blue Dragon Film Awards in 2012. Plot Choon-sub (Park Yong-woo) is a talent manager from South Korea who flies to America to chase after his client who ran away with another manager. He soon learns that she is with child and would be unable to pursue her career. To avoid returning to Korea and face his boss, he gets a residency permit through a contract marriage with a Korean-American woman. When his wife dies in a car accident, he is left with her 6 children, all of different races, from her previous marriages. He discovers that the eldest daughter, June (Go Ara), is a talented singer and dancer. Now in need of money, he convinces her to take part in a reality TV show contest. Because the children need Choon-sub to keep the family together and not be relocated to different homes, June agrees. Cast Park Yong-woo as Choon-sub Go Ara as June Son Byong-ho as Company president Do Michael Anthony McMillan as Gordon Meg DeLacy as Maya Parker Townsend as Jimmy Peyton Townsend as Tammy Angela Azar as Rosie Yoon Seung-hoon as Yang-moo Matthew Eldridge Sharyn Shields as Phoebe, of the Children's Bureau Jeremiah Hobbs as Phoebe's subordinate Leland L. Jones as Immigration agent Albert Lee as Immigration agent Jae Park Shawl as Mr. Do's subordinate 1 Yeon Seung-joo as Mr. Do's subordinate 2 Chase Steven Anderson as Audition coordinator Justene Alpert as Rosie, 10 years later Lee Gyu-seop as Waiter 1 Paul Stafford as Auditioner Michael Beasley as Coordinator Holly Britt as Talent judge Sherrie Billings as Nurse Montrel Miller as Soldier #2 Seo Tae-hwa as Department head Seo (cameo) Shim Hye-jin as Mi-young (cameo) Daniel Henney as Daniel, music producer (cameo) Park Sang-cheol as himself (cameo) Jiyul as Mila (cameo) Julian Quintart (cameo) References External links 2012 films South Korean comedy-drama films Films set in Atlanta Films set in Seoul Films shot in Seoul Films shot in Atlanta 2010s South Korean films", "title": "Papa (2012 South Korean film)" }, { "docid": "62882006", "text": "Modern disc golf started in the early 1960s, but there is debate over who came up with the idea first. The consensus is that multiple groups of people played independently throughout the 1960s. Students at Rice University in Houston, Texas, for example, held tournaments with trees as targets as early as 1964, and in the early 1960s, players in Pendleton King Park in Augusta, Georgia would toss Frisbees into 50-gallon barrel trash cans designated as targets. In 1968 Frisbee Golf was also played in Alameda Park in Santa Barbara, California by teenagers in the Anacapa and Sola street areas. Gazebos, water fountains, lamp posts, and trees were all part of the course. This took place for several years and an Alameda Park collectors edition disc still exists, though rare, as few were made. Clifford Towne from this group went on to hold a National Time Aloft record. Early pioneers of the sport Two early coordinators of the sport are George Sappenfield and Kevin Donnelly, who, through similar backgrounds and the help of Ed Headrick at Wham-O, were able to individually spread the sport in their California cities. Donnelly began playing a form of Frisbee golf in 1959 called Street Frisbee Golf. In 1961, while a recreation leader and then recreation supervisor for the City of Newport Beach, California, he formulated and then began organizing Frisbee golf tournaments at nine of the city's playgrounds he supervised. This culminated in 1965 with a fully documented, Wham-O sponsored, citywide Frisbee golf tournament spearheaded by \"Steady\" Ed Headrick at Wham-O. This highly publicized tournament included hula hoops as holes, with published rules, hole lengths, pars, and prizes; an event in which Walter Frederick Morrison, inventor of the Pluto Platter and Frisbee inventor \"Steady\"' Ed Headrick, was in attendance. In 1965, Sappenfield was a recreation counselor during a summer break from college during which, he set up an object course for his children to play on. When he finished college in 1968, Sappenfield became the Parks and Recreation supervisor for Conejo Recreation and Park District in Thousand Oaks, California. Sappenfield planned a disc golf tournament as part of a recreation project and contacted Wham-O Manufacturing to ask them for help with the event. Wham-O supplied Frisbees for throwing, and hula hoops for use as targets. Before 1973 and the invention of the disc golf target called the disc pole hole, there were only a few disc golf object courses in the U.S. and Canada. Despite having never heard of the International Frisbee Association (IFA) that Ed Headrick and Wham-O had put together, or ever seeing a copy of the IFA Newsletter, Jim Palmeri, his brother, and a small group of people from Rochester, NY, had been playing disc golf as a competitive sport on a regular basis since August 1970, including tournaments and weekly league play. By 1973, they had even promoted two City of Rochester Disc Frisbee Championship events which featured disc golf as the main event. In Canada, beginning in 1970, Ken Westerfield", "title": "History of disc golf" }, { "docid": "30855169", "text": "Clubbing (also known as club culture, related to raving) is the activity of visiting and gathering socially at nightclubs (discotheques, discos or just clubs) and festivals. That includes socializing, listening to music, dancing, drinking alcohol and using recreational drugs. It is often done to hear new music on larger, high-end audio systems than one would usually have in one's home, or for socializing and meeting new people. Clubbing and raves have historically referred to grass-roots organized, anti-establishment and unlicensed all night dance parties, typically featuring electronically produced dance music, such as techno, house, trance and drum and bass. Music Club music varies from a wide range of electronic dance music (EDM), which is a form of electronic music, such as house (and especially Deep house), techno, drum and bass, hip hop, electro, trance, funk, breakbeat, dubstep, disco. Music is usually performed by DJs who are playing tunes on turntables, CD players or laptops, using different additional techniques to express themselves such as beat juggling, scratching, beatmatching, needle drop, back spinning, phrasing and other tricks and gigs, depending on the type of music they are playing. They can mix two or more prerecorded tunes at the same time, or sometimes music is performed as a live act by musicians who play the sounds over a basic matrix, sometimes combined with a VJing performance. History Clubbing was rooted in the disco wave of the 1970s, and developed in the American club scene in Chicago, New York and Detroit. It was initially predominantly popular with gay, black Americans, due to the social exclusion they had faced elsewhere. Mixing pre-existing musical styles to create their own, and combining this with newly available recreational drugs like MDMA, created a sense of hedonism and escape, and the formation of a community. Other more mainstream clubs and DJs began to adopt the music, styles and drugs of the scene, which expanded the audience beyond the original black gay community. The subculture took shape in the late 1980s and early 1990s at underground rave parties in the U.S. and London (Reynolds 1998). A particular contributor to this in the UK was the Ibiza club scene, through which British tourists were exposed to the twelve hour clubbing cycle. Numerous social changes have, however, occurred since then to transform this subculture into a mainstream movement, youth-oriented lifestyle and global activity (see Bennett 2001, Reynolds 1998; Hill 2002) From the beginning, clubbing, while it was more rave subculture, has involved mostly younger people between 16 and 25 years of age. A subculture emerged around raves, featuring an ethos of peace, love, unity, and respect (the PLUR doctrine), rooted in community and empathy for others (Hill 2002; Hutson 2000; Reynolds 1998). Today, however, Tammy L. Anderson says, the rave scene has given way to a more nightclub-based electronic dance music (EDM) scene featuring an older (18– 35 years of age) crowd which very much involves the consumption of alcohol. See also Studio 54 References Nightclubs DJing Electronic dance music Drug culture Drinking", "title": "Clubbing (subculture)" }, { "docid": "30825716", "text": "\"Ron & Tammy: Part Two\" (sometimes referred to as \"Ron and Tammy II\") is the fourth episode of the third season of the American comedy television series Parks and Recreation, and the 34th overall episode of the series. It originally aired on NBC in the United States on February 10, 2011. In the episode, Tom tries to make Ron jealous by dating Ron's ex-wife Tammy, causing the two to resume their unhealthy and destructive relationship. Meanwhile, Leslie and Ben ask the police to provide security for the harvest festival, and April is assigned to be Chris's secretary. Written by Emily Kapnek and directed by Tucker Gates, the episode is considered a sequel to the second season episode \"Ron and Tammy\". Megan Mullally, the real-life wife of actor Nick Offerman, reprises her role as Tammy. Mullally and Offerman were permitted a great deal of improvisation during their scenes, the both of them admitting in the audio commentary that their graphically intimate scenes together actually made other cast members uncomfortable. \"Ron & Tammy: Part Two\" also features guest appearances by Eric Pierpoint as Pawnee Police Chief Trumple and Jama Williamson in the last of several guest performances as Tom's ex-wife, Wendy. When the episode first broadcast, NBC ran a commercial advertising \"April and Andy's wedding registry\" on the official Parks and Recreation website. Although apparently a mistake intended to refer to Ron and Tammy's registry, some commentators suggested it could be indicative of future events in the series. According to Nielsen Media Research, \"Ron & Tammy: Part Two\" was seen by 5.03 million household viewers, a slight increase from the previous episode, \"Time Capsule\". It received critical acclaim, with several commentators praising the re-pairing of Ron and Tammy, as well as Nick Offerman's performance. Plot Ron's (Nick Offerman) ex-wife Tammy (Megan Mullally) continues her efforts to sabotage his life, but the normally susceptible Ron easily resists her seductions because he is now in a solid relationship with Tom's (Aziz Ansari) ex-wife Wendy (Jama Williamson), much to Tom's jealousy. Later, however, Wendy tells Ron that she plans to move back to Canada to look after her aging parents; since Ron is unwilling to go with her, they break up. Meanwhile, Leslie (Amy Poehler) and the parks department throw a party for the Pawnee police department, where they hope to ask them to provide security for the upcoming Harvest Festival. During the party, Ben (Adam Scott) awkwardly fails to get Chief Trumple's (Eric Pierpoint) favor. Tom, unaware of Ron and Wendy's breakup, arrives at the party with Tammy to make him jealous. After bickering loudly, Ron and Tammy both decide to leave the party together to talk and try to make amends. However, a night filled with drunken sex and mayhem ensues, ending with the two getting remarried and ending up in jail. After getting Ron released, the parks department holds an intervention for him about Tammy, even playing a previously recorded tape of Ron warning himself to stay away from her. Ron ignores", "title": "Ron & Tammy: Part Two" }, { "docid": "6436983", "text": "Recreation Park is the name of two different former baseball grounds located in Columbus, Ohio, USA. Recreation Park I was located on the south side of Mound Street and the east side of Parsons Avenue. This was the home field for the Columbus Buckeyes of the American Association for the 1883 and 1884 seasons. The site is currently occupied by ramps for Interstate Highway 70. Recreation Park II was located in the Schumacher Place neighborhood, and was bound by Schiller (now East Whittier) Street to the south (third base); Jaeger Street to the west (other sources say 5th Street, which is one block farther west); Ebner Street to the east (first base); and East Kossuth Street to the north (right field). This was the home field for the Columbus Solons of the American Association from 1889 through 1891. The bulk of the site is now occupied by a Giant Eagle and is bisected by South Grant Avenue. The remaining parts of the original large block are residences. On November 1, 1890 the Ohio State University football team played their first home game at Recreation Park (II). A historical marker was put up at the former site of the field on October 20, 2006 to commemorate the first Ohio State home game, a 64–0 loss to Wooster. References External links Recreation Park II on 1891 Sanborn map Ohio State Buckeyes football venues Defunct baseball venues in the United States Sports venues in Columbus, Ohio Baseball venues in Ohio Defunct sports venues in Ohio", "title": "Recreation Park (Columbus)" }, { "docid": "36634196", "text": "Meeting Evil is a 2012 American mystery thriller film directed by Chris Fisher. It is based on the 1992 novel Meeting Evil by Thomas Berger. It stars Samuel L. Jackson and Luke Wilson. Plot John Felton, who lives in Orly County in an unnamed southern state (probably, Louisiana), has a wife named Joanie, and two kids named Sam and John Jr.. John is a mild-mannered real estate agent who has just been fired, making his personal crisis go from bad to worse. John comes home and finds a foreclosure notice on the front door, and goes inside to a surprise birthday party thrown by Joanie and the kids. The foreclosure notice makes John angry, so Joanie takes the kids to a local park. Felton is in the backyard, staring at the hole that's being dug for the swimming pool he is having installed and notices that the job is going slowly. John standing near the pit thinking about suicide. There is an incessant banging on the front door. John answers, and it's a man who calls himself Richie. Wearing a suit and fedora, Richie says his car, a 1972 Pontiac GTO stalled and requires a push. As John pushes the car from the back while Richie steers, the car backfires, injuring John's left knee. Richie opens the trunk of his car and approaches John concealing a revolver behind his back but hides it when he sees a little girl walking her dog. Richie offers to take John to the hospital, and he reluctantly accepts, not realizing that he's leaving his wallet and cell phone behind at the house. On the way, John wonders about Richie's strange behavior—Richie is continuously \"whistling Dixie\"—and then Richie stops at a bar. John goes across the street to a cell phone dealership, where Rhonda, a clerk with a severe attitude problem, rudely denies him the use of a phone to call Joanie for a ride home. At the bar, John crosses paths with Trevor, the man who fired him, and Tammy Strate, the woman with whom he had his affair. Tammy was Trevor's girlfriend before she left Trevor to be with John, and this is hinted as why he was fired. A few minutes later, police cars start showing up, and Richie suggests that he and John leave. They leave with Tammy in her car, and once they get out onto a remote part of the road, a trucker harasses them and forces them to pull over. The trucker is Rhonda's boyfriend, angry that Rhonda has been killed, and he thinks John did it. John gets out of the car, and the trucker approaches him with a tire iron. Suddenly, Richie hits the trucker with the car, killing the trucker. It turns out that Richie, who killed Rhonda, is a murderous psychopath. Local cops Frank and Latisha think John is the killer. John realizes that this was not the day to play good samaritan. He and Tammy are in for a violent ride that they", "title": "Meeting Evil" }, { "docid": "21882426", "text": "\"The Ring\" is the thirteenth season premiere of the American animated television series South Park. The 182nd overall episode of the series, it first aired on Comedy Central in the United States on March 11, 2009. In the episode, Kenny and his new girlfriend are encouraged by the Jonas Brothers to wear purity rings, which is secretly a marketing tactic by Disney to sell sex to young girls. The episode was written and directed by series co-founder Trey Parker and is rated TV-MA-L in the United States. It was the first South Park episode to premiere in 16:9 and high definition. Parker and Stone were not very familiar with the Jonas Brothers before they wrote \"The Ring\", which was inspired by the recent release of Jonas Brothers: The 3D Concert Experience. The two argued over whether to open the season with this episode or an episode focusing on the economic recession (\"Margaritaville\"), but eventually decided they needed more time to craft a script for the latter. \"The Ring\" mocks Disney, a corporation led by a foul mouthed and sadistic Mickey Mouse, who is using the ruse of family-friendly morals to disguise their primary motive of selling lust to young girls for profit. The episode received generally positive reviews, and according to Nielsen Media Research, was seen by 3.41 million viewers the week it was broadcast. The publicist for the Jonas Brothers specifically forbade reporters from asking the band about the episode; although Nick Jonas said they did not watch it, he did say it was an honor to be included in the show. \"The Ring\" was released on DVD and Blu-ray along with the rest of the thirteenth season on March 16, 2010. Plot All the other boys are amazed that Kenny has a girlfriend: fifth grader Tammy Warner. Butters hears a rumor that Tammy is a slut because she gave another male student a \"BJ\" in a TGI Fridays parking lot. Hoping to spare Kenny's feelings, Stan, Kyle, and Cartman decide to warn him, but are bewildered when Kenny reacts excitedly and happily. Kenny invites Tammy to go with him to TGI Fridays after school, whereupon she confesses and confirms the rumor. Ignoring his delight, she explains that she did it only because she became aroused after watching the Jonas Brothers perform. Consequently, Kenny, hoping she will give him a BJ as well, takes Tammy to a Jonas Brothers concert at the Pepsi Center. His friends are disgusted by his intent; Cartman claims that \"the most bacteria-ridden place on the planet is the mouth of an American woman.\" After the concert, Tammy and several other girls are invited backstage, assuming the Jonas Brothers want to have sex with them. Instead, they convince the girls to wear purity rings as a pledge to abstinence, and tell them to get all of their friends to start wearing them as well because, as Nick Jonas says, \"That's just how we roll\" (a reference to one of their songs, \"That's Just the Way", "title": "The Ring (South Park)" }, { "docid": "62478206", "text": "\"The Trial of Leslie Knope\" is the ninth episode of the fourth season of the NBC sitcom Parks and Recreation. It originally aired in the United States on December 1, 2011. The episode was directed by Dean Holland and written by Dan Goor & Michael Schur. Plot After the events of the previous episode, Leslie Knope (Amy Poehler) and Ben Wyatt (Adam Scott) agree to confess their romantic relationship to their boss Chris Traeger (Rob Lowe). Chris reluctantly launches an investigation between Leslie and Ben and holds trials for possible ethics violations. To lighten his depressed state during the hearing, Chris takes an extreme amount of vitamins and supplements. In the first trial, Leslie admits her relationship with Ben to the ethics committee, but denies any possible corruption or wrongdoing as a result of dating her superior. Unfortunately, Chris announces that he has numerous character witnesses to prove her and Ben's special treatment toward one another, as well as possible bribery. Leslie manages to deflect most of the witnesses' arguments brought to the trial, but one of the witnesses is rumored to be extremely important to the case. Leslie and Ron Swanson (Nick Offerman) initially believe that the important witness is Ron's ex-wife Tammy Two (Megan Mullally); it is revealed to be George Williams, an electrician who was bribed by Leslie and Ben with a gift certificate to ignore their kiss at Li'l Sebastian's memorial service. Knowing she risks being fired, Leslie asks the Parks Department to help her find a loophole out of the situation. When the team is unsuccessful, Ron convinces Leslie to concede to the committee. Surprisingly, Leslie is only suspended for two weeks with pay. Chris reveals that Ben held a private meeting with the committee and took full blame for the bribery, effectively resigning as Assistant City Manager. After the trial, Chris apologizes to Leslie and explains that he was only doing his job. He and the court stenographer, Ethel Beavers, reveal that Ben said his relationship with Leslie was worth losing his job for; he also declares his love for her. Leslie does the same for Ben by hiring Ethel for an addendum to the court transcript later that night. During the credits, Jerry Gergich (Jim O'Heir) admits during the trial that his real name is Garry, catching both Leslie and Chris off guard. Reception Ratings \"The Trial of Leslie Knope\" received 3.720 million live and same day views when it first aired on December 1, 2011. The episode received a 1.8 rating among viewers 18–49. Critical reception Steve Eisler of The AV Club gave the episode a B+, scolding the episode for its lack of screen time to the other characters, but praising its ending for its emotional weight. Matt Fowler of IGN praised the episode and gave it an 8.5/10, writing, \"It's really hard to find a comedy that can be ridiculously hilarious and satisfyingly sentimental at the same time.\" References External links 2011 American television episodes Parks and Recreation season 4", "title": "The Trial of Leslie Knope (Parks and Recreation)" }, { "docid": "63212050", "text": "Kaliko Kauahi is an American actress. She is known for her role as Sandra Kaluiokalani in NBC's comedy television series Superstore (2015–2021). Additionally, she played the recurring role of Principal Kwan in the Disney Channel series Raven's Home (2018–2019) and has appeared on in numerous television shows such as Parks and Recreation and iCarly. Early life Kauahi was born and raised in Lawai Valley on Kaua'i, Hawai'i's south side. She was a boarding student at Kamehameha Schools in Honolulu. She attended Loyola Marymount University, studying communications and recording arts. Career Kauahi enrolled in acting classes and began pursuing an acting career in her late 20s, saying: \"It just took me that long to admit to myself that this is what I wanted to do and to get over the fear.\" She first appeared in short films, and landed guest roles on television shows such as Modern Family (2011), Parks and Recreation (2013), The Big Bang Theory (2014), and Brooklyn Nine-Nine (2015). In 2015, she was cast in the recurring role of Sandra on NBC's workplace sitcom Superstore. On May 22, 2019, NBC announced she had been promoted to a series regular for season 5; she remained a series regular for the show’s sixth and final season. She portrayed Principal Kwan in the Disney Channel television series Raven's Home (2018–2019). She had a guest role as Tammy, a patient and practical animal handler in the NBC sitcom American Auto (2023), in the episode \"Dealer Event\". In 2023, she also appeared as Danica in Paramount+'s comedy series iCarly, a revival series based on the 2007 Nickelodeon series of the same name. Her appearance on the show was well-received with fans hoping for her character's return for the fourth season. Filmography Film Television References External links Native Hawaiian people Native Hawaiian actresses Actresses from Hawaii 21st-century American actresses Living people Year of birth missing (living people) Loyola Marymount University alumni", "title": "Kaliko Kauahi" }, { "docid": "14686746", "text": "Recreation Park was the name applied to several former baseball parks in San Francisco, California in the late 19th century and early 20th century. Recreation Grounds, opened on November 26, 1868, and operated until May 1884, and was San Francisco's first professional enclosed ballpark. Located at the terminus of a railcar line in San Francisco's heavily Irish Mission District, at the present day Garfield Square. The ballpark was bordered by the streets Harrison, Twenty-Sixth, Folsom and Twenty-Fifth. The opening day ceremonies included the second game of the California baseball championship series between the Oakland Wide Awakes and the San Francisco Eagles, who won by the score of 37–23. The day's festivities included an operatic concert and footraces and were attended by a crowd of 4,000 people. Photo. Haight-Street Recreation Grounds 1886 -1895. Another recreation grounds existed in the Haight, with ownership transferred to J.B. Gilbert of the Central league on September 8, 1893. and was also referred to as Haight-Street Recreation Park located between Stanyan, Waller, Cole and Frederic Streets was closed in 1895. Most of the ballpark, on a Sanborn map, 1889 Central Park, also sometimes called Recreation Park, seating capacity of 15,000, opened on Thanksgiving Day of 1884 and operated until 1906. Located at 8th Street and Market Streets, was used by several clubs including the San Francisco Seals of the Pacific Coast League from 1903. Destroyed by the earthquake and fire on April 18, 1906. The Seals temporarily moved to Oakland while the city of San Francisco was being rebuilt. Photo. Sanborn map showing Central Park, 1887 Sanborn map showing Central Park, 1899 Recreation Park opened in September 1897 for local baseball and football. An early event was the Cal-Stanford Big Game that November. The hastily constructed stands suffered a partial collapse, but there were no fatalities. The following spring, the San Francisco Olympics, also known as the Athletics and the Brewers, began operating in the California League. The ball club lasted through the 1901 season. In 1903, the San Francisco Seals began their long run in the Pacific Coast League. They played at this ballpark until the 1906 San Francisco earthquake put them out of business for a while. The ballpark was located on a block bounded by 8th Street (northeast, first base); Harrison Street (southeast, third base); Gordon Street (southwest, left field); and Ringold Street (northwest, right field). 1899 Sanborn map showing the ballpark Recreation Park, located in the Mission District , was the best known and longest-lived of these ballparks. It was the home of the Seals during 1907–13 and then 1915–30 after a one-year experiment playing at newly built Ewing Park near the Richmond District. The experiment was a fiasco, largely because of the cold and foggy summer weather endemic to western San Francisco. The Oaks, in turn, had essentially moved into Recreation Park in 1907 and played most of their games there (except Thursdays and Sunday mornings) until their new Oaks Park was opened in 1913, although they continued to play some", "title": "Recreation Park (San Francisco)" }, { "docid": "456276", "text": "The New York City Department of Parks and Recreation, also called the Parks Department or NYC Parks, is the department of the government of New York City responsible for maintaining the city's parks system, preserving and maintaining the ecological diversity of the city's natural areas, and furnishing recreational opportunities for city's residents and visitors. NYC Parks maintains more than 1,700 public spaces, including parks, playgrounds and recreational facilities, across the city's five boroughs. It is responsible for over 1,000 playgrounds, 800 playing fields, 550 tennis courts, 35 major recreation centers, 66 pools, of beaches, and 13 golf courses, as well as seven nature centers, six ice skating rinks, over 2,000 greenstreets, and four major stadiums. NYC Parks also cares for park flora and fauna, community gardens, 23 historic houses, over 1,200 statues and monuments, and more than 2.5 million trees. The total area of the properties maintained by the department is over . The largest single component of parkland maintained by the department is the Pelham Bay Park in the Bronx. Other large parks administered by NYC Parks include Central Park in Manhattan, Prospect Park in Brooklyn, Van Cortlandt Park in the Bronx, Flushing Meadows–Corona Park in Queens, and the Staten Island Greenbelt. NYC Parks produces many special events, including concerts and movie premieres. In the summer, the busiest season, the agency organizes free carnivals and concerts, and sends mobile recreation vans to travel throughout the five boroughs providing free rental equipment for skating, baseball, and miniature golf. The symbol of the department is a cross between the leaf of the London plane and a maple leaf. It is prominently featured on signs and buildings in public parks across the city. The London plane tree is on NYC Parks' list of restricted use species for street tree planting because it constitutes more than 10% of all street trees. Agency The department is a mayoral agency, headed by a commissioner who reports to the Deputy Mayor of Operations. The current Parks Commissioner is Susan Donoghue, who was appointed on February 4, 2022. The current chair of the New York City Council Committee on Parks & Recreation is Shekar Krishnan. The department is allocated an expense budget and a capital budget. The expense budget covers the total expenses incurred by the agency, including salaries. The capital budget is dedicated solely for new construction projects, as well as major repairs in parks that have a useful life of more than five years and cost at least $35,000. Its regulations are compiled in Title 56 of the New York City Rules. History The original Parks Commission was formed in 1856 and was responsible only for Central Park. In 1870 the Tweed Charter gave it jurisdiction for all the parks in Manhattan. In addition, each borough had its independent Park Commission. The history of the Park Enforcement Patrol Officers can be traced back to 1919, when the concept of the Parks Enforcement Patrol was first thought of by Bronx Parks Commissioner Joe Hennessy, who reported", "title": "New York City Department of Parks and Recreation" }, { "docid": "271181", "text": "Tamara Faye Messner (née LaValley, formerly Bakker ; March 7, 1942 – July 20, 2007) was an American evangelist. She co-founded the televangelist program The PTL Club with her husband Jim Bakker in 1974. They had hosted their own puppet-show series for local programming in the early 1960s; Messner also had a career as a recording artist. In 1978, she and Bakker built Heritage USA, a Christian theme park. During her career Messner was noted for her eccentric and glamorous persona, as well as for moral views that diverged from those of many mainstream evangelists, particularly her advocacy for LGBT persons and reaching out to HIV/AIDS patients at the height of the AIDS epidemic. She released three autobiographies during her lifetime, I Gotta Be Me in 1978, Tammy: Telling it My Way in 1996, and I Will Survive and You Will Too! in 2003. Jim Bakker was indicted, convicted, and imprisoned on numerous counts of fraud and conspiracy in 1989, resulting in the dissolution of The PTL Club. She divorced Bakker in 1992, while he was in prison, and married Roe Messner. She was diagnosed with colon cancer in 1996, from which she suffered intermittently for over a decade before dying of the disease in 2007. Biography 1942–1959: Early life She was born Tamara Faye LaValley in International Falls, Minnesota, to Pentecostal preachers Rachel Minnie (née Fairchild; 1919–1992) and Carl Oliver LaValley, who married in 1941. Shortly after she was born, a painful divorce soured her mother against ministers, alienating her from the church. Both of her parents remarried, her mother to Fred Willard Grover, forming a large blended family, of which she was the eldest. 1960–1973: Marriage to Jim Bakker; early work In 1960, she met Jim Bakker while they were students at North Central Bible College in Minneapolis, Minnesota. Tammy Faye worked in a boutique for a time while Jim found work in a restaurant inside a department store in Minneapolis. They were married on April 1, 1961. The next year, they moved to South Carolina, where they began their ministry together, initially traveling around the United States; Jim preached, while Tammy Faye sang songs and played the accordion. In 1970, she gave birth to their daughter Tammy Sue \"Sissy\" Bakker, and in 1975 gave birth to their son Jamie Charles Bakker. Jim and Tammy Faye had been involved with television from the time of their departure from Minneapolis until they moved to the Charlotte area via Virginia Beach, Virginia, where they were founding members of The 700 Club. While in Portsmouth, they were hosts of the popular children's show Jim and Tammy. They then created a puppet ministry for children on Pat Robertson's Christian Broadcasting Network (CBN), which ran from 1964 to 1973. 1974–1987: The PTL Club Jim and Tammy Faye co-founded The PTL Club (Praise The Lord) in 1974, a televangelist Christian news program that they initially hosted in an abandoned furniture store in Charlotte. The series mixed \"glitzy entertainment with down-home family values\" and preached", "title": "Tammy Faye Messner" }, { "docid": "750710", "text": "Karla Leanne Homolka (born May 4, 1970), also known as Karla Leanne Teale, Leanne Teale, and Leanne Bordelais, is a Canadian serial killer who acted as an accomplice to her husband, Paul Bernardo, taking active part in the rapes and murders of at least three minors in Ontarioincluding her own sister, Tammy Homolkabetween 1990 and 1992. Homolka attracted worldwide media attention when a controversial plea bargain with Ontario prosecutors meant she was only convicted of manslaughter, and served only twelve years for the torture, rapes and murders of two teenaged girls, Leslie Mahaffy and Kristen French. Homolka testified against Bernardo, who was convicted of the Mahaffy–French murders and received life imprisonment and a dangerous offender designation. Homolka stated to investigators that she had been an unwilling accomplice in Bernardo's murders as a result of domestic violence, resulting in a deal made with prosecutors for a reduced prison sentence in exchange for a guilty plea to the charge of manslaughter. Homolka scored 5/40 on the Psychopathy Checklist, in contrast to Bernardo's 35/40. However, videotapes of the crimes surfaced after the plea bargain and before Bernardo's trial, proving that Homolka was a more active participant than she had originally claimed, including in the rape and death of her sister, Tammy Homolka. As a result, the deal that she had struck with prosecutors was dubbed in the Canadian press the \"Deal with the Devil\". Public outrage about the plea deal continued until Homolka's high-profile release from prison in 2005. Each of the three murders was committed the day before a family holiday spent with Homolka's family (Christmas, Father's Day, and Easter). Following her release from prison, Homolka settled in Quebec, where she married a brother of her lawyer. She briefly lived in the Antilles and Guadeloupe, but by 2014, had returned to Quebec. Victims Tammy Homolka According to Homolka, her husband Paul Bernardo became attracted to her younger sister, Tammy Homolka, during the summer of 1990 (this attraction was confirmed by Bernardo, during an interview conducted in 2007 while in custody, to have begun in July 1990). Karla hatched a plan to help Bernardo drug Tammy, seeing an opportunity to \"minimise risks, take control, and keep it all in the family.\" In July, \"according to Bernardo's testimony, he and Karla served Tammy a spaghetti dinner spiked with Valium stolen from Karla's workplace. Bernardo raped Tammy for about a minute before she started to wake up.\" Homolka later stole the anesthetic agent halothane from the St. Catharines veterinarian clinic where she worked. On December 23, 1990, after a Christmas party at the Homolka household, Bernardo and Homolka drugged Tammy with the animal tranquilizer. The couple subsequently raped Tammy while she was unconscious. Tammy later choked on her own vomit and died. Before calling 9-1-1, Bernardo and Homolka hid the evidence, did the laundry, redressed Tammy (who had a chemical burn on her face), and moved her into her basement bedroom. A few hours later, Tammy was pronounced dead at St. Catharines General Hospital without", "title": "Karla Homolka" }, { "docid": "2024068", "text": "Queen Kapiolani Regional Park is the largest and second-oldest public park in Hawaii, located in Honolulu on the east end of Waikiki just beyond Kuhio Beach Park and the Waikiki residential neighborhood. The park, named after Queen Kapiolani, the queen consort of King David Kalākaua, is home to the Waikiki Shell and the Honolulu Zoo. History Kingdom of Hawaii In the 1870s, King Kalākaua was asked to find a permanent, dry course for horse racing. Since Waikiki was popular with wealthy racing fans, Kalākaua chose the unoccupied and dry plain at the foot of Diamond Head where the park now stands. On June 11, 1877, the park was dedicated as the first Hawaiian public space. Scotsman Archibald Scott Cleghorn was vice president and later president of the Kapiolani Park Association, a group of businessmen who convinced Kalākaua to give them a 30-year lease for $1 per year. A share in the association cost $50, and allowed shareholders to lease property on Waikiki Beach. By the 1880s, many of Hawaii's wealthiest citizens had leased property through the association until the overthrow of the Kingdom of Hawaii, during which most of the properties were returned to the city or condemned. A lease was granted to the Honolulu Cricket Club in 1893. Top cricket players from San Francisco's California Cricket Association played for local teams. Republic of Hawaii After the overthrow, the land was conveyed to the Republic of Hawaii and managed by the Honolulu Park Commission. The legislation provided that the park be set aside permanently as a free public park and recreation ground, forbade the sale or lease of land in the park, and prohibited charging of any entrance fees. Since 1913, the park has been maintained by the City and County of Honolulu's Department of Parks & Recreation. In the 1920s, plans to drain the Ala Wai Canal through Kapiolani Park filled the park with mud and rubbish. It was rarely used until 1952, when it was renovated and its current boundaries were established. Today Besides the Honolulu Zoo and the Waikiki Shell, the park includes tennis and basketball courts, soccer, baseball, lacrosse and rugby fields and an archery range. The park hosts many international lacrosse and rugby tournaments a year. Its bandstand serves as an entertainment venue. It is also a popular course for joggers who utilize its two-mile (3 km) circumference. The park also serves as both the starting and finish lines of road races in Honolulu, including the Honolulu Marathon. Kapiolani park is also home to Honolulu Cricket Club, the only cricket club in the Hawaiian Islands. Founded in 1893, it is the oldest sporting club in the Pacific according to Guinness World Records. As Kapiolani Park continues south, it becomes Kapiolani Beach Park, adjacent to Kuhio Beach and Waikiki Beach. The park itself also serves as a natural border between Waikiki and Diamond Head neighborhood. References Parks in Hawaii Geography of Honolulu Rugby league stadiums in the United States Protected areas of Oahu Tourist attractions in", "title": "Kapiolani Park" }, { "docid": "24073778", "text": "\"Media Blitz\" is the fifth episode of the third season of the American comedy television series Parks and Recreation, and the 35th overall episode of the series. It originally aired on NBC in the United States on February 17, 2011. In the episode, the parks department tries to draw media attention for the upcoming harvest festival, but the press becomes fixated on Ben's past political mistakes. Meanwhile, Andy Dwyer takes on all of April Ludgate's errands with the hopes of convincing her not to move to Indianapolis. Written by Harris Wittels and directed by David Rogers, \"Media Blitz\" revolved largely around Ben's backstory as a child mayor who bankrupted his old town, which was originally a concept considered for series protagonist Leslie Knope. The episode was also what series co-creator Michael Schur called a \"key moment\" for April and Andy, ending a multi-episode subplot of April being angry with Andy for having been kissed by Ann in the second season finale \"Freddy Spaghetti\". \"Media Blitz\" featured guest appearances by comedians Matt Besser and Nick Kroll as morning zoo-style radio hosts \"Crazy Ira and The Douche,\" as well as appearances by frequent Parks and Recreation guest stars Mo Collins, Alison Becker, and Jay Jackson. According to Nielsen Media Research, \"Media Blitz\" was seen by 4.33 million household viewers. It marked the lowest rating for the season to date, and constituted a more than eight percent drop from the previous episode, \"Ron & Tammy: Part Two\". \"Media Blitz\" received generally positive reviews, with several commentators particularly praising the performance of Adam Scott as Ben. Some reviews, however, found less effective a subplot about the uncertainty surrounding the romantic relationship of Ann and Chris Traeger, a state auditor played by Rob Lowe who is supposed to leave Pawnee for Indianapolis soon. Plot Leslie (Amy Poehler), Tom (Aziz Ansari) and Ben (Adam Scott) start promoting the upcoming Harvest Festival on several Pawnee media outlets, starting with the local morning zoo radio show \"Crazy Ira and The Douche\" (Matt Besser and Nick Kroll). The duo begin asking Ben questions about his time as a teen mayor in Partridge, Minnesota, having researched how he bankrupted the town. Ben responds awkwardly, stammering incomprehensibly and unable to defend himself to Crazy Ira and The Douche's taunts. Tom proposes dumping Ben from future media interviews, but Leslie insists they cannot because he is the only one who can handle complicated questions about its budget. Meanwhile, April (Aubrey Plaza) accepts an offer from Chris (Rob Lowe) to move to Indianapolis to be his secretary. Andy (Chris Pratt) begs April to reconsider, offering to perform all the errands that she hates doing for a month. Ron (Nick Offerman) volunteers to help, claiming that he does not want to lose April as an assistant while denying he cares about April and Andy's relationship. Ann (Rashida Jones) is increasingly frustrated that Chris has not asked her about coming to Indianapolis with him, and is concerned about where their relationship is headed. Unfortunately, Ben's", "title": "Media Blitz" }, { "docid": "4312232", "text": "Recreation Park, also known as Recreation Grounds, The Recs and The Indodrill Stadium for sponsorship reasons, is a football stadium in Alloa, Clackmannanshire, Scotland. It is the home ground of Scottish Professional Football League team Alloa Athletic, who have played there since 1895. Additionally, Broomhill (formerly BSC Glasgow) of the Scottish Lowland Football League have been groundsharing at Recreation Park since 2016. Central Girls Football Academy have used the stadium for home matches from 2017. The stadium has an artificial playing surface and has a capacity of . History Alloa Athletic have played at Recreation Park since 1895. A wooden main stand was built during the 1920s. Around 1950, a terracing cover was built on the Hilton Road Side. A record attendance of 15,467 was set by a 1954–55 Scottish Cup match against Celtic. Floodlights were installed in 1979. A new main stand was opened in 1991. The new main stand cost £350,000, most of which was provided by the Football Trust. By the mid-1990s, when the ground was being used for Rangers reserve team matches, capacity had been restricted to just over 4,000. An artificial surface was installed at the ground before the 2007–08 season. A seated stand was constructed on the Hilton Road Side in 2008. Clyde played matches at Recreation Park early in the 2012–13 season, while a synthetic surface was being installed at Broadwood Stadium. On 12 September 2014, a six-figure sponsorship deal was struck that saw the stadium renamed as The Indodrill Stadium. However, supporters of the club continue to call it Recreation Park, Recreation Grounds or The Recs. In June 2016 it was announced that from the 2016–17 season, Alloa would ground share with Lowland Football League side BSC Glasgow, while the latter continued to work towards their goal of having their own facility. Structure and facilities Recreation Park has two seated stands, one on each side, totalling 919 seats. The main stand, which has just over 400 seats, runs approximately half the length of the pitch and is raised above ground level. The other stand, on the Hilton Road Side, is used by away team supporters. The rest of the ground is open terracing, apart from a small cover at the Clackmannan Road End. The Ochil Hills are clearly visible behind the Railway End of the ground. Since 2007, an artificial pitch has been used at Recreation Park. The 3G surface was replaced in 2016 with upgraded MX TriMension technology. Transport Alloa railway station, which is within walking distance of Recreation Park, reopened in May 2008. It is served by trains on the Croy Line from Glasgow Queen Street and Stirling. Recreation Park is situated on the A907 road (Clackmannan Road), which runs between Stirling and Dunfermline. Street parking is available in the surrounding area. References Sources Alloa Athletic F.C. Football venues in Scotland Sports venues in Clackmannanshire Scottish Football League venues Scottish Professional Football League venues Sports venues completed in 1895 Lowland Football League venues 1895 establishments in Scotland Alloa Broomhill F.C.", "title": "Recreation Park, Alloa" }, { "docid": "2585861", "text": "Chickasaw National Recreation Area is a national recreation area in the foothills of the Arbuckle Mountains in south-central Oklahoma near Sulphur in Murray County. It includes the former Platt National Park and Arbuckle Recreation Area. Part of the area was established as Sulphur Springs Reservation on July 1, 1902, and renamed and redesignated Platt National Park on June 29, 1906. At the time of its founding, the reservation, later national park, was located in Pickens County, Chickasaw Nation. On March 17, 1976, Platt National Park was combined with the Arbuckle Recreation Area and additional lands and renamed. Of the park's , water covers . The park contains many fine examples of Civilian Conservation Corps rustic National Park Service-style architecture of the 1930s. CCC workers created pavilions, park buildings, and enclosures for the park's many natural springs. The Chickasaw National Recreation Area preserves partially forested hills of south-central Oklahoma near Sulphur. Named to honor the Chickasaw Indian Nation, who were relocated to the area from the Southeastern United States during the 1830s (and who later sold the original of land for the park to the Federal government), the park's springs, streams, and lakes provide opportunities for swimming, boating, fishing, picnicking, camping, and hiking, among other activities. As part of the Chickasaw tribe's arrangement with the U.S. government, the park does not charge an admission fee. History When the Choctaw and Chickasaw tribes were forced to move from their former lands in the southeastern United States, they found an area within the new Chickasaw nation that contained a number of natural fresh and mineral springs that they believed had healing powers. Fearing that developers would turn the springs into a private resort, as had happened earlier at Hot Springs, Arkansas, the Chickasaw sold a 640-acre parcel to the U. S. Government, which named it the Sulphur Springs Reservation in 1902. The park was directly hit by the 2024 Sulphur tornado, which heavily damaged many areas of the park from the Lake of the Arbuckles into the Travertine District. As of May 4, 2024, all areas of the park remain closed. Platt National Park In 1902, Orville H. Platt, a U.S. Senator from the state of Connecticut, introduced legislation to establish the 640-acre Sulphur Springs Reservation, protecting 32 freshwater and mineral springs, in Murray County, Oklahoma (then part of Indian Territory). The reservation officially opened to the public April 29, 1904. On June 29, 1906, Congress re-designated the reservation as Platt National Park, named for the senator, a year after his death. It had the distinctions of being the seventh and smallest national park created in the United States as well as the only national park in Oklahoma, until its redesignation as a National Recreation Area in 1976. Since then, Gateway Arch National Park has taken its place as the smallest national park at just 91 acres. Visitors soon thronged to the new national park. Both the St. Louis-San Francisco Railway (Frisco) and the Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fe Railway (Santa Fe) had", "title": "Chickasaw National Recreation Area" }, { "docid": "60721693", "text": "The Eyes of Tammy Faye is a 2021 American biographical drama film directed by Michael Showalter from a screenplay by Abe Sylvia, based on the 2000 documentary of the same name by Fenton Bailey and Randy Barbato of World of Wonder. The film tells the story of Tammy Faye Bakker (played by Jessica Chastain), from her humble beginnings growing up in International Falls, Minnesota, through the rise and fall of her televangelism career and marriage to Jim Bakker (played by Andrew Garfield). Cherry Jones and Vincent D'Onofrio also star. The film is produced by Chastain's production company, Freckle Films. The Eyes of Tammy Faye had its world premiere at the Toronto International Film Festival in September 2021, and was released on September 17, 2021, by Searchlight Pictures. Critics praised the performances (particularly Chastain's) while criticizing the screenplay, deeming the film to be inferior to the documentary. At the 94th Academy Awards, the film won Best Actress (for Chastain) and Best Makeup and Hairstyling. Chastain also won the SAG Award and Critics' Choice Movie Award for Best Actress. Plot Tamara \"Tammy\" Faye LaValley falls in love with Jim Bakker while studying at North Central Bible College in Minneapolis, Minnesota. The two marry despite disapproval from Tammy's mother Rachel, dropping out of college to preach and inspire Christian communities across the United States. Their preaching gets the attention of Pat Robertson's Christian Broadcasting Network, who hires them as hosts of children's show Jim and Tammy. Jim later becomes the first host of CBN's The 700 Club while the two welcome daughter Tammy Sue. Tammy and Jim meet conservative pastor Jerry Falwell during a party, with Jerry expressing interest in working with CBN. Following an argument with Falwell in which Tammy dismisses the politicization of faith, she encourages Jim to create their own television network so that they can have control over their own programs. The two leave CBN and create the PTL Satellite Network, with their flagship show The PTL Club becoming popular over the years. Tammy invites Rachel and stepfather Fred to move in with them at their Tega Cay, South Carolina compound, after which Rachel expresses her growing suspicions over how PTL gets its money. As the press becomes more skeptical and critical of PTL's handling of its finances, Tammy becomes flirtatious with music producer Gary S. Paxton, whom Jim fires following the birth of their son Jay. In the 1980s, Jim then focuses his attention on building a Christian theme park while Tammy becomes addicted to pills and discouraged by Falwell's political oversight. Falwell decries the \"gay cancer.\" She invites AIDS patient and Christian pastor Steve Pieters for an interview about supporting the gay community, much to Falwell's disapproval. After collapsing during a taping, Tammy argues with Jim over their strained relationship. Falwell takes control of PTL following news scandals about PTL's financial debt and Jim's extramarital affairs, including speculations about sexual relationships with men. Jim is ultimately imprisoned for fraud. By 1994, Tammy and Jim have officially divorced,", "title": "The Eyes of Tammy Faye (2021 film)" }, { "docid": "28222604", "text": "John Ralph Branca (July 14, 1924 – July 17, 2010) was an American Democratic politician who was elected to two terms in the New York State Assembly, and was appointed as Chairman of the New York State Athletic Commission in 1983, where he sought to implement changes to enhance the safety of boxers and wrestlers. Life Branca was born on July 14, 1924. He grew up in Mount Vernon, New York, where he played baseball with his younger brother Ralph at A. B. Davis High School. At A.B. Davis High School, he was undefeated as a pitcher, throwing two no-hitters, and as a senior was named the New York Metropolitan Area baseball player of the year. In an obituary in The New York Times, his brother Ralph, who played in the major leagues for the Brooklyn Dodgers, said that \"He was better than me at that point\". He served in the United States Army Air Forces during World War II. After completing his military service he attended New York University where he earned a bachelor's and master's degrees. He was a coach and teacher at the local high school and served as Mount Vernon's recreation commissioner from 1962 to 1980. In 1962 he was appointed Commissioner of Recreation for the city of Mt. Vernon, a position he served for 19 years under five different administrations, both Democratic and Republican. As Commissioner, Mr. Branca pioneered the approach of providing needed services and activities for senior citizens, the handicapped and mentally challenged who might have had to seek institutional settings. Mr. Branca received national awards for his initiative and approach to recreation and programs. He greatly expanded and improved the summer youth programs, as well as athletics and recreation programs. John also oversaw the management of Memorial Field, the field he played on as a youth, he constructed the first indoor tennis bubble in the state of New York, giving citizens access to tennis 24 hours a day, 365 days a year. John also built a one-of-a-kind indoor bocce court at Hartley Park, as part of the Senior Citizen Center. John attracted headliner entertainers to Mt. Vernon such as Bob Hope, The Jackson Five, Pat Cooper, and Ella Fitzgerald. Memorial Field was cited as the most active field in New York State by Governor Hugh Carry in the mid 1970s. John received a Humanitarian Award from the B’Nai B’Rith, and was inducted into the Westchester County Sports Hall of Fame in 1977. John served as Secretary of the Executive Committee of New York State Recreation and Parks Society, and as President of the Westchester County Recreation and Park Society. He also served as Chairman of the Budget Committee on Programs and Services for Handicapped in Westchester County. He served as coordinating council of the Westchester Mental Health Board and task force chairman for the development of recreational facilities for the handicapped. In addition to Commissioner of Recreation, in 1972 John became a Radio Sports Announcer at WVOX, broadcasting the Pepsi High school", "title": "John R. Branca" }, { "docid": "3208481", "text": "Attack of the 60 Foot Centerfold (also known as Attack of the 60 Foot Centerfolds) is a 1995 comedy satirical science fiction film directed by Fred Olen Ray and starring J.J. North, Ted Monte, Tammy Parks, Raelyn Saalman, Nikki Fritz, John LaZar, Tim Abell, Jay Richardson as well as cameos by Russ Tamblyn, Michelle Bauer and a \"running man\" credit for science fiction author Brad Linaweaver. The film is a parody of Attack of the 50 Foot Woman, but contains much nudity. The film was loosely remade as Attack of the 50 Foot Cheerleader (2012). Plot The three finalists for Plaything Magazine's \"Centerfold of the Year\" - Inga (Raelyn Saalman), Betty (Tammy Parks) and Angel Grace (J. J. North) - are at a photoshoot. Betty makes disparaging remarks about Angel's appearance. After the shoot, Angel goes to Dr. Lindstrom's (John LaZar) clinic. She took experimental beauty enhancing drugs previously, and now wants to start taking them again. Dr. Lindstrom warns her that any additional doses could be fatal, but ultimately gives her a case with many vials, cautioning her to only take one a day. Shortly thereafter, Angel, Betty, and Inga go to the Plaything Mansion for a photoshoot to decide who will be the Centerfold of the year. There, they meet Bob Gordon (Jay Richardson), the founder of Plaything Magazine. The morning of the photoshoot, Angel oversleeps. She realizes that she didn't take a vial the previous day, and wrinkles are starting to form. In an act of desperation, she takes several vials. The overdose then causes her to pass out momentarily. When she reawakens, she has grown 1–2 feet taller. Angel is oblivious, even though her high heels and bikini seem smaller. When Angel arrives late to the photoshoot, everyone else notices her sudden height increase. She and the other women begin posing for Mark. Suddenly, Angel faints. Mark, Betty and Inga go to alert Gordon while Mark's assistant, Wilson (Ted Monte), stays behind. By the time the group returns with Gordon, Angel has grown into a giantess. Sometime afterward, a circus tent is set up for Angel, who is upset at her sudden growth spurt. Back at the Plaything Mansion, Mark and Gordon plot to make Angel the centerfold, use her size as a major selling point for the magazine, and then turn her over to the government for experimentation. Wilson overhears the conversation, and confronts Mark about the plan; Mark shrugs off Wilson's concerns. Over the next couple of days, Mark tries to persuade Angel to pose for a photoshoot. He lies to her, saying that Gordon has arranged for a specialist to come in and help her, and that Dr. Lindstrom cannot be reached. One night, Wilson sneaks into Angel's tent. He explains that she is being lied to, but she doesn't believe him. He also confesses his love for her. The next day, Wilson calls Dr. Lindstrom, who agrees to go to the Mansion to see Angel. After the call, Wilson and Betty find", "title": "Attack of the 60 Foot Centerfold" }, { "docid": "22786047", "text": "Norm Hiscock is a Canadian screenwriter, producer and director. He is known for his work on Saturday Night Live, King of the Hill, The Kids in the Hall, Corner Gas, Parks and Recreation, Brooklyn Nine-Nine and most recently as an executive producer on People of Earth, Trailer Park Boys: The Animated Series and Space Force. He was also a writer on The Kids in the Hall film, Kids in the Hall: Brain Candy. King of the Hill written episodes \"Propane Boom\" \"And They Call It Bobby Love\" \"Peggy's Pageant Fever\" \"As Old as the Hills\" \"To Kill a Ladybird\" \"Old Glory\" \"The Buck Stops Here\" \"Bobby Goes Nuts\" \"The Bluegrass Is Always Greener\" \"Dances with Dogs\" \"Flirting with the Master\" Parks and Recreation written episodes \"Rock Show\" \"Pawnee Zoo\" \"Woman of the Year\" \"Flu Season\" \"Jerry's Painting\" \"Ron and Tammys\" \"Sweet Sixteen\" \"Soda Tax\" \"Emergency Response\" \"Jerry's Retirement\" Brooklyn Nine-Nine written episodes \"The Tagger\" \"Full Boyle\" \"Pontiac Bandit\" \"Payback\" References External links Year of birth missing (living people) Canadian male television writers Writers from Montreal Living people", "title": "Norm Hiscock" }, { "docid": "38890683", "text": "Kelly Leroy Mantle (born July 9, 1976) is an American actor, singer-songwriter, comedian, musician, drag queen, and reality television personality. Mantle appeared as a contestant on the sixth season of the reality TV show RuPaul's Drag Race. Early life Mantle was born to Larry James and Linda Lea Mantle in Oklahoma City but grew up in New Cordell, Oklahoma. They have a brother, Garrette. Mantle's uncle was professional baseball player Mickey Mantle, who played for the New York Yankees. Mantle graduated with a BFA in Theatre from the University of Oklahoma. Career After college, Mantle went to Chicago to begin a career as an actor. She acted in plays such as The Convention and Royal Flush. Lone Star/Laundry & Bourbon was the first production by OKRA Theatre, a theater company started by Mantle and her friend Tracy Parks, who directed the play. In 1998, Mantle starred in the Chicago production of Charles Busch's play Vampire Lesbians of Sodom. After two years of living in Chicago, she moved to Los Angeles. She later auditioned for the Los Angeles production of Vampire Lesbians of Sodom, where she was scouted and signed by a talent agent. In Los Angeles, Mantle became a member of the band Sex with Lurch, which was formed by singer Robbie Quinne and guitarist Bernard Yin. As part of the group, Mantle used the stage name \"Brandy Warhol\". The group disbanded in December 2002. Mantle later joined Quinne's follow-up band, the Barbarellatones. Mantle was also a member of the band Tranzkuntinental. The band was started by Charlie Paulson and Xander Smith and features drag queens Detox, Rhea Litré, Vicky Vox, and Willam Belli. Currently, Mantle is a member of the band the Rollz Royces with Tammie Brown and Michael Catti. Mantle and Catti have appeared in Tammie Brown's Christmas show Holiday Sparkle at Fubar in West Hollywood. In 2014 Mantle starred in Confessions of a Womanizer with Gary Busey. The film was released in 2016. Mantle, who is genderfluid, made history when the film's producers sought both supporting actor and supporting actress consideration for her performance and The Academy granted the request. Mantle starred as Sheila on both seasons of the OutTV and Amazon Prime sitcom The Browns alongside Tammie Brown and in 2022 supported Trixie and Katya on their tour Trixie and Katya Live. RuPaul's Drag Race In December 2013, Logo announced that Mantle was among fourteen drag queens who would be competing on the sixth season of RuPaul's Drag Race. She was eliminated in the first episode, lip-synching to \"Express Yourself\" against Vivacious. Discography Albums Ever Changing (2002) Rock-N-Glow (2004) Satellite Baby (2006) Singles Music videos Filmography Film Television Web series Theatre References External links Living people 20th-century American LGBT people 21st-century American LGBT people American drag queens American television actors LGBT people from Oklahoma American LGBT singers American LGBT comedians Actors from Oklahoma City People from New Cordell, Oklahoma American non-binary actors American non-binary musicians Kelly Mantle University of Oklahoma alumni 1976 births Non-binary drag performers", "title": "Kelly Mantle" }, { "docid": "3621089", "text": "Strip Mall is a sitcom that aired on Comedy Central from June 2000 until March 2001. The series, a spoof of prime time soap operas, was set in Van Nuys, California, which is series star/creator/executive producer Julie Brown's hometown. The titular \"Strip Mall\" was the fictional Plaza del Toro. Brown starred as Tammi Tyler, an ex-child actress who at 12 had stabbed her adult co-star to death after eating a cupcake laced with PCP. Now, as an adult, Tammi worked as a waitress at the Funky Fox, a bar located in the Plaza del Toro. One of her fellow employees was Patti the barmaid (Victoria Jackson). In the series premiere, Tammi married the owner of Starbrite Cleaners, Harvey Krudup (Jim O'Heir), who she thought was worth millions, but realized that Starbrite's lone location was at the Plaza. For the rest of the show's run, Tammi would try (unsuccessfully) to end her marriage. Other businesses and main characters Other businesses at the Plaza del Toro included a Chinese restaurant, Wok Don't Run, owned by Fanny Sue Chang (Amy Hill) and Althea (Loretta Fox), both of whom were lesbians; the Good Things gift shop, owned by Rafe (Maxwell Caulfield) and Bettina Bellingham (Eliza Coyle); and We Shoot You Video, which employed two college film graduates Barry (Chris Wylde) and Josh Macintosh (Jonathan Mangum), as well as a porn actress named Hedda Hummer (Allison Dunbar). There was also an insurance agency near the plaza, run by an agent named Dwight (Tim Bagley). Bob Koherr, who had directed Brown in the 1997 movie Plump Fiction, played a biker named Blank and his identical brothers Blair and Blunt. Juan Vidal played Tammi's Latin lover, Fernando, in Season 2. Former Miss Alabama Kim Wimmer played Elyce Cantwell. On the set All twenty episodes of this series were written by the same writers. In addition to Brown and Koherr, episodes of the series were directed by Alan Cohn; Sam Irvin (who also directed Brown in Out There and Fat Rose and Squeaky); and Bobcat Goldthwait (the latter previously worked with Brown in Medusa: Dare to Be Truthful and Shakes the Clown). Frequent guest stars on the series included Stella Stevens, one of several actresses to play Harvey's mom, and Cindy Williams—like Brown, a Van Nuys native—who played herself in several episodes. Many of the behind-the-scenes crew came from Brown's previous series, Clueless, which was also set in the Los Angeles area. Every episode of this series ended with a cliffhanger. The final episode ended with Tammi being thrown from an airplane by Dwight, who yelled, \"Goodbye, Tammi Tyler!\" Brown, along with Charlie Coffey produced Strip Mall, was about to plan the series' third season when Comedy Central decided to cancel the series because, given the recession at the time, it was too expensive to continue. Strip Mall was one of two Comedy Central sitcoms cancelled in June 2001 due to cost reasons; the other was That's My Bush! References External links Comedy Central sitcoms 2000s American satirical", "title": "Strip Mall" }, { "docid": "1811673", "text": "InConJunction is a fan-run, not-for-profit science fiction convention held during the first weekend in July in Indianapolis, Indiana. Past guests include Philip José Farmer, Frederik Pohl, Catherine Asaro, George R.R. Martin, Jerry Pournelle, Glen Cook, Mike Resnick, Timothy Zahn, and David Drake. The convention focuses on literature and literacy, but not to the exclusion of other areas of interest. Unique or unusual features include a dedicated Doctor Who room sponsored by The Whoosier Network, an anime room sponsored by The Indiana Animation Club, and a charity auction supporting Indy Reads and other charities as chosen by the convention chairperson. Upcoming conventions InConJunction XLI will be held 1–3 July 2022, at the Indianapolis Marriott East. Guests of Honor will be author Keith DeCandido; artist Ruth Thompson; and musician Marc Gunn. Past conventions InConJunction XL was held 2–4 July 2021, at the Indianapolis Marriott East. Since the COVID-19 pandemic caused 2020's cancellation, the event was deferred to the next year. InConJunction XXXIX was held July 5–7, 2019, at the Indianapolis Marriott East. Guests of Honor were Jolly Blackburn, author, publisher and creator of the comic \"Knights of the Dinner Table;\" artist Terry Pavlet; musician and stand-up comic Mikey Mason; and cosplay performer and puppeteer Michael Parks, who with his wife, Shannon Parks, make appearances as Outcast Cosplay. Toastmaster was Indianapolis-based stage actor Doug Powers. The Author Guest of Honor was announced as Kilgore Trout, a science-fiction author character in the books of Kurt Vonnegut Jr., to promote convention events in cooperation with the Kurt Vonnegut Museum and Library, a beneficiary of the convention's charity efforts. Featured guests included Jammy Jo Eckhart, Lou Harry, Rob Pyatt Ph.D., playwright Casey Ross, improv comedy troupe Breakfast Anytime, and band The Shake Ups, which plays music from and inspired by children's cartoons. Ross also hosted an appearance by former arcade game record-holder Billy Mitchell. InConJunction XXXVIII was held July 6–8, 2018, at the Indianapolis Marriott East. Author Guest of Honor was J.M. Lee. Artist Guest of Honor was Lee Cherolis. Comics Guest of Honor was Ed Cho, co-creator of \"Little Guardians,\" with Cherolis. Cosplay Guest of Honor was Oriana Peron. Music Guest of Honor was the band The Yavin 4, which plays punk rock inspired by \"Star Wars.\" Toastmaster was Lou Harry. Featured guests included Tammy Jo Eckhart and band The Shake Ups, which plays music from and inspired by children's cartoons. InConJunction XXXVII was held June 30 – July 2, 2017, at the Indianapolis Marriott East. The author Guest of Honor was Mercedes Lackey. Artist Guest of Honor was Larry Dixon. Media Guest of Honor was actress, singer/songwriter, screenwriter, director and producer Shonna Bedford. Cosplay Guest of Honor was Michelle Mussoni, a/k/a Mogchelle. Science Guest of Honor was Kimberly Richey. Music Guest of Honor was Marc Gunn. Featured guests included Tammy Jo Eckhart, Kevin Harris, Lou Harry, Tom Smith, Bishop Stevens, and Bart Willard. InConJunction XXXVI was held July 1 – 3, 2016, at the Indianapolis Marriott East. The Author Guest of Honor was Simon", "title": "InConJunction" }, { "docid": "1603494", "text": "Governor Tom McCall Waterfront Park is a park located in downtown Portland, Oregon, along the Willamette River. After the 1974 removal of Harbor Drive, a major milestone in the freeway removal movement, the park was opened to the public in 1978. The park covers 13 tax lots and is owned by the City of Portland (Portland Parks and Recreation). The park was renamed in 1984 to honor Tom McCall, the Oregon governor who pledged his support for the beautification of the west bank of the Willamette River—harkening back to the City Beautiful plans at the turn of the century which envisioned parks and greenways along the river. The park is bordered by RiverPlace to the south, the Steel Bridge to the north, Naito Parkway to the west, and Willamette River to the east. In October 2012, Waterfront Park was voted one of America's ten greatest public spaces by the American Planning Association. The most common uses for the park are jogging, walking, biking, skateboarding, fountain play, lunching, basketball, fireworks viewing and boat watching. Due to its recreational use, lunch hours (11:00 am to 1:00 pm) are peak-use hours for the waterfront park. In addition to recreational use, the park is also highly used by bike and pedestrian commuters during rush hours (3:00 pm to 5:00 pm) because the park is easily accessible to the downtown Portland workforce and provides a pleasant, off street thoroughfare away from vehicular traffic. It is currently home to the Waterfront Blues Festival, Oregon Brewers Festival, Gay/Lesbian Pride Festival and the Bite of Oregon festival. The park is also the host of many Rose Festival events. History In 1903 the Olmsted Report identified several needs for the City of Portland. Important items within the plan: need for parks within the city need for greenways along riverbanks need for preservation of river access for future generations These needs were readdressed in the 1912 Bennett Plan; however, the City of Portland had its sights set on the city itself and not on access to geographical features. One problem for downtown Portland and its location on the Willamette was that the river would flood occasionally during the winter. In 1920, a seawall was built to protect the downtown core. The seawall removed access to the river, a problem that would be exacerbated in 1940 with the construction of Harbor Drive along the bank of the river. In the mid-1960s, the completion of the Marquam Bridge for Interstate 5 led to a drop in Harbor Drive traffic. The Waterfront for People, a humorous civil disobedience group, organized a picnic on the sliver of land between Harbor Drive and the river. In 1968, Governor Tom McCall initiated a task force to study the feasibility of replacing Harbor Drive with open park space. ZGF Architects LLP was hired in 1971 to design the park. Removal of Harbor Drive began in 1974, and work progressed until the dedication of the park in 1978. The park gained instant popularity, and in 1984 it was", "title": "Tom McCall Waterfront Park" }, { "docid": "5405345", "text": "Tucker Gates is an American television director and producer. He has directed several episodes of the ABC series Alias and Lost. He has also directed episodes of Bates Motel, Weeds, Carnivàle, Point Pleasant, Huff, Boston Legal, Roswell, Brothers & Sisters, Homeland, House of Cards, Ray Donovan, The Office, and Parks and Recreation. Selected television credits The X-Files (1993) TV series episode 3.19 \"Hell Money\" episode 4.11 \"El Mundo Gira\" Angel (1999) TV series episode 1.09 \"Hero\" Samantha Who? (2007) TV series episode 1.07 \"The Hockey Date\" episode 1.09 \"The Break Up\" The Office (2006) TV series episode 3.07 \"Branch Closing\" episode 3.22 \"Women's Appreciation\" episode 4.17 \"Job Fair\" episode 7.17 \"Threat Level Midnight\" CSI: Crime Scene Investigation (2002) TV series episode 3.04 \"A Little Murder\" Alias (2001) TV series episode 5.03 \"The Shed\" episode 5.09 \"The Horizon\" episode 5.11 \"Maternal Instinct\" episode 5.15 \"No Hard Feelings\" episode 5.17 \"All the Time in the World\" Weeds (2005) TV series episode 1.07 \"Higher Education\" episode 2.06 \"Crush Girl Love Panic\" Lost (2004) TV series episode 1.08 \"Confidence Man\" episode 1.17 \"…In Translation\" episode 1.22 \"Born to Run\" episode 3.06 \"I Do\" episode 6.04 \"The Substitute\" episode 6.09 \"Ab Aeterno\" episode 6.15 \"Across the Sea\" Carnivàle (2003) TV Series episode 2.06 \"The Road To Damascus\" Point Pleasant (2005) TV series episode 1.01 \"Pilot\" Huff (2004) TV series episode 1.04 \"Control\" Boston Legal (2004) TV series episode 1.06 \"Truth Be Told\" Parks and Recreation (2009) TV series episode 3.04 \"Ron & Tammy: Part Two\" episode 4.11 \"The Comeback Kid\" Undercovers (2010) TV series episode 1.03 \"Devices\" episode 1.11 \"The Key to It All\" House (2010) TV series episode 7.07 \"A Pox On Our House\" Homeland (2011) TV series episode 1.08 \"Achilles Heel\" episode 5.09 \"The Litvinov Ruse\" episode 6.07 \"Imminet Risk\" episode 7.08 \"Lies, Amplifers, Fucking Twitter\" episode 8.06 \"Two Minutes\" New Girl (2012) TV series episode 1.13 \"Valentine's Day\" Touch (2012) TV series episode 1.04 \"Kite Strings\" Political Animals (2012) TV series episode 1.05 \"16 Hours\" Bates Motel (2013) TV series episode 1.01 \"First You Dream, Then You Die\" episode 1.02 \"Nice Town You Picked, Norma...\" episode 1.06 \"The Truth\" episode 1.09 \"Underwater\" episode 1.10 \"Midnight\" episode 2.01 \"Gone But Not Forgotten\" episode 2.02 \"Shadow of a Doubt\" episode 2.09 \"The Box\" episode 2.10 \"The Immutable Truth\" episode 3.01 \"A Death in the Family\" episode 3.02 \"The Arcanum Club\" episode 3.09 \"Crazy\" episode 3.10 \"Unconscious\" episode 4.01 \"A Danger to Himself and Others\" episode 4.10 \"Norman\" episode 5.01 \"Dark Paradise\" episode 5.10 \"The Cord\" Ray Donovan (2013) TV series episode 1.10 \"Fite Nite\" episode 2.01 \"Yo Soy Capitan\" episode 2.04 \"S U C K\" episode 3.07 \"All Must Be Loved\" episode 4.08 \"The Texan\" episode 5.04 \"Sold\" episode 6.03 \"He Be Tight, He Be Mean\" episode 6.04 \"Pudge\" episode 7.04 \"Hispes\" Brooklyn Nine-Nine (2014) TV series episode 1.18 \"The Apartment\" Tyrant (2014) TV series episode 1.06 \"What the World Needs Now\" House of Cards (2015) TV series episode 3.03 \"Chapter 29\" episode 3.04", "title": "Tucker Gates" }, { "docid": "5964125", "text": "Jukka Vilho Tapani Tammi (born April 10, 1962 in Tampere, Finland), nicknamed \"Taisto\", is a retired Finnish ice hockey goaltender. Tammi is one of the few Finnish ice hockey players to have three or more Olympic medals. He was the \"Ironman\" of the Finnish SM-liiga, awarded to the player who plays the most consecutive games, and has been inducted into the Finnish Hockey Hall of Fame. Although Tammi was a top Finnish goaltender, he was never drafted by an NHL team. Career Finland Tammi started his career in the 1980-1981 season when he played for the Tampereen Ilves A-Junior team. Tammi also dressed for three SM-Liiga games, but he did not play until the following year when he played in four games. In 1982-1983 he played 25 games during the regular season, winning the Rookie of the Year award. Tammi went on to play in Ilves for a total of 15 Seasons (1980–1995). After Ilves, Tammi played in TuTo during the 1995-1996 season. Germany In 1996 Tammi moved to Germany and played for the Frankfurt Lions, a Deutsche Eishockey Liga team. Tammi played three seasons for the Lions, retiring after the 1998-99 season. International In addition to his SM-Liiga career, Tammi also had an International career. Tammi was part of Team Finland in total of seven Ice Hockey World Championships, four Winter Olympics and two Canada Cups. Tammi played a total of 213 International games and had one assist. Highlights of Jukka Tammi's International career are: 1988 Winter Olympics: Tammi played in the decisive game against the Soviet Union. Finland won the game and gained its first Olympic Medal in Ice Hockey. 1994 World Championships: Tammi was part of the team who won silver, losing to Canada in the final after a shootout. Career statistics --- Regular Season --- ---- Playoffs ---- Season Team Lge GP G A Pts PIM GP G A Pts PIM ---- 1984-85 Ilves Tampere FNL 36 0 1 1 4 1985-86 Ilves Tampere FNL 36 0 0 0 2 -- -- -- -- -- 1986-87 Ilves Tampere FNL 44 0 3 3 8 -- -- -- -- -- 1987-88 Ilves Tampere FNL 44 0 3 3 14 1988-89 Ilves Tampere FNL 44 0 0 0 6 5 0 0 0 0 1989-90 Ilves Tampere FNL 44 0 2 2 8 9 0 2 2 4 1990-91 Ilves Tampere FNL 44 0 1 1 20 -- -- -- -- -- 1991-92 Ilves Tampere FNL 44 0 2 2 10 -- -- -- -- -- 1992-93 Ilves Tampere FNL 40 0 0 0 0 1993-94 Ilves Tampere FNL 27 0 1 1 4 4 0 0 0 0 1994-95 Ilves Tampere FNL 50 0 4 4 35 -- -- -- -- -- 1995-96 TuTo Turku FNL 50 0 3 3 20 -- -- -- -- -- 1996-97 Frankfurt Lions DEL 40 0 3 3 6 1997-98 Frankfurt Lions DEL 42 0 3 3 35 1998-99 Frankfurt Lions DEL 43 0 4 4 6 ---- References External links", "title": "Jukka Tammi" }, { "docid": "43941171", "text": "\"Sun Daze\" is a song recorded by American country music duo Florida Georgia Line. It is the second single from their second studio album, Anything Goes, which was released on October 14, 2014. The song was written by the duo's members Tyler Hubbard and Brian Kelley, along with Sarah Buxton, Cary Barlowe and Jesse Frasure. History and content Thematically, the song is about a man who plans to participate in various recreational activities, including flip cup, sexual intercourse, and substance intoxication of cannabis. Country Weekly describes the song as \"reggae-indebted\" and said that \"While it retains the party friendly vibe of much of FGL’s work, the loose, stripped-down production is a bit of a departure for the duo\". The group members told the magazine that “It still kinda bumps and it’s still got a cool guitar line and it’s got the whistles going and it’s still groovy. You can’t not shake your head to that song. It’s just a simple song, man. We just try to be very transparent in the way we write and the way we live. There’s nothing better than just kicking back . . . whatever ‘Sun Daze’ is for that person—staying home, making a drink, playing basketball, whatever it may be.” In an article for The Washington Post, Emily Yahr cited the presence of the term \"getting laid\" and the double entendre lyric \"I'll sit you up on a kitchen sink / Stick a pink umbrella in your drink\" as examples of increasingly prominent sexual content in country music in the 2010s. Critical reception The song received mixed to negative reviews from several critics. Hannah Smith for Vinyl Mag says \"this song [is] incredibly catchy in the worst way. There’s nothing wrong with party songs, but there comes a time when an artist needs to evaluate the direction their career is heading. No one wants to hear middle-aged people singing about getting laid and stoned, which this song addresses multiple times.\" Jen Swirsky of Country Music Chat gave the song a more positive review, writing \"Love it or hate it, 'Sun Daze' is witty. Perhaps witty on subjects that may still be a little too liberal for country music, but witty nonetheless.\" Country Weekly reviewer Tammy Ragusa was more moderate, praising the reggae influences of the instrumentation while criticizing the lyrical content. She said that \"their continued attempts to establish themselves as bad boys, gratuitously dropping in overt references to getting 'laid' and 'stoned', are beginning to sound more cartoonish.\" She also wrote that \"This is the kind of thing that sells and garners airplay, and 'Sun Daze' will do well for FGL\", ultimately grading the song \"C+\". Commercial performance The single has been a commercial success for the duo, peaking at No. 3 on the Billboard Hot Country Songs chart and No. 1 on the Country Airplay chart. The song was certified gold by the RIAA on January 29, 2015, and platinum on September 15, 2015. As of April 2015, the single has sold", "title": "Sun Daze" }, { "docid": "12632864", "text": "The 1883 Cincinnati Red Stockings season was a season in American baseball. The team finished third in the American Association with a record of 61–37, 5 games behind the Philadelphia Athletics. Regular season The Red Stockings came into the 1883 season looking to repeat as American Association Champions, as they had a league best record of 55–25 in 1882. During the off-season, the team announced that catcher Pop Snyder would return as player-manager. Cincinnati also made a big signing, as they signed Charley Jones, who played with the Cincinnati Reds of the National League from 1876–1878. Jones had not played professional baseball since 1880, when he played for the Boston Red Caps of the NL, after which he was black-balled from professional baseball. The Red Stockings also signed another former Reds player, John Reilly, who had also last played major league baseball for the Reds in the 1880 season. On the diamond, the Red Stockings were led by Jones, who hit .294 with a team leading ten home runs, as well as a league leading 80 RBI. Reilly hit a team high .311 with nine homers and 79 RBI. On the mound, Will White continued to be the ace of the pitching staff, posting a 43–22 record with 64 complete games and a 2.09 ERA in 577 innings pitched. Season summary Cincinnati started off the season on the right foot, winning their first four games, and had an impressive 11–5 record in their first sixteen ballgames. However, they were 3.5 games behind the Athletics. The Red Stockings would continue to play good baseball, and had a 31–23 record. However, they sat in fourth place. Cincinnati would then go on to win twelve of their next thirteen games to improve to 43–24. However, they only moved up to third place. The Red Stockings would remain in third place for the rest of the season, finishing the year at 61–37, five games behind the Athletics. Season standings Record vs. opponents Game log |- style=\"background:#bfb;\" | 1 || May 1 || Browns || 6–5 || Bank Street Grounds || N/A || 1–0 || W1 |- style=\"background:#bfb;\" | 2 || May 2 || Browns || 12–1 || Bank Street Grounds || N/A || 2–0 || W2 |- style=\"background:#bfb;\" | 3 || May 3 || Browns || 3–2 || Bank Street Grounds || N/A || 3–0 || W3 |- style=\"background:#bfb;\" | 4 || May 5 || Eclipse || 4–2 || Bank Street Grounds || N/A || 4–0 || W4 |- style=\"background:#fbb;\" | 5 || May 7 || Eclipse || 2–5 || Bank Street Grounds || N/A || 4–1 || L1 |- style=\"background:#fbb;\" | 6 || May 8 || Eclipse || 3–4 || Bank Street Grounds || N/A || 4–2 || L2 |- style=\"background:#fbb;\" | 7 || May 10 || @ Buckeyes || 3–4 || Recreation Park || N/A || 4–3 || L3 |- style=\"background:#bfb;\" | 8 || May 12 || @ Buckeyes || 7–6 || Recreation Park || N/A || 5–3 || W1 |- style=\"background:#bfb;\"", "title": "1883 Cincinnati Red Stockings season" }, { "docid": "8451362", "text": "Fall from Grace is an American television film about the lives of Jim Bakker and his then-wife, Tammy Faye Bakker, during the 1980s, starring Kevin Spacey and Bernadette Peters in the lead roles. The film, which depicts the events that led to the PTL scandal and the Bakkers' subsequent downfall, aired on NBC on April 29, 1990, as well as during occasional reruns in later years on the Lifetime Movie Network. Plot In the 1980s, televangelist and PTL Club founder Jim Bakker (Spacey) and his wife Tammy (Peters) decide to expand their PTL television ministry to include a village resort with an amusement park, which they christen Heritage USA. However, during this time, the Bakkers are being investigated for various acts of scandalous behavior, beginning with Jim's 1980 affair with then-church secretary Jessica Hahn. They are also investigated for fraud (specifically, using followers' donated funds to support an upscale lifestyle as well as finance the Heritage USA project). These investigations ultimately led to a highly publicized scandal involving the Bakkers and the PTL ministry in March 1987, which gained national attention. The Bakkers are defrocked and the PTL ministry and Heritage USA are then taken over by another televangelist, Rev. Jerry Falwell. Jim is later sentenced to prison on fraud and conspiracy charges (but this is not depicted in the movie). Subplots in the film deal with Jim and Tammy's constant bickering, as well as Tammy's drug abuse that led to rehabilitation at the Betty Ford Center. Bernadette Peters, as Tammy, sings several gospel songs throughout the movie, including \"Mercy Rewrote My Life\", \"Amazing Grace\", \"God Rides on the Wings of Love\", and \"His Eye Is on the Sparrow\". Peter Matz arranged the music. Cast Kevin Spacey as Jim Bakker Bernadette Peters as Tammy Faye Bakker Richard Herd as Richard Dortch Richard Paul as Rev. Jerry Falwell Annie Wood as Jessica Hahn Beth Grant as Paulene John McLiam as Rev. Aubrey Sara Travis Swords as Patrick Jon Lindstrom as Brian Justin Lord Steven Barr as Bodyguard #1 Rod Britt as Finance Executive Robert Broyles as Construction Foreman Randy Crowder as TV Director Mark Davenport as Real Estate Man Keith Joe Dick as Cowboy Production The rights to the Bakkers' story were sold to NBC Productions in 1987. After Ken Trevey was hired to write the movie, his assistant interviewed the Bakkers. After the bankruptcy trial in 1989, the script was rewritten. Spacey at first declined the role, but finally decided to take it, because of \"Jim's complexity — and a 3½-hour phone conversation with director Arthur.\" Because Tammy's weight fluctuated, Peters sometimes had to have extra padding; she wears false nails and five wigs. The movie cost $3-million-plus to make. A Los Angeles Times article noted that both Peters and Spacey said \"they had doubts about taking part in the show because of the caricature, Saturday Night Live aspect of their characters\", but were assured that they would not play caricatures. Response The Entertainment Weekly reviewer wrote that \"Kevin Spacey", "title": "Fall from Grace (1990 film)" }, { "docid": "31519596", "text": "\"Andy and April's Fancy Party\" (sometimes referred to as \"Fancy Party\") is the ninth episode of the third season of the American comedy television series Parks and Recreation, and the 39th overall episode of the series. It originally aired on NBC in the United States on April 14, 2011. In the episode, Andy and April hold a dinner party, which turns out to be a surprise wedding, much to Leslie's concern. Meanwhile, Ben mulls whether to remain in Pawnee or return to his old job in Indianapolis, and Ann feels extremely uncomfortable while attending a singles mixer. The episode was written by Katie Dippold and directed by Michael Trim. The wedding between Andy and April was a culmination of a romantic subplot between the two characters that began in the second season episode \"Hunting Trip\". The Parks and Recreation staff tried to keep the wedding secret to surprise viewers, but NBC accidentally ran a commercial advertising the wedding two months earlier, after the episode \"Ron & Tammy: Part Two.\" Series co-creator Michael Schur initially said the promo was meant to refer to Ron and his ex-wife Tammy, but later admitted it was an error. \"April and Andy's Fancy Party\" featured several guest performances by actors who appeared in previous episodes, including Ben Schwartz as Jean-Ralphio Saperstein, Josh Duvendeck and Blake Lee as Derek and Ben, Minni Jo Mazzola as Natalie Ludgate, and Mark Rivers, Andrew Burlinson and Alan Yang as Andy's bandmates. According to Nielsen Media Research, the episode was seen by 5.16 million household viewers, a slight increase over the previous original episode, \"Camping\". It received generally positive reviews. Plot During a cold open scene, Ron (Nick Offerman) horrifies the entire parks department by apparently pulling an aching tooth out of his own mouth with a pair of pliers. He later admits it was a prank, as a dentist had removed the tooth the previous day. Later, Andy (Chris Pratt) and April (Aubrey Plaza) invite everyone to a dinner party at the home of Andy's bandmate Burly (Andrew Burlinson), where Andy is living. Ben (Adam Scott) tells Leslie (Amy Poehler) that his boss in Indianapolis wants him back on the road, but he has also been offered a job to work under Chris (Rob Lowe) in Pawnee. Although Leslie wants Ben to stay, she is hesitant to say so outright, disappointing him and leaving him conflicted over which job to take. At the party, Leslie discovers Andy and April plan to surprise everyone by getting married that night. Leslie spends most of the party trying to dissuade them, since they have been dating less than a month and have no place to live. However, Ron believes it is not Leslie's place to interfere with their decision. Tom (Aziz Ansari) is thrilled when Andy makes him his best man, but his excitement lessens when Andy also asks Ron, Chris, and several others to be his \"best men\". Tom tries to throw an impromptu bachelor party and give a speech to", "title": "Andy and April's Fancy Party" }, { "docid": "72285797", "text": "Vale of Atholl Football Club is a football club from Pitlochry in Scotland. History The club was founded in 1878, originally under the name Vale of Athole, a name it used until 1889. The club was one of the inaugural clubs to take part in the Scottish Amateur Cup and as at 2022 is one of the three remaining clubs still entering the competition, although it has never reached the final. The club's main historical significance is as an entrant to the Scottish Cup from 1882 to 1884 and 1888 to 1966. The club did so without any success. The Vale reached the second round proper on only two occasions, the first time in 1883–84, after first round opponents Aberfeldy Breadalbane scratched. The Vale in turn scratched from the second round tie with Dundee Harp F.C. The club won through the qualifying rounds in 1907–08, 1921–22, 1922–23, and 1926–27, before the club finally won its first tie in the competition proper in 1927–28, beating Newton Stewart F.C. 2–1 in the first round; the club lost at St Mirren F.C. in the second, startling the home side by equalizing an early St Mirren goal after Kirk headed a cross from Watson, but conceding a further four goals despite a \"heroic\" defence. The Vale only reached the first round once more via the qualifying rounds, in 1934–35, being drawn to play Hibernian F.C. at home. The club forfeited home advantage to play at Easter Road, and lost 5–0 in front of a crowd of 3,815. In 1954–55, the Scottish Football Association briefly re-organized the competition, by abolishing the qualifying rounds and putting the lower-ranked entrants in the Cup at the first round stage. This lasted three seasons and the Vale lost in the first round every time, the last time 8–2 at Albion Rovers. Despite being an amateur club in an amateur league, the Vale retained its senior status until it was expelled from the Scottish Cup qualifying rounds for 1966–67. This was because the Highland Games were taking place at the Recreation Park when the Scottish FA was demanding its use for Cup ties. Having lost its senior status, the club was never in a high enough league to regain it. The club won the amateur Perthshire League six times between 1920 and 1931; its last triumph in the competition was in 1972. The club was also a 11-time winner of the Perthshire Cup, although that competition was abandoned in 1975. For the 2022–23 season the club is playing in the second division of the Perthshire Amateur Football League. Colours The club's known colours are as follows: Ground The club played at the original Recreation Park in Pitlochry, which now lies at the bottom of Loch Faskally, the area being flooded in 1947 after a dam was built. The club removed its pavilion for reconstruction at a new Recreation Park. Notable players The most famous Vale player is Paul Sturrock, who played for the club in 1973–74, and the following players", "title": "Vale of Atholl F.C." }, { "docid": "21318509", "text": "Lewisdale is an unincorporated community in Prince George's County, Maryland, United States. For statistical purposes, it is considered part of the Chillum census-designated place (CDP). Lewisdale is a neighborhood contained between the Northwest Branch Anacostia River to the east, East West Highway to the south, University Boulevard to the north, and Riggs Road to the west. Neighborhood Character The Lewisdale neighborhood generally consists of medium, one to two-story red-brick houses. Lewisdale neighborhood also includes two apartment complexes: the Newbury Square Apartment Complex and University City Apartment Complex. Education 1. Lewisdale Elementary School (Grades Pre-K through 6) Parks and Recreation Riggs Manor Neighborhood ParkThis park is located on the far southeast side of Lewisdale, where West Park Drive and Sheridan Street end. The Riggs Manor Neighborhood park is also bounded by the Northwest Branch Anacostia River to the east and East West Highway to the south. The Northwest Branch Trail, also notably, passes by this park. The Riggs Manor Park is a small, quiet park that consists of nothing more than a basketball court and bench. Lewisdale Neighborhood ParkThis park is located slightly north of the Riggs Manor Neighborhood Park on West Park Drive. West Park Drive is interrupted by a small area of woods north of this park. West Park Drive continues north to University Boulevard after the woods ends at Banning Place. Similar to the Riggs Manor Park, the Lewisdale Neighborhood Park includes Northwest Branch Anacostia River to the east. The Northwest Branch Trail also passes by this park. The Lewisdale Neighborhood Park is also a quiet park, like the Riggs Manor Neighborhood Park, except the only difference, is that the park has a little more features. The Lewisdale Neighborhood Park features a small playground area and kickball field in addition to the basketball court it offers. Lane Manor Community Park/ Recreation CenterThis park is located on the far north side of Lewisdale, at the intersection of University Boulevard and West Park Drive. Similarly to the Riggs Manor Neighborhood Park and Lewisdale Neighborhood Parks, the Lane Manor Community Park is surrounded by the Northwest Branch Anacostia River. Unlike the other two parks; however, this park is much more busy and full of a lot more action/ park facilities. The Lane Manor Community Park consists of a huge soccer field, a medium-sized playground area, a basketball court, tennis court, a small kickball field, a picnic/ pavilion area, an indoor recreational center facility with a bathroom, and a swimming pool with a small slide. Ice Cream Vending Trucks tend to frequently stop by this park in the spring and summer, since many children and adults buy ice cream at this park when the weather is hot. Additionally, the Lane Manor Community Park is a hot spot for soccer games. Many people play soccer games at this park for leisure, while others join soccer leagues that play competitive soccer games at this park. Historic sites The following is a list of historic sites in Lewisdale identified by the Maryland-National Capital Park and", "title": "Lewisdale, Maryland" }, { "docid": "952201", "text": "Tammy Lyn Homolka (January 1, 1975 – December 24, 1990) was a Canadian girl who was killed by her older sister Karla Homolka and Karla's partner Paul Bernardo. On Christmas Eve 1990, shortly before what would have been Tammy's 16th birthday on New Year's Day (January 1, 1991), Karla and Bernardo plied Tammy with alcoholic drinks laced with the sedative Halcion. When she became unconscious, the two raped her. Tammy became sick while sedated and died. After failed attempts to revive her, Karla covered up evidence of the assault and called an ambulance. Her official cause of death was listed as choking to death on her own vomit, and was believed at the time to have been an accident. After the killers were arrested for the murders of Leslie Mahaffy and Kristen French, Tammy Homolka's body was exhumed. She is interred at Victoria Lawn Cemetery in St. Catharines, Ontario. Biography Tammy Homolka grew up in the neighbourhood of Port Credit to a Czech father and a Canadian mother. She was known for her athletic abilities and she avidly participated in a variety of sports, including track and field, cross country running, and soccer, with soccer being her favourite. She was a grade 10 student at Sir Winston Churchill Secondary School in St. Catharines at the time of her death. Bernardo's involvement From the beginning of their relationship, Karla noticed that Bernardo had taken a particular liking to Tammy. He would often pay special attention to her, and even went so far as to have his girlfriend pretend to be her sister during sex. In September 1990, Karla agreed to allow Paul to have sex with Tammy. She obtained a bottle of Halothane (a liquid general anesthetic) from the veterinary clinic where she worked, which would later be used to sedate Tammy while the two raped her. On December 24, 1990, Tammy was drugged with a combination of Halcion and alcohol, passing out in the family room in the basement of the Homolka house. Tammy's parents and sister Lori were upstairs asleep at the time. They filmed the entire rape, taking turns holding the camera while using the Halothane to keep Tammy unconscious. Three weeks after Tammy Homolka's death, Karla and Bernardo filmed a video called \"The Fireside Chat\" within the Homolka residence. The video was eventually viewed as court evidence. It started in the basement recreation room and at some point the filming moved into Tammy's bedroom. While they were in the recreation room, Karla admitted to Bernardo that she enjoyed Bernardo's rape of Tammy. She also said in the video that she would like to leave a rose at Tammy's grave site. When they were in Tammy's bedroom, Karla dressed up in Tammy's clothing as well as acting like her sister. They had sex on Tammy's bed. In 2001, the magazine Elm Street published an article in which it implied that forensic evidence proved that Tammy's death was not an accident and that her sister had deliberately administered an", "title": "Murder of Tammy Homolka" }, { "docid": "55891710", "text": "Central Park is the first public park in San Mateo, California, a urban park bounded by El Camino Real (to the southwest), 5th Avenue (to the northwest), Laurel Avenue (to the northeast) and 9th Avenue (to the southeast). It was established via a 1922 bond measure of to purchase the land originally owned by Charles B. Polhemus, and currently hosts a baseball field, tennis courts, sculptures, playground, Japanese tea garden, recreation center, miniature train, rose garden and the San Mateo Arboretum. Features Recreation center Central Park's recreation center is leased by Self-Help for the Elderly (SHE), offering activities for approximately 1,000 senior citizens between 8 a.m. and 5 p.m. on weekdays. SHE primarily serves low-income and minority senior citizens. The Central Park location is the only SHE activity center in San Mateo County. The Central Recreation Center offers ceramics classes and a ceramics studio in the park in an auxiliary building adjoining the tennis courts. Closure of the recreation center was first proposed in 2003. The three proposed 2014 updates to the Central Park Master Plan would demolish the existing the recreation center; only one proposal calls for rebuilding the recreation center. Other informal proposals have been advanced to relocate SHE to either the yet-to-be-completed Bay Meadows Park or the existing city senior center on Alameda de las Pulgas, which would decrease access for seniors, who typically have limited options for private automobiles and public transit. Fitzgerald Field (baseball) One of the earliest features at Central Park is the baseball field in the western corner, laid out at the inception of Central Park in 1922. San Mateo's semiprofessional baseball team, the Blues, played at the field from 1924 to 1941, interrupted by World War II, and resumed play in 1948 until the team was disbanded in 1978. Prior to their move to Central Park, the Blues played as an amateur team starting in 1898 at what is now the Martin Luther King Center north of downtown. When they moved to Central Park in 1924, the Blues participated as a semiprofessional team in the California State League, winning several championships during the 1920s and 30s. Justin \"Fitz\" Fitzgerald managed the Blues between 1924 and 1935 after his major-league playing career ended. Light stands were added to the field in 1935, and the grandstand has a capacity of approximately 1,100 people. The field was dedicated for Fitzgerald on August 21, 1960, commemorated by a plaque on the grandstand's exterior wall. Reputedly, Barry Bonds would hit home runs from Fitzgerald Field across bordering El Camino Real while playing high school baseball for Serra. Some proposals in the 2014 Master Plan update included the removal of Fitzgerald Field, which was opposed by local little league officials. The San Mateo City Council showed strong support for retaining Fitzgerald Field in 2015. Tennis courts Central Park has six lighted tennis courts on the roof of a single-level garage parking structure (built 1963). In 2007, a proposal to demolish and replace the parking structure was advanced, as", "title": "Central Park (San Mateo)" }, { "docid": "26729620", "text": "Jim O'Heir (born February 4, 1962) is an American actor and comedian. He is best known for portraying Jerry Gergich on the NBC sitcom Parks and Recreation. O'Heir first became active in Chicago theater and improv during the late 1980s and early 1990s as part of the comedic theater troupe \"White Noise\", and appeared in such plays as The Book of Blanche, Stumpy's Gang and Ad-Nauseam with the group. O'Heir has appeared in several films and made guest appearances on such shows as Friends, Boston Legal, Malcolm in the Middle, Star Trek: Voyager, 3rd Rock from the Sun, ER, Parenthood, Brooklyn Nine-Nine, and Better Call Saul. In 2000, he starred in the Comedy Central series Strip Mall as Harvey Krudup, the husband of protagonist Tammi Tyler, who was played by Julie Brown. Early life and education O'Heir was born in Chicago, and is a graduate of the Thornton Fractional South High School in Lansing, Illinois, and of Loyola University Chicago. Career Theatre O'Heir was active in the Chicago theater during the late 1980s and early 1990s, training and performing improvisational comedy at Chicago's Second City and as a member of the six-person sketch comedy troupe \"White Noise\", which formed in 1987. The group wrote and produced comedic plays that often employed bizarre humor or black comedy. Starting in November 1988, O'Heir appeared in White Noise's production of The Book of Blanche, about a woman who falls through a television screen and ends up in a fantasy world influenced by various television show genres. In July 1989, O'Heir appeared in the Chicago premiere of the Tom Griffin play The Boys Next Door at the Edgewater Theatre Center. O'Heir played Norman Bulansky, a childlike middle-aged mentally handicapped man who works at a doughnut shop. Starting in 1990, O'Heir appeared in White Noise's Stumpy's Gang, a one-act black comedy play by Patrick Cannon. The show played at Stage Left and Strawdog Theatres in Chicago, where it developed a cult following. O'Heir played Frank Bubman, the janitor for a genetics laboratory whose job is to destroy the unsuccessful experiments, which are portrayed by puppets. Frank secretly uses the experiments to stage private shows reminiscent of early television programs. Mary Shen Barnidge of the Chicago Reader said of his performance, \"The grotesquely ursine Jim O'Heir adds a new dimension to the role of the enfant terrible with his uninhibited and enthusiastic portrayal of Frank, who will break your heart even as he turns your stomach.\" Ernest Tucker of the Chicago Sun-Times described O'Heir's performance as very funny and \"unforgettable\", and said he \"held together this funny yet sick apocalyptic fantasy\". Stumpy's Gang closed in the fall of 1991. Also with White Noise, O'Heir appeared in the play Ad-Nauseam, about a pair of writers who create an ad campaign about a character named Rim Shot, played by O'Heir. Rim Shot, dressed as a gladiator costume made up of bristle brushes and toilet detritus. In 2005, O'Heir played the inmate Dale Harding in Dale Wasserman's stage adaption", "title": "Jim O'Heir" }, { "docid": "25885950", "text": "Ronald Ulysses Swanson is a fictional character portrayed by Nick Offerman in the political satire sitcom Parks and Recreation. The character was created by Michael Schur and Greg Daniels with inspiration from a real-life Libertarian elected official. Offerman provided creative input, and aspects of his own personality were folded into the character. Despite the creators' intentions, NBC was initially reluctant to cast Offerman in the role, until the network finally agreed five months later. Ron Swanson is known as the director of the Parks and Recreation Department of Pawnee, Indiana, and the immediate superior of the deputy director Leslie Knope (Amy Poehler). He has a deadpan personality and actively works to make the government less effective. He despises interacting with the public and claims to not be interested in the lives of those around him, but he is shown to care for his colleagues and has particularly strong respect for Knope. He secretly performs as a saxophonist named Duke Silver and fronts a band called the Duke Silver Trio. Offerman's portrayal of Ron Swanson has received widespread critical acclaim. The character developed a cult following and is widely considered the breakout character of the series. He was described by some critics as one of the best characters in a comedy television series in decades, and his platonic relationship with Knope has been compared to that of Mary Richards and Lou Grant in The Mary Tyler Moore Show. For his performance as Ron Swanson, Offerman won the TCA Award for Individual Achievement in Comedy. Development Ron Swanson was created by Parks and Recreation creators Greg Daniels and Michael Schur. While researching for the show in Burbank, Schur met a Libertarian elected official who favored as little government interference as possible, becoming an inspiration for some of Swanson's traits. Swanson is also partially inspired by political appointees of former president George W. Bush who were perceived to be opposed to the branch of government they were overseeing. Nick Offerman had some input into the character's creation, and many aspects of the character were based on the actor's, such as the character's deadpan personality, which Offerman cultivated when he was a lector. Other aspects included his woodworking abilities and experience in stage combat and kabuki. Like Swanson, Offerman played the saxophone, but the writers were not aware of the fact when developing the character. According to Offerman, NBC was initially reluctant to cast him as the character, despite Schur and Daniels' intentions. After the creators refused to find other actors for the role, the network finally acquiesced five months later. Ron became more heavily involved in Parks and Recreation storylines during the second season, and Offerman largely credited Schur with the development of the character. Ron's second ex-wife, Tammy, was played by Offerman's wife, actress and comedian Megan Mullally. Ron's hatred towards Tammy was established early in the creation of the character, and it was Schur who conceived the idea of casting Mullally, to which Offerman responded positively. Character role In the first", "title": "Ron Swanson" }, { "docid": "63779842", "text": "W. Stanley Wadlow (December 25, 1903 – July 27, 1989) was an alderman for East York, Ontario, served as the borough's commissioner of Parks and Recreation, and a former soccer player. Military and Soccer career Wadlow served as a Lieutenant with the Royal Canadian Navy during World War II. He also enjoyed a lengthy career in playing soccer, where he initially began playing in 1917 with the Bolton avenue school team. In 1923, he played in the Inter-City League with Caledonians F.C., and then played in the Senior First Division with Mimico Beach in 1926. In 1929, he played in the National Soccer League with Toronto Maple Leafs. In 1931, he played with Toronto CNR, and later with Toronto Ulster United in 1932. He returned to the Maple Leafs in 1933, where he served as team captain and received the Noble Garrett trophy. In 1938, he was transferred to Toronto Scottish where he retired in 1942. Politics After his soccer career he became involved in East York's public services as a recreation director. In 1961, he contributed in the construction of the East York Recreation Community Centre, which later was renamed in his honor. In 1965, he was named deputy commissioner of Parks and Recreation for East York. In 1971, he retired from his duties as commissioner of Parks and Recreation and was elected to East York's council in 1972 as an alderman for Ward 1. In 1985, he was elected as the vice chairman for East York's Hydro commission and retired in early 1989. Personal life He was married to Lillian French and had two sons Donald and George. He was a member of the United Church of Canada as a lay preacher. He died on July 27, 1989, after a lengthy illness in East York. References 1903 births 1989 deaths Canadian men's soccer players Royal Canadian Navy officers Toronto Ulster United players Toronto Scottish players Canadian National Soccer League players Soccer players from Toronto Metropolitan Toronto councillors People from East York, Toronto Ontario municipal councillors Canadian Christians Men's association football midfielders", "title": "Stan Wadlow" }, { "docid": "24992697", "text": "\"Ron and Tammy\" is the eighth episode of the second season of Parks and Recreation, and the fourteenth overall episode of the series. It originally aired on NBC in the United States on November 5, 2009. In the episode, the library department tries to take control of a vacant lot where Leslie plans to build a park. Ron's ex-wife, one of Leslie's directors, sexually manipulates Ron to get what she wants. The episode was written by Mike Scully and directed by Troy Miller. \"Ron and Tammy\" featured Megan Mullally, the real-life wife of Parks actor Nick Offerman, in a special guest appearance as Ron's ex-wife, Tammy, who appears in several other episodes in the following seasons. According to Nielsen Media Research, it was seen by 4.93 million household viewers; its rating of 2.2 was the season's highest to that point. \"Ron and Tammy\" received highly positive reviews and is widely considered one of the best Parks and Recreation episodes, with many commentators praising Offerman's performance. Tammy later returned for the third season sequel episode, \"Ron & Tammy: Part Two\" and several subsequent episodes. Plot Andy (Chris Pratt) takes over as the shoeshiner at the Pawnee town hall, replacing \"Old Gus\" (Jack Carter), who insults everybody during a farewell party. Later, Mark (Paul Schneider) breaks the bad news to Leslie (Amy Poehler) that the Pawnee library has placed a planning claim for Lot 48, which Leslie has been working to turn into a park. Leslie and the rest of the parks department express hatred for the library, which Leslie declares a \"diabolical, ruthless bunch of bureaucrats\", much to the confusion of Ann (Rashida Jones). Ron (Nick Offerman) is particularly angry to learn his ex-wife Tammy (Megan Mullally), who he insists is evil incarnate, is the new library director. Leslie decides to confront Tammy directly, only to find Tammy seems to be a friendly woman who instantly agrees to let Leslie have Lot 48 as a \"professional courtesy\". Impressed, Leslie brings Tammy to the parks department so she can talk to Ron and work out their differences. Tammy and an agitated Ron go off to have coffee, and Donna (Retta) insists to Leslie that the arrangement is a mistake because the two act crazy when they are together. At a local diner, Ron and Tammy immediately start a very loud argument in front of the other patrons. Moments later, however, the two are publicly making out on the table in front of everyone. The two rush off to a motel, where they frantically remove their clothing before even entering the building. Ann and her boyfriend Mark run into Andy, Ann's ex-boyfriend. Andy flirts with Ann in front of Mark, and openly admits he plans to win her back from him. Mark asks advice from Tom (Aziz Ansari), who suggests Mark should take the high road (although Tom tells the documentary crew that he never takes the high road, but tells everyone else to do so, so there is more room for him", "title": "Ron and Tammy" }, { "docid": "55192530", "text": "On the morning of September 20, 2014, Tammy Kingery (born April 13, 1977), a nurse in South Carolina, called her husband Park from work and asked him to take her home as she was not feeling well. He did, and afterwards went to run some errands with his two sons. When they returned, the house was locked and Tammy was not there. A note inside the house, apparently left by Tammy, said she was going for a walk and would be back soon, but she never returned and has not been seen since. Tammy's family said it would have been unusual for her to leave a note, or walk in the woods near their North Augusta home. In the house, she had left her purse, phone, and keys, which would have been needed to lock the door. An extensive search of the area around the house turned up no sign of her. Investigation by local police revealed that she had been exchanging texts with two men in the area, but police do not believe that is related to her disappearance. She had suffered depression. The case has been the subject of an episode of the Investigation Discovery series Disappeared. Background Kingery, a native of Northwest Indiana, met her husband Park Kingery there in the mid-1990s when the two worked together at a local drugstore. On September 20, 1994, the two were engaged. After their marriage, the couple had three children and settled down in a house they built in a wooded area of Edgefield County, South Carolina, just north of North Augusta, near where Park Kingery had gotten a job as a welder. After finishing a degree in nursing in 2001, Tammy took a job as a nurse in a local branch of the NHC Healthcare nursing home. She was still working there in September 2014. Her marriage to Kingery was strained. While her father, who still lived in Indiana, says he was not aware of any marital or psychological issues his daughter may have had at that time, her mother says the couple had grown distant from each other since their youngest son was born and had considered divorce. Tammy had an ongoing struggle with depression for which she took medication; it had led to extramarital affairs and attempts to take her own life. During the first weeks of September, Tammy seemed to be suffering physically—according to Park she had missed a few days of work, which was unlike her. She often went to bed shortly after returning from work. Park says Tammy believed no treatment would work. In the middle of that month, around September 16, Tammy began having trouble sleeping. One night she woke up sweating so severely she had to change her clothes. She confided this to her two sisters, with whom she spoke regularly. They advised her to make an appointment to see the doctor, which she did, for September 21. Disappearance On the morning of September 20, 2014, Tammy went to work her shift", "title": "Disappearance of Tammy Kingery" }, { "docid": "7007208", "text": "Emily Kapnek (born March 27, 1972) is an American television creator, writer and producer. Kapnek is best known for creating the animated program As Told by Ginger as well as the television series Suburgatory and Selfie. She was a consulting producer on the television series Parks and Recreation and has written the theme songs for several shows. Career In 1999, Kapnek created the Nickelodeon series As Told by Ginger which was produced by Eryk Casemiro, Gábor Csupó, and Arlene Klasky. Kapnek also voiced the character of Noelle Sussman. In 2005, Kapnek had two pilots produced. \"Wiener Park\" starred Donal Logue and Fred Willard for FOX and Emily's Reasons Why Not for ABC, which starred Heather Graham and was based on a novel of the same name. The latter was picked up to series and premiered on 9 January 2006, but was cancelled after the first episode. In 2007, Kapnek wrote and was a consulting producer for Aliens in America, which aired on The CW. In 2008, Kapnek wrote a pilot for Fox titled The Emancipation of Ernesto, which starred Wilmer Valderrama. In 2009, Kapnek served as a co-executive producer and wrote two episodes for the HBO show Hung which premiered on 28 June 2009, and ran for three seasons. From 2010 to 2011, Kapnek was a consulting producer on the third season of the NBC series Parks and Recreation, which starred Amy Poehler and Nick Offerman. Kapnek penned the episode \"Ron and Tammy Part Two.\" In January 2011, it was announced ABC had picked up the pilot for Suburgatory, a show which Kapnek created. The series starred Jeremy Sisto and Jane Levy. Suburgatory premiered on 28 September 2011 and ran for three seasons. She had a Warner Bros. Television-affiliated production company called Piece of Pie Productions. In the same year Kapnek created Selfie, which starred Karen Gillan and John Cho. Selfie ran for just one season but developed a cult following after its cancellation. In 2015, Kapnek was given a pilot commitment for Front Man, a new FOX series created by Kapnek, which would have been produced by Elizabeth Banks, and Max Handelman. However, the pilot did not move to production. In 2018, Kapnek wrote and produced the ABC pilot Splitting Up Together, starring Jenna Fischer and Oliver Hudson which was picked up to series and ran for two seasons on ABC. Kapnek's new banner \"Specifica Productions\" (specificaproductions.com) launched in 2019 as part of her deal with ABC Studios, a three-year contract. Her former production company which worked with Warner Brothers Television was Piece of Pie Productions. In February 2020, an ABC pilot order was signed for a show starring Quintessa Swindell for Wild Child, but there were no further developments on the project. In November 2021, it was reported that Kapnek is working again with Selfie star Gillan and Danny Elfman on a musical animation for Disney+ called Rhona Who Lives by the River. Personal life In December 2008, Emily Kapnek married Dan Lagana. They have two children, Oszkar", "title": "Emily Kapnek" } ]

[ "Patricia Clarkson" ]

[ { "docid": "70848753", "text": "Korea: The Mobile War is a board wargame published by Simulations Publications Inc. (SPI) in 1969 that simulates the Korean War. Background Following World War II and the start of the Cold War, the United States and the Soviet Union agreed to divide Korea at the 38th parallel. After several border clashes in the late 1940s, North Korean forces unexpectedly invaded South Korea and successfully pushed to within a few kilometers of the southernmost part of South Korea. A United Nations force successfully landed behind the North Koreans at Incheon and cut off large numbers of North Koreans. Those who escaped encirclement retreated back to North Korea in disorder. The United Nations forces followed and were able to push to within a few kilometers of the Chinese border. At this point a large Chinese force entered the war, pushing the United Nations back into South Korea. After several back-and-forth offensives and counter-offensives, the front stabilized near the original border and became a war of attrition. Description Korea is a two-player wargame in which one player controls the United Nations forces, and the other player controls the North Korean and Chinese forces. The game comes with three scenarios: Invasion: The North Korean incursion from 25 June 1950 to 21 September 1950. (17 turns) Intervention: The intercession of the United Nations and the rout of the North Koreans, 26 November 1950 to 20 January 1951. (9 turns) Stalemate: The sudden assault of Chinese forces and the resultant deadlock, 20 January 1951 to 23 June 1951. (21 turns) These scenarios can be combined into one 52-turn campaign game that covers the entire war. There are also twelve \"what if\" scenarios that change various factors such as earlier or later invasion or intervention, etc. Components The game box contains: 23\" x 29\" paper hex grid map scaled at 16 km (10 mi) per hex 255 die-cut counters a map-folded rules sheet small six-sided die In the original \"Test Series\" edition, packaged in an envelope, the counters were paper and needed to be cut apart, and a die was not included. Gameplay The game uses an alternating \"I Go, You Go\" system of movement. The first player has three phases: First Movement: All units may move Combat: All units within range may fire upon enemy units Second movement: All units may move again. The second player then has the same phases. This completes one turn, which represents one week of game time. Units are not allowed to \"stack\" (no more than one counter per hex) except during retreat situations if stacking is unavoidable. There are also rules for naval gunfire, sea transport, invasions, and fortifications. Publication history In 1969, Avalon Hill dominated the wargame market, producing on average, one game per year with well-produced but expensive components. At the newly founded wargame publisher SPI, Jim Dunnigan and his design team decided to go in the opposite direction, marketing a number of very cheaply made \"test games\" to prove that producing many games a year could", "title": "Korea: The Mobile War" }, { "docid": "29581270", "text": "The Battle of Korea Strait was a single ship action fought on the first day of the Korean War, 25–26 June 1950, between the navies of South Korea and North Korea. A North Korean troop transport carrying hundreds of soldiers attempted to land its invasion force near Busan but was encountered by a South Korean patrol ship and sunk. It was one of the first surface actions of the war and resulted in an important South Korean victory. Battle The Korean War began on 25 June 1950 with a massive North Korean invasion of South Korea which nearly overran the country. During the invasion, a North Korean steamer was assigned to insert troops along the peninsula's southeastern coast. The merchant ship of 1,000 tons was armed with machine guns and loaded with 600 soldiers of the 766th Independent Infantry Regiment. It was early morning when the Republic of Korea Navy submarine chaser ROKS Bak Du San spotted the lone enemy steamer eighteen miles from Busan. The chaser, also formerly American, was the lead vessel of the South Korean Navy. Bak Du San first challenged the steamer with signal lights and received no response. But when the South Koreans turned on their searchlights, the North Koreans opened fire, hitting the Bak Du Sans bridge. The helmsman was killed and the officer of the deck seriously wounded. Bak Du San returned fire with her main 3-inch anti-aircraft gun and six .50-caliber machine guns. After the North Koreans began taking hits, they attempted to flee the engagement, but were chased by the Bak Du San in a running battle that ended with the steamer being sunk near Tsushima Island, with heavy loss of life. The victory was a major strategic gain. Busan was vital but only lightly defended, and if it had fallen the North Koreans would have been one step closer to completely overrunning the country. See also List of single-ship actions Notes References Korea Strait June 1950 events in Asia Korea Strait Battles and operations of the Korean War in 1950 Battles of the Korean War involving South Korea Battles of the Korean War involving North Korea Naval battles involving North Korea", "title": "Battle of Korea Strait" } ]

[ { "docid": "36262221", "text": "Commitment (; lit. \"Alumnus\" or \"The Graduate\") is a 2013 South Korean action drama film starring Choi Seung-hyun, Han Ye-ri, Yoon Je-moon, Jo Sung-ha and Kim Yoo-jung. He plays the teenage son of an ex-North Korean agent who is tasked to kill a North Korean assassin in South Korea in order to save his younger sister. The film is about third generation Koreans since the division of the peninsula and the Korean War, historical events that the teenage characters did not directly experience, but nevertheless, change their lives and destinies. Plot Nineteen-year-old Li Myung-hoon (Choi Seung-hyun) never imagined he would become a killer. Born to a privileged life in North Korea, his dream was to become a pianist. But when his father, a North Korean spy, dies disgraced, Myung-hoon and his younger sister Hye-in (Kim Yoo-jung) are sent to a \"guilt-by-association\" forced labor camp. Their father's superior, high-ranking military official Colonel Moon (Jo Sung-ha) proposes a deal to Myung-hoon: if he goes down to the South as a \"technician\" (an assassin) and finishes what his father had failed to accomplish, he and his sister will be released from the prison camp. Myung-hoon accepts the deal and undergoes two years of intense training. Myung-hoon finally arrives in South Korea under the guise of a North Korean defector. He is adopted by a South Korean couple who are actually North Korean spies and enrolls at a local high school. He gradually befriends Hye-in (Han Ye-ri), a bullied schoolgirl who shares the same name as his sister and has aspirations of becoming a professional dancer. Myung-hoon then receives his mission: in order to rescue his sister and go back home to the North, he must locate and take out \"Big Dipper\" (Jung Ho-bin), a North Korean agent working for the opposing government faction. Meanwhile, a power struggle ensues in North Korea with the failing health of dictator Kim Jong-il, and Myung-hoon quickly becomes a liability and must ultimately cope with Colonel Moon's treachery. Cast Choi Seung-hyun – Li Myung-hoon / Kang Dae-ho (cover identity used in South Korea) Han Ye-ri – Lee Hye-in Yoon Je-moon – Cha Jung-min, South Korean National Intelligence Service agent Jo Sung-ha – Moon Sang-chul, North Korean senior colonel Kim Yoo-jung – Li Hye-in, Myung-hoon's younger sister Jung Ho-bin – \"Big Dipper,\" North Korean agent Kwak Min-seok – North Korean agent, Myung-hoon's adoptive father in South Korea Kim Sun-kyung – North Korean agent, Myung-hoon's adoptive mother in South Korea; cover identity as pharmacist Dong Hyun-bae – one of the bullies Kim Min-jae – North Korean agent Lee Joo-shil – North Korean agent Park Ji-il – South Korean agent Kang Bit Park Sung-woong – Li Young-ho Myung-hoon and Hye-in's father Dong Hyun-bae – as the troubled kid's friend Yoo Jae-myung – Kim Sun-myung Head of Recon Bureau Unit 8. \"Defected\" in 1992. Release The film was released in South Korea on November 6, 2013, opening at number 2 in the box office. On its opening weekend, it sold 689,600 tickets,", "title": "Commitment (2013 film)" }, { "docid": "29578885", "text": "Logistics in the Battle of Pusan Perimeter (August 4 – September 15, 1950) during the Korean War played a decisive role in the battle. Efficient logistics, the management of personnel and materiel, supported United Nations (UN) supply lines while the North Koreans' routes of supply were steadily reduced and cut off. UN logistics improved throughout the Battle of Inchon and the defeat of the North Korean army at Busan. UN forces, consisting mostly of troops from the Republic of Korea (ROK), the United States (US), and United Kingdom (UK), enjoyed overwhelming air and sea superiority during the battle. The UN efficiently procured and transported supplies from a large stockpile of materiel in nearby Japan. In contrast, North Korean logistics were hampered by UN interdiction campaigns which slowed the flow of supplies from North Korea to the battle. Though supported logistically by the Soviet Union and China during the battle, North Koreans often had difficulties getting their supplies from depots to the front lines, leaving North Korean troops unsupported during several crucial engagements. Background Outbreak of war On the night of June 25, 1950, ten divisions of North Korea's Korean People's Army (KPA) launched a full-scale invasion on the nation's neighbor to the south, the Republic of Korea. The force of 89,000 men moved in six columns, catching the Republic of Korea Army by surprise, resulting in a complete rout. The smaller South Korean army suffered from widespread lack of organization and equipment, and it was unprepared for war. Numerically superior, North Korean forces destroyed isolated resistance from the 38,000 South Korean soldiers on the front before it began moving steadily south. Most of South Korea's forces retreated in the face of the invasion. By June 28, the North Koreans had captured South Korea's capital of Seoul, forcing the government and its shattered army to retreat further south. To prevent South Korea's complete collapse, the United Nations Security Council voted to send military forces. The United States' Seventh Fleet dispatched Task Force 77, led by the fleet carrier USS Valley Forge; the British Far East Fleet also dispatched several ships, including HMS Triumph, to provide air and naval support. Although the navies blockaded North Korea and launched aircraft to delay the North Korean forces, these efforts alone did not stop the North Korean Army juggernaut on its southern advance. To supplement the air support, US President Harry S. Truman ordered ground troops into the country. Although the Eighth United States Army's US 24th Infantry Division was in Japan and was available to respond to the situation, cuts in military spending after the end of World War II meant that the overall strength of the US military in the Far East was limited and the division itself was understrength and operating outmoded equipment. Nevertheless, the division was ordered into Korea. The 24th Infantry Division was the first US unit sent into Korea with the mission to take the initial \"shock\" of North Korean advances alongside the South Korean army, delaying much larger", "title": "Battle of Pusan Perimeter logistics" }, { "docid": "41472232", "text": "The history and development of the tank in the South Korea spans the period from their adoption after World War II with the foundation of the South Korean army, into the Cold War and the present. Over this period Korea has moved from being an operator of United States designed and produced tanks to being the designer and manufacturer of tanks in its own right. Overview History of the South Korean army Despite the initial plan of a unified Korea in the 1943 Cairo Declaration, escalating Cold War antagonism between the Soviet Union and the United States eventually led to the establishment of separate governments, each with its own ideology, leading to Korea's division into two political entities in 1948: North Korea and South Korea. In the North, a former anti-Japanese guerrilla and communist activist, Kim Il Sung gained power through Soviet support. In the South, elections supervised by the United Nations were held, a Republic of Korea was declared, and Syngman Rhee inaugurated as its first president. In December, the UN General Assembly declared this \"a lawful government\" and \"the only such government in Korea.\" The United States engaged in the decolonization of Korea (mainly in the South, with the Soviet Union engaged in North Korea) from Japan after World War II. After three years of military administration by the United States, the South Korean government was established. Syngman Rhee was an anti-Communist, pro-capitalist autocrat that wanted an unified Korea under his rule. He consistently pleaded to the United States for weapons, armor, and warplanes but was denied repeatedly. The state of the newly established South Korean Army was pitiful and meager. Short on heavy weapons, tanks, warplanes, and sometimes even basic small arms, South Korean troops were largely ill disciplined, rough, and incompetent due to not enough funding and training from being recently established. When North Korea had finished preparations for an unification war (large scale mobilization drills, more robust economy than South Korea, centralized rule under Kim Il-sung, stock up of weaponry from the Soviet Union and soon to be Chinese Koreans repatriating from China to bolster the North Korean military from either 50% to 100% of its numbers in 1950), border troops were allowed to provoke South Korea's border troops. A few days before the outbreak of the Korean Civil War, South Korean troops attacked in retaliation for a provocation. North Korea utilized its readiness state to muster its forces within 3 days. On June 25, 1950, North Korea invaded South Korea, sparking the Korean War, the Cold War's first major conflict that continued until 1953. When the North Koreans invaded South Korea in June 1950, using T-34s, the South Koreans had no armor of their own so had to retreat in the face of North Korean tanks. North Korean troops were better trained, had better morale, were versed in guerrilla penetration attack tactics. North Korea nearly reunified the entirety of the Korean Peninsula. Soon after the invasion of South Korea, the United Nations voted to", "title": "Tanks of South Korea" }, { "docid": "2821477", "text": "The Battle of Osan () was the first engagement between the United States and North Korea during the Korean War. On July 5, 1950, Task Force Smith, an American task force of 540 infantry supported by an artillery battery, was moved to Osan, south of Seoul, the capital of South Korea, and was ordered to fight as a rearguard to delay the advancing North Korean forces while more US troops arrived to form a stronger defensive line to the south. The task force lacked both anti-tank guns and effective infantry anti-tank weapons and had been equipped with obsolete 2.36-inch (60 mm) rocket launchers and a few 57 mm recoilless rifles. Aside from a limited number of HEAT shells for the unit's 105 mm howitzers, crew-served weapons that could defeat T-34/85 tanks from the Soviet Union had not yet been distributed to the US Army forces in South Korea. A North Korean tank column equipped with ex-Soviet T-34/85 tanks overran the task force in the first encounter and continued its advance south. After the North Korean tank column had breached US lines, the task force opened fire on a force of some 5,000 North Korean infantry that were approaching its position, which held up their advance. North Korean troops eventually flanked and overwhelmed the US positions, and the rest of the task force retreated in disorder. Outbreak of war During the night of June 25, 1950, ten divisions of the North Korean People's Army launched a full-scale invasion of its southern neighbor, the Republic of Korea. The North Korean force of 89,000 men moved in six columns, caught the Republic of Korea Armed Forces by surprise, and routed them. The smaller South Korean Army suffered from widespread lack of organization and equipment and was unprepared for war. The numerically-superior North Korean forces destroyed isolated resistance from the 38,000 South Korean soldiers on the front before they began moving steadily to the south. Most South Korean forces retreated in the face of the invasion. The North Koreans had captured South Korea's capital, Seoul, by June 28, which forced the government and its shattered army to retreat further south. To prevent South Korea's collapse, the UN Security Council voted to send military forces. The US Seventh Fleet dispatched Task Force 77, led by the fleet carrier USS Valley Forge; the British Far East Fleet dispatched several ships, including HMS Triumph, to provide air and naval support. Although the navies blockaded North Korea and launched aircraft to delay the North Korean forces, those efforts alone did not stop the North Korean Army juggernaut on its southern advance. US President Harry S. Truman ordered ground troops into the country to supplement the air support. The strength of US forces in the Far East, however, had steadily declined since the end of World War II, five years earlier, and the closest unit was the 24th Infantry Division of the Eighth United States Army, headquartered in Japan. Military spending cuts meant that the division was understrength and", "title": "Battle of Osan" }, { "docid": "3581163", "text": "Welcome to Dongmakgol (), also known as Battle Ground 625 (UK), is a 2005 South Korean war comedy-drama film. Based on the same-titled long-running stage play by filmmaker/playwright Jang Jin, Park Kwang-hyun's debut film was a commercial and critical success. The story is set in Korea during the Korean War in 1950. Soldiers from both the North and South, as well as an American pilot, find themselves in a secluded village, its residents largely unaware of the outside world, including the war. It was South Korea's official entry for the foreign language film category of the Academy Awards in 2005, and at the time the fourth highest grossing South Korean film of all time. Plot In September 1950, during the Korean War, a U.S. Navy pilot named Neil Smith (Steve Taschler) is caught in a mysterious storm of butterflies and crash-lands his plane in a remote and mountainous part of Korea. He is found by villagers from the nearby mountain village of Dongmakgol, who nurse him back to health. Dongmakgol is cut off from the outside world – its inhabitants have no knowledge of modern technology and are blissfully unaware of the massive conflict raging across Korea. Smith hands a Korean-English primer to Teacher Kim (Jo Deok-hyeon), the village scholar, in an effort to communicate, but Mr Kim effectively gives up when Smith begins a barrage of complaints after being asked in English, \"How are you?\" as an introductory greeting. Meanwhile, not far from the village, a platoon of North Korean soldiers is ambushed by a South Korean unit, and the ensuing skirmish leaves most of the North Koreans dead. The surviving North Korean soldiers manage to escape through a mountain passage. The North Korean soldiers, Rhee Soo-hwa (Jung Jae-young), Jang Young-hee (Im Ha-ryong), and Seo Taek-gi (Ryu Deok-hwan) are found by an absent-minded girl from Dongmakgol, named Yeo-il (Kang Hye-jung). She leads them to the village where, to the North Koreans' alarm, they find two South Korean soldiers, Pyo Hyun-chul (Shin Ha-kyun) and Moon Sang-sang (Seo Jae-kyung). The South Korean soldiers, both of whom had deserted their units and escaped into the mountains, had also been led to Dongmakgol by another villager. The unexpected encounter triggers a Mexican standoff that lasts until the next day. Initially, the villagers are rounded up between the North and South Koreans, but having no idea what the fuss is about they slowly drift away to go about their own business (despite some of the soldiers' efforts to intimidate them into submission). The villagers, who are unfamiliar with the soldiers' weapons, continue to watch on the sidelines and wonder why the two sides are waving \"sticks\" and \"painted potatoes\" at each other (which are actually rifles and grenades, respectively). In fact, Yeo-il gleefully pulls out the pin from Taek-gi's grenade (mistaking it for a ring), sending the soldiers into further panic. The confrontation ends only when Taek-gi, worn by fatigue, accidentally drops his now-armed grenade. While everyone else ducks for cover, Hyun-chul heroically throws", "title": "Welcome to Dongmakgol" }, { "docid": "33281766", "text": "Germany–North Korea relations () are the bilateral relations between Germany and the Democratic People's Republic of Korea (DPRK), commonly known as North Korea. During the Cold War, East Germany maintained diplomatic relations only with North Korea, while West Germany maintained diplomatic relations only with South Korea. East Germany ceased to exist upon German reunification, which meant that diplomatic relations no longer existed between Germany and North Korea. The two countries appointed protecting powers to represent their interests in the other country, Sweden being the protecting power for Germany, and China being the protecting power for North Korea. Germany and North Korea established diplomatic relations with each other in 2001. The German embassy in Pyongyang remains in the old East German embassy compound, which is now shared with the Swedish and British embassies. Since the establishment of diplomatic relations, there have been no visits of government delegations at ministerial level to Germany or North Korea. However, there have been several official visits to North Korea by members of the German Bundestag. According to a 2013 BBC World Service Poll, only 3% of Germans view North Korea's influence positively, with 90% expressing a negative view, one of the most negative perceptions of North Korea in the world. History After the second world war, Korea was split into two parts: North and South Korea. North Korea under Kim Il Sung established during the Cold War diplomatic relationship with former East Germany (GDR), right after the foundation of the Democratic People's Republic of Korea on 9 September 1948. East Germany sought connections for trade, educational exchange and manifestations as a communist power with the Asian country. After the former USSR and the People's Republic of China, East Germany was the third biggest provider of money to North Korea to fight capitalism. This was done in the communist way of thinking it was clear to help loyal friends in any ways which can be imagined. Kim Il Sung also enjoyed a close personal relationship with East German First Secretary Erich Honecker. Honecker visited Pyongyang in 1977, while Kim reciprocated by visiting East Berlin in 1980. From 1955 to 1962, the East German government ran a large-scale programme to reconstruct the port cities of Hamhung and Hungnam which had been severely damaged by US air raids during the Korean War (1950–53). Called the Deutsche Arbeitsgruppe (DAG), the team consisted of city planners, architects, technical personnel and craftsmen, who built residential and industrial areas, hospitals, schools, hotels, a concert hall, and an outdoor swimming pool. The work was funded by the East German government and donations from East German citizens. The first Head of City Planning for the Hamhŭng project was the Bauhaus trained architect Konrad Püschel. After the Sino-Soviet split in 1960, North Korea was loyal to the PRC's Mao, but East Germany grew closer with the Soviet Union. Because of that the once growing close relationship stagnated. For example, North Korean exchange students who studied at universities in East Germany had to go back to", "title": "Germany–North Korea relations" }, { "docid": "48767197", "text": "The North Korean occupation of South Korea from June to September, 1950 constituted the first phase of the Korean War. On June 25, 1950, The Korean People's Army (KPA) crossed the 38th parallel between North and South Korea. The KPA advanced at an incredible speed, capturing Seoul on June 28, 1950. Thus began the three-months of North Korean occupation in South Korea. This occupation was ended by a UN counteroffensive in September 30 following the landing on Inchon. This period of occupation is commonly described as \"(Korea) under people's republican rule\" (). North Korean system in the South The attempt at a North Korean \"revolution\" in the South similar to the one in the North from 1945 to 1950 was organized and disciplined for the most part. Although the process did include violence against those considered traitors or enemies of the people, the \"three-month KPA occupation of Seoul and a large part of South Korea was far from a reign of terror\". This was reflected in the ways the North Koreans implemented land reform, formed the women's and youth organizations, re-established the people's committees, and structured indoctrination efforts through propaganda. Getting rid of the \"enemies of the people\" Once the North Koreans entered Seoul, they initiated mass killings of actual or suspected anti-communists, and the more important political figures were taken to jail. Those specifically targeted were \"former Japanese collaborators, high ranking members of the Rhee regime, the National Police, and members of right-wing youth groups\". Executions were at times conducted by hastily organized \"people's courts\"; otherwise, those considered resistors to the North Korean regime were shot on the spot. Around 3,000 citizens died due to such organized round-ups. Apart from these executions, the KPA and their associates were \"careful, at least in the initial occupation, to avoid arbitrary and brutal dispensation of justice.\" The people's committees The North Koreans re-established people's committees. Upon the end of the Second World War and Korea's liberation from Japan, Koreans had formed local governing bodies, called \"people's committees,\" to maintain order in many different localities. When the Americans entered the South on September 8, 1945, they immediately sought to disband the people's committees. The restoration of the people's committees was declared in Kim Il Sung's first radio address after the Korean War broke out. The North Korean occupation's revival of people's committees was seen to symbolize independence from the Americans. In Seoul, the Seoul's People's committee, led mostly by southerners, was organized swiftly. The committee sought to confiscate all Japanese property, and that of the ROK (Republic of Korea) government, Seoul's government officials, and \"monopoly capitalists.\" Although many political figures were either killed or put to jail, some avoided this fate by joining Seoul's people's committee, such as O Man-sop, Cho So-ang, and Kim Kyu-sik. Yi Sung-yop, a southerner, was given the position of chairman of the Seoul People's Committee by the KPA (Korean People's Army). Land reform The North Korean system of land reform began in early July. These land reform measures", "title": "North Korean occupation of South Korea" }, { "docid": "3672826", "text": "The term liberal hawk refers to a politically liberal person (generally, in the American sense of the term) who supports a hawkish, interventionist foreign policy. Overview Past U.S. presidents Franklin D. Roosevelt, Harry S. Truman, John F. Kennedy and Lyndon B. Johnson have been described as liberal hawks for their roles in bringing about America's status as the world's premier military power. The Clinton Doctrine can also be considered as consistent with this vision. Today the term is most frequently used to describe liberals and leftists who supported or still support the decision to invade Iraq in 2003, which was authorized by the United States Congress and ordered by president George W. Bush. The war has stirred heated controversy among all political sides of the debate. The American left was divided over the issue of whether going to war in Iraq was the right decision, as some liberals felt that they should support the war, in accordance with their philosophy of liberal internationalism, which had caused them to support military intervention earlier. One document often cited as promoting a liberal hawkish point of view is Progressive Internationalism: A Democratic National Security Strategy, published by the Progressive Policy Institute in October 2003. Another document related to the philosophy is a letter to President Bush sent by Social Democrats USA in February 2003, which urged the military overthrow of Saddam Hussein's regime. In January 2004, Paul Berman, Thomas Friedman, Christopher Hitchens, George Packer, Kenneth Pollack, Jacob Weisberg, Fareed Zakaria, and Fred Kaplan participated in a five-day online forum, Liberal Hawks Reconsider the Iraq War, in which they discussed whether they had been correct in advocating military action against Saddam Hussein's regime. Kaplan by that point had renounced his prior support, but the general consensus among the participants was that, despite the absence of weapons of mass destruction in Iraq, the war had still been justified on humanitarian grounds. In his book The Good Fight, published in 2006, Peter Beinart renounced his prior support for the Iraq War: \"I was too quick to give up on containment, too quick to think time was on Saddam's side.\" Opposition to the Sunshine Policy The Sunshine Policy is the dovish foreign policy with North Korea of South Korean liberals, and Donald Trump or Trumpists have also expressed support, but mainstream American liberals, dubbed the 'Washington establishment', de facto oppose the policy and support hawkish foreign policy toward North Korea, creating a conflict with South Korean liberals. Despite being a liberal, U.S. President Barack Obama opposed the Sunshine Policy and preferred a hawkish foreign policy toward North Korea called \"Strategic Patience Policy\". U.S. liberals' hostile diplomatic approach to North Korea has made South Korea liberals prefer Donald Trump diplomatically to South Korean conservatives. In the 2020 United States presidential election, Hong Joon-pyo, a right-wing populist politician known as a Korean Trumpist, supported Joe Biden. The current president of South Korea Yoon Suk-yeol, dubbed the \"K-Trump\" in South Korean media, defended Joe Biden's policy toward North Korea, opposing", "title": "Liberal hawk" }, { "docid": "76156484", "text": "Cuba–South Korea relations are the bilateral relations between Cuba and South Korea. Cuba and South Korea formally established relations on 14 February 2024. Neither country has a resident ambassador. Cuba has a non resident ambassador in Tokyo and South Korea has a non resident ambassador in Mexico City. History The delay to establish relations stemmed from the special situation of the division between the North and the South. In 1948, when the Republic of Korea (South Korea) was recognized as a member of the international community with the establishment of its government, Cuba also recognized the Republic of Korea on 12 July 1949. It also provided $2.79 million in aid to the Republic of Korea during the Korean War. However, Cuba, which established a socialist system through the Cuban Revolution led by Fidel Castro in 1959, announced its special relationship with the Democratic People's Republic of Korea (North Korea), which shared a socialist and anti-American line, and severed ties with the Republic of Korea. As a result, Cuba has been hostile to South Korea, which was part of the Western bloc, led by the United States, during the Cold War, and has emphasized its friendship with North Korea by boycotting the 1988 Summer Olympics in Seoul, South Korea, along with North Korea. Cuba turned to pragmatic diplomacy in order to overcome economic difficulties caused by the end of the Cold War system and the tightening of U.S. sanctions, but it was lukewarm in establishing diplomatic relations with the Republic of Korea because it has valued diplomatic relations with the Democratic People's Republic of Korea. At the United Nations General Assembly in October 1999 during the Kim Dae-jung administration, the Republic of Korea voted for the first time in favor of a resolution calling for the lifting of the U.S. embargo on Cuba, and in 2000 it announced its first proposal to normalize relations with Cuba. Later, during the Lee Myung-bak administration, the establishment of consular relations with Cuba was proposed, and the Park Geun-hye, Moon Jae-in, and Yoon Suk-yeol governments also proposed the establishment of diplomatic relations with Cuba, but this was not done due to the Cuban government's passive attitude. In 2005, the Korea Trade-Investment Promotion Agency (KOTRA) established a trade center in Havana, playing a key role in trade and commerce exchanges between the Republic of Korea and Cuba. Despite the fact that Cuba did not have diplomatic relations with the Republic of Korea, Cuba has been actively engaged in economic and cultural exchanges. In 2016, South Korean Foreign Minister Yun Byung-se visited Cuba for the first time and conveyed his intention to establish diplomatic relations with Cuba. Several meetings with foreign ministers followed, but no concrete agreement was reached. Prior to the establishment of diplomatic relations between South Korea and Cuba, the Embassy of the Republic of Korea in Mexico served as consular officer for Cuba, and the Embassy of Cuba in Japan served as consular officer for the Republic of Korea under the Cuban government. Diplomatic", "title": "Cuba–South Korea relations" }, { "docid": "29433722", "text": "The British ambassador to South Korea is in charge of the United Kingdom's diplomatic mission to South Korea. The official title is His Britannic Majesty's Ambassador to the Republic of Korea (ROK). History Under the Imperial Chinese tributary system, Korea was a tributary state to China. After the United Kingdom–Korea Treaty of 1883 British Ministers to China were appointed as \"Her Majesty's Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary to His Majesty the Emperor of China, and also Her Majesty's Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary to His Majesty the King of Corea.\" Britain also appointed consuls-general to be resident in Seoul, but they were not heads of mission, as the head of mission was the minister in Peking (now Beijing). In 1898, following the First Sino-Japanese War (1894–95), the Korean Empire became independent of China, and Britain appointed a chargé d'affaires who became Minister Resident when the United Kingdom and Korea exchanged envoys in 1901. Consul-General in Seoul British representative to Joseon (until 1897) and later Korean Empire (after 1897). 1884–1885: William George Aston 1889–1896: Walter Hillier 1896–1898: John Jordan Head of mission to Korea Minister to China, non-resident Minister to Korea Holders were station in Beijing. 1884–1885: Sir Harry Smith Parkes 1885–1892: Sir John Walsham, 2nd Baronet 1892–1895: Sir Nicholas O'Conor 1896–1898: Sir Claude MacDonald Chargé d'affaires 1898–1901: John Jordan Minister Resident 1901–1905: Sir John Jordan Under the Japan–Korea Treaty of 1905 Korea became a protectorate of Japan, and Britain and other countries withdrew diplomatic missions from Seoul. After World War II Japan's rule ended and Korea was occupied by the Soviet Union and United States, resulting in division of Korea between the Democratic People's Republic of Korea (North Korea) and the Republic of Korea (South Korea). Korea under Japanese rule From 1910 to 1945 Korea was under Dependent territory of the Empire of Japan, thus no longer required a diplomatic mission. Head of mission to South Korea The current mission represents South Korea, while the ambassador for North Korea did not exist until 2000. Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary 1949–1954: Captain Vyvyan Holt (consul-general from 1948). 1954–1956: Charles Stewart 1957: Hubert Evans Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary 1957–1961: Hubert Evans 1961–1966: Sir Walter Godfrey 1967–1969: Ian Clayton Mackenzie 1969–1971: Nigel Trench 1971–1974: Jeffrey Petersen 1975–1980: William Bates 1980–1983: John Morgan 1983–1986: Nicholas Spreckley 1986–1990: Lawrence Middleton 1990–1993: David Wright 1994–1997: Thomas Harris 1997–2000: Sir Stephen Brown 2000–2003: Charles Humfrey 2003–2008: Warwick Morris 2008–2011: Martin Uden 2011–2015: Scott Wightman 2015–2018: Charles Hay 2018–: Simon Smith 2022–present: Colin Crooks See also List of diplomatic missions of the United Kingdom List of diplomatic missions in South Korea List of ambassadors of the United Kingdom to North Korea Notes References Korean Mission to the Conference on the Limitation of Armament, Washington, D.C., 1921-1922. (1922). Korea's Appeal to the Conference on Limitation of Armament. Washington: U.S. Government Printing Office. OCLC 12923609 External links UK and South Korea, gov.uk Korea South United Kingdom", "title": "List of ambassadors of the United Kingdom to South Korea" }, { "docid": "292155", "text": "The Korean conflict is an ongoing conflict based on the division of Korea between North Korea (Democratic People's Republic of Korea) and South Korea (Republic of Korea), both of which claim to be the sole legitimate government of all of Korea. During the Cold War, North Korea was backed by the Soviet Union, China, and other allies, while South Korea was backed by the United States, United Kingdom, and other Western allies. The division of Korea by the United States and the Soviet Union occurred in 1945 after the defeat of Japan ended Japanese rule of Korea, and both superpowers created separate governments in 1948. Tensions erupted into the Korean War, which lasted from 1950 to 1953. When the war ended, both countries were devastated, but the division remained. North and South Korea continued a military standoff, with periodic clashes. The conflict survived the end of the Cold War and is still ongoing. It is now considered one of the 10 frozen conflicts of the world and is considered one of the oldest, along with the Sino-Taiwanese conflict. The U.S. maintains a military presence in the South to assist South Korea in accordance with the ROK–U.S. Mutual Defense Treaty. In 1997, U.S. President Bill Clinton described the division of Korea as the \"Cold War's last divide\". In 2002, U.S. President George W. Bush described North Korea as a member of an \"axis of evil\". Facing increasing isolation, North Korea developed missile and nuclear capabilities. Following heightened tension throughout 2017, and some parts of 2018, 2018 saw North Korea, South Korea, and the U.S. holding a series of summits, which promised peace and nuclear disarmament. This led to the Panmunjom Declaration on 27 April 2018, when the North and the South agreed to work together to denuclearize the peninsula, improve inter-Korean relations, end the conflict officially, and move towards the peaceful reunification. In subsequent years, diplomatic efforts faltered and military confrontation returned to the fore. The Korean border remains the most militarized private area in the world with the presence of the Korean People's Army in north; the Forces of the Republic of Korea and the United States Forces Korea (highlighted notably through the Combined Forces) in south and the presence of the forces of United Nations in the Korean Demilitarized Zone (JSA and Camp Bonifas). Background Korea was annexed by the Empire of Japan on August 22, 1910, and ruled by it until September 2, 1945. During the Japanese occupation of Korea, nationalist and radical groups emerged, mostly in exile, to struggle for independence. Divergent in their outlooks and approaches, these groups failed to unite into a single national movement. Based in China, the Korean Provisional Government failed to obtain widespread recognition. The many leaders advocating for Korean independence included the conservative and U.S.-educated Syngman Rhee, who lobbied the U.S. government, and the Communist Kim Il Sung, who fought a guerrilla war against the Japanese from neighboring Manchuria. Following the end of the occupation, many high-ranking Koreans were accused of", "title": "Korean conflict" }, { "docid": "9732547", "text": "The United States ambassador to South Korea () is the chief diplomatic representative of the United States accredited to the Republic of Korea. The ambassador's official title is \"Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary of the United States of America to the Republic of Korea.\" Korea After the United States–Korea Treaty of 1882 was negotiated, diplomatic representatives were sent from Washington to Seoul. From then until 1905, there were several Envoys and Consuls General, each heading what was called a legation. After the Japanese had defeated the Chinese in 1895, and the Russians in 1905, Korea began to see its independence disappear. By 1910, Japan had annexed Korea and the U.S. no longer had a diplomatic presence in Korea. Envoy, resident minister, and consul-general South Korea At the end of World War II, U.S. forces accepted Japan's surrender in southern Korea, and Soviet forces accepted the surrender of the Japanese in northern Korea. Talks to agree upon a unity government for Korea failed, and in 1948, two separate Korean states were created: the Republic of Korea (South Korea) and the Democratic People's Republic of Korea (North Korea). The United States established diplomatic relations with the new South Korean government, but did not recognize North Korea. Other countries, like the Soviet Union, recognized the Pyongyang government in North Korea, but did not initially establish relations with the South Korean government in Seoul. The United States has maintained constant diplomatic relations with South Korea since 1948, with formal recognition of the Republic of Korea on 1 January 1949. The American special representative, John J. Muccio, became the first Ambassador to the Republic of Korea on March 1, 1949. The Embassy of the United States in Seoul has jurisdiction over APP Busan. Ambassador See also List of ambassadors of South Korea to the United States List of United States Special Representatives for North Korea Ambassadors of the United States Foreign relations of North Korea Foreign relations of South Korea North Korea–United States relations South Korea–United States relations Notes References Brazinsky, George. (2007). Nation Building in South Korea:Koreans, Americans, and the Making of a Democracy. Chapel Hill, North Carolina: University of North Carolina Press. ; OCLC 263714059 Funabashi, Yōichi. (2007). The Peninsula Question: a Chronicle of the Second Korean Nuclear Crisis. Washington, D.C.: Brookings Institution Press. ; OCLC 156811113 Halleck, Henry Wager. (1861). International law: or, Rules regulating the intercourse of states in peace and war New York: D. Van Nostrand. OCLC 852699 Korean Mission to the Conference on the Limitation of Armament, Washington, D.C., 1921-1922. (1922). Korea's Appeal to the Conference on Limitation of Armament. Washington: U.S. Government Printing Office. OCLC 12923609 Schnabel, James F. (1972). Policy and Direction: the First Year, Vol. 3 of United States Army in the Korean War. Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office. United States Department of State: Background notes on South Korea External links United States Department of State: Chiefs of Mission for Korea United States Department of State: South Korea United States Embassy in Seoul South Korea United States", "title": "List of ambassadors of the United States to South Korea" }, { "docid": "31029958", "text": "The Sinchon Museum of American War Atrocities (Korean: 신천박물관) is a museum dedicated to the Sinchon Massacre, a massacre of North Korean civilians during the Korean War which the North Korean government claims was carried out by South Korean and US troops. The museum is located in Sinchon County of North Korea. In July 2015, the museum was rebuilt and moved to a new location in the country. History The Sinchon Museum of American War Atrocities houses exhibits the deaths of over 35,000 people from October 17 to December 7 in 1950, at the same period of time when the major cities of North Korea, such as Pyongyang (the capital city) and Hamhung, were under wartime occupation by South Korean, American and United Nations military forces. The South Korean-based Institute for Korean Historical Studies concluded that both Communists and anti-Communist vigilantes engaged in wholesale slaughter throughout the area, and that the 19th Infantry Regiment took the city and failed to prevent the secret police that came with them from perpetuating the civilian murders; however, the regiment did not participate themselves. Furthermore, when Communists retook the city, the population was again purged. Other sources have concluded that the \"massacre\" was caused by a local rivalry that used the fog of war as a pretense. Notable visitors Kim Il Sung visited the museum in 1953 and 1958, as did his son, Kim Jong Il, who paid a visit there in 1962 and 1998. North Korean leader Kim Jong Un (the son of Kim Jong Il and the grandson of Kim Il Sung) visited the museum along with his sister in 2014. See also List of museums in North Korea References External links Sinchon Calls for Revenge at Naenara Sinchon Museum picture album at Naenara Another picture album at Naenara Photo gallery of museum artifacts on Flickr Traveller's blog about North Korea, with webpage dedicated to Sinchon Museums in North Korea Military and war museums Museums established in 1958 Buildings and structures in South Hwanghae Province North Korea–United States relations Korean War museums Anti-American sentiment in Asia", "title": "Sinchon Museum of American War Atrocities" }, { "docid": "60350145", "text": "The UN offensive into North Korea was a large-scale offensive in late 1950 by United Nations (UN) forces against North Korean forces during the Korean War. On 27 September near Osan, UN forces coming from Inchon linked up with UN forces that had broken out of the Pusan Perimeter and began a general counteroffensive. The North Korean Korean People's Army (KPA) had been shattered, and its remnants were fleeing back towards North Korea. The UN Command then decided to pursue the KPA into North Korea, completing their destruction and unifying the country. On 30 September Republic of Korea Army (ROK) forces crossed the 38th parallel, the de facto border between North and South Korea on the east coast of the Korean peninsula, and this was followed by a general UN offensive into North Korea. Within one month UN forces were approaching the Yalu River, prompting Chinese intervention in the war. Despite the initial Chinese attacks in late October-early November, the UN renewed their offensive on 24 November before it was abruptly halted by massive Chinese intervention in their Second Phase Offensive starting on 25 November. Background North Korea repelled North Korea invaded South Korea at the end of June 1950 in Operation Pokpung. By late-July, South Korea was reduced to the southeast tip of the peninsula around Pusan, held by the United Nations Command (UNC) forces, mainly the US Eighth Army, and the ROK. The Korean People's Army (KPA) offensive on the Pusan perimeter in August and September failed to break through; the KPA had suffered heavy casualties since the start of the war and was overextended. By September, the KPA was attacking Pusan with 70,000 troops, while the UNC had 140,000 troops with materiel superiority. The US estimated that there were 90,000 KPA troops in South Korea. In mid-September, US X Corps, composed of US 1st Marine Division and US 7th Infantry Division, made a surprise landing at Inchon in the North Korean rear west of Seoul; UNC commander General Douglas MacArthur accompanied the landing. Shortly afterward, the UNC and ROK broke out of Pusan. The KPA began a general retreat from South Korea to avoid encirclement, giving little resistance to their rapidly advancing pursuers from Pusan. Eighth Army advanced in the west and linked up with X Corps at Osan on 26 September. The ROK advanced in the east and reached the 38th parallel by the end of the month. Deciding to invade North Korea MacArthur intended to invade North Korea even though he did not have the authority to do so. The pause in operations was for logistical purposes. However, on September 27 he received authorization to proceed from the US Joint Chiefs of Staff on September 27. The JCS directed MacArthur to pursue and destroy North Korean forces up to the Chinese and Soviet borders; employment of UN forces in the border areas was to be avoided as a \"matter of policy.\" Air and naval operations on Chinese or Soviet territory were forbidden. Furthermore, as a", "title": "UN offensive into North Korea" }, { "docid": "48244495", "text": "North Korea-United Kingdom Relations () are the bilateral relations between North Korea and the United Kingdom. North Korea has an embassy in London and the United Kingdom has an embassy in Pyongyang which opened in 2003 and 2001 respectively after diplomatic relations were established between the two countries in 2000. History During the Korean War the two countries were on opposing sides with the UK overseeing the British Commonwealth Forces Korea serving the United Nations (UN). Later during the Cold War the United Kingdom was a strong ally of the United States while North Korea was an ally of the Soviet Union. The North Korea national football team played in the 1966 FIFA World Cup in England. The UK government did not recognise North Korea and feared that its presence would strain relations with South Korea and the United States. FIFA told England's Football Association that the tournament would be moved if any qualified team were to be refused entry. On the suggestion of the British Foreign Office, the playing of national anthems, and meetings between players and state figures such as Queen Elizabeth II, would only take place in two games: the opener and the final. North Korea was not scheduled for the former, and was considered unlikely to reach the latter. A Foreign Office suggestion for flags outside stadiums to be removed after each team's elimination, in the expectation of an early North Korean exit, was vetoed by the Department of Education and Science. The Foreign Office apologised to the South Korean ambassador for the flying of North Korean flags at stadiums. North Korea's team became the adopted team of Middlesbrough which was where they played their group games during the competition. North Korea's team had a remarkable victory by beating Italy 1–0 at Ayresome Park, Middlesbrough and finished above them, thus earning qualification to the next round. Middlesbrough fans went on to support North Korea's team in the next round of the tournament, with many travelling to Liverpool to watch the team play against Portugal. In 2002, members of North Korea team returned to Middlesbrough for an official visit, after the release of a film The Game of Their Lives about the team's visit in 1966. Following initial progress in North Korea–South Korea relations, North Korea and the United Kingdom established diplomatic relations on 12 December 2000, opening resident embassies in London and Pyongyang. The United Kingdom provides English language and human rights training to DPRK officials, urging the North Korean government to allow a visit by the UN Special Rapporteur for Human Rights, and it oversees bilateral humanitarian projects in North Korea. An edited version of the British film Bend It Like Beckham was broadcast on North Korean state television on 26 December 2010. The broadcast was organised by the British embassy and commemorated ten years of relations between the two countries. The British Ambassador to South Korea, Martin Uden, said it was the \"first ever Western made film to air on television\" in North Korea.", "title": "North Korea–United Kingdom relations" }, { "docid": "12243680", "text": "The aftermath of the Korean War set the tone for Cold War tension between superpowers. The Korean War was important in the development of the Cold War, as it showed that the two superpowers, United States and Soviet Union, could fight a \"limited war\" in a third country. The \"limited war\" or \"proxy war\" strategy was a feature of conflicts such as the Vietnam War and the Soviet War in Afghanistan, as well as wars in Angola, Greece, and the Middle East. In the aftermath of the war, the United States funneled significant aid to South Korea under the auspices of the United Nations Korean Reconstruction Agency. Concomitantly, North Korean reconstruction was assisted by \"fraternal socialist nations:\" the Soviet Union and China. In the years immediately following the war, North Korea's growth rate of total industrial output exceeded South Korea's and averaged 39% between 1953 and 1960. Background The Korean War was the first war in which the United Nations (UN) participated outside the Western world. The UN Command in South Korea is still functional. Around June 1950, the Korean War became an international crisis, as it made communist and capitalist countries around the world go against each other. By the end of World War II, the Soviet Union sought to spread communism to other nations and did so by providing political, logistical, and diplomatic support and assisted in the plans to invade South Korea. The Soviets provided military training for North Korean and Chinese troops. In response, the United States, fearing that the Soviets would control and spread communism to the entire Korean Peninsula and South Pacific, sent troops into South Korea to support its military forces. Those actions quickly escalated into other countries. The UN supported the south, and China supported the north. Both sides got involved in the conflict. The war devastated both North and South Korea. Both suffered major damage to their economies and infrastructure, as a result of bombings, artillery strikes and loss of life, including military personnel and civilians. North Korea As a result of the war, \"North Korea had been virtually destroyed as an industrial society\". After the armistice, Kim Il Sung requested Soviet economic and industrial assistance. In September 1953, the Soviet government agreed to \"cancel or postpone repayment for all ... outstanding debts\", and promised to grant North Korea one billion rubles in monetary aid, industrial equipment and consumer goods. Eastern European members of the Soviet Bloc also contributed with \"logistical support, technical aid, [and] medical supplies\". China canceled North Korea's war debts, provided 800 million yuan, promised trade cooperation and sent in thousands of troops to rebuild damaged infrastructure. Contemporary North Korea remains underdeveloped and continues to be a totalitarian dictatorship since the end of the war, with an elaborate cult of personality around the Kim dynasty. The means of production are owned by the state through state-run enterprises and collectivized farms. Most services—such as healthcare, education, housing and food production—are subsidized or state-funded. Estimates based on the most recent", "title": "Aftermath of the Korean War" }, { "docid": "12885571", "text": "Mongolia–North Korea relations (, ) are the historic and current bilateral relations between Mongolia and the Democratic People's Republic of Korea (North Korea). History Early relationship and Korean War The two countries established diplomatic relations on October 15, 1948. The People's Republic of Mongolia was the second country to recognize North Korea after the Soviet Union. Mongolia provided assistance to North Korea during the Korean War, although it did not directly participate. In 1952, during the Korean War, North Korea sent 200 war orphans to Mongolia. Today in Ulaanbaatar, there are remnants of a two-story \"North Korean War Orphanage\" building remains. Mongolia also contributed to the post-war reconstruction of the DPRK. On the basis of an aid agreement signed at the end of 1953, the Mongolian government sent 10,000 horses to North Korea. After the war, Mongolia received and brought up more than 400 war-orphaned children in 1960–1970s. Cold War From 1960 to the mid-1980s, the Sino-Soviet split – in which Mongolia adopted a consistently pro-Soviet stance, whereas the DPRK's standpoint was usually closer to the Chinese position than to the Soviet one – considerably hindered Mongolian-North Korean cooperation. On several occasions, these disagreements led to various forms of low-intensity friction in Mongolian-DPRK relations. Thanks to the post-1982 improvement of Sino-Soviet relations, in 1986 Mongolia and North Korea signed their first friendship and cooperation treaty. Kim Il Sung also paid a visit to the country in 1988. Post-1990 After the collapse of the Communist regime in Mongolia, relations became strained. The two countries nullified their earlier friendship and cooperation treaty in 1995, and in 1999, North Korea shut down their embassy in Ulaanbaatar on the occasion of an official visit from Kim Dae-jung, the first such visit by a South Korean president. Mongolia had previously expelled two North Korean diplomats for attempting to pass counterfeit United States one-hundred dollar bills. Subsequently, Mongolia began to intensify its policy of engagement with North Korea, with the aim of improving relations. In 2002, Paek Nam Sun became the first North Korean foreign minister to visit Mongolia in 14 years. The most recent high-level visit occurred in July 2007, when Kim Yong-nam, Chairman of the Presidium of the Supreme People's Assembly, made his third visit to the country; he had previously made two trips to Mongolia, in 1985 and 1988. Unofficially, North Korean visitors show significant interest in studying Mongolia's economic reforms; according to the Mongolian side, North Koreans see them as non-threatening because they are a fellow non-Western country and went through similar experiences under communism. Mongolia's efforts to introduce free-market capitalism to North Korea also have a component of self-interest. The Trans-Siberian Railway, an essential link in the potential continuous rail transit route from South Korea to Europe, passes through Mongolia; North Korean economic liberalisation which allowed South Korean shipping to pass through its borders would remove the major stumbling block to such a route, providing economic benefits for Mongolia. North Korean refugees are a delicate issue between the two governments. In", "title": "Mongolia–North Korea relations" }, { "docid": "23140123", "text": "Evan Carl Hunziker (June 2, 1970 – December 18, 1996) was the first American civilian to be arrested by North Korea on espionage charges since the end of the Korean War. On August 24, 1996, Hunziker was taken into custody by North Korean police after swimming into the country across the Yalu River from the People's Republic of China. Hunziker spent three months in North Korean custody before being released and returned to the United States thanks to the negotiation efforts of then-New Mexico congressman Bill Richardson. However, less than a month after his return, Hunziker killed himself. Early life Hunziker's father, Edwin Hunziker, was an American veteran of the Korean War who had spent 12 years stationed in South Korea with the United States Forces Korea, and while living there, met Hunziker's Korean mother, Jong Nye, a South Korean citizen. The two later moved to the United States, settling in Tacoma, Washington, where they had three children, and Hunziker's father worked in a variety of jobs including as a bus driver and cement layer. Hunziker's father developed a drinking problem, and in 1974 Hunziker's father and mother divorced. Hunziker moved with his mother to Anchorage, Alaska, where he spent most of his childhood with various relatives of his mother's. Hunziker and his mother eventually moved back to Tacoma, where she opened the Olympus Hotel. In 1988 Hunziker graduated from Stadium High School in Tacoma. He went on to attend colleges in Yakima and South Seattle on a football scholarship, but began drinking and using drugs, and did not graduate. Hunziker later returned to Anchorage, where his mother was running a motel with her boyfriend, Kevin Hux. There, Hunziker helped out with the business, often driving guests to and from the airport. Hunziker's mother later introduced him to a young South Korean woman in the hopes that the two would develop a relationship, and they married soon after. However, Hunziker's drug and alcohol problems, combined with his increasing violence towards his wife and his relatives, led to the failure of his marriage in 1993. His mother applied for a restraining order against him in that same year, and Hux filed for another restraining order two years later after Hunziker allegedly stabbed him in the face with a pencil, and assaulted twelve motel employees and guests in the space of a month. In another incident, Hunziker attempted to forcibly remove his former wife from a hospital, and attacked a nurse when she attempted to intervene. From 1992 to 1996, Hunziker was arrested seven times on a variety of charges including assault, malicious destruction, and drunk driving. Hunziker reportedly converted to Christianity while in jail, and upon his seventh release, in 1995, fled back to Washington hoping to avoid being brought up on pending criminal assault charges that his mother had filed against him in Alaska. In mid-1996, Hunziker decided that he wanted to go to South Korea to find a job as an English teacher and evangelize. He borrowed money for", "title": "Evan Hunziker" }, { "docid": "69302519", "text": "Myanmar–South Korea relations (; ) are the bilateral relations between the Republic of the Union of Myanmar and the Republic of Korea. The two countries established their diplomatic relations on 16 May 1975. The history of contact between the two countries goes back to 1948, the year of the declaration of Burmese independence. Although the Burmese military junta and North Korea had cooperated over nuclear issues for the past few decades, Prime Minister U Nu initially favoured Syngman Rhee's South Korean government. During the Korean War, Burma donated 50,000 dollars worth of rice to Korea and balanced the interest of both Koreas, taking into consideration the position of China. Commercial and trade relationships between the two countries grew rapidly after the 2010s, when Myanmar implemented political reforms, South Korea being Myanmar's sixth largest foreign investor by August 2020. Historical background Burma and South Korea already had contact in 1948 when Burma became independent. U Nu's government voted in favor of the motion in the UN that recognized Syngman Rhee's government as the legitimate government over all of Korea; however, Burma refused to recognize either state and wished to see a peaceful solution to the nascent Korean crisis. When the Korean War broke out, since Burma was seen as a country with a non-aligned orientation, it did not send troops to fight in Korea. After the war, Burma began to develop contact with both Koreas in an unofficial setting. By 1961, there were non-ambassadorial consulates of both Koreas in Burma. Burma established formal diplomatic relations with both Koreas in May 1975, after Ne Win took power. Rangoon bombing On 9 October 1983, Chun Doo-hwan, fifth president of South Korea, made an official visit to the capital of Burma, Rangoon, and was the target of a failed assassination attempt, orchestrated by North Korea, at the Martyrs' Mausoleum. Although the president himself narrowly escaped, the bomb killed 21 people, including four cabinet ministers of South Korea. Recent history Beginning of Myanmar's political reforms: 2010–2015 South Korea's 10th president, Lee Myung-bak, visited Myanmar in May 2012, the first visit since the Rangoon bombing. It is reported that the then-Burmese President Thein Sein promised to follow the UN Security Council's resolution on North Korea's controversial nuclear and missile programs and said there was no nuclear cooperation with Pyongyang. Lee also met with then-opposition leader Aung San Suu Kyi at Sedona Hotel in Yangon on 15 May. She said that Burmese and South Koreans had things in common, such as both having to \"take hard road to democratic leadership\". In October of the same year, Thein Sein made a three-day visit to South Korea and also visited \"unspecified military-related companies\" in his tour. In January 2013, Aung San Suu Kyi paid her first visit to South Korea and met with both President Lee and Park Geun-hye, president-elect at that time. She attended the opening ceremony of the 2013 Special Winter Olympics World Games in Pyeongchang and gave a keynote speech at the Global Development Summit, where", "title": "Myanmar–South Korea relations" }, { "docid": "28079680", "text": "Flight of Refugees Across Wrecked Bridge in Korea is a Pulitzer Prize-winning photograph by Associated Press photographer Max Desfor, taken on December 4, 1950, at the destroyed Taedong Bridge over the Taedong River near Pyongyang, North Korea. Desfor was covering the Korean War at the time. Background During the Korean War, the Battle of Inchon turned the tide against the Korean People's Army (NKPA) for the Americans who were fighting under the United Nations Command. The U.S. Eighth Army, which made up most of the United Nations forces, then raced to the Chinese border but were defeated in the Battle of the Ch'ongch'on River after the entry of large numbers of Chinese troops on the North Korean side. United Nations forces were sent in retreat back down the Korean peninsula, and the retreat was the longest in U.S. military history. Taking the photo Desfor, a photographer for the Associated Press, traveled with front line troops, even taking part in a parachute jump with the 187th Infantry Regiment. After American troops started fleeing south, Desfor was able to commandeer a Jeep with two other reporters and an army signal corpsman headed south. They crossed the Taedong River at a United Nations pontoon bridge. While driving along the river's southern shore they observed Korean refugees crossing the river on foot where it was iced over, and using small boats where the river was open. Further down the southern shore they came across a destroyed bridge where they saw thousands of Koreans trying to cross the shattered girders of the bridge. It was December 4, 1950, at the beginning of winter, and Desfor had trouble working his camera because of the freezing temperatures. Desfor's 2010 visit to Korea In June 2010, Desfor returned to Korea for the 60th anniversary of the war and he shared some of his thoughts. \"I ask anyone who'll listen – why do they celebrate the start of the war? They celebrate the start, of course, because it's never ending – it's still going on.\" Desfor also talked about his time on the front line with the troops and, while proud of his Pulitzer Prize-winning photograph, believes that he took better photos during the war. Regarding the war itself he says, \"The Korean War is labelled 'the Forgotten War', and the main reason is [American GIs] never got a parade when they got back, they never got relief, they never were cited for their effort for the work that was done. They were just completely forgotten.\" See also 1951 Pulitzer Prize Bibliography Notes References - Total pages: 1136 - Total pages: 276 - Total pages: 225 External links 1950 in the United States 1950 works 1950 in art Black-and-white photographs Korean War photographs Pulitzer Prize-winning photographs 1950 in North Korea Associated Press Works about bridges 1950s photographs", "title": "Flight of Refugees Across Wrecked Bridge in Korea" }, { "docid": "33076582", "text": "The P'yŏngbu Line is an electrified standard-gauge trunk line of the Korean State Railway running from P'yŏngyang to Kaesŏng in North Korea and further south across the DMZ to Seoul in South Korea; the name comes from the two (theoretical) termini of the line: P'yŏngyang and Busan. The total length of the line from P'yŏngyang to Busan is ; however, due to the Korean Demilitarized Zone, regular operation is restricted to the section between P'yŏngyang and Kaesŏng. 22% of the line is laid with concrete sleepers, and it is the only railway line in North Korea capable of speeds of . The ruling grade is 11‰, the minimum curve radius is , and there are 99 bridges (total length ) and 13 tunnels (total length ). The P'yŏngyang–Hwangju section is under the jurisdiction of the P'yŏngyang Railway Bureau, whilst the rest of the line from Hwangju south is under the Sariwŏn Railway Bureau. There are 28 stations on the line, and the average distance between stations is . Along with locomotive depots at Sariwŏn, Sŏhŭng, and P'anmun, there are large freight-handling facilities at Hwangju, Chunghwa, East Sariwŏn, Sŏhŭng, P'yŏngsan and Kaesŏng. The P'yŏngbu Line connects to the P'yŏngui, P'yŏngnam, and P'yŏngra lines at P'yŏngyang, to the P'yŏngdŏk Line at Taedonggang, to the Songrim Line at Hwangju, to the Hwanghae Ch'ŏngnyŏn Line at Sariwŏn, and the Ch'ŏngnyŏn Ich'ŏn Line at P'yŏngsan. History For the original line's history and other information before 1945, see Gyeongui Line (1904–1945). Construction of the Seoul–Kaesŏng railway line began in 1902. After the outbreak of the Russo-Japanese War it became imperative to transport freight north from Seoul to Sinŭiju. Thus the Kyŏngŭi Line was rapidly built, being opened by the Temporary Military Railway for freight traffic on 5 November 1905 and to passengers on 3 April 1906. It was subsequently taken over by the Chosen Government Railway (Sentetsu) on 1 September 1906. By 1 April 1908, when the \"Ryuki\" express train from Busan to Sinŭiju entered service, every station on the line was operational. The railway bridge across the Yalu River between Sinŭiju and Andong (now Dandong) was opened in November 1911, connecting the line to the South Manchuria Railway. Starting in 1913, tickets from Seoul to London were sold, traveling via the Kyongŭi Line, the South Manchuria Railway, and the Trans-Siberian Railway. By the 1930s Sentetsu had put international trains between Korea and Manchuria, such as the Hikari, Nozomi, and Koa express trains, into service on this line. After the Pacific War and the end of Japanese rule in 1945, Korea was partitioned along the 38th parallel, with the northern half under Soviet control. This cut the line in half between Sariwŏn and Kaep'ung, with the Korean State Railway of the DPRK—initially the Soviet Army—operating trains between P'yŏngyang and Sariwŏn, and the Korean National Railroad of South Korea operating passenger trains between Seoul and T'osŏng (now Kaep'ung). On 31 December 1950 a train consisting of the locomotive \"Mate 10\" and 25 cars, going from Hanp'o to", "title": "Pyongbu Line" }, { "docid": "48683226", "text": "Donald Nichols (18 February 1923 – 2 June 1992) was a United States Air Force intelligence officer who played a hidden but pivotal role in the Korean War. He and his spies found most of the North Korean targets destroyed by U.S. bombing during the war. Nichols also warned his superiors far in advance that North Korea was planning the surprise invasion that started the war, although his many warnings were ignored. In the first months of the war, Nichols and his men broke North Korean battle codes, which helped U.S. forces survive the invasion, halt the enemy's momentum, and destroy most of the North's army. Nichols created the Air Force's first covert intelligence unit, Detachment 2 of the 6004th Air Intelligence Service Squadron, which he commanded during most of the Korean War. His intelligence outfit, sometimes known as \"Nick,\" saved American lives by going behind enemy lines to find vulnerabilities in Soviet tanks and MiG fighter jets. His intelligence achievements won him the Silver Star and the Distinguished Service Cross. An extraordinary element of Nichols's 11-year tenure as a spy in South Korea (from 1946 to 1957), was his close personal relationship with South Korean President Syngman Rhee. Nichols was just 23 when he met the 71-year-old Rhee, but the inexperienced American spy (a 7th grade dropout) and the worldly Korean politician (a master's degree from Harvard, a doctorate from Princeton) found each other useful. Rhee used Nichols to transmit intelligence leaks to senior U.S. commanders, which helped speed Rhee's rise to power in South Korea, and Nichols boasted to his superiors that in Rhee he had cultivated a uniquely powerful and well-informed source in Seoul. There was a dark side, though, to Nichols's long run as a spy commander in Korea, as well as to his postwar life in Florida, where he repeatedly committed sexual crimes involving young boys. His friendship with Rhee and his collaboration with the South Korean security apparatus immersed Nichols in a brutal world of anticommunist purges, where he witnessed torture, beheadings, and the mass shootings of thousands of South Korean who were perceived as enemies of Rhee's government. Nichols did not report these atrocities to his superiors, and his senior intelligence clerk, Sergeant Serbando Torres, later said that \"slaughtering all these people...didn't seem to bother him that much.\" Nichols himself participated in atrocities, including throwing POWs off of helicopters. As the creator and commander of his own spy unit, Nichols had near-complete autonomy from the Air Force command structure. For many years, he reported only to Air Force General Earle E. Partridge, who was in charge of the air war in Korea. The lack of supervision gave Nichols freedom to indulge his sexual interest in young Korean airmen, who were periodically brought to him in the evenings at his spy base outside of Seoul. His spy command also gave Nichols unsupervised access to large amounts of cash, which he used to pay off agents and some of which he later brought back to", "title": "Donald Nichols (spy)" }, { "docid": "33231465", "text": "Shin Suk-ja (also spelled Shin Sook-ja; born 1942) is a South Korean woman who is currently imprisoned, along with her daughters, in North Korea after her husband Oh Kil-nam defected from North Korea to Denmark, having been given a political asylum. The case received international attention, including Amnesty International's naming her a prisoner of conscience and campaigning heavily for her release; this appeal remains ignored by North Korean authorities. Early life in South Korea and Germany Shin was born in Tongyeong (Tōei), Gyeongsangnam-do (Keishōnan-dō), Chōsen in an area now part of South Korea. She attended elementary and middle school there. From 1958 she studied nursery at Masan Nursing School. In 1970 she left South Korea for Germany, where she worked as a nurse in Tübingen. There she met Oh Kil-nam, a South Korean economics student, marrying him in 1972. Later they moved near Kiel (Germany), where she gave birth to her daughters Oh Hae-won (on September 17, 1976) and Oh Kyu-won (on June 21, 1978). The family lived in Kronshagen near Kiel until 1985. Move to North Korea Oh became involved in political activism against the South Korean government in the early 1980s. He was influenced in this by a number of famous South Korean leftists in Germany, including Song Du-yul and Yun Isang; they later suggested that he could help his motherland by working as an economist in North Korea. His activism also attracted the attention of North Korean government representatives, who further attempted to entice him to defect, claiming that his wife could receive free treatment for her hepatitis in Pyongyang. Over Shin's objections, the family moved to North Korea, arriving on 8 December 1985. Instead of receiving the promised medical treatment, he and his wife were reportedly held at a military camp and forced to study the Juche ideology of Kim Il Sung. They were then employed making propaganda broadcasts to South Korea. While there, Oh claims to have met South Korean abductees who were also employed making propaganda broadcasts, including two of the flight attendants from the Korean Air Lines YS-11 hijacking. Later, the North Korean authorities sent Oh Kil-nam back to Germany to recruit other South Korean students for North Korea, telling him his family could not go along. Oh said later that Shin hit him in the face when he said he would come back with some South Koreans, and that she then told him, \"we have to pay the price for our wrong decision, but you shouldn't follow an order that victimizes others and just run away. Our daughters shouldn't become the daughters of hateful accomplices. If you escape this country, please rescue us, but if you fail, believe that we're dead.\" Oh Kil-nam's defection In 1986, Oh Kil-nam requested political asylum in Denmark on his way to Germany. The following year, Shin and her daughters (then 9 and 11 years old) were deported to Yodok camp, apparently because her husband did not return to North Korea. Official North Korean intermediaries gave Oh", "title": "Shin Suk-ja" }, { "docid": "70404411", "text": "South Korea and the countries that comprise Africa have a history of political, economic, militaristic, social, and cultural relations with one another since South Korea's establishment. The american revolution had a major influence over the development of African-South Korean relations, as countries which established firm relations with either North Korea or South Korea during this time would be perceived as supporting communist ideology and countries or capitalist ideologies and countries, respectively. Likewise, decolonization played an important role in these relations as newly independent African states could choose to align or not align with either Korea. The end of the Cold War brought about major change for African and South Korean foreign relations, with most African countries currently having official diplomatic relations with South Korea and unofficial relations with North Korea. Historical / diplomatic relations Development of relations The history of exchanges between Korea and African countries began only in the mid-20th century. This was mainly due to geographical and previous technological logistics, as well as the fact that Korea lost its national sovereignty until 1945 during the Japanese colonial era in the early 20th century. Therefore, official diplomatic and historical relations between Korea and Africa began after the Korean War in the 1950s. During the Korean War, which broke out on June 25, 1950, Ethiopian army units and South African units participated in the Korean War as UN forces; especially Mehal Sefari, the Ethiopian emperor’s bodyguard unit that was dispatched to South Korea, while Ethiopia was the poorest country in the world at the time. Ethiopia's aid to South Korea has resulted in particularly friendly relations since the end of the Korean War. For this reason, the African Union's office is located in the Ethiopian embassy in South Korea. The South Korean government has since built a memorial park for Ethiopian soldiers to honor them and their service. Beyond friendly relations with Ethiopia, South Korea during its first two republics tended to hold relations exclusively with first-world, Western nations as they blocked out contact with communist countries, and did not reach out to other third-world nations. 1960–70s Africa-South Korea relations By the 1960s, many African countries had achieved independence from Western powers. Accordingly, South Korea started to establish diplomatic relations with the countries on the African continent. What is particular to this era is that South Korea's African diplomacy was defined by competition with North Korea, notably for friendly votes in the United Nations on issues of importance to each country. In Africa at this time, most newly independent countries had nationalist, anti-Western, and socialist tendencies under the influence of colonial rule, so North Korea held a superior position in African diplomacy than South Korea. By 1975 however, that gap had diminished as North Korea had only two more diplomatic relations with countries than South Korea. It wasn't until the late 1970s that North Korean diplomatic missions in Africa had no notable supremacy over South Korea's diplomatic missions. 1980 Africa-South Korea relations In the 1980s, Korea began aggressive diplomatic activities", "title": "Africa–South Korea relations" }, { "docid": "30076555", "text": "The Korean Armistice Agreement (; ) is an armistice that brought about a cessation of hostilities of the Korean War. It was signed by United States Army Lieutenant General William Harrison Jr. and General Mark W. Clark representing the United Nations Command (UNC), North Korea leader Kim Il Sung and General Nam Il representing the Korean People's Army (KPA), and Peng Dehuai representing the Chinese People's Volunteer Army (PVA). The armistice was signed on 27 July 1953, and was designed to \"ensure a complete cessation of hostilities and of all acts of armed force in Korea until a final peaceful settlement is achieved.\" During the 1954 Geneva Conference in Switzerland, Chinese Premier and foreign minister Zhou Enlai suggested that a peace treaty should be implemented on the Korean peninsula. However, the US secretary of state, John Foster Dulles, did not accommodate this attempt to achieve such a treaty. A final peace settlement has never been achieved. The signed armistice established the Korean Demilitarized Zone (DMZ), the de facto new border between the two nations, put into force a ceasefire, and finalized repatriation of prisoners of war. The DMZ runs close to the 38th parallel and has separated North and South Korea since the Korean Armistice Agreement was signed in 1953. South Korea never signed the Armistice Agreement, due to President Syngman Rhee's refusal to accept having failed to unify Korea by force. China normalized relations and signed a peace treaty with South Korea in 1992. In 1994, China withdrew from the Military Armistice Commission, essentially leaving North Korea and the UN Command as the only participants in the armistice agreement. In 2011, South Korea stated that North Korea had violated the armistice 221 times. Background By mid-December 1950, the United States was discussing terms for an agreement to end the Korean War. The desired agreement would end the fighting, provide assurances against its resumption, and protect the future security of UNC forces. The United States asked for a military armistice commission of mixed membership that would supervise all agreements. Both sides would need to agree to “cease the introduction into Korea of any reinforcing air, ground or naval units or personnel... and to refrain from increasing the level of war equipment and material existing in Korea.” The U.S. wished to create a demilitarized zone that would be roughly wide. The proposed agreement would also address the issue of prisoners of war which the U.S. believed should be exchanged on a one-for-one basis. While talk of a possible armistice agreement was circulating, in late May and early June 1951, the President of the Republic of Korea (ROK, South Korea) Syngman Rhee opposed peace talks. He believed the ROK should continue to expand its army in order to march all the way to the Yalu River and completely unify the nation. The UNC did not endorse Rhee's position. Even without UNC support, Rhee and the South Korean government attempted to mobilize the public to resist any halt in the fighting short of", "title": "Korean Armistice Agreement" }, { "docid": "32394544", "text": "This article is about matches between North Korean and South Korean national football teams. History Beginning Along with troubled relations between North Korea and South Korea, their competitive spirit also appeared in association football. South Korean government made its anti-communist football club Yangzee to develop the national football team more than North Korea's level just after North Korea left successful result in the 1966 FIFA World Cup by advancing to the quarter-finals, and South Korean football team won the 1970 Asian Games due to its effort. The first Korean derby occurred in the 1978 Asian Games final, and both countries shared the title after a 0–0 draw without penalty shoot-out. In the early 1990s, however, the relationship and bond between both sides got better, and their cultural exchange became brisk including football. The two Koreas got friendly football matches, and fielded a joint football team at the 1991 FIFA World Youth Championship. 1994 World Cup qualification Heading into the final qualifying match on 28 October 1993, South Korea was one point behind Japan (who defeated South Korea in the penultimate qualifier) and Saudi Arabia for one of the two Asian spots for the 1994 FIFA World Cup, while North Korea had already been eliminated. Goals from Ko Jeong-woon, Hwang Sun-hong and Ha Seok-ju in the second half gave South Korea a 3–0 win in the teams' final qualifying match for the 1994 World Cup. With Japan allowing a tying goal against Iraq late in its match, South Korea advanced to the 1994 World Cup on goal difference ahead of Japan. 2002 World Cup Following their final match of the last round of the AFC qualifiers for the 1994 World Cup, North Korea withdrew from international football for five years, and did not again attempt to qualify for the World Cup before the 2006 edition. During the 2002 FIFA World Cup, which South Korea co-hosted with Japan, and in which North Korea did not take part, the South's team reportedly had \"supporters in the North\", and North Korean newspaper The People's Korea published DPR Korea Football Association chairman Ri Gwang-gun's congratulations to his South Korean counterpart on the South's \"great success in the World Cup\", which he described as \"a striking demonstration of the advantages and tenacity of the Korean nation to the world\". Glyn Ford, an expert on East Asia, has noted that when North Koreans \"can't support North Korea they'll support South Korea. They'd prefer South Korea to win against anyone else, unless they're playing them. They're cheering for Koreans.\" 2010 World Cup In 2008, on two occasions, a 2010 World Cup qualifying match between the two countries, due to be played in Pyongyang, had to be moved to Shanghai when authorities in the North refused to allow the South Korean national anthem to be played in Kim Il-sung Stadium, or the flag of South Korea to be flown. (North and South Korea have never granted each other formal diplomatic recognition.) When the teams met again the following year", "title": "North Korea–South Korea football rivalry" }, { "docid": "3662328", "text": "The Seoul National Cemetery () is located in Dongjak-dong, Dongjak District, Seoul, South Korea. The cemetery is reserved for Korean veterans, including those who died in the Korean independence movement, Korean War, and Vietnam War. Four South Korean presidents are buried in the cemetery. The Seoul National Cemetery is near Dongjak Station on Seoul Subway Line 4 or Seoul Subway Line 9. Except for some special days, the Seoul National Cemetery usually allows access to the public. History When established by presidential decree of Syngman Rhee in 1956, Seoul National Cemetery was the country's only national cemetery. As the cemetery reached capacity in the early 1970s, Daejeon National Cemetery was established in 1976. Both cemeteries were originally overseen by the Ministry of Defence until 2006, when the Daejeon National Cemetery was transferred to the Ministry of Patriots' and Veterans' Affairs (South Korea). Notable people buried Syngman Rhee – first President of South Korea – buried 1965 Franziska Donner – wife of President Rhee – buried 1992 Park Chung Hee – third President of South Korea – buried 1979 Yuk Young-soo – wife of President Park – buried 1974 Kim Dae-jung – 8th President of South Korea – buried 2009 Lee Hee-ho - wife of President Kim Dae-jung - buried 2019 Kim Young-sam – 7th President of South Korea – buried 2015 Incidents and controversy On June 22, 1970, three North Korean agents broke into the cemetery and planted a bomb. One agent was killed when the bomb was accidentally detonated. In August 2005, controversy was stirred by the visit of a North Korean delegation to the cemetery. The delegation was led by Kim Ki-Nam, and numbered 182 officials. The visit not only sparked outrage among those opposed to warmer relations with the North, but also raised fears that a future delegation from the South might be expected to pay their respects to Kim Il-sung in Pyongyang. On his death on August 18, 2009, former President of South Korea Kim Dae-jung was buried in at the National Cemetery, instead of in Daejeon National Cemetery, the initially planned burial site. See also List of national cemeteries by country Daejeon National Cemetery Kumsusan Palace of the Sun – in North Korea Revolutionary Martyrs' Cemetery – in North Korea Patriotic Martyrs' Cemetery – in North Korea United Nations Memorial Cemetery in Busan Cemetery for North Korean and Chinese Soldiers in Paju War Memorial of Korea in Seoul May 18th National Cemetery in Gwangju References External links Korean-language site of the National Memorial Board Buildings and structures in Seoul Korean War memorials and cemeteries Cemeteries in South Korea National cemeteries 1956 establishments in South Korea Dongjak District", "title": "Seoul National Cemetery" }, { "docid": "4008941", "text": "A post-war or postwar period is the interval immediately following the end of a war. The term usually refers to a varying period of time after World War II, which ended in 1945. A post-war period can become an interwar period or interbellum, when a war between the same parties resumes at a later date (such as the period between World War I and World War II). By contrast, a post-war period marks the cessation of armed conflict entirely. Post-World War II in the United States Chronology of the post-World War II era The term \"post-war\" can have different meanings in different countries and refer to a period determined by local considerations based on the effect of the war there. Some examples of post-war events are in chronological order: The Cold War (1947–1991) The Cold War was a geopolitical conflict between the capitalist and liberal democratic United States of America, the authoritarian and Communist Marxist–Leninist Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, and their respective allies: NATO and the Western Bloc for the United States, and the Warsaw Pact and the Eastern Bloc for the Soviet Union. Although both sides did not fight each other directly, both engaged through various proxy wars. At the height of the cold war, both superpowers manufactured and deployed thousands of nuclear weapons to target each other's key economic, military, and political centers. Each superpower's buildup and demonstration of nuclear strike capabilities lead to an unofficial military doctrine known as mutually assured destruction (MAD). The doctrine of MAD prompted leaders on both sides to believe that victory following a full-scale nuclear exchange was simply impossible as the destruction on both sides would be insurmountable. Towards the end of the Cold War, a period of détente culminated in the easing of tensions, bans on nuclear testing, and the destruction of various quantities of nuclear stockpiles. The Cold War began to come to an end in 1989 with the overthrow of Communist governments across Eastern Europe in the Revolutions of 1989 which was followed shortly after by the collapse of the Soviet Union in 1991, leaving the United States the world's sole superpower. Korean War (1950–1953) On June 25, 1950, after years of tension between communist North Korea and democratic South Korea, North Korea coordinated a series of surprise attacks against strategic points between the 38th parallel. Soon US-led United Nations forces joined the war on behalf of South Korea, expelled the North Korean invasion, and then invaded and nearly captured North Korea. In response, Chinese forces entered the war on behalf of North Korea and pushed the US, South Korean, and UN forces back to the 38th parallel. After 3 years of advances and retreats nearly five million people died. To this very day there are still border disputes between the two Koreas. Civil rights movement (1954–1968) In the 1950s African Americans faced discrimination and segregation throughout the United States, especially in the south where many could not even vote. In 1954, the Supreme Court ruled unanimously in", "title": "Post-war" }, { "docid": "42107833", "text": "Alan Charles Heyman (16 March 1931 – 1 March 2014) was a South Korean musicologist and composer. Born in the United States, he first came to South Korea in 1953 with the United States Army during the Korean War, and after completing a graduate degree in music education at Columbia University, moved to South Korea permanently in 1960 to devote himself to research and composition. He led traditional Korean music troupes on tours of North America and Europe, and made significant contributions to the preservation of Korean traditional music, for which he was recognised with awards from national and international organisations. He gave up his U.S. citizenship to become a South Korean citizen in 1995, and remained in the country until his death in 2014. In the Korean War Heyman was born in New York City on 16 March 1931 to Charles and Lillian Heyman. He went on to attend the University of Colorado, where he majored in music while also studying a pre-medical course, graduating in 1952. After his graduation, Heyman was drafted into the United States Army. He initially knew nothing about Korea; when informed by his senior officer that he would be stationed in Uijeongbu near the South Korean capital Seoul, he asked, \"Excuse me sir, in what part of Japan is Uijeongbu?\" He would go on to serve as an army medic and lab technician. Heyman was first exposed to East Asian music during his Korean War service. In 1953, he was attached to a field hospital unit stationed in Gangwon Province. Chinese and North Korean forces stationed on a nearby mountain would often play loud drum, gong, and taepyeongso music over a loudspeaker late at night, using the sound as a non-lethal weapon to try to keep their enemies sleep-deprived. Most of Heyman's comrades found the noise irritating. However, it had the opposite effect on Heyman himself, who was enthralled by the music, describing it as \"refreshing and interesting\". During the war, he also met the woman who would become his first wife, a nurse. Heyman returned to the U.S. in 1954. At that point, Heyman did not know the name of the instrument that had so fascinated him, the taepyeongso. He would not find out until after his tour of duty had ended and he had entered Columbia University to start studying towards his master's degree in music education: a fellow graduate student from South Korea informed Heyman, based on the description he provided, that the sound he heard was that of the taepyeongso, which he analogised to a \"conical oboe\". That same friend would encourage Heyman to go back to South Korea and pursue his interest in Korean music. Return to South Korea In 1960, the year after U.S. civilians could officially live in South Korea again, Heyman moved to Insa-dong in Seoul. He states that he was the only passenger on the Northwest Airlines flight which brought him back to the country. He enrolled in the Korea Traditional Musical Arts Conservatory near", "title": "Alan Heyman" }, { "docid": "568011", "text": "An estimated 84,532 South Koreans were taken to North Korea during the Korean War. In addition, South Korean statistics claim that, since the Korean Armistice Agreement in 1953, about 3,800 people have been abducted by North Korea (the vast majority in the late 1970s), 489 of whom were still being held in 2006. Terminology South Korean abductees by North Korea are categorized into two groups, wartime abductees and post-war abductees. Wartime abductees Koreans from the south who were kidnapped to the north against their wishes during the 1950–53 Korean War and died there or are still being detained in North Korea are called wartime abductees or Korean War abductees. Most of them were already educated or skilled, such as politicians, government officials, scholars, educators, doctors, judicial officials, journalists, or businessmen. According to testimonies by remaining family members, most abductions were carried out by North Korean soldiers who had specific names and identification in hand when they showed up at people's homes. This is an indication that the abductions were carried out intentionally and in an organized manner. Post-war abductees South Koreans who were kidnapped by North Korean agents in the South Korean territory or foreign countries after the armistice was signed in 1953 are known as post-war abductees. Most of them were captured while fishing near the Korean Demilitarized Zone (DMZ), but some were abducted by North Korean agents in South Korea. North Korea continued to abduct South Koreans into the 2000s, as is shown by the cases of the Reverend Kim Dong-shik (), who was abducted on January 16, 2000, and Jin Gyeong-suk (), a North Korean defector to South Korea who was abducted on August 8, 2004, when she had returned to the China-North Korea border region using her South Korean passport. Background During wartime, North Korea kidnapped South Koreans to increase its human capacity for rehabilitation after the war. It recruited intelligentsia who were exhausted in North Korea and kidnapped those needed for post-war rehabilitation, technical specialists, and laborers. There was an intention to drain the intelligentsia of South Korean society, exacerbate societal confusion, and promote communization of South Korea by making post-war rehabilitation difficult due to the shortage of technical specialists and youth. They also had the intention to guise the abductions as voluntary entry for the advancement of their political system. In his Complete Works, Volume IV, dated July 31, 1946, North Korean leader Kim Il Sung wrote: \"In regards to bringing Southern Chosun's intelligentsia, not only do we need to search out all Northern Chosun's intelligentsia in order to solve the issue of a shortage of intelligentsia, but we also have to bring Southern Chosun's intelligentsia.\" In the case of post-war abductees, Yoichi Shimada, a Fukui University professor in Japan, states that North Korea appeared to abduct foreign citizens to: eliminate witnesses who happened to run into North Korean agents in action steal victims' identities and infiltrate agents back into the countries concerned force abductees to teach their local language and customs to North", "title": "North Korean abductions of South Koreans" }, { "docid": "49550723", "text": "As of 2006, the South Korean Ministry of Unification registered about 9,000 North Koreans in South Korea. Many thousands of them escaped from North to South as a result of the North Korean famine of 1994–1998. North Koreans living in South Korea are often mistreated at schools, denied employment, and are subject to other kinds of ethnic issues due to their being from North Korea. Terminology The government of South Korea looked to promote unification in 2005, by diminishing the use of Cold War Era terms such as \"defectors\" or \"escapees\" when referring to North Korean Migrants. The old terms suggested negative connotations and derogatory use. Instead they opted to use a new term, saeteomin. Saeteomin means \"new settlers\" and emphasizes the migrant characteristics of the people. History The Democratic People's Republic of Korea, or the DPRK, adheres to a strict Stalinist pattern of zero tolerance towards overseas migration. However, after the Korean War, North Korean defectors began to try and escape to South Korea in search of a better life. Before the start of the Korean War, the number of migrators between the North and the South was between 456,000 and 829,000. Through the years 1950–1953, an estimated 400,000–650,000 people migrated. Between 1945 and 1953, about 10 percent of the population left the North, but these numbers dramatically decreased after the war was over. The DMZ Line The Korean Demilitarized Zone, between North and South Korea, exists to keep external and internal threats to a minimum. External threats could come from the possibility of South Korean agents making their way into the country. Any internal threats include the possibility of non-authorized attempts to leave. The DMZ Line is protected by electric fences, minefields, and soldiers. Extra support of fenced and mined beaches, patrols, and surveillance of the area make it nearly impossible to cross. China's role As the direct journey to South Korea was so difficult, China found itself receiving a large number of North Korean defectors. If able to cross, defectors were able to find employment in Northeast China. When the North Korean Famine reached its peak in 1988–1989, almost 200,000 defectors were found in China. After radical liberalization of China, the number of defectors largely increased from 41 to 1,894 annually. Government assistance The South Korean government, in 1997, passed the Act on Protection and Resettlement Support for the Residents Who Escaped From North Korea. The result of the act was 36,960,000 won for each adult defector. The government also increased job training procedures and attempted to address other problems migrants might face in their new life in South Korea. In 2005, the South Korean government launched a scholarship program that allotted up to 15.4 million won per person to achieve vocational training, certifications, and eventually jobs. Although the program gave money to assist in job searching, it also reduced the amount of settlement money from 39.5 million won to 20 million won per person. Economics At the beginning of North Korean migration to South Korea, the", "title": "North Koreans in South Korea" }, { "docid": "60262845", "text": "Poland–South Korea relations is the diplomatic relationship between the Republic of Poland and Republic of Korea. History Poland and Korea first had official contacts in the early 20th century, when both nations were ruled by foreign powers – Poland was partitioned between Austria, Germany and Russia, while Korea was under Japanese rule. Due to suffering similar oppression, the Koreans and Poles shared strong sympathy, and the March 1st Movement, which aimed to form an independent Korea, made Koreans compared to the Poles of Asia. As a result of World War II, both Poland and North Korea were occupied by the Soviet Union, which installed communist regimes in both countries. As a result, relations between the Polish People's Republic and Republic of Korea did not exist after the war, when the republics were established and aligned with opposing blocs in the Cold War. Poland supported North Korea against South Korea and virtually no relations between Poland and South Korea existed throughout the Cold War, in which the Democratic People's Republic of Korea was recognized by Polish People's Republic as the legitimate representative of all Korea. It was not until the 1990s when the Cold War ended that Poland and South Korea established relations. Modern relations Following the end of Cold War, Poland and South Korea's relations dramatically improved and eventually became a strategic partnership. South Korea was the first Asian country to officially loan $450 million in economic aid to Poland. Investments from South Korea continues to increase as for the result of the good relationship between two countries. Poland is also a consumer of Korean networking technology and mobile communications technology. In 2016, South Korea deputy minister of Foreign Affairs, Kim Hyong-zhin, praised Poland for its historical contributions to science and culture, and expressed South Korea's desire to expand the cooperative relationship between the two countries. In 2018, Polish President Andrzej Duda expressed his wish to support a United Nations-led initiative over Korea, aiming for peaceful unification of the Korean peninsula. In 2022, Poland and South Korea strengthened their military cooperation when Poland made a major purchase of K2 Black Panther tanks, K9 Thunder howitzers and FA-50 fighter jets from South Korea. The agreement also provides for technology transfer, the launch of production in Poland and joint Korean-Polish development of next-generation military equipment. Culture Several Polish museums possess collections of Korean art and artifacts, including the National Museum of Ethnography in Warsaw and District Museum in Toruń. Trade For South Korea, Poland is the largest trading partner in Central Europe, with two-way trade hitting an all-time high of $8.95 billion in 2022. The two countries aim to triple bilateral trade by 2030. Resident diplomatic missions Poland has an embassy in Seoul, and an honorary consulate in Daegu. South Korea has an embassy in Warsaw, and an honorary consulate in Wrocław. See also Foreign relations of Poland Foreign relations of South Korea Koreans in Poland North Korea–Poland relations References External links Embassy of the Republic of Poland in Seoul Ambasada Republiki", "title": "Poland–South Korea relations" }, { "docid": "33895786", "text": "The Settlement Support Center for North Korean Refugees (), commonly known as Hanawon (; \"House of Unity\"), is a South Korean facility for the \"training for social adaptation\" of North Korean defectors, preparing them for life in the South. Three months' stay in this facility is mandatory for all North Koreans arriving in the south, with residents unable to leave of their own free will. History Hanawon opened on 8 July 1999, and is located about an hour south of Seoul in the countryside of Anseong, Gyeonggi Province. In her book Nothing To Envy: Ordinary Lives in North Korea, journalist Barbara Demick describes Hanawon as a cross between a trade school and a halfway house, and describes its purpose as teaching North Koreans how to live on their own in South Korea. Originally built to accommodate around 200 people for a three-month resettlement program, in 2002 the facility's capacity was doubled to 400. In 2004, to mark the fifth anniversary of the program, a second facility opened south of Seoul. Operation At Hanawon, a three-month curriculum is focused on three main goals: easing the socioeconomic and psychological anxiety of North Korean defectors; overcoming the barriers of cultural heterogeneity; and practical training for earning a livelihood in the South. Refugees relearn the peninsula's history (for example, that the North started the Korean War), and take classes on human rights and the mechanics of democracy. They receive sex education, learn how to use an ATM, pay bills, drive a car, read the Latin alphabet and speak the South Korean dialect. They are taken on field trips to buy clothes, get haircuts, and eat at a food court. Many refugees have poor teeth from malnutrition. Many also have depression and other psychological problems when they arrive at Hanawon. Thirty percent of female defectors in particular show signs of depression, which analysts attribute to, among other things, having experienced sexual abuse in North Korea, or as refugees in China. Hanawon imposes heavy restrictions on the travel of North Korean defectors, because of security concerns, with barbed wire, security guards, and cameras. A defector who requested anonymity told The Korea Herald that Hanawon felt somewhat like a jail, since she could not freely go outside. Upon completion of the Hanawon program, defectors find their own homes with a government subsidy. When Hanawon first opened, North Koreans were offered ₩36 million per person to resettle with ₩540,000 monthly afterward. As of 2018, they receive ₩7–32 million to resettle and ₩13–20 million for housing, both amounts depending on the conditions and size of the household. Following their completion of the Hanawon program, many defectors find additional assistance through civil society organizations, such as Liberty in North Korea, Database Center for North Korean Human Rights, and Saejowi. References Organizations for North Korean defectors Special schools in South Korea 1999 establishments in South Korea", "title": "Hanawon" }, { "docid": "18029968", "text": "Sergeant Richard George Desautels was a United States Army corporal who was captured on December 1, 1950 at Sonchu by communist forces and not returned by North Korea at the end of the fighting of the Korean War. More than half a century later, the People's Republic of China admitted that Sgt. Desautels died while in captivity in China, and that his remains were buried in Shenyang, China. Early life Richard Desautels was from Shoreham, Vermont. After growing up on a farm, he joined the U.S. Army at age 17. Originally stationed in Fort Lewis (near Tacoma, Washington), he was transferred to South Korea in August 1950 shortly after North Korea invaded the South. Army service in Korea Desautels was assigned to A Company, 2nd Engineer Battalion, 2nd Infantry Division, when his unit was overrun by a Chinese assault near Kunu-ri, North Korea, on December 1, 1950. At the time, he had attained the rank of corporal. He was last seen alive at Camp 5 in Pyoktong, North Korea on August 7, 1953. Return of war dead controversy The Korean War Armistice Agreement was signed in 1953. One of the provisions of the agreement was for all sides to return the bodies of soldiers from the opposing side by October 30, 1954, namely to the Korean Communication Zone (KCOMZ). This exchange was carried out as Op Plan 14-54, also known as Operation Glory. The People's Republic of China had said no Americans were moved to Chinese territory from North Korea, however, authorities from the People's Republic of China gave Pentagon officials details about Desautels in a March 2003 meeting in Beijing contradicting their prior claim. This was not released until 2008 because the information was kept confidential and was only released to the family. There are reports that North Korea kept some American POWs after the war in retaliation for U.S. refusal to repatriate those American-held POWs who did not want to return. Gen. Mark W. Clark, former American commander of U.S. forces during the war wrote that \"we had solid evidence\" that hundreds of American POWs were kept after the war, possibly to gain leverage to replace the Republic of China with the People's Republic of China as the holder of the United Nations seat for China. Post-war POW Communist reports are that Desautels became mentally ill and died on April 29, 1953. He was buried in Shenyang, formerly known as Mukden. That area has been cited as where prison(s) holding hundreds of American POWs were kept, possibly as a transfer point to bring them to Russia. At least 19 reports from former POWs held with Desautels were made, stating that he was alive. Desautels spoke Chinese and had disputes with his Chinese captors. According to Chinese reports, he was buried but his body was reburied during a construction project and the location is not known. Promotion During his imprisonment, Desautels was promoted to the rank of sergeant. See also United States Senate Select Committee on POW/MIA Affairs Eugene", "title": "Richard G. Desautels" }, { "docid": "32864632", "text": "The Front Line (; also known as Battle of Highlands) is a 2011 South Korean war film directed by Jang Hoon, set during the 1953 ceasefire of the Korean War. This is the third film by director Jang Hoon, after completing Secret Reunion and Rough Cut. It won four Grand Bell Awards, including Best Film. It was selected as South Korea's submission to the 84th Academy Awards for Best Foreign Language Film, but did not make the final shortlist. Plot Early in the Korean War in 1950, as the North is rolling through South Korea, South Korean army privates Kang Eun-pyo (Shin Ha-kyun) and Kim Soo-hyeok (Go Soo) are captured in a battle and brought to Korean People's Army captain Jung-yoon. Jung-yoon declares to the prisoners that the war will be over in a week and that he knows exactly why they are fighting the war, before releasing the prisoners, so that they can help reconstruct the nation after the war. Three years later, in 1953, the war has not ended. Despite ceasefire negotiations, the fighting continues around the hills on the 38th Parallel, as each side fights to determine the future dividing line between North and South. The hills, used as bargaining chips in the negotiations, change hands constantly and so quickly that the ceasefire negotiators don't always know who controls them, yet they are coveted by both sides. Amidst the fighting, a South Korean officer commanding 'Alligator' Company, fighting at the Aerok Hills, is found dead, killed by a Southern bullet. The now-First Lieutenant Eun-Pyo of the South Korean Army's Counterintelligence Corps (the precursor to South Korea's current Defense Security Command) is sent to investigate the murder and find an apparent mole there who had been mailing letters from Northern troops to into the South. Eun-pyo arrives at the front lines accompanied by Captain Jae-oh, the replacement commanding officer, and new soldier Pvt. Nam Seong-shik. Eun-Pyo's perceptions change quickly upon arriving at the front. The acting commander, Captain Young-Il, though a skilled soldier, is addicted to morphine, the men actively wear captured enemy uniforms and use Communist vocabulary while talking. War orphans live among the soldiers, the discipline is lax, and the mental health of some men is questionable. Eun-Pyo's old friend Kim Soo-Hyeok reappears, now also a First Lieutenant. A far cry from the cowering incompetent Eun-pyo once knew, he has become a ruthless killer and expert platoon leader. The entire unit also seems burdened about something that happened in Pohang earlier in the war. Their former captor, Jung-Yoon, is revealed to be commanding the North Korean forces against them; he too is severely strained by the war and is struggling to keep his similarly battered veteran unit together. Captain Jae-oh makes a bad impression by ignoring the veteran officers' experience and makes serious tactical errors. Eun-pyo is stunned after witnessing Soo-hyeok murdering surrendered North Koreans as they do not have time to properly take them prisoner during a raid, before joining the rest of Alligator Company", "title": "The Front Line (2011 film)" }, { "docid": "38949795", "text": "Nam Il (5 June 1915 – 7 March 1976) was a Russian-born North Korean military officer and co-signer of the Korean Armistice Agreement. Biography Nam was born Yakov Petrovich Nam () probably in the Russian Far East. Due to a Soviet policy, Nam's family, like many Koreans in Russia's Far East, were moved to Central Asia. He was educated at Smolensk Military School and in Tashkent. Nam achieved his final rank of captain as an Assistant to the Division Chief of Staff of a Soviet Army division during World War II. He took part in some of the greatest battles, including Stalingrad and the Battle of Berlin. When not serving in the military, he worked in the education sector. In 1946, he was sent to Soviet occupied North Korea, as a member of a contingent of ethnic Korean former Soviet military officers to assist Kim Il Sung, leaving behind a wife and daughter in Soviet Union. After the Korean war broke out in 1950 he was appointed Chief of Staff, replacing Kang Kon who had been killed in action. In 1953, Nam became a General of the Army (대장, three-star rank at the time). When the Korean War reached a stalemate in July 1951, Nam served as the Communists' chief delegate at the armistice talks. He was famous for using an amber cigarette holder. After the war, Nam Il served as Minister of Foreign Affairs, in the North Korean government. Along with another Soviet Korean Pak Chong-ae, he worked to help Kim Il Sung break free from Soviet influence. In 1957, he was promoted and became one of several deputy Prime Ministers. Nam, along with Pang Hak-se (the founder of the DPRK secret police), was one of only a few prominent Soviet Koreans who survived the purges of the 1950s. On 7 March 1976, it was announced that he had died when his car was crushed by a truck. Many suspected that this was not an accident, and some blamed Kim Jong Il, who by that time was not powerful enough to simply order that Nam be killed. Others said that it was done by Kim Il Sung. Nam Il's son, who lived in the Soviet Union, visited North Korea and attempted to investigate, but Pang Hak-se told him to go home and stop interfering in affairs which did not concern him. Nam was awarded a state funeral and was buried in Revolutionary Martyrs' Cemetery. Unlike some of his colleagues who were purged, Nam continues to appear in historical photographs. Awards Order of Polonia Restituta, 2nd Class Citations References Futrell, Robert F. (1961).The United States Air Force in Korea 1950-1953. Air Force History and Museums Program year 2000 reprint of original Duel, Sloan and Pearce edition. ISBNs 0160488796, 978–0160488795. External links |- |- North Korean generals North Korean military personnel of the Korean War Foreign ministers of North Korea North Korean atheists North Korean communists 1915 births 1976 deaths People from North Hamgyong Province Road incident deaths in North Korea", "title": "Nam Il" }, { "docid": "61649704", "text": "Hambakdo or Hambaksom is an island in Yonan County, South Hwanghae Province, North Korea. Background The 1953 Armistice Agreement, which was signed by both North Korea and the United Nations Command (UNC), ended the Korean War and specified that all islands in former Hwanghae Province except the five islands including Yeonpyeong Island and Baengnyeong Island would remain under the control of the UNC and South Korea. However, they did not agree on a maritime demarcation line, primarily because the UNC wanted to base it on of territorial waters, while North Korea wanted to use . The five islands were Yeonpyeong Island, Baengnyeongdo, Daecheongdo, Socheongdo and U Island. However, U Island was actually part of Ganghwa County since 1918. Also, South Korea is not a signatory of the 1953 Armistice Agreement. In 1965, there was a clash in this island South Korean fishermen caught clams on the island. North Korea detained and eventually returned the fishermen. South Korea claimed that Hambakdo is a part of Ganghwa County. South Korea registered Hambakdo to Tract index in 1978. Hambakdo was uninhabited until 2017. In 2019, South Korean newspaper noticed that there are North Korean military buildings in Hambakdo. It caused huge debates in South Korea. On September 5, 2019, Chosun Ilbo reported that the island has a radar with range of 30 to 60 kilometers. South Korean government on September 18, 2019, confirmed that no offensive weapons are on the island. Board of Audit and Inspection confirmed claims made by South Korean government that Hambakdo is north of northern limit line and is a North Korean island. References Links Video of Hambakdo Island Disputed islands of Asia Territorial disputes of North Korea Territorial disputes of South Korea North Korea–South Korea border North Korea–South Korea relations Ganghwa County Islands of Incheon Islands of the Yellow Sea South Hwanghae", "title": "Hambakdo" }, { "docid": "29715626", "text": "The Bombardment of Yeonpyeong () was an artillery engagement between the North Korean military and South Korean forces stationed on Yeonpyeong Island on 23 November 2010. Following a South Korean artillery exercise in disputed waters near the island, North Korean forces fired around 170 artillery shells and rockets at Yeonpyeong Island, hitting both military and civilian targets. Shelling caused widespread damage on Yeonpyeong. South Korea retaliated by shelling North Korean gun positions. In total, between four and 20 people (military personnel and civilians) were killed on both sides and approximately 40–55 people were wounded. The North Koreans subsequently stated that they had fired in response to South Korean artillery firing into North Korean territorial waters. The incident caused an escalation of tension on the Korean Peninsula and prompted widespread international condemnation of the North's actions. The United Nations declared it to be one of the most serious incidents since the end of the Korean War, and by 18 December, former US ambassador to the UN Bill Richardson said tensions had escalated to become \"the most serious crisis on the Korean peninsula since the 1953 armistice, which ended the Korean War\". Background A western maritime line of military control between the two Koreas was established by United Nations Command (UNC) in 1953, called the Northern Limit Line (NLL). According to Time, \"The North does not recognize the border that was unilaterally drawn by the United Nations at the close of the 1950–53 Korean War.\" Under the provisions of the armistice, five Northwest Islands are specifically designated to remain under the jurisdiction of the United Nations. The countries' western maritime boundary has long been a flash point between the two Koreas. North Korea did not dispute or violate the line until 1973. The NLL was drawn up at a time when a three-nautical-mile territorial waters limit was the norm, but when in the 1970s a twelve nautical mile limit became internationally accepted, the implementation of the NLL prevented North Korea, in areas, from accessing, arguably actual or prospective, territorial waters. Later, after 1982, it also hindered North Korea establishing a United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea Exclusive Economic Zone to control fishing in the area. In 1999, North Korea drew up their own line, the \"West Sea Military Demarcation Line\" which claims a maritime boundary farther south that encompasses valuable fishing grounds (though it skirts around South Korean-held islands such as Yeonpyeong). This claim is not accepted by either South Korea or the United Nations Command. The United Nations Command perspective remained unchanging, explaining that the NLL must be maintained until any new maritime military demarcation line could be established through the Joint Military Commission on the armistice agreement. In an effort to assert its territorial claims, North Korea has pursued a strategy of challenging South Korean control of the waters south of the NLL. It has made several incursions that have sparked clashes between the two sides, notably a naval battle near Yeonpyeong island in 1999 as well", "title": "2010 Yeonpyeong bombardment" }, { "docid": "32841394", "text": "is a legal status assigned by the Japanese government to ethnic Koreans in Japan who do not have Japanese nationality and who have not registered as South Korean nationals. The status arose following the end of World War II, when many Koreans lost Japanese nationality. Most people with this status technically have both North Korean nationality and South Korean nationality under those countries' respective nationality laws, but since they do not have South Korean documents, and Japan does not recognize North Korea as a state, they are treated in some respects as being stateless. As of 2023 there were around 24,000 people with this status, compared to over 410,000 registered South Korean nationals in Japan. Background Chōsen-seki is a convention made by the Japanese government to register Korean residents in Japan shortly after the Surrender of Japan as if they had been stateless. The Korean people originally had Japanese citizenship during the Japanese occupation of the Korean Peninsula. However, their Japanese citizenship was later revoked by Japanese government after Japan surrendered and gave up sovereignty over Korea, first practically in 1947 under Edict of Foreigner Registration (ja) of Allied Occupied Japan, then finally and formally, in 1952 through the San Francisco Treaty. In 1947, Koreans were still technically of Japanese citizenship although Article 11 of the Edict of Foreigner Registration states that they are considered foreigners. Hence, the Koreans who then resided in Japan were registered as \"of Chōsen\" according to their geographical origin as substitution of nationality. Since the foundation of South Korea in 1948, those Koreans have been able to reprocess their foreigner registration in Japan as South Korean nationals willingly. Those who did not do so, either because of an affinity for North Korea or because they did not wish to choose a side, retained Chōsen-seki status. Legal treatment In Japan Japan delegates various issues of private civil law (such as family law) involving foreigners to the foreigners' home country. For example, Zainichi registered as South Korean have their wills determined by South Korean law. With regard to Chōsen-seki individuals, Japanese courts have generally applied South Korean law, but in some cases have applied North Korean law or Japanese law (in the latter case, treating the individual as stateless). Some Chōsen-seki individuals report discrimination based on their status, as it is associated with North Korea. In South Korea Chōsen-seki individuals cannot obtain a South Korean passport unless they register as South Korean nationals. Historically, they could travel to South Korea with a special travel document issued in Japan, but this practice was curtailed in 2009 under the Lee Myung-bak government. The Moon Jae-in government relaxed travel restrictions for Chōsen-seki individuals in 2017, with Moon stating that \"we will normalize visits to their homeland regardless of nationality as a humanitarian gesture.\" On September 30, 2010, the Seoul High Court declared that an ethnic Korean from Japan with Chōsen-seki status was a \"stateless overseas compatriot\" and could be refused a travel document; on appeal in 2013, the Supreme Court", "title": "Chōsen-seki" }, { "docid": "10059313", "text": "Japanese people in North Korea are people of Japanese descent living in North Korea. They consist mainly of four groups: prisoners-of-war in the Soviet Union, Japanese accompanying repatriating Zainichi Korean spouses, defectors, and kidnapping victims. The number who remain alive is not known. Background In 1945, with the end of World War II and the collapse of the Empire of Japan, 200,000 Japanese colonists were stranded north of the 38th parallel; however, they were repatriated to Japan soon after. The earliest and largest post-war influx of Japanese to North Korea was involuntary: 27,000 prisoners-of-war from the Soviet Union. Their current whereabouts are unknown; documents from Russian archives suggest that only the physically ill were sent to North Korea, while able-bodied men were retained by the Soviets to perform forced labor there. Spouses of repatriating Zainichi Koreans Voluntary migration of Japanese to North Korea began in 1959, under a repatriation campaign for Zainichi Koreans sponsored by ethnic activist organisation and de facto North Korean embassy Chongryon. Chongryon received the tacit support of the Japanese and American governments, who saw Koreans in Japan as \"Communists\" and \"criminals\", in the words of the US ambassador to Japan at the time, Douglas MacArthur II; they welcomed the repatriation campaign as a way of reducing the ethnic minority population. In total, 6,637 Japanese people are estimated to have accompanied Korean spouses to North Korea, of whom 1,828 retained their Japanese nationality. The numbers of both Japanese and Koreans going to North Korea dropped sharply in the 1960s as knowledge of the poor economic conditions, social discrimination, and political repression faced by both Korean and Japanese migrants filtered back to Japan by word of mouth. According to North Korean defector Kang Chol-Hwan, himself the son of participants in the repatriation campaign, Japanese wives of North Korean men led Pyongyang's first anti-government demonstration in North Korean history, when they staged a protest appealing for permission to return home. Kang also relayed an anecdote about Kim Il Sung being shocked when one Japanese woman showed up when he was making a \"spot visit\" to a mine in South Hamgyong Province and personally begged to him to be allowed to go back to Japan. These two events are said to have been the impetus for the 1970s purges of migrants from Japan, in which many Chongryon members and their families were sent to detention camps or killed. Two-thirds of the Japanese who migrated to North Korea are estimated to have gone missing or have never been heard from. However, in spite of the harsh political situation, migration to North Korea did not stop completely until 1984. , North Korea had refused to provide Japan with a list of surviving Japanese in the country, and had only permitted a few small groups of 10–15 to travel to Japan. They further objected to the Japanese practice of referring to such trips as \"visits home\", instead preferring to call them \"temporary visitors\" or even \"government delegations\". Defections and kidnappings The nine members", "title": "Japanese people in North Korea" }, { "docid": "62014096", "text": "The Battle of Jangsari () is a 2019 South Korean action-war film co-directed by Kwak Kyung-taek and Kim Tae-hoon, starring Kim Myung-min, Megan Fox, and Choi Min-ho in the lead roles. The second installment in a trilogy following Operation Chromite, the film depicts the September 14-15, 1950 Battle of Jangsari and tells the true story of the 'Independent 1st Guerrilla Battalion' (estimated strength: 718-772) of student volunteer soldiers led by ROK Army officers, including Captain Lee Myung-heum), who staged a small diversionary operation at Jangsari beach in Yeongdeok. The main mission was to block the supply route and therefore to achieve disruption of the North Korean Army around the Pusan Perimeter by hit-and-run tactics and the secondary mission was a diversion to draw the North Korean Army's attention, to facilitate the success of the Incheon landing. Megan Fox plays the role of Maggie, an American reporter and war correspondent for the New York Herald Tribune, who covered the Korean War and called on the international community for assistance. Kim Myung-min plays a guerrilla task force commander while Choi Min-ho plays a low-ranking soldier. George Eads plays the leader of the landing operation. The film was released theatrically in South Korea on 25 September 2019 and in the U.S. on 4 October 2019. Synopsis During the Korean War, 'Independent 1st Guerrilla Battalion' is tasked with staging a diversionary mission at Jangsari Beach in South Korea, in order to deceive the North Korean forces into thinking the opposition forces would launch a decisive invasion there. In doing so, they would be able to pave the way for the success of Incheon Landing. Meanwhile, an American reporter and war correspondent (Megan Fox) covers the Korean War and tries to get help from the international community as the soldiers struggle to accomplish their mission due to a lack of proper training, weapons, and adequate food and supplies. Cast Kim Myung-min as Lee Myung-joon (based on commander Captain Lee Myung-heum) Megan Fox as Maggie (fictional character based on Marguerite Higgins and Margaret Bourke-White) Choi Min-ho as Choi Sung-pil Kim Sung-cheol as Ki Ha-ryun Kim In-kwon as Ryu Tae-seok Kwak Si-yang as Park Chan-nyeon Jang Ji-gun as Guk Man-deuk Lee Ho-jung as Moon Jong-nyeo Lee Jae-wook as Lee Gae-tae Go Geon-han as Choi Jae-pil Dong Bang-woo as General Lim Choon-bong George Eads as Colonel Stephen Jeong Jong-jun as Guk Man-deuk (old) Kim Min-kyu as Choi Jae-pil Choi Jae-pil as North Korean Army General Han Chul-woo as Moonsan ship captain Jang Myung-kab as Jochiwon ship captain Baek Shin as Myung troops officer 1 Oh Gyu-chul as village North Korean Army soldier 2 Daniel Joey Albright as U.S. Navy soldier 2 Filming Principal photography commenced on 3 October 2018 and was completed on 12 January 2019. Release Produced by Taewon Entertainment and distributed by Warner Bros. Korea, the film was released theatrically in South Korea on 25 September 2019 in 1,090 South Korean theaters. It was released in U.S. on 4 October 2019 by Well Go USA. Reception", "title": "The Battle of Jangsari" }, { "docid": "16576103", "text": "Ulchi-Freedom Guardian (을지 프리덤 가디언, Eulji peurideom gadieon) is the name () of the military exercise previously known as Ulchi-Focus Lens, a combined military exercise between South Korea and the United States. The exercise is the world's largest computerized command and control implementation, involving 50,000 South Korean troops alongside 17,500 U.S. troops in 2017, and mainly focuses on defending South Korea from a North Korean attack. The exercise was initiated in 1976 and is conducted annually during August or September. The word 'Ulchi' comes from the name of a famous Korean general called Eulji Mundeok, who was the Commander-In-Chief of the army of Goguryeo. History The origin of the exercise is Taeguk Yeonseup (태극연습,Taeguk Exercise), which began after the Blue House Raid by North Korean special forces in 1968. The title of the exercise was changed to Ulchi Yeonseup (을지연습,Ulchi Exercise) in the following year. In 1976, it was integrated with ROK-US Combined Forces Command's military training, Focus Lens, into Ulchi-Focus Lens. The name of the exercise was changed again in 2008 to Ulchi-Freedom Guardian. The exercise has on occasion included contingents from Australia, Britain, Canada, Colombia, Denmark, the Netherlands and New Zealand. In 2022, thousands of protesters demonstrated against the drills in South Korea. Reaction of North Korea North Korea routinely denounces the exercise as preparation for war. On 20 August 2012, the exercise began between South Korea and the United States over the objections of North Korea. North Korea alleged that the drill was a precursor to a war planned against them. The North Korean foreign ministry stated that \"the prevailing situation requires us to bolster up the war deterrent physically and goes to prove that it was entirely just when we determined to fully reexamine the nuclear issue.\" The United States Department of State countered, saying that North Korea must refrain from \"bellicose statements.\" General James D. Thurman, added on, stating that Ulchi Freedom Guardian is \"a key exercise in strengthening the readiness of Republic of Korea and U.S. forces.\" The 2017 exercise took place August 21–31, during a crisis over successful North Korean missile tests and strong rhetoric by U.S. President Trump. The U.S. manpower contribution for the exercise was reduced from 25,000 in 2016 to 17,500. South Korean media reported that the U.S. had cancelled plans to deploy strategic assets in the exercise, such as aircraft carriers, nuclear-powered submarines or a B1 bomber. U.S. Forces Korea did not comment on the reason. In 2018, the South Korean government cancelled that year's exercise. However, joint US-South Korean military exercises resumed again on November 5, 2018, though on a small scale compared to previous exercises. A buffer zone had been established across the Korean Demilitarized Zone on November 1, 2018 to prohibit both Koreas from conducting live-fire artillery drills and regiment-level field maneuvering exercises or those by bigger units within 5 kilometers of the Military Demarcation Line (MDL). No fly zones was also established along the DMZ to ban the operation of drones, helicopters and other aircraft", "title": "Ulchi-Freedom Guardian" }, { "docid": "16689941", "text": "Canada–South Korea relations are foreign relations between Canada and the Republic of Korea. Canadian soldiers participated in the defense of South Korea during the Korean War. Full diplomatic relations between Canada and South Korea were established on January 14, 1963. Canada has an embassy in Seoul, and a consulate in Busan. South Korea has an embassy in Ottawa and three Consulates-General, in Montreal, Toronto and Vancouver. Both nations are full members of APEC, OECD and the G20. History Contact between Canada and the Republic of Korea date back to the 19th century when Canadians were some of the first Westerners to arrive on the Korean peninsula, a majority of whom were Christian missionaries, though they branched out into other fields of work. Rev. Canadian James S. Gale (1863-1937) created the Korean-English Dictionary which became the first and most essential tool for the scholarly study of Korea in the West; and did an independent translation of the Bible into the Korean language. Another Canadian, Dr. Oliver R. Avison, was the personal physician to King Kojong (1852-1919) and is considered the founder of modern medical knowledge in Korea. Dr. Frank Schofield, a British-born Canadian from Guelph, Ontario, played an important role in the liberation of Korea from the Japanese occupation. Schofield is the only westerner buried in the patriot section in Korea's National Cemetery. Official contact began in 1947 when Canada participated in the United Nations Commission overseeing election in Korea, and Canada formally recognized the Republic of Korea in 1949. When war broke out between North Korea and South Korea in 1950, Canada sent 26,971 military personnel to the Korean peninsula as part of a United Nations force, the third largest contingent behind the United States and the United Kingdom. Additionally, Canadians saw action in both naval and air forces with eight destroyers, 3,621 naval officers and men, twenty-two fighter pilots and several technical officers; whom were attached to the U.S. Fifth Air Force. Canada continued peacekeeping operations in Korea with the introduction of the Armistice Agreement. Due to the nature of the Korean War as the \"Forgotten War\", public awareness has been raised with the dedication of a national monument in 1997 - the Wall of Remembrance in Brampton, Ontario. 516 Canadians died in the war and 378 Canadians lie buried in the United Nations Memorial Cemetery in Busan. In 2018, two Canadian nationals, Michael Kovrig and Michael Spavor, were detained in China after being accused by the Chinese government of espionage and endangering national security. On February 12, 2021, Canada and 57 other nations, including the US, UK, Australia, Germany and Sweden, jointly signed a declaration condemning the use of arbitrarily detaining people for political purposes. In response, China called Canada’s action a “despicable and hypocritical act”. The declaration was supported by 57 countries, though one historically democratic country not on the list of supporters is South Korea, which has been looking to build a stronger relationship with China. On March 22, 2021, Michael Kovrig’s trial began in Beijing", "title": "Canada–South Korea relations" }, { "docid": "58626724", "text": "Myanmar (Burma) and North Korea established bilateral diplomatic relations in May 1975. The history of contacts between the two countries goes back to 1948, the year of the declaration of Burmese independence. Initially, however, Burma under U Nu favored Syngman Rhee's government in the south of Korea. During and after the Korean War, Burma balanced the interest of North and South Korea, taking into consideration the position of China. After the 1975 establishment of diplomatic relations Burma began to shift toward North Korea, which was also nominally socialist and equally wary of Western imperialism. The Rangoon bombing on 9 October 1983 was a turning point in Myanmar–North Korea relations. Once it found out that North Koreans were behind the attack, Myanmar cut off diplomatic relations and went as far as withdrawing formal recognition of the country. Relations began to recover during the years of the Sunshine Policy when South Korea encouraged the North's rapprochement with Myanmar. Strategic considerations brought Myanmar and North Korea even closer. Myanmar had natural resources that North Korea needed, and North Korea began supplying Myanmar with military technology. Diplomatic relations were restored on 25 April 2007. Military cooperation between North Korea and Myanmar deepened into cooperation with nuclear issues. Myanmar is believed to operate a nuclear weapons program that seeks to emulate the success of North Korea's nuclear weapons capability. The program is supported by North Korean training and equipment. Although the 2011–2015 Myanmar political reforms have led to the cancellation or downgrading of military ties, reports on suspicious activities have continued . History Period of good relations Burma (Myanmar) and North Korea already had some contacts in 1948 when Burma became independent. U Nu's government, however, voted in favor of the motion in the UN that recognized Syngman Rhee's government as the legitimate government over all of Korea. Burma, however, refused to recognize either state and wished to see a peaceful solution to the nascent Korean crisis. After the Korean War broke out, Burma enforced the UN Security Council resolution that labeled North Korea as the aggressor. This perceived \"anti-communist\" stance of Burma perplexed many, because Burma was seen as a country with a non-aligned orientation. Burma did, however, not send troops to fight in Korea. When the Korean War escalated and China got involved, Burma with its long border with China, was forced to change its tone. Burma became the only non-communist country along with India not to vote for a motion that recognized China as another aggressor of the Korean War. After the war, Burma began to develop contacts in both Koreas on an unofficial setting. By 1961, there were non-ambassadorial consulates of both Koreas in Burma. Burma established formal diplomatic relations with both Koreas in May 1975, after Ne Win had taken power. During the 1970s and 1980s, North and South Korea were fighting for legitimacy in the international arena. This was also reflected in the countries' relations with Burma when both tried to match each other's outreach efforts. Both would match", "title": "Myanmar–North Korea relations" }, { "docid": "5756608", "text": "This list names the 22 United Nations soldiers and prisoners of war (one Briton and 21 Americans) who declined repatriation to the United Kingdom and United States after the Korean War in favor of remaining in China, and their subsequent fates. Also listed are soldiers who defected to North Korea. Background Prisoner repatriation was one of the greatest stumbling blocks in the long cease-fire negotiations between the forces of the United Nations and those of China and North Korea. The warring factions finally agreed on an exchange of sick and wounded prisoners, Operation Little Switch, which was carried out in April and May 1953. That June, the two sides agreed that no prisoner who did not wish to be repatriated would be forced to do so (this had long been a sticking point in negotiations, with the Chinese and North Koreans wanting all prisoners returned to their home countries). Prisoners who did not wish to go back to their home countries would be given 90 days in a neutral compound near Panmunjom to reconsider before being allowed to stay in enemy territory. Following the signing of the Korean Armistice Agreement (which South Korea declined to sign) on 27 July 1953 which brought the fighting in the Korean War to a halt, the main prisoner exchange was free to proceed. Operation Big Switch, the exchange of remaining prisoners of war, commenced in early August 1953, and lasted into December. 75,823 Communist fighters (70,183 North Koreans, 5,640 Chinese) were returned to their homelands. 12,773 U.N. soldiers (7,862 South Koreans, 3,597 Americans, and 946 British) were sent back south across the armistice line. Over 14,000 Communist soldiers, many of whom were former Republic of China soldiers who fought against the Communists in the Chinese Civil War, refused repatriation. Similarly, one Briton and 23 American soldiers (along with 327 South Koreans) also refused to be returned to their homelands. Two, Corporal Claude Batchelor and Corporal Edward Dickenson, changed their minds before the 90-day window expired. Both were court-martialed and sentenced to prison terms, with Batchelor serving 4½ years and Dickenson 3½. This left 22 United Nations soldiers who voluntarily stayed with the Communists after the final exchange of prisoners. The 21 Americans were given dishonorable discharges. This had the unintended consequence of rendering them immune to court-martial when they finally returned to the United States (which the majority eventually did), because they were no longer active-duty military. However, they were still criminally culpable for any acts of collaboration or offenses against fellow prisoners committed while they were POWs. At about 4:00 am on 24 February 1954, a train carrying the 21 American defectors crossed the Yalu River into China. The Chinese soon shipped some of the men off to study language and politics. Others went to mills, factories, and farms across Eastern China. List of defectors American Adams, Clarence (Cpl.). A soldier from Memphis, Tennessee. Adams, an African-American, cited racial discrimination in the United States as the reason he refused repatriation. While a prisoner,", "title": "List of American and British defectors in the Korean War" }, { "docid": "15819746", "text": "New Zealand–North Korea relations refers to international relations between New Zealand and North Korea. Relations between the two countries have been almost non-existent since the division of Korea. During the Korean War in the 1950s, New Zealand troops fought as part of the United Nations force that repelled the North Korean invasion of South Korea. Since then, New Zealand and North Korea have had little contact, until July 2000 when North Korean Foreign Minister Paek Nam-sun and New Zealand Minister of Foreign Affairs Phil Goff met in Bangkok, leading to the establishment of diplomatic relations in March 2001. The New Zealand ambassador to South Korea based in Seoul is also cross-accredited to North Korea. In 2006, North Korea tested its first nuclear weapon, drawing criticism and suspension of relations by the New Zealand government, which holds a staunch anti-nuclear policy. New Zealand began re-establishing formal relations in 2007, when the New Zealand Minister of Foreign Affairs Winston Peters visited Pyongyang on November 20 to discuss possible political and economic deals with North Korea, on the basis that it started dismantling its nuclear weapons facilities. History The Korean War was an escalation of a civil war between two rival Korean regimes, each of which was supported by external powers, with each trying to topple the other through political and guerrilla tactics. After failing to strengthen their cause in the free elections held in South Korea during May 1950 and the refusal of South Korea to hold new elections per North Korean demands, the communist North Korean Army moved south on June 25, 1950 to attempt to reunite the Korean peninsula, which had been formally divided since 1948. New Zealand was among those that responded to the UN call for help. New Zealand joined 15 other nations including Britain and the United States in the anti-communist war. However, the Korean War was also significant, as it marked New Zealand's first move towards association with the United States in supporting that country's stand against communism. New Zealand contributed six frigates, several smaller craft and a 1,044 strong volunteer force (known as K-FORCE) to the Korean War. The ships were under the command of a British flag officer and formed part of the US Navy screening force during the Battle of Inchon, performing shore raids and inland bombardment. New Zealand troops remained in Korea in significant numbers for four years after the 1953 armistice, although the last New Zealand soldiers did not leave until 1957 and a single liaison officer remained until 1971. A total of 3,794 New Zealand soldiers served in K-FORCE and 1,300 in the Navy deployment. After some debate, on 26 July 1950, the New Zealand Government announced it would raise a volunteer military force to serve with UN forces in Korea. The government raised what was known as \"Kayforce\" (K-Force), a total of 1,044 men selected from among volunteers. An artillery regiment and support elements arrived later during the conflict from New Zealand. The force arrived at Pusan on New", "title": "New Zealand–North Korea relations" }, { "docid": "42007406", "text": "Doctor Stranger () is a 2014 South Korean television series starring Lee Jong-suk, Jin Se-yeon, Park Hae-jin and Kang So-Ra. It aired on SBS from May 5 to July 8, 2014 on Mondays and Tuesdays at 21:55 KST (UTC+9) for 20 episodes. Synopsis As a child, Park Hoon (Lee Jong-suk) and his father Park Cheol, a well-known surgeon (Kim Sang-joong) were sent to North Korea to conduct an open-heart surgery on Kim Ill Sung to prevent the Second Korean War. After being sent to North Korea, Park Hoon and his father were denied access to go back to South Korea. It is revealed that Park Cheol is suing the Myungwoo University Hospital for a serious malpractice case and Park Cheol's friend, Dr Park Choi wanted to take responsibility. However, the director of the Hospital Oh did not want the malpractice case to become public which will ruin the hospital's reputation. As the result, he conspired with Jang Seok-joo, a national security official to make Park Cheol and his son trapped in North Korea. In North Korea, Park Hoon was trained to become a doctor by his father who was already a famous doctor. He became a genius cardiothoracic surgeon after attending medical school in North Korea while moonlighting as a smuggler, selling South Korea K-pop DVD. There, he fell deeply in love with Song Jae-hee (Jin Se-yeon). After Park Hoon's father died, he tried to flee to South Korea with Jae-hee, but lost contact with her in the end. Park Hoon was able to flee to South Korea alone. In South Korea, Park Hoon begins to work as doctor in a top hospital Myungwoo University Hospital. Meanwhile, he found a girl that looks exactly like Jae-hee, Doctor Han Seung-hee, who claims not to know Park Hoon. At the same time, Lee Sung-hoon, a leading doctor in the hospital plans his revenge against the institution for the death of his father in the malpractice case 10 years ago. Cast Main Lee Jong-suk as Park Hoon 박훈 Goo Seung-hyun as young Park Hoon A South Korean who was raised in North Korea after his father was conned into going over to North. He trained to be a genius doctor in North Korea and later defects to South Korea in a bid to live a better life with his lover. Jin Se-yeon as Song Jae-hee 송재희/Han Seung-hee한승희 Seo Ji-hee as young Song Jae-hee Jae-hee is Park Hoon's soul mate who was separated from him while they were escaping from North Korea; Seung-hee is a North Korean woman and is a specialist in oriental medicine anesthesia. Park Hae-jin as Han Jae-joon 한재준/ Lee Sung-hoon 이성훈 Kim Ji-hoon as young Lee Sung-hoon A genius who graduated from Harvard and became a doctor to take revenge on Myungwoo Hospital for the death of his father in a malpractice case, as Park Hoon's rival. Kang So-ra as Oh Soo-hyun 오수현 Shin Soo-yeon as young Oh Soo-hyun Daughter of the chairman of Myungwoo Hospital, a cardiothoracic surgeon Supporting", "title": "Doctor Stranger" }, { "docid": "57869448", "text": "The Second Phase Offensive (25 November – 24 December 1950) or Second Phase Campaign () of the Korean War was an offensive by the Chinese People's Volunteer Army (PVA) against United Nations Command (U.S./UN) forces, most of which were soldiers of South Korea and the United States. The two major engagements of the campaign were the Battle of the Ch'ongch'on River in the western part of North Korea and the Battle of Chosin Reservoir in the eastern part of North Korea. Casualties were heavy on both sides. The battles were fought in temperatures as low as and casualties from frostbite may have exceeded those from battle wounds. On 23 December 1950 Lieutenant General Walton Walker died in a vehicle accident in Seoul while in command of the U.S. 8th Army. He was the highest ranked U.S. military service member killed in the Korean War. U.S. intelligence and air reconnaissance failed to detect the large numbers of Chinese soldiers present in North Korea. Thus, the UN units, the Eighth United States Army on the west and the X Corps on the east, kicked off the \"Home-by-Christmas\" offensive on 24 November with \"unwarranted confidence...believing that they comfortably outnumbered enemy forces.\" The Chinese attacks came as a surprise. The Home-by-Christmas offensive, with the objective of conquering all of North Korea and ending the war, was quickly abandoned in light of the massive Chinese assault. The Second Phase Offensive forced all UN forces to go on the defensive and retreat. China had recaptured nearly all of North Korea by the end of the offensive. Background In late 1950, the United Nations military forces, led by the United States, advanced rapidly north through South Korea with only light resistance from the retreating North Korean Korean People's Army (KPA). On 1 October 1950, UN Commander General Douglas MacArthur called on North Korea to surrender. There was no response. On 3 October MacArthur announced that UN forces had crossed the border into North Korea. The UN forces proceeded northward toward the Yalu River, the boundary between North Korea and China. On 24 November a final UN offensive, informally called the \"Home-by-Christmas Offensive\", to complete the conquest of North Korea began. Most of North Korea was then occupied by UN forces, and the Korean War seemed to be almost over. The UN soldiers and their leaders were optimistic that the Korean War could be concluded by Christmas, 25 December. Despite some indications that substantial numbers of Chinese soldiers were in North Korea, MacArthur played down both the estimates of numbers of Chinese soldiers in North Korea and the possibility of large-scale Chinese intervention. A U.S. military intelligence report dated 25 November estimated that the total number of Chinese soldiers in North Korea was only 70,000. That same date the PVA launched the Second Phase Offensive with 300,000 men or more. In early October 1950, after reports that UN forces were crossing the border into North Korea, Chinese leader Mao Zedong notified Soviet Union leader Joseph Stalin that \"We", "title": "Second Phase Offensive" } ]

[ "25 June 1950" ]