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2hop__244421_40786 | What is the highest court in the jurisdiction of Eurocrats? | The European Court of Justice | [
"The European Court of Justice",
"European Court of Justice",
"Court of Justice"
] | {
"answer": "The European Court of Justice",
"answer_aliases": [
"European Court of Justice",
"Court of Justice"
],
"answerable": true,
"id": "2hop__244421_40786",
"paragraphs": [
{
"idx": 0,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "The Supreme Court of Victoria is the superior court for the State of Victoria, Australia. It was founded in 1852, and is a superior court of common law and equity, with unlimited jurisdiction within the state. Those courts lying below it include the County Court of Victoria and the Magistrates' Court of Victoria. The Victorian Civil and Administrative Tribunal, which is not a court, serves a judicial function. Above it lies the High Court of Australia. This places it around the middle of the Australian court hierarchy. The building itself is on the Victorian Heritage Register.",
"title": "Supreme Court of Victoria"
},
{
"idx": 1,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "The Supreme Court of Christmas Island was the highest court for Christmas Island, an external territory of Australia. The court was originally established in 1958 after sovereignty over the island was transferred from the United Kingdom to Australia. The court had jurisdiction to deal with all serious crimes and major civil claims for damages occurring on the island. The court was abolished on 10 May 2002.",
"title": "Supreme Court of Christmas Island"
},
{
"idx": 2,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "While it has the smallest geographic jurisdiction of any of the United States courts of appeals, the D.C. Circuit, with eleven active judgeships, is arguably the most important inferior appellate court. The court is given the responsibility of directly reviewing the decisions and rulemaking of many federal independent agencies of the United States government based in the national capital, often without prior hearing by a district court. Aside from the agencies whose statutes explicitly direct review by the D.C. Circuit, the court typically hears cases from other agencies under the more general jurisdiction granted to the Courts of Appeals under the Administrative Procedure Act. Given the broad areas over which federal agencies have power, this often gives the judges of the D.C. Circuit a central role in affecting national U.S. policy and law. Because of this, the D.C. Circuit is often referred to as the second most powerful court in the United States, second only to the Supreme Court",
"title": "United States Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit"
},
{
"idx": 3,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "A clause granting the Supreme Court the power to issue writs of mandamus under its original jurisdiction was declared unconstitutional by Marbury v. Madison, one of the seminal cases in American law. The Supreme Court held that Section 13 of the Judiciary Act was unconstitutional because it purported to enlarge the original jurisdiction of the Supreme Court beyond that permitted by the Constitution. In Marbury, the Supreme Court ruled that Congress can not pass laws that are contrary to the Constitution, and that it is the role of the judicial system to interpret what the Constitution permits. Thus, the Judiciary Act of 1789 was the first act of Congress to be partially invalidated by the Supreme Court.",
"title": "Judiciary Act of 1789"
},
{
"idx": 4,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "The key principle is that the Court only has jurisdiction on the basis of consent. The court has no true compulsory jurisdiction. Jurisdiction is often a key question for the Court, because it is challenged by the respondent. At the Preliminary Objections phase, a respondent may challenge (i) jurisdiction and / or (ii) admissibility of the case. Article 36 outlines four bases on which the Court's jurisdiction may be founded.",
"title": "Jurisdiction of the International Court of Justice"
},
{
"idx": 5,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "In South Africa, a \"two apex\" system existed from 1994 to 2013. The Supreme Court of Appeal (SCA) was created in 1994 and replaced the Appellate Division of the Supreme Court of South Africa as the highest court of appeal in non-constitutional matters. The SCA is subordinate to the Constitutional Court, which is the highest court in matters involving the interpretation and application of the Constitution. But in August 2013 the Constitution was amended to make the Constitutional Court the country's single apex court, superior to the SCA in all matters, both constitutional and non-constitutional.",
"title": "Supreme court"
},
{
"idx": 6,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "The United States District Court for the District of South Carolina (in case citations, D.S.C.) is the federal district court whose jurisdiction is the state of South Carolina. Court is held in the cities of Aiken, Anderson, Beaufort, Charleston, Columbia, Florence, Greenville, and Spartanburg.",
"title": "United States District Court for the District of South Carolina"
},
{
"idx": 7,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "The Supreme Court of the United States (sometimes colloquially referred to by the acronym SCOTUS) is the highest federal court of the United States. Established pursuant to Article Three of the United States Constitution in 1789, it has ultimate (and largely discretionary) appellate jurisdiction over all federal courts and state court cases, involving issues of federal law plus original jurisdiction over a small range of cases. In the legal system of the United States, the Supreme Court is generally the final interpreter of federal law including the United States Constitution, but it may act only within the context of a case in which it has jurisdiction. The Court may decide cases having political overtones, but does not have power to decide nonjusticiable political questions, and its enforcement arm is in the executive rather than judicial branch of government.",
"title": "Supreme Court of the United States"
},
{
"idx": 8,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "The High Court of Kerala is the highest court in the Indian state of Kerala and in the Union Territory of Lakshadweep. It is headquartered at Kochi. Drawing its powers under Article 226 of the Constitution of India, the High Court has the power to issue directions, orders and writs including the writs of habeas corpus, mandamus, prohibition, quo warranto and certiorari for ensuring the enforcement of the Fundamental Rights guaranteed by the Constitution to citizens or for other specified purposes. The High Court is empowered with original, appellate and revisional jurisdiction in civil as well as criminal matters, and the power to answer references to it under some statutes. The High Court has the superintendence and visitorial jurisdiction over all courts and tribunals of inferior jurisdiction covered under its territorial jurisdiction.",
"title": "Kerala High Court"
},
{
"idx": 9,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "The original jurisdiction of a court is the power to hear a case for the first time, as opposed to appellate jurisdiction, when a higher court has the power to review a lower court's decision.",
"title": "Original jurisdiction"
},
{
"idx": 10,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "The Civil Procedure Rules (CPR) are the rules of civil procedure used by the Court of Appeal, High Court of Justice, and County Courts in civil cases in England and Wales. They apply to all cases commenced after 26 April 1999, and largely replace the Rules of the Supreme Court and the County Court Rules.",
"title": "Civil Procedure Rules"
},
{
"idx": 11,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Israel has a three-tier court system. At the lowest level are magistrate courts, situated in most cities across the country. Above them are district courts, serving as both appellate courts and courts of first instance; they are situated in five of Israel's six districts. The third and highest tier is the Supreme Court, located in Jerusalem; it serves a dual role as the highest court of appeals and the High Court of Justice. In the latter role, the Supreme Court rules as a court of first instance, allowing individuals, both citizens and non-citizens, to petition against the decisions of state authorities. Although Israel supports the goals of the International Criminal Court, it has not ratified the Rome Statute, citing concerns about the ability of the court to remain free from political impartiality.",
"title": "Israel"
},
{
"idx": 12,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "However, not all highest courts are named as such. Civil law states do not tend to have singular highest courts. Additionally, the highest court in some jurisdictions is not named the \"Supreme Court\", for example, the High Court of Australia; this is because decisions by the High Court could formerly be appealed to the Privy Council. On the other hand, in some places the court named the \"Supreme Court\" is not in fact the highest court; examples include the New York Supreme Court, the Supreme Courts of several Canadian provinces/territories and the former Supreme Court of Judicature of England and Wales, which are all superseded by higher Courts of Appeal.",
"title": "Supreme court"
},
{
"idx": 13,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "The Supreme Court of Puerto Rico — (TSPR)— is the highest court of Puerto Rico, having judicial authority to interpret and decide questions of Puerto Rican law. The Court is analogous to one of the state supreme courts of the states of the United States; being the Supreme Court of Puerto Rico the highest state court and the court of last resort in Puerto Rico. Article V of the Constitution of Puerto Rico vests the judicial power in the Supreme Court—which by its nature forms the judicial branch of the government of Puerto Rico. The Supreme Court holds its sessions in San Juan.",
"title": "Supreme Court of Puerto Rico"
},
{
"idx": 14,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "The Supreme Court of the United States is the highest federal court of the United States. Established pursuant to Article Three of the United States Constitution in 1789, it has ultimate (and largely discretionary) appellate jurisdiction over all federal courts and state court cases involving issues of federal law plus original jurisdiction over a small range of cases. In the legal system of the United States, the Supreme Court is generally the final interpreter of federal law including the United States Constitution, but it may act only within the context of a case, in which it has jurisdiction. The Court does not have power to decide political questions, and its enforcement arm is in the executive rather than judicial branch of government.",
"title": "Supreme Court of the United States"
},
{
"idx": 15,
"is_supporting": true,
"paragraph_text": "A Eurocrat (a portmanteau of \"European\" and \"bureaucrat\") is \"a staff member of the administrative commission of the European Union\" or more broadly, any official of the European Union. The term was coined by Richard Mayne, a journalist and personal assistant to the first Commission president, Walter Hallstein, in 1961.",
"title": "Eurocrat"
},
{
"idx": 16,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "In Brazil, the Supreme Federal Tribunal (Supremo Tribunal Federal) is the highest court. It is both the constitutional court and the court of last resort in Brazilian law. It only reviews cases that may be unconstitutional or final habeas corpus pleads for criminal cases. It also judges, in original jurisdiction, cases involving members of congress, senators, ministers of state, members of the high courts and the President and Vice-President of the Republic. The Superior Court of Justice (Tribunal Superior de Justiça) reviews State and Federal Circuit courts decisions for civil law and criminal law cases, when dealing with federal law or conflicting rulings. The Superior Labour Tribunal (Tribunal Superior do Trabalho) reviews cases involving labour law. The Superior Electoral Tribunal (Tribunal Superior Eleitoral) is the court of last resort of electoral law, and also oversees general elections. The Superior Military Tribunal (Tribunal Superior Militar) is the highest court in matters of federal military law.",
"title": "Supreme court"
},
{
"idx": 17,
"is_supporting": true,
"paragraph_text": "European Union law is applied by the courts of member states and the Court of Justice of the European Union. Where the laws of member states provide for lesser rights European Union law can be enforced by the courts of member states. In case of European Union law which should have been transposed into the laws of member states, such as Directives, the European Commission can take proceedings against the member state under the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union. The European Court of Justice is the highest court able to interpret European Union law. Supplementary sources of European Union law include case law by the Court of Justice, international law and general principles of European Union law.",
"title": "European Union law"
},
{
"idx": 18,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "The Philadelphia County Court of Common Pleas (First Judicial District) is the trial court of general jurisdiction for Philadelphia, hearing felony-level criminal cases and civil suits above the minimum jurisdictional limit of $7000 (excepting small claims cases valued between $7000 and $12000 and landlord-tenant issues heard in the Municipal Court) under its original jurisdiction; it also has appellate jurisdiction over rulings from the Municipal and Traffic Courts and over decisions of certain Pennsylvania state agencies (e.g. the Pennsylvania Liquor Control Board). It has 90 legally trained judges elected by the voters. It is funded and operated largely by city resources and employees. The current District Attorney is Seth Williams, a Democrat. The last Republican to hold the office is Ron Castille, who left in 1991 and is currently the Chief Justice of the Pennsylvania Supreme Court.",
"title": "Philadelphia"
},
{
"idx": 19,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "The District Court of Maryland for Talbot County District Courthouse is located in Easton, Maryland. Jurisdiction of the District Court includes most landlord- tenant cases, small claims for amounts up to $5,000, replevin",
"title": "Talbot County District Courthouse"
}
],
"question": "What is the highest court in the jurisdiction of Eurocrats?",
"question_decomposition": [
{
"answer": "European Union",
"id": 244421,
"paragraph_support_idx": 15,
"question": "eurocrat >> applies to jurisdiction"
},
{
"answer": "The European Court of Justice",
"id": 40786,
"paragraph_support_idx": 17,
"question": "Which court is the highest court in #1 ?"
}
]
} |
2hop__521785_51888 | When did the body of water next to Breaksea Islands come into existence? | roughly 30 million years ago | [
"roughly 30 million years ago"
] | {
"answer": "roughly 30 million years ago",
"answer_aliases": [],
"answerable": true,
"id": "2hop__521785_51888",
"paragraphs": [
{
"idx": 0,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Gibney Beach is a stretch of white sandy beach located on Hawksnest Bay on St John Island in the United States Virgin Islands. There is vibrant wildlife both on the beach and in the bay. The colonial history, the natives, the beatnik and hippie movements, and the locals of the island come together to form the original, bohemian character of the beach.",
"title": "Gibney Beach"
},
{
"idx": 1,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Butterfly Pond, also known as Aldrich Brook, is a body of water in the town of Lincoln, in Providence County, Rhode Island.",
"title": "Butterfly Pond"
},
{
"idx": 2,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Water covers 71% of the Earth's surface. It is vital for all known forms of life. On Earth, 96.5% of the planet's crust water is found in seas and oceans, 1.7% in groundwater, 1.7% in glaciers and the ice caps of Antarctica and Greenland, a small fraction in other large water bodies, 0.001% in the air as vapor, clouds (formed of ice and liquid water suspended in air), and precipitation. Only 2.5% of this water is freshwater, and 98.8% of that water is in ice (excepting ice in clouds) and groundwater. Less than 0.3% of all freshwater is in rivers, lakes, and the atmosphere, and an even smaller amount of the Earth's freshwater (0.003%) is contained within biological bodies and manufactured products. A greater quantity of water is found in the earth's interior.",
"title": "Water"
},
{
"idx": 3,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Saw Kill may refer to three different bodies of water in New York. Two are tributaries and make up watersheds on the eastern bank of the Hudson River. The northernmost of these is in the Town of Stuyvesant, New York in Columbia County and the southernmost of these is in the Town of Red Hook, New York in Dutchess County. The northern Saw Kill is more commonly known as Mill Creek today. The third tributary drains into Esopus Creek on the Hudson’s west bank. This article refers to the southern body of water on the east bank as Saw Kill (east) and the body of water on the west bank as Saw Kill (west).",
"title": "Saw Kill"
},
{
"idx": 4,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "San Juan is located along the north - eastern coast of Puerto Rico. It lies south of the Atlantic Ocean; north of Caguas and Trujillo Alto; east of and Guaynabo; and west of Carolina. The city occupies an area of 76.93 square miles (199.2 km), of which, 29.11 square miles (75.4 km) (37.83%) is water. San Juan's main water bodies are San Juan Bay and two natural lagoons, the Condado and San José.",
"title": "San Juan, Puerto Rico"
},
{
"idx": 5,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "In February 2018, the Groenland Water Users' Association (a representative body for farmers in the Elgin and Grabouw agricultural areas around Cape Town) began releasing an additional 10 billion litres of water into the Steenbras Dam.",
"title": "Cape Town water crisis"
},
{
"idx": 6,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "The Legislative Council of Prince Edward Island was the upper house of the Legislature of the Canadian province of Prince Edward Island. It existed from 1773 to 1893. Members were appointed by the Lieutenant Governor of Prince Edward Island on the advice of the Premier until 1862 when it became an elected body. In 1893, the Legislative Council and House of Assembly were amalgamated into the Legislative Assembly of Prince Edward Island, a unicameral body with an assemblyman and councillor elected from each electoral district.",
"title": "Legislative Council of Prince Edward Island"
},
{
"idx": 7,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "The Bukit Timah Satellite Earth Station (Chinese: 武吉知马卫星地面站; ) is the second satellite earth station in Singapore after Sentosa Satellite Earth Station in Sentosa Island. The station is located in Bukit Timah near Chantek flyover between Bukit Timah Expressway (BKE) and Pan Island Expressway (PIE). This station is managed and owned by SingTel with the building starting construction in 1983 and started operations in 1986. As it is located next to the BKE, motorists coming into Singapore via the causeway see this as their first landmark other than Woodlands.",
"title": "Bukit Timah Satellite Earth Station"
},
{
"idx": 8,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "The next European to visit was Arent Schuyler de Peyster, of New York, captain of the armed brigantine or privateer Rebecca, sailing under British colours, which passed through the southern Tuvaluan waters in May 1819; de Peyster sighted Nukufetau and Funafuti, which he named Ellice's Island after an English Politician, Edward Ellice, the Member of Parliament for Coventry and the owner of the Rebecca's cargo. The name Ellice was applied to all nine islands after the work of English hydrographer Alexander George Findlay.",
"title": "Tuvalu"
},
{
"idx": 9,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Forward Harbour was a cannery town in the Johnstone Strait region of the Central Coast of British Columbia, Canada, located on the inlet of the same name, which is on the mainland side of Wellbore Channel, to the east of Hardwicke Island. Nearby on the same vicinity on the Mainland, though fronting on other bodies of water, are Jackson Bay to the immediate north, off Sunderland Channel, and Heydon Bay, British Columbia to the east on Loughborough Inlet.",
"title": "Forward Harbour"
},
{
"idx": 10,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Lake Oesa is a body of water located at an elevation of 2,267m (7438 ft) in the mountains of Yoho National Park, near Field, British Columbia, Canada.",
"title": "Lake Oesa"
},
{
"idx": 11,
"is_supporting": true,
"paragraph_text": "The Southern Ocean, geologically the youngest of the oceans, was formed when Antarctica and South America moved apart, opening the Drake Passage, roughly 30 million years ago. The separation of the continents allowed the formation of the Antarctic Circumpolar Current.",
"title": "Southern Ocean"
},
{
"idx": 12,
"is_supporting": true,
"paragraph_text": "The Breaksea Islands Group is a group of six islands, located in the Southern Ocean, off the south western coast of Tasmania, Australia.",
"title": "Breaksea Islands (Tasmania)"
},
{
"idx": 13,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "In early versions of J. R. R. Tolkien's legendarium (see: \"The History of Middle-earth\"), Tol Eressëa was an island visited by the Anglo-Saxon traveller Ælfwine (in earlier versions, Eriol) which provided a framework for the tales that later became \"The Silmarillion\". The name is Quenya for \"Lonely Island\". In early versions, the Cottage of Lost Play is located in Kortirion, the island's main city, and it is here that Eriol the Mariner comes.",
"title": "Tol Eressëa"
},
{
"idx": 14,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "It is located entirely within the county of Cumbria, and all the land in England higher than 3,000 feet (910 m) above sea level lies within the National Park, including Scafell Pike, the highest mountain in England. It also contains the deepest and longest bodies of water in England, respectively Wast Water and Windermere.",
"title": "Lake District"
},
{
"idx": 15,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Lewis Sound () is a body of water running northwest–southeast between Lavoisier Island and Krogh Island to the northeast and Watkins Island to the southwest, in the Biscoe Islands of Antarctica. It was mapped from aerial photographs taken by the Falkland Islands and Dependencies Aerial Survey Expedition, 1956–57. In association with the names of pioneers in cold climate physiology grouped in this area, it was named \"Lewis Passage\" by the UK Antarctic Place-Names Committee (1960) after Sir Thomas Lewis, an English physiologist who investigated the responses of the blood vessels of the skin to environmental temperature. The feature was later renamed as Lewis Sound as it does not provide safe passage for a ship.",
"title": "Lewis Sound"
},
{
"idx": 16,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Intracellular fluid (2 / 3 of body water) is fluid contained within cells. In a 72 - kg body containing 40 litres of fluid, about 25 litres is intracellular, which amounts to 62.5%. Jackson's texts states 70% of body fluid is intracellular.",
"title": "Body water"
},
{
"idx": 17,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Norfolk Island is located in the South Pacific Ocean, east of the Australian mainland. Norfolk Island is the main island of the island group the territory encompasses and is located at 29°02′S 167°57′E / 29.033°S 167.950°E / -29.033; 167.950. It has an area of 34.6 square kilometres (13.4 sq mi), with no large-scale internal bodies of water and 32 km (20 mi) of coastline. The island's highest point is Mount Bates (319 metres (1,047 feet) above sea level), located in the northwest quadrant of the island. The majority of the terrain is suitable for farming and other agricultural uses. Phillip Island, the second largest island of the territory, is located at 29°07′S 167°57′E / 29.117°S 167.950°E / -29.117; 167.950, seven kilometres (4.3 miles) south of the main island.",
"title": "Norfolk Island"
},
{
"idx": 18,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Some areas in the colonies were not conducive to the development of agriculture. This was the case in the New England colonies which consisted of the present day New Hampshire, Connecticut, Rhode Island, Vermont, Maine and Massachusetts. These areas have poorly developed soils and are susceptible to poor climatic conditions. Nevertheless, New England did have prime access to the Atlantic Ocean. New England was able to create a thriving fishing industry to increase their shipbuilding market. New England's ideal placement and the demand that existed for water transport implied that they were involved in the shipping industry as a function of their agricultural impotence, their locations and the development of a fishing industry.",
"title": "Shipbuilding in the American colonies"
},
{
"idx": 19,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Central Water Commission chairman, S. Masood Hussain will head the CWMA and chief engineer of the Central Water Commission, Navin Kumar will be the first chairman of the CWRC. While the CWMA is an umbrella body, the CWRC will monitor water management on a day - to - day basis, including the water level and inflow and outflow of reservoirs in all the basin states.",
"title": "Kaveri River water dispute"
}
],
"question": "When did the body of water next to Breaksea Islands come into existence?",
"question_decomposition": [
{
"answer": "Southern Ocean",
"id": 521785,
"paragraph_support_idx": 12,
"question": "Breaksea Islands >> located in or next to body of water"
},
{
"answer": "roughly 30 million years ago",
"id": 51888,
"paragraph_support_idx": 11,
"question": "when did #1 come into existence"
}
]
} |
2hop__158048_18368 | Who had the fewest troops when UN forces counterattacked in the country where Taekwondo is from? | KPA | [
"KPA"
] | {
"answer": "KPA",
"answer_aliases": [],
"answerable": true,
"id": "2hop__158048_18368",
"paragraphs": [
{
"idx": 0,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "This was the first season where the contestants were permitted to perform in the final rounds songs they wrote themselves. In the Top 8, Sam Woolf received the fewest votes, but he was saved from elimination by the judges. The 500th episode of the series was the Top 3 performance night.",
"title": "American Idol"
},
{
"idx": 1,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Chinese troops suffered from deficient military equipment, serious logistical problems, overextended communication and supply lines, and the constant threat of UN bombers. All of these factors generally led to a rate of Chinese casualties that was far greater than the casualties suffered by UN troops. The situation became so serious that, on November 1951, Zhou Enlai called a conference in Shenyang to discuss the PVA's logistical problems. At the meeting it was decided to accelerate the construction of railways and airfields in the area, to increase the number of trucks available to the army, and to improve air defense by any means possible. These commitments did little to directly address the problems confronting PVA troops.",
"title": "Korean War"
},
{
"idx": 2,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Ramin Azizov (born 8 February 1988, in Lankaran) is an Azerbaijani taekwondo practitioner. He received a gold medal at the 2011 World Taekwondo Olympic Qualification Tournament, held in his home country, and qualified for the 2012 Summer Olympics in the -80 kg division. At the 2012 Summer Olympics he won his first match against Steven López, before losing to Mauro Sarmiento in the quarterfinals.",
"title": "Ramin Azizov"
},
{
"idx": 3,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Pascal Gentil (born May 15, 1973 in Paris, France) is a French taekwondo practitioner. A three-time winner of the European Championships, four-time World Cup Champion and Olympic bronze medallist at the 2000 Summer Olympics in Sydney and at the 2004 Summer Olympics in Athens, Pascal Gentil is the most decorated taekwondo practitioner in French taekwondo history.",
"title": "Pascal Gentil"
},
{
"idx": 4,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "The 1979 World Taekwondo Championships are the 4th edition of the World Taekwondo Championships, and were held in Sindelfingen, Stuttgart, West Germany from October 26 to October 28, 1979. A total of 453 athletes and officials from 38 nations took part in the championships.",
"title": "1979 World Taekwondo Championships"
},
{
"idx": 5,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Karolina Kedzierska (born 14 September 1987 in Malmö) is a Swedish female Taekwondo practitioner. She started to learn taekwondo 1997. Kedzierska competed at 2008 Summer Olympics, where she lost to Natália Falavigna of Brazil in the Bronze Medal match.",
"title": "Karolina Kedzierska"
},
{
"idx": 6,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Jessica Sanchez received the fewest number of votes during the Top 7 week, and the judges decided to use their \"save\" option on her, making her the first female recipient of the save. The following week, unlike previous seasons, Colton Dixon was the only contestant sent home. Sanchez later made the final two, the first season where a recipient of the save reached the finale.",
"title": "American Idol"
},
{
"idx": 7,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Maryna Konieva (born October 19, 1987 in Kharkiv) is a taekwondo athlete from Ukraine who took part in the London Olympics 2012. She won the Bronze Medal in the 2008 European Taekwondo Championships.",
"title": "Maryna Konieva"
},
{
"idx": 8,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Metin Şahin (born January 10, 1963 in Konya, Turkey) is a European champion Turkish former taekwondo practitioner, who serves as the president of the Turkey Taekwondo Federation since 2003.",
"title": "Metin Şahin"
},
{
"idx": 9,
"is_supporting": true,
"paragraph_text": "Meanwhile, U.S. garrisons in Japan continually dispatched soldiers and matériel to reinforce defenders in the Pusan Perimeter. Tank battalions deployed to Korea directly from the U.S. mainland from the port of San Francisco to the port of Pusan, the largest Korean port. By late August, the Pusan Perimeter had some 500 medium tanks battle-ready. In early September 1950, ROK Army and UN Command forces outnumbered the KPA 180,000 to 100,000 soldiers. The UN forces, once prepared, counterattacked and broke out of the Pusan Perimeter.",
"title": "Korean War"
},
{
"idx": 10,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Carmen Marton (born 30 June 1986) is a taekwondo athlete from Australia. She is Australia's first ever world taekwondo champion.",
"title": "Carmen Marton"
},
{
"idx": 11,
"is_supporting": true,
"paragraph_text": "The martial art taekwondo originated in Korea. In the 1950s and 1960s, modern rules were standardized, with taekwondo becoming an official Olympic sport in 2000. Other Korean martial arts include Taekkyon, hapkido, Tang Soo Do, Kuk Sool Won, kumdo and subak.Football and baseball have traditionally been regarded as the most popular sports in Korea. Recent polling indicates that a majority, 41% of South Korean sports fans continue to self-identify as football fans, with baseball ranked 2nd at 25% of respondents. However, the polling did not indicate the extent to which respondents follow both sports. The national football team became the first team in the Asian Football Confederation to reach the FIFA World Cup semi-finals in the 2002 FIFA World Cup, jointly hosted by South Korea and Japan. The Korea Republic national team (as it is known) has qualified for every World Cup since Mexico 1986, and has broken out of the group stage twice: first in 2002, and again in 2010, when it was defeated by eventual semi-finalist Uruguay in the Round of 16. At the 2012 Summer Olympics, South Korea won the Bronze Medal for football.",
"title": "South Korea"
},
{
"idx": 12,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Veronica Calabrese (born November 7, 1987 in Mesagne, Brindisi) is an Italian taekwondo practitioner. She won two bronze medals for the 57 and 59 kg classes at the European Taekwondo Championships (2006 in Bonn, and 2010 in St. Petersburg). She also captured a silver medal in the same division at the 2009 World Taekwondo Championships in Copenhagen, Denmark, losing out to China's Hou Yuzhuo. Calabrese is a member of the taekwondo team for Centro Sportivo Esercito, and is coached and trained by Yoon Soon-Cheul. She is engaged to two-time Olympic medalist Mauro Sarmiento.",
"title": "Veronica Calabrese"
},
{
"idx": 13,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Gwladys Patience Épangue (born August 15, 1983, in Clichy-la-Garenne, France) is a French taekwondo athlete. Representing France at the 2005 World Taekwondo Championships in Madrid, she won the silver medal in the welterweight division, losing to Hwang Kyung-Seon from South Korea in the final. At the 2007 World Taekwondo Championships in Beijing, she won a silver medal, losing to Hwang in the final again.",
"title": "Gwladys Épangue"
},
{
"idx": 14,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Liya Asylbekovna Nurkina (; born September 28, 1984 in Atyrau) is a Kazakhstani taekwondo practitioner. She won two bronze medals for the welterweight division at the 2003 World Taekwondo Championships in Garmisch-Partenkirchen, Germany, and at the 2007 Summer Universiade in Bangkok, Thailand.",
"title": "Liya Nurkina"
},
{
"idx": 15,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Milica Mandić (, born December 6, 1991 in Belgrade, Serbia, Yugoslavia) is a Serbian taekwondo athlete and was the Olympic champion in the +67 kg category.",
"title": "Milica Mandić"
},
{
"idx": 16,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Seyfula Seferovich Magomedov (; born May 15, 1983 in Makhachkala, Dagestan ASSR) is a Russian taekwondo practitioner, who competed in the men's flyweight category. Emerging as Russia's most decorated taekwondo player of all time, Magomedov accrued a set of twenty-one medals in his sporting career, including four European men's flyweight titles, three bronzes from the World Championships, and a single gold from the 2005 Summer Universiade in Izmir, Turkey. Magomedov was also selected to compete for the Russian taekwondo team at the 2004 Summer Olympics in Athens, where he finished only in the opening round of the men's 58-kg division.",
"title": "Seyfula Magomedov"
},
{
"idx": 17,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Theresa Tona (born 21 January 1991) is a taekwondo practitioner from Papua New Guinea. She competed in the 2008 and 2012 Summer Olympics.",
"title": "Theresa Tona"
},
{
"idx": 18,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Diana López (born January 7, 1984) is an American Olympic Taekwondo competitor from Sugar Land, Texas. She represented the United States at the 2008 Olympics in Beijing, where she won a bronze medal.",
"title": "Diana López"
},
{
"idx": 19,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Underestimating the strength of Allied forces on Guadalcanal, which at that time numbered about 11,000 personnel, Ichiki's unit conducted a nighttime frontal assault on Marine positions at Alligator Creek on the east side of the Lunga perimeter. Ichiki's assault was defeated with heavy losses. The Marines counterattacked Ichiki's surviving troops after daybreak, killing many more. All but 128 of the original 917 of the Ichiki Regiment's First Element died.",
"title": "Battle of the Tenaru"
}
],
"question": "Who had the fewest troops when UN forces counterattacked in the country where Taekwondo is from?",
"question_decomposition": [
{
"answer": "Korea",
"id": 158048,
"paragraph_support_idx": 11,
"question": "Where was taekwondo originally from?"
},
{
"answer": "KPA",
"id": 18368,
"paragraph_support_idx": 9,
"question": "Who had the fewest number of troops in #1 ?"
}
]
} |
2hop__63373_92427 | In what portion of the state where the movie just getting started was filmed are the san juan mountains located? | northwestern New Mexico | [
"northwestern New Mexico",
"NM",
"New Mexico"
] | {
"answer": "northwestern New Mexico",
"answer_aliases": [
"NM",
"New Mexico"
],
"answerable": true,
"id": "2hop__63373_92427",
"paragraphs": [
{
"idx": 0,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "The Uncompahgre River is a tributary of the Gunnison River, approximately 75 mi (121 km) long, in southwestern Colorado in the United States. Lake Como at 12,215 ft (3723m) in northern San Juan County, in the Uncompahgre National Forest in the northwestern San Juan Mountains is the headwaters of the river. It flows northwest past Ouray, Ridgway, Montrose, and Olathe and joins the Gunnison at Confluence Park in Delta.",
"title": "Uncompahgre River"
},
{
"idx": 1,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "The Basilica of the National Shrine of Our Lady of San Juan del Valle is a Minor Basilica of the Catholic Church located in San Juan, Texas, United States. It is also a National shrine under the direction of the Diocese of Brownsville.",
"title": "Basilica of the National Shrine of Our Lady of San Juan del Valle"
},
{
"idx": 2,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "It was the first Kannada film to be shot outside India in a country which is not an Indian neighbour and the second Kannada movie to be shot outside India after \"Operation Diamond Racket\" which was shot in Nepal and released four months before this movie. However, this movie is widely credited for starting the trend of Kannada movies shooting outside India.",
"title": "Singaporenalli Raja Kulla"
},
{
"idx": 3,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Mission San Juan Bautista is a Spanish mission in San Juan Bautista, San Benito County, California. Founded on June 24, 1797 by Fermín Lasuén of the Franciscan order, the mission was the fifteenth of the Spanish missions established in present - day California. Named for Saint John the Baptist, the mission is the namesake of the city of San Juan Bautista.",
"title": "Mission San Juan Bautista"
},
{
"idx": 4,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Getting Started is a 1979 animated short by Richard Condie and produced in Winnipeg by the National Film Board of Canada.",
"title": "Getting Started"
},
{
"idx": 5,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Estadio Country Club is a soccer-specific stadium located in the sector of Country Club in San Juan, Puerto Rico. It is located approximately 13 miles southeast of Old San Juan.",
"title": "Estadio Country Club"
},
{
"idx": 6,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Deer Harbor is an unincorporated community on Orcas Island in San Juan County, Washington, United States. As with most San Juan Islands communities, Deer Harbor is known for its recreation and tourism, including kayaking, whale watching, and fishing. Many people fish for Dungeness crab, rock crab, and shrimp there.",
"title": "Deer Harbor, Washington"
},
{
"idx": 7,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "The La Plata Mountains are a small subrange of the San Juan Mountains in the southwestern part of Colorado, United States. They are located on the border between Montezuma and La Plata counties, about northwest of Durango. Their name is Spanish for \"silver\".",
"title": "La Plata Mountains"
},
{
"idx": 8,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "San Juan Bautista District is one of fourteen districts of the Ica Province of the Ica Region of Peru. The District 'seat' is the town of San Juan Bautista.",
"title": "San Juan Bautista District, Ica"
},
{
"idx": 9,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "The Rose of San Juan is a 1913 American silent era short drama film starring Sydney Ayres, Charlotte Burton, and Louise Lester.",
"title": "The Rose of San Juan"
},
{
"idx": 10,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Caucete is a department in the eastern part of the San Juan Province of Argentina, which is predominantly a landscape of mountains, and many plantations. It contains the popular Shrine of the Difunta Correa.",
"title": "Caucete Department"
},
{
"idx": 11,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "The Seymour Range is a low and small mountain range comprising the mountains/hills between the valley of Cowichan Lake and that of the San Juan River on southern Vancouver Island, British Columbia, Canada. It has an area of 888 km and is a subrange of the Vancouver Island Ranges which in turn form part of the Insular Mountains.",
"title": "Seymour Range"
},
{
"idx": 12,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Getting Married in Buffalo Jump is a 1990 Canadian TV movie filmed in Alberta, Canada. In specific Cowley, Lundbreck, and Pincher Creek. It was directed by Eric Till and stars Wendy Crewson and Paul Gross.",
"title": "Getting Married in Buffalo Jump"
},
{
"idx": 13,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Spanish Valley is a census-designated place (CDP) in San Juan County, Utah, in the United States. As of the 2000 census, the CDP population was 181. But on almost all maps of the area, and especially in local usage, the name identifies the geographic valley that extends south of the city of Moab. The majority of the valley, and the majority of the population living in it, lies within Grand County the northern neighbor to San Juan County. Only the southern-most third of Spanish Valley lies within San Juan County, and it is the least populated.",
"title": "Spanish Valley, Utah"
},
{
"idx": 14,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "The Fluffy Movie is a 2014 American stand-up comedy film directed by Manny Rodriguez and starring Gabriel Iglesias. The film was released in theaters on July 25, 2014, by Open Road Films. The concert movie was filmed at two shows on February 28, 2014, and March 1, in San Jose, California.",
"title": "The Fluffy Movie"
},
{
"idx": 15,
"is_supporting": true,
"paragraph_text": "The San Juan Mountains are a high and rugged mountain range in the Rocky Mountains in southwestern Colorado and northwestern New Mexico. The area is highly mineralized (the Colorado Mineral Belt) and figured in the gold and silver mining industry of early Colorado. Major towns, all old mining camps, include Creede, Lake City, Silverton, Ouray, and Telluride. Large scale mining has ended in the region, although independent prospectors still work claims throughout the range. The last large scale mines were the Sunnyside Mine near Silverton, which operated until late in the 20th century and the Idarado Mine on Red Mountain Pass that closed down in the 1970s. Famous old San Juan mines include the Camp Bird and Smuggler Union mines, both located between Telluride and Ouray.",
"title": "San Juan Mountains"
},
{
"idx": 16,
"is_supporting": true,
"paragraph_text": "On May 14, 2016, it was announced that Broad Green Pictures would co-produce the film under the title Villa Capri with Entertainment One, with direction by Ron Shelton, starring Morgan Freeman and Tommy Lee Jones. On June 9, 2016, it was announced that Rene Russo was cast in a leading role alongside Freeman and Jones. Filming began in New Mexico on August 15, 2016. In September 2017, the film was retitled from Villa Capri to Just Getting Started.",
"title": "Just Getting Started (film)"
},
{
"idx": 17,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "The Brazos Mountains is a range in far northern Rio Arriba County, in northern New Mexico in the southwestern United States. The range is part of the southern portion of the San Juan Mountains which are more well known in Colorado. A high crest runs from the border with Colorado for over in a south-southeasterly direction. The high point of the range at is on Grouse Mesa,",
"title": "Brazos Mountains"
},
{
"idx": 18,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "The San Juan Skyway is an All-American Road and a component in the Colorado Scenic and Historic Byway System. It forms a loop in the southwest part of the U.S. state of Colorado traversing the heart of the San Juan Mountains. It roughly parallels the routes of the narrow gauge railways: Rio Grande Southern (US 160, SH 145 and SH 62); and the unconnected Ouray and Silverton Branches of the Denver & Rio Grande along US 550 with the Silverton Railroad bridging a part of the gap. Its origin can be traced to the Around the Circle Route promoted by the D&RG.",
"title": "San Juan Skyway"
},
{
"idx": 19,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Doheny State Beach is a protected beach in the state park system of California, USA, located on the Pacific Ocean in the city of Dana Point. The beach is a popular surf spot located at the mouth of San Juan Creek, which flows from the Santa Ana Mountains southwest to the beach, where it forms a fresh-water lagoon. It is also one of the most polluted beaches in Southern California.",
"title": "Doheny State Beach"
}
],
"question": "In what portion of the state where the movie just getting started was filmed are the san juan mountains located?",
"question_decomposition": [
{
"answer": "New Mexico",
"id": 63373,
"paragraph_support_idx": 16,
"question": "where was the movie just getting started filmed at"
},
{
"answer": "northwestern New Mexico",
"id": 92427,
"paragraph_support_idx": 15,
"question": "where are the san juan mountains in #1"
}
]
} |
4hop2__339729_22831_51791_54140 | When did the nation that seized the country where Al-Berka is located from the empire that declined following the Crimean War join the Allies in WW2? | September 1943 | [
"September 1943"
] | {
"answer": "September 1943",
"answer_aliases": [],
"answerable": true,
"id": "4hop2__339729_22831_51791_54140",
"paragraphs": [
{
"idx": 0,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "At the start of the war on 1 September 1939, the Allies consisted of France, Poland and the United Kingdom, as well as their dependent states, such as British India. Within days they were joined by the independent Dominions of the British Commonwealth: Australia, Canada, New Zealand and South Africa. After the start of the German invasion of North Europe until the Balkan Campaign, the Netherlands, Belgium, Greece, and Yugoslavia joined the Allies. After first having cooperated with Germany in invading Poland whilst remaining neutral in the Allied - Axis conflict, the Soviet Union perforce joined the Allies in June 1941 after being invaded by Germany. The United States provided war materiel and money all along, and officially joined in December 1941 after the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor. China had already been in a prolonged war with Japan since the Marco Polo Bridge Incident of 1937, but officially joined the Allies in 1941.",
"title": "Allies of World War II"
},
{
"idx": 1,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "As the Ottoman state attempted to modernize its infrastructure and army in response to threats from the outside, it also opened itself up to a different kind of threat: that of creditors. Indeed, as the historian Eugene Rogan has written, \"the single greatest threat to the independence of the Middle East\" in the nineteenth century \"was not the armies of Europe but its banks.\" The Ottoman state, which had begun taking on debt with the Crimean War, was forced to declare bankruptcy in 1875. By 1881, the Ottoman Empire agreed to have its debt controlled by an institution known as the Ottoman Public Debt Administration, a council of European men with presidency alternating between France and Britain. The body controlled swaths of the Ottoman economy, and used its position to insure that European capital continued to penetrate the empire, often to the detriment of local Ottoman interests.",
"title": "Ottoman Empire"
},
{
"idx": 2,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "During George's reign the break-up of the British Empire and its transition into the Commonwealth of Nations accelerated. The parliament of the Irish Free State removed direct mention of the monarch from the country's constitution on the day of his accession. From 1939, the Empire and Commonwealth, except Ireland, was at war with Nazi Germany. War with Italy and Japan followed in 1940 and 1941, respectively. Though Britain and its allies were ultimately victorious in 1945, the United States and the Soviet Union rose as pre-eminent world powers and the British Empire declined. After the independence of India and Pakistan in 1947, George remained as king of both countries, but the title Emperor of India was abandoned in June 1948. Ireland formally declared itself a republic and left the Commonwealth in 1949, and India became a republic within the Commonwealth the following year. George adopted the new title of Head of the Commonwealth. He was beset by health problems in the later years of his reign. His elder daughter, Elizabeth, succeeded him.",
"title": "George VI"
},
{
"idx": 3,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "At the Yalta Conference it was agreed that membership would be open to nations that had joined the Allies by 1 March 1945. Brazil, Syria and a number of other countries qualified for membership by declarations of war on either Germany or Japan in the first three months of 1945 -- in some cases retroactively.",
"title": "History of the United Nations"
},
{
"idx": 4,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "At the start of the war on 1 September 1939, the Allies consisted of France, Poland and the United Kingdom, and dependent states, such as the British India. Within days they were joined by the independent Dominions of the British Commonwealth: Australia, Canada, New Zealand and South Africa. After the start of the German invasion of North Europe till the Balkan Campaign, the Netherlands, Belgium, Greece and Yugoslavia joined the Allies. After first having cooperated with Germany in invading Poland whilst remaining neutral in the Allied - Axis conflict, the Soviet Union perforce joined the Allies in June 1941 after being invaded by Germany. The United States provided war materiel and money all along, and officially joined in December 1941 after the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor. China had already been in a prolonged war with Japan since the Lugou Bridge Incident of 1937, but officially joined the Allies in 1941.",
"title": "Allies of World War II"
},
{
"idx": 5,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "As of 1878, there were only three free Slavic states in the world: the Russian Empire, Serbia and Montenegro. Bulgaria was also free but was de jure vassal to the Ottoman Empire until official independence was declared in 1908. In the entire Austro-Hungarian Empire of approximately 50 million people, about 23 million were Slavs. The Slavic peoples who were, for the most part, denied a voice in the affairs of the Austro-Hungarian Empire, were calling for national self-determination. During World War I, representatives of the Czechs, Slovaks, Poles, Serbs, Croats, and Slovenes set up organizations in the Allied countries to gain sympathy and recognition. In 1918, after World War I ended, the Slavs established such independent states as Czechoslovakia, the Second Polish Republic, and the State of Slovenes, Croats and Serbs.",
"title": "Slavs"
},
{
"idx": 6,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "The Crimean People's Republic () () existed from December 1917 to January 1918 in the Crimean Peninsula, a territory currently disputed between the Russian Federation and Ukraine. Crimean People’s Republic was the first Turkic and Muslim democratic republic in the world. In its founding, the Crimean People's Republic was one of many short-lived attempts to create new states after the Russian Revolution of 1917 had caused the Russian Empire to collapse.",
"title": "Crimean People's Republic"
},
{
"idx": 7,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Although it was Russia that was punished by the Paris Treaty, in the long run it was Austria that lost the most from the Crimean War despite having barely taken part in it.:433 Having abandoned its alliance with Russia, Austria was diplomatically isolated following the war,:433 which contributed to its disastrous defeats in the 1859 Franco-Austrian War that resulted in the cession of Lombardy to the Kingdom of Sardinia, and later in the loss of the Habsburg rule of Tuscany and Modena, which meant the end of Austrian influence in Italy. Furthermore, Russia did not do anything to assist its former ally, Austria, in the 1866 Austro-Prussian War:433 with its loss of Venetia and more important than that, its influence in most German-speaking lands. The status of Austria as a great power, with the unifications of Germany and Italy was now severely questioned. It had to compromise with Hungary, the two countries shared the Danubian Empire and Austria slowly became a little more than a German satellite. With France now hostile to Germany, allied with Russia, and Russia competing with the newly renamed Austro-Hungarian Empire for an increased role in the Balkans at the expense of the Ottoman Empire, the foundations were in place for creating the diplomatic alliances that would lead to World War I.",
"title": "Crimean War"
},
{
"idx": 8,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "William Pitt, who entered the cabinet in 1756, had a grand vision for the war that made it entirely different from previous wars with France. As prime minister Pitt committed Britain to a grand strategy of seizing the entire French Empire, especially its possessions in North America and India. Britain's main weapon was the Royal Navy, which could control the seas and bring as many invasion troops as were needed. He also planned to use colonial forces from the Thirteen American colonies, working under the command of British regulars, to invade new France. In order to tie the French army down he subsidized his European allies. Pitt Head of the government from 1756 to 1761, and even after that the British continued his strategy. It proved completely successful. Pitt had a clear appreciation of the enormous value of imperial possessions, and realized how vulnerable was the French Empire.",
"title": "Northern Seven Years' War"
},
{
"idx": 9,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Norway was a founding member of the European Free Trade Association (EFTA). Norway was twice invited to join the European Union, but ultimately declined to join after referendums that failed by narrow margins in 1972 and 1994.",
"title": "Norway"
},
{
"idx": 10,
"is_supporting": true,
"paragraph_text": "As a result of this conflict, the Ottoman Turks ceded the provinces of Tripolitania, Fezzan, and Cyrenaica to Italy. These provinces together formed what became known as Libya.",
"title": "Ottoman Tripolitania"
},
{
"idx": 11,
"is_supporting": true,
"paragraph_text": "The Crimean War marked the ascendancy of France to the position of pre-eminent power on the Continent,:411 the continued decline of the Ottoman Empire, and the beginning of a decline for Tsarist Russia. As Fuller notes, \"Russia had been beaten on the Crimean peninsula, and the military feared that it would inevitably be beaten again unless steps were taken to surmount its military weakness.\" The Crimean War marks the demise of the Concert of Europe, the balance of power that had dominated Europe since the Congress of Vienna in 1815, and which had included France, Russia, Austria and the United Kingdom.",
"title": "Crimean War"
},
{
"idx": 12,
"is_supporting": true,
"paragraph_text": "Some 28 Italian divisions participated in the Balkan invasions. The coast of Yugoslavia was occupied by the Italian Army, while the rest of the country was divided between the Axis forces (a German and Italian puppet State of Croatia was created, under the nominal sovereignty of Prince Aimone, Duke of Aosta, but actually governed by the Croatian fascist Ante Pavelić). The Italians assumed control of most of Greece with their 11th Army, while the Bulgarians occupied the northern provinces and the Germans the strategically most important areas. Italian troops would occupy parts of Greece and Yugoslavia until the Italian armistice with the Allies in September 1943.",
"title": "Military history of Italy during World War II"
},
{
"idx": 13,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "The Battle of Balaclava, fought on 25 October 1854 during the Crimean War, was part of Siege of Sevastopol (1854–55) to capture the port and fortress of Sevastopol, Russia's principal naval base on the Black Sea. The engagement followed the earlier Allied victory in September at the Battle of the Alma, where the Russian General Menshikov had positioned his army in an attempt to stop the Allies progressing south towards their strategic goal. Alma was the first major encounter fought in the Crimean Peninsula since the Allied landings at Kalamita Bay on 14 September, and was a clear battlefield success; but a tardy pursuit by the Allies failed to gain a decisive victory, allowing the Russians to regroup, recover and prepare their defence.",
"title": "Battle of Balaclava"
},
{
"idx": 14,
"is_supporting": true,
"paragraph_text": "Al-Berka (Arabic:البركة) is a Basic People's Congress administrative division of Benghazi, Libya. As of the 2011 Libyan revolution, the area is simply known as a district of Benghazi after the Gaddafi era Basic People's Congresses were disbanded.",
"title": "Al-Berka"
},
{
"idx": 15,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "French involvement in the American Revolutionary War began in 1775, when France, a rival of the British Empire, secretly shipped supplies to the Continental Army. A Treaty of Alliance in 1778 soon followed, which led to shipments of money and matériel to the United States. Subsequently, the Spanish Empire and the Dutch Republic also began to send assistance, leaving the British Empire with no allies.",
"title": "France in the American Revolutionary War"
},
{
"idx": 16,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "The First World War was a disaster for the Ottoman Empire. British and allied forces had conquered Baghdad, Damascus, and Jerusalem during the war and most of the Ottoman Empire was divided amongst the European allies. At the San Remo conference of April 1920, the French were granted a mandate over Syria and the British were granted one over Palestine and Mesopotamia. On 10 August 1920, Mehmed's representatives signed the Treaty of Sèvres, which recognised the mandates and recognised Hejaz as an independent state.",
"title": "Mehmed VI"
},
{
"idx": 17,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "The Crimean War (1853–1856) was part of a long-running contest between the major European powers for influence over territories of the declining Ottoman Empire. The financial burden of the war led the Ottoman state to issue foreign loans amounting to 5 million pounds sterling on 4 August 1854. The war caused an exodus of the Crimean Tatars, about 200,000 of whom moved to the Ottoman Empire in continuing waves of emigration. Toward the end of the Caucasian Wars, 90% of the Circassians were ethnically cleansed and exiled from their homelands in the Caucasus and fled to the Ottoman Empire, resulting in the settlement of 500,000 to 700,000 Circassians in Turkey.[page needed] Some Circassian organisations give much higher numbers, totaling 1–1.5 million deported or killed.",
"title": "Ottoman Empire"
},
{
"idx": 18,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "By the start of the 20th century, Germany and the United States challenged Britain's economic lead. Subsequent military and economic tensions between Britain and Germany were major causes of the First World War, during which Britain relied heavily upon its empire. The conflict placed enormous strain on the military, financial and manpower resources of Britain. Although the British Empire achieved its largest territorial extent immediately after World War I, Britain was no longer the world's pre-eminent industrial or military power. In the Second World War, Britain's colonies in South-East Asia were occupied by Imperial Japan. Despite the final victory of Britain and its allies, the damage to British prestige helped to accelerate the decline of the empire. India, Britain's most valuable and populous possession, achieved independence as part of a larger decolonisation movement in which Britain granted independence to most territories of the Empire. The transfer of Hong Kong to China in 1997 marked for many the end of the British Empire. Fourteen overseas territories remain under British sovereignty. After independence, many former British colonies joined the Commonwealth of Nations, a free association of independent states. The United Kingdom is now one of 16 Commonwealth nations, a grouping known informally as the Commonwealth realms, that share one monarch—Queen Elizabeth II.",
"title": "British Empire"
},
{
"idx": 19,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "The War on Terrorism is a global effort by the governments of several countries (primarily the United States and its principal allies) to neutralize international terrorist groups (primarily Islamic Extremist terrorist groups, including al-Qaeda) and ensure that countries considered by the US and some of its allies to be Rogue Nations no longer support terrorist activities. It has been adopted primarily as a response to the September 11, 2001 attacks on the United States. Since 2001, terrorist motivated attacks upon service members have occurred in Arkansas and Texas.",
"title": "Military history of the United States"
}
],
"question": "When did the nation that seized the country where Al-Berka is located from the empire that declined following the Crimean War join the Allies in WW2?",
"question_decomposition": [
{
"answer": "Libya",
"id": 339729,
"paragraph_support_idx": 14,
"question": "Al-Berka >> country"
},
{
"answer": "the Ottoman Empire",
"id": 22831,
"paragraph_support_idx": 11,
"question": "What empire declined after the Crimean War?"
},
{
"answer": "Italy",
"id": 51791,
"paragraph_support_idx": 10,
"question": "which european state seized #1 from #2 in 1911"
},
{
"answer": "September 1943",
"id": 54140,
"paragraph_support_idx": 12,
"question": "when did #3 join the allies in ww2"
}
]
} |
4hop1__46253_22372_375457_49140 | What was the 2018 population of the host country for the 1920 Summer Olympics, that featured the nation formerly housing the organization that gave Britain the right to rule Palestine? | 11,420,163 | [
"11,420,163"
] | {
"answer": "11,420,163",
"answer_aliases": [],
"answerable": true,
"id": "4hop1__46253_22372_375457_49140",
"paragraphs": [
{
"idx": 0,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Josef Sucharda (18 April 1883 – 19 January 1963) was a Czech sports shooter. He competed at the 1920 Summer Olympics and the 1924 Summer Olympics.",
"title": "Josef Sucharda"
},
{
"idx": 1,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Most independent countries enacted women's suffrage in the interwar era, including Canada in 1917, Britain (over 30 in 1918, over 21 in 1928), Germany, Poland in 1918, Austria and the Netherlands in 1919, and the United States in 1920 (Voting Rights Act of 1965 secured voting rights for racial minorities). Leslie Hume argues that the First World War changed the popular mood:",
"title": "Women's suffrage"
},
{
"idx": 2,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Karel Meijer (June 26, 1884 in Amsterdam – December 29, 1967 in Amstelveen) was a Dutch water polo player who competed in the 1908 Summer Olympics and in the 1920 Summer Olympics.",
"title": "Karel Meijer"
},
{
"idx": 3,
"is_supporting": true,
"paragraph_text": "The document was based on the principles contained in Article 22 of the draft Covenant of the League of Nations and the San Remo Resolution of 25 April 1920 by the principal Allied and associated powers after the First World War. The mandate formalised British rule in the southern part of Ottoman Syria from 1923 -- 1948.",
"title": "Mandate for Palestine"
},
{
"idx": 4,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Stanley Howard Shoveller (2 September 1881 – 24 February 1959) was a field hockey player, who won a gold medal with the England team at the 1908 Summer Olympics in London. Twelve years later, when Antwerp hosted the 1920 Summer Olympics, he once again captured the gold medal with the Great Britain and Ireland squad, at age 39.",
"title": "Stanley Shoveller"
},
{
"idx": 5,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Ice hockey tournaments have been staged at the Olympic Games since 1920. The men's tournament was introduced at the 1920 Summer Olympics and was transferred permanently to the Winter Olympic Games program in 1924, in France. The women's tournament was first held at the 1998 Winter Olympics.",
"title": "Ice hockey at the Olympic Games"
},
{
"idx": 6,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Yury Nikandrov (22 November 1923 – 21 December 2018) was a Russian sport shooter who competed in the 1952 Summer Olympics, in the 1956 Summer Olympics, and in the 1960 Summer Olympics.",
"title": "Yury Nikandrov"
},
{
"idx": 7,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "The Jewish Legion, a group primarily of Zionist volunteers, assisted, in 1918, in the British conquest of Palestine. Arab opposition to British rule and Jewish immigration led to the 1920 Palestine riots and the formation of a Jewish militia known as the Haganah (meaning \"The Defense\" in Hebrew), from which the Irgun and Lehi, or Stern Gang, paramilitary groups later split off. In 1922, the League of Nations granted Britain a mandate over Palestine under terms which included the Balfour Declaration with its promise to the Jews, and with similar provisions regarding the Arab Palestinians. The population of the area at this time was predominantly Arab and Muslim, with Jews accounting for about 11%, and Arab Christians at about 9.5% of the population.",
"title": "Israel"
},
{
"idx": 8,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "William Peacock (6 December 1891 – 14 December 1948) was a Scottish water polo player who competed in the 1920 Summer Olympics for Great Britain.",
"title": "William Peacock (water polo)"
},
{
"idx": 9,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Sidney Cross (5 January 1891 – 7 October 1964) was a British gymnast who competed in the 1912 Summer Olympics and in the 1920 Summer Olympics.",
"title": "Sidney Cross"
},
{
"idx": 10,
"is_supporting": true,
"paragraph_text": "Switzerland competed at the 1920 Summer Olympics in Antwerp, Belgium. 77 competitors, all men, took part in 45 events in 13 sports.",
"title": "Switzerland at the 1920 Summer Olympics"
},
{
"idx": 11,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "André Regaud (14 February 1868 – 12 January 1945) was a French shooter who competed at the 1908 Summer Olympics, the 1912 Summer Olympics and the 1920 Summer Olympics.",
"title": "André Regaud"
},
{
"idx": 12,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "James Marshall McEachern (June 2, 1881 – April 26, 1969) was an American track and field athlete who competed in the 1920 Summer Olympics and in the 1924 Summer Olympics.",
"title": "James McEachern"
},
{
"idx": 13,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Louis Diercxsens (28 September 1898 – 21 April 1992) was a Belgian field hockey player who competed in the 1920 Summer Olympics and in the 1928 Summer Olympics.",
"title": "Louis Diercxsens"
},
{
"idx": 14,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Bohumil Rameš (4 March 1895 – 1974) was a Czech cyclist. He competed for Bohemia at the 1912 Summer Olympics and for Czechoslovakia at the 1920 Summer Olympics.",
"title": "Bohumil Rameš"
},
{
"idx": 15,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "The United States gave women equal voting rights in all states with the Nineteenth Amendment ratified in 1920. Canada and a few Latin American nations passed women's suffrage before World War II while the vast majority of Latin American nations established women's suffrage in the 1940s (see table in Summary below). The last Latin American country to give women the right to vote was Paraguay in 1961.",
"title": "Women's suffrage"
},
{
"idx": 16,
"is_supporting": true,
"paragraph_text": "A large number of international institutions have their seats in Switzerland, in part because of its policy of neutrality. Geneva is the birthplace of the Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement and the Geneva Conventions and, since 2006, hosts the United Nations Human Rights Council. Even though Switzerland is one of the most recent countries to have joined the United Nations, the Palace of Nations in Geneva is the second biggest centre for the United Nations after New York, and Switzerland was a founding member and home to the League of Nations.",
"title": "Switzerland"
},
{
"idx": 17,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Born in Madras, India, on 14 September 1878, Ronald Bruce Campbell was educated at Bedford School and at the University of Edinburgh. He served in the British Army during the Second Boer War, between 1900 and 1901, and during the First World War, between 1914 and 1918, and was promoted to the rank of Colonel in the Gordon Highlanders in 1922. He competed in fencing for Great Britain in the 1920 Summer Olympics, and was Great Britain sabre champion.",
"title": "Ronald Bruce Campbell"
},
{
"idx": 18,
"is_supporting": true,
"paragraph_text": "Kingdom of Belgium Koninkrijk België (Dutch) Royaume de Belgique (French) Königreich Belgien (German) Flag Coat of arms Motto: ``Eendracht maakt macht ''(Dutch)`` L'union fait la force'' (French) ``Einigkeit macht stark ''(German)`` Unity makes Strength'' Anthem: ``La Brabançonne ''`` The Brabantian'' Location of Belgium (dark green) -- in Europe (green & dark grey) -- in the European Union (green) Capital and largest city Brussels 50 ° 51 ′ N 4 ° 21 ′ E / 50.850 ° N 4.350 ° E / 50.850; 4.350 Official languages Dutch French German Ethnic groups see Demographics Religion (2015) 60.7% Christianity 32.0% No religion 5.2% Islam 2.1% Other religions Demonym Belgian Government Federal parliamentary constitutional monarchy Monarch Philippe Prime Minister Charles Michel Legislature Federal Parliament Upper house Senate Lower house Chamber of Representatives Independence (from the Netherlands) Declared 4 October 1830 Recognised 19 April 1839 Area Total 30,528 km (11,787 sq mi) (136th) Water (%) 6.4 Population 1 August 2018 census 11,420,163 (79th) Density 374.2 / km (969.2 / sq mi) (36th) GDP (PPP) 2018 estimate Total $550.664 billion (38th) Per capita $48,258 (20th) GDP (nominal) 2016 estimate Total $562.229 billion (23rd) Per capita $49,272 (17th) Gini (2011) 26.3 low HDI (2017) 0.916 very high 17th Currency Euro (€) (EUR) Time zone UTC + 1 (CET) Summer (DST) UTC + 2 (CEST) Driving side right Calling code + 32 ISO 3166 code BE Internet TLD. be The flag's official proportions of 13: 15 are rarely seen; proportions of 2: 3 or similar are more common. The Brussels region is the de facto capital, but the City of Brussels municipality is the de jure capital. The. eu domain is also used, as it is shared with other European Union member states.",
"title": "Belgium"
},
{
"idx": 19,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Great Britain at the Olympics Flag of the United Kingdom IOC code GBR NOC British Olympic Association Medals Gold 274 Silver 299 Bronze 307 Total 880 Summer appearances 1896 1900 1904 1908 1912 1920 1924 1928 1932 1936 1948 1952 1956 1960 1964 1968 1972 1976 1980 1984 1988 1992 2000 2008 2012 2016 Winter appearances 1924 1928 1932 1936 1948 1952 1956 1960 1964 1968 1972 1976 1980 1984 1988 1992 1994 1998 2002 2006 2014 2018 Other related appearances 1906 Intercalated Games Ireland (1924 -- present)",
"title": "Great Britain at the Olympics"
}
],
"question": "What was the 2018 population of the host country for the 1920 Summer Olympics, that featured the nation formerly housing the organization that gave Britain the right to rule Palestine?",
"question_decomposition": [
{
"answer": "the League of Nations",
"id": 46253,
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"question": "who gave britain the right to rule palestine"
},
{
"answer": "Switzerland",
"id": 22372,
"paragraph_support_idx": 16,
"question": "Where is #1 located?"
},
{
"answer": "Belgium",
"id": 375457,
"paragraph_support_idx": 10,
"question": "#2 at the 1920 Summer Olympics >> country"
},
{
"answer": "11,420,163",
"id": 49140,
"paragraph_support_idx": 18,
"question": "what is the population of #3 in 2018"
}
]
} |
2hop__540924_3814 | When did the Olympic torch arrive in the city where the Ryugyong Hotel is located? | April 28 | [
"April 28"
] | {
"answer": "April 28",
"answer_aliases": [],
"answerable": true,
"id": "2hop__540924_3814",
"paragraphs": [
{
"idx": 0,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "The Ritz - Carlton Hotel Company, LLC is an American company that operates the luxury hotel chain known as The Ritz - Carlton. The company has 91 luxury hotels and resorts in 30 countries and territories.",
"title": "The Ritz-Carlton Hotel Company"
},
{
"idx": 1,
"is_supporting": true,
"paragraph_text": "North Korea: The event was held in Pyongyang on April 28. It was the first time that the Olympic torch has traveled to North Korea. A crowd of thousands waving pink paper flowers and small flags with the Beijing Olympics logo were organized by the authoritarian regime watched the beginning of the relay in Pyongyang, some waving Chinese flags. The event was presided over by the head of the country's parliament, Kim Yong Nam. The North, an ally of China, has been critical of disruptions to the torch relay elsewhere and has supported Beijing in its actions against protests in Tibet. Kim passed the torch to the first runner Pak Du Ik, who played on North Korea's 1966 World Cup soccer team, as he began the 19-kilometre route through Pyongyang. The relay began from the large sculpted flame of the obelisk of the Juche Tower, which commemorates the national ideology of Juche, or \"self-reliance\", created by the country's late founding President Kim Il Sung, father of leader Kim Jong Il, who did not attend.",
"title": "2008 Summer Olympics torch relay"
},
{
"idx": 2,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Some advocates for Tibet, Darfur, and the spiritual practice Falun Gong, planned to protest the April 9 arrival of the torch in San Francisco. China had already requested the torch route in San Francisco be shortened. On April 7, 2008, two days prior to the actual torch relay, three activists carrying Tibetan flags scaled the suspension cables of the Golden Gate Bridge to unfurl two banners, one saying \"One World, One Dream. Free Tibet\", and the other, \"Free Tibet '08\". Among them was San Francisco resident Laurel Sutherlin, who spoke to the local TV station KPIX-CBS5 live from a cellphone, urging the International Olympic Committee to ask China not to allow the torch to go through Tibet. \"Sutherlin said he was worried that the torch's planned route through Tibet would lead to more arrests and Chinese officials would use force to stifle dissent.\" The three activists and five supporters face charges related to trespassing, conspiracy and causing a public nuisance.",
"title": "2008 Summer Olympics torch relay"
},
{
"idx": 3,
"is_supporting": true,
"paragraph_text": "The Ryugyong Hotel (; sometimes spelled as Ryu-Gyong Hotel), or Yu-Kyung Hotel, is an unfinished 105-story, pyramid-shaped skyscraper in Pyongyang, North Korea. Its name (\"capital of willows\") is also one of the historical names for Pyongyang. The building is also known as the 105 Building, a reference to its number of floors. The building has been planned as a mixed-use development, which would include a hotel. The building is currently listed by Guinness World Records as being the tallest unoccupied building in the world.",
"title": "Ryugyong Hotel"
},
{
"idx": 4,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "At his hotel home, hotel owner Gérard (Marcel Dalio) (known as ``Frenchy ''to English speakers) urges Harry to help the French Resistance by smuggling some people off the island. Harry steadfastly refuses, choosing to keep aloof from the current political situation. Also at the hotel, he meets Marie (`` Slim'') Browning (Lauren Bacall), a young American wanderer who has recently arrived in Martinique. An accomplished singer, she sings ``How Little We Know ''with pianist Cricket (Hoagy Carmichael) in the hotel bar.",
"title": "To Have and Have Not (film)"
},
{
"idx": 5,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Vietnam: The event was held in Ho Chi Minh City on April 29. Some 60 torchbearers carried the torch from the downtown Opera House to the Military Zone 7 Competition Hall stadium near Tan Son Nhat International Airport along an undisclosed route. Vietnam is involved in a territorial dispute with China (and other countries) for sovereignty of the Spratly and Paracel Islands; tensions have risen recently[when?] following reports that the Chinese government had established a county-level city named Sansha in the disputed territories, resulting in anti-Chinese demonstrations in December 2007 in Hanoi and Ho Chi Minh City. However to sustain its relationship with China the Vietnamese government has actively sought to head off protests during the torch relay, with Prime Minister Nguyễn Tấn Dũng warning government agencies that \"hostile forces\" may try to disrupt the torch relay.",
"title": "2008 Summer Olympics torch relay"
},
{
"idx": 6,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Accord Metropolitan is a five-star hotel in Chennai, India. Located on G.N. Chetty Road in T.Nagar, the hotel was initially opened as Trader's Hotel. The hotel was built at a cost of 1,00crores.",
"title": "Accord Metropolitan"
},
{
"idx": 7,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "In 1949, the Territory and the Territory of New Guinea were established in an administrative union by the name of the Territory of Papua and New Guinea. That administrative union was renamed as Papua New Guinea in 1971. Notwithstanding that it was part of an administrative union, the Territory of Papua at all times retained a distinct legal status and identity; it was a Possession of the Crown whereas the Territory of New Guinea was initially a League of Nations mandate territory and subsequently a United Nations trust territory. This important legal and political distinction remained until the advent of the Independent State of Papua New Guinea in 1975.",
"title": "Territory of Papua"
},
{
"idx": 8,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "On April 1, 2008, the San Francisco Board of Supervisors approved a resolution addressing human rights concerns when the Beijing Olympic torch arrives in San Francisco on April 9. The resolution would welcome the torch with \"alarm and protest at the failure of China to meet its past solemn promises to the international community, including the citizens of San Francisco, to cease the egregious and ongoing human rights abuses in China and occupied Tibet.\" On April 8, numerous protests were planned including one at the city's United Nations Plaza led by actor Richard Gere and Archbishop Desmond Tutu.",
"title": "2008 Summer Olympics torch relay"
},
{
"idx": 9,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "The tourist industry is heavily based on the promotion of Napoleon's imprisonment. A golf course also exists and the possibility for sportfishing tourism is great. Three hotels operate on the island but the arrival of tourists is directly linked to the arrival and departure schedule of the RMS St Helena. Some 3,200 short-term visitors arrived on the island in 2013.",
"title": "Saint Helena"
},
{
"idx": 10,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Kazakhstan: The first torchbearer in Almaty, where the Olympic torch arrived for the first time ever on April 2, was the President of Kazakhstan Nursultan Nazarbaev. The route ran 20 km from Medeo stadium to Astana Square. There were reports that Uighur activists were arrested and some were deported back to China.",
"title": "2008 Summer Olympics torch relay"
},
{
"idx": 11,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Wadi Musa (, literally \"Valley of Moses\") is a town located in the Ma'an Governorate in southern Jordan. It is the administrative center of the Petra Department and the nearest town to the archaeological site of Petra. It hosts many hotels and restaurants for tourists, and there is an important Bedouin settlement approximately from the town.",
"title": "Wadi Musa"
},
{
"idx": 12,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "After being lit at the birthplace of the Olympic Games in Olympia, Greece on March 24, the torch traveled to the Panathinaiko Stadium in Athens, and then to Beijing, arriving on March 31. From Beijing, the torch was following a route passing through six continents. The torch has visited cities along the Silk Road, symbolizing ancient links between China and the rest of the world. The relay also included an ascent with the flame to the top of Mount Everest on the border of Nepal and Tibet, China from the Chinese side, which was closed specially for the event.",
"title": "2008 Summer Olympics torch relay"
},
{
"idx": 13,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Visa requirements for Canadian citizens are administrative entry restrictions by the authorities of other states placed on citizens of Canada. As of 1 January 2018, Canadian citizens had visa - free or visa on arrival access to 172 countries and territories, ranking the Canadian passport 6th in terms of travel freedom according to the Henley Passport Index.",
"title": "Visa requirements for Canadian citizens"
},
{
"idx": 14,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Khabarovsky District () is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the seventeen in Khabarovsk Krai, Russia. It consists of two unconnected segments separated by the territory of Amursky District, which are located in the southwest of the krai. The area of the district is . Its administrative center is the city of Khabarovsk (which is not administratively a part of the district). Population:",
"title": "Khabarovsky District"
},
{
"idx": 15,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Bogotá (/ ˈboʊɡətɑː /, / ˌbɒɡəˈtɑː /, / ˌboʊ - /; Spanish pronunciation: (boɣoˈta) (listen)), officially Bogotá, Distrito Capital, abbreviated Bogotá, D.C., and formerly known as Santafé de Bogotá between 1991 and 2000, is the capital and largest city of Colombia, administered as the Capital District, although often thought of as part of Cundinamarca. Bogotá is a territorial entity of the first order, with the same administrative status as the departments of Colombia. It is the political, economic, administrative, industrial, artistic, cultural, and sports center of the country.",
"title": "Bogotá"
},
{
"idx": 16,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Potonggang-guyok is one of the 19 districts, or guyok, of Pyongyang, North Korea. It is most famous as the location of the Ryugyong Hotel. It is named after the Pothong River (literally \"the simple river\"), which serves as the district's border on all sides. It is bordered to the north by Hyongjesan-guyok, to the east by Sosong and Moranbong-guyoks, to the south by Pyongchon and Chung-guyoks, and to the west by Mangyongdae-guyok. The district was established by the Pyongyang City People's Committee in October 1960.",
"title": "Potonggang-guyok"
},
{
"idx": 17,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Biysky District () is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the fifty-nine in Altai Krai, Russia. It is located in the east of the krai and borders with Zonalny, Tselinny, Soltonsky, Krasnogorsky, Sovetsky, and Smolensky Districts, as well as with the territory of the City of Biysk. The area of the district is . Its administrative center is the city of Biysk (which is not administratively a part of the district). District's population:",
"title": "Biysky District"
},
{
"idx": 18,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Visa requirements for Thai citizens are administrative entry restrictions imposed on citizens of Thailand by the authorities of other states. As of February 2018, Thai citizens had visa - free or visa on arrival access to 75 countries and territories, ranking the Thai passport 65th in terms of travel freedom according to the Henley Passport Index.",
"title": "Visa requirements for Thai citizens"
},
{
"idx": 19,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "The Scottish traveler James Bruce reported in 1770 that Medri Bahri was a distinct political entity from Abyssinia, noting that the two territories were frequently in conflict. The Bahre-Nagassi (\"Kings of the Sea\") alternately fought with or against the Abyssinians and the neighbouring Muslim Adal Sultanate depending on the geopolitical circumstances. Medri Bahri was thus part of the Christian resistance against Imam Ahmad ibn Ibrahim al-Ghazi of Adal's forces, but later joined the Adalite states and the Ottoman Empire front against Abyssinia in 1572. That 16th century also marked the arrival of the Ottomans, who began making inroads in the Red Sea area.",
"title": "Eritrea"
}
],
"question": "When did the Olympic torch arrive in the city where the Ryugyong Hotel is located?",
"question_decomposition": [
{
"answer": "Pyongyang",
"id": 540924,
"paragraph_support_idx": 3,
"question": "Ryugyong Hotel >> located in the administrative territorial entity"
},
{
"answer": "April 28",
"id": 3814,
"paragraph_support_idx": 1,
"question": "When did the torch arrive in #1 ?"
}
]
} |
2hop__149856_432788 | Who is a cast member on the show Aidan Foster is from? | Tim Phillipps | [
"Tim Phillipps"
] | {
"answer": "Tim Phillipps",
"answer_aliases": [],
"answerable": true,
"id": "2hop__149856_432788",
"paragraphs": [
{
"idx": 0,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Elizabeth ``Liz ''Foster Brooks is an original character to The Young and the Restless; she was known for her marriages to William Foster and Stuart Brooks and was one of the show's two original matriarchs. She was portrayed by actress Julianna McCarthy on and off for 37 years until her death onscreen on June 18, 2010. Until her initial departure in 1985, McCarthy was the show's longest running cast member although she had n't been on contract in some time.",
"title": "List of The Young and the Restless characters (1970s)"
},
{
"idx": 1,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Six years later, Carrie runs into Aidan in Abu Dhabi at a market. Aidan is there to buy some samples for his furniture company. They resolve to meet for dinner to catch up. It's revealed that Aidan has married Kathy, a fellow furniture designer and has three sons: Homer, Wyatt, and Tate. In a moment of passion, they kiss. Carrie stops herself and runs away. After this, Aidan is not seen again.",
"title": "List of Sex and the City characters"
},
{
"idx": 2,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Kenneth Joseph ``Ken ''Marino (born December 19, 1968) is an American actor, comedian, director, and screenwriter. He was a cast member on MTV's The State and has starred in shows such as Party Down, Marry Me, Burning Love, Brooklyn Nine - Nine and Childrens Hospital.",
"title": "Ken Marino"
},
{
"idx": 3,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Muss 'Em Up is a 1936 American detective drama film directed by Charles Vidor from a screenplay by Erwin Gelsey. RKO Radio pictures premiered the film in New York City on February 1, 1936, with a nationwide opening on February 14. The film stars Preston Foster and Margaret Callahan, with a supporting cast which includes Alan Mowbray, Ralph Morgan, Big Boy Williams, and Maxie Rosenbloom.",
"title": "Muss 'Em Up"
},
{
"idx": 4,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Among the famous Swedish comedians in the show, there were David Hellenius, Peter Magnusson and Christine Meltzer, stars from the prior Friday entertainment Hey Baberiba. Other cast members included Josephine Bornebusch, Mackan Edlund, Ulrika Kjällander, Ulf Kvensler and Andreas Nilsson. Kvensler hosted the in-show show \"Senaste Nytt\" (Latest News), which is similar to SNL:s \"Weekend Update\".",
"title": "Fredag hela veckan"
},
{
"idx": 5,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "This is All: The Pillow Book of Cordelia Kenn is a young adult novel by Aidan Chambers, published in 2005.",
"title": "This Is All: The Pillow Book of Cordelia Kenn"
},
{
"idx": 6,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Michael James McDonald (born December 31, 1964) is an American actor, director, writer, and comedian. He is best known for starring in the sketch comedy show MADtv. McDonald joined the show during the fourth season (1998) and remained in the cast until the end of the thirteenth and penultimate season, having become the longest - tenured cast member. While on the show, he developed many memorable characters. He was a contributing writer and director on MADtv.",
"title": "Michael McDonald (comedian)"
},
{
"idx": 7,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "The fourteenth series of Geordie Shore, a British television programme based in Newcastle upon Tyne, was confirmed on 31 October 2016 when cast member Scotty T announced that he would be taking a break from the series to focus on other commitments. The series was filmed in November 2016, and began airing on 28 March 2017. Ahead of the series, it was also confirmed that original cast member Holly Hagan had quit the show, following her exit in the previous series. On 28 February 2017, it was announced that eight new cast members had joined for this series. Zahida Allen, Chelsea Barber, Sam Bentham, Sarah Goodhart, Abbie Holborn, Elettra Lamborghini, Billy Phillips and Eve Shannon all appeared throughout the series hoping to become permanent members of the cast, and in the series finale, Holborn was chosen. Goodhart and Allen both previously appeared on Ex on the Beach, with the former appearing on the third series of the show as the ex-girlfriend of current Geordie Shore cast member Marty McKenna (before he joined the cast). Lamborghini has also appeared on Super Shore and participated in the fifth season of Gran Hermano VIP, the Spanish version of Celebrity Big Brother. It was also confirmed that Scott would return later in the series.",
"title": "Geordie Shore (series 14)"
},
{
"idx": 8,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "The seventh and final season of the American television drama series Scandal was ordered on February 10, 2017 by ABC. It was later announced that the seventh season will be the final season for Scandal. The season began airing on October 5, 2017, and will consist of 18 episodes, adding the total episode count of the show to 124 episodes. Cast member George Newbern was upgraded to a series regular after being a recurring cast member for the past six seasons. The season will be produced by ABC Studios, in association with ShondaLand Production Company; the showrunner being Shonda Rhimes.",
"title": "Scandal (season 7)"
},
{
"idx": 9,
"is_supporting": true,
"paragraph_text": "Aidan Foster is a fictional character from the Australian soap opera \"Neighbours\", played by Bobby Morley. Both the character and Morley's casting was announced on 19 June 2011. The actor began filming his first scenes that same week. Aidan was introduced to \"Neighbours\" as a love interest for established character Chris Pappas (James Mason). Morley revealed that Aidan's sexuality did not affect his decision in accepting the role, as it does not define him. Morley was initially contracted for six months and he stated that he was happy to stay with the soap for longer. He made his first screen appearance as Aidan during the episode broadcast on 19 August 2011. Morley took a ten-week break from \"Neighbours\" in April 2012 to appear in the feature film, \"Blinder\". He made his final appearance as Aidan on 17 January 2013.",
"title": "Aidan Foster"
},
{
"idx": 10,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Peer Augustinski (25 June 1940 – 3 October 2014) was a German actor and voice actor from Berlin. He was best known as a cast member of \"\" (English: \"Odds and Ends\"), one of the first successful comedy shows in Germany, and as the official German dub-over artist of Robin Williams. With the exception of The Peddler in \"Aladdin\", Augustinski dubbed all of Williams' film and television roles from late 1986 (starting with \"Seize the Day\") to 2004.",
"title": "Peer Augustinski"
},
{
"idx": 11,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "The show's theme song was ``Life Goes On '', written by John Bettis and George Tipton and performed by Billy Vera. For the first three seasons, the song was presented in a slower, more melancholy yet comical arrangement. The original opening titles sequence showed Harry Weston taking Dreyfuss for a walk around town, with still images of the other regular cast members shown as they were credited.",
"title": "Empty Nest"
},
{
"idx": 12,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "The show opened in the West End's Lyceum Theatre on October 19, 1999, and is still running. The cast of the West End production were invited to perform at the Royal Variety Performance in 1999 and 2008, in the presence of senior members of the British Royal Family.",
"title": "The Lion King (musical)"
},
{
"idx": 13,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Charlotte Ritchie (born 29 August 1989) is a British actress and singer - songwriter. She is a member of the classical crossover band All Angels. She has been a main cast member in Channel 4's Fresh Meat and the BBC's Siblings. From January 2015 she joined the cast of the BBC's Call the Midwife, playing Barbara Gilbert.",
"title": "Charlotte Ritchie"
},
{
"idx": 14,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "The ninth and final season of How I Met Your Mother, an American sitcom created by Carter Bays and Craig Thomas, premiered on CBS on September 23, 2013, with two episodes, and concluded on March 31, 2014. The show was renewed for the final season on December 21, 2012, after cast member Jason Segel changed his decision to leave the show after Season 8. Cristin Milioti, who was revealed as ``The Mother ''in the Season 8 finale, was promoted to a series regular, the only time How I Met Your Mother added a new regular cast member. Season 9 consists of 24 episodes, each running approximately 22 minutes in length.",
"title": "How I Met Your Mother (season 9)"
},
{
"idx": 15,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "The Rocky Horror Picture Show is a 1975 musical science - fiction horror - comedy film by 20th Century Fox produced by Lou Adler and Michael White and directed by Jim Sharman. The screenplay was written by Sharman and actor Richard O'Brien, who is also a member of the cast. The film is based on the 1973 musical stage production The Rocky Horror Show, with music, book, and lyrics by O'Brien. The production is a parody tribute to the science fiction and horror B movies of the 1930s through to the early 1970s. Along with O'Brien, the film stars Tim Curry, Susan Sarandon, and Barry Bostwick and is narrated by Charles Gray with cast members from the original Royal Court Theatre, Roxy Theatre, and Belasco Theatre productions.",
"title": "The Rocky Horror Picture Show"
},
{
"idx": 16,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Ronald Jon ``Ronnie ''Burns (July 9, 1935 -- November 14, 2007) was an American television actor. He is primarily remembered as the son of comedians George Burns and Gracie Allen and a regular cast member of The George Burns and Gracie Allen Show (1950 -- 58) on CBS.",
"title": "Ronnie Burns (actor)"
},
{
"idx": 17,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "For the first time in the show's history, many cast changes occur, seeing the first departure of two main cast members. Despite garnering several awards and nominations for the cast members and the production team, the season received a mixed response from critics and fans. Show creator Shonda Rhimes heavily contributed to the production of the season, writing five out of the seventeen episodes. The highest - rated episode was the season premiere, which was watched by 20.93 million viewers. The season was interrupted by the 2007 -- 2008 Writers Guild of America strike, which resulted in the production of only seventeen episodes, instead of twenty - three originally planned.",
"title": "Grey's Anatomy (season 4)"
},
{
"idx": 18,
"is_supporting": true,
"paragraph_text": "Daniel Robinson is a fictional character from the Australian soap opera \"Neighbours\", played by Tim Phillipps. Daniel was created in 1992 as the son of iconic \"Neighbours\" couple Scott (Jason Donovan) and Charlene (Kylie Minogue). He was occasionally referred to in the episodes since then, but never seen on-screen. At the end of 2013, it was announced that Daniel would be introduced as a new family member for Paul Robinson (Stefan Dennis). Auditions were held for the role, with producers stating that the actor would need to resemble his on-screen parents. During the casting process, Phillipps was approached for the role and, following a chemistry read with Dennis, was given the part. He had previously appeared in \"Neighbours\" in 2007. Phillipps relocated to Melbourne for filming and was initially contracted for 12 months. He made his first screen appearance during the episode broadcast on 29 April 2014. Two years later, Daniel was written out of \"Neighbours\", and he made his departure on 26 April 2016.",
"title": "Daniel Robinson (Neighbours)"
},
{
"idx": 19,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "The seventh and final season of the American television drama series Scandal was ordered on February 10, 2017 by ABC. It was later announced that the seventh season would be the final season for Scandal. The season began airing on October 5, 2017, and consisted of 18 episodes, adding the total episode count of the show to 124 episodes. Cast member George Newbern was upgraded to a series regular after being a recurring cast member for the past six seasons. The season will be produced by ABC Studios, in association with ShondaLand Production Company; the showrunner being Shonda Rhimes.",
"title": "Scandal (season 7)"
}
],
"question": "Who is a cast member on the show Aidan Foster is from?",
"question_decomposition": [
{
"answer": "Neighbours",
"id": 149856,
"paragraph_support_idx": 9,
"question": "What show is Aidan Foster from?"
},
{
"answer": "Tim Phillipps",
"id": 432788,
"paragraph_support_idx": 18,
"question": "#1 >> cast member"
}
]
} |
3hop1__145816_728452_124684 | Who is the father of the cast member of The Wall - Live in the city Thomas Brasch died? | Eric Fletcher Waters | [
"Eric Fletcher Waters"
] | {
"answer": "Eric Fletcher Waters",
"answer_aliases": [],
"answerable": true,
"id": "3hop1__145816_728452_124684",
"paragraphs": [
{
"idx": 0,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "The series centers around the life of Riley and her friends and family, particularly their school life, in which her father Cory Matthews is their history teacher. Riley shares a strong relationship with her best friend Maya Hart, who assists her in learning to cope with the social and personal issues of adolescence. Several Boy Meets World cast members reprise their roles in the series.",
"title": "List of Girl Meets World characters"
},
{
"idx": 1,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Saturday Night Live (also known as SNL) is an American late-night live television variety show created by Lorne Michaels and developed by Dick Ebersol. The show premiered on NBC on October 11, 1975, under the original title NBC's Saturday Night. The show's comedy sketches, which often parody contemporary culture and politics, are performed by a large and varying cast of repertory and newer cast members. Each episode is hosted by a celebrity guest, who usually delivers the opening monologue and performs in sketches with the cast as with featured performances by a musical guest. An episode normally begins with a cold open sketch that ends with someone breaking character and proclaiming, \"Live from New York, it's Saturday Night!\", properly beginning the show.",
"title": "Saturday Night Live"
},
{
"idx": 2,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Living Lahaina is an American reality television series on MTV. The series, filmed over a three-month period on location in Lahaina (on the island of Maui, Hawaii), focused on a group of twenty-something surf instructors and their father-figure-boss at the Royal Hawaiian Surf Academy. \"Living Lahaina\" also followed cast members throughout travels to Indonesia, California, and Kauai.",
"title": "Living Lahaina"
},
{
"idx": 3,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "\"Postcards from Buster\" centers on Buster traveling to various places around North America, usually in the United States but also in the Caribbean, Canada – and other places – with his father, who is a pilot for a group of musicians. In each episode Buster meets children in the location, who show him aspects of their family lives and local culture.",
"title": "Postcards from Buster"
},
{
"idx": 4,
"is_supporting": true,
"paragraph_text": "Waters was born on 6 September 1943, the younger of two boys, to Mary (née Whyte; 1913–2009) and Eric Fletcher Waters (1914–1944), in Great Bookham, Surrey. His father, the son of a coal miner and Labour Party activist, was a schoolteacher, a devout Christian, and a Communist Party member. In the early years of the Second World War, Waters' father was a conscientious objector who drove an ambulance during the Blitz.",
"title": "Roger Waters"
},
{
"idx": 5,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "The ninth and final season of How I Met Your Mother, an American sitcom created by Carter Bays and Craig Thomas, premiered on CBS on September 23, 2013, with two episodes, and concluded on March 31, 2014. The show was renewed for the final season on December 21, 2012, after cast member Jason Segel changed his decision to leave the show after Season 8. Cristin Milioti, who was revealed as ``The Mother ''in the Season 8 finale, was promoted to a series regular, the only time How I Met Your Mother added a new regular cast member. Season 9 consists of 24 episodes, each running approximately 22 minutes in length.",
"title": "How I Met Your Mother (season 9)"
},
{
"idx": 6,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Darrell Clayton Hammond (born October 8, 1955) is an American actor, stand-up comedian and impressionist. He was a regular cast member on \"Saturday Night Live\" from 1995 to 2009.",
"title": "Darrell Hammond"
},
{
"idx": 7,
"is_supporting": true,
"paragraph_text": "Thomas Brasch (19 February 1945 in Westow, Yorkshire - 3 November 2001 in Berlin) was a German author, poet and film director.",
"title": "Thomas Brasch"
},
{
"idx": 8,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "``Live and Let Die ''is the main theme song of the 1973 James Bond film Live and Let Die, written by Paul and Linda McCartney and performed by Paul McCartney's band Wings. It was one of the group's most successful singles, and the most successful Bond theme to that point, charting at No. 2 on the US Billboard Hot 100 and No. 9 on the UK Singles Chart.",
"title": "Live and Let Die (song)"
},
{
"idx": 9,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Thomas Nord (born 19 October 1957 in Berlin) is a German politician (DIE LINKE) and Member of the German Federal Parliament.",
"title": "Thomas Nord"
},
{
"idx": 10,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Lee had lost her mother, who suffered from mental illness, six years before she met Hohoff at Lippincott’s offices. Her father, a lawyer on whom Atticus was modeled, would die two years after the publication of To Kill a Mockingbird.",
"title": "To Kill a Mockingbird"
},
{
"idx": 11,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "The theme song ``Nobody Does It Better ''was composed by Marvin Hamlisch with lyrics by Carole Bayer Sager and was performed by Carly Simon. It was nominated for Academy Award for Best Original Song but lost to`` You Light Up My Life''. It was one of five Bond theme songs to be nominated for the Academy Award for Best Original Song. The other four were ``Live and Let Die ''in 1973,`` For Your Eyes Only'' in 1981, ``Skyfall '', and`` Writing on the Wall''. ``Skyfall ''went on to win the award in 2013 and`` Writing on the Wall'' won in 2016.",
"title": "The Spy Who Loved Me (soundtrack)"
},
{
"idx": 12,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Anne - Marie Johnson (born July 18, 1960) is an American actress and impressionist, who has starred in film and on television. She is known for her roles as Nadine Hudson Thomas on What's Happening Now!!, Aileen Lewis on Double Trouble, Althea Tibbs on In the Heat of the Night, and as a cast member on In Living Color during its final season.",
"title": "Anne-Marie Johnson"
},
{
"idx": 13,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Gentile (Gerry) Tondino (September 3, 1923 – August 29, 2001) was a Canadian educator and artist, who lived in Montreal, Quebec. He was a member of the Royal Canadian Academy of Arts. Gentile Tondino is the father of theater designer Guido Tondino, multimedia artist Tristan Tondino, and architect Lisa Tondino.",
"title": "Gentile Tondino"
},
{
"idx": 14,
"is_supporting": true,
"paragraph_text": "The Wall – Live in Berlin was a live concert performance by Roger Waters and numerous guest artists, of the Pink Floyd studio album \"The Wall\", itself largely written by Waters during his time with the band. The show was held in Berlin on 21 July 1990, to commemorate the fall of the Berlin Wall eight months earlier. A live album of the concert was released 21 August 1990. A video of the concert was also commercially released.",
"title": "The Wall – Live in Berlin"
},
{
"idx": 15,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "In addition there are two service bells, cast by Robert Mot, in 1585 and 1598 respectively, a Sanctus bell cast in 1738 by Richard Phelps and Thomas Lester and two unused bells—one cast about 1320, by the successor to R de Wymbish, and a second cast in 1742, by Thomas Lester. The two service bells and the 1320 bell, along with a fourth small silver \"dish bell\", kept in the refectory, have been noted as being of historical importance by the Church Buildings Council of the Church of England.",
"title": "Westminster Abbey"
},
{
"idx": 16,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Harriet Hemings (May 1801 – 1870) was born into slavery at Monticello, the home of Thomas Jefferson, third President of the United States, in the first year of his presidency. Some historians believe her father is Jefferson, who is believed by several historians to have fathered, with his slave Sally Hemings, four children who survived to adulthood.",
"title": "Harriet Hemings"
},
{
"idx": 17,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Presidential Reunion is an American comedy Web short directed by Ron Howard and starring \"Saturday Night Live\" cast members who parodied Presidents Ford to Obama. The skit was released onto the Funny or Die website on March 3, 2010 and received mixed to negative reviews.",
"title": "Presidential Reunion"
},
{
"idx": 18,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Joseph Bernier (August 16, 1874—June 8, 1951) was a politician in Manitoba, Canada. He served in the Legislative Assembly of Manitoba on four occasions between 1900 and 1932. Bernier was a member of the Conservative Party, and served as a cabinet minister in the government of Rodmond Roblin. His father, Thomas A. Bernier, was a member of the Senate of Canada.",
"title": "Joseph Bernier"
},
{
"idx": 19,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Thomas Ken (July 1637 – 19 March 1711) was an English cleric who was considered the most eminent of the English non-juring bishops, and one of the fathers of modern English hymnody.",
"title": "Thomas Ken"
}
],
"question": "Who is the father of the cast member of The Wall - Live in the city Thomas Brasch died?",
"question_decomposition": [
{
"answer": "Berlin",
"id": 145816,
"paragraph_support_idx": 7,
"question": "At what location did Thomas Brasch die?"
},
{
"answer": "Roger Waters",
"id": 728452,
"paragraph_support_idx": 14,
"question": "The Wall – Live in #1 >> cast member"
},
{
"answer": "Eric Fletcher Waters",
"id": 124684,
"paragraph_support_idx": 4,
"question": "The father of #2 was who?"
}
]
} |
2hop__580416_10366 | In what year did the country where Bu'ale is located become independent? | 1960 | [
"1960"
] | {
"answer": "1960",
"answer_aliases": [],
"answerable": true,
"id": "2hop__580416_10366",
"paragraphs": [
{
"idx": 0,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "\"Play Something Country\" is a song recorded by American country music duo Brooks & Dunn, co-written by Ronnie Dunn and Terry McBride. It was released in June 2005 as the first single from the duo's album \"Hillbilly Deluxe\". In September of that year, the song reached the top of the \"Billboard\" Hot Country Songs charts, becoming the twentieth and final Number One hit of the duo's career.",
"title": "Play Something Country"
},
{
"idx": 1,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "In 1922, after the Irish War of Independence and the Anglo - Irish Treaty, most of Ireland seceded from the United Kingdom to become the independent Irish Free State, which after the 1937 constitution, began to call itself Ireland. The six northeastern counties, known as Northern Ireland, remained within the United Kingdom. The Irish Civil War followed soon after the War of Independence. The history of Northern Ireland has since been dominated by sporadic sectarian conflict between (mainly Catholic) Irish nationalists and (mainly Protestant) unionists. This conflict erupted into the Troubles in the late 1960s, until peace was achieved with the Belfast Agreement thirty years later.",
"title": "History of Ireland"
},
{
"idx": 2,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Sir Solomon Hochoy GCMG GCVO OBE (20 April 1905 -- 15 November 1983) was a Trinidad and Tobago politician. He was the last British governor of Trinidad and Tobago and the first governor - general upon the country's independence in 1962. He was the first non-white governor of a British crown colony and the first ethnically Chinese and nationally Caribbean person to become governor - general in the Commonwealth.",
"title": "Solomon Hochoy"
},
{
"idx": 3,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Jubilee is a musical comedy with a book by Moss Hart and music and lyrics by Cole Porter. It premiered on Broadway in 1935 to rapturous reviews. Inspired by the recent silver jubilee of King George V of Great Britain, the story is of the royal family of a fictional European country. Several of its songs, especially \"Begin the Beguine\" and \"Just One of Those Things\", became independently popular and have become part of the American Songbook.",
"title": "Jubilee (musical)"
},
{
"idx": 4,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Chamoun was an outspoken critic of the former Syrian occupation of Lebanon. She has described her country's independence as a \"myth\". Before the Independence Day celebrations in 1990 she asked rhetorically:",
"title": "Tracy Chamoun"
},
{
"idx": 5,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Paleo - Indians migrated from Asia to the North American mainland at least 15,000 years ago. European colonization began in the 16th century. The United States emerged from 13 British colonies along the East Coast. Numerous disputes between Great Britain and the colonies following the Seven Years' War led to the American Revolution, which began in 1775, and the subsequent Declaration of Independence in 1776. The war ended in 1783 with the United States becoming the first country to attain independence from a European power. The current constitution was adopted in 1788. The first ten amendments, collectively named the Bill of Rights, were ratified in 1791 and designed to guarantee many fundamental civil liberties.",
"title": "United States"
},
{
"idx": 6,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "When Emperor Haile Selassie unilaterally dissolved the Eritrean parliament and annexed the country in 1962, the Eritrean Liberation Front (ELF) waged an armed struggle for independence. The ensuing Eritrean War for Independence went on for 30 years against successive Ethiopian governments until 1991, when the Eritrean People's Liberation Front (EPLF), a successor of the ELF, defeated the Ethiopian forces in Eritrea and helped a coalition of Ethiopian rebel forces take control of the Ethiopian Capital Addis Ababa.",
"title": "Eritrea"
},
{
"idx": 7,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "In 1820-1830’s the Ottoman Empire endured a number of strikes which challenged the existence of the country. The Greek Uprising (began in the spring of 1821) evidenced internal and military weakness of Ottoman Empire and caused severe atrocities by Ottoman military forces (see Chios massacre). The disbandment of the centuries-old Janissary corps by Sultan Mahmud II on 15 June 1826 (Auspicious Incident) was a good deed for the country in the longer term, but it has deprived the country from its army forces for the nearest future. In 1827 the allied Anglo-Franco-Russian fleet destroyed almost all the Ottoman naval forces during the Battle of Navarino. In 1830 Greece becomes an independent state after 10 years of independence war and the Russo-Turkish War of 1828–1829. According to the Treaty of Adrianople (1829) Russian and European commercial ships were authorized to freely pass through Black Sea straits, Serbia received autonomy, and Danubian Principalities (Moldavia and Walachia) became the territories under Russian protection.",
"title": "Crimean War"
},
{
"idx": 8,
"is_supporting": true,
"paragraph_text": "A referendum was held in neighboring Djibouti (then known as French Somaliland) in 1958, on the eve of Somalia's independence in 1960, to decide whether or not to join the Somali Republic or to remain with France. The referendum turned out in favour of a continued association with France, largely due to a combined yes vote by the sizable Afar ethnic group and resident Europeans. There was also widespread vote rigging, with the French expelling thousands of Somalis before the referendum reached the polls. The majority of those who voted no were Somalis who were strongly in favour of joining a united Somalia, as had been proposed by Mahmoud Harbi, Vice President of the Government Council. Harbi was killed in a plane crash two years later. Djibouti finally gained its independence from France in 1977, and Hassan Gouled Aptidon, a Somali who had campaigned for a yes vote in the referendum of 1958, eventually wound up as Djibouti's first president (1977–1991).",
"title": "Somalis"
},
{
"idx": 9,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "In September 1786, at the Annapolis Convention, delegates from five states called for a Constitutional Convention in order to discuss possible improvements to the Articles of Confederation. The subsequent Constitutional Convention took place in Philadelphia, convening in the Old Pennsylvania State House (then becoming known as Independence Hall) on May 14, 1787. Rhode Island, fearing that the Convention would work to its disadvantage, boycotted the Convention and, when the Constitution was put to the states during the next year of controversial debates, initially refused to ratify it, waiting until May 1790 to become the thirteenth, a year after the new federal government commenced.",
"title": "Constitutional Convention (United States)"
},
{
"idx": 10,
"is_supporting": true,
"paragraph_text": "Bu'ale is a town in the Middle Juba (Jubbada Dhexe) region of Somalia. It is the capital of the Jubaland State Bu'aale District and the capital of the Jubaland State region as well, situated in the southern Jubba River valley, the city is known for its farming land on the banks of the river Juba. Buale is also the capital of Middle Juba region. It is currently controlled by Islamist group Al-Shabaab in the ensuing Somali Civil War.",
"title": "Bu'ale"
},
{
"idx": 11,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Bieler Bros. Records was formed in January 2002 by brothers Aaron and Jason Bieler. The label was aligned with MCA Records before becoming independent.",
"title": "Bieler Bros. Records"
},
{
"idx": 12,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "The band was an early alt-country groundbreaker, touring widely and continuously in the US for several years, including the SXSW Music Conference three years running (1994–1996, the New Music Seminar (1995), the Northwest Independent Music Conference (1996) and NXNW (1997).",
"title": "The Shivers (Austin, Texas)"
},
{
"idx": 13,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Machel's second wife, Graça Simbine, joined Frelimo in 1973 after graduating in modern languages from Lisbon University. She worked as a teacher, first in Frelimo-held areas in Cabo Delgado province, and then at the Frelimo school in Tanzania. She became Minister for Education and Culture in newly independent Mozambique. She and Machel were married three months after Independence, in September 1975. In April 1976 a daughter, Josina, was born, and in December 1978 a son, Malengane. At Independence Machel's five older children joined Josina Machel's son Samito in the Presidential household. In 1998, twelve years after Samora Machel's death, Graça Machel married Nelson Mandela, President of South Africa, thus becoming the only woman to have been First Lady of two countries.",
"title": "Samora Machel"
},
{
"idx": 14,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "After the Estonian War of Independence in 1919, the Estonian language became the state language of the newly independent country. In 1945, 97.3% of Estonia considered itself ethnic Estonian and spoke the language.",
"title": "Estonian language"
},
{
"idx": 15,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "The Dominican Independence War gave the Dominican Republic autonomy from Haiti on February 27, 1844. Before the war, the island of Hispaniola had been united under the Haitian government for a period of 22 years when the newly independent nation, then known as the Republic of Spanish Haiti, was invaded by Haiti in 1822. Previously known as the Captaincy General of Santo Domingo, the criollo class within the country overthrew the Spanish crown in 1821 before unifying with Haiti a year later.",
"title": "Dominican War of Independence"
},
{
"idx": 16,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "The Dominican Independence War gave the Dominican Republic autonomy from Haiti on February 27, 1844. Before the war, the island of Hispaniola had been united under the Haitian government for a period of 22 years when the newly independent nation, previously known as the Captaincy General of Santo Domingo, was unified with Haiti in 1822. The criollo class within the country overthrew the Spanish crown in 1821 before unifying with Haiti a year later.",
"title": "Dominican War of Independence"
},
{
"idx": 17,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "``Just Got Started Lovin 'You ''is a song co-written and recorded by American country music artist James Otto. It was released in July 2007 as the first single from his album Sunset Man. On the Hot Country Songs chart dated for May 17, 2008, the song has also become Otto's first (and to date, his only) number - one hit. The song was also the number one song on Billboard's year - end 2008 Hot Country Songs chart.",
"title": "Just Got Started Lovin' You"
},
{
"idx": 18,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "As African states became independent in the 1960s, the Soviet Union offered many of their citizens the chance to study in Russia. Over a period of 40 years, about 400,000 African students from various countries moved to Russia to pursue higher studies, including many Black Africans. This extended beyond the Soviet Union to many countries of the Eastern bloc.",
"title": "Black people"
},
{
"idx": 19,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Milanko Petrović (; born 21 September 1988 in Sjenica) is a Serbian biathlete who participated at the 2010 Winter Olympics, becoming the first olympic biathlete for independent Serbia. At the 2014 Winter Olympics he carried Serbian flag at the opening ceremony and competed in biathlon and cross-country skiing. He represents Serbia at the Biathlon World Championships and he is a regular participant of the Biathlon World Cup and the first ever Serb to win World Cup points. Occasionally, he competes in cross-country skiing. At the 2013 Winter Universiade he made a remarkable success by winning first ever international medals for Serbia in biathlon and cross-country skiing.",
"title": "Milanko Petrović"
}
],
"question": "In what year did the country where Bu'ale is located become independent?",
"question_decomposition": [
{
"answer": "Somalia",
"id": 580416,
"paragraph_support_idx": 10,
"question": "Bu'ale >> country"
},
{
"answer": "1960",
"id": 10366,
"paragraph_support_idx": 8,
"question": "In what year did #1 become independent?"
}
]
} |
2hop__767276_77166 | How many members does the legislator of United Nations Security Council Resolution 731 have? | fifteen | [
"fifteen"
] | {
"answer": "fifteen",
"answer_aliases": [],
"answerable": true,
"id": "2hop__767276_77166",
"paragraphs": [
{
"idx": 0,
"is_supporting": true,
"paragraph_text": "The Security Council consists of fifteen members. The great powers that were the victors of World War II -- the Soviet Union (now represented by the Russian Federation), the United Kingdom, France, the Republic of China (now represented by the People's Republic of China), and the United States -- serve as the body's five permanent members. These permanent members can veto any substantive Security Council resolution, including those on the admission of new member states or candidates for Secretary - General. The Security Council also has 10 non-permanent members, elected on a regional basis to serve two - year terms. The body's presidency rotates monthly among its members.",
"title": "United Nations Security Council"
},
{
"idx": 1,
"is_supporting": true,
"paragraph_text": "UN Security Council Resolution 731, adopted unanimously on 21 January 1992, after recalling resolutions 286 (1970) and 635 (1989) which condemned acts of terrorism, the Council expressed its concern over the results of investigations into the destruction of Pan Am Flight 103 over Lockerbie, Scotland, and UTA Flight 772 over Chad and Niger which implicated officials from the Government of Libya.",
"title": "United Nations Security Council Resolution 731"
},
{
"idx": 2,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "The United Nations Security Council ``veto power ''refers to the power of the permanent members of the United Nations Security Council to veto any`` substantive'' resolution. A permanent member's abstention or absence does not prevent a draft resolution from being adopted. However, the veto power does not apply to ``procedural ''votes, as determined by the permanent members themselves. A permanent member can also block the selection of a Secretary - General, although a formal veto is unnecessary since the vote is taken behind closed doors.",
"title": "United Nations Security Council veto power"
},
{
"idx": 3,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "United Nations Security Council Resolution 9, adopted on October 15, 1946, determined that a nation that was not a member of the International Court of Justice (ICJ) could voluntarily bring a case before the ICJ so long as that nation committed to abiding by the Court's ruling. It was adopted unanimously by the Council.",
"title": "United Nations Security Council Resolution 9"
},
{
"idx": 4,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "United Nations Security Council resolution 1520, adopted unanimously on 22 December 2003, after considering a report by the Secretary-General Kofi Annan regarding the United Nations Disengagement Observer Force (UNDOF) and reaffirming Resolution 1308 (2000), the Council extended its mandate for a further six months until 30 June 2004.",
"title": "United Nations Security Council Resolution 1520"
},
{
"idx": 5,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "United Nations Security Council resolution 1235, adopted unanimously on 30 April 1999, after reaffirming all previous resolutions on the question of the Western Sahara, the Council extended the mandate of the United Nations Mission for the Referendum in Western Sahara (MINURSO) for a further two weeks until 14 May 1999.",
"title": "United Nations Security Council Resolution 1235"
},
{
"idx": 6,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "United Nations Security Council resolution 704, adopted without a vote on 9 August 1991, after examining the application of the Marshall Islands for membership in the United Nations, the Council recommended to the General Assembly that the Marshall Islands be admitted.",
"title": "United Nations Security Council Resolution 704"
},
{
"idx": 7,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "United Nations Security Council resolution 644, adopted unanimously on 7 November 1989, after recalling Resolution 637 (1989), the Council endorsed the report by the Secretary-General and decided to establish the United Nations Observer Group in Central America (ONUCA) in accordance with the report.",
"title": "United Nations Security Council Resolution 644"
},
{
"idx": 8,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "UN Security Council Resolution 1835 was adopted unanimously by United Nations Security Council on 27 September 2008. The resolution was in response to the 15 September report of the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) that stated that Iran had not suspended uranium-enrichment-related activities. The resolution reaffirmed four previous Security Council resolutions: 1696 (2006), 1737 (2006), 1747 (2007), and 1803 (2008).",
"title": "United Nations Security Council Resolution 1835"
},
{
"idx": 9,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "The Marshall Islands was admitted to the United Nations based on the Security Council's recommendation on August 9, 1991, in Resolution 704 and the General Assembly's approval on September 17, 1991, in Resolution 46/3. In international politics within the United Nations, the Marshall Islands has often voted consistently with the United States with respect to General Assembly resolutions.",
"title": "Marshall Islands"
},
{
"idx": 10,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "The United Nations Security Council ``power of veto ''refers to the veto power wielded solely by the five permanent members of the United Nations Security Council (China, France, Russia, United Kingdom, and United States), enabling them to prevent the adoption of any`` substantive'' resolution. Abstention or absence from the vote by a permanent member does not prevent a draft resolution from being adopted. However, the veto power does not apply to ``procedural ''votes, as determined by the permanent members themselves. The permanent members can vote against a`` procedural'' draft resolution without blocking its adoption by the Council. A negative vote by a permanent member will also block the selection of a Secretary - General, although this is a ``recommendation ''to the General Assembly rather than a Resolution. The unconditional veto posessed by the five governments has been seen by critics as the most undemocratic character of the UN. Critics also claim that veto power is the main cause for international inaction on war crimes and crimes against humanity. However, the United States refused to join the United Nations unless it was given a veto. The absence of the United States from the League of Nations contributed to its ineffectiveness.",
"title": "United Nations Security Council veto power"
},
{
"idx": 11,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "After a United Nations Security Council resolution was vetoed by the U.S. three days earlier, Palestinian UN Ambassador Riyad Mansour said that the General Assembly would vote on a draft resolution calling for Trump’s declaration to be withdrawn. He sought to invoke Resolution 377, known as the \"Uniting for Peace\" resolution, to circumvent a veto. The resolution states that the General Assembly can call an Emergency Special Session to consider a matter \"with a view to making appropriate recommendations to members for collective measures\" if the Security Council fails to act.",
"title": "United Nations General Assembly resolution ES-10/L.22"
},
{
"idx": 12,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "United Nations Security Council resolution 769, adopted unanimously on 7 August 1992, after reaffirming Resolution 743 (1992) and all subsequent resolutions relating to the United Nations Protection Force (UNPROFOR), the Council authorised enlargements in the strength and mandate of UNPROFOR to \"enable the Force to control the entry of civilians into the United Nations Protected Areas\", in addition to performing immigration and customs functions.",
"title": "United Nations Security Council Resolution 769"
},
{
"idx": 13,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "United Nations Security Council Resolution 528, adopted on December 21, 1982, after the General Assembly passed Resolution 3190 extolling the virtues of expanded working languages, the Council decided to include Arabic among the working languages of the Security Council.",
"title": "United Nations Security Council Resolution 528"
},
{
"idx": 14,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "United Nations Security Council resolution 129, adopted unanimously on August 7, 1958, called an emergency special session of the General Assembly. The resolution states that this was as a result of the lack of unanimity of its permanent members at the council's 834th and 837th meetings which prevented it from exercising its primary responsibility for the maintenance of international peace and security.",
"title": "United Nations Security Council Resolution 129"
},
{
"idx": 15,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "United Nations Security Council resolution 1425, adopted unanimously on 22 July 2002, after recalling resolutions on the situation in Somalia, particularly resolutions 733 (1992) and 1407 (2002), the Council established a panel of experts to investigate violations of the arms embargo against the country.",
"title": "United Nations Security Council Resolution 1425"
},
{
"idx": 16,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "United Nations Security Council resolution 1294, adopted unanimously on 13 April 2000, after reaffirming Resolution 696 (1991) and all subsequent resolutions on Angola, particularly Resolution 1268 (1999), the Council extended the mandate of the United Nations Office in Angola (UNOA) until 15 October 2000.",
"title": "United Nations Security Council Resolution 1294"
},
{
"idx": 17,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "As of July 2011, there are currently 193 members of the United Nations and five permanent members of the Security Council. The other ten seats are assigned amongst the remaining 188 members. As a result, many members have never been on the Security Council. The following list is a summary of all countries, currently 68 modern nations and three historical ones, that have never been a member of the United Nations Security Council. The three historical UN members listed are Tanganyika, Zanzibar, and the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia.",
"title": "List of members of the United Nations Security Council"
},
{
"idx": 18,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "United Nations Security Council resolution 835, adopted unanimously on 2 June 1993, after recalling resolutions 668 (1990), 745 (1992), 810 (1993), 826 (1993) and other relevant resolutions, the Council expressed appreciation for the United Nations Transitional Authority in Cambodia (UNTAC) in the aftermath of recent elections in Cambodia.",
"title": "United Nations Security Council Resolution 835"
},
{
"idx": 19,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "United Nations Security Council resolution 829, adopted without a vote on 26 May 1993, after examining the application of the Principality of Monaco for membership in the United Nations, the Council recommended to the General Assembly that Monaco be admitted.",
"title": "United Nations Security Council Resolution 829"
}
],
"question": "How many members does the legislator of United Nations Security Council Resolution 731 have?",
"question_decomposition": [
{
"answer": "UN Security Council",
"id": 767276,
"paragraph_support_idx": 1,
"question": "United Nations Security Council Resolution 731 >> legislated by"
},
{
"answer": "fifteen",
"id": 77166,
"paragraph_support_idx": 0,
"question": "how many members does #1 have"
}
]
} |
4hop1__122303_539917_832557_5583 | What was the benefit of the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk to the country who has a Chinese Embassy in their city which also contains the alma mater of Sergei Vronsky? | peace in World War I | [
"peace in World War I",
"World War I",
"World War"
] | {
"answer": "peace in World War I",
"answer_aliases": [
"World War I",
"World War"
],
"answerable": true,
"id": "4hop1__122303_539917_832557_5583",
"paragraphs": [
{
"idx": 0,
"is_supporting": true,
"paragraph_text": "Sergei Arkadevich Vronsky (, 3 September 1923 in Rostov-on-Don – June 21, 2003) was a Soviet and Russian cinematographer. Sergei Vronsky graduated from the Gerasimov Institute of Cinematography in 1953 and worked with Ivan Pyryev and Georgi Daneliya. He received USSR State Prize in 1981 for the film \"Autumn Marathon\".",
"title": "Sergei Vronsky"
},
{
"idx": 1,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Treaty of Aynalıkavak was a treaty between Ottoman Empire and Russian Empire signed on March 10, 1779. The formal name is Aynalıkavak bond of arbitration (). Aynalıkavak is a palace in Istanbul where the treaty was signed.",
"title": "Treaty of Aynalıkavak"
},
{
"idx": 2,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "The Treaty of Nöteborg, also known as the \"Treaty of Oreshek\" (, Russian: \"Ореховецкий мир,\" ), is a conventional name for the peace treaty signed at Orekhovets (, ) on 12 August 1323. It was the first settlement between Sweden and the Novgorod Republic regulating their border. Three years later, Novgorod signed the Treaty of Novgorod with the Norwegians.",
"title": "Treaty of Nöteborg"
},
{
"idx": 3,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Dalian University of Technology (DUT) (), colloquially known in Chinese as Dàgōng (大工), is a public research university located in Dalian (main campus) and Panjin in Liaoning province, China. Formerly called the Dalian Institute of Technology, DUT is renowned as one of the Big Four Institutes of Technology in China. It is a Chinese Ministry of Education Class A Double First Class University, and one of the national key universities administered directly under the Ministry of Education.",
"title": "Dalian University of Technology"
},
{
"idx": 4,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Sign a commercial treaty in due courseThe first installment of indemnity was to be paid immediately, the second installment within the first 100 days from signing of the treaty, and the rest within two years. Until the second installment was paid, the British would not leave Yangon.The Treaty of Yandabo was signed by General Campbell from the British side and Governor of Legaing Maha Min Hla Kyaw Htin from the Burmese side on 24 February 1826. The Burmese paid 250,000 pounds sterling in gold and silver bullion as the first installment of the indemnity, and also released British prisoners of war. The war was thus brought to an end, and the British army moved south. The British army remained in the territories surrendered to it under the treaty and in the territories such as the Rangoon area which were occupied for several years in the guarantee of the financial terms of the treaty.",
"title": "First Anglo-Burmese War"
},
{
"idx": 5,
"is_supporting": true,
"paragraph_text": "Narliev graduated from Moscow's Gerasimov Institute of Cinematography (VGIK) in 1960. His first film of note was working with director Bulat Mansurov on \"The Competition\" in 1963, a notable film in the development of Turkmen national cinema.",
"title": "Khodzhakuli Narliev"
},
{
"idx": 6,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "The University of Montenegro Faculty of Fine Arts (Montenegrin: Fakultet Likovnih Umjetnosti Univerziteta Crne Gore \"Факултет Ликовних Умјетности Универзитета Црне Горе\") is one of the educational institutions of the University of Montenegro. The Faculty is located in Cetinje, in the building of the former Russian embassy to Montenegro.",
"title": "University of Montenegro Faculty of Fine Arts"
},
{
"idx": 7,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "The Embassy opened at its Jerusalem location on May 14, 2018, the 70th anniversary of the creation of the modern State of Israel. It was relocated from its previous site in Tel Aviv by the Donald Trump Administration and is situated in the Arnona section of the US Consulate. The opening prayer was delivered by the Evangelical Reverend Robert Jeffress, and the closing prayer was given by the Evangelical Reverend John C. Hagee.The move came 23 years after the passage of the Jerusalem Embassy Act of October 23, 1995, which set a deadline of May 31, 1999, for the move. The Clinton, Bush, and Obama administrations had all deferred the move. Eugene Kontorovich claimed that the decision to shift the US embassy to this area is tantamount to the United States recognizing Israeli sovereignty over land that it captured in the Six-Day War in 1967.However, despite the move of the Embassy to Jerusalem, President Trump signed on June 4, 2018 an executive order postponing the move of the Embassy to Jerusalem, although it already moved to that city. He was required to sign the order since the Jerusalem Embassy Act requires the US Ambassador to have a permanent residence in Jerusalem, a condition not yet fulfilled.",
"title": "Embassy of the United States, Jerusalem"
},
{
"idx": 8,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "The Embassy of the United Kingdom in Beijing (or British Embassy, Beijing) is the chief diplomatic mission of the United Kingdom in the People's Republic of China. It is one of Britain's largest overseas embassies. It is located at \"11 Guang Hua Lu\", in the Chaoyang District. The current British Ambassador to China is Barbara Woodward.",
"title": "Embassy of the United Kingdom, Beijing"
},
{
"idx": 9,
"is_supporting": true,
"paragraph_text": "On January 25, 1918, at the third meeting of the All-Russian Congress of Soviets, the unrecognized state was renamed the Soviet Russian Republic. On March 3, 1918, the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk was signed, giving away much of the land of the former Russian Empire to Germany, in exchange for peace in World War I. On July 10, 1918, the Russian Constitution of 1918 renamed the country the Russian Socialist Federative Soviet Republic. By 1918, during the Russian Civil War, several states within the former Russian Empire had seceded, reducing the size of the country even more.",
"title": "Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic"
},
{
"idx": 10,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Tibet was once a strong power contemporaneous with Tang China (618–907). Until the Tibetan Empire's collapse in the 9th century, it was the Tang's major rival in dominating Inner Asia. The Yarlung rulers of Tibet also signed various peace treaties with the Tang, culminating in a treaty in 821 that fixed the borders between Tibet and China.",
"title": "Sino-Tibetan relations during the Ming dynasty"
},
{
"idx": 11,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "On 6 February 1840, Hobson and about forty Māori chiefs signed the Treaty of Waitangi at Waitangi in the Bay of Islands. Copies of the Treaty were subsequently taken around the country to be signed by other chiefs. A significant number refused to sign or were not asked but, in total, more than five hundred Māori eventually signed.",
"title": "History of New Zealand"
},
{
"idx": 12,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "New York University Shanghai (NYU Shanghai) is jointly established by New York University and East China Normal University of Shanghai. It is the first American college to receive independent registration status from China's Ministry of Education. While classes are in English, some proficiency in Chinese is required for graduation.",
"title": "New York University Shanghai"
},
{
"idx": 13,
"is_supporting": true,
"paragraph_text": "The Embassy of China in Moscow (Russian: Посольство Китайской Народной Республики в Российской Федерации, Chinese: 中华人民共和国驻俄罗斯联邦大使馆) is the chief diplomatic mission of China in the Russian Federation. It is located at 6 Druzhby Street () in the Ramenki District of Moscow.",
"title": "Embassy of China in Moscow"
},
{
"idx": 14,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "The Treaty of Brest - Litovsk was a peace treaty signed on 3 March 1918 between the new Bolshevik government of Soviet Russia and the Central Powers (Germany, Austria - Hungary, Bulgaria, and the Ottoman Empire), that ended Russia's participation in World War I. The treaty was signed at Brest - Litovsk (Polish: Brześć Litewski; since 1945 Brest), after two months of negotiations. The treaty was agreed upon by the Bolshevik government to stop further advances by German and Austro - Hungarian forces. According to the treaty, Soviet Russia defaulted on all of Imperial Russia's commitments to the Triple Entente alliance.",
"title": "Treaty of Brest-Litovsk"
},
{
"idx": 15,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "The subsequent Great Peace of Montreal was signed in 1701 in Montreal by 39 Indian chiefs and the French. In the treaty, the Iroquois agreed to stop marauding and to allow refugees from the Great Lakes to return east. The Shawnee eventually regained control of the Ohio Country and the lower Allegheny River. The Miami tribe returned to take control of modern Indiana and north - west Ohio. The Pottawatomie went to Michigan, and the Illinois tribe to Illinois. With the Dutch long removed from North America, the English had become just as powerful as the French. The Iroquois came to see that they held the balance of power between the two European powers and they used that position to their benefit for the decades to come. Their society began to quickly change as the tribes began to focus on building up a strong nation, improving their farming technology, and educating their population. The peace was lasting and it would not be until the 1720s that their territory would again be threatened by the Europeans.",
"title": "Beaver Wars"
},
{
"idx": 16,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Another action in 1917 that is of note was the armistice signed between Russia and the Central Powers at Brest-Litovsk. As a condition for peace, the treaty by the Central Powers conceded huge portions of the former Russian Empire to Imperial Germany and the Ottoman Empire, greatly upsetting nationalists and conservatives. The Bolsheviks made peace with the German Empire and the Central Powers, as they had promised the Russian people prior to the Revolution. Vladimir Lenin's decision has been attributed to his sponsorship by the foreign office of Wilhelm II, German Emperor, offered by the latter in hopes that with a revolution, Russia would withdraw from World War I. This suspicion was bolstered by the German Foreign Ministry's sponsorship of Lenin's return to Petrograd. The Western Allies expressed their dismay at the Bolsheviks, upset at:",
"title": "Modern history"
},
{
"idx": 17,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Bogotá (/ ˈboʊɡətɑː /, / ˌbɒɡəˈtɑː /, / ˌboʊ - /; Spanish pronunciation: (boɣoˈta) (listen)), officially Bogotá, Distrito Capital, abbreviated Bogotá, D.C., and formerly known as Santafé de Bogotá between 1991 and 2000, is the capital and largest city of Colombia, administered as the Capital District, although often thought of as part of Cundinamarca. Bogotá is a territorial entity of the first order, with the same administrative status as the departments of Colombia. It is the political, economic, administrative, industrial, artistic, cultural, and sports center of the country.",
"title": "Bogotá"
},
{
"idx": 18,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "France formally recognized the United States on February 6, 1778, with the signing of the Treaty of Amity and Commerce, which was immediately followed by signing the Treaty of Alliance in anticipation of conflict as a result. Hostilities soon followed after Britain declared war on France on March 17, 1778. The British naval force, at that time the largest fleet afloat, and the French fleet confronted each other from the beginning. The British avoided intercepting a French fleet that left Toulon under the comte d'Estaing in April for North America, fearing the French fleet at Brest might then be used to launch an invasion of Britain. France had kept the Brest fleet to protect commercial shipping in European waters, and it sailed out only after a British fleet was confirmed to have left in pursuit of d'Estaing, thus weakening the British Channel fleet. In spite of this reduction the British fleet still outnumbered the French fleet at Brest, and Admiral d'Orvilliers was instructed to avoid combat when he sailed in July. D'Orvilliers met the fleet of Admiral Augustus Keppel in the indecisive Battle of Ushant on July 27, after which both fleets returned to port for repairs.",
"title": "France in the American Revolutionary War"
},
{
"idx": 19,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "The Embassy of the United States in Beijing is the diplomatic mission of the United States in China. It serves as the administrative office of the United States Ambassador to China. The embassy complex is in Chaoyang District, Beijing.",
"title": "Embassy of the United States, Beijing"
}
],
"question": "What was the benefit of the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk to the country who has a Chinese Embassy in their city which also contains the alma mater of Sergei Vronsky?",
"question_decomposition": [
{
"answer": "Gerasimov Institute of Cinematography",
"id": 122303,
"paragraph_support_idx": 0,
"question": "What is the name of university that educated Sergei Vronsky?"
},
{
"answer": "Moscow",
"id": 539917,
"paragraph_support_idx": 5,
"question": "#1 >> located in the administrative territorial entity"
},
{
"answer": "Russia",
"id": 832557,
"paragraph_support_idx": 13,
"question": "Embassy of China, #2 >> country"
},
{
"answer": "peace in World War I",
"id": 5583,
"paragraph_support_idx": 9,
"question": "What did #3 receive in return for signing the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk?"
}
]
} |
2hop__152881_224276 | Who owns the Interstate 95 in the state Awashonks are from? | Rhode Island Department of Transportation | [
"Rhode Island Department of Transportation",
"RIDOT"
] | {
"answer": "Rhode Island Department of Transportation",
"answer_aliases": [
"RIDOT"
],
"answerable": true,
"id": "2hop__152881_224276",
"paragraphs": [
{
"idx": 0,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "U.S. Route 78 passes near the center of Summerville, leading southeast 24 miles (39 km) to downtown Charleston and northwest 29 miles (47 km) to Interstate 95 at St. George. Interstate 26 leads through the northeast corner of Summerville with access from Exit 199, leading southeast to Charleston and northwest 90 miles (140 km) to Columbia.",
"title": "Summerville, South Carolina"
},
{
"idx": 1,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "The Interstate Highway System is officially known as the 'Dwight D. Eisenhower National System of Interstate and Defense Highways' in his honor. It was inspired in part by Eisenhower's own Army experiences in World War II, where he recognized the advantages of the autobahn systems in Germany, Austria, and Switzerland. Commemorative signs reading \"Eisenhower Interstate System\" and bearing Eisenhower's permanent 5-star rank insignia were introduced in 1993 and are currently displayed throughout the Interstate System. Several highways are also named for him, including the Eisenhower Expressway (Interstate 290) near Chicago and the Eisenhower Tunnel on Interstate 70 west of Denver.",
"title": "Dwight D. Eisenhower"
},
{
"idx": 2,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "The Fuller Warren Bridge is a prestressed concrete girder bridge that carries Interstate 95 (I-95) across the St. Johns River in Jacksonville, Florida. The current bridge was completed in October 2002, replacing the original bascule bridge span completed in 1954. The current bridge was designed by HNTB Corporation in 1990 and built by Balfour Beatty Construction. The entire bridge is over . long, with a main span of , and a vertical clearance of . The bridge now carries eight lanes across the span.",
"title": "Fuller Warren Bridge"
},
{
"idx": 3,
"is_supporting": true,
"paragraph_text": "The Iway is the $610 million project by the Rhode Island Department of Transportation (RIDOT) to relocate the Interstate 195 and Interstate 95 intersection in Providence, Rhode Island. As of Spring 2013, all reconstruction and demolition is complete, and the last remaining project is to rebuild city streets around the deconstructed corridor.",
"title": "Iway"
},
{
"idx": 4,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Florida's Turnpike, designated as State Road 91 (SR 91), is a toll road in the U.S. state of Florida, maintained by Florida's Turnpike Enterprise (FTE). Spanning approximately 309 miles (497 km) along a north -- south axis, the turnpike is in two sections. The SR 91 mainline runs roughly 265 miles (426 km), from its southern terminus at an interchange with Interstate 95 (I - 95) in Miami Gardens to an interchange with I - 75 in Wildwood at its northern terminus. The Homestead Extension of Florida's Turnpike (abbreviated HEFT and designated as SR 821) continues from the southern end of the mainline for another 48 miles (77 km) to US Highway 1 (US 1) in Florida City. The slogan for the road is ``The Less Stressway ''.",
"title": "Florida's Turnpike"
},
{
"idx": 5,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "State Road 518, also called Eau Gallie Boulevard, is a short but major east–west highway with a western terminus at Interstate 95 on the Florida mainland, crossing the Indian River via the Eau Gallie Causeway (and intersecting the southern end of SR 513), and having its eastern terminus at SR A1A. Most of SR 518 is located within the city of Melbourne.",
"title": "Florida State Road 518"
},
{
"idx": 6,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Interstate 26 begins in downtown Charleston, with exits to the Septima Clark Expressway, the Arthur Ravenel, Jr. Bridge and Meeting Street. Heading northwest, it connects the city to North Charleston, the Charleston International Airport, Interstate 95, and Columbia. The Arthur Ravenel, Jr. Bridge and Septima Clark Expressway are part of U.S. Highway 17, which travels east-west through the cities of Charleston and Mount Pleasant. The Mark Clark Expressway, or Interstate 526, is the bypass around the city and begins and ends at U.S. Highway 17. U.S. Highway 52 is Meeting Street and its spur is East Bay Street, which becomes Morrison Drive after leaving the east side. This highway merges with King Street in the city's Neck area (industrial district). U.S. Highway 78 is King Street in the downtown area, eventually merging with Meeting Street.",
"title": "Charleston, South Carolina"
},
{
"idx": 7,
"is_supporting": true,
"paragraph_text": "Awashonks (also spelled Awashunckes, Awashunkes or Awasoncks) was a sachem (chief) of the Sakonnet (also spelled Saconet) tribe in Rhode Island. She lived near the southern edge of the Plymouth Colony, not far from Narragansett Bay, near what is now Little Compton, Rhode Island. In the mid-seventeenth century, her lands were claimed by the English settlers of Plymouth Colony. While she had allied herself to the English to increase her power, their victory eroded her standing among both the English and the Saconet. Awashonks is known for her special talent for negotiation and diplomacy, which helped include the Sakonnets among a tiny handful of natives who received amnesty from colonists.",
"title": "Awashonks"
},
{
"idx": 8,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Walterboro is located somewhat north of the center of Colleton County at 32 ° 54 ′ 15 ''N 80 ° 39 ′ 58'' W / 32.90417 ° N 80.66611 ° W / 32.90417; - 80.66611 (32.904289, - 80.666238). Interstate 95 passes west of the city, leading northeast 110 miles (180 km) to Florence and southwest 67 miles (108 km) to Savannah, Georgia. The southern terminus of U.S. Route 15 is in the center of Walterboro; it leads north, running roughly parallel to I - 95, reaching St. George in 21 miles (34 km). U.S. Route 17 Alt leads east from US 15 32 miles (51 km) to Summerville in the Charleston vicinity and southwest 21 miles (34 km) to Yemassee. South Carolina Highway 64 leads northwest past I - 95 Exit 57 25 miles (40 km) to Ehrhardt and southeast 16 miles (26 km) to Jacksonboro.",
"title": "Walterboro, South Carolina"
},
{
"idx": 9,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "O'Donnell Heights is a neighborhood named for a public housing development in the far southeastern part of the city of Baltimore, Maryland, United States. It is located south and east of Interstate 95, just west of the border with Baltimore County, and north of the St. Helena neighborhood.",
"title": "O'Donnell Heights, Baltimore"
},
{
"idx": 10,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Jacinto City is a city in Harris County, Texas, United States, east of the intersection of Interstate 10 and the East Loop of Interstate 610. Jacinto City is part of the Houston–Sugar Land–Baytown metropolitan area and is bordered by the cities of Houston and Galena Park. The population was 10,553 at the 2010 census.",
"title": "Jacinto City, Texas"
},
{
"idx": 11,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Carson is an unincorporated community in Prince George County, Virginia, United States, located between Petersburg and Stony Creek, just west of Interstate 95.",
"title": "Carson, Virginia"
},
{
"idx": 12,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "A tolled highway connecting the major cities of New York was first proposed as early as the 1940s. The first section of the Thruway, between Utica and Rochester, opened on June 24, 1954. The remainder of the mainline and many of its spurs connecting to highways in other states and provinces were built in the 1950s. In 1957, much of the Thruway system was included as portions of Interstate 87 (I - 87), I - 90, and I - 95. Other segments became part of I - 190 and I - 287 shortly afterward. Today, the system comprises six highways: the New York -- Ripley mainline, the Berkshire Connector, the Garden State Parkway Connector, the New England Thruway (I - 95), the Niagara Thruway (I - 190), and the Cross-Westchester Expressway (I - 287). The portion of I - 84 in New York was part of the Thruway system from 1991 to 2010.",
"title": "New York State Thruway"
},
{
"idx": 13,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Richmond is located at the fall line of the James River, 44 miles (71 km) west of Williamsburg, 66 miles (106 km) east of Charlottesville, and 98 miles (158 km) south of Washington, D.C. Surrounded by Henrico and Chesterfield counties, the city is located at the intersections of Interstate 95 and Interstate 64, and encircled by Interstate 295 and Virginia State Route 288. Major suburbs include Midlothian to the southwest, Glen Allen to the north and west, Short Pump to the west and Mechanicsville to the northeast.",
"title": "Richmond, Virginia"
},
{
"idx": 14,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Interstate 240 (I-240) is an Interstate Highway in Oklahoma, United States, that runs 16.22 miles (26.1 km) west from Interstate 40 to Interstate 44 in southern Oklahoma City. After its terminus in southwest Oklahoma City, the main I-240 roadbed becomes Interstate 44 and Airport Road toward Will Rogers World Airport. The interstate overlaps SH-3, the longest Oklahoma state highway, for its entire length.",
"title": "Interstate 240 (Oklahoma)"
},
{
"idx": 15,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Abingdon is an unincorporated community in Harford County, Maryland, United States. It lies 25 miles northeast of Baltimore on Maryland Route 7, near the Bush River, between Exits 77 (MD 24) and 80 (MD 543) of Interstate 95.",
"title": "Abingdon, Maryland"
},
{
"idx": 16,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "In 1954, then-mayor Richard C. Lee began some of the earliest major urban renewal projects in the United States. Certain sections of downtown New Haven were redeveloped to include museums, new office towers, a hotel, and large shopping complexes. Other parts of the city were affected by the construction of Interstate 95 along the Long Wharf section, Interstate 91, and the Oak Street Connector. The Oak Street Connector (Route 34), running between Interstate 95, downtown, and The Hill neighborhood, was originally intended as a highway to the city's western suburbs but was only completed as a highway to the downtown area, with the area to the west becoming a boulevard (See \"Redevelopment\" below).",
"title": "New Haven, Connecticut"
},
{
"idx": 17,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Nooseneck is a village in Kent County, Rhode Island, United States, in the rural town of West Greenwich. Nooseneck is located on Rhode Island Route 3 near Interstate 95.",
"title": "Nooseneck, Rhode Island"
},
{
"idx": 18,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Oklahoma City is an integral point on the United States Interstate Network, with three major interstate highways – Interstate 35, Interstate 40, and Interstate 44 – bisecting the city. Interstate 240 connects Interstate 40 and Interstate 44 in south Oklahoma City, while Interstate 235 spurs from Interstate 44 in north-central Oklahoma City into downtown.",
"title": "Oklahoma City"
},
{
"idx": 19,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "By 1675, the relationship between the English and the Wampanoag was more tense than ever. Metacomet (Sachem of the Wampanoag tribe, also known as King Philip) was trying to build a military coalition to go to war against the Plymouth settlers. Metacomet sent six men to visit Awashonks and convince her to side with him in the fight against the English. The men told her that if she did not, Metacomet would send his men to kill the colonists' cattle and burn their houses on her side of the river - making it appear as if one of her people had committed the crime. Awashonks sent for Benjamin Church; when he arrived, there were hundreds of people present and Awashonks was leading a ceremonial dance. Awashonks stopped to see Church, who told her that it was not true that Plymouth was preparing for war (as Metacomet's men had told her). Church advised Awashonks to go to the Governor of Plymouth and join with the English. In part because of aid from leaders such as Awashonks, the English defeated Metacomet in King Philip's War.",
"title": "Awashonks"
}
],
"question": "Who owns the Interstate 95 in the state Awashonks are from?",
"question_decomposition": [
{
"answer": "Rhode Island",
"id": 152881,
"paragraph_support_idx": 7,
"question": "What city is Awashonks from?"
},
{
"answer": "Rhode Island Department of Transportation",
"id": 224276,
"paragraph_support_idx": 3,
"question": "Interstate 95 in #1 >> owned by"
}
]
} |
2hop__514374_6660 | Where is the Mausoleum of Centcelles located? | Iberian Peninsula | [
"Iberian Peninsula",
"Iberia"
] | {
"answer": "Iberian Peninsula",
"answer_aliases": [
"Iberia"
],
"answerable": true,
"id": "2hop__514374_6660",
"paragraphs": [
{
"idx": 0,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "The Greek-Catholic Church in Bocșa is a church in Bocșa, Sălaj, Romania. The mausoleum of Simion Bărnuțiu is located in the church, which is listed as a historic monument. Iuliu Hossu consecrated the church on September 8, 1937.",
"title": "Greek-Catholic Church in Bocșa"
},
{
"idx": 1,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "The Mausoleum of the First Qin Emperor (Qin Shi Huang) () is located in Lintong District, Xi'an, Shaanxi province of China. This mausoleum was constructed over 38 years, from 246 to 208 BC, and is situated underneath a 76-meter-tall tomb mound shaped like a truncated pyramid. The layout of the mausoleum is modeled on the Qin capital Xianyang, divided into inner and outer cities. The circumference of the inner city is 2.5 km (1.55 miles) and the outer is 6.3 km (3.9 miles). The tomb is located in the southwest of the inner city and faces east. The main tomb chamber housing the coffin and burial artifacts is the core of the architectural complex of the mausoleum.",
"title": "Mausoleum of the First Qin Emperor"
},
{
"idx": 2,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Ap Lo Chun () is a small island in the New Territories of Hong Kong. It is located in Ap Chau Bay () between Ap Chau in the east and Sai Ap Chau in the west, with the islet of Ap Tan Pai nearby in the northeast. It is under the administration of North District.",
"title": "Ap Lo Chun"
},
{
"idx": 3,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Vilnius County () is the largest of the 10 counties of Lithuania, located in the east of the country around the city Vilnius. On 1 July 2010, the county administration was abolished, and since that date, Vilnius County remains as the territorial and statistical unit.",
"title": "Vilnius County"
},
{
"idx": 4,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Bogotá (/ ˈboʊɡətɑː /, / ˌbɒɡəˈtɑː /, / ˌboʊ - /; Spanish pronunciation: (boɣoˈta) (listen)), officially Bogotá, Distrito Capital, abbreviated Bogotá, D.C., and formerly known as Santafé de Bogotá between 1991 and 2000, is the capital and largest city of Colombia, administered as the Capital District, although often thought of as part of Cundinamarca. Bogotá is a territorial entity of the first order, with the same administrative status as the departments of Colombia. It is the political, economic, administrative, industrial, artistic, cultural, and sports center of the country.",
"title": "Bogotá"
},
{
"idx": 5,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Paea is a commune in the suburbs of Papeete in French Polynesia, an overseas territory of France in the southern Pacific Ocean. Paea is located on the island of Tahiti, in the administrative subdivision of the Windward Islands, themselves part of the Society Islands. At the 2017 census it had a population of 13,021.",
"title": "Paea"
},
{
"idx": 6,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "The ZEC Bras-Coupé-Desert is a \"zone d'exploitation contrôlée\" (controlled harvesting zone) (ZEC), located in the unorganized territory of Lac-Pythonga in La Vallée-de-la-Gatineau Regional County Municipality, in the administrative region of Outaouais, in Quebec, in Canada.",
"title": "Zec Bras-Coupé–Désert"
},
{
"idx": 7,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Deninu School is a K-12 public school located in Fort Resolution, Northwest Territories, Canada. The school currently represents the only public education option for youth in the hamlet and serves a student population of approximately 125 students. The administration of the school is the responsibility of the South Slave Divisional Education Council (SSDEC).",
"title": "Deninu School"
},
{
"idx": 8,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "The Shire of Kerang was a local government area located in northwestern Victoria, Australia, along the Murray River. The shire covered an area of , and existed from 1862 until 1995. From 1966 onwards, Kerang itself was managed by a separate entity; the Borough of Kerang.",
"title": "Shire of Kerang"
},
{
"idx": 9,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Baba Ghassem mausoleum () is a historical mausoleum in Isfahan, Iran. It dates back to the 14th century. It is well known for its beautiful mihrab and dome. It is located to the north of Jameh Mosque of Isfahan. It was repaired and revamped in the Safavid era. Baba Ghassem was one of the prominent faqihs in Isfahan. One of his devotees built the Emamieh school for him, when Baba Ghassem was alive and after Baba Ghassem's death he built this mausoleum for him. The tomb has brick and tile decorations. Its dome is pyramidical. This mausoleum was very respected in the past, so that people swore to it beside the tomb for proving that they are telling the truth. On the below part of the dome of the structure, one of the names of Allah has been written in the Bannai script.",
"title": "Baba Ghassem Mausoleum"
},
{
"idx": 10,
"is_supporting": true,
"paragraph_text": "Catalan shares many traits with its neighboring Romance languages. However, despite being mostly situated in the Iberian Peninsula, Catalan differs more from Iberian Romance (such as Spanish and Portuguese) in terms of vocabulary, pronunciation, and grammar than from Gallo-Romance (Occitan, French, Gallo-Italic languages, etc.). These similarities are most notable with Occitan.",
"title": "Catalan language"
},
{
"idx": 11,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Biysky District () is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the fifty-nine in Altai Krai, Russia. It is located in the east of the krai and borders with Zonalny, Tselinny, Soltonsky, Krasnogorsky, Sovetsky, and Smolensky Districts, as well as with the territory of the City of Biysk. The area of the district is . Its administrative center is the city of Biysk (which is not administratively a part of the district). District's population:",
"title": "Biysky District"
},
{
"idx": 12,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Mount Franklin is a mountain with an elevation of in the Brindabella Ranges that is located on the border between the Australian Capital Territory and New South Wales, Australia. The summit of the mountain is located in the Australian Capital Territory.",
"title": "Mount Franklin (Australian Capital Territory)"
},
{
"idx": 13,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "The Solís Theatre is Uruguay's oldest theatre. It was built in 1856 and is currently owned by the government of Montevideo. In 1998, the government of Montevideo started a major reconstruction of the theatre, which included two US$110,000 columns designed by Philippe Starck. The reconstruction was completed in 2004, and the theatre reopened in August of that year. The plaza is also the site of the offices of the President of Uruguay (both the Estévez Palace and the Executive Tower). The Artigas Mausoleum is located at the centre of the plaza. Statues include that of José Gervasio Artigas, hero of Uruguay's independence movement; an honour guard keeps vigil at the Mausoleum.",
"title": "Montevideo"
},
{
"idx": 14,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Khabarovsky District () is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the seventeen in Khabarovsk Krai, Russia. It consists of two unconnected segments separated by the territory of Amursky District, which are located in the southwest of the krai. The area of the district is . Its administrative center is the city of Khabarovsk (which is not administratively a part of the district). Population:",
"title": "Khabarovsky District"
},
{
"idx": 15,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "In 1949, the Territory and the Territory of New Guinea were established in an administrative union by the name of the Territory of Papua and New Guinea. That administrative union was renamed as Papua New Guinea in 1971. Notwithstanding that it was part of an administrative union, the Territory of Papua at all times retained a distinct legal status and identity; it was a Possession of the Crown whereas the Territory of New Guinea was initially a League of Nations mandate territory and subsequently a United Nations trust territory. This important legal and political distinction remained until the advent of the Independent State of Papua New Guinea in 1975.",
"title": "Territory of Papua"
},
{
"idx": 16,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "The Mevlâna Museum, located in Konya, Turkey, is the mausoleum of Jalal ad-Din Muhammad Rumi, a Persian Sufi mystic also known as Mevlâna or Rumi. It was also the dervish lodge (\"tekke\") of the Mevlevi order, better known as the whirling dervishes.",
"title": "Mevlana Museum"
},
{
"idx": 17,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Lutsel K'e Dene School is a K-12 public school located in Lutselk'e, Northwest Territories, Canada. The school currently represents the only public education option for youth in the settlement and serves a student population of approximately 73 students. The administration of the school is the responsibility of the South Slave Divisional Education Council (SSDEC).",
"title": "Lutsel K'e Dene School"
},
{
"idx": 18,
"is_supporting": true,
"paragraph_text": "The Roman villa of Centcelles is located in the municipality of Constantí, in Catalonia (Spain). It contains a masterpiece of Early Christian Art. In one of its rooms, which has been almost completely preserved, you can see the oldest known dome mosaic with a Christian theme in the Roman world, dated to the 4th century AD.",
"title": "Roman villa of Centcelles"
},
{
"idx": 19,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Brzeg Castle is located in Brzeg, Opole Voivodeship, within the Silesia region of Poland. Now a museum, the structures includes the Piast dynasty mausoleum.",
"title": "Brzeg Castle"
}
],
"question": "Where is the Mausoleum of Centcelles located?",
"question_decomposition": [
{
"answer": "Catalonia",
"id": 514374,
"paragraph_support_idx": 18,
"question": "Mausoleum of Centcelles >> located in the administrative territorial entity"
},
{
"answer": "Iberian Peninsula",
"id": 6660,
"paragraph_support_idx": 10,
"question": "Where is #1 located?"
}
]
} |
2hop__303584_228553 | What band is the performer of The Downeaster Alexa a member of? | Billy Joel Band | [
"Billy Joel Band",
"the Billy Joel Band"
] | {
"answer": "Billy Joel Band",
"answer_aliases": [
"the Billy Joel Band"
],
"answerable": true,
"id": "2hop__303584_228553",
"paragraphs": [
{
"idx": 0,
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"paragraph_text": "Liv Lindeland (born 7 December 1945 in Norway) is a Norwegian model, actress, and talent agent. She was chosen as \"Playboy\" magazine's Playmate of the Month for January 1971 and as the Playmate of the Year for 1972. Her original pictorial was photographed by Alexas Urba. Lindeland is the daughter-in-law of actress-dancer Cyd Charisse.",
"title": "Liv Lindeland"
},
{
"idx": 1,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "The episode was directed by James Burrows, written by Alexa Junge and guest - stars Elliott Gould and Christina Pickles as Jack and Judy Geller, Michael Ray Bower as Monica's date and Patrick Kerr as the restaurant manager.",
"title": "The One with the Prom Video"
},
{
"idx": 2,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Davalos, an only child, was born Alexa Davalos Dunas in France, to American parents, actress Elyssa Davalos and photographer Jeff Dunas. Her maternal grandfather was actor Richard Davalos. Davalos spent most of her childhood in France and Italy, before settling in New York. She has stated \"I tend to curse in French more often than I do in English.\"",
"title": "Alexa Davalos"
},
{
"idx": 3,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "He studied in Prague among others with Jaroslav Křička, conducting with Metod Doležil and Pavel Dědeček, musicology, aesthetics, and philosophy at Charles University. He was the founder and member of the \"Prague Wind Quintet\" (1928), with whom he performed, composed and arranged compositions for it. From 1930 to 1933, he was a member of the Czech Philharmonic Orchestra, and from 1934 to 1943, he worked on Czech Radio as conductor and editor. From 1945, he worked as a pedagogue at the Prague Conservatory and Academy of Performing Arts in Prague.",
"title": "Václav Smetáček"
},
{
"idx": 4,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Eliminated Wrestler Entered Eliminated by Method of Elimination Time 01! 1 Mandy Rose Sasha Banks Bank Statement 13: 50 02! 2 Sonya Deville Mickie James Seated senton off the top of a pod 17: 35 03! 3 Mickie James 5 Bayley Bayley - to - Belly 18: 00 04! 4 Bayley Alexa Bliss Roll up 25: 30 05! 5 Sasha Banks Alexa Bliss Spike DDT 29: 35 06! Winner Alexa Bliss (c) 6 N / A",
"title": "Elimination Chamber (2018)"
},
{
"idx": 5,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "It's On with Alexa Chung is an American live interactive talk and variety program that aired weekdays on MTV from June 15 to December 17, 2009. The show, a \"successor\" to MTV's \"Total Request Live\", was hosted by British model-turned-television personality Alexa Chung.",
"title": "It's On with Alexa Chung"
},
{
"idx": 6,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "The Wayback Machine is a digital archive of the World Wide Web and other information on the Internet created by the Internet Archive, a nonprofit organization, based in San Francisco, California, United States. It was set up by Brewster Kahle and Bruce Gilliat, and is maintained with content from Alexa Internet. The service enables users to see archived versions of web pages across time, which the archive calls a \"three dimensional index.\"",
"title": "Wayback Machine"
},
{
"idx": 7,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "The show opened in the West End's Lyceum Theatre on October 19, 1999, and is still running. The cast of the West End production were invited to perform at the Royal Variety Performance in 1999 and 2008, in the presence of senior members of the British Royal Family.",
"title": "The Lion King (musical)"
},
{
"idx": 8,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "The Red Mirage is a 1913 novel by Ida Alexa Ross Wylie. It was her third novel, and was immensely popular, reportedly making her a \"darling of the media.\" It was adapted multiple times into motion pictures, including versions in 1915 and 1928, respectively under the titles \"The Unknown\" and \"The Foreign Legion.\"",
"title": "The Red Mirage"
},
{
"idx": 9,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Vanity Lair is a reality television programme on Channel 4 in the United Kingdom. The series began on 3 February 2008 and is presented by Alexa Chung.",
"title": "Vanity Lair"
},
{
"idx": 10,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "\"Baby Grand\" is the fourth and final single released off Billy Joel's album \"The Bridge\". A duet with Joel and Ray Charles, the song is a ballad dedicated to the baby grand piano, and the relationship it can share with its players. The two originally got together when Joel contacted Charles about the naming of his daughter, Alexa Ray, after Charles. Charles then suggested they create a song together.",
"title": "Baby Grand"
},
{
"idx": 11,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Robert Lawrence Chisholm (born August 31, 1957 in Kentville, Nova Scotia) is a former trade unionist and politician from Nova Scotia, Canada. He represented the Halifax Atlantic riding in the Nova Scotia House of Assembly from 1991 to 2003. He succeeded Alexa McDonough as leader of the Nova Scotia New Democratic Party (NDP) in 1996. He served as the leader of the Official Opposition in the Nova Scotia Legislature from 1998 to 1999. He subsequently founded a consulting firm, was co-chair of the 2010–11 United Way of Halifax Region campaign, and sat on the Board of Governors of Dalhousie University. On May 2, 2011, Chisholm was elected as the Member of Parliament for the Dartmouth—Cole Harbour riding in Nova Scotia. As a member of the Official Opposition, he served as the Critic for Fisheries and Oceans and Deputy Critic for Employment Insurance until his defeat in the 2015 election.",
"title": "Robert Chisholm (Canadian politician)"
},
{
"idx": 12,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Alexa Hampton is a graduate of Brown University. She did graduate work at New York University’s Institute of Fine Arts in Florence, Italy and in New York City. She cut her design teeth working with her late father, the legendary Mark Hampton, in the firm that he opened in 1976, both as an apprentice at a young age until later achieving the position of senior designer. After her father’s death, she took over Mark Hampton LLC and continues to own and run the business. In 2000, Alexa Hampton launched her first licensed product collection with a fabric line by Kravet. She now also designs lines for Hickory Chair, Visual Comfort and Stark Carpet. On January 12th 2016 Alexa became the spokesperson, advisor and strategic partner for ATGStores.com",
"title": "Alexa Hampton"
},
{
"idx": 13,
"is_supporting": true,
"paragraph_text": "\"The Downeaster 'Alexa'\" is a song originally written, produced, and performed by Billy Joel for his eleventh studio album \"Storm Front\". The album itself went to number one while the fourth single \"The Downeaster 'Alexa'\" placed at #57 in the \"Billboard\" Hot 100. The song was included on Billy Joel's \"Greatest Hits Vol. 3\" album in 1997.",
"title": "The Downeaster Alexa"
},
{
"idx": 14,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "``We Did n't Start the Fire ''Single by Billy Joel from the album Storm Front B - side`` House of Blue Light'' Released September 27, 1989 Format 7 ''single 12'' single CD Cassette Single Recorded July 1989 Genre Pop rock Length 4: 49 Label Columbia Songwriter (s) Billy Joel Producer (s) Mick Jones Billy Joel Billy Joel singles chronology ``Baby Grand ''(1987)`` We Did n't Start the Fire'' (1989) ``Leningrad ''(1989)`` Baby Grand'' (1987) ``We Did n't Start the Fire ''(1989)`` Leningrad'' (1989) Storm Front track listing ``That's Not Her Style ''(1)`` We Did n't Start the Fire'' (2) ``The Downeaster 'Alexa' ''(3) Music video`` We Did n't Start the Fire'' on YouTube",
"title": "We Didn't Start the Fire"
},
{
"idx": 15,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Martin Short as the Cat in the Hat Jacob Ewaniuk as Nick Alexa Torrington as Sally Robert Tinkler as Fish, Thing One and Thing Two Tracey Hoyt as Sally's mom and Nick's mom",
"title": "The Cat in the Hat Knows a Lot About That!"
},
{
"idx": 16,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Nikola Dimuševski is a Macedonian musician and keyboard player, a core founding member of the rock group Leb i sol and a solo performer.",
"title": "Nikola Kokan Dimuševski"
},
{
"idx": 17,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Alexa & Katie is a Netflix original sitcom created by Heather Wordham. Matthew Carlson serves as showrunner. The first season premiered on Netflix on March 23, 2018, and consists of 13 episodes. In April 2018, Netflix renewed the series for a second season.",
"title": "Alexa & Katie"
},
{
"idx": 18,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "\"My Day Will Come\" is the second single from Kate Alexa, released in September 2005. This single is from her debut album, \"Broken & Beautiful\". It comprised two singles, one was the one without the digital video film clip which was the original one and the other one with the digital video film clip which was the enhanced limited edition.",
"title": "My Day Will Come"
},
{
"idx": 19,
"is_supporting": true,
"paragraph_text": "The Billy Joel Band is the band that backs singer-songwriter and pianist Billy Joel on both studio and live recordings. The band stabilized around 1975 but underwent several lineup changes in the late 1980s and early 1990s. Joel's touring band as a whole did not begin playing on his records until he recorded the album \"Turnstiles\" in 1976. This line-up included Richie Cannata on saxophones and organ, Liberty DeVitto on drums, Russell Javors on guitar, and Doug Stegmeyer on bass.",
"title": "Billy Joel Band"
}
],
"question": "What band is the performer of The Downeaster Alexa a member of?",
"question_decomposition": [
{
"answer": "Billy Joel",
"id": 303584,
"paragraph_support_idx": 13,
"question": "The Downeaster Alexa >> performer"
},
{
"answer": "Billy Joel Band",
"id": 228553,
"paragraph_support_idx": 19,
"question": "#1 >> member of"
}
]
} |
3hop2__51964_13002_32334 | Are these other languages learned in the country that has the world's largest judicial system as popular as the language that originated in the country with the oldest navy? | totals remain relatively small in relation to the total U.S population. | [
"totals remain relatively small in relation to the total U.S population.",
"the US",
"America",
"U.S.",
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"US"
] | {
"answer": "totals remain relatively small in relation to the total U.S population.",
"answer_aliases": [
"the US",
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],
"answerable": true,
"id": "3hop2__51964_13002_32334",
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"paragraph_text": "The Catholic Church, also known as the Roman Catholic Church, is the largest Christian church, with more than 1.299 billion members worldwide. As one of the oldest religious institutions in the world, it has played a prominent role in the history and development of Western civilisation. The church is headed by the Bishop of Rome, who is known as the Pope. The church's doctrines are summarised in the Nicene Creed. Its central administration, the Holy See, is in the Vatican City, an enclave within Rome, Italy.",
"title": "Catholic Church"
},
{
"idx": 1,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Chinese characters are logograms used in the writing of Chinese and some other Asian languages. In Standard Chinese they are called Hanzi (simplified Chinese: 汉字; traditional Chinese: 漢字). They have been adapted to write a number of other languages including: Japanese, where they are known as kanji, Korean, where they are known as hanja, and Vietnamese in a system known as chữ Nôm. Collectively, they are known as CJKV characters. In English, they are sometimes called Han characters. Chinese characters constitute the oldest continuously used system of writing in the world. By virtue of their widespread current use in East Asia, and historic use throughout the Sinosphere, Chinese characters are among the most widely adopted writing systems in the world.",
"title": "Chinese characters"
},
{
"idx": 2,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "USS Houston (AK-1) was a cargo ship that was acquired by the U.S. Navy for service in World War I. During World War II, she served as a commercial cargo ship under charter to the United States Lines by the War Shipping Administration.",
"title": "USS Houston (AK-1)"
},
{
"idx": 3,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "The largest parks in the central area of London are three of the eight Royal Parks, namely Hyde Park and its neighbour Kensington Gardens in the west, and Regent's Park to the north. Hyde Park in particular is popular for sports and sometimes hosts open-air concerts. Regent's Park contains London Zoo, the world's oldest scientific zoo, and is near the tourist attraction of Madame Tussauds Wax Museum. Primrose Hill in the northern part of Regent's Park at 256 feet (78 m) is a popular spot to view the city skyline.",
"title": "London"
},
{
"idx": 4,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Smetlivy () is a guided missile destroyer of the Russian Navy. Entering service in 1969, the ship served until 1991 with the fall of the Soviet Union. She returned to service in 1995 after a refit and is now a part of the Black Sea Fleet, making her the oldest active destroyer in the world.",
"title": "Russian destroyer Smetlivy"
},
{
"idx": 5,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "The Australasian Journal of Philosophy is a quarterly peer-reviewed academic journal of philosophy and \"one of the oldest English-language philosophy journals in the world\". It was established in 1923 as the \"Australasian Journal of Psychology and Philosophy\", obtaining its current title in 1947.",
"title": "Australasian Journal of Philosophy"
},
{
"idx": 6,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Vokrug sveta (, literally: \"Around the World\") is a Russian geographic magazine. It is the longest running magazine in the Russian language. The first issue was printed in Saint Petersburg, in December 1861, almost thirty years before the establishment of the \"National Geographic Magazine\". Thus, it is one of the oldest popular science magazines in the world. Release of \"Vokrug sveta\" was suspended twice: from 1918 to 1927, during the Russian Revolution, and from 1941 to 1945, during World War II. Nevertheless, the magazine always resumed and continues to be published to this day.",
"title": "Vokrug sveta"
},
{
"idx": 7,
"is_supporting": true,
"paragraph_text": "The U.S. Social Security Administration (SSA), which oversees the world's largest administrative judicial system under its Office of Disability Adjudication and Review (ODAR), has made extensive use of videoconferencing to conduct hearings at remote locations. In Fiscal Year (FY) 2009, the U.S. Social Security Administration (SSA) conducted 86,320 videoconferenced hearings, a 55% increase over FY 2008. In August 2010, the SSA opened its fifth and largest videoconferencing-only National Hearing Center (NHC), in St. Louis, Missouri. This continues the SSA's effort to use video hearings as a means to clear its substantial hearing backlog. Since 2007, the SSA has also established NHCs in Albuquerque, New Mexico, Baltimore, Maryland, Falls Church, Virginia, and Chicago, Illinois.",
"title": "Videotelephony"
},
{
"idx": 8,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "The Arrondissement of Ypres (; ) is one of the eight administrative arrondissements in the Province of West Flanders, Belgium. It is both an administrative and a judicial arrondissement. However, the Judicial Arrondissement of Ypres also comprises the municipalities of Staden and Moorslede in the Arrondissement of Roeselare.",
"title": "Arrondissement of Ypres"
},
{
"idx": 9,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "The history of the United States Navy divides into two major periods: the ``Old Navy '', a small but respected force of sailing ships that was also notable for innovation in the use of ironclads during the American Civil War, and the`` New Navy'', the result of a modernization effort that began in the 1880s and made it the largest in the world by the 1920s.",
"title": "History of the United States Navy"
},
{
"idx": 10,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Floyd Huston \"Skipper\" Matthews (February 3, 1903 – February 24, 2008) was, at age 105, an American veteran of the United States Navy, in which he served for thirty years. Matthews was the oldest living United States military veteran in Alabama as well as the oldest living submariner at the time of his death at the age of 105. He was also one of the oldest surviving World War II veterans and one of the few surviving World War I era veterans, according to the Alabama Department of Veterans Affairs.",
"title": "Floyd Matthews"
},
{
"idx": 11,
"is_supporting": true,
"paragraph_text": "Spanish is currently the most widely taught non-English language in American secondary schools and of higher education. More than 1.4 million university students were enrolled in language courses in autumn of 2002 and Spanish is the most widely taught language in American colleges and universities with 53 percent of the total number of people enrolled, followed by French (14.4%), German (7.1%), Italian (4.5%), American Sign language (4.3%), Japanese (3.7%), and Chinese (2.4%) although the totals remain relatively small in relation to the total U.S population.",
"title": "Spanish language in the United States"
},
{
"idx": 12,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Adelbert Althouse (May 23, 1869 – May 17, 1954) was a United States Navy Captain who served as the 27th and 29th Naval Governor of Guam. Prior to his Governorship, he served on ships in the Navy and participated in both the Spanish–American War and World War I. He earned the Navy Cross for his actions commanding and serving as Chief of Staff for the Commander and Chief of the United States Asiatic Fleet during the World War. As Governor, he focused on reforming the island's education system. He modeled a new system after that of co-educational California but also outlawed the speaking of the Chamorro language at schools in an effort to improve the English language skills of the local children. Most of his education reform took place in his first term.",
"title": "Adelbert Althouse"
},
{
"idx": 13,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "\"Rough Book\" is a hard look at the education system in India. Though one of the finest systems in the world, the lacunae in the system have created issues that are threatening to clog the channels of learning in contemporary India. The story revolves around the division among students on the basis of their grade. It avoids melodrama. A teacher and her students rebel against the system.",
"title": "Rough Book"
},
{
"idx": 14,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "The New York City Subway is a rapid transit system owned by the City of New York and leased to the New York City Transit Authority, a subsidiary agency of the state - run Metropolitan Transportation Authority (MTA). Opened in 1904, the New York City Subway is one of the world's oldest public transit systems, one of the world's most used metro systems, and the metro system with the most stations. It offers service 24 hours per day on every day of the year, though some routes may operate only part - time.",
"title": "New York City Subway"
},
{
"idx": 15,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Art Cologne is an art fair held annually in Cologne, Germany and was established in 1967 as \"Kölner Kunstmarkt\". It is regarded as the world's oldest art fair of its kind. The fair runs for six days and brings together galleries from more than 20 countries at the Cologne Exhibition Centre, one of the world’s largest exhibition centers. It is open to the public and attracts about 60,000 visitors.",
"title": "Art Cologne"
},
{
"idx": 16,
"is_supporting": true,
"paragraph_text": "The Spanish Infantería de Marina was formed in 1537, making it the oldest, current marine force in the world. The British Royal Marines combine being both a ship - based force and also being specially trained in commando - style operations and tactics, operating in some cases separately from the rest of the Royal Navy. The Royal Marines also have their own special forces unit.",
"title": "Navy"
},
{
"idx": 17,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Otto's encyclopedia ( or ), published at the turn of the 20th century, is the largest encyclopedia written in the Czech language. For its scope and the quality of the writing, it is comparable to the greatest world encyclopedias of its time, such as \"Encyclopædia Britannica\".",
"title": "Otto's encyclopedia"
},
{
"idx": 18,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Urheilulehti is a popular weekly Finnish sports magazine. It is the second oldest sports journal in the World (after Italian \"La Gazzetta dello Sport\").",
"title": "Urheilulehti"
},
{
"idx": 19,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "The University of al - Qarawiyyin, also written Al Quaraouiyine or Al - Karaouine (Arabic: جامعة القرويين ; Berber: ⵜⵉⵎⵣⴳⵉⴷⴰ ⵏ ⵍⵇⴰⵕⴰⵡⵉⵢⵢⵉⵏ; French: Université Al Quaraouiyine), is a university located in Fez, Morocco. It is the oldest existing, continually operating and the first degree - awarding educational institution in the world according to UNESCO and Guinness World Records and is sometimes referred to as the oldest university. It was founded by Fatima al - Fihri in 859 with an associated madrasa, which subsequently became one of the leading spiritual and educational centers of the historic Muslim world. It was incorporated into Morocco's modern state university system in 1963.",
"title": "University of al-Qarawiyyin"
}
],
"question": "Are these other languages learned in the country that has the world's largest judicial system as popular as the language that originated in the country with the oldest navy?",
"question_decomposition": [
{
"answer": "The Spanish",
"id": 51964,
"paragraph_support_idx": 16,
"question": "who has the oldest navy in the world"
},
{
"answer": "U.S.",
"id": 13002,
"paragraph_support_idx": 7,
"question": "Who has the world's largest administrative judicial system?"
},
{
"answer": "totals remain relatively small in relation to the total U.S population.",
"id": 32334,
"paragraph_support_idx": 11,
"question": "Are these other languages learned in the #2 as popular as #1 ?"
}
]
} |
2hop__846128_126060 | Who was in charge of Alan Dressler's city of birth? | John Cranley | [
"John Cranley"
] | {
"answer": "John Cranley",
"answer_aliases": [],
"answerable": true,
"id": "2hop__846128_126060",
"paragraphs": [
{
"idx": 0,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Caught Short is a 1930 American pre-Code comedy film directed by Charles Reisner and written by Robert E. Hopkins, Joseph H. Johnson and Willard Mack. The film stars Marie Dressler, Polly Moran, Anita Page, Charles Morton and Thomas Conlin. The film was released on May 10, 1930, by Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer.",
"title": "Caught Short"
},
{
"idx": 1,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "The Qur'an relates detailed narrative accounts of Maryam (Mary) in two places, Qur'an 3:35–47 and 19:16–34. These state beliefs in both the Immaculate Conception of Mary and the Virgin birth of Jesus. The account given in Sura 19 is nearly identical with that in the Gospel according to Luke, and both of these (Luke, Sura 19) begin with an account of the visitation of an angel upon Zakariya (Zecharias) and Good News of the birth of Yahya (John), followed by the account of the annunciation. It mentions how Mary was informed by an angel that she would become the mother of Jesus through the actions of God alone.",
"title": "Mary, mother of Jesus"
},
{
"idx": 2,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "The Jardin botanique de Sedan is a botanical garden and city park located on Philippoteaux Avenue beside the Place d'Alsace-Lorraine, Sedan, Ardennes, Champagne-Ardenne, France. It is open daily without charge.",
"title": "Jardin botanique de Sedan"
},
{
"idx": 3,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "97 Aces Go Places is a 1997 Hong Kong action comedy film directed by Chin Kar-lok and starring Alan Tam, Tony Leung, Christy Chung, Donna Chu and Francis Ng. The film is the sixth and final installment of the \"Aces Go Places\" film series and features a different cast and storyline.",
"title": "97 Aces Go Places"
},
{
"idx": 4,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Charge is the fundamental property of forms of matter that exhibit electrostatic attraction or repulsion in the presence of other matter. Electric charge is a characteristic property of many subatomic particles. The charges of free - standing particles are integer multiples of the elementary charge e; we say that electric charge is quantized. Michael Faraday, in his electrolysis experiments, was the first to note the discrete nature of electric charge. Robert Millikan's oil drop experiment demonstrated this fact directly, and measured the elementary charge. It has been discovered that one type of particle, quarks, have fractional charges of either − 1 / 3 or + 2 / 3, but it is believed they always occur in multiples of integral charge; free - standing quarks have never been observed.",
"title": "Electric charge"
},
{
"idx": 5,
"is_supporting": true,
"paragraph_text": "The present Mayor of Cincinnati is John Cranley. The nine-member city council is composed of Vice Mayor Christopher Smitherman and Councilmembers Tamaya Dennard (President Pro-Tem), David Mann, Amy Murray, Chris Seelbach, P.G. Sittenfeld, Greg Landsman, Jeff Pastor, and Wendell Young. The city manager is Harry Black, and the manager maintains two assistant city managers.",
"title": "Cincinnati"
},
{
"idx": 6,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Electric Universe is a psychedelic trance project from Germany formed by Boris Blenn and Michael Dressler in 1991. Their first EP release, \"Solar Energy\" was an instant hit with the underground trance scene and is often credited with putting the Spirit Zone Recordings label at the forefront of psychedelic trance early on. According to The Sofia Echo, they were \"hailed in the 1990s as one of the top psychedelic trance projects to come out of Germany\".",
"title": "Electric Universe"
},
{
"idx": 7,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Former members Heather and Gary Botting compare the cultural paradigms of the religion to George Orwell's Nineteen Eighty-four, and Alan Rogerson describes the religion's leadership as totalitarian. Other critics charge that by disparaging individual decision-making, the religion's leaders cultivate a system of unquestioning obedience in which Witnesses abrogate all responsibility and rights over their personal lives. Critics also accuse the religion's leaders of exercising \"intellectual dominance\" over Witnesses, controlling information and creating \"mental isolation\", which former Governing Body member Raymond Franz argued were all elements of mind control.",
"title": "Jehovah's Witnesses"
},
{
"idx": 8,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "The end of World War II brought a baby boom to many countries, especially Western ones. There is some disagreement as to the precise beginning and ending dates of the post-war baby boom, but it is most often agreed to have begun in the years immediately after the war, though some place it earlier at the increase of births in 1941 - 1943. The boom started to decline as birth rates in the United States started to decline in 1958, though the boom would only grind to a halt 3 years later in 1961, 20 years after it began.",
"title": "Mid-twentieth century baby boom"
},
{
"idx": 9,
"is_supporting": true,
"paragraph_text": "Dressler was born in Cincinnati, Ohio, graduated from Walnut Hills High School in 1966, and received his bachelor's degree in physics in 1970 from the University of California, Berkeley and his doctorate in astronomy in 1976 from the University of California, Santa Cruz. His primary professional interests lie in cosmology, birth and evolution of galaxies, astronomical instrumentation, and extragalactic astronomy.",
"title": "Alan Dressler"
},
{
"idx": 10,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Created by Norman Collins and originally presented by Alan Ivimey, Woman's Hour was first broadcast on 7 October 1946 on the BBC's Light Programme (now called Radio 2). Janet Quigley, who was also involved with the birth of the UK radio programme Today, has been credited with ``virtually creating ''the programme.",
"title": "Woman's Hour"
},
{
"idx": 11,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "The most populous member state is Germany, with an estimated 82.8 million people, and the least populous member state is Malta with 0.4 million. Birth rates in the EU are low with the average woman having 1.6 children. The highest birth - rates are found in Ireland with 16.876 births per thousand people per year and France with 13.013 births per thousand people per year. Germany has the lowest birth rate in Europe with 8.221 births per thousand people per year.",
"title": "Demographics of the European Union"
},
{
"idx": 12,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Christopher Bean is a 1933 American pre-Code comedy film directed by Sam Wood and written by Laurence E. Johnson and Sylvia Thalberg, based on the play \"The Late Christopher Bean\" by Sidney Howard. The film stars Marie Dressler, Lionel Barrymore, Helen Mack, Beulah Bondi and Russell Hardie. The film was released on November 17, 1933, by Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer. It was Marie Dressler's final role before her death from cancer in July 1934.",
"title": "Christopher Bean"
},
{
"idx": 13,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "The League series is an ongoing romance book series by the American author Sherrilyn Kenyon. The books are published by St. Martin's Press. It consists of eleven books that take place in a future time in a place known as the Ichidian Universe. In this universe, The League is in charge. The brutal, expertly trained League Assassins are essentially the power of the government. But like all governments, even the League is corrupt. The tagline for the series is \"In Morte Veritas\" (In Death, There is Truth).",
"title": "The League series"
},
{
"idx": 14,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "The Scrub Lady, also known as Tillie the Scrub Lady, is a 1917 silent comedy short film produced by and starring Marie Dressler and distributed by Goldwyn Pictures. The picture is preserved in the Library of Congress.",
"title": "The Scrub Lady"
},
{
"idx": 15,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Belgium's War Crimes Law invokes the concept of universal jurisdiction to allow anyone to bring war crime charges in Belgian courts, regardless of where the alleged crimes have taken place.",
"title": "War Crimes Law (Belgium)"
},
{
"idx": 16,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Min and Bill is a 1930 American Pre-Code comedy-drama film starring Marie Dressler and Wallace Beery and based on Lorna Moon's novel \"Dark Star\", adapted by Frances Marion and Marion Jackson. The film tells the story of dockside innkeeper Min's tribulations as she tries to protect the innocence of her adopted daughter Nancy, all while loving and fighting with boozy fisherman Bill, who resides at the inn.",
"title": "Min and Bill"
},
{
"idx": 17,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Made in Britain is a 1982 British television play written by David Leland, and directed by Alan Clarke, about a 16-year-old racist skinhead named Trevor (played by Tim Roth), and his constant confrontations with authority figures. It was originally broadcast on ITV on 10 July 1983 as fourth in an untitled series of works by Leland (including \"Birth of a Nation\"), loosely based around the British educational system, which subsequently acquired the overall title of \"Tales Out of School\". As with many Alan Clarke works, the director attempts to depict English working-class life realistically, without moralising or complex plots. The play features strong language, violence, racism and an anti-establishment feeling. Cinematographer Chris Menges's use of the Steadicam contributed to the fluid and gritty atmosphere of the play.",
"title": "Made in Britain"
},
{
"idx": 18,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Alan Cavalcanti better known as Alan (born 21 June 1975) is a Portuguese beach soccer player. He plays in wing and forward positions.",
"title": "Alan Cavalcanti"
},
{
"idx": 19,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Robin Williams as Alan Parrish, a man trapped in Jumanji for 26 years Adam Hann - Byrd as Young Alan Bonnie Hunt as Sarah Whittle, Alan's friend who is traumatized by Jumanji and devastated by Alan's disappearance Laura Bell Bundy as Young Sarah Kirsten Dunst as Judith ``Judy ''Shepherd, Peter's older sister. Scarlett Johansson auditioned for the role of Judy Shepherd, but turned down the role Bradley Pierce as Peter Shepherd, Judy's younger brother David Alan Grier as Carlton`` Carl'' Bentley, an employee at Sam's shoe factory and Alan's oldest friend, who later becomes a police officer Jonathan Hyde as Van Pelt, a big - game hunter from the game who is dead set to hunt Alan and other players to prevent them from winning the game Hyde also portrays Samuel Alan ``Sam ''Parrish, Alan's father Bebe Neuwirth as Nora Shepherd, Judy and Peter's aunt Patricia Clarkson as Carol - Anne Parrish, Alan's mother Malcolm Stewart as James`` Jim'' Shephard, Judy and Peter's father Annabel Kershaw as Martha Shepherd, Judy and Peter's mother Gary Joseph Thorup as William ``Billy ''Jessup, the leader of the bullies that picks on Alan for being friends with Sarah. Frank Welker provides the special vocal effects.",
"title": "Jumanji"
}
],
"question": "Who was in charge of Alan Dressler's city of birth?",
"question_decomposition": [
{
"answer": "Cincinnati",
"id": 846128,
"paragraph_support_idx": 9,
"question": "Alan Dressler >> place of birth"
},
{
"answer": "John Cranley",
"id": 126060,
"paragraph_support_idx": 5,
"question": "Who was in charge of #1 ?"
}
]
} |
2hop__236674_3752 | When did the torch visit the city where Religare is headquartered? | April 17 | [
"April 17"
] | {
"answer": "April 17",
"answer_aliases": [],
"answerable": true,
"id": "2hop__236674_3752",
"paragraphs": [
{
"idx": 0,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "After being lit at the birthplace of the Olympic Games in Olympia, Greece on March 24, the torch traveled to the Panathinaiko Stadium in Athens, and then to Beijing, arriving on March 31. From Beijing, the torch was following a route passing through six continents. The torch has visited cities along the Silk Road, symbolizing ancient links between China and the rest of the world. The relay also included an ascent with the flame to the top of Mount Everest on the border of Nepal and Tibet, China from the Chinese side, which was closed specially for the event.",
"title": "2008 Summer Olympics torch relay"
},
{
"idx": 1,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "The Ningbo Organizing Committee of the Beijing Olympic torch relay announced that the relay, scheduled to take place in Ningbo during national morning, would be suspended for the duration of the mourning period. The route of the torch through the country was scaled down, and there was a minute of silence when the next leg started in city of Ruijin, Jiangxi on the Wednesday after the quake.",
"title": "2008 Sichuan earthquake"
},
{
"idx": 2,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Some advocates for Tibet, Darfur, and the spiritual practice Falun Gong, planned to protest the April 9 arrival of the torch in San Francisco. China had already requested the torch route in San Francisco be shortened. On April 7, 2008, two days prior to the actual torch relay, three activists carrying Tibetan flags scaled the suspension cables of the Golden Gate Bridge to unfurl two banners, one saying \"One World, One Dream. Free Tibet\", and the other, \"Free Tibet '08\". Among them was San Francisco resident Laurel Sutherlin, who spoke to the local TV station KPIX-CBS5 live from a cellphone, urging the International Olympic Committee to ask China not to allow the torch to go through Tibet. \"Sutherlin said he was worried that the torch's planned route through Tibet would lead to more arrests and Chinese officials would use force to stifle dissent.\" The three activists and five supporters face charges related to trespassing, conspiracy and causing a public nuisance.",
"title": "2008 Summer Olympics torch relay"
},
{
"idx": 3,
"is_supporting": true,
"paragraph_text": "India: Due to concerns about pro-Tibet protests, the relay through New Delhi on April 17 was cut to just 2.3 km (less than 1.5 miles), which was shared amongst 70 runners. It concluded at the India Gate. The event was peaceful due to the public not being allowed at the relay. A total of five intended torchbearers -Kiran Bedi, Soha Ali Khan, Sachin Tendulkar, Bhaichung Bhutia and Sunil Gavaskar- withdrew from the event, citing \"personal reasons\", or, in Bhutia's case, explicitly wishing to \"stand by the people of Tibet and their struggle\" and protest against the PRC \"crackdown\" in Tibet. Indian national football captain, Baichung Bhutia refused to take part in the Indian leg of the torch relay, citing concerns over Tibet. Bhutia, who is Sikkimese, is the first athlete to refuse to run with the torch. Indian film star Aamir Khan states on his personal blog that the \"Olympic Games do not belong to China\" and confirms taking part in the torch relay \"with a prayer in his heart for the people of Tibet, and ... for all people across the world who are victims of human rights violations\". Rahul Gandhi, son of the Congress President Sonia Gandhi and scion of the Nehru-Gandhi family, also refused to carry the torch.",
"title": "2008 Summer Olympics torch relay"
},
{
"idx": 4,
"is_supporting": true,
"paragraph_text": "Religare Enterprises Limited (REL) is the holding company for one of India's leading diversified financial services groups, headquartered in New Delhi, India. It offers an integrated suite of financial services through its underlying subsidiaries and operating entities, includes Loans to Small and Medium Enterprises (SME)'s, Affordable Housing Finance, Retail Broking and Health Insurance. REL is listed on the Bombay Stock Exchange (BSE) and National Stock Exchange (NSE) in India.",
"title": "Religare"
},
{
"idx": 5,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Nela Park is the headquarters of GE Lighting, and is located in East Cleveland, Ohio, United States. Today, GE Lighting is a part of GE Home & Business Solutions, headquartered in Louisville, Kentucky. Nela Park serves as the operating headquarters of GE Lighting.",
"title": "Nela Park"
},
{
"idx": 6,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "The Beijing Olympic Organizing Committee sent out a team of 30 unarmed attendants selected from the People's Armed Police to escort the flame throughout its journey. According to Asian Times, sworn in as the \"Beijing Olympic Games Sacred Flame Protection Unit\" during a ceremony in August 2007, their main job is to keep the Olympic flame alight throughout the journey and to assist in transferring the flame between the torches, the lanterns and the cauldrons. They wear matching blue tracksuits and are intended to accompany the torch every step of the way. One of the torch attendants, dubbed \"Second Right Brother,\" has developed a significant online fan-base, particularly among China's female netizens.",
"title": "2008 Summer Olympics torch relay"
},
{
"idx": 7,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Paldi is an affluent area located in South Western Ahmedabad, India. Corporate offices and city centres of many national and international companies like ICICI Bank, Royal Bank of Scotland, Religare, Claris, Wagh Bakri Tea Group, Gujarat Gas are located within Paldi. It accommodates Sanskar Kendra museum by the renowned architect Le Corbusier as well as Tagore Memorial Hall. The National Institute of Design is located in Paldi.",
"title": "Paldi"
},
{
"idx": 8,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "In many cities along the North American and European route, the torch relay was protested by advocates of Tibetan independence, animal rights, and legal online gambling, and people protesting against China's human rights record, resulting in confrontations at a few of the relay locations. These protests, which ranged from hundreds of people in San Francisco, to effectively none in Pyongyang, forced the path of the torch relay to be changed or shortened on a number of occasions. The torch was extinguished by Chinese security officials several times during the Paris leg for security reasons, and once in protest in Paris.",
"title": "2008 Summer Olympics torch relay"
},
{
"idx": 9,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Minakulu is one of the sub-counties forming Oyam District in Northern Uganda. It is located west of Oyam town and south of Gulu town, about 20 kilometres from Oyam district headquarters and 32 kilometres from Gulu district headquarters.",
"title": "Minakulu"
},
{
"idx": 10,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Thailand: The April 18 relay through Bangkok was the Olympic flame's first visit to Thailand. The relay covered just over 10 km, and included Bangkok's Chinatown. The torch was carried past Democracy Monument, Chitralada Palace and a number of other city landmarks. M.R. Narisa Chakrabongse, Green World Foundation (GWF) chairwoman, withdrew from the torch-running ceremony, protesting against China's actions in Tibet. Several hundred protesters were present, along with Olympic supporters. Thai authorities threatened to arrest foreign protesters and ban them from future entry into Thailand. A coalition of Thai human rights groups announced that it would organise a \"small demonstration\" during the relay, and several hundred people did indeed take part in protests, facing Beijing supporters. Intended torchbearer Mom Rajawongse Narissara Chakrabongse boycotted the relay, to protest against China's actions in Tibet. In Bangkok, students told the media that the Chinese Embassy provided them with transportation and gave them shirts to wear.",
"title": "2008 Summer Olympics torch relay"
},
{
"idx": 11,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "The capital city of Windhoek plays a very important role in Namibia's tourism due to its central location and close proximity to Hosea Kutako International Airport. According to The Namibia Tourism Exit Survey, which was produced by the Millennium Challenge Corporation for the Namibian Directorate of Tourism, 56% of all tourists visiting Namibia during the time period, 2012 - 2013, visited Windhoek. Many of Namibia's tourism related parastatals and governing bodies such as Namibia Wildlife Resorts, Air Namibia and the Namibia Tourism Board as well as Namibia's tourism related trade associations such as the Hospitality Association of Namibia are also all headquartered in Windhoek. There are also a number of notable hotels in Windhoek such as Windhoek Country Club Resort and some international hotel chains also operate in Windhoek, such as Avani Hotels and Resorts and Hilton Hotels and Resorts.",
"title": "Namibia"
},
{
"idx": 12,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "The Olympic Torch is based on traditional scrolls and uses a traditional Chinese design known as \"Lucky Cloud\". It is made from aluminum. It is 72 centimetres high and weighs 985 grams. The torch is designed to remain lit in 65 kilometre per hour (37 mile per hour) winds, and in rain of up to 50 millimetres (2 inches) per hour. An ignition key is used to ignite and extinguish the flame. The torch is fueled by cans of propane. Each can will light the torch for 15 minutes. It is designed by a team from Lenovo Group. The Torch is designed in reference to the traditional Chinese concept of the 5 elements that make up the entire universe.",
"title": "2008 Summer Olympics torch relay"
},
{
"idx": 13,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Shariatpur Sadar () is an upazila of Shariatpur District in the Division of Dhaka, Bangladesh. Shariatpur Thana was converted into an upazila in 1984. The upazila takes its name from the district and the Bengali word \"sadar\" (headquarters). It is the subdistrict where the district headquarters, Shariatpur town, is located.",
"title": "Shariatpur Sadar Upazila"
},
{
"idx": 14,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "In November 1942, he was also appointed Supreme Commander Allied Expeditionary Force of the North African Theater of Operations (NATOUSA) through the new operational Headquarters Allied (Expeditionary) Force Headquarters (A(E)FHQ). The word \"expeditionary\" was dropped soon after his appointment for security reasons. The campaign in North Africa was designated Operation Torch and was planned underground within the Rock of Gibraltar. Eisenhower was the first non-British person to command Gibraltar in 200 years.",
"title": "Dwight D. Eisenhower"
},
{
"idx": 15,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "The 2018 Winter Olympics torch relay began 24 October 2017 and ended on 9 February 2018, in advance of the 2018 Winter Olympics. After being lit in Olympia, Greece, the torch traveled to Athens on 31 October. The torch began its Korean journey on 1 November, visiting all Regions of Korea. The Korean leg began in Incheon: the torch travelled across the country for 101 days. 7,500 relay runners participated in the torch relay over a distance of 2,017 km. The torchbearers each carried the flame for 200 metres. The relay ended in Pyeongchang's Olympic Stadium, the main venue of the 2018 Olympics. The final torch was lit by figure skater Yuna Kim.",
"title": "2018 Winter Olympics torch relay"
},
{
"idx": 16,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Ambit Energy is an International multi-level marketing company that provides electricity and natural gas services in energy markets in the U.S. that have been deregulated.The company's corporate headquarters are located in Dallas, Texas, and its operations/call center headquarters are located in Plano, Texas. Ambit Energy was founded in 2006 in Addison, Texas by Jere Thompson Jr. and Chris Chambless.",
"title": "Ambit Energy"
},
{
"idx": 17,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Massac Memorial Hospital is a 25-bed general medical and surgical hospital located in Metropolis, Illinois, United States. In 2011, the hospital had 1,002 admissions, 10,031 emergency department visits, and 25,365 outpatient visits.",
"title": "Massac Memorial Hospital"
},
{
"idx": 18,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Argentina: The torch relay leg in Buenos Aires, Argentina, held on April 11, began with an artistic show at the Lola Mora amphitheatre in Costanera Sur. In the end of the show the mayor of Buenos Aires Mauricio Macri gave the torch to the first torchbearer, Carlos Espínola. The leg finished at the Buenos Aires Riding Club in the Palermo district, the last torchbearer being Gabriela Sabatini. The 13.8 km route included landmarks like the obelisk and Plaza de Mayo. The day was marked by several pro-Tibet protests, which included a giant banner reading \"Free Tibet\", and an alternative \"human rights torch\" that was lit by protesters and paraded along the route the flame was to take. Most of these protests were peaceful in nature, and the torch was not impeded. Chinese immigrants also turned out in support of the Games, but only minor scuffles were reported between both groups. Runners surrounded by rows of security carried the Olympic flame past thousands of jubilant Argentines in the most trouble-free torch relay in nearly a week. People showered the parade route with confetti as banks, government offices and businesses took an impromptu half-day holiday for the only Latin American stop on the flame's five-continent journey.",
"title": "2008 Summer Olympics torch relay"
},
{
"idx": 19,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Pipra Nankar is a village situated in the Damkhauda Mandal of Bareilly District in Uttar Pradesh, India. It is located 2.273 kilometres from the mandal headquarters Damkhoda, and is 36.38 km far from the district headquarters in Bareilly.",
"title": "Pipra Nankar"
}
],
"question": "When did the torch visit the city where Religare is headquartered?",
"question_decomposition": [
{
"answer": "New Delhi",
"id": 236674,
"paragraph_support_idx": 4,
"question": "Religare >> headquarters location"
},
{
"answer": "April 17",
"id": 3752,
"paragraph_support_idx": 3,
"question": "When did the torch visit #1 ?"
}
]
} |
2hop__107249_159106 | In what year did the unification of the country of I Wanna Be a Model happen? | 1963 | [
"1963"
] | {
"answer": "1963",
"answer_aliases": [],
"answerable": true,
"id": "2hop__107249_159106",
"paragraphs": [
{
"idx": 0,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Stock trader and financial risk engineer Nassim Nicholas Taleb, author of the 2007 book The Black Swan, spent years warning against the breakdown of the banking system in particular and the economy in general owing to their use of bad risk models and reliance on forecasting, and their reliance on bad models, and framed the problem as part of \"robustness and fragility\". He also took action against the establishment view by making a big financial bet on banking stocks and making a fortune from the crisis (\"They didn't listen, so I took their money\"). According to David Brooks from the New York Times, \"Taleb not only has an explanation for what’s happening, he saw it coming.\"",
"title": "Tanzania"
},
{
"idx": 1,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "``I Wanna Talk About Me ''is a song written by Bobby Braddock and recorded by American country music artist Toby Keith. It was released in August 2001 as the second single from Keith's 2001 album Pull My Chain. The song was his seventh Number One single on the US Billboard Hot Country Singles & Tracks chart.",
"title": "I Wanna Talk About Me"
},
{
"idx": 2,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "During the following years Northumbria repeatedly changed hands between the English kings and the Norwegian invaders, but was definitively brought under English control by Eadred in 954, completing the unification of England. At about this time, Lothian, the northern part of Northumbria (Roman Bernicia), was ceded to the Kingdom of Scotland. On 12 July 927 the monarchs of Britain gathered at Eamont in Cumbria to recognise Æthelstan as king of the English. This can be considered England's' foundation date ', although the process of unification had taken almost 100 years.",
"title": "Kingdom of England"
},
{
"idx": 3,
"is_supporting": true,
"paragraph_text": "Malaysia has its origins in the Malay kingdoms which, from the 18th century, became subject to the British Empire, along with the British Straits Settlements protectorate. Peninsular Malaysia was unified as the Malayan Union in 1946. Malaya was restructured as the Federation of Malaya in 1948, and achieved independence on 31 August 1957. Malaya united with North Borneo, Sarawak, and Singapore on 16 September 1963 to become Malaysia. In 1965, Singapore was expelled from the federation.The country is multi-ethnic and multi-cultural, which plays a large role in its politics. About half the population is ethnically Malay, with large minorities of Malaysian Chinese, Malaysian Indians, and indigenous peoples. While recognising Islam as the country's established religion, the constitution grants freedom of religion to non-Muslims. The government system is closely modelled on the Westminster parliamentary system and the legal system is based on common law. The head of state is the king, known as the Yang di-Pertuan Agong. He is an elected monarch chosen from the hereditary rulers of the nine Malay states every five years. The head of government is the Prime Minister. The country's official language is Malaysian, a standard form of the Malay language. English remains an active second language.",
"title": "Malaysia"
},
{
"idx": 4,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "\"I Don't Wanna Cry\" is a song written and recorded by American country music artist Larry Gatlin. It was released in May 1977 as the second single from the album \"Love Is Just a Game\". The song reached number 3 on the \"Billboard\" Hot Country Singles & Tracks chart.",
"title": "I Don't Wanna Cry (Larry Gatlin song)"
},
{
"idx": 5,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Hecates Tholus is a Martian volcano, notable for results from the European Space Agency's Mars Express mission which indicate a major eruption took place 350 million years ago. The eruption created a caldera 10 km in diameter. It has been suggested that glacial deposits later partly filled the caldera and an adjacent depression. Crater counts indicate this happened as recently as 5 to 20 million years ago. However climate models show that ice is not stable at Hecates Tholus today, pointing to climate change since the glaciers were active. It has been shown that the age of the glaciers correspond to a period of increased obliquity of Mars' rotational axis.",
"title": "Hecates Tholus"
},
{
"idx": 6,
"is_supporting": true,
"paragraph_text": "I Wanna Be A Model (我要做 Model) is the Malaysian version of Make Me A Supermodel. The show is open to all Malaysians who can speak fluent Mandarin.",
"title": "I Wanna Be A Model"
},
{
"idx": 7,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "The election result led to a crisis for the POUM as well as for most parties to the left of the PCE, from which it was not able to recover. The POUM continued to exist as a small party with an office in Barcelona and a monthly newspaper, \"La Batalla\", calling for cooperation among the various far-left parties, but an attempted merger with Communist Action and the Collective for Marxist Unification failed during a \"Unification Congress\" in 1978. After this setback, the POUM decided not to participate in the 1979 elections. POUM branches in several cities became part of local coalitions and unification attempts with various far-left groups. In 1980, the POUM made its last electoral efforts, supporting Herri Batasuna in the Basque country and participating in the Left Bloc for National Liberation (BEAN - Unitat Popular) coalition in the Catalan parliamentary election, but the party was disintegrating. \"La Batalla\" ceased publication in May 1980, marking the end of the POUM as an organized party, though it was never officially dissolved. As a last remnant, the Valencia branch remained active until 1981.",
"title": "POUM"
},
{
"idx": 8,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Take Me to Your World / I Don't Wanna Play House is the second studio album by American country music singer-songwriter Tammy Wynette. It was released on January 22, 1968, by Epic Records.",
"title": "Take Me to Your World / I Don't Wanna Play House"
},
{
"idx": 9,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "\"A Woman in Love\" is a song written by Curtis Wright and Doug Millett, and recorded by American country music singer Ronnie Milsap. It was released in September 1989 as the third single from the album \"Stranger Things Have Happened\". It was his last song to reach number one on the U.S. country singles chart.",
"title": "A Woman in Love (Ronnie Milsap song)"
},
{
"idx": 10,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "The development of fundamental theories for forces proceeded along the lines of unification of disparate ideas. For example, Isaac Newton unified the force responsible for objects falling at the surface of the Earth with the force responsible for the orbits of celestial mechanics in his universal theory of gravitation. Michael Faraday and James Clerk Maxwell demonstrated that electric and magnetic forces were unified through one consistent theory of electromagnetism. In the 20th century, the development of quantum mechanics led to a modern understanding that the first three fundamental forces (all except gravity) are manifestations of matter (fermions) interacting by exchanging virtual particles called gauge bosons. This standard model of particle physics posits a similarity between the forces and led scientists to predict the unification of the weak and electromagnetic forces in electroweak theory subsequently confirmed by observation. The complete formulation of the standard model predicts an as yet unobserved Higgs mechanism, but observations such as neutrino oscillations indicate that the standard model is incomplete. A Grand Unified Theory allowing for the combination of the electroweak interaction with the strong force is held out as a possibility with candidate theories such as supersymmetry proposed to accommodate some of the outstanding unsolved problems in physics. Physicists are still attempting to develop self-consistent unification models that would combine all four fundamental interactions into a theory of everything. Einstein tried and failed at this endeavor, but currently the most popular approach to answering this question is string theory.:212–219",
"title": "Force"
},
{
"idx": 11,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "\"How Far Do You Wanna Go?\" is a song recorded by American country music group Gloriana, written by Danny Myrick, Jeffrey Steele and Matt Serletic. It was released in September 2009 as the second single from the band's self-titled debut album.",
"title": "How Far Do You Wanna Go?"
},
{
"idx": 12,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "``I Wanna Dance with Somebody (Who Loves Me) ''Single by Whitney Houston from the album Whitney B - side`` Moment of Truth'' Released May 2, 1987 (1987 - 05 - 02) Format CD single cassette single 7 ''single 12'' single Recorded October 1986 Genre Dance - pop R&B Length 4: 50 (album version) 8: 33 (12 ''remix) Label Arista Songwriter (s) George Merrill Shannon Rubicam Producer (s) Narada Michael Walden Whitney Houston singles chronology ``The Greatest Love of All'' (1986)`` I Wanna Dance with Somebody (Who Loves Me) ''(1987) ``Did n't We Almost Have It All'' (1987)`` The Greatest Love of All ''(1986) ``I Wanna Dance with Somebody (Who Loves Me)'' (1987)`` Did n't We Almost Have It All ''(1987) Whitney track listing ``I Wanna Dance With Somebody'' (1)`` Just the Lonely Talking Again ''(2) Music video ``I Wanna Dance With Somebody (Who Loves Me)'' on YouTube",
"title": "I Wanna Dance with Somebody (Who Loves Me)"
},
{
"idx": 13,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "In the United States, automobile model - year sales traditionally begin with the fourth quarter of the preceding year. So model year refers to the sales model year; for example, vehicles sold during the period from October 1 to September 30 of the following year belong to a single model year. In addition, the launch of the new model - year has long been coordinated to the launch of the traditional new television season (as defined by A.C. Nielsen) in late September, because of the heavy dependence between television to offer products from automakers to advertise, and the car companies to launch their new models at a high - profile time of year.",
"title": "Model year"
},
{
"idx": 14,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Hey, Little One is the eighth album by American singer-guitarist Glen Campbell, released in 1968 by Capitol Records. The single \"I Wanna Live\" became Campbell's first #1 hit on the country charts.",
"title": "Hey Little One"
},
{
"idx": 15,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "\"And It Feels Like\" was the first single from American country pop singer LeAnn Rimes' album \"Whatever We Wanna\". It was one of the only singles of her career not to be released in the United States.",
"title": "And It Feels Like"
},
{
"idx": 16,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Since 1998, Ford began to use the Ranger nameplate globally. The Ranger was discontinued in the United States and Canada for the 2011 model year, while sales of an updated version continued in international markets throughout the 2012 to 2018 model years. As of the 2019 model year, Ford will resume sales of the Ford Ranger in the United States and Canada.",
"title": "Ford Ranger"
},
{
"idx": 17,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Lila is the debut album of American country music singer Lila McCann. Released in 1997 on Asylum Records, the album produced four singles on the \"Billboard\" Hot Country Singles & Tracks (now Hot Country Songs) charts: \"Down Came a Blackbird\" (#28), \"I Wanna Fall in Love\" (#3, McCann's highest-charting single), a cover of Sheena Easton's \"Almost Over You\" (#42) and finally, \"Yippy Ky Yay\" (#63). The album itself has been certified platinum by the RIAA for U.S. shipments of one million copies, and it was the highest-selling debut album by a country artist in 1997.",
"title": "Lila (album)"
},
{
"idx": 18,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "\"Why Ya Wanna\" is a song recorded by American actress and country music artist Jana Kramer. It was released in January 2012 as the first single from her self-titled debut album, which was released on June 5. Three years later the song appeared as a bonus track on the Target Exclusive of her second studio album, \"Thirty One\". The song was written by Ashley Gorley, Catt Gravitt and Chris DeStefano.",
"title": "Why Ya Wanna"
},
{
"idx": 19,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "``I Wanna Talk About Me ''is a song written by Bobby Braddock and recorded by American country music artist Toby Keith. It was released in August 2001 as the second single from Keith's album Pull My Chain. The song was his seventh Number One single on the Billboard Hot Country Singles & Tracks charts.",
"title": "I Wanna Talk About Me"
}
],
"question": "In what year did the unification of the country of I Wanna Be a Model happen?",
"question_decomposition": [
{
"answer": "Malaysia",
"id": 107249,
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"question": "Which was the country for I Wanna Be A Model?"
},
{
"answer": "1963",
"id": 159106,
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"question": "In what year did the unification of #1 happen?"
}
]
} |
2hop__445544_127008 | When was the performer of From Mediterranea with Love established? | 1978 | [
"1978"
] | {
"answer": "1978",
"answer_aliases": [],
"answerable": true,
"id": "2hop__445544_127008",
"paragraphs": [
{
"idx": 0,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "``Through the Eyes of Love (Theme from Ice Castles) ''(sometimes incorrectly referred to as`` Looking Through the Eyes of Love''), is an Academy Award and Golden Globe Award - nominated ballad performed by American singer Melissa Manchester, from the soundtrack of the 1978 film Ice Castles.",
"title": "Through the Eyes of Love"
},
{
"idx": 1,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "``Love Is a Battlefield ''is a song performed by Pat Benatar, and written by Holly Knight and Mike Chapman. It was released in September 1983 as a single from Benatar's live album Live from Earth, though the song itself was a studio recording. The song was ranked at number 30 in VH1's list of the 100 Greatest Songs of the 1980s.`` Love is a Battlefield'' went on to sell over a million records.",
"title": "Love Is a Battlefield"
},
{
"idx": 2,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Sabrina Ouazani (born 6 December 1988) is a French actress of Algerian descent. She is best known for her performance as Frida in \"Games of Love and Chance\".",
"title": "Sabrina Ouazani"
},
{
"idx": 3,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "The Core (established 1999 in Trondheim, Norway) is a Norwegian Jazz band, known from a series of recordings. It was initiated by the drummer Espen Aalberg, and are performing music in the Coltrane/Shorter tradition.",
"title": "The Core (band)"
},
{
"idx": 4,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "``Loving You Has Made Me Bananas ''is a song composed and performed by Guy Marks. It parodies big band broadcasts of the era with absurd lyrics:",
"title": "Loving You Has Made Me Bananas"
},
{
"idx": 5,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "``A Man Without Love ''was the British entry in the Eurovision Song Contest 1966, performed in English by Kenneth McKellar.",
"title": "A Man Without Love"
},
{
"idx": 6,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "\"Three Times in Love\" is a song written by Tommy James and Ron Serota and performed by James. The song was James' first Top 40 hit in eight years. The song reached #1 on the adult contemporary chart, #19 on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100, #64 in Canada, and #93 on the U.S. country chart in 1980. It was featured on his 1979 album, \"Three Times in Love\".",
"title": "Three Times in Love"
},
{
"idx": 7,
"is_supporting": true,
"paragraph_text": "Duran Duran () are an English new wave band formed in Birmingham in 1978. The band were one of the most successful acts of the 1980s, but by the end of the decade, membership and music style changes challenged the band before a resurgence in the early 1990s. The group were a leading band in the MTV-driven Second British Invasion of the US in the 1980s. They achieved 14 singles in the top 10 of the UK Singles Chart and 21 in the US \"Billboard\" Hot 100, and have sold over 100 million records worldwide.",
"title": "Duran Duran"
},
{
"idx": 8,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "``Hey Ya! ''is a song written and produced by André 3000 for his 2003 album The Love Below, part of the hip hop duo OutKast's double album Speakerboxxx / The Love Below.`` Hey Ya!'' takes influence from funk, rap and rock music. Its music video features a live performance by a band, all eight of whose members are played by André 3000, that mimics the Beatles' 1964 performance on The Ed Sullivan Show. The song received praise from contemporary music critics, and won the award for Best Urban / Alternative Performance at the 46th Grammy Awards. His version of the song has also appeared on the soundtrack of Flight of the Phoenix (2004). The song was also featured on the 2004 compilation album Now That's What I Call Music! 16 and was performed at the 2004 Nickelodeon Kids' Choice Awards.",
"title": "Hey Ya!"
},
{
"idx": 9,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Albatrosh (established 2006 in Skien, Norway) is a Norwegian jazz duo performing their own musical compositions described as dense and dynamic.",
"title": "Albatrosh"
},
{
"idx": 10,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Love Is Eternal While It Lasts (, also known as \"Love Is Eternal, as Long as It Lasts\") is a 2004 Italian romantic comedy film written, directed and starred by Carlo Verdone. For her performance Laura Morante won the Nastro d'Argento for best actress.",
"title": "Love Is Eternal While It Lasts"
},
{
"idx": 11,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "\"Hou toch van mij\" (\"Do love me\") was the Belgian representative at the Eurovision Song Contest 1959, performed in Dutch by Bob Benny.",
"title": "Hou toch van mij"
},
{
"idx": 12,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "``(What Can I Say) To Make You Love Me ''is a song written by Jimmy Jam and Terry Lewis and recorded by American recording artist Alexander O'Neal. It is the fifth single from the singer's second solo album, Hearsay (1987). The song's distinctive backing vocals were performed by Lisa Keith. Following the successful chart performances of the Hearsay singles`` Fake'', ``Criticize '',`` Never Knew Love Like This'', and ``The Lovers '',`` (What Can I Say) To Make You Love Me'' was released as the album's fifth single.",
"title": "(What Can I Say) To Make You Love Me"
},
{
"idx": 13,
"is_supporting": true,
"paragraph_text": "From Mediterranea with Love is a Duran Duran 3-track EP, released as a download on iTunes for several European countries on 23 December 2010.",
"title": "From Mediterranea with Love"
},
{
"idx": 14,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "\"Promise Me, Love\" is a song written by Kay Thompson and performed by Andy Williams. The song reached #17 on the \"Billboard\" chart in 1958. Archie Bleyer's Orchestra played on the song.",
"title": "Promise Me, Love"
},
{
"idx": 15,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Beyoncé Giselle Knowles - Carter (/ biːˈjɒnseɪ /; born September 4, 1981) is an American singer, songwriter, actress, and businesswoman. Born and raised in Houston, Texas, Beyoncé performed in various singing and dancing competitions as a child. Beyoncé rose to fame in the late 1990s as lead singer of the R&B girl - group Destiny's Child. Managed by her father, Mathew Knowles, the group became one of the world's best - selling girl groups in history. Their hiatus saw Beyoncé's theatrical film debut in Austin Powers in Goldmember (2002) and the release of her debut album, Dangerously in Love (2003). The album established her as a solo artist worldwide, earned five Grammy Awards, and featured the Billboard Hot 100 number one singles ``Crazy in Love ''and`` Baby Boy''.",
"title": "Beyoncé"
},
{
"idx": 16,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Notes of Love (, , also known as \"The Word Love Exists\" and \"Love Notes\") is a 1998 Italian-French romance film directed by Mimmo Calopresti. For her performance Valeria Bruni Tedeschi won the David di Donatello Award for best actress. The film also won the Nastro d'Argento for best script and the Ciak d'oro for best supporting actress (to Marina Confalone).",
"title": "Notes of Love"
},
{
"idx": 17,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "The Grammy Award for Best Pop Solo Performance is an award presented at the Grammy Awards, a ceremony that was established in 1958 and originally called the Gramophone Awards. According to the 54th Grammy Awards description guide it is designed for solo performance pop recordings (vocal or instrumental) and is limited to singles or tracks only.",
"title": "Grammy Award for Best Pop Solo Performance"
},
{
"idx": 18,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "\"Let There Be Love\" was an album of songs recorded by Joni James as airchecks, released by Jasmine Records on March 1, 1993. While many of the songs included on the album were hits for Joni James in the 1950s, these are different performances.",
"title": "Let There Be Love (1993 Joni James album)"
},
{
"idx": 19,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "\"The Ones You Love\" is a pop song performed by English singer Rick Astley and written by Dave West and himself. It was produced by Gary Stevenson and Rick. The song was recorded for Astley's fourth album, \"Body & Soul\".",
"title": "The Ones You Love"
}
],
"question": "When was the performer of From Mediterranea with Love established?",
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"answer": "Duran Duran",
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"answer": "1978",
"id": 127008,
"paragraph_support_idx": 7,
"question": "When was #1 established?"
}
]
} |
2hop__852082_259429 | Which region is Francis Raymond Shea's residence city located? | Knox County | [
"Knox County"
] | {
"answer": "Knox County",
"answer_aliases": [],
"answerable": true,
"id": "2hop__852082_259429",
"paragraphs": [
{
"idx": 0,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Beauty and the Breast () is a 2002 Hong Kong comedy film directed by Raymond Yip, and starring Francis Ng, Michelle Reis and Daniel Wu.",
"title": "Beauty and the Breast"
},
{
"idx": 1,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "The Arrondissement of Mechelen (; ) is one of the three administrative arrondissements in the Province of Antwerp, Belgium. It is both an administrative and a judicial arrondissement, as the territory for both coincides.",
"title": "Arrondissement of Mechelen"
},
{
"idx": 2,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "The Compacts of Free Association between the United States, the Federated States of Micronesia, the Republic of the Marshall Islands and the Republic of Palau accorded the former entities of the Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands a political status of \"free association\" with the United States. The Compacts give citizens of these island nations generally no restrictions to reside in the United States (also its territories), and many were attracted to Guam due to its proximity, environmental, and cultural familiarity. Over the years, it was claimed by some in Guam that the territory has had to bear the brunt of this agreement in the form of public assistance programs and public education for those from the regions involved, and the federal government should compensate the states and territories affected by this type of migration.[citation needed] Over the years, Congress had appropriated \"Compact Impact\" aids to Guam, the Northern Mariana Islands and Hawaii, and eventually this appropriation was written into each renewed Compact. Some, however, continue to claim the compensation is not enough or that the distribution of actual compensation received is significantly disproportionate.[citation needed]",
"title": "Guam"
},
{
"idx": 3,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Charles Edward Herbert (12 June 1860 – 21 January 1929) was an Australian politician and judge. He was a member of the South Australian House of Assembly from 1900 to 1905, representing the electorate of Northern Territory. He was Government Resident of the Northern Territory from 1905 to 1910. He was then deputy chief judicial officer of the Territory of Papua (later Judge of the Central Court of Papua) from 1910 to 1928. This role saw him serve for extended periods on the Executive Council of Papua, and act as its Administrator and Lieutenant-Governor. During this period, he served as an acting judge of the Supreme Court of the Northern Territory in 1921. He was appointed Administrator of Norfolk Island in 1928, holding the position until his death in 1929.",
"title": "Charles Edward Herbert"
},
{
"idx": 4,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Richard Thomas Shea, Jr. (January 3, 1927 – July 8, 1953) was a soldier in the United States Army in the Korean War. He was listed as missing in action on July 8, 1953 during the Second Battle of Pork Chop Hill, and was later declared killed in action. Lt. Shea received the Medal of Honor posthumously. In 1987, Shea was inducted into the Virginia Sports Hall of Fame.",
"title": "Richard Thomas Shea"
},
{
"idx": 5,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Francis Burt (January 13, 1807 – October 18, 1854) was an American politician from South Carolina who served as the first Governor of Nebraska Territory.",
"title": "Francis Burt (Nebraska)"
},
{
"idx": 6,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "The Last Conflict is a 1988 Hong Kong action crime thriller television film produced by TVB directed by Raymond Lee and starring Donnie Yen, Adia Chan, Francis Ng, Stephen Chow, Lau Kong and Andy Tai.",
"title": "The Last Conflict"
},
{
"idx": 7,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Vilnius County () is the largest of the 10 counties of Lithuania, located in the east of the country around the city Vilnius. On 1 July 2010, the county administration was abolished, and since that date, Vilnius County remains as the territorial and statistical unit.",
"title": "Vilnius County"
},
{
"idx": 8,
"is_supporting": true,
"paragraph_text": "Shea was born in Knoxville, Tennessee on December 4, 1913. He was ordained a priest on March 19, 1939 and served in a number of assignments around Tennessee over the next three decades. He was named a Monsignor in 1967. On December 1, 1969, he was appointed to the Diocese of Evansville and consecrated Bishop on February 3, 1970. Bishop Shea retired March 11, 1989 and died August 18, 1994.",
"title": "Francis Raymond Shea"
},
{
"idx": 9,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Biysky District () is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the fifty-nine in Altai Krai, Russia. It is located in the east of the krai and borders with Zonalny, Tselinny, Soltonsky, Krasnogorsky, Sovetsky, and Smolensky Districts, as well as with the territory of the City of Biysk. The area of the district is . Its administrative center is the city of Biysk (which is not administratively a part of the district). District's population:",
"title": "Biysky District"
},
{
"idx": 10,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Paea is a commune in the suburbs of Papeete in French Polynesia, an overseas territory of France in the southern Pacific Ocean. Paea is located on the island of Tahiti, in the administrative subdivision of the Windward Islands, themselves part of the Society Islands. At the 2017 census it had a population of 13,021.",
"title": "Paea"
},
{
"idx": 11,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "OSF Saint Francis Medical Center, located in Peoria, Illinois, United States, is a teaching hospital for the University of Illinois College of Medicine at Peoria and part of the OSF Healthcare System. The Center, which is the largest hospital in the Peoria metropolitan area and in central Illinois, is designated by the state of Illinois as the Level I adult and pediatric regional trauma center for a 26-county region in mid-Illinois. OSF Saint Francis owns the Children's Hospital of Illinois (though the Hospital has its own President), the OSF Saint Francis Heart Hospital, the Illinois Neurological Institute, and the OSF Saint Francis Medical Center College of Nursing, which are all located either in or near the Medical Center. The hospital is a clinical training hospital for many medical students, interns, residents, and fellows of the Peoria campus of the University of Illinois College of Medicine.",
"title": "OSF Saint Francis Medical Center"
},
{
"idx": 12,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Bogotá (/ ˈboʊɡətɑː /, / ˌbɒɡəˈtɑː /, / ˌboʊ - /; Spanish pronunciation: (boɣoˈta) (listen)), officially Bogotá, Distrito Capital, abbreviated Bogotá, D.C., and formerly known as Santafé de Bogotá between 1991 and 2000, is the capital and largest city of Colombia, administered as the Capital District, although often thought of as part of Cundinamarca. Bogotá is a territorial entity of the first order, with the same administrative status as the departments of Colombia. It is the political, economic, administrative, industrial, artistic, cultural, and sports center of the country.",
"title": "Bogotá"
},
{
"idx": 13,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Ap Lo Chun () is a small island in the New Territories of Hong Kong. It is located in Ap Chau Bay () between Ap Chau in the east and Sai Ap Chau in the west, with the islet of Ap Tan Pai nearby in the northeast. It is under the administration of North District.",
"title": "Ap Lo Chun"
},
{
"idx": 14,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "A union territory is a type of administrative division in the Republic of India. Unlike states, which have their own elected governments, union territories are ruled directly by the Union Government (central government), hence the name ``union territory ''. Union territories in India qualify as federal territories, by definition.",
"title": "Union territory"
},
{
"idx": 15,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Khabarovsky District () is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the seventeen in Khabarovsk Krai, Russia. It consists of two unconnected segments separated by the territory of Amursky District, which are located in the southwest of the krai. The area of the district is . Its administrative center is the city of Khabarovsk (which is not administratively a part of the district). Population:",
"title": "Khabarovsky District"
},
{
"idx": 16,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Francis Babington D.D. (also Babbington, died 1569) was an English divine and an academic administrator at the University of Oxford.",
"title": "Francis Babington"
},
{
"idx": 17,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Through the Missouri Compromise of 1820, Congress kept a tenuous balance of political power between North and South. In May 1854, the Kansas -- Nebraska Act, created from unorganized Indian lands and territories of Kansas and Nebraska, permitted residency by U.S. citizens, who were to determine their state's slavery status and seek admission to the Union. Immigrants supporting both sides of the question arrived in Kansas to establish residency and gain the right to vote. However, Kansas Territory officials were appointed (1854) by the pro-slavery administration of President Franklin Pierce (in office 1853 -- 1857), and thousands of non-resident pro-slavery Missourians entered Kansas with the goal of winning elections. They captured territorial elections, sometimes by fraud and intimidation. In response, Northern abolitionist elements flooded Kansas with ``free - soilers. ''Anti-slavery Kansas residents wrote the first Kansas Constitution (1855) and elected the Free State legislature in Topeka; this stood in opposition to the pro-slavery government in Lecompton. The two Territorial governments increased as well as symbolized the strife of Bleeding Kansas.",
"title": "Bleeding Kansas"
},
{
"idx": 18,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "The ZEC Bras-Coupé-Desert is a \"zone d'exploitation contrôlée\" (controlled harvesting zone) (ZEC), located in the unorganized territory of Lac-Pythonga in La Vallée-de-la-Gatineau Regional County Municipality, in the administrative region of Outaouais, in Quebec, in Canada.",
"title": "Zec Bras-Coupé–Désert"
},
{
"idx": 19,
"is_supporting": true,
"paragraph_text": "The Knoxville City-County Building is a building at 400 Main Street in Knoxville, Tennessee that houses the offices of the city government of Knoxville and the county government of Knox County, Tennessee. It also houses the Knox County Jail. The building stands ten stories, and contains of office space. At the time it was built it was said to be the largest office building in Tennessee.",
"title": "Knoxville City-County Building"
}
],
"question": "Which region is Francis Raymond Shea's residence city located?",
"question_decomposition": [
{
"answer": "Knoxville",
"id": 852082,
"paragraph_support_idx": 8,
"question": "Francis Raymond Shea >> residence"
},
{
"answer": "Knox County",
"id": 259429,
"paragraph_support_idx": 19,
"question": "#1 >> located in the administrative territorial entity"
}
]
} |
2hop__646278_3430 | What show helped launch the career of the See You Again performer? | American Idol | [
"American Idol"
] | {
"answer": "American Idol",
"answer_aliases": [],
"answerable": true,
"id": "2hop__646278_3430",
"paragraphs": [
{
"idx": 0,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Akademi Fantasia (commonly abbreviated as AF) is Malaysia's first reality television show in which a number of contestants called students compete for the winning title and a chance to start their career in the entertainment industry. The first season premiered on 3 June 2003 and was one of Astro Ria's highest rated shows. The theme song entitled \"Menuju Puncak\" was performed by Juwita Suwito, who is the sister of the composer, Aubrey Suwito.",
"title": "Akademi Fantasia"
},
{
"idx": 1,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "On August 17, 2017, Bieber released the single ``Friends ''with American record producer and songwriter BloodPop. Songwriters Julia Michaels and Justin Tranter reunited with Bieber to construct the song, just as they helped create his single`` Sorry'' in 2015 on his studio album Purpose. Bieber did not attend the 2018 Grammy Awards Show to perform the nominated song ``Despacito '', claiming that he would not make any award show appearances until his next album was finished.",
"title": "Justin Bieber"
},
{
"idx": 2,
"is_supporting": true,
"paragraph_text": "As one of the most successful shows on U.S. television history, American Idol has a strong impact not just on television, but also in the wider world of entertainment. It helped create a number of highly successful recording artists, such as Kelly Clarkson, Daughtry and Carrie Underwood, as well as others of varying notability.",
"title": "American Idol"
},
{
"idx": 3,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Featured throughout the 1944 movie also titled I'll Be Seeing You, starring Ginger Rogers and Joseph Cotten (when it was performed by the off - screen voice of Louanne Hogan), the recording by Bing Crosby became a hit that year, reaching number one for the week of July 1. Later the song became notably associated with Liberace, as the theme music to his television show of the 1950s.",
"title": "I'll Be Seeing You (song)"
},
{
"idx": 4,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "The Garry Moore Show is the name for several separate American variety series on the CBS television network in the 1950s and 1960s. Hosted by experienced radio performer Garry Moore, the series helped launch the careers of many comedic talents, such as Dorothy Loudon, Don Adams, George Gobel, Carol Burnett, Don Knotts, Lee Goodman, James Kirkwood, Jr., and Jonathan Winters. \"The Garry Moore Show\" garnered a number of Emmy nominations and wins.",
"title": "The Garry Moore Show"
},
{
"idx": 5,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Performance optimizations were made in order to speed up common tasks across all supported iOS devices. Tests done by Apple on an iPhone 6 Plus showed apps launching 40 percent faster, the system keyboard activating 50 percent faster, and the camera opening 70 percent faster.",
"title": "IOS 12"
},
{
"idx": 6,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "The series had its original run from July 1, 1992 to January 1, 1997. Simmons was inspired to make Def Comedy Jam by Jerry Lewis' movie The Nutty Professor. The show returned on HBO's fall lineup in 2006. Def Comedy Jam helped to launch the careers of several African - American stand - up comedians.",
"title": "Def Comedy Jam"
},
{
"idx": 7,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Ang Bagong Kampeon () was a nationally televised amateur singing contest that aired on Radio Philippines Network (Solar TV) in the Philippines. It was hosted by Bert Marcelo and Pilita Corrales. The television show has launched the careers of several successful singers, notably, Regine Velasquez and Donna Cruz.",
"title": "Ang Bagong Kampeon"
},
{
"idx": 8,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Drawing from his own experiences in Scouting, Spielberg helped the Boy Scouts of America develop a merit badge in cinematography in order to help promote filmmaking as a marketable skill. The badge was launched at the 1989 National Scout Jamboree, which Spielberg attended, and where he personally counseled many boys in their work on requirements. That same year, 1989, saw the release of Indiana Jones and the Last Crusade. The opening scene shows a teenage Indiana Jones in scout uniform bearing the rank of a Life Scout. Spielberg stated he made Indiana Jones a Boy Scout in honor of his experience in Scouting. For his career accomplishments, service to others, and dedication to a new merit badge Spielberg was awarded the Distinguished Eagle Scout Award.",
"title": "Steven Spielberg"
},
{
"idx": 9,
"is_supporting": true,
"paragraph_text": "See You Again is a power ballad song released by American country music recording artist Carrie Underwood. It was written by Underwood, Hillary Lindsey, and David Hodges. It was released as the fourth and final single from Underwood's fourth studio album, \"Blown Away\", on April 15, 2013. Underwood announced the single on her official Twitter account.",
"title": "See You Again (Carrie Underwood song)"
},
{
"idx": 10,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "TDRS-11 was launched at 01:48 UTC on 31 January 2013, at the beginning of a 40-minute launch window. United Launch Alliance performed the launch using an Atlas V carrier rocket, tail number AV-036, flying in the 401 configuration. Liftoff occurred from Space Launch Complex 41 at the Cape Canaveral Air Force Station, and the rocket placed its payload into a geostationary transfer orbit.",
"title": "TDRS-11"
},
{
"idx": 11,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "When the Harveys arrive at the island, they discover that the yacht, the \"Wanderer\", is in terrible condition. Upon hearing this, the yacht broker cancels his plan to send an experienced captain to help them sail it to Miami, and instead hires a local sailor, Captain Ron Rico, a one-eyed man with a very laid back attitude, and Navy veteran who claims to have piloted the USS \"Saratoga\". He launches immediately when he sees the car he arrived in roll off the dock and sink. Its owner arrives at the dock and shoots at him.",
"title": "Captain Ron"
},
{
"idx": 12,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Bobby Lounge (born Dub Brock, 1950) is an American singer-songwriter from McComb, Mississippi, United States. Lounge began playing for house parties while attending Louisiana Tech University in northern Louisiana in the mid 1970s. In the 1980s, Lounge played a handful of shows at Ruby's Roadhouse in Mandeville, Louisiana. He stopped playing professionally for many years while he battled Chronic Fatigue Syndrome. He launched a comeback from a short lived career when he appeared on stage at the 2005 New Orleans Jazz and Heritage Festival, Tipitina's, and the New Orleans House of Blues. That performance was enthusiastically received and subsequently glowing reviews appeared in \"Rolling Stone\", \"The New York Times\", \"Living Blues\", \"Blues Review\", \"Down Beat\", \"USA Today\" and other magazines and newspapers.",
"title": "Bobby Lounge"
},
{
"idx": 13,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Talang, formerly named Talang Sverige (; English: \"Talent Sweden\") in 2014, is the Swedish version of the \"Got Talent\" series show where singers, dancers, comedians, variety acts and other performers compete against each other for audience support and the prize money (1 million SEK in 2007 and since 2014; 500,000 SEK between 2008–2011). The show was broadcast for five seasons on TV4, between 2007–2011, before TV4 put the show on indefinite hiatus. Two years later, on 19 June 2013, TV3 announced that they had acquired the rights for the show and would re-launch the show in spring 2014 under the name \"Talang Sverige\". After 4 years, in 2017, TV4 acquired the rights for the show once again and re-launched the show under the name \"Talang\", without the year behind.",
"title": "Talang (Swedish TV series)"
},
{
"idx": 14,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Some of the most prominent figures in 20th-century British broadcasting helped to create \"World in Action\", in particular Tim Hewat, \"the maverick genius of Granada's current affairs in its formative years\", and David Plowright: but also Jeremy Isaacs, Michael Parkinson, John Birt and Gus Macdonald and its most long-serving executive-producer, Ray Fitzwalter. The series developed the skills of generations of journalists and, in particular, film-makers. Michael Apted worked on the original \"Seven Up!\". Paul Greengrass, who spent 10 years on \"World in Action\", told the BBC: \"My first dream was to work on \"World In Action\", to be honest. It was that wonderful eclectic mixture of filmmaking and reportage. That was my training ground. It showed me the world and made me see many things.\" He later told \"The Guardian\": \"If there's a thread running through my career it's \"World in Action\" – the phrase as well as the programme.\"",
"title": "World in Action"
},
{
"idx": 15,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Raymond Wallace Bolger (January 10, 1904 -- January 15, 1987) was an American film actor, vaudevillian, TV presenter, singer, dancer (particularly of tap) and stage performer (particularly musical theatre) who started in the silent film era. He was a major Broadway performer in the 1930s and beyond (see below). He is best known for his portrayal of farm worker Hunk and the Scarecrow in MGM's classic The Wizard of Oz (1939). He was also the host of his eponymous television show, The Ray Bolger Show.",
"title": "Ray Bolger"
},
{
"idx": 16,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Viva La Bam is an American reality television series that starred Bam Margera and his friends and family. The show was a spin-off from MTV's \"Jackass\", in which Margera and most of the main cast had appeared. Each episode had a specific theme, mission, or challenge which was normally accomplished by performing pranks, skateboarding, and enlisting the help of friends, relations and experts. Although partly improvised, the show was supported by a greater degree of planning and organization.",
"title": "Viva La Bam"
},
{
"idx": 17,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "To instill gratitude in Shakira for her upbringing, her father took her to a local park to see orphans who lived there. The images stayed with her, and she said to herself: \"One day I'm going to help these kids when I become a famous artist.\"Between the ages of 10 and 13, Shakira was invited to various events in Barranquilla and gained some recognition in the area. It was at this approximate time that she met local theater producer Monica Ariza, who was impressed with her and as a result tried to help her career. During a flight from Barranquilla to Bogotá, Ariza convinced Sony Colombia executive Ciro Vargas to hold an audition for Shakira in a hotel lobby. Vargas held Shakira in high regard and, returning to the Sony office, gave the cassette to a song and artist director. However, the director was not overly excited and thought Shakira was something of \"a lost cause\". Undaunted and still convinced that Shakira had talent, Vargas set up an audition in Bogotá. He arranged for Sony Colombia executives to arrive at the audition, with the idea of surprising them with Shakira's performance. She performed three songs for the executives and impressed them enough for her to be signed to record three albums.",
"title": "Shakira"
},
{
"idx": 18,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Cigarettes & Coffee is a 1993 short film written and directed by Paul Thomas Anderson, starring Philip Baker Hall. It tells the story of five people connected through a twenty-dollar bill. The film helped launch the career of Anderson and was used as a basis for his first feature film, \"Hard Eight\" (1996).",
"title": "Cigarettes & Coffee"
},
{
"idx": 19,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Colin Reid is an acoustic guitarist from Belfast, Northern Ireland. He launched his solo career in 1997 after supporting performances with other leading musicians such as Brian Kennedy and Waterson–Carthy. He was a guitar teacher for many years and formalised his skills at the Musicians Institute of Technology. He has run guitar courses in the Crescent Arts Centre in the past.",
"title": "Colin Reid"
}
],
"question": "What show helped launch the career of the See You Again performer?",
"question_decomposition": [
{
"answer": "Carrie Underwood",
"id": 646278,
"paragraph_support_idx": 9,
"question": "See You Again >> performer"
},
{
"answer": "American Idol",
"id": 3430,
"paragraph_support_idx": 2,
"question": "What show helped launched the career of #1 ?"
}
]
} |
2hop__718175_127255 | When was the inception of the record label which released W? | 2001 | [
"2001"
] | {
"answer": "2001",
"answer_aliases": [],
"answerable": true,
"id": "2hop__718175_127255",
"paragraphs": [
{
"idx": 0,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Cari Lekebusch (born 1972) is a Swedish electronic music producer and DJ based in Stockholm. His productions range from techno to hip hop. He owns a record label, H. Productions, founded and managed by himself. The original name of the record label was Hybrid productions, but a legal twist in 1998 with the Japanese label Avex Trax's British group Hybrid forced Lekebusch to change his record label name to its present name. His studio is called HP HQ (Hybrid production Headquarters).",
"title": "Cari Lekebusch"
},
{
"idx": 1,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Rama Records was a record label founded by George Goldner in 1953 in New York City. It recorded doo-wop groups such as The Crows and The Harptones.",
"title": "Rama Records"
},
{
"idx": 2,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Suburban Sprawl Music is an American independent record label founded in 1999 in Livonia, Michigan. The label was started by Erik Koppin, who managed the label from 1999 until 2004, when the label roster decided to run Suburban Sprawl collectively. Since 2004, operations have been handled by roughly 20 individuals, ranging from label band members to friends of Suburban Sprawl. A post office box is maintained in Livonia, and records are kept in Ann Arbor. In December 2007, Suburban Sprawl merged with Ann Arbor multimedia company, Quack!Media, and consequently is now based in Ann Arbor. Contributions to the label come from individuals in various Michigan locales, including Mount Pleasant, Lansing, and Metro Detroit in general. Suburban Sprawl artists have been actively touring the United States since the label's inception.",
"title": "Suburban Sprawl Music"
},
{
"idx": 3,
"is_supporting": true,
"paragraph_text": "W is the second solo studio album by English recording artist Planningtorock, released on 23 May 2011 by Rostron Records and DFA Records.",
"title": "W (Planningtorock album)"
},
{
"idx": 4,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "The Union Trade is an American Indie rock band formed in San Francisco, California, in 2006. An early and leading member of the Bay Area post-rock scene, The Union Trade is also the founding band of San Francisco independent music label, Tricycle Records. Since its inception, the band's line-up has included Nate Munger (lead vocals, bass), Don Joslin (guitar), and Eric Salk (vocals, guitar, keys). The founding drummer was Dan Rodkewich. The band's current drummer, Eitan Anzenberg, has been with the band since 2012.",
"title": "The Union Trade"
},
{
"idx": 5,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Both Feet on the Ground is an album by guitarist Kenny Burrell recorded in 1973 and released on the Fantasy Records label.",
"title": "Both Feet on the Ground"
},
{
"idx": 6,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "In the Flat Field is the debut studio album by English post-punk band Bauhaus. It was recorded between December 1979 and July 1980, and was released on 3 November 1980 by record label 4AD, the first full-length release on that label.",
"title": "In the Flat Field"
},
{
"idx": 7,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Skate Board Park is a jazz album by Joe Farrell on the Xanadu Records label. It was recorded in January 1979.",
"title": "Skate Board Park"
},
{
"idx": 8,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Sire Records is an American record label that is owned by Warner Music Group and distributed by Warner Records (formerly called Warner Bros. Records).",
"title": "Sire Records"
},
{
"idx": 9,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Odyssey is an album by American guitarist James Blood Ulmer, recorded in 1983 and released on the Columbia label. It was Ulmer's final of three albums recorded for a major label. The musicians on this album later re-united as The Odyssey Band and Odyssey The Band.",
"title": "Odyssey (James Blood Ulmer album)"
},
{
"idx": 10,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Nick Records (also known as Nickelodeon Records or Nick Music) is the record label for the children's television channel Nickelodeon. The label featured new and emerging young musical artists, \"triple threat\" singers who would also act and dance on the network's series, and soundtrack and compilations based on Nickelodeon TV shows.",
"title": "Nick Records"
},
{
"idx": 11,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "The Cancer Empire is the second major label release by Swedish metal band Zonaria and the first to be released on their new label, Century Media Records. It was recorded at Studio Fredman with Fredrik Nordström. Commented singer Simon Berglund:",
"title": "The Cancer Empire"
},
{
"idx": 12,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Unwed Sailor is an American, mostly instrumental band, formed in 1998 by Johnathon Ford, with recordings that range from instrumental rock to ambient drones. The band's touring and recording lineups have largely been in rotation over the years, with the core member being bassist Ford. Unwed Sailor has consistently toured throughout the United States and Europe since its inception in 1998.",
"title": "Unwed Sailor"
},
{
"idx": 13,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Take Offs and Landings is Rilo Kiley's debut full-length album, originally released in 2001 under the vanity label \"Rilo Records,\" then shortly thereafter on the independent label Barsuk Records. It was released for the first time on vinyl on March 15, 2011.",
"title": "Take Offs and Landings"
},
{
"idx": 14,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Kristallnacht is an album by John Zorn first released in 1993 on the Japanese Eva label and subsequently in 1995 on Zorn's own Tzadik Records label.",
"title": "Kristallnacht (album)"
},
{
"idx": 15,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Em:t Records (Emit Records) was a British record label, based in Nottingham, which specialized in ambient electronic music. They were active from 1994 to 1998, and after a period of bankruptcy, re-established themselves in 2003 under new ownership and management. In summer 2006, the label officially ceased operations again.",
"title": "Em:t Records"
},
{
"idx": 16,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Filmworks 1986–1990 features the first released film scores of John Zorn. The album was originally released on the Japanese labels Wave and Eva in 1990, on the Nonesuch Records label in 1992, and subsequently re-released on Zorn's own label, Tzadik Records, in 1997 after being out of print for several years.",
"title": "Filmworks 1986–1990"
},
{
"idx": 17,
"is_supporting": true,
"paragraph_text": "DFA Records is an American independent record label founded in 2001 by Mo' Wax co-founder Tim Goldsworthy, musician James Murphy, and manager Jonathan Galkin. They previously had a production team called The DFA, consisting of Goldsworthy and Murphy.",
"title": "DFA Records"
},
{
"idx": 18,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Illegal Records was an independent record label, founded by Miles Copeland III with his younger brother Stewart Copeland and the manager of The Police, Paul Mulligan in 1977. The label released The Police's debut single, \"Fall Out\".",
"title": "Illegal Records"
},
{
"idx": 19,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Springman Records is an independent record label founded in 1998 by Avi Ehrlich that was run out of his parents' garage in Cupertino, California, until late 2005, when Ehrlich moved the label to Sacramento. The label's official slogan is \"Friendly Punks\" though many other styles of music appear on the label, such as indie rock, rockabilly, ska, folk music, pop punk, and hardcore.",
"title": "Springman Records"
}
],
"question": "When was the inception of the record label which released W?",
"question_decomposition": [
{
"answer": "DFA Records",
"id": 718175,
"paragraph_support_idx": 3,
"question": "W >> record label"
},
{
"answer": "2001",
"id": 127255,
"paragraph_support_idx": 17,
"question": "When was the inception of #1 ?"
}
]
} |
2hop__136763_79233 | When was the city where the television show Sliders was filmed founded? | June 29, 1776 | [
"June 29, 1776"
] | {
"answer": "June 29, 1776",
"answer_aliases": [],
"answerable": true,
"id": "2hop__136763_79233",
"paragraphs": [
{
"idx": 0,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Olympian Village is a city in Jefferson County, Missouri, United States. The population was 774 at the 2010 census. The city was named in honor of Greek myth and culture. Some street names include Parthenon Drive, Kronos Drive, Hercules Place, Plato Place and Pheidippides Place.",
"title": "Olympian Village, Missouri"
},
{
"idx": 1,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Most of the cuisines found in Kathmandu are non-vegetarian. However, the practice of vegetarianism is not uncommon, and vegetarian cuisines can be found throughout the city. Consumption of beef is very uncommon and considered taboo in many places. Buff (meat of water buffalo) is very common. There is a strong tradition of buff consumption in Kathmandu, especially among Newars, which is not found in other parts of Nepal. Consumption of pork was considered taboo until a few decades ago. Due to the intermixing with Kirat cuisine from eastern Nepal, pork has found a place in Kathmandu dishes. A fringe population of devout Hindus and Muslims consider it taboo. The Muslims forbid eating buff as from Quran while Hindus eat all varieties except Cow's meat as the consider Cow to be a goddess and symbol of purity. The chief breakfast for locals and visitors is mostly Momo or Chowmein.",
"title": "Kathmandu"
},
{
"idx": 2,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Courtship and mating activities for red - eared sliders usually occur between March and July, and take place under water. During courtship, the male swims around the female and flutters or vibrates the back side of his long claws on and around her face and head, possibly to direct pheromones towards her. The female swims toward the male and, if she is receptive, sinks to the bottom for mating. If the female is not receptive, she may become aggressive towards the male. Courtship can last 45 minutes, but mating takes only 10 minutes.",
"title": "Red-eared slider"
},
{
"idx": 3,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "In 2004, the first confirmed sighting of a wolverine in Michigan since the early 19th century took place, when a Michigan Department of Natural Resources wildlife biologist photographed a wolverine in Ubly, Michigan. The specimen was found dead at the Minden City State Game Area in Sanilac County, Michigan in 2010; no further wolverines have been spotted in Michigan.",
"title": "Wolverine"
},
{
"idx": 4,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Trick'N Snowboarder, known in Japan as , is a snowboarding sports video game published by Capcom in 1999. It is the follow-up to Cave's previous snowboarding game, \"Steep Slope Sliders\". Unlike its predecessor, which was released into arcades, \"Trick'N Snowboarder\" is a console exclusive title.",
"title": "Trick'N Snowboarder"
},
{
"idx": 5,
"is_supporting": true,
"paragraph_text": "San Francisco was founded on June 29, 1776, when colonists from Spain established Presidio of San Francisco at the Golden Gate and Mission San Francisco de Asís a few miles away, all named for St. Francis of Assisi. The California Gold Rush of 1849 brought rapid growth, making it the largest city on the West Coast at the time. San Francisco became a consolidated city - county in 1856. After three - quarters of the city was destroyed by the 1906 earthquake and fire, San Francisco was quickly rebuilt, hosting the Panama - Pacific International Exposition nine years later. In World War II, San Francisco was a major port of embarkation for service members shipping out to the Pacific Theater. It then became the birthplace of the United Nations in 1945. After the war, the confluence of returning servicemen, massive immigration, liberalizing attitudes, along with the rise of the ``hippie ''counterculture, the Sexual Revolution, the Peace Movement growing from opposition to United States involvement in the Vietnam War, and other factors led to the Summer of Love and the gay rights movement, cementing San Francisco as a center of liberal activism in the United States. Politically, the city votes strongly along liberal Democratic Party lines.",
"title": "San Francisco"
},
{
"idx": 6,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Preston is a city in Pratt County, Kansas, United States. As of the 2010 census, the city population was 158. Preston was founded in 1887.",
"title": "Preston, Kansas"
},
{
"idx": 7,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Lorimor is a city in Union County, Iowa, United States. The population was 360 at the 2010 census. Lorimor was founded by J.S. Lorimor who was given the honor of renaming the city, when the town grew after he gave land to the railroads as they traveled through town, in return for the railroad placing a water stop in the town. With the business from the Railroads, and his farm of bluegrass seed, the town was quite successful in its early years.",
"title": "Lorimor, Iowa"
},
{
"idx": 8,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Miami City Ballet is an American ballet company based in Miami Beach, Florida, led by artistic director Lourdes Lopez. MCB was founded in 1985 by Toby Lerner Ansin, a Miami philanthropist. Ansin and the founding board hired Edward Villella, former New York City Ballet principal dancer to be the founding artistic director.",
"title": "Miami City Ballet"
},
{
"idx": 9,
"is_supporting": true,
"paragraph_text": "\"Double Cross\" was filmed as the premiere for season three. In this episode, the audience learns why the Sliders will now be able to slide anywhere between San Francisco and L.A. Fox opted to air \"Rules of the Game\" first, since it was a more action-oriented episode.",
"title": "Sliders"
},
{
"idx": 10,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Brad Martin Hennessey (born February 7, 1980) is a former American professional baseball pitcher for the San Francisco Giants of Major League Baseball. He stands tall and weighs . He played for the Giants from 2004–08 and threw five pitches: a fastball, a slider, a changeup, a curveball, and a cutter.",
"title": "Brad Hennessey"
},
{
"idx": 11,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Santiago Casilla (born July 25, 1980) is a Dominican professional baseball relief pitcher who is a free agent. He previously played in Major League Baseball (MLB) for the Oakland Athletics and San Francisco Giants. Casilla throws four pitches: a fastball, slider, curveball, and changeup.",
"title": "Santiago Casilla"
},
{
"idx": 12,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Louis XIV distrusted the Parisians and moved his court to Versailles in 1682, but his reign also saw an unprecedented flourishing of the arts and sciences in Paris. The Comédie-Française, the Academy of Painting, and the French Academy of Sciences were founded and made their headquarters in the city. To show that the city was safe against attack, he had the city walls demolished, replacing them with Grands Boulevards. To leave monuments to his reign, he built the Collège des Quatre-Nations, Place Vendôme, Place des Victoires, and began Les Invalides.",
"title": "Paris"
},
{
"idx": 13,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "The New York City Horror Film Festival is an international film festival based in New York City that screens films from the horror genre. It was founded by Michael J. Hein in 2001. It takes place each year in New York City for a week in November.",
"title": "New York City Horror Film Festival"
},
{
"idx": 14,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "The Galata Monastery () is a Romanian Orthodox monastery for nuns, founded at the end of the sixteenth century by Moldavian Voivode Petru Şchiopul, in the west of Iaşi, Romania. The monastery is located on the top of Galata Hill, and can be easily observed from different locations of Iasi. The church, surrounded by walls with loopholes and provided with a bell tower at the entrance, looks like a fortress, often serving as a place of defense and sometimes as a royal residence. Near the church on the hill, are places that provide panoramic views over the city.",
"title": "Galata Monastery"
},
{
"idx": 15,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Marion is a city in McDowell County, North Carolina, United States. It is the county seat of McDowell County. Founded in 1844, the city was named in honor of Brigadier General Francis Marion, the American Revolutionary War Hero whose talent in guerrilla warfare earned him the name \"Swamp Fox\". Marion's Main Street Historic District is listed on the National Register of Historic Places. The population was 7,838 at the 2010 Census.",
"title": "Marion, North Carolina"
},
{
"idx": 16,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "The Liri Blues Festival, founded in 1988, is one of the main blues music festivals in Italy. It takes place every year in July near Rome in Isola del Liri, a small town twinned with the city of New Orleans since 1997.",
"title": "Liri Blues Festival"
},
{
"idx": 17,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "The name \"Topeka\" is a Kansa-Osage sentence that means \"place where we dug potatoes\", or \"a good place to dig potatoes\". As a placename, \"Topeka\" was first recorded in 1826 as the Kansa name for what is now called the Kansas River. Topeka's founders chose the name in 1855 because it \"was novel, of Indian origin and euphonious of sound.\" The mixed-blood Kansa Native American, Joseph James, called Jojim, is credited with suggesting Topeka's name. The city, laid out in 1854, was one of the Free-State towns founded by Eastern antislavery men immediately after the passage of the Kansas–Nebraska Bill. In 1857, Topeka was chartered as a city.",
"title": "Topeka, Kansas"
},
{
"idx": 18,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "The Hispaniolan slider (\"Trachemys decorata\") or Haitian slider is a species of turtle in the family Emydidae found in Haiti and the Dominican Republic. The Hispaniolan slider is a freshwater turtle. They can live on land and water, but prefer to be near freshwater. These sliders are not on the endangered list, but are considered vulnerable.",
"title": "Hispaniolan slider"
},
{
"idx": 19,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Tucker West (born January 1, 1995) is an American slider who, at the age of 18, was the youngest male ever to qualify to represent the United States in the men's luge at the Olympics. West placed 22nd in the men's single competition at the 2014 Winter Olympics in Sochi, Russia.",
"title": "Tucker West"
}
],
"question": "When was the city where the television show Sliders was filmed founded?",
"question_decomposition": [
{
"answer": "San Francisco",
"id": 136763,
"paragraph_support_idx": 9,
"question": "Which place is Sliders in?"
},
{
"answer": "June 29, 1776",
"id": 79233,
"paragraph_support_idx": 5,
"question": "when was the city of #1 founded"
}
]
} |
3hop1__796443_470455_366897 | What country holds the Embassy of Poland located in the place of death of Black Sunday's director? | Italian Republic | [
"Italian Republic"
] | {
"answer": "Italian Republic",
"answer_aliases": [],
"answerable": true,
"id": "3hop1__796443_470455_366897",
"paragraphs": [
{
"idx": 0,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Velká pardubická is a famous cross-country steeplechase run in Pardubice, Czech Republic since 1874. It takes place every year on the second Sunday in October.",
"title": "Velká pardubická"
},
{
"idx": 1,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "During the Korean War, Hyon served as Kim Il-sung's bodyguard, a role which gave him \"a place in North Korea's revolutionary history\". He was director of the General Logistics Department of the Korean People's Army from 1986 to 1995, when he was appointed deputy director of the General Political Department, becoming one of the senior most members of the North Korean military and political leadership. He has been described as being in \"close proximity\" to Kim Jong-il, and as reporting directly to him. It had been suggested that, following Kim Jong-il's death, he may have taken part in a military council leadership of the country. He was transferred to director of the Standing Bureau of the National Defence Commission. He has been a member of the Central Committee of the Workers' Party of Korea since 1991.",
"title": "Hyon Chol-hae"
},
{
"idx": 2,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Both countries established diplomatic relations in 1905, after Norway’s independence. During World War II, Norway was occupied by Nazi Germany, lasting from 1940 until 1945. Germany has an embassy in Oslo, and Norway has an embassy in Berlin and two consulates, in Düsseldorf and Hamburg.",
"title": "Germany–Norway relations"
},
{
"idx": 3,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "The Embassy of Armenia in London is the diplomatic mission of Armenia in the United Kingdom. Diplomatic relations between the two countries were established in 1992.",
"title": "Embassy of Armenia, London"
},
{
"idx": 4,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "The Embassy of Bulgaria in London is the diplomatic mission of Bulgaria in the United Kingdom. Diplomatic relations between the two countries date from 1879 and there has been a Bulgarian embassy in London since 1903. The embassy is currently housed in a building on the east side of Queen's Gate, just within the City of Westminster, which is Grade II listed.",
"title": "Embassy of Bulgaria, London"
},
{
"idx": 5,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Yisha'ayahu Schwager (, ; born in Poland, 10 February 1946, death in Israel, 31 August 2000) was an Israeli footballer.",
"title": "Yisha'ayahu Schwager"
},
{
"idx": 6,
"is_supporting": true,
"paragraph_text": "Black Sunday (Italian: \"La maschera del demonio\"), also known as The Mask of Satan and Revenge of the Vampire in the UK, is a 1960 Italian gothic horror film directed by Mario Bava from a screenplay by Ennio de Concini and Mario Serandrei (with uncredited contributions by Bava, Marcello Coscia and Dino Di Palma), and starring Barbara Steele, John Richardson, Arturo Dominici and Ivo Garrani. It was Bava's directorial debut, although he had completed several previous feature films without receiving an onscreen credit. Based very loosely on Nikolai Gogol's short story \"Viy\", the narrative concerns a witch who is put to death by her own brother, only to return 200 years later to seek revenge on her descendants.",
"title": "Black Sunday (1960 film)"
},
{
"idx": 7,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Sunday Sunny Mill Valley Groove Day is an album by Frank Black & the Catholics, recorded in 2000. Because Black was not completely happy with the recording sessions, he decided against a commercial release. However, he did hand out several copies of the album at shows, which fans uploaded to the internet.",
"title": "Sunday Sunny Mill Valley Groove Day"
},
{
"idx": 8,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Gasquet (1908) claimed that the Latin name atra mors (Black Death) for the 14th-century epidemic first appeared in modern times in 1631 in a book on Danish history by J.I. Pontanus: \"Vulgo & ab effectu atram mortem vocatibant. (\"Commonly and from its effects, they called it the black death\"). The name spread through Scandinavia and then Germany, gradually becoming attached to the mid 14th-century epidemic as a proper name. In England, it was not until 1823 that the medieval epidemic was first called the Black Death.",
"title": "Black Death"
},
{
"idx": 9,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Armenia–Singapore relations refers to bilateral foreign relations between the two countries, Armenia and Singapore. Neither country has a resident ambassador. The Embassy of Armenia in Beijing, China is accredited to Singapore. Singapore has no representation in Armenia.",
"title": "Armenia–Singapore relations"
},
{
"idx": 10,
"is_supporting": true,
"paragraph_text": "The Embassy of Poland in Rome is the diplomatic mission of the Republic of Poland to the Italian Republic. The chancery is located at Via P.P.Rubens 20, Rome.",
"title": "Embassy of Poland, Rome"
},
{
"idx": 11,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "The results of the Haensch study have since been confirmed and amended. Based on genetic evidence derived from Black Death victims in the East Smithfield burial site in England, Schuenemann et al. concluded in 2011 \"that the Black Death in medieval Europe was caused by a variant of Y. pestis that may no longer exist.\" A study published in Nature in October 2011 sequenced the genome of Y. pestis from plague victims and indicated that the strain that caused the Black Death is ancestral to most modern strains of the disease.",
"title": "Black Death"
},
{
"idx": 12,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "For most observant Christians, Sunday is observed as a day of worship and rest, holding it as the Lord's Day and the day of Christ's resurrection. In some Muslim countries and Israel, Sunday is the first work day of the week. According to the Hebrew calendars and traditional Christian calendars, Sunday is the first day of the week. However, according to the International Organization for Standardization ISO 8601, Sunday is the seventh and last day of the week.",
"title": "Sunday"
},
{
"idx": 13,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "The Embassy of Poland in Oslo is the diplomatic mission of the Republic of Poland to the Kingdom of Norway, the ambassador, however, is also accredited to the Republic of Iceland. The chancery is located at Olav Kyrres Plass 1, Oslo.",
"title": "Embassy of Poland in Oslo"
},
{
"idx": 14,
"is_supporting": true,
"paragraph_text": "Born in Rome as Giacomo Guerrini, Guerrini entered the cinema industry in 1954 as screenwriter in Marcello Pagliero's \"Vergine moderna\"; after several collaborations (including the screenplay of Mario Bava's \"The Girl Who Knew Too Much\") he made his directorial debut in an episode of the film \"Amore in quattro dimensioni\" and from then started a prolific career, mainly focused on comedy films. He was also a character actor, often in his own films; as actor he's probably best known for the role of Nino in Damiano Damiani's \"La rimpatriata\".",
"title": "Mino Guerrini"
},
{
"idx": 15,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Maciej Gołąb (born October 25, 1952) is a Polish musicologist. He is director of the Institute of Musicology at the University of Wrocław (Poland).",
"title": "Maciej Gołąb"
},
{
"idx": 16,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "For most observant Christians, Sunday is observed as a day of worship and rest, holding it as the Lord's Day and the day of Christ's resurrection. In some Muslim countries and Israel, Sunday is the first work day of the week. According to the Hebrew calendar and traditional Christian calendars, Sunday is the first day of the week. But according to the International Organization for Standardization ISO 8601, Sunday is the seventh day of the week.",
"title": "Sunday"
},
{
"idx": 17,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Krzysztof Oloś (born 4 September 1979, Warsaw, Poland), also known as Siegmar, is a Polish keyboardist for the symphonic black metal band Vesania.",
"title": "Krzysztof Oloś"
},
{
"idx": 18,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Traditionally, the Embassy to France has been the most prestigious posting in the British foreign service, although in past centuries, diplomatic representation was lacking due to wars between the two countries and the Nazi occupation.",
"title": "List of ambassadors of the United Kingdom to France"
},
{
"idx": 19,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "The Iranian Embassy siege took place from 30 April to 5 May 1980, after a group of six armed men stormed the Iranian embassy in South Kensington, London. The gunmen, members of an Iranian Arab group campaigning for Arab national sovereignty in the southern Iranian region of Khuzestan Province, took 26 people hostage -- mostly embassy staff, but also several visitors as well as a police officer who had been guarding the embassy. They demanded the release of Arab prisoners from prisons in Khuzestan and their own safe passage out of the United Kingdom. Margaret Thatcher's government quickly resolved that safe passage would not be granted, and a siege ensued. Over the following days, police negotiators secured the release of five hostages in exchange for minor concessions, such as the broadcasting of the hostage - takers' demands on British television.",
"title": "Iranian Embassy siege"
}
],
"question": "What country holds the Embassy of Poland located in the place of death of Black Sunday's director?",
"question_decomposition": [
{
"answer": "Mario Bava",
"id": 796443,
"paragraph_support_idx": 6,
"question": "Black Sunday >> director"
},
{
"answer": "Rome",
"id": 470455,
"paragraph_support_idx": 14,
"question": "#1 >> place of death"
},
{
"answer": "Italian Republic",
"id": 366897,
"paragraph_support_idx": 10,
"question": "Embassy of Poland, #2 >> country"
}
]
} |
2hop__158979_71845 | Whose New York World newspaper, used yellow journalism to gain support for war, in the country where warheads were found during the Missile Crisis? | Joseph Pulitzer | [
"Joseph Pulitzer"
] | {
"answer": "Joseph Pulitzer",
"answer_aliases": [],
"answerable": true,
"id": "2hop__158979_71845",
"paragraphs": [
{
"idx": 0,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "The Holocaust (which roughly means \"burnt whole\") was the deliberate and systematic murder of millions of Jews and other \"unwanted\" during World War II by the Nazi regime in Germany. Several differing views exist regarding whether it was intended to occur from the war's beginning, or if the plans for it came about later. Regardless, persecution of Jews extended well before the war even started, such as in the Kristallnacht (Night of Broken Glass). The Nazis used propaganda to great effect to stir up anti-Semitic feelings within ordinary Germans.",
"title": "Modern history"
},
{
"idx": 1,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "The W89 was an American thermonuclear warhead design intended for use on the AGM-131 SRAM II air to ground nuclear missile.",
"title": "W89"
},
{
"idx": 2,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Harold Greenwald graduated from the City College of New York in 1933, and worked for the New York City Housing Authority and city planning board. He was a civilian instructor for the U.S. Army Air Forces during World War II.",
"title": "Harold Greenwald"
},
{
"idx": 3,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Harold Pitney Brown (September 16, 1857, Janesville, Wisconsin – 1944 Volusia, Florida) was an American electrical engineer and inventor known for his activism in the late 1880s against the use of alternating current for electric lighting in New York City and around the country (during the \"War of Currents\").",
"title": "Harold P. Brown"
},
{
"idx": 4,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "John H. Howell was a US Army artillery officer and commander of the 3rd New York Artillery which he led during the American Civil War, and served as chief artillery officer during the New York Draft Riots.",
"title": "John H. Howell"
},
{
"idx": 5,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "The RPG-43 (for \"ruchnaya protivotankovaya granata obraztca 1943 goda\" meaning \"hand-held anti-tank grenade\") was a high explosive anti-tank (HEAT) hand grenade used by the Soviet Union during the Second World War. It entered service in 1943, replacing the earlier models RPG-40 and RPG-41. The RPG-43 used a shaped charge HEAT warhead, whereas the RPG-40 used the simpler HE (high explosive) warhead. The RPG-43 had a penetration of around 75 mm of rolled homogeneous armour at a 90 degree angle. Later in the war, it was improved and became the RPG-6.",
"title": "RPG-43"
},
{
"idx": 6,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "At the end of 2017, there were estimated to be just over 15 million US $millionaires or high - net - worth individual (HNWIs) in the world. The United States had the highest number of HNWIs (5,047,000) of any country, while New York had the most HNWIs (393,500) among cities.",
"title": "Millionaire"
},
{
"idx": 7,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "The Yellow Birds is the debut novel from American writer, poet, and Iraq war veteran Kevin Powers. It was one of \"The New York Times\"'s 100 Most Notable Books of 2012 and a finalist for the 2012 National Book Award. It was awarded the 2012 The Guardian First Book Award, and the 2013 Hemingway Foundation/PEN Award.",
"title": "The Yellow Birds"
},
{
"idx": 8,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "834 Fifth Avenue is a luxury residential housing cooperative in the Upper East Side of Manhattan, New York City. It is located on Fifth Avenue at the corner of East 64th Street opposite the Central Park Zoo in Central Park. The limestone-clad building was designed by Rosario Candela, a prolific designer of luxury apartment buildings in Manhattan during the period between World War I and World War II. 834 Fifth Avenue is widely regarded as one of the most prestigious apartment houses in New York City. It has been called \"the most pedigreed building on the snobbiest street in the country’s most real estate-obsessed city\" in an article in the New York Observer newspaper. This status is due to the building's overall architecture, the scale and layout of the apartments, and the notoriety of its current and past residents. It is one of the finest buildings designed by Rosario Candela, according to \"The New York Times\".",
"title": "834 Fifth Avenue"
},
{
"idx": 9,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Häagen - Dazs (US: / ˈhɑːɡəndæs /, UK: / ˌhɑːɡənˈdɑːz /) is an American ice cream brand, established by Reuben and Rose Mattus in the Bronx, New York, in 1961. Starting with only three flavors: vanilla, chocolate, and coffee, the company opened its first retail store in Brooklyn, New York, on November 15, 1976. The business now has franchises throughout the United States and many other countries around the world including Japan, the United Kingdom, Australia, India, China, Lebanon, New Zealand, and Brazil.",
"title": "Häagen-Dazs"
},
{
"idx": 10,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Yvonne Latty is an American journalist, author, filmmaker and professor at New York University’s Arthur L. Carter Journalism Institute. She has traveled the country to speak on subjects including race to writing, and is also a Leeway Foundation Fellow.",
"title": "Yvonne Latty"
},
{
"idx": 11,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Returning World War II veterans created a post-war economic boom and the development of large housing tracts in eastern Queens. New York emerged from the war unscathed as the leading city of the world, with Wall Street leading America's place as the world's dominant economic power. The United Nations Headquarters was completed in 1952, solidifying New York's global geopolitical influence, and the rise of abstract expressionism in the city precipitated New York's displacement of Paris as the center of the art world.",
"title": "New York City"
},
{
"idx": 12,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "The Mark 10 torpedo was a torpedo put into use by the United States in 1915. It was derived from the Mark 9 aircraft torpedo converted to submarine use. It was used as the primary torpedo in the R- and S-class submarines. It used alcohol-water steam turbine propulsion. It was succeeded by the problematic Mark 14 torpedo, but remained in service in S-boats & fleet submarines through the Pacific War. The Mark 10 featured the largest warhead ( of TNT) of any U.S. torpedo developed at that time. Stockpiles of Mark 10 Mod 3 torpedoes were used extensively during the first part of World War II due to short supply of the newer and longer ( Mark 14s, with some fleet submarines carrying a mixture of both types on patrol.",
"title": "Mark 10 torpedo"
},
{
"idx": 13,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "The Reconstruction Finance Corporation (RFC) was a government corporation administered by the United States Federal Government between 1932 and 1957 that provided financial support to state and local governments and made loans to banks, railroads, mortgage associations, and other businesses. Its purpose was to boost the country’s confidence and help banks resume daily functions after the start of the Great Depression. The RFC became more prominent under the New Deal and continued to operate through World War II. It was disbanded in 1957, when the US Federal Government concluded that it no longer needed to stimulate lending.",
"title": "Reconstruction Finance Corporation"
},
{
"idx": 14,
"is_supporting": true,
"paragraph_text": "The next morning, October 26, Kennedy informed the EXCOMM that he believed only an invasion would remove the missiles from Cuba. He was persuaded to give the matter time and continue with both military and diplomatic pressure. He agreed and ordered the low-level flights over the island to be increased from two per day to once every two hours. He also ordered a crash program to institute a new civil government in Cuba if an invasion went ahead.",
"title": "Cuban Missile Crisis"
},
{
"idx": 15,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "The Mark 15 torpedo, the standard American destroyer-launched torpedo of World War II, was very similar in design to the Mark 14 torpedo except that it was longer, heavier, and had greater range and a larger warhead. It was developed by the Naval Torpedo Station Newport concurrently with the Mark 14 and was first deployed in 1938. It replaced the Mark 8 torpedo on surface ships with tubes that could accommodate the longer Mark 15; this primarily included destroyers built after 1930. Older destroyers, primarily the \"Wickes\" and \"Clemson\" classes, continued to use the Mark 8, as did PT boats early in World War II. During the war 9,700 were produced at Newport and at the Naval Ordnance Station Forest Park, Illinois.",
"title": "Mark 15 torpedo"
},
{
"idx": 16,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "The New York University Journal of International Law and Politics is a student-edited international law review at New York University School of Law. The journal publishes articles, essays, notes, and commentary that cover a wide range of topics in international and comparative law.",
"title": "New York University Journal of International Law and Politics"
},
{
"idx": 17,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "The nuclear arms race was a competition for supremacy in nuclear warfare between the United States, the Soviet Union, and their respective allies during the Cold War. During this period, in addition to the American and Soviet nuclear stockpiles, other countries developed nuclear weapons, though none engaged in warhead production on nearly the same scale as the two superpowers.",
"title": "Nuclear arms race"
},
{
"idx": 18,
"is_supporting": true,
"paragraph_text": "Several forces within the United States were pushing for a war with Spain. Their tactics were wide - ranging and their goal was to engage the opinion of the American people in any way possible. Men such as William Randolph Hearst, the owner of The New York Journal was involved in a circulation war with Joseph Pulitzer of the New York World and saw the conflict as a way to sell papers. Many newspapers ran articles of a sensationalist nature and sent correspondents to Cuba to cover the war. Correspondents had to evade Spanish authorities; usually they were unable to get reliable news and relied heavily on informants for their stories. Many stories were derived from second or third hand accounts and were either elaborated, misrepresented or completely fabricated by journalists to enhance their dramatic effect. Theodore Roosevelt, who was the Assistant Secretary of the Navy at this time, wanted to use the conflict both to help heal the wounds still fresh from the American Civil War, and to increase the strength of the US Navy, while simultaneously establishing America as a presence on the world stage. Roosevelt put pressure on the United States Congress to come to the aid of the Cuban people. He emphasized Cuban weakness and femininity to justify America's military intervention.",
"title": "Propaganda of the Spanish–American War"
},
{
"idx": 19,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "The Church of Our Lady of Victory, also known as the War Memorial Church, is a Roman Catholic parish church in the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of New York, located at 60 William Street on the northeast corner of William Street and Pine Street in the Financial District of Manhattan, New York City. It was established in 1944, during World War II, by Francis Cardinal Spellman, Archbishop of New York and Apostolic Vicar for the U.S. Armed Forces from December 11, 1939 to December 2, 1967, at a time when \"victory in the war was in sight but not yet assured.\" A quote from Cardinal Spellman greets worshipers at the front door: \"This Holy Shrine is dedicated to Our Lady of Victory in Thanksgiving for Victory won by our valiant dead, our soldier’s blood, our country’s tears, shed to defend men’s rights and win back men’s hearts to God.\"",
"title": "Our Lady of Victory Church (Manhattan)"
}
],
"question": "Whose New York World newspaper, used yellow journalism to gain support for war, in the country where warheads were found during the Missile Crisis?",
"question_decomposition": [
{
"answer": "Cuba",
"id": 158979,
"paragraph_support_idx": 14,
"question": "What country were warheads in?"
},
{
"answer": "Joseph Pulitzer",
"id": 71845,
"paragraph_support_idx": 18,
"question": "his new york world used yellow journalism to stir up support for war in #1"
}
]
} |
3hop1__312602_629330_9428 | How much of the continent having the mouth of the watercourse of Tikhaya Sosna does the Alps cover? | 11 percent of the surface area | [
"11 percent of the surface area"
] | {
"answer": "11 percent of the surface area",
"answer_aliases": [],
"answerable": true,
"id": "3hop1__312602_629330_9428",
"paragraphs": [
{
"idx": 0,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Africa is the world's second largest and second most - populous continent (behind Asia in both categories). At about 30.3 million km (11.7 million square miles) including adjacent islands, it covers 6% of Earth's total surface area and 20% of its land area. With 1.2 billion people as of 2016, it accounts for about 16% of the world's human population. The continent is surrounded by the Mediterranean Sea to the north, the Isthmus of Suez and the Red Sea to the northeast, the Indian Ocean to the southeast and the Atlantic Ocean to the west. The continent includes Madagascar and various archipelagos. It contains 54 fully recognised sovereign states (countries), nine territories and two de facto independent states with limited or no recognition. The majority of the continent and its countries are in the Northern Hemisphere, with a substantial portion and number of countries in the Southern Hemisphere.",
"title": "Africa"
},
{
"idx": 1,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "The Güferhorn is a mountain in the Lepontine Alps, located between the valleys of Vals and Hinterrhein in Graubünden. At 3,379 metres above sea level it is the highest summit of the Lepontine Alps lying east of the Rheinwaldhorn. The northern side of the massif is covered by the Güfergletscher, a 2 kilometres long glacier. It lies above 2,600 metres on the east side of a ridge starting at the summit of the Güferhorn and separating the valleys of Länta and Canaltal, both converging at the Zervreilasee, south of Vals.",
"title": "Güferhorn"
},
{
"idx": 2,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Serre Chevalier is a major ski resort in southeastern France, in the Hautes-Alpes department of the Alps. Near the Parc National des Ecrins, it enjoys a large skiing area, with of slopes and favourable weather, boasting 300 days of sunshine a year. In Serre Chevalier, of the slopes are covered by snow cannons to supplement natural snowfall. It is owned by Compagnie des Alpes.",
"title": "Serre Chevalier"
},
{
"idx": 3,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Mummel River, a watercourse of the Manning River catchment, is located in the Northern Tablelands and Mid North Coast districts of New South Wales, Australia.",
"title": "Mummel River"
},
{
"idx": 4,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "The Alps cover 65% of Switzerland's total 41,285 square kilometres (15,940 sq mi) surface area, making it one of the most alpine countries. Despite the fact that Switzerland covers only 14% of the Alps total 192,753 square kilometres (74,422 sq mi) area, 48 out of 82 alpine four - thousanders are located in the Swiss Alps and practically all of the remaining 34 are within 20 kilometres (12 mi) of the country's border.",
"title": "Swiss Alps"
},
{
"idx": 5,
"is_supporting": true,
"paragraph_text": "The Battle of the Tanais River in 373 AD between the Huns and the Alans, was fought on the traditional border between Asia and Europe. The Huns were victorious.",
"title": "Battle of the Tanais River"
},
{
"idx": 6,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "An Antarctic oasis is a large area naturally free of snow and ice in the otherwise ice-covered continent of Antarctica.",
"title": "Antarctic oasis"
},
{
"idx": 7,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "The Stellihorn is a mountain of the Swiss Pennine Alps, overlooking the lake of Mattmark in the canton of Valais. It lies south of Saas-Almagell in the upper valley of Saas. The north side is covered by a glacier named \"Nollen Gletscher\".",
"title": "Stellihorn"
},
{
"idx": 8,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Mehi River, a watercourse that is part of the Barwon catchment within the Murray–Darling basin, is located in the Orana district of New South Wales, Australia.",
"title": "Mehi River"
},
{
"idx": 9,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Wallingat River, a watercourse of the Mid-Coast Council system, is located in the Mid North Coast district of New South Wales, Australia.",
"title": "Wallingat River"
},
{
"idx": 10,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Mount Queequeg () is a conspicuous, partly snow-covered mountain with three conical summits, the highest 900 m, situated in eastern Aristotle Mountains between the mouths of Starbuck and Stubb Glaciers on the east coast of Graham Land in Antarctica.",
"title": "Mount Queequeg"
},
{
"idx": 11,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "The Port of Brookings Harbor is the port authority for the city of Brookings, Oregon, United States, and serving the neighboring community of Harbor. The district covers from the mouth of the Chetco River south to the Oregon-California border, north to the mouth of the Pistol River, and east to the Curry-Josephine county line. The district is governed by a five-member commission elected at-large from the district population of approximately 16,000.",
"title": "Port of Brookings Harbor"
},
{
"idx": 12,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Peaks in France, Italy and Switzerland lie in the \"Houillière zone\", which consists of basement with sediments from the Mesozoic Era. High \"massifs\" with external sedimentary cover are more common in the Western Alps and were affected by Neogene Period thin-skinned thrusting whereas the Eastern Alps have comparatively few high peaked massifs. Similarly the peaks in Switzerland extending to western Austria (Helvetic nappes) consist of thin-skinned sedimentary folding that detached from former basement rock.",
"title": "Alps"
},
{
"idx": 13,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Maria River, a watercourse of the Hastings River catchment, is located in the Mid North Coast region of New South Wales, Australia.",
"title": "Maria River (Australia)"
},
{
"idx": 14,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Today both the Papireto river and the Kemonia are covered up by buildings. However, the shape of the former watercourses can still be recognised today, because the streets that were built on them follow their shapes. Today the only waterway not drained yet is the Oreto river that divides the downtown of the city from the western uptown and the industrial districts. In the basins there were, though, many seasonal torrents that helped formed swampy plains, reclaimed during history; a good example of which can be found in the borough of Mondello.",
"title": "Palermo"
},
{
"idx": 15,
"is_supporting": true,
"paragraph_text": "The Alps provide lowland Europe with drinking water, irrigation, and hydroelectric power. Although the area is only about 11 percent of the surface area of Europe, the Alps provide up to 90 percent of water to lowland Europe, particularly to arid areas and during the summer months. Cities such as Milan depend on 80 percent of water from Alpine runoff. Water from the rivers is used in over 500 hydroelectricity power plants, generating as much as 2900 kilowatts of electricity.",
"title": "Alps"
},
{
"idx": 16,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "\"Bass to Mouth\" is the tenth episode of the fifteenth season of the American animated television series \"South Park\", and the 219th episode overall. It first aired on Comedy Central in the United States on October 19, 2011. Much of the episode's plot alludes to WikiLeaks and its surrounding controversy.",
"title": "Bass to Mouth"
},
{
"idx": 17,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "The Journal of Modern History is a quarterly peer-reviewed academic journal covering European intellectual, political, and cultural history, published by the University of Chicago Press. Established in 1929, the journal covers events from approximately 1500 to the present, with a geographical scope extending from the United Kingdom through the European continent, including Russia and the Balkans.",
"title": "The Journal of Modern History"
},
{
"idx": 18,
"is_supporting": true,
"paragraph_text": "The river has its sources in the eastern part of Belgorod Oblast, on the southeastern slopes of the Central Russian Upland. It flows in a northeasterly direction, and joins the Don some west of the town of Liski in Voronezh Oblast.",
"title": "Tikhaya Sosna River"
},
{
"idx": 19,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Lake Vida is a hypersaline lake in Victoria Valley, the northernmost of the large McMurdo Dry Valleys, on the continent of Antarctica. It is isolated under year-round ice cover, and is considerably more saline than seawater. It came to public attention in 2002 when microbes frozen in its ice cover for more than 2,800 years were successfully thawed and reanimated.",
"title": "Lake Vida"
}
],
"question": "How much of the continent having the mouth of the watercourse of Tikhaya Sosna does the Alps cover?",
"question_decomposition": [
{
"answer": "Don",
"id": 312602,
"paragraph_support_idx": 18,
"question": "Tikhaya Sosna >> mouth of the watercourse"
},
{
"answer": "Europe",
"id": 629330,
"paragraph_support_idx": 5,
"question": "#1 >> continent"
},
{
"answer": "11 percent of the surface area",
"id": 9428,
"paragraph_support_idx": 15,
"question": "How much of #2 does the Alps cover?"
}
]
} |
3hop1__858308_102146_88208 | When did the country Privilege's performer is a citizen of abolish the authority of the pope? | August 1560 | [
"August 1560"
] | {
"answer": "August 1560",
"answer_aliases": [],
"answerable": true,
"id": "3hop1__858308_102146_88208",
"paragraphs": [
{
"idx": 0,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "A reigning Catholic queen or princess retains this privilege at the discretion of the Pope, by remaining a Catholic in good public standing, through marriage to another Catholic monarch, or simply by grant of the Pope at his dispensation. Catholic royalty may freely choose whether to exercise the privilege depending on the importance of occasion; if they do n't, this is termed as ``declining the privilege '', and the fact of choosing to wear black garments at certain points of Papal audiences does not negate her privilege to be dressed in white.",
"title": "Privilège du blanc"
},
{
"idx": 1,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Henry VIII was the first monarch to introduce a new state religion to the English. In 1532, he wanted to divorce his wife, Catherine of Aragon. When Pope Clement VII refused to consent to the divorce, Henry VIII decided to separate the entire country of England from the Roman Catholic Church. The Pope had no more authority over the people of England. This parting of ways opened the door for Protestantism to enter the country.",
"title": "Protestantism in the United Kingdom"
},
{
"idx": 2,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Márquez has also performed more than 34 concerts with several symphony orchestras in Venezuela, a privilege granted to few popular artists in her country. She performs an average of 70 shows each year.",
"title": "Floria Márquez"
},
{
"idx": 3,
"is_supporting": true,
"paragraph_text": "Still, in August 1560 the 'Reformation Parliament' abolished the jurisdiction of the Roman Catholic Church in Scotland with the Papal Jurisdiction Act.",
"title": "Scottish Reformation Parliament"
},
{
"idx": 4,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "In early times, the privilege of papal election was not reserved to the cardinals, and for centuries the person elected was customarily a Roman priest and never a bishop from elsewhere. To preserve apostolic succession the rite of consecrating him a bishop had to be performed by someone who was already a bishop. The rule remains that, if the person elected Pope is not yet a bishop, he is consecrated by the Dean of the College of Cardinals, the Cardinal Bishop of Ostia.",
"title": "Cardinal (Catholic Church)"
},
{
"idx": 5,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "There is disagreement about the origin of the term, but general consensus that \"cardinalis\" from the word cardo (meaning 'pivot' or 'hinge') was first used in late antiquity to designate a bishop or priest who was incorporated into a church for which he had not originally been ordained. In Rome the first persons to be called cardinals were the deacons of the seven regions of the city at the beginning of the 6th century, when the word began to mean “principal,” “eminent,” or \"superior.\" The name was also given to the senior priest in each of the \"title\" churches (the parish churches) of Rome and to the bishops of the seven sees surrounding the city. By the 8th century the Roman cardinals constituted a privileged class among the Roman clergy. They took part in the administration of the church of Rome and in the papal liturgy. By decree of a synod of 769, only a cardinal was eligible to become pope. In 1059, during the pontificate of Nicholas II, cardinals were given the right to elect the pope under the Papal Bull In nomine Domini. For a time this power was assigned exclusively to the cardinal bishops, but the Third Lateran Council in 1179 gave back the right to the whole body of cardinals. Cardinals were granted the privilege of wearing the red hat by Pope Innocent IV in 1244.",
"title": "Cardinal (Catholic Church)"
},
{
"idx": 6,
"is_supporting": true,
"paragraph_text": "Privilege is an album by Ivor Cutler, originally released in 1983 on Rough Trade Records. It was produced by David Toop and Steve Beresford, both of whom are better known for their work in improvisational music and, unlike Cutler's 1970s recordings, it sees Cutler's vocals accompanied by a wide range of musical instruments including keyboards, banjo, euphonium and alto flute. The LP is co-credited to Linda Hirst, who recites a number of poems and provides vocals on some of the tracks. The closing track, \"Women of the World\", was released as a single and became a minor hit on the UK Indie Chart. It has since been covered by Jim O'Rourke, on his 1999 album \"Eureka\", and YACHT, on their 2007 album \"I Believe In You. Your Magic Is Real.\"",
"title": "Privilege (Ivor Cutler album)"
},
{
"idx": 7,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "During the Partitions of Poland from 1772 to 1795, its members began to lose these legal privileges and social status. From that point until 1918, the legal status of the nobility was essentially dependent upon the policies of the three partitioning powers: the Russian Empire, the Kingdom of Prussia, and the Habsburg Monarchy. The legal privileges of the szlachta were legally abolished in the Second Polish Republic by the March Constitution of 1921.",
"title": "Szlachta"
},
{
"idx": 8,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Visa requirements for Thai citizens are administrative entry restrictions imposed on citizens of Thailand by the authorities of other states. As of February 2018, Thai citizens had visa - free or visa on arrival access to 75 countries and territories, ranking the Thai passport 65th in terms of travel freedom according to the Henley Passport Index.",
"title": "Visa requirements for Thai citizens"
},
{
"idx": 9,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Renewed religious warfare in the 1620s caused the political and military privileges of the Huguenots to be abolished following their defeat. They retained the religious provisions of the Edict of Nantes until the rule of Louis XIV, who progressively increased persecution of them until he issued the Edict of Fontainebleau (1685), which abolished all legal recognition of Protestantism in France, and forced the Huguenots to convert. While nearly three-quarters eventually were killed or submitted, roughly 500,000 Huguenots had fled France by the early 18th century[citation needed].",
"title": "Huguenots"
},
{
"idx": 10,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Visa requirements for Canadian citizens are administrative entry restrictions by the authorities of other states placed on citizens of Canada. As of 1 January 2018, Canadian citizens had visa - free or visa on arrival access to 172 countries and territories, ranking the Canadian passport 6th in terms of travel freedom according to the Henley Passport Index.",
"title": "Visa requirements for Canadian citizens"
},
{
"idx": 11,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "The cardinal protodeacon, the senior cardinal deacon in order of appointment to the College of Cardinals, has the privilege of announcing a new pope's election and name (once he has been ordained to the Episcopate) from the central balcony at the Basilica of Saint Peter in Vatican City State. In the past, during papal coronations, the proto-deacon also had the honor of bestowing the pallium on the new pope and crowning him with the papal tiara. However, in 1978 Pope John Paul I chose not to be crowned and opted for a simpler papal inauguration ceremony, and his three successors followed that example. As a result, the Cardinal protodeacon's privilege of crowning a new pope has effectively ceased although it could be revived if a future Pope were to restore a coronation ceremony. However, the proto-deacon still has the privilege of bestowing the pallium on a new pope at his papal inauguration. “Acting in the place of the Roman Pontiff, he also confers the pallium upon metropolitan bishops or gives the pallium to their proxies.” The current cardinal proto-deacon is Renato Raffaele Martino.",
"title": "Cardinal (Catholic Church)"
},
{
"idx": 12,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Visa requirements for Indian citizens are administrative entry restrictions by the authorities of other states placed on citizens of India. As of 1 January 2017, Indian citizens had visa - free or visa on arrival access to 49 countries and territories, ranking the Indian passport 87th in terms of travel freedom (tied with Guinea - Bissauan and Turkmen passports) according to the Henley visa restrictions index. Visitors engaging in activities other than tourism, including unpaid work, require a visa or work permit except for Nepal and Bhutan. Indian citizens who are not natives of the following states also require an Inner Line Permit (ILP) if they are travelling to Arunachal Pradesh, Nagaland, or Mizoram. ILPs can be obtained online or at the airports of these states on arrival.",
"title": "Visa requirements for Indian citizens"
},
{
"idx": 13,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "On 3 January 993, Pope John XV became the first pope to proclaim a person a ``saint ''from outside the diocese of Rome: on the petition of the German ruler, he had canonized Bishop Ulrich of Augsburg. Before that time, the popular`` cults'', or venerations, of saints had been local and spontaneous and were confirmed by the local bishop. Pope John XVIII subsequently permitted a cult of five Polish martyrs. Pope Benedict VIII later declared the Armenian hermit Symeon to be a saint, but it was not until the pontificate of Pope Innocent III that the Popes reserved to themselves the exclusive authority to canonize saints, so that local bishops needed the confirmation of the Pope. Walter of Pontoise was the last person in Western Europe to be canonized by an authority other than the Pope: Hugh de Boves, the Archbishop of Rouen, canonized him in 1153. Thenceforth a decree of Pope Alexander III in 1170 reserved the prerogative of canonization to the Pope, in so far as the Latin Church was concerned.",
"title": "Saint"
},
{
"idx": 14,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "In 1374 King Louis of Hungary approved the Privilege of Koszyce (Polish: \"przywilej koszycki\" or \"ugoda koszycka\") in Košice in order to guarantee the Polish throne for his daughter Jadwiga. He broadened the definition of who was a member of the nobility and exempted the entire class from all but one tax (łanowy, which was limited to 2 grosze from łan (an old measure of land size)). In addition, the King's right to raise taxes was abolished; no new taxes could be raised without the agreement of the nobility. Henceforth, also, district offices (Polish: \"urzędy ziemskie\") were reserved exclusively for local nobility, as the Privilege of Koszyce forbade the king to grant official posts and major Polish castles to foreign knights. Finally, this privilege obliged the King to pay indemnities to nobles injured or taken captive during a war outside Polish borders.",
"title": "Szlachta"
},
{
"idx": 15,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "The Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen Painting of the Declaration, painted by Jean - Jacques - François Le Barbier Author General Lafayette, (sometimes with Thomas Jefferson) and Honoré Mirabeau. Country Kingdom of France Language French Genre Human rights, declaration and document. Publisher National Constituent Assembly Publication date 27 August 1789",
"title": "Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen"
},
{
"idx": 16,
"is_supporting": true,
"paragraph_text": "In 2014 a new play, \"The Beautiful Cosmos of Ivor Cutler\", a co-production by Vanishing Point and National Theatre of Scotland, was performed.",
"title": "Ivor Cutler"
},
{
"idx": 17,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Born in Bhilai, India, Anupama Bhagwat was introduced to playing sitar at the age of 9 by Shri. R. N. Verma.At the age of 13 she had the privilege to train under Bimalendu Mukherjee of the Imdadkhani gharana. She stood first in the All India Radio competition in 1994 and was awarded a national scholarship by the Indian Ministry of Human Resource Development of India. She has performed At several destinations including the USA and many countries of Europe. At present She is based in Bangalore, India, and married.",
"title": "Anupama Bhagwat"
},
{
"idx": 18,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "The Health and Social Care Act 2012 (c 7) is an Act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom. It provides for the most extensive reorganisation of the structure of the National Health Service in England to date. It removed responsibility for the health of citizens from the Secretary of State for Health, which the post had carried since the inception of the NHS in 1948. It abolished NHS primary care trusts (PCTs) and Strategic Health Authorities (SHAs) and transferred between £60 billion and £80 billion of ``commissioning '', or health care funds, from the abolished PCTs to several hundred`` clinical commissioning groups'', partly run by the general practitioners (GPs) in England but a major point of access for private service providers. A new executive agency of the Department of Health, Public Health England, was established under the Act on 1 April 2013.",
"title": "Health and Social Care Act 2012"
},
{
"idx": 19,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "House concurrent resolution 108 (HCR-108), passed August 1, 1953, declared it to be the sense of Congress that it should be policy of the United States to abolish federal supervision over American Indian tribes as soon as possible and to subject the Indians to the same laws, privileges, and responsibilities as other U.S. citizens. This includes an end to reservations and tribal sovereignty, integrating Native Americans into mainstream American society.",
"title": "House concurrent resolution 108"
}
],
"question": "When did the country Privilege's performer is a citizen of abolish the authority of the pope?",
"question_decomposition": [
{
"answer": "Ivor Cutler",
"id": 858308,
"paragraph_support_idx": 6,
"question": "Privilege >> performer"
},
{
"answer": "Scotland",
"id": 102146,
"paragraph_support_idx": 16,
"question": "Of which country is #1 a citizen?"
},
{
"answer": "August 1560",
"id": 88208,
"paragraph_support_idx": 3,
"question": "when did #2 abolish the authority of the pope"
}
]
} |
2hop__486709_69931 | When did the performer known for This is the Time play at Shea Stadium? | July 16 and 18 of 2008 | [
"July 16 and 18 of 2008"
] | {
"answer": "July 16 and 18 of 2008",
"answer_aliases": [],
"answerable": true,
"id": "2hop__486709_69931",
"paragraphs": [
{
"idx": 0,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "The team was founded in 1959 as the Titans of New York, an original member of the American Football League (AFL); later, the franchise joined the NFL in the AFL -- NFL merger in 1970. The team began to play in 1960 at the Polo Grounds. Under new ownership, the current name was adopted in 1963 and the franchise moved to Shea Stadium in 1964 and then to the Meadowlands Sports Complex in 1984. The Jets advanced to the playoffs for the first time in 1968 and went on to compete in Super Bowl III where they defeated the Baltimore Colts, becoming the first AFL team to defeat an NFL club in an AFL -- NFL World Championship Game. Since 1968, the Jets have appeared in the playoffs 13 times, and in the AFC Championship Game four times, most recently losing to the Pittsburgh Steelers in 2010. However, the Jets have never returned to the Super Bowl, making them one of three NFL teams to win their lone Super Bowl appearance, along with the New Orleans Saints and Tampa Bay Buccaneers.",
"title": "New York Jets"
},
{
"idx": 1,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "The team was founded in 1959 as the Titans of New York, an original member of the American Football League (AFL); later, the franchise joined the NFL in the AFL -- NFL merger in 1970. The team began to play in 1960 at the Polo Grounds. Under new ownership, the current name was adopted in 1963 and the franchise moved to Shea Stadium in 1964 and then to the Meadowlands Sports Complex in 1984. The Jets advanced to the playoffs for the first time in 1968 and went on to compete in Super Bowl III where they defeated the Baltimore Colts, becoming the first AFL team to defeat an NFL club in an AFL -- NFL World Championship Game. Since 1968, the Jets have appeared in the playoffs 13 times, and in the AFC Championship Game four times, most recently losing to the Pittsburgh Steelers in 2010. However, the Jets have never returned to the Super Bowl, making them one of three NFL teams to win their lone Super Bowl appearance, along with the New Orleans Saints and Tampa Bay Buccaneers. Apart from the Cleveland Browns and Detroit Lions, who have never reached the Super Bowl (although both won NFL championships prior to 1966), the Jets' drought is the longest among current NFL franchises.",
"title": "New York Jets"
},
{
"idx": 2,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Following the 1914–15 edition, the competition was suspended due to the First World War, and didn't resume until 1919–20. The 1922–23 competition saw the first final to be played in the newly opened Wembley Stadium (known at the time as the Empire Stadium). Due to the outbreak of World War II, the competition wasn't played between the 1938–39 and 1945–46 editions. Due to the wartime breaks, the competition didn't celebrate its centenary year until 1980–81; fittingly the final featured a goal by Ricky Villa which was later voted the greatest goal ever scored at Wembley Stadium, but has since been replaced by Steven Gerrard.",
"title": "FA Cup"
},
{
"idx": 3,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "The song has been played at Fenway Park, home of Major League Baseball's Boston Red Sox, since at least 1997, and in the middle of the eighth inning at every game since 2002. On opening night of the 2010 season at Fenway Park, the song was performed by Diamond himself. ``Sweet Caroline ''was played at Penn State Nittany Lions football games at Beaver Stadium until August 2012, halting after the Penn State child sex abuse scandal. Performances at Beaver Stadium resumed in September 2013, however. The song is played at the start of the fourth quarter of Pittsburgh Panthers Football games at Heinz Field. In response, West Virginia University students and fans will yell`` eat shit, Pitt'' during the refrain if heard played. It is also an unofficial song of the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, being played at athletic events and pep rallies.",
"title": "Sweet Caroline"
},
{
"idx": 4,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Richard Thomas Shea, Jr. (January 3, 1927 – July 8, 1953) was a soldier in the United States Army in the Korean War. He was listed as missing in action on July 8, 1953 during the Second Battle of Pork Chop Hill, and was later declared killed in action. Lt. Shea received the Medal of Honor posthumously. In 1987, Shea was inducted into the Virginia Sports Hall of Fame.",
"title": "Richard Thomas Shea"
},
{
"idx": 5,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Khasbag Stadium is a national wrestling stadium in Kolhapur city. This is a biggest Wrestling Stadium in India. The stadium was built in the time of Rajarshi Shahu Maharaj and is almost a hundred year old stadium. And this is heritage site also.",
"title": "Khasbag Wrestling Stadium"
},
{
"idx": 6,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "One of baseball's first expansion teams, the Mets were founded in 1962 to replace New York's departed NL teams, the Brooklyn Dodgers and the New York Giants. The Mets' colors are composed of the Dodgers' blue and the Giants' orange, which also form the outer two bands of the New York City flag. During the 1962 and 1963 seasons, the Mets played their home games at the Polo Grounds. From 1964 to 2008, the Mets' home ballpark was Shea Stadium. In 2009, they moved into their current ballpark, Citi Field.",
"title": "New York Mets"
},
{
"idx": 7,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Super Bowl XLIX was an American football game played to determine the champion of the National Football League (NFL) for the 2014 season. The American Football Conference (AFC) champion New England Patriots defeated the National Football Conference (NFC) champion Seattle Seahawks, 28 -- 24, to earn their fourth Super Bowl title. The game was played on February 1, 2015, at University of Phoenix Stadium in Glendale, Arizona. It was the second time the stadium has hosted a Super Bowl, and the third one held in the Phoenix metropolitan area.",
"title": "Super Bowl XLIX"
},
{
"idx": 8,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Mes Sarcheshmeh Stadium is a multi-purpose stadium in Sarcheshmeh, Kerman, Iran. It is currently used mostly for football matches. The stadium was built in 2010 and has a capacity of 15,000 people. Mes Sarcheshmeh F.C. play their games at the stadium.",
"title": "Mes Sarcheshmeh Stadium"
},
{
"idx": 9,
"is_supporting": true,
"paragraph_text": "\"This Is the Time\" is a song performed by Billy Joel released as the third single from his album \"The Bridge\".",
"title": "This Is the Time (song)"
},
{
"idx": 10,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "The team was founded in 1959 as the Titans of New York, an original member of the American Football League (AFL); later, the franchise joined the NFL in the AFL -- NFL merger in 1970. The team began to play in 1960 at the Polo Grounds. Under new ownership, the current name was adopted in 1963 and the franchise moved to Shea Stadium in 1964 and then to the Meadowlands Sports Complex in 1984. The Jets advanced to the playoffs for the first time in 1968 and went on to compete in Super Bowl III where they defeated the Baltimore Colts, becoming the first AFL team to defeat an NFL club in an AFL -- NFL World Championship Game. Since 1968, the Jets have appeared in the playoffs 13 times, and in the AFC Championship Game four times, most recently losing to the Pittsburgh Steelers in 2010. However, the Jets have never returned to the Super Bowl, making them one of three NFL teams to win their lone Super Bowl appearance, along with the New Orleans Saints and Tampa Bay Buccaneers. Apart from the Cleveland Browns and Detroit Lions, who have never reached the Super Bowl, the Jets' drought is the longest among current NFL franchises.",
"title": "New York Jets"
},
{
"idx": 11,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Stephen Shea (born December 21, 1961 in Los Angeles, California) is a former child actor most noted for voicing the character of Linus van Pelt (inheriting the role from his older brother, Christopher) in seven animated \"Peanuts\" television specials (\"Play It Again, Charlie Brown\", \"You're Not Elected, Charlie Brown\", \"There's No Time for Love, Charlie Brown\", \"A Charlie Brown Thanksgiving\", \"It's a Mystery, Charlie Brown\", \"It's the Easter Beagle, Charlie Brown\", and \"Be My Valentine, Charlie Brown\"), and in the feature-length animated film \"Snoopy Come Home\". Stephen is also the brother of actor Eric Shea.",
"title": "Stephen Shea"
},
{
"idx": 12,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Hermann Stadium, or fully, Robert R. Hermann Stadium is located in Midtown St. Louis, Missouri, on the campus of Saint Louis University. The first game played was August 21, 1999. This is where both the Billiken men's and women's soccer teams play. Also, several other events take place here, such as pep rallies and the University's Relay For Life. The seating capacity of the stadium is 6,050. The stadium is named after Bob Hermann.",
"title": "Hermann Stadium"
},
{
"idx": 13,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "The Beatles at Shea Stadium is a fifty - minute - long documentary of the Beatles' 15 August 1965, concert at Shea Stadium in New York City, the highlight of the group's 1965 tour. The documentary was produced by Ed Sullivan (under his Sullivan Productions banner), NEMS Enterprises (which owns the 1965 copyright), and the Beatles company Subafilms. The project, placed under the direction of manager of production operations M. Clay Adams, was filmed by a large crew led by cinematographer Andrew Laszlo. Fourteen cameras were used to capture the euphoria and mass hysteria that was Beatlemania in America in 1965. The documentary first aired on BBC1 on 1 March 1966. In West Germany, it aired on 2 August that year. It aired in the United States on ABC on 10 January 1967.",
"title": "The Beatles at Shea Stadium"
},
{
"idx": 14,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "The song has been played at Fenway Park, home of Major League Baseball's Boston Red Sox, since at least 1997, and in the middle of the eighth inning at every game since 2002. On opening night of the 2010 season at Fenway Park, the song was performed by Diamond himself. ``Sweet Caroline ''was played at Penn State Nittany Lions football games at Beaver Stadium until August 2012, halting after the Penn State child sex abuse scandal. Performances at Beaver Stadium resumed in September 2013, however. The song is played at the start of the fourth quarter of Pittsburgh Panthers Football games at Heinz Field. In response, West Virginia University students in turn will yell`` eat shit, Pitt'' during the refrain if heard played. It is also an unofficial song of the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, being played at athletic events and pep rallies.",
"title": "Sweet Caroline"
},
{
"idx": 15,
"is_supporting": true,
"paragraph_text": "Live at Shea Stadium: The Concert is a CD and DVD music compilation of songs performed by American singer / songwriter Billy Joel during two concerts at Shea Stadium in New York City on July 16 and 18 of 2008. It was released on March 8, 2011. The film was produced by Jon Small, Joel's former bandmate in the 1960s groups The Hassles and Attila.",
"title": "Live at Shea Stadium: The Concert"
},
{
"idx": 16,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "The John Gilmary Shea Prize is an annual award given by the American Catholic Historical Association for the most original and distinguished contribution to knowledge of the history of the Catholic Church. Established in 1945, it is named in honor of the nineteenth century Catholic historian John Gilmary Shea.",
"title": "John Gilmary Shea Prize"
},
{
"idx": 17,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "The semi-finals have been played exclusively at the rebuilt Wembley Stadium since 2008, one year after it opened and after it had already hosted a final (in 2007). For the first decade of the competition, the Kennington Oval was used as the semi-final venue. In the period between this first decade and the reopening of Wembley, semi-finals were played at high-capacity neutral venues around England; usually the home grounds of teams not involved in that semi-final, chosen to be roughly equidistant between the two teams for fairness of travel. The top three most used venues in this period were Villa Park in Birmingham (55 times), Hillsborough in Sheffield (34 times) and Old Trafford in Manchester (23 times). The original Wembley Stadium was also used seven times for semi-final, between 1991 and 2000 (the last held there), but not always for fixtures featuring London teams. In 2005, both were held at the Millennium Stadium.",
"title": "FA Cup"
},
{
"idx": 18,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Fikret Karabudak Stadium, is a football stadium located in the city/town of Kırıkkale in Turkey, Europe. Fikret Karabudak Stadium has a maximum stadium capacity of 5402 spectators. MKE Kırıkkalespor are the main occupants of the stadium. MKE Kırıkkalespor plays their domestic home football fixtures at Fikret Karabudak Stadium.",
"title": "Fikret Karabudak Stadium"
},
{
"idx": 19,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "In September 1965, CBS started televising the program in compatible color, as all three major networks began to switch to 100 percent color prime time schedules. CBS had once backed its own color system, developed by Peter Goldmark, and resisted using RCA's compatible process until 1954. At that time, it built its first New York City color TV studio, Studio 72, in a former RKO movie theater at 2248 Broadway (81st Street). One Ed Sullivan Show was broadcast on August 22, 1954, from the new studio, but it was mostly used for one - time - only specials such as Rodgers and Hammerstein's March 31, 1957 Cinderella. (The facility was later acquired by TeleTape Productions and notably became the first studio where the PBS children's program Sesame Street was produced.) CBS Studio 72 was demolished in 1986 and replaced by an apartment house. CBS Studio 50 was finally ``colorized ''in 1965. The 1965 -- 66 season premiere starred the Beatles in an episode airing on September 12, which was the last episode to air in black and white. This occurred because the episode was taped at the Beatles' convenience on August 14, the eve of their Shea Stadium performance and a two - week tour of North America, slightly before the program was ready for color transmission.",
"title": "The Ed Sullivan Show"
}
],
"question": "When did the performer known for This is the Time play at Shea Stadium?",
"question_decomposition": [
{
"answer": "Billy Joel",
"id": 486709,
"paragraph_support_idx": 9,
"question": "This Is the Time >> performer"
},
{
"answer": "July 16 and 18 of 2008",
"id": 69931,
"paragraph_support_idx": 15,
"question": "when did #1 play at shea stadium"
}
]
} |
2hop__37772_754711 | Who played the person whose ideas influenced the Declaration of Independence? | Terry O'Quinn | [
"Terry O'Quinn"
] | {
"answer": "Terry O'Quinn",
"answer_aliases": [],
"answerable": true,
"id": "2hop__37772_754711",
"paragraphs": [
{
"idx": 0,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Signing of the United States Declaration of Independence John Trumbull's painting Declaration of Independence, depicting the five - man drafting committee of the Declaration of Independence presenting their work to the Second Continental Congress Date August 2, 1776 (1776 - 08 - 02) Venue Independence Hall Location Philadelphia, Pennsylvania Coordinates 39 ° 56 ′ 56 ''N 75 ° 09 ′ 00'' W / 39.948889 ° N 75.15 ° W / 39.948889; - 75.15 Coordinates: 39 ° 56 ′ 56 ''N 75 ° 09 ′ 00'' W / 39.948889 ° N 75.15 ° W / 39.948889; - 75.15 Participants Delegates to the Second Continental Congress",
"title": "Signing of the United States Declaration of Independence"
},
{
"idx": 1,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "The shortcomings of Aristotelian physics would not be fully corrected until the 17th century work of Galileo Galilei, who was influenced by the late Medieval idea that objects in forced motion carried an innate force of impetus. Galileo constructed an experiment in which stones and cannonballs were both rolled down an incline to disprove the Aristotelian theory of motion early in the 17th century. He showed that the bodies were accelerated by gravity to an extent that was independent of their mass and argued that objects retain their velocity unless acted on by a force, for example friction.",
"title": "Force"
},
{
"idx": 2,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "The United States Declaration of Independence is the statement adopted by the Second Continental Congress meeting at the Pennsylvania State House (Independence Hall) in Philadelphia on July 4, 1776, which announced that the thirteen American colonies, then at war with the Kingdom of Great Britain, regarded themselves as thirteen independent sovereign states, no longer under British rule. These states would found a new nation -- the United States of America. John Adams was a leader in pushing for independence, which was passed on July 2 with no opposing vote cast. A committee of five had already drafted the formal declaration, to be ready when Congress voted on independence.",
"title": "United States Declaration of Independence"
},
{
"idx": 3,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "On 20 June 1990, Uzbekistan declared its state sovereignty. On 31 August 1991, Uzbekistan declared independence after the failed coup attempt in Moscow. 1 September was proclaimed the National Independence Day. The Soviet Union was dissolved on 26 December of that year.",
"title": "Uzbekistan"
},
{
"idx": 4,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "The United States Declaration of Independence is the statement adopted by the Second Continental Congress meeting at the Pennsylvania State House (now known as Independence Hall) in Philadelphia on July 4, 1776. The Declaration announced that the thirteen American colonies at war with the Kingdom of Great Britain would now regard themselves as thirteen independent sovereign states no longer under British rule. With the Declaration, these states formed a new nation -- the United States of America.",
"title": "United States Declaration of Independence"
},
{
"idx": 5,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Michel Saint-Denis (13 September 1897 – 31 July 1971), \"dit\" Jacques Duchesne, was a French actor, theater director, and drama theorist whose ideas on actor training have had a profound influence on the development of European theater from the 1930s on.",
"title": "Michel Saint-Denis"
},
{
"idx": 6,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Roger Sherman denied the legislative authority of Parliament, and Patrick Henry believed that the Congress needed to develop a completely new system of government, independent from Great Britain, for the existing Colonial governments were already dissolved. In contrast to these ideas, Joseph Galloway put forward a ``Plan of Union ''which suggested that an American legislative body be formed with some authority, whose consent would be required for imperial measures.",
"title": "First Continental Congress"
},
{
"idx": 7,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "The Texas Declaration of Independence was the formal declaration of independence of the Republic of Texas from Mexico in the Texas Revolution. It was adopted at the Convention of 1836 at Washington - on - the - Brazos on March 2, 1836, and formally signed the following day after mistakes were noted in the text.",
"title": "Texas Declaration of Independence"
},
{
"idx": 8,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Émile-Louis Burnouf (; 26 August 1821, in Valognes – January 1907, in Paris) was a leading nineteenth-century Orientalist and racialist whose ideas influenced the development of theosophy and Aryanism. He was a professor at the faculté de lettres at Nancy University, then principal of the French School at Athens from 1867 to 1875. He was also the author of a Sanskrit-French dictionary.",
"title": "Émile-Louis Burnouf"
},
{
"idx": 9,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "The Virginia Declaration of Rights is a document drafted in 1776 to proclaim the inherent rights of men, including the right to reform or abolish ``inadequate ''government. It influenced a number of later documents, including the United States Declaration of Independence (1776) and the United States Bill of Rights (1789).",
"title": "Virginia Declaration of Rights"
},
{
"idx": 10,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "During the American Revolution, the legal separation of the Thirteen Colonies from Great Britain in 1776 actually occurred on July 2, when the Second Continental Congress voted to approve a resolution of independence that had been proposed in June by Richard Henry Lee of Virginia declaring the United States independent from Great Britain rule. After voting for independence, Congress turned its attention to the Declaration of Independence, a statement explaining this decision, which had been prepared by a Committee of Five, with Thomas Jefferson as its principal author. Congress debated and revised the wording of the Declaration, finally approving it two days later on July 4. A day earlier, John Adams had written to his wife Abigail:",
"title": "Independence Day (United States)"
},
{
"idx": 11,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Heritage buildings constructed during the Qutb Shahi and Nizam eras showcase Indo-Islamic architecture influenced by Medieval, Mughal and European styles. After the 1908 flooding of the Musi River, the city was expanded and civic monuments constructed, particularly during the rule of Mir Osman Ali Khan (the VIIth Nizam), whose patronage of architecture led to him being referred to as the maker of modern Hyderabad. In 2012, the government of India declared Hyderabad the first \"Best heritage city of India\".",
"title": "Hyderabad"
},
{
"idx": 12,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Ahmed Hulusi (born 1945 in Istanbul, Turkey) is an Islamic author from Turkey, whose works focus on philosophical and religious ideas.",
"title": "Ahmed Hulusi"
},
{
"idx": 13,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Independence Day, also referred to as the Fourth of July or July Fourth, is a federal holiday in the United States commemorating the adoption of the Declaration of Independence on July 4, 1776. The Continental Congress declared that the thirteen American colonies regarded themselves as a new nation, the United States of America, and were no longer part of the British Empire. The Congress actually voted to declare independence two days earlier, on July 2.",
"title": "Independence Day (United States)"
},
{
"idx": 14,
"is_supporting": true,
"paragraph_text": "Democracy, social-contract theory, separation of powers, religious freedom, separation of church and state – these achievements of the Reformation and early Protestantism were elaborated on and popularized by Enlightenment thinkers. Some of the philosophers of the English, Scottish, German, and Swiss Enlightenment - Thomas Hobbes, John Locke, John Toland, David Hume, Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz, Christian Wolff, Immanuel Kant, and Jean-Jacques Rousseau - had Protestant backgrounds. For example, John Locke, whose political thought was based on \"a set of Protestant Christian assumptions\", derived the equality of all humans, including the equality of the genders (\"Adam and Eve\"), from Genesis 1, 26-28. As all persons were created equally free, all governments needed \"the consent of the governed.\" These Lockean ideas were fundamental to the United States Declaration of Independence, which also deduced human rights from the biblical belief in creation: \"We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable Rights, that among these are Life, Liberty, and the pursuit of Happiness.\"",
"title": "Protestantism"
},
{
"idx": 15,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "The revolution began in October 1835, after a decade of political and cultural clashes between the Mexican government and the increasingly large population of American settlers in Texas. The Mexican governmnt had become increasingly centralized and the rights of its citizens had become increasingly curtailed, particularly regarding immigration from the United States. Colonists and Tejanos disagreed on whether the ultimate goal was independence or a return to the Mexican Constitution of 1824. While delegates at the Consultation (provisional government) debated the war's motives, Texians and a flood of volunteers from the United States defeated the small garrisons of Mexican soldiers by mid-December 1835. The Consultation declined to declare independence and installed an interim government, whose infighting led to political paralysis and a dearth of effective governance in Texas. An ill - conceived proposal to invade Matamoros siphoned much - needed volunteers and provisions from the fledgling Texas army. In March 1836, a second political convention declared independence and appointed leadership for the new Republic of Texas.",
"title": "Texas Revolution"
},
{
"idx": 16,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "On 14 May 1948, on the last day of the British Mandate, Ben-Gurion declared the independence of the state of Israel. In the Israeli declaration of independence, he stated that the new nation would \"uphold the full social and political equality of all its citizens, without distinction of religion, race\".",
"title": "David Ben-Gurion"
},
{
"idx": 17,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Jeezy released his first independent album, Thuggin 'Under the Influence (T.U.I.), in 2001 under the name Lil J. It featured artists such as Freddy J., Kinky B, Fidank, and Lil Jon, who also produced some of the tracks. In 2003, Jeezy released (also independently) Come Shop wit Me, a two - CD set featuring completely new tracks with some songs from T.U.I. Jeezy signed with Bad Boy Records in 2004 and joined the group Boyz n da Hood, whose self - titled album was released in June 2005 and peaked at # 5 on the Billboard 200 albums charts.",
"title": "Jeezy"
},
{
"idx": 18,
"is_supporting": true,
"paragraph_text": "John Locke is a fictional character played by Terry O'Quinn on the ABC television series \"Lost\". He is named after the English philosopher of the same name. In 2007, O'Quinn won the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Supporting Actor in a Drama Series for his portrayal of Locke.",
"title": "John Locke (Lost)"
},
{
"idx": 19,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "The framers of the US Constitution were influenced by the Constitution of the Republic of the United Provinces, as Federalist No. 20, by James Madison, shows. Such influence appears, however, to have been of a negative nature, as Madison describes the Dutch confederacy as exhibiting \"Imbecility in the government; discord among the provinces; foreign influence and indignities; a precarious existence in peace, and peculiar calamities from war.\" Apart from this, the American Declaration of Independence is similar to the Act of Abjuration, essentially the declaration of independence of the United Provinces, but concrete evidence that the former directly influenced the latter is absent.",
"title": "Dutch Republic"
}
],
"question": "Who played the person whose ideas influenced the Declaration of Independence?",
"question_decomposition": [
{
"answer": "John Locke",
"id": 37772,
"paragraph_support_idx": 14,
"question": "Whose ideas influenced the Declaration of Independence?"
},
{
"answer": "Terry O'Quinn",
"id": 754711,
"paragraph_support_idx": 18,
"question": "#1 >> performer"
}
]
} |
2hop__836_3807 | At the 2008 Summer Olympics torch relay, how many supporters of the region where the Yongle Emperor sent Yang Sanbao, were expected in Canberra to protest? | 600 | [
"600"
] | {
"answer": "600",
"answer_aliases": [],
"answerable": true,
"id": "2hop__836_3807",
"paragraphs": [
{
"idx": 0,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "John Knox (1505–1572), a Scot who had spent time studying under Calvin in Geneva, returned to Scotland and urged his countrymen to reform the Church in line with Calvinist doctrines. After a period of religious convulsion and political conflict culminating in a victory for the Protestant party at the Siege of Leith the authority of the Church of Rome was abolished in favour of Reformation by the legislation of the Scottish Reformation Parliament in 1560. The Church was eventually organised by Andrew Melville along Presbyterian lines to become the national Church of Scotland. King James VI and I moved the Church of Scotland towards an episcopal form of government, and in 1637, James' successor, Charles I and William Laud, the Archbishop of Canterbury, attempted to force the Church of Scotland to use the Book of Common Prayer. What resulted was an armed insurrection, with many Scots signing the Solemn League and Covenant. The Covenanters would serve as the government of Scotland for nearly a decade, and would also send military support to the Parliamentarians during the English Civil War. Following the restoration of the monarchy in 1660, Charles II, despite the initial support that he received from the Covenanters, reinstated an episcopal form of government on the church.",
"title": "Presbyterianism"
},
{
"idx": 1,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Title Date Story Script Art Colors Notes The Promise January 26, 2012 Michael Dante DiMartino Bryan Konietzko Gene Luen Yang Gene Luen Yang Gurihiru May 30, 2012 September 26, 2012 The Search March 20, 2013 Michael Dante DiMartino Bryan Konietzko Gene Luen Yang Gene Luen Yang Gurihiru July 10, 2013 October 30, 2013 The Rift March 5, 2014 Michael Dante DiMartino Bryan Konietzko Gene Luen Yang Gene Luen Yang Gurihiru July 16, 2014 November 18, 2014 Smoke and Shadow October 6, 2015 Michael Dante DiMartino Bryan Konietzko Gene Luen Yang Gene Luen Yang Gurihiru December 29, 2015 April 12, 2016 North and South September 28, 2016 Michael Dante DiMartino Bryan Konietzko Gene Luen Yang Gene Luen Yang Gurihiru January 25, 2017 April 26, 2017 Imbalance December 18, 2018 Michael Dante DiMartino Bryan Konietzko Faith Erin Hicks Faith Erin Hicks Peter Wartman Ryan Hill March 13, 2019 TBA, 2019",
"title": "Avatar: The Last Airbender (comics)"
},
{
"idx": 2,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Braddon (postcode: 2612) is an inner north suburb of Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia located adjacent to the Canberra CBD.",
"title": "Braddon, Australian Capital Territory"
},
{
"idx": 3,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "It is believed that Nanjing was the largest city in the world from 1358 to 1425 with a population of 487,000 in 1400. Nanjing remained the capital of the Ming Empire until 1421, when the third emperor of the Ming dynasty, the Yongle Emperor, relocated the capital to Beijing.",
"title": "Nanjing"
},
{
"idx": 4,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "With the example of the Ming court's relationship with the fifth Karmapa and other Tibetan leaders, Norbu states that Chinese Communist historians have failed to realize the significance of the religious aspect of the Ming-Tibetan relationship. He writes that the meetings of lamas with the Emperor of China were exchanges of tribute between \"the patron and the priest\" and were not merely instances of a political subordinate paying tribute to a superior. He also notes that the items of tribute were Buddhist artifacts which symbolized \"the religious nature of the relationship.\" Josef Kolmaš writes that the Ming dynasty did not exercise any direct political control over Tibet, content with their tribute relations that were \"almost entirely of a religious character.\" Patricia Ann Berger writes that the Yongle Emperor's courting and granting of titles to lamas was his attempt to \"resurrect the relationship between China and Tibet established earlier by the Yuan dynastic founder Khubilai Khan and his guru Phagpa.\" She also writes that the later Qing emperors and their Mongol associates viewed the Yongle Emperor's relationship with Tibet as \"part of a chain of reincarnation that saw this Han Chinese emperor as yet another emanation of Manjusri.\"",
"title": "Sino-Tibetan relations during the Ming dynasty"
},
{
"idx": 5,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Phillip (postcode: 2606) is a suburb of Canberra, Australia in the district of Woden Valley. It is located in the centre of the district and contains the district's main commercial centre, Woden Town Centre. Phillip had a residential population of 2,936 at the . 47.9% of its occupied dwellings were flats and 51.9% were semi-detached, terraces or townhouses. Many more flats are being planned or built. In 2011, 42.8% of the population was foreign born, the fourth highest for any Canberra suburb.",
"title": "Phillip, Australian Capital Territory"
},
{
"idx": 6,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Questacon – the National Science and Technology Centre, is located on the southern shore of Lake Burley Griffin in Canberra, Australia. It is a large centre with more than 200 interactive exhibits relating to science and technology. It has many science programs that are devoted to inspiring the children of Australia to love science.",
"title": "Questacon"
},
{
"idx": 7,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Gao Yanzong was the fifth son of Gao Cheng, who was the heir of Eastern Wei's paramount general Gao Huan, and who took over the regency of Eastern Wei after Gao Huan's death in 547. Gao Yanzong's mother was Gao Cheng's concubine Lady Chen, who was previously a concubine of Yuan Dan (元湛) the Prince of Guangyang, but his birth year is not known in history. As Gao Cheng was assassinated by his servant Lan Jing (蘭京) in 549, Gao Yanzong was raised by Gao Cheng's younger brother Gao Yang, who seized the throne from Emperor Xiaojing of Eastern Wei in 550, establishing Northern Qi as its Emperor Wenxuan. Emperor Wenxuan was described as loving Gao Yanzong so much that even when Gao Yanzong was 11, he still had Gao Yanzong ride him for game. In or sometime before 555, Emperor Wenxuan asked Gao Yanzong what princely title he wanted, and Gao Yanzong responded, \"I want to be the Prince of Chongtian (衝天, meaning, \"rising to heaven\").\" The prime minister Yang Yin commented, \"There is no such commandery on earth. I wish that he would be satisfied (安, \"an\") with virtues (德, \"de\").\" Emperor Wenxuan thus created Gao Yanzong the Prince of Ande in 555.",
"title": "Gao Yanzong"
},
{
"idx": 8,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Yang Pu was born in 900, during the reign of Emperor Zhaozong of Tang, as the fourth son of the major late-Tang warlord Yang Xingmi the military governor (\"Jiedushi\") of Huainan Circuit (淮南, headquartered in modern Yangzhou, Jiangsu), whose domain would become Wu eventually. His mother was Yang Xingmi's concubine Lady Wang. In 919, during the reign of his older brother Yang Longyan (King Xuan, Yang Xingmi's second son, who in turn succeeded another older brother, Yang Wo (Prince Wei of Hongnong)), Yang Pu was created the Duke of Danyang.",
"title": "Yang Pu"
},
{
"idx": 9,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Tibetan sources say Deshin Shekpa also persuaded the Yongle Emperor not to impose his military might on Tibet as the Mongols had previously done. Thinley writes that before the Karmapa returned to Tibet, the Yongle Emperor began planning to send a military force into Tibet to forcibly give the Karmapa authority over all the Tibetan Buddhist schools but Deshin Shekpa dissuaded him. However, Hok-Lam Chan states that \"there is little evidence that this was ever the emperor's intention\" and that evidence indicates that Deshin Skekpa was invited strictly for religious purposes.",
"title": "Sino-Tibetan relations during the Ming dynasty"
},
{
"idx": 10,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "In history, Yang Wenguang was the son of Yang Yanzhao, however, he is the grandson of Yang Yanzhao in the popular fictionalized stories of Yang clan warriors.",
"title": "Yang Wenguang"
},
{
"idx": 11,
"is_supporting": true,
"paragraph_text": "Up to 600 pro-Tibet protesters were expected to attend the relay, along with between 2,000 and 10,000 Chinese supporters. Taking note of the high number of Chinese supporters, Ted Quinlan, head of the Canberra torch relay committee, said: \"We didn't expect this reaction from the Chinese community. It is obviously a well-coordinated plan to take the day by weight of numbers. But we have assurances that it will be done peacefully.\". Also, Australia's ACT Chief Minister, Jon Stanhope confirmed that the Chinese embassy was closely involve to ensure that \"pro-China demonstrators vastly outnumbered Tibetan activists.\" Australian freestyle swimmer and five-time Olympic gold medalist Ian Thorpe ended the Australian leg of the torch relay April 24, 2008, touching the flame to light a cauldron after a run that was only marginally marked by protests. People demonstrated both for China and for Tibet. At least five people were arrested during the torch relay. Police said \"the five were arrested for interfering with the event under special powers enacted in the wake of massive protests against Chinese policy toward Tibet.\" At one point, groups of Chinese students surrounded and intimidated pro-Tibet protesters. One person had to be pulled aboard a police launch when a group of pro-Chinese students looked like they might force him into the lake.",
"title": "2008 Summer Olympics torch relay"
},
{
"idx": 12,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "The site of the Forbidden City was situated on the Imperial city during the Mongol Yuan Dynasty. After the collapse of the Yuan Dynasty, the Hongwu Emperor of the Ming Dynasty moved the capital from Beijing in the north to Nanjing in the south, and in 1369 ordered that the Yuan palaces be razed. His son Zhu Di was created Prince of Yan with his seat in Beijing. In 1402, Zhu Di usurped the throne and became the Yongle Emperor. He made Beijing a secondary capital of the Ming empire, and construction began in 1406 of what would become the Forbidden City. The Forbidden City's plan was designed by many architects and designers, and then it was examined by the Emperor's Ministry of Work. The chief architects and engineers include Cai Xin, Nguyen An, a Vietnamese eunuch, Kuai Xiang, Lu Xiang and others.",
"title": "History of the Forbidden City"
},
{
"idx": 13,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Marsha Weidner states that Deshin Shekpa's miracles \"testified to the power of both the emperor and his guru and served as a legitimizing tool for the emperor's problematic succession to the throne,\" referring to the Yongle Emperor's conflict with the previous Jianwen Emperor. Tsai writes that Deshin Shekpa aided the legitimacy of the Yongle Emperor's rule by providing him with portents and omens which demonstrated Heaven's favor of the Yongle Emperor on the Ming throne.",
"title": "Sino-Tibetan relations during the Ming dynasty"
},
{
"idx": 14,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Historians Luciano Petech and Sato Hisashi argue that the Ming upheld a \"divide-and-rule\" policy towards a weak and politically fragmented Tibet after the Sakya regime had fallen. Chan writes that this was perhaps the calculated strategy of the Yongle Emperor, as exclusive patronage to one Tibetan sect would have given it too much regional power. Sperling finds no textual evidence in either Chinese or Tibetan sources to support this thesis of Petech and Hisashi. Norbu asserts that their thesis is largely based on the list of Ming titles conferred on Tibetan lamas rather than \"comparative analysis of developments in China and Tibet.\" Rossabi states that this theory \"attributes too much influence to the Chinese,\" pointing out that Tibet was already politically divided when the Ming dynasty began. Rossabi also discounts the \"divide-and-rule\" theory on the grounds of the Yongle Emperor's failed attempt to build a strong relationship with the fifth Karmapa—one which he hoped would parallel Kublai Khan's earlier relationship with the Sakya Phagpa lama. Instead, the Yongle Emperor followed the Karmapa's advice of giving patronage to many different Tibetan lamas.",
"title": "Sino-Tibetan relations during the Ming dynasty"
},
{
"idx": 15,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Paul VI supported the new-found harmony and cooperation with Protestants on so many levels. When Cardinal Augustin Bea went to see him for permission for a joint Catholic-Protestant translation of the Bible with Protestant Bible societies, the pope walked towards him and exclaimed, \"as far as the cooperation with Bible societies is concerned, I am totally in favour.\" He issued a formal approval on Pentecost 1967, the feast on which the Holy Spirit descended on the Christians, overcoming all linguistic difficulties, according to Christian tradition.",
"title": "Pope Paul VI"
},
{
"idx": 16,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Emperor Xuanzong of Tang (; 8 September 685 – 3 May 762), also commonly known as Emperor Ming of Tang or Illustrious August, personal name Li Longji, also known as Wu Longji () from 690 to 705, was the seventh emperor of the Tang dynasty in China, reigning from 713 to 756 CE. His reign of 43 years was the longest during the Tang dynasty. In the early half of his reign he was a diligent and astute ruler. Ably assisted by capable chancellors like Yao Chong, Song Jing and Zhang Yue, he was credited with bringing Tang China to a pinnacle of culture and power. Emperor Xuanzong, however, was blamed for over-trusting Li Linfu, Yang Guozhong and An Lushan during his late reign, with Tang's golden age ending in the Anshi Rebellion.",
"title": "Emperor Xuanzong of Tang"
},
{
"idx": 17,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Yang Longyan was born in 897, during the reign of Emperor Zhaozong of Tang; he was the second son of Yang Xingmi, who, by the time of his birth, was a major warlord as the military governor (\"Jiedushi\") of Huainan Circuit (淮南, headquartered in modern Yangzhou, Jiangsu). His mother was Yang Xingmi's concubine Lady Shi, who was also the mother of his older brother Yang Wo. (Yang Longyan's four younger brothers all appear to be born of different mothers; Yang Pu was known to be born of Lady Wang, while the mothers of the other three brothers were lost to history.) After Yang Xingmi's death in 905, Yang Wo inherited his domain and carried the title of Prince of Hongnong.",
"title": "Yang Longyan"
},
{
"idx": 18,
"is_supporting": true,
"paragraph_text": "Shih-Shan Henry Tsai writes that the Yongle Emperor sent his eunuch Yang Sanbao into Tibet in 1413 to gain the allegiance of various Tibetan princes, while the Yongle Emperor paid a small fortune in return gifts for tributes in order to maintain the loyalty of neighboring vassal states such as Nepal and Tibet. However, Van Praag states that Tibetan rulers upheld their own separate relations with the kingdoms of Nepal and Kashmir, and at times \"engaged in armed confrontation with them.\"",
"title": "Sino-Tibetan relations during the Ming dynasty"
},
{
"idx": 19,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Australia: The event was held in Canberra, Australian Capital Territory on April 24, and covered around 16 km of Canberra's central areas, from Reconciliation Place to Commonwealth Park. Upon its arrival in Canberra, the Olympic flame was presented by Chinese officials to local Aboriginal elder Agnes Shea, of the Ngunnawal people. She, in turn, offered them a message stick, as a gift of peace and welcome. Hundreds of pro-Tibet protesters and thousands of Chinese students reportedly attended. Demonstrators and counter-demonstrators were kept apart by the Australian Federal Police. Preparations for the event were marred by a disagreement over the role of the Chinese flame attendants, with Australian and Chinese officials arguing publicly over their function and prerogatives during a press conference.",
"title": "2008 Summer Olympics torch relay"
}
],
"question": "At the 2008 Summer Olympics torch relay, how many supporters of the region where the Yongle Emperor sent Yang Sanbao, were expected in Canberra to protest?",
"question_decomposition": [
{
"answer": "Tibet",
"id": 836,
"paragraph_support_idx": 18,
"question": "Where did the Yongle Emperor send Yang Sanbao?"
},
{
"answer": "600",
"id": 3807,
"paragraph_support_idx": 11,
"question": "How many supporters of #1 were expected in Canberra to protest?"
}
]
} |
4hop3__31642_754527_829113_20507 | When was the country having Gualaca colonized by the country containing All Saints Church in the city having terrorist bombing supposedly involving Gaddafi's Libya? | 1698 | [
"1698"
] | {
"answer": "1698",
"answer_aliases": [],
"answerable": true,
"id": "4hop3__31642_754527_829113_20507",
"paragraphs": [
{
"idx": 0,
"is_supporting": true,
"paragraph_text": "Gualaca is a corregimiento in Gualaca District, Chiriquí Province, Panama. It is the seat of Gualaca District. It has a land area of and had a population of 5,605 as of 2010, giving it a population density of . Its population as of 1990 was 4,099; its population as of 2000 was 4,430.",
"title": "Gualaca"
},
{
"idx": 1,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "The Islamic Museum of Tripoli is a proposed museum of Islamic culture that was built under the support and patronage of Saif al-Islam Gaddafi in Tripoli, Libya.",
"title": "Islamic Museum of Tripoli"
},
{
"idx": 2,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Libya (; ; ), officially the State of Libya, is a country in the Maghreb region in North Africa, bordered by the Mediterranean Sea to the north, Egypt to the east, Sudan to the southeast, Chad to the south, Niger to the southwest, Algeria to the west, and Tunisia to the northwest. The sovereign state is made of three historical regions: Tripolitania, Fezzan and Cyrenaica. With an area of almost , Libya is the fourth largest country in Africa, and is the 16th largest country in the world. Libya has the 10th-largest proven oil reserves of any country in the world. The largest city and capital, Tripoli, is located in western Libya and contains over one million of Libya's six million people. The second-largest city is Benghazi, which is located in eastern Libya.",
"title": "Libya"
},
{
"idx": 3,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "The early and mid-1980s saw economic trouble for Libya; from 1982 to 1986, the country's annual oil revenues dropped from $21 billion to $5.4 billion. Focusing on irrigation projects, 1983 saw construction start on \"Gaddafi's Pet Project\", the Great Man-Made River; although designed to be finished by the end of the decade, it remained incomplete at the start of the 21st century. Military spending increased, while other administrative budgets were cut back. Libya had long supported the FROLINAT militia in neighbouring Chad, and in December 1980, re-invaded Chad at the request of the Frolinat-controlled GUNT government to aid in the civil war; in January 1981, Gaddafi suggested a political merger. The Organisation of African Unity (OAU) rejected this, and called for a Libyan withdrawal, which came about in November 1981. The civil war resumed, and so Libya sent troops back in, clashing with French forces who supported the southern Chadian forces. Many African nations had tired of Libya's policies of interference in foreign affairs; by 1980, nine African states had cut off diplomatic relations with Libya, while in 1982 the OAU cancelled its scheduled conference in Tripoli in order to prevent Gaddafi gaining chairmanship. Proposing political unity with Morocco, in August 1984, Gaddafi and Moroccan monarch Hassan II signed the Oujda Treaty, forming the Arab-African Union; such a union was considered surprising due to the strong political differences and longstanding enmity that existed between the two governments. Relations remained strained, particularly due to Morocco's friendly relations with the U.S. and Israel; in August 1986, Hassan abolished the union. Domestic threats continued to plague Gaddafi; in May 1984, his Bab al-Azizia home was unsuccessfully attacked by a joint NFSL–Muslim Brotherhood militia, and in the aftermath 5000 dissidents were arrested.",
"title": "Muammar Gaddafi"
},
{
"idx": 4,
"is_supporting": true,
"paragraph_text": "In 1977, Gaddafi dissolved the Republic and created a new socialist state, the Jamahiriya (\"state of the masses\"). Officially adopting a symbolic role in governance, he retained power as military commander-in-chief and head of the Revolutionary Committees responsible for policing and suppressing opponents. Overseeing unsuccessful border conflicts with Egypt and Chad, Gaddafi's support for foreign militants and alleged responsibility for the Lockerbie bombing led to Libya's label of \"international pariah\". A particularly hostile relationship developed with the United States and United Kingdom, resulting in the 1986 U.S. bombing of Libya and United Nations-imposed economic sanctions. Rejecting his earlier ideological commitments, from 1999 Gaddafi encouraged economic privatization and sought rapprochement with Western nations, also embracing Pan-Africanism and helping to establish the African Union. Amid the Arab Spring, in 2011 an anti-Gaddafist uprising led by the National Transitional Council (NTC) broke out, resulting in the Libyan Civil War. NATO intervened militarily on the side of the NTC, bringing about the government's downfall. Retreating to Sirte, Gaddafi was captured and killed by NTC militants.",
"title": "Muammar Gaddafi"
},
{
"idx": 5,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "After the U.S. accused Libya of orchestrating the 1986 Berlin discotheque bombing, in which two American soldiers died, Reagan decided to retaliate militarily. The Central Intelligence Agency were critical of the move, believing that Syria were a greater threat and that an attack would strengthen Gaddafi's reputation; however Libya was recognised as a \"soft target.\" Reagan was supported by the U.K. but opposed by other European allies, who argued that it would contravene international law. In Operation El Dorado Canyon, orchestrated on 15 April 1986, U.S. military planes launched a series of air-strikes on Libya, bombing military installations in various parts of the country, killing around 100 Libyans, including several civilians. One of the targets had been Gaddafi's home. Himself unharmed, two of Gaddafi's sons were injured, and he claimed that his four-year-old adopted daughter Hanna was killed, although her existence has since been questioned. In the immediate aftermath, Gaddafi retreated to the desert to meditate, while there were sporadic clashes between Gaddafists and army officers who wanted to overthrow the government. Although the U.S. was condemned internationally, Reagan received a popularity boost at home. Publicly lambasting U.S. imperialism, Gaddafi's reputation as an anti-imperialist was strengthened both domestically and across the Arab world, and in June 1986, he ordered the names of the month to be changed in Libya.",
"title": "Muammar Gaddafi"
},
{
"idx": 6,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Bogotá (/ ˈboʊɡətɑː /, / ˌbɒɡəˈtɑː /, / ˌboʊ - /; Spanish pronunciation: (boɣoˈta) (listen)), officially Bogotá, Distrito Capital, abbreviated Bogotá, D.C., and formerly known as Santafé de Bogotá between 1991 and 2000, is the capital and largest city of Colombia, administered as the Capital District, although often thought of as part of Cundinamarca. Bogotá is a territorial entity of the first order, with the same administrative status as the departments of Colombia. It is the political, economic, administrative, industrial, artistic, cultural, and sports center of the country.",
"title": "Bogotá"
},
{
"idx": 7,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Ahmed Santos (born Hilarion del Rosario Santos III) is a Filipino who converted to Islam while working in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia in 1991. Santos was captured by Military officials for being involved in organizing and planning terrorist activities, including preparation of bombs. He is the founder of the Rajah Solaiman Movement.",
"title": "Ahmed Santos (militant)"
},
{
"idx": 8,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Gaddafi sought to develop closer links in the Maghreb; in January 1974 Libya and Tunisia announced a political union, the Arab Islamic Republic. Although advocated by Gaddafi and Tunisian President Habib Bourguiba, the move was deeply unpopular in Tunisia and soon abandoned. Retaliating, Gaddafi sponsored anti-government militants in Tunisia into the 1980s. Turning his attention to Algeria, in 1975 Libya signed the Hassi Messaoud defence agreement allegedly to counter \"Moroccan expansionism\", also funding the Polisario Front of Western Sahara in their independence struggle against Morocco. Seeking to diversify Libya's economy, Gaddafi's government began purchasing shares in major European corporations like Fiat as well as buying real estate in Malta and Italy, which would become a valuable source of income during the 1980s oil slump.",
"title": "Muammar Gaddafi"
},
{
"idx": 9,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Portugal was the leading country in the European exploration of the world in the 15th century. The Treaty of Tordesillas in 1494 divided the Earth outside Europe into Castilian and Portuguese global territorial hemispheres for exclusive conquest and colonization. Portugal colonized parts of South America (mostly Brazil), but also made some unsuccessful attempts to colonize North America in present - day Canada.",
"title": "Portuguese colonization of the Americas"
},
{
"idx": 10,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Bani Walid or Ben Walid, prior to 2007, was one of the districts of Libya, administrative town Bani Walid. In the 2007 administrative reorganization the territory formerly in Bani Walid District was transferred to Misrata District.",
"title": "Bani Walid District"
},
{
"idx": 11,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "In 1981, the new US President Ronald Reagan pursued a hard line approach to Libya, erroneously considering it a puppet regime of the Soviet Union. In turn, Gaddafi played up his commercial relationship with the Soviets, visiting Moscow again in April 1981 and 1985, and threatening to join the Warsaw Pact. The Soviets were nevertheless cautious of Gaddafi, seeing him as an unpredictable extremist. Beginning military exercises in the Gulf of Sirte – an area of sea that Libya claimed as a part of its territorial waters – in August 1981 the U.S. shot down two Libyan Su-22 planes monitoring them. Closing down Libya's embassy in Washington, D.C., Reagan advised U.S. companies operating in the country to reduce the number of American personnel stationed there. In March 1982, the U.S. implemented an embargo of Libyan oil, and in January 1986 ordered all U.S. companies to cease operating in the country, although several hundred workers remained. Diplomatic relations also broke down with the U.K., after Libyan diplomats were accused in the shooting death of Yvonne Fletcher, a British policewoman stationed outside their London embassy, in April 1984. In Spring 1986, the U.S. Navy again began performing exercises in the Gulf of Sirte; the Libyan military retaliated, but failed as the U.S. sank several Libyan ships.",
"title": "Muammar Gaddafi"
},
{
"idx": 12,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "From childhood, Gaddafi was aware of the involvement of European colonialists in Libya; his nation was occupied by Italy, and during the North African Campaign of World War II it witnessed conflict between Italian and British troops. According to later claims, Gaddafi's paternal grandfather, Abdessalam Bouminyar, was killed by the Italian Army during the Italian invasion of 1911. At World War II's end in 1945, Libya was occupied by British and French forces. Although Britain and France intended on dividing the nation between their empires, the General Assembly of the United Nations (UN) declared that the country be granted political independence. In 1951, the UN created the United Kingdom of Libya, a federal state under the leadership of a pro-western monarch, Idris, who banned political parties and established an absolute monarchy.",
"title": "Muammar Gaddafi"
},
{
"idx": 13,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "In 1968, Libya became signatory of Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty (NPT), ratified the treaty in 1975, and concluded a safeguards agreement in 1980. Despite its commitment to NPT, there are reports indicating that Muammar Gaddafi of Libya either made unsuccessful attempts to build or entered in an agreement to purchase a nuclear weapon from nuclear - armed nations. In the 1970s -- 80s, Gaddafi made numerous attempts to accelerate and push forward his ambitions for an active nuclear weapons program, using the nuclear black market sources. However, after the end of the Cold War in 1991, Gaddafi sought to resolve its nuclear crises with the United States aiming to uplift the sanctions against Libya, finally agreeing to authorize rolling back Libya's weapons of mass destruction program on December 2003.",
"title": "Disarmament of Libya"
},
{
"idx": 14,
"is_supporting": true,
"paragraph_text": "In 1695, the Scottish Parliament granted a charter to the Company of Scotland, which established a settlement in 1698 on the isthmus of Panama. Besieged by neighbouring Spanish colonists of New Granada, and afflicted by malaria, the colony was abandoned two years later. The Darien scheme was a financial disaster for Scotland—a quarter of Scottish capital was lost in the enterprise—and ended Scottish hopes of establishing its own overseas empire. The episode also had major political consequences, persuading the governments of both England and Scotland of the merits of a union of countries, rather than just crowns. This occurred in 1707 with the Treaty of Union, establishing the Kingdom of Great Britain.",
"title": "British Empire"
},
{
"idx": 15,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "The Jamahiriya's radical direction earned the government many enemies. In February 1978, Gaddafi discovered that his head of military intelligence was plotting to kill him, and began to increasingly entrust security to his Qaddadfa tribe. Many who had seen their wealth and property confiscated turned against the administration, and a number of western-funded opposition groups were founded by exiles. Most prominent was the National Front for the Salvation of Libya (NFSL), founded in 1981 by Mohammed Magariaf, which orchestrated militant attacks against Libya's government, while another, al-Borkan, began killing Libyan diplomats abroad. Following Gaddafi's command to kill these \"stray dogs\", under Colonel Younis Bilgasim's leadership, the Revolutionary Committees set up overseas branches to suppress counter-revolutionary activity, assassinating various dissidents. Although nearby nations like Syria also used hit squads, Gaddafi was unusual in publicly bragging about his administration's use of them; in June 1980, he ordered all dissidents to return home or be \"liquidated wherever you are.\"",
"title": "Muammar Gaddafi"
},
{
"idx": 16,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "On 16 April 1973, Gaddafi proclaimed the start of a \"Popular Revolution\" in a Zuwarah speech. He initiated this with a 5-point plan, the first point of which dissolved all existing laws, to be replaced by revolutionary enactments. The second point proclaimed that all opponents of the revolution had to be removed, while the third initiated an administrative revolution that Gaddafi proclaimed would remove all traces of bureaucracy and the bourgeoisie. The fourth point announced that the population must form People's Committees and be armed to defend the revolution, while the fifth proclaimed the beginning of a cultural revolution to expunge Libya of \"poisonous\" foreign influences. He began to lecture on this new phase of the revolution in Libya, Egypt, and France.",
"title": "Muammar Gaddafi"
},
{
"idx": 17,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "In 1989, Gaddafi was overjoyed by the foundation of the Arab Maghreb Union, uniting Libya in an economic pact with Mauritania, Morocco, Tunisia and Algeria, viewing it as beginnings of a new Pan-Arab union. Meanwhile, Libya stepped up its support for anti-western militants such as the Provisional IRA, and in 1988, Pan Am Flight 103 was blown up over Lockerbie in Scotland, killing 243 passengers and 16 crew members, plus 11 people on the ground. British police investigations identified two Libyans – Abdelbaset al-Megrahi and Lamin Khalifah Fhimah – as the chief suspects, and in November 1991 issued a declaration demanding that Libya hand them over. When Gaddafi refused, citing the Montreal Convention, the United Nations (UN) imposed Resolution 748 in March 1992, initiating economic sanctions against Libya which had deep repercussions for the country's economy. The country suffered an estimated $900 million financial loss as a result. Further problems arose with the west when in January 1989, two Libyan warplanes were shot down by the U.S. off the Libyan coast. Many African states opposed the UN sanctions, with Mandela criticising them on a visit to Gaddafi in October 1997, when he praised Libya for its work in fighting apartheid and awarded Gaddafi the Order of Good Hope. They would only be suspended in 1998 when Libya agreed to allow the extradition of the suspects to the Scottish Court in the Netherlands, in a process overseen by Mandela.",
"title": "Muammar Gaddafi"
},
{
"idx": 18,
"is_supporting": true,
"paragraph_text": "All Saints Church is in Ashgrove Terrace, Lockerbie, Dumfries and Galloway, Scotland. It is a Category B listed building and an active Scottish Episcopal Church in the Diocese of Glasgow and Galloway.",
"title": "All Saints Church, Lockerbie"
},
{
"idx": 19,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Now with NATO support in the form of air cover, the rebel militia pushed westward, defeating loyalist armies and securing control of the centre of the country. Gaining the support of Amazigh (Berber) communities of the Nafusa Mountains, who had long been persecuted as non-Arabic speakers under Gaddafi, the NTC armies surrounded Gaddafi loyalists in several key areas of western Libya. In August, the rebels seized Zliten and Tripoli, ending the last vestiges of Gaddafist power. On 25 August, the Arab League recognised the NTC to be \"the legitimate representative of the Libyan state\", on which basis Libya would resume its membership in the League.",
"title": "Muammar Gaddafi"
}
],
"question": "When was the country having Gualaca colonized by the country containing All Saints Church in the city having terrorist bombing supposedly involving Gaddafi's Libya?",
"question_decomposition": [
{
"answer": "Lockerbie",
"id": 31642,
"paragraph_support_idx": 4,
"question": "What terrorist bombing was Gaddafi's Libya supposedly involved in?"
},
{
"answer": "Scotland",
"id": 754527,
"paragraph_support_idx": 18,
"question": "All Saints Church, #1 >> located in the administrative territorial entity"
},
{
"answer": "Panama",
"id": 829113,
"paragraph_support_idx": 0,
"question": "Gualaca >> country"
},
{
"answer": "1698",
"id": 20507,
"paragraph_support_idx": 14,
"question": "When was #3 colonized by #2 ?"
}
]
} |
2hop__162581_84477 | When did the operator of RMS Gaelic go out of business? | 1934 | [
"1934"
] | {
"answer": "1934",
"answer_aliases": [],
"answerable": true,
"id": "2hop__162581_84477",
"paragraphs": [
{
"idx": 0,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Thomas MacDonagh's Gaelic Football Club is a Gaelic Athletic Association amalgamation representing nine clubs in County Tipperary in Ireland. The club plays Gaelic football in the North division of Tipperary GAA and is named after the Irish revolutionary and Kilruane native Thomas MacDonagh.",
"title": "Thomas MacDonagh's GFC"
},
{
"idx": 1,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "The RMS over all time of a periodic function is equal to the RMS of one period of the function. The RMS value of a continuous function or signal can be approximated by taking the RMS of a sequence of equally spaced samples. Additionally, the RMS value of various waveforms can also be determined without calculus, as shown by Cartwright.",
"title": "Root mean square"
},
{
"idx": 2,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "The Rural Municipality of Lawrence is a former rural municipality (RM) in the Canadian province of Manitoba. It was originally incorporated as a rural municipality on November 5, 1914. It ceased on January 1, 2015 as a result of its provincially mandated amalgamation with the RM of Ochre River to form the Rural Municipality of Lakeshore.",
"title": "Rural Municipality of Lawrence"
},
{
"idx": 3,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "The Municipality of Shoal Lake is a former rural municipality (RM) in the Canadian province of Manitoba. It was originally incorporated as a rural municipality on January 1, 2011. It ceased on January 1, 2015 as a result of its provincially mandated amalgamation with the RM of Strathclair to form the Rural Municipality of Yellowhead.",
"title": "Municipality of Shoal Lake"
},
{
"idx": 4,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "The tourist industry is heavily based on the promotion of Napoleon's imprisonment. A golf course also exists and the possibility for sportfishing tourism is great. Three hotels operate on the island but the arrival of tourists is directly linked to the arrival and departure schedule of the RMS St Helena. Some 3,200 short-term visitors arrived on the island in 2013.",
"title": "Saint Helena"
},
{
"idx": 5,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Ballinrobe GAA is a Gaelic Athletic Association club based in the town of Ballinrobe in south County Mayo, Ireland. The club participates in competitions organized by Mayo county board of the Gaelic Athletic Association.",
"title": "Ballinrobe GAA"
},
{
"idx": 6,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "HMHS Britannic (/ brɪˈtænɪk /) was the final vessel built of the White Star Line's Olympic class of steamships, she was the fleet mate of both the RMS Olympic and the RMS Titanic and was intended to eventually enter service as the transatlantic passenger liner.",
"title": "HMHS Britannic"
},
{
"idx": 7,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Gaelic diaspora would be understood as referring to the Gaelic-speaking parts of either the Irish diaspora or the Scottish diaspora.",
"title": "Gaelic diaspora"
},
{
"idx": 8,
"is_supporting": true,
"paragraph_text": "White Star Line Former type Partnership Industry Shipping, transportation Fate merged with Cunard Line Successor Cunard White Star Line Founded 1845 (1845) in Liverpool, England Defunct 1934 Area served Transatlantic Parent Ismay, Imrie and Co. Website www.cunard.co.uk",
"title": "White Star Line"
},
{
"idx": 9,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "The port was the point of departure for the Pilgrim Fathers aboard Mayflower in 1620. In 1912, the RMS Titanic sailed from Southampton. Four in five of the crew on board the vessel were Sotonians, with about a third of those who perished in the tragedy hailing from the city. Southampton was subsequently the home port for the transatlantic passenger services operated by Cunard with their Blue Riband liner RMS Queen Mary and her running mate RMS Queen Elizabeth. In 1938, Southampton docks also became home to the flying boats of Imperial Airways. Southampton Container Terminals first opened in 1968 and has continued to expand.",
"title": "Southampton"
},
{
"idx": 10,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Gaelic football is one of four sports (collectively referred to as the \"Gaelic games\") controlled by the Gaelic Athletic Association (GAA), the largest sporting organisation in Ireland. Along with hurling and camogie, Gaelic football is one of the few remaining strictly amateur sports in the world, with players, coaches, and managers prohibited from receiving any form of payment. Gaelic football is mainly played on the island of Ireland, although units of the Association exist in Great Britain, North America and Australia.",
"title": "Gaelic football"
},
{
"idx": 11,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Tarbert are a Gaelic Athletic Association Gaelic football club in Tarbert, County Kerry, Ireland. They play in the Kerry Junior Championship, Div 2 County League and Div 1 North Kerry Championship.",
"title": "Tarbert GAA"
},
{
"idx": 12,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "The Rural Municipality of Riverside is a former rural municipality (RM) in the Canadian province of Manitoba. It was originally incorporated as a rural municipality on December 22, 1883. It ceased on January 1, 2015 as a result of its provincially mandated amalgamation with the RM of Strathcona to form the Rural Municipality of Prairie Lakes.",
"title": "Rural Municipality of Riverside"
},
{
"idx": 13,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Newcastle West GAA club is a Gaelic Athletic Association club located in Newcastle West, County Limerick, Ireland. The club was founded in 1887 and fields teams in hurling and Gaelic football.",
"title": "Newcastle West GAA"
},
{
"idx": 14,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "The Rural Municipality of Siglunes is a former rural municipality (RM) in the Canadian province of Manitoba. It was originally incorporated as a rural municipality on April 1, 1919. It ceased on January 1, 2015, as a result of its provincially mandated amalgamation with the RM of Eriksdale to form the Municipality of West Interlake.",
"title": "Rural Municipality of Siglunes"
},
{
"idx": 15,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Dohenys is a Gaelic Athletic Association club, fielding Gaelic football and Hurling teams in the town of Dunmanway, County Cork, Ireland. It won its only Cork Senior Club Football Championship in 1897.",
"title": "Dohenys GAA"
},
{
"idx": 16,
"is_supporting": true,
"paragraph_text": "RMS \"Gaelic\" was a passenger and cargo liner built for the White Star Line. She transported the first 102 Korean immigrants to the United States. Sold in 1905 for further service in the Pacific, she was scrapped in 1907.",
"title": "RMS Gaelic (1885)"
},
{
"idx": 17,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Downstream operations, which now also includes the chemicals business, generates a third of Shell's profits worldwide and is known for its global network of more than 40,000 petrol stations and its 47 oil refineries. The downstream business, which in some countries also included oil refining, generally included a retail petrol station network, lubricants manufacture and marketing, industrial fuel and lubricants sales and a host of other product/market sectors such as LPG and bitumen. The practice in Shell was that these businesses were essentially local and that they were best managed by local \"operating companies\" – often with middle and senior management reinforced by expatriates. In the 1990s, this paradigm began to change, and the independence of operating companies around the world was gradually reduced. Today, virtually all of Shell's operations in various businesses are much more directly managed from London and The Hague. The autonomy of \"operating companies\" has been largely removed, as more \"global businesses\" have been created.",
"title": "Royal Dutch Shell"
},
{
"idx": 18,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "J. P. Dalton is a Gaelic footballer from County Wicklow, Ireland. He plays Gaelic football with his local club Kiltegan and has been a member of the Wicklow senior panel since 2005.",
"title": "J. P. Dalton"
},
{
"idx": 19,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "The Rural Municipality of Ellice is a former rural municipality (RM) in the Canadian province of Manitoba. It was originally incorporated as a rural municipality on December 22, 1883. It ceased on January 1, 2015 as a result of its provincially mandated amalgamation with the RM of Archie and the Village of St. Lazare to form the Rural Municipality of Ellice – Archie.",
"title": "Rural Municipality of Ellice"
}
],
"question": "When did the operator of RMS Gaelic go out of business?",
"question_decomposition": [
{
"answer": "White Star Line",
"id": 162581,
"paragraph_support_idx": 16,
"question": "RMS Gaelic >> operator"
},
{
"answer": "1934",
"id": 84477,
"paragraph_support_idx": 8,
"question": "when did #1 go out of business"
}
]
} |
2hop__259848_10984 | What year did Nicholas Wade's employer start? | 1851 | [
"1851"
] | {
"answer": "1851",
"answer_aliases": [],
"answerable": true,
"id": "2hop__259848_10984",
"paragraphs": [
{
"idx": 0,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "The Temporary foreign worker program or TFWP is a program of the Government of Canada to allow employers in Canada to hire foreign nationals. When the program started in 1973, most of the workers brought in were high - skill workers such as specialist doctors. In 2002 a ``low - skilled workers ''category was added; this category now makes up most of the temporary foreign workforce. In 2006, the program was expanded and fast - tracking introduced for some locations. It was revised again in 2013, raising wages, charging employer fees, and removing the accelerated applications.",
"title": "Temporary foreign worker program in Canada"
},
{
"idx": 1,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Dwyane Tyrone Wade Jr. (/ dweɪn / dwain; born January 17, 1982) is an American professional basketball player for the Cleveland Cavaliers of the National Basketball Association (NBA). After a successful college career at Marquette, Wade was drafted fifth overall in the 2003 NBA draft by the Miami Heat. He was named to the All - Rookie team and the All - Star team the following twelve seasons. In his third season, Wade led the Heat to their first NBA championship in franchise history and was named the 2006 NBA Finals MVP. At the 2008 Summer Olympics, Wade led the United States men's basketball team, commonly known as the ``Redeem Team '', in scoring, and helped them capture gold medal honors in Beijing, China. In the 2008 -- 09 season, Wade led the league in scoring and earned his first NBA scoring title. With LeBron James and Chris Bosh, Wade helped guide Miami to four consecutive NBA Finals from 2011 to 2014, winning back - to - back championships in 2012 and 2013. In 2016, Wade departed the Heat in free agency to play for his hometown Chicago Bulls, then leaving them after one season to join the Cavaliers.",
"title": "Dwyane Wade"
},
{
"idx": 2,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Wade Simmons (born 20 September 1973) is a mountain biker from Kamloops, British Columbia, Canada who has won the Red Bull Rampage Utah 2001 and placed second in the same year in the Red Bull Rampage Australia. He is currently on the Rocky Mountain Bicycles factory team.",
"title": "Wade Simmons"
},
{
"idx": 3,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "In the Lake of the Woods (1994) is a novel by the American author Tim O'Brien. Related to issues of the Vietnam War theme, \"In the Lake of the Woods\" follows the struggle of John Wade to deal with a recently failed campaign for the United States Senate. After moving to Lake of the Woods, Minnesota, John discovers one morning that his wife Kathy is missing. Through the use of flashbacks of John's childhood, college years, and Vietnam experiences, as well as testimony and evidence from affected characters, the novel provides several hypotheses for the disappearance of Kathy Wade, leaving the decision up to the reader.",
"title": "In the Lake of the Woods"
},
{
"idx": 4,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "155th Street starts on the West Side at Riverside Drive, crossing Broadway, Amsterdam Avenue and St. Nicholas Avenue. At St. Nicholas Place, the terrain drops off steeply, and 155th Street is carried on a 1,600-foot (490 m) long viaduct, a City Landmark constructed in 1893, that slopes down towards the Harlem River, continuing onto the Macombs Dam Bridge, crossing over (but not intersecting with) the Harlem River Drive. A separate, unconnected section of 155th Street runs under the viaduct, connecting Bradhurst Avenue and the Harlem River Drive.",
"title": "List of numbered streets in Manhattan"
},
{
"idx": 5,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Dwan was born in Rotherhithe, London to a family of lightermen in the Port of London. He joined Poplar Blackwall and District Rowing Club at the age of 12 initially as a cox but soon as an oarsman. When he was 15 he was apprenticed as lighterman to his grandfather Williams and this allowed him to enter the novice sculls in the National Dock Labour Board (NDLB) regatta at Putney. He won the race which included contestants of that year’s Doggett's Coat and Badge Race. While he was sculling he continued working as a lighterman and worked for Humphrey & Grey starting as a boy in the tug Sir John. After two year with Humphrey & Grey he obtained his lighterman’s licence and went on the dock labour pool to experience a variety of firms. During 1967 the decasualisation scheme following Devlin’s report was implemented and all dock workers had to be allocated to an employer. Dwan was allocated to F.T. Everard at Greenhithe, of whom he said “The management were very good to me in allowing me time to train. I could not have wished for better employers”.",
"title": "Kenny Dwan"
},
{
"idx": 6,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Elizabeth Flint Wade (1849–1915) was an early 20th-century American author, poet and pictorial photographer. She is best known for the photographs she exhibited with Rose Clark under their joint names, either as \"Rose Clark and Elizabeth Flint Wade\" or as \"Misses Clark and Wade\".",
"title": "Elizabeth Flint Wade"
},
{
"idx": 7,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "The first director of the NRA was Hugh S. Johnson, a retired United States Army general and a successful businessman. He was named Time magazine's ``Man of the Year ''in 1933. Johnson saw the NRA as a national crusade designed to restore employment and regenerate industry.",
"title": "National Recovery Administration"
},
{
"idx": 8,
"is_supporting": true,
"paragraph_text": "Before the Dawn: Recovering the Lost History of Our Ancestors is a non-fiction book by Nicholas Wade, a science reporter for \"The New York Times\". It was published in 2006 by the Penguin Group. By drawing upon research on the human genome, the book attempts to piece together what Wade calls \"two vanished periods\": the five million years of human evolution from the development of bipedalism leading up to behavioural modernity around 50,000 years ago, and the 45,000 subsequent years of prehistory.",
"title": "Before the Dawn (book)"
},
{
"idx": 9,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "The Canadian Human Rights Commission (CHRC) was established in 1977 by the government of Canada. It is empowered under the \"Canadian Human Rights Act\" to investigate and try to settle complaints of discrimination in employment and in the provision of services within federal jurisdiction. The CHRC is also empowered under the \"Employment Equity Act\" to ensure that federally regulated employers provide equal opportunities for four designated groups: women, Aboriginal people, the disabled and visible minorities. The CHRC helps enforce these human rights and inform the general public and employers of these rights.",
"title": "Canadian Human Rights Commission"
},
{
"idx": 10,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Lewis Wade Jones (March 13, 1910September 1979) was a sociologist and teacher. He was born in Cuero, Texas, the son of Wade E. and Lucynthia McDade Jones. A member of the Omega Psi Phi fraternity, he received his A.B. degree from Fisk University in 1931, and followed it with postgraduate study as a Social Science Research Council Fellow at the University of Chicago in 1931-1932.",
"title": "Lewis Wade Jones"
},
{
"idx": 11,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Wade was signed by the Atlanta Braves originally as a free agent in 1991. Wade earned a World Series ring by pitching in three games in 1995, a total of four innings. His best season as a major leaguer was 1996 in which he pitched in 44 games, going 5-0 with an ERA of 2.97.",
"title": "Terrell Wade"
},
{
"idx": 12,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Lena Waithe as Aech / Helen Harris, a Gunter and long - time friend of Wade's who works as a mechanic in the OASIS.",
"title": "Ready Player One (film)"
},
{
"idx": 13,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Operated by Vale Limited, construction on the plant started in April 2009 and operations began in 2014. Construction costs were in excess of CAD $4.25 billion. Construction involved over 3,200 workers generating approximately 3,000 person-years of employment. Operation of the plant will require approximately 475 workers.",
"title": "Long Harbour Nickel Processing Plant"
},
{
"idx": 14,
"is_supporting": true,
"paragraph_text": "The Times is the first newspaper to have borne that name, lending it to numerous other papers around the world, including The Times of India (founded in 1838), The Straits Times (Singapore) (1845), The New York Times (1851), The Irish Times (1859), Le Temps (France) (1861-1942), the Cape Times (South Africa) (1872), the Los Angeles Times (1881), The Seattle Times (1891), The Manila Times (1898), The Daily Times (Malawi) (1900), El Tiempo (Colombia) (1911), The Canberra Times (1926), and The Times (Malta) (1935). In these countries, the newspaper is often referred to as The London Times or The Times of London.",
"title": "The Times"
},
{
"idx": 15,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Thomas Virgil Wade (born May 23, 1942) is a former American football player who played 2 seasons as quarterback in the NFL with the Pittsburgh Steelers. Prior to that he had started at quarterback for the University of Texas and played on the National Championship team in 1963. He is perhaps best known as a back-up quarterback who engineered a 4th-quarter, touchdown drive in Texas' final regular season game of 1963 to win the game and the National Championship.",
"title": "Tommy Wade"
},
{
"idx": 16,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Tarkenton returned for another seven - year spell as the Vikings' starting quarterback in 1972, continuing until his retirement in 1978, at which point Tommy Kramer was promoted from the second string in his second season with the franchise. Kramer was injured for most of the 1983 season, so Steve Dils served as the starting quarterback for most of the season, before Kramer reclaimed the position in 1984. For the 1987 season, Kramer shared quarterback duties with Wade Wilson, before Wilson took over on a permanent basis from 1988. Wilson was replaced by the emerging Rich Gannon in 1990, but Gannon was released after the 1992 season and veteran Jim McMahon took over for the 1993 season until the arrival of Warren Moon in 1994.",
"title": "List of Minnesota Vikings starting quarterbacks"
},
{
"idx": 17,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Target Practice is a 1974 crime novel by American author and film director Nicholas Meyer. It was Meyer's second novel but published before the bestselling \"The Seven-Per-Cent Solution\" that same year.",
"title": "Target Practice (novel)"
},
{
"idx": 18,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Windsor Assembly is a FCA Canada automobile factory in Windsor, Ontario, Canada. The factory opened in 1928 and started minivan production in 1983. Windsor Assembly is Windsor's largest employer with 6,108 employees (5,847 hourly; 243 salaried).",
"title": "Windsor Assembly"
},
{
"idx": 19,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Just Good Friends is a British sitcom written by John Sullivan. It starred Paul Nicholas and Jan Francis as former lovers Vincent Pinner and Penny Warrender, who meet in a pub five years after he jilted her at the altar.",
"title": "Just Good Friends"
}
],
"question": "What year did Nicholas Wade's employer start?",
"question_decomposition": [
{
"answer": "The New York Times",
"id": 259848,
"paragraph_support_idx": 8,
"question": "Nicholas Wade >> employer"
},
{
"answer": "1851",
"id": 10984,
"paragraph_support_idx": 14,
"question": "What year did #1 start?"
}
]
} |
4hop3__164419_608613_5529_4107 | There is an arrondissement that is the birthplace of Éric Losfeld within country A. What term is used in country A and in the European country that contributed the most to the UNFPA in 2008 for an institution like a German Fachhochschule? | hogeschool | [
"hogeschool"
] | {
"answer": "hogeschool",
"answer_aliases": [],
"answerable": true,
"id": "4hop3__164419_608613_5529_4107",
"paragraphs": [
{
"idx": 0,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Until the 1950s, the term Dominion of Canada was commonly used to identify the country. As Canada acquired political authority and autonomy from the United Kingdom, the federal government began using simply Canada on state documents. The transition away from the use of Dominion was formally reflected in 1982 with the passage of the Canada Act, which refers only to Canada. Later that year, the national holiday was renamed from Dominion Day to Canada Day. Section 4 of the 1867 BNA Act also declares that:",
"title": "Name of Canada"
},
{
"idx": 1,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Whites (mainly of Afrikaner, German, British and Portuguese origin) make up between 4.0 and 7.0% of the population. Although their percentage of population is decreasing due to emigration and lower birth rates they still form the second-largest population of European ancestry, both in terms of percentage and actual numbers, in Sub-Saharan Africa (after South Africa). The majority of Namibian whites and nearly all those who are mixed race speak Afrikaans and share similar origins, culture, and religion as the white and coloured populations of South Africa. A large minority of whites (around 30,000) trace their family origins back to the German settlers who colonized Namibia prior to the British confiscation of German lands after World War One, and they maintain German cultural and educational institutions. Nearly all Portuguese settlers came to the country from the former Portuguese colony of Angola. The 1960 census reported 526,004 persons in what was then South-West Africa, including 73,464 whites (14%).",
"title": "Namibia"
},
{
"idx": 2,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "UNFPA provided aid to Peru's reproductive health program in the mid-to-late '90s. When it was discovered a Peruvian program had been engaged in carrying out coercive sterilizations, UNFPA called for reforms and protocols to protect the rights of women seeking assistance. UNFPA was not involved in the scandal, but continued work with the country after the abuses had become public to help end the abuses and reform laws and practices.",
"title": "United Nations Population Fund"
},
{
"idx": 3,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "The politics of Zhejiang is structured in a dual party-government system like all other governing institutions in Mainland China. The Governor of Zhejiang is the highest-ranking official in the People's Government of Zhejiang. However, in the province's dual party-government governing system, the Governor is subordinate to the Zhejiang Communist Party of China (CPC) Provincial Committee Secretary, colloquially termed the \"Zhejiang CPC Party Chief\".",
"title": "Zhejiang"
},
{
"idx": 4,
"is_supporting": true,
"paragraph_text": "Hogeschool is used in Belgium and in the Netherlands. The hogeschool has many similarities to the Fachhochschule in the German language areas and to the ammattikorkeakoulu in Finland.",
"title": "Institute of technology"
},
{
"idx": 5,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "The Greco - Roman world, Greco - Roman culture, or the term Greco - Roman (/ ˌɡrikoʊˈroʊmən / or / ˌɡrɛkoʊˈroʊmən /); spelled Graeco - Roman in the United Kingdom and the Commonwealth), when used as an adjective, as understood by modern scholars and writers, refers to those geographical regions and countries that culturally (and so historically) were directly, long - term, and intimately influenced by the language, culture, government and religion of the ancient Greeks and Romans. It is also better known as the Classical Civilisation. In exact terms the area refers to the ``Mediterranean world '', the extensive tracts of land centered on the Mediterranean and Black Sea basins, the`` swimming - pool and spa'' of the Greeks and Romans, i.e. one wherein the cultural perceptions, ideas and sensitivities of these peoples were dominant.",
"title": "Greco-Roman world"
},
{
"idx": 6,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "New Zealand polytechnics are established under the Education Act 1989 as amended, and are considered state-owned tertiary institutions along with universities, colleges of education, and wānanga; there is today often much crossover in courses and qualifications offered between all these types of Tertiary Education Institutions. Some have officially taken the title 'institute of technology' which is a term recognized in government strategies equal to that of the term 'polytechnic'. One has opted for the name 'Universal College of Learning' (UCOL), and another 'Unitec New Zealand'. These are legal names but not recognized terms like 'polytechnic' or 'institute of technology'. Many if not all now grant at least bachelor-level degrees.",
"title": "Institute of technology"
},
{
"idx": 7,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "But Amnesty International found no evidence that UNFPA had supported the coercion. A 2001 study conducted by the pro-life Population Research Institute (PRI) falsely claimed that the UNFPA shared an office with the Chinese family planning officials who were carrying out forced abortions. \"We located the family planning offices, and in that family planning office, we located the UNFPA office, and we confirmed from family planning officials there that there is no distinction between what the UNFPA does and what the Chinese Family Planning Office does,\" said Scott Weinberg, a spokesman for PRI. However, United Nations Members disagreed and approved UNFPA’s new country program me in January 2006. The more than 130 members of the “Group of 77” developing countries in the United Nations expressed support for the UNFPA programmes. In addition, speaking for European democracies -- Norway, Denmark, Sweden, Finland, the Netherlands, France, Belgium, Switzerland and Germany -- the United Kingdom stated, ”UNFPA’s activities in China, as in the rest of the world, are in strict conformity with the unanimously adopted Programme of Action of the ICPD, and play a key role in supporting our common endeavor, the promotion and protection of all human rights and fundamental freedoms.”",
"title": "United Nations Population Fund"
},
{
"idx": 8,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "While the first reference to ``guising ''in North America occurs in 1911, another reference to ritual begging on Halloween appears, place unknown, in 1915, with a third reference in Chicago in 1920. The earliest known use in print of the term`` trick or treat'' appears in 1927, in the Blackie Herald Alberta, Canada.",
"title": "Halloween"
},
{
"idx": 9,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Ostfalia Hochschule für angewandte Wissenschaften (German for \"Eastphalia University of Applied Sciences\", known as Fachhochschule Braunschweig/Wolfenbüttel until 2009), is a Fachhochschule in eastern Lower Saxony, Germany. The predecessor of the college, Staatliche Ingenieurschule Wolfenbüttel (State Engineering School Wolfenbuettel), was founded in 1928. It merged with two other independent institutions in August 1971.",
"title": "Ostfalia University of Applied Sciences"
},
{
"idx": 10,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Dispositif is a term used by the French intellectual Michel Foucault, generally to refer to the various institutional, physical, and administrative mechanisms and knowledge structures which enhance and maintain the exercise of power within the social body.",
"title": "Dispositif"
},
{
"idx": 11,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "During the Early Modern period (approximately late 15th century to 1800), the universities of Europe would see a tremendous amount of growth, productivity and innovative research. At the end of the Middle Ages, about 400 years after the first university was founded, there were twenty-nine universities spread throughout Europe. In the 15th century, twenty-eight new ones were created, with another eighteen added between 1500 and 1625. This pace continued until by the end of the 18th century there were approximately 143 universities in Europe and Eastern Europe, with the highest concentrations in the German Empire (34), Italian countries (26), France (25), and Spain (23) – this was close to a 500% increase over the number of universities toward the end of the Middle Ages. This number does not include the numerous universities that disappeared, or institutions that merged with other universities during this time. It should be noted that the identification of a university was not necessarily obvious during the Early Modern period, as the term is applied to a burgeoning number of institutions. In fact, the term \"university\" was not always used to designate a higher education institution. In Mediterranean countries, the term studium generale was still often used, while \"Academy\" was common in Northern European countries.",
"title": "University"
},
{
"idx": 12,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "The Max Born Medal and Prize is a scientific prize awarded yearly by the German Physical Society (DPG) and the British Institute of Physics (IOP) in memory of the German physicist Max Born. The terms of the award are that it is \"to be presented for outstanding contributions to physics\". The award goes to physicists based in Germany and in the UK or Ireland in alternate years.",
"title": "Max Born Medal and Prize"
},
{
"idx": 13,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "UNFPA is the world's largest multilateral source of funding for population and reproductive health programs. The Fund works with governments and non-governmental organizations in over 150 countries with the support of the international community, supporting programs that help women, men and young people:",
"title": "United Nations Population Fund"
},
{
"idx": 14,
"is_supporting": true,
"paragraph_text": "Éric Losfeld (Mouscron, 1922 - Paris, 1979) was a Belgian-born French publisher who had a reputation for publishing controversial material with his publishing imprint Éditions Le Terrain Vague.",
"title": "Éric Losfeld"
},
{
"idx": 15,
"is_supporting": true,
"paragraph_text": "The Arrondissement of Mouscron (; ) is one of the seven administrative arrondissements in the Province of Hainaut, Belgium. It is not a judicial arrondissement. Its municipalities are a part of the Judicial Arrondissement of Tournai.",
"title": "Arrondissement of Mouscron"
},
{
"idx": 16,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "The use of the term iron curtain as a metaphor for strict separation goes back at least as far as the early 19th century. It originally referred to fireproof curtains in theaters. Although its popularity as a Cold War symbol is attributed to its use in a speech Winston Churchill gave in 5 March 1946 in Fulton, Missouri, German Minister of Propaganda Joseph Goebbels had already used the term in reference to the Soviet Union.",
"title": "Iron Curtain"
},
{
"idx": 17,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Polytechnic schools are distinct from academic universities in Finland. Ammattikorkeakoulu is the common term in Finland, as is the Swedish alternative \"yrkeshögskola\" – their focus is on studies leading to a degree (for instance insinööri, engineer; in international use, Bachelor of Engineering) in kind different from but in level comparable to an academic bachelor's degree awarded by a university. Since 2006 the polytechnics have offered studies leading to master's degrees (Master of Engineering). After January 1, 2006, some Finnish ammattikorkeakoulus switched the English term \"polytechnic\" to the term \"university of applied sciences\" in the English translations of their legal names. The ammattikorkeakoulu has many similarities to the hogeschool in Belgium and in the Netherlands and to the Fachhochschule in the German language areas.",
"title": "Institute of technology"
},
{
"idx": 18,
"is_supporting": true,
"paragraph_text": "In response, the EU decided to fill the gap left behind by the US under the Sandbaek report. According to its Annual Report for 2008, the UNFPA received its funding mainly from European Governments: Of the total income of M845.3 M, $118 was donated by the Netherlands, $67 M by Sweden, $62 M by Norway, $54 M by Denmark, $53 M by the UK, $52 M by Spain, $19 M by Luxembourg. The European Commission donated further $36 M. The most important non-European donor State was Japan ($36 M). The number of donors exceeded 180 in one year.",
"title": "United Nations Population Fund"
},
{
"idx": 19,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "From 2002 through 2008, the Bush Administration denied funding to UNFPA that had already been allocated by the US Congress, partly on the refuted claims that the UNFPA supported Chinese government programs which include forced abortions and coercive sterilizations. In a letter from the Undersecretary of State for Political Affairs Nicholas Burns to Congress, the administration said it had determined that UNFPA’s support for China’s population program “facilitates (its) government’s coercive abortion program”, thus violating the Kemp-Kasten Amendment, which bans the use of United States aid to finance organizations that support or take part in managing a program of coercive abortion of sterilization.",
"title": "United Nations Population Fund"
}
],
"question": "There is an arrondissement that is the birthplace of Éric Losfeld within country A. What term is used in country A and in the European country that contributed the most to the UNFPA in 2008 for an institution like a German Fachhochschule?",
"question_decomposition": [
{
"answer": "Mouscron",
"id": 164419,
"paragraph_support_idx": 14,
"question": "Éric Losfeld >> place of birth"
},
{
"answer": "Belgium",
"id": 608613,
"paragraph_support_idx": 15,
"question": "Arrondissement of #1 >> country"
},
{
"answer": "the Netherlands",
"id": 5529,
"paragraph_support_idx": 18,
"question": "Which European government contributed the most to the UNFPA in 2008?"
},
{
"answer": "hogeschool",
"id": 4107,
"paragraph_support_idx": 4,
"question": "What term is used in #2 and the #3 to refer to an institution like a German Fachhochschule?"
}
]
} |
2hop__629122_61424 | What happened in the country where Puok District is located during the Cold War? | Cambodian Civil War | [
"Cambodian Civil War"
] | {
"answer": "Cambodian Civil War",
"answer_aliases": [],
"answerable": true,
"id": "2hop__629122_61424",
"paragraphs": [
{
"idx": 0,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Since its founding in 1949, the People's Republic of China (PRC) has had a diplomatic tug - of - war with its rival in Taiwan, the Republic of China (ROC). Throughout the Cold War, both governments claimed to be the sole legitimate government of all China and allowed countries to recognize either one or the other. Until the 1970s, most Western countries recognized the ROC while the communist bloc and third world countries generally recognized the PRC. This gradually shifted and today only 19 UN member states recognize the ROC while the PRC is recognized by the United Nations and the majority (175) of sovereign states around the world and Palestine. Both the ROC and the PRC maintain the requirement of recognizing its view of the One - China policy to establish or maintain diplomatic relations.",
"title": "Dates of establishment of diplomatic relations with the People's Republic of China"
},
{
"idx": 1,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Kouk Samraong is a village in the commune of Banteay Chhmar in Thma Puok District in Banteay Meanchey Province in north-western Cambodia.",
"title": "Kouk Samraong"
},
{
"idx": 2,
"is_supporting": true,
"paragraph_text": "Cambodian Civil War Part of the Vietnam War, the Indochina Wars, and the Cold War US tanks entering a town in Cambodia in 1970. Date 17 January 1968 -- 17 April 1975 (5 years and 3 months) Location Cambodia Result Khmer Rouge victory Fall of the Kingdom of Cambodia Creation, then collapse, of the Khmer Republic Establishment of Democratic Kampuchea Beginning of the Cambodian genocide Belligerents Kingdom of Cambodia (1967 -- 1970) Khmer Republic (1970 -- 1975) United States South Vietnam Other Support Australia Canada France India Thailand Japan Malaysia Singapore Royal United National Government of Kampuchea ∟ National United Front of Kampuchea ∟ Khmer Rouge ∟ Khmer Rumdo North Vietnam Việt Cộng Other Support China Czechoslovakia Soviet Union Commanders and leaders Lon Nol Sisowath Sirik Matak Long Boret Richard Nixon Pol Pot Khieu Samphan Ieng Sary Nuon Chea Son Sen Norodom Sihanouk Strength 30,000 (1968) 35,000 (1970) 100,000 (1972) 200,000 (1973) 50,000 (1974) 4,000 (1970) 70,000 (1972) 40,000 -- 60,000 (1975) Casualties and losses 275,000 -- 310,000 killed",
"title": "Cambodian Civil War"
},
{
"idx": 3,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "The Cold War saw periods of both heightened tension and relative calm. International crises arose, such as the Berlin Blockade (1948–1949), the Korean War (1950–1953), the Berlin Crisis of 1961, the Vietnam War (1959–1975), the Cuban Missile Crisis (1962), the Soviet war in Afghanistan (1979–1989) and NATO exercises in November 1983. There were also periods of reduced tension as both sides sought détente. Direct military attacks on adversaries were deterred by the potential for mutual assured destruction using deliverable nuclear weapons. In the Cold War era, the Generation of Love and the rise of computers changed society in very different, complex ways, including higher social and local mobility.",
"title": "Modern history"
},
{
"idx": 4,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "On June 25, 1950, North Korea invaded South Korea, sparking the Korean War, the Cold War's first major conflict, which continued until 1953. At the time, the Soviet Union had boycotted the United Nations (UN), thus forfeiting their veto rights. This allowed the UN to intervene in a civil war when it became apparent that the superior North Korean forces would unify the entire country. The Soviet Union and China backed North Korea, with the later participation of millions of Chinese troops. After an ebb and flow that saw both sides almost pushed to the brink of extinction, and massive losses among Korean civilians in both the north and the south, the war eventually reached a stalemate. The 1953 armistice, never signed by South Korea, split the peninsula along the demilitarized zone near the original demarcation line. No peace treaty was ever signed, resulting in the two countries remaining technically at war. Over 1.2 million people died during the Korean War.",
"title": "South Korea"
},
{
"idx": 5,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Alfred Sauvy (31 October 1898 – 30 October 1990) was a demographer, anthropologist and historian of the French economy. Sauvy coined the term Third World (\"Tiers Monde\") in reference to countries that were unaligned with either the Communist Soviet bloc or the Capitalist NATO bloc during the Cold War. In an article published in the French magazine, \"L'Observateur\" on August 14, 1952, Sauvy said:",
"title": "Alfred Sauvy"
},
{
"idx": 6,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Tug of war was contested as a team event in the Summer Olympics at every Olympiad from 1900 to 1920. Originally the competition was entered by groups called clubs. A country could enter more than one club in the competition, making it possible for one country to earn multiple medals. This happened in 1904, when the United States won all three medals, and in 1908 when the podium was occupied by three British teams. Sweden was also among the top countries with two medals, one as a member of the mixed team.",
"title": "Tug of war at the Summer Olympics"
},
{
"idx": 7,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "The Aftermath of World War II was the beginning of an era defined by the decline of all great powers except for the Soviet Union and the United States, and the simultaneous rise of two superpowers: the Soviet Union (USSR) and the United States of America (USA). Allies during World War II, the USA and the USSR became competitors on the world stage and engaged in the Cold War, so called because it never resulted in overt, declared hot war between the two powers but was instead characterized by espionage, political subversion and proxy wars. Western Europe and Japan were rebuilt through the American Marshall Plan whereas Central and Eastern Europe fell under the Soviet sphere of influence and eventually an ``Iron Curtain ''. Europe was divided into a US - led Western Bloc and a Soviet - led Eastern Bloc. Internationally, alliances with the two blocs gradually shifted, with some nations trying to stay out of the Cold War through the Non-Aligned Movement. The Cold War also saw a nuclear arms race between the two superpowers; part of the reason that the Cold War never became a`` hot'' war was that the Soviet Union and the United States had nuclear deterrents against each other, leading to a mutually assured destruction standoff.",
"title": "Aftermath of World War II"
},
{
"idx": 8,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "The relations between the United States of America and the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (1922 -- 1991) succeeded the previous relations from 1776 to 1917 and predate today's relations that began in 1992. Full diplomatic relations between the two countries were established late due to mutual hostility. During World War II, the two countries were briefly allies. At the end of the war, the first signs of post-war mistrust and hostility began to appear between the two countries, escalating into the Cold War; a period of tense hostile relations, with periods of détente.",
"title": "Soviet Union–United States relations"
},
{
"idx": 9,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Bank Bay is an unincorporated area in central Alberta, Canada within the Municipal District of Bonnyville No. 87. It is located on the bank of the Cold Lake Provincial Park.",
"title": "Bank Bay, Alberta"
},
{
"idx": 10,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "The western Allies' decision to leave eastern Germany and the city of Berlin to the Red Army -- honoring the agreement they made with the Soviet Union at Yalta -- eventually had serious repercussions as the Cold War emerged and expanded in the post-war era.",
"title": "Race to Berlin"
},
{
"idx": 11,
"is_supporting": true,
"paragraph_text": "Puok District is one of twelve districts in Siem Reap Province, in north-western Cambodia. According to the 1998 census of Cambodia, it had a population of 110,863.",
"title": "Puok District"
},
{
"idx": 12,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Then the U.S. government gradually began supporting the French in their war effort, primarily through the Mutual Defense Assistance Act, as a means of stabilizing the French Fourth Republic in which the French Communist Party was a significant political force. A dramatic shift occurred in American policy after the victory of Mao Zedong's Communist Party of China in the Chinese Civil War. By 1949, however, the United States became concerned about the spread of communism in Asia, particularly following the end of the Chinese Civil War, and began to strongly support the French as the two countries were bound by the Cold War Mutual Defense Programme.",
"title": "First Indochina War"
},
{
"idx": 13,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Brinkmanship is the ostensible escalation of threats to achieve one's aims. The word was probably coined by Adlai Stevenson in his criticism of the philosophy described as ``going to the brink ''in an interview with Secretary of State John Foster Dulles under the Eisenhower administration, during the Cold War. In an article written in Life Magazine, John Foster Dulles then defined his policy of brinkmanship as`` The ability to get to the verge without getting into the war is the necessary art.'' During the Cold War, this was used as a policy by the United States to coerce the Soviet Union into backing down militarily. Eventually, the threats involved might become so huge as to be unmanageable at which point both sides are likely to back down. This was the case during the Cold War; the escalation of threats of nuclear war, if carried out, are likely to lead to mutually assured destruction.",
"title": "Brinkmanship"
},
{
"idx": 14,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "The Soviet -- Afghan War lasted over nine years, from December 1979 to February 1989. Insurgent groups known as the mujahideen fought against the Soviet Army and the Democratic Republic of Afghanistan government, mostly in the country's rural countryside. The mujahideen groups were backed by the United States and Pakistan, making it a Cold War proxy war. Between 562,000 and 2,000,000 civilians were killed and millions of Afghans fled the country as refugees, mostly to Pakistan and Iran.",
"title": "Soviet–Afghan War"
},
{
"idx": 15,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "The nuclear arms race was a competition for supremacy in nuclear warfare between the United States, the Soviet Union, and their respective allies during the Cold War. During this period, in addition to the American and Soviet nuclear stockpiles, other countries developed nuclear weapons, though none engaged in warhead production on nearly the same scale as the two superpowers.",
"title": "Nuclear arms race"
},
{
"idx": 16,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Beaver Crossing is a hamlet in central Alberta, Canada within the Municipal District of Bonnyville No. 87, located on Highway 28 where it crosses the Beaver River, approximately south of Cold Lake. Near here was Cold Lake House built by the Montreal traders in 1781.",
"title": "Beaver Crossing, Alberta"
},
{
"idx": 17,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "The Coordinating Committee for Multilateral Export Controls (CoCom) was established by Western bloc powers in the first five years after the end of World War II, during the Cold War, to put an arms embargo on Comecon countries. CoCom ceased to function on March 31, 1994, and the then-current control list of embargoed goods was retained by the member nations until the successor, the Wassenaar Arrangement, was established.",
"title": "Coordinating Committee for Multilateral Export Controls"
},
{
"idx": 18,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Since 1947, Canadian military units have participated in more than 200 operations worldwide, and completed 72 international operations. Canadian soldiers, sailors, and aviators came to be considered world-class professionals through conspicuous service during these conflicts and the country's integral participation in NATO during the Cold War, First Gulf War, Kosovo War, and in United Nations Peacekeeping operations, such as the Suez Crisis, Golan Heights, Cyprus, Croatia, Bosnia, Afghanistan, and Libya. Canada maintained an aircraft carrier from 1957 to 1970 during the Cold War, which never saw combat but participated in patrols during the Cuban Missile Crisis.",
"title": "Canadian Armed Forces"
},
{
"idx": 19,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Brigadier General Richard W. Fellows (1914–1998) was a United States Air Force officer who served during World War II and the Cold War.",
"title": "Richard W. Fellows"
}
],
"question": "What happened in the country where Puok District is located during the Cold War?",
"question_decomposition": [
{
"answer": "Cambodia",
"id": 629122,
"paragraph_support_idx": 11,
"question": "Puok District >> country"
},
{
"answer": "Cambodian Civil War",
"id": 61424,
"paragraph_support_idx": 2,
"question": "what happened in #1 during the cold war"
}
]
} |
2hop__518906_44191 | When was the last earthquake in the country where the municipality of Sociedad is found? | 2001 - 02 - 13 | [
"2001 - 02 - 13"
] | {
"answer": "2001 - 02 - 13",
"answer_aliases": [],
"answerable": true,
"id": "2hop__518906_44191",
"paragraphs": [
{
"idx": 0,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "The 2010 Pichilemu earthquake (), also known as the Libertador O'Higgins earthquake, was a 6.9 M intraplate earthquake that struck Chile's O'Higgins Region on 11 March 2010. The earthquake was centred northwest of the city of Pichilemu.",
"title": "2010 Pichilemu earthquake"
},
{
"idx": 1,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "The doctrine of the last day and eschatology (the final fate of the universe) may be reckoned as the second great doctrine of the Quran. It is estimated that approximately one-third of the Quran is eschatological, dealing with the afterlife in the next world and with the day of judgment at the end of time. There is a reference to the afterlife on most pages of the Quran and belief in the afterlife is often referred to in conjunction with belief in God as in the common expression: \"Believe in God and the last day\". A number of suras such as 44, 56, 75, 78, 81 and 101 are directly related to the afterlife and its preparations. Some suras indicate the closeness of the event and warn people to be prepared for the imminent day. For instance, the first verses of Sura 22, which deal with the mighty earthquake and the situations of people on that day, represent this style of divine address: \"O People! Be respectful to your Lord. The earthquake of the Hour is a mighty thing.\"",
"title": "Quran"
},
{
"idx": 2,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "However, Reuters reported in June that, to date, Chinese prosecutors have joined an official inquiry into ten collapsed schools during May's devastating earthquake to gain first-hand material of construction quality at the collapsed schools, launch preliminary inquiries and prepare for possible investigations into professional crime. It was also reported that safety checks were to be carried out at schools across China after last month's earthquake.",
"title": "2008 Sichuan earthquake"
},
{
"idx": 3,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "The 2013 ATP Challenger Tour Finals is a tennis tournament played at the Sociedade Harmonia de Tênis in São Paulo, Brazil, between 13 and 17 November 2013. It will be the third edition of the event.",
"title": "2013 ATP Challenger Tour Finals"
},
{
"idx": 4,
"is_supporting": true,
"paragraph_text": "Sociedad is a municipality in the Morazán department of El Salvador. It lies between La Unión and San Miguel, both of which are departments of El Salvador.",
"title": "Sociedad, Morazán"
},
{
"idx": 5,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Real Sociedad de Fútbol, S.A.D., more commonly referred to as Real Sociedad (; \"Royal Society\") or La Real, is a Spanish football club based in the city of San Sebastián, Basque Country, founded on 7 September 1909. It plays its home matches at the Anoeta Stadium. Real Sociedad won the Liga title in 1980–81 and 1981–82, and last finished runners-up in 2002–03. The club has also won the Copa del Rey twice, in 1909 and 1987. It contests the Basque derby against rivals Athletic Bilbao. Real Sociedad were founder members of La Liga in 1929, and its longest spell in the top flight was for 40 seasons, from 1967 to 2007.",
"title": "Real Sociedad"
},
{
"idx": 6,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Itsaso Nabaskues Lasheras (born 6 October 1990) is a Spanish football midfielder, who plays for Oiartzun KE of Spain's Primera División. She previously played for Real Sociedad and Athletic Club.",
"title": "Itsaso Nabaskues"
},
{
"idx": 7,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "New Delhi lies on several fault lines and thus experiences frequent earthquakes, most of them of mild intensity. There has, however, been a spike in the number of earthquakes in the last six years, most notable being a 5.4 magnitude earthquake in 2015 with its epicentre in Nepal, a 4.7-magnitude earthquake on 25 November 2007, a 4.2-magnitude earthquake on 7 September 2011, a 5.2-magnitude earthquake on 5 March 2012, and a swarm of twelve earthquakes, including four of magnitudes 2.5, 2.8, 3.1, and 3.3, on 12 November 2013.",
"title": "New Delhi"
},
{
"idx": 8,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "The 2004 Indian Ocean earthquake occurred at 00: 58: 53 UTC on 26 December with the epicentre off the west coast of Sumatra, Indonesia. The shock had a moment magnitude of 9.1 -- 9.3 and a maximum Mercalli intensity of IX (Violent). The undersea megathrust earthquake was caused when the Indian Plate was subducted by the Burma Plate and triggered a series of devastating tsunamis along the coasts of most landmasses bordering the Indian Ocean, killing 230,000 -- 280,000 people in 14 countries, and inundating coastal communities with waves up to 30 metres (100 ft) high. It was one of the deadliest natural disasters in recorded history. Indonesia was the hardest - hit country, followed by Sri Lanka, India, and Thailand.",
"title": "2004 Indian Ocean earthquake and tsunami"
},
{
"idx": 9,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Estadio Francisco Martínez Durón is a football stadium in Tocoa, Honduras. It is currently used mostly for football matches and is the home stadium of C.D. Real Sociedad. The stadium holds 3,000 people. The stadium hosted its first Honduran league final May 12, 2013 when Real Sociedad faced Olimpia. Its capacity was momentarily expanded to hold 6,000 people.",
"title": "Estadio Francisco Martínez Durón"
},
{
"idx": 10,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "A great cataclysm ends the Thurian Age some time after the Kull stories. Several countries sink into the sea, others rise from it, and the rest is devastated by earthquakes and volcanoes. Civilization is destroyed and the survivors attempt to build a new culture but warfare and a Lesser Cataclysm strike, creating the Hyborian \"Vilayet Sea\" and destroying any last remnants of Thurian society.",
"title": "Thurian Age"
},
{
"idx": 11,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "A series of large tsunamis up to 30 metres (100 ft) high were created by the earthquake that became known collectively as the Boxing Day tsunamis. These tsunamis flooded communities along the coasts of the Indian Ocean and killed an estimated 227,898 people in 14 countries; the Indonesian city of Banda Aceh reported the largest number of victims. The earthquake was one of the deadliest natural disasters in recorded history and the deadliest of the 21st century. Indonesia was the hardest - hit country, followed by Sri Lanka, India, and Thailand.",
"title": "2004 Indian Ocean earthquake and tsunami"
},
{
"idx": 12,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "The Revista Mexicana de Ciencias Geológicas is a triannual peer-reviewed open-access scientific journal published by the National Autonomous University of Mexico, Sociedad Geológica Mexicana, Instituto Nacional de Geoquímica, and Sociedad Mexicana de Paleontología. It covers the field of geology and related Earth sciences, primarily on issues that are relevant to Latin America and Mexico. It was established in 1976 and the editors-in-chief are Angel F. Nieto Samaniego and Peter Schaaf (National Autonomous University of Mexico).",
"title": "Revista Mexicana de Ciencias Geológicas"
},
{
"idx": 13,
"is_supporting": true,
"paragraph_text": "2001 El Salvador earthquake 200102130000 2001 - 02 - 13 13 ° 40 ′ N 88 ° 56 ′ W / 13.67 ° N 88.93 ° W / 13.67; - 88.93 Cojutepeque 6.6 VI 10 km Intensity VI in San Salvador. 315",
"title": "List of earthquakes in El Salvador"
},
{
"idx": 14,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "It is also known as the Wenchuan earthquake (Chinese: 汶川大地震; pinyin: Wènchuān dà dìzhèn; literally: \"Great Wenchuan earthquake\"), after the location of the earthquake's epicenter, Wenchuan County, Sichuan. The epicenter was 80 kilometres (50 mi) west-northwest of Chengdu, the provincial capital, with a focal depth of 19 km (12 mi). The earthquake was also felt in nearby countries and as far away as both Beijing and Shanghai—1,500 km (930 mi) and 1,700 km (1,060 mi) away—where office buildings swayed with the tremor. Strong aftershocks, some exceeding magnitude 6, continued to hit the area even months after the main quake, causing new casualties and damage.",
"title": "2008 Sichuan earthquake"
},
{
"idx": 15,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "The 1983 Biga earthquake hit northwestern Turkey on 5 July 1983. Responsible for five deaths and approximately twenty-six casualties throughout Biga and Erdek and damage in Istanbul, the earthquake measured 6.1 on the surface wave magnitude scale. It shook places as far away as eastern Greece. The United States Geological Survey listed the earthquake among the \"Significant Earthquakes of the World\" for 1983.",
"title": "1983 Biga earthquake"
},
{
"idx": 16,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Banking has traditionally been one of the strongest service export sectors in Uruguay: the country was once dubbed \"the Switzerland of America\", mainly for its banking sector and stability, although that stability has been threatened in the 21st century by the recent global economic climate. The largest bank in Uruguay is Banco Republica (BROU), based in Montevideo. Almost 20 private banks, most of them branches of international banks, operate in the country (Banco Santander, ABN AMRO, Citibank, Lloyds TSB, among others). There are also a myriad of brokers and financial-services bureaus, among them Ficus Capital, Galfin Sociedad de Bolsa, Europa Sociedad de Bolsa, Darío Cukier, GBU, Hordeñana & Asociados Sociedad de Bolsa, etc.",
"title": "Montevideo"
},
{
"idx": 17,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Official figures (as of July 21, 2008 12:00 CST) stated that 69,197 were confirmed dead, including 68,636 in Sichuan province, and 374,176 injured, with 18,222 listed as missing. The earthquake left about 4.8 million people homeless, though the number could be as high as 11 million. Approximately 15 million people lived in the affected area. It was the deadliest earthquake to hit China since the 1976 Tangshan earthquake, which killed at least 240,000 people, and the strongest in the country since the 1950 Chayu earthquake, which registered at 8.5 on the Richter magnitude scale. It is the 21st deadliest earthquake of all time. On November 6, 2008, the central government announced that it would spend 1 trillion RMB (about US $146.5 billion) over the next three years to rebuild areas ravaged by the earthquake, as part of the Chinese economic stimulus program.",
"title": "2008 Sichuan earthquake"
},
{
"idx": 18,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "The earthquake was the worst to strike the Sichuan area in over 30 years. Following the quake, experts and the general public sought information on whether or not the earthquake could have been predicted in advance, and whether or not studying statistics related to the quake could result in better prediction of earthquakes in the future. Earthquake prediction is not yet established science; there was no consensus within the scientific community that earthquake \"prediction\" is possible.",
"title": "2008 Sichuan earthquake"
},
{
"idx": 19,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Japanese seismologist Yuji Yagi at the University of Tsukuba said that the earthquake occurred in two stages: \"The 155-mile Longmenshan Fault tore in two sections, the first one ripping about seven yards, followed by a second one that sheared four yards.\" His data also showed that the earthquake lasted about two minutes and released 30 times the energy of the Great Hanshin earthquake of 1995 in Japan, which killed over 6,000 people. He pointed out that the shallowness of the epicenter and the density of population greatly increased the severity of the earthquake. Teruyuki Kato, a seismologist at the University of Tokyo, said that the seismic waves of the quake traveled a long distance without losing their power because of the firmness of the terrain in central China. According to reports from Chengdu, the capital of Sichuan province, the earthquake tremors lasted for \"about two or three minutes\".",
"title": "2008 Sichuan earthquake"
}
],
"question": "When was the last earthquake in the country where the municipality of Sociedad is found?",
"question_decomposition": [
{
"answer": "El Salvador",
"id": 518906,
"paragraph_support_idx": 4,
"question": "Sociedad >> country"
},
{
"answer": "2001 - 02 - 13",
"id": 44191,
"paragraph_support_idx": 13,
"question": "when was the last earthquake in #1"
}
]
} |
3hop1__457658_20680_21115 | How many Jews live in the country that Britain claims other than the country where Narrow Island is located? | 180,000-300,000 | [
"180,000-300,000"
] | {
"answer": "180,000-300,000",
"answer_aliases": [],
"answerable": true,
"id": "3hop1__457658_20680_21115",
"paragraphs": [
{
"idx": 0,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Desportivo Militar 6 de Setembro (Portuguese meaning September 6 in which the date is founded) is a football club that plays in the São Tomé and Príncipe Championship. The team is based in the village of Santana island of São Tomé. The club is the country's only military football club. The team is one of the few teams to claim presently only one island and national title, the club also has two island and national cup wins.",
"title": "6 de Setembro"
},
{
"idx": 1,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "The 3 to 10 ton was a sailing event on the Sailing at the 1900 Summer Olympics program in Meulan. Eleven boats started during the two races in the 3 to 10 ton. Twenty sailors are documented, besides the France and Great Britain participants there was a Mixed country team from the US and Great Britain. The races were held on 24 and 25 May 1900 on the river Seine.",
"title": "Sailing at the 1900 Summer Olympics – 3 to 10 ton"
},
{
"idx": 2,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Southeast Asia has an area of approximately 4,000,000 km2 (1.6 million square miles). As of 2013, Around 625 million people lived in the region, more than a fifth of them (143 million) on the Indonesian island of Java, the most densely populated large island in the world. Indonesia is the most populous country with 255 million people as of 2015, and also the 4th most populous country in the world. The distribution of the religions and people is diverse in Southeast Asia and varies by country. Some 30 million overseas Chinese also live in Southeast Asia, most prominently in Christmas Island, Indonesia, Malaysia, the Philippines, Singapore, and Thailand, and also, as the Hoa, in Vietnam.",
"title": "Southeast Asia"
},
{
"idx": 3,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "The British Nationality Act 1981 reclassified Saint Helena and the other Crown colonies as British Dependent Territories. The islanders lost their right of abode in Britain. For the next 20 years, many could find only low-paid work with the island government, and the only available employment outside Saint Helena was on the Falkland Islands and Ascension Island. The Development and Economic Planning Department, which still operates, was formed in 1988 to contribute to raising the living standards of the people of Saint Helena.",
"title": "Saint Helena"
},
{
"idx": 4,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Saint Kitts, also known more formally as Saint Christopher Island, is an island in the West Indies. The west side of the island borders the Caribbean Sea, and the eastern coast faces the Atlantic Ocean. Saint Kitts and the neighbouring island of Nevis constitute one country: the Federation of Saint Kitts and Nevis. Saint Kitts and Nevis are separated by a shallow channel known as \"The Narrows\".",
"title": "Saint Kitts"
},
{
"idx": 5,
"is_supporting": true,
"paragraph_text": "Britain retains sovereignty over 14 territories outside the British Isles, which were renamed the British Overseas Territories in 2002. Some are uninhabited except for transient military or scientific personnel; the remainder are self-governing to varying degrees and are reliant on the UK for foreign relations and defence. The British government has stated its willingness to assist any Overseas Territory that wishes to proceed to independence, where that is an option. British sovereignty of several of the overseas territories is disputed by their geographical neighbours: Gibraltar is claimed by Spain, the Falkland Islands and South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands are claimed by Argentina, and the British Indian Ocean Territory is claimed by Mauritius and Seychelles. The British Antarctic Territory is subject to overlapping claims by Argentina and Chile, while many countries do not recognise any territorial claims in Antarctica.",
"title": "British Empire"
},
{
"idx": 6,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Prior to 1948, approximately 800,000 Jews were living in lands which now make up the Arab world (excluding Israel). Of these, just under two-thirds lived in the French-controlled Maghreb region, 15–20% in the Kingdom of Iraq, approximately 10% in the Kingdom of Egypt and approximately 7% in the Kingdom of Yemen. A further 200,000 lived in Pahlavi Iran and the Republic of Turkey. Today, around 26,000 Jews live in Arab countries and around 30,000 in Iran and Turkey. A small-scale exodus had begun in many countries in the early decades of the 20th century, although the only substantial aliyah came from Yemen and Syria. The exodus from Arab and Muslim countries took place primarily from 1948. The first large-scale exoduses took place in the late 1940s and early 1950s, primarily in Iraq, Yemen and Libya, with up to 90% of these communities leaving within a few years. The peak of the exodus from Egypt occurred in 1956. The exodus in the Maghreb countries peaked in the 1960s. Lebanon was the only Arab country to see a temporary increase in its Jewish population during this period, due to an influx of refugees from other Arab countries, although by the mid-1970s the Jewish community of Lebanon had also dwindled. In the aftermath of the exodus wave from Arab states, an additional migration of Iranian Jews peaked in the 1980s when around 80% of Iranian Jews left the country.[citation needed]",
"title": "Jews"
},
{
"idx": 7,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "``All You Need Is Love ''is a song by the English rock band the Beatles that was released as a non-album single in July 1967. It was written by John Lennon and credited to Lennon -- McCartney. The Beatles performed the song over a pre-recorded backing track as Britain's contribution to Our World, the first live global television link. Watched by over 400 million in 25 countries, the programme was broadcast via satellite on 25 June 1967. The song captured the utopian sentiments of the Summer of Love era and topped singles charts in Britain, the United States and many other countries.",
"title": "All You Need Is Love"
},
{
"idx": 8,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "In 2016, Israel's population was an estimated 8,476,600 million people, of whom 6,345,400 (74.9%) were recorded by the civil government as Jews. 1,760,400 Arabs comprised 20.7% of the population, while non-Arab Christians and people who have no religion listed in the civil registry made up 4.4%. Over the last decade, large numbers of migrant workers from Romania, Thailand, China, Africa, and South America have settled in Israel. Exact figures are unknown, as many of them are living in the country illegally, but estimates run in the region of 203,000. By June 2012, approximately 60,000 African migrants had entered Israel. About 92% of Israelis live in urban areas.",
"title": "Israel"
},
{
"idx": 9,
"is_supporting": true,
"paragraph_text": "More than half of the Jews live in the Diaspora (see Population table). Currently, the largest Jewish community outside Israel, and either the largest or second-largest Jewish community in the world, is located in the United States, with 5.2 million to 6.4 million Jews by various estimates. Elsewhere in the Americas, there are also large Jewish populations in Canada (315,000), Argentina (180,000-300,000), and Brazil (196,000-600,000), and smaller populations in Mexico, Uruguay, Venezuela, Chile, Colombia and several other countries (see History of the Jews in Latin America). Demographers disagree on whether the United States has a larger Jewish population than Israel, with many maintaining that Israel surpassed the United States in Jewish population during the 2000s, while others maintain that the United States still has the largest Jewish population in the world. Currently, a major national Jewish population survey is planned to ascertain whether or not Israel has overtaken the United States in Jewish population.",
"title": "Jews"
},
{
"idx": 10,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Hell Gates () is a narrow (20 m wide) boat passage between the Vardim Rocks and Devils Point on Byers Peninsula, connecting Raskuporis Cove and Osogovo Bay at the southwest end of Livingston Island in the South Shetland Islands, Antarctica. The name dates back to about 1821 and was applied by early sealers in the area because many lives and ships were lost here.",
"title": "Hell Gates"
},
{
"idx": 11,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "England is a country that is part of the United Kingdom. It shares land borders with Scotland to the north and Wales to the west. The Irish Sea lies northwest of England and the Celtic Sea lies to the southwest. England is separated from continental Europe by the North Sea to the east and the English Channel to the south. The country covers five - eighths of the island of Great Britain (which lies in the North Atlantic) in its centre and south, and includes over 100 smaller named islands such as the Isles of Scilly and the Isle of Wight.",
"title": "England"
},
{
"idx": 12,
"is_supporting": true,
"paragraph_text": "Narrow Island is one of the Falkland Islands, in Byron Sound. It is between Golding Island and Middle Island, and to the west of East Island. As its name implies, it is slender, and extends for several miles east-west, while only being about 500 yards in width at is widest point.",
"title": "Narrow Island, Falkland Islands"
},
{
"idx": 13,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "\"Mi Corazoncito\" () is Aventura's second single from their second live album \"K.O.B. Live\". The song reached big recognition in many Spanish-speaking countries and reached number two on the \"Billboard\" Hot Latin Tracks chart.",
"title": "Mi Corazoncito"
},
{
"idx": 14,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "The Isthmus of Panama (Spanish: Istmo de Panamá), also historically known as the Isthmus of Darien (Spanish: Istmo de Darién), is the narrow strip of land that lies between the Caribbean Sea and the Pacific Ocean, linking North and South America. It contains the country of Panama and the Panama Canal. Like many isthmuses, it is a location of great strategic value.",
"title": "Isthmus of Panama"
},
{
"idx": 15,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Rates of interreligious marriage vary widely: In the United States, it is just under 50%, in the United Kingdom, around 53%; in France; around 30%, and in Australia and Mexico, as low as 10%. In the United States, only about a third of children from intermarriages affiliate with Jewish religious practice. The result is that most countries in the Diaspora have steady or slightly declining religiously Jewish populations as Jews continue to assimilate into the countries in which they live.[citation needed]",
"title": "Jews"
},
{
"idx": 16,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "This is a list of island countries. An island is a land mass (smaller than a continent) that is surrounded by water. Many island countries are spread over an archipelago, as is the case with the Federated States of Micronesia and the Indonesia (which consists of thousands of islands). Others consist of a single island, such as Nauru, or part of an island, such as Haiti. Although Australia is designated as a continent, it is often referred to as an island, as it has no land borders. Some declared island countries are not universally recognized as politically independent, such as Northern Cyprus. Some states, such as Taiwan, officially claim to hold continental territories but are de facto limited to control over islands.",
"title": "List of island countries"
},
{
"idx": 17,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "In an ethnic sense, an Ashkenazi Jew is one whose ancestry can be traced to the Jews who settled in Central Europe. For roughly a thousand years, the Ashkenazim were a reproductively isolated population in Europe, despite living in many countries, with little inflow or outflow from migration, conversion, or intermarriage with other groups, including other Jews. Human geneticists have argued that genetic variations have been identified that show high frequencies among Ashkenazi Jews, but not in the general European population, be they for patrilineal markers (Y-chromosome haplotypes) and for matrilineal markers (mitotypes). However, a 2013 study of Ashkenazi mitochondrial DNA, from the University of Huddersfield in England, suggests that at least 80 percent of the Ashkenazi maternal lineages derive from the assimilation of mtDNAs indigenous to Europe, probably as a consequence of conversion. Since the middle of the 20th century, many Ashkenazi Jews have intermarried, both with members of other Jewish communities and with people of other nations and faiths.",
"title": "Ashkenazi Jews"
},
{
"idx": 18,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Technicolor (formerly called Thomson Consumer Electronics) claims to control MP3 licensing of the Layer 3 patents in many countries, including the United States, Japan, Canada and EU countries. Technicolor has been actively enforcing these patents.",
"title": "MP3"
},
{
"idx": 19,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Ezio Gamba (born 2 December 1958, in Brescia) is a retired judoka from Italy, who represented his native country at four consecutive Summer Olympics (1976, 1980, 1984 and 1988). He claimed the gold medal in the men's lightweight division (– 71 kg) in 1980 by defeating Great Britain's Neil Adams.",
"title": "Ezio Gamba"
}
],
"question": "How many Jews live in the country that Britain claims other than the country where Narrow Island is located?",
"question_decomposition": [
{
"answer": "Falkland Islands",
"id": 457658,
"paragraph_support_idx": 12,
"question": "Narrow Island >> country"
},
{
"answer": "Argentina",
"id": 20680,
"paragraph_support_idx": 5,
"question": "Which country besides Britain claims #1 ?"
},
{
"answer": "180,000-300,000",
"id": 21115,
"paragraph_support_idx": 9,
"question": "How many Jews live in #2 ?"
}
]
} |
4hop3__145289_362455_28338_160498 | What are the biggest terrorist attacks by the group Bush said the war on terror begins with against the country where Sandy Eisenberg Sasso was born? | the 9/11 attacks | [
"the 9/11 attacks",
"9/11",
"September 11",
"September 11 attacks"
] | {
"answer": "the 9/11 attacks",
"answer_aliases": [
"9/11",
"September 11",
"September 11 attacks"
],
"answerable": true,
"id": "4hop3__145289_362455_28338_160498",
"paragraphs": [
{
"idx": 0,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "The official investigation concluded that it was organized by the same group as the February 2004 Moscow metro bombing, as well as two previous terrorist attacks on bus stops in Voronezh, southern Russia, in 2004. The deaths included the bomber and her accomplice, Nikolay Kipkeev (Kipkeyev), the head of an Islamic militant group Karachay Jamaat from the republic of Karachay–Cherkessia, as the bomb apparently exploded prematurely while the two were standing in the entrance hall of the metro station.",
"title": "August 2004 Moscow Metro bombing"
},
{
"idx": 1,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "The March 2012 Damascus bombings were two large car bombs that exploded in front of the air intelligence and criminal security headquarters in the Syrian capital of Damascus. At least 27 people were reported killed and over a 140 injured in the fourth major bombing since the beginning of the uprising and the second in the city. As in previous cases, the opposition blamed the government for orchestrating attacks, while the government placed the blame on terrorists and foreign groups.",
"title": "March 2012 Damascus bombings"
},
{
"idx": 2,
"is_supporting": true,
"paragraph_text": "The Federal Detention Center (FDC Philadelphia) is a United States Federal prison in Center City, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania which holds male and female inmates prior to or during court proceedings, as well as inmates serving brief sentences. It is operated by the Federal Bureau of Prisons, a division of the United States Department of Justice.",
"title": "Federal Detention Center, Philadelphia"
},
{
"idx": 3,
"is_supporting": true,
"paragraph_text": "On 16 September 2001, at Camp David, President George W. Bush used the phrase war on terrorism in an unscripted and controversial comment when he said, \"This crusade – this war on terrorism – is going to take a while, ... \" Bush later apologized for this remark due to the negative connotations the term crusade has to people, e.g. of Muslim faith. The word crusade was not used again. On 20 September 2001, during a televised address to a joint session of congress, Bush stated that, \"(o)ur 'war on terror' begins with al-Qaeda, but it does not end there. It will not end until every terrorist group of global reach has been found, stopped, and defeated.\"",
"title": "War on Terror"
},
{
"idx": 4,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "The September 11 attacks (also referred to as 9 / 11) were a series of four coordinated terrorist attacks by the Islamic terrorist group al - Qaeda on the United States on the morning of Tuesday, September 11, 2001. The attacks killed 2,996 people, injured over 6,000 others, and caused at least $10 billion in infrastructure and property damage.",
"title": "September 11 attacks"
},
{
"idx": 5,
"is_supporting": true,
"paragraph_text": "Sandy Eisenberg Sasso is the first woman to have been ordained a rabbi in Reconstructionist Judaism. She was ordained by the Reconstructionist Rabbinical College in Philadelphia, on May 19, 1974. She is also the author of many children's books on religious topics. Her son David was born on June 22, 1976, and her daughter Debora was born in 1979.",
"title": "Sandy Eisenberg Sasso"
},
{
"idx": 6,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "The Attack on Prekaz, also known as the Prekaz massacre, was an operation led by the Special Anti-Terrorism Unit of Serbia on 5 March 1998, to capture Kosovo Liberation Army (KLA) fighters deemed terrorists by Serbia. During the operation, KLA leader Adem Jashari and his brother Hamëz were killed, along with nearly 60 other family members. The attack was criticized by Amnesty International, which wrote in its report that: \"all evidence suggests that the attack was not intended to apprehend armed Albanians, but 'to eliminate the suspects and their families.'\" Serbia, on the other hand, claimed the raid was due to KLA attacks on police outposts.",
"title": "Attack on Prekaz"
},
{
"idx": 7,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Abu Yahya al-Libi (, ; c. 1963, Marzaq – June 4, 2012), born Mohamed Hassan Qaid, was a terrorist and leading high-ranking official within al-Qaeda, and an alleged member of the Libyan Islamic Fighting Group.",
"title": "Abu Yahya al-Libi"
},
{
"idx": 8,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "The War on Terrorism is a global effort by the governments of several countries (primarily the United States and its principal allies) to neutralize international terrorist groups (primarily Islamic Extremist terrorist groups, including al-Qaeda) and ensure that countries considered by the US and some of its allies to be Rogue Nations no longer support terrorist activities. It has been adopted primarily as a response to the September 11, 2001 attacks on the United States. Since 2001, terrorist motivated attacks upon service members have occurred in Arkansas and Texas.",
"title": "Military history of the United States"
},
{
"idx": 9,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Abdelkader Belliraj (, ; born 1957, Nador) is a Moroccan-Belgian citizen who was found guilty in 2009 of arms smuggling and planning terrorist attacks in Morocco.",
"title": "Abdelkader Belliraj"
},
{
"idx": 10,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "The 2017 Manchester Arena bombing was an Islamic terrorist attack in Manchester, United Kingdom. On 22 May 2017 a shrapnel - laden homemade bomb was detonated as people were leaving Manchester Arena following a concert by the American singer Ariana Grande. Twenty - three people were killed, including the attacker, and 250 were injured.",
"title": "Manchester Arena bombing"
},
{
"idx": 11,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "The Matzuva attack was a terrorist attack on March 12, 2002 in which two Islamic Jihad militants who infiltrated Israel from Lebanon opened fire on civilian vehicles traveling on the Shlomi-Matzuva road. Six Israelis were killed in the attack and one injured.",
"title": "Matzuva attack"
},
{
"idx": 12,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "The Oklahoma City bombing was a domestic terrorist truck bombing on the Alfred P. Murrah Federal Building in downtown Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, United States on April 19, 1995. Perpetrated by Timothy McVeigh and Terry Nichols, the bombing killed 168 people, injured more than 680 others, and destroyed one - third of the building. The blast destroyed or damaged 324 other buildings within a 16 - block radius, shattered glass in 258 nearby buildings, and destroyed or burned 86 cars, causing an estimated $652 million worth of damage. Extensive rescue efforts were undertaken by local, state, federal, and worldwide agencies in the wake of the bombing, and substantial donations were received from across the country. The Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) activated eleven of its Urban Search and Rescue Task Forces, consisting of 665 rescue workers who assisted in rescue and recovery operations. The Oklahoma City bombing was the deadliest terrorist attack on American soil until the September 11 attacks six years later, and it still remains the deadliest incident of domestic terrorism in United States history.",
"title": "Oklahoma City bombing"
},
{
"idx": 13,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Ghamdi was born in Saudi Arabia in 1979. He dropped out of school to fight in Chechnya and was probably sent to train in al-Qaeda camps in Afghanistan where he would be chosen by Osama bin Laden to participate in the terrorist attacks in America.",
"title": "Ahmed al-Ghamdi"
},
{
"idx": 14,
"is_supporting": true,
"paragraph_text": "Journalist Yosri Fouda of the Arabic television channel Al Jazeera reported that in April 2002 Khalid Sheikh Mohammed admitted his involvement in the attacks, along with Ramzi bin al-Shibh. The 9/11 Commission Report determined that the animosity towards the United States felt by Mohammed, the principal architect of the 9/11 attacks, stemmed from his \"violent disagreement with U.S. foreign policy favoring Israel\". Mohammed was also an adviser and financier of the 1993 World Trade Center bombing and the uncle of Ramzi Yousef, the lead bomber in that attack.Mohammed was arrested on March 1, 2003, in Rawalpindi, Pakistan, by Pakistani security officials working with the CIA. He was then held at multiple CIA secret prisons and Guantanamo Bay where he was interrogated and tortured with methods including waterboarding. During U.S. hearings at Guantanamo Bay in March 2007, Mohammed again confessed his responsibility for the attacks, stating he \"was responsible for the 9/11 operation from A to Z\" and that his statement was not made under duress.",
"title": "September 11 attacks"
},
{
"idx": 15,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "The Oklahoma City bombing was a domestic terrorist truck bombing on the Alfred P. Murrah Federal Building in downtown Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, United States on April 19, 1995. Perpetrated by Timothy McVeigh and Terry Nichols, the bombing happened at 9: 02am and killed at least 168 people, injured more than 680 others, and destroyed one - third of the building. The blast destroyed or damaged 324 other buildings within a 16 - block radius, shattered glass in 258 nearby buildings, and destroyed or burned 86 cars, causing an estimated $652 million worth of damage. Extensive rescue efforts were undertaken by local, state, federal, and worldwide agencies in the wake of the bombing, and substantial donations were received from across the country. The Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) activated 11 of its Urban Search and Rescue Task Forces, consisting of 665 rescue workers who assisted in rescue and recovery operations. Until the September 11 attacks in 2001, the Oklahoma City bombing was the deadliest terrorist attack in the history of the United States, and remains the deadliest incident of domestic terrorism in the country's history.",
"title": "Oklahoma City bombing"
},
{
"idx": 16,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "The Obama administration began to reengage in Iraq with a series of airstrikes aimed at ISIS beginning on 10 August 2014. On 9 September 2014 President Obama said that he had the authority he needed to take action to destroy the militant group known as the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant, citing the 2001 Authorization for Use of Military Force Against Terrorists, and thus did not require additional approval from Congress. The following day on 10 September 2014 President Barack Obama made a televised speech about ISIL, which he stated \"Our objective is clear: We will degrade, and ultimately destroy, ISIL through a comprehensive and sustained counter-terrorism strategy\". Obama has authorized the deployment of additional U.S. Forces into Iraq, as well as authorizing direct military operations against ISIL within Syria. On the night of 21/22 September the United States, Saudi Arabia, Bahrain, the UAE, Jordan and Qatar started air attacks against ISIS in Syria.[citation needed]",
"title": "War on Terror"
},
{
"idx": 17,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "The government of Pakistan reacted in the same vein, through its Foreign Minister Khurshid Mahmud Kasuri, proclaiming that this was an act of terrorism that should be investigated by Indian authorities. Kasuri said that the terrorist attack would not halt his trip to India, as he \"will be leaving tomorrow for Delhi to further the peace process.\" He went on to say that \"we should hasten the peace process.\" In response to the terrorist attack, President Pervez Musharraf stated \"such wanton acts of terrorism will only serve to further strengthen our resolve to attain the mutually desired objective of sustainable peace between the two countries.\" Musharraf also said that there must be a full Indian investigation of the attack. In regards to the upcoming peace talks, he stated \"we will not allow elements which want to sabotage the ongoing peace process to succeed in their nefarious designs.\"",
"title": "2007 Samjhauta Express bombings"
},
{
"idx": 18,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Other critics, such as Francis Fukuyama, note that \"terrorism\" is not an enemy, but a tactic; calling it a \"war on terror\", obscures differences between conflicts such as anti-occupation insurgents and international mujahideen. With a military presence in Iraq and Afghanistan and its associated collateral damage Shirley Williams maintains this increases resentment and terrorist threats against the West. There is also perceived U.S. hypocrisy, media-induced hysteria, and that differences in foreign and security policy have damaged America's image in most of the world.",
"title": "War on Terror"
},
{
"idx": 19,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "In January 2002, the U.S. sent more than 1,200 troops (later raised to 2,000) to assist the Armed Forces of the Philippines in combating terrorist groups linked to al-Qaida, such as Abu Sayyaf, under Operation Enduring Freedom - Philippines. Operations have taken place mostly in the Sulu Archipelago, where terrorists and other groups are active. The majority of troops provide logistics. However, there are special forces troops that are training and assisting in combat operations against the terrorist groups.",
"title": "Military history of the United States"
}
],
"question": "What are the biggest terrorist attacks by the group Bush said the war on terror begins with against the country where Sandy Eisenberg Sasso was born?",
"question_decomposition": [
{
"answer": "Philadelphia",
"id": 145289,
"paragraph_support_idx": 5,
"question": "Where was Sandy Eisenberg Sasso born?"
},
{
"answer": "the United States",
"id": 362455,
"paragraph_support_idx": 2,
"question": "Federal Detention Center, #1 >> country"
},
{
"answer": "with al-Qaeda",
"id": 28338,
"paragraph_support_idx": 3,
"question": "Where did Bush say the 'war on terror' begins?"
},
{
"answer": "the 9/11 attacks",
"id": 160498,
"paragraph_support_idx": 14,
"question": "what is the biggest terrorist attacks by the Islamic terrorist group #3 against #2"
}
]
} |
2hop__681297_26382 | Where is the school where Roger Cotterrell was educated at, sometimes known as UCL, ranked among the world's best colleges and universities? | 5th | [
"5th"
] | {
"answer": "5th",
"answer_aliases": [],
"answerable": true,
"id": "2hop__681297_26382",
"paragraphs": [
{
"idx": 0,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "The city management and urban policy program was ranked first in the nation, and the special education program second, by U.S. News & World Report's 2016 rankings. USN&WR also ranked several programs in the top 25 among U.S. universities.",
"title": "University of Kansas"
},
{
"idx": 1,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "In its 2019 edition, U.S. News & World Report ranked Colgate as the 16th-best liberal arts college in the country (tied with neighboring Hamilton College). The university's campus was ranked as the most beautiful by The Princeton Review in their 2010 edition. In July 2008, Colgate was named fifth on Forbes' list of Top Colleges for Getting Rich, the only non-Ivy League college in the top 5. Colgate is listed as one of America's 25 \"New Ivies\" by Newsweek magazine. It is also on the list of \"100 best campuses for LGBT students.\" Colgate has been ranked third by The Journal of Blacks in Higher Education for its success in integrating African-American students.In 2014, Colgate was ranked the top college in the United States by Payscale and CollegeNet's Social Mobility Index college rankings. It is also listed as one of 30 Hidden Ivies and as one of Newsweek's \"New Ivies\". In 2014, Princeton Review ranked Colgate as the Most Beautiful Campus in America.",
"title": "Colgate University"
},
{
"idx": 2,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "The graduate school at SESP consistently ranks among the top graduate schools of education nationally. The most recent ranking by U.S. News & World Report places SESP at 7th nationwide.",
"title": "Northwestern University School of Education and Social Policy"
},
{
"idx": 3,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "With 120,000 students in London, the federal University of London is the largest contact teaching university in the UK. It includes four large multi-faculty universities – King's College London, Queen Mary, Royal Holloway and UCL – and a number of smaller and more specialised institutions including Birkbeck, the Courtauld Institute of Art, Goldsmiths, Guildhall School of Music and Drama, the Institute of Education, the London Business School, the London School of Economics, the London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, the Royal Academy of Music, the Central School of Speech and Drama, the Royal Veterinary College and the School of Oriental and African Studies. Members of the University of London have their own admissions procedures, and some award their own degrees.",
"title": "London"
},
{
"idx": 4,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "In 2015-2016, Notre Dame ranked 18th overall among \"national universities\" in the United States in U.S. News & World Report's Best Colleges 2016. In 2014, USA Today ranked Notre Dame 10th overall for American universities based on data from College Factual. Forbes.com's America's Best Colleges ranks Notre Dame 13th among colleges in the United States in 2015, 8th among Research Universities, and 1st in the Midwest. U.S. News & World Report also lists Notre Dame Law School as 22nd overall. BusinessWeek ranks Mendoza College of Business undergraduate school as 1st overall. It ranks the MBA program as 20th overall. The Philosophical Gourmet Report ranks Notre Dame's graduate philosophy program as 15th nationally, while ARCHITECT Magazine ranked the undergraduate architecture program as 12th nationally. Additionally, the study abroad program ranks sixth in highest participation percentage in the nation, with 57.6% of students choosing to study abroad in 17 countries. According to payscale.com, undergraduate alumni of University of Notre Dame have a mid-career median salary $110,000, making it the 24th highest among colleges and universities in the United States. The median starting salary of $55,300 ranked 58th in the same peer group.",
"title": "University of Notre Dame"
},
{
"idx": 5,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "The National Institute of Education (NIE) is an autonomous institute of Nanyang Technological University (NTU) in Singapore. Ranked 12th in the world and 2nd in Asia by the QS World University Rankings in the subject of Education in 2015, the institute is the sole teacher education institute for teachers in Singapore. NIE provides all levels of teacher education, ranging from initial teacher preparation, to graduate and in-service programmes, and courses for serving teachers, department heads, vice-principals and principals. Its enrolment stands at more than 5,600 full-time equivalent students. The institute was first established as the Teachers' Training College in 1950.",
"title": "National Institute of Education"
},
{
"idx": 6,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Jones Airport is one of the busiest in the United States. In 2005, it had 347,000 operations, enough to rank it fourth among general aviation (GA) airports and thirtieth among all airports, according to a 2007 FAA report. It also was the busiest in Oklahoma, outranking both Will Rogers World Airport and Tulsa International.",
"title": "Richard Lloyd Jones Jr. Airport"
},
{
"idx": 7,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "In 2009, former British Prime Minister Tony Blair picked Yale as one location – the others are Britain's Durham University and Universiti Teknologi Mara – for the Tony Blair Faith Foundation's United States Faith and Globalization Initiative. As of 2009, former Mexican President Ernesto Zedillo is the director of the Yale Center for the Study of Globalization and teaches an undergraduate seminar, \"Debating Globalization\". As of 2009, former presidential candidate and DNC chair Howard Dean teaches a residential college seminar, \"Understanding Politics and Politicians.\" Also in 2009, an alliance was formed among Yale, University College London, and both schools’ affiliated hospital complexes to conduct research focused on the direct improvement of patient care—a growing field known as translational medicine. President Richard Levin noted that Yale has hundreds of other partnerships across the world, but \"no existing collaboration matches the scale of the new partnership with UCL\".",
"title": "Yale University"
},
{
"idx": 8,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "RMIT University was also ranked among the top 51–100 universities in the world in the subjects of: accounting, Business and Management, communication and media studies, computer science and information systems. The Swinburne University of Technology, based in the inner city Melbourne suburb of Hawthorn is ranked 76–100 in the world for Physics by the Academic Ranking of World Universities making Swinburne the only Australian university outside the Group of Eight to achieve a top 100 rating in a science discipline. Deakin University maintains two major campuses in Melbourne and Geelong, and is the third largest university in Victoria. In recent years, the number of international students at Melbourne's universities has risen rapidly, a result of an increasing number of places being made available to full fee paying students. Education in Melbourne is overseen by the Victorian Department of Education and Early Childhood Development (DEECD), whose role is to 'provide policy and planning advice for the delivery of education'.",
"title": "Melbourne"
},
{
"idx": 9,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "In 1983 the historic old town in the centre of Bern became a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Bern is ranked among the world’s top ten cities for the best quality of life (2010).",
"title": "Bern"
},
{
"idx": 10,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Kate Bradbury Griffith aka Kate Griffith (née Bradbury) (26 August 1854 – 2 March 1902) was a British Egyptologist who assisted in the early development of the Egypt Exploration Society and the Department of Egyptology at University College London (UCL).",
"title": "Kate Bradbury Griffith"
},
{
"idx": 11,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Raymond Wilson Chambers (12 November 1874 – 23 April 1942) was a British literary scholar, author, and academic; throughout his career he was associated with University College London (UCL).",
"title": "Raymond Wilson Chambers"
},
{
"idx": 12,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "As one of the most selective medical schools in the United States, it is currently ranked 18th among research universities for medical education by the US News & World Report.",
"title": "Pritzker School of Medicine"
},
{
"idx": 13,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "The School of Education and Social Policy (SESP), established in 1926, is the smallest of the eight undergraduate and graduate institutions at Northwestern University, USA. Located about 12 miles north of downtown Chicago in Evanston, Illinois, SESP is devoted to the academic study of education and is consistently ranked among the top schools of education in the US.",
"title": "Northwestern University School of Education and Social Policy"
},
{
"idx": 14,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Sarah-Jayne Blakemore (born 11 August 1974) is Professor of Cognitive Neuroscience at the Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, University College London and co-director of the Wellcome Trust PhD Programme in Neuroscience at UCL",
"title": "Sarah-Jayne Blakemore"
},
{
"idx": 15,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Gloria Laycock was the founding Director of the Jill Dando Institute of Crime Science at University College London (UCL), and ran UCL's Centre for Security & Crime Science. She is an internationally renowned expert in crime prevention, and especially situational approaches which seek to design out situations which provoke crime.",
"title": "Gloria Laycock"
},
{
"idx": 16,
"is_supporting": true,
"paragraph_text": "Roger Cotterrell studied law at University College London as an undergraduate and postgraduate and began his teaching career at the University of Leicester as a lecturer in law in 1969. After returning to London in 1973, he studied sociology and politics at Birkbeck College while teaching law full-time at Queen Mary College. Thereafter he was one of the small group of law and sociology academics in Britain who first specialised in the new field of sociology of law from the 1970s. His leading book on the subject has been translated into several languages. From the late 1990s he developed a \"law and community\" approach to socio-legal theory, attempting to replace sociology of law's traditional \"law and society\" approach, and stressing links with comparative law and the study of law's embeddedness in culture.",
"title": "Roger Cotterrell"
},
{
"idx": 17,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Israel has nine public universities that are subsidized by the state and 49 private colleges. The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Israel's second-oldest university after the Technion, houses the National Library of Israel, the world's largest repository of Judaica and Hebraica. The Technion, the Hebrew University, and the Weizmann Institute consistently ranked among world's 100 top universities by the prestigious ARWU academic ranking. The Hebrew University of Jerusalem and Tel Aviv University are ranked among the world's top 100 universities by Times Higher Education magazine. Other major universities in the country include Bar-Ilan University, the University of Haifa, The Open University, and Ben-Gurion University of the Negev. Ariel University, in the West Bank, is the newest university institution, upgraded from college status, and the first in over thirty years. Israel's seven research universities (excluding the Open University) are consistently ranked among top 500 in the world.",
"title": "Israel"
},
{
"idx": 18,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "London is a major global centre of higher education teaching and research and its 43 universities form the largest concentration of higher education institutes in Europe. According to the QS World University Rankings 2015/16, London has the greatest concentration of top class universities in the world and the international student population around 110,000 which is also more than any other city in the world. A 2014 PricewaterhouseCoopers report termed London as the global capital of higher education",
"title": "London"
},
{
"idx": 19,
"is_supporting": true,
"paragraph_text": "A number of world-leading education institutions are based in London. In the 2014/15 QS World University Rankings, Imperial College London is ranked joint 2nd in the world (alongside The University of Cambridge), University College London (UCL) is ranked 5th, and King's College London (KCL) is ranked 16th. The London School of Economics has been described as the world's leading social science institution for both teaching and research. The London Business School is considered one of the world's leading business schools and in 2015 its MBA programme was ranked second best in the world by the Financial Times.",
"title": "London"
}
],
"question": "Where is the school where Roger Cotterrell was educated at, sometimes known as UCL, ranked among the world's best colleges and universities?",
"question_decomposition": [
{
"answer": "University College London",
"id": 681297,
"paragraph_support_idx": 16,
"question": "Roger Cotterrell >> educated at"
},
{
"answer": "5th",
"id": 26382,
"paragraph_support_idx": 19,
"question": "Where is #1 , or UCL, ranked among the world's best colleges and universities?"
}
]
} |
3hop1__332614_131794_17114 | The United Grand Lodge, of the country where the birthplace of Albert Cox is found, was formed on what date? | 27 December 1813 | [
"27 December 1813"
] | {
"answer": "27 December 1813",
"answer_aliases": [],
"answerable": true,
"id": "3hop1__332614_131794_17114",
"paragraphs": [
{
"idx": 0,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "The Boca Grande Community Center (also known as Boca Grande School) is a historic site in Boca Grande, Florida, United States. It is located east of Park Avenue, between 1st and 2nd Streets. On March 30, 1995, it was added to the U.S. National Register of Historic Places.",
"title": "Boca Grande Community Center"
},
{
"idx": 1,
"is_supporting": true,
"paragraph_text": "The first Grand Lodge, the Grand Lodge of London and Westminster (later called the Grand Lodge of England (GLE)), was founded on 24 June 1717, when four existing London Lodges met for a joint dinner. Many English Lodges joined the new regulatory body, which itself entered a period of self-publicity and expansion. However, many Lodges could not endorse changes which some Lodges of the GLE made to the ritual (they came to be known as the Moderns), and a few of these formed a rival Grand Lodge on 17 July 1751, which they called the \"Antient Grand Lodge of England.\" These two Grand Lodges vied for supremacy until the Moderns promised to return to the ancient ritual. They united on 27 December 1813 to form the United Grand Lodge of England (UGLE).",
"title": "Freemasonry"
},
{
"idx": 2,
"is_supporting": true,
"paragraph_text": "Albert Edward Harrison Cox (24 June 1917 in Treeton, Rotherham – April 2003) was a footballer who played as a left-back for Sheffield United and Halifax Town.",
"title": "Albert Cox"
},
{
"idx": 3,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "The majority of Freemasonry considers the Liberal (Continental) strand to be Irregular, and thus withhold recognition. For the Continental lodges, however, having a different approach to Freemasonry was not a reason for severing masonic ties. In 1961, an umbrella organisation, Centre de Liaison et d'Information des Puissances maçonniques Signataires de l'Appel de Strasbourg (CLIPSAS) was set up, which today provides a forum for most of these Grand Lodges and Grand Orients worldwide. Included in the list of over 70 Grand Lodges and Grand Orients are representatives of all three of the above categories, including mixed and women's organisations. The United Grand Lodge of England does not communicate with any of these jurisdictions, and expects its allies to follow suit. This creates the distinction between Anglo-American and Continental Freemasonry.",
"title": "Freemasonry"
},
{
"idx": 4,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "In 1799, English Freemasonry almost came to a halt due to Parliamentary proclamation. In the wake of the French Revolution, the Unlawful Societies Act 1799 banned any meetings of groups that required their members to take an oath or obligation. The Grand Masters of both the Moderns and the Antients Grand Lodges called on Prime Minister William Pitt (who was not a Freemason) and explained to him that Freemasonry was a supporter of the law and lawfully constituted authority and was much involved in charitable work. As a result, Freemasonry was specifically exempted from the terms of the Act, provided that each private lodge's Secretary placed with the local \"Clerk of the Peace\" a list of the members of his lodge once a year. This continued until 1967 when the obligation of the provision was rescinded by Parliament.",
"title": "Freemasonry"
},
{
"idx": 5,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Relations between Grand Lodges are determined by the concept of Recognition. Each Grand Lodge maintains a list of other Grand Lodges that it recognises. When two Grand Lodges recognise and are in Masonic communication with each other, they are said to be in amity, and the brethren of each may visit each other's Lodges and interact Masonically. When two Grand Lodges are not in amity, inter-visitation is not allowed. There are many reasons why one Grand Lodge will withhold or withdraw recognition from another, but the two most common are Exclusive Jurisdiction and Regularity.",
"title": "Freemasonry"
},
{
"idx": 6,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Masonic lodges created a private model for public affairs. They \"reconstituted the polity and established a constitutional form of self-government, complete with constitutions and laws, elections and representatives.\" In other words, the micro-society set up within the lodges constituted a normative model for society as a whole. This was especially true on the Continent: when the first lodges began to appear in the 1730s, their embodiment of British values was often seen as threatening by state authorities. For example, the Parisian lodge that met in the mid 1720s was composed of English Jacobite exiles. Furthermore, freemasons all across Europe explicitly linked themselves to the Enlightenment as a whole. In French lodges, for example, the line \"As the means to be enlightened I search for the enlightened\" was a part of their initiation rites. British lodges assigned themselves the duty to \"initiate the unenlightened\". This did not necessarily link lodges to the irreligious, but neither did this exclude them from the occasional heresy. In fact, many lodges praised the Grand Architect, the masonic terminology for the deistic divine being who created a scientifically ordered universe.",
"title": "Age of Enlightenment"
},
{
"idx": 7,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "The Hostetter Inn is a historic lodging facility located outside the village of Lisbon, Ohio, United States. Constructed in the early 1830s, it has been designated a historic site.",
"title": "Hostetter Inn"
},
{
"idx": 8,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "The Clearwater Masonic and Grand Army of the Republic Hall is a historic building in Clearwater, Minnesota, United States, constructed in 1888. It has served as a meeting hall for both a local Grand Army of the Republic (GAR) post, and a local Masonic Lodge, with commercial space on the ground floor. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1979 under the name Clearwater Masonic Lodge–Grand Army of the Republic Hall for having local significance in the themes of architecture and social history. It was nominated for its association with the fraternal organizations of Clearwater and many other rural Wright County communities that, in the words of historian John J. Hackett, \"provided leadership, direction, and contributions to the county's political, educational, patriotic, and social life.\"",
"title": "Clearwater Masonic and Grand Army of the Republic Hall"
},
{
"idx": 9,
"is_supporting": true,
"paragraph_text": "Treeton is a village and civil parish of the Metropolitan Borough of Rotherham in South Yorkshire, England. It is located about south of the town of Rotherham and east of Sheffield City Centre.",
"title": "Treeton"
},
{
"idx": 10,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "In general, Continental Freemasonry is sympathetic to Freemasonry amongst women, dating from the 1890s when French lodges assisted the emergent co-masonic movement by promoting enough of their members to the 33rd degree of the Ancient and Accepted Scottish Rite to allow them, in 1899, to form their own grand council, recognised by the other Continental Grand Councils of that Rite. The United Grand Lodge of England issued a statement in 1999 recognising the two women's grand lodges there to be regular in all but the participants. While they were not, therefore, recognised as regular, they were part of Freemasonry \"in general\". The attitude of most regular Anglo-American grand lodges remains that women Freemasons are not legitimate Masons.",
"title": "Freemasonry"
},
{
"idx": 11,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Masonic lodges existed in Iraq as early as 1917, when the first lodge under the United Grand Lodge of England (UGLE) was opened. Nine lodges under UGLE existed by the 1950s, and a Scottish lodge was formed in 1923. However, the position changed following the revolution, and all lodges were forced to close in 1965. This position was later reinforced under Saddam Hussein; the death penalty was \"prescribed\" for those who \"promote or acclaim Zionist principles, including freemasonry, or who associate [themselves] with Zionist organisations.\"",
"title": "Freemasonry"
},
{
"idx": 12,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Callender is a census-designated place in San Luis Obispo County, California, United States. Callender is located along California State Route 1 south of Arroyo Grande. The population was 1,262 at the 2010 census.",
"title": "Callender, California"
},
{
"idx": 13,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Deer Lodge is an unincorporated community in Morgan County, Tennessee, United States. It is located along Tennessee State Route 329 west-southwest of Sunbright. Deer Lodge has a post office with ZIP code 37726, which opened on April 16, 1886. The community was established as a health resort in the 1880s by Rugby colonist Abner Ross.",
"title": "Deer Lodge, Tennessee"
},
{
"idx": 14,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "A dispute during the Lausanne Congress of Supreme Councils of 1875 prompted the Grand Orient de France to commission a report by a Protestant pastor which concluded that, as Freemasonry was not a religion, it should not require a religious belief. The new constitutions read, \"Its principles are absolute liberty of conscience and human solidarity\", the existence of God and the immortality of the soul being struck out. It is possible that the immediate objections of the United Grand Lodge of England were at least partly motivated by the political tension between France and Britain at the time. The result was the withdrawal of recognition of the Grand Orient of France by the United Grand Lodge of England, a situation that continues today.",
"title": "Freemasonry"
},
{
"idx": 15,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "English Freemasonry spread to France in the 1720s, first as lodges of expatriates and exiled Jacobites, and then as distinctively French lodges which still follow the ritual of the Moderns. From France and England, Freemasonry spread to most of Continental Europe during the course of the 18th century. The Grande Loge de France formed under the Grand Mastership of the Duke of Clermont, who exercised only nominal authority. His successor, the Duke of Orléans, reconstituted the central body as the Grand Orient de France in 1773. Briefly eclipsed during the French Revolution, French Freemasonry continued to grow in the next century.",
"title": "Freemasonry"
},
{
"idx": 16,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "The Albert Zahn House is located in Baileys Harbor, Wisconsin, United States. It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 2000.",
"title": "Albert Zahn House"
},
{
"idx": 17,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "The earliest known American lodges were in Pennsylvania. The Collector for the port of Pennsylvania, John Moore, wrote of attending lodges there in 1715, two years before the formation of the first Grand Lodge in London. The Premier Grand Lodge of England appointed a Provincial Grand Master for North America in 1731, based in Pennsylvania. Other lodges in the colony obtained authorisations from the later Antient Grand Lodge of England, the Grand Lodge of Scotland, and the Grand Lodge of Ireland, which was particularly well represented in the travelling lodges of the British Army. Many lodges came into existence with no warrant from any Grand Lodge, applying and paying for their authorisation only after they were confident of their own survival.",
"title": "Freemasonry"
},
{
"idx": 18,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Prince Hall Freemasonry exists because of the refusal of early American lodges to admit African-Americans. In 1775, an African-American named Prince Hall, along with fourteen other African-Americans, was initiated into a British military lodge with a warrant from the Grand Lodge of Ireland, having failed to obtain admission from the other lodges in Boston. When the military Lodge left North America, those fifteen men were given the authority to meet as a Lodge, but not to initiate Masons. In 1784, these individuals obtained a Warrant from the Premier Grand Lodge of England (GLE) and formed African Lodge, Number 459. When the UGLE was formed in 1813, all U.S.-based Lodges were stricken from their rolls – due largely to the War of 1812. Thus, separated from both UGLE and any concordantly recognised U.S. Grand Lodge, African Lodge re-titled itself as the African Lodge, Number 1 – and became a de facto \"Grand Lodge\" (this Lodge is not to be confused with the various Grand Lodges on the Continent of Africa). As with the rest of U.S. Freemasonry, Prince Hall Freemasonry soon grew and organised on a Grand Lodge system for each state.",
"title": "Freemasonry"
},
{
"idx": 19,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Freemasonry, as it exists in various forms all over the world, has a membership estimated by the United Grand Lodge of England at around six million worldwide. The fraternity is administratively organised into independent Grand Lodges (or sometimes Grand Orients), each of which governs its own Masonic jurisdiction, which consists of subordinate (or constituent) Lodges. The largest single jurisdiction, in terms of membership, is the United Grand Lodge of England (with a membership estimated at around a quarter million). The Grand Lodge of Scotland and Grand Lodge of Ireland (taken together) have approximately 150,000 members. In the United States total membership is just under two million.",
"title": "Freemasonry"
}
],
"question": "The United Grand Lodge, of the country where the birthplace of Albert Cox is found, was formed on what date?",
"question_decomposition": [
{
"answer": "Treeton",
"id": 332614,
"paragraph_support_idx": 2,
"question": "Albert Cox >> place of birth"
},
{
"answer": "England",
"id": 131794,
"paragraph_support_idx": 9,
"question": "Which state is #1 located?"
},
{
"answer": "27 December 1813",
"id": 17114,
"paragraph_support_idx": 1,
"question": "The United Grand Lodge of #2 was formed on what date?"
}
]
} |
2hop__296383_421384 | What river flows through the city where Nguyễn Quốc Huân was born? | Red River | [
"Red River"
] | {
"answer": "Red River",
"answer_aliases": [],
"answerable": true,
"id": "2hop__296383_421384",
"paragraphs": [
{
"idx": 0,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Water covers 71% of the Earth's surface. It is vital for all known forms of life. On Earth, 96.5% of the planet's crust water is found in seas and oceans, 1.7% in groundwater, 1.7% in glaciers and the ice caps of Antarctica and Greenland, a small fraction in other large water bodies, 0.001% in the air as vapor, clouds (formed of ice and liquid water suspended in air), and precipitation. Only 2.5% of this water is freshwater, and 98.8% of that water is in ice (excepting ice in clouds) and groundwater. Less than 0.3% of all freshwater is in rivers, lakes, and the atmosphere, and an even smaller amount of the Earth's freshwater (0.003%) is contained within biological bodies and manufactured products. A greater quantity of water is found in the earth's interior.",
"title": "Water"
},
{
"idx": 1,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "In February 2018, the Groenland Water Users' Association (a representative body for farmers in the Elgin and Grabouw agricultural areas around Cape Town) began releasing an additional 10 billion litres of water into the Steenbras Dam.",
"title": "Cape Town water crisis"
},
{
"idx": 2,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Nguyễn Đức Soát (born June 24, 1946) was a Mikoyan-Gurevich MiG-21 pilot of the Vietnamese People's Air Force, he flew with the 921st fighter regiment (later the 927th FR) and tied for fourth place amongst Vietnam War fighter aces with six kills.",
"title": "Nguyễn Đức Soát"
},
{
"idx": 3,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "It is located entirely within the county of Cumbria, and all the land in England higher than 3,000 feet (910 m) above sea level lies within the National Park, including Scafell Pike, the highest mountain in England. It also contains the deepest and longest bodies of water in England, respectively Wast Water and Windermere.",
"title": "Lake District"
},
{
"idx": 4,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Butterfly Pond, also known as Aldrich Brook, is a body of water in the town of Lincoln, in Providence County, Rhode Island.",
"title": "Butterfly Pond"
},
{
"idx": 5,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "After Quang Trung's death, the Tây Sơn dynasty became unstable as the remaining brothers fought against each other and against the people who were loyal to Nguyễn Huệ's infant son. Nguyễn Ánh sailed north in 1799, capturing Tây Sơn's stronghold Qui Nhơn. In 1801, his force took Phú Xuân, the Tây Sơn capital. Nguyễn Ánh finally won the war in 1802, when he sieged Thăng Long (Hanoi) and executed Nguyễn Huệ's son, Nguyễn Quang Toản, along with many Tây Sơn generals and officials. Nguyễn Ánh ascended the throne and called himself Emperor Gia Long. Gia is for Gia Định, the old name of Saigon; Long is for Thăng Long, the old name of Hanoi. Hence Gia Long implied the unification of the country. The Nguyễn dynasty lasted until Bảo Đại's abdication in 1945. As China for centuries had referred to Đại Việt as Annam, Gia Long asked the Manchu Qing emperor to rename the country, from Annam to Nam Việt. To prevent any confusion of Gia Long's kingdom with Triệu Đà's ancient kingdom, the Manchu emperor reversed the order of the two words to Việt Nam. The name Vietnam is thus known to be used since Emperor Gia Long's reign. Recently historians have found that this name had existed in older books in which Vietnamese referred to their country as Vietnam.",
"title": "History of Vietnam"
},
{
"idx": 6,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Quốc Học – Huế High School for the Gifted or simply \"\"the Quốc Học of Huế\"\" is a national magnet and gifted high school in Thừa Thiên–Huế, Vietnam. Founded on October 23, 1896, Quốc Học - Huế is the second oldest high school in Vietnam. The school is recognized for its strong academic results, students' qualities and staffs' levels. For a long time, Quốc Học – Huế has always been ranked in the top three high schools in the nation in terms of the quality of education. Other schools include Chu Van An High School in Hanoi and Lê Hồng Phong High School in Ho Chi Minh City. The school is also famous for the notable political leaders who graduated from it, and Ho Chi Minh who was dismissed from it in 1908 for revolutionary activities.",
"title": "Quốc Học – Huế High School for the Gifted"
},
{
"idx": 7,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Colonel General Nguyễn Huy Hiệu (born 1947) is an officer of the Vietnam People's Army and current Deputy Minister of Defence of Vietnam. Enlisted in 1965, Nguyễn Huy Hiệu fought in various battlefields during Vietnam War, especially the Battle of Quảng Trị where he was appointed commander of battalion at the age of 23. Nguyễn Huy Hiệu began to hold the position of Deputy Minister of Defence in 1994.",
"title": "Nguyễn Huy Hiệu"
},
{
"idx": 8,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "San Juan is located along the north - eastern coast of Puerto Rico. It lies south of the Atlantic Ocean; north of Caguas and Trujillo Alto; east of and Guaynabo; and west of Carolina. The city occupies an area of 76.93 square miles (199.2 km), of which, 29.11 square miles (75.4 km) (37.83%) is water. San Juan's main water bodies are San Juan Bay and two natural lagoons, the Condado and San José.",
"title": "San Juan, Puerto Rico"
},
{
"idx": 9,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "In the main hall is a banner, containing a verse of praise of the temple and its founder, written by Nguyễn Phúc Chu, one of the Nguyễn lords who once ruled central and southern Vietnam and the city of Huế. The temple is situated on a small hill in the ward of Trường An in the city of Huế. It is located about from the Phú Cam bridge that spans the Perfume River, which passes through Huế.",
"title": "Quốc Ân Temple"
},
{
"idx": 10,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Harrisville Pond is a water body located in Cheshire County in southwestern New Hampshire, United States, in the town of Harrisville. It is one of many lakes and ponds along Nubanusit Brook, a tributary of the Contoocook River. Water from Nubanusit Lake flows via the Great Meadows into the pond on the north side and out of the pond at two dams on the south side. One dam allows the level of the pond to be raised or lowered and also adjusts the flow through the mills that span that part of the outlet, while the other dam is made of large stones and sandbags. The village of Harrisville is located at the outlet of the pond.",
"title": "Harrisville Pond"
},
{
"idx": 11,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Tân Sơn Nhất International Airport (IATA: SGN, ICAO: VVTS) (Vietnamese: Sân bay quốc tế Tân Sơn Nhất, Vietnamese: Cảng hàng không quốc tế Tân Sơn Nhất) is the busiest airport in Vietnam with 32.5 million passengers in 2016, serving Ho Chi Minh City as well as the rest of southeastern Vietnam. As of January 2017, it had a total capacity of only 25 million passengers, which has caused constant congestion and sparked debate for expanding or building a new airport. The airport's IATA code, SGN, is derived from the city's former name of Saigon.",
"title": "Tan Son Nhat International Airport"
},
{
"idx": 12,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Susqueda Reservoir () is a reservoir located on the Ter river, near Osor, Catalonia, Spain. The dam is located in Osor while the main water body is within the boundaries of Susqueda and Sant Hilari Sacalm. The construction of the dam was completed in 1968, creating a reservoir with a storage capacity of 233 hm³ that covered the old villages of Susqueda and Querós. The dam has a structural height of 135 m and a crest length of 360 m.",
"title": "Susqueda Reservoir"
},
{
"idx": 13,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Intracellular fluid (2 / 3 of body water) is fluid contained within cells. In a 72 - kg body containing 40 litres of fluid, about 25 litres is intracellular, which amounts to 62.5%. Jackson's texts states 70% of body fluid is intracellular.",
"title": "Body water"
},
{
"idx": 14,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Phú Quốc (), is the largest island in Vietnam. Phú Quốc and nearby islands, along with distant Thổ Chu Islands, is part of Kiên Giang Province as Phú Quốc District, the island has a total area of and a permanent population of approximately 103,000. Located in the Gulf of Thailand, the district of Phú Quốc includes the island proper and 21 smaller islets. Dương Đông town, is located on the west coast, and is also the administrative and largest town on the island. The other township is An Thoi on the southern tip of the island.",
"title": "Phú Quốc"
},
{
"idx": 15,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Central Water Commission chairman, S. Masood Hussain will head the CWMA and chief engineer of the Central Water Commission, Navin Kumar will be the first chairman of the CWRC. While the CWMA is an umbrella body, the CWRC will monitor water management on a day - to - day basis, including the water level and inflow and outflow of reservoirs in all the basin states.",
"title": "Kaveri River water dispute"
},
{
"idx": 16,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Nguyễn Sinh Hùng (born 18 January 1946) is a Vietnamese politician who served as Chairman of the National Assembly of Vietnam from 2011 to 2016. Nguyễn Sinh Hùng was previously one of the country's four \"key leaders\" (\"lãnh đạo chủ chốt\"), along with Party General Secretary Nguyễn Phú Trọng, President Trương Tấn Sang and Prime Minister Nguyễn Tấn Dũng, during the 11th National Congress of the Communist Party of Vietnam . He graduated from the University of National and World Economy in Bulgaria.",
"title": "Nguyễn Sinh Hùng"
},
{
"idx": 17,
"is_supporting": true,
"paragraph_text": "The Nhật Tân Bridge (or \"Vietnam–Japan Friendship Bridge\") is a cable-stayed bridge crossing the Red River in Hanoi, inaugurated on January 4, 2015. It forms part of a new six-lane highway linking Hanoi and Noi Bai International Airport. The project is funded by a Japan International Cooperation Agency ODA loan.",
"title": "Nhật Tân Bridge"
},
{
"idx": 18,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Lieutenant General Dương Văn Đức (1927–1983) was an officer in the Army of the Republic of Vietnam. He is best known for leading a coup attempt against General Nguyễn Khánh on 14 September 1964. He was a supporter of the Đại Việt Quốc Dân Đảng (DVQDD, Nationalist Party of Greater Vietnam), a Roman Catholic political movement.",
"title": "Dương Văn Đức"
},
{
"idx": 19,
"is_supporting": true,
"paragraph_text": "Nguyễn Quốc Huân (born October 2, 1981 in Hanoi) is a Vietnamese taekwondo practitioner, who competed in the men's flyweight category. He claimed a silver medal in the 58-kg division at the 2005 Southeast Asian Games in Manila, Philippines, and finished fifth at the 2004 Summer Olympics, representing his nation Vietnam. Nguyen is also the elder brother and a personal coach of Nguyen Quoc Cuong, who claimed the bronze medal in the boys' 55 kg category at the inaugural Youth Olympic Games in Singapore in 2010.",
"title": "Nguyễn Quốc Huân"
}
],
"question": "What river flows through the city where Nguyễn Quốc Huân was born?",
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"answer": "Hanoi",
"id": 296383,
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"question": "Nguyễn Quốc Huân >> place of birth"
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"answer": "Red River",
"id": 421384,
"paragraph_support_idx": 17,
"question": "#1 >> located in or next to body of water"
}
]
} |
3hop1__157534_275705_72517 | What was the poverty line in 2016 in the country where the team that uses 25 North Colonnade is located? | income below 60 percent of median income | [
"income below 60 percent of median income"
] | {
"answer": "income below 60 percent of median income",
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"paragraph_text": "Despite having a growing middle class numbering over 70 million, a large portion of the country's population remains poor. Poverty, unemployment and a population boom contribute to Pakistan's current social problems. As of 2008, over 17% of the total population was found abjectly living below the poverty line while the unemployment rate, as of 2010, lumbered up to an unprecedented 15%. Poor governance and political insecurity have further added to the issues faced by the average",
"title": "Standard of living in Pakistan"
},
{
"idx": 1,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Poverty is a significant issue in India, despite being one of the fastest - growing economies in the world, clocked at a growth rate of 7.11% in 2015, and a sizable consumer economy. The World Bank reviewed and proposed revisions on May 2014, to its poverty calculation methodology and purchasing power parity basis for measuring poverty worldwide. According to this revised methodology, the world had 872.3 million people below the new poverty line, of which 179.6 million people lived in India. In other words, India with 17.5% of total world's population, had 20.6% share of world's poorest in 2011. As of 2014, 58% of the total population were living on less than $3.10 per day. According to the Modified Mixed Reference Period (MMRP) concept proposed by World Bank in 2015, India's poverty rate for period 2011 - 12 stood at 12.4% of the total population, or about 172 million people; taking the revised poverty line as $1.90.",
"title": "Poverty in India"
},
{
"idx": 2,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Succeeding the EOS 5D Mark III, it was announced on 25 August 2016. The Mark IV went on sale in September 2016 with a retail price of $3,499 in the US, £3,599 in the UK, and €4,129 in the Eurozone.",
"title": "Canon EOS 5D Mark IV"
},
{
"idx": 3,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Season Episodes Originally aired First aired Last aired 13 January 25, 2016 (2016 - 01 - 25) April 25, 2016 (2016 - 04 - 25) 18 September 19, 2016 (2016 - 09 - 19) May 29, 2017 (2017 - 05 - 29) 26 October 2, 2017 (2017 - 10 - 02) TBA",
"title": "List of Lucifer episodes"
},
{
"idx": 4,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "The median income for a household in the county was $24,729, and the median income for a family was $29,722. Males had a median income of $24,861 versus $17,433 for females. The per capita income for the county was $12,440. 22.60% of the population and 18.40% of families were below the poverty line. Out of the total population, 32.00% of those under the age of 18 and 16.70% of those 65 and older were living below the poverty line.",
"title": "Barbour County, West Virginia"
},
{
"idx": 5,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "The medication was not readily available globally as of 2015. It was believed that pricing will be similar to bedaquiline, which for six months is approximately US$900 in low income countries, US$3,000 in middle income countries, and US$30,000 in high income countries. As of 2016 the Stop TB Partnership had an agreement to get the medication for US$1,700 per six month.",
"title": "Delamanid"
},
{
"idx": 6,
"is_supporting": true,
"paragraph_text": "25 North Colonnade is a commercial building in Canary Wharf, London formerly occupied by the Financial Conduct Authority, after having been solely occupied by its predecessor, the Financial Services Authority (FSA) until early 2013. It is tall, with 15 floors. Built in 1991, its developer was the Canary Wharf Group, and its architect was Troughton McAslan.",
"title": "25 North Colonnade"
},
{
"idx": 7,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "The 3 to 10 ton was a sailing event on the Sailing at the 1900 Summer Olympics program in Meulan. Eleven boats started during the two races in the 3 to 10 ton. Twenty sailors are documented, besides the France and Great Britain participants there was a Mixed country team from the US and Great Britain. The races were held on 24 and 25 May 1900 on the river Seine.",
"title": "Sailing at the 1900 Summer Olympics – 3 to 10 ton"
},
{
"idx": 8,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "The Iditarod Trail Sled Dog Race is an annual long - distance sled dog race run in early March from Anchorage to Nome, entirely within the US state of Alaska. Mushers and a team of 16 dogs, of which at least 5 must be on the towline at the finish line, cover the distance in 8 -- 15 days or more. The Iditarod began in 1973 as an event to test the best sled dog mushers and teams but evolved into today's highly competitive race. Then a record, the second fastest winning time was recorded in 2016 by Dallas Seavey with a time of 8 days, 11 hours, 20 minutes, and 16 seconds. As of 2012, Dallas Seavey was also the youngest musher to win the race at the age of 25. In 2017, at the age of 57, Dallas's father, Mitch Seavey, is the oldest and fastest person ever to win the race, crossing the line in Nome in 8 days, 3 hours, 40 minutes and 13 seconds. Dallas finished second, two hours and 44 minutes behind.",
"title": "Iditarod Trail Sled Dog Race"
},
{
"idx": 9,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "The Toronto Argonauts (officially the Toronto Argonaut Football Club, commonly referred to as the Argos) are a professional Canadian football team competing in the East Division of the Canadian Football League (CFL). Based in Toronto, Ontario, the team was founded in 1873, and is the oldest existing professional sports team in North America still using its original name, and they are the oldest-surviving team in both the modern-day CFL and East Division. The team's origins date back to a modified version of rugby football that emerged in North America in the latter half of the nineteenth century. The Argonauts played their home games at Rogers Centre from 1989 until 2016 when the team moved to BMO Field, the fifth stadium site to host the team.",
"title": "Toronto Argonauts"
},
{
"idx": 10,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "1,500 V DC is used in the Netherlands, Japan, Republic Of Indonesia, Hong Kong (parts), Republic of Ireland, Australia (parts), India (around the Mumbai area alone, has been converted to 25 kV AC like the rest of India), France (also using 25 kV 50 Hz AC), New Zealand (Wellington) and the United States (Chicago area on the Metra Electric district and the South Shore Line interurban line). In Slovakia, there are two narrow-gauge lines in the High Tatras (one a cog railway). In Portugal, it is used in the Cascais Line and in Denmark on the suburban S-train system.",
"title": "Railway electrification system"
},
{
"idx": 11,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "The median income for a household in the city was $31,406, and the median income for a family was $40,250. Males had a median income of $27,614 versus $20,536 for females. The per capita income for the city was $15,554. 8.8% of the population and 3.5% of families were below the poverty line. Out of the total population, 10.1% of those under the age of 18 and 11.0% of those 65 and older were living below the poverty line.",
"title": "Birmingham, Iowa"
},
{
"idx": 12,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Below Poverty Line is an economic benchmark used by the government of India to indicate economic disadvantage and to identify individuals and households in need of government assistance and aid. It is determined using various parameters which vary from state to state and within states. The present criteria are based on a survey conducted in 2002. Going into a survey due for a decade, India's central government is undecided on criteria to identify families below poverty line.",
"title": "Below Poverty Line"
},
{
"idx": 13,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "The Dust Bowl forced tens of thousands of poverty - stricken families to abandon their farms, unable to pay mortgages or grow crops, and losses reached US $25 million per day by 1936 (equivalent to US $440,000,000 in 2017). Many of these families, who were often known as ``Okies ''because so many of them came from Oklahoma, migrated to California and other states to find that the Great Depression had rendered economic conditions there little better than those they had left.",
"title": "Dust Bowl"
},
{
"idx": 14,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "The median income for a household in the county was $27,066, and the median income for a family was $32,431. Males had a median income of $27,906 versus $18,733 for females. The per capita income for the county was $13,933. 19.90% of the population and 16.30% of families were below the poverty line. 27.00% of those under the age of 18 and 11.20% of those 65 and older were living below the poverty line.",
"title": "Lewis County, West Virginia"
},
{
"idx": 15,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "3 kV DC is used in Belgium, Italy, Spain, Poland, the northern Czech Republic, Slovakia, Slovenia, South Africa, Chile, and former Soviet Union countries (also using 25 kV 50 Hz AC). It was formerly used by the Milwaukee Road from Harlowton, Montana to Seattle-Tacoma, across the Continental Divide and including extensive branch and loop lines in Montana, and by the Delaware, Lackawanna & Western Railroad (now New Jersey Transit, converted to 25 kV AC) in the United States, and the Kolkata suburban railway (Bardhaman Main Line) in India, before it was converted to 25 kV 50 Hz AC.",
"title": "Railway electrification system"
},
{
"idx": 16,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Ringwood North is a suburb of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia, 25 km north-east of Melbourne's Central Business District. Its local government area is the City of Maroondah. At the 2016 Census, Ringwood North had a population of 9,832.",
"title": "Ringwood North, Victoria"
},
{
"idx": 17,
"is_supporting": true,
"paragraph_text": "The most common measure for poverty, as used in the Child Poverty Act 2010, is' household income below 60 percent of median income '. The median is such an income that exactly a half of households earn more than that and the other half earns less.",
"title": "Poverty in the United Kingdom"
},
{
"idx": 18,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "The median income for a household in the county was $36,378. Males had a median income of $36,420 versus $32,327 for females. The per capita income for the county was $16,938. About 21.1% of the population were below the poverty line.",
"title": "Buckingham County, Virginia"
},
{
"idx": 19,
"is_supporting": true,
"paragraph_text": "Martin Wheatley is a British financier, formerly managing director of the Consumer and Markets Business Unit of the Financial Services Authority in the UK, and is the former CEO of the Financial Conduct Authority.",
"title": "Martin Wheatley"
}
],
"question": "What was the poverty line in 2016 in the country where the team that uses 25 North Colonnade is located?",
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"answer": "UK",
"id": 275705,
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"question": "#1 >> country"
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"answer": "income below 60 percent of median income",
"id": 72517,
"paragraph_support_idx": 17,
"question": "what is the poverty line in the #2 2016"
}
]
} |
2hop__81363_83216 | When did the highest paid athlete in North America join the Cleveland Cavaliers? | 2003 | [
"2003"
] | {
"answer": "2003",
"answer_aliases": [],
"answerable": true,
"id": "2hop__81363_83216",
"paragraphs": [
{
"idx": 0,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Cleveland Cavaliers 2018 -- 19 Cleveland Cavaliers season Conference Eastern Division Central Founded 1970 History Cleveland Cavaliers 1970 -- present Arena Quicken Loans Arena Location Cleveland, Ohio Team colors Wine, gold, navy blue, black Main sponsor Goodyear Tire and Rubber Company General manager Koby Altman Head coach Tyronn Lue Ownership Dan Gilbert (majority) Gordon Gund, Usher Raymond (minority) Affiliation (s) Canton Charge Championships 1 (2016) Conference titles 5 (2007, 2015, 2016, 2017, 2018) Division titles 7 (1976, 2009, 2010, 2015, 2016, 2017, 2018) Retired numbers 8 (7, 11, 22, 25, 34, 42, 43, MIC) Website www.nba.com/cavaliers Uniforms Home Away",
"title": "Cleveland Cavaliers"
},
{
"idx": 1,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Roy Hinson (born May 2, 1961) is a retired American professional basketball player who was selected by the Cleveland Cavaliers in the first round (20th pick overall) of the 1983 NBA draft. Hinson attended Franklin High School in Franklin Township, New Jersey. He then played his college career at Rutgers University in nearby New Brunswick. A 6'9\" forward–center, Hinson played in eight NBA seasons from 1983 to 1991, for the Cavaliers, Philadelphia 76ers and New Jersey Nets.",
"title": "Roy Hinson"
},
{
"idx": 2,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "In 2014, James returned to the Cavaliers after four seasons in Miami. While the Heat had a 224 -- 88 record during James' four - year tenure and won NBA titles in 2012 and 2013, the Cavaliers went 97 -- 215 and missed the playoffs each season. The Cavaliers made several moves to build a championship - contender around James, most notably acquiring power forward Kevin Love from the Minnesota Timberwolves, which created what many fans and media referred to a ``Big Three ''with James, Love, and Irving. The Lebron - led Cavaliers made four consecutive finals appearances in from 2015 to 2018, all against the Golden State Warriors, winning in 2016. The 2016 NBA Championship marked the Cavaliers' first title in franchise history, as they became the first team to come back from a 3 -- 1 deficit to win the Finals. It was also Cleveland's first championship in major professional sports since the 1964 Browns, signaling the end of the so - called Cleveland sports curse.",
"title": "Cleveland Cavaliers"
},
{
"idx": 3,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Fern Hobbs (May 8, 1883 – April 10, 1964) was an American attorney in the U.S. state of Oregon, and Private Secretary to Oregon Governor Oswald West. She was noted for her ambition and several accomplishments as a young woman, and became the highest-paid woman in public service in America in her mid-twenties.",
"title": "Fern Hobbs"
},
{
"idx": 4,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Alsen is a city in Cavalier County, North Dakota, United States. The population was 35 at the 2010 census. Alsen was founded in 1905.",
"title": "Alsen, North Dakota"
},
{
"idx": 5,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "On August 22, 2017, Thomas was traded, along with Jae Crowder, Ante Žižić, and the Brooklyn Nets' unprotected 2018 first - round draft pick, to the Cleveland Cavaliers in exchange for Kyrie Irving. However, during the post-trade physical examination by Cleveland staff, concerns were raised about the health of Thomas' previously injured hip. As a result, eight days after the deal was announced, the Celtics agreed to send the Cavaliers a 2020 second - round draft pick via the Miami Heat to complete the trade. It was later reported that Thomas had been playing with a number of secondary issues in his hip, such as a loss of cartilage and some arthritis, for a number of seasons. On September 25, 2017, the Cavaliers deemed him a possibility of playing by the end of the year. On December 21, 2017, Thomas scrimmaged with the Canton Charge of the NBA G League and dressed for the first time since joining the Cavaliers, suiting up but not playing against the Chicago Bulls. On January 2, 2018, Thomas made his long - awaited debut for the Cavaliers, scoring 17 points in 19 minutes off the bench in a 127 -- 110 win over the Portland Trail Blazers. A day later, Thomas returned to TD Garden. Although he did not play in the Cavaliers' 102 -- 88 loss to the Celtics, Thomas received a standing ovation from the Celtics' fans. On January 6, he had 19 points and four assists in his second appearance and first start of the season in a 131 -- 127 win over the Orlando Magic. On January 20, he scored a season - high 24 points in a 148 -- 124 loss to the Oklahoma City Thunder.",
"title": "Isaiah Thomas (basketball)"
},
{
"idx": 6,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Tyronn Jamar Lue (/ təˈrɒn ˌluː /, born May 3, 1977) is an American former professional basketball player who is currently the head coach of the Cleveland Cavaliers of the National Basketball Association (NBA).",
"title": "Tyronn Lue"
},
{
"idx": 7,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "SportsCentury is an ESPN biography program that reviews the people and athletic events that defined sports in North America throughout the 20th and 21st centuries. Using stock footage, on-camera interviews, and photographs of their athletic lives, who grew up.",
"title": "SportsCentury"
},
{
"idx": 8,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Don Delaney (January 3, 1936 – February 16, 2011) was an American professional basketball coach, who served as head coach of the Cleveland Cavaliers in the early 1980s. Delaney also served as the team's general manager.",
"title": "Don Delaney"
},
{
"idx": 9,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "James played high school basketball at St. Vincent -- St. Mary High School in his hometown of Akron, Ohio, where he was highly promoted in the national media as a future NBA superstar. After graduating, he was selected by his home team, the Cleveland Cavaliers, as the first overall pick of the 2003 NBA draft. James led Cleveland to the franchise's first Finals appearance in 2007, ultimately losing to the San Antonio Spurs. In 2010, he left the Cavaliers for the Miami Heat in a highly publicized ESPN special titled The Decision. James spent four seasons with the Heat, reaching the Finals all four years and winning back - to - back championships in 2012 and 2013. In 2013, he led Miami on a 27 - game winning streak, the third longest in league history. Following his final season with the Heat in 2014, James opted out of his contract and returned to the Cavaliers. From 2015 to 2017, he led the Cavaliers to three consecutive Finals, winning his third championship in 2016 to end Cleveland's 52 - year professional sports title drought.",
"title": "LeBron James"
},
{
"idx": 10,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "On July 4, 2016, Durant announced his intentions to sign with the Golden State Warriors in a Players' Tribune piece titled ``My Next Chapter. ''The move was received negatively by the public and NBA analysts, with many comparing the move to LeBron James's 2010 off - season departure from the Cleveland Cavaliers to join the Miami Heat. On July 7, he officially signed with the Warriors on a two - year, $54.3 million contract with a player option after the first year.",
"title": "Kevin Durant"
},
{
"idx": 11,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "NBA 2K18 is a basketball simulation video game developed by Visual Concepts and published by 2K Sports. It is the 19th installment in the NBA 2K franchise and the successor to NBA 2K17. It was released in September 2017 for Microsoft Windows, Nintendo Switch, PlayStation 4, PlayStation 3, Xbox One, and Xbox 360. Kyrie Irving serves as cover athlete for the regular edition of the game, Shaquille O'Neal is the cover athlete for the special editions, and DeMar DeRozan of the Toronto Raptors is the cover athlete for the game in Canada. While a member of the Cleveland Cavaliers when selected for the cover, Irving was traded to the Boston Celtics prior to the game's release. As a result, a new cover depicting Irving in a Celtics uniform was revealed alongside the original cover.",
"title": "NBA 2K18"
},
{
"idx": 12,
"is_supporting": true,
"paragraph_text": "Rank Name Sport Nation Total Salary / Winnings Endorsements Cristiano Ronaldo Football Portugal $93 million $58 million $35 million LeBron James Basketball United States $86.2 million $31.2 million $55 million Lionel Messi Football Argentina $80 million $53 million $27 million Roger Federer Tennis Switzerland $64 million $6 million $58 million 5 Kevin Durant Basketball United States $60.6 million $26.6 million $34 million 6 Andrew Luck American football United States $50 million $47 million $3 million 6 Rory McIlroy Golf Northern Ireland $50 million $16 million $34 million 8 Stephen Curry Basketball United States $47.3 million $12.3 million $35 million 9 James Harden Basketball United States $46.6 million $26.6 million $20 million 10 Lewis Hamilton Auto racing England $46 million $38 million $8 million",
"title": "Forbes' list of the world's highest-paid athletes"
},
{
"idx": 13,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Brevin Adon Knight (born November 8, 1975) is an American retired professional basketball point guard who played with nine teams in the NBA from 1997 to 2009. Knight played college basketball at Stanford University and was drafted by the Cleveland Cavaliers in 1997. He is the brother of Brandin Knight.",
"title": "Brevin Knight"
},
{
"idx": 14,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "The Cleveland Metroparks Zoo is a zoo in Cleveland, Ohio. The Zoo is divided into several areas: Australian Adventure; African Savanna; Northern Wilderness Trek, The Primate, Cat & Aquatics Building, Waterfowl Lake, The RainForest, and the newly added Asian Highlands. Cleveland Metroparks Zoo has one of the largest collections of primates in North America, The Zoo is a part of the Cleveland Metroparks system.",
"title": "Cleveland Metroparks Zoo"
},
{
"idx": 15,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "The Cavaliers -- Warriors rivalry is a National Basketball Association (NBA) rivalry between the Cleveland Cavaliers and the Golden State Warriors. While the two teams have played each other since the Cavaliers joined the league in 1970, their rivalry began to develop in the 2014 -- 15 season, when they met in the first of four consecutive NBA Finals series. Prior to the streak beginning, no pair of teams had faced each other in more than two consecutive Finals. Of these four series, the Warriors have won three championships (2015, 2017, and 2018), and the Cavaliers won in 2016.",
"title": "Cavaliers–Warriors rivalry"
},
{
"idx": 16,
"is_supporting": true,
"paragraph_text": "LeBron James James with the Cavaliers in 2017 No. 23 -- Cleveland Cavaliers Position Small forward League NBA (1984 - 12 - 30) December 30, 1984 (age 33) Akron, Ohio Nationality American Listed height 6 ft 8 in (2.03 m) Listed weight 250 lb (113 kg) Career information High school St. Vincent -- St. Mary (Akron, Ohio) NBA draft 2003 / Round: 1 / Pick: 1st overall Selected by the Cleveland Cavaliers Playing career 2003 -- present Career history 2003 -- 2010 Cleveland Cavaliers 2010 -- 2014 Miami Heat 2014 -- present Cleveland Cavaliers Career highlights and awards 3 × NBA champion (2012, 2013, 2016) 3 × NBA Finals MVP (2012, 2013, 2016) 4 × NBA Most Valuable Player (2009, 2010, 2012, 2013) 14 × NBA All - Star (2005 -- 2018) 3 × NBA All - Star Game MVP (2006, 2008, 2018) 11 × All - NBA First Team (2006, 2008 -- 2017) 2 × All - NBA Second Team (2005, 2007) 5 × NBA All - Defensive First Team (2009 -- 2013) NBA All - Defensive Second Team (2014) NBA Rookie of the Year (2004) NBA All - Rookie First Team (2004) NBA scoring champion (2008) J. Walter Kennedy Citizenship Award (2017) 2 × AP Athlete of the Year (2013, 2016) 2 × Sports Illustrated Sportsperson of the Year (2012, 2016) USA Basketball Male Athlete of the Year (2012) 2 × Mr. Basketball USA (2002, 2003) Naismith Prep Player of the Year (2003) McDonald's All - American Game MVP (2003) 3 × Ohio Mr. Basketball (2001 -- 2003) Stats at NBA.com Stats at Basketball-Reference.com Medals (hide) Men's basketball Representing the United States Olympic Games 2008 Beijing Team 2012 London Team 2004 Athens Team FIBA World Championship 2006 Japan FIBA Americas Championship 2007 Las Vegas",
"title": "LeBron James"
},
{
"idx": 17,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Christian Eyenga Moenge (born June 22, 1989) is a Congolese professional basketball player for Montakit Fuenlabrada of the Liga ACB. In June 2009, Eyenga was drafted by the Cleveland Cavaliers with the 30th pick in that year's NBA Draft. When drafted, he played for the Spanish Third Division club Prat, an affiliate of the ACB club DKV Joventut.",
"title": "Christian Eyenga"
},
{
"idx": 18,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "James, LeBron LeBron James ^ SF Cleveland Cavaliers (2006 -- 2010, 2015 -- 2017) Miami Heat (2011 -- 2014) 6,163 217 28.4 2,182 331 1,468",
"title": "List of National Basketball Association career playoff scoring leaders"
},
{
"idx": 19,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Rick Roberson (born July 7, 1947) is a retired professional basketball player who played in the NBA for the Los Angeles Lakers (1969–71), Cleveland Cavaliers (1971–73), Portland Trail Blazers (1973–74), New Orleans Jazz (1974–75) and Kansas City Kings (1975–76).",
"title": "Rick Roberson"
}
],
"question": "When did the highest paid athlete in North America join the Cleveland Cavaliers?",
"question_decomposition": [
{
"answer": "LeBron James",
"id": 81363,
"paragraph_support_idx": 12,
"question": "who is the highest paid athlete in north america"
},
{
"answer": "2003",
"id": 83216,
"paragraph_support_idx": 16,
"question": "when did #1 join the cleveland cavaliers"
}
]
} |
2hop__36651_18657 | When was Greece accepted into the organization that is seen as a great power in addition to member counties? | 19 June 2000 | [
"19 June 2000"
] | {
"answer": "19 June 2000",
"answer_aliases": [],
"answerable": true,
"id": "2hop__36651_18657",
"paragraphs": [
{
"idx": 0,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "The Catholic Church prevailed across Europe at this time, influencing not only faith but also wealth and power. Bishops were appointed by the feudal lords (kings, dukes and other landowners) and they often ruled as virtual princes over large estates. The early Medieval periods had seen a rapid growth in monasticism, with several different orders being prevalent and spreading their influence widely. Foremost were the Benedictines whose great abbey churches vastly outnumbered any others in France and England. A part of their influence was that towns developed around them and they became centers of culture, learning and commerce. The Cluniac and Cistercian Orders were prevalent in France, the great monastery at Cluny having established a formula for a well planned monastic site which was then to influence all subsequent monastic building for many centuries.",
"title": "Gothic architecture"
},
{
"idx": 1,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "In the 1980s, parents of mixed-race children began to organize and lobby for the addition of a more inclusive term of racial designation that would reflect the heritage of their children. When the U.S. government proposed the addition of the category of \"bi-racial\" or \"multiracial\" in 1988, the response from the public was mostly negative. Some African-American organizations, and African-American political leaders, such as Congresswoman Diane Watson and Congressman Augustus Hawkins, were particularly vocal in their rejection of the category, as they feared the loss of political and economic power if African Americans reduced their numbers by self-identification.",
"title": "Multiracial Americans"
},
{
"idx": 2,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "After very long negotiations, the constitution was reluctantly accepted by King Louis XVI in September 1791. Redefining the organization of the French government, citizenship and the limits to the powers of government, the National Assembly set out to represent the interests of the general will. It abolished many ``institutions which were injurious to liberty and equality of rights ''. The National Assembly asserted its legal presence in French government by establishing its permanence in the Constitution and forming a system for recurring elections. The Assembly's belief in a sovereign nation and in equal representation can be seen in the constitutional separation of powers. The National Assembly was the legislative body, the king and royal ministers made up the executive branch and the judiciary was independent of the other two branches. On a local level, the previous feudal geographic divisions were formally abolished, and the territory of the French state was divided into several administrative units, Departments (Départements), but with the principle of centralism.",
"title": "French Constitution of 1791"
},
{
"idx": 3,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "AmeriCorps is a civil society program supported by the U.S. federal government, foundations, corporations, and other donors engaging adults in public service work with a goal of ``helping others and meeting critical needs in the community. ''Members commit to full - time or part - time positions offered by a network of nonprofit community organizations and public agencies, to fulfill assignments in the fields of education, public safety, health care, and environmental protection. The program is often seen as a domestic Peace Corps. It employs more than 75,000 Americans in intensive service each year.",
"title": "AmeriCorps"
},
{
"idx": 4,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Greece's foreign policy is conducted through the Ministry for Foreign Affairs and its head, the Minister for Foreign Affairs. The current minister is Nikos Kotzias. According to the official website, the main aims of the Ministry for Foreign Affairs are to represent Greece before other states and international organizations; safeguarding the interests of the Greek state and of its citizens abroad; the promotion of Greek culture; the fostering of closer relations with the Greek diaspora; and the promotion of international cooperation. Additionally, due to its political and geographical proximity to Europe, Asia, the Middle East and Africa, Greece is a country of significant geostrategic importance and is considered to be a middle power and has developed a regional policy to help promote peace and stability in the Balkans, the Mediterranean, and the Middle East.",
"title": "Greece"
},
{
"idx": 5,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Japan is a member of the ASEAN Plus mechanism, UN, the OECD, the G7, the G8, and the G20, and is considered a great power. Its economy is the world's third-largest by nominal GDP and the fourth-largest by purchasing power parity. It is also the world's fourth-largest exporter and fourth-largest importer.",
"title": "Japan"
},
{
"idx": 6,
"is_supporting": true,
"paragraph_text": "With continuing European integration, the European Union is increasingly being seen as a great power in its own right, with representation at the WTO and at G8 and G-20 summits. This is most notable in areas where the European Union has exclusive competence (i.e. economic affairs). It also reflects a non-traditional conception of Europe's world role as a global \"civilian power\", exercising collective influence in the functional spheres of trade and diplomacy, as an alternative to military dominance. The European Union is a supranational union and not a sovereign state, and has limited scope in the areas of foreign affairs and defence policy. These remain largely with the member states of the European Union, which include the three great powers of France, Germany and the United Kingdom (referred to as the \"EU three\").",
"title": "Great power"
},
{
"idx": 7,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Classical Greece was a period of around 200 years (5th and 4th centuries BC) in Greek culture. This Classical period saw the annexation of much of modern - day Greece by the Persian Empire and its subsequent independence. Classical Greece had a powerful influence on the Roman Empire and on the foundations of western civilization. Much of modern Western politics, artistic thought (architecture, sculpture), scientific thought, theatre, literature, and philosophy derives from this period of Greek history. In the context of the art, architecture, and culture of Ancient Greece, the Classical period corresponds to most of the 5th and 4th centuries BC (the most common dates being the fall of the last Athenian tyrant in 510 BC and the death of Alexander the Great in 323 BC). The Classical period in this sense follows the Archaic period and is in turn succeeded by the Hellenistic period.",
"title": "Classical Greece"
},
{
"idx": 8,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Princess Margarita of Greece and Denmark (; 18 April 1905 – 24 April 1981) was the eldest child and daughter of Prince Andrew of Greece and Denmark and Princess Alice of Battenberg. She was the first great-great-grandchild of Queen Victoria, and the eldest sister of Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh.",
"title": "Princess Margarita of Greece and Denmark"
},
{
"idx": 9,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Based on a mark in an interior chamber naming the work gang and a reference to the fourth dynasty Egyptian Pharaoh Khufu, Egyptologists believe that the pyramid was built as a tomb over a 10 - to 20 - year period concluding around 2560 BC. Initially at 146.5 metres (481 feet), the Great Pyramid was the tallest man - made structure in the world for more than 3,800 years. Originally, the Great Pyramid was covered by limestone casing stones that formed a smooth outer surface; what is seen today is the underlying core structure. Some of the casing stones that once covered the structure can still be seen around the base. There have been varying scientific and alternative theories about the Great Pyramid's construction techniques. Most accepted construction hypotheses are based on the idea that it was built by moving huge stones from a quarry and dragging and lifting them into place.",
"title": "Great Pyramid of Giza"
},
{
"idx": 10,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "The Congress of Berlin (13 June – 13 July 1878) was a meeting of the representatives of six great powers of the time (Russia, Great Britain, France, Austria-Hungary, Italy and Germany), the Ottoman Empire and four Balkan states (Greece, Serbia, Romania and Montenegro). It aimed at determining the territories of the states in the Balkan peninsula following the Russo-Turkish War of 1877–78 and came to an end with the signing of the Treaty of Berlin, which replaced the preliminary Treaty of San Stefano, signed three months earlier between Russia and the Ottoman Empire.",
"title": "Congress of Berlin"
},
{
"idx": 11,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Greece is a democratic and developed country with an advanced high-income economy, a high quality of life and a very high standard of living. A founding member of the United Nations, Greece was the tenth member to join the European Communities (precursor to the European Union) and has been part of the Eurozone since 2001. It is also a member of numerous other international institutions, including the Council of Europe, NATO,[a] OECD, OIF, OSCE and the WTO. Greece, which is one of the world's largest shipping powers, middle powers and top tourist destinations, has the largest economy in the Balkans, where it is an important regional investor.",
"title": "Greece"
},
{
"idx": 12,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Japan and Germany are great powers too, though due to their large advanced economies (having the third and fourth largest economies respectively) rather than their strategic and hard power capabilities (i.e., the lack of permanent seats and veto power on the UN Security Council or strategic military reach). Germany has been a member together with the five permanent Security Council members in the P5+1 grouping of world powers. Like China, France, Russia and the United Kingdom; Germany and Japan have also been referred to as middle powers.",
"title": "Great power"
},
{
"idx": 13,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "The executive power in the federal government is vested in the President of the United States, although power is often delegated to the Cabinet members and other officials. The president and vice president are elected as running mates by the Electoral College, for which each state, as well as the District of Columbia, is allocated a number of seats based on its representation (or ostensible representation, in the case of D.C.) in both houses of Congress. The president is limited to a maximum of two four - year terms. If the president has already served two years or more of a term to which some other person was elected, he or she may only serve one more additional four - year term.",
"title": "Federal government of the United States"
},
{
"idx": 14,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "The Ellinoglosso Xenodocheio (, \"Hellenophone Hotel\", meaning \"Greek-speaking Hotel\"), was a secret organization established in Paris in 1814, whose purpose was to educate the Greeks and prepare the struggle against Ottoman rule over Greece. Two of its founders were the Macedonian Grigorios Zalykis and the Epirote Athanasios Tsakalov. The organization was a precursor of another organization, Filiki Eteria, of which Athanasios Tsakalov was a founding member and which succeeded in mobilizing Greeks against the Ottoman Empire culminating in the Greek War of Independence.",
"title": "Ellinoglosso Xenodocheio"
},
{
"idx": 15,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Greece is classified as an advanced, high-income economy, and was a founding member of the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) and of the Organization of the Black Sea Economic Cooperation (BSEC). The country joined what is now the European Union in 1981. In 2001 Greece adopted the euro as its currency, replacing the Greek drachma at an exchange rate of 340.75 drachmae per euro. Greece is a member of the International Monetary Fund and of the World Trade Organization, and ranked 34th on Ernst & Young's Globalization Index 2011.",
"title": "Economy of Greece"
},
{
"idx": 16,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Though Jehovah's Witnesses do not accept blood transfusions of whole blood, they may accept some blood plasma fractions at their own discretion. The Watch Tower Society provides pre-formatted durable power of attorney documents prohibiting major blood components, in which members can specify which allowable fractions and treatments they will personally accept. Jehovah's Witnesses have established Hospital Liaison Committees as a cooperative arrangement between individual Jehovah's Witnesses and medical professionals and hospitals.",
"title": "Jehovah's Witnesses"
},
{
"idx": 17,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Often termed a \"missionary statesman,\" Brown traveled throughout the world—most notably in China and other Asian countries. During the time Brown surveyed China, he wrote a seventeen-volume diary of what he'd seen and discovered. Over time, Brown communicated with Roman Catholic, Jewish, and Greek Orthodox leaders, in addition to such influential Protestant clergymen as Henry Sloane Coffin, Nathan Söderblom, and John R. Mott. Brown himself received letters from five American Presidents and various other government officials. Booker T. Washington, John D. Rockefeller, Jr. (1839–1937), and John Wanamaker were among his famous American correspondents. In addition, members of European and Asian royalty, including Chinese general and emperor, Yuan Shih-kai, were in communication with Brown.",
"title": "Arthur Judson Brown"
},
{
"idx": 18,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Based on a mark in an interior chamber naming the work gang and a reference to fourth dynasty Egyptian Pharaoh Khufu, Egyptologists believe that the pyramid was built as a tomb over a 10 to 20 - year period concluding around 2560 BC. Initially at 146.5 metres (481 feet), the Great Pyramid was the tallest man - made structure in the world for more than 3,800 years. Originally, the Great Pyramid was covered by casing stones that formed a smooth outer surface; what is seen today is the underlying core structure. Some of the casing stones that once covered the structure can still be seen around the base. There have been varying scientific and alternative theories about the Great Pyramid's construction techniques. Most accepted construction hypotheses are based on the idea that it was built by moving huge stones from a quarry and dragging and lifting them into place.",
"title": "Great Pyramid of Giza"
},
{
"idx": 19,
"is_supporting": true,
"paragraph_text": "The Greek economy is classified as advanced and high-income. Greece was a founding member of the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) and the Organization of the Black Sea Economic Cooperation (BSEC). In 1979 the accession of the country in the European Communities and the single market was signed, and the process was completed in 1982. Greece was accepted into the Economic and Monetary Union of the European Union on 19 June 2000, and in January 2001 adopted the Euro as its currency, replacing the Greek drachma at an exchange rate of 340.75 drachma to the Euro. Greece is also a member of the International Monetary Fund and the World Trade Organization, and is ranked 24th on the KOF Globalization Index for 2013.",
"title": "Greece"
}
],
"question": "When was Greece accepted into the organization that is seen as a great power in addition to member counties?",
"question_decomposition": [
{
"answer": "European Union",
"id": 36651,
"paragraph_support_idx": 6,
"question": "What organization is often seen as a great power in addition to member counties?"
},
{
"answer": "19 June 2000",
"id": 18657,
"paragraph_support_idx": 19,
"question": "When was Greece accepted into #1 ?"
}
]
} |
2hop__716686_89594 | Where did maize cultivation begin in the region where Anglo-America is located? | southern Mexico | [
"southern Mexico",
"MEX",
"Mexico"
] | {
"answer": "southern Mexico",
"answer_aliases": [
"MEX",
"Mexico"
],
"answerable": true,
"id": "2hop__716686_89594",
"paragraphs": [
{
"idx": 0,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Saffron (pronounced / ˈsæfrən / or / ˈsæfrɒn /) is a spice derived from the flower of Crocus sativus, commonly known as the ``saffron crocus ''. The vivid crimson stigmas and styles, called threads, are collected and dried to be used mainly as a seasoning and colouring agent in food. Saffron, long among the world's most costly spices by weight, was probably first cultivated in or near Greece. C. sativus is probably a form of C. cartwrightianus, that emerged by human cultivators selectively breeding plants for unusually long stigmas in late Bronze Age Crete. It slowly propagated throughout much of Eurasia and was later brought to parts of North Africa, North America, and Oceania.",
"title": "Saffron"
},
{
"idx": 1,
"is_supporting": true,
"paragraph_text": "Anglo-America (also referred to as Anglo-Saxon America) most often designates to a region in the Americas in which English is a main language and British culture and the British Empire have had significant historical, ethnic, linguistic and cultural impact. Anglo-America is distinct from Latin America, a region of the Americas where Romance languages (Spanish, Portuguese and French) are prevalent.",
"title": "Anglo-America"
},
{
"idx": 2,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "An influential 2002 study by Matsuoka et al. has demonstrated that, rather than the multiple independent domestications model, all maize arose from a single domestication in southern Mexico about 9,000 years ago. The study also demonstrated that the oldest surviving maize types are those of the Mexican highlands. Later, maize spread from this region over the Americas along two major paths. This is consistent with a model based on the archaeological record suggesting that maize diversified in the highlands of Mexico before spreading to the lowlands.",
"title": "Maize"
},
{
"idx": 3,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "The use of ground corn (maize) in cooking originated with Native Americans, who first cultivated the crop. Cherokee, Chickasaw, Choctaw, Creek, and Seminole cooking introduced one of its main staples into Southern cuisine: corn, either ground into meal or limed with an alkaline salt to make hominy, in a Native American technology known as nixtamalization. Cornbread was popular during the American Civil War because it was very cheap and could be made in many different sizes and forms. It could be fashioned into high - rising, fluffy loaves or simply fried for a quick meal.",
"title": "Hushpuppy"
},
{
"idx": 4,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Some of the greatest imports to Plymouth from the Americas and Europe during the latter half of the 19th century included maize, wheat, barley, sugar cane, guano, sodium nitrate and phosphate Aside from the dockyard in the town of Devonport, industries in Plymouth such as the gasworks, the railways and tramways and a number of small chemical works had begun to develop in the 19th century, continuing into the 20th century.",
"title": "Plymouth"
},
{
"idx": 5,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "The cultivation of the domesticated grape began 6,000–8,000 years ago in the Near East. Yeast, one of the earliest domesticated microorganisms, occurs naturally on the skins of grapes, leading to the innovation of alcoholic drinks such as wine. The earliest archeological evidence for a dominant position of wine-making in human culture dates from 8,000 years ago in Georgia. The oldest winery was found in Armenia, dating to around 4000 BC.[citation needed] By the 9th century AD the city of Shiraz was known to produce some of the finest wines in the Middle East. Thus it has been proposed that Syrah red wine is named after Shiraz, a city in Persia where the grape was used to make Shirazi wine.[citation needed] Ancient Egyptian hieroglyphics record the cultivation of purple grapes,[citation needed] and history attests to the ancient Greeks, Phoenicians, and Romans growing purple grapes for both eating and wine production[citation needed]. The growing of grapes would later spread to other regions in Europe, as well as North Africa, and eventually in North America.",
"title": "Grape"
},
{
"idx": 6,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "The First Anglo-Maratha War (1775–1782) was the first of three Anglo-Maratha wars fought between the British East India Company and Maratha Empire in India. The war began with the Treaty of Surat and ended with the Treaty of Salbai.",
"title": "First Anglo-Maratha War"
},
{
"idx": 7,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "The importance of infantry and light cavalry began to decline during the early Carolingian period, with a growing dominance of elite heavy cavalry. The use of militia-type levies of the free population declined over the Carolingian period. Although much of the Carolingian armies were mounted, a large proportion during the early period appear to have been mounted infantry, rather than true cavalry. One exception was Anglo-Saxon England, where the armies were still composed of regional levies, known as the fyrd, which were led by the local elites. In military technology, one of the main changes was the return of the crossbow, which had been known in Roman times and reappeared as a military weapon during the last part of the Early Middle Ages. Another change was the introduction of the stirrup, which increased the effectiveness of cavalry as shock troops. A technological advance that had implications beyond the military was the horseshoe, which allowed horses to be used in rocky terrain.",
"title": "Middle Ages"
},
{
"idx": 8,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "ATV: Quad Frenzy is a 2005 racing video game developed for the Nintendo DS by Skyworks Technologies and published by Majesco Entertainment. It was released for the Nintendo DS handheld games console on November 14, 2005 in North America, on June 16, 2006 in Europe and on October 25, 2007 in Australia. \"ATV: Quad Frenzy\" features five different game modes, which all center around ATV (all-terrain vehicle) racing which takes place in various environments. Reviews of the game were critical; the game garnered only a 35% aggregated score from Metacritic.",
"title": "ATV: Quad Frenzy"
},
{
"idx": 9,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Hydraotes Chaos is a broken-up region in the Oxia Palus quadrangle of Mars, located at 0.8° North and 35.4° West. It is 417.5 km across and was named after a classical albedo feature name. More information and more examples of chaos regions can be found at Martian chaos terrain. The area contains small conical edifices, called Hydraotes Colles, which were interpreted as the Martian equivalent of terrestrial cinder cones formed by volcanic activity.",
"title": "Hydraotes Chaos"
},
{
"idx": 10,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "The Royal Society Range () is a majestic mountain range in Victoria Land, Antarctica. With its summit at , the massive Mount Lister forms the highest point in this range. Mount Lister is located along the western shore of McMurdo Sound between the Koettlitz, Skelton and Ferrar glaciers. Other notable local terrain features include Allison Glacier, which descends from the west slopes of the Royal Society Range into Skelton Glacier.",
"title": "Royal Society Range"
},
{
"idx": 11,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Atlantis Chaos is a region of chaos terrain in the Phaethontis quadrangle of Mars. It is located around 34.7° south latitude, and 177.6° west longitude. It is encompassed by the Atlantis basin. The region is across, and was named after an albedo feature at 30° S, 173° W.",
"title": "Atlantis Chaos"
},
{
"idx": 12,
"is_supporting": true,
"paragraph_text": "Maize (/ meɪz / MAYZ; Zea mays subsp. mays, from Spanish: maíz after Taino: mahiz), also known as corn, is a cereal grain first domesticated by indigenous peoples in southern Mexico about 10,000 years ago. The leafy stalk of the plant produces pollen inflorescences and separate ovuliferous inflorescences called ears that yield kernels or seeds, which are fruits.",
"title": "Maize"
},
{
"idx": 13,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Over the course of thousands of years, American indigenous peoples domesticated, bred and cultivated a large array of plant species. These species now constitute 50–60% of all crops in cultivation worldwide. In certain cases, the indigenous peoples developed entirely new species and strains through artificial selection, as was the case in the domestication and breeding of maize from wild teosinte grasses in the valleys of southern Mexico. Numerous such agricultural products retain their native names in the English and Spanish lexicons.",
"title": "Indigenous peoples of the Americas"
},
{
"idx": 14,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Traditionally Wampanoag people have been semi-sedentary, with seasonal movements between fixed sites in present - day southern New England. The men often traveled far north and south along the Eastern seaboard for seasonal fishing expeditions, and sometimes stayed in those distant locations for weeks and months at a time. The women cultivated varieties of the ``three sisters ''(the intercropping of maize, climbing beans, and squash) as the staples of their diet, supplemented by fish and game caught by the men. Each community had authority over a well - defined territory from which the people derived their livelihood through a seasonal round of fishing, planting, harvesting, and hunting. Because southern New England was thickly populated by indigenous peoples, hunting grounds had strictly defined boundaries.",
"title": "Wampanoag"
},
{
"idx": 15,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "KavalaKuntla is a small village in Porumamilla Mandal, Andhra Pradesh, India. It is one of 16 villages, surrounding Porumamilla town. Here People's main occupation is cultivation. It is located 30 Kilometers from Badvel Town.",
"title": "Kavalakuntla"
},
{
"idx": 16,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Wachtum is a village located in the municipality of Coevorden, within the Dutch province of Drenthe. Wachtum is collectively cultivated by roughly 280 villagers.",
"title": "Wachtum"
},
{
"idx": 17,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Chinnakuyili is a small village situated in Coimbatore district in the state of Tamil Nadu, India (Bharat). Chinnakuyili village lies in the outskirts of Coimbatore City. It structures to the length and breadth - 3x5 km. It has a population of 604 men and 574 women. Chinnakuyili is a minor Panchayat included in Kallappalayam major Panchayat, with large source of income collected from the land taxes. People in this village are engaged in agriculture business and cultivation of maize, vegetables, cotton and coconuts. Most of the people are farmers mostly having cows and engaging in doing milk business. Milk farming is a hobby for all agriculture people for centuries in this village. Chinnakuyili is also known for its pleasant climate, nice people, peaceful atmosphere and nice wind flow.",
"title": "Chinnakuyili"
},
{
"idx": 18,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "The recorded history of Maryland dates back to when Europeans began exploring the area, starting with the Italian / Venetian John Cabot (c. 1450 -- c. 1500), exploring the coast of the continent of North America for England in 1498. The first European settlements were made in 1634, when the English arrived in significant numbers and created a permanent colony. Maryland was notable for having been established with religious freedom for Roman Catholics. Like other colonies of the Chesapeake Bay, its economy was based on tobacco as a commodity crop, cultivated primarily by African slave labor, although many young people came from Britain as indentured servants in the early years.",
"title": "History of Maryland"
},
{
"idx": 19,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Christianisation of the Anglo - Saxon Kingdoms began in AD 597, influenced by Celtic Christianity from the north - west and by the Roman church from the south - east, gradually replacing Anglo - Saxon polytheism which had been introduced to what is now England over the course of the 5th and 6th centuries with the arrival of the Anglo - Saxons. The first Archbishop of Canterbury, Augustine took office in 597 AD. In 601, he baptized the first Christian Anglo - Saxon king, Æthelberht of Kent. The last pagan Anglo - Saxon / Jutish king, Arwald, died in 686.",
"title": "Christianity in Anglo-Saxon England"
}
],
"question": "Where did maize cultivation begin in the region where Anglo-America is located?",
"question_decomposition": [
{
"answer": "the Americas",
"id": 716686,
"paragraph_support_idx": 1,
"question": "Anglo-America >> located on terrain feature"
},
{
"answer": "southern Mexico",
"id": 89594,
"paragraph_support_idx": 12,
"question": "where did maize cultivation began in the #1"
}
]
} |
2hop__106960_55584 | What is the name of the Speaker of Parliament in the country where the food called Kokonte originates? | Aaron Mike Oquaye | [
"Aaron Mike Oquaye"
] | {
"answer": "Aaron Mike Oquaye",
"answer_aliases": [],
"answerable": true,
"id": "2hop__106960_55584",
"paragraphs": [
{
"idx": 0,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Parliament museum is a museum in the Parliament of India Library Building in New Delhi, close to the Sansad Bhavan. It was inaugurated by then Speaker of Lok Sabha on 29 December 1989, in Parliament House Annexe, subsequently it shifted to its present in a Special Hall of the Sansadiya Gyanpeeth, Parliament Library Building, where it was inaugurated on 7 May 2002 by President of India, K. R. Narayanan. The interactive museum was inaugurated by President A.P.J. Abdul Kalam on 15 August 2006.",
"title": "Parliament Museum"
},
{
"idx": 1,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Ioannis Alevras (, 1912 – 6 April 1995) was a Greek Panhellenic Socialist Movement politician and Speaker of the Hellenic Parliament, who served as acting President of Greece in March 1985.",
"title": "Ioannis Alevras"
},
{
"idx": 2,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "On 3 October 2013, Speaker of the Parliament announced that Seppo Lehto is not anymore welcome to the Parliament House of Finland after he performed a Nazi salute there and published a photo of the act on the Internet. His host, Finns Party member of the parliament James Hirvisaari, was also expelled from the Finns Party due to this event.",
"title": "Seppo Lehto"
},
{
"idx": 3,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Aaron Eugene Kofi Asante Ofori-Atta, (12 December 1912 – July 1978) was a politician and also the fourth Speaker of the Parliament of Ghana.",
"title": "Kofi Asante Ofori-Atta"
},
{
"idx": 4,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "From 1974 (the creation of the British colony of Tuvalu) until independence, the legislative body of Tuvalu was called the House of the Assembly or Fale I Fono. Following independence in October 1978 the House of the Assembly was renamed the Parliament of Tuvalu or Palamene o Tuvalu. The unicameral Parliament has 15 members with elections held every four years. The members of parliament select the Prime Minister (who is the head of government) and the Speaker of Parliament. The ministers that form the Cabinet are appointed by the Governor General on the advice of the Prime Minister.",
"title": "Tuvalu"
},
{
"idx": 5,
"is_supporting": true,
"paragraph_text": "Parliament of Ghana 7th Parliament of the 4th Republic Type Type Unicameral Leadership Speaker Aaron Mike Oquaye Since 7 January 2017 Structure Seats 275 Political groups NPP (169) NDC (106) Elections Voting system First - past - the - post Last election 7 December 2016 Meeting place Parliament House Accra, Greater Accra Republic of Ghana Website www.parliament.gh",
"title": "Parliament of Ghana"
},
{
"idx": 6,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "The Federation of Nigeria was granted full independence on 1 October 1960 under a constitution that provided for a parliamentary government and a substantial measure of self - government for the country's three regions. From 1959 to 1960, Jaja Wachuku was the First Nigerian Speaker of the Nigerian Parliament, also called the ``House of Representatives. ''Jaja Wachuku replaced Sir Frederick Metcalfe of Britain. Notably, as First Speaker of the House, Jaja Wachuku received Nigeria's Instrument of Independence, also known as Freedom Charter, on 1 October 1960, from Princess Alexandra of Kent, The Queen's representative at the Nigerian independence ceremonies.",
"title": "History of Nigeria"
},
{
"idx": 7,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Miloš Zeman (; born 28 September 1944) is a Czech politician serving as the third and current President of the Czech Republic since 8 March 2013. He previously served as Prime Minister of the Czech Republic from 1998 to 2002. As Leader of the Czech Social Democratic Party during the 1990s, he transformed his party into one of the country's major political forces. Zeman was Speaker of the Chamber of Deputies, the lower house of the Czech parliament, from 1996 until he became Prime Minister two years later in 1998.",
"title": "Miloš Zeman"
},
{
"idx": 8,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "The Speaker of the Lok Sabha is the presiding officer of the Lok Sabha, the lower house of the Parliament of India. The speaker is elected in the very first meeting of the Lok Sabha following general elections. Serving for a term of five years, the Speaker chosen from amongst the members of the Lok Sabha, and is by convention a member of the ruling party or alliance.",
"title": "Speaker of the Lok Sabha"
},
{
"idx": 9,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "The Parliament of India is bicameral. Concurrence of both houses are required to pass any bill. However, the authors of the Constitution of India visualised situations of deadlock between the upper house i.e. Rajya Sabha and the lower house i.e. Lok Sabha. Therefore, the Constitution of India provides for Joint sittings of both the Houses to break this deadlock. The joint sitting of the Parliament is called by the President and is presided over by the Speaker or, in his absence, by the Deputy Speaker of the Lok Sabha or in his absence, the Deputy - Chairman of the Rajya Sabha. If any of the above officers are not present then any other member of the Parliament can preside by consensus of both the House.",
"title": "Joint Session of the Parliament of India"
},
{
"idx": 10,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "A by-election was held in the Niutao constituency in Tuvalu on 5 May 2003. It was triggered by the death of the incumbent MP, Saloa Tauia. Tauia, the Speaker of Parliament, died in February, after having entered Parliament in the July 2002 general election.",
"title": "2003 Niutao by-election"
},
{
"idx": 11,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Dieter Möhrmann (born 1948) is a German politician in the Social Democratic Party of Germany (SPD) and deputy speaker in the Lower Saxony State Parliament.",
"title": "Dieter Möhrmann"
},
{
"idx": 12,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Sir Emmanuel Charles Quist, also known as Paa Quist (21 May 1880, Christiansborg, Accra – 30 March 1959) was a barrister, educator and judge who served as the first Speaker of the Gold Coast Legislative Assembly and the first Speaker of the Parliament of Ghana.",
"title": "Emmanuel Charles Quist"
},
{
"idx": 13,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "M. Joseph Michael Perera is a Sri Lankan politician (born 15 September 1941) and a Former Member of the Parliament of Sri Lanka. He is the 17th Speaker of the Parliament of Sri Lanka.",
"title": "Joseph Michael Perera"
},
{
"idx": 14,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Before the reign of Henry VIII, the sovereign always granted his or her assent in person. The sovereign, wearing the Imperial State Crown, would be seated on the throne in the Lords chamber, surrounded by heralds and members of the royal court—a scene that nowadays is repeated only at the annual State Opening of Parliament. The Commons, led by their speaker, would listen from the Bar of the Lords, just outside the chamber. The Clerk of the Parliaments presented the bills awaiting assent to the monarch, save that supply bills were traditionally brought up by the speaker. The Clerk of the Crown, standing on the sovereign's right, then read aloud the titles of the bills (in earlier times, the entire text of the bills). The Clerk of the Parliaments, standing on the sovereign's left, responded by stating the appropriate Norman French formula.",
"title": "Royal assent"
},
{
"idx": 15,
"is_supporting": true,
"paragraph_text": "Kokonte is a meal which is eaten in some parts of Africa like Togo, Ghana and others. In Ghana, to be precise, Kokonte is eaten by most of the ethnic groups like the Ga, Akan, Hausa and so on. Most people like to refer to Kokonte as \"Face The Wall\" because it was initially associated with the low class, and one wouldn't want to eat it due to that. It is also a popular term used by the Ghanaian locals. Kokonte usually is brown, grey and deep green depending on the type of ethnic group that prepares the dish. Kokonte is usually prepared out of dried cassava or yam.",
"title": "Kokonte"
},
{
"idx": 16,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Gulzhan Zhanpeiskyzy Karagusova () member of Majilis of Parliament of Kazakhstan from Nur Otan party. Has served as the Minister of Labor and Social Protection in the Government of Kazakhstan since 2001. She is a speaker for Kazakhstan's Economic Forum.",
"title": "Gulzhan Karagusova"
},
{
"idx": 17,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "The Royal Assent ceremony takes place in the Senate, as the sovereign is traditionally barred from the House of Commons. On the day of the event, the Speaker of the Senate will read to the chamber a notice from the secretary to the governor general indicating when the viceroy or a deputy thereof will arrive. The Senate thereafter cannot adjourn until after the ceremony. The speaker moves to sit beside the throne, the Mace Bearer, with mace in hand, stands adjacent to him or her, and the governor general enters to take the speaker's chair. The Usher of the Black Rod is then commanded by the speaker to summon the Members of Parliament, who follow Black Rod back to the Senate, the Sergeant-at-Arms carrying the mace of the House of Commons. In the Senate, those from the commons stand behind the bar, while Black Rod proceeds to stand next to the governor general, who then nods his or her head to signify Royal Assent to the presented bills (which do not include appropriations bills). Once the list of bills is complete, the Clerk of the Senate states: \"in Her Majesty's name, His [or Her] Excellency the Governor General [or the deputy] doth assent to these bills.\" If there are any appropriation bills to receive Royal Assent, the Speaker of the House of Commons will read their titles and the Senate clerk repeats them to the governor general, who nods his or her head to communicate Royal Assent. When these bills have all been assented to, the Clerk of the Senate recites \"in Her Majesty's name, His [or Her] Excellency the Governor General [or the deputy] thanks her loyal subjects, accepts their benevolence and assents to these bills. The governor general or his or her deputy then depart parliament.",
"title": "Royal assent"
},
{
"idx": 18,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "The Speaker of the House of Commons is the presiding officer of the House of Commons, the United Kingdom's lower chamber of Parliament. The office is currently held by John Bercow, who was initially elected on 22 June 2009, following the resignation of Michael Martin. He was returned as an MP in the 2010 general election and was re-elected as Speaker when the House sat at the start of the new Parliament on 18 May 2010. He was again returned as an MP in the 2015 general election and was re-elected, unopposed, as Speaker when the House sat at the start of the new Parliament on 18 May 2015 and again on 13 June 2017.",
"title": "Speaker of the House of Commons (United Kingdom)"
},
{
"idx": 19,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Ganesh Vasudev Mavalankar (27 November 1888 – 27 February 1956) popularly known as Dadasaheb was an independence activist, the President (from 1946 to 1947) of the Central Legislative Assembly, then Speaker of the Constituent Assembly of India, and later the first Speaker of the Lok Sabha, the lower house of the Parliament of India. His son Purushottam Mavalankar was later elected to the Lok Sabha twice from Gujarat.",
"title": "Ganesh Vasudev Mavalankar"
}
],
"question": "What is the name of the Speaker of Parliament in the country where the food called Kokonte originates?",
"question_decomposition": [
{
"answer": "Ghana",
"id": 106960,
"paragraph_support_idx": 15,
"question": "What is the country Kokonte is from?"
},
{
"answer": "Aaron Mike Oquaye",
"id": 55584,
"paragraph_support_idx": 5,
"question": "what is the name of the speaker of parliament in #1"
}
]
} |
2hop__688538_56101 | when was the first electric instrument that Mashasha played made? | the 1930s | [
"the 1930s"
] | {
"answer": "the 1930s",
"answer_aliases": [],
"answerable": true,
"id": "2hop__688538_56101",
"paragraphs": [
{
"idx": 0,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Before the advent of the ASA system, the system of Weston film speed ratings was introduced by Edward Faraday Weston (1878–1971) and his father Dr. Edward Weston (1850–1936), a British-born electrical engineer, industrialist and founder of the US-based Weston Electrical Instrument Corporation, with the Weston model 617, one of the earliest photo-electric exposure meters, in August 1932. The meter and film rating system were invented by William Nelson Goodwin, Jr., who worked for them and later received a Howard N. Potts Medal for his contributions to engineering.",
"title": "Film speed"
},
{
"idx": 1,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "First Electric Cooperative is a non-profit rural electric utility cooperative headquartered in Jacksonville, Arkansas. The cooperative was organized April 26, 1937, as the first electric cooperative in Arkansas under the federal Rural Electrification Act of 1935. The cooperative energized its first lines April 15, 1938, near Jacksonville with three employees and 150 members.",
"title": "First Electric Cooperative"
},
{
"idx": 2,
"is_supporting": true,
"paragraph_text": "Peter Mujuru (born 15 October 1982), known by his mononym Mashasha, is a Zimbabwean musician, bass guitarist, singer, songwriter and producer based in the UK. He is widely regarded as an original and important new voice in African music. His debut studio album, \"Mashasha\", which wasreleased by Elegwa Music in 2011, was acclaimed by critics internationally and won a Zimbabwe Music and Arts (ZIMAA) award for Best Album.",
"title": "Mashasha"
},
{
"idx": 3,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Mandolin awareness in the United States blossomed in the 1880s, as the instrument became part of a fad that continued into the mid-1920s. According to Clarence L. Partee, the first mandolin made in the United States was made in 1883 or 1884 by Joseph Bohmann, who was an established maker of violins in Chicago. Partee characterized the early instrument as being larger than the European instruments he was used to, with a \"peculiar shape\" and \"crude construction,\" and said that the quality improved, until American instruments were \"superior\" to imported instruments. At the time, Partee was using an imported French-made mandolin.",
"title": "Mandolin"
},
{
"idx": 4,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "George Washington Hough (October 24, 1836 – January 1, 1909) was an American astronomer born in Montgomery, New York. He discovered 627 double stars and made systematic studies of the surface of Jupiter. He designed and constructed several instruments used in astronomy, meteorology, and physics. From 1862 to 1874, Hough was director of Dudley Observatory, Albany, New York. In 1879 he was appointed professor of astronomy at the University of Chicago. He became the director of Dearborn Observatory when the observatory was moved to Evanston, Illinois. He introduced original plans for the dome and electric control for the telescope.",
"title": "George W. Hough"
},
{
"idx": 5,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "The roots of hard rock can be traced back to the 1950s, particularly electric blues, which laid the foundations for key elements such as a rough declamatory vocal style, heavy guitar riffs, string-bending blues-scale guitar solos, strong beat, thick riff-laden texture, and posturing performances. Electric blues guitarists began experimenting with hard rock elements such as driving rhythms, distorted guitar solos and power chords in the 1950s, evident in the work of Memphis blues guitarists such as Joe Hill Louis, Willie Johnson, and particularly Pat Hare, who captured a \"grittier, nastier, more ferocious electric guitar sound\" on records such as James Cotton's \"Cotton Crop Blues\" (1954). Other antecedents include Link Wray's instrumental \"Rumble\" in 1958, and the surf rock instrumentals of Dick Dale, such as \"Let's Go Trippin'\" (1961) and \"Misirlou\" (1962).",
"title": "Hard rock"
},
{
"idx": 6,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "The First Seven Days is an album recorded by jazz musician Jan Hammer in 1975. It features extensive use of synthesizers, including the synthesized \"guitar\" parts (as on his follow-up album, \"Oh Yeah?\"), with the record jacket stating, \"For those concerned: there is \"no guitar\" on this album.\" Other instruments used are grand piano, electric violin and percussion.",
"title": "The First Seven Days"
},
{
"idx": 7,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Manifold vacuum can be used to drive accessories on automobiles. The best-known application is the vacuum servo, used to provide power assistance for the brakes. Obsolete applications include vacuum-driven windscreen wipers and Autovac fuel pumps. Some aircraft instruments (Attitude Indicator (AI) and the Heading Indicator (HI)) are typically vacuum-powered, as protection against loss of all (electrically powered) instruments, since early aircraft often did not have electrical systems, and since there are two readily available sources of vacuum on a moving aircraft—the engine and an external venturi. Vacuum induction melting uses electromagnetic induction within a vacuum.",
"title": "Vacuum"
},
{
"idx": 8,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Electric Café is the ninth studio album by the electronic group Kraftwerk, originally released in 1986. In October 2009 it was re-released under its original working title, Techno Pop. The initial 1986 \"Electric Café\" came in versions sung in English and German, as well as a limited \"Edición Española\" release, featuring versions of \"Techno Pop\" and \"Sex Object\" with only Spanish lyrics. It was the first Kraftwerk LP to be created using predominantly digital musical instruments, although the finished product was still recorded onto analog master tapes.",
"title": "Electric Café"
},
{
"idx": 9,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Bitches Brew is a studio double album by American jazz musician, composer, and bandleader Miles Davis, released on March 30, 1970 on Columbia Records. It marked his continuing experimentation with electric instruments that he had previously featured on the critically acclaimed \"In a Silent Way\" (1969). With these instruments, such as the electric piano and guitar, Davis rejected traditional jazz rhythms in favor of loose, rock-influenced arrangements based on improvisation.",
"title": "Bitches Brew"
},
{
"idx": 10,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "The first known electrically illuminated Christmas tree was the creation of Edward H. Johnson, an associate of inventor Thomas Edison. While he was vice president of the Edison Electric Light Company, a predecessor of today's Con Edison electric utility, he had Christmas tree light bulbs especially made for him. He proudly displayed his Christmas tree, which was hand - wired with 80 red, white and blue electric incandescent light bulbs the size of walnuts, on December 22, 1882 at his home on Fifth Avenue in New York City. Local newspapers ignored the story, seeing it as a publicity stunt. However, it was published by a Detroit newspaper reporter, and Johnson has become widely regarded as the Father of Electric Christmas Tree Lights. By 1900, businesses started stringing up Christmas lights behind their windows. Christmas lights were too expensive for the average person; as such, electric Christmas lights did not become the majority replacement for candles until 1930.",
"title": "Christmas lights"
},
{
"idx": 11,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "In 1985, in a campaign initiated by then CBS Musical Instruments division president William Schultz (1926 -- 2006), the Fender Electric Instrument Manufacturing Company employees purchased the company from CBS and renamed it Fender Musical Instruments Corporation (FMIC). Behind the Fender name, FMIC has retained Fender's older models along with newer designs and concepts. The sale however did not include the old Fullerton factory; FMIC had to build a new facility in nearby Corona.",
"title": "Fender Musical Instruments Corporation"
},
{
"idx": 12,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Application of electric motors revolutionized industry. Industrial processes were no longer limited by power transmission using line shafts, belts, compressed air or hydraulic pressure. Instead every machine could be equipped with its own electric motor, providing easy control at the point of use, and improving power transmission efficiency. Electric motors applied in agriculture eliminated human and animal muscle power from such tasks as handling grain or pumping water. Household uses of electric motors reduced heavy labor in the home and made higher standards of convenience, comfort and safety possible. Today, electric motors stand for more than half of the electric energy consumption in the US.",
"title": "Electric motor"
},
{
"idx": 13,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "The PP-2000 (Russian: ПП-2000) is a submachine gun/machine pistol made by the KBP Instrument Design Bureau. It was first publicly displayed at the Interpolytech-2004 exhibition in Moscow even though its patent was filed in 2001 and issued in 2003.",
"title": "PP-2000"
},
{
"idx": 14,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "A voltmeter is an instrument used for measuring electrical potential difference between two points in an electric circuit. Analog voltmeters move a pointer across a scale in proportion to the voltage of the circuit; digital voltmeters give a numerical display of voltage by use of an analog to digital converter.",
"title": "Voltmeter"
},
{
"idx": 15,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "The first successful classical unified field theory was developed by James Clerk Maxwell. In 1820 Hans Christian Ørsted discovered that electric currents exerted forces on magnets, while in 1831, Michael Faraday made the observation that time - varying magnetic fields could induce electric currents. Until then, electricity and magnetism had been thought of as unrelated phenomena. In 1864, Maxwell published his famous paper on a dynamical theory of the electromagnetic field. This was the first example of a theory that was able to encompass previously separate field theories (namely electricity and magnetism) to provide a unifying theory of electromagnetism. By 1905, Albert Einstein had used the constancy of the speed of light in Maxwell's theory to unify our notions of space and time into an entity we now call spacetime and in 1915 he expanded this theory of special relativity to a description of gravity, General Relativity, using a field to describe the curving geometry of four - dimensional spacetime.",
"title": "Unified field theory"
},
{
"idx": 16,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "The typical symphony orchestra consists of four groups of related musical instruments called the woodwinds, brass, percussion, and strings (violin, viola, cello and double bass). Other instruments such as the piano and celesta may sometimes be grouped into a fifth section such as a keyboard section or may stand alone, as may the concert harp and electric and electronic instruments. The orchestra, depending on the size, contains almost all of the standard instruments in each group.",
"title": "Orchestra"
},
{
"idx": 17,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Being a private facility, it is situated inside the Meralco Center at Ortigas Avenue in Pasig City. The transformation of the JFCH into an integrated corporate wellness center made the Manila Electric Company the first corporation in the Philippines to institutionalize the implementation of such a program.",
"title": "John F. Cotton Corporate Wellness Center"
},
{
"idx": 18,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Orchestral Favorites is an album by Frank Zappa first released in May 1979 on his own DiscReet Records label. The album is instrumental and features music performed by the 37-piece Abnuceals Emuukha Electric Symphony Orchestra.",
"title": "Orchestral Favorites"
},
{
"idx": 19,
"is_supporting": true,
"paragraph_text": "In the 1930s, musician and inventor Paul Tutmarc from Seattle, Washington, who was manufacturing lap steel guitars, developed the first electric string bass in its modern form, a fretted instrument designed to be played horizontally. The 1935 sales catalog for Tutmarc's electronic musical instrument company, Audiovox, featured his ``Model 736 Bass Fiddle '', a four - stringed, solid - bodied, fretted electric bass instrument with a 30 ⁄ - inch (775 - millimetre) scale length. The adoption of a guitar's body shape made the instrument easier to hold and transport than any of the existing stringed bass instruments. The addition of frets enabled bassists to play in tune more easily than on fretless acoustic or electric upright basses. Around 100 of these instruments were made during this period.",
"title": "Bass guitar"
}
],
"question": "when was the first electric instrument that Mashasha played made?",
"question_decomposition": [
{
"answer": "bass guitar",
"id": 688538,
"paragraph_support_idx": 2,
"question": "Mashasha >> instrument"
},
{
"answer": "the 1930s",
"id": 56101,
"paragraph_support_idx": 19,
"question": "when was the first electric #1 made"
}
]
} |
2hop__14969_14960 | How many square kilometers is the southernmost continent? | 14,000,000 square kilometres | [
"14,000,000 square kilometres",
"billion"
] | {
"answer": "14,000,000 square kilometres",
"answer_aliases": [
"billion"
],
"answerable": true,
"id": "2hop__14969_14960",
"paragraphs": [
{
"idx": 0,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Widow spiders can be found on every continent of the world except Antarctica. In North America, the black widows commonly known as southern (Latrodectus mactans), western (Latrodectus hesperus), and northern (Latrodectus variolus) can be found in the United States, as well as parts of southern Canada -- particularly in the Okanagan Valley of British Columbia, as can the ``gray ''or`` brown widow spiders'' (Latrodectus geometricus) and the ``red widow spiders ''(Latrodectus bishopi). The blue mud dauber (Chalybion californicum) is a wasp that is the primary predator of black widow spiders.",
"title": "Latrodectus"
},
{
"idx": 1,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Brazil is the largest country in South America, encompassing around half of the continent's land area and population. The remaining countries and territories are divided among three regions: The Andean States, the Guianas and the Southern Cone.",
"title": "South America"
},
{
"idx": 2,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "The South American Plate is a major tectonic plate which includes the continent of South America as well as a sizable region of the Atlantic Ocean seabed extending eastward to the African Plate, with which it forms the southern part of the Mid-Atlantic Ridge.",
"title": "South American Plate"
},
{
"idx": 3,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Compared to the vigorous convergent plate mountain-building of the late Paleozoic, Mesozoic tectonic deformation was comparatively mild. The sole major Mesozoic orogeny occurred in what is now the Arctic, creating the Innuitian orogeny, the Brooks Range, the Verkhoyansk and Cherskiy Ranges in Siberia, and the Khingan Mountains in Manchuria. This orogeny was related to the opening of the Arctic Ocean and subduction of the North China and Siberian cratons under the Pacific Ocean. Nevertheless, the era featured the dramatic rifting of the supercontinent Pangaea. Pangaea gradually split into a northern continent, Laurasia, and a southern continent, Gondwana. This created the passive continental margin that characterizes most of the Atlantic coastline (such as along the U.S. East Coast) today.",
"title": "Mesozoic"
},
{
"idx": 4,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Africa is the world's second largest and second most - populous continent (behind Asia in both categories). At about 30.3 million km (11.7 million square miles) including adjacent islands, it covers 6% of Earth's total surface area and 20% of its land area. With 1.2 billion people as of 2016, it accounts for about 16% of the world's human population. The continent is surrounded by the Mediterranean Sea to the north, the Isthmus of Suez and the Red Sea to the northeast, the Indian Ocean to the southeast and the Atlantic Ocean to the west. The continent includes Madagascar and various archipelagos. It contains 54 fully recognised sovereign states (countries), nine territories and two de facto independent states with limited or no recognition. The majority of the continent and its countries are in the Northern Hemisphere, with a substantial portion and number of countries in the Southern Hemisphere.",
"title": "Africa"
},
{
"idx": 5,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "A continent is one of several very large landmasses of the world. Generally identified by convention rather than any strict criteria, up to seven regions are commonly regarded as continents. Ordered from largest in size to smallest, they are: Asia, Africa, North America, South America, Antarctica, Europe, and Australia.",
"title": "Continent"
},
{
"idx": 6,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Population size fluctuates at differing rates in differing regions. Nonetheless, population growth is the long - standing trend on all inhabited continents, as well as in most individual states. During the 20th century, the global population saw its greatest increase in known history, rising from about 1.6 billion in 1900 to over 6 billion in 2000. A number of factors contributed to this increase, including the lessening of the mortality rate in many countries by improved sanitation and medical advances, and a massive increase in agricultural productivity attributed to the Green Revolution.",
"title": "World population"
},
{
"idx": 7,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Billy is a lunar impact crater that is located at the southern fringes of the Oceanus Procellarum, in the western hemisphere of the Moon. It was named after French mathematician Jacques de Billy. It lies to the southeast of the similar-sized crater Hansteen, and west-southwest of the flooded Letronne.",
"title": "Billy (crater)"
},
{
"idx": 8,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Büsching is a lunar impact crater that is located in the crater-covered southern highlands of the Moon. It was named after German geographer Anton F. Büsching. The similar-sized crater Buch is located adjacent to its southwestern rim, and further to the southwest lies Maurolycus.",
"title": "Büsching (crater)"
},
{
"idx": 9,
"is_supporting": true,
"paragraph_text": "Antarctica (US English i/æntˈɑːrktɪkə/, UK English /ænˈtɑːktɪkə/ or /ænˈtɑːtɪkə/ or /ænˈɑːtɪkə/)[Note 1] is Earth's southernmost continent, containing the geographic South Pole. It is situated in the Antarctic region of the Southern Hemisphere, almost entirely south of the Antarctic Circle, and is surrounded by the Southern Ocean. At 14,000,000 square kilometres (5,400,000 square miles), it is the fifth-largest continent in area after Asia, Africa, North America, and South America. For comparison, Antarctica is nearly twice the size of Australia. About 98% of Antarctica is covered by ice that averages 1.9 km (1.2 mi; 6,200 ft) in thickness, which extends to all but the northernmost reaches of the Antarctic Peninsula.",
"title": "Antarctica"
},
{
"idx": 10,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "The Grand Canyon is a river valley in the Colorado Plateau that exposes uplifted Proterozoic and Paleozoic strata, and is also one of the six distinct physiographic sections of the Colorado Plateau province. It is not the deepest canyon in the world (Kali Gandaki Gorge in Nepal is much deeper). However, the Grand Canyon is known for its visually overwhelming size and its intricate and colorful landscape. Geologically, it is significant because of the thick sequence of ancient rocks that are well preserved and exposed in the walls of the canyon. These rock layers record much of the early geologic history of the North American continent.",
"title": "Grand Canyon"
},
{
"idx": 11,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "The Southern Ocean, geologically the youngest of the oceans, was formed when Antarctica and South America moved apart, opening the Drake Passage, roughly 30 million years ago. The separation of the continents allowed the formation of the Antarctic Circumpolar Current.",
"title": "Southern Ocean"
},
{
"idx": 12,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "The Robertson Nature Reserve is a protected rainforest nature reserve that is located in the Southern Highlands region of New South Wales, in eastern Australia. The reserve is situated near on the edge of the Illawarra Escarpment and is a remnant of the \"Yarrawa Brush\", once in size.",
"title": "Robertson Nature Reserve"
},
{
"idx": 13,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "During the Eocene (56 million years ago - 33.9 million years ago), the continents continued to drift toward their present positions. At the beginning of the period, Australia and Antarctica remained connected, and warm equatorial currents mixed with colder Antarctic waters, distributing the heat around the world and keeping global temperatures high. But when Australia split from the southern continent around 45 Ma, the warm equatorial currents were deflected away from Antarctica, and an isolated cold water channel developed between the two continents. The Antarctic region cooled down, and the ocean surrounding Antarctica began to freeze, sending cold water and ice floes north, reinforcing the cooling. The present pattern of ice ages began about 40 million years ago.[citation needed]",
"title": "Geological history of Earth"
},
{
"idx": 14,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "New Zealand is not part of the continent of Australia, but of the separate, submerged continent of Zealandia. New Zealand and Australia are both part of the Oceanian sub-region known as Australasia, with New Guinea being in Melanesia. The term Oceania is often used to denote the region encompassing the Australian continent and various islands in the Pacific Ocean that are not included in the seven - continent model.",
"title": "Australia (continent)"
},
{
"idx": 15,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "In the last million years since the Late Miocene, South America became connected with the continent of North America via the Panama Block that closed the marine Bolivar Trough, leading to the Great American Interchange, the interchange of biota from both continents. The first species discovered to have made the northward migration was Pliometanastes, a fossil ground sloth species, roughly the size of a modern black bear. Several migrations to the Southern Hemisphere were undertaken by tougher, North American mammal carnivores; fewer species migrated in the opposite direction from south to north. The result of the intrusion of North American fauna was that hundreds of South American species became extinct in a relatively short time and that about 60% of present - day South American mammals have evolved from North American species. However, some species were able to adapt and spread into North America. Apart from Pliometanastes, during the Irvingtonian stage of the mammal land stages, around 1.9 Ma, species as Pampatherium, a giant armadillo, ground sloth Megatherium, giant anteater Myrmecophaga, a Neogene capybara (Hydrochoerus), Meizonyx, opossum Didelphis, and Mixotoxodon followed the route north. The terror bird Titanis was the only discovered South American carnivore species who made the journey into North America.",
"title": "History of South America"
},
{
"idx": 16,
"is_supporting": true,
"paragraph_text": "Positioned asymmetrically around the South Pole and largely south of the Antarctic Circle, Antarctica is the southernmost continent and is surrounded by the Southern Ocean; alternatively, it may be considered to be surrounded by the southern Pacific, Atlantic, and Indian Oceans, or by the southern waters of the World Ocean. It covers more than 14,000,000 km2 (5,400,000 sq mi), making it the fifth-largest continent, about 1.3 times as large as Europe. The coastline measures 17,968 km (11,165 mi) and is mostly characterized by ice formations, as the following table shows:",
"title": "Antarctica"
},
{
"idx": 17,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Waverly Plantation was a large cotton plantation of unknown size, located in southern Leon County, Florida, United States, owned by George Taliaferro Ward.",
"title": "Waverly Plantation (Leon County, Florida)"
},
{
"idx": 18,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "The Cambrian is a major division of the geologic timescale that begins about 541.0 ± 1.0 Ma. Cambrian continents are thought to have resulted from the breakup of a Neoproterozoic supercontinent called Pannotia. The waters of the Cambrian period appear to have been widespread and shallow. Continental drift rates may have been anomalously high. Laurentia, Baltica and Siberia remained independent continents following the break-up of the supercontinent of Pannotia. Gondwana started to drift toward the South Pole. Panthalassa covered most of the southern hemisphere, and minor oceans included the Proto-Tethys Ocean, Iapetus Ocean and Khanty Ocean.",
"title": "Geological history of Earth"
},
{
"idx": 19,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "The Ordovician Period started at a major extinction event called the Cambrian-Ordovician extinction events some time about 485.4 ± 1.9 Ma. During the Ordovician the southern continents were collected into a single continent called Gondwana. Gondwana started the period in the equatorial latitudes and, as the period progressed, drifted toward the South Pole. Early in the Ordovician the continents Laurentia, Siberia and Baltica were still independent continents (since the break-up of the supercontinent Pannotia earlier), but Baltica began to move toward Laurentia later in the period, causing the Iapetus Ocean to shrink between them. Also, Avalonia broke free from Gondwana and began to head north toward Laurentia. The Rheic Ocean was formed as a result of this. By the end of the period, Gondwana had neared or approached the pole and was largely glaciated.",
"title": "Geological history of Earth"
}
],
"question": "How many square kilometers is the southernmost continent?",
"question_decomposition": [
{
"answer": "Antarctica",
"id": 14969,
"paragraph_support_idx": 16,
"question": "What is the southern most continent?"
},
{
"answer": "14,000,000 square kilometres",
"id": 14960,
"paragraph_support_idx": 9,
"question": "What is the size of #1 ?"
}
]
} |
4hop3__16401_4520_37620_47790 | What part of the document in which Stewart found no instances of the phrase Wall of Separation is the basis for the implied powers of the body providing oversight for the agency that issued the report in 1958? | ``general welfare clause ''and the`` necessary and proper clause'' | [
"``general welfare clause ''and the`` necessary and proper clause''",
"General welfare clause",
"General Welfare clause"
] | {
"answer": "``general welfare clause ''and the`` necessary and proper clause''",
"answer_aliases": [
"General welfare clause",
"General Welfare clause"
],
"answerable": true,
"id": "4hop3__16401_4520_37620_47790",
"paragraphs": [
{
"idx": 0,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Household survey results suggest the percentage of households spending less than £20 per week on a per capita basis fell from 27% to 8% between 2000 and 2004, implying a decline in income poverty. Nevertheless, 22% of the population claimed social security benefit in 2006/7, most of them aged over 60, a sector that represents 20% of the population.",
"title": "Saint Helena"
},
{
"idx": 1,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "The phrase ``Said the actress to the bishop ''is a colloquial and vulgar British exclamation, offering humour by serving as a punch line that exposes an unintended double entendre. An equivalent phrase in North America is`` that's what she said''. Each phrase is an example of a Wellerism, exposing a second meaning of what precedes it. The versatility of such phrases, and their popularity, lead some to consider them clichéd.",
"title": "Said the actress to the bishop"
},
{
"idx": 2,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Varginha UFO incident is the name given to a series of events involving the alleged sighting and capture by the military of an extraterrestrial being in Varginha, Brazil, in 1996. Such reports were first broadcast on the Sunday TV show \"Fantástico\" of Rede Globo, and gathered media coverage worldwide, including an article in \"The Wall Street Journal\". It has since become a well-known case in modern Brazilian ufology.",
"title": "Varginha UFO incident"
},
{
"idx": 3,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "The university experienced its share of student unrest during the 1960s, beginning in 1962, when students occupied President George Beadle's office in a protest over the university's off-campus rental policies. After continued turmoil, a university committee in 1967 issued what became known as the Kalven Report. The report, a two-page statement of the university's policy in \"social and political action,\" declared that \"To perform its mission in the society, a university must sustain an extraordinary environment of freedom of inquiry and maintain an independence from political fashions, passions, and pressures.\" The report has since been used to justify decisions such as the university's refusal to divest from South Africa in the 1980s and Darfur in the late 2000s.",
"title": "University of Chicago"
},
{
"idx": 4,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "In recent decades, a series of inscribed graphs and pictures have been found at Neolithic sites in China, including Jiahu (c. 6500 BC), Dadiwan and Damaidi from the 6th millennium BC, and Banpo (5th millennium BC). Often these finds are accompanied by media reports that push back the purported beginnings of Chinese writing by thousands of years. However, because these marks occur singly, without any implied context, and are made crudely and simply, Qiu Xigui concluded that \"we do not have any basis for stating that these constituted writing nor is there reason to conclude that they were ancestral to Shang dynasty Chinese characters.\" They do however demonstrate a history of sign use in the Yellow River valley during the Neolithic through to the Shang period.",
"title": "Chinese characters"
},
{
"idx": 5,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "The 1960 Constitution provided for a presidential system of government with independent executive, legislative and judicial branches as well as a complex system of checks and balances including a weighted power-sharing ratio designed to protect the interests of the Turkish Cypriots. The executive was led by a Greek Cypriot president and a Turkish Cypriot vice-president elected by their respective communities for five-year terms and each possessing a right of veto over certain types of legislation and executive decisions. Legislative power rested on the House of Representatives who were also elected on the basis of separate voters' rolls.",
"title": "Cyprus"
},
{
"idx": 6,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "The Sustainability Accounting Standards Board was founded in 2011 to develop and disseminate sustainability accounting standards. While the FASB has for the past forty years developed the accounting principles currently used in financial reporting in the United States, other social and environmental measures are now understood to be of relevance. The SASB aims to integrate its standards into the Form 10-K which must be filed by public companies with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission; in this sense it differs from initiatives such as the GRI, by working within the current system of financial regulation. The general principle is, in Peter Drucker's phrase, \"what gets measured gets managed\".",
"title": "Sustainability Accounting Standards Board"
},
{
"idx": 7,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "The phrase \"in whole or in part\" has been subject to much discussion by scholars of international humanitarian law. The International Criminal Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia found in Prosecutor v. Radislav Krstic – Trial Chamber I – Judgment – IT-98-33 (2001) ICTY8 (2 August 2001) that Genocide had been committed. In Prosecutor v. Radislav Krstic – Appeals Chamber – Judgment – IT-98-33 (2004) ICTY 7 (19 April 2004) paragraphs 8, 9, 10, and 11 addressed the issue of in part and found that \"the part must be a substantial part of that group. The aim of the Genocide Convention is to prevent the intentional destruction of entire human groups, and the part targeted must be significant enough to have an impact on the group as a whole.\" The Appeals Chamber goes into details of other cases and the opinions of respected commentators on the Genocide Convention to explain how they came to this conclusion.",
"title": "Genocide"
},
{
"idx": 8,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "In 1989 a series of revolutions in nearby Eastern Bloc countries -- Poland and Hungary in particular -- caused a chain reaction in East Germany that ultimately resulted in the demise of the Wall. After several weeks of civil unrest, the East German government announced on 9 November 1989 that all GDR citizens could visit West Germany and West Berlin. Crowds of East Germans crossed and climbed onto the Wall, joined by West Germans on the other side in a celebratory atmosphere. Over the next few weeks, euphoric people and souvenir hunters chipped away parts of the Wall; the governments later used industrial equipment to remove most of what was left. The ``fall of the Berlin Wall ''paved the way for German reunification, which formally took place on 3 October 1990.",
"title": "Berlin Wall"
},
{
"idx": 9,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Red was also featured in Chinese Imperial architecture. In the Tang and Song Dynasties, gates of palaces were usually painted red, and nobles often painted their entire mansion red. One of the most famous works of Chinese literature, A Dream of Red Mansions by Cao Xueqin (1715–1763), was about the lives of noble women who passed their lives out of public sight within the walls of such mansions. In later dynasties red was reserved for the walls of temples and imperial residences. When the Manchu rulers of the Qing Dynasty conquered the Ming and took over the Forbidden City and Imperial Palace in Beijing, all the walls, gates, beams and pillars were painted in red and gold.",
"title": "Red"
},
{
"idx": 10,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Porta Vigentina was one of the city gates in the Spanish walls of Milan, Italy; the gate has since been demolished, but the phrase \"Porta Vigentina\" is still used to refer to the district (\"quartiere\") where the gate used to be. The area is part of the Zone 5 administrative division of Milan.",
"title": "Porta Vigentina"
},
{
"idx": 11,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Duncan Norvelle (born 1958, Hoton, Loughborough, Leicestershire, England) is an English comedian in the variety tradition, who appeared on television from the early 1980s. He is probably most famous for his catch phrases ``Chase me! ''and 'Keep out of the sight and reach of children!', leading to his often being referred to as Duncan`` Chase me'' Norvelle. His act was based on appearing to be a stereotypical camp homosexual, whereas Norvelle is heterosexual; he has three children: Sophie (with ex-wife Trudi Dean), Yasmin (with former girlfriend Tina Hall) and Jack (with wife Jane Lindsay).",
"title": "Duncan Norvelle"
},
{
"idx": 12,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Figures vary as to exactly how often the Generals have beaten their rivals. Some reports say six, while the team's official website reports having three victories over the Globetrotters, one each in 1954, 1958, and 1971. The 1971 win is the most storied of these, and is sometimes reported as the team's sole victory.",
"title": "Washington Generals"
},
{
"idx": 13,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "The swimsuit issue was invented by Sports Illustrated editor Andre Laguerre to fill the winter months, a typically slow point in the sporting calendar. He asked fashion reporter Jule Campbell to go on a shoot to fill space, including the cover, with a beautiful model. The first issue, released in 1964, entailed a cover featuring Babette March and a five - page layout. Campbell soon became a powerful figure in modeling and molded the issue into a media phenomenon by featuring ``bigger and healthier ''California women and printing the names of the models with their photos, beginning a new supermodel era. In the 1950s, a few women appeared on the cover of Sports Illustrated, but the 1964 issue is considered to be the beginning of the current format known as the Swimsuit Issue. In 1997, Tyra Banks was the first black woman on the cover. Since 1997, the swimsuit issue has been a stand - alone edition, separate from the regular weekly magazine.",
"title": "Sports Illustrated Swimsuit Issue"
},
{
"idx": 14,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "In Canada, \"the 51st state\" is a phrase generally used in such a way as to imply that if a certain political course is taken, Canada's destiny will be as little more than a part of the United States. Examples include the Canada-United States Free Trade Agreement in 1988, the debate over the creation of a common defense perimeter, and as a potential consequence of not adopting proposals intended to resolve the issue of Quebec sovereignty, the Charlottetown Accord in 1992 and the Clarity Act in 1999.",
"title": "51st state"
},
{
"idx": 15,
"is_supporting": true,
"paragraph_text": "Executive power is vested, with exceptions and qualifications, in the President. By law (Section 2.) the president becomes the Commander in Chief of the Army and Navy, Militia of several states when called into service, has power to make treaties and appointments to office \"with the Advice and Consent of the Senate,\" receive Ambassadors and Public Ministers, and \"take care that the laws be faithfully executed\" (Section 3.) By using these words, the Constitution does not require the president to personally enforce the law; rather, officers subordinate to the president may perform such duties. The Constitution empowers the president to ensure the faithful execution of the laws made by Congress and approved by the President. Congress may itself terminate such appointments, by impeachment, and restrict the president. Bodies such as the War Claims Commission, the Interstate Commerce Commission and the Federal Trade Commission—all quasi-judicial—often have direct Congressional oversight.",
"title": "Separation of powers under the United States Constitution"
},
{
"idx": 16,
"is_supporting": true,
"paragraph_text": "The court noted that it \"is a matter of history that this very practice of establishing governmentally composed prayers for religious services was one of the reasons which caused many of our early colonists to leave England and seek religious freedom in America.\" The lone dissenter, Justice Potter Stewart, objected to the court's embrace of the \"wall of separation\" metaphor: \"I think that the Court's task, in this as in all areas of constitutional adjudication, is not responsibly aided by the uncritical invocation of metaphors like the \"wall of separation,\" a phrase nowhere to be found in the Constitution.\"",
"title": "Separation of church and state in the United States"
},
{
"idx": 17,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "The phrase \"[A] hedge or wall of separation between the garden of the church and the wilderness of the world\" was first used by Baptist theologian Roger Williams, the founder of the colony of Rhode Island, in his 1644 book The Bloody Tenent of Persecution. The phrase was later used by Thomas Jefferson as a description of the First Amendment and its restriction on the legislative branch of the federal government, in an 1802 letter to the Danbury Baptists (a religious minority concerned about the dominant position of the Congregationalist church in Connecticut):",
"title": "Separation of church and state in the United States"
},
{
"idx": 18,
"is_supporting": true,
"paragraph_text": "Implied powers, in the United States, are powers authorized by the Constitution that, while not stated, seem implied by powers that are expressly stated. When George Washington asked Alexander Hamilton to defend the constitutionality of the First Bank of the United States against the protests of Thomas Jefferson, James Madison, and Attorney General Edmund Randolph, Hamilton produced what has now become the classic statement for implied powers. Hamilton argued that the sovereign duties of a government implied the right to use means adequate to its ends. Although the United States government was sovereign only as to certain objects, it was impossible to define all the means it should use, because it was impossible for the founders to anticipate all future exigencies. Hamilton noted that the ``general welfare clause ''and the`` necessary and proper clause'' gave elasticity to the Constitution. Hamilton won the argument with Washington, who signed the bank bill into law.",
"title": "Implied powers"
},
{
"idx": 19,
"is_supporting": true,
"paragraph_text": "A Federal Trade Commission report issued in 1958 attempted to quantify the effect of antibiotic development on American public health. The report found that over the period 1946-1955, there was a 42% drop in the incidence of diseases for which antibiotics were effective and only a 20% drop in those for which antibiotics were not effective. The report concluded that \"it appears that the use of antibiotics, early diagnosis, and other factors have limited the epidemic spread and thus the number of these diseases which have occurred\". The study further examined mortality rates for eight common diseases for which antibiotics offered effective therapy (syphilis, tuberculosis, dysentery, scarlet fever, whooping cough, meningococcal infections, and pneumonia), and found a 56% decline over the same period. Notable among these was a 75% decline in deaths due to tuberculosis.",
"title": "Pharmaceutical industry"
}
],
"question": "What part of the document in which Stewart found no instances of the phrase Wall of Separation is the basis for the implied powers of the body providing oversight for the agency that issued the report in 1958?",
"question_decomposition": [
{
"answer": "Federal Trade Commission",
"id": 16401,
"paragraph_support_idx": 19,
"question": "Who issued the report in 1958?"
},
{
"answer": "Congress",
"id": 4520,
"paragraph_support_idx": 15,
"question": "Who has over-sight of #1 ?"
},
{
"answer": "the Constitution",
"id": 37620,
"paragraph_support_idx": 16,
"question": "Stewart pointed out that the phrase \"Wall of separation\" was nowhere to be found in what?"
},
{
"answer": "``general welfare clause ''and the`` necessary and proper clause''",
"id": 47790,
"paragraph_support_idx": 18,
"question": "what part of the #3 is the basis for the implied powers of #2"
}
]
} |
2hop__87357_65477 | Who did the winner of the 1985 NCAA men's basketball championship, lose to in the 2017 tournament? | Wisconsin | [
"Wisconsin",
"WI"
] | {
"answer": "Wisconsin",
"answer_aliases": [
"WI"
],
"answerable": true,
"id": "2hop__87357_65477",
"paragraphs": [
{
"idx": 0,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "With 11 national titles, UCLA has the record for the most NCAA Men's Division I Basketball Championships; John Wooden coached UCLA to 10 of its 11 titles. The University of Kentucky (UK) is second, with eight national titles. The University of North Carolina is third, with six national titles, and Duke University and Indiana University are tied for fourth with five national titles. The University of Connecticut is sixth with four national titles. The University of Kansas (KU) & Villanova are tied for 7th with three national titles. Since 1985, when the tournament expanded to 64 teams, Duke has won five championships; North Carolina and Connecticut have each won four; Kentucky & Villanova have three; Kansas & Florida have two; and UCLA, Indiana, Michigan State, Louisville have one. During that time Villanova, Michigan, UNLV, Duke, Arkansas, Arizona, Connecticut, Maryland, Syracuse, and Florida all won their first championships.",
"title": "NCAA Division I Men's Basketball Tournament"
},
{
"idx": 1,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "NCAA Division I Men's Basketball Tournament Upcoming season or competition: 2018 NCAA Division I Men's Basketball Tournament Sport College basketball Founded 1939 No. of teams 68 (since 2011) Most recent champion (s) North Carolina (6th title) Most titles UCLA (11 titles) TV partner (s) CBS TNT TruTV TBS CBS Sports Network (re-airs) Galavision (Spanish - coverage) Official website NCAA.com",
"title": "NCAA Division I Men's Basketball Tournament"
},
{
"idx": 2,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "With 11 national titles, UCLA has the record for the most NCAA Men's Division I Basketball Championships; John Wooden coached UCLA to 10 of its 11 titles. The University of Kentucky (UK) is second, with eight national titles. The University of North Carolina is in third place, with six titles, Duke University and Indiana University are tied for fourth with five national titles. The University of Connecticut is sixth with four national titles. The University of Kansas (KU) and University of Louisville are tied with three championships. Since 1985, when the tournament expanded to 64 teams, North Carolina and Duke have each won five championships; Connecticut has four; Kentucky has three; Kansas, Louisville, Florida, and Villanova have two; UCLA, Indiana, and Michigan State have one. During that time Villanova, Michigan, UNLV, Duke, Arkansas, Arizona, Connecticut, Maryland, Syracuse, and Florida all won their first championships.",
"title": "NCAA Division I Men's Basketball Tournament"
},
{
"idx": 3,
"is_supporting": true,
"paragraph_text": "The 2016 -- 17 Villanova Wildcats men's basketball team represented Villanova University in the 2016 -- 17 NCAA Division I men's basketball season. Led by head coach Jay Wright in his 16th year, the Wildcats participated in the Big East Conference and played their home games at The Pavilion, with some select home games at the Wells Fargo Center in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. They finished the season 32 -- 4, 15 -- 3 in Big East play to win the regular season championship. In the Big East Tournament, they defeated St. John's, Seton Hall, and Creighton to win the tournament championship. As a result, they received the conference's automatic bid to the NCAA Tournament. The Wildcats were given the Tournament's overall No. 1 seed as a No. 1 seed in the East region. In the First Round they defeated Mount St. Mary's before being upset by No. 8 - seeded Wisconsin in the Second Round. The loss marked the second time in the previous three tournaments that Villanova was upset by an eighth - seeded team.",
"title": "2016–17 Villanova Wildcats men's basketball team"
},
{
"idx": 4,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "The Louisville Cardinals men's basketball team is the men's college basketball program representing the University of Louisville (U of L) in the Atlantic Coast Conference (ACC) of NCAA Division I. The Cardinals have officially won two NCAA championships in 1980 and 1986 (with the 2013 title being vacated); and have officially been to 8 Final Fours (with the 2012 and 2013 appearances being vacated) in 38 official NCAA tournament appearances while compiling 61 tournament wins.",
"title": "Louisville Cardinals men's basketball"
},
{
"idx": 5,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "In 1963, Loyola won the 1963 NCAA Men's Division I Basketball Tournament (then the ``NCAA University Division '') men's basketball national championship under the leadership of All - American Jerry Harkness, defeating two - time defending champion Cincinnati 60 -- 58 in overtime in the title game. All five starters for the Ramblers played the entire championship game without substitution.",
"title": "Loyola Ramblers men's basketball"
},
{
"idx": 6,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "The Kansas Jayhawks men's basketball program is the intercollegiate men's basketball program of the University of Kansas. The program is classified in the NCAA's Division I and the team competes in the Big 12 Conference. Kansas is considered one of the most prestigious college basketball programs in the country with 3 NCAA Tournament championships and 5 overall national championships, as well being a National Runner - Up six times. Kansas is the all - time consecutive conference titles record holder with 14 consecutive titles, which is an active streak.",
"title": "Kansas Jayhawks men's basketball"
},
{
"idx": 7,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Men's National Invitation Tournament Current season, competition or edition: 2018 National Invitation Tournament National Invitation Tournament Sport College Basketball Founded 1938 Founder Metropolitan Basketball Writers Association No. of teams 32 Most recent champion (s) Penn State (2) Most titles St. John's (5) TV partner (s) ESPN Related competitions NIT Season Tip - Off NCAA Men's Division I Basketball Championship College Basketball Invitational CollegeInsider.com Postseason Tournament Vegas 16 Official website https://www.ncaa.com/championships/basketball-men/nit",
"title": "National Invitation Tournament"
},
{
"idx": 8,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "From 1985 to 2009, the Arizona basketball team reached the NCAA Division I Tournament for 25 consecutive years, two years shy of North Carolina's record with 27. Despite having their 1999 and 2008 appearances later vacated by the NCAA, the media still cites Arizona's streak, and simply notes the changes. The Wildcats have reached the Final Four of the NCAA Tournament on four occasions (1988, 1994, 1997, and 2001). They have also made two appearances in the National Championship (won over Kentucky Wildcats in 1997, lost to Duke Blue Devils in 2001). In Pac - 10 play, former head coach Lute Olson currently holds the record for most wins as a Pac - 10 coach with 327. In addition, the team has won sixteen Pac - 10 / 12 regular season championship titles and seven Pac - 10 / 12 tournament championship titles. Arizona also holds the distinction of recording five out of the seven 17 -- 1 Pac - 10 seasons (one - loss seasons). No team has gone undefeated since the formation of the Pac - 10 / 12.",
"title": "Arizona Wildcats men's basketball"
},
{
"idx": 9,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "ACC Men's Basketball Tournament Conference basketball championship Sport Basketball Conference Atlantic Coast Conference Number of teams 15 Format Single - elimination tournament Current stadium Barclays Center Current location Brooklyn, New York Played 1954 -- present Last contest 2018 Current champion Virginia Cavaliers Most championships Duke Blue Devils (20) TV partner (s) ESPN, ACC Network, Official website TheACC.com Men's Basketball",
"title": "ACC Men's Basketball Tournament"
},
{
"idx": 10,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Kentucky leads all schools in total NCAA tournament appearances (58), NCAA tournament wins (126), NCAA Tournament games played (177), NCAA Sweet Sixteen appearances (43), NCAA Elite Eight appearances (37), and total postseason tournament appearances (65). Further, Kentucky has played in 17 NCAA Final Fours (tied for 2nd place all - time with UCLA), 12 NCAA Championship games, and has won 8 NCAA championships (second only to UCLA's 11). In addition to these titles, Kentucky won the National Invitation Tournament (NIT) in both 1946 and 1976, making it the only school to win multiple NCAA and NIT championships. Kentucky also leads all schools with sixty - two 20 - win seasons, fifteen 30 - win seasons, and six 35 - win seasons.",
"title": "Kentucky Wildcats men's basketball"
},
{
"idx": 11,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "In Knoxville, the Tennessee Volunteers college team has played in the Southeastern Conference of the National Collegiate Athletic Association since 1932. The football team has won 13 SEC championships and 25 bowls, including four Sugar Bowls, three Cotton Bowls, an Orange Bowl and a Fiesta Bowl. Meanwhile, the men's basketball team has won four SEC championships and reached the NCAA Elite Eight in 2010. In addition, the women's basketball team has won a host of SEC regular-season and tournament titles along with 8 national titles.",
"title": "Tennessee"
},
{
"idx": 12,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "The 2013 NCAA Division I Men's Basketball Championship Game was the finals of the 2013 NCAA Division I Men's Basketball Tournament and it determined the national champion for the 2012 - 13 NCAA Division I men's basketball season. The 2013 National Championship Game was played on April 8, 2013 at the Georgia Dome in Atlanta, Georgia, and featured the 2013 Midwest Regional Champions, # 1 - seeded Louisville, and the 2013 South Regional Champions, # 4 - seeded Michigan. Louisville's title was subsequently vacated by the NCAA on June 15, 2017 as the result of sex, stripper, and / or prostitution scandal related to both players on this team, as well as potential recruits. This decision was upheld on February 20, 2018.",
"title": "2013 NCAA Division I Men's Basketball Championship Game"
},
{
"idx": 13,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Marquette Golden Eagles 2017 -- 18 Marquette Golden Eagles men's basketball team University Marquette University Head coach Steve Wojciechowski (4th season) Conference Big East Arena Bradley Center (Capacity: 18,850) Nickname Golden Eagles Colors Blue and Gold Uniforms Home Away NCAA Tournament champions 1977 NCAA Tournament runner - up NCAA Tournament Final Four 1974, 1977, 2003 NCAA Tournament Elite Eight 1955, 1969, 1974, 1976, 1977, 2003, 2013 NCAA Tournament Sweet Sixteen 1955, 1959, 1968, 1969, 1971, 1972, 1973, 1974, 1976, 1977, 1979, 1994, 2003, 2011, 2012, 2013 NCAA Tournament Round of 32 1976, 1977, 1979, 1982, 1994, 1996, 2003, 2008, 2009, 2011, 2012, 2013 NCAA Tournament appearances 1955, 1959, 1961, 1968, 1969, 1971, 1972, 1973, 1974, 1975, 1976, 1977, 1978, 1979, 1980, 1982, 1983, 1993, 1994, 1996, 1997, 2002, 2003, 2006, 2007, 2008, 2009, 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2017 Conference tournament champions 1997 Conference regular season champions 1994, 2003, 2013",
"title": "Marquette Golden Eagles men's basketball"
},
{
"idx": 14,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "On March 18, 1980, Krzyzewski was named the head coach at Duke University after five seasons at Army. After a few rebuilding seasons, he and the Blue Devils became a fixture on the national basketball scene with 31 NCAA Tournament berths in the past 32 years and 22 consecutive from 1996 to 2017, which is the second - longest current streak of tournament appearances behind Kansas, which has appeared in the tournament in 27 consecutive seasons. Overall, he has taken his program to postseason play in 31 of his 34 years at Duke and is the most winning active coach in men's NCAA Tournament play with an 86 -- 25 record for a. 767 winning percentage. His Duke teams have won 13 ACC Championships, been to 12 Final Fours, and won five NCAA tournament National Championships.",
"title": "Mike Krzyzewski"
},
{
"idx": 15,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "The Indiana Hoosiers men's basketball team represents Indiana University in NCAA Division I college basketball and competes in the Big Ten Conference. The Hoosiers play on Branch McCracken Court at Simon Skjodt Assembly Hall in Bloomington, Indiana on the Indiana University Bloomington campus. Indiana has won five NCAA Championships in men's basketball (1940, 1953, 1976, 1981, 1987) -- the first two under coach Branch McCracken and the latter three under Bob Knight. Indiana's 1976 squad remains the last undefeated NCAA men's basketball champion.",
"title": "Indiana Hoosiers men's basketball"
},
{
"idx": 16,
"is_supporting": true,
"paragraph_text": "Eighth - seed Villanova, coached by Rollie Massimino, won their first national title with a 66 -- 64 victory in the final game over Georgetown, coached by John Thompson. Ed Pinckney of Villanova was named the tournament's Most Outstanding Player. The game, often cited as ``The Perfect Game '', is widely considered among the greatest upsets in college basketball history, and is the second biggest point - spread upset in Championship Game history. This Villanova team remains the lowest - seeded team to win the tournament. The Wildcats are also notable as the last Division I men's national champion to date to represent a school that did not sponsor varsity football at the time of its title (Villanova had dropped football after the 1980 season and did not reinstate the sport until the 1985 season, the first after the championship game). The game is also notable as the last played without a shot clock.",
"title": "1985 NCAA Division I Men's Basketball Tournament"
},
{
"idx": 17,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "College sports are also popular in North Carolina, with 18 schools competing at the Division I level. The Atlantic Coast Conference (ACC) is headquartered in Greensboro, and both the ACC Football Championship Game (Charlotte) and the ACC Men's Basketball Tournament (Greensboro) were most recently held in North Carolina. College basketball in particular is very popular, buoyed by the Tobacco Road rivalries between Duke, North Carolina, North Carolina State, and Wake Forest. The ACC Championship Game and The Belk Bowl are held annually in Charlotte's Bank of America Stadium, featuring teams from the ACC and the Southeastern Conference. Additionally, the state has hosted the NCAA Men's Basketball Final Four on two occasions, in Greensboro in 1974 and in Charlotte in 1994.",
"title": "North Carolina"
},
{
"idx": 18,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "The school's sports teams, wearing crimson and royal blue, are called the Kansas Jayhawks. They participate in the NCAA's Division I and in the Big 12 Conference. KU has won thirteen National Championships: five in men's basketball (two Helms Foundation championships and three NCAA championships), three in men's indoor track and field, three in men's outdoor track and field, one in men's cross country and one in women's outdoor track and field. The home course for KU Cross Country is Rim Rock Farm. Their most recent championship came on June 8, 2013 when the KU women's track and field team won the NCAA outdoor in Eugene, Oregon becoming the first University of Kansas women's team to win a national title.",
"title": "University of Kansas"
},
{
"idx": 19,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "The Wildcats have won the National Championship three times: 1985, 2016, and 2018. Their 1985 NCAA championship as an 8 seed still stands as the lowest seed ever to win the title. The game is referred to as ``The Perfect Game ''as they shot a record 78.6% as a team for the game. Their 2016 NCAA Championship, is referred to as`` The Perfect Ending'' and is the only NCAA Men's Championship game to be won on a buzzer beater, as Kris Jenkins drained a shot as time expired. They made the Final Four in 1939, 1971, 1985, 2009, 2016 and 2018; their six Final Four appearances are 13th most all - time. As of 2018, they have an NCAA Tournament record of 64 -- 36 (. 640). Villanova has defeated six No. 1 seeds in the NCAA tournament (Michigan and Georgetown in 1985, Pittsburgh in 2009, and Kansas and North Carolina in 2016, and Kansas in 2018), which is sixth most all - time. The Villanova Wildcats have appeared in the NCAA Tournament 37 times, the eighth highest total in NCAA history. They have won the Big East regular season championship eight times, most recently winning four straight from 2014 to 2017. They won the Big East Tournament in 1995, 2015, 2017, and 2018. Villanova entered the 2016 -- 2017 season with an all - time winning percentage of (. 648), placing the Wildcats tied for 13th among all NCAA Division I basketball programs. Through 2018, Villanova has 1,753 wins, which is 23rd among Division I men's basketball teams. Villanova has won the Philadelphia Big Five 26 times which is the second most of any team, including five straight from 2014 to 2018. The Wildcats have appeared in the National Invitation Tournament 17 times, winning in 1994.",
"title": "Villanova Wildcats men's basketball"
}
],
"question": "Who did the winner of the 1985 NCAA men's basketball championship, lose to in the 2017 tournament?",
"question_decomposition": [
{
"answer": "Villanova",
"id": 87357,
"paragraph_support_idx": 16,
"question": "who won the 1985 ncaa men's basketball championship"
},
{
"answer": "Wisconsin",
"id": 65477,
"paragraph_support_idx": 3,
"question": "who did #1 lose to in the 2017 tournament"
}
]
} |
2hop__105985_91469 | When was the country from which The Chinese Feast originated taken by the British? | 1842 | [
"1842"
] | {
"answer": "1842",
"answer_aliases": [],
"answerable": true,
"id": "2hop__105985_91469",
"paragraphs": [
{
"idx": 0,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Many cultures have taken their words for comics from English, including Russian (Russian: Комикс, komiks) and German (comic). Similarly, the Chinese term manhua and the Korean manhwa derive from the Chinese characters with which the Japanese term manga is written.",
"title": "Comics"
},
{
"idx": 1,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "The name Nigeria was taken from the Niger River running through the country. This name was allegedly coined in the late 19th century by British journalist Flora Shaw, she was inspired by the name of the river, in preference to terms such as \"Central Sudan\". The origin of the name ''Nigeria'' came from the name of the Niger River. The word ( Niger ) is an alteration of the Tuareg name egerew n-igerewen used by inhabitants along the middle reaches of the river around Timbuktu prior to 19th-century European colonialism. Egerew n-igerewen means River of the Rivers.",
"title": "Nigeria"
},
{
"idx": 2,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "The first census in Kenya was conducted in 1948, when Kenya was still a colony administered by the British. Since 1969 census has been taken every ten years. The last census to date was in 2009. Kenya is the first African country to produce a completely processed census within one year after census",
"title": "Population and housing censuses by country"
},
{
"idx": 3,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Touching Evil DVD cover Genre Crime drama Created by Paul Abbott Starring Robson Green Nicola Walker Michael Feast Adam Kotz Andrew Scarborough Shaun Dingwall Country of origin United Kingdom Original language (s) English No. of series No. of episodes 16 Production Running time 50 minutes Release Original network ITV Picture format 4: 3 Original release 29 April 1997 -- 6 June 1999",
"title": "Touching Evil"
},
{
"idx": 4,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Divine Mercy Sunday (also known as the Feast of the Divine Mercy) is celebrated on the Sunday after Easter, the Octave Day of Easter. The feast day is observed by Roman Catholic as well as some Anglicans. It is originally based on the Catholic devotion to the Divine Mercy that Saint Faustyna Kowalska reported as part of her encounter with Jesus, and is associated with special promises from Jesus and indulgences issued by the Church.",
"title": "Divine Mercy Sunday"
},
{
"idx": 5,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Lord of the Trees is an American novel by Philip José Farmer. Originally released in 1970, it was one of two intertwining sequels to Farmer's previous \"A Feast Unknown\", along with \"The Mad Goblin\". \"Lord of the Trees\" features Lord Grandrith, an analogue (or Tarzanalogue, if you will) of Tarzan, as the main character.",
"title": "Lord of the Trees"
},
{
"idx": 6,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Cuisine aroused a cultural pride in the accumulated richness of a long and varied past. The gentleman gourmet, such as Yuan Mei, applied aesthetic standards to the art of cooking, eating, and appreciation of tea at a time when New World crops and products entered everyday life. The Suiyuan Shidan written by him, detailed the culinary esthetics and theory, along with a wide range of recipes from the ruling period of Qianlong during Qing Dynasty. The Manchu Han Imperial Feast originated at the court. Although this banquet was probably never common, it reflected an appreciation by Han Chinese for Manchu culinary customs. Nevertheless, culinary traditionalists such as Yuan Mei lambasted the opulent culinary rituals of the Manchu Han Imperial Feast, saying that it is cause in part by \"...the vulgar habits of bad chefs\" and that \"Display this trite are useful only for welcoming new relations through one’s gates or when the boss comes to visit.\" (皆惡廚陋習。只可用之於新親上門，上司入境)",
"title": "Qing dynasty"
},
{
"idx": 7,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Sunday Feast is a British cookery show on British television channel ITV, broadcast in 2006. The show's hosts are Andi Peters and Anneka Rice. Their two resident chefs, who alternate week by week, are Ed Baines and Paul Merrett.",
"title": "Sunday Feast"
},
{
"idx": 8,
"is_supporting": true,
"paragraph_text": "British Hong Kong was the period during which Hong Kong was under British Crown rule from 1842 to 1997 (excluding the Japanese occupation from 1941 to 1945). It was established as a Crown colony and later designated a British Dependent Territory in 1981. Hong Kong Island was ceded to the United Kingdom by the Qing dynasty of China after the First Opium War (1839 -- 1842). The Kowloon Peninsula was added to the colony after the Second Opium War (1856 -- 1860). Finally, in 1898, the New Territories were added under a 99 - year lease. Although Hong Kong Island and Kowloon were ceded to Britain in perpetuity, the New Territories -- which comprised over 90 per cent of Hong Kong's land -- had such a vital role in the economy that the British government agreed to transfer sovereignty of the entirety of Hong Kong to China upon the expiration of the lease in 1997. The transfer has been considered by many as marking the end of the British Empire.",
"title": "British Hong Kong"
},
{
"idx": 9,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Tilia chinensis (Chinese linden, ) is a species of lime or linden tree that is endemic to China. It flowers in July or August when honey bees collect honey from its flowers. Especially famous is honey taken from the Chinese linden flowers in Changbai Mountain.",
"title": "Tilia chinensis"
},
{
"idx": 10,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Sebastian Cabot declares in a handwritten Latin text in his original 1545 map, that the St. John's earned its name when he and his father, the Venetian explorer John Cabot became the first Europeans to sail into the harbour, in the morning of 24 June 1494 (against British and French historians stating 1497), the feast day of Saint John the Baptist. However, the exact locations of Cabot's landfalls are disputed. A series of expeditions to St. John's by Portuguese from the Azores took place in the early 16th century, and by 1540 French, Spanish and Portuguese ships crossed the Atlantic annually to fish the waters off the Avalon Peninsula. In the Basque Country, it is a common belief that the name of St. John's was given by Basque fishermen because the bay of St. John's is very similar to the Bay of Pasaia in the Basque Country, where one of the fishing towns is also called St. John (in Spanish, San Juan, and in Basque, Donibane).",
"title": "St. John's, Newfoundland and Labrador"
},
{
"idx": 11,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Cache Creek, originally Rivière de la Cache, is a tributary of the Bonaparte River in the Thompson Country of the Interior of British Columbia, Canada, joining that river at the town of Cache Creek, British Columbia, which is located at the junction of the Trans-Canada and Cariboo Highways.",
"title": "Cache Creek (British Columbia)"
},
{
"idx": 12,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Saint Paul Apostle of the Gentiles Saint Paul by Bartolomeo Montagna Native name שאול התרסי (Sha'ul ha - Tarsi, Saul of Tarsus) Personal details c. AD 5 Tarsus, Cilicia, Roman Empire → c. AD 67 (aged 61 -- 62) probably in Rome, Roman Empire Sainthood Feast day January 25 (Feast of the Conversion of Saint Paul) February 10 (Feast of Saint Paul's Shipwreck in Malta) June 29 (Feast of Saints Peter and Paul) June 30 (former solo feast day, still celebrated by some religious orders) November 18 (Feast of the dedication of the basilicas of Saints Peter and Paul) Canonized by Pre-Congregation Attributes Sword Patronage Missions; Theologians; Gentile Christians",
"title": "Paul the Apostle"
},
{
"idx": 13,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "The name \"\" was taken from the Niger River running through the country. This name was coined in the late 19th century by British journalist Flora Shaw, who later married Lord Lugard, a British colonial administrator. The origin of the name \"Niger\", which originally applied only to the middle reaches of the Niger River, is uncertain. The word is likely an alteration of the Tuareg name \"egerew n-igerewen\" used by inhabitants along the middle reaches of the river around Timbuktu prior to 19th-century European colonialism.",
"title": "Nigeria"
},
{
"idx": 14,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Portuguese natives comprise a very small percentage of Guinea-Bissauans. After Guinea-Bissau gained independence, most of the Portuguese nationals left the country. The country has a tiny Chinese population. These include traders and merchants of mixed Portuguese and Chinese ancestry from Macau, a former Asian Portuguese colony.",
"title": "Guinea-Bissau"
},
{
"idx": 15,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Differences in feasts may also originate from doctrinal issues—the Feast of the Assumption is such an example. Given that there is no agreement among all Christians on the circumstances of the death, Dormition or Assumption of Mary, the feast of assumption is celebrated among some denominations and not others. While the Catholic Church celebrates the Feast of the Assumption on August 15, some Eastern Catholics celebrate it as Dormition of the Theotokos, and may do so on August 28, if they follow the Julian calendar. The Eastern Orthodox also celebrate it as the Dormition of the Theotokos, one of their 12 Great Feasts. Protestants do not celebrate this, or any other Marian feasts.",
"title": "Mary, mother of Jesus"
},
{
"idx": 16,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "\"Flawless (Go to the City)\" is a song co-written and performed by British singer George Michael and released by Sony BMG on 28 June 2004. It samples \"Flawless\", originally recorded by the electronic music band The Ones which in turn samples \"Keep On Dancin'\" (1978), originally recorded by Gary's Gang. The song was taken from Michael's album \"Patience\".",
"title": "Flawless (Go to the City)"
},
{
"idx": 17,
"is_supporting": true,
"paragraph_text": "The Chinese Feast (Chinese: 金玉滿堂) is a 1995 Hong Kong film co-written, produced and directed by Tsui Hark, and starring Leslie Cheung, Anita Yuen, Kenny Bee, and Law Kar-ying.",
"title": "The Chinese Feast"
},
{
"idx": 18,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "During the Taiping Rebellion, armed rebels paraded the streets of Hong Kong. On 21 December 1854, the Hong Kong police arrested several armed rebels who were about to attack Kowloon City. On 23 January 1855, a fleet of Taiping war boats was on the verge of a naval battle against Chinese imperial war boats defending the harbour. The Chinese defenders were ordered away by the British colonial authorities. These incidents caused rising tension that would eventually lead to the Arrow War. The harbour was originally called \"Hong Kong Harbour\", but was later renamed as \"Victoria Harbour\", to assure shelter for the British fleet under Queen Victoria.",
"title": "Victoria Harbour"
},
{
"idx": 19,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "The overseas Chinese community has played a large role in the development of the economies in the region. These business communities are connected through the bamboo network, a network of overseas Chinese businesses operating in the markets of Southeast Asia that share common family and cultural ties. The origins of Chinese influence can be traced to the 16th century, when Chinese migrants from southern China settled in Indonesia, Thailand, and other Southeast Asian countries. Chinese populations in the region saw a rapid increase following the Communist Revolution in 1949, which forced many refugees to emigrate outside of China.",
"title": "Southeast Asia"
}
],
"question": "When was the country from which The Chinese Feast originated taken by the British?",
"question_decomposition": [
{
"answer": "Hong Kong",
"id": 105985,
"paragraph_support_idx": 17,
"question": "What country did The Chinese Feast originate?"
},
{
"answer": "1842",
"id": 91469,
"paragraph_support_idx": 8,
"question": "when was #1 taken by the british"
}
]
} |
2hop__417222_127375 | In which year was the performer of Six to Midnight formed? | 1995 | [
"1995"
] | {
"answer": "1995",
"answer_aliases": [],
"answerable": true,
"id": "2hop__417222_127375",
"paragraphs": [
{
"idx": 0,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Sixes & Sevens is Adam Green's fifth solo record, released by Rough Trade Records in Europe on March 7, 2008. A few days later, on March 10, it was released in the UK, followed closely by a US release on March 18. The first single was \"Morning After Midnight\".",
"title": "Sixes & Sevens"
},
{
"idx": 1,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "``Midnight Train to Georgia ''is a 1973 number - one hit single by Gladys Knight & the Pips, their second release after departing Motown Records for Buddah Records. Written by Jim Weatherly, and included on the Pips' 1973 LP Imagination,`` Midnight Train to Georgia'' won the 1974 Grammy Award for Best R&B Vocal Performance By A Duo, Group Or Chorus and has become Knight's signature song.",
"title": "Midnight Train to Georgia"
},
{
"idx": 2,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Though Jehovah's Witnesses do not accept blood transfusions of whole blood, they may accept some blood plasma fractions at their own discretion. The Watch Tower Society provides pre-formatted durable power of attorney documents prohibiting major blood components, in which members can specify which allowable fractions and treatments they will personally accept. Jehovah's Witnesses have established Hospital Liaison Committees as a cooperative arrangement between individual Jehovah's Witnesses and medical professionals and hospitals.",
"title": "Jehovah's Witnesses"
},
{
"idx": 3,
"is_supporting": true,
"paragraph_text": "Grinspoon is an Australian rock band from Lismore, New South Wales formed in 1995 and fronted by Phil Jamieson on vocals and guitar with Pat Davern on guitar, Joe Hansen on bass guitar and Kristian Hopes on drums. Also in 1995, they won the Triple J-sponsored Unearthed competition for Lismore, with their post-grunge song \"Sickfest\". Their name was taken from Dr. Lester Grinspoon an Associate Professor Emeritus of Psychiatry at Harvard Medical School, who supports marijuana for medical use.",
"title": "Grinspoon"
},
{
"idx": 4,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Born in Los Angeles, California, Russell Harlan witnessed the city's development from the construction of its first film studio to being the center for motion picture production in the United States. Harlan embarked on a career in film as an actor and stuntman but by the early 1930s was pursuing his interest behind the camera as an assistant. He performed as the cinematographer for the first time in 1937 on a \"Hopalong Cassidy\" western film that led to a career spanning more than thirty years. He received six nominations for the Academy Award for Best Cinematography, including two in 1962 alone when he worked on \"Hatari!\" and \"To Kill a Mockingbird\".",
"title": "Russell Harlan"
},
{
"idx": 5,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "The course of New Year's Day passed during the Jamboree, and the opening ceremony of the Jamboree, at midnight on 31 December 1987, was the first official event of Australia's Bicentenary.",
"title": "16th World Scout Jamboree"
},
{
"idx": 6,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "The Broken Horseshoe is a 1953 British crime film directed by Martyn C. Webster and starring Robert Beatty, Elizabeth Sellars, Peter Coke and Hugh Kelly. A surgeon is drawn into a murder case when he offers shelter to a woman who has witnessed a killing linked to a horse-doping syndicate. It was based on a six-part television series \"The Broken Horseshoe\" which had aired the previous year.",
"title": "The Broken Horseshoe (film)"
},
{
"idx": 7,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "\"How Do You Stop\" is a song written by Dan Hartman and Charlie Midnight and recorded by James Brown. It appeared on Brown's 1986 album \"Gravity\" and was released as a single which charted #10 R&B. Brown also performs the song on his 1989 album \"Soul Session Live\".",
"title": "How Do You Stop"
},
{
"idx": 8,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Silence is an album by the American jazz bassist Charlie Haden recorded in 1987 and released on the Italian Soul Note label two years later. The album features West Coast jazz trumpeter Chet Baker, and was recorded six months before Baker's death. Three of the six songs on the album--\"My Funny Valentine\", \"'Round Midnight\", and \"Conception\"--were regular features in Baker's concerts at the time. A fourth song, \"Visa\", was a bebop composition written by Charlie Parker, a musician Baker played with early in his career. Joining Haden and Baker on the album are drummer Billy Higgins and pianist Enrico Pieranunzi.",
"title": "Silence (Charlie Haden album)"
},
{
"idx": 9,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "The Sex Life of the Polyp is a 1928 short film written and performed by Robert Benchley, based on a routine he first did in 1922. The short, which was adapted from an essay by Benchley, documents a dim-witted doctor attempting to discuss the sex life of a polyp to a women's club. This was the second of Benchley's 46 comedy short films, with six made for Fox, one each for Universal Pictures and RKO Radio Pictures, 29 for Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer, and nine for Paramount Pictures.",
"title": "The Sex Life of the Polyp"
},
{
"idx": 10,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "This season along with season three were renewed in April 2016. Production on the season officially began a month prior when casting calls for two new leads were released. Filming commenced in May 2016 and finished in August of the same year. The season premiered on July 3, 2017 on Family Channel's' F2N 'teen block, and streamed internationally on Netflix on July 7, 2017. On F2N, it will run for two weeks and use the telenovela format. Ahead of the premiere on F2N, Family Channel released all 10 episodes on June 30, 2017, on the Family Channel App at midnight.",
"title": "Degrassi: Next Class (season 4)"
},
{
"idx": 11,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Little Big Shots is an Australian reality television show which premiered on the Seven Network on 27 August 2017. The program, based on the American format of the same name, is hosted by Shane Jacobson and features performances by children aged 3 to 13 years old.",
"title": "Little Big Shots (Australian TV series)"
},
{
"idx": 12,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Captain Midnight, the Bush King (US: The Bushranger's Bride) was a 1911 Australian silent drama film about the fictitious bushranger Captain Midnight which was the directorial debut of actor Alfred Rolfe. The film is based on the play of same name by W. J. Lincoln and Alfred Dampier. \"Captain Midnight, the Bush King\" is now considered lost.",
"title": "Captain Midnight, the Bush King"
},
{
"idx": 13,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Portrait of a Call Girl is a 2011 American pornographic film starring Jessie Andrews, and directed and written by Graham Travis. In 2012, the film received 19 nominations for both creative and technical awards, winning four AVN Awards for best actress, best director, best feature and the AVN's first Movie of the Year award; one XRCO Award for best epic; and six XBIZ Awards for acting performance of the year – female, best cinematography, best non-sex acting performance of the year, director of the year – individual project, and feature movie of the year.",
"title": "Portrait of a Call Girl"
},
{
"idx": 14,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Maria Rosa Coccia was born in Rome and studied with Sante Pesci. At the age of 13, Coccia composed six sonatas for harpsichord and the oratorio \"Daniello\", which was performed the same year in the Oratory S. Filippo Neri, in defiance of a tradition that women were not allowed to attend the event.",
"title": "Maria Rosa Coccia"
},
{
"idx": 15,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Around the summer solstice (approximately 21 June in the Northern Hemisphere and 22 December in the Southern Hemisphere), the sun is visible for the full 24 hours, given fair weather. The number of days per year with potential midnight sun increases the closer towards either pole one goes. Although approximately defined by the polar circles, in practice the midnight sun can be seen as much as 55 miles (90 km) outside the polar circle, as described below, and the exact latitudes of the farthest reaches of midnight sun depend on topography and vary slightly year - to - year.",
"title": "Midnight sun"
},
{
"idx": 16,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Chandrasekhar was named as a Wisden Cricketer of the Year in 1972; in 2002 he won Wisden's award for ``Best bowling performance of the century ''for India, for his six wickets for 38 runs against England at the Oval in 1971.",
"title": "B. S. Chandrasekhar"
},
{
"idx": 17,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Born in Campinas to a Polish mother and a Lithuanian father, Rubinsky lived in Brazil for the first thirteen years of her life; she later lived in Israel for seven years, then moved to New York. She gave her first concert when she was six years old, gave her first performance as soloist with orchestra when she was twelve, and performed for Arthur Rubinstein when she was sixteen. Rubinsky studied with Vlado Perlemuter, Beveridge Webster, Jacob Lateiner, Olga Normanha and William Daghlian, and graduated from the Juilliard School with a Doctor of Arts degree.",
"title": "Sonia Rubinsky"
},
{
"idx": 18,
"is_supporting": true,
"paragraph_text": "Six to Midnight is the sixth studio album by Australian post-grunge band Grinspoon, released through Chk Chk Boom Records and Universal Music on 11 September 2009. \"Dogs\" was the first song made available to the public, being released for free over the internet before the album's release. \"Comeback\" is the album's first single.",
"title": "Six to Midnight"
},
{
"idx": 19,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "President of the European Council Emblem of European Council Incumbent Donald Tusk since 1 December 2014 Residence Brussels, Belgium Appointer European Council by qualified majority Term length Two years and six months, renewable once Inaugural holder Herman Van Rompuy Formation 1 December 2009 Website President of the European Council",
"title": "President of the European Council"
}
],
"question": "In which year was the performer of Six to Midnight formed?",
"question_decomposition": [
{
"answer": "Grinspoon",
"id": 417222,
"paragraph_support_idx": 18,
"question": "Six to Midnight >> performer"
},
{
"answer": "1995",
"id": 127375,
"paragraph_support_idx": 3,
"question": "Which year witnessed the formation of #1 ?"
}
]
} |
2hop__850870_543877 | What country hosted the 2004 Summer olympics in the city Alleycat's Pizza's headquarters is located? | tw | [
"tw",
"TW",
"Chinese Taipei"
] | {
"answer": "tw",
"answer_aliases": [
"TW",
"Chinese Taipei"
],
"answerable": true,
"id": "2hop__850870_543877",
"paragraphs": [
{
"idx": 0,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Brentjens won a gold medal for mountain biking in the 1996 Summer Olympics, the first to recognize cross-country mountain biking as an event. He followed this with bronze in the 2004 Summer Olympics. Previously he won gold at the 1995 UCI Mountain Bike & Trials World Championships. In 2007 he became 10th time Dutch National champion",
"title": "Bart Brentjens"
},
{
"idx": 1,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "In 2022, Beijing will become the only city that has held both the summer and the winter Olympic Games. Nine cities will have hosted the Olympic Games more than once: Athens (1896 and 2004 Summer Olympics), Paris (1900, 1924 and 2024 Summer Olympics), London (1908, 1948 and 2012 Summer Olympics), St. Moritz (1928 and 1948 Winter Olympics), Lake Placid (1932 and 1980 Winter Olympics), Los Angeles (1932, 1984 and 2028 Summer Olympics), Innsbruck (1964 and 1976 Winter Olympics), Tokyo (1964 and 2020 Summer Olympics) and Beijing (2008 Summer Olympics and 2022 Winter Olympics). In addition, Stockholm hosted the 1912 Summer Olympics and the equestrian portion of the 1956 Summer Olympics. London became the first city to have hosted three Games with the 2012 Summer Olympics. Paris will become the second city to do this with the 2024 Summer Olympics, followed by Los Angeles as the third in 2028. The United States has hosted a total of eight Olympic Games, more than any other country, followed by France with five editions. Canada, Germany, Italy, Japan, and the United Kingdom have each hosted three Games.",
"title": "List of Olympic Games host cities"
},
{
"idx": 2,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Sven Thiele (born 12 May 1969 in Merseburg) is a German former wrestler who competed in the 1996 Summer Olympics, in the 2000 Summer Olympics, and in the 2004 Summer Olympics.",
"title": "Sven Thiele"
},
{
"idx": 3,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "He won the silver medal in sailing at the 1996 Summer Olympics in Atlanta. He also competed at the 2000, 2004 and 2008 Olympics, but has not won another medal. He placed 7th in both the 2000 and 2004 Summer Olympics. At the 2008 Summer Olympics, he was the Belgian flag bearer during the opening ceremony. He ultimately placed 12th alongside his helmsman Carolijn Brouwer in the Tornado-class.",
"title": "Sébastien Godefroid"
},
{
"idx": 4,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "You Wenhui (; born October 20, 1979 in Shanghai) is a female Chinese beach volleyball player who competed in the 2004 Summer Olympics.",
"title": "You Wenhui"
},
{
"idx": 5,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Francesco Postiglione (born 29 April 1972 in Naples) is a former swimmer and water polo player from Italy, who represented his native country at four Summer Olympics: 1992, 1996, 2000 and 2004. At his Olympic debut he competed as a breaststroke swimmer (1992). Four years later he claimed the bronze medal with the men's national team at the 1996 Summer Olympics in Atlanta, USA.",
"title": "Francesco Postiglione"
},
{
"idx": 6,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Andrea Tóth (born October 4, 1980 in Budapest) is a female water polo player from Hungary, who competed for her native country at the 2004 Summer Olympics in Athens, Greece.",
"title": "Andrea Tóth"
},
{
"idx": 7,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Catharina \"Tini\" Wilhelmina Wagner (17 December 1919, Amsterdam – 2 June 2004, Soest) was a freestyle swimmer from the Netherlands, who represented her native country at the 1936 Summer Olympics in Berlin, Germany.",
"title": "Tini Wagner"
},
{
"idx": 8,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Leonardo Binchi (born 27 August 1975) is an Italian water polo player who competed in the 2000 Summer Olympics, in the 2004 Summer Olympics, and in the 2008 Summer Olympics.",
"title": "Leonardo Binchi"
},
{
"idx": 9,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Claudio Liverziani (born 4 March 1975) is an Italian baseball player who competed in the 1996 Summer Olympics, in the 2000 Summer Olympics, and in the 2004 Summer Olympics. He also competed in the 2006 World Baseball Classic.",
"title": "Claudio Liverziani"
},
{
"idx": 10,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Shen Jianqiang (born 5 August 1964) is a Chinese former swimmer who competed in the 1984 Summer Olympics, in the 1988 Summer Olympics, and in the 1992 Summer Olympics. Zhou Ming was his coach during the peak of his swimming career.",
"title": "Shen Jianqiang"
},
{
"idx": 11,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Gao Chang (born January 29, 1987 in Jinan, Shandong, China) is a female Chinese swimmer, who competed at the 2004 Summer Olympics and who was a part of China's 2008 Olympic Team. She was part of the Chinese 4 x 100 m medley relay team at the 2012 Summer Olympics. Gao Chang won the gold in the 50-metre backstroke final of 2010 Asian Games.",
"title": "Gao Chang"
},
{
"idx": 12,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Okka Rau (born January 5, 1977 in Leer, Lower Saxony) is a female beach volleyball player from Germany, who won the gold medal at the 2003 European Championships in Alanya, partnering Stephanie Pohl. She represented her native country at the 2004 Summer Olympics in Athens, Greece and the 2008 Summer Olympics in Beijing, China.",
"title": "Okka Rau"
},
{
"idx": 13,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Simone Kuhn (born 2 September 1980 in Wattwil) is a female professional beach volleyball player from Switzerland, who represented her native country at the beach volleyball tournaments of the 2004 Summer Olympics in Athens, Greece, the 2008 Summer Olympics in Beijing and the 2012 Summer Olympics in London. In 2004, she partnered with Nicole Schnyder and lost all three pool matches. In 2008, she played alongside Lea Schwer and again lost all pool matches. In 2012, she partnered with Nadine Zumkehr and the pair reached the round of 16 where they were eliminated by the American pair of Jennifer Kessy and April Ross who went on to win silver.",
"title": "Simone Kuhn"
},
{
"idx": 14,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Chana Masson (born 18 December 1978 in Capinzal) is a Brazilian handball goalkeeper, who plays for Storhamar HE in Norway. She has represented the Brazilian national team in four Olympics. She participated at the 2000 Summer Olympics in Sydney, at the 2004 Summer Olympics in Athens, the 2008 Summer Olympics in Beijing and the 2012 Summer Olympics in London.",
"title": "Chana Masson"
},
{
"idx": 15,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Michelle Ballentine (born 31 August 1975, in Saint Catherine Parish) is a retired Jamaican athlete who specialised in the 800 metres. She represented her country at the 2004 Summer Olympics reaching the semifinals.",
"title": "Michelle Ballentine"
},
{
"idx": 16,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Roberto Calcaterra (born February 2, 1972 in Civitavecchia) is a retired water polo defense player from Italy, who represented his native country at the 1996 Summer Olympics in Atlanta, Georgia. There he won the bronze medal with the men's national team. Calcaterra also competed at the 2004 Summer Olympics in Athens, Greece.",
"title": "Roberto Calcaterra"
},
{
"idx": 17,
"is_supporting": true,
"paragraph_text": "Alleycat's Pizza, usually referred to simply as Alleycat's, is a pizzeria chain restaurant that started in Taipei, Taiwan, in 2004. From its humble origins in the tiny basement level of a building on Lishui Street, it has expanded to nine locations throughout Taipei.",
"title": "Alleycat's Pizza"
},
{
"idx": 18,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Lee Mi-sun (born 19 February 1979) is a Korean former basketball player who competed in the 2000 Summer Olympics, in the 2004 Summer Olympics, and in the 2008 Summer Olympics.",
"title": "Lee Mi-sun"
},
{
"idx": 19,
"is_supporting": true,
"paragraph_text": "Chinese Taipei left Athens with a total of five Olympic medals (two golds, two silver, and one bronze), being considered its most successful Olympics. Chinese Taipei's highlight of the Games came with a remarkable milestone for taekwondo jin Chen Shih-hsin and Chu Mu-yen, claiming the nation's first ever gold medals in Olympic history. Meanwhile, another taekwondo jin Huang Chih-hsiung picked up his second medal with a sterling silver in the men's lightweight division, adding it to his bronze from Sydney four years earlier.",
"title": "Chinese Taipei at the 2004 Summer Olympics"
}
],
"question": "What country hosted the 2004 Summer olympics in the city Alleycat's Pizza's headquarters is located?",
"question_decomposition": [
{
"answer": "Taipei",
"id": 850870,
"paragraph_support_idx": 17,
"question": "Alleycat's Pizza >> headquarters location"
},
{
"answer": "tw",
"id": 543877,
"paragraph_support_idx": 19,
"question": "Chinese #1 at the 2004 Summer Olympics >> country"
}
]
} |
2hop__756388_99606 | What continent includes the island country where Motuloa is located? | Oceania | [
"Oceania"
] | {
"answer": "Oceania",
"answer_aliases": [],
"answerable": true,
"id": "2hop__756388_99606",
"paragraphs": [
{
"idx": 0,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Compared to the vigorous convergent plate mountain-building of the late Paleozoic, Mesozoic tectonic deformation was comparatively mild. The sole major Mesozoic orogeny occurred in what is now the Arctic, creating the Innuitian orogeny, the Brooks Range, the Verkhoyansk and Cherskiy Ranges in Siberia, and the Khingan Mountains in Manchuria. This orogeny was related to the opening of the Arctic Ocean and subduction of the North China and Siberian cratons under the Pacific Ocean. Nevertheless, the era featured the dramatic rifting of the supercontinent Pangaea. Pangaea gradually split into a northern continent, Laurasia, and a southern continent, Gondwana. This created the passive continental margin that characterizes most of the Atlantic coastline (such as along the U.S. East Coast) today.",
"title": "Mesozoic"
},
{
"idx": 1,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "\"What I'd Say\" is a song written by Robert Byrne and Will Robinson, and recorded by American country music artist Earl Thomas Conley. It was released in October 1988 as the third single from his album, \"The Heart of It All\". \"What I'd Say\" was Earl Thomas Conley's seventeenth number one country single. The single went to number one on the U.S. and Canadian country chart's and spent a total of fourteen weeks on the U.S. country chart.",
"title": "What I'd Say"
},
{
"idx": 2,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "From 1868 onwards, Bismarck monuments were erected in many parts of the German Empire in honour of the long-serving Prussian minister-president and first German \"Reichskanzler\", Prince Otto von Bismarck. Today some of these monuments are on the soil of other countries including France, Poland and Russia as well as the former German colonies on other continents.",
"title": "Bismarck monument"
},
{
"idx": 3,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Argentinosaurus (meaning \"Argentine lizard\") is a genus of titanosaur sauropod dinosaur first discovered by Guillermo Heredia in Argentina. The generic name refers to the country in which it was discovered. The dinosaur lived on the then-island continent of South America somewhere between 97 and 93.5 million years ago, during the Late Cretaceous Period. It is among the largest known dinosaurs.",
"title": "Argentinosaurus"
},
{
"idx": 4,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Tyrannosaurus is a genus of coelurosaurian theropod dinosaur. The species Tyrannosaurus rex (rex meaning ``king ''in Latin), often colloquialy called simply T. rex or T - Rex, is one of the most well - represented of the large theropods. Tyrannosaurus lived throughout what is now western North America, on what was then an island continent known as Laramidia. Tyrannosaurus had a much wider range than other tyrannosaurids. Fossils are found in a variety of rock formations dating to the Maastrichtian age of the upper Cretaceous Period, 68 to 66 million years ago. It was the last known member of the tyrannosaurids, and among the last non-avian dinosaurs to exist before the Cretaceous -- Paleogene extinction event.",
"title": "Tyrannosaurus"
},
{
"idx": 5,
"is_supporting": true,
"paragraph_text": "Football in Tuvalu is played at club and national team level. The Tuvalu national football team trains at the Tuvalu Sports Ground in Funafuti and competes in the Pacific Games. The Tuvalu National Football Association is an associate member of the Oceania Football Confederation (OFC) and is seeking membership in FIFA. The Tuvalu national futsal team participates in the Oceanian Futsal Championship.",
"title": "Tuvalu"
},
{
"idx": 6,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "National Pan-Hellenic Council Data Established 1930 Members 9 Continent North America Country United States Headquarters Decatur, Georgia Organization type Coalition of members",
"title": "National Pan-Hellenic Council"
},
{
"idx": 7,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "New Zealand is not part of the continent of Australia, but of the separate, submerged continent of Zealandia. New Zealand and Australia are both part of the Oceanian sub-region known as Australasia, with New Guinea being in Melanesia. The term Oceania is often used to denote the region encompassing the Australian continent and various islands in the Pacific Ocean that are not included in the seven - continent model.",
"title": "Australia (continent)"
},
{
"idx": 8,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Africa is the world's second - largest and second-most - populous continent (the first being Asia). At about 30.3 million km (11.7 million square miles) including adjacent islands, it covers 6% of Earth's total surface area and 20.4% of its total land area. With 1.2 billion people as of 2016, it accounts for about 16% of the world's human population. The continent is surrounded by the Mediterranean Sea to the north, both the Suez Canal and the Red Sea along the Sinai Peninsula to the northeast, the Indian Ocean to the southeast and the Atlantic Ocean to the west. The continent includes Madagascar and various archipelagos. It contains 54 fully recognised sovereign states (countries), nine territories and two de facto independent states with limited or no recognition.",
"title": "Africa"
},
{
"idx": 9,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "The Four Continents, also known as The Four Rivers of Paradise, is a painting by Flemish artist Peter Paul Rubens, made in the 1610s. It depicts the female personifications of, what, at the time, were believed to be four continents (Europe, Asia, Africa and America) sitting with the personifications of their respective major rivers – the Danube, the Ganges, the Nile and the Río de la Plata. Europe is shown on the left, Africa in the middle, Asia on the right and America behind it, to the left. The tigress, protecting the cubs from the crocodile, is used as a symbol of Asia. The personification of the Danube holds a rudder. The bottom part of the painting shows several putti. Painted during a period of truce between the Dutch Republic and Spain, the river allegories and their female companions in a lush, bountiful setting reflect the conditions that Rubens hoped would return to Antwerp after military hostilities.",
"title": "The Four Continents"
},
{
"idx": 10,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Central America (Spanish: América Central, Centroamérica) is the southernmost, isthmian portion of the North American continent, which connects with the South American continent on the southeast. Central America is bordered by Mexico to the north, Colombia to the southeast, the Caribbean Sea to the east, and the Pacific Ocean to the west. Central America consists of seven countries: Belize, Costa Rica, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Nicaragua, and Panama. The combined population of Central America is between 41,739,000 (2009 estimate) and 42,688,190 (2012 estimate).",
"title": "Central America"
},
{
"idx": 11,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "At the time of the Berlin Conference, Africa contained one-fifth of the world’s population living in one-quarter of the world’s land area. However, from Europe's perspective, they were dividing an unknown continent. European countries established a few coastal colonies in Africa by the mid-nineteenth century, which included Cape Colony (Great Britain), Angola (Portugal), and Algeria (France), but until the late nineteenth century Europe largely traded with free African states without feeling the need for territorial possession. Until the 1880s most of Africa remained unchartered, with western maps from the period generally showing blank spaces for the continent’s interior.",
"title": "Modern history"
},
{
"idx": 12,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "This is a list of island countries. An island is a land mass (smaller than a continent) that is surrounded by water. Many island countries are spread over an archipelago, as is the case with the Federated States of Micronesia and the Indonesia (which consists of thousands of islands). Others consist of a single island, such as Nauru, or part of an island, such as Haiti. Although Australia is designated as a continent, it is often referred to as an island, as it has no land borders. Some declared island countries are not universally recognized as politically independent, such as Northern Cyprus. Some states, such as Taiwan, officially claim to hold continental territories but are de facto limited to control over islands.",
"title": "List of island countries"
},
{
"idx": 13,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Peter Guttman is an American author, photographer, lecturer, television personality and adventurer who has traveled on assignment through over 230 countries and seven continents.",
"title": "Peter Guttman (photographer)"
},
{
"idx": 14,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "It was also in his inaugural address that John F. Kennedy spoke his famous words, ``ask not what your country can do for you, ask what you can do for your country. ''This use of chiasmus can be seen even as a thesis statement of his speech -- a call to action for the public to do what is right for the greater good.",
"title": "Inauguration of John F. Kennedy"
},
{
"idx": 15,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Until 1983, the examination was limited to United Kingdom wine importers, merchants and retailers. The first non-UK Master of Wine was awarded in 1988. As of October 2017, there are 369 MWs in the world, living in 29 countries. The MWs are spread across 5 continents, wherein UK has 208 MWs, USA has 45 MWs, Australia has 24 MWs and France only has 16 MWs. There are 9 countries with 1 MW each on the list.",
"title": "Master of Wine"
},
{
"idx": 16,
"is_supporting": true,
"paragraph_text": "Motuloa or Motulua is a very small island on the north of Nukufetau in Tuvalu. It is an oval with a length of 200 m, and lies between Teafuanonu (on the west) and Teafuaniua (on the east).",
"title": "Motuloa (north of Nukufetau)"
},
{
"idx": 17,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Six of the Earth's seven continents are permanently inhabited on a large scale. Asia is the most populous continent, with its 4.54 billion inhabitants accounting for 60% of the world population. The world's two most populated countries, China and India, together constitute about 37% of the world's population. Africa is the second most populated continent, with around 1.28 billion people, or 16% of the world's population. Europe's 742 million people make up 10% of the world's population as of 2018, while the Latin American and Caribbean regions are home to around 651 million (9%). Northern America, primarily consisting of the United States and Canada, has a population of around 363 million (5%), and Oceania, the least - populated region, has about 41 million inhabitants (0.5%). Though it is not permanently inhabited by any fixed population, Antarctica has a small, fluctuating international population based mainly in polar science stations. This population tends to rise in the summer months and decrease significantly in winter, as visiting researchers return to their home countries.",
"title": "World population"
},
{
"idx": 18,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "The first European to colonize what is now the Federative Republic of Brazil on the continent of South America was Pedro Álvares Cabral (c. 1467 / 1468 - c. 1520) on April 22, 1500 under the sponsorship of the Kingdom of Portugal. From the 16th to the early 19th century, Brazil was a colony and a part of the Portuguese Empire. The country expanded south along the coast and west along the Amazon and other inland rivers from the original 15 donatary captaincy colonies established on the northeast Atlantic coast east of the Tordesillas Line of 1494 (approximately the 46th meridian west) that divided the Portuguese domain to the east from the Spanish domain to the west. The country's borders were only finalized in the early 20th century.",
"title": "History of Brazil"
},
{
"idx": 19,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Six of the Earth's seven continents are permanently inhabited on a large scale. Asia is the most populous continent, with its 4.3 billion inhabitants accounting for 60% of the world population. The world's two most populated countries, China and India, together constitute about 37% of the world's population. Africa is the second most populated continent, with around 1 billion people, or 15% of the world's population. Europe's 733 million people make up 12% of the world's population as of 2012, while the Latin American and Caribbean regions are home to around 600 million (9%). Northern America, primarily consisting of the United States and Canada, has a population of around 352 million (5%), and Oceania, the least - populated region, has about 35 million inhabitants (0.5%). Though it is not permanently inhabited by any fixed population, Antarctica has a small, fluctuating international population based mainly in polar science stations. This population tends to rise in the summer months and decrease significantly in winter, as visiting researchers return to their home countries.",
"title": "World population"
}
],
"question": "What continent includes the island country where Motuloa is located?",
"question_decomposition": [
{
"answer": "Tuvalu",
"id": 756388,
"paragraph_support_idx": 16,
"question": "Motuloa >> country"
},
{
"answer": "Oceania",
"id": 99606,
"paragraph_support_idx": 5,
"question": "The continent of #1 is what?"
}
]
} |
2hop__144372_41141 | How many people, at most, have died of plague in the city where Ammo Baba was born? | two-thirds of its population | [
"two-thirds of its population"
] | {
"answer": "two-thirds of its population",
"answer_aliases": [],
"answerable": true,
"id": "2hop__144372_41141",
"paragraphs": [
{
"idx": 0,
"is_supporting": true,
"paragraph_text": "Emmanuel Baba Dawud better known as Ammo Baba (Arabic: عمو بابا, ) (born 27 November 1934 in Baghdad, Iraq – 27 May 2009 in Dohuk, Iraq), was an Iraqi football player and coach of the Iraq national football team. He scored the first international goal for Iraq in 1957 against Morocco at the 2nd Pan Arab Games in Beirut and later returned to the team as the coach in 1978. He is of Assyrian ethnicity.",
"title": "Ammo Baba"
},
{
"idx": 1,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Scheherazade / ʃəˌhɛrəˈzɑːd, - də /, or Shahrazad (Arabic: شهرزاد Šahrazād, derived from Middle Persian Čehrāzād), is a character and the storyteller in One Thousand and One Nights. This book includes the tales of Aladdin, Ali Baba and many more.",
"title": "Scheherazade"
},
{
"idx": 2,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Baba Ghassem mausoleum () is a historical mausoleum in Isfahan, Iran. It dates back to the 14th century. It is well known for its beautiful mihrab and dome. It is located to the north of Jameh Mosque of Isfahan. It was repaired and revamped in the Safavid era. Baba Ghassem was one of the prominent faqihs in Isfahan. One of his devotees built the Emamieh school for him, when Baba Ghassem was alive and after Baba Ghassem's death he built this mausoleum for him. The tomb has brick and tile decorations. Its dome is pyramidical. This mausoleum was very respected in the past, so that people swore to it beside the tomb for proving that they are telling the truth. On the below part of the dome of the structure, one of the names of Allah has been written in the Bannai script.",
"title": "Baba Ghassem Mausoleum"
},
{
"idx": 3,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Gufa Shiv Bhagat- Baba Balak Nath Temple is a Hindu temple located in the Jamaica neighborhood Queens in New York City, and is devoted to the Hindu deity Baba Balak Nath. This temple opens everyday from 7:00 am to 8:30 pm.",
"title": "Gufa Shiv Bhagat- Baba Balak Nath Temple"
},
{
"idx": 4,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Saint Catherine of Genoa (Caterina Fieschi Adorno, 1447 – 15 September 1510) was an Italian Roman Catholic saint and mystic, admired for her work among the sick and the poor and remembered because of various writings describing both these actions and her mystical experiences. She was a member of the noble Fieschi family, and spent most of her life and her means serving the sick, especially during the plague which ravaged Genoa in 1497 and 1501. She died in that city in 1510.",
"title": "Catherine of Genoa"
},
{
"idx": 5,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "In England, in the absence of census figures, historians propose a range of preincident population figures from as high as 7 million to as low as 4 million in 1300, and a postincident population figure as low as 2 million. By the end of 1350, the Black Death subsided, but it never really died out in England. Over the next few hundred years, further outbreaks occurred in 1361–62, 1369, 1379–83, 1389–93, and throughout the first half of the 15th century. An outbreak in 1471 took as much as 10–15% of the population, while the death rate of the plague of 1479–80 could have been as high as 20%. The most general outbreaks in Tudor and Stuart England seem to have begun in 1498, 1535, 1543, 1563, 1589, 1603, 1625, and 1636, and ended with the Great Plague of London in 1665.",
"title": "Black Death"
},
{
"idx": 6,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "The first European epidemic of the bubonic plague dates back to the mid 6th century and is called the Plague of Justinian. The largest plague epidemic was the Black Death in Europe in the 14th century. In medieval times, the large loss of people (due to the bubonic plague) in a town created an economic disaster. Community plague doctors were quite valuable and were given special privileges; for example, plague doctors were freely allowed to perform autopsies, which were otherwise generally forbidden in Medieval Europe, to research a cure for the plague.In some cases, plague doctors were so valuable that when Barcelona dispatched two to Tortosa in 1650, outlaws captured them en route and demanded a ransom. The city of Barcelona paid for their release. The city of Orvieto hired Matteo fu Angelo in 1348 for four times the normal rate of a doctor of 50-florin per year. Pope Clement VI hired several extra plague doctors during the Black Death plague. They were to attend to the sick people of Avignon. Of 18 doctors in Venice, only one was left by 1348: five had died of the plague, and 12 were missing and may have fled.",
"title": "Plague doctor"
},
{
"idx": 7,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Classical immunology ties in with the fields of epidemiology and medicine. It studies the relationship between the body systems, pathogens, and immunity. The earliest written mention of immunity can be traced back to the plague of Athens in 430 BCE. Thucydides noted that people who had recovered from a previous bout of the disease could nurse the sick without contracting the illness a second time. Many other ancient societies have references to this phenomenon, but it was not until the 19th and 20th centuries before the concept developed into scientific theory.",
"title": "Immunology"
},
{
"idx": 8,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "The dominant explanation for the Black Death is the plague theory, which attributes the outbreak to Yersinia pestis, also responsible for an epidemic that began in southern China in 1865, eventually spreading to India. The investigation of the pathogen that caused the 19th-century plague was begun by teams of scientists who visited Hong Kong in 1894, among whom was the French-Swiss bacteriologist Alexandre Yersin, after whom the pathogen was named Yersinia pestis. The mechanism by which Y. pestis was usually transmitted was established in 1898 by Paul-Louis Simond and was found to involve the bites of fleas whose midguts had become obstructed by replicating Y. pestis several days after feeding on an infected host. This blockage results in starvation and aggressive feeding behaviour by the fleas, which repeatedly attempt to clear their blockage by regurgitation, resulting in thousands of plague bacteria being flushed into the feeding site, infecting the host. The bubonic plague mechanism was also dependent on two populations of rodents: one resistant to the disease, which act as hosts, keeping the disease endemic, and a second that lack resistance. When the second population dies, the fleas move on to other hosts, including people, thus creating a human epidemic.",
"title": "Black Death"
},
{
"idx": 9,
"is_supporting": true,
"paragraph_text": "The Black Death ravaged much of the Islamic world. Plague was present in at least one location in the Islamic world virtually every year between 1500 and 1850. Plague repeatedly struck the cities of North Africa. Algiers lost 30 to 50 thousand inhabitants to it in 1620–21, and again in 1654–57, 1665, 1691, and 1740–42. Plague remained a major event in Ottoman society until the second quarter of the 19th century. Between 1701 and 1750, thirty-seven larger and smaller epidemics were recorded in Constantinople, and an additional thirty-one between 1751 and 1800. Baghdad has suffered severely from visitations of the plague, and sometimes two-thirds of its population has been wiped out.",
"title": "Black Death"
},
{
"idx": 10,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Baba Ana is a commune in Prahova County, Romania. It is composed of five villages: Baba Ana, Cireșanu, Conduratu, Crângurile and Satu Nou.",
"title": "Baba Ana"
},
{
"idx": 11,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "The plague struck various countries in the Middle East during the pandemic, leading to serious depopulation and permanent change in both economic and social structures. As it spread to western Europe, the disease entered the region from southern Russia also. By autumn 1347, the plague reached Alexandria in Egypt, probably through the port's trade with Constantinople, and ports on the Black Sea. During 1347, the disease travelled eastward to Gaza, and north along the eastern coast to cities in Lebanon, Syria and Palestine, including Ashkelon, Acre, Jerusalem, Sidon, Damascus, Homs, and Aleppo. In 1348–49, the disease reached Antioch. The city's residents fled to the north, most of them dying during the journey, but the infection had been spread to the people of Asia Minor.[citation needed]",
"title": "Black Death"
},
{
"idx": 12,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "In 1466, perhaps 40,000 people died of the plague in Paris. During the 16th and 17th centuries, the plague was present in Paris around 30 per cent of the time. The Black Death ravaged Europe for three years before it continued on into Russia, where the disease was present somewhere in the country 25 times between 1350 to 1490. Plague epidemics ravaged London in 1563, 1593, 1603, 1625, 1636, and 1665, reducing its population by 10 to 30% during those years. Over 10% of Amsterdam's population died in 1623–25, and again in 1635–36, 1655, and 1664. Plague occurred in Venice 22 times between 1361 and 1528. The plague of 1576–77 killed 50,000 in Venice, almost a third of the population. Late outbreaks in central Europe included the Italian Plague of 1629–1631, which is associated with troop movements during the Thirty Years' War, and the Great Plague of Vienna in 1679. Over 60% of Norway's population died in 1348–50. The last plague outbreak ravaged Oslo in 1654.",
"title": "Black Death"
},
{
"idx": 13,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Ma Jaya Sati Bhagavati (died April 14, 2012) was a spiritual teacher born to Jewish parents in Brooklyn, United States. Her outlook has been influenced by Jesus Christ and the Hindu saint Bhagawan Nityananda. She has also been informed by the teachings of Neem Karoli Baba, Ramana Maharshi, Narish Keit, and Shirdi Sai Baba.",
"title": "Ma Jaya"
},
{
"idx": 14,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Dur Baba () is a district in the southeast of Nangarhar Province, Afghanistan, bordering Pakistan. The district centre is the village of Dur Baba. The population is 29,197 (2002).",
"title": "Dur Baba District"
},
{
"idx": 15,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Plague 99 () is a 1989 novel written by Jean Ure. It tells the story of a pandemic that shuts down London, and a group of three teenagers that survive the outbreak. The book takes an apocalyptic view and details the experiences of the three principal characters at the end of the year 1999, as the plague wipes out the population of London in the course of a few weeks. It was written during the Cold War and reflects many aspects of the fears of the time. The principal characters are Fran, her best friend Harriet, and a schoolmate, Shahid.",
"title": "Plague 99"
},
{
"idx": 16,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "The Black Death was one of the most devastating pandemics in human history, resulting in the deaths of an estimated 75 to 200 million people in Eurasia and peaking in Europe from 1346 to 1353. The bacterium Yersinia pestis, resulting in several forms of plague, is believed to have been the cause. The plague created a series of religious, social, and economic upheavals, which had profound effects on the course of European history.",
"title": "Black Death"
},
{
"idx": 17,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Approximately one-third of East Prussia's population died in the plague and famine of 1709–1711, including the last speakers of Old Prussian. The plague, probably brought by foreign troops during the Great Northern War, killed 250,000 East Prussians, especially in the province's eastern regions. Crown Prince Frederick William I led the rebuilding of East Prussia, founding numerous towns. Thousands of Protestants expelled from the Archbishopric of Salzburg were allowed to settle in depleted East Prussia. The province was overrun by Imperial Russian troops during the Seven Years' War.",
"title": "East Prussia"
},
{
"idx": 18,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "The plague disease, caused by Yersinia pestis, is enzootic (commonly present) in populations of fleas carried by ground rodents, including marmots, in various areas including Central Asia, Kurdistan, Western Asia, Northern India and Uganda. Nestorian graves dating to 1338–39 near Lake Issyk Kul in Kyrgyzstan have inscriptions referring to plague and are thought by many epidemiologists to mark the outbreak of the epidemic, from which it could easily have spread to China and India. In October 2010, medical geneticists suggested that all three of the great waves of the plague originated in China. In China, the 13th century Mongol conquest caused a decline in farming and trading. However, economic recovery had been observed at the beginning of the 14th century. In the 1330s a large number of natural disasters and plagues led to widespread famine, starting in 1331, with a deadly plague arriving soon after. Epidemics that may have included plague killed an estimated 25 million Chinese and other Asians during the 15 years before it reached Constantinople in 1347.",
"title": "Black Death"
},
{
"idx": 19,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "During the British Raj, famines in India, often attributed to failed government policies, were some of the worst ever recorded, including the Great Famine of 1876–78 in which 6.1 million to 10.3 million people died and the Indian famine of 1899–1900 in which 1.25 to 10 million people died. The Third Plague Pandemic in the mid-19th century killed 10 million people in India. Despite persistent diseases and famines, the population of the Indian subcontinent, which stood at about 125 million in 1750, had reached 389 million by 1941.",
"title": "History of India"
}
],
"question": "How many people, at most, have died of plague in the city where Ammo Baba was born?",
"question_decomposition": [
{
"answer": "Baghdad",
"id": 144372,
"paragraph_support_idx": 0,
"question": "What is Ammo Baba's birthplace?"
},
{
"answer": "two-thirds of its population",
"id": 41141,
"paragraph_support_idx": 9,
"question": "How many people, at most, have died of plague in #1 ?"
}
]
} |
2hop__699409_467995 | What is the record label of the Dirrty singer? | RCA Records | [
"RCA Records",
"RCA"
] | {
"answer": "RCA Records",
"answer_aliases": [
"RCA"
],
"answerable": true,
"id": "2hop__699409_467995",
"paragraphs": [
{
"idx": 0,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Top and Bottom Brass is an album by trumpeter Clark Terry featuring performances recorded in early 1959 and originally released on the Riverside label.",
"title": "Top and Bottom Brass"
},
{
"idx": 1,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Straight No Filter is an album by jazz saxophonist Hank Mobley, recorded mostly in 1963 but not released on the Blue Note label until 1985. The albums compiles performances recorded at four different sessions from 1963 to 1966.",
"title": "Straight No Filter"
},
{
"idx": 2,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Benson & Farrell is the fourteenth album by American guitarist George Benson and jazz saxophonist and flutist Joe Farrell featuring performances recorded in 1976 and released on the CTI label.",
"title": "Benson & Farrell"
},
{
"idx": 3,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Collaboration is an album by American jazz group the Modern Jazz Quartet with Brazilian guitarist Laurindo Almeida featuring performances recorded at Webster Hall in 1964 and released on the Atlantic label.",
"title": "Collaboration (Modern Jazz Quartet and Laurindo Almeida album)"
},
{
"idx": 4,
"is_supporting": true,
"paragraph_text": "Lotus is the seventh studio album by American singer and songwriter Christina Aguilera. RCA Records released the album on November 9, 2012. Its music incorporates pop styles with elements of dance-pop, rock in the form of upbeat songs and piano-driven ballads. Aguilera described the album as a \"rebirth\", drawing inspiration from events in her life, her appearance on \"The Voice\", and her divorce. The album was recorded at Aguilera's home studio. As executive producer, she collaborated with a wide range of producers, including new partners Alex da Kid, Max Martin, Lucas Secon and Tracklacers.",
"title": "Lotus (Christina Aguilera album)"
},
{
"idx": 5,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Matador is an album by American jazz trumpeter Kenny Dorham featuring performances recorded in 1962 and released on the United Artists label.",
"title": "Matador (Kenny Dorham album)"
},
{
"idx": 6,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Carryin' On is an album by American jazz guitarist Grant Green featuring performances recorded in 1969 and released on the Blue Note label. The album marked Green's return to the Blue Note label and embracing a jazz-funk style that he would play for the rest of his life.",
"title": "Carryin' On"
},
{
"idx": 7,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Easterly Winds is an album by American jazz pianist Jack Wilson featuring performances recorded and released on the Blue Note label in 1967.",
"title": "Easterly Winds"
},
{
"idx": 8,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Work Time is an album by jazz saxophonist Sonny Rollins, recorded for the Prestige label, featuring performances by Rollins with Ray Bryant, George Morrow, and Max Roach.",
"title": "Work Time"
},
{
"idx": 9,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "30th Anniversary Tour: Live is the fourth live album by George Thorogood and the Destroyers. It was recorded on May 4, 2004 at the Royal Concert Hall in Nottingham, England, and on October 19, 2004 on the Eagle Records label. The performance was also released on DVD, and as a CD/DVD collectors' edition.",
"title": "30th Anniversary Tour: Live"
},
{
"idx": 10,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Bach to the Blues is an album performed by the Ramsey Lewis Trio that was recorded in 1964 and released on the Argo label.",
"title": "Bach to the Blues"
},
{
"idx": 11,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Red and Black in Willisau is a live album by American jazz saxophonist Dewey Redman and drummer Ed Blackwell featuring performances recorded at the Willisau Jazz Festival in 1980 for the Italian Black Saint label.",
"title": "Red and Black in Willisau"
},
{
"idx": 12,
"is_supporting": true,
"paragraph_text": "Performances included a rendition of \"Dirrty\" from Christina Aguilera featuring Redman as they performed in a boxing ring with Christina sporting leather chaps. Pink, Bon Jovi and Foo Fighters each performed as did Coldplay and Eminem, both making their EMA debut.",
"title": "2002 MTV Europe Music Awards"
},
{
"idx": 13,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Antoine Marchand is a record label established in 2003 by the Dutch early music performer Ton Koopman. Antoine Marchand is the French translation of Ton Koopman. The label is distributed by Dutch Jazz and classics distributor Challenge.",
"title": "Antoine Marchand"
},
{
"idx": 14,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "The Voice That Is! is an album by American jazz vocalist Johnny Hartman featuring performances recorded in 1964 for the Impulse! label.",
"title": "The Voice That Is!"
},
{
"idx": 15,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Fly with the Wind is a 1976 album by jazz pianist McCoy Tyner, his ninth to be released on the Milestone label. It was recorded in January 1976 and features performances by Tyner with band and string section.",
"title": "Fly with the Wind"
},
{
"idx": 16,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Nirvana is an album by jazz flautist Herbie Mann with Bill Evans's Trio featuring Chuck Israels and Paul Motian, released in 1964 on the Atlantic label and featuring performances recorded in 1961 and 1962.",
"title": "Nirvana (Herbie Mann and the Bill Evans Trio album)"
},
{
"idx": 17,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Jamal Plays Jamal is an album by American jazz pianist Ahmad Jamal featuring performances recorded in 1974 and released on the 20th Century label.",
"title": "Jamal Plays Jamal"
},
{
"idx": 18,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "African Venus is an album by American jazz saxophonist Dewey Redman featuring performances recorded in 1992 and released on the Evidence label.",
"title": "African Venus"
},
{
"idx": 19,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Really Big! is the second album by saxophonist Jimmy Heath featuring big band performances recorded in 1960 and originally released on the Riverside label.",
"title": "Really Big!"
}
],
"question": "What is the record label of the Dirrty singer?",
"question_decomposition": [
{
"answer": "Christina Aguilera",
"id": 699409,
"paragraph_support_idx": 12,
"question": "Dirrty >> performer"
},
{
"answer": "RCA Records",
"id": 467995,
"paragraph_support_idx": 4,
"question": "#1 >> record label"
}
]
} |
2hop__574295_43495 | Who is the Minister of Defense in the country where Chongwe District is located? | Davies Chama | [
"Davies Chama"
] | {
"answer": "Davies Chama",
"answer_aliases": [],
"answerable": true,
"id": "2hop__574295_43495",
"paragraphs": [
{
"idx": 0,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Belmont Park is a neighbourhood of the District of Colwood, part of the Western Communities area of Greater Victoria, British Columbia, Canada. It is located on Department of National Defence property.",
"title": "Belmont Park, Colwood"
},
{
"idx": 1,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Thein Htaik () is the Union Auditor General of Myanmar, appointed to the post on 7 September 2012. He has served as the Minister for Mines, the Deputy Minister for Transport and was a Colonel in the Myanmar Air Force. He has served as an Inspector General in the Ministry of Defence and is a retired Major General in the Myanmar Army.",
"title": "Thein Htaik"
},
{
"idx": 2,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Colonel General Nguyễn Huy Hiệu (born 1947) is an officer of the Vietnam People's Army and current Deputy Minister of Defence of Vietnam. Enlisted in 1965, Nguyễn Huy Hiệu fought in various battlefields during Vietnam War, especially the Battle of Quảng Trị where he was appointed commander of battalion at the age of 23. Nguyễn Huy Hiệu began to hold the position of Deputy Minister of Defence in 1994.",
"title": "Nguyễn Huy Hiệu"
},
{
"idx": 3,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Rolf Arthur Hansen (23 July 1920 – 26 July 2006) was a Norwegian politician for the Labour Party. He was personal secretary to Minister of Social Affairs 1956-1959, Minister of Defence 1976-1979, and Minister of Environmental Affairs 1979-1981, as well as minister of Nordic cooperation 1980-1981.",
"title": "Rolf Arthur Hansen"
},
{
"idx": 4,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "The Ministers and Chiefs of the Defence Staff are supported by a number of civilian, scientific and professional military advisors. The Permanent Under-Secretary of State for Defence (generally known as the Permanent Secretary) is the senior civil servant at the MoD. His or her role is to ensure the MoD operates effectively as a department of the government.",
"title": "Ministry of Defence (United Kingdom)"
},
{
"idx": 5,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "On 2 March 2011, Merkel announced that Maizière was to take over from Karl-Theodor zu Guttenberg, the federal defence minister who had resigned from office the previous day. On 3 March, he was formally appointed to this post. He held the defence ministry portfolio until 17 December 2013.",
"title": "Thomas de Maizière"
},
{
"idx": 6,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Lieutenant General Trần Hanh (born November 29, 1932) is a pilot of the Vietnam People's Air Force and later Deputy Minister of Defence of Vietnam. During the Vietnam War, Trần Hanh was a MIG-17 pilot and officer of the 921st Regiment, he shot down a F-105D in April 1965. After the war he became the Deputy Chief of the General Staff and later Deputy Minister of Defence of Vietnam before retired in 2000.",
"title": "Trần Hanh"
},
{
"idx": 7,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Vilmos Rőder (11 January 1881 – 13 December 1969) was a Hungarian military officer and politician, who served as Minister of Defence between 1936 and 1938. He fought in the First World War as Chief of Army Staff of Army Corps. He was the triggering of the army development between 1930 and 1934, but he had a conflict with Prime Minister Gyula Gömbös in connection with these plans, that's why he retired. Later the new Prime Minister Kálmán Darányi appointed him as Minister of Defence. He participated in the planning of the Program of Győr. Rőder resigned along with the other members of the cabinet in 1938. Following this he joined to the group of István Bethlen, which opposed entering World War II.",
"title": "Vilmos Rőder"
},
{
"idx": 8,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Nirmala Sitharaman (born 18 August 1959) is an Indian politician of the Bharatiya Janata Party, currently serving as the Minister of Defence in the Narendra Modi government. She is also a member of the Rajya Sabha for Karnataka.",
"title": "Nirmala Sitharaman"
},
{
"idx": 9,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Pavel Sergeyevich Grachev (; 1 January 1948 – 23 September 2012), sometimes transliterated as Grachov, was a Russian Army General and the Defence Minister of the Russian Federation from 1992 to 1996; in 1988 he was awarded Hero of the Soviet Union gold star. As Defence Minister, Grachev gained notoriety because of his military incompetence displayed during the First Chechen War and the persistent allegations of involvement in enormous corruption scandals.",
"title": "Pavel Grachev"
},
{
"idx": 10,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "The MoD has since been regarded as a leader in elaborating the post-Cold War organising concept of \"defence diplomacy\". As a result of the Strategic Defence and Security Review 2010, Prime Minister David Cameron signed a 50-year treaty with French President Nicolas Sarkozy that would have the two countries co-operate intensively in military matters. The UK is establishing air and naval bases in the Persian Gulf, located in the UAE and Bahrain. A presence in Oman is also being considered.",
"title": "Ministry of Defence (United Kingdom)"
},
{
"idx": 11,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Minister of Defence of Sri Lanka Incumbent Maithripala Sirisena since 12th January 2015 Ministry of Defence Inaugural holder Don Stephen Senanayake Formation 24 September 1947 Deputy Ruwan Wijewardene Website www.defence.lk",
"title": "Minister of Defence (Sri Lanka)"
},
{
"idx": 12,
"is_supporting": true,
"paragraph_text": "Chongwe District is a district of Zambia, located in Lusaka Province. The capital lies at Chongwe. As of the 2000 Zambian Census, the district had a population of 137,461 people.",
"title": "Chongwe District"
},
{
"idx": 13,
"is_supporting": true,
"paragraph_text": "Minister Party Term start Term end Alexander Grey Zulu United National Independence Party 1970 1973 Malimba Masheke United National Independence Party 1985 1988 Benjamin Mwila Movement for Multi-Party Democracy 1991 Wamundila Muliokela Movement for Multi-Party Democracy 2005 2006 Kalombo Mwansa Movement for Multi-Party Democracy 2009 Geoffrey Bwalya Mwamba Patriotic Front 2011 2013 Edgar Lungu Patriotic Front 2013 Davies Chama Patriotic Front 2016",
"title": "Ministry of Defence (Zambia)"
},
{
"idx": 14,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Felix Dias Bandaranaike (Sinhala:ෆෙලික්ස් ඩයස් බණඩාරනායක) (5 November 1930 – 26 June 1985) was a Sri Lankan politician who served as Cabinet Minister of Finance, Parliamentary Secretary for the Prime Minister and Defence and External Affairs (\"de facto\" foreign minister) (1960–1965) and Cabinet Minister of Justice (1970–77) in the cabinet of Prime Minister Mrs.Sirimavo Bandaranaike. He was a very popular person about the anti-corruption campaign and also known as the \"\"virtual leader of the state\"\" during the SLFP governments after the death of Prime minister S.W.R.D. Bandaranaike. He was very active in defeating two major coups against the government, one is 1962 attempted military coup and JVP's 1971 JVP Insurrection.",
"title": "Felix Dias Bandaranaike"
},
{
"idx": 15,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "The ministry is headed by a cabinet minister. The current Minister of Defence, since 6 June 2016, is Adolf Mwesige. He is deputised by the Minister of State, currently Colonel Charles Engola Okello.",
"title": "Ministry of Defence and Veterans Affairs (Uganda)"
},
{
"idx": 16,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "The first defence minister of independent India was Baldev Singh, who served in Prime Minister Jawaharlal Nehru's cabinet during 1947 -- 52. Nirmala Sitharaman, the current defence minister of India is the second woman since Indira Gandhi to hold this major post.",
"title": "Minister of Defence (India)"
},
{
"idx": 17,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "30 January is the date observed at the national level. The date was chosen as it marks the assassination of Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi in 1948, by Nathuram Godse. On Martyr's Day the president, the vice president, the prime minister, the defence minister, and the three Service Chiefs gather at the samadhi at Raj Ghat memorial and lay wreaths decorated with multi-colour flowers. The armed forces personnel blow bugles sounding the Last Post. The inter-services contingent reverse arms as a mark of respect. A two - minute silence in memory of Indian martyrs is observed throughout the country at 11 AM. Participants hold all - religion prayers and sing tributes.",
"title": "Martyrs' Day (India)"
},
{
"idx": 18,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Winston Churchill, on forming his government in 1940, created the office of Minister of Defence to exercise ministerial control over the Chiefs of Staff Committee and to co-ordinate defence matters. The post was held by the Prime Minister of the day until Clement Attlee's government introduced the Ministry of Defence Act of 1946. The new ministry was headed by a Minister of Defence who possessed a seat in the Cabinet. The three existing service Ministers—the Secretary of State for War, the First Lord of the Admiralty, and the Secretary of State for Air—remained in direct operational control of their respective services, but ceased to attend Cabinet.",
"title": "Ministry of Defence (United Kingdom)"
},
{
"idx": 19,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Senior officials in the Ministry of Defence hide Name Designation Sanjay Mitra, IAS Defence Secretary Dr. Ajay Kumar, IAS Secretary (Defence Production) Sanjeevanee Kutty, IAS Secretary (Ex-servicemen Welfare) Dr. G. Satheesh Reddy Secretary (Defence Research and Development) and chairman, DRDO Madhulika P. Sukul, IDAS Financial Adviser (Defence Services) Apurva Chandra, IAS Director General (Acquisition) and Additional Secretary Subhash Chandra, IAS Additional Secretary Jiwesh Nandan, IAS Additional Secretary (JN) Barun Mitra, IAS Additional Secretary (Defence Production) Mala Dutt, IES Additional Secretary and Financial Adviser (Acquisition) Major General V.D. Vogra Director General (Resettlement) Major General Ashok Kumar Managing Director, Ex-servicemen Contributory Health Scheme Major General H.S. Shanbhag Technical Manager (Land Systems) Rear Admiral R. Sreenivas Technical Manager (Maritime and Systems) Air Vice Marshal Vishwas Gaur, VM Technical Manager (Air) Vacant Scientific Adviser to Defence Minister",
"title": "Ministry of Defence (India)"
}
],
"question": "Who is the Minister of Defense in the country where Chongwe District is located?",
"question_decomposition": [
{
"answer": "Zambia",
"id": 574295,
"paragraph_support_idx": 12,
"question": "Chongwe District >> country"
},
{
"answer": "Davies Chama",
"id": 43495,
"paragraph_support_idx": 13,
"question": "who is the minister of defence in #1"
}
]
} |
2hop__82854_86951 | When did the player with the highest salary in the NBA in 2018 get his first ring? | 2015 | [
"2015"
] | {
"answer": "2015",
"answer_aliases": [],
"answerable": true,
"id": "2hop__82854_86951",
"paragraphs": [
{
"idx": 0,
"is_supporting": true,
"paragraph_text": "Player Salary Team Stephen Curry $34,682,550 Golden State Warriors LeBron James $33,285,709 Cleveland Cavaliers Paul Millsap $31,269,231 Denver Nuggets Gordon Hayward $29,727,900 Boston Celtics Blake Griffin $29,512,900 Los Angeles Clippers Kyle Lowry $28,703,704 Toronto Raptors Russell Westbrook $28,530,608 Oklahoma City Thunder Mike Conley, Jr. $28,530,608 Memphis Grizzlies James Harden $28,299,399 Houston Rockets DeMar DeRozan $27,739,975 Toronto Raptors",
"title": "Highest-paid NBA players by season"
},
{
"idx": 1,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "The NBA salary cap is the limit to the total amount of money that National Basketball Association teams are allowed to pay their players. Like many professional sports leagues, the NBA has a salary cap to control costs, defined by the league's collective bargaining agreement (CBA). This limit is subject to a complex system of rules and exceptions and as such is considered a soft cap and is calculated as a percentage of the league's revenue from the previous season. Under the CBA ratified in December 2011, the cap will continue to vary in future seasons based on league revenues. For the 2015 -- 16 season, the salary cap was $70 million and the luxury tax limit was $84.74 million. For the 2016 -- 17 season, the salary cap was set at $94.14 million and the luxury tax limit was $113.29 million. For the 2017 -- 18 season, the cap is set at $99 million for the salary cap and $119 million for the luxury tax.",
"title": "NBA salary cap"
},
{
"idx": 2,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "2018 NBA draft General information Date (s) June 21, 2018 Time 7: 00 pm (EDT) Location Barclays Center, Brooklyn, New York Network (s) (US) ESPN, Yahoo Sports First selection Deandre Ayton, Phoenix Suns ← 2017 NBA draft 2019 →",
"title": "2018 NBA draft"
},
{
"idx": 3,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "The highest - paid NBA players by season over the past twelve seasons have received contracts with salaries noted in the twenty - million - dollar range. In this twelve - year span, Kevin Garnett received $28,000,000, which was the highest salary payment of any NBA player, during the 2003 -- 04 season. Garnett has been the highest - paid NBA player per year in seven of the past twelve NBA seasons. Michael Jordan was the first NBA player to sign a contract worth over thirty million dollars in a season. During the 1997 -- 98 season, Jordan earned $33,000,000. Kobe Bryant become just the second player to reach this milestone when the 2013 -- 14 season began. LeBron James became the third in the 2016 -- 17 season. Stephen Curry became the first player to eclipse $40 - Million per year when he signed a record 5 year contract worth $201 - Million in 2017.",
"title": "Highest-paid NBA players by season"
},
{
"idx": 4,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "2017 NBA draft General information Date (s) June 22, 2017 Time 7: 00 pm ET Location Barclays Center, Brooklyn, New York Network (s) (US) ESPN, The Vertical First selection Markelle Fultz, Philadelphia 76ers ← 2016 NBA draft 2018 →",
"title": "2017 NBA draft"
},
{
"idx": 5,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "David Thirdkill (born April 12, 1960) is an American retired basketball player who was selected by the Phoenix Suns in the first round (15th overall) of the 1982 NBA draft. A small forward from the College of Southern Idaho and Bradley University, Thirdkill played in five NBA seasons from 1982 to 1987. Born in St. Louis, Missouri and nicknamed \"The Sheriff\", he played for the Suns, Detroit Pistons, Milwaukee Bucks, San Antonio Spurs and Boston Celtics. He earned a championship ring with the 1985-86 Celtics.",
"title": "David Thirdkill"
},
{
"idx": 6,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "The 2018 NFL League year began on March 14. On March 12, clubs were allowed to contact and enter into contract negotiations with the agents of players who were to become unrestricted free agents upon the expiration of their contracts two days later. On March 9, clubs were allowed to exercise options for 2018 on players who have option clauses in their contracts, submit qualifying offers to their pending restricted free agents, and submit a Minimum Salary Tender to retain exclusive negotiating rights to their players with expiring 2017 contracts and who have fewer than three accrued seasons of free agent credit. Teams were required to be under the salary cap using the ``Top - 51 ''definition (in which the 51 highest paid - players on the team's payroll must have a collected salary cap hit below the actual cap). The 2018 trading period also began March 14.",
"title": "2018 NFL season"
},
{
"idx": 7,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "The 2018 NBA draft was held on June 21, 2018, at Barclays Center in Brooklyn, New York. National Basketball Association (NBA) teams took turns selecting amateur United States college basketball players and other eligible players, including international players. It was televised nationally by ESPN. This draft was the last to use the original weighted lottery system that gave teams near the bottom of the NBA draft better odds at the top three picks of the draft while teams higher up had worse odds in the process; the rule was agreed upon by the NBA on September 28, 2017, but would not be implemented until the 2019 draft. It was also considered the final year where undrafted college underclassmen were forced to begin their professional careers early; on August 8, 2018, the NCAA announced that players who declared for the NBA draft and were not selected would have the opportunity to return to their school for at least another year. With the last year of what was, at the time, the most recent lottery system (with the NBA draft lottery being held in Chicago instead of in New York), the Phoenix Suns won the first overall pick on May 15, 2018, with the Sacramento Kings at the second overall pick and the Atlanta Hawks at third overall pick. The Suns' selection was their first No. 1 overall selection in franchise history. They used the selection on the Bahamian center Deandre Ayton from the nearby University of Arizona.",
"title": "2018 NBA draft"
},
{
"idx": 8,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "The highest - paid NBA players by season over the past twelve seasons have received contracts with salaries noted in the twenty - million - dollar range. In this twelve - year span, Kevin Garnett received $28,000,000, which was the highest salary payment of any NBA player, during the 2003 -- 04 season. Garnett has been the highest - paid NBA player per year in seven of the past twelve NBA seasons. Michael Jordan was the first NBA player to sign a contract worth over thirty million dollars in a season. During the 1997 -- 98 season, Jordan earned $33,140,000, which still stands as the most any NBA player has earned on a 1 year contract, Jordan also holds the record for the second largest 1 year contract at $30,140,000 in the 96 - 97 season... Kobe Bryant become just the second player to reach this milestone when the 2013 -- 14 season began. LeBron James became the third in the 2016 -- 17 season. Stephen Curry became the first player to eclipse $40 - Million per year when he signed a record 5 - year contract worth $201 - Million in 2017, starting with $34,682,550 in the 2017 - 18 season and ending with the largest earnings in the 2021 - 22 season with a record payout of $45,780,966.",
"title": "Highest-paid NBA players by season"
},
{
"idx": 9,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "The 2018 -- 19 NBA season will be the 73rd season of the National Basketball Association (NBA). The regular season will begin on October 16, 2018, and end on April 10, 2019. The playoffs will begin shortly after, with the NBA Finals concluding in June. The 2019 NBA All - Star Game will be played on February 17, 2019, at the Spectrum Center in Charlotte, North Carolina.",
"title": "2018–19 NBA season"
},
{
"idx": 10,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "The 2018 NBA draft will be held on June 21, 2018 at the Barclays Center in Brooklyn, New York. National Basketball Association (NBA) teams will take turns selecting amateur U.S. college basketball players and other eligible players, including international players. It will be televised nationally by ESPN. This draft will be the last to use the original weighted lottery system that gives teams near the bottom of the NBA draft better odds at the top three picks of the draft while teams higher up had worse odds in the process; the rule was agreed upon by the NBA on September 28, 2017, but would not be implemented until the 2019 draft. With the last year of what was, at the time, the most recent lottery system (with the NBA draft lottery being held in Chicago instead of in New York), the Phoenix Suns won the first overall pick on May 15, 2018, with the Sacramento Kings at the second overall pick and the Atlanta Hawks at third overall pick. The Suns' selection is their first No. 1 overall selection in franchise history.",
"title": "2018 NBA draft"
},
{
"idx": 11,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Furthermore, in terms of job prospects, as of 2014 the average starting salary of an Imperial graduate was the highest of any UK university. In terms of specific course salaries, the Sunday Times ranked Computing graduates from Imperial as earning the second highest average starting salary in the UK after graduation, over all universities and courses. In 2012, the New York Times ranked Imperial College as one of the top 10 most-welcomed universities by the global job market. In May 2014, the university was voted highest in the UK for Job Prospects by students voting in the Whatuni Student Choice Awards Imperial is jointly ranked as the 3rd best university in the UK for the quality of graduates according to recruiters from the UK's major companies.",
"title": "Imperial College London"
},
{
"idx": 12,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "LeBron James James with the Cavaliers in October 2017 No. 23 -- Cleveland Cavaliers Position Small forward League NBA (1984 - 12 - 30) December 30, 1984 (age 33) Akron, Ohio Nationality American Listed height 6 ft 8 in (2.03 m) Listed weight 250 lb (113 kg) Career information High school St. Vincent -- St. Mary (Akron, Ohio) NBA draft 2003 / Round: 1 / Pick: 1st overall Selected by the Cleveland Cavaliers Playing career 2003 -- present Career history 2003 -- 2010 Cleveland Cavaliers 2010 -- 2014 Miami Heat 2014 -- present Cleveland Cavaliers Career highlights and awards 3 × NBA champion (2012, 2013, 2016) 3 × NBA Finals MVP (2012, 2013, 2016) 4 × NBA Most Valuable Player (2009, 2010, 2012, 2013) 14 × NBA All - Star (2005 -- 2018) 3 × NBA All - Star Game MVP (2006, 2008, 2018) 12 × All - NBA First Team (2006, 2008 -- 2018) 2 × All - NBA Second Team (2005, 2007) 5 × NBA All - Defensive First Team (2009 -- 2013) NBA All - Defensive Second Team (2014) NBA Rookie of the Year (2004) NBA scoring champion (2008) J. Walter Kennedy Citizenship Award (2017) 2 × AP Athlete of the Year (2013, 2016) 2 × Sports Illustrated Sportsperson of the Year (2012, 2016) USA Basketball Male Athlete of the Year (2012) 2 × Mr. Basketball USA (2002, 2003) Naismith Prep Player of the Year (2003) McDonald's All - American Game MVP (2003) 3 × Ohio Mr. Basketball (2001 -- 2003) Stats at NBA.com Stats at Basketball-Reference.com Medals (hide) Men's basketball Representing the United States Olympic Games 2008 Beijing Team 2012 London Team 2004 Athens Team FIBA World Championship 2006 Japan FIBA Americas Championship 2007 Las Vegas",
"title": "LeBron James"
},
{
"idx": 13,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Ricochet Lost Worlds was developed by Reflexive Entertainment and is the sequel to \"Ricochet Xtreme\". It features several new bricks, power-ups and background art. It also has the new \"ring\" feature, where you try to collect all the rings on each level. If you collect all five rings on every level, you become \"Ring Master\" and get the trophy at the end of the game. It is possible to beat the game without getting every ring, but it is less challenging.",
"title": "Ricochet Lost Worlds"
},
{
"idx": 14,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "The 2018 -- 19 NBA season is the 73rd season of the National Basketball Association (NBA). The regular season began on October 16, 2018, and will end on April 10, 2019. The playoffs will begin April 13, 2019, with the NBA Finals concluding in June. The 2019 NBA All - Star Game will be played on February 17, 2019, at the Spectrum Center in Charlotte, North Carolina.",
"title": "2018–19 NBA season"
},
{
"idx": 15,
"is_supporting": true,
"paragraph_text": "Stephen Curry Curry in 2016 No. 30 -- Golden State Warriors Position Point guard League NBA (1988 - 03 - 14) March 14, 1988 (age 29) Akron, Ohio Nationality American Listed height 6 ft 3 in (1.91 m) Listed weight 190 lb (86 kg) Career information High school Charlotte Christian (Charlotte, North Carolina) College Davidson (2006 -- 2009) NBA draft 2009 / Round: 1 / Pick: 7th overall Selected by the Golden State Warriors Playing career 2009 -- present Career history 2009 -- present Golden State Warriors Career highlights and awards 2 × NBA champion (2015, 2017) 2 × NBA Most Valuable Player (2015, 2016) 4 × NBA All - Star (2014 -- 2017) 2 × All - NBA First Team (2015, 2016) 2 × All - NBA Second Team (2014, 2017) NBA scoring champion (2016) NBA steals leader (2016) 50 -- 40 -- 90 club (2016) NBA Three - Point Contest champion (2015) NBA Sportsmanship Award (2011) NBA All - Rookie First Team (2010) AP Athlete of the Year (2015) Consensus first - team All - American (2009) Consensus second - team All - American (2008) NCAA Division I scoring leader (2009) 2 × SoCon Player of the Year (2008, 2009) Stats at NBA.com Stats at Basketball-Reference.com Medals (hide) Men's basketball Representing United States FIBA World Cup 2010 Turkey Team 2014 Spain Team",
"title": "Stephen Curry"
},
{
"idx": 16,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "The final playoff round, a best - of - seven series between the victors of both conferences, is known as the NBA Finals, and is held annually in June. The victor in the NBA Finals wins the Larry O'Brien Championship Trophy. Each player and major contributor -- including coaches and the general manager -- on the winning team receive a championship ring. In addition, the league awards the Bill Russell NBA Finals Most Valuable Player Award to the best performing player of the series.",
"title": "National Basketball Association"
},
{
"idx": 17,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "The highest - paid NBA players by season over the past twelve seasons have received contracts with salaries noted in the twenty - million - dollar range. In this twelve - year span, Kevin Garnett received $28,000,000, which was the highest salary payment of any NBA player, during the 2003 -- 04 season. Garnett has been the highest - paid NBA player per year in seven of the past twelve NBA seasons. Michael Jordan was the first NBA player to sign a contract worth over thirty million dollars in a season. During the 1997 -- 98 season, Jordan earned $33,140,000, which still stands as the most any NBA player has earned on a 1 year contract, Jordan also holds the record for the second largest 1 year contract at $30,140,000 in the 1996 - 97 season. Kobe Bryant become just the second player to reach this milestone when the 2013 -- 14 season began. LeBron James became the third in the 2016 -- 17 season. Stephen Curry became the first player to eclipse $40 - Million per year when he signed a record 5 - year contract worth $201 - Million in 2017, starting with $34,682,550 in the 2017 - 18 season and ending with the largest earnings in the 2021 - 22 season with a record payout of $45,780,966.",
"title": "Highest-paid NBA players by season"
},
{
"idx": 18,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "The 2017 -- 18 NBA season is the 72nd season of the National Basketball Association (NBA). The regular season began on October 17, 2017, earlier than previous seasons to reduce the number of ``back - to - back ''games teams are scheduled to play, with the 2017 runners - up Cleveland Cavaliers hosting a game against the Boston Celtics at Quicken Loans Arena in Cleveland, Ohio. Christmas games will be played on December 25. The 2018 NBA All - Star Game will be played on February 18, 2018, at the Staples Center in Los Angeles, California. The regular season will end on April 11, 2018 and the playoffs will begin on April 14, 2018.",
"title": "2017–18 NBA season"
},
{
"idx": 19,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "The NBA Championship ring is an annual award given by the National Basketball Association to the team that wins the NBA Finals. Rings are presented to the team's players, coaches, and members of the executive front office. Red Auerbach has the most rings overall with 16. Phil Jackson has the most as coach and Bill Russell has the most as a player (11 each)",
"title": "NBA Championship ring"
}
],
"question": "When did the player with the highest salary in the NBA in 2018 get his first ring?",
"question_decomposition": [
{
"answer": "Stephen Curry",
"id": 82854,
"paragraph_support_idx": 0,
"question": "who has the highest salary in the nba 2018"
},
{
"answer": "2015",
"id": 86951,
"paragraph_support_idx": 15,
"question": "when did #1 get his first ring"
}
]
} |
2hop__226975_32467 | How old are some of the private schools in the city where the Kearse Theatre is found? | 150 years | [
"150 years"
] | {
"answer": "150 years",
"answer_aliases": [],
"answerable": true,
"id": "2hop__226975_32467",
"paragraphs": [
{
"idx": 0,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Saint Albert High School is a private, Roman Catholic high school in Council Bluffs, Iowa, USA. It is part of a chain of private schools going from pre-kindergarten through 12th Grade. Saint Albert's Mascot is a falcon for the boys, while the girls are known as the saintes. It is located in the Roman Catholic Diocese of Des Moines.",
"title": "Saint Albert High School (Council Bluffs, Iowa)"
},
{
"idx": 1,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Richard S. Tedlow is the MBA Class of 1949 Professor of Business Administration at Harvard Business School, where he is a specialist in the history of business.",
"title": "Richard S. Tedlow"
},
{
"idx": 2,
"is_supporting": true,
"paragraph_text": "The Roman Catholic Diocese of Charleston Office of Education also operates out of the city and oversees several K-8 parochial schools, such as Blessed Sacrament School, Christ Our King School, Charleston Catholic School, Nativity School, and Divine Redeemer School, all of which are \"feeder\" schools into Bishop England High School, a diocesan high school within the city. Bishop England, Porter-Gaud School, and Ashley Hall are the city's oldest and most prominent private schools, and are a significant part of Charleston history, dating back some 150 years.",
"title": "Charleston, South Carolina"
},
{
"idx": 3,
"is_supporting": true,
"paragraph_text": "Kearse Theater was a historic theatre building located at Charleston, West Virginia. It was constructed in 1921 and composed of a single floor auditorium with balcony behind a three-story front section which included two storefronts. It was designed for stage shows as well as for movies. The theater was demolished in 1982.",
"title": "Kearse Theater"
},
{
"idx": 4,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Model Laboratory School is a semi-private laboratory school located on the campus of Eastern Kentucky University, in Richmond, Kentucky, United States.",
"title": "Model Laboratory School"
},
{
"idx": 5,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Ross University School of Veterinary Medicine Type Private, for - profit Established 1982 (1982) Location Basseterre, St. Kitts Nickname RUSVM Website www.rossu.edu/veterinary-school/",
"title": "Ross University School of Veterinary Medicine"
},
{
"idx": 6,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Newton International School is a private school located in Doha, Qatar. All pupils follow the National Curriculum of England and Wales.",
"title": "Newton International School"
},
{
"idx": 7,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Bogotá (/ ˈboʊɡətɑː /, / ˌbɒɡəˈtɑː /, / ˌboʊ - /; Spanish pronunciation: (boɣoˈta) (listen)), officially Bogotá, Distrito Capital, abbreviated Bogotá, D.C., and formerly known as Santafé de Bogotá between 1991 and 2000, is the capital and largest city of Colombia, administered as the Capital District, although often thought of as part of Cundinamarca. Bogotá is a territorial entity of the first order, with the same administrative status as the departments of Colombia. It is the political, economic, administrative, industrial, artistic, cultural, and sports center of the country.",
"title": "Bogotá"
},
{
"idx": 8,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Chris de Souza is a graduate in music from Bristol University (1966) and a graduate of the Directors' Course of the Bristol Old Vic Theatre School.",
"title": "Chris de Souza"
},
{
"idx": 9,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Butler Catholic School is a Catholic private elementary school located in Butler, Pennsylvania, USA. The school serves students in grades K through 8 in the Roman Catholic Diocese of Pittsburgh.",
"title": "Butler Catholic School"
},
{
"idx": 10,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Hyundai Chungun High School (; HCU), is a private boarding high school located in Dong-gu, Ulsan, South Korea. It is one of the six Independent Private High Schools (자율형 사립고) in South Korea that requires an application of nationwide scale and admissions test to the applicant students.",
"title": "Hyundai Chungun High School"
},
{
"idx": 11,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Samantha Bond is the daughter of actor Philip Bond and TV producer Pat Sandys, and is the sister of the actress Abigail Bond and the journalist Matthew Bond. She was brought up in London, in homes in Barnes and St Margarets. She attended the Godolphin and Latymer School, and studied acting at the Bristol Old Vic Theatre School.",
"title": "Samantha Bond"
},
{
"idx": 12,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Unlike those of Mexican states' schools, curricula of Mexico City's public schools is managed by the federal Secretary of Public Education. The whole funding is allocated by the government of Mexico City (in some specific cases, such as El Colegio de México, funding comes from both the city's government and other public and private national and international entities).[citation needed] The city's public high school system is the Instituto de Educación Media Superior del Distrito Federal (IEMS-DF).",
"title": "Mexico City"
},
{
"idx": 13,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Formal education started to be developed in the late Ottoman period continuing slowly into and Hashimite times. The first major attempt to improve the situation was made by a Jeddah merchant, Muhammad ʿAlī Zaynal Riḍā, who founded the Madrasat al-Falāḥ in Mecca in 1911–12 that cost £400,000.The school system in Mecca has many public and private schools for both males and females. As of 2005, there were 532 public and private schools for males and another 681 public and private schools for female students. The medium of instruction in both public and private schools is Arabic with emphasis on English as a second language, but some private schools founded by foreign entities such as International schools use the English language for medium of instruction. They also allow mixing between males and females while other schools do not.",
"title": "Mecca"
},
{
"idx": 14,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Deninu School is a K-12 public school located in Fort Resolution, Northwest Territories, Canada. The school currently represents the only public education option for youth in the hamlet and serves a student population of approximately 125 students. The administration of the school is the responsibility of the South Slave Divisional Education Council (SSDEC).",
"title": "Deninu School"
},
{
"idx": 15,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "In India, private schools are called independent schools, but since some private schools receive financial aid from the government, it can be an aided or an unaided school. So, in a strict sense, a private school is an unaided independent school. For the purpose of this definition, only receipt of financial aid is considered, not land purchased from the government at a subsidized rate. It is within the power of both the union government and the state governments to govern schools since Education appears in the Concurrent list of legislative subjects in the constitution. The practice has been for the union government to provide the broad policy directions while the states create their own rules and regulations for the administration of the sector. Among other things, this has also resulted in 30 different Examination Boards or academic authorities that conduct examinations for school leaving certificates. Prominent Examination Boards that are present in multiple states are the CBSE and the CISCE, NENBSE",
"title": "Private school"
},
{
"idx": 16,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "The Independent Education Union of Australia (IEU), with a current membership of over 75,000, is the federally registered industry union representing all employees working in non-government schools and institutions across Australia. Included in its membership are principals, teachers, and various categories of clerical, administrative, educational support staff and school services officers employed in primary and secondary schools; and teachers working in some private pre-school settings, Life Education Centres, business colleges and private English Language colleges.",
"title": "Independent Education Union of Australia"
},
{
"idx": 17,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Khabarovsky District () is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the seventeen in Khabarovsk Krai, Russia. It consists of two unconnected segments separated by the territory of Amursky District, which are located in the southwest of the krai. The area of the district is . Its administrative center is the city of Khabarovsk (which is not administratively a part of the district). Population:",
"title": "Khabarovsky District"
},
{
"idx": 18,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "The Ellison School is a private, nonsectarian coeducational day school located in Vineland, New Jersey, United States, serving students in toddlers ( 15 months old ) through eighth grade. The school has a total enrollment of 118 students and employs 18 teachers (on an FTE basis), for a student/teacher ratio of 10.1.",
"title": "The Ellison School"
},
{
"idx": 19,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Maris Stella School is a private Roman Catholic day school for girls from four to eighteen years old (grades 0-12 or pre-primary, primary and secondary phases), located on the Berea in Durban, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa.",
"title": "Maris Stella School"
}
],
"question": "How old are some of the private schools in the city where the Kearse Theatre is found?",
"question_decomposition": [
{
"answer": "Charleston",
"id": 226975,
"paragraph_support_idx": 3,
"question": "Kearse Theatre >> located in the administrative territorial entity"
},
{
"answer": "150 years",
"id": 32467,
"paragraph_support_idx": 2,
"question": "How old are some of #1 's private school?"
}
]
} |
2hop__385043_53794 | When did the first flip phone by the developer of SREC come out? | January 3, 1996 | [
"January 3, 1996"
] | {
"answer": "January 3, 1996",
"answer_aliases": [],
"answerable": true,
"id": "2hop__385043_53794",
"paragraphs": [
{
"idx": 0,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "The Infiniti LE is a concept car developed by the Infiniti division of Nissan Motors and was revealed to the public at the 2012 New York Auto Show. The LE names comes from Luxury first and Electric second.",
"title": "Infiniti LE"
},
{
"idx": 1,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "The Galaxy Nexus (GT-I9250) is a touchscreen Android smartphone co-developed by Google and Samsung Electronics. It is the third smartphone in the Google Nexus series, a family of Android consumer devices built by an original equipment manufacturer partner. The phone is the successor to Google's previous flagship phones, the Nexus One and Nexus S.",
"title": "Galaxy Nexus"
},
{
"idx": 2,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "The Samsung Galaxy Note 8 is an Android phablet smart phone designed, developed and marketed by Samsung Electronics. Unveiled on 23 August 2017, it is the successor to the discontinued Samsung Galaxy Note 7. It became available on 15 September 2017.",
"title": "Samsung Galaxy Note 8"
},
{
"idx": 3,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "In 1977 Samsung Electronics launched the Telecommunication Network, and in 1983 it initiated its mobile telecommunications business with the hope that this would become the company's future growth engine. In 1986, Samsung was able to release its first built - in car phone, the SC - 100, but it was a failure due to the poor quality. In spite of unsuccessful result Ki Tae Lee, the then - head of the Wireless Development Team, decided to stay in the mobile business. He asked the company to buy ten Motorola mobile phones for benchmarking. After 2 years of R&D Samsung developed its first mobile phone (or ``hand phone ''in Korea), the SH - 100 in 1988. It was the first mobile phone to be designed and manufactured in Korea. But the perception of mobile devices was very low and although Samsung introduced new models every year, each model sold only one or two thousand units.",
"title": "Samsung Telecommunications"
},
{
"idx": 4,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Orcs & Elves is a adventure role-playing video game for the mobile phone and Nintendo DS. It was developed by id Software and Fountainhead Entertainment and published by EA Mobile and licensed by Nintendo for the DS version. It was released for mobile phone on May 1, 2006 before being ported to the Nintendo DS on November 15, 2007. The game is based on \"Doom RPG\"s engine and is id's first original intellectual property since \"Quake\". The later DS port of the game included graphical enhancements, such as 3D environments and camera cutscenes, along with improved character sprites, two new levels and the use of the touchscreen feature.",
"title": "Orcs & Elves"
},
{
"idx": 5,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Flip and Flop is an isometric platform game for the Atari 8-bit family designed by Jim Nangano and published in 1983 by First Star Software. Statesoft released a Commodore 64 port the following year. The Commodore 64 box cover, which features a photo of acrobats that does not relate to the game itself, changes the name to Flip & Flop; it remains \"Flip and Flop\" on the title screen.",
"title": "Flip and Flop"
},
{
"idx": 6,
"is_supporting": true,
"paragraph_text": "Motorola S-record is a file format, created by Motorola, that conveys binary information in ASCII hex text form. This file format may also be known as SRECORD, SREC, S19, S28, S37. It is commonly used for programming flash memory in microcontrollers, EPROMs, EEPROMs, and other types of programmable logic devices. In a typical application, a compiler or assembler converts a program's source code (such as C or assembly language) to machine code and outputs it into a HEX file. The HEX file is then imported by a programmer to \"burn\" the machine code into non-volatile memory, or is transferred to the target system for loading and execution.",
"title": "SREC (file format)"
},
{
"idx": 7,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "South Park: Phone Destroyer is a free to play role - playing card game developed by RedLynx, and published by Ubisoft. It was released on both iOS and Android on November 9, 2017.",
"title": "South Park: Phone Destroyer"
},
{
"idx": 8,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Not till Tomorrow is the 1972 album by British Folk musician Ralph McTell. Produced by Tony Visconti, it was McTell's fifth album to be released (aside from the remixed compilation \"Revisited\") – and first album to chart – in the UK; and his third album to be released in the U.S. Ralph had been phoned and asked if he had decided on a title for the album and, wishing to give himself another day to come up with a title, responded \"Not till tomorrow\" which was misunderstood to be the name he had given to the album. By the time the mistake was found it was too late.",
"title": "Not till Tomorrow"
},
{
"idx": 9,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "FLIP burger boutique (stylized as FLIP) is an upscale full-service American restaurant based in Atlanta, Georgia. The company opened its first restaurant in West Midtown, Atlanta in 2008, and has since opened three additional locations, one in the Buckhead area of Atlanta, one in Birmingham, Alabama, and one in Nashville, Tennessee. The restaurant has been generally well-received by food critics for its ambiance and food, though there has been criticism that the restaurant is \"overdone\". It has been credited as increasing competition among hamburger restaurants in Atlanta.",
"title": "FLIP Burger Boutique"
},
{
"idx": 10,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "3D Brick Breaker Revolution is a game for iOS and Windows Phone 7 developed by Digital Chocolate and released on March 27, 2009 for iOS. The game was ported to Windows Phone 7 and released on December 1, 2010. The Windows Phone 7 version offers Leaderboard and Achievement support as a title for Xbox LIVE enabled games.",
"title": "3D Brick Breaker Revolution"
},
{
"idx": 11,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "The Ericsson R380 (2000) by Ericsson Mobile Communications. The first device marketed as a ``smartphone '', it was the first Symbian - based phone, with PDA functionality and limited Web browsing on a resistive touchscreen utilizing a stylus. Users could not install their own software on the device, however. The Kyocera 6035 (early 2001), a dual - nature device with a separate Palm OS PDA operating system and CDMA mobile phone firmware. It supported limited Web browsing with the PDA software treating the phone hardware as an attached modem. Handspring's Treo 180 (2002), the first smartphone that fully integrated the Palm OS on a GSM mobile phone having telephony, SMS messaging and Internet access built in to the OS. The 180 model had a thumb - type keyboard and the 180g version had a Graffiti handwriting recognition area, instead.",
"title": "Smartphone"
},
{
"idx": 12,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Graham Goddard studied Fine Arts at the University of Southern California (USC) (Class of 2004, BFA). At USC Goddard explored inverted imagery and developed the Rotating Canvas after being inspired by the paintings of 14th century Italian painter Giuseppe Arcimboldo. Goddard's Rotating Canvas allows the viewer to turn the painting 180 degrees, exposing inverted images within his work. He first introduced the concept in the exhibition \"Flip\" at the Helen Lindhurst Fine Arts Gallery in 2004.",
"title": "Graham Goddard"
},
{
"idx": 13,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "A camera phone is a mobile phone which is able to capture photographs and often record video using one or more built - in digital cameras. The first camera phone was sold in 2000 in Japan, a Sharp J - SH04 J - Phone model, although some argue that the SCH - V200 and Kyocera VP - 210 Visual Phone, both introduced months earlier in South Korea and Japan respectively, are the first camera phones.",
"title": "Camera phone"
},
{
"idx": 14,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "CipSoft GmbH, or CIP, is a video game developer based in Regensburg, Germany which produces the online roleplaying game \"Tibia\" . They also market \"Tibia Micro Edition\", a cell-phone-based version of the game.",
"title": "CipSoft"
},
{
"idx": 15,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "In 1965, Bulgarian company ``Radioelektronika ''presented on the Inforga - 65 international exhibition in Moscow the mobile automatic phone combined with a base station. Solutions of this phone were based on a system developed by Leonid Kupriyanovich. One base station, connected to one telephone wire line, could serve up to 15 customers.",
"title": "History of mobile phones"
},
{
"idx": 16,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "In 1979, the merger of Nokia and Salora resulted in the establishment of ``Mobira Oy ''. Mobira developed mobile phones for the Nordic Mobile Telephone (NMT) network, called the`` 1G'' and was the first fully automatic cellular phone system. It became commercially available in 1981. In 1982, Mobira introduced its first car phone, the ``Mobira Senator ''for NMT -- 450 networks.",
"title": "History of Nokia"
},
{
"idx": 17,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "The Moto E4 and Moto E4 Plus are Android smart phones developed by Motorola Mobility. They were released in June 2017. The phones are regarded as being low - budget and having a long battery life. The E4 model has a 2,800 mAh battery and the E4 Plus has a 5,000 mAh battery. The Moto E4 has an 8 megapixel camera, while the Plus version has a 13 megapixel one.",
"title": "Moto E4"
},
{
"idx": 18,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Halo: Spartan Assault is a 2013 top-down twin stick shooter video game developed by 343 Industries and Vanguard Games. Part of the \"Halo\" media franchise, it was first released on July 18, 2013, for Microsoft's Windows 8 and Windows Phone 8 platforms. The game was subsequently released for the Xbox One, Xbox 360, Steam and iOS platforms.",
"title": "Halo: Spartan Assault"
},
{
"idx": 19,
"is_supporting": true,
"paragraph_text": "The Motorola StarTAC is a clamshell mobile phone manufactured by Motorola. It was released on January 3, 1996, being the first ever clamshell / flip mobile phone. The StarTAC is the successor of the MicroTAC, a semi-clamshell design that had been launched in 1989. Whereas the MicroTAC's shell folded down from below the keypad, the StarTAC folded up from above the display. In 2005, PC World put StarTAC at # 6 in The 50 Greatest Gadgets of the Past 50 Years.",
"title": "Motorola StarTAC"
}
],
"question": "When did the first flip phone by the developer of SREC come out?",
"question_decomposition": [
{
"answer": "Motorola",
"id": 385043,
"paragraph_support_idx": 6,
"question": "SREC >> developer"
},
{
"answer": "January 3, 1996",
"id": 53794,
"paragraph_support_idx": 19,
"question": "when did the first #1 flip phone come out"
}
]
} |
3hop1__42226_761000_68918 | There is a state that contains the Diocese of Charlotte which shares the same religion as the Archdiocese of Warsaw. When did that state become a part of the United States? | November 21, 1789 | [
"November 21, 1789"
] | {
"answer": "November 21, 1789",
"answer_aliases": [],
"answerable": true,
"id": "3hop1__42226_761000_68918",
"paragraphs": [
{
"idx": 0,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Gmina Sierpc is a rural gmina (administrative district) in Sierpc County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. Its seat is the town of Sierpc, although the town is not part of the territory of the gmina.",
"title": "Gmina Sierpc"
},
{
"idx": 1,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Christ Church Cathedral is an Episcopal cathedral located in Springfield, Massachusetts, United States. It is the seat of the Diocese of Western Massachusetts. In 1974 the cathedral was included as a contributing property in the Quadrangle–Mattoon Street Historic District, listed on the National Register of Historic Places.",
"title": "Christ Church Cathedral (Springfield, Massachusetts)"
},
{
"idx": 2,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "The Roman Catholic Diocese of Worcester is an ecclesiastical territory or diocese of the Roman Catholic Church in the New England region of the United States. The geographic boundaries of the diocese are the same as those of Worcester County, Massachusetts, the geographically largest county of the state of Massachusetts. It is headed by a bishop who has his see at the Cathedral of Saint Paul in the city of Worcester.",
"title": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Worcester"
},
{
"idx": 3,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "There are around 3.842 million Catholics in Hungary — or 39% of the population (2011 census). The country is divided into 12 dioceses including 4 archdioceses. In addition, there is a territorial abbey and a separate sui juris particular Church for those who adhere to the Byzantine Rite known as the Hungarian Greek Catholic Church.",
"title": "Catholic Church in Hungary"
},
{
"idx": 4,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "The Roman Catholic Diocese of Gary () is a particular church of the Roman Catholic Church in the United States of America. It was founded on December 17, 1956, by Pope Pius XII. It is one of four suffragan dioceses of the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Indianapolis. Its ecclesiastic territory includes Lake, Porter, LaPorte, and Starke counties in northwestern Indiana. The mother church of the diocese is the Cathedral of the Holy Angels in Gary, Indiana.",
"title": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Gary"
},
{
"idx": 5,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Charlotte is a town in Dickson County, Tennessee, United States. The population was 1,235 at the 2010 census. It is the county seat of Dickson County. This town is part of the Nashville metropolitan area.",
"title": "Charlotte, Tennessee"
},
{
"idx": 6,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "In 1949, the Territory and the Territory of New Guinea were established in an administrative union by the name of the Territory of Papua and New Guinea. That administrative union was renamed as Papua New Guinea in 1971. Notwithstanding that it was part of an administrative union, the Territory of Papua at all times retained a distinct legal status and identity; it was a Possession of the Crown whereas the Territory of New Guinea was initially a League of Nations mandate territory and subsequently a United Nations trust territory. This important legal and political distinction remained until the advent of the Independent State of Papua New Guinea in 1975.",
"title": "Territory of Papua"
},
{
"idx": 7,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Mecklenburg County is a county located on the border in the southwestern part of the state of North Carolina, in the United States. As of the 2010 census, the population was 919,628. It increased to 1,034,070 as of the 2015 estimate, making it the most populous county in North Carolina and the first county in the Carolinas to surpass 1 million in population. Its county seat and largest city is Charlotte.",
"title": "Mecklenburg County, North Carolina"
},
{
"idx": 8,
"is_supporting": true,
"paragraph_text": "On November 21, 1789, North Carolina became the twelfth state to ratify the Constitution. In 1840, it completed the state capitol building in Raleigh, still standing today. Most of North Carolina's slave owners and large plantations were located in the eastern portion of the state. Although North Carolina's plantation system was smaller and less cohesive than that of Virginia, Georgia, or South Carolina, significant numbers of planters were concentrated in the counties around the port cities of Wilmington and Edenton, as well as suburban planters around the cities of Raleigh, Charlotte, and Durham in the Piedmont. Planters owning large estates wielded significant political and socio - economic power in antebellum North Carolina, which was a slave society. They placed their interests above those of the generally non-slave - holding ``yeoman ''farmers of western North Carolina. In mid-century, the state's rural and commercial areas were connected by the construction of a 129 - mile (208 km) wooden plank road, known as a`` farmer's railroad'', from Fayetteville in the east to Bethania (northwest of Winston - Salem).",
"title": "North Carolina"
},
{
"idx": 9,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "The Roman Catholic Diocese of Kundiawa is a suffragan diocese of the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Mount Hagen in Papua New Guinea. It was erected in 1982, having been separated from the Diocese of Goroka.",
"title": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Kundiawa"
},
{
"idx": 10,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "The Roman Catholic Church has a total of 197 particular churches -- consisting of 32 territorial archdioceses, 145 territorial dioceses, the Archdiocese for the Military Services, USA (serving members of the US Armed Forces and Diplomatic Corps, and those in facilities of the Veterans Administration and their dependents), and the Personal Ordinariate of the Chair of Saint Peter (serving Catholics who were formerly Anglicans) within the Roman Rite; and two archieparchies and 16 eparchies in the Eastern Catholic Churches -- in the 50 United States and the US Virgin Islands. The pastor of any particular church other than an ordinariate must be episcopally ordained, but his title conforms to that of his jurisdiction: the pastor of an archdiocese is an archbishop, the pastor of a diocese is a bishop, the pastor of an archieparchy is an archieparch, the pastor of an eparchy is an eparch, and the pastor of an exarchate is an exarch. The pastor of an ordinariate, titled the ``ordinary ''(which is a term also used generically for the pastor of any particular church), may be either a bishop if celibate, or a presbyter (priest) if married, but he holds the same power of governance of his ordinariate that a bishop has of his diocese in either case; Pope Benedict XVI deliberately instituted this provision to permit married, former Anglican bishops who come into full communion with the Catholic Church along with many of their congregants to accede to office while respecting sensitivities in ecumenical relations with the Eastern Orthodox Churches, which also maintain a celibate episcopacy. The pastor of each particular church is, ex officio, a full member of the United States Conference of Catholic Bishops (USCCB). Auxiliary and retired bishops are also members of the Conference but have no vote.",
"title": "List of Catholic dioceses in the United States"
},
{
"idx": 11,
"is_supporting": true,
"paragraph_text": "The city is the seat of a Roman Catholic archdiocese (left bank of the Vistula) and diocese (right bank), and possesses various universities, most notably the Polish Academy of Sciences and the University of Warsaw, two opera houses, theatres, museums, libraries and monuments. The historic city-centre of Warsaw with its picturesque Old Town in 1980 was listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Other main architectural attractions include the Castle Square with the Royal Castle and the iconic King Sigismund's Column, St. John's Cathedral, Market Square, palaces, churches and mansions all displaying a richness of colour and architectural detail. Buildings represent examples of nearly every European architectural style and historical period. Warsaw provides many examples of architecture from the gothic, renaissance, baroque and neoclassical periods, and around a quarter of the city is filled with luxurious parks and royal gardens.",
"title": "Warsaw"
},
{
"idx": 12,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Gmina Kwidzyn is a rural gmina (administrative district) in Kwidzyn County, Pomeranian Voivodeship, in northern Poland. Its seat is the town of Kwidzyn, although the town is not part of the territory of the gmina.",
"title": "Gmina Kwidzyn"
},
{
"idx": 13,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "The Trinity Episcopal Cathedral is a cathedral church in Sacramento, California, United States. It is the seat of the Episcopal Diocese of Northern California.",
"title": "Trinity Episcopal Cathedral (Sacramento, California)"
},
{
"idx": 14,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Gmina Elbląg is a rural gmina (administrative district) in Elbląg County, Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship, in northern Poland. Its seat is the town of Elbląg, although the town is not part of the territory of the gmina.",
"title": "Gmina Elbląg"
},
{
"idx": 15,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Peter Joseph Jugis (born March 3, 1957) is an American prelate of the Roman Catholic Church serving as the fourth and current bishop of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Charlotte. He succeeded Bishop William George Curlin as bishop of the diocese and is seated at the Cathedral of St. Patrick in Charlotte, North Carolina.",
"title": "Peter Joseph Jugis"
},
{
"idx": 16,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Gmina Suwałki is a rural gmina (administrative district) in Suwałki County, Podlaskie Voivodeship, in north-eastern Poland. Its seat is the town of Suwałki, although the town is not part of the territory of the gmina.",
"title": "Gmina Suwałki"
},
{
"idx": 17,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "The Roman Catholic Diocese of Zrenjanin (Latin: \"Dioecesis Zrenjanensis\", / , , , ) is an ecclesiastical territory or diocese of the Roman Catholic Church in Serbia. It is subject to the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Belgrade. The Diocese is centered in the city of Zrenjanin. László Német currently serves as bishop.",
"title": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Zrenjanin"
},
{
"idx": 18,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Gmina Ozorków is a rural gmina (administrative district) in Zgierz County, Łódź Voivodeship, in central Poland. Its seat is the town of Ozorków, although the town is not part of the territory of the gmina.",
"title": "Gmina Ozorków"
},
{
"idx": 19,
"is_supporting": true,
"paragraph_text": "Canonically erected on November 12, 1971, by Pope Paul VI, the diocese took its territories from the neighboring Diocese of Raleigh. The Charlotte See is led by a bishop who serves as pastor of the Cathedral of Saint Patrick in Charlotte, North Carolina. Peter Joseph Jugis is the current bishop. The diocese is also home to two of the three basilicas in North Carolina, the Basilica of St. Lawrence and the Basilica of Our Lady Help of Christians.",
"title": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Charlotte"
}
],
"question": "There is a state that contains the Diocese of Charlotte which shares the same religion as the Archdiocese of Warsaw. When did that state become a part of the United States?",
"question_decomposition": [
{
"answer": "Roman Catholic",
"id": 42226,
"paragraph_support_idx": 11,
"question": "What archdiocese is Warsaw the seat of?"
},
{
"answer": "North Carolina",
"id": 761000,
"paragraph_support_idx": 19,
"question": "#1 Diocese of Charlotte >> located in the administrative territorial entity"
},
{
"answer": "November 21, 1789",
"id": 68918,
"paragraph_support_idx": 8,
"question": "when did #2 become a part of the united states"
}
]
} |
2hop__25478_60641 | when did Hurricane Maria make landfall in the country where groups not from the US came from in The Sing Off? | September 20 | [
"September 20"
] | {
"answer": "September 20",
"answer_aliases": [],
"answerable": true,
"id": "2hop__25478_60641",
"paragraphs": [
{
"idx": 0,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Hurricane Maria is regarded as being the worst natural disaster on record to affect Dominica and Puerto Rico, and is also the deadliest Atlantic hurricane since Hurricane Jeanne in 2004. The tenth-most intense Atlantic hurricane on record and the most intense tropical cyclone worldwide in 2017, Maria was the thirteenth named storm, eighth consecutive hurricane, fourth major hurricane, second Category 5 hurricane, and the deadliest storm of the hyperactive 2017 Atlantic hurricane season. At its peak, the hurricane caused catastrophic damage and numerous fatalities across the northeastern Caribbean, compounding recovery efforts in the areas of the Leeward Islands already struck by Hurricane Irma. Total losses from the hurricane are estimated at upwards of $91.61 billion (2017 USD), mostly in Puerto Rico, ranking it as the third - costliest tropical cyclone on record.",
"title": "Hurricane Maria"
},
{
"idx": 1,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Originating from a tropical wave, Maria became a tropical storm on September 16, east of the Lesser Antilles. Highly favorable environmental conditions allowed the storm to undergo explosive intensification as it approached the island arc. The hurricane reached Category 5 strength on September 18 just before making landfall on Dominica, becoming the first Category 5 hurricane on record to strike the island. After weakening slightly due to crossing Dominica, Maria achieved its peak intensity over the eastern Caribbean with maximum sustained winds of 175 mph (280 km / h) and a pressure of 908 mbar (hPa; 26.81 inHg), making it the tenth-most intense Atlantic hurricane on record. On September 20, an eyewall replacement cycle took place, weakening Maria to a high - end Category 4 hurricane by the time it struck Puerto Rico. Interaction with land further weakened the hurricane, though it regained some strength as it moved northeast of The Bahamas. Moving slowly to the north, Maria gradually degraded and weakened to a tropical storm on September 28. Embedded in the westerlies, Maria accelerated toward the east and later east - northeast over the open Atlantic, becoming extratropical on September 30 and dissipating by October 3.",
"title": "Hurricane Maria"
},
{
"idx": 2,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "After crossing Cuba near Menelao Mora, Hurricane Charley accelerated to the north - northeast, toward the southwest coast of Florida in response to the approach of an unseasonal mid-tropospheric trough. Charley passed over the Dry Tortugas at 1200 UTC on August 13, with maximum winds of about 110 mph (180 km / h). The strike occurred only 22 hours after Tropical Storm Bonnie made landfall on St. Vincent Island, marking the first time two tropical cyclones hit the same state within a 24 - hour period. Then Charley rapidly intensified, strengthening from a 110 mph (180 km / h) hurricane with a minimum central barometric pressure of 965 mbar (hPa; 28.50 inHg) to a 145 mph (233 km / h) hurricane with a pressure of 947 mbar (hPa; 27.96 inHg) in just three hours. It continued to strengthen as it turned more to the northeast, and made landfall near the island of Cayo Costa, Florida as a 150 mph (240 km / h) Category 4 hurricane with a pressure of 941 mbar (hPa; 27.79 inHg) at approximately 1945 UTC on August 13. An hour later, the hurricane struck Punta Gorda as a 145 mph (233 km / h) storm and then passed up through Port Charlotte. However, the eye had shrunk before landfall, limiting the most powerful winds to an area within 7 mi (11 km) of the center.",
"title": "Hurricane Charley"
},
{
"idx": 3,
"is_supporting": true,
"paragraph_text": "The hurricane made its closest approach to St. Croix around 05: 00 UTC on September 20, passing within 20 mi (30 km) of the island; the storm's outer eyewall lashed the island while the more violent inner eye remained offshore. Hours later, around 08: 00 UTC, the outer eyewall struck Vieques, an island off the eastern coast of Puerto Rico. By this time, the outer eye became dominant as the inner one decayed, and the eyewall replacement cycle caused Maria to weaken to Category 4 strength. Maria made landfall just south of Yabucoa, Puerto Rico, around 10: 15 UTC with sustained winds of 155 mph (250 km / h), making it the strongest to hit the island since the 1928 San Felipe Segundo hurricane. Maria maintained a general west - northwest course across Puerto Rico, emerging over the Atlantic Ocean shortly before 18: 00 UTC. Interaction with the mountainous terrain resulted in substantial weakening; sustained winds fell to 110 mph (175 km / h) and the central pressure rose to 957 mbars (hPa; 28.26 inHg). With favorable environmental conditions, Maria steadily reorganized as it moved away from Puerto Rico. A large eye, 45 mi (75 km) wide, developed with deep convection blossoming around it. Early on September 21, the system regained Category 3 intensity.",
"title": "Hurricane Maria"
},
{
"idx": 4,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "October 2 - 5, 2015 -- Hurricane Joaquin, at one point forecast to make a landfall in New England, eventually passed offshore and produced high surf along Cape Cod and Nantucket.",
"title": "List of New England hurricanes"
},
{
"idx": 5,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "The storm made landfall on Puerto Rico on Wednesday, September 20 as a Category 4 hurricane with winds of 155 mph. A sustained wind of 64 mph (103 km / h) with a gust to 113 mph (182 km / h) was reported in San Juan, Puerto Rico, immediately prior to the hurricane making landfall on the island. After landfall, wind gusts of 109 mph (175 km / h) were reported at Yabucoa Harbor and 118 mph (190 km / h) at Camp Santiago. In addition, very heavy rainfall occurred throughout the territory, peaking at 37.9 in (962.7 mm) in Caguas. Widespread flooding affected San Juan, waist - deep in some areas, and numerous structures lost their roof. The coastal La Perla neighborhood of San Juan was largely destroyed. Cataño saw extensive damage, with the Juana Matos neighborhood estimated to be 80 percent destroyed. The primary airport in San Juan, the Luis Muñoz Marín International Airport, was slated to reopen on September 22.",
"title": "Hurricane Maria"
},
{
"idx": 6,
"is_supporting": true,
"paragraph_text": "Increased interest in modern a cappella (particularly collegiate a cappella) can be seen in the growth of awards such as the Contemporary A Cappella Recording Awards (overseen by the Contemporary A Cappella Society) and competitions such as the International Championship of Collegiate A Cappella for college groups and the Harmony Sweepstakes for all groups. In December 2009, a new television competition series called The Sing-Off aired on NBC. The show featured eight a cappella groups from the United States and Puerto Rico vying for the prize of $100,000 and a recording contract with Epic Records/Sony Music. The show was judged by Ben Folds, Shawn Stockman, and Nicole Scherzinger and was won by an all-male group from Puerto Rico called Nota. The show returned for a second and third season, won by Committed and Pentatonix, respectively.",
"title": "A cappella"
},
{
"idx": 7,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "June 21 -- 22 - Tropical Storm Cindy brought floods in Florida Panhandle and a EF0 tornado was reported in Fort Walton Beach July 31 - Tropical Storm Emily made landfall in Florida with winds of 45 mph (75 km / h). Emily also brought heavy rain to the state September 10 -- 11 - Hurricane Irma makes landfall on Cudjoe Key as a Category 4 hurricane with sustained winds of 130 mph (215 km / h), then makes a second landfall on Marco Island with winds of 115 mph (185 km / h). It is the strongest hurricane in terms of windspeed to hit the state since Charley in 2004, and the most intense in terms of pressure since Andrew in 1992. Irma has killed at least 82 people in the state. October 29 -- Tropical Storm Philippe makes landfall in the Everglades, causing minimal damage. Moderate rainfall was reported.",
"title": "List of Florida hurricanes (2000–present)"
},
{
"idx": 8,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Most intense landfalling Atlantic hurricanes Intensity is measured solely by central pressure Rank Hurricane Season Landfall pressure ``Labor Day ''1935 892 mbar (hPa) Gilbert 1988 900 mbar (hPa) Camille 1969 Dean 2007 905 mbar (hPa) 5`` Cuba'' 1924 910 mbar (hPa) 6 Janet 1955 914 mbar (hPa) Irma 2017 8 Maria 2017 917 mbar (hPa) 9 ``Cuba ''1932 918 mbar (hPa) 10 Katrina 2005 920 mbar (hPa) Sources: Atlantic Hurricane Best Track Data Documentation of Atlantic Tropical Cyclones National Hurricane Center",
"title": "List of Atlantic hurricane records"
},
{
"idx": 9,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Hurricane Irene was a large and destructive tropical cyclone which affected much of the Caribbean and East Coast of the United States during late August 2011. Irene is ranked as the ninth - costliest hurricane in United States history. The ninth named storm, first hurricane, and first major hurricane of the 2011 Atlantic hurricane season, Irene originated from a well - defined Atlantic tropical wave that began showing signs of organization east of the Lesser Antilles. Due to development of atmospheric convection and a closed center of circulation, the system was designated as Tropical Storm Irene on August 20, 2011. After intensifying, Irene made landfall in St. Croix as a strong tropical storm later that day. Early on August 21, the storm made a second landfall in Puerto Rico. While crossing the island, Irene strengthened into a Category 1 hurricane. The storm paralleled offshore of Hispaniola, continuing to slowly intensify in the process. Shortly before making four landfalls in the Bahamas, Irene peaked as a 120 mph (190 km / h) Category 3 hurricane.",
"title": "Hurricane Irene"
},
{
"idx": 10,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Hurricane Irma was an extremely powerful and catastrophic Cape Verde - type hurricane, the strongest observed in the Atlantic in terms of maximum sustained winds since Wilma and the strongest storm on record to exist in the open Atlantic region. It was the first Category 5 hurricane to strike the Leeward Islands on record, followed by Hurricane Maria two weeks later, and is the second - costliest Caribbean hurricane on record, after Maria. The ninth named storm, fourth hurricane, second major hurricane, and first Category 5 hurricane of the 2017 Atlantic hurricane season, Irma caused widespread and catastrophic damage throughout its long lifetime, particularly in parts of the northeastern Caribbean and the Florida Keys. It was also the most intense Atlantic hurricane to strike the continental United States since Katrina in 2005, the first major hurricane to make landfall in Florida since Wilma in the same year and the first category 4 hurricane to landfall in the state since Charley in 2004.",
"title": "Hurricane Irma"
},
{
"idx": 11,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "September 10 -- 11 - Hurricane Irma makes landfall on Cudjoe Key as a Category 4 hurricane with sustained winds of 130 mph (215 km / h), then makes a second landfall on Marco Island with winds of 115 mph (185 km / h). It is the strongest hurricane in terms of windspeed to hit the state since Charley in 2004, and the most intense in terms of pressure since Andrew in 1992. Irma has killed at least 82 people in the state.",
"title": "List of Florida hurricanes (2000–present)"
},
{
"idx": 12,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Since 1850, only seven tropical cyclones have brought gale - force winds to the Southwestern United States. They are: The 1858 San Diego hurricane that was reconstructed as just missing landfall in 1858, the 1939 Long Beach tropical storm that made landfall near San Pedro in 1939, the remnants of Tropical Storm Jennifer - Katherine in 1963, the remnants of Hurricane Emily in 1965, the remnants of Hurricane Joanne in 1972, the remnants of Hurricane Kathleen in 1976, and Hurricane Nora after being downgraded to a tropical storm in 1997.",
"title": "List of California hurricanes"
},
{
"idx": 13,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Jacksonville has suffered less damage from hurricanes than most other east coast cities, although the threat does exist for a direct hit by a major hurricane. The city has only received one direct hit from a hurricane since 1871; however, Jacksonville has experienced hurricane or near-hurricane conditions more than a dozen times due to storms crossing the state from the Gulf of Mexico to the Atlantic Ocean, or passing to the north or south in the Atlantic and brushing past the area. The strongest effect on Jacksonville was from Hurricane Dora in 1964, the only recorded storm to hit the First Coast with sustained hurricane-force winds. The eye crossed St. Augustine with winds that had just barely diminished to 110 mph (180 km/h), making it a strong Category 2 on the Saffir-Simpson Scale. Jacksonville also suffered damage from 2008's Tropical Storm Fay which crisscrossed the state, bringing parts of Jacksonville under darkness for four days. Similarly, four years prior to this, Jacksonville was inundated by Hurricane Frances and Hurricane Jeanne, which made landfall south of the area. These tropical cyclones were the costliest indirect hits to Jacksonville. Hurricane Floyd in 1999 caused damage mainly to Jacksonville Beach. During Floyd, the Jacksonville Beach pier was severely damaged, and later demolished. The rebuilt pier was later damaged by Fay, but not destroyed. Tropical Storm Bonnie would cause minor damage in 2004, spawning a minor tornado in the process. On May 28, 2012, Jacksonville was hit by Tropical Storm Beryl, packing winds up to 70 miles per hour (113 km/h) which made landfall near Jacksonville Beach.",
"title": "Jacksonville, Florida"
},
{
"idx": 14,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Hurricane Maria was regarded as the worst natural disaster on record in Dominica and Puerto Rico. The tenth-most intense Atlantic hurricane on record and the most intense tropical cyclone worldwide of 2017, Maria was the thirteenth named storm, eighth consecutive hurricane, fourth major hurricane, second Category 5 hurricane, and the deadliest storm of the hyperactive 2017 Atlantic hurricane season. At its peak, the hurricane caused catastrophic damage and numerous fatalities across the northeastern Caribbean, compounding recovery efforts in the areas of the Leeward Islands already struck by Hurricane Irma. Maria was the third consecutive major hurricane to threaten the Leeward Islands in two weeks, after Irma made landfall in several of the islands two weeks prior and Hurricane Jose passed dangerously close, bringing tropical storm force winds to Barbuda.",
"title": "Hurricane Maria"
},
{
"idx": 15,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "The Tampa Bay hurricane of 1921 (also known as the 1921 Tarpon Springs hurricane) is the most recent major hurricane to strike the Tampa Bay Area. The eleventh tropical cyclone, sixth tropical storm, and fifth hurricane of the season, the storm developed from a trough in the southwestern Caribbean Sea on October 20. Initially a tropical storm, the system moved northwestward and intensified into a hurricane on October 22 and a major hurricane by October 23. Later that day, the cyclone peaked as a Category 4 on the modern day Saffir -- Simpson scale with maximum sustained winds of 140 mph (220 km / h). After entering the Gulf of Mexico, the hurricane gradually curved northeastward and weakened to a Category 3 before making landfall near Tarpon Springs, Florida, late on October 25, becoming the first major hurricane to hit the area since a hurricane in 1848. The storm quickly weakened to a Category 1 hurricane while crossing Central Florida, before reaching the Atlantic Ocean early on the following day. Thereafter, system moved east - southeastward and remained fairly steady in intensity before weakening to a tropical storm late on October 29. The storm was then absorbed by a larger extratropical cyclone early the next day, with the remnants of the hurricane soon becoming indistinguishable.",
"title": "1921 Tampa Bay hurricane"
},
{
"idx": 16,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Hurricane Harvey was an extremely destructive Atlantic hurricane which became the first major hurricane to make landfall in the United States since Wilma in 2005, ending a record 12 - year span in which no hurricanes made landfall at such an intensity in the country. In a four - day period, many areas received more than 40 inches (100 cm) of rain as the system slowly meandered over eastern Texas and adjacent waters, causing catastrophic flooding. With peak accumulations of 64.58 in (164.0 cm), Harvey is the wettest tropical cyclone on record in the United States. The resulting floods inundated hundreds of thousands of homes, displaced more than 30,000 people, and prompted more than 17,000 rescues.",
"title": "Hurricane Harvey"
},
{
"idx": 17,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "The storm originated over the Bahamas on August 23 from the interaction between a tropical wave and the remnants of Tropical Depression Ten. Early the following day, the new depression intensified into Tropical Storm Katrina. The cyclone headed generally westward toward Florida and strengthened into a hurricane only two hours before making landfall at Hallandale Beach and Aventura on August 25. After very briefly weakening to a tropical storm, Katrina emerged into the Gulf of Mexico on August 26 and began to rapidly deepen. The storm strengthened to a Category 5 hurricane over the warm waters of the Gulf of Mexico, but weakened before making its second landfall as a Category 3 hurricane on August 29, in southeast Louisiana.",
"title": "Hurricane Katrina"
},
{
"idx": 18,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Severe weather occurs regularly in North Carolina. On the average, a hurricane hits the state once a decade. Destructive hurricanes that have struck the state include Hurricane Fran, Hurricane Floyd, and Hurricane Hazel, the strongest storm to make landfall in the state, as a Category 4 in 1954. Hurricane Isabel stands out as the most damaging of the 21st century. Tropical storms arrive every 3 or 4 years. In addition, many hurricanes and tropical storms graze the state. In some years, several hurricanes or tropical storms can directly strike the state or brush across the coastal areas. Only Florida and Louisiana are hit by hurricanes more often. Although many people believe that hurricanes menace only coastal areas, the rare hurricane which moves inland quickly enough can cause severe damage; for example, in 1989, Hurricane Hugo caused heavy damage in Charlotte and even as far inland as the Blue Ridge Mountains in the northwestern part of the state. On the average, North Carolina has 50 days of thunderstorm activity per year, with some storms becoming severe enough to produce hail, flash floods, and damaging winds.",
"title": "North Carolina"
},
{
"idx": 19,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Hurricane Edith was the strongest hurricane to form during the 1971 Atlantic hurricane season and the southernmost landfalling Category 5 hurricane on record in the Atlantic until surpassed by Hurricane Felix of 2007. Edith developed from a tropical wave on September 5 and quickly strengthened into a hurricane in the Caribbean Sea. Edith rapidly intensified on September 9 and made landfall on Cape Gracias a Dios as a Category 5 hurricane on the Saffir - Simpson Hurricane Scale. It quickly lost intensity over Central America and after briefly entering the Gulf of Honduras it crossed the Yucatán Peninsula in Mexico. After moving across the Gulf of Mexico a trough turned the storm to the northeast and Edith, after having restrengthened while accelerating towards the coast, made landfall on Louisiana with winds of 105 mph (170 km / h) on September 16. Edith steadily weakened over land and dissipated over Georgia on September 18.",
"title": "Hurricane Edith (1971)"
}
],
"question": "when did Hurricane Maria make landfall in the country where groups not from the US came from in The Sing Off?",
"question_decomposition": [
{
"answer": "Puerto Rico",
"id": 25478,
"paragraph_support_idx": 6,
"question": "In The Sing-Off, where did the groups not from the United States come from?"
},
{
"answer": "September 20",
"id": 60641,
"paragraph_support_idx": 3,
"question": "when did hurricane maria make landfall in #1"
}
]
} |
2hop__147406_63766 | What is the name of the castle in the city where Václav Hrabě died? | Prague Castle | [
"Prague Castle"
] | {
"answer": "Prague Castle",
"answer_aliases": [],
"answerable": true,
"id": "2hop__147406_63766",
"paragraphs": [
{
"idx": 0,
"is_supporting": true,
"paragraph_text": "Václav Hrabě (June 13, 1940, Příbram, Czechoslovakia – March 5, 1965, Prague, Czechoslovakia) was a Czech poet and writer, and the most important member of the Beat Generation in former Czechoslovakia.",
"title": "Václav Hrabě"
},
{
"idx": 1,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "President of the Czech Republic Prezident České republiky Presidential Standard Incumbent Miloš Zeman since 8 March 2013 Style His Excellency Residence Prague Castle Seat Prague, Czech Republic Appointer Popular vote Term length Five years Renewable once, consecutively Inaugural holder Václav Havel 2 February 1993 Formation Constitution of the Czech Republic Salary 2,235,600 Kč ($86,830) Website www.hrad.cz",
"title": "President of the Czech Republic"
},
{
"idx": 2,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Widowed in 1861, the grief-stricken Queen withdrew from public life and left Buckingham Palace to live at Windsor Castle, Balmoral Castle and Osborne House. For many years the palace was seldom used, even neglected. In 1864, a note was found pinned to the fence of Buckingham Palace, saying: \"These commanding premises to be let or sold, in consequence of the late occupant's declining business.\" Eventually, public opinion forced the Queen to return to London, though even then she preferred to live elsewhere whenever possible. Court functions were still held at Windsor Castle, presided over by the sombre Queen habitually dressed in mourning black, while Buckingham Palace remained shuttered for most of the year.",
"title": "Buckingham Palace"
},
{
"idx": 3,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "How to Drown Dr. Mracek, the Lawyer () is a Czech comedy film directed by Václav Vorlíček. It was released in 1974.",
"title": "How to Drown Dr. Mracek, the Lawyer"
},
{
"idx": 4,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Castle Goring was designed by John Rebecca for Sir Bysshe Shelley, 1st Baronet. It was intended that his grandson, the renowned poet Percy Bysshe Shelley, would live at Castle Goring; however, he drowned in Italy aged just 29, so he never took possession of the house.",
"title": "Castle Goring"
},
{
"idx": 5,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Wenceslas (Václav, or Wenzel) Bojer (23 September 1795 in Řesanice, Bohemia, now Czech Republic – 4 June 1856 in Port Louis, Mauritius) was a notable naturalist and botanist.",
"title": "Wenceslas Bojer"
},
{
"idx": 6,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Václav Krška (7 October 1900 – 17 November 1969) was a Czech film director and screenwriter. He directed 31 films between 1939 and 1969.",
"title": "Václav Krška"
},
{
"idx": 7,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Tubular Bells II, The Performance Live at Edinburgh Castle is a live concert video by Mike Oldfield released in 1992.",
"title": "Tubular Bells II Live"
},
{
"idx": 8,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Surviving Life () is a 2010 Czech comedy film by Jan Švankmajer, starring Václav Helšus, Klára Issová and Zuzana Kronerová. The film uses a mix of cutout animation from photographs and live-action segments, and tells the story of a married man who lives a double life in his dreams, where he meets another woman. It premiered out of competition at the 67th Venice International Film Festival.",
"title": "Surviving Life"
},
{
"idx": 9,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Václav Hladík (August 22, 1868 in Prague - April 29, 1913 in Prague) was a Czech novelist, journalist and translator. Being prolific and somewhat popular in his time, his name and works later fell into obscurity.",
"title": "Václav Hladík"
},
{
"idx": 10,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Elisa von der Recke was born in Schönberg, Skaistkalne parish, Courland, the daughter of Graf (later Reichsgraf) Johann Friedrich von Medem and his wife, Luise Dorothea von Korff. Her younger half-sister was Dorothea von Medem, for whom she carried out diplomatic work. In 1771 she married Kammerherr Georg Peter Magnus von der Recke, living with him at Neuenburg Castle (now Jaunpils Castle). She separated from him in 1776 and divorced in 1781. Their daughter, Frederika von der Recke, died in 1777.",
"title": "Elisa von der Recke"
},
{
"idx": 11,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Armand Samuel de Marescot, born in Tours on 1 March 1758, died November 5, 1832 at Castle Chaslay near Montoire Loir-et-Cher was a French general of engineering in the French Revolutionary Wars and the Napoleonic Wars. MARESCOT is one of the names inscribed under the Arc de Triomphe, on Column 14.",
"title": "Armand Samuel de Marescot"
},
{
"idx": 12,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "By the 17th century the Rosenbergs had died out, and Holy Roman Emperor Ferdinand II gave the dominion of Krumau to Hans Ulrich von Eggenberg, naming him Duke of Krumau. After the death of Hans Ulrich's son, Johann Anton I von Eggenberg, the castle was administered for the period between 1649 and 1664 by his widow, Anna Maria.",
"title": "Český Krumlov Castle"
},
{
"idx": 13,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "May Events () is a Czech comedy film directed by Václav Berdych and Martin Frič. It was released in 1951.",
"title": "May Events"
},
{
"idx": 14,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Václav Jan Kopřiva (pseudonym Urtica) (8 February 1708 in Cítoliby, near Louny – 7 June 1789 in Cítoliby) was a Bohemian composer and organist.",
"title": "Václav Jan Kopřiva"
},
{
"idx": 15,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Václav Šmídl (born 18 March 1940) is a Czech former volleyball player who competed for Czechoslovakia in the 1964 Summer Olympics.",
"title": "Václav Šmídl"
},
{
"idx": 16,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Václav Smetáček (30 September 1906 in Brno – 18 February 1986 in Prague) was a Czech conductor, composer, and oboist.",
"title": "Václav Smetáček"
},
{
"idx": 17,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Václav Brožík ( ; 6 March 1851, Třemošná - 15 April 1901 Paris) was a Czech painter who worked in the academic style.",
"title": "Václav Brožík"
},
{
"idx": 18,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "The Peqin Castle () is a castle in Peqin, Albania. In the Roman times the city was known by the name of Clodiana, an Illyrian-inhabited territory. The foundations of the castle are thought to date from the Roman period, the time of the construction of the Via Egnatia. Its walls at one point had a height of around . The castle was later rebuilt and expanded during the Turkish occupation of Albania, at which time it was passed into the control of the Sipahi (lord) of the local fief, who added a palace and a harem. The last resident of the castle was Demir Pasha.",
"title": "Peqin Castle"
},
{
"idx": 19,
"is_supporting": true,
"paragraph_text": "Prague Castle General information Architectural style Baroque and Mannerism Location 119 08 Prague 1, Czech Republic Current tenants Miloš Zeman, President of the Czech Republic and the First Lady Construction started 870; 1148 years ago (870) Completed 1929; 89 years ago (1929) Design and construction Architect Matthias of Arras and Peter Parler Website www.hrad.cz",
"title": "Prague Castle"
}
],
"question": "What is the name of the castle in the city where Václav Hrabě died?",
"question_decomposition": [
{
"answer": "Prague",
"id": 147406,
"paragraph_support_idx": 0,
"question": "Where did Václav Hrabě live when he died?"
},
{
"answer": "Prague Castle",
"id": 63766,
"paragraph_support_idx": 19,
"question": "what is the name of the castle in #1"
}
]
} |
3hop1__130195_639206_53910 | Who was the president of the U.S. immediately following the conflict in which the 55th Infantry Division from the district where North Meols is located participated? | Thomas Woodrow Wilson | [
"Thomas Woodrow Wilson",
"Woodrow Wilson"
] | {
"answer": "Thomas Woodrow Wilson",
"answer_aliases": [
"Woodrow Wilson"
],
"answerable": true,
"id": "3hop1__130195_639206_53910",
"paragraphs": [
{
"idx": 0,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Edward Lawrence Logan (January 20, 1875 – July 6, 1939) was an American lawyer, judge, military officer, and politician. While still a student, Logan enlisted in the Massachusetts 9th infantry during the Spanish–American War. Upon returning to Boston, he ran successfully for a seat on the Boston City Council in 1899, and subsequently won election to the Massachusetts state legislature as both a representative, and later as a state senator. Rising to the rank of major general following the First World War, he was given command of the 26th Infantry Division of the United States Army. Logan was instrumental in the post–World War I reorganization of that unit, as well as the Massachusetts National Guard. He would go on to serve as head of the American Legion's Massachusetts division.",
"title": "Edward Lawrence Logan"
},
{
"idx": 1,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "The President, Directors and Company, of the Bank of the United States, commonly known as the First Bank of the United States, was a national bank, chartered for a term of twenty years, by the United States Congress on February 25, 1791. It followed the Bank of North America, the nation's first de facto central bank.",
"title": "First Bank of the United States"
},
{
"idx": 2,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Cross Timbers State Park is a state park in Woodson County, Kansas, United States. It is located immediately south of Toronto.",
"title": "Cross Timbers State Park"
},
{
"idx": 3,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Harry S. Truman 33rd President of the United States In office April 12, 1945 -- January 20, 1953 Vice President None (1945 -- 1949) Alben W. Barkley (1949 -- 1953) Preceded by Franklin D. Roosevelt Succeeded by Dwight D. Eisenhower 34th Vice President of the United States In office January 20, 1945 -- April 12, 1945 President Franklin D. Roosevelt Preceded by Henry A. Wallace Succeeded by Alben W. Barkley United States Senator from Missouri In office January 3, 1935 -- January 17, 1945 Preceded by Roscoe C. Patterson Succeeded by Frank P. Briggs Presiding Judge of Jackson County, Missouri In office January 1, 1927 -- January 1, 1935 Preceded by Elihu W. Hayes Succeeded by Eugene I. Purcell Judge of Jackson County, Missouri's Eastern District In office January 1, 1923 -- January 1, 1925 Preceded by James E. Gilday Succeeded by Henry Rummel Personal details (1884 - 05 - 08) May 8, 1884 Lamar, Missouri, U.S. December 26, 1972 (1972 - 12 - 26) (aged 88) Kansas City, Missouri, U.S. Resting place Harry S. Truman Presidential Library and Museum Independence, Missouri, U.S. Political party Democratic Spouse (s) Bess Wallace (m. 1919) Children Margaret Truman Parents John Anderson Truman Martha Ellen Young Education Spalding's Commercial College UMKC School of Law (withdrew) Signature Military service Allegiance United States Service / branch United States Army Missouri National Guard United States Army Reserve Years of service 1905 -- 1911 (Missouri National Guard) 1917 -- 1919 (United States Army) 1920 -- 1953 (Reserve) Rank First Lieutenant (National Guard) Major (Army) Colonel (Reserve) Commands Battery D, 129th Field Artillery, 60th Brigade, 35th Infantry Division 1st Battalion, 379th Field Artillery Regiment, 102nd Infantry Division 379th Field Artillery Regiment, 102nd Infantry Division Battles / wars World War I Western Front",
"title": "Harry S. Truman"
},
{
"idx": 4,
"is_supporting": true,
"paragraph_text": "Thomas Woodrow Wilson (December 28, 1856 -- February 3, 1924) was an American statesman and academic who served as the 28th President of the United States from 1913 to 1921. A member of the Democratic Party, Wilson served as the President of Princeton University from 1902 to 1910, and as Governor of New Jersey from 1911 to 1913, before winning the 1912 presidential election. As president, he oversaw the passage of progressive legislative policies unparalleled until the New Deal in 1933. He also led the United States during World War I, establishing an activist foreign policy known as ``Wilsonianism. ''He was one of the three key leaders at the 1919 Paris Peace Conference, where he championed a new League of Nations, but he was unable to win Senate approval for U.S. participation in the League.",
"title": "Woodrow Wilson"
},
{
"idx": 5,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Ridgely Gaither (February 23, 1903 – October 26, 1992) was a United States Army lieutenant general prominent as commander of the 40th Infantry Division during the Korean War, and commander of the XVIII Airborne Corps, U.S. Army Caribbean Command and Second United States Army.",
"title": "Ridgely Gaither"
},
{
"idx": 6,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "The 1st Alpine Division Taurinense was a World War II light Infantry division of the Italian Army which specialised in Mountain Combat. The \"Alpini\" that formed the divisions are a highly decorated and elite mountain corps of the Italian Army consisting of both infantry and artillery units. Today, the traditions and name of the 1st Alpine Division Taurinense are carried on by the Alpine Brigade Taurinense.",
"title": "1st Alpine Division Taurinense"
},
{
"idx": 7,
"is_supporting": true,
"paragraph_text": "The 199th (2/1st Manchester) Brigade was an infantry brigade formation of the British Army that saw active service during the Great War as part of 66th (2nd East Lancashire) Division and was reformed as 199th Infantry Brigade in World War II, serving with 55th (West Lancashire) Infantry Division until August 1944 when it was redesignated 166th Infantry Brigade.",
"title": "199th (Manchester) Brigade"
},
{
"idx": 8,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "The 20th Indian Infantry Division was an infantry division of the Indian Army during World War II, formed in India, and took part in the Burma Campaign during World War II. In the immediate aftermath of the War, the bulk of the division was deployed to French Indochina to oversee the handover from Japanese to French rule. For nearly all is operational life the division was commanded by Major General Douglas Gracey",
"title": "20th Infantry Division (India)"
},
{
"idx": 9,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "The was an infantry division in the Imperial Japanese Army. Its tsūshōgō code name was the or 1515 or 1573. The \"9th Division\" was one of six infantry divisions newly raised by the Imperial Japanese Army after the First Sino-Japanese War (1894–1895). Its troops were recruited primarily from communities in the Hokuriku region of Japan (Ishikawa, Toyama and Fukui, with its headquarters located within the grounds of Kanazawa Castle.",
"title": "9th Division (Imperial Japanese Army)"
},
{
"idx": 10,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "\"The President of the United States of America, in the name of Congress, takes pleasure in presenting the Medal of Honor to Quartermaster Sergeant David H. Scofield, United States Army, for extraordinary heroism on 19 October 1864, while serving with Company K, 5th New York Cavalry, in action at Cedar Creek, Virginia, for capture of flag of 13th Virginia Infantry (Confederate States of America).\"",
"title": "David H. Scofield"
},
{
"idx": 11,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Mark Leslie Hersey (December 1, 1863 – January 22, 1934) was a Major General in the United States Army who commanded the 4th Infantry Division during World War I.",
"title": "Mark L. Hersey"
},
{
"idx": 12,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "The 188th Infantry Brigade is an infantry training brigade of the United States Army based at Fort Stewart, Georgia. It is a subordinate unit of the First United States Army, Division East.",
"title": "188th Infantry Brigade (United States)"
},
{
"idx": 13,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "The Battle of Taejon (14–21 July 1950) was an early battle of the Korean War, between American and North Korean forces. Forces of the United States Army attempted to defend the headquarters of the 24th Infantry Division. The 24th Infantry Division was overwhelmed by numerically superior forces of the Korean People's Army (KPA) at the major city and transportation hub of Taejon. The 24th Infantry Division's regiments were already exhausted from the previous two weeks of delaying actions to stem the advance of the KPA.",
"title": "Battle of Taejon"
},
{
"idx": 14,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Major General Isaac Rapp Brush (November 7, 1889 – March 6, 1958) was a United States Army officer who commanded the 40th Infantry Division from 1942 to 1945 during its World War II involvement in the United States armed forces' reconquest of the Philippines.",
"title": "Rapp Brush"
},
{
"idx": 15,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "James L. Terry is a Lieutenant General (Ret) in the United States Army. He was born in Chatsworth, Georgia on May 14, 1957. In 1978, he graduated from North Georgia College (now known as University of North Georgia) and through ROTC, commissioned into the Infantry. Terry has commanded at multiple levels across the Army. Terry's last assignment was as the commanding general of United States Army Central, retiring 17 November 2015. Terry served as the last commander of V Corps before its inactivation in 2013. While commanding V Corps, he concurrently served as Commander, International Security Assistance Force Joint Command (IJC), and as deputy commander of United States Forces Afghanistan. He was the Commanding General of the 10th Mountain Division (Light Infantry) from 2009 to 2011.",
"title": "James L. Terry"
},
{
"idx": 16,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Otterbein is a small neighborhood of historic rowhouses in Baltimore, Maryland, United States. Otterbein is immediately southwest of, and in close walking distance to, the Inner Harbor. The neighborhood is very compact, entirely located between Hanover Street and Sharp Street, and between Barre Street and Henrietta Street. It is in small parts of zip codes 21201 and 21230. It is named for Old Otterbein Church (Baltimore, Maryland), located immediately north of the neighborhood.",
"title": "Otterbein, Baltimore"
},
{
"idx": 17,
"is_supporting": true,
"paragraph_text": "North Meols is a civil parish and electoral ward in the West Lancashire district of Lancashire, England. The parish covers the village of Banks and the hamlet of Hundred End. The population of the parish/ward at the 2011 census was 4,146. Historically the parish covered a wider area including much of what is now Southport.",
"title": "North Meols"
},
{
"idx": 18,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Normandy landings Part of Operation Overlord, Invasion of Normandy Men of the 16th Infantry Regiment, U.S. 1st Infantry Division wade ashore on Omaha Beach on the morning of 6 June 1944 Date June 6, 1944; 73 years ago (1944 - 06 - 06) Location Normandy, France Result Decisive Allied victory Territorial changes Five Allied beachheads established in Normandy Belligerents United Kingdom United States Canada Australia Belgium Czechoslovakia Denmark Free France Greece Netherlands New Zealand Norway Poland Germany Commanders and leaders Dwight D. Eisenhower Bernard Montgomery Omar Bradley Miles Dempsey Trafford Leigh - Mallory Bertram Ramsay Arthur Tedder Gerd von Rundstedt Erwin Rommel Leo Geyr von Schweppenburg Friedrich Dollmann Hans von Salmuth Wilhelm Falley † Units involved First Army Omaha Beach: V Corps 1st Infantry Division 29th Infantry Division Utah Beach: VII Corps 4th Infantry Division 82nd Airborne Division 90th Infantry Division 101st Airborne Division Second Army Gold Beach XXX Corps 50th Infantry Division Juno Beach I Corps 3rd Canadian Infantry Division Sword Beach I Corps 3rd Infantry Division 6th Airborne Division 5th Panzer Army South of Caen 21st Panzer Division 7th Army Omaha 352nd Infantry Division Utah Beach 709th Static Division Gold, Juno, and Sword 716th Static Division Strength 156,000 50,350 + 170 coastal artillery guns. Includes guns from 100mm to 210mm, as well as 320mm rocket launchers. Casualties and losses 10,000 + casualties; 4,414 confirmed dead 185 M4 Sherman tanks 4,000 -- 9,000 casualties",
"title": "Normandy landings"
},
{
"idx": 19,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Elections to the United States House of Representatives were held in 1896 for members of the 55th Congress, coinciding with the election of President William McKinley.",
"title": "1896 United States House of Representatives elections"
}
],
"question": "Who was the president of the U.S. immediately following the conflict in which the 55th Infantry Division from the district where North Meols is located participated?",
"question_decomposition": [
{
"answer": "West Lancashire",
"id": 130195,
"paragraph_support_idx": 17,
"question": "What is the name of the state where North Meols is located?"
},
{
"answer": "World War I",
"id": 639206,
"paragraph_support_idx": 7,
"question": "55th (#1 ) Infantry Division >> conflict"
},
{
"answer": "Thomas Woodrow Wilson",
"id": 53910,
"paragraph_support_idx": 4,
"question": "who was president of the united states immediately following #2 i"
}
]
} |
2hop__108854_161698 | What was the vocation of the creator of The Genius of Victory? | Italian painter | [
"Italian painter"
] | {
"answer": "Italian painter",
"answer_aliases": [],
"answerable": true,
"id": "2hop__108854_161698",
"paragraphs": [
{
"idx": 0,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Jeffrey Garcia (born May 3, 1977) is an American stand - up comedian, actor and voice actor, who is best known for voicing Sheen Estevez in Jimmy Neutron: Boy Genius, and its two Nickelodeon spin - off series The Adventures of Jimmy Neutron: Boy Genius and Planet Sheen.",
"title": "Jeffrey Garcia"
},
{
"idx": 1,
"is_supporting": true,
"paragraph_text": "The Genius of Victory is a 1532–1534 marble sculpture by Michelangelo, produced as part of a design for the tomb of Pope Julius II. It is 2.61 m high and is now in the Salone dei Cinquecento of the Palazzo Vecchio in Florence.",
"title": "The Genius of Victory"
},
{
"idx": 2,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Forfás () was the national policy advisory board for enterprise, trade, science, technology and innovation in Ireland. The agency was established in January 1994 under the Industrial Development Act, 1993 and was run by a board appointed by the Minister for Jobs, Enterprise and Innovation, to whom the agency is responsible. Forfás was dissolved on 1 August 2014 and its functions were transferred to the Department of Jobs, Enterprise and Innovation, Enterprise Ireland, the Industrial Development Authority and the Health and Safety Authority.",
"title": "Forfás"
},
{
"idx": 3,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "All current USB On-The-Go (OTG) devices are required to have one, and only one, USB connector: a micro-AB receptacle. Non-OTG compliant devices are not allowed to use the micro-AB receptacle, due to power supply shorting hazards on the VBUS line. The micro-AB receptacle is capable of accepting both micro-A and micro-B plugs, attached to any of the legal cables and adapters as defined in revision 1.01 of the micro-USB specification. Prior to the development of micro-USB, USB On-The-Go devices were required to use mini-AB receptacles to perform the equivalent job.",
"title": "USB"
},
{
"idx": 4,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "In 1985, a power struggle developed between Jobs and CEO John Sculley, who had been hired two years earlier. In fact it was Jobs himself who had convinced Sculley to join Apple using the famous lines \"Do you want to sell sugar water for the rest of your life or come with me and change the world?\" The Apple board of directors instructed Sculley to \"contain\" Jobs and limit his ability to launch expensive forays into untested products. Rather than submit to Sculley's direction, Jobs attempted to oust him from his leadership role at Apple. Sculley found out that Jobs had been attempting to organize a coup and called a board meeting at which Apple's board of directors sided with Sculley and removed Jobs from his managerial duties. Jobs resigned from Apple and founded NeXT Inc. the same year. Wozniak also left active employment at Apple in 1985 to pursue other ventures, expressing his frustration with Apple's treatment of the Apple II division and stating that the company had \"been going in the wrong direction for the last five years\". Despite these grievances, Wozniak left the company amicably and both Jobs and Wozniak remained Apple shareholders. Wozniak continues to represent the company at events or in interviews, receiving a stipend estimated to be $120,000 per year for this role.",
"title": "Apple Inc."
},
{
"idx": 5,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "The pupils of the school obtain secondary education, labor and vocational skills, which gives them the opportunity to continue their education in colleges or universities or find job in Ukraine once they have graduated from the Fontanka School.",
"title": "Fontanka School"
},
{
"idx": 6,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Leonard Jimmie Savage (born Leonard Ogashevitz; 20 November 1917 – 1 November 1971) was an American mathematician and statistician. Economist Milton Friedman said Savage was \"one of the few people I have met whom I would unhesitatingly call a genius.\"",
"title": "Leonard Jimmie Savage"
},
{
"idx": 7,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "One Night Genius () is the first Thailand reality quiz show, on Thai TV Channel 3. First broadcasting in July 3, 2006. Present by Phanya Nirunkul and Tankhun Jitissara. Production by Workpoint Entertainment Public Company Limited. In every week, 8 competitors from 8 branches of professions have competed in the contest for the 1 million baht prize (approx. $30,000) and the place where the contest is held have been changed every week.",
"title": "One Night Genius"
},
{
"idx": 8,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "100 Classic Book Collection, known in North America as 100 Classic Books, is an e-book collection developed by Genius Sonority and published by Nintendo, which was released for the Nintendo DS handheld video game console. First released in Europe in December 2008, it was later released in Australia in January 2009, and in North America in June 2010. The game includes one hundred public domain works of literature.",
"title": "100 Classic Book Collection"
},
{
"idx": 9,
"is_supporting": true,
"paragraph_text": "Michelangelo Merisi (Michele Angelo Merigi or Amerighi) da Caravaggio (, US: , Italian pronunciation: [mikeˈlandʒelo meˈriːzi da (k)karaˈvaddʒo]; 28 September 1571 – 18 July 1610) was an Italian painter active in Rome, Naples, Malta, and Sicily from the early 1590s to 1610. His paintings combine a realistic observation of the human state, both physical and emotional, with a dramatic use of lighting, which had a formative influence on Baroque painting.Caravaggio employed close physical observation with a dramatic use of chiaroscuro that came to be known as tenebrism. He made the technique a dominant stylistic element, darkening shadows and transfixing subjects in bright shafts of light. Caravaggio vividly expressed crucial moments and scenes, often featuring violent struggles, torture and death. He worked rapidly, with live models, preferring to forgo drawings and work directly onto the canvas. His influence on the new Baroque style that emerged from Mannerism was profound. It can be seen directly or indirectly in the work of Peter Paul Rubens, Jusepe de Ribera, Gian Lorenzo Bernini, and Rembrandt, and artists in the following generation heavily under his influence were called the \"Caravaggisti\" or \"Caravagesques\", as well as tenebrists or tenebrosi (\"shadowists\").",
"title": "Caravaggio"
},
{
"idx": 10,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "People on Sunday () is a 1930 German silent drama film directed by Robert Siodmak and Edgar G. Ulmer from a screenplay by Billy Wilder. The film follows the lives of a group of residents of Berlin on a summer's day during the interwar period. Hailed as a work of genius, it is a pivotal film not only in the development of German cinema but also of Hollywood. In addition to the directors and Wilder, the film features the talents of Curt Siodmak (story), Fred Zinnemann (cinematography) and Eugen Schüfftan, who had developed the Schüfftan process for \"Metropolis\" three years earlier.",
"title": "People on Sunday"
},
{
"idx": 11,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Barcelona hold the record for most victories, winning the competition three times. Corinthians' inaugural victory remains the best result from a host nation's national league champions. Teams from Spain have won the tournament five times, the most for any nation.",
"title": "FIFA Club World Cup"
},
{
"idx": 12,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "The Mughal dynasty was established after the victory of Babur at Panipat in 1526. During his five-year reign, Babur took considerable interest in erecting buildings, though few have survived. His grandson Akbar built widely, and the style developed vigorously during his reign. Among his accomplishments were Agra Fort, the fort-city of Fatehpur Sikri, and the Buland Darwaza. Akbar's son Jahangir commissioned the Shalimar Gardens in Kashmir.",
"title": "Mughal architecture"
},
{
"idx": 13,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "The HSRC originates in the National Bureau of Education and Social Research (founded in 1929). In recent years the HSRC has undergone major restructuring, aligning its research activities and structures to South Africa's national development priorities: notably poverty reduction through economic development, skills enhancement, job creation, the elimination of discrimination and inequalities, and effective service delivery. In essence, the HSRC is looking at the following broad dimensions of Poverty, Inequality and Inclusive Development under the following banners, which are:",
"title": "Human Sciences Research Council"
},
{
"idx": 14,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "The original iPhone was introduced by Steve Jobs on January 9, 2007 in a keynote address at the Macworld Conference & Expo held in Moscone West in San Francisco, California. In his address, Jobs said, ``This is a day, that I have been looking forward to for two and a half years '', and that`` today, Apple is going to reinvent the phone.'' Jobs introduced the iPhone as a combination of three devices: a ``widescreen iPod with touch controls ''; a`` revolutionary mobile phone''; and a ``breakthrough Internet communicator ''.",
"title": "IPhone (1st generation)"
},
{
"idx": 15,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Burrel's innovative design, which combined the low production cost of an Apple II with the computing power of Lisa's CPU, the Motorola 68K, received the attention of Steve Jobs, co-founder of Apple. Realizing that the Macintosh was more marketable than the Lisa, he began to focus his attention on the project. Raskin left the team in 1981 over a personality conflict with Jobs. Team member Andy Hertzfeld said that the final Macintosh design is closer to Jobs' ideas than Raskin's. After hearing of the pioneering GUI technology being developed at Xerox PARC, Jobs had negotiated a visit to see the Xerox Alto computer and its Smalltalk development tools in exchange for Apple stock options. The Lisa and Macintosh user interfaces were influenced by technology seen at Xerox PARC and were combined with the Macintosh group's own ideas. Jobs also commissioned industrial designer Hartmut Esslinger to work on the Macintosh line, resulting in the \"Snow White\" design language; although it came too late for the earliest Macs, it was implemented in most other mid- to late-1980s Apple computers. However, Jobs' leadership at the Macintosh project did not last; after an internal power struggle with new CEO John Sculley, Jobs resigned from Apple in 1985. He went on to found NeXT, another computer company targeting the education market, and did not return until 1997, when Apple acquired NeXT.",
"title": "Macintosh"
},
{
"idx": 16,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Figures vary as to exactly how often the Generals have beaten their rivals. Some reports say six, while the team's official website reports having three victories over the Globetrotters, one each in 1954, 1958, and 1971. The 1971 win is the most storied of these, and is sometimes reported as the team's sole victory.",
"title": "Washington Generals"
},
{
"idx": 17,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Victory Park is a master planned development northwest of downtown Dallas, Texas (USA) and north of Spur 366 (Woodall Rodgers Freeway). It is along Interstate 35E, part of the Stemmons Corridor and Uptown.",
"title": "Victory Park, Dallas"
},
{
"idx": 18,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "French industrialist Pierre Bardou-Job became wealthy selling rolling paper and decided to have a château built for each of his three children, all designed by the Danish architect Viggo Dorph-Petersen. The Château d'Aubiry was for his son Justin and was built from 1893 to 1904. Pierre Bardou-Job himself never saw it, as he died suddenly in 1892 just before the start of the construction.",
"title": "Château d'Aubiry"
},
{
"idx": 19,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Genius Squad is a novel written by Catherine Jinks published in 2008 by Allen & Unwin, Australia. It is the second book in a series that follows the main character Cadel Piggot, a young genius living in Australia.",
"title": "Genius Squad"
}
],
"question": "What was the vocation of the creator of The Genius of Victory?",
"question_decomposition": [
{
"answer": "Michelangelo",
"id": 108854,
"paragraph_support_idx": 1,
"question": "Who developed The Genius of Victory?"
},
{
"answer": "Italian painter",
"id": 161698,
"paragraph_support_idx": 9,
"question": "What job did #1 have?"
}
]
} |
3hop1__350221_369053_59330 | Where is the army navy game played in the city where the leader of The Soul Clan was born? | Lincoln Financial Field | [
"Lincoln Financial Field"
] | {
"answer": "Lincoln Financial Field",
"answer_aliases": [],
"answerable": true,
"id": "3hop1__350221_369053_59330",
"paragraphs": [
{
"idx": 0,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "The Chief Guest of the function is the President of India who arrives escorted by the Presidential Body Guard (PBG), a cavalry unit. When the President arrives, the PBG commander asks the unit to give the National Salute, which is followed by playing of the Indian National Anthem, Jana Gana Mana, by the Army developed the ceremony of display by the massed bands in which Military Bands, Pipe and Drum Bands, Buglers and Trumpeters from various Army Regiments besides bands from the Navy and Air Force take part which play popular tunes like Abide With Me, Mahatma Gandhi's favourite hymn, and Saare Jahan Se Achcha at the end.",
"title": "Delhi Republic Day parade"
},
{
"idx": 1,
"is_supporting": true,
"paragraph_text": "The Soul Clan was a collective of American soul musicians led by Solomon Burke, which started in 1966 as started by Burke, Otis Redding, Wilson Pickett, Don Covay and Joe Tex. Later, both Pickett and Redding left the collective and were replaced by fellow Atlantic artists such as Arthur Conley (a protege of Redding's) and Ben E. King. After the release of the minor successful R&B song, \"Soul Meeting\", the collective broke up in 1969. The collective, which included Pickett stepping in for Conley, who had by then settled in Europe, briefly reunited in 1981 for a brief performance before splintering for good.",
"title": "The Soul Clan"
},
{
"idx": 2,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "It's the Old Army Game is a 1926 American silent comedy film starring W. C. Fields and Louise Brooks. The \"army game\" is the shell game, a con-trick which WC Fields observes being played. \"It's the old army game\" he says, sagely. The film was directed by A. Edward Sutherland, billed as Eddie Sutherland, and co-stars Sutherland's aunt, the stage actress Blanche Ring in one of her few silent film appearances. The film is based on the revue \"The Comic Supplement\" by Joseph P. McEvoy and Fields, and included several skits from Fields' stage plays.",
"title": "It's the Old Army Game"
},
{
"idx": 3,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "The Army Navy Match Part of the Inter-Services Competition Twickenham Stadium ARU RNRU Locale London Teams ARU RNRU First meeting 13 February 1878 (Annually since 6 March 1909) Latest meeting 5 May 2018 Army 22 - 14 Stadiums Twickenham Stadium Trophy The Babcock Trophy Statistics All - time series Army 62, Navy 35, Draws 4 (1939, 1969 1980 and 2016) Largest victory Army, 50 -- 7 (2009) Smallest victory Navy 11 -- 10 (1921), Navy 9 -- 8 (1948), Navy 17 -- 16 (1978), Army 10 -- 9 (1983) The above statistics do not include the matches before the first official match in 1907. 1907 was the first official Army Navy match played after the formation of the Army RUgby Union in 1906. The Royal Navy Rugby Union did not form until the 1907 / 08 season. Other information Current sponsor Babcock International",
"title": "Army Navy Match"
},
{
"idx": 4,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "The Battle Among the Clans (大香港) is a Hong Kong clan drama series produced by TVB that took place from the mid-1940s to 1950s.",
"title": "The Battle Among the Clans"
},
{
"idx": 5,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "The current iteration of the Canadian Armed Forces dates from 1 February 1968, when the Royal Canadian Navy, Canadian Army, and Royal Canadian Air Force were merged into a unified structure and superseded by elemental commands. Its roots, however, lie in colonial militia groups that served alongside garrisons of the French and British armies and navies; a structure that remained in place until the early 20th century. Thereafter, a distinctly Canadian army and navy was established, followed by an air force, that, because of the constitutional arrangements at the time, remained effectively under the control of the British government until Canada gained legislative independence from the United Kingdom in 1931, in part due to the distinguished achievement and sacrifice of the Canadian Corps in the First World War.",
"title": "Canadian Armed Forces"
},
{
"idx": 6,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Abatai was born in the Manchu Aisin Gioro clan, the imperial clan of the Qing dynasty, as part of the Plain Blue Banner. He was the seventh son of Nurhaci, the khan of the Later Jin dynasty, the precursor of the Qing dynasty. His mother, who was from the Irgen Gioro (伊爾根覺羅) clan, was a concubine of Nurhaci.",
"title": "Abatai"
},
{
"idx": 7,
"is_supporting": true,
"paragraph_text": "Following the American Revolution, Philadelphia became especially renowned for musical development and was the home of the esteemed Alexander Reinagle, John Christopher Moller, Rayner Taylor and Susannah Haswell Rowson. Reinagle became the most influential figure in Philadelphia's musical life, organizing a number of concerts, organizations and musical events. Francis Hopkinson, a signer of the Declaration of Independence, was a notable composer of the period. One of his compositions, \"My Days Have Been So Wondrous Free\", is well-remembered as the first art song from the United States (though this is disputed); it is, however, lacking in originality and innovation to set it apart from European compositions.",
"title": "Music of Pennsylvania"
},
{
"idx": 8,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "In Ancient Egyptian mythology, Meskhenet, (also spelt Mesenet, Meskhent, and Meshkent) was the goddess of childbirth, and the creator of each child's Ka, a part of their soul, which she breathed into them at the moment of birth. She was worshipped from the earliest of times by Egyptians.",
"title": "Meskhenet"
},
{
"idx": 9,
"is_supporting": true,
"paragraph_text": "All games contested in Philadelphia through 1935 were played at Franklin Field, the home field of the University of Pennsylvania. From 1936 through 1979, all games contested in Philadelphia were held in Municipal Stadium, renamed John F. Kennedy Stadium in 1964. From 1980 - 2001, all games contested in Philadelphia were hosted by Veterans Stadium. Since 2003, all games contested in Philadelphia have been played in Lincoln Financial Field.",
"title": "Army–Navy Game"
},
{
"idx": 10,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Most Western and Commonwealth militaries integrate air defence purely with the traditional services, of the military (i.e. army, navy and air force), as a separate arm or as part of artillery. In the United States Army for instance, air defence is part of the artillery arm, while in the Pakistan Army, it was split off from Artillery to form a separate arm of its own in 1990. This is in contrast to some (largely communist or ex-communist) countries where not only are there provisions for air defence in the army, navy and air force but there are specific branches that deal only with the air defence of territory, for example, the Soviet PVO Strany. The USSR also had a separate strategic rocket force in charge of nuclear intercontinental ballistic missiles.",
"title": "Anti-aircraft warfare"
},
{
"idx": 11,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "HMS \"Bonaventure\" was a submarine depot ship of the Royal Navy. She was initially built for civilian service with the Clan Line, but on the outbreak of the Second World War she was requisitioned by the Navy and after being launched, was converted for military service.",
"title": "HMS Bonaventure (F139)"
},
{
"idx": 12,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Clan Calder is a Highland Scottish clan. The clan is recognised by the Lord Lyon King of Arms but as it does not currently have a clan chief it is therefore considered an armigerous clan.",
"title": "Clan Calder"
},
{
"idx": 13,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "New Birth, particularly lead vocalist Leslie Wilson was a chief influence on soul artist Reggie Sears and Temptations lead singer Ali ``Ollie ''Woodson.",
"title": "New Birth (band)"
},
{
"idx": 14,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Onimusha 2: Samurai's Destiny, released in Japan as , is an action-adventure game developed and released by Capcom for the PlayStation 2. It is the second installment in the \"Onimusha\" series of video games released in March 2002. Set in medieval Japan, the plot revolves around a new protagonist, Jubei Yagyu, who is on a quest of revenge as he battles a demon army led by Nobunaga Oda, a sinister warlord who eliminated the Yagyu clan. Across his quest, Jubei learns of his oni heritage which grants him powers to slay the demons and meets new allies who also wish to defeat Nobunaga.",
"title": "Onimusha 2: Samurai's Destiny"
},
{
"idx": 15,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Adult contemporary R&B may be played on both soft AC stations and urban AC. It is a form of neo soul R&B that places emphasis on songcraft and sophistication. As the use of drum machines, synthesizers, and sequencers dominates R&B-rooted music, adult contemporary R&B tends to take most of its cues from the more refined strains of 1970s soul, such as smooth soul, Philly soul and quiet storm. Classic songwriting touches and organic-leaning instrumentation, often featuring string arrangements and horn charts, were constants.",
"title": "Adult contemporary music"
},
{
"idx": 16,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "During the April 25, 2018 update, a new Clan Wars feature was added. Clan Wars consists of five clans attacking other clans to get better rewards in the form of special chests. The clan with the most wins would win the clan war. Players would receive a Clan war chest in a season of fourteen days. Clan Chests were also removed in the update and replaced with the new Clan War chests.",
"title": "Clash Royale"
},
{
"idx": 17,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Lust transferred from Braehead Clan to their Elite League Gardiner Conference rivals Dundee Stars on July 14, 2014. He then moved to the Southern Professional Hockey League with the Fayetteville FireAntz for the 2015–16, but only played four games for the team before retiring to become assistant coach of the Calgary Northstars, a midget level team.",
"title": "Shane Lust"
},
{
"idx": 18,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Brigadier James Roderick Sinclair, 19th Earl of Caithness, CBE, DSO (29 September 1906 – 1965) was a British Army officer during World War II and was also chief of Clan Sinclair.",
"title": "Roderick Sinclair, 19th Earl of Caithness"
},
{
"idx": 19,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Yunreng was born of the Manchu Aisin Gioro clan as the seventh son of the Kangxi Emperor, but was the second among the emperor's sons to survive into adulthood. He was given the infant name \"Baocheng\" (保成), and was renamed \"Yinreng\" when he became older. His mother was the Kangxi Emperor's first empress, Empress Xiaochengren from the Hešeri clan, who was also a granddaughter of Sonin (one of the four regents in the Kangxi Emperor's early reign). She died not long after giving birth to Yinreng, and was greatly lamented by the Kangxi Emperor.",
"title": "Yunreng"
}
],
"question": "Where is the army navy game played in the city where the leader of The Soul Clan was born?",
"question_decomposition": [
{
"answer": "Solomon Burke",
"id": 350221,
"paragraph_support_idx": 1,
"question": "The Soul Clan >> has part"
},
{
"answer": "Philadelphia",
"id": 369053,
"paragraph_support_idx": 7,
"question": "#1 >> place of birth"
},
{
"answer": "Lincoln Financial Field",
"id": 59330,
"paragraph_support_idx": 9,
"question": "where is the army navy game played in #2"
}
]
} |
2hop__11583_40786 | Which is the highest court in the trade federation where basic MP3 decoding and technology is patent-free? | The European Court of Justice | [
"The European Court of Justice",
"European Court of Justice",
"Court of Justice"
] | {
"answer": "The European Court of Justice",
"answer_aliases": [
"European Court of Justice",
"Court of Justice"
],
"answerable": true,
"id": "2hop__11583_40786",
"paragraphs": [
{
"idx": 0,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "In September 1998, the Fraunhofer Institute sent a letter to several developers of MP3 software stating that a license was required to \"distribute and/or sell decoders and/or encoders\". The letter claimed that unlicensed products \"infringe the patent rights of Fraunhofer and Thomson. To make, sell and/or distribute products using the [MPEG Layer-3] standard and thus our patents, you need to obtain a license under these patents from us.\"",
"title": "MP3"
},
{
"idx": 1,
"is_supporting": true,
"paragraph_text": "European Union law is applied by the courts of member states and the Court of Justice of the European Union. Where the laws of member states provide for lesser rights European Union law can be enforced by the courts of member states. In case of European Union law which should have been transposed into the laws of member states, such as Directives, the European Commission can take proceedings against the member state under the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union. The European Court of Justice is the highest court able to interpret European Union law. Supplementary sources of European Union law include case law by the Court of Justice, international law and general principles of European Union law.",
"title": "European Union law"
},
{
"idx": 2,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "However, not all highest courts are named as such. Civil law states do not tend to have singular highest courts. Additionally, the highest court in some jurisdictions is not named the \"Supreme Court\", for example, the High Court of Australia; this is because decisions by the High Court could formerly be appealed to the Privy Council. On the other hand, in some places the court named the \"Supreme Court\" is not in fact the highest court; examples include the New York Supreme Court, the Supreme Courts of several Canadian provinces/territories and the former Supreme Court of Judicature of England and Wales, which are all superseded by higher Courts of Appeal.",
"title": "Supreme court"
},
{
"idx": 3,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Other lossy formats exist. Among these, mp3PRO, AAC, and MP2 are all members of the same technological family as MP3 and depend on roughly similar psychoacoustic models. The Fraunhofer Gesellschaft owns many of the basic patents underlying these formats as well, with others held by Dolby Labs, Sony, Thomson Consumer Electronics, and AT&T.",
"title": "MP3"
},
{
"idx": 4,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "In Hong Kong, the Supreme Court of Hong Kong (now known as the High Court of Hong Kong) was the final court of appeal during its colonial times which ended with transfer of sovereignty in 1997. The final adjudication power, as in any other British Colonies, rested with the Judicial Committee of the Privy Council (JCPC) in London, United Kingdom. Now the power of final adjudication is vested in the Court of Final Appeal created in 1997. Under the Basic Law, its constitution, the territory remains a common law jurisdiction. Consequently, judges from other common law jurisdictions (including England and Wales) can be recruited and continue to serve in the judiciary according to Article 92 of the Basic Law. On the other hand, the power of interpretation of the Basic Law itself is vested in the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress (NPCSC) in Beijing (without retroactive effect), and the courts are authorised to interpret the Basic Law when trying cases, in accordance with Article 158 of the Basic Law. This arrangement became controversial in light of the right of abode issue in 1999, raising concerns for judicial independence.",
"title": "Supreme court"
},
{
"idx": 5,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "However, several de facto standards for tag formats exist. As of 2010, the most widespread are ID3v1 and ID3v2, and the more recently introduced APEv2. These tags are normally embedded at the beginning or end of MP3 files, separate from the actual MP3 frame data. MP3 decoders either extract information from the tags, or just treat them as ignorable, non-MP3 junk data.",
"title": "MP3"
},
{
"idx": 6,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "The United States District Court for the District of Alaska (in case citations, D. Alaska) is a federal court in the Ninth Circuit (except for patent claims and claims against the U.S. government under the Tucker Act, which are appealed to the Federal Circuit).",
"title": "United States District Court for the District of Alaska"
},
{
"idx": 7,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "A more sophisticated MP3 encoder can produce variable bitrate audio. MPEG audio may use bitrate switching on a per-frame basis, but only layer III decoders must support it. VBR is used when the goal is to achieve a fixed level of quality. The final file size of a VBR encoding is less predictable than with constant bitrate. Average bitrate is VBR implemented as a compromise between the two: the bitrate is allowed to vary for more consistent quality, but is controlled to remain near an average value chosen by the user, for predictable file sizes. Although an MP3 decoder must support VBR to be standards compliant, historically some decoders have bugs with VBR decoding, particularly before VBR encoders became widespread.",
"title": "MP3"
},
{
"idx": 8,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Nakamura was awarded the 2006 Millennium Technology Prize for his invention. Nakamura, Hiroshi Amano and Isamu Akasaki were awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics in 2014 for the invention of the blue LED. In 2015, a US court ruled that three companies (i.e. the litigants who had not previously settled out of court) that had licensed Mr. Nakamura's patents for production in the United States had infringed Dr. Moustakas's prior patent, and order them to pay licensing fees of not less than 13 million USD.",
"title": "Light-emitting diode"
},
{
"idx": 9,
"is_supporting": true,
"paragraph_text": "The basic MP3 decoding and encoding technology is patent-free in the European Union, all patents having expired there. In the United States, the technology will be substantially patent-free on 31 December 2017 (see below). The majority of MP3 patents expired in the US between 2007 and 2015.",
"title": "MP3"
},
{
"idx": 10,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Non-standard bit rates up to 640 kbit/s can be achieved with the LAME encoder and the freeformat option, although few MP3 players can play those files. According to the ISO standard, decoders are only required to be able to decode streams up to 320 kbit/s.",
"title": "MP3"
},
{
"idx": 11,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Israel has a three-tier court system. At the lowest level are magistrate courts, situated in most cities across the country. Above them are district courts, serving as both appellate courts and courts of first instance; they are situated in five of Israel's six districts. The third and highest tier is the Supreme Court, located in Jerusalem; it serves a dual role as the highest court of appeals and the High Court of Justice. In the latter role, the Supreme Court rules as a court of first instance, allowing individuals, both citizens and non-citizens, to petition against the decisions of state authorities. Although Israel supports the goals of the International Criminal Court, it has not ratified the Rome Statute, citing concerns about the ability of the court to remain free from political impartiality.",
"title": "Israel"
},
{
"idx": 12,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "In February 2007, Texas MP3 Technologies sued Apple, Samsung Electronics and Sandisk in eastern Texas federal court, claiming infringement of a portable MP3 player patent that Texas MP3 said it had been assigned. Apple, Samsung, and Sandisk all settled the claims against them in January 2009.",
"title": "MP3"
},
{
"idx": 13,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "The United States District Court for the Northern District of Florida (in case citations, N.D. Fla.) is a federal court in the Eleventh Circuit (except for patent claims and claims against the U.S. government under the Tucker Act, which are appealed to the Federal Circuit).",
"title": "United States District Court for the Northern District of Florida"
},
{
"idx": 14,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "The Indian High Courts Act of 1861 (24 & 25 Vict. c. 104) was an act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom to authorize the Crown to create High Courts in the Indian colony. Queen Victoria created the High Courts in Calcutta, Madras, and Bombay by Letters Patent in 1865. These High Courts would become the precursors to the High Courts in the modern day India, Pakistan, and Bangladesh. The Act was passed after the Indian Rebellion of 1857 and consolidated the parallel legal system of the Crown and the East India Company.",
"title": "Indian High Courts Act 1861"
},
{
"idx": 15,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "In September 2006, German officials seized MP3 players from SanDisk's booth at the IFA show in Berlin after an Italian patents firm won an injunction on behalf of Sisvel against SanDisk in a dispute over licensing rights. The injunction was later reversed by a Berlin judge, but that reversal was in turn blocked the same day by another judge from the same court, \"bringing the Patent Wild West to Germany\" in the words of one commentator.",
"title": "MP3"
},
{
"idx": 16,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "An exception is the United States, where patents filed prior to 8 June 1995 expire 17 years after the publication date of the patent, but application extensions make it possible for a patent to issue much later than normally expected (see submarine patents). The various MP3-related patents expire on dates ranging from 2007 to 2017 in the U.S. Patents filed for anything disclosed in ISO CD 11172 a year or more after its publication are questionable. If only the known MP3 patents filed by December 1992 are considered, then MP3 decoding has been patent-free in the US since 22 September 2015 when U.S. Patent 5,812,672 expired which had a PCT filing in October 1992. If the longest-running patent mentioned in the aforementioned references is taken as a measure, then the MP3 technology will be patent-free in the United States on 30 December 2017 when U.S. Patent 5,703,999, held by the Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft and administered by Technicolor, expires.",
"title": "MP3"
},
{
"idx": 17,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "On February 17, 2010, the Court of Cassation, the highest court in France, ordered a re-trial of the five men.",
"title": "Mourad Benchellali"
},
{
"idx": 18,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Sisvel S.p.A. and its U.S. subsidiary Audio MPEG, Inc. previously sued Thomson for patent infringement on MP3 technology, but those disputes were resolved in November 2005 with Sisvel granting Thomson a license to their patents. Motorola followed soon after, and signed with Sisvel to license MP3-related patents in December 2005. Except for three patents, the US patents administered by Sisvel had all expired in 2015, however (the exceptions are: U.S. Patent 5,878,080, expires February 2017, U.S. Patent 5,850,456, expires February 2017 and U.S. Patent 5,960,037, expires 9. April 2017.",
"title": "MP3"
},
{
"idx": 19,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "The Supreme Court of Puerto Rico — (TSPR)— is the highest court of Puerto Rico, having judicial authority to interpret and decide questions of Puerto Rican law. The Court is analogous to one of the state supreme courts of the states of the United States; being the Supreme Court of Puerto Rico the highest state court and the court of last resort in Puerto Rico. Article V of the Constitution of Puerto Rico vests the judicial power in the Supreme Court—which by its nature forms the judicial branch of the government of Puerto Rico. The Supreme Court holds its sessions in San Juan.",
"title": "Supreme Court of Puerto Rico"
}
],
"question": "Which is the highest court in the trade federation where basic MP3 decoding and technology is patent-free?",
"question_decomposition": [
{
"answer": "European Union",
"id": 11583,
"paragraph_support_idx": 9,
"question": "Where is the basic MP3 decoding and technology patent free?"
},
{
"answer": "The European Court of Justice",
"id": 40786,
"paragraph_support_idx": 1,
"question": "Which court is the highest court in #1 ?"
}
]
} |
2hop__244564_127375 | Which year witnessed the formation of the performer of Rock Show? | 1995 | [
"1995"
] | {
"answer": "1995",
"answer_aliases": [],
"answerable": true,
"id": "2hop__244564_127375",
"paragraphs": [
{
"idx": 0,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "CFJB-FM is a Canadian radio station, broadcasting at 95.7 FM in Barrie, Ontario. The station broadcasts a mainstream rock format branded as Rock 95.",
"title": "CFJB-FM"
},
{
"idx": 1,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "All of the regular cast performed their own vocals, although two actors were given minimal singing at their request. ``Once More, with Feeling ''is the most technically complex episode in the series, as extra voice and dance training for the cast was interspersed with the production of four other Buffy episodes. It was Joss Whedon's first attempt at writing music, and different styles -- from 1950s sitcom theme music to rock opera -- express the characters' secrets in specific ways. The episode was well received critically upon airing, specifically for containing the humor and wit to which fans had become accustomed. The musical format allowed characters to stay true to their natures while they struggled to overcome deceit and miscommunication, fitting with the sixth season's themes of growing up and facing adult responsibilities. It is considered one of the most effective and popular episodes of the series, and -- prior to a financial dispute in 2007 -- was shown in theaters with the audience invited to sing along.",
"title": "Once More, with Feeling (Buffy the Vampire Slayer)"
},
{
"idx": 2,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Hell's Kitchen is a reality television show that uses a progressive elimination format to narrow down a field of 12 to 20 aspiring chefs to a single winner over the course of one season. The U.S. version of Hell's Kitchen follows the format of the UK version though the show is recorded and not performed live, nor is there audience participation in the elimination of chefs. The show is produced at Hell's Kitchen, a modified warehouse in Los Angeles that includes the restaurant, dual kitchen facilities and a dormitory where the chefs reside while on the show. They are also given knife sets that they get to keep, regardless of their progress.",
"title": "Hell's Kitchen (American TV series)"
},
{
"idx": 3,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "The Imogene Coca Show is a half-hour NBC television series starring Imogene Coca in both situation comedy and variety show formats. The program debuted on October 2, 1954, after the ending of Sid Caesar's \"Your Show of Shows\", on which Coca had been a popular regular performer.",
"title": "The Imogene Coca Show"
},
{
"idx": 4,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "A scene set in the future shows everyone reunited at the Bass - Waldorf residence, witnessing the marriage of Dan and Serena.",
"title": "Serena van der Woodsen"
},
{
"idx": 5,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Monsula was an American punk rock band from the San Francisco Bay Area, California. The band was conceived in 1988 by Pete Zetterberg and Paul Lee in an art class at Benicia High School. With many member changes over the years, they performed regularly at Berkeley's Gilman Street Project and were known for their simple East Bay pop punk style of music. The band played hundreds of live shows throughout North America before disbanding five years later in 1993.",
"title": "Monsula"
},
{
"idx": 6,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "In 1997, Queen returned to the studio to record \"No-One but You (Only the Good Die Young)\", a song dedicated to Mercury and all those that die too soon. It was released as a bonus track on the Queen Rocks compilation album later that year. In January 1997, Queen performed \"The Show Must Go On\" live with Elton John and the Béjart Ballet in Paris on a night Mercury was remembered, and it marked the last performance and public appearance of John Deacon, who chose to retire. The Paris concert was only the second time Queen had played live since Mercury's death, prompting Elton John to urge them to perform again.",
"title": "Queen (band)"
},
{
"idx": 7,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "\"Taylor Swift and Def Leppard\" is an episode of the CMT television show \"CMT Crossroads\". The episode features performances by American singer-songwriter Taylor Swift and English hard rock band Def Leppard.",
"title": "Taylor Swift and Def Leppard"
},
{
"idx": 8,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "The oldest dated rocks on Earth, as an aggregate of minerals that have not been subsequently broken down by erosion or melted, are more than 4 billion years old, formed during the Hadean Eon of Earth's geological history. Such rocks are exposed on the Earth's surface in very few places. Some of the oldest surface rock can be found in the Canadian Shield, Australia, Africa and in a few other old regions around the world. The ages of these felsic rocks are generally between 2.5 and 3.8 billion years. The approximate ages have a margin of error of millions of years. In 1999, the oldest known rock on Earth was dated to 4.031 ± 0.003 billion years, and is part of the Acasta Gneiss of the Slave craton in northwestern Canada. Researchers at McGill University found a rock with a very old model age for extraction from the mantle (3.8 to 4.28 billion years ago) in the Nuvvuagittuq greenstone belt on the coast of Hudson Bay, in northern Quebec; the true age of these samples is still under debate, and they may actually be closer to 3.8 billion years old. Older than these rocks are crystals of the mineral zircon, which can survive the disaggregation of their parent rock and be found and dated in younger rock formations.",
"title": "Oldest dated rocks"
},
{
"idx": 9,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Walker Run (also known as Beach Haven Creek) is a tributary of the Susquehanna River in Luzerne County, Pennsylvania, in the United States. It is approximately long and flows through Salem Township. The watershed of the stream has an area of . There are three unnamed tributaries. The stream is on rock of the Mahantango Formation, the Harrell Formation, the Irish Valley Member, and the Trimmers Rock Formation. A number of roads cross the stream. It is inhabited by wild trout.",
"title": "Walker Run"
},
{
"idx": 10,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Top Gear is a show that started in April 1977, as a half hour motoring programme on the BBC in the United Kingdom. The original format ran for 24 years up to December 2001. A revamped format of the show began nearly one year later, in October 2002.",
"title": "Top Gear (1977 TV series)"
},
{
"idx": 11,
"is_supporting": true,
"paragraph_text": "Grinspoon is an Australian rock band from Lismore, New South Wales formed in 1995 and fronted by Phil Jamieson on vocals and guitar with Pat Davern on guitar, Joe Hansen on bass guitar and Kristian Hopes on drums. Also in 1995, they won the Triple J-sponsored Unearthed competition for Lismore, with their post-grunge song \"Sickfest\". Their name was taken from Dr. Lester Grinspoon an Associate Professor Emeritus of Psychiatry at Harvard Medical School, who supports marijuana for medical use.",
"title": "Grinspoon"
},
{
"idx": 12,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Little Big Shots is an Australian reality television show which premiered on the Seven Network on 27 August 2017. The program, based on the American format of the same name, is hosted by Shane Jacobson and features performances by children aged 3 to 13 years old.",
"title": "Little Big Shots (Australian TV series)"
},
{
"idx": 13,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "The Feigenbaumklippe is a rock formation in the Oker valley in the Harz mountains of central Germany. They lie on the hiking trail from the \"Kästeklippen\" crags to Romkerhall Waterfall. These granite rocks, which show clear signs of \"wool sack weathering\" (\"Wollsackverwitterung\") are a favourite destination for hikers and offer a good view of the valley towards the west. The observation point has safety railings.",
"title": "Feigenbaumklippe"
},
{
"idx": 14,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Though Jehovah's Witnesses do not accept blood transfusions of whole blood, they may accept some blood plasma fractions at their own discretion. The Watch Tower Society provides pre-formatted durable power of attorney documents prohibiting major blood components, in which members can specify which allowable fractions and treatments they will personally accept. Jehovah's Witnesses have established Hospital Liaison Committees as a cooperative arrangement between individual Jehovah's Witnesses and medical professionals and hospitals.",
"title": "Jehovah's Witnesses"
},
{
"idx": 15,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Celine is the second residency show by Canadian recording artist Celine Dion. The show is performed at The Colosseum at Caesars Palace in Las Vegas, Nevada beginning 15 March 2011, with an estimated 70 performances per year (which makes Celine the top money earner in Vegas, earning $500 K a show). The show ranked 26th in Pollstar's ``Top 50 Worldwide Tour (Mid-Year) '', earning over 20 million dollars. Being seen by over 200,000 people, the show became the number one show in 2011 (for North America). The show has also made Dion the`` most profitable music act in Las Vegas'' since Elvis Presley.",
"title": "Celine (concert residency)"
},
{
"idx": 16,
"is_supporting": true,
"paragraph_text": "\"Rock Show\" was the third single by Grinspoon from their second studio album \"Easy\". It was released on 5 May 2000 on the Grudge label (the Australian imprint of Universal Records), reaching No. 78 on the Australian Singles Chart and polling at No. 33 on Triple J's Hottest 100 for 2000.",
"title": "Rock Show (Grinspoon song)"
},
{
"idx": 17,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "``Lean wit It, Rock wit It ''Single by Dem Franchize Boyz featuring Peanut and Charlay from the album On Top of Our Game Released January 17, 2006 (2006 - 01 - 17) Recorded 2005 Genre Snap southern hip hop Length 3: 51 Label So So Def Recordings EMI America Songwriter (s) Carlos A. Valente Jamall Willingham Gerald Tiller Bernard Leverette Maurice Gleaton D'Angelo Hunt Charles Hammond Robert Hill Producer (s) Maurice`` Parlae'' Gleaton Dem Franchize Boyz singles chronology ``I Think They Like Me ''(2005)`` Lean wit It, Rock wit It'' (2006) ``Ridin 'Rims ''(2006)`` I Think They Like Me'' (Remix) (2005) ``Lean wit It, Rock wit It ''(2006)`` Ridin' Rims'' (2006)",
"title": "Lean wit It, Rock wit It"
},
{
"idx": 18,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "WXNX is a commercial radio station licensed to Sanibel, Florida, broadcasting to the Fort Myers/Naples area on 93.7 FM. WXNX airs an Active Rock and Alternative Rock hybrid radio format similar to Richmond, Virginia's now-defunct \"Y-101\" as a new rock alternative station, since it's a mixed format approach, the format label \"Modern Rock\" is an acceptable status",
"title": "WXNX"
},
{
"idx": 19,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "In late 1963, Sullivan and his entourage happened also to be passing through Heathrow and witnessed how The Beatles' fans greeted the group on their return from Stockholm, where they had performed a television show as warmup band to local stars Suzie and Lill Babs. Sullivan was intrigued, telling his entourage it was the same thing as Elvis all over again. He initially offered Beatles manager Brian Epstein top dollar for a single show but the Beatles manager had a better idea -- he wanted exposure for his clients: the Beatles would instead appear three times on the show, at bottom dollar, but receive top billing and two spots (opening and closing) on each show.",
"title": "The Ed Sullivan Show"
}
],
"question": "Which year witnessed the formation of the performer of Rock Show?",
"question_decomposition": [
{
"answer": "Grinspoon",
"id": 244564,
"paragraph_support_idx": 16,
"question": "Rock Show >> performer"
},
{
"answer": "1995",
"id": 127375,
"paragraph_support_idx": 11,
"question": "Which year witnessed the formation of #1 ?"
}
]
} |
2hop__846803_44537 | Who is the opposition leader in the country where Hagley Gap can be found? | Peter Phillips | [
"Peter Phillips"
] | {
"answer": "Peter Phillips",
"answer_aliases": [],
"answerable": true,
"id": "2hop__846803_44537",
"paragraphs": [
{
"idx": 0,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "East Stone Gap is an unincorporated community in Wise County, Virginia, United States. East Stone Gap is an eastern suburb of Big Stone Gap; U.S. Route 23 separates the two settlements. East Stone Gap has a post office with ZIP code 24246.",
"title": "East Stone Gap, Virginia"
},
{
"idx": 1,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Although the Tories were dismissed from office for half a century, for most of this period (at first under the leadership of Sir William Wyndham), the Tories retained party cohesion, with occasional hopes of regaining office, particularly at the accession of George II (1727) and the downfall of the ministry of Sir Robert Walpole in 1742. They acted as a united, though unavailing, opposition to Whig corruption and scandals. At times they cooperated with the \"Opposition Whigs\", Whigs who were in opposition to the Whig government; however, the ideological gap between the Tories and the Opposition Whigs prevented them from coalescing as a single party. They finally regained power with the accession of George III in 1760 under Lord Bute.",
"title": "Political party"
},
{
"idx": 2,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Warren McCall is a Member of the Legislative Assembly of Saskatchewan. A member of the Saskatchewan New Democratic Party, he was first elected in a February 2001 by-election and has been re-elected to the Legislative Assembly for Regina Elphinstone-Centre in the 2003, 2007, 2011 and 2016 general elections. He is the Opposition House Leader and the official opposition critic for Advanced Education, SaskTel, Central Services, the Lean Initiative, Saskatchewan Gaming Corporation, and the Provincial Capital Commission.",
"title": "Warren McCall"
},
{
"idx": 3,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "This marked a historic defeat for the ruling Barisan Nasional coalition, which had been the governing party of Malaysia and its predecessor state, Malaya, since the country's independence in 1957. This makes Mahathir Mohamad the next Prime Minister of Malaysia and, at 92 years old, the oldest head of government in the world, although he has indicated he would give way within a few years to jailed opposition leader Anwar Ibrahim after seeking a royal pardon for him.",
"title": "2018 Malaysian general election"
},
{
"idx": 4,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "In the instance when the Presidency and both Houses of Congress are controlled by one party, the Speaker normally assumes a lower profile and defers to the President. For that situation the House Minority Leader can play the role of a de facto \"leader of the opposition\", often more so than the Senate Minority Leader, due to the more partisan nature of the House and the greater role of leadership. Minority Leaders who have played prominent roles in opposing the incumbent President have included Gerald Ford, Richard Gephardt, Nancy Pelosi, and John Boehner.",
"title": "Party leaders of the United States House of Representatives"
},
{
"idx": 5,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Mario Dumont (born May 19, 1970 in Saint-Georges-de-Cacouna, Quebec) is a television personality and former politician in Quebec, Canada. He was a Member of the National Assembly of Quebec (MNA), and the leader of the Action démocratique du Québec (ADQ), from 1994 to 2009. After the 2007 Quebec election, Dumont obtained the post of Leader of the Opposition in the National Assembly.",
"title": "Mario Dumont"
},
{
"idx": 6,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Besides the Leader of the House, who is leading the majority, there is also a Leader of the Opposition (LOP) – leading the opposition parties. The function was only recognized in the Salary and Allowances of Leaders of the Opposition in Parliament Act, 1977. This is commonly the leader of the largest non-government party, and is recognized as such by the Chairman.",
"title": "Rajya Sabha"
},
{
"idx": 7,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "After an uprising by the Congolese people, Belgium surrendered to the independence of the Congo in 1960. However, the Congo remained unstable because tribal leaders had more power than the central government. Prime Minister Patrice Lumumba tried to restore order with the aid of the Soviet Union as part of the Cold War, causing the United States to support a coup led by Colonel Joseph Mobutu in 1965. Mobutu quickly seized complete power of the Congo and renamed the country Zaire. He sought to Africanize the country, changing his own name to Mobutu Sese Seko, and demanded that African citizens change their Western names to traditional African names. Mobutu sought to repress any opposition to his rule, in which he successfully did throughout the 1980s. However, with his regime weakened in the 1990s, Mobutu was forced to agree to a power - sharing government with the opposition party. Mobutu remained the head of state and promised elections within the next two years that never took place.",
"title": "History of the Democratic Republic of the Congo"
},
{
"idx": 8,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Jarman Gap (also Jarman's Gap or Jarmans Gap) is a wind gap in the Blue Ridge Mountains in the counties of Albemarle and Augusta, Virginia.",
"title": "Jarman Gap"
},
{
"idx": 9,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "a Gap penalty is a method of scoring alignments of two or more sequences. When aligning sequences, introducing a gaps in the sequences can allow an alignment algorithm to match more terms than a gap-less alignment can. However, minimizing gaps in an alignment is important to create a useful alignment. Too many gaps can cause an alignment to become meaningless. Gap penalties are used to adjust alignment scores based on the number and length of gaps. The five main types of gap penalties are constant, linear, affine, convex, and Profile - based.",
"title": "Gap penalty"
},
{
"idx": 10,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Hector John (born 22 October 1970) is a Dominican politician in the United Workers' Party. He is the current Leader of the Opposition, the youngest ever to hold that position. He was first elected as a Representative to the House of Assembly in 2009.",
"title": "Hector John"
},
{
"idx": 11,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "When the party is represented by members in the lower house of parliament, the party leader simultaneously serves as the leader of the parliamentary group of that full party representation; depending on a minimum number of seats held, Westminster-based parties typically allow for leaders to form frontbench teams of senior fellow members of the parliamentary group to serve as critics of aspects of government policy. When a party becomes the largest party not part of the Government, the party's parliamentary group forms the Official Opposition, with Official Opposition frontbench team members often forming the Official Opposition Shadow cabinet. When a party achieves enough seats in an election to form a majority, the party's frontbench becomes the Cabinet of government ministers.",
"title": "Political party"
},
{
"idx": 12,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "4930 \"Hagley Hall\" is a Great Western Railway, 4-6-0 Hall class locomotive, built in May 1929 at Swindon Works to a design by Charles Collett. It is one of eleven of this class that made it into preservation. The locomotive is named after Hagley Hall in Worcestershire.",
"title": "GWR 4900 Class 4930 Hagley Hall"
},
{
"idx": 13,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "In South Australia, initially a Liberal and Country Party affiliated party, the Liberal and Country League (LCL), mostly led by Premier of South Australia Tom Playford, was in power from the 1933 election to the 1965 election, though with assistance from an electoral malapportionment, or gerrymander, known as the Playmander. The LCL's Steele Hall governed for one term from the 1968 election to the 1970 election and during this time began the process of dismantling the Playmander. David Tonkin, as leader of the South Australian Division of the Liberal Party of Australia, became Premier at the 1979 election for one term, losing office at the 1982 election. The Liberals returned to power at the 1993 election, led by Premiers Dean Brown, John Olsen and Rob Kerin through two terms, until their defeat at the 2002 election. They have since remained in opposition under a record five Opposition Leaders.",
"title": "Liberal Party of Australia"
},
{
"idx": 14,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "To a large extent, the minority leader's position is a 20th-century innovation. Prior to this time congressional parties were often relatively disorganized, so it was not always evident who functioned as the opposition floor leader. Decades went by before anything like the modern two-party congressional system emerged on Capitol Hill with official titles for those who were its official leaders. However, from the beginning days of Congress, various House members intermittently assumed the role of \"opposition leader.\" Some scholars suggest that Representative James Madison of Virginia informally functioned as the first \"minority leader\" because in the First Congress he led the opposition to Treasury Secretary Alexander Hamilton's fiscal policies.",
"title": "Party leaders of the United States House of Representatives"
},
{
"idx": 15,
"is_supporting": true,
"paragraph_text": "The current holder of the post of Leader of the Opposition is Peter Phillips as a result of his party's loss in the 2016 general election and his ascension to leader of the main opposition party in Jamaica in 2017, succeeding Portia Simpson Miller.",
"title": "Leader of the Opposition (Jamaica)"
},
{
"idx": 16,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Legislative Assembly of Ontario 41st Parliament of Ontario Type Type Unicameral History Founded July 1, 1867 (1867 - 07 - 01) Preceded by Legislative Assembly of the Province of Canada Leadership Lieutenant Governor Hon. Elizabeth Dowdeswell Since September 23, 2014 Speaker Hon. Dave Levac, Liberal Since November 21, 2011 Premier Hon. Kathleen Wynne, Liberal Since February 11, 2013 Leader of the Opposition Vic Fedeli, PC Since January 26, 2018 Government House Leader Hon. Yasir Naqvi, Liberal Since June 24, 2014 Opposition House Leader Jim Wilson, PC Since September 11, 2015 Structure Seats 107 Political groups Government (56) Liberal (56) Opposition (28) PC (27) Other parties (20) NDP (18) Trillium (1) Independent (2) Vacant (3) Elections Last election June 12, 2014 Next election June 7, 2018 (scheduled) Meeting place Ontario Legislative Building, Toronto, Ontario, Canada Website www.ontla.on.ca",
"title": "Legislative Assembly of Ontario"
},
{
"idx": 17,
"is_supporting": true,
"paragraph_text": "Hagley Gap is roughly a 7-mile (11 km) hike from the Blue Mountain Peak, which is a popular destination for hiking and camping enthusiasts. Jamaicans prefer to reach the peak at sunrise after the 3 to 5 hour hike, so night time hikes are the norm. After reaching the peak, a hiker has an incredible view of both the North and South Coast of Jamaica and of the surrounding ocean.",
"title": "Hagley Gap"
},
{
"idx": 18,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Paris is now a small unincorporated community in Fauquier County, Virginia, United States. Located in Virginia's hunt country, it was established in a strategic spot at the eastern base of Ashby Gap along U.S. Route 17 and U.S. Route 50.",
"title": "Paris, Virginia"
},
{
"idx": 19,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "New Market Gap is a wind gap in the Massanutten Mountain in Virginia. The gap is located approximately in the middle of the range, dividing it into north and south sections.",
"title": "New Market Gap"
}
],
"question": "Who is the opposition leader in the country where Hagley Gap can be found?",
"question_decomposition": [
{
"answer": "Jamaica",
"id": 846803,
"paragraph_support_idx": 17,
"question": "Hagley Gap >> country"
},
{
"answer": "Peter Phillips",
"id": 44537,
"paragraph_support_idx": 15,
"question": "who is the leader of opposition in #1"
}
]
} |
2hop__691975_421645 | Who is the spouse of the performer of Come Fly With Me? | Barbara Marx | [
"Barbara Marx"
] | {
"answer": "Barbara Marx",
"answer_aliases": [],
"answerable": true,
"id": "2hop__691975_421645",
"paragraphs": [
{
"idx": 0,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Crookt, Crackt, or Fly is a 1994 album by Gastr del Sol released on Drag City. The album was written and performed by David Grubbs and Jim O'Rourke, with John McEntire (percussion), Steve Butters (percussion) and Gene Coleman (Bass Clarinet) also contributing. All tracks were recorded by Brian Paulson in October 1993 at King Size studios.",
"title": "Crookt, Crackt, or Fly"
},
{
"idx": 1,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Come Fill the Cup is a 1951 film starring James Cagney and Gig Young, directed by Gordon Douglas. Young's performance was nominated for an Academy Award and Golden Globe.",
"title": "Come Fill the Cup"
},
{
"idx": 2,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "The Planners Are Coming is a British fly on the wall documentary television series broadcast on BBC One in 2008 and 2009. It follows council Planning Officers and Enforcement Officers as they dealt with planning applications and enforced planning regulations in cases where planning permission had not been sought.",
"title": "The Planners Are Coming"
},
{
"idx": 3,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Gay and lesbian people can have sexual relationships with someone of the opposite sex for a variety of reasons, including the desire for a perceived traditional family and concerns of discrimination and religious ostracism. While some LGBT people hide their respective orientations from their spouses, others develop positive gay and lesbian identities while maintaining successful heterosexual marriages. Coming out of the closet to oneself, a spouse of the opposite sex, and children can present challenges that are not faced by gay and lesbian people who are not married to people of the opposite sex or do not have children.",
"title": "Sexual orientation"
},
{
"idx": 4,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Sarla Thakral (1914 -- 15 March 2008) was the first Indian woman to fly an aircraft. Born in 1914, she earned an aviation pilot license in 1936 at the age of 21 and flew a Gypsy Moth solo. She had a four - year - old daughter. After obtaining the initial licence, she persevered and completed one thousand hours of flying in the aircraft owned by the Lahore Flying Club. Her husband P.D. Sharma whom she married at 16 and comes from a family which had 9 pilots encouraged her to achieve it. While Sharma had been the first Indian to get his airmail pilot's license, flying between Karachi and Lahore; his wife would be first woman in India to attain her 'A' license when she accumulated over 1000 hours of flying.",
"title": "Sarla Thakral"
},
{
"idx": 5,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "The bulk of remaining commercial flight offerings come from small regional commuter airlines such as Ravn Alaska, PenAir, and Frontier Flying Service. The smallest towns and villages must rely on scheduled or chartered bush flying services using general aviation aircraft such as the Cessna Caravan, the most popular aircraft in use in the state. Much of this service can be attributed to the Alaska bypass mail program which subsidizes bulk mail delivery to Alaskan rural communities. The program requires 70% of that subsidy to go to carriers who offer passenger service to the communities.",
"title": "Alaska"
},
{
"idx": 6,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Cotton Comes to Harlem is an action film co-written and directed in 1970 by Ossie Davis and starring Godfrey Cambridge, Raymond St. Jacques, and Redd Foxx. The film is based on Chester Himes' novel of the same name. The opening theme, \"Ain't Now But It's Gonna Be\" was written by Ossie Davis and performed by Melba Moore. It was followed two years later by the sequel \"Come Back, Charleston Blue\".",
"title": "Cotton Comes to Harlem"
},
{
"idx": 7,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Fly with the Wind is a 1976 album by jazz pianist McCoy Tyner, his ninth to be released on the Milestone label. It was recorded in January 1976 and features performances by Tyner with band and string section.",
"title": "Fly with the Wind"
},
{
"idx": 8,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "``I Believe I Can Fly ''is a 1996 song written, produced and performed by American singer R. Kelly from the soundtrack to the 1996 film Space Jam. It was originally released on November 26, 1996, and was later included on Kelly's 1998 album R...",
"title": "I Believe I Can Fly"
},
{
"idx": 9,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Blanche of Anjou (1280 – 14 October 1310) was Queen of Aragon as the second spouse of King James II. She was a member of the Capetian House of Anjou, she is also known as \"Blanche of Naples\". She served as Regent or \"Queen-Lieutenant\" of Aragon during the absence of her spouse in 1310.",
"title": "Blanche of Anjou"
},
{
"idx": 10,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "If an asset is left to a spouse or a federally recognized charity, the tax usually does not apply. In addition, a maximum amount, varying year by year, can be given by an individual, before and / or upon their death, without incurring federal gift or estate taxes: $5,340,000 for estates of persons dying in 2014 and 2015, $5,450,000 (effectively $10.90 million per married couple, assuming the deceased spouse did not leave assets to the surviving spouse) for estates of persons dying in 2016. Because of these exemptions, it is estimated that only the largest 0.2% of estates in the U.S. will pay the tax. For 2017, the exemption increases to $5.5 million. In 2018, the exemption will double to $11.18 million per taxpayer due to the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017.",
"title": "Estate tax in the United States"
},
{
"idx": 11,
"is_supporting": true,
"paragraph_text": "The Night We Called It a Day, also known as All the Way, is a 2003 Australian-American comedy drama film directed by Paul Goldman and starring Dennis Hopper as Frank Sinatra and Melanie Griffith as Barbara Marx. It also features Portia de Rossi, Joel Edgerton, Rose Byrne and David Hemmings. The movie is based on the true events surrounding Sinatra's 1974 tour in Australia. When the singer calls a local reporter (de Rossi) a \"two-bit hooker\", every union in the country black-bans the star until he issues an apology.",
"title": "The Night We Called It a Day (film)"
},
{
"idx": 12,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Both finalists found success after the show, but Aiken out-performed Studdard's coronation song \"Flying Without Wings\" with his single release from the show \"This Is the Night\", as well as in their subsequent album releases. The fourth-place finisher Josh Gracin also enjoyed some success as a country singer.",
"title": "American Idol"
},
{
"idx": 13,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Where Flamingos Fly is an album by jazz composer, arranger, conductor and pianist Gil Evans, originally recorded in 1971 for Capitol Records but not released until 1981, and performed by Evans with an orchestra featuring Billy Harper, Howard Johnson, Johnny Coles, and Don Preston.",
"title": "Where Flamingos Fly"
},
{
"idx": 14,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "``Come Back When You Grow Up ''is a song written by Martha Sharp and performed by Bobby Vee and The Strangers. The song was a comeback for the 24 year - old Vee, and it reached # 3 on the Billboard Hot 100 in 1967. The song appeared on his 1967 album, Come Back When You Grow Up.",
"title": "Come Back When You Grow Up"
},
{
"idx": 15,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "The Clean are an indie rock band that formed in Dunedin, New Zealand in 1978, and have been described as the most influential band to come from the Flying Nun label, whose repertoire included many major components of the \"Dunedin sound\".",
"title": "The Clean"
},
{
"idx": 16,
"is_supporting": true,
"paragraph_text": "\"Come Fly with Me\" was written for Frank Sinatra, and was the title track of his 1958 album of the same name. The song sets the tone for the rest of the album, describing adventures in exotic locales, in Bombay, Peru and Acapulco Bay respectively.",
"title": "Come Fly with Me (1957 song)"
},
{
"idx": 17,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "The Easter Oratorio (), 249, is an oratorio by Johann Sebastian Bach, beginning with (\"Come, hasten and run\"). Bach composed it in Leipzig and first performed it on 1 April 1725.",
"title": "Easter Oratorio"
},
{
"idx": 18,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Devil Dogs of the Air (a.k.a. \"Flying Marines\") is a 1935 Warner Bros. film, directed by Lloyd Bacon and starring James Cagney and Pat O'Brien, reprising their earlier roles as buddies after making their debut as a \"buddy team\" in \"Here Comes the Navy\". \"Devil Dogs of the Air\" was the second of nine features that Pat O'Brien and James Cagney made together. The film's storyline was adapted from a novel by John Monk Saunders.",
"title": "Devil Dogs of the Air"
},
{
"idx": 19,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "\"Jesse\" is a song written and performed by Carly Simon and produced by Mike Mainieri. The song was the lead single from Simon's ninth studio album, \"Come Upstairs\".",
"title": "Jesse (Carly Simon song)"
}
],
"question": "Who is the spouse of the performer of Come Fly With Me?",
"question_decomposition": [
{
"answer": "Frank Sinatra",
"id": 691975,
"paragraph_support_idx": 16,
"question": "Come Fly with Me >> performer"
},
{
"answer": "Barbara Marx",
"id": 421645,
"paragraph_support_idx": 11,
"question": "#1 >> spouse"
}
]
} |
2hop__385655_56026 | Who is the finance minister of the state Ajanale is located in 2017? | Sudhir Mungantiwar | [
"Sudhir Mungantiwar"
] | {
"answer": "Sudhir Mungantiwar",
"answer_aliases": [],
"answerable": true,
"id": "2hop__385655_56026",
"paragraphs": [
{
"idx": 0,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Other common forms include president of the council of ministers (for example in Italy, Presidente del Consiglio dei Ministri), President of the Executive Council, or Minister-President. In the Scandinavian countries the prime minister is called statsminister in the native languages (i.e. minister of state). In federations, the head of government of subnational entities such as provinces is most commonly known as the premier, chief minister, governor or minister-president.",
"title": "Prime minister"
},
{
"idx": 1,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Bogotá (/ ˈboʊɡətɑː /, / ˌbɒɡəˈtɑː /, / ˌboʊ - /; Spanish pronunciation: (boɣoˈta) (listen)), officially Bogotá, Distrito Capital, abbreviated Bogotá, D.C., and formerly known as Santafé de Bogotá between 1991 and 2000, is the capital and largest city of Colombia, administered as the Capital District, although often thought of as part of Cundinamarca. Bogotá is a territorial entity of the first order, with the same administrative status as the departments of Colombia. It is the political, economic, administrative, industrial, artistic, cultural, and sports center of the country.",
"title": "Bogotá"
},
{
"idx": 2,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "António Sebastião Spínola (Machico, Porto da Cruz, 13 July 1875 – Machico, Porto da Cruz, 19 March 1956) was an Inspector General of Finances and Chief of Cabinet of the Finance Minister Professor Oliveira Salazar and afterwards of Finance Minister Professor João Pinto da Costa Leite, 4th Conde de Lumbrales, Councilor and Administrator of the \"Fundação da Casa de Bragança\", etc.",
"title": "António Sebastião Spínola"
},
{
"idx": 3,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "In 1949, the Territory and the Territory of New Guinea were established in an administrative union by the name of the Territory of Papua and New Guinea. That administrative union was renamed as Papua New Guinea in 1971. Notwithstanding that it was part of an administrative union, the Territory of Papua at all times retained a distinct legal status and identity; it was a Possession of the Crown whereas the Territory of New Guinea was initially a League of Nations mandate territory and subsequently a United Nations trust territory. This important legal and political distinction remained until the advent of the Independent State of Papua New Guinea in 1975.",
"title": "Territory of Papua"
},
{
"idx": 4,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "David (Daudi) Mwiraria (3 September 1938 – 13 April 2017) was the Minister for Environment and Natural Resources previously Finance Minister of Kenya until December 2007 when Kenya held its General Elections. Running for re election on a Party of National Unity ticket, defending his seat as Member of parliament for North Imenti Constituency, he was defeated by Silas Muriuki, who was running on a Mazingira Green Party of Kenya ticket.",
"title": "David Mwiraria"
},
{
"idx": 5,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Walter Romberg (27 December 1928 – 23 May 2014) was a German politician who was the last finance minister of East Germany.",
"title": "Walter Romberg"
},
{
"idx": 6,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Bruno Le Maire (born 15 April 1969) is a French politician and former diplomat serving as Minister of the Economy and Finance since 2017. He previously served as Secretary of State for European Affairs from 2008 to 2009 and Minister of Food, Agriculture and Fishing from 2009 to 2012.",
"title": "Bruno Le Maire"
},
{
"idx": 7,
"is_supporting": true,
"paragraph_text": "Sudhir Mungantiwar (born July 30, 1962) is Indian politician from the state of Maharashtra, India. He currently serves as the Cabinet Minister of the Finance & Planning and Forests departments in the Government of Maharashtra, in office since October 2014. Previously, he was the Maharashtra State President for Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) from 2010 to 2013 and the Minister of Tourism and Consumer Protection in the Government of Maharashtra from 1995 to 1999.",
"title": "Sudhir Mungantiwar"
},
{
"idx": 8,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Moumouni Fabré (born 28 November 1953) is a Burkinabé politician who has served as the Ambassador of Burkina Faso to South Africa since 2008. He was Minister of Territorial Administration and Decentralization from 2002 to 2006.",
"title": "Moumouni Fabré"
},
{
"idx": 9,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "The Assembly consisted of nine seats, with electors casting nine equal votes, of which no more than two could be given to any individual candidate. It is a method of voting called a \"weighted first past the post system\". Four of the members of the Assembly formed the Executive Council, which devised policy and acted as an advisory body to the Administrator. The last Chief Minister of Norfolk Island was Lisle Snell. Other ministers included: Minister for Tourism, Industry and Development; Minister for Finance; Minister for Cultural Heritage and Community Services; and Minister for Environment.",
"title": "Norfolk Island"
},
{
"idx": 10,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "The Canada Employment Insurance Financing Board (CEIFB) was a Crown corporation of the Government of Canada, created in 2008, that began its operations in 2010 and was dissolved in 2013. As a parent Crown corporation, under Part X of the Financial Administration Act, CEIFB reported to Parliament through the Minister of Human Resources and Skills Development.",
"title": "Canada Employment Insurance Financing Board"
},
{
"idx": 11,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Khabarovsky District () is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the seventeen in Khabarovsk Krai, Russia. It consists of two unconnected segments separated by the territory of Amursky District, which are located in the southwest of the krai. The area of the district is . Its administrative center is the city of Khabarovsk (which is not administratively a part of the district). Population:",
"title": "Khabarovsky District"
},
{
"idx": 12,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Emmanuel Kasonde (December 23, 1935 – December 12, 2008) was a Zambian economist and politician who served as the Finance permanent secretary or Minister of Finance under three successive Zambian presidential administrations, including Kenneth Kaunda, Frederick Chiluba and Levy Mwanawasa.",
"title": "Emmanuel Kasonde"
},
{
"idx": 13,
"is_supporting": true,
"paragraph_text": "Ajanale is a village in the state of Maharashtra, India. Administratively it is under the Sangole Taluka of Solapur District in Maharashtra. The village is known for its export quality \"anar\" (pomegranates). 90% of its population is directly or indirectly dependent on pomegranate production. Hence annual income is very high.The village is located 15 km by road west of the town of Sangole, and 8 km by road east of the village of Bombewadi and the bridge over the Man River.",
"title": "Ajanale"
},
{
"idx": 14,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Biysky District () is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the fifty-nine in Altai Krai, Russia. It is located in the east of the krai and borders with Zonalny, Tselinny, Soltonsky, Krasnogorsky, Sovetsky, and Smolensky Districts, as well as with the territory of the City of Biysk. The area of the district is . Its administrative center is the city of Biysk (which is not administratively a part of the district). District's population:",
"title": "Biysky District"
},
{
"idx": 15,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "The National Treasury is one of the departments of the South African government. The Treasury manages national economic policy, prepares the South African government's annual budget and manages the government's finances. Along with the South African Revenue Service and Statistics South Africa, the Treasury falls within the portfolio of the Minister of Finance. Throughout the course of President Jacob Zuma's second administration, the ministry has undergone several changes. Most notably, Nhlanhla Nene was suddenly dismissed on 9 December 2015, without explanation, and replaced with a relatively unknown parliamentary back - bencher from the ruling ANC's caucus, David 'Des' van Rooyen for a record - total of 3 days. He was, in turn, replaced by Pravin Gordhan after the President faced significant pressure from political and business groups over the move. On 30 March 2017 Jacob Zuma axed Pravin Gordhan and appoint Malusi Gigaba as a Finance Minister. Following Zuma's resignation, President Cyril Ramaphosa returned Nhlanhla Nene as Minister in his cabinet reshuffle on 26 February 2018.",
"title": "National Treasury (South Africa)"
},
{
"idx": 16,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "François-Xavier Joseph de Casabianca (27 June 1796 – 24 May 1881) was a French aristocrat, lawyer and politician who served as Minister of Agriculture and Commerce, Minister of Finance and then",
"title": "François-Xavier Joseph de Casabianca"
},
{
"idx": 17,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Paea is a commune in the suburbs of Papeete in French Polynesia, an overseas territory of France in the southern Pacific Ocean. Paea is located on the island of Tahiti, in the administrative subdivision of the Windward Islands, themselves part of the Society Islands. At the 2017 census it had a population of 13,021.",
"title": "Paea"
},
{
"idx": 18,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Also again in 2017, departing from the colonial - era tradition of presenting the Union Budget on the last working day of February, Minister of Finance (India) Arun Jaitley, in the NDA government (led by Bharatiya Janata Party) of Narendra Modi government announced that it will now be presented on 1 February. Additionally Rail Budget, presented separately for 92 Years, merged with union budget.",
"title": "Union budget of India"
},
{
"idx": 19,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Leslie A. Kirwan is an American government official and college administrator who currently serves as the Faculty of Arts and Sciences Dean for Administration and Finance at Harvard University.",
"title": "Leslie Kirwan"
}
],
"question": "Who is the finance minister of the state Ajanale is located in 2017?",
"question_decomposition": [
{
"answer": "Maharashtra",
"id": 385655,
"paragraph_support_idx": 13,
"question": "Ajanale >> located in the administrative territorial entity"
},
{
"answer": "Sudhir Mungantiwar",
"id": 56026,
"paragraph_support_idx": 7,
"question": "who is the finance minister of #1 2017"
}
]
} |
3hop1__860834_643936_36283 | When did the country that contains the birthplace of Reynier de Klerck refuse to surrender Namibia? | 1946 | [
"1946"
] | {
"answer": "1946",
"answer_aliases": [],
"answerable": true,
"id": "3hop1__860834_643936_36283",
"paragraphs": [
{
"idx": 0,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "The Reynier Speer House is located in Little Falls, Passaic County, New Jersey, United States. The house was built in 1785 by Reynier Speer and was added to the National Register of Historic Places on July 18, 1985. An earlier building from 1680 occupied the location.",
"title": "Reynier Speer House"
},
{
"idx": 1,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "In the general election, against the advice of his advisors, Eisenhower insisted on campaigning in the South, refusing to surrender the region to the Democratic Party. The campaign strategy, dubbed \"K1C2\", was to focus on attacking the Truman and Roosevelt administrations on three issues: Korea, Communism and corruption. In an effort to accommodate the right, he stressed that the liberation of Eastern Europe should be by peaceful means only; he also distanced himself from his former boss President Truman.",
"title": "Dwight D. Eisenhower"
},
{
"idx": 2,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Compared to neighbouring countries, Namibia has a large degree of media freedom. Over the past years, the country usually ranked in the upper quarter of the Press Freedom Index of Reporters without Borders, reaching position 21 in 2010, being on par with Canada and the best-positioned African country. The African Media Barometer shows similarly positive results.[citation needed] However, as in other countries, there is still mentionable influence of representatives of state and economy on media in Namibia. In 2009, Namibia dropped to position 36 on the Press Freedom Index. In 2013, it was 19th. In 2014 it ranked 22nd",
"title": "Namibia"
},
{
"idx": 3,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Namibia is one of few countries in the world to specifically address conservation and protection of natural resources in its constitution. Article 95 states, \"The State shall actively promote and maintain the welfare of the people by adopting international policies aimed at the following: maintenance of ecosystems, essential ecological processes, and biological diversity of Namibia, and utilisation of living natural resources on a sustainable basis for the benefit of all Namibians, both present and future.\"",
"title": "Namibia"
},
{
"idx": 4,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "The Embassy of Namibia in Washington, D.C. is the Republic of Namibia's diplomatic mission to the United States. It's located at 1605 New Hampshire Avenue, Northwest, Washington, D.C., in the Dupont Circle neighborhood.",
"title": "Embassy of Namibia in Washington, D.C."
},
{
"idx": 5,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Eswatini, Lesotho, Botswana, Namibia, and the Republic of South Africa form the Southern African Customs Union (SACU), where import duties apply uniformly to member countries. Eswatini, Lesotho, Namibia, and South Africa also are members of the Common Monetary Area (CMA) in which repatriation and unrestricted funds are permitted. Eswatini issues its own currency, the lilangeni (plural: emalangeni), which is at par with the South African rand.",
"title": "Economy of Eswatini"
},
{
"idx": 6,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "In 1758, British forces again captured Louisbourg, allowing them to blockade the entrance to the St. Lawrence River. This proved decisive in the war. In 1759, the British besieged Quebec by sea, and an army under General James Wolfe defeated the French under General Louis-Joseph de Montcalm at the Battle of the Plains of Abraham in September. The garrison in Quebec surrendered on 18 September, and by the next year New France had been conquered by the British after the attack on Montreal, which had refused to acknowledge the fall of Canada. The last French governor-general of New France, Pierre François de Rigaud, Marquis de Vaudreuil-Cavagnal, surrendered to British Major General Jeffery Amherst on 8 September 1760. France formally ceded Canada to the British in the Treaty of Paris, signed 10 February 1763.",
"title": "New France"
},
{
"idx": 7,
"is_supporting": true,
"paragraph_text": "De Klerk's date of birth is not known but he was baptised on 19 November 1710 in Middelburg. He worked as midshipman aboard the \"Kamer van Zeeland\", a warship, whose duty was to protect the routes of homeward bound cargo ships. He made two trips to India as a sailor in the service of the Dutch East India Company. In December 1730, he left permanently for India aboard the \"t Vliegend Hert\".",
"title": "Reynier de Klerck"
},
{
"idx": 8,
"is_supporting": true,
"paragraph_text": "South Africa occupied the colony in 1915 after defeating the German force during World War I and administered it from 1919 onward as a League of Nations mandate territory. Although the South African government desired to incorporate 'South-West Africa' into its territory, it never officially did so, although it was administered as the de facto 'fifth province', with the white minority having representation in the whites-only Parliament of South Africa, as well as electing their own local administration the SWA Legislative Assembly. The South African government also appointed the SWA administrator, who had extensive powers. Following the League's replacement by the United Nations in 1946, South Africa refused to surrender its earlier mandate to be replaced by a United Nations Trusteeship agreement, requiring closer international monitoring of the territory's administration (along with a definite independence schedule). The Herero Chief's Council submitted a number of petitions to the UN calling for it to grant Namibia independence during the 1950s. During the 1960s, when European powers granted independence to their colonies and trust territories in Africa, pressure mounted on South Africa to do so in Namibia. In 1966 the International Court of Justice dismissed a complaint brought by Ethiopia and Liberia against South Africa's continued presence in the territory, but the U.N. General Assembly subsequently revoked South Africa's mandate, while in 1971 the International Court of Justice issued an \"advisory opinion\" declaring South Africa's continued administration to be illegal.",
"title": "Namibia"
},
{
"idx": 9,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "As of 2010, the maternal mortality rate was 560 deaths/100,000 live births, and the infant mortality rate was 59.34 deaths/1,000 live births. Female genital mutilation (FGM) is rare in the country, being confined to limited geographic areas of the country.",
"title": "Republic of the Congo"
},
{
"idx": 10,
"is_supporting": true,
"paragraph_text": "Boschmanskop No 1+2 Dam, is an earth-fill type dam on the Woes-Alleen River, near Middelburg, Mpumalanga, South Africa. It was established in 1995. Its primary purpose is flood control and it is owned by Optimum Colliery Pullen's Hope.",
"title": "Boschmanskop No 1 Dam"
},
{
"idx": 11,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Although public opinion in Paris was strongly against any form of surrender or concession to the Prussians, the Government realised that it could not hold the city for much longer, and that Gambetta's provincial armies would probably never break through to relieve Paris. President Trochu resigned on 25 January and was replaced by Favre, who signed the surrender two days later at Versailles, with the armistice coming into effect at midnight. Several sources claim that in his carriage on the way back to Paris, Favre broke into tears, and collapsed into his daughter's arms as the guns around Paris fell silent at midnight. At Tours, Gambetta received word from Paris on 30 January that the Government had surrendered. Furious, he refused to surrender and launched an immediate attack on German forces at Orleans which, predictably, failed. A delegation of Parisian diplomats arrived in Tours by train on 5 February to negotiate with Gambetta, and the following day Gambetta stepped down and surrendered control of the provincial armies to the Government of National Defence, which promptly ordered a cease-fire across France.",
"title": "Franco-Prussian War"
},
{
"idx": 12,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "The end of World War II brought a baby boom to many countries, especially Western ones. There is some disagreement as to the precise beginning and ending dates of the post-war baby boom, but it is most often agreed to have begun in the years immediately after the war, though some place it earlier at the increase of births in 1941 - 1943. The boom started to decline as birth rates in the United States started to decline in 1958, though the boom would only grind to a halt 3 years later in 1961, 20 years after it began.",
"title": "Mid-twentieth century baby boom"
},
{
"idx": 13,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Juanita du Plessis (née Naude) is a famous Afrikaans country singer, born on 26 April in Windhoek, Namibia. She became known for her song \"Ska-Rumba\". Du Plessis' singing career began in 1998 with her debut album \"Juanita\". That year she won the CMA (Country Music Association in Namibia) awards as best singer, best songwriter and the Association’s Award for outstanding achievement.",
"title": "Juanita du Plessis"
},
{
"idx": 14,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "The war in Europe concluded with an invasion of Germany by the Western Allies and the Soviet Union, culminating in the capture of Berlin by Soviet troops, the suicide of Adolf Hitler and the subsequent German unconditional surrender on 8 May 1945. Following the Potsdam Declaration by the Allies on 26 July 1945 and the refusal of Japan to surrender under its terms, the United States dropped atomic bombs on the Japanese cities of Hiroshima and Nagasaki on 6 and 9 August respectively. With an invasion of the Japanese archipelago imminent, the possibility of additional atomic bombings and the Soviet invasion of Manchuria, Japan formally surrendered on 2 September 1945. Thus ended the war in Asia, cementing the total victory of the Allies.",
"title": "World War II"
},
{
"idx": 15,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Mobile Telecommunications Limited (MTC) is a mobile telecommunications company in Namibia providing cellular access. It is the largest mobile operator in Namibia with over two million active subscribers. MTC was established in 1994 and was the only cellular provider in Namibia at that time. Today its competitors in Namibia are TN Mobile and Telecom.",
"title": "MTC Namibia"
},
{
"idx": 16,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "In August 1993, prior to the end of apartheid, the Multiparty Negotiating Forum in South Africa passed a resolution calling for ``the incorporation - reintegration of Walvis Bay and the Off - Shore Islands into Namibia. ''The Transfer of Walvis Bay to Namibia Act was passed by the Parliament of South Africa that year. Following the signing of a treaty between the two countries, South Africa formally transferred sovereignty of Walvis Bay and the Penguin Islands to Namibia on 1 March 1994.",
"title": "Walvis Bay"
},
{
"idx": 17,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Birth control practices were generally adopted earlier in Europe than in the United States. Knowlton's book was reprinted in 1877 in England by Charles Bradlaugh and Annie Besant, with the goal of challenging Britain's obscenity laws. They were arrested (and later acquitted) but the publicity of their trial contributed to the formation, in 1877, of the Malthusian League -- the world's first birth control advocacy group -- which sought to limit population growth to avoid Thomas Malthus's dire predictions of exponential population growth leading to worldwide poverty and famine. By 1930, similar societies had been established in nearly all European countries, and birth control began to find acceptance in most Western European countries, except Catholic Ireland, Spain, and France. As the birth control societies spread across Europe, so did birth control clinics. The first birth control clinic in the world was established in the Netherlands in 1882, run by the Netherlands' first female physician, Aletta Jacobs. The first birth control clinic in England was established in 1921 by Marie Stopes, in London.",
"title": "Birth control movement in the United States"
},
{
"idx": 18,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "The reason for the order of the classes and the reason why people were placed in a certain class was the date they surrendered to the Mongols, and had nothing to do with their ethnicity. The earlier they surrendered to the Mongols, the higher they were placed, the more the held out, the lower they were ranked. The Northern Chinese were ranked higher and Southern Chinese were ranked lower because southern China withstood and fought to the last before caving in. Major commerce during this era gave rise to favorable conditions for private southern Chinese manufacturers and merchants.",
"title": "Yuan dynasty"
},
{
"idx": 19,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "The capital city of Windhoek plays a very important role in Namibia's tourism due to its central location and close proximity to Hosea Kutako International Airport. According to The Namibia Tourism Exit Survey, which was produced by the Millennium Challenge Corporation for the Namibian Directorate of Tourism, 56% of all tourists visiting Namibia during the time period, 2012 - 2013, visited Windhoek. Many of Namibia's tourism related parastatals and governing bodies such as Namibia Wildlife Resorts, Air Namibia and the Namibia Tourism Board as well as Namibia's tourism related trade associations such as the Hospitality Association of Namibia are also all headquartered in Windhoek. There are also a number of notable hotels in Windhoek such as Windhoek Country Club Resort and some international hotel chains also operate in Windhoek, such as Avani Hotels and Resorts and Hilton Hotels and Resorts.",
"title": "Namibia"
}
],
"question": "When did the country that contains the birthplace of Reynier de Klerck refuse to surrender Namibia?",
"question_decomposition": [
{
"answer": "Middelburg",
"id": 860834,
"paragraph_support_idx": 7,
"question": "Reynier de Klerck >> place of birth"
},
{
"answer": "South Africa",
"id": 643936,
"paragraph_support_idx": 10,
"question": "#1 >> country"
},
{
"answer": "1946",
"id": 36283,
"paragraph_support_idx": 8,
"question": "When did #2 refuse to surrender Namibia?"
}
]
} |
3hop1__22527_146265_57615 | When does fall weather start in the the state where the governor of same state died during the Civil War? | October and November | [
"October and November"
] | {
"answer": "October and November",
"answer_aliases": [],
"answerable": true,
"id": "3hop1__22527_146265_57615",
"paragraphs": [
{
"idx": 0,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Hermann Langbein (18 May 1912 in Vienna, Austria – 24 October 1995 in Vienna, Austria) was an Austrian who fought in the Spanish Civil War with the International Brigades for the Spanish Republicans against the Nationalists under Francisco Franco. He was interned in France after the end of the Spanish Civil War, and then sent to German concentration camps after the fall of France in 1940.",
"title": "Hermann Langbein"
},
{
"idx": 1,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Robert Byington Mitchell (April 4, 1823January 26, 1882) was a brigadier general in the Union Army during the American Civil War and the Governor of the New Mexico Territory from 1866 to 1869.",
"title": "Robert Byington Mitchell"
},
{
"idx": 2,
"is_supporting": true,
"paragraph_text": "Fall is the most rapidly changing season temperature wise, especially in October and November. Tropical cyclones remain a threat until late in the season. The Appalachian Mountains are frequently visited at this time of year, due to the leaves changing color in the trees.",
"title": "Climate of North Carolina"
},
{
"idx": 3,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Die Fälschung (French title: Le Faussaire; English title: Circle of Deceit) is an anti-war film directed by Volker Schlöndorff and internationally released in 1981. An international co-production, it was an adaptation of Nicolas Born's novel of the same name, which had appeared in 1979. The film follows a German journalist sent to Beirut to report on the Lebanese Civil War, which had begun in 1975.",
"title": "Die Fälschung"
},
{
"idx": 4,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Charles Smith Olden (February 19, 1799April 7, 1876) was an American Republican Party politician, who served as the 19th Governor of New Jersey from 1860 to 1863 during the first part of the American Civil War.",
"title": "Charles Smith Olden"
},
{
"idx": 5,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "John Yates Beall (January 1, 1835 – February 24, 1865) was a Confederate privateer in the American Civil War who was arrested as a spy in New York and executed at Fort Columbus, Governors Island, New York.",
"title": "John Yates Beall"
},
{
"idx": 6,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "William Sprague IV (September 12, 1830September 11, 1915) was the 27th Governor of Rhode Island from 1860 to 1863, and U.S. Senator from 1863 to 1875. He participated in the First Battle of Bull Run during the American Civil War while he was a sitting Governor.",
"title": "William Sprague IV"
},
{
"idx": 7,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "John Milton Thayer (January 24, 1820March 19, 1906) was a general in the Union Army during the American Civil War and a postbellum United States Senator from Nebraska. Thayer served as Governor of Wyoming Territory and Governor of Nebraska.",
"title": "John Milton Thayer"
},
{
"idx": 8,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Roswell Farnham (July 23, 1827January 5, 1903) was an American politician of the Republican Party, an officer in the Union Army during the American Civil War, a lawyer, and the 38th Governor of Vermont.",
"title": "Roswell Farnham"
},
{
"idx": 9,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Sir John Stawell or Stowell (29 August 1600 – 21 February 1662) of Cothelstone in Somerset, was an English Member of Parliament and Royalist governor of Taunton during the English Civil War.",
"title": "John Stawell"
},
{
"idx": 10,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Sir John Hotham, 1st Baronet, of Scorborough (circa July 1589 – 3 January 1645) was an English politician and Member of Parliament, who was governor of Hull in 1642 shortly before the start of the English Civil War. He refused to allow Charles I of England or any member of his entourage to enter the town, thereby depriving the King access to the large arsenal contained within. Later in the Civil war he and his son, John Hotham the younger, were accused of treachery, found guilty and executed.",
"title": "Sir John Hotham, 1st Baronet"
},
{
"idx": 11,
"is_supporting": true,
"paragraph_text": "After the Civil War began, Governor Zebulon Baird Vance ordered the construction of breastworks around the city as protection from Union troops. During General Sherman's Carolinas Campaign, Raleigh was captured by Union cavalry under the command of General Hugh Judson Kilpatrick on April 13, 1865. As the Confederate cavalry retreated west, the Union soldiers followed, leading to the nearby Battle of Morrisville. The city was spared significant destruction during the War, but due to the economic problems of the post-war period and Reconstruction, with a state economy based on agriculture, it grew little over the next several decades.",
"title": "Raleigh, North Carolina"
},
{
"idx": 12,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Raleigh is an early example in the United States of a planned city, chosen as the site of the state capital in 1788 and incorporated in 1792 as such. The city was originally laid out in a grid pattern with the North Carolina State Capitol in Union Square at the center. In the United States Civil War the city was spared from any significant battle, only falling in the closing days of the war, though it did not escape the economic hardships that plagued the rest of the American South during the Reconstruction Era. The twentieth century saw the opening of the Research Triangle Park in 1959, and with the jobs it created the region and city saw a large influx of population, making it one of the fastest growing communities in the United States by the early 21st century.",
"title": "Raleigh, North Carolina"
},
{
"idx": 13,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Autumn weather in North Dakota is largely the reverse of spring weather. The jet stream, which tends to weaken in summer, begins to re-strengthen, leading to a quicker changing of weather patterns and an increased variability of temperatures. By late October and November these storm systems become strong enough to form major winter storms. Fall and spring are the windiest times of the year in North Dakota.",
"title": "Climate of North Dakota"
},
{
"idx": 14,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "James Milton Smith (October 24, 1823November 25, 1890) was a Confederate infantry colonel in the American Civil War, as well as a post-war Governor of Georgia. He was noted as an ardent opponent of Radical Reconstruction.",
"title": "James Milton Smith"
},
{
"idx": 15,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "The History of Algeria from 1962 to 1999 includes the period starting with preparations for independence and the aftermath of the independence war with France in the 1960s to the Civil War and the 1999 presidential election.",
"title": "History of Algeria (1962–99)"
},
{
"idx": 16,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "The Little Missouri Falls is a sizable waterfall on the upper reaches of the Little Missouri River in southwest Arkansas in the Ouachita National Forest. It is a stairstep fall in a deep gorge. The falls can be reached by an all-weather gravel road, and there is a parking area with restrooms and a paved trail leading to observation sites. Water flow is greatest during the winter and spring months.",
"title": "Little Missouri Falls"
},
{
"idx": 17,
"is_supporting": true,
"paragraph_text": "Zebulon Baird Vance (May 13, 1830 – April 14, 1894) was a Confederate military officer in the American Civil War, the 37th and 43rd Governor of North Carolina, and U.S. Senator. A prolific writer, Vance became one of the most influential Southern leaders of the Civil War and postbellum periods. As a leader of the \"New South\", Vance favored the rapid modernization of the southern economy, railroad expansion, school construction, and reconciliation with the North.",
"title": "Zebulon Baird Vance"
},
{
"idx": 18,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Alonzo Watson (1891 –1937) was an American anti-Fascist, historically famous as one of the first American anti-Fascist volunteers –as well as the first African American –to fall on the field of battle during the Spanish Civil War (1936-1939).",
"title": "Alonzo Watson"
},
{
"idx": 19,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Thomas Clement Fletcher (January 21, 1827March 25, 1899) was the 18th Governor of Missouri during the latter stages of the American Civil War and the early part of Reconstruction. He was the first Missouri governor to be born in the state. The Thomas C. Fletcher House was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1974.",
"title": "Thomas Clement Fletcher"
}
],
"question": "When does fall weather start in the the state where the governor of same state died during the Civil War?",
"question_decomposition": [
{
"answer": "Zebulon Baird Vance",
"id": 22527,
"paragraph_support_idx": 11,
"question": "Who was the governor during the Civil War?"
},
{
"answer": "North Carolina",
"id": 146265,
"paragraph_support_idx": 17,
"question": "In what city did #1 die?"
},
{
"answer": "October and November",
"id": 57615,
"paragraph_support_idx": 2,
"question": "when does fall weather start in #2"
}
]
} |
3hop2__21987_69649_831253 | What government followed the monarch who retranslated the Reflections into French from the country that allied with America after the Battle of Saratoga? | First French Republic | [
"First French Republic",
"French Republic"
] | {
"answer": "First French Republic",
"answer_aliases": [
"French Republic"
],
"answerable": true,
"id": "3hop2__21987_69649_831253",
"paragraphs": [
{
"idx": 0,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "De La Démocratie en Amérique (French pronunciation: (dəla demɔkʁasi ɑ̃n ‿ ameˈʁik); published in two volumes, the first in 1835 and the second in 1840) is a classic French text by Alexis de Tocqueville. Its title translates as On Democracy in America, but English translations are usually simply entitled Democracy in America. In the book, Tocqueville examines the democratic revolution that he believed had been occurring over the previous several hundred years.",
"title": "Democracy in America"
},
{
"idx": 1,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "The Battle of Seminara, part of the First Italian War, was fought in Calabria on 28 June 1495 between a French garrison in recently conquered Southern Italy and the allied forces of Spain and Naples which were attempting to reconquer these territories. Against the redoubtable combination of gendarmes and Swiss mercenary pikemen in the French force, the allies had only Neapolitan troops of indifferent quality and a small corps of lightly-armed Spanish soldiers, accustomed to fighting the Moors of Spain. The result was a rout, and much of the fighting centered on delaying actions to permit the fleeing allied force to escape. However, although the battle was a decisive French victory from a tactical perspective, it did not prevent the allies from driving the French from southern Italy.",
"title": "Battle of Seminara"
},
{
"idx": 2,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "The Battle of Vigo Bay, also known as the Battle of Rande (; ), was a naval engagement fought on 23 October 1702 during the opening years of the War of the Spanish Succession. The engagement followed an Anglo-Dutch attempt to capture the Spanish port of Cádiz in September in an effort to secure a naval base in the Iberian Peninsula. From this station the Allies had hoped to conduct operations in the western Mediterranean Sea, particularly against the French at Toulon. The amphibious assault, however, had proved a disaster, but as Admiral George Rooke retreated home in early October, he received news that the Spanish treasure fleet from America, laden with silver and merchandise, had entered Vigo Bay in northern Spain. Philips van Almonde convinced Rooke to attack the treasure ships, despite the lateness of the year and the fact that the vessels were protected by French ships-of-the-line.",
"title": "Battle of Vigo Bay"
},
{
"idx": 3,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Following the Ulm Campaign, French forces managed to capture Vienna in November. The fall of Vienna provided the French a huge bounty as they captured 100,000 muskets, 500 cannons, and the intact bridges across the Danube. At this critical juncture, both Tsar Alexander I and Holy Roman Emperor Francis II decided to engage Napoleon in battle, despite reservations from some of their subordinates. Napoleon sent his army north in pursuit of the Allies, but then ordered his forces to retreat so that he could feign a grave weakness. Desperate to lure the Allies into battle, Napoleon gave every indication in the days preceding the engagement that the French army was in a pitiful state, even abandoning the dominant Pratzen Heights near the village of Austerlitz. At the Battle of Austerlitz, in Moravia on 2 December, he deployed the French army below the Pratzen Heights and deliberately weakened his right flank, enticing the Allies to launch a major assault there in the hopes of rolling up the whole French line. A forced march from Vienna by Marshal Davout and his III Corps plugged the gap left by Napoleon just in time. Meanwhile, the heavy Allied deployment against the French right weakened their center on the Pratzen Heights, which was viciously attacked by the IV Corps of Marshal Soult. With the Allied center demolished, the French swept through both enemy flanks and sent the Allies fleeing chaotically, capturing thousands of prisoners in the process. The battle is often seen as a tactical masterpiece because of the near-perfect execution of a calibrated but dangerous plan — of the same stature as Cannae, the celebrated triumph by Hannibal some 2000 years before.",
"title": "Napoleon"
},
{
"idx": 4,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "The Battle of Solferino (referred to in Italy as the Battle of Solferino and San Martino) on 24 June 1859 resulted in the victory of the allied French Army under Napoleon III and Sardinian Army under Victor Emmanuel II (together known as the Franco-Sardinian Alliance) against the Austrian Army under Emperor Franz Joseph I. It was the last major battle in world history where all the armies were under the personal command of their monarchs. Perhaps 300,000 soldiers fought in the important battle, the largest since the Battle of Leipzig in 1813. There were about 130,000 Austrian troops and a combined total of 140,000 French and allied Piedmontese troops. After the battle, the Austrian Emperor refrained from further direct command of the army.",
"title": "Battle of Solferino"
},
{
"idx": 5,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "The Battle of Wilhelmsthal (sometimes written as the Battle of Wilhelmstadt) was fought on 24 June 1762 during the Seven Years' War between on one side the allied forces of British, Prussian, Hanover, Brunswick and Hessian troops under the command of the Duke of Brunswick against the French. Once again, the French threatened Hanover, so the Allies manoeuvered around the French, surrounded the invasion force, and forced them to retreat. It was the last major action fought by Brunswick's force before the Peace of Paris brought an end to the war.",
"title": "Battle of Wilhelmsthal"
},
{
"idx": 6,
"is_supporting": true,
"paragraph_text": "Louis XVI translated the Reflections \"from end to end\" into French. Fellow Whig MPs Richard Sheridan and Charles James Fox, disagreed with Burke and split with him. Fox thought the Reflections to be \"in very bad taste\" and \"favouring Tory principles\". Other Whigs such as the Duke of Portland and Earl Fitzwilliam privately agreed with Burke, but did not wish for a public breach with their Whig colleagues. Burke wrote on 29 November 1790: \"I have received from the Duke of Portland, Lord Fitzwilliam, the Duke of Devonshire, Lord John Cavendish, Montagu (Frederick Montagu MP), and a long et cetera of the old Stamina of the Whiggs a most full approbation of the principles of that work and a kind indulgence to the execution\". The Duke of Portland said in 1791 that when anyone criticised the Reflections to him, he informed them that he had recommended the book to his sons as containing the true Whig creed.",
"title": "Edmund Burke"
},
{
"idx": 7,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "The Battle of Plassey was a decisive victory of the British East India Company over the Nawab of Bengal and his French allies on 23 June 1757. The battle consolidated the Company's presence in Bengal, which later expanded to cover much of India over the next hundred years.",
"title": "Battle of Plassey"
},
{
"idx": 8,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "The Battle of Grünberg (21 March 1761) was fought between French and allied Prussian and Hanoverian troops in the Seven Years' War at village of Grünberg, Hesse, near Stangenrod. The French, led by the duc de Broglie, inflicted a significant defeat on the allies, taking several thousand prisoners, and capturing 18 military standards. The allied loss prompted Duke Ferdinand of Brunswick to lift the Siege of Cassel and retreat.",
"title": "Battle of Grünberg"
},
{
"idx": 9,
"is_supporting": true,
"paragraph_text": "Once news of Burgoyne's surrender reached France, King Louis XVI decided to enter into negotiations with the Americans that resulted in a formal Franco - American alliance and French entry into the war. This moved the conflict onto a global stage. As a consequence, Britain was forced to divert resources used to fight the war in North America to theaters in the West Indies and Europe, and rely on what turned out to be the chimera of Loyalist support in its North American operations. Being defeated by the British in the French and Indian War more than a decade earlier, France found an opportunity of revenge by aiding the colonists throughout the Revolutionary War. Prior to the Battle of Saratoga, France did n't fully aid the colonists. However, after the Battles of Saratoga were conclusively won by the colonists, France realized that the Americans had the hope of winning the war, and began fully aiding the colonists by sending soldiers, donations, loans, military arms, and supplies.",
"title": "Battles of Saratoga"
},
{
"idx": 10,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "The Bourbon Restoration followed the ousting of Napoleon I of France in 1814. The Allies restored the Bourbon Dynasty to the French throne. The ensuing period is called the Restoration, following French usage, and is characterized by a sharp conservative reaction and the re-establishment of the Roman Catholic Church as a power in French politics. The July Monarchy was a period of liberal constitutional monarchy in France under King Louis-Philippe starting with the July Revolution (or Three Glorious Days) of 1830 and ending with the Revolution of 1848. The Second Empire was the Imperial Bonapartist regime of Napoleon III from 1852 to 1870, between the Second Republic and the Third Republic, in France.",
"title": "Modern history"
},
{
"idx": 11,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "About one - third of the battles of the American Revolutionary War took place in New York; the first major battle after U.S. independence was declared -- and the largest battle of the entire war -- was fought in New York at the Battle of Long Island (a.k.a. Battle of Brooklyn) in August 1776. After their victory, the British occupied New York City, making it their military and political base of operations in North America for the duration of the conflict, and consequently the focus of General George Washington's intelligence network. On the notorious British prison ships of Wallabout Bay, more American combatants died of intentional neglect than were killed in combat in every battle of the war combined. Both sides of combatants lost more soldiers to disease than to outright wounds. The first of two major British armies were captured by the Continental Army at the Battle of Saratoga in 1777, a success that influenced France to ally with the revolutionaries. The state constitution was enacted in 1777. New York became the 11th state to ratify the United States Constitution, on July 26, 1788.",
"title": "New York (state)"
},
{
"idx": 12,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "The Battles of Saratoga (September 19 and October 7, 1777) marked the climax of the Saratoga campaign, giving a decisive victory to the Americans over the British in the American Revolutionary War. British General John Burgoyne led a large invasion army southward from Canada in the Champlain Valley, hoping to meet a similar British force marching northward from New York City and another British force marching eastward from Lake Ontario; the southern and western forces never arrived, and Burgoyne was surrounded by American forces in upstate New York. He fought two small battles to break out which took place 18 days apart on the same ground, 9 miles (14 km) south of Saratoga, New York. They both failed.",
"title": "Battles of Saratoga"
},
{
"idx": 13,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Burgoyne's strategy to divide New England from the southern colonies had started well but slowed due to logistical problems. He won a small tactical victory over General Horatio Gates and the Continental Army in the September 19 Battle of Freeman's Farm at the cost of significant casualties. His gains were erased when he again attacked the Americans in the October 7 Battle of Bemis Heights and the Americans captured a portion of the British defenses. Burgoyne was therefore compelled to retreat, and his army was surrounded by the much larger American force at Saratoga, forcing him to surrender on October 17. News of Burgoyne's surrender was instrumental in formally bringing France into the war as an American ally, although it had previously given supplies, ammunition, and guns, notably the de Valliere cannon which played an important role in Saratoga. This battle also resulted in Spain joining France in the war against Britain.",
"title": "Battles of Saratoga"
},
{
"idx": 14,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "After the great Battle of Dresden (26–27 August 1813), the Battle of Kulm took place here on 29–30 August, between the French Empire under Dominique Vandamme and an allied army of Austrians, Prussians, and Russians. The French were defeated and Vandamme surrendered with his army of 10,000 men. The heights above Kulm were the site of the Second Battle of Kulm, 17 September 1813.",
"title": "Chlumec (Ústí nad Labem District)"
},
{
"idx": 15,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "The Battle of Charleroi (), or the Battle of the Sambre, was fought on 21 August 1914, by the French Fifth Army and the German 2nd and 3rd armies, during the Battle of the Frontiers. The French were planning an attack across the Sambre River, when the Germans attacked first, forced back the French from the river and nearly cut off the French retreat by crossing the Meuse around Dinant and getting behind the French right flank. The French were saved by a counter-attack at Dinant and the re-direction of the 3rd Army to the north-west in support of the 2nd Army, rather than south-west.",
"title": "Battle of Charleroi"
},
{
"idx": 16,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "The Battle of Lake George was fought on 8 September 1755, in the north of the Province of New York. The battle was part of a campaign by the British to expel the French from North America, in the French and Indian War.",
"title": "Battle of Lake George"
},
{
"idx": 17,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "The Battle of Melle was a encounter battle fought on 9 July 1745, during the War of the Austrian Succession, between forces of the Pragmatic Allies and the French. After their defeat at Fontenoy in May, the Duke of Cumberland, Allied commander in Flanders, was under pressure from the Austrians to defend Brussels. He also wanted to protect the key port of Ghent, a major supply depot threatened by the French advance into West Flanders.",
"title": "Battle of Melle"
},
{
"idx": 18,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "The Battle of Orthez (27 February 1814) saw the Anglo-Portuguese Army under Field Marshal Arthur Wellesley, Marquess of Wellington attack an Imperial French army led by Marshal Nicolas Soult in southern France. The outnumbered French repelled several Allied assaults on their right flank, but their center and left flank were overcome and Soult was compelled to retreat. At first the withdrawal was conducted in good order, but it eventually ended in a scramble for safety and many French soldiers became prisoners. The engagement occurred near the end of the Peninsular War.",
"title": "Battle of Orthez"
},
{
"idx": 19,
"is_supporting": true,
"paragraph_text": "Charles-Henri Sanson, full title \"Chevalier Charles-Henri Sanson de Longval\" (15 February 1739 – 4 July 1806), was the royal executioner of France during the reign of King Louis XVI, and High Executioner of the First French Republic. He administered capital punishment in the city of Paris for over forty years, and by his own hand executed nearly 3,000 people, including the King himself.",
"title": "Charles-Henri Sanson"
}
],
"question": "What government followed the monarch who retranslated the Reflections into French from the country that allied with America after the Battle of Saratoga?",
"question_decomposition": [
{
"answer": "Louis XVI",
"id": 21987,
"paragraph_support_idx": 6,
"question": "Who re-translated the Reflections into French?"
},
{
"answer": "France,",
"id": 69649,
"paragraph_support_idx": 9,
"question": "who became allies with america after the battle of saratoga"
},
{
"answer": "First French Republic",
"id": 831253,
"paragraph_support_idx": 19,
"question": "#1 of #2 >> followed by"
}
]
} |
3hop1__107322_77757_753032 | What was the position of the person who defeated the last song emperor in the country where pugs are from? | Khagan | [
"Khagan",
"Great Khan"
] | {
"answer": "Khagan",
"answer_aliases": [
"Great Khan"
],
"answerable": true,
"id": "3hop1__107322_77757_753032",
"paragraphs": [
{
"idx": 0,
"is_supporting": true,
"paragraph_text": "The Song dynasty is divided into two distinct periods, Northern and Southern. During the Northern Song (Chinese: 北宋; 960 -- 1127), the Song capital was in the northern city of Bianjing (now Kaifeng) and the dynasty controlled most of what is now Eastern China. The Southern Song (Chinese: 南宋; 1127 -- 1279) refers to the period after the Song lost control of its northern half to the Jurchen Jin dynasty in the Jin -- Song Wars. During this time, the Song court retreated south of the Yangtze and established its capital at Lin'an (now Hangzhou). Although the Song dynasty had lost control of the traditional ``birthplace of Chinese civilization ''along the Yellow River, the Song economy was still strong, as the Southern Song Empire contained a large population and productive agricultural land. The Southern Song dynasty considerably bolstered its naval strength to defend its waters and land borders and to conduct maritime missions abroad. To repel the Jin, and later the Mongols, the Song developed revolutionary new military technology augmented by the use of gunpowder. In 1234, the Jin dynasty was conquered by the Mongols, who took control of northern China, maintaining uneasy relations with the Southern Song. Möngke Khan, the fourth Great Khan of the Mongol Empire, died in 1259 while besieging the city of Chongqing. His younger brother Kublai Khan was proclaimed the new Great Khan, though his claim was only partially recognized by the Mongols in the west. In 1271, Kublai Khan was proclaimed the Emperor of China. After two decades of sporadic warfare, Kublai Khan's armies conquered the Song dynasty in 1279. The Mongol invasion led to a reunification under the Yuan dynasty (1271 -- 1368).",
"title": "Song dynasty"
},
{
"idx": 1,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Kevin D. Stocks is an accounting professor in the Marriott School of Management at Brigham Young University. He currently holds the KPMG Professorship and recently stepped down as the Director of the School of Accountancy, a position he held for the last nine years. This year he is involved as Professor in Residence with KPMG.",
"title": "Kevin D. Stocks"
},
{
"idx": 2,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Following the defeat of the usurper known as Constantine III, Jovinus was proclaimed emperor at Mainz in 411, a puppet supported by Gundahar, king of the Burgundians, and Goar, king of the Alans. Jovinus kept his position in Gaul for two years, long enough to issue coinage that showed him wearing the imperial diadem. He was supported by a number of local Gallo-Roman nobles who had survived Constantine's defeat.",
"title": "Jovinus"
},
{
"idx": 3,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Prince Chiêu Minh Trần Quang Khải (1241–1294) was the third son of Trần Thái Tông, first emperor of the Trần Dynasty of Vietnam. Being the younger brother of the Emperor Trần Thánh Tông and holding the position of grand chancellor of the Trần Dynasty for many years, Trần Quang Khải was one of the most important figures of the Trần family and the royal court during the reigns of emperors Thánh Tông and Nhân Tông. In the second war of resistance against the Mongol invasion, Trần Quang Khải and Trần Hưng Đạo were two key commanders of the Đại Việt army who helped the Emperor defeat the troops of Kublai Khan's son prince Toghan. Besides his military and administrative activities, Prince Chiêu Minh was also a famous poet and was credited as the creator of the \"dance of flowers\". Today, Trần Quang Khải is still considered as one of the most famous historical figures of the Trần Dynasty and is worshiped in several temples in Vietnam.",
"title": "Trần Quang Khải"
},
{
"idx": 4,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Meng Xuanzhe (孟玄喆) (937–991), courtesy name Zunsheng (遵聖), formally the Duke of Teng (滕國公), was a crown prince of the Chinese Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms Period state Later Shu under his father Meng Chang, the last emperor of the state. After Later Shu was destroyed by Song Dynasty, Meng Xuanzhe served as a general and official for Song.",
"title": "Meng Xuanzhe"
},
{
"idx": 5,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "The newly allied armies captured Beijing on June 6. The Shunzhi Emperor was invested as the \"Son of Heaven\" on October 30. The Manchus, who had positioned themselves as political heir to the Ming emperor by defeating the rebel Li Zicheng, completed the symbolic transition by holding a formal funeral for the Chongzhen Emperor. However the process of conquering the rest of China took another seventeen years of battling Ming loyalists, pretenders and rebels. The last Ming pretender, Prince Gui, sought refuge with the King of Burma, but was turned over to a Qing expeditionary army commanded by Wu Sangui, who had him brought back to Yunnan province and executed in early 1662.",
"title": "Qing dynasty"
},
{
"idx": 6,
"is_supporting": true,
"paragraph_text": "Kublai (; ; ) was the fifth Khagan (Great Khan) of the Mongol Empire (\"Ikh Mongol Uls\"), reigning from 1260 to 1294 (although due to the division of the empire this was a nominal position). He also founded the Yuan dynasty in China as a conquest dynasty in 1271, and ruled as the first Yuan emperor until his death in 1294.",
"title": "Kublai Khan"
},
{
"idx": 7,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "``Middle of a Memory ''is a song co-written and recorded by American country music artist Cole Swindell. The song was released to radio on May 2, 2016 as the second single to his second studio album You Should Be Here. The song was written by Swindell, Zach Crowell and Ashley Gorley. It received positive reviews from critics praising Swindell's improvements as a storyteller.",
"title": "Middle of a Memory"
},
{
"idx": 8,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Spain was represented by Sergio Dalma at the Eurovision Song Contest 1991, held in Rome, Italy. Dalma was selected internally by Radiotelevisión Española (RTVE), the Spanish broadcaster, to represent the country at the contest in Italy with the song \"Bailar pegados\".",
"title": "Spain in the Eurovision Song Contest 1991"
},
{
"idx": 9,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "The defeat of Eugenius and his commander, the Frankish magister militum Arbogast, put the whole empire back in the hands of a single emperor for the last time until the final collapse of the Western Roman Empire (not considering the purely nominal claim of Zeno in 480). Theodosius passed",
"title": "Battle of the Frigidus"
},
{
"idx": 10,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "``The Keeper of the Stars ''is a song written by Dickey Lee, Danny Mayo and Karen Staley, and recorded by American country music artist Tracy Byrd. It was released in February 1995 as the fourth and last single from his album No Ordinary Man, it went on to reach a peak of # 2 on the Billboard Hot Country Singles & Tracks (now Hot Country Songs) charts, behind`` I Can Love You Like That'' by John Michael Montgomery. A year after its release, it was named Song of the Year by the Country Music Association.",
"title": "The Keeper of the Stars"
},
{
"idx": 11,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "\"Hands of a Working Man\" is a song written by D. Vincent Williams and Jim Collins, and recorded by American country music artist Ty Herndon. It was released in January 1999 as the third single from his album, \"Big Hopes\". The song reached number 5 on the \"Billboard\" Hot Country Singles & Tracks chart in May 1999, and was Herndon's last Top Ten country hit.",
"title": "Hands of a Working Man"
},
{
"idx": 12,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "``Come a Little Closer ''is a song co-written and recorded by American country music artist Dierks Bentley. It was released in July 2005 as the second single from his second studio album Modern Day Drifter. It went to number one on the U.S. Country chart in 2005. The song held that position for the chart weeks of December 3 and December 10, 2005. On the chart for December 17, the song fell to number two when Joe Nichols'`` Tequila Makes Her Clothes Fall Off'' replaced it at the top spot. The song then returned to number 1 for a third and final week on the chart dated December 24. The song was written by Bentley and Brett Beavers.",
"title": "Come a Little Closer (Dierks Bentley song)"
},
{
"idx": 13,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "The tradition of Estonian Song Festivals (Laulupidu) started at the height of the Estonian national awakening in 1869. Today, it is one of the largest amateur choral events in the world. In 2004, about 100,000 people participated in the Song Festival. Since 1928, the Tallinn Song Festival Grounds (Lauluväljak) have hosted the event every five years in July. The last festival took place in July 2014. In addition, Youth Song Festivals are also held every four or five years, the last of them in 2011, and the next is scheduled for 2017.",
"title": "Estonia"
},
{
"idx": 14,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "He debuted the song publicly at the Country Music Association's annual awards show on November 7, 2001. It was released that month as a single and topped the Hot Country Singles & Tracks chart for five weeks; in addition, it reached number 28 on Billboard's all - genre Hot 100 chart. The song received largely positive reviews from critics, who appreciated its simple, largely apolitical stance. The song won multiple awards at the Academy of Country Music and Country Music Association Awards, including Song of the Year, and also earned Jackson his first Grammy Award for Best Country Song.",
"title": "Where Were You (When the World Stopped Turning)"
},
{
"idx": 15,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "\"How Long Will My Baby Be Gone\" is a 1968 song written and recorded by Buck Owens. \"How Long Will My Baby Be Gone\" was the last of eight number ones on the country chart in a row for Buck Owens. The single spent a single week at number one and a total of thirteen weeks on the country chart. The song is still performed at the Country Bear Jamboree attraction at certain Disney parks.",
"title": "How Long Will My Baby Be Gone"
},
{
"idx": 16,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "\"Good Directions\" is a song written by Luke Bryan and Rachel Thibodeau and recorded by American country music artist Billy Currington. It was released in September 2006 as the third and final single from Currington’s 2005 album \"Doin' Somethin' Right\". The song became Currington’s second number one hit on the U.S. \"Billboard\" Hot Country Songs chart and spent three weeks at that position.",
"title": "Good Directions"
},
{
"idx": 17,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "``Humble and Kind ''is a song written by Lori McKenna and first released by American singer Tim McGraw on January 20, 2016, as the second single from his 14th studio album, Damn Country Music. McKenna later recorded her rendition of the song for her eighth studio album, The Bird and the Rifle, released in July 2016. Among several other wins and nominations, the song won the award for Best Country Song at the 59th Annual Grammy Awards,`` Video of the Year'' at the 2016 CMT Music Awards, ``Song of the Year ''at 2016 CMA Awards and`` Country Song of the Year'' at 2016 American Music Awards. It has been certified platinum and reached the number one position on the country music charts in both Canada and the United States.",
"title": "Humble and Kind"
},
{
"idx": 18,
"is_supporting": true,
"paragraph_text": "Pugs were brought from China to Europe in the sixteenth century and were popularized in Western Europe by the House of Orange of the Netherlands, and the House of Stuart. In the United Kingdom, in the nineteenth century, Queen Victoria developed a passion for pugs which she passed on to other members of the Royal family.",
"title": "Pug"
},
{
"idx": 19,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "\"One More Last Chance\" is a song recorded by American country music singer Vince Gill. Gill co-wrote the song with Gary Nicholson. It was released in July 1993 as the fourth single from his album, \"I Still Believe in You\". The song reached the top of the \"Billboard\" Hot Country Singles & Tracks (now Hot Country Songs) chart.",
"title": "One More Last Chance"
}
],
"question": "What was the position of the person who defeated the last song emperor in the country where pugs are from?",
"question_decomposition": [
{
"answer": "China",
"id": 107322,
"paragraph_support_idx": 18,
"question": "Which was the country for Pug?"
},
{
"answer": "Kublai Khan",
"id": 77757,
"paragraph_support_idx": 0,
"question": "who defeated the last song emperor of #1"
},
{
"answer": "Khagan",
"id": 753032,
"paragraph_support_idx": 6,
"question": "#2 >> position held"
}
]
} |
2hop__136671_91469 | When was the place No Risk, No Gain takes place in taken by the British? | 1842 | [
"1842"
] | {
"answer": "1842",
"answer_aliases": [],
"answerable": true,
"id": "2hop__136671_91469",
"paragraphs": [
{
"idx": 0,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "The Regulatory Reform (Fire Safety) Order 2005 (officially listed as The Regulatory Reform (Fire Safety) Order 2005 S.I. 2005 No. 1541) is a statutory instrument, applicable only in England and Wales. The Order places the responsibility on individuals within an organisation to carry out risk assessments to identify, manage and reduce the risk of fire. The Order was made into law on 7 June 2005 and came into force on 1 October 2006.",
"title": "Regulatory Reform (Fire Safety) Order 2005"
},
{
"idx": 1,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Series 1 of The Great British Bake Off, aired on BBC 2 saw ten home bakers take part in a bake - off to test every aspect of their baking skills as they battled to be crowned the Great British Bake Off's best amateur baker. Each week the nationwide tour saw keen bakers put through three challenges in a particular discipline. The rounds took place in various locations across the UK following a theme, for example, the episode on puddings would take place in Bakewell, bread baking would take place near Sandwich. This first series had a voiceover by Stephen Noonan; for the subsequent series this role was taken by the on - screen presenters Mel Giedroyc and Sue Perkins. The competition was won by Edd Kimber.",
"title": "The Great British Bake Off (series 1)"
},
{
"idx": 2,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "The first series of The Great British Bake Off, first aired on BBC Two on 17 August 2010. Ten home bakers took part in a bake - off to test every aspect of their baking skills as they battled to be crowned the Great British Bake Off's best amateur baker. Each week the nationwide tour saw bakers put through three challenges in a particular discipline, with some being eliminated from competition at the end of the episode. The rounds of the competition took place in various locations across the UK following a theme, for example, the episode on puddings would take place in Bakewell, bread baking would take place near Sandwich. This first series had a voiceover by Stephen Noonan; for the subsequent series this role was taken by the on - screen presenters Mel Giedroyc and Sue Perkins. The competition was won by Edd Kimber.",
"title": "The Great British Bake Off (series 1)"
},
{
"idx": 3,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Due to the expansion of trade and its geographical proximity, Kiev became the most important trade centre and chief among the communes; therefore the leader of Kiev gained political \"control\" over the surrounding areas. This princedom emerged from a coalition of traditional patriarchic family communes banded together in an effort to increase the applicable workforce and expand the productivity of the land. This union developed the first major cities in the Rus' and was the first notable form of self-government. As these communes became larger, the emphasis was taken off the family holdings and placed on the territory that surrounded. This shift in ideology became known as the verv'.",
"title": "Kievan Rus'"
},
{
"idx": 4,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Casino Raiders II is a 1991 Hong Kong action drama film directed by Johnnie To and starring Andy Lau, Dave Wong, Jacklyn Wu and Monica Chan. Despite the title, the film is the third installment in the \"Casino Raiders\" film series, following \"Casino Raiders\" (1989) and \"No Risk, No Gain\" (1990). The film franchise all have different storyline while sharing a common principal star of Andy Lau.",
"title": "Casino Raiders II"
},
{
"idx": 5,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Rodney Nuckey (26 June 1929 in Wood Green, London – 29 June 2000 in Manila, Philippines) was a British racing driver from England. He started in 500cc Formula 3. He entered two Formula One World Championship Grands Prix, debuting on 2 August 1953, although his place in the 1954 British Grand Prix was ultimately taken by Eric Brandon. Nuckey scored no championship points, but he finished third in the non-championship Syracuse Grand Prix in 1953, and took part in many other non-Championship Formula One races.",
"title": "Rodney Nuckey"
},
{
"idx": 6,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Casino Raiders is a 1989 Hong Kong action drama film written and directed by Jimmy Heung and Wong Jing and starring Andy Lau, Alan Tam, Idy Chan and Rosamund Kwan. It belonged to the early part of the 1989-1996 period, a period when gambling-themed films were dominating the Hong Kong movie scene. The film was followed by two sequels \"No Risk, No Gain\" (1990) and \"Casino Raiders II\" (1991) which have new storylines.",
"title": "Casino Raiders"
},
{
"idx": 7,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "However, the Americans realized that they could get a better deal directly from London. John Jay promptly told the British that he was willing to negotiate directly with them, cutting off France and Spain. The British Prime Minister Lord Shelburne agreed. He was in charge of the British negotiations (some of which took place in his study at Lansdowne House, now a bar in the Lansdowne Club) and he now saw a chance to split the United States away from France and make the new country a valuable economic partner. The western terms were that the United States would gain all of the area east of the Mississippi River, north of Florida, and south of Canada. The northern boundary would be almost the same as today. The United States would gain fishing rights off Canadian coasts, and agreed to allow British merchants and Loyalists to try to recover their property. It was a highly favorable treaty for the United States, and deliberately so from the British point of view. Prime Minister Shelburne foresaw highly profitable two - way trade between Britain and the rapidly growing United States, as indeed came to pass.",
"title": "Treaty of Paris (1783)"
},
{
"idx": 8,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "The Battle of Beaver Dams took place on 24 June 1813, during the War of 1812. An American column marched from Fort George and attempted to surprise a British outpost at Beaver Dams, billeting themselves overnight in the village of Queenston, Ontario. Laura Secord, a resident of Queenston, had earlier learned of the American plans, and had struck out on a long and difficult trek to warn the British at Decou's stone house near present - day Brock University. When the Americans resumed their march, they were ambushed by Native warriors and eventually surrendered to a small British detachment led by Lieutenant James FitzGibbon. About 500 Americans, including their wounded commander, were taken prisoner.",
"title": "Battle of Beaver Dams"
},
{
"idx": 9,
"is_supporting": true,
"paragraph_text": "No Risk, No Gain is 1990 Hong Kong comedy film directed by Jimmy Heung and Taylor Wong and starring Alan Tam, Andy Lau and Natalis Chan. This film is the second installment of \"Casino Raiders\".",
"title": "No Risk, No Gain"
},
{
"idx": 10,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "In 1992, Rovers gained promotion to the new Premier League a year after being taken over by local entrepreneur Jack Walker, who installed Kenny Dalglish as manager. In 1995, Rovers became Premier League champions. In the 1998 -- 99 season, the club was relegated. It was promoted back to the Premier League two years later, in the 2000 -- 01 season. It has qualified for the UEFA Cup four times: once as League Cup winners, twice as the Premier League's sixth - placed team and once via the Intertoto Cup.",
"title": "Blackburn Rovers F.C."
},
{
"idx": 11,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Bertie Felstead (28 October 1894 – 22 July 2001) was a British soldier, World War I veteran and centenarian who gained fame at the end of his life as (or was believed so at the time to be) the last surviving soldier to have taken part in the Christmas truce of 1914.",
"title": "Bertie Felstead"
},
{
"idx": 12,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "The Battle of Beaver Dams took place on 24 June 1813, during the War of 1812. An American column marched from Fort George and attempted to surprise a British outpost at Beaver Dams, billeting themselves overnight in the village of Queenston, Ontario. Laura Secord, a resident of Queenston, had earlier learned of the American plans, and had struck out on a long and difficult trek to warn the British at Decou's stone house near present-day Brock University. When the Americans resumed their march, they were ambushed by Native warriors and eventually surrendered to a small British detachment led by Lieutenant James FitzGibbon. About 500 Americans, including their wounded commander, were taken prisoner.",
"title": "Battle of Beaver Dams"
},
{
"idx": 13,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "The Missing is a series of fictional young - adult novels written by Margaret Peterson Haddix. It tells the story of famous children from history stolen by futuristic time travelers from their place in time and accidentally sent to the 21st century as babies. They are then adopted by families in the 21st century. Because Jonah is one of the stolen children, he, along with his non-adopted sister Katherine, must help return the missing kids to their rightful places in history and fix time before it is destroyed. The first book in the series, Found, was published on April 22, 2008. The series continued with book titles Sent, Sabotaged, Torn, Caught, Risked (originally intended to be titled Kept), and Revealed. The eighth and final book, Redeemed, was released on September 8, 2015. There are also two ebook short stories, Sought (which takes place before Risked) and Rescued (which takes place between Risked and Revealed). Haddix originally intended the series to consist of only seven books, however, she stated that she had trouble closing out the series in seven books; leading to her decision to write Redeemed.",
"title": "The Missing (novel series)"
},
{
"idx": 14,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "In 1815, the British government selected Saint Helena as the place of detention of Napoleon Bonaparte. He was taken to the island in October 1815. Napoleon stayed at the Briars pavilion on the grounds of the Balcombe family's home until his permanent residence, Longwood House, was completed in December 1815. Napoleon died there on 5 May 1821.",
"title": "Saint Helena"
},
{
"idx": 15,
"is_supporting": true,
"paragraph_text": "British Hong Kong was the period during which Hong Kong was under British Crown rule from 1842 to 1997 (excluding the Japanese occupation from 1941 to 1945). It was established as a Crown colony and later designated a British Dependent Territory in 1981. Hong Kong Island was ceded to the United Kingdom by the Qing dynasty of China after the First Opium War (1839 -- 1842). The Kowloon Peninsula was added to the colony after the Second Opium War (1856 -- 1860). Finally, in 1898, the New Territories were added under a 99 - year lease. Although Hong Kong Island and Kowloon were ceded to Britain in perpetuity, the New Territories -- which comprised over 90 per cent of Hong Kong's land -- had such a vital role in the economy that the British government agreed to transfer sovereignty of the entirety of Hong Kong to China upon the expiration of the lease in 1997. The transfer has been considered by many as marking the end of the British Empire.",
"title": "British Hong Kong"
},
{
"idx": 16,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "The Romance of a Movie Star is a 1920 British silent romance film directed by Richard Garrick and starring Violet Hopson, Stewart Rome and Gregory Scott. It is based on the novel \"The World's Best Girl\" by Coralie Stanton. A film star risks her reputation to help out a friend.",
"title": "The Romance of a Movie Star"
},
{
"idx": 17,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "The French and British fought each other and made treaties with Native American tribes to gain control of North America. Both nations coveted the Ohio Territory and in 1753 a British expedition there led by George Washington clashed with a French force. Shortly afterwards the French and Indian War broke out, initially taking place only in North America but in 1756 becoming part of the wider Seven Years' War in which Britain and France were part of opposing coalitions.",
"title": "France–United Kingdom relations"
},
{
"idx": 18,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "\"Soundtrack to a Generation\" is a song by the British synthpop group The Human League. It is taken from the album, \"Romantic?\", from 1990.",
"title": "Soundtrack to a Generation (song)"
},
{
"idx": 19,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "The first series of The Great British Bake Off, first aired on BBC Two on 17 August 2010. Ten home bakers took part in a bake - off to test every aspect of their baking skills as they battled to be crowned the Great British Bake Off's best amateur baker. Each week the nationwide tour saw keen bakers put through three challenges in a particular discipline. The rounds took place in various locations across the UK following a theme, for example, the episode on puddings would take place in Bakewell, bread baking would take place near Sandwich. This first series had a voiceover by Stephen Noonan; for the subsequent series this role was taken by the on - screen presenters Mel Giedroyc and Sue Perkins. The competition was won by Edd Kimber.",
"title": "The Great British Bake Off (series 1)"
}
],
"question": "When was the place No Risk, No Gain takes place in taken by the British?",
"question_decomposition": [
{
"answer": "Hong Kong",
"id": 136671,
"paragraph_support_idx": 9,
"question": "Which place is No Risk, No Gain in?"
},
{
"answer": "1842",
"id": 91469,
"paragraph_support_idx": 15,
"question": "when was #1 taken by the british"
}
]
} |
2hop__58256_68700 | Who plays the main subject of Bruce Barton's The Man Nobody Knows in The Passion of the Christ? | James Patrick Caviezel | [
"James Patrick Caviezel",
"Jim Caviezel"
] | {
"answer": "James Patrick Caviezel",
"answer_aliases": [
"Jim Caviezel"
],
"answerable": true,
"id": "2hop__58256_68700",
"paragraphs": [
{
"idx": 0,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "I Can See the Whole Room...and There's Nobody in It! (sometimes I Can See the Whole Room and There's Nobody in It! or simply I Can See the Whole Room!) is a 1961 painting by Roy Lichtenstein. It is a painting of a man looking through a peephole. It formerly held the record for highest auction price for a Lichtenstein painting.",
"title": "I Can See the Whole Room...and There's Nobody in It!"
},
{
"idx": 1,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "``You Remind Me of Something ''Standard artwork (U.S. CD single pictured) Single by R. Kelly from the album R. Kelly Released October 30, 1995 (1995 - 10 - 30) Format CD single cassette single 7'' vinyl Recorded 1995 Genre R&B Length 4: 10 Label Jive Songwriter (s) Robert Kelly Producer (s) R. Kelly Barry Hankerson (exec.) R. Kelly singles chronology`` Summer Bunnies ''(1994) ``You Remind Me of Something'' (1995)`` Down Low (Nobody Has to Know) ''(1995) ``Summer Bunnies'' (1994)`` You Remind Me of Something ''(1995) ``Down Low (Nobody Has to Know)'' (1995)",
"title": "You Remind Me of Something"
},
{
"idx": 2,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Bruce Willis as Malcolm Crowe Haley Joel Osment as Cole Sear Toni Collette as Lynn Sear Olivia Williams as Anna Crowe Donnie Wahlberg as Vincent Grey Glenn Fitzgerald as Sean Mischa Barton as Kyra Collins Trevor Morgan as Tommy Tammisimo Bruce Norris as Mr. Stanley Cunningham Angelica Page as Mrs. Collins Greg Wood as Mr. Collins M. Night Shyamalan as Dr. Hill Peter Tambakis as Darren Jeffrey Zubernis as Bobby",
"title": "The Sixth Sense"
},
{
"idx": 3,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Concerning humanity as the image of Christ, English Dominican spirituality concentrated on the moral implications of image-bearing rather than the philosophical foundations of the imago Dei. The process of Christ's life, and the process of image-bearing, amends humanity to God's image. The idea of the \"image of God\" demonstrates both the ability of man to move toward God (as partakers in Christ's redeeming sacrifice), and that, on some level, man is always an image of God. As their love and knowledge of God grows and is sanctified by faith and experience, the image of God within man becomes ever more bright and clear.",
"title": "Dominican Order"
},
{
"idx": 4,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Bruce Bonafede is an American author, award-winning playwright, and ghostwriter living in Southern California. He is the author of Nobody Knows My Name by Anonymous, a humor book published by Mill City Press in 2013. Nobody Knows My Name by Anonymous is a series of short comedy pieces that takes a humorous and satirical look at fame and the desire to be famous.",
"title": "Bruce Bonafede"
},
{
"idx": 5,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "``You Do n't Know What Love Is ''is a popular song of the Great American Songbook, written by Don Raye (lyrics) and Gene de Paul (music) for the Abbott and Costello picture Keep 'Em Flying (1941), in which it was sung by Carol Bruce. The number was deleted from the film prior to release. Universal later added the song into the Raye / de Paul score of one of its B musicals, the 60 - minute Behind the Eight Ball (1942), starring the Ritz Brothers and re-teaming Carol Bruce and Dick Foran from`` Keep' Em Flying''. ``You Do n't Know What Love Is ''was again sung by Carol Bruce; it was her third and final film until the 1980s.",
"title": "You Don't Know What Love Is"
},
{
"idx": 6,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "As the image of God grows within man, he learns to rely less on an intellectual pursuit of virtue and more on an affective pursuit of charity and meekness. Meekness and charity guide Christians to acknowledge that they are nothing without the One (God/Christ) who created them, sustains them, and guides them. Thus, man then directs his path to that One, and the love for, and of, Christ guides man's very nature to become centered on the One, and on his neighbor as well. Charity is the manifestation of the pure love of Christ, both for and by His follower.",
"title": "Dominican Order"
},
{
"idx": 7,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Scenes from the Passion of Christ is an oil painting on a panel of Baltic oak, painted c.1470 by German-born Early Netherlandish painter Hans Memling. The painting shows 23 vignettes of the \"Life of Christ\" combined in one narrative composition without a central dominating scene: 19 episodes from the Passion of Christ, the Resurrection, and 3 later appearances of the risen Christ (to Mary Magdalene, on the road to Emmaus, and at the Sea of Galilee). The painting was commissioned by Tommaso Portinari, an Italian banker based in Bruges, who is depicted in a donor portrait kneeling and praying in the lower left corner, with his wife, Maria Baroncelli, in a similar attitude in the lower right corner.",
"title": "Scenes from the Passion of Christ"
},
{
"idx": 8,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "\"Nobody Knows the Trubel I've Seen\" is the 19th episode of season 3 of the supernatural drama television series \"Grimm\" and the 62nd episode overall, which premiered on April 25, 2014, on the cable network NBC. The episode was written by series creators David Greenwalt and Jim Kouf, and was directed by Norberto Barba.",
"title": "Nobody Knows the Trubel I've Seen"
},
{
"idx": 9,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Directed by filmmaker Clay Walker, \"The Cole Nobody Knows\" has been featured in over 40 international film festivals and awarded the Cine Golden Eagle Award. The film received its PBS premiere on WPSU Pennsylvania in December 2009.",
"title": "The Cole Nobody Knows"
},
{
"idx": 10,
"is_supporting": true,
"paragraph_text": "The Man Nobody Knows (1925) is the second book by the American author and advertising executive Bruce Fairchild Barton. In it, Barton presents Jesus as ``(t) he Founder of Modern Business, ''in an effort to make the Christian story accessible to businessmen of the time.",
"title": "The Man Nobody Knows"
},
{
"idx": 11,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "In the Eastern European country of Sokovia, the Avengers -- Tony Stark, Steve Rogers, Thor, Bruce Banner, Natasha Romanoff, and Clint Barton -- raid a Hydra facility commanded by Baron Wolfgang von Strucker, who has been experimenting on humans using the scepter previously wielded by Loki. They encounter two of Strucker's test subjects -- twins Pietro Maximoff, who has superhuman speed, and Wanda Maximoff, who has telepathic and telekinetic abilities -- and apprehend Strucker, while Stark retrieves Loki's scepter.",
"title": "Avengers: Age of Ultron"
},
{
"idx": 12,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "The Passion of the Christ Theatrical release poster Directed by Mel Gibson Produced by Bruce Davey Mel Gibson Stephen McEveety Screenplay by Mel Gibson Benedict Fitzgerald Translation: William Fulco Based on The Passion in the New Testament of the Bible and The Dolorous Passion of Our Lord Jesus Christ by Anne Catherine Emmerich Starring Jim Caviezel Maia Morgenstern Monica Bellucci Claudia Gerini Sergio Rubini Music by John Debney Cinematography Caleb Deschanel Edited by John Wright Steve Mirkovich Production company Icon Productions Distributed by Newmarket Films Release date February 25, 2004 (2004 - 02 - 25) Running time 126 minutes Country United States Language Aramaic Latin Hebrew Budget $30 million Box office $611.9 million",
"title": "The Passion of the Christ"
},
{
"idx": 13,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "My Son Is Guilty is a 1939 American action adventure crime film, starring Bruce Cabot and Glenn Ford, directed by Charles Barton and released by Columbia Pictures.",
"title": "My Son Is Guilty"
},
{
"idx": 14,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "The Grey Passion is a series of paintings by Hans Holbein the Elder (1465-1524). Executed between 1494 and 1500, it comprises twelve panels illustrating the Passion of Christ; Holbein's monochrome palette is almost entirely grey. The paintings were purchased by the Staatsgalerie Stuttgart, the Stuttgart State Art Gallery in Germany. The State Art Gallery acquired the altarpiece in 2003 for 12 million euros. The restoration of the artworks lasted three years and cost 450 thousand euros.",
"title": "Grey Passion"
},
{
"idx": 15,
"is_supporting": true,
"paragraph_text": "James Patrick Caviezel (born September 26, 1968) is an American actor. He portrayed Jesus Christ in the 2004 film The Passion of the Christ. His other notable roles include Private Witt in The Thin Red Line (1998), Detective John Sullivan in Frequency (2000), Jim McCormick in Madison, Catch in Angel Eyes (2001), Johannes in I Am David, Edmond Dantès in The Count of Monte Cristo (2002), golfer Bobby Jones in Bobby Jones: Stroke of Genius (2004), and Carroll Oerstadt in Déjà Vu (2006). From 2011 until 2016, he starred as John Reese on the CBS science - fiction crime drama series Person of Interest.",
"title": "Jim Caviezel"
},
{
"idx": 16,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "The Risen Christ, \"Cristo della Minerva\" in Italian, also known as \"Christ the Redeemer\" or \"Christ Carrying the Cross\", is a marble sculpture by the Italy High Renaissance master Michelangelo, finished in 1521. It is in the church of Santa Maria sopra Minerva in Rome, to the left of the main altar.",
"title": "Risen Christ (Michelangelo, Santa Maria sopra Minerva)"
},
{
"idx": 17,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Paul, Apostle of Christ is a 2018 American biblical drama film written and directed by Andrew Hyatt. It stars James Faulkner as Saint Paul and Jim Caviezel (who portrayed Jesus in the 2004 film The Passion of the Christ) as Saint Luke.",
"title": "Paul, Apostle of Christ"
},
{
"idx": 18,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "The Crime Nobody Saw is a 1937 American comedy film directed by Charles Barton and written by Bertram Millhauser. The film stars Lew Ayres, Ruth Coleman, Eugene Pallette, Benny Baker, Vivienne Osborne, Colin Tapley and Howard Hickman. The film was released on March 12, 1937, by Paramount Pictures.",
"title": "The Crime Nobody Saw"
},
{
"idx": 19,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "No One Knows About Persian Cats () is a 2009 Iranian film directed by Bahman Ghobadi produced by Wild Bunch. Originally titled Kasi az Gorbehaye Irani Khabar Nadareh, in the film's native language, Persian, this film first took on the name of \"Nobody Knows About the Persian Cats\" before finally being titled \"No One Knows About Persian Cats\". The film offers perspective of Iran as it explores its underground rock scene. It won the Special Jury Prize Ex-aequo in the Un Certain Regard section at the 2009 Cannes Film Festival.",
"title": "No One Knows About Persian Cats"
}
],
"question": "Who plays the main subject of Bruce Barton's The Man Nobody Knows in The Passion of the Christ?",
"question_decomposition": [
{
"answer": "Jesus",
"id": 58256,
"paragraph_support_idx": 10,
"question": "who was the main subject in bruce barton's the man nobody knows"
},
{
"answer": "James Patrick Caviezel",
"id": 68700,
"paragraph_support_idx": 15,
"question": "who plays #1 in the passion of the christ"
}
]
} |
2hop__172579_81382 | Before it became a commonwealth, what was the role of Ramón Power y Giralt's place of citizenship? | a key part of the Spanish Empire | [
"a key part of the Spanish Empire"
] | {
"answer": "a key part of the Spanish Empire",
"answer_aliases": [],
"answerable": true,
"id": "2hop__172579_81382",
"paragraphs": [
{
"idx": 0,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "This is a list of countries and territories with a flag that incorporates the Union Jack. Six Commonwealth nations have the Union Jack on their national flag. The first Commonwealth country to drop the Union Jack was Canada in 1965, after adopting a new national flag. The most recent country to drop the Union Jack from its flag was South Africa in 1994, after adopting a new national flag. The only overseas territory without the Union Jack on its current flag is Gibraltar.",
"title": "List of countries and territories with the Union Jack displayed on their flag"
},
{
"idx": 1,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "The Rohingya people have consistently faced human rights abuses by the Burmese regime that has refused to acknowledge them as Burmese citizens (despite some of them having lived in Burma for over three generations)—the Rohingya have been denied Burmese citizenship since the enactment of a 1982 citizenship law. The law created three categories of citizenship: citizenship, associate citizenship, and naturalised citizenship. Citizenship is given to those who belong to one of the national races such as Kachin, Kayah (Karenni), Karen, Chin, Burman, Mon, Rakhine, Shan, Kaman, or Zerbadee. Associate citizenship is given to those who cannot prove their ancestors settled in Myanmar before 1823, but can prove they have one grandparent, or pre-1823 ancestor, who was a citizen of another country, as well as people who applied for citizenship in 1948 and qualified then by those laws. Naturalized citizenship is only given to those who have at least one parent with one of these types of Burmese citizenship or can provide \"conclusive evidence\" that their parents entered and resided in Burma prior to independence in 1948. The Burmese regime has attempted to forcibly expel Rohingya and bring in non-Rohingyas to replace them—this policy has resulted in the expulsion of approximately half of the 800,000 Rohingya from Burma, while the Rohingya people have been described as \"among the world's least wanted\" and \"one of the world's most persecuted minorities.\" But the origin of ‘most persecuted minority’ statement is unclear.",
"title": "Myanmar"
},
{
"idx": 2,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Some devices, such as high-speed external disk drives, require more than 500 mA of current and therefore may have power issues if powered from just one USB 2.0 port: erratic function, failure to function, or overloading/damaging the port. Such devices may come with an external power source or a Y-shaped cable that has two USB connectors (one for power and data, the other for power only) to plug into a computer. With such a cable, a device can draw power from two USB ports simultaneously. However, USB compliance specification states that \"use of a 'Y' cable (a cable with two A-plugs) is prohibited on any USB peripheral\", meaning that \"if a USB peripheral requires more power than allowed by the USB specification to which it is designed, then it must be self-powered.\"",
"title": "USB"
},
{
"idx": 3,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Pursuant to this power, Congress in 1790 passed the first naturalization law for the United States, the Naturalization Act of 1790. The law enabled those who had resided in the country for two years and had kept their current state of residence for a year to apply for citizenship. However it restricted naturalization to ``free white persons ''of`` good moral character''.",
"title": "History of laws concerning immigration and naturalization in the United States"
},
{
"idx": 4,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "The reference to naturalization in the Citizenship Clause is to the process by which immigrants are granted United States citizenship. Congress has power in relation to naturalization under the Naturalization Clause in Article I, Section 8, Clause 4 of the Constitution.",
"title": "Citizenship Clause"
},
{
"idx": 5,
"is_supporting": true,
"paragraph_text": "Captain Ramón Power y Giralt (October 7, 1775 – June 10, 1813), commonly known as Ramón Power, was, according to Puerto Rican historian Lidio Cruz Monclova, among the first native-born Puerto Ricans to refer to himself as a \"Puerto Rican\" and to fight for the equal representation of Puerto Rico in front of the parliamentary government of Spain.",
"title": "Ramón Power y Giralt"
},
{
"idx": 6,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "In non-Commonwealth countries the prime minister may be entitled to the style of Excellency like a president. In some Commonwealth countries prime ministers and former prime ministers are styled Right Honourable due to their position, for example in the Prime Minister of Canada. In the United Kingdom the prime minister and former prime ministers may appear to also be styled Right Honourable, however this is not due to their position as head of government but as a privilege of being current members of Her Majesty's Most Honourable Privy Council.",
"title": "Prime minister"
},
{
"idx": 7,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Errol Osbourne Nolan II (born August 18, 1991) is an American born sprinter of Jamaican descent who holds dual citizenship with both countries. He now competes for Jamaica as of 2012. He specialises in the 200 and 400 metres.",
"title": "Errol Nolan"
},
{
"idx": 8,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "He translated into German the work of various important Spanish-language writers: Rafael Alberti, Ramón del Valle Inclán, Antonio Machado, Octavio Paz, Pablo Neruda, Juan Ramón Jiménez, Miguel Ángel Asturias, etc.",
"title": "Fritz Vogelgsang"
},
{
"idx": 9,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Frank Domínguez (born Francisco Manuel Ramón Dionisio Domínguez y Radeón on 9 October 1927 in Matanzas, Cuba – died 29 October 2014 in Mexico) was a Cuban composer and pianist of the \"filin\" movement. Born in Matanzas, he began to play piano at 8.",
"title": "Frank Domínguez"
},
{
"idx": 10,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Albano Carrisi (Italian: [alˈbaːno karˈriːzi]; born 20 May 1943), better known as Al Bano, is an Italian recording artist, actor, and winemaker. In 2016, he was awarded Albanian citizenship due to his close ties with the country.",
"title": "Albano Carrisi"
},
{
"idx": 11,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Ramón Borrero y Cortázar (1824–1895), brother of former President of Ecuador, Antonio Borrero, was himself President of Ecuador briefly from October 11, 1883 until February 17, 1884. The provisional government's mandate having expired without it having named an interim President, Borrero assumed the role as a result of his holding the position of President of the Senate.",
"title": "Ramón Borrero y Cortázar"
},
{
"idx": 12,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Between 1948 and 1972, Ceylon was an independent country in the Commonwealth of Nations that shared a monarch with Australia, Canada, New Zealand and the United Kingdom, and certain other sovereign states. In 1948, the British Colony of Ceylon was granted independence as Ceylon. In 1972, the country became a republic within the Commonwealth, and its name was changed to Sri Lanka. It was an island country in South Asia, located about 31 kilometres (19.3 mi) off the southern coast of India.",
"title": "Dominion of Ceylon"
},
{
"idx": 13,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "The study also found that there were two previously unknown but related clades (genetic branches) of the Y. pestis genome associated with medieval mass graves. These clades (which are thought to be extinct) were found to be ancestral to modern isolates of the modern Y. pestis strains Y. p. orientalis and Y. p. medievalis, suggesting the plague may have entered Europe in two waves. Surveys of plague pit remains in France and England indicate the first variant entered Europe through the port of Marseille around November 1347 and spread through France over the next two years, eventually reaching England in the spring of 1349, where it spread through the country in three epidemics. Surveys of plague pit remains from the Dutch town of Bergen op Zoom showed the Y. pestis genotype responsible for the pandemic that spread through the Low Countries from 1350 differed from that found in Britain and France, implying Bergen op Zoom (and possibly other parts of the southern Netherlands) was not directly infected from England or France in 1349 and suggesting a second wave of plague, different from those in Britain and France, may have been carried to the Low Countries from Norway, the Hanseatic cities or another site.",
"title": "Black Death"
},
{
"idx": 14,
"is_supporting": true,
"paragraph_text": "Located in the northeastern Caribbean, Puerto Rico formed a key part of the Spanish Empire from the early years of the exploration, conquest and colonization of the New World. The island was a major military post during many wars between Spain and other European powers for control of the region in the 16th, 17th and 18th centuries. The smallest of the Greater Antilles, Puerto Rico was a stepping - stone in the passage from Europe to Cuba, Mexico, Central America, and the northern territories of South America. Throughout most of the 19th century until the conclusion of the Spanish -- American War, Puerto Rico and Cuba were the last two Spanish colonies in the New World; they served as Spain's final outposts in a strategy to regain control of the American continents. Realizing that it was in danger of losing its two remaining Caribbean territories, the Spanish Crown revived the Royal Decree of Graces of 1815. The decree was printed in Spanish, English and French in order to attract Europeans, with the hope that the independence movements would lose their popularity and strength with the arrival of new settlers. Free land was offered to those who wanted to populate the islands on the condition that they swear their loyalty to the Spanish Crown and allegiance to the Roman Catholic Church.",
"title": "History of Puerto Rico"
},
{
"idx": 15,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "The Lord Protector of the Commonwealth of England, Scotland and Ireland was the title of the head of state during the Commonwealth (or, to monarchists, the Interregnum), following the first period when a Council of State held executive power. The title was held by Oliver Cromwell (December 1653 -- September 1658) and subsequently his son and designated successor Richard Cromwell (September 1658 -- May 1659) during what is now known as The Protectorate.",
"title": "Lord Protector"
},
{
"idx": 16,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Canada's Constitution Act, 1982 was signed into law by Elizabeth II as Queen of Canada on April 17, 1982 on Parliament Hill in Ottawa. Queen Elizabeth's constitutional powers over Canada were not affected by the Act, and she remains Queen and Head of State of Canada. Canada has complete sovereignty as an independent country, however, and the Queen's role as monarch of Canada is separate from her role as the British monarch or the monarch of any of the other Commonwealth realms.",
"title": "Canada Act 1982"
},
{
"idx": 17,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Telman Mardanovich Ismailov (, ; born 26 October 1956) is an Azerbaijani-born businessman and entrepreneur of Mountain Jew origin. Since Azerbaijan does not allow dual citizenship, he holds Russian-Turkish citizenship. He is the chairman of the Russian AST Group of companies, which is active in many countries. Until 2009, Ismailov owned the Europe's then-largest marketplace, Cherkizovsky Market, located in Moscow, Russia.",
"title": "Telman Ismailov"
},
{
"idx": 18,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "During George's reign the break-up of the British Empire and its transition into the Commonwealth of Nations accelerated. The parliament of the Irish Free State removed direct mention of the monarch from the country's constitution on the day of his accession. From 1939, the Empire and Commonwealth, except Ireland, was at war with Nazi Germany. War with Italy and Japan followed in 1940 and 1941, respectively. Though Britain and its allies were ultimately victorious in 1945, the United States and the Soviet Union rose as pre-eminent world powers and the British Empire declined. After the independence of India and Pakistan in 1947, George remained as king of both countries, but the title Emperor of India was abandoned in June 1948. Ireland formally declared itself a republic and left the Commonwealth in 1949, and India became a republic within the Commonwealth the following year. George adopted the new title of Head of the Commonwealth. He was beset by health problems in the later years of his reign. His elder daughter, Elizabeth, succeeded him.",
"title": "George VI"
},
{
"idx": 19,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Juan Manuel Sucre Figarella (1925-1996), was a Venezuelan Army Brigadier General who served as Chief of Staff of the Venezuelan army in the 1970s during the administration of President Rafael Caldera. He is a member of the Sucre family and a direct descendant of Vicente Vitto Luis Ramón de Sucre Pardo y García de Urbaneja, the father of the War of Independence hero Antonio José de Sucre.",
"title": "Juan Manuel Sucre Figarella"
}
],
"question": "Before it became a commonwealth, what was the role of Ramón Power y Giralt's place of citizenship?",
"question_decomposition": [
{
"answer": "Puerto Rico",
"id": 172579,
"paragraph_support_idx": 5,
"question": "Ramón Power y Giralt >> country of citizenship"
},
{
"answer": "a key part of the Spanish Empire",
"id": 81382,
"paragraph_support_idx": 14,
"question": "what was #1 before it was a commonwealth"
}
]
} |
3hop1__129790_66618_440465 | What position was held by the republican candidate running for governor in the state Birchwood Mall is located? | Michigan Attorney General | [
"Michigan Attorney General"
] | {
"answer": "Michigan Attorney General",
"answer_aliases": [],
"answerable": true,
"id": "3hop1__129790_66618_440465",
"paragraphs": [
{
"idx": 0,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "As Connecticut does not have gubernatorial term limits, incumbent Democratic Governor Dannel Malloy is eligible to run for a third term, but has declined to do so. After the resignation of Kansas Governor Sam Brownback in January of 2018, Malloy became the most unpopular governor in the United States.. The general election will be between 2006 Democratic Senate nominee and businessman Ned Lamont, and Republican businessman Bob Stefanowski.",
"title": "2018 Connecticut gubernatorial election"
},
{
"idx": 1,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Timothy S. Bee is a Republican politician and business owner who served in the Arizona State Senate from 2001 through 2008. He was first elected to the Arizona Senate in 2001 and left in 2009 due to term limits. In 2008, he was the Republican candidate for Arizona's 8th congressional district seat in the United States House of Representatives. He lost to incumbent Democrat Gabrielle Giffords. Arizona Governor Jan Brewer later appointed him to head her Tucson office.",
"title": "Tim Bee"
},
{
"idx": 2,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "On election day, as the districts were drawn to favor Douglas' party, the Democrats won 40 seats in the state house of Representatives, and the Republicans won 35. In the state senate, Republicans held 11 seats, and Democrats held 14. Stephen A. Douglas was reelected by the legislature, 54 - 46, even though Lincoln's Republicans won the popular vote with a percentage of 50.6%, or by 3,402 votes. However, the widespread media coverage of the debates greatly raised Lincoln's national profile, making him a viable candidate for nomination as the Republican candidate in the upcoming 1860 presidential election. He would go on to secure both the nomination and the presidency, beating Douglas (as the Northern Democratic candidate), among others, in the process.",
"title": "Lincoln–Douglas debates"
},
{
"idx": 3,
"is_supporting": true,
"paragraph_text": "Gerald (Rusty) J. Hills, II is an American politician and educator in the state of Michigan and is currently the communications director for Michigan Attorney General Bill Schuette.",
"title": "Gerald Hills"
},
{
"idx": 4,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Birchwood is an unincorporated community in Hamilton County and Meigs counties in Tennessee, United States. It is a rural area located along Tennessee State Route 60 northwest of Chattanooga. It is part of the Chattanooga, TN–GA Metropolitan Statistical Area.",
"title": "Birchwood, Tennessee"
},
{
"idx": 5,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "The candidate filing deadline for this gubernatorial race was on June 22, 2018, with primary elections being held on August 28, 2018. Florida uses a closed primary process, in which the selection of each party's candidates for a general election is limited to registered members of that party. Andrew Gillum won the Democratic primary, and Ron DeSantis won the Republican primary.",
"title": "2018 Florida gubernatorial election"
},
{
"idx": 6,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "The United States presidential election of 1992 was the 52nd quadrennial presidential election. It was held on Tuesday, November 3, 1992. Democratic Governor Bill Clinton of Arkansas defeated incumbent Republican President George H.W. Bush, independent businessman Ross Perot of Texas, and a number of minor candidates.",
"title": "1992 United States presidential election"
},
{
"idx": 7,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Kenneth Cromwell Hand (May 6, 1899 – April 9, 1988) was an American Republican Party politician and judge who served in the New Jersey State Senate. He was a candidate for the 1953 Republican nomination for Governor of New Jersey.",
"title": "Kenneth Hand"
},
{
"idx": 8,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "The United States presidential election of 2000 was the 54th quadrennial presidential election. It was held on Tuesday, November 7, 2000. Republican candidate George W. Bush, the Governor of Texas and the eldest son of the 41st President George H.W. Bush, won the election by defeating Democratic nominee Al Gore, the incumbent vice president. It was the fourth of five presidential elections in which the winning candidate lost the popular vote.",
"title": "2000 United States presidential election"
},
{
"idx": 9,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "The practice of a presidential candidate having a running mate was solidified during the American Civil War. In 1864, in the interest of fostering national unity, Abraham Lincoln from the Republican Party (popular in the North) and Andrew Johnson of the Democratic Party (popular in the South), were co-endorsed and run together for President and Vice-President as candidates of the National Union Party. Notwithstanding this party disbanded after the war ended, with the result that Republican Lincoln was succeeded by Democrat Johnson; the states began to place candidates for President and Vice-President together on the same ballot ticket - thus making it impossible to vote for a presidential candidate from one party and a vice-presidential candidate from another party, as had previously been possible.",
"title": "Running mate"
},
{
"idx": 10,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "In presidential elections, Montana was long classified as a swing state, though the state has voted for the Republican candidate in all but two elections from 1952 to the present. The state last supported a Democrat for president in 1992, when Bill Clinton won a plurality victory. Overall, since 1889 the state has voted for Democratic governors 60 percent of the time and Democratic presidents 40 percent of the time, with these numbers being 40/60 for Republican candidates. In the 2008 presidential election, Montana was considered a swing state and was ultimately won by Republican John McCain, albeit by a narrow margin of two percent.",
"title": "Montana"
},
{
"idx": 11,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "The Virginia House of Delegates election of 2017 was held on Tuesday, November 7. All 100 seats in the Virginia House of Delegates were contested. The Republican Party held a 66 -- 34 majority in the House of Delegates before the election but lost 15 seats to the Democratic Party, resulting in the Republicans holding a 50 -- 49 advantage. After a recount, the result of the election in the 94th district was called a tie. The candidate to hold the seat was determined by random drawing on January 4, 2018, which resulted in the Republicans holding a 51 -- 49 majority.",
"title": "2017 Virginia House of Delegates election"
},
{
"idx": 12,
"is_supporting": true,
"paragraph_text": "Michigan gubernatorial election, 2018 ← 2014 November 6, 2018 2022 → Nominee Bill Schuette Gretchen Whitmer Bill Gelineau Party Republican Democratic Libertarian Running mate Lisa Posthumus Lyons Garlin Gilchrist II Angelique Thomas Incumbent Governor Rick Snyder Republican",
"title": "2018 Michigan gubernatorial election"
},
{
"idx": 13,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Schwarzenegger announced his candidacy in the 2003 California recall election for Governor of California on the August 6, 2003 episode of The Tonight Show with Jay Leno. Schwarzenegger had the most name recognition in a crowded field of candidates, but he had never held public office and his political views were unknown to most Californians. His candidacy immediately became national and international news, with media outlets dubbing him the \"Governator\" (referring to The Terminator movies, see above) and \"The Running Man\" (the name of another one of his films), and calling the recall election \"Total Recall\" (yet another movie starring Schwarzenegger). Schwarzenegger declined to participate in several debates with other recall replacement candidates, and appeared in only one debate on September 24, 2003.",
"title": "Arnold Schwarzenegger"
},
{
"idx": 14,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "The 2018 Georgia gubernatorial election will take place on November 6, 2018, to elect the next Governor of the U.S. state of Georgia. Incumbent Republican Governor Nathan Deal is term - limited and thus can not seek reelection to a third consecutive term. The primary elections were held on May 22, 2018 and a primary runoff will be held on July 24, 2018 between Republican candidates Casey Cagle and Brian Kemp. The Democrats have nominated Stacey Abrams.",
"title": "2018 Georgia gubernatorial election"
},
{
"idx": 15,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "The United States presidential election of 1924 was the 35th quadrennial presidential election, held on Tuesday, November 4, 1924. Incumbent President Calvin Coolidge, the Republican candidate, was elected to a full term.",
"title": "1924 United States presidential election"
},
{
"idx": 16,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "William Howard Taft (September 15, 1857 -- March 8, 1930) was the 27th President of the United States (1909 -- 1913) and the tenth Chief Justice of the United States (1921 -- 1930), the only person to have held both offices. Taft was elected president in 1908, the chosen successor of Theodore Roosevelt, but was defeated for re-election by Woodrow Wilson in 1912 after Roosevelt split the Republican vote by running as a third - party candidate. In 1921, President Warren G. Harding appointed Taft to be chief justice, a position in which he served until a month before his death.",
"title": "William Howard Taft"
},
{
"idx": 17,
"is_supporting": true,
"paragraph_text": "Birchwood Mall is an enclosed shopping mall located in Fort Gratiot Township, outside the city of Port Huron, Michigan, United States. It is owned and managed by Brookfield Properties Retail Group, the second-largest mall owner in the United States. The Mall features more than 100 stores, a ten-screen movie theater run by AMC Theatres, and a food court. JCPenney and Target are the mall's anchor stores, with three vacant anchors last occupied by Carson's, Macy's, and Sears. The mall is located on 24th Avenue (M-25), north of Interstate 69 (I-69) and I-94.",
"title": "Birchwood Mall"
},
{
"idx": 18,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Florida gubernatorial election, 2018 ← 2014 November 6, 2018 2022 → Nominee Ron DeSantis Andrew Gillum Party Republican Democratic Running mate Jeanette Núñez Chris King Incumbent Governor Rick Scott Republican",
"title": "2018 Florida gubernatorial election"
},
{
"idx": 19,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "With incumbent President George Washington having refused a third term in office, incumbent Vice President John Adams from Massachusetts became a candidate for the presidency on the Federalist Party ticket with former Governor Thomas Pinckney of South Carolina as the next most popular Federalist. Their opponents were former Secretary of State Thomas Jefferson from Virginia along with Senator Aaron Burr of New York of the Democratic - Republicans. At this point, each man from any party ran alone, as the formal position of ``running mate ''had not yet been established.",
"title": "1796 United States presidential election"
}
],
"question": "What position was held by the republican candidate running for governor in the state Birchwood Mall is located?",
"question_decomposition": [
{
"answer": "Michigan",
"id": 129790,
"paragraph_support_idx": 17,
"question": "What is the name of the state where Birchwood Mall is located?"
},
{
"answer": "Bill Schuette",
"id": 66618,
"paragraph_support_idx": 12,
"question": "who are the republican candidates running for governor in #1"
},
{
"answer": "Michigan Attorney General",
"id": 440465,
"paragraph_support_idx": 3,
"question": "#2 >> position held"
}
]
} |
2hop__20862_42892 | Who does the artist who popularized dance music as mainstream play in A League of Their Own? | taxi dancer ``All the Way ''Mae Mordabito | [
"taxi dancer ``All the Way ''Mae Mordabito"
] | {
"answer": "taxi dancer ``All the Way ''Mae Mordabito",
"answer_aliases": [],
"answerable": true,
"id": "2hop__20862_42892",
"paragraphs": [
{
"idx": 0,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Bob Kames (April 21, 1925 – April 9, 2008) was an American musician who specialized in genres such as polka. Kames is credited with developing and popularizing the modern-day version of the song \"Dance Little Bird,\" which is much better known by its more common name, The Chicken Dance. Kames is a member of the Wisconsin Area Music Industry's Hall of Fame.",
"title": "Bob Kames"
},
{
"idx": 1,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Many adaptations of the instrument have been done to cater to the special needs of Indian Carnatic music. In Indian classical music and Indian light music, the mandolin, which bears little resemblance to the European mandolin, is usually tuned E-B-E-B. As there is no concept of absolute pitch in Indian classical music, any convenient tuning maintaining these relative pitch intervals between the strings can be used. Another prevalent tuning with these intervals is C-G-C-G, which corresponds to Sa-Pa-Sa-Pa in the Indian carnatic classical music style. This tuning corresponds to the way violins are tuned for carnatic classical music. This type of mandolin is also used in Bhangra, dance music popular in Punjabi culture.",
"title": "Mandolin"
},
{
"idx": 2,
"is_supporting": true,
"paragraph_text": "Dottie and Kit head out to Harvey Field in Chicago for the tryout. There they meet a pair of New Yorkers, taxi dancer ``All the Way ''Mae Mordabito (Madonna) and her best friend, bouncer Doris Murphy (Rosie O'Donnell), along with soft - spoken right fielder Evelyn Gardner (Bitty Schram), illiterate, shy left fielder Shirley Baker (Ann Cusack), pitcher / shortstop and former Miss Georgia beauty queen Ellen Sue Gotlander (Freddie Simpson), gentle left field / relief pitcher Betty`` Spaghetti'' Horn (Tracy Reiner), homely second baseman Marla Hooch (Megan Cavanagh), who was scouted by Ernie, Dottie and Kit in Fort Collins, Colorado, first baseman Helen Haley (Anne Ramsay), and Saskatchewan native Alice ``Skeeter ''Gaspers (Renée Coleman). They and eight others are selected to form the Rockford Peaches, while 48 others are split among the Racine Belles, Kenosha Comets, and South Bend Blue Sox.",
"title": "A League of Their Own"
},
{
"idx": 3,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "This was also a period of alternatives to nightclubs, the warehouse party, acid house, rave and outdoor festival scenes of the late 1980s and early 1990s were havens for the latest trends in electronic dance music, especially house and its ever-more hypnotic, synthetic offspring techno and trance, in clubs like the infamous Warsaw Ballroom better known as Warsaw and The Mix where DJs like david padilla (who was the resident DJ for both) and radio. The new sound fed back into mainstream clubs across the country. The scene in SoBe, along with a bustling secondhand market for electronic instruments and turntables, had a strong democratizing effect, offering amateur, \"bedroom\" DJs the opportunity to become proficient and popular as both music players and producers, regardless of the whims of the professional music and club industries. Some of these notable DJs are John Benetiz (better known as JellyBean Benetiz), Danny Tenaglia, and David Padilla.",
"title": "Miami"
},
{
"idx": 4,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Indian music ranges over various traditions and regional styles. Classical music encompasses two genres and their various folk offshoots: the northern Hindustani and southern Carnatic schools. Regionalised popular forms include filmi and folk music; the syncretic tradition of the bauls is a well-known form of the latter. Indian dance also features diverse folk and classical forms. Among the better-known folk dances are the bhangra of Punjab, the bihu of Assam, the Jhumair and chhau of Jharkhand, Odisha and West Bengal, garba and dandiya of Gujarat, ghoomar of Rajasthan, and the lavani of Maharashtra. Eight dance forms, many with narrative forms and mythological elements, have been accorded classical dance status by India's National Academy of Music, Dance, and Drama. These are: bharatanatyam of the state of Tamil Nadu, kathak of Uttar Pradesh, kathakali and mohiniyattam of Kerala, kuchipudi of Andhra Pradesh, manipuri of Manipur, odissi of Odisha, and the sattriya of Assam. Theatre in India melds music, dance, and improvised or written dialogue. Often based on Hindu mythology, but also borrowing from medieval romances or social and political events, Indian theatre includes the bhavai of Gujarat, the jatra of West Bengal, the nautanki and ramlila of North India, tamasha of Maharashtra, burrakatha of Andhra Pradesh, terukkuttu of Tamil Nadu, and the yakshagana of Karnataka. India has a theatre training institute NSD that is situated at New Delhi It is an autonomous organisation under the Ministry of Culture, Government of India.",
"title": "India"
},
{
"idx": 5,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Bal-musette is a style of French music and dance that first became popular in Paris in the 1870s and 1880s; by 1880 Paris had some 150 dance halls in the working-class neighbourhoods of the city. Patrons danced the bourrée to the accompaniment of the cabrette (a bellows-blown bagpipe locally called a \"musette\") and often the vielle à roue (hurdy-gurdy) in the cafés and bars of the city. Parisian and Italian musicians who played the accordion adopted the style and established themselves in Auvergnat bars especially in the 19th arrondissement, and the romantic sounds of the accordion has since become one of the musical icons of the city. Paris became a major centre for jazz and still attracts jazz musicians from all around the world to its clubs and cafés.",
"title": "Paris"
},
{
"idx": 6,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "The Buckwheat Boyz was an American musical group founded by Marcus Bowens and Jermaine Fuller, with the later addition of J.J. O'Neal and Dougy Williams. The Buckwheat Boyz were signed by Koch Records, and recorded their first and only full - length record. From this self - titled album, the song ``Peanut Butter Jelly Time ''became popular on the Internet after a flash music video featuring an animated dancing banana was created. The popularity of the song increased as it was featured on television shows such as The Proud Family, Family Guy, and Regular Show.",
"title": "Buckwheat Boyz"
},
{
"idx": 7,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "House music is a genre of electronic dance music that originated in Chicago in the early 1980s. It was initially popularized in Chicago, circa 1984. House music quickly spread to other American cities such as Detroit, New York City, and Newark – all of which developed their own regional scenes. In the mid-to-late 1980s, house music became popular in Europe as well as major cities in South America, and Australia. Early house music commercial success in Europe saw songs such as \"Pump Up The Volume\" by MARRS (1987), \"House Nation\" by House Master Boyz and the Rude Boy of House (1987), \"Theme from S'Express\" by S'Express (1988) and \"Doctorin' the House\" by Coldcut (1988) in the pop charts. Since the early to mid-1990s, house music has been infused in mainstream pop and dance music worldwide.",
"title": "House music"
},
{
"idx": 8,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Chopin also endowed popular dance forms with a greater range of melody and expression. Chopin's mazurkas, while originating in the traditional Polish dance (the mazurek), differed from the traditional variety in that they were written for the concert hall rather than the dance hall; \"it was Chopin who put the mazurka on the European musical map.\" The series of seven polonaises published in his lifetime (another nine were published posthumously), beginning with the Op. 26 pair (published 1836), set a new standard for music in the form. His waltzes were also written specifically for the salon recital rather than the ballroom and are frequently at rather faster tempos than their dance-floor equivalents.",
"title": "Frédéric Chopin"
},
{
"idx": 9,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "In the late 1980s and early 1990s, following the emergence of raving, pirate radio, and an upsurge of interest in club culture, EDM acquired mainstream popularity in Europe. In the United States at that time acceptance of dance culture was not universal, and although both Electro and Chicago house music were hugely influential both in Europe and the USA, mainstream media outlets, and the record industry, remained hostile to EDM. There was also a perceived association between EDM and drug culture which led governments at state and city level to enact laws and policies intended to halt the spread of rave culture.",
"title": "Electronic dance music"
},
{
"idx": 10,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Malian musical traditions are derived from the griots, who are known as \"Keepers of Memories\". Malian music is diverse and has several different genres. Some famous Malian influences in music are kora virtuoso musician Toumani Diabaté, the late roots and blues guitarist Ali Farka Touré, the Tuareg band Tinariwen, and several Afro-pop artists such as Salif Keita, the duo Amadou et Mariam, Oumou Sangare, and Habib Koité. Dance also plays a large role in Malian culture. Dance parties are common events among friends, and traditional mask dances are performed at ceremonial events.",
"title": "Mali"
},
{
"idx": 11,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Dance 86.4 (pronounced \"Dance Yaroyo\", which loosely translates to \"Let's Dance\") Funky Radio Station is a music video game produced by Konami in 2005. It is part of the Bemani collection of music games.",
"title": "Dance 86.4 Funky Radio Station"
},
{
"idx": 12,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "By 1999, Iglesias had begun a successful crossover career into the English language music market. Thanks to other successful crossover acts, most notably that of Ricky Martin and Gloria Estefan, Latino artists and music had a great surge in popularity in mainstream music. After attending one of his concerts in March 1999, Will Smith asked Iglesias to contribute to the soundtrack of his movie Wild Wild West. His contribution \"Bailamos\" was released as a single and became a number one hit in the US.",
"title": "Enrique Iglesias"
},
{
"idx": 13,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Anthony Gatto (born in Brooklyn, New York), is an American composer of music for theater, dance, film, opera, and concert music. He is also the founder of \"The Festival Dancing in Your Head\", held at the Walker Art Center, dedicated to the music, ideas, and influences of Ornette Coleman.",
"title": "Anthony Gatto (composer)"
},
{
"idx": 14,
"is_supporting": true,
"paragraph_text": "Before emerging as a pop star, Madonna has spent her early years in rock music alongside her bands, Breakfast Club and Emmy. While performing with Emmy, Madonna recorded about 12-14 songs which resemble the punk rock of that period. Her early rock roots also can be found on the demo album Pre-Madonna. Stephen Thomas Erlewine noted that with her self-titled debut album, Madonna began her career as a disco diva, in an era that did not have any such divas to speak of. In the beginning of the '80's, disco was an anathema to the mainstream pop, and according to Erlewine, Madonna had a huge role in popularizing dance music as mainstream music. The album's songs reveal several key trends that have continued to define her success, including a strong dance-based idiom, catchy hooks, highly polished arrangements and Madonna's own vocal style. Her second album, Like a Virgin (1984), foreshadowed several trends in her later works. It contained references to classical works (pizzicato synthesizer line that opens \"Angel\"); potential negative reaction from social groups (\"Dress You Up\" was blacklisted by the Parents Music Resource Center); and retro styles (\"Shoo-Bee-Doo\", Madonna's homage to Motown).",
"title": "Madonna (entertainer)"
},
{
"idx": 15,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Madonna Louise Ciccone (/tʃɪˈkoʊni/; Italian: [tʃikˈkoːne]; born August 16, 1958) is an American singer, songwriter, actress, and businesswoman. She achieved popularity by pushing the boundaries of lyrical content in mainstream popular music and imagery in her music videos, which became a fixture on MTV. Madonna is known for reinventing both her music and image, and for maintaining her autonomy within the recording industry. Music critics have acclaimed her musical productions, which have generated some controversy. Often referred to as the \"Queen of Pop\", she is often cited as an influence by other artists.",
"title": "Madonna (entertainer)"
},
{
"idx": 16,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Viola Farber was born on February 25, 1931 in Heidelberg, Germany. In Germany, Farber began dancing. However, at the age of six she was told by her parents, “No, you cannot do this anymore”. At the age of seven, Farber and her family moved to the United States. Even though her parents did not allow her to dance, Farber continued dancing on her own, though she focused more of her energy on learning to play the piano. During the one year that Farber spent at the University of Illinois studying music, she began taking dance classes from Margaret Erlanger. When Farber transferred to George Washington University, she focused on both music and dance. By 1952, Farber had transferred once again, to Black Mountain College was dance with Katherine Litz and music with Lou Harrison.",
"title": "Viola Farber"
},
{
"idx": 17,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Pete Rushefsky is an American klezmer musician and Executive Director of New York City's Center for Traditional Music and Dance. He plays the cimbalom or \"tsimbl\" as well as the 5-string banjo.",
"title": "Pete Rushefsky"
},
{
"idx": 18,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Numerous examples show influence in the opposite direction, including popular songs based on classical music, the use to which Pachelbel's Canon has been put since the 1970s, and the musical crossover phenomenon, where classical musicians have achieved success in the popular music arena. In heavy metal, a number of lead guitarists (playing electric guitar) modeled their playing styles on Baroque or Classical era instrumental music, including Ritchie Blackmore and Randy Rhoads.",
"title": "Classical music"
},
{
"idx": 19,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "The London-born Sawyer danced professionally with John Jarrot until she met and married fellow dancer/actor Joseph Santley. The two would dance and perform on stage together primarily in musical comedies for nearly two decades. They made their Broadway debut together in 1916 in \"Betty\" at the Globe Theatre and two years later played in the musical comedy \"Oh, My Dear!\" at the Princess Theatre. The couple appeared in the famous Irving Berlin \"Music Box Revues\" of the 1920s and later toured the United States, performing at major venues such as the National Theatre in Washington, D.C.",
"title": "Ivy Sawyer"
}
],
"question": "Who does the artist who popularized dance music as mainstream play in A League of Their Own?",
"question_decomposition": [
{
"answer": "Madonna",
"id": 20862,
"paragraph_support_idx": 14,
"question": "Who popularize dance music as mainstream music?"
},
{
"answer": "taxi dancer ``All the Way ''Mae Mordabito",
"id": 42892,
"paragraph_support_idx": 2,
"question": "who does #1 play in a league of their own"
}
]
} |
3hop2__144657_11799_41384 | What is the population ranking of the birthplace of Walter Parks in the nation who won the battle? | 12th | [
"12th"
] | {
"answer": "12th",
"answer_aliases": [],
"answerable": true,
"id": "3hop2__144657_11799_41384",
"paragraphs": [
{
"idx": 0,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Jan Hernych (born 7 July 1979) is a professional male tennis player from Czech Republic. Born in Prague, he turned pro in 1998 and achieved his career-high singles ranking of World No. 59 in April 2009. He won one doubles title and was runner-up in 's-Hertogenbosch in 2006.",
"title": "Jan Hernych"
},
{
"idx": 1,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Stacy Lewis (born February 16, 1985) is an American professional golfer on the U.S.-based LPGA Tour. She has won two major championships: the Kraft Nabisco Championship in 2011 and the Women's British Open in 2013. She was ranked number one in the Women's World Golf Rankings for four weeks in 2013, and reclaimed the position in June 2014 with a victory at the ShopRite LPGA Classic for another 21 weeks.",
"title": "Stacy Lewis"
},
{
"idx": 2,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Reynolds is thought to have been born in Tallulah, Louisiana in 1904, although his death certificate states his birthplace as Arkansas in 1900. He was blinded by a shotgun blast to the face in Louisiana in the mid-late 1920s, which resulted in the physical loss of his eyes. Despite this handicap, Blind Joe became known for his distinctive bottleneck style as well as his reported accuracy with a pistol, with which it is said he could judge the position of a target by sound alone.",
"title": "Blind Joe Reynolds"
},
{
"idx": 3,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Every Man Dies Alone or Alone in Berlin () is a 1947 novel by German author Hans Fallada. It is based on the true story of a working class husband and wife who, acting alone, became part of the German Resistance. Fallada's book was one of the first anti-Nazi novels to be published by a German after World War II.",
"title": "Every Man Dies Alone"
},
{
"idx": 4,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Battle of Britain is a 1969 British Second World War film directed by Guy Hamilton, and produced by Harry Saltzman and S. Benjamin Fisz. The film documented the events of the Battle of Britain. The film drew many respected British actors to accept roles as key figures of the battle, including Sir Laurence Olivier as Hugh Dowding and Trevor Howard as Keith Park. It also starred Michael Caine, Christopher Plummer and Robert Shaw as Squadron Leaders. The script by James Kennaway and Wilfred Greatorex was based on the book The Narrow Margin by Derek Wood and Derek Dempster.",
"title": "Battle of Britain (film)"
},
{
"idx": 5,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "The Boardwalk at Hersheypark is the newest themed area located at Hersheypark in Hershey, Pennsylvania, USA. The Boardwalk at Hersheypark opened in 2007 to mark the 100th anniversary of the theme park opened by Milton S. Hershey in 1907. It originally featured five water‐based attractions and is the single biggest financial investment in the park’s history, at a cost of $21 million USD.",
"title": "The Boardwalk at Hersheypark"
},
{
"idx": 6,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "WHPR-FM (88.1 FM) is an Urban Oldies and Talk radio station based in Highland Park, Michigan, owned and operated by R. J.'s Late Night Entertainment Corporation.",
"title": "WHPR-FM"
},
{
"idx": 7,
"is_supporting": true,
"paragraph_text": "The United States Congress declared war on Mexico on May 13, 1846 after only having a few hours to debate. Although President José Mariano Paredes's issuance of a manifesto on May 23 is sometimes considered the declaration of war, Mexico officially declared war by Congress on July 7. After the American invasion of New Mexico, Chihuahua sent 12,000 men led by Colonel Vidal to the border to stop the American military advance into the state. The Mexican forces being impatient to confront the American forces passed beyond El Paso del Norte about 20 miles (32 km) north along the Rio Grande. The first battle that Chihuahua fought was the battle of El Bracito; the Mexican forces consisting of 500 cavalry and 70 infantry confronted a force of 1,100–1,200 Americans on December 25, 1846. The battle ended badly by the Mexican forces that were then forced to retreat back into the state of Chihuahua. By December 27, 1846, the American forces occupied El Paso Del Norte. General Doniphan maintained camp in El Paso Del Norte awaiting supplies and artillery which he received in February 1847.",
"title": "Chihuahua (state)"
},
{
"idx": 8,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Battle Island State Park is a state park located on the Oswego River in Oswego County, New York. Included within the park is the 18-hole Battle Island State Park Golf Course. The park is located on the west bank of the river, north of the City of Fulton, along New York State Highway 48.",
"title": "Battle Island State Park"
},
{
"idx": 9,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Kearney is a city in Clay County, Missouri, United States. The population per the 2010 U.S. Census was 8,381. It is most famous for being the birthplace of Jesse James, and there is an annual festival in the third weekend of September to recognize the notorious outlaw.",
"title": "Kearney, Missouri"
},
{
"idx": 10,
"is_supporting": true,
"paragraph_text": "Jacksonville is the largest city by population in the U.S. state of Florida, and the largest city by area in the contiguous United States. It is the county seat of Duval County, with which the city government consolidated in 1968. Consolidation gave Jacksonville its great size and placed most of its metropolitan population within the city limits; with an estimated population of 853,382 in 2014, it is the most populous city proper in Florida and the Southeast, and the 12th most populous in the United States. Jacksonville is the principal city in the Jacksonville metropolitan area, with a population of 1,345,596 in 2010.",
"title": "Jacksonville, Florida"
},
{
"idx": 11,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "``The Battle of New Orleans ''is a song written by Jimmy Driftwood. The song describes the 1815 Battle of New Orleans from the perspective of an American soldier; the song tells the tale of the battle with a light tone and provides a rather comical version of what actually happened at the battle. It has been recorded by many artists, but the singer most often associated with this song is Johnny Horton. His version scored number 1 on the Billboard Hot 100 in 1959 (see 1959 in music). Billboard ranked it as the No. 1 song for 1959, it was very popular with teenagers in the late 50's / early 60's in an era mostly dominated by rock and roll music.",
"title": "The Battle of New Orleans"
},
{
"idx": 12,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Azinhaga () is a village and a civil parish in the municipality of Golegã, located in Ribatejo, Portugal. The population in 2011 was 1,620, in an area of 38.21 km². It was the birthplace of the Nobel Prize-winning author José Saramago.",
"title": "Azinhaga"
},
{
"idx": 13,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "The Battle of Halmyros, known by earlier scholars as the Battle of the Cephissus or Battle of Orchomenos, was fought on 15 March 1311, between the forces of the Frankish Duchy of Athens and its vassals under Walter of Brienne against the mercenaries of the Catalan Company, resulting in a decisive victory for the Catalans.",
"title": "Battle of Halmyros"
},
{
"idx": 14,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Ten cities with 100,000 or more total population and the highest number of Blacks or African Americans City Total population Black or African American, alone or mixed with other races Black or African American, alone Mixed - race Black / African - American Rank Number Rank Number Rank Number New York, NY 8,175,133 2,228,145 2,088,510 139,635 Chicago, IL 2,695,598 913,009 887,608 25,401 Philadelphia, PA 1,526,006 686,870 661,839 25,031 Detroit, MI 713,777 601,988 590,226 13 11,762 Houston, TX 2,099,451 5 594,217 5 498,466 8 11,751 Memphis, TN 646,889 6 414,928 6 409,687 58 5,241 Baltimore, MD 620,961 7 403,998 7 395,781 29 8,217 Los Angeles, CA 3,792,621 8 402,448 8 365,118 37,330 Washington, DC 601,723 9 314,352 9 305,125 22 9,227 Dallas, TX 1,197,816 10 308,087 10 298,993 23 9,094",
"title": "List of U.S. cities with large African-American populations"
},
{
"idx": 15,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Buchanan's Birthplace State Park is an Pennsylvania state park near Cove Gap, in Peters Township, Franklin County, Pennsylvania in the United States. The park is on Pennsylvania Route 16 along Tuscarora Mountain. Buchanan's Birthplace State Park was created from land donated to the state by Harriet Lane in honor of her uncle, the 15th President of the United States, James Buchanan.",
"title": "Buchanan's Birthplace State Park"
},
{
"idx": 16,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Boston's park system is well-reputed nationally. In its 2013 ParkScore ranking, The Trust for Public Land reported that Boston was tied with Sacramento and San Francisco for having the third-best park system among the 50 most populous US cities. ParkScore ranks city park systems by a formula that analyzes the city's median park size, park acres as percent of city area, the percent of residents within a half-mile of a park, spending of park services per resident, and the number of playgrounds per 10,000 residents.",
"title": "Boston"
},
{
"idx": 17,
"is_supporting": true,
"paragraph_text": "Walter Parks is a songwriter, vocalist, guitarist and bassist originally from Jacksonville, FL now living in Jersey City, New Jersey. Walter Parks founded several musical groups, Wingtips, The Nudes, Swamp Cabbage and also toured as a sideman for Richie Havens.",
"title": "Walter Parks"
},
{
"idx": 18,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Kosciusko is a city in Attala County, Mississippi, United States, and is the birthplace of James Meredith and Oprah Winfrey. The population was 7,402 at the 2010 census. It is the county seat of Attala County.",
"title": "Kosciusko, Mississippi"
},
{
"idx": 19,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Top Ten cities with 100,000 or more total population and the highest percentages of Blacks or African - Americans, alone or with other races City Total Population Black or African American, alone or with other races Black or African American, alone Mixed - race Black / African - American Rank Percentage of total population Rank Percentage of total population Rank Percentage of total population Detroit, MI 713,777 84.3 82.7 83 1.6 Jackson, MS 173,514 80.1 79.4 242 0.7 Miami Gardens, FL 107,167 77.9 76.3 91 1.6 Birmingham, AL 212,237 74.0 73.4 257 0.6 Baltimore, MD 620,961 5 65.1 5 63.7 134 1.3 Memphis, TN 646,889 6 64.1 6 63.3 225 0.8 New Orleans, LA 343,831 7 61.2 7 60.2 184 1.0 Flint, MI 102,434 8 59.5 9 56.6 9 2.9 Montgomery, AL 205,764 9 57.4 8 56.6 231 0.8 Savannah, GA 136,286 10 56.7 10 55.4 139 1.3",
"title": "List of U.S. cities with large African-American populations"
}
],
"question": "What is the population ranking of the birthplace of Walter Parks in the nation who won the battle?",
"question_decomposition": [
{
"answer": "Jacksonville",
"id": 144657,
"paragraph_support_idx": 17,
"question": "What is the birthplace of Walter Parks?"
},
{
"answer": "The United States",
"id": 11799,
"paragraph_support_idx": 7,
"question": "Who won the battle?"
},
{
"answer": "12th",
"id": 41384,
"paragraph_support_idx": 10,
"question": "Based on population alone, what is #1 's ranking in #2 ?"
}
]
} |
2hop__288402_79233 | When was the city where Abriel was formed founded? | June 29, 1776 | [
"June 29, 1776"
] | {
"answer": "June 29, 1776",
"answer_aliases": [],
"answerable": true,
"id": "2hop__288402_79233",
"paragraphs": [
{
"idx": 0,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "KXXY-FM (96.1 FM, \"96.1 KXY\") is a country music formatted radio station serving the Oklahoma City area and is owned by iHeartMedia, Inc.. KXY was the flagship station of the Oklahoma City Barons hockey team before they left Oklahoma City. Its transmitter is located in Northeast Oklahoma City, and studios are located at the 50 Penn Place building on the Northwest side.",
"title": "KXXY-FM"
},
{
"idx": 1,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "WCCL is an American radio station physically located in Johnstown, Pennsylvania located at 101.7 FM, but licensed to the community of Central City, Pennsylvania. The oldies formatted station currently carries a syndicated feed of Westwood One's \"Good Time Oldies\" format. The station is owned by Forever Media, LLC.",
"title": "WCCL"
},
{
"idx": 2,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "The Fremouw Formation is a Triassic-age rock formation in the Transantarctic Mountains of Antarctica. Fossils of prehistoric reptiles and amphibians have been found in the formation. Fossilized trees have also been found. The formation's beds were deposited along the banks of rivers and on floodplains. During the Triassic, the area would have been a riparian forest at 70–75°S latitude.",
"title": "Fremouw Formation"
},
{
"idx": 3,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "WILN (105.9 FM, \"Island 106\") is a US commercial radio station located in Panama City, Florida. WILN airs a Top 40 (CHR) music format.",
"title": "WILN"
},
{
"idx": 4,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "The Orquesta Sinfónica de Xalapa is a Mexican orchestra located in the city of Xalapa, the capital of the state of Veracruz. It was founded in 1929, and is considered the oldest symphony orchestra in Mexico.",
"title": "Xalapa Symphony Orchestra"
},
{
"idx": 5,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Vinceria is an extinct genus of kannemeyeriiform dicynodont in the family Shansiodontidae. Fossils of the genus have been found in the Anisian Cerro de las Cabras Formation and Carnian Río Seco de la Quebrada Formation of Argentina.",
"title": "Vinceria"
},
{
"idx": 6,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "KILT-FM (100.3 FM) is a Houston, Texas-based radio station with a country music format. It is owned by Entercom, and its studios are in Greenway Plaza. Its transmitter is located in Missouri City, Texas. It is a sister station of KILT, which is located at 610 kHz, also in Houston.",
"title": "KILT-FM"
},
{
"idx": 7,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Congregation Talmud Torah Adereth El, or Adereth El for short, is an Orthodox Jewish synagogue located at 133 East 29th Street, New York City, New York USA. Founded in 1857, it claims to be the oldest synagogue in its original location with continuous services at the same location.",
"title": "Congregation Talmud Torah Adereth El"
},
{
"idx": 8,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "KZRR (94.1 FM, \"94 Rock\") is a commercial radio station located in Albuquerque, New Mexico, broadcasting to the Albuquerque-Santa Fe, New Mexico, area. KZRR airs a mainstream rock music format. Owned by iHeartMedia, Inc. (formerly Clear Channel Communications), its studios are located in Northeast Albuquerque and the transmitter tower is atop Sandia Crest east of the city.",
"title": "KZRR"
},
{
"idx": 9,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "WQBU-FM (92.7 FM, \"Que Buena 92.7\") is a radio station licensed to Garden City, New York and serving the western Long Island and New York City area. It broadcasts a Spanish language Regional Mexican format and is owned by Uforia Audio Network. The station's transmitter is located at the North Shore Towers in Floral Park, New York.",
"title": "WQBU-FM"
},
{
"idx": 10,
"is_supporting": true,
"paragraph_text": "San Francisco was founded on June 29, 1776, when colonists from Spain established Presidio of San Francisco at the Golden Gate and Mission San Francisco de Asís a few miles away, all named for St. Francis of Assisi. The California Gold Rush of 1849 brought rapid growth, making it the largest city on the West Coast at the time. San Francisco became a consolidated city - county in 1856. After three - quarters of the city was destroyed by the 1906 earthquake and fire, San Francisco was quickly rebuilt, hosting the Panama - Pacific International Exposition nine years later. In World War II, San Francisco was a major port of embarkation for service members shipping out to the Pacific Theater. It then became the birthplace of the United Nations in 1945. After the war, the confluence of returning servicemen, massive immigration, liberalizing attitudes, along with the rise of the ``hippie ''counterculture, the Sexual Revolution, the Peace Movement growing from opposition to United States involvement in the Vietnam War, and other factors led to the Summer of Love and the gay rights movement, cementing San Francisco as a center of liberal activism in the United States. Politically, the city votes strongly along liberal Democratic Party lines.",
"title": "San Francisco"
},
{
"idx": 11,
"is_supporting": true,
"paragraph_text": "Abriel was an American metalcore band based out of San Francisco, California that was formed in 2008. Best known for their female vocals, mixing metalcore with pop, and their \"DIY\" approach to the industry funding their own tours, album releases, and marketing.",
"title": "Abriel"
},
{
"idx": 12,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "WRDF (106.3 FM) is a radio station licensed to Columbia City, Indiana located near Fort Wayne, Indiana. The station offers a Catholic Talk format branded as \"Redeemer Radio\". The station is owned by Fort Wayne Catholic Radio Group, Inc..",
"title": "WRDF"
},
{
"idx": 13,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "WSIA is a college radio station located on the campus of The College of Staten Island, part of the City University of New York. The station broadcasts on 88.9 MHz FM. WSIA is an alternative rock station, with specialty jazz, rock, and urban formatted content, in addition to talk radio.",
"title": "WSIA"
},
{
"idx": 14,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "KPEK is a commercial radio station located in Albuquerque, New Mexico, broadcasting on 100.3 FM. KPEK airs a hot adult contemporary music format branded as \"The Peak\". Owned by iHeartMedia, Inc. (formerly Clear Channel Communications), its studios are located in Northeast Albuquerque and the transmitter tower is atop Sandia Crest east of the city.",
"title": "KPEK"
},
{
"idx": 15,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "The Church of the Holy Family is a Roman Catholic parish church under the authority of the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of New York, located in Staten Island, New York City. The parish was founded in 1966 and is located at 366 Watchogue Road Westerleigh, Staten Island.",
"title": "Church of the Holy Family (Staten Island, New York)"
},
{
"idx": 16,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "The Santa Marta Formation is a geologic formation in Antarctica. It, along with the Hanson Formation and the Snow Hill Island Formation, are the only formations yet known on the continent where dinosaur fossils have been found. The formation outcrops on James Ross Island off the coast of the northern tip of the Antarctic Peninsula. In its entirety, the Santa Marta Formation is on average one kilometer thick.",
"title": "Santa Marta Formation"
},
{
"idx": 17,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "WCGQ (107.3 FM, \"Q107-3\") is a radio station broadcasting a Top 40 (CHR) music format. WCGQ is licensed to serve the community of Columbus, Georgia, United States. Its studios are co-located with four other sister stations on Wynnton Road in Columbus east of downtown, and its transmitter is located in Phenix City, Alabama.",
"title": "WCGQ"
},
{
"idx": 18,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "NYAV Post is an American recording studio located in New York City. It was founded by Michael Sinterniklaas in 2000, with a West Coast branch located in Los Angeles, California.",
"title": "NYAV Post"
},
{
"idx": 19,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Samar National School (SNS) is the mother school of the province of Samar, under the Catbalogan City Division, Philippines located in its capital city, Catbalogan that was founded in 1904.",
"title": "Samar National School"
}
],
"question": "When was the city where Abriel was formed founded?",
"question_decomposition": [
{
"answer": "San Francisco",
"id": 288402,
"paragraph_support_idx": 11,
"question": "Abriel >> location of formation"
},
{
"answer": "June 29, 1776",
"id": 79233,
"paragraph_support_idx": 10,
"question": "when was the city of #1 founded"
}
]
} |
3hop1__764479_147364_40232 | How many people live in the city where a cast member of The Lightning Warrior died? | 12 million | [
"12 million"
] | {
"answer": "12 million",
"answer_aliases": [],
"answerable": true,
"id": "3hop1__764479_147364_40232",
"paragraphs": [
{
"idx": 0,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Eagle River is a city in Vilas County, Wisconsin, United States. The population was 1,398 at the 2010 census. It is the county seat of Vilas County. Because of the many lakes in the area, the city is a popular vacation and retirement destination. The area contains many condominia, seasonal vacation homes, and hunting cabins.",
"title": "Eagle River, Wisconsin"
},
{
"idx": 1,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "There are currently about 55,000 wild grizzly bears total located throughout North America, most of which reside in Alaska. Only about 1,500 grizzlies are left in the lower 48 states of the US. Of these, about 800 live in Montana. About 600 more live in Wyoming, in the Yellowstone - Teton area. There are an estimated 70 -- 100 grizzly bears living in northern and eastern Idaho. Its original range included much of the Great Plains and the southwestern states, but it has been extirpated in most of those areas. Combining Canada and the United States, grizzly bears inhabit approximately half the area of their historical range.",
"title": "Grizzly bear"
},
{
"idx": 2,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Luis del Marmol Carvajal (Granada, Spain, 1520 - Velez Malaga, Spain, 1600) was a Spanish chronicler living many years among the formerly Moorish Granada kingdom morisco's inhabitants and in the North African Berber regions at the end of the 15th, and a good part of the 16th century.",
"title": "Luis del Mármol Carvajal"
},
{
"idx": 3,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "With over 90 million inhabitants, Egypt is the most populous country in North Africa and the Arab World, the third-most populous in Africa (after Nigeria and Ethiopia), and the fifteenth-most populous in the world. The great majority of its people live near the banks of the Nile River, an area of about 40,000 square kilometres (15,000 sq mi), where the only arable land is found. The large regions of the Sahara desert, which constitute most of Egypt's territory, are sparsely inhabited. About half of Egypt's residents live in urban areas, with most spread across the densely populated centres of greater Cairo, Alexandria and other major cities in the Nile Delta.",
"title": "Egypt"
},
{
"idx": 4,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "The Golden State Warriors are an American professional basketball team based in the San Francisco Bay Area in Oakland, California. The Warriors compete in the National Basketball Association (NBA) as a member of the league's Western Conference Pacific Division. The Warriors play their home games at the Oracle Arena in Oakland. The Warriors have reached ten NBA Finals, winning six NBA championships in 1947, 1956, 1975, 2015, 2017, and 2018. Golden State's six NBA championships are tied for third-most in NBA history with the Chicago Bulls, and behind only the Boston Celtics (17) and Los Angeles Lakers (16).",
"title": "Golden State Warriors"
},
{
"idx": 5,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Parliament House contains 4,700 rooms, and many areas are open to the public. The main foyer contains a marble staircase and leads to the Great Hall, which has a large tapestry on display. The House of Representatives chamber is decorated green, while the Senate chamber has a red colour scheme. Between the two chambers is the Members' Hall, which has a water feature and is not open to the public. The Ministerial Wing houses the office of the prime minister and other ministers.",
"title": "Parliament House, Canberra"
},
{
"idx": 6,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Somalis constitute the largest ethnic group in Somalia, at approximately 85% of the nation's inhabitants. They are traditionally nomads, but since the late 20th century, many have moved to urban areas. While most Somalis can be found in Somalia proper, large numbers also live in Ethiopia, Djibouti, Kenya, Yemen, the Middle East, South Asia and Europe due to their seafaring tradition.",
"title": "Somalis"
},
{
"idx": 7,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "The team was established in 1946 as the Philadelphia Warriors based in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, a founding member of the Basketball Association of America (BAA). In 1962, the franchise relocated to the San Francisco Bay Area and was renamed the San Francisco Warriors. In 1971, the team changed its geographic moniker to Golden State, California's state nickname. The team is nicknamed the Dubs as a shortening of ``W's ''.",
"title": "Golden State Warriors"
},
{
"idx": 8,
"is_supporting": true,
"paragraph_text": "Southern California includes the heavily built-up urban area stretching along the Pacific coast from Ventura, through the Greater Los Angeles Area and the Inland Empire, and down to Greater San Diego. Southern California's population encompasses seven metropolitan areas, or MSAs: the Los Angeles metropolitan area, consisting of Los Angeles and Orange counties; the Inland Empire, consisting of Riverside and San Bernardino counties; the San Diego metropolitan area; the Oxnard–Thousand Oaks–Ventura metropolitan area; the Santa Barbara metro area; the San Luis Obispo metropolitan area; and the El Centro area. Out of these, three are heavy populated areas: the Los Angeles area with over 12 million inhabitants, the Riverside-San Bernardino area with over four million inhabitants, and the San Diego area with over 3 million inhabitants. For CSA metropolitan purposes, the five counties of Los Angeles, Orange, Riverside, San Bernardino, and Ventura are all combined to make up the Greater Los Angeles Area with over 17.5 million people. With over 22 million people, southern California contains roughly 60 percent of California's population.",
"title": "Southern California"
},
{
"idx": 9,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Darrell Clayton Hammond (born October 8, 1955) is an American actor, stand-up comedian and impressionist. He was a regular cast member on \"Saturday Night Live\" from 1995 to 2009.",
"title": "Darrell Hammond"
},
{
"idx": 10,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Valencia (/vəˈlɛnsiə/; Spanish: [baˈlenθja]), or València (Valencian: [vaˈlensia]), is the capital of the autonomous community of Valencia and the third largest city in Spain after Madrid and Barcelona, with around 800,000 inhabitants in the administrative centre. Its urban area extends beyond the administrative city limits with a population of around 1.5 million people. Valencia is Spain's third largest metropolitan area, with a population ranging from 1.7 to 2.5 million. The city has global city status. The Port of Valencia is the 5th busiest container port in Europe and the busiest container port on the Mediterranean Sea.",
"title": "Valencia"
},
{
"idx": 11,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Colpo di Coda is a double live album from Italian rock band Litfiba and was recorded during the Bologna concert of the Terremoto tour. It contains two previously unreleased tracks \"A denti stretti\" and \"Africa\".",
"title": "Colpo di coda"
},
{
"idx": 12,
"is_supporting": true,
"paragraph_text": "The Lightning Warrior is a 1931 American Pre-Code Mascot movie serial starring Rin Tin Tin in his last role. It is regarded as one of the better Mascot serials. A number of the production's outdoor action sequences were filmed on the rocky Iverson Movie Ranch in Chatsworth, California, known for its huge sandstone boulders and widely recognized as the most heavily filmed outdoor shooting location in the history of the movies.",
"title": "The Lightning Warrior"
},
{
"idx": 13,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Bushi was the name given to the ancient Japanese soldiers from traditional warrior families. The bushi class was developed mainly in the north of Japan. They formed powerful clans, which in the 12th century were against the noble families who were grouping themselves to support the imperial family who lived in Kyoto. Samurai was a word used by the Kuge aristocratic class with warriors themselves preferring the word bushi. The term Bushidō, the \"way of the warrior\", is derived from this term and the mansion of a warrior was called bukeyashiki.",
"title": "Samurai"
},
{
"idx": 14,
"is_supporting": true,
"paragraph_text": "In July 1919, Duncan managed to bundle the dogs aboard a ship taking him back to the US at the end of the war. When he got to Long Island, New York, for re-entry processing, he put his dogs in the care of a Hempstead breeder named Mrs. Leo Wanner, who raised police dogs. Nanette was diagnosed with pneumonia; as a replacement, the breeder gave Duncan another female German Shepherd puppy. Duncan headed to California by rail with his dogs. While Duncan was traveling by train, Nanette died in Hempstead. As a memorial, Duncan named his new puppy Nanette II, but he called her Nanette. Duncan, Rin Tin Tin, and Nanette II settled at his home in Los Angeles. Rin Tin Tin was a dark sable color and had very dark eyes. Nanette II was much lighter in color.",
"title": "Rin Tin Tin"
},
{
"idx": 15,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Hansapur is a Village Development Committee in Pyuthan, a \"Middle Hills\" district of Rapti Zone, western Nepal. The village lies to the north east of the district sharing its border mainly to Aargakhanchi. The area is mostly inhabited by Bhramins and other castes too. The village or VDC is prominently a developing area in the district with proper facilities of electricity and communication. The place is well established for ginger (Aduwa) and bee honey (Maha; local).",
"title": "Hansapur, Rapti"
},
{
"idx": 16,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Alatsee is a meromictic lake in Ostallgäu, Bavaria, Germany. At an elevation of 868.0 m, its surface area is 12.00 ha. This lake supposedly holds \"Hitler's gold\". Many divers have died or disappeared mysteriously in this lake due to the toxicity of the organisms living in this lake. These organisms create the \"blood cloud \" that occurs quite abundantly throughout the year.",
"title": "Alatsee"
},
{
"idx": 17,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Percy Jackson & the Olympians: The Lightning Thief (also known as Percy Jackson & the Lightning Thief) is a 2010 fantasy film directed by Chris Columbus. The film is loosely based on The Lightning Thief, the first novel in the Percy Jackson & the Olympians series by Rick Riordan. It stars Logan Lerman as Percy Jackson alongside an ensemble cast that includes Brandon T. Jackson, Alexandra Daddario, Jake Abel, Rosario Dawson, Steve Coogan, Uma Thurman, Catherine Keener, Kevin McKidd, Sean Bean and Pierce Brosnan. It was released to theaters on February 12, 2010 in the United States by 20th Century Fox.",
"title": "Percy Jackson & the Olympians: The Lightning Thief"
},
{
"idx": 18,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "He played 54 games in the National Hockey League: 50 with the St. Louis Blues and four with the Tampa Bay Lightning. He died May 22, 2010 from cancer.",
"title": "Michel Mongeau"
},
{
"idx": 19,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Many transmissions and gears used in automotive and truck applications are contained in a cast iron case, though more frequently aluminium is used for lower weight especially in cars. There are usually three shafts: a mainshaft, a countershaft, and an idler shaft.",
"title": "Transmission (mechanics)"
}
],
"question": "How many people live in the city where a cast member of The Lightning Warrior died?",
"question_decomposition": [
{
"answer": "Rin Tin Tin",
"id": 764479,
"paragraph_support_idx": 12,
"question": "The Lightning Warrior >> cast member"
},
{
"answer": "Los Angeles",
"id": 147364,
"paragraph_support_idx": 14,
"question": "Where did #1 live when he died?"
},
{
"answer": "12 million",
"id": 40232,
"paragraph_support_idx": 8,
"question": "How many inhabitants does the #2 area contain?"
}
]
} |
2hop__108160_159045 | When was the sculptor of Rebellious Slave born? | 6 March 1475 | [
"6 March 1475"
] | {
"answer": "6 March 1475",
"answer_aliases": [],
"answerable": true,
"id": "2hop__108160_159045",
"paragraphs": [
{
"idx": 0,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Two years later, the Royal African Company was inaugurated, receiving from King Charles a monopoly of the trade to supply slaves to the British colonies of the Caribbean. From the outset, slavery was the basis of the British Empire in the West Indies. Until the abolition of the slave trade in 1807, Britain was responsible for the transportation of 3.5 million African slaves to the Americas, a third of all slaves transported across the Atlantic. To facilitate this trade, forts were established on the coast of West Africa, such as James Island, Accra and Bunce Island. In the British Caribbean, the percentage of the population of African descent rose from 25 percent in 1650 to around 80 percent in 1780, and in the 13 Colonies from 10 percent to 40 percent over the same period (the majority in the southern colonies). For the slave traders, the trade was extremely profitable, and became a major economic mainstay for such western British cities as Bristol and Liverpool, which formed the third corner of the so-called triangular trade with Africa and the Americas. For the transported, harsh and unhygienic conditions on the slaving ships and poor diets meant that the average mortality rate during the Middle Passage was one in seven.",
"title": "British Empire"
},
{
"idx": 1,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "With support from the British abolitionist movement, Parliament enacted the Slave Trade Act in 1807, which abolished the slave trade in the empire. In 1808, Sierra Leone was designated an official British colony for freed slaves. The Slavery Abolition Act passed in 1833 abolished slavery in the British Empire on 1 August 1834 (with the exception of St. Helena, Ceylon and the territories administered by the East India Company, though these exclusions were later repealed). Under the Act, slaves were granted full emancipation after a period of 4 to 6 years of \"apprenticeship\".",
"title": "British Empire"
},
{
"idx": 2,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "The Slave Trade Act 1807, officially An Act for the Abolition of the Slave Trade, was an Act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom prohibiting the slave trade in the British Empire. Although it did not abolish the practice of slavery, it did encourage British action to press other nations states to abolish their own slave trades.",
"title": "Slave Trade Act 1807"
},
{
"idx": 3,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Slander House is a 1938 American film directed by Charles Lamont. The film's producer was Ben Judell of Progressive Pictures, known for low-budget exploitation films with provocative titles; other films released by Progressive the same year included \"Rebellious Daughters\" and \"Delinquent Parents\".",
"title": "Slander House"
},
{
"idx": 4,
"is_supporting": true,
"paragraph_text": "The Rebellious Slave is a 2.15m high marble statue by Michelangelo, dated to 1513. It is now held in the Louvre in Paris.",
"title": "Rebellious Slave"
},
{
"idx": 5,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Besides slaves, there were a number of free people of color in the state. Most were descended from free African Americans who had migrated along with neighbors from Virginia during the 18th century. The majority were the descendants of unions in the working classes between white women, indentured servants or free, and African men, indentured, slave or free. After the Revolution, Quakers and Mennonites worked to persuade slaveholders to free their slaves. Some were inspired by their efforts and the language of the Revolution to arrange for manumission of their slaves. The number of free people of color rose markedly in the first couple of decades after the Revolution.",
"title": "North Carolina"
},
{
"idx": 6,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Liberia is a country in West Africa which was founded, established, colonized, and controlled by citizens of the United States and ex-Caribbean slaves as a colony for former African American slaves and their free black descendants. It is one of only two sovereign countries in the world that were started by citizens and ex-Caribbean slaves of a political power as a colony for former slaves of the same political power, the other being Sierra Leone, established by Great Britain. In 1847, Liberia proclaimed its independence from the American Colonization Society (ACS).",
"title": "History of Liberia"
},
{
"idx": 7,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Slave Dimitrov (, born June 1, 1946) is a Macedonian composer, singer and record producer. He composed and sang \"Chija si\" (Чија си), labeled as the \"song of the millennium\" in the Republic of Macedonia.",
"title": "Slave Dimitrov"
},
{
"idx": 8,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "By 1820, Charleston's population had grown to 23,000, maintaining its black (and mostly slave) majority. When a massive slave revolt planned by Denmark Vesey, a free black, was revealed in May 1822, whites reacted with intense fear, as they were well aware of the violent retribution of slaves against whites during the Haitian Revolution. Soon after, Vesey was tried and executed, hanged in early July with five slaves. Another 28 slaves were later hanged. Later, the state legislature passed laws requiring individual legislative approval for manumission (the freeing of a slave) and regulating activities of free blacks and slaves.",
"title": "Charleston, South Carolina"
},
{
"idx": 9,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Olivia Jane d'Abo (/ ˈdɑːboʊ /; born 22 January 1969) is an English - American actress, singer and songwriter. She is known for her role as Karen Arnold, Kevin Arnold's rebellious teenage hippie sister on The Wonder Years (1988 -- 93), and recurring villain Nicole Wallace in Law & Order: Criminal Intent.",
"title": "Olivia d'Abo"
},
{
"idx": 10,
"is_supporting": true,
"paragraph_text": "Michelangelo was born on 6 March 1475 in Caprese, known today as Caprese Michelangelo, a small town situated in Valtiberina, near Arezzo, Tuscany. For several generations, his family had been small-scale bankers in Florence; but the bank failed, and his father, Ludovico di Leonardo Buonarroti Simoni, briefly took a government post in Caprese, where Michelangelo was born. At the time of Michelangelo's birth, his father was the town's Judicial administrator and podestà or local administrator of Chiusi della Verna. Michelangelo's mother was Francesca di Neri del Miniato di Siena. The Buonarrotis claimed to descend from the Countess Mathilde of Canossa—a claim that remains unproven, but which Michelangelo believed.Several months after Michelangelo's birth, the family returned to Florence, where he was raised. During his mother's later prolonged illness, and after her death in 1481 (when he was six years old), Michelangelo lived with a nanny and her husband, a stonecutter, in the town of Settignano, where his father owned a marble quarry and a small farm. There he gained his love for marble. As Giorgio Vasari quotes him:",
"title": "Michelangelo"
},
{
"idx": 11,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "The Atlantic slave trade or transatlantic slave trade involved the transportation by slave traders of enslaved African people, mainly from Africa to the Americas, and then their sale there. The slave trade used mainly the triangular trade route and its Middle Passage, and existed from the 16th to the 19th centuries. The vast majority of those who were enslaved and transported in the transatlantic slave trade were Africans from central and western Africa, who had been sold by other West Africans to Western European slave traders (with a small number being captured directly by the slave traders in coastal raids), who brought them to the Americas. The South Atlantic and Caribbean economies especially were dependent on the supply of secure labour for the production of commodity crops, making goods and clothing to sell in Europe. This was crucial to those western European countries which, in the late 17th and 18th centuries, were vying with each other to create overseas empires.",
"title": "Atlantic slave trade"
},
{
"idx": 12,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "She was born to a family of masons related to the descendants of an Indian free slave (hence her name). She married Philippe Jurgensen and is the mother of three children. Françoise Chandernagor divides her life between Paris and France's central region.",
"title": "Françoise Chandernagor"
},
{
"idx": 13,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "During the 16th and 17th centuries slave traders began to raid the region as part of the expansion of the Saharan and Nile River slave routes. Their captives were slaved and shipped to the Mediterranean coast, Europe, Arabia, the Western Hemisphere, or to the slave ports and factories along the West and North Africa or South the Ubanqui and Congo rivers. In the mid 19th century, the Bobangi people became major slave traders and sold their captives to the Americas using the Ubangi river to reach the coast. During the 18th century Bandia-Nzakara peoples established the Bangassou Kingdom along the Ubangi River.",
"title": "Central African Republic"
},
{
"idx": 14,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Most of the English colonists had arrived as indentured servants, hiring themselves out as laborers for a fixed period to pay for their passage. In the early years the line between indentured servants and African slaves or laborers was fluid. Some Africans were allowed to earn their freedom before slavery became a lifelong status. Most of the free colored families formed in North Carolina before the Revolution were descended from unions or marriages between free white women and enslaved or free African or African-American men. Because the mothers were free, their children were born free. Many had migrated or were descendants of migrants from colonial Virginia. As the flow of indentured laborers to the colony decreased with improving economic conditions in Great Britain, planters imported more slaves, and the state's legal delineations between free and slave status tightened, effectively hardening the latter into a racial caste. The economy's growth and prosperity was based on slave labor, devoted first to the production of tobacco.",
"title": "North Carolina"
},
{
"idx": 15,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Due to the patriarchal nature of Arab society, Arab men, including during the slave trade in North Africa, enslaved more black women than men. They used more black female slaves in domestic service and agriculture than males. The men interpreted the Qur'an to permit sexual relations between a male master and his female slave outside of marriage (see Ma malakat aymanukum and sex), leading to many mixed-race children. When an enslaved woman became pregnant with her Arab master's child, she was considered as umm walad or \"mother of a child\", a status that granted her privileged rights. The child was given rights of inheritance to the father's property, so mixed-race children could share in any wealth of the father. Because the society was patrilineal, the children took their fathers' social status at birth and were born free.",
"title": "Black people"
},
{
"idx": 16,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "The First Barons' War (1215–1217) was a civil war in the Kingdom of England in which a group of rebellious major landowners (commonly referred to as barons) led by Robert Fitzwalter and supported by a French army under the future Louis VIII of France, waged war against King John of England.",
"title": "First Barons' War"
},
{
"idx": 17,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "The Republic of Texas declared independence from the Republic of Mexico on March 2, 1836. At the time the vast majority of the Texian population favored the annexation of the Republic by the United States. The leadership of both major U.S. political parties, the Democrats and the Whigs, opposed the introduction of Texas, a vast slave - holding region, into the volatile political climate of the pro - and anti-slavery sectional controversies in Congress. Moreover, they wished to avoid a war with Mexico, whose government refused to acknowledge the sovereignty of its rebellious northern province. With Texas's economic fortunes declining by the early 1840s, the President of the Texas Republic, Sam Houston, arranged talks with Mexico to explore the possibility of securing official recognition of independence, with Great Britain mediating.",
"title": "Texas annexation"
},
{
"idx": 18,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Jessica Barden as Alyssa, a rebellious teenage girl. Initially James' intended victim but later his love interest. Holly Beechey portrays a young Alyssa.",
"title": "The End of the F***ing World"
},
{
"idx": 19,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Fountain Hughes (1848 — 1957) was born a slave in Charlottesville, Virginia in the United States and freed in 1865 after the American Civil War. He worked as a laborer for most of his life, moving in 1881 from Virginia to Baltimore, Maryland. He was interviewed in June 1949 about his life by the Library of Congress as part of the Federal Writers' Project of former slaves' oral histories. The recorded interview is online through the Library of Congress and the World Digital Library.",
"title": "Fountain Hughes"
}
],
"question": "When was the sculptor of Rebellious Slave born?",
"question_decomposition": [
{
"answer": "Michelangelo",
"id": 108160,
"paragraph_support_idx": 4,
"question": "Who is Rebellious Slave by?"
},
{
"answer": "6 March 1475",
"id": 159045,
"paragraph_support_idx": 10,
"question": "When was #1 born?"
}
]
} |
3hop1__26417_449353_64275 | When did the national lottery start in the country where the London museum prominently located in Trafalgar Square is found? | 1993 | [
"1993"
] | {
"answer": "1993",
"answer_aliases": [],
"answerable": true,
"id": "3hop1__26417_449353_64275",
"paragraphs": [
{
"idx": 0,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "The National Naval Aviation Museum, formerly known as the National Museum of Naval Aviation and the Naval Aviation Museum, is a military and aerospace museum located at Naval Air Station Pensacola, Florida.",
"title": "National Naval Aviation Museum"
},
{
"idx": 1,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "The Immigration Act of 1990 was passed with bipartisan support and signed by President George H.W. Bush. The legislation established the current and permanent Diversity Visa (DV) program, where 55,000 immigrant visas (later reduced to 50,000) are available in an annual lottery. The lottery aims to diversify the immigrant population in the United States, by selecting applicants mostly from countries with low numbers of immigrants to the United States in the previous five years. Starting in fiscal year 1999, 5,000 of the visas from the DV program are reserved for use by the NACARA program, so the number of immigrant visas available in the lottery was reduced to 50,000.",
"title": "Diversity Immigrant Visa"
},
{
"idx": 2,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "The Embassy of the Philippines in London is the diplomatic mission of the Philippines in the United Kingdom. It is located on a cul-de-sac near Trafalgar Square. The Philippines also maintains a Trade Section at 1a Cumberland House, Kensington Court, South Kensington.",
"title": "Embassy of the Philippines, London"
},
{
"idx": 3,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Million Women Rise (MWR) is a women-only march and rally against violence against women, held annually in London on a Saturday close to International Women's Day, 8 March. The march starts in Hyde Park and moves through Oxford Street in the famous West End shopping district, stopping traffic. It is followed by a rally in Trafalgar Square, with survivors of violence speaking to the crowd.",
"title": "Million Women Rise"
},
{
"idx": 4,
"is_supporting": true,
"paragraph_text": "A micro gallery was a computer-based guide to archives and museum collections, first developed for the collections at the National Gallery in London, UK It took three years to develop by the company Cognitive Applications, and opened in July 1991 as part of the facilities in the Sainsbury Wing. Visitors could use the system to determine which pictures they would like to see in the gallery. It was possible to print out personalised information for use during the visit. The Micro Gallery ran for 14 years and a CD-ROM with similar facilities was produced.",
"title": "Micro gallery"
},
{
"idx": 5,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "John Albert Morris (July 29, 1836 – May 25, 1895) was an American businessman widely known as the \"Lottery King\" and a prominent figure in the sport of thoroughbred horse racing. A native of New Jersey, he benefited from a large inheritance and added substantially to his fortune through a majority interest in the Louisiana State Lottery Company.",
"title": "John Albert Morris"
},
{
"idx": 6,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Bankplassen ('The Bank Square') is a square in the neighborhood Kvadraturen in Oslo, bounded by Kongens gate, Myntgata and Kirkegata. Before 1953, Agnes Thorsens plass was also part of Bankplassen. The square takes its name after the building of the Christiania Department's Norges Bank located at 3 Bankplassen, built in 1830 as a division office after designs by architect Christian Heinrich Grosch. It is now used by the National Museum of Art, Architecture and Design. It received in 2008 an addition designed by architect Sverre Fehn.",
"title": "Bankplassen"
},
{
"idx": 7,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Throughout the 1980s, a continuous anti-apartheid protest was held outside South Africa House. In 1990, the Poll Tax Riots began by a demonstration attended by 200,000 people and ultimately caused rioting in the surrounding area. More recently, there have been anti-war demonstrations opposing the Afghanistan War and the Iraq War. A large vigil was held shortly after the terrorist bombings in London on Thursday, 7 July 2005.In December 2009, participants from the Camp for Climate Action occupied the square for the two weeks during which the UN Conference on Climate Change took place in Copenhagen. It was billed as a UK base for direct action on climate change and saw various actions and protests stem from the occupation.In March 2011, the square was occupied by a crowd protesting against the UK Budget and proposed budget cuts. During the night the situation turned violent as the escalation by riot police and protesters damaged portions of the square. In November 2015 a vigil against the terrorist attacks in Paris was held. Crowds sang the French national anthem, La Marseillaise, and held banners in support of the city and country.Every year on the anniversary of the Battle of Trafalgar (21 October), the Sea Cadet Corps holds a parade in honour of Admiral Lord Nelson and the British victory over the combined fleets of Spain and France at Trafalgar. The Royal British Legion holds a Silence in the Square event on Armistice Day, 11 November, in remembrance of those who died in war. The event includes music and poetry readings, culminating in a bugler playing the Last Post and a two-minute silence at 11 am.",
"title": "Trafalgar Square"
},
{
"idx": 8,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "English Heritage is a governmental body with a broad remit of managing the historic sites, artefacts and environments of England. It is currently sponsored by the Department for Culture, Media and Sport. The charity National Trust for Places of Historic Interest or Natural Beauty holds a contrasting role. 17 of the 25 United Kingdom UNESCO World Heritage Sites fall within England. Some of the best-known of these are: Hadrian's Wall, Stonehenge, Avebury and Associated Sites, Tower of London, Jurassic Coast, Saltaire, Ironbridge Gorge, Studley Royal Park and various others.There are many museums in England, but perhaps the most notable is London's British Museum. Its collection of more than seven million objects is one of the largest and most comprehensive in the world, sourced from every continent, illustrating and documenting the story of human culture from its beginning to the present. The British Library in London is the national library and is one of the world's largest research libraries, holding over 150 million items in all known languages and formats; including around 25 million books. The most senior art gallery is the National Gallery in Trafalgar Square, which houses a collection of over 2,300 paintings dating from the mid-13th century to 1900. The Tate galleries house the national collections of British and international modern art; they also host the famously controversial Turner Prize.",
"title": "England"
},
{
"idx": 9,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "The National museum of Azerbaijan literature named after Nizami Ganjavi () - was established in 1939, in Baku. It is located in the centre of the capital of Azerbaijan, not far from the Fountains Square and near the entrance of Icheri Sheher. Now this museum is one of the greatest and richest treasuries of Azerbaijani culture.",
"title": "Nizami Museum of Azerbaijani Literature"
},
{
"idx": 10,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "The Milton J. Rubenstein Museum of Science and Technology (often referred to as the MoST) is a science and technology museum located in the Armory Square neighborhood of Downtown Syracuse, New York. The Museum includes 35,000 square feet of exhibits, Science Shop, the only domed IMAX theater in New York State, and a planetarium. The MOST is located in the former Syracuse Armory.",
"title": "Milton J. Rubenstein Museum of Science and Technology"
},
{
"idx": 11,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "London contains four World Heritage Sites: the Tower of London; Kew Gardens; the site comprising the Palace of Westminster, Westminster Abbey, and St Margaret's Church; and the historic settlement of Greenwich (in which the Royal Observatory, Greenwich marks the Prime Meridian, 0° longitude, and GMT). Other famous landmarks include Buckingham Palace, the London Eye, Piccadilly Circus, St Paul's Cathedral, Tower Bridge, Trafalgar Square, and The Shard. London is home to numerous museums, galleries, libraries, sporting events and other cultural institutions, including the British Museum, National Gallery, Tate Modern, British Library and 40 West End theatres. The London Underground is the oldest underground railway network in the world.",
"title": "London"
},
{
"idx": 12,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Lotto 6/49 is one of three national lottery games in Canada. Launched on June 12, 1982, Lotto 6/49 was the first nationwide Canadian lottery game to allow players to choose their own numbers. Previous national games, such as the Olympic Lottery, Loto Canada and Superloto used pre-printed numbers on tickets. Lotto 6/49 led to the gradual phase-out of that type of lottery game in Canada.",
"title": "Lotto 6/49"
},
{
"idx": 13,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Outward urban expansion is now prevented by the Metropolitan Green Belt, although the built-up area extends beyond the boundary in places, resulting in a separately defined Greater London Urban Area. Beyond this is the vast London commuter belt. Greater London is split for some purposes into Inner London and Outer London. The city is split by the River Thames into North and South, with an informal central London area in its interior. The coordinates of the nominal centre of London, traditionally considered to be the original Eleanor Cross at Charing Cross near the junction of Trafalgar Square and Whitehall, are approximately 51°30′26″N 00°07′39″W / 51.50722°N 0.12750°W / 51.50722; -0.12750.",
"title": "London"
},
{
"idx": 14,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "The National Museum of Natural History is a natural - history museum administered by the Smithsonian Institution, located on the National Mall in Washington, D.C., United States. It has free admission and is open 364 days a year. In 2016, with 7.1 million visitors, it was the fourth most visited museum in the world and the most visited natural - history museum in the world. Opened in 1910, the museum on the National Mall was one of the first Smithsonian buildings constructed exclusively to hold the national collections and research facilities. The main building has an overall area of 1,500,000 square feet (140,000 m) with 325,000 square feet (30,200 m) of exhibition and public space and houses over 1,000 employees.",
"title": "National Museum of Natural History"
},
{
"idx": 15,
"is_supporting": true,
"paragraph_text": "A 1934 Act, further liberalised in 1956 and 1976, legalised small lotteries. The UK's state - franchised lottery was set up under government licence by the government of John Major in 1993. The National Lottery is franchised to a private operator; the Camelot Group was awarded the franchise on 25 May 1994. The first draw took place on 19 November 1994 with a television programme presented by Noel Edmonds. The first numbers drawn were 30, 3, 5, 44, 14 and 22, the bonus was 10, and seven jackpot winners shared a prize of £5,874,778.",
"title": "National Lottery (United Kingdom)"
},
{
"idx": 16,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Man Enters the Cosmos is a cast bronze sculpture by Henry Moore located on the Lake Michigan lakefront outside the Adler Planetarium in the Museum Campus area of downtown Chicago, Illinois. The planetarium, which is both a National Historic Landmark and listed on the National Register of Historic Places, is located in the Near South Side community area of Chicago. Moore's sculpture is a functional bowstring equatorial sundial created in 1980 measuring approximately . The sundial was formerly located slightly further south at the steps of the main entry plaza to the Planetarium, but it now sits directly on the lakefront. The work is a later copy of a composition first created in the 1960s for the offices of \"The Times\" newspaper at Printing House Square in London, and according to the Henry Moore Foundation is titled Sundial 1965–66.",
"title": "Man Enters the Cosmos"
},
{
"idx": 17,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "The National Lottery (Irish: An Crannchur Náisiúnta) is the state lottery of Republic of Ireland. It was created when the Republic of Ireland government passed the National Lottery Act, 1986 to help raise funds for good causes. The eligible causes are sport and recreation, health and welfare, national heritage and the arts, the Irish language, and the natural environment.",
"title": "National Lottery (Ireland)"
},
{
"idx": 18,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Henry Ford Academy is the first charter school in the United States to be developed jointly by a global corporation, public education, and a major nonprofit cultural institution. The school is sponsored by the Ford Motor Company, Wayne County Regional Educational Service Agency and The Henry Ford Museum and admits high school students. It is located in Dearborn, Michigan on the campus of the Henry Ford museum. Enrollment is taken from a lottery in the area and totaled 467 in 2010.",
"title": "Henry Ford Academy"
},
{
"idx": 19,
"is_supporting": true,
"paragraph_text": "London is home to many museums, galleries, and other institutions, many of which are free of admission charges and are major tourist attractions as well as playing a research role. The first of these to be established was the British Museum in Bloomsbury, in 1753. Originally containing antiquities, natural history specimens and the national library, the museum now has 7 million artefacts from around the globe. In 1824 the National Gallery was founded to house the British national collection of Western paintings; this now occupies a prominent position in Trafalgar Square.",
"title": "London"
}
],
"question": "When did the national lottery start in the country where the London museum prominently located in Trafalgar Square is found?",
"question_decomposition": [
{
"answer": "the National Gallery",
"id": 26417,
"paragraph_support_idx": 19,
"question": "Which London museum is prominently located in Trafalgar Square?"
},
{
"answer": "UK",
"id": 449353,
"paragraph_support_idx": 4,
"question": "#1 >> country"
},
{
"answer": "1993",
"id": 64275,
"paragraph_support_idx": 15,
"question": "when did the national lottery start in #2"
}
]
} |
2hop__52019_83374 | Who did the actor who plays toy Santa in Santa Clause 2 play in Toy Story? | Buzz Lightyear | [
"Buzz Lightyear"
] | {
"answer": "Buzz Lightyear",
"answer_aliases": [],
"answerable": true,
"id": "2hop__52019_83374",
"paragraphs": [
{
"idx": 0,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "\"Toy Whorey\" is the eighteenth episode and season finale of the secentg season of the animated comedy series \"American Dad!\". It aired on Fox in the United States on May 13, 2012. The episode plot mainly revolves around Stan trying to stop his fourteen-year-old son, Steve from playing with toys. The title and Steve's fantasy parodies \"Toy Story\".",
"title": "Toy Whorey"
},
{
"idx": 1,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "``You've Got a Friend in Me ''is a song by Randy Newman. Used as the theme song for the 1995 Disney / Pixar animated film Toy Story, it has since become a major musical component for its sequels, Toy Story 2 (1999) and Toy Story 3 (2010) as well as a musical leitmotif throughout the whole Toy Story franchise. The song was nominated for both the Academy Award for Best Original Song and the Golden Globe Award for Best Original Song, but lost both to`` Colors of the Wind'' from Disney's Pocahontas.",
"title": "You've Got a Friend in Me"
},
{
"idx": 2,
"is_supporting": true,
"paragraph_text": "Tim Allen as Scott Calvin / Santa Claus and Toy Santa Eric Lloyd as Charlie Calvin Elizabeth Mitchell as Principal Carol Newman Wendy Crewson as Laura Miller Judge Reinhold as Dr. Neal Miller Liliana Mumy as Lucy Miller David Krumholtz as Bernard the Elf Spencer Breslin as Curtis the Elf Danielle Woodman as Abby the Elf Aisha Tyler as Mother Nature Peter Boyle as Father Time Jay Thomas as Easter Bunny Kevin Pollak as Cupid Art LaFleur as Tooth Fairy Michael Dorn as Sandman",
"title": "The Santa Clause 2"
},
{
"idx": 3,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Previously known as Tinny and Lunar Larry, Buzz Lightyear is a modern - day ``space ranger ''action figure, and wears a green and white space suit with various features such as retractable wings and transparent air helmet, a laser`` weapon,'' and various sound effects. In the films, he acts as Woody's second - in - command. In Toy Story, he begins the series believing he is a real space ranger (the other toys are aware that they are toys) and develops a rivalry with Woody, who resents him for getting more attention as the newcomer. During the film, he comes to realize that he is just a toy, and eventually becomes good friends with Woody. He is extremely loyal to his friends. During his time trapped at Sid's house, Hannah, Sid's sister, called Buzz Mrs. Nesbit. In Toy Story 2, Buzz goes to save Woody from Al with Potato Head, Hamm, Rex, and Slink (Slinky Dog) where he gets stuck in the Buzz Lightyear aisle in Al's Toy Barn by another Buzz and finds out for himself what he was really like. In Toy Story 3, a relationship begins to develop between Buzz and Jessie. He is particularly open with his affection when accidentally switched to ``Spanish mode. ''",
"title": "List of Toy Story characters"
},
{
"idx": 4,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Winnie - the - Pooh (1926) is the first volume of stories about Winnie - the - Pooh, by A.A. Milne. It is followed by The House at Pooh Corner. The book focuses on the adventures of a teddy bear called Winnie - the - Pooh and his friends Piglet, a small toy pig; Eeyore, a toy donkey; Owl, a live owl; and Rabbit, a live rabbit. The characters of Kanga, a toy kangaroo, and her son Roo are introduced later in the book, in the chapter entitled ``In Which Kanga and Baby Roo Come to the Forest and Piglet has a Bath ''. The bouncy toy - tiger character of Tigger is not introduced until the sequel, The House at Pooh Corner.",
"title": "Winnie-the-Pooh (book)"
},
{
"idx": 5,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Toy Story was released in theaters on November 22, 1995, and was the highest - grossing film on its opening weekend, earning over $373 million at the worldwide box office. The film was positively reviewed by critics and audiences, who praised the animation's technical innovation, the wit and thematic sophistication of the screenplay, and the vocal performances of Hanks and Allen. It is considered by many critics to be one of the best animated films ever made. The film received three Academy Award nominations, including Best Original Screenplay, Best Original Score, and Best Original Song for ``You've Got a Friend in Me '', as well as winning a Special Achievement Academy Award. It was inducted into the National Film Registry as being`` culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant'' in 2005, its first year of eligibility. In addition to home media releases and theatrical re-releases, Toy Story - inspired material has run the gamut from toys, video games, theme park attractions, spin - offs, merchandise, and two sequels -- Toy Story 2 (1999) and Toy Story 3 (2010) -- both of which also garnered massive commercial success and critical acclaim, with a third sequel, Toy Story 4, slated for a 2019 release.",
"title": "Toy Story"
},
{
"idx": 6,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Toy Shop is a simulation/role-playing video game video game developed by Portuguese team Seed Studios and published by Majesco Entertainment for the Nintendo DS handheld video game console. It is often compared to the Story of Seasons series but with a Toy Shop theme.",
"title": "Toy Shop"
},
{
"idx": 7,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "The Santa Monica Looff Hippodrome (carousel) is a National Historic Landmark. It sits on the Santa Monica Pier, which was built in 1909. The La Monica Ballroom on the pier was once the largest ballroom in the US and the source for many New Year's Eve national network broadcasts. The Santa Monica Civic Auditorium was an important music venue for several decades and hosted the Academy Awards in the 1960s. McCabe's Guitar Shop is still a leading acoustic performance space as well as retail outlet. Bergamot Station is a city-owned art gallery compound that includes the Santa Monica Museum of Art. The city is also home to the California Heritage Museum and the Angels Attic dollhouse and toy museum.",
"title": "Santa Monica, California"
},
{
"idx": 8,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Oscar Roberto Cornejo \"Toto\" Hernandez (born 13 March 1983 in Santa Rosa, La Pampa) is an Argentine footballer who plays for his hometown team Club Atlético Santa Rosa.",
"title": "Oscar Roberto Cornejo"
},
{
"idx": 9,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "The Santa Rosa Rugby Club is a men's rugby union team based in and around Santa Rosa, California. The club was founded in 1971. The team plays in the Northern California Rugby Football Union at the Division I level. The Santa Rosa Rugby Club won back to back national championships in 1994-95.",
"title": "Santa Rosa Rugby Club"
},
{
"idx": 10,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Toy Story 3 is a 2010 American 3D computer - animated comedy - drama film produced by Pixar Animation Studios for Walt Disney Pictures. It is the third installment in Pixar's Toy Story series, and the sequel to 1999's Toy Story 2. It was directed by Lee Unkrich, the editor of the first two films and the co-director of Toy Story 2, written by Michael Arndt, while Unkrich wrote the story along with John Lasseter and Andrew Stanton, respectively director and co-writer of the first two films. The plot focuses on the toys Woody, Buzz Lightyear, and their friends dealing with an uncertain future as their owner, Andy, prepares to leave for college. The film features an ensemble voice cast with Tom Hanks, Tim Allen, Joan Cusack, Don Rickles, Wallace Shawn, John Ratzenberger, Estelle Harris, Jodi Benson, and John Morris reprising their roles from the previous films, along with Blake Clark as the voice of Slinky Dog (because Jim Varney died ten years before the release of the film) and Ned Beatty, Michael Keaton, Whoopi Goldberg, Timothy Dalton, Kristen Schaal, Bonnie Hunt, and Jeff Garlin voicing the new characters introduced in this film.",
"title": "Toy Story 3"
},
{
"idx": 11,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "As of 000000002017 - 01 - 01 - 0000 2017, Pixar has released 19 feature films, which were all released under the Walt Disney Pictures banner. The company produced its first feature - length film, Toy Story, in 1995. Their second production, A Bug's Life, was released in 1998, followed by their first sequel, Toy Story 2, in 1999. With the exception of Cars 2 (2011), fifteen of the following sixteen features were all critically successful. Pixar had two releases in a single year twice: Inside Out and The Good Dinosaur in 2015 and Cars 3 and Coco in 2017.",
"title": "List of Pixar films"
},
{
"idx": 12,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Cabbage Patch Kids Type Dolls Company Coleco (1982 -- 1988) Hasbro (1988 -- 1994) Mattel (1994 -- 2003) Toys ``R ''Us (2003) Play Along (2004 -- 2011) Jakks Pacific (2011 -- 2014) Wicked Cool Toys (2015 -- present) Country United States Availability 1978 -- present Official website",
"title": "Cabbage Patch Kids"
},
{
"idx": 13,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "The National Toy Hall of Fame is an American hall of fame that recognizes the contributions of toys and games that have sustained their popularity for many years. Criteria for induction include: icon status (the toy is widely recognized, respected, and remembered); longevity (more than a passing fad); discovery (fosters learning, creativity, or discovery); and innovation (profoundly changed play or toy design). Established in 1998 under the direction of Ed Sobey, it was originally housed at A.C. Gilbert's Discovery Village in Salem, Oregon, United States, but was moved to the Strong National Museum of Play (now The Strong) in Rochester, New York, in 2002 after it outgrew its original home.",
"title": "National Toy Hall of Fame"
},
{
"idx": 14,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "James Albert Varney Jr. (June 15, 1949 -- February 10, 2000) was an American actor, comedian, and writer. He is best known for his role as Ernest P. Worrell, who was used in numerous television commercial advertising campaigns and films and a Daytime Emmy Award. He gained further notability for playing Jed Clampett in the film version of The Beverly Hillbillies (1993) and providing the voice of Slinky Dog in Toy Story (1995) and Toy Story 2 (1999).",
"title": "Jim Varney"
},
{
"idx": 15,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Elizabeth Mitchell (born Elizabeth Joanna Robertson: March 27, 1970) is an American actress known for her role as Dr. Juliet Burke on the ABC series Lost. She also had lead roles on the TV series V and Revolution, as well as the Snow Queen on Once Upon a Time and as Deb Carpenter on Dead of Summer. Mitchell has starred in such films as The Santa Clause 2 & 3: The Escape Clause, Gia and The Purge: Election Year.",
"title": "Elizabeth Mitchell"
},
{
"idx": 16,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Jodi Marie Marzorati Benson (born October 10, 1961) is an American actress, voice actress and soprano singer. She is best known for providing both the speaking and the singing voice of Disney's Princess Ariel in The Little Mermaid and its sequel, prequel, and television series spinoff. Benson voiced the character Barbie in the 1999 movie Toy Story 2 and its 2010 Academy Award - winning sequel Toy Story 3. She also voiced Barbie in the Toy Story toon Hawaiian Vacation. For her contributions to the Disney company, Benson was named a Disney Legend in 2011.",
"title": "Jodi Benson"
},
{
"idx": 17,
"is_supporting": true,
"paragraph_text": "Toy Story is a 1995 American computer - animated buddy comedy adventure film produced by Pixar Animation Studios for Walt Disney Pictures. The directorial debut of John Lasseter, Toy Story was the first feature - length computer - animated film and the first feature film produced by Pixar. Taking place in a world where anthropomorphic toys pretend to be lifeless whenever humans are present, the film's plot focuses on the relationship between Woody, an old - fashioned pullstring cowboy doll (voiced by Tom Hanks), and Buzz Lightyear, an astronaut action figure (voiced by Tim Allen), as they evolve from rivals competing for the affections of Andy, their owner, to friends who work together to be reunited with Andy as his family prepares to move to a new home. The screenplay was written by Joss Whedon, Andrew Stanton, Joel Cohen and Alec Sokolow, based on a story by Lasseter, Pete Docter, Stanton and Joe Ranft. The film features music by Randy Newman, and was executive - produced by Steve Jobs and Edwin Catmull.",
"title": "Toy Story"
},
{
"idx": 18,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "``You've Got a Friend in Me ''is a song written and first recorded by Randy Newman. Originally written as the theme song for the 1995 Disney / Pixar animated film Toy Story, it has since become the theme song for its sequels, Toy Story 2 (1999) and Toy Story 3 (2010) as well as a musical leitmotif throughout the whole Toy Story franchise. The song was nominated for both the Academy Award for Best Original Song and the Golden Globe Award for Best Original Song, but lost both to`` Colors of the Wind'' from Disney's Pocahontas.",
"title": "You've Got a Friend in Me"
},
{
"idx": 19,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Elizabeth Mitchell (born Elizabeth Joanna Robertson: March 27, 1970) is an American actress known for her role as Dr. Juliet Burke on the ABC series Lost. She also had lead roles on the TV series V and Revolution, as well as the Snow Queen on Once Upon a Time and as Deb Carpenter on Dead of Summer. Mitchell has starred in such films as The Santa Clause 2 and The Santa Clause 3: The Escape Clause, Gia, and The Purge: Election Year.",
"title": "Elizabeth Mitchell"
}
],
"question": "Who did the actor who plays toy Santa in Santa Clause 2 play in Toy Story?",
"question_decomposition": [
{
"answer": "Tim Allen",
"id": 52019,
"paragraph_support_idx": 2,
"question": "who plays the toy santa in santa clause 2"
},
{
"answer": "Buzz Lightyear",
"id": 83374,
"paragraph_support_idx": 17,
"question": "who did #1 play in toy story"
}
]
} |
3hop1__146755_548045_159613 | When did Alanders go back to the country where the Embassy of France is located in the city Emil forselius died? | December 1917 | [
"December 1917"
] | {
"answer": "December 1917",
"answer_aliases": [],
"answerable": true,
"id": "3hop1__146755_548045_159613",
"paragraphs": [
{
"idx": 0,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "In January 2014, he was elected as one of the 11 representatives of the French in Israel and in Palestinian territories, in the advisory \"\". In the election organized by the Embassy of France, more than 60,000 voters were asked to vote (representing 150,000 French living in Israel and in Palestinian territories). For this election, Jonathan-Simon Sellem was the head of the UMP-UDI list (right, center-right), which gained 1528 votes, 50.38%.",
"title": "Jonathan-Simon Sellem"
},
{
"idx": 1,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Pierre Chaulet (born and died in Algiers 1930-5 October 2012) was an Algerian doctor who worked with the FLN during the Algerian War. He performed secret operations on FLN fighters and sheltered the FLN leader Ramdane Abane. Eventually his cover was blown and he was expelled to France. Chaulet and his wife, Claudine, rejoined the FLN in Tunisia where he continued to work as a doctor and to write for the FLN paper, El Moudjahid.",
"title": "Pierre Chaulet"
},
{
"idx": 2,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Traditionally, the Embassy to France has been the most prestigious posting in the British foreign service, although in past centuries, diplomatic representation was lacking due to wars between the two countries and the Nazi occupation.",
"title": "List of ambassadors of the United Kingdom to France"
},
{
"idx": 3,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Emil Carlebach (10 July 1914, Frankfurt, Hesse-Nassau - 9 April 2001) was a Hessian Landtag member, a writer, and a journalist. He was born and died in Frankfurt am Main.",
"title": "Emil Carlebach"
},
{
"idx": 4,
"is_supporting": true,
"paragraph_text": "Åland is a collection of around 6,500 islands in the Baltic Sea, midway between Sweden and Finland. The islands are almost exclusively Swedish-speaking, but in 1809, the Åland Islands, along with Finland, were taken by Imperial Russia. In December 1917, during the turmoil of the Russian October Revolution, Finland declared its independence, but most of the Ålanders wished to rejoin Sweden. The Finnish government considered the islands to be a part of their new nation, as the Russians had included Åland in the Grand Duchy of Finland, formed in 1809. By 1920, the dispute had escalated to the point that there was danger of war. The British government referred the problem to the League's Council, but Finland would not let the League intervene, as they considered it an internal matter. The League created a small panel to decide if it should investigate the matter and, with an affirmative response, a neutral commission was created. In June 1921, the League announced its decision: the islands were to remain a part of Finland, but with guaranteed protection of the islanders, including demilitarisation. With Sweden's reluctant agreement, this became the first European international agreement concluded directly through the League.",
"title": "League of Nations"
},
{
"idx": 5,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "John Emil Berninger (December 13, 1896 – July 16, 1981) was an American landscape painter and Pennsylvania impressionist. He lived and painted in Allentown, Pennsylvania, in the United States.",
"title": "John E. Berninger"
},
{
"idx": 6,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "The Embassy of Bulgaria in London is the diplomatic mission of Bulgaria in the United Kingdom. Diplomatic relations between the two countries date from 1879 and there has been a Bulgarian embassy in London since 1903. The embassy is currently housed in a building on the east side of Queen's Gate, just within the City of Westminster, which is Grade II listed.",
"title": "Embassy of Bulgaria, London"
},
{
"idx": 7,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Emil Schlee (21 October 1922 – 26 February 2009) was a German historian and politician with the CDU and REP. He was born in Schwerin and died in Schwentinental.",
"title": "Emil Schlee"
},
{
"idx": 8,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Emil Oskar Nobel (; ; also Oscar; 1843 – 3 September 1864) was a member of the Nobel family, the youngest son of Immanuel Nobel, and of his wife Caroline Andrietta Ahlsell. He was the brother of Robert Nobel, Ludvig Nobel and Alfred Nobel. He was the only one of the Nobel family to go to college, going to the Swedish University of Uppsala. Emil died on September 3, 1864, the victim of an explosion while experimenting with nitroglycerine in his father's factory in Heleneborg, Stockholm. His brother Alfred later managed to stabilize dynamite with a diatomaceous earth called kieselguhr. Alfred was not in the factory at the time of Emil’s death.",
"title": "Emil Oskar Nobel"
},
{
"idx": 9,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Both countries established diplomatic relations in 1905, after Norway’s independence. During World War II, Norway was occupied by Nazi Germany, lasting from 1940 until 1945. Germany has an embassy in Oslo, and Norway has an embassy in Berlin and two consulates, in Düsseldorf and Hamburg.",
"title": "Germany–Norway relations"
},
{
"idx": 10,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Barbara Aland, née Ehlers (born 12 April 1937 in Hamburg, Germany) is a German theologian and was a Professor of New Testament Research and Church History at Westphalian Wilhelms-University of Münster until 2002.",
"title": "Barbara Aland"
},
{
"idx": 11,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Fritz Emil Irrgang (born May 10, 1890 in Linderode – died December 16, 1951 in Northeim) was a German politician and member of the Nazi Party and the \"Sturmabteilung\" (SA).",
"title": "Fritz Emil Irrgang"
},
{
"idx": 12,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Emil of Lönneberga (from Swedish: Emil i Lönneberga) is a series of children's novels by Astrid Lindgren. The twelve books were written between 1963 and 1997. Emil, the title character, is a prankster who lives on a farm in the Lönneberga village of Småland, Sweden.",
"title": "Emil i Lönneberga"
},
{
"idx": 13,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Finally, Mowgli stumbles across the village where his adopted human mother (Messua), is now living, which forces him to come to terms with his humanity and decide whether to rejoin his fellow humans in ``The Spring Running ''.",
"title": "Mowgli"
},
{
"idx": 14,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Nigerian passports can be applied for either at the physical location of the Nigeria Immigration Services, or by making submission through its website. Nigerians living in other countries may obtain passports through the nearest Nigerian embassy or consulate.",
"title": "Nigerian passport"
},
{
"idx": 15,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "On December 29, 2015, several days after a Guns N 'Roses related teaser was released to movie theaters, Billboard reported that Slash was set to rejoin the band and a ``reunited ''lineup will headline Coachella 2016. Rose was set to appear on Jimmy Kimmel Live! the following week to talk about the future of the band, but his appearance was cancelled due to`` unforeseen circumstances''. Guns N' Roses was officially announced as the headliner of Coachella on January 4, 2016, with KROQ reporting Slash and Duff McKagan are rejoining the band. The Coachella festival confirmed via press release that McKagan and Slash were rejoining. The band's first scheduled concerts with Slash and McKagan took place at the newly opened T - Mobile Arena on April 8 and 9, 2016. On March 25, 2016, the band announced 21 cities as part of a North American tour, dubbed the Not in This Lifetime... Tour. Additional legs of the tour were added for Latin America, Asia and Oceania through 2017. Later on, a second North American Leg was added for 2017.",
"title": "Guns N' Roses"
},
{
"idx": 16,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "The Embassy of Armenia in London is the diplomatic mission of Armenia in the United Kingdom. Diplomatic relations between the two countries were established in 1992.",
"title": "Embassy of Armenia, London"
},
{
"idx": 17,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Piazza di Spagna, at the bottom of the Spanish Steps, is one of the most famous squares in Rome (Italy). It owes its name to the Palazzo di Spagna, seat of the Embassy of Spain among the Holy See. Nearby is the famed Column of the Immaculate Conception of the Blessed Virgin Mary.",
"title": "Piazza di Spagna"
},
{
"idx": 18,
"is_supporting": true,
"paragraph_text": "The Embassy of France in Stockholm is the diplomatic mission of the French Republic in Sweden. The chancery is located at Kommendörsgatan 13.",
"title": "Embassy of France, Stockholm"
},
{
"idx": 19,
"is_supporting": true,
"paragraph_text": "Emil Forselius was found dead in his apartment in Stockholm on 2 March, 2010. The cause of death was suicide. He had left a farewell letter. Forselius had suffered from severe depression for some time.",
"title": "Emil Forselius"
}
],
"question": "When did Alanders go back to the country where the Embassy of France is located in the city Emil forselius died?",
"question_decomposition": [
{
"answer": "Stockholm",
"id": 146755,
"paragraph_support_idx": 19,
"question": "What city did Emil Forselius live when he died?"
},
{
"answer": "Sweden",
"id": 548045,
"paragraph_support_idx": 18,
"question": "Embassy of France, #1 >> country"
},
{
"answer": "December 1917",
"id": 159613,
"paragraph_support_idx": 4,
"question": "When did Alanders rejoin #2 ?"
}
]
} |
3hop1__788095_355553_476740 | What is the country of citizenship of the person who is part of the band that performed Guardians of the Flame? | America | [
"America",
"United States",
"US"
] | {
"answer": "America",
"answer_aliases": [
"United States",
"US"
],
"answerable": true,
"id": "3hop1__788095_355553_476740",
"paragraphs": [
{
"idx": 0,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "\"New York, New York\" is a song written and performed by American alt-country musician Ryan Adams. It appeared on his 2001 album \"Gold\". The song earned Adams a Grammy Award nomination for Best Male Rock Vocal, and the single reached #53 in the UK charts in December 2001. In 2009, the song was included in \"The Guardian\"s \"1000 Songs Everyone Must Hear\".",
"title": "New York, New York (Ryan Adams song)"
},
{
"idx": 1,
"is_supporting": true,
"paragraph_text": "Guardians of the Flame is the second album from New York power metal band Virgin Steele, released in 1983 by Music for Nations. Sanctuary reissued the album in 2002 with songs previously released in the EP \"Wait for the Night\", a live recording, and an interview with the band.",
"title": "Guardians of the Flame (album)"
},
{
"idx": 2,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Down in Flames is a computer video game for Microsoft Windows, developed by American studio Dan Verssen Games and published by Battlefront.com in 2005. Closely based on a card-driven tabletop game of the same name, Down in Flames is a turn-based simulation of dogfights between World War II fighter planes. Some parts of the game also involve escorting and intercepting bombers.",
"title": "Down in Flames (video game)"
},
{
"idx": 3,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Chris Pine as Jack Frost, the spirit of winter. Jack Frost is a teenage hellion who enjoys creating mischief and has no interest in being bound by rules or obligations; he just wants to spread his winter magic for the sake of fun, but also wants to be believed in. At the end of the film, Jack becomes the Guardian of Fun. Jude Law as Pitch Black (The Boogeyman), the essence of fear and the Nightmare King. Alec Baldwin as North (Santa Claus), the leader of the guardians, and the Guardian of Wonder. He lives at the North Pole in his Ice Castle and is served by loyal North Pole natives, the Yetis (who built the castle and workshop) and the Christmas Elves. He carries a Russian accent / culture persona. Hugh Jackman as Bunnymund (Easter Bunny), the fabled keeper and bringer of Easter eggs and the Guardian of Hope. He has an Australian accent. Isla Fisher as Tooth Fairy, or Tooth for short, the mythical tooth collector and the Guardian of Memories. Tooth is part human and part hummingbird. Assisted by mini fairies that are split - off extensions of herself, she collects the children's teeth, which hold their most precious memories. Tooth stores them in her palace and returns memories when they are needed the most. ''The Sandman, or Sandy for short, the Guardian of Dreams is the oldest of the Guardians and the first Guardian chosen by Man in the Moon. He does not speak, but communicates through sand images that he conjures above his head. Dakota Goyo as Jamie Bennett, a child who has not given up on believing in the Guardians. Georgie Grieve as Sophie Bennett, Jamie's little sister Dominique Grund as Cupcake Olivia Mattingly as Pippa",
"title": "Rise of the Guardians"
},
{
"idx": 4,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "The team was founded in 1972 in Atlanta as the Atlanta Flames until relocating to Calgary in 1980. The Flames played their first three seasons in Calgary at the Stampede Corral before moving into their current home arena, the Scotiabank Saddledome (originally known as the Olympic Saddledome), in 1983. In 1985 -- 86, the Flames became the first Calgary team since the 1923 -- 24 Tigers to compete for the Stanley Cup. In 1988 -- 89, the Flames won their first and only championship. The Flames' unexpected run to the 2004 Stanley Cup Finals gave rise to the Red Mile, and in 2011 the team hosted and won the second Heritage Classic outdoor game.",
"title": "Calgary Flames"
},
{
"idx": 5,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Albano Carrisi (Italian: [alˈbaːno karˈriːzi]; born 20 May 1943), better known as Al Bano, is an Italian recording artist, actor, and winemaker. In 2016, he was awarded Albanian citizenship due to his close ties with the country.",
"title": "Albano Carrisi"
},
{
"idx": 6,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Chris Pine as Jack Frost, the spirit of winter. Jack Frost is a teenage hellion who enjoys creating mischief and has no interest in being bound by rules or obligations; he just wants to spread his winter magic for the sake of fun, but also wants to be believed in. At the end of the film, Jack becomes the Guardian of Fun. Jude Law as Pitch Black (The Boogeyman), the essence of fear and the Nightmare King. Alec Baldwin as North (Santa Claus), the leader of the guardians, and the Guardian of Wonder. He lives at the North Pole in his Ice Castle and is served by loyal North Pole natives, the Yetis (who built the castle and workshop) and the Christmas Elves. He carries a Russian accent / culture persona. Hugh Jackman as Bunnymund (Easter Bunny), the fabled keeper and bringer of Easter eggs and the Guardian of Hope. He has an Australian accent. Isla Fisher as Tooth Fairy or Tooth for short, the mythical tooth collector and the Guardian of Memories. Tooth is part human and part hummingbird. Assisted by mini fairies that are split - off extensions of herself, she collects the children's teeth, which hold their most precious memories. Tooth stores them in her palace and returns memories when they are needed the most. ''The Sandman, or Sandy for short, the Guardian of Dreams is the oldest of the Guardians and the first Guardian chosen by Man in the Moon. He does not speak, but communicates through sand images that he conjures above his head. Dakota Goyo as Jamie Bennett, a child who has not given up on believing in the Guardians. Georgie Grieve as Sophie Bennett, Jamie's little sister Dominique Grund as Cupcake Olivia Mattingly as Pippa",
"title": "Rise of the Guardians"
},
{
"idx": 7,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Marcus Siepen (born September 8, 1968 in Krefeld, Germany) is a German guitarist and backing vocalist, most known for being the rhythm guitarist of power metal band Blind Guardian. For the biggest percentage of Blind Guardian's songs, particularly in more recent years, he has almost strictly played rhythm guitar, with most lead and solo work being performed by André Olbrich. He has also been part of the band Sinbreed and live member of Demons & Wizards.",
"title": "Marcus Siepen"
},
{
"idx": 8,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "\"What Can Do with My Heart \" is a song recorded by American country music artist Juice Newton. It was released in December 1986 as the fifth single from the album \"Old Flame\". The song reached #9 on the \"Billboard\" Hot Country Singles & Tracks chart. Notably, the song was written by Newton's long-time musical partner Otha Young, who also penned Newton's first number-one country hit, \"The Sweetest Thing (I've Ever Known)\".",
"title": "What Can I Do with My Heart"
},
{
"idx": 9,
"is_supporting": true,
"paragraph_text": "As with the previous effort, several heavy metal singers were invited to play the characters of the story of the album, with female vocalist Elize Ryd of Amaranthe reprising her role and Floor Jansen (Nightwish, ReVamp) playing the main character. The rest of the cast includes Fabio Lione (Rhapsody of Fire, Angra), David DeFeis (Virgin Steele), Simone Simons (Epica), Caterina Nix (solo Chilean singer who is having her debut album produced by Timo Tolkki) and Zachary Stevens (ex-Savatage, Circle II Circle).",
"title": "Angels of the Apocalypse"
},
{
"idx": 10,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Josh Brolin appears as Thanos in the 2014 film Guardians of the Galaxy. He tries to use Ronan the Accuser to obtain an Infinity Stone. The film also introduces him as the adoptive father of Gamora and Nebula. Sean Gunn stood in for Thanos on set, while Brolin provided the performance capture of the character. Thanos was originally going to have a larger role in Guardians of the Galaxy, but Joss Whedon felt that the character needed to be threaded more gently.",
"title": "Thanos"
},
{
"idx": 11,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Telman Mardanovich Ismailov (, ; born 26 October 1956) is an Azerbaijani-born businessman and entrepreneur of Mountain Jew origin. Since Azerbaijan does not allow dual citizenship, he holds Russian-Turkish citizenship. He is the chairman of the Russian AST Group of companies, which is active in many countries. Until 2009, Ismailov owned the Europe's then-largest marketplace, Cherkizovsky Market, located in Moscow, Russia.",
"title": "Telman Ismailov"
},
{
"idx": 12,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "A sequel, Guardians of the Galaxy Vol. 2, was released on May 5, 2017, with a third film, Guardians of the Galaxy Vol. 3, scheduled to be released in 2020.",
"title": "Guardians of the Galaxy (film)"
},
{
"idx": 13,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "The reference to naturalization in the Citizenship Clause is to the process by which immigrants are granted United States citizenship. Congress has power in relation to naturalization under the Naturalization Clause in Article I, Section 8, Clause 4 of the Constitution.",
"title": "Citizenship Clause"
},
{
"idx": 14,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "The drinking age in Wisconsin is 21. Those under the legal drinking age may be served, possess, or consume alcohol if they are with a parent, legal guardian, or spouse who is of legal drinking age. Those age 18 - 20 may also be served, possess or consume alcohol if they are with a parent, legal guardian, or spouse who is of legal drinking age. Those age 18 to 20 may also possess (but not consume) alcohol as part of their employment.",
"title": "Alcohol laws of Wisconsin"
},
{
"idx": 15,
"is_supporting": true,
"paragraph_text": "David DeFeis (born January 4, 1961) is an American singer, keyboard player, songwriter and producer. He is the main composer and leader of the heavy metal band Virgin Steele.",
"title": "David DeFeis"
},
{
"idx": 16,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Errol Osbourne Nolan II (born August 18, 1991) is an American born sprinter of Jamaican descent who holds dual citizenship with both countries. He now competes for Jamaica as of 2012. He specialises in the 200 and 400 metres.",
"title": "Errol Nolan"
},
{
"idx": 17,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "The character was reintroduced as a heroic, noble being in 2006, and appeared in the crossover comic book storyline ``Annihilation: Conquest ''. Groot went on to star in its spin - off series, Guardians of the Galaxy, joining the team of the same name. Groot has been featured in a variety of associated Marvel merchandise, including animated television series, toys and trading cards. Vin Diesel voices Groot in the 2014 film Guardians of the Galaxy, its 2017 sequel, Guardians of the Galaxy Vol. 2 and reprised the role in the 2018 film Avengers: Infinity War while Krystian Godlewski played the character via performance capture in the first film. Since his film premiere and animated series debut, Groot has become a pop culture icon, with his repeated line`` I am Groot'' becoming an internet meme.",
"title": "Groot"
},
{
"idx": 18,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Old Flames is an album by jazz saxophonist Sonny Rollins, released on the Milestone label in 1993, featuring performances by Rollins with Clifton Anderson, Tommy Flanagan, Bob Cranshaw and Jack DeJohnette with Jon Faddis, Byron Stripling, Alex Brofsky and Bob Stewart added on two tracks which were arranged by Jimmy Heath.",
"title": "Old Flames"
},
{
"idx": 19,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "\"Old Flames Have New Names\" is a song written by Bobby Braddock and Rafe VanHoy, and recorded by American country music singer Mark Chesnutt. It was released in February 1992 and is one of his most well known songs. It was the leading single from Chesnutt's second album \"Longnecks & Short Stories\".",
"title": "Old Flames Have New Names"
}
],
"question": "What is the country of citizenship of the person who is part of the band that performed Guardians of the Flame?",
"question_decomposition": [
{
"answer": "Virgin Steele",
"id": 788095,
"paragraph_support_idx": 1,
"question": "Guardians of the Flame >> performer"
},
{
"answer": "David DeFeis",
"id": 355553,
"paragraph_support_idx": 9,
"question": "#1 >> has part"
},
{
"answer": "America",
"id": 476740,
"paragraph_support_idx": 15,
"question": "#2 >> country of citizenship"
}
]
} |
2hop__251005_119986 | When was the Commander-in-Chief position abolished in the city that held the Tricorn Centre? | 1969 | [
"1969"
] | {
"answer": "1969",
"answer_aliases": [],
"answerable": true,
"id": "2hop__251005_119986",
"paragraphs": [
{
"idx": 0,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Admiral Thomas Joseph Lopez is a retired United States Navy four-star admiral who served as Commander in Chief, U.S. Naval Forces Europe/Commander in Chief, Allied Forces Southern Europe (CINCUSNAVEUR/CINCSOUTH) from 1996 to 1998.",
"title": "Thomas J. Lopez"
},
{
"idx": 1,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Pramono Edhie Wibowo (born 5 May 1955 in Magelang) is a former Chief of Staff of the Indonesian Army from 31 June 2011 until 20 May 2013. He is the brother-in-law of former Indonesian president, Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono. Before becoming Indonesian Army Chief of Staff, he was Commander of Army Strategic Command (Kostrad) (Pangkostrad), Commanding General of the Special Forces Command (Danjen Kopassus), Commander of the Military Territory III/Siliwangi, Chief of Staff of the Military Territory IV/Diponegoro, as well as Personal Aide of former Indonesian President, Megawati Soekarnoputri.",
"title": "Pramono Edhie Wibowo"
},
{
"idx": 2,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Arnold Webb Braswell (born October 3, 1925) is a retired American Air Force lieutenant general and command pilot who was commander in chief of Pacific Air Forces, with headquarters at Hickam Air Force Base in Hawaii. His command comprised more than 34,000 Air Force operational and support personnel stationed at eight major bases and more than 87 facilities principally located in Japan, South Korea, the Philippines, and Hawaii.",
"title": "Arnold W. Braswell"
},
{
"idx": 3,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Paul David Miller (born December 1, 1941) is a retired admiral in the United States Navy. His last duty in the Navy was to serve as Commander-in-Chief, of the U.S. Atlantic Command.",
"title": "Paul David Miller"
},
{
"idx": 4,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "In 1969, the title of the army command was changed from ``Commander - in - Chief ''to`` Chief of Staff'' with President Yahya Khan acting as Commander - in - Chief and General A.H. Khan as Chief of Staff. On 20 March 1972, the post was renamed as ``Chief of Army Staff ''(COAS) with Lieutenant - General Tikka Khan elevated to four star rank to be appointed as army's first chief of army staff.",
"title": "Chief of Army Staff (Pakistan)"
},
{
"idx": 5,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Maung Aye graduated from the Defence Services Academy in Pyin U Lwin with a Bachelor of Science degree in 1959. In 1968, he became commander of the Northeast Region. In 1988, he became commander of the Eastern Region. Two years later he was promoted to major-general. In 1992 he was made Army Chief. In 1993 he was named Lieutenant General and the Deputy Commander in Chief of Defense Services. In 1994 he was appointed Deputy Chairman of SLORC, and subsequently held the same position in the SPDC.",
"title": "Maung Aye"
},
{
"idx": 6,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Kaunas County () is one of ten counties of Lithuania. It is in the centre of the country, and its capital is Kaunas. On 1 July 2010, the county administration was abolished .",
"title": "Kaunas County"
},
{
"idx": 7,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Frank Vargas Pazzos (born July 15, 1934 in Chone) was a commander of the Ecuadorian Air Force (FAE) and Chief of the Joint Armed Forces Command of Ecuador.",
"title": "Frank Vargas Pazzos"
},
{
"idx": 8,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "In 1966, a report by the Administrative Reforms Commission recommended the setting up of Lokpal at the federal level and Lokayukta in the states, for the redressal of citizen's grievances. Therefore, Maharashtra established its Lokayukta in 1971.   The Lokayukta Ordinance Act 1979, was excercised by D. Devaraj Urs, then Chief Minister of Karnataka, and the first Lokayukta to be appointed was then retired Chief Justice of Rajasthan High court, Justice C. Honniah. The same institution was abolished when R. Gundu Rao became the chief minister of Karnataka, after the demise of D. Devaraj Urs. The institution was again re introduced after Ramakrishna Hegde, became then Chief Minister of Karnataka, and introduced the Lokayukta and Upa Lokayukta Bill in the assembly as their 1983 election promise. It came into force through the Karnataka Lokayukta Act, 1984. Then, Mysore State Vigilance Commission which formed in 1965 to investigate corruption cases in the state was abolished. The pending cases before the commission was transferred to the newly formed Lokayukta. It had two jurisdictions: to investigate corruption and to probe government inaction.",
"title": "Karnataka Lokayukta"
},
{
"idx": 9,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Emperor Hirohito: supreme Commander in Chief of Armed Imperial Forces, head of state, and representative of the ``Imperial Sun Lineage '', State Shinto and Worship national god image, and chief of the Imperial Household Ministry.",
"title": "List of Japanese government and military commanders of World War II"
},
{
"idx": 10,
"is_supporting": true,
"paragraph_text": "The Tricorn Centre was a shopping, nightclub and car park complex in Portsmouth, Hampshire, England. It was designed in the Brutalist style by Owen Luder and Rodney Gordon and took its name from the site's shape which from the air resembled a tricorn hat. Constructed in the mid-1960s, it was demolished in 2004. It was home to one of the first Virgin Megastores and housed the largest Laser Quest arena in Europe.",
"title": "Tricorn Centre"
},
{
"idx": 11,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Mihail Camarasu (born 1892, died 1962) was a Romanian Lieutenant-General during World War II. He served as Chief of Staff VII Corps in 1940, and in 1943 went from Commanding Officer Infantry 18th Mountain Division to General Officer Commanding 103rd Mountain Command. In 1944, he was Romanian Liaison Officer to XVII German Army Corps, Chief Prisoner of War Section General Staff, and General Officer Commanding 10th Division. From 1945 to 1948, he was Deputy General Officer Commanding of first the 5th Corps Area, and then the 3rd Military Region. He retired in 1948.",
"title": "Mihail Cămărașu"
},
{
"idx": 12,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Chris Pine as Captain James T. Kirk, commanding officer of the starship Enterprise Zachary Quinto as Commander Spock, first officer and science officer Benedict Cumberbatch as John Harrison / Khan, a superhuman genetically engineered during the Eugenics Wars Simon Pegg as Lieutenant Commander Montgomery ``Scotty ''Scott, second officer and chief engineer Karl Urban as Lieutenant Commander Leonard`` Bones'' McCoy M.D., chief medical officer Zoe Saldana as Lieutenant Nyota Uhura, communications officer Alice Eve as Lieutenant Carol Marcus, a science officer who uses the pseudonym ``Carol Wallace ''to board Enterprise John Cho as Lieutenant Hikaru Sulu, third officer and helmsman Peter Weller as Fleet Admiral Alexander Marcus, Carol's father, commander - in - chief of Starfleet, and a secret warmonger Anton Yelchin as Ensign Pavel Chekov, navigator and Scott's temporary replacement as chief engineer Bruce Greenwood as Admiral Christopher Pike, Kirk's mentor and previous captain of Enterprise",
"title": "Star Trek Into Darkness"
},
{
"idx": 13,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "General of Army of Ukraine Serhiy Kirichenko (born May 4, 1952) was the 9th Chief of the General Staff and Commander-in-Chief of the Armed Forces of Ukraine.",
"title": "Serhiy Kirichenko"
},
{
"idx": 14,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "The President of the United States is, according to the Constitution, the Commander - in - Chief of the U.S. Armed Forces and Chief Executive of the Federal Government. The Secretary of Defense is the ``Principal Assistant to the President in all matters relating to the Department of Defense '', and is vested with statutory authority (10 U.S.C. § 113) to lead the Department and all of its component agencies, including military command authority second only to the President.",
"title": "Organizational structure of the United States Department of Defense"
},
{
"idx": 15,
"is_supporting": true,
"paragraph_text": "The post of Commander-in-Chief, Portsmouth was merged with that of Commander-in-Chief, Plymouth in 1969 to form the post of Commander-in-Chief, Naval Home Command. The posts of Second Sea Lord and Commander-in-Chief Naval Home Command were amalgamated in 1994 following the rationalisation of the British Armed Forces following the end of the Cold War. In 2012, however, all distinct Commander-in-Chief appointments were discontinued, with full operational command being vested instead in the First Sea Lord; he now flies his flag from HMS \"Victory\".",
"title": "Commander-in-Chief, Portsmouth"
},
{
"idx": 16,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "The current Chief of the Defence Staff, the professional head of the British Armed Forces, is General Sir Nicholas Houghton, late Green Howards. He is supported by the Vice Chief of the Defence Staff, by the professional heads of the three services of HM Armed Forces and by the Commander of Joint Forces Command.",
"title": "Ministry of Defence (United Kingdom)"
},
{
"idx": 17,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Position Photo Incumbent Army staff Chief of Staff of the Army (CSA) GEN Mark A. Milley Vice Chief of Staff of the Army (VCSA) GEN James C. McConville Army commands Commanding General, U.S. Army Forces Command (FORSCOM) GEN Robert B. Abrams Commanding General, U.S. Army Materiel Command (AMC) GEN Gustave F. Perna Commanding General, U.S. Army Pacific (USARPAC) GEN Robert B. Brown Commanding General, U.S. Army Training and Doctrine Command (TRADOC) GEN David G. Perkins",
"title": "List of active duty United States four-star officers"
},
{
"idx": 18,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Falkenhof Glacier () is a tributary glacier long, flowing west from the vicinity of Tricorn Mountain to enter Snakeskin Glacier northwest of Mount Clarke, Antarctica. It was named by the Advisory Committee on Antarctic Names for Jack J. Falkenhof, a United States Antarctic Research Program meteorologist at South Pole Station, 1963.",
"title": "Falkenhof Glacier"
},
{
"idx": 19,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Admiral Lynde Dupuy McCormick (August 12, 1895 – August 16, 1956) was a four-star admiral in the United States Navy who served as vice chief of naval operations from 1950 to 1951 and as commander in chief of the United States Atlantic Fleet from 1951 to 1954, and was the first supreme allied commander of all NATO forces in the Atlantic.",
"title": "Lynde D. McCormick"
}
],
"question": "When was the Commander-in-Chief position abolished in the city that held the Tricorn Centre?",
"question_decomposition": [
{
"answer": "Portsmouth",
"id": 251005,
"paragraph_support_idx": 10,
"question": "Tricorn Centre >> location"
},
{
"answer": "1969",
"id": 119986,
"paragraph_support_idx": 15,
"question": "When was Commander-in-Chief, #1 abolished?"
}
]
} |
4hop1__524030_829000_51791_85837 | when did US and UK invade the country that seized Libya in 1911 from the empire that used to rule where Rila is today? | 3 September 1943 | [
"3 September 1943"
] | {
"answer": "3 September 1943",
"answer_aliases": [],
"answerable": true,
"id": "4hop1__524030_829000_51791_85837",
"paragraphs": [
{
"idx": 0,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Now with NATO support in the form of air cover, the rebel militia pushed westward, defeating loyalist armies and securing control of the centre of the country. Gaining the support of Amazigh (Berber) communities of the Nafusa Mountains, who had long been persecuted as non-Arabic speakers under Gaddafi, the NTC armies surrounded Gaddafi loyalists in several key areas of western Libya. In August, the rebels seized Zliten and Tripoli, ending the last vestiges of Gaddafist power. On 25 August, the Arab League recognised the NTC to be \"the legitimate representative of the Libyan state\", on which basis Libya would resume its membership in the League.",
"title": "Muammar Gaddafi"
},
{
"idx": 1,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "The Battle of Lepanto was a naval engagement that took place on 7 October 1571 when a fleet of the Holy League, of which the Venetian Empire and the Spanish Empire were the main powers, inflicted a major defeat on the fleet of the Ottoman Empire in the Gulf of Patras, where Ottoman forces sailing westward from their naval station in Lepanto (the Venetian name of ancient Naupactus Ναύπακτος, Ottoman İnebahtı) met the fleet of the Holy League sailing east from Messina, Sicily. The Holy League was a coalition of European Catholic maritime states arranged by Pope Pius V and led by Adm. John of Austria, as agreed between Philip II of Spain -- who largely financed the League -- and the Venetian Republic (main contributor of ships).",
"title": "Battle of Lepanto"
},
{
"idx": 2,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "The Kansas Museum of History in Topeka, Kansas, USA, is the state history museum. It presents Kansas history from the prehistoric to modern eras in of exhibits. The galleries feature a train (Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fe locomotive with two cars), full-sized tipi in the Southern Cheyenne style, a 1950s diner, and many other large features. Major topics covered in the main gallery include Native American tribal history, westward movement on the Oregon and Santa Fe trails, early settlers, the Bleeding Kansas and Civil War eras, and Populism at the turn of the 20th century.",
"title": "Kansas Museum of History"
},
{
"idx": 3,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "William Pitt, who entered the cabinet in 1756, had a grand vision for the war that made it entirely different from previous wars with France. As prime minister Pitt committed Britain to a grand strategy of seizing the entire French Empire, especially its possessions in North America and India. Britain's main weapon was the Royal Navy, which could control the seas and bring as many invasion troops as were needed. He also planned to use colonial forces from the Thirteen American colonies, working under the command of British regulars, to invade new France. In order to tie the French army down he subsidized his European allies. Pitt Head of the government from 1756 to 1761, and even after that the British continued his strategy. It proved completely successful. Pitt had a clear appreciation of the enormous value of imperial possessions, and realized how vulnerable was the French Empire.",
"title": "Northern Seven Years' War"
},
{
"idx": 4,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Frederick II of Prussia had received reports of the clashes in North America and had formed an alliance with Great Britain. On 29 August 1756, he led Prussian troops across the border of Saxony, one of the small German states in league with Austria. He intended this as a bold pre-emption of an anticipated Austro-French invasion of Silesia. He had three goals in his new war on Austria. First, he would seize Saxony and eliminate it as a threat to Prussia, then using the Saxon army and treasury to aid the Prussian war effort. His second goal was to advance into Bohemia where he might set up winter quarters at Austria's expense. Thirdly, he wanted to invade Moravia from Silesia, seize the fortress at Olmütz, and advance on Vienna to force an end to the war.",
"title": "Northern Seven Years' War"
},
{
"idx": 5,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Theodorus Maurita Frenkel (14 July 1871 – 20 September 1956) was a Dutch film director, actor and screenwriter of the silent era. He worked in Britain under the name Theo Bouwmeester, using the surname of his renowned mother and uncle (both accomplished actors), before working in Germany in 1913 and 1914 and then returning to the Netherlands, a neutral country, before World War I. He directed 214 films between 1908 and 1928. He also appeared in 21 films between 1911 and 1948. His nephew Theo Frenkel Jr. (1893–1955) was a film actor.",
"title": "Theo Frenkel"
},
{
"idx": 6,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "The Seven Years' War was fought between 1755 and 1764, the main conflict occurring in the seven-year period from 1756 to 1763. It involved every great power of the time except the Ottoman Empire, and affected Europe, the Americas, West Africa, India, and the Philippines. Considered a prelude to the two world wars and the greatest European war since the Thirty Years War of the 17th century, it once again split Europe into two coalitions, led by Great Britain on one side and France on the other. For the first time, aiming to curtail Britain and Prussia's ever-growing might, France formed a grand coalition of its own, which ended with failure as Britain rose as the world's predominant power, altering the European balance of power.",
"title": "Northern Seven Years' War"
},
{
"idx": 7,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "As the Ottoman state attempted to modernize its infrastructure and army in response to threats from the outside, it also opened itself up to a different kind of threat: that of creditors. Indeed, as the historian Eugene Rogan has written, \"the single greatest threat to the independence of the Middle East\" in the nineteenth century \"was not the armies of Europe but its banks.\" The Ottoman state, which had begun taking on debt with the Crimean War, was forced to declare bankruptcy in 1875. By 1881, the Ottoman Empire agreed to have its debt controlled by an institution known as the Ottoman Public Debt Administration, a council of European men with presidency alternating between France and Britain. The body controlled swaths of the Ottoman economy, and used its position to insure that European capital continued to penetrate the empire, often to the detriment of local Ottoman interests.",
"title": "Ottoman Empire"
},
{
"idx": 8,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Libya (; ; ), officially the State of Libya, is a country in the Maghreb region in North Africa, bordered by the Mediterranean Sea to the north, Egypt to the east, Sudan to the southeast, Chad to the south, Niger to the southwest, Algeria to the west, and Tunisia to the northwest. The sovereign state is made of three historical regions: Tripolitania, Fezzan and Cyrenaica. With an area of almost , Libya is the fourth largest country in Africa, and is the 16th largest country in the world. Libya has the 10th-largest proven oil reserves of any country in the world. The largest city and capital, Tripoli, is located in western Libya and contains over one million of Libya's six million people. The second-largest city is Benghazi, which is located in eastern Libya.",
"title": "Libya"
},
{
"idx": 9,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "The Gilded Age in United States history is the late 19th century, from the 1870s to about 1900. The term for this period came into use in the 1920s and 1930s and was derived from writer Mark Twain's and Charles Dudley Warner's 1873 novel The Gilded Age: A Tale of Today, which satirized an era of serious social problems masked by a thin gold gilding. The early half of the Gilded Age roughly coincided with the middle portion of the Victorian era in Britain and the Belle Époque in France. Its beginning in the years after the American Civil War overlaps the Reconstruction Era (which ended in 1877). It was followed in the 1890s by the Progressive Era.",
"title": "Gilded Age"
},
{
"idx": 10,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "This is a summary history of diplomatic relations of the United States listed by country. The history of diplomatic relations of the United States began with the appointment of Benjamin Franklin as U.S. Minister to France in 1778, even before the U.S. had won its independence from Great Britain in 1783.",
"title": "History of United States diplomatic relations by country"
},
{
"idx": 11,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "During the 19th century, Britain and the Russian Empire vied to fill the power vacuums that had been left by the declining Ottoman Empire, Qajar dynasty and Qing Dynasty. This rivalry in Eurasia came to be known as the \"Great Game\". As far as Britain was concerned, defeats inflicted by Russia on Persia and Turkey demonstrated its imperial ambitions and capabilities and stoked fears in Britain of an overland invasion of India. In 1839, Britain moved to pre-empt this by invading Afghanistan, but the First Anglo-Afghan War was a disaster for Britain.",
"title": "British Empire"
},
{
"idx": 12,
"is_supporting": true,
"paragraph_text": "Rila (, pronounced ) is a town in southwestern Bulgaria, in Rila Municipality, part of Kyustendil Province. It is the administrative centre of Rila Municipality, which lies in the southeastern part of Kyustendil Province.",
"title": "Rila, Bulgaria"
},
{
"idx": 13,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "After Cassander's death in 298 BCE, however, Demetrius, who still maintained a sizable loyal army and fleet, invaded Macedon, seized the Macedonian throne (294) and conquered Thessaly and most of central Greece (293-291). He was defeated in 288 BC when Lysimachus of Thrace and Pyrrhus of Epirus invaded Macedon on two fronts, and quickly carved up the kingdom for themselves. Demetrius fled to central Greece with his mercenaries and began to build support there and in the northern Peloponnese. He once again laid siege to Athens after they turned on him, but then struck a treaty with the Athenians and Ptolemy, which allowed him to cross over to Asia minor and wage war on Lysimachus' holdings in Ionia, leaving his son Antigonus Gonatas in Greece. After initial successes, he was forced to surrender to Seleucus in 285 and later died in captivity. Lysimachus, who had seized Macedon and Thessaly for himself, was forced into war when Seleucus invaded his territories in Asia minor and was defeated and killed in 281 BCE at the Battle of Corupedium, near Sardis. Seleucus then attempted to conquer Lysimachus' European territories in Thrace and Macedon, but he was assassinated by Ptolemy Ceraunus (\"the thunderbolt\"), who had taken refuge at the Seleucid court and then had himself acclaimed as king of Macedon. Ptolemy was killed when Macedon was invaded by Gauls in 279, his head stuck on a spear and the country fell into anarchy. Antigonus II Gonatas invaded Thrace in the summer of 277 and defeated a large force of 18,000 Gauls. He was quickly hailed as king of Macedon and went on to rule for 35 years.",
"title": "Hellenistic period"
},
{
"idx": 14,
"is_supporting": true,
"paragraph_text": "As a result of this conflict, the Ottoman Turks ceded the provinces of Tripolitania, Fezzan, and Cyrenaica to Italy. These provinces together formed what became known as Libya.",
"title": "Ottoman Tripolitania"
},
{
"idx": 15,
"is_supporting": true,
"paragraph_text": "The history of Ottoman Bulgaria spans nearly 500 years, from the conquest by the Ottoman Empire of the smaller kingdoms emerging from the disintegrating Second Bulgarian Empire in the late 14th century, to the Liberation of Bulgaria in 1878. As a result of the Russo-Turkish War (1877–1878), the Principality of Bulgaria, a self-governing Ottoman vassal state that was functionally independent, was created. In 1885 the autonomous province of Eastern Rumelia came under the control of the Bulgarian Tsar. Bulgaria declared independence in 1908.",
"title": "Ottoman Bulgaria"
},
{
"idx": 16,
"is_supporting": true,
"paragraph_text": "The Allied invasion of Italy was the Allied amphibious landing on mainland Italy that took place on 3 September 1943 during the early stages of the Italian Campaign of World War II. The operation was undertaken by General Sir Harold Alexander's 15th Army Group (comprising General Mark W. Clark's Fifth Army and General Bernard Montgomery's British Eighth Army) and followed the successful invasion of Sicily. The main invasion force landed around Salerno on 9 September on the western coast in Operation Avalanche, while two supporting operations took place in Calabria (Operation Baytown) and Taranto (Operation Slapstick).",
"title": "Allied invasion of Italy"
},
{
"idx": 17,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "The 2014 European Cross Country Championships was the 21st edition of the cross country running competition for European athletes which was held in Samokov, Bulgaria, on 14 December 2014. The events were hosted at Borovets – a winter sports and ski resort in the Rila mountains.",
"title": "2014 European Cross Country Championships"
},
{
"idx": 18,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Britain's fears of war with Germany were realised in 1914 with the outbreak of the First World War. Britain quickly invaded and occupied most of Germany's overseas colonies in Africa. In the Pacific, Australia and New Zealand occupied German New Guinea and Samoa respectively. Plans for a post-war division of the Ottoman Empire, which had joined the war on Germany's side, were secretly drawn up by Britain and France under the 1916 Sykes–Picot Agreement. This agreement was not divulged to the Sharif of Mecca, who the British had been encouraging to launch an Arab revolt against their Ottoman rulers, giving the impression that Britain was supporting the creation of an independent Arab state.",
"title": "British Empire"
},
{
"idx": 19,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "The Serbian revolution (1804–1815) marked the beginning of an era of national awakening in the Balkans during the Eastern Question. Suzerainty of Serbia as a hereditary monarchy under its own dynasty was acknowledged de jure in 1830. In 1821, the Greeks declared war on the Sultan. A rebellion that originated in Moldavia as a diversion was followed by the main revolution in the Peloponnese, which, along with the northern part of the Gulf of Corinth, became the first parts of the Ottoman Empire to achieve independence (in 1829). By the mid-19th century, the Ottoman Empire was called the \"sick man\" by Europeans. The suzerain states – the Principality of Serbia, Wallachia, Moldavia and Montenegro – moved towards de jure independence during the 1860s and 1870s.",
"title": "Ottoman Empire"
}
],
"question": "when did US and UK invade the country that seized Libya in 1911 from the empire that used to rule where Rila is today?",
"question_decomposition": [
{
"answer": "Bulgaria",
"id": 524030,
"paragraph_support_idx": 12,
"question": "Rila >> country"
},
{
"answer": "Ottoman Empire",
"id": 829000,
"paragraph_support_idx": 15,
"question": "Ottoman era in the history of #1 >> main subject"
},
{
"answer": "Italy",
"id": 51791,
"paragraph_support_idx": 14,
"question": "which european state seized libya from #2 in 1911"
},
{
"answer": "3 September 1943",
"id": 85837,
"paragraph_support_idx": 16,
"question": "when did the us and britain invade #3"
}
]
} |
4hop1__104424_52584_71250_135051 | Who was the mother of the person under whom the empire that colonized Abdallah Gomaa's country in the 1st century BC reached its greatest extent? | Marcia | [
"Marcia"
] | {
"answer": "Marcia",
"answer_aliases": [],
"answerable": true,
"id": "4hop1__104424_52584_71250_135051",
"paragraphs": [
{
"idx": 0,
"is_supporting": true,
"paragraph_text": "The imperial period of Rome lasted approximately 1,500 years compared to the 500 years of the Republican era. The first two centuries of the empire's existence were a period of unprecedented political stability and prosperity known as the Pax Romana, or ``Roman Peace ''. Following Octavian's victory, the size of the empire was dramatically increased. After the assassination of Caligula in AD 41, the Senate briefly considered restoring the republic, but the Praetorian Guard proclaimed Claudius emperor instead. Under Claudius, the empire invaded Britannia, its first major expansion since Augustus. After Claudius' successor, Nero, committed suicide in AD 68, the empire suffered a series of brief civil wars, as well as a concurrent major rebellion in Judea, during which four different legionary generals were proclaimed emperor. Vespasian emerged triumphant in AD 69, establishing the Flavian dynasty, before being succeeded by his son Titus, who opened the Colosseum shortly after the eruption of Mount Vesuvius. His short reign was followed by the long reign of his brother Domitian, who was eventually assassinated. The Senate then appointed the first of the Five Good Emperors. The empire reached its greatest extent under Trajan, the second in this line.",
"title": "Roman Empire"
},
{
"idx": 1,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Armenia is a unitary, multi-party, democratic nation-state with an ancient cultural heritage. Urartu was established in 860 BC and by the 6th century BC it was replaced by the Satrapy of Armenia. In the 1st century BC the Kingdom of Armenia reached its height under Tigranes the Great. Armenia became the first state in the world to adopt Christianity as its official religion. In between the late 3rd century to early years of the 4th century, the state became the first Christian nation. The official date of state adoption of Christianity is 301 AD. The ancient Armenian kingdom was split between the Byzantine and Sasanian Empires around the early 5th century.",
"title": "Armenia"
},
{
"idx": 2,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "The Architecture of Argentina can be said to start at the beginning of the Spanish colonisation, though it was in the 18th century that the cities of the country reached their splendour. Cities like Córdoba, Salta, Mendoza, and also Buenos Aires conserved most their historical Spanish colonial architecture in spite of their urban growth.",
"title": "Architecture of Argentina"
},
{
"idx": 3,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Iran is home to one of the world's oldest civilizations, beginning with the formation of the Proto-Elamite and Elamite kingdoms in 3200–2800 BC. The Iranian Medes unified the area into the first of many empires in 625 BC, after which it became the dominant cultural and political power in the region. Iran reached the pinnacle of its power during the Achaemenid Empire founded by Cyrus the Great in 550 BC, which at its greatest extent comprised major portions of the ancient world, stretching from parts of the Balkans (Thrace-Macedonia, Bulgaria-Paeonia) and Eastern Europe proper in the west, to the Indus Valley in the east, making it the largest empire the world had yet seen. The empire collapsed in 330 BC following the conquests of Alexander the Great. The Parthian Empire emerged from the ashes and was succeeded by the Sassanid Dynasty in 224 AD, under which Iran again became one of the leading powers in the world, along with the Roman-Byzantine Empire, for a period of more than four centuries.",
"title": "Iran"
},
{
"idx": 4,
"is_supporting": true,
"paragraph_text": "Abdallah Gomaa (; born 10 January 1996) is an Egyptian professional footballer who plays for as a midfielder for Zamalek SC and the Egypt U-20. He is the younger brother of Saleh Gomaa the Egyptian international footballer.",
"title": "Abdallah Gomaa"
},
{
"idx": 5,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "By the early years of the 21st century, western clothing styles had, to some extent, become international styles. This process began hundreds of years earlier, during the periods of European colonialism. The process of cultural dissemination has perpetuated over the centuries as Western media corporations have penetrated markets throughout the world, spreading Western culture and styles. Fast fashion clothing has also become a global phenomenon. These garments are less expensive, mass-produced Western clothing. Donated used clothing from Western countries are also delivered to people in poor countries by charity organizations.",
"title": "Clothing"
},
{
"idx": 6,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Lucius Aemilius Lepidus Paullus (flourished 1st century BC) was the brother of triumvir Marcus Aemilius Lepidus and son to Marcus Aemilius Lepidus the consul of 78 BC. His mother may have been a daughter of Lucius Appuleius Saturninus.",
"title": "Lucius Aemilius Lepidus Paullus"
},
{
"idx": 7,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Abd Al-Rahman bin Abdallah al Shashi () (b. 1829 - 1904), popularly known as Shaykh Sufi, was a 19th-century Somali scholar, poet, reformist and astrologist.",
"title": "Shaykh Sufi"
},
{
"idx": 8,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Marcus Antonius Creticus (flourished 1st century BC) was a Roman politician, member of the Antonius family. Creticus was the son of Marcus Antonius and, by his marriage to Julia Antonia, he had three sons: Marcus Antonius (the Triumvir), Gaius Antonius and Lucius Antonius.",
"title": "Marcus Antonius Creticus"
},
{
"idx": 9,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "The Maurya Empire (322–185 BCE) was the first empire to unify India into one state, and was the largest on the Indian subcontinent. At its greatest extent, the Mauryan Empire stretched to the north up to the natural boundaries of the Himalayas and to the east into what is now Assam. To the west, it reached beyond modern Pakistan, to the Hindu Kush mountains in what is now Afghanistan. The empire was established by Chandragupta Maurya in Magadha (in modern Bihar) when he overthrew the Nanda Dynasty. Chandragupta's son Bindusara succeeded to the throne around 297 BC. By the time he died in c. 272 BC, a large part of the subcontinent was under Mauryan suzerainty. However, the region of Kalinga (around modern day Odisha) remained outside Mauryan control, perhaps interfering with their trade with the south.",
"title": "History of India"
},
{
"idx": 10,
"is_supporting": true,
"paragraph_text": "Marcus Ulpius Traianus was born on 18 September 53AD in the Roman province of Hispania Baetica (in what is now Andalusia in modern Spain), in the city of Italica (now in the municipal area of Santiponce, in the outskirts of Seville). Although frequently designated the first provincial emperor, and dismissed by later writers such as Cassius Dio (himself of provincial origin) as \"an Iberian, and neither an Italian nor even an Italiot\", Trajan appears to have hailed on his father's side from the area of Tuder (modern Todi) in Umbria, at the border with Etruria, and on his mother's side from the Gens Marcia, of an Italic family of Sabine origin. Trajan's birthplace of Italica was founded as a Roman military colony of \"Italian\" settlers in 206BC, though it is unknown when the Ulpii arrived there. It is possible, but cannot be substantiated, that Trajan's ancestors married local women and lost their citizenship at some point, but they certainly recovered their status when the city became a municipium with Latin citizenship in the mid-1st century BC.",
"title": "Trajan"
},
{
"idx": 11,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "The first five books -- Genesis, Exodus, Leviticus, book of Numbers and Deuteronomy -- reached their present form in the Persian period (538 -- 332 BC), and their authors were the elite of exilic returnees who controlled the Temple at that time. The books of Joshua, Judges, Samuel and Kings follow, forming a history of Israel from the Conquest of Canaan to the Siege of Jerusalem c. 587 BC. There is a broad consensus among scholars that these originated as a single work (the so - called ``Deuteronomistic history '') during the Babylonian exile of the 6th century BC. The two Books of Chronicles cover much the same material as the Pentateuch and Deuteronomistic history and probably date from the 4th century BC. Chronicles, and Ezra -- Nehemiah, were probably finished during the 3rd century BC. Catholic and Orthodox Old Testaments contain two (Catholic Old Testament) to four (Orthodox) Books of Maccabees, written in the 2nd and 1st centuries BC.",
"title": "Old Testament"
},
{
"idx": 12,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Cleopatra's Daughter () is a 1960 historical drama film set in Egypt during the reign of the pharaoh Khufu (r. 2589-2566 BC). The film stars Debra Paget and was directed by Fernando Cerchio. For some reason, the English version was translated very differently from the original Italian script, setting the film in the 1st century BC, rather than the early Bronze Age.",
"title": "Cleopatra's Daughter"
},
{
"idx": 13,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Around the 1st century BC the Shadanga or Six Limbs of Indian Painting, were evolved, a series of canons laying down the main principles of the art. Vatsyayana, who lived during the third century A.D., enumerates these in his Kamasutra having extracted them from still more ancient works.",
"title": "Indian painting"
},
{
"idx": 14,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Kepoi or Cepoi (Ancient Greek: Κῆποι, Russian: Кепы) was an ancient Greek colony situated on the Taman peninsula, three kilometres to the east of Phanagoria, in the present-day Krasnodar Krai of Russia. The colony was established by the Milesians in the 6th century BC. In the Hellenistic period, it was controlled by the kings of the Cimmerian Bosporus, who (according to Aeschines) made a present of a place called \"the Gardens\" to Gylon, the grandfather of Demosthenes. The town reached its peak in the 1st centuries AD, but the Huns and Goths put an end to its prosperity in the 4th century. Soviet excavations, started in 1957, yielded rich finds, including a marble statue of a Greek goddess (\"Aphrodite of Taman\"). More than 400 burials were explored at Kepoi in the 1960s and 1970s; the rest of the site has been submerged by the Sea of Azov.",
"title": "Kepoi"
},
{
"idx": 15,
"is_supporting": true,
"paragraph_text": "In 332 BC, Macedonian ruler Alexander the Great conquered Egypt as he toppled the Achaemenids and established the Hellenistic Ptolemaic Kingdom, whose first ruler was one of Alexander's former generals, Ptolemy I Soter. The Ptolemies had to fight native rebellions and were involved in foreign and civil wars that led to the decline of the kingdom and its final annexation by Rome. The death of Cleopatra ended the nominal independence of Egypt resulting in Egypt becoming one of the provinces of the Roman Empire.",
"title": "History of Egypt"
},
{
"idx": 16,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Under the terms of the concluding Treaty of Versailles signed in 1919, the empire reached its greatest extent with the addition of 1,800,000 square miles (4,700,000 km2) and 13 million new subjects. The colonies of Germany and the Ottoman Empire were distributed to the Allied powers as League of Nations mandates. Britain gained control of Palestine, Transjordan, Iraq, parts of Cameroon and Togo, and Tanganyika. The Dominions themselves also acquired mandates of their own: the Union of South Africa gained South-West Africa (modern-day Namibia), Australia gained German New Guinea, and New Zealand Western Samoa. Nauru was made a combined mandate of Britain and the two Pacific Dominions.",
"title": "British Empire"
},
{
"idx": 17,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Olympias (, , c. 375–316 BC) was a daughter of king Neoptolemus I of Epirus, sister to Alexander I of Epirus, fourth wife of Philip II, the king of the ancient Greek kingdom of Macedonia, and mother of Alexander the Great. According to the 1st century AD biographer, Plutarch, she was a devout member of the orgiastic snake-worshiping cult of Dionysus, and he suggests that she slept with snakes in her bed.",
"title": "Olympias"
},
{
"idx": 18,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Mithridates II Antiochus Epiphanes Philorhomaeus Philhellen Monocrites (, died 20 BC), also known as Mithridates II of Commagene, was a man of Armenian and Greek descent who lived in the 1st century BC. He was a prince of Commagene and one of the sons of King Antiochus I Theos of Commagene and Queen Isias Philostorgos of Commagene. When his father died in 38 BC, he succeeded his father and reigned until his death.",
"title": "Mithridates II of Commagene"
},
{
"idx": 19,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "The name \"\" was taken from the Niger River running through the country. This name was coined in the late 19th century by British journalist Flora Shaw, who later married Lord Lugard, a British colonial administrator. The origin of the name \"Niger\", which originally applied only to the middle reaches of the Niger River, is uncertain. The word is likely an alteration of the Tuareg name \"egerew n-igerewen\" used by inhabitants along the middle reaches of the river around Timbuktu prior to 19th-century European colonialism.",
"title": "Nigeria"
}
],
"question": "Who was the mother of the person under whom the empire that colonized Abdallah Gomaa's country in the 1st century BC reached its greatest extent?",
"question_decomposition": [
{
"answer": "Egypt",
"id": 104424,
"paragraph_support_idx": 4,
"question": "Which country was Abdallah Gomaa in?"
},
{
"answer": "the Roman Empire",
"id": 52584,
"paragraph_support_idx": 15,
"question": "in the 1st century bc #1 became a colony of"
},
{
"answer": "under Trajan",
"id": 71250,
"paragraph_support_idx": 0,
"question": "when did #2 reach its greatest extent"
},
{
"answer": "Marcia",
"id": 135051,
"paragraph_support_idx": 10,
"question": "Who is #3 's mother?"
}
]
} |
2hop__143912_392890 | What record label does the performer of Sam's Place sign? | Capitol Records | [
"Capitol Records",
"Capitol"
] | {
"answer": "Capitol Records",
"answer_aliases": [
"Capitol"
],
"answerable": true,
"id": "2hop__143912_392890",
"paragraphs": [
{
"idx": 0,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Fly with the Wind is a 1976 album by jazz pianist McCoy Tyner, his ninth to be released on the Milestone label. It was recorded in January 1976 and features performances by Tyner with band and string section.",
"title": "Fly with the Wind"
},
{
"idx": 1,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Matador is an album by American jazz trumpeter Kenny Dorham featuring performances recorded in 1962 and released on the United Artists label.",
"title": "Matador (Kenny Dorham album)"
},
{
"idx": 2,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "According to the official Roy Orbison U.S. discography by Marcel Riesco, Roy Orbison at the Rock House is the first album by Orbison on the Sun Records label in 1961, at a time when Orbison had already moved to the Monument label. Sun Records owner Sam Phillips had a collection of songs Orbison had recorded at Sun between 1956 and '58. Phillips capitalized on the national recognition Orbison had achieved at Monument through three major hit singles in 1960 and '61 that had gone to the top of the Billboard charts.",
"title": "Roy Orbison at the Rock House"
},
{
"idx": 3,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Bach to the Blues is an album performed by the Ramsey Lewis Trio that was recorded in 1964 and released on the Argo label.",
"title": "Bach to the Blues"
},
{
"idx": 4,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Straight No Filter is an album by jazz saxophonist Hank Mobley, recorded mostly in 1963 but not released on the Blue Note label until 1985. The albums compiles performances recorded at four different sessions from 1963 to 1966.",
"title": "Straight No Filter"
},
{
"idx": 5,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Easterly Winds is an album by American jazz pianist Jack Wilson featuring performances recorded and released on the Blue Note label in 1967.",
"title": "Easterly Winds"
},
{
"idx": 6,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Groovin' High is an album by American jazz saxophonist Booker Ervin featuring performances recorded in 1963 and 1964 for the Prestige label.",
"title": "Groovin' High (Booker Ervin album)"
},
{
"idx": 7,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "African Venus is an album by American jazz saxophonist Dewey Redman featuring performances recorded in 1992 and released on the Evidence label.",
"title": "African Venus"
},
{
"idx": 8,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "The Voice That Is! is an album by American jazz vocalist Johnny Hartman featuring performances recorded in 1964 for the Impulse! label.",
"title": "The Voice That Is!"
},
{
"idx": 9,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Top and Bottom Brass is an album by trumpeter Clark Terry featuring performances recorded in early 1959 and originally released on the Riverside label.",
"title": "Top and Bottom Brass"
},
{
"idx": 10,
"is_supporting": true,
"paragraph_text": "\"Sam's Place\" is a 1967 country song written by Red Simpson and recorded by Buck Owens. The single went to number one on the country charts spending three weeks at the top and a total of thirteen weeks on the country charts. The song is about a honky-tonk called \"Sam's Place,\" of which the singer is a regular all-night patron (\"You can always find me down at Sam's Place from the setting sun until the break of day.\"). Other patrons include two women who are nicknamed for their dancing abilities and whose real names happen to rhyme with their respective hometowns: \"Shimmy-Shakin'\" Tina from Pasadena and \"Hootchie-Kootchie\" Hattie from Cincinnati.",
"title": "Sam's Place"
},
{
"idx": 11,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Work Time is an album by jazz saxophonist Sonny Rollins, recorded for the Prestige label, featuring performances by Rollins with Ray Bryant, George Morrow, and Max Roach.",
"title": "Work Time"
},
{
"idx": 12,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Collaboration is an album by American jazz group the Modern Jazz Quartet with Brazilian guitarist Laurindo Almeida featuring performances recorded at Webster Hall in 1964 and released on the Atlantic label.",
"title": "Collaboration (Modern Jazz Quartet and Laurindo Almeida album)"
},
{
"idx": 13,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Carryin' On is an album by American jazz guitarist Grant Green featuring performances recorded in 1969 and released on the Blue Note label. The album marked Green's return to the Blue Note label and embracing a jazz-funk style that he would play for the rest of his life.",
"title": "Carryin' On"
},
{
"idx": 14,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Antoine Marchand is a record label established in 2003 by the Dutch early music performer Ton Koopman. Antoine Marchand is the French translation of Ton Koopman. The label is distributed by Dutch Jazz and classics distributor Challenge.",
"title": "Antoine Marchand"
},
{
"idx": 15,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Benson & Farrell is the fourteenth album by American guitarist George Benson and jazz saxophonist and flutist Joe Farrell featuring performances recorded in 1976 and released on the CTI label.",
"title": "Benson & Farrell"
},
{
"idx": 16,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Really Big! is the second album by saxophonist Jimmy Heath featuring big band performances recorded in 1960 and originally released on the Riverside label.",
"title": "Really Big!"
},
{
"idx": 17,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "In addition to hits by stalwarts Redding, Booker T. & the M.G.'s, and Carla Thomas, 1965 saw the chart debuts of Stax artists the Astors and Sam & Dave plus Volt artists the Mad Lads. Sam & Dave were technically on the Atlantic roster but were ``leased ''to Stax by Atlantic, with Stax overseeing their recordings and issuing them on the Stax label. Virtually all of Sam & Dave's Stax material was written and produced by Hayes and Porter.",
"title": "Stax Records"
},
{
"idx": 18,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "The Opening is a live album by American jazz pianist Mal Waldron featuring a performance recorded in Paris in 1970 and released on the French Futura label.",
"title": "The Opening (album)"
},
{
"idx": 19,
"is_supporting": true,
"paragraph_text": "Buck Owens is the debut album on Capitol Records by Buck Owens, released in 1961. It would mark the beginning of a long association for Owens with producer Ken Nelson.",
"title": "Buck Owens (1961 album)"
}
],
"question": "What record label does the performer of Sam's Place sign?",
"question_decomposition": [
{
"answer": "Buck Owens",
"id": 143912,
"paragraph_support_idx": 10,
"question": "Whose performance is Sam's Place?"
},
{
"answer": "Capitol Records",
"id": 392890,
"paragraph_support_idx": 19,
"question": "#1 >> record label"
}
]
} |
2hop__128478_86343 | When did the first casino open in the city where WAYV is located? | May 26, 1978 | [
"May 26, 1978"
] | {
"answer": "May 26, 1978",
"answer_aliases": [],
"answerable": true,
"id": "2hop__128478_86343",
"paragraphs": [
{
"idx": 0,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "The Star Gold Coast (formerly Jupiters Hotel and Casino) is a casino and hotel located in the suburb of Broadbeach on the Gold Coast in Queensland, Australia. The casino, which was Queensland's first, is situated next to the Nerang River and is operated by Star Entertainment Group. It opened in February 1986 as Conrad Jupiters. In 2017 it was rebranded as The Star, Gold Coast.",
"title": "The Star Gold Coast"
},
{
"idx": 1,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "The Hard Rock Hotel & Casino Atlantic City (formerly Trump Taj Mahal) is a casino and hotel on the Boardwalk, owned by Hard Rock International, in Atlantic City, New Jersey, United States.",
"title": "Hard Rock Hotel & Casino Atlantic City"
},
{
"idx": 2,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "With the redevelopment of Las Vegas and the opening of two casinos in Connecticut in the early 1990s, along with newly built casinos in the nearby Philadelphia metro area in the 2000s, Atlantic City's tourism began to decline due to its failure to diversify away from gaming. Determined to expand, in 1999 the Atlantic City Redevelopment Authority partnered with Las Vegas casino mogul Steve Wynn to develop a new roadway to a barren section of the city near the Marina. Nicknamed \"The Tunnel Project\", Steve Wynn planned the proposed 'Mirage Atlantic City' around the idea that he would connect the $330 million tunnel stretching 2.5 miles (4.0 km) from the Atlantic City Expressway to his new resort. The roadway was later officially named the Atlantic City-Brigantine Connector, and funnels incoming traffic off of the expressway into the city's marina district and Brigantine, New Jersey.",
"title": "Atlantic City, New Jersey"
},
{
"idx": 3,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "In the wake of the United States' economic downturn and the legalization of gambling in adjacent and nearby states (including Delaware, Maryland, New York, and Pennsylvania), four casino closures took place in 2014: the Atlantic Club on January 13; the Showboat on August 31; the Revel, which was Atlantic City's second-newest casino, on September 2; and Trump Plaza, which originally opened in 1984, and was the poorest performing casino in the city, on September 16.",
"title": "Atlantic City, New Jersey"
},
{
"idx": 4,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Borgata Hotel Casino & Spa is a hotel, casino, and spa in Atlantic City, New Jersey, United States. It is owned and operated by MGM Resorts International. The casino hotel features 2,002 rooms and is the largest hotel in New Jersey. Borgata opened in July 2003 and is the top - grossing casino in Atlantic City.",
"title": "Borgata"
},
{
"idx": 5,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Harrah's Casino Tunica, formerly Grand Casino Tunica, was a casino and resort located in Tunica Resorts, Mississippi. It was owned and operated by Caesars Entertainment. The casino offered a casino and three hotels with a total of 1,356 rooms. There was also an RV park, the Bellissimo Spa & Salon, a convention center, and a 2,500 seat entertainment venue called the Harrah's Event Center.",
"title": "Harrah's Casino Tunica"
},
{
"idx": 6,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "The casino is owned, operated, and constructed by the Las Vegas Sands corporation. It is one of five stand - alone casinos that was awarded a slots license by the Pennsylvania Gaming Control Board on December 20, 2006. The casino was slated to open in July 2008, but demolition took longer than expected due to the heavy concrete foundations of the old steel building. Its opening was delayed until the second quarter of 2009. The first concrete for the complex, which is located on the former Bethlehem Steel land on the South side of the city, was poured on November 15, 2007.",
"title": "Wind Creek Bethlehem"
},
{
"idx": 7,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "When the latest MGM Grand opened on December 18, 1993, it was owned by MGM Grand Inc. At that time it had an extensive Wizard of Oz theme, including the green ``Emerald City ''color of the building and the decorative use of Wizard of Oz memorabilia. After entering the casino's main entrance, one would find themselves in the Oz Casino facing Emerald City. Dorothy, the Scarecrow, the Tin Man, and the Cowardly Lion were seen in front of the city. The Emerald City attraction featured an elaborate yellow brick road walk - through, complete with the cornfield, apple orchard, and haunted forest, as well as audio - animatronic figures of Dorothy, the Scarecrow, the Tin Man, the Cowardly Lion, and the Wicked Witch of the West. It would end at the door of the city, leading inside for a performance of`` The Wizard's Secrets''. When MGM Grand began its extensive refurbishment in 1996, the Oz Casino was the first to go. The Emerald City was completely demolished, and the Emerald City Gift Shop was moved to a new shopping section of the casino. The store remained open until early 2003.",
"title": "MGM Grand Las Vegas"
},
{
"idx": 8,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "The Golden Nugget was originally built in 1946, making it one of the oldest casinos in the city. Jackie Gaughan at one time owned a stake in the hotel as part of his many downtown properties. Steve Wynn bought a stake in the Nugget, which he increased so that, in 1973, he became the majority shareholder, and the youngest casino owner in Las Vegas. In 1977 he opened the first hotel tower and the resort earned its first four diamond rating from Mobil Travel Guide. It was the foundation for Wynn's rise to prominence in the casino industry. The second hotel tower opened in 1984 along with the showroom, and the third tower was opened in 1989. In 2000, the Golden Nugget (and all of Mirage Resorts' other properties) was sold to MGM Grand, Inc. (later named MGM Mirage).",
"title": "Golden Nugget Las Vegas"
},
{
"idx": 9,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "MGM Springfield is a $960 million resort casino under construction in Springfield, Massachusetts. The casino, which is scheduled to open on August 24th, 2018, will be owned and operated by MGM Resorts International.",
"title": "MGM Springfield"
},
{
"idx": 10,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "The Copa Casino was a casino located in Gulfport, Mississippi (USA). Prior to its destruction in 2005 by Hurricane Katrina, it operated a small casino that catered to local residents. The casino was originally housed in a former cruise ship, the \"Pride of Galveston\", then later on a barge built to resemble an on-shore building, but which still floated on water to comply with Mississippi dockside gaming laws. The facility was located in a berth of the Mississippi State Docks.",
"title": "Copa Casino"
},
{
"idx": 11,
"is_supporting": true,
"paragraph_text": "WAYV (95.1 FM) is a commercial radio station located in Atlantic City, New Jersey. It airs a contemporary hit radio format. It has been among the top rated and billing stations in the Atlantic City market since 1980. Its studios are located at the Bayport One complex in West Atlantic City, and its transmitter is located north of Atlantic City. The on-air personalities are Mike & Diane (mornings), Nikki (middays), Phil Rossi (afternoons), and Jackson Blue (weeknights). WAYV is simulcast on 105.5 WAIV in Cape May.",
"title": "WAYV"
},
{
"idx": 12,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "In an effort at revitalizing the city, New Jersey voters in 1976 passed a referendum, approving casino gambling for Atlantic City; this came after a 1974 referendum on legalized gambling failed to pass. Immediately after the legislation passed, the owners of the Chalfonte-Haddon Hall Hotel began converting it into the Resorts International. It was the first legal casino in the eastern United States when it opened on May 26, 1978. Other casinos were soon constructed along the Boardwalk and, later, in the marina district for a total of eleven today. The introduction of gambling did not, however, quickly eliminate many of the urban problems that plagued Atlantic City. Many people have suggested that it only served to exacerbate those problems, as attested to by the stark contrast between tourism intensive areas and the adjacent impoverished working-class neighborhoods. In addition, Atlantic City has been less popular than Las Vegas, as a gambling city in the United States. Donald Trump helped bring big name boxing bouts to the city to attract customers to his casinos. The boxer Mike Tyson had most of his fights in Atlantic City in the 1980s, which helped Atlantic City achieve nationwide attention as a gambling resort. Numerous highrise condominiums were built for use as permanent residences or second homes. By end of the decade it was one of the most popular tourist destinations in the United States.",
"title": "Atlantic City, New Jersey"
},
{
"idx": 13,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "The film has earned $599,045,960 worldwide. Casino Royale was the 4th highest-grossing film of 2006, and was the highest-grossing instalment of the James Bond series until Skyfall surpassed it in November 2012.Upon its release in the United Kingdom Casino Royale broke series records on both opening day—£1.7 million—and opening weekend—£13,370,969. At the end of its box office run, the film had grossed £55.4 million, making it the most successful film of the year in the UK, and as of 2011, the tenth highest-grossing film of all time in the country.On its US opening day Casino Royale was on top with $14,741,135, and throughout the weekend grossed a total of $40,833,156, placing it second in the ranking behind Happy Feet ($41.5 million). However, Casino Royale was playing in 370 fewer cinemas and had a better average ($11,890 per cinema, against $10,918 for Happy Feet). It earned $167,445,960 by the end of its run in North America, marking what was at the time the highest-grossing film of the series, before being surpassed by Quantum of Solace's $168.4 million.On 18 November 2006 Casino Royale opened at the first position in 27 countries, with a weekend gross of $43,407,886 in the non-UK, Irish, US or Canada markets. The film retained the top spot at the worldwide box office for four weeks.",
"title": "Casino Royale (2006 film)"
},
{
"idx": 14,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "The Main Street Station Hotel and Casino and Brewery is a hotel and casino located in Downtown Las Vegas, Nevada. It is owned by Boyd Gaming. The casino is connected to California Hotel and Casino by an enclosed skywalk over Main Street.",
"title": "Main Street Station Hotel and Casino and Brewery"
},
{
"idx": 15,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Tropicana Evansville is a casino in downtown Evansville, Indiana, owned and operated by Tropicana Entertainment. Originally named Casino Aztar, it was opened by Aztar Corporation in 1995 as the state's first casino.",
"title": "Tropicana Evansville"
},
{
"idx": 16,
"is_supporting": true,
"paragraph_text": "Resorts Casino Hotel is a hotel and casino in Atlantic City, New Jersey. Resorts was the first casino hotel in Atlantic City, becoming the first legal casino outside of Nevada in the United States, when it opened on May 26, 1978. The resort completed an expansion in 2004, adding the 27 - story Rendezvous Tower, and underwent renovations in 2011, converting the resort to a Roaring Twenties theme.",
"title": "Resorts Casino Hotel"
},
{
"idx": 17,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "The first casino to be built on Highway 91 was the Pair - o - Dice Club in 1931, but the first resort on what is currently the Strip was the El Rancho Vegas, opening on April 3, 1941, with 63 rooms. That casino / resort stood for almost 20 years before being destroyed by a fire in 1960. Its success spawned a second hotel on what would become the Strip, the Hotel Last Frontier in 1942. Organized crime figures such as New York's Bugsy Siegel took interest in the growing gaming center leading to other resorts such as the Flamingo, which opened in 1946, and the Desert Inn, which opened in 1950. The funding for many projects was provided through the American National Insurance Company, which was based in the then notorious gambling empire of Galveston, Texas.",
"title": "Las Vegas Strip"
},
{
"idx": 18,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Bear Claw Casino & Hotel is a small casino located on the White Bear First Nations near Moose Mountain Provincial Park and Carlyle, Saskatchewan, Canada. The facility includes a casino (with 132 slot machines and 4 table games), lounge and restaurant, a 35 room hotel, and stalls for campers.",
"title": "Bear Claw Casino & Hotel"
},
{
"idx": 19,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "WinStar World Casino and Resort is a hotel and casino located near the Oklahoma -- Texas state line, 1 mile (1.6 km) north of the Red River, at Exit 1 and Exit 3 off Interstate 35 in Thackerville, Oklahoma. The casino opened as the WinStar Casinos in 2004, and was expanded (with a 395 - room hotel tower) and renamed WinStar World Casino in 2009, with its 600,000 square feet (56,000 m) of casino floor making it the world's largest casino. In August 2013, WinStar Resorts completed a major expansion project, which added a new 1000 - room second hotel tower that was divided into two phases; this also added a new casino that is attached to the tower. As a result of the completion of this expansion, the casino overtook Foxwoods Resort Casino to become the largest casino in the United States and the second largest in the world based on gaming floor space. WinStar has over 7,400 electronic games, 55 table poker rooms, 99 total table games, Racer's off - track betting, High Limit Room, keno, and bingo.",
"title": "WinStar World Casino"
}
],
"question": "When did the first casino open in the city where WAYV is located?",
"question_decomposition": [
{
"answer": "Atlantic City",
"id": 128478,
"paragraph_support_idx": 11,
"question": "What city is WAYV located?"
},
{
"answer": "May 26, 1978",
"id": 86343,
"paragraph_support_idx": 16,
"question": "when did the first casino open in #1"
}
]
} |
2hop__84025_47314 | Who does the singer of I Live It I Love It I Want Some More Of It play in Country Strong? | James Canter | [
"James Canter"
] | {
"answer": "James Canter",
"answer_aliases": [],
"answerable": true,
"id": "2hop__84025_47314",
"paragraphs": [
{
"idx": 0,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "``Why Me ''Single by Kris Kristofferson from the album Jesus Was a Capricorn B - side`` Help Me'' Released April 1973 Format 7 ''Recorded July 8, 1972 Genre Country gospel Length 3: 26 Label Monument Records 31909 Songwriter (s) Kris Kristofferson Producer (s) Fred Foster Kris Kristofferson singles chronology ``Jesse Younger'' (1972)`` Why Me ''(1973) ``A Song I'd Like to Sing'' (1973)`` Jesse Younger ''(1972) ``Why Me'' (1973)`` A Song I'd Like to Sing ''(1973)",
"title": "Why Me (Kris Kristofferson song)"
},
{
"idx": 1,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Zynoviy Kovalyk was born in the village of Ivachiv Dolishniy, near Ternopil in Austrian Galicia (western Ukraine). His family were peasant workers and like many of that time and place, were devout Christians. Perhaps it was due to his family's devotion that Zynoviy developed a vocation to the Catholic priesthood while he was still young. He was known to have a good singing voice and a joyful temperament but also to be a person of strong character.",
"title": "Zynoviy Kovalyk"
},
{
"idx": 2,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Soul in Love is the fourth studio album and second cover album by Filipino singer Jay R, released in January 2008 by Universal Records. The album showcases his vocal quality and range, singing classical R&B and jazz songs that he grew up listening to, like \"After the Love Has Gone\", \"Always and Forever\" and \"Ain't No Sunshine\". It received highly positive reviews from OPM critics, and won numerous awards for his outstanding vocal performance. It has also helped Jay R gain a new audience and fans.",
"title": "Soul in Love"
},
{
"idx": 3,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "``I'll Feel a Whole Lot Better ''is a song by the Los Angeles folk rock band the Byrds, first released in June 1965 on the B - side of the band's second single,`` All I Really Want to Do''. It was also included on the Byrds' debut album, Mr. Tambourine Man. Written by Gene Clark, who also sings the lead vocal, ``I'll Feel a Whole Lot Better ''features some of the Byrds' early musical trademarks, including Jim McGuinn's jangling 12 - string Rickenbacker guitar; Clark's pounding tambourine; McGuinn, Clark, and David Crosby's complex harmony singing; and a country - influenced guitar solo.",
"title": "I'll Feel a Whole Lot Better"
},
{
"idx": 4,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Glenn Close as Irani Rael: The leader of the Nova Corps, known as Nova Prime, whose mission is to protect the citizens of the Nova Empire and keep peace. Close stated that she ``had always wanted to be in a movie like (Guardians of the Galaxy), and that it would be`` the most fun to play something like the Judi Dench (as M or) Samuel L. Jackson (as Nick Fury) role ''. She said that she took the role because she ``love (s) to do stuff that's different'' and wanted to show that she`` (has) always been up for anything. ''She also stated that her contract has ``several'' films on it, and that she would be open to working on other Marvel Studios films in addition to returning for Guardians sequels.",
"title": "Guardians of the Galaxy (film)"
},
{
"idx": 5,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Sophie and Donna walk down the aisle as the band plays. Donna tells Sophie and all gathered that her father could be any of the three men. Sam reveals that while he left Donna to get married, he did not go through with it, but returned to find Donna with another man. The men do not want paternity confirmed, agreeing to be one - third of a father for Sophie. She tells Sky they should postpone their wedding and travel the world. Sam proposes to Donna. She accepts and they are married. At the reception, Sam sings to Donna and Rosie makes a play for Bill. The couples proclaim their love. Sophie and Sky sail away.",
"title": "Mamma Mia! (film)"
},
{
"idx": 6,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Sophie and Donna walk down the aisle as the band plays. Donna tells Sophie and all gathered that her father could be any of the three men. Sam reveals that while he left Donna to get married, he did not go through with it, but returned to find Donna with another man. The men do not want paternity confirmed, each agreeing to be one - third of a father for Sophie. She tells Sky they should postpone their wedding and travel the world. Sam proposes to Donna. She accepts and they are married. At the reception, Sam sings to Donna and Rosie makes a play for Bill. The couples proclaim their love. Sophie and Sky sail away.",
"title": "Mamma Mia! (film)"
},
{
"idx": 7,
"is_supporting": true,
"paragraph_text": "Gwyneth Paltrow as Kelly Canter Tim McGraw as James Canter Leighton Meester as Chiles Stanton Garrett Hedlund as Beau Hutton Marshall Chapman as Winnie Lari White as Hair Stylist Jeremy Childs as J.J. Jim Lauderdale as Kelly's Bandmate Amanda Shires as Kelly's Bandmate Chris Scruggs as Beau's Bandmate",
"title": "Country Strong"
},
{
"idx": 8,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Bill Mallonee (born January 1, 1955) is an American singer-songwriter, most notably the songwriter and leader of Vigilantes of Love, an Americana, alt-country, rock band from Athens, Georgia. Though the Vigilantes disbanded in 2001, Mallonee has continued to write, singing and playing his music solo. On his mid-2007 tour, he was joined onstage by his second wife, Muriah Rose, who plays keyboards and sings. The two have continued to tour together ever since. Throughout his career many of his songs have focused on his Christian faith and his family. Critically speaking, he is held in high regard as a songwriter, being named one of the 100 greatest living songwriters by Paste Magazine. He holds a degree in history from the University of Georgia.",
"title": "Bill Mallonee"
},
{
"idx": 9,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "The person responsible for bringing Gene Autry to 20th Century Fox for \"Shooting High\" was Jane Withers, at the time the number 6 box office draw in the country. The thirteen-year-old movie star called Joseph Schenck, then head of 20th Century Fox, directly telling him she wanted to do a film with Gene Autry. Schenck liked the idea, but suspected Republic Pictures would never load out the singing cowboy to another studio. Withers then called the head of Republic Pictures, Herbert Yates:",
"title": "Shooting High"
},
{
"idx": 10,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "The episode title references the film An Affair to Remember. Harold Grossman sings Foreigner's ``I Want to Know What Love Is ''. Claire gave Phil a plate of Planet of the Apes for their anniversary. Jay tells Manny that all bakers are girls, giving the examples of Betty Crocker, Mrs. Fields and Little Debbie. Cam says casting Russell Crowe in Les Misérables was a bad decision. R2 - D2 is mentioned by Phil.",
"title": "A Fair to Remember (Modern Family)"
},
{
"idx": 11,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "No Goodbyes is a 1977 collection by Hall & Oates. It is a \"Best of\" compilation of their first three Atlantic Records recordings. \"No Goodbyes\" was released after the duo left Atlantic and joined RCA Records, and after Atlantic had achieved a Top 10 hit with a re-release of \"She's Gone\" (included here). It contains three new songs: \"Love You Like a Brother,\" \"It's Uncanny,\" and \"I Want to Know You for a Long Time.\" The latter two of these were later released on \"The Atlantic Collection\". \"It's Uncanny\" was released as a single upon this album's release but failed to break the \"Billboard\" Top 40. \"Love You Like a Brother\" was re-released on the 2009 four-disc box set \"Do What You Want, Be What You Are\", as was \"It's Uncanny\".",
"title": "No Goodbyes (album)"
},
{
"idx": 12,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Roy Orbison Sings Don Gibson is a tribute album recorded by Roy Orbison for MGM Records, and his tenth studio album overall. Released in January 1967, it is a collection of songs written by Country Music Hall of Fame singer/songwriter Don Gibson who, like Orbison, often wrote about the loneliness and sorrow that love can bring. Its one single, \"Too Soon to Know\", became a smash hit in the UK, reaching #3 there in September 1966, and also reached #4 in Ireland and #27 in Australia.",
"title": "Roy Orbison Sings Don Gibson"
},
{
"idx": 13,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "``I Think I Love You ''Single by The Partridge Family from the album The Partridge Family Album B - side`` Somebody Wants to Love You'' ``To Be Lovers ''(Philippines) Released August 22, 1970 Format 7'' single Genre Pop, baroque pop Length 2: 54 Label Bell Songwriter (s) Tony Romeo Producer (s) Wes Farrell The Partridge Family singles chronology`` I Think I Love You ''(1970) ``Does n't Somebody Want to Be Wanted'' (1971)`` I Think I Love You ''(1970) ``Does n't Somebody Want to Be Wanted'' (1971)",
"title": "I Think I Love You"
},
{
"idx": 14,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "``But You Know I Love You ''is a song written by Mike Settle, which was a 1969 pop hit for Kenny Rogers and The First Edition, a group that included Settle and Kenny Rogers. The song also became a major country hit by Bill Anderson in 1969. Evie Sands recorded the song for her album Any Way That You Want Me and Julie Rogers for her album Once More With Feeling, both in 1970. In 1981, a cover version of`` But You Know I Love You'' by singer Dolly Parton topped the country singles charts.",
"title": "But You Know I Love You"
},
{
"idx": 15,
"is_supporting": true,
"paragraph_text": "``I Like It, I Love It ''is a song written by Jeb Stuart Anderson, Steve Dukes, and Mark Hall, and recorded by American country music artist Tim McGraw. It was released in August 1995 as the first single from his album All I Want. The song is McGraw's ninth single overall, and it became his third number - one single on the Hot Country Songs chart.",
"title": "I Like It, I Love It"
},
{
"idx": 16,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "I Don't Want to Grow Up is the second album by the American punk rock band the Descendents, released in 1985 through New Alliance Records. It marked the end of a two-year hiatus for the band, during which singer Milo Aukerman had attended college and drummer Bill Stevenson had joined Black Flag. \"I Don't Want to Grow Up\" was the first of two albums the Descendents recorded with guitarist Ray Cooper, and their last with original bassist Tony Lombardo, who quit the group because he did not want to go on tour. Though recorded quickly and without much rehearsal time, \"I Don't Want to Grow Up\" received positive reviews from critics, who praised its catchy songs, strong melodies, and pop-influenced love songs.",
"title": "I Don't Want to Grow Up"
},
{
"idx": 17,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "The best - known version is the recording by Justin Hayward from the album Jeff Wayne's Musical Version of The War of the Worlds. Wayne wanted to include a love song on the album that sounded like ``Forever Autumn '', and he decided that the best course of action was to simply use the original song. Wayne chose Hayward, of The Moody Blues, to sing it saying that he`` wanted that voice from 'Nights in White Satin'''. It was recorded at London's Advision Studios in 1976. The song reached # 5 on the UK Singles Chart in August 1978.",
"title": "Forever Autumn (song)"
},
{
"idx": 18,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "``Love Like There's Tomorrow ''is a song written and recorded by American country music artist Aaron Tippin and his wife Thea Tippin. It was released in December 2002 as the third single from the album Stars & Stripes. The song reached # 35 on the Billboard Hot Country Singles & Tracks chart.",
"title": "Love Like There's No Tomorrow"
},
{
"idx": 19,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "In the popular 1970s sitcom Happy Days, set in the 1950s, lead character Richie Cunningham, played by Ron Howard, would often sing ``I found my thrill... ''(the first line of Domino's 1950s version of`` Blueberry Hill'') in reference to pretty girls he dated or wanted to date.",
"title": "Blueberry Hill (song)"
}
],
"question": "Who does the singer of I Live It I Love It I Want Some More Of It play in Country Strong?",
"question_decomposition": [
{
"answer": "Tim McGraw",
"id": 84025,
"paragraph_support_idx": 15,
"question": "who sings i like it i love it i want some more of it"
},
{
"answer": "James Canter",
"id": 47314,
"paragraph_support_idx": 7,
"question": "who does #1 play in country strong"
}
]
} |
2hop__33494_47960 | When did the company with whom the Nizam allied in the late 18th century take over india? | 1757 | [
"1757"
] | {
"answer": "1757",
"answer_aliases": [],
"answerable": true,
"id": "2hop__33494_47960",
"paragraphs": [
{
"idx": 0,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "The Mas tradition started in the late 18th century with French plantation owners organizing masquerades (mas) and balls before enduring the fasting of Lent. The slaves, who could not take part in Carnival, formed their own, parallel celebration called ``Canboulay ''. Canboulay (from the French cannes brulées, meaning burnt cane) is a precursor to Trinidad and Tobago Carnival, and has played an important role in the development of the music of Trinidad and Tobago.",
"title": "Trinidad and Tobago Carnival"
},
{
"idx": 1,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Mildred Archer OBE (28 December 1911 in London – 4 February 2005) was an English art historian who specialized in 18th- and 19th-century art in British India. She was curator of Prints and Drawings at the India Office Library and wrote extensively on the collection and studies on them.",
"title": "Mildred Archer"
},
{
"idx": 2,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Heritage buildings constructed during the Qutb Shahi and Nizam eras showcase Indo-Islamic architecture influenced by Medieval, Mughal and European styles. After the 1908 flooding of the Musi River, the city was expanded and civic monuments constructed, particularly during the rule of Mir Osman Ali Khan (the VIIth Nizam), whose patronage of architecture led to him being referred to as the maker of modern Hyderabad. In 2012, the government of India declared Hyderabad the first \"Best heritage city of India\".",
"title": "Hyderabad"
},
{
"idx": 3,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "The campaign was fought between the Allies, many of whom had colonial interests in Africa dating from the late 19th century, and the Axis Powers. The Allied war effort was dominated by the British Commonwealth and exiles from German - occupied Europe. The United States officially entered the war in December 1941 and began direct military assistance in North Africa on 11 May 1942.",
"title": "North African campaign"
},
{
"idx": 4,
"is_supporting": true,
"paragraph_text": "By 1803, at the height of its rule in India, the British East India company had a private army of about 260,000 -- twice the size of the British Army, with Indian revenues of £13,464,561, and expenses of £14,017,473. The company eventually came to rule large areas of India with its private armies, exercising military power and assuming administrative functions. Company rule in India effectively began in 1757 and lasted until 1858, when, following the Indian Rebellion of 1857, the Government of India Act 1858 led to the British Crown's assuming direct control of the Indian subcontinent in the form of the new British Raj.",
"title": "East India Company"
},
{
"idx": 5,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "The Hotel de l’Orient is an 18th-century hotel in Puducherry, India. It was founded in 1664 by the Compagnie des Indes Orientales (French East India Company).",
"title": "Hotel de l'Orient"
},
{
"idx": 6,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "During the late 18th and early 19th centuries the British Crown began to assume an increasingly large role in the affairs of the Company. A series of Acts of Parliament were passed, including the Regulating Act of 1773, Pitt's India Act of 1784 and the Charter Act of 1813 which regulated the Company's affairs and established the sovereignty of the Crown over the territories that it had acquired. The Company's eventual end was precipitated by the Indian Rebellion, a conflict that had begun with the mutiny of sepoys, Indian troops under British officers and discipline. The rebellion took six months to suppress, with heavy loss of life on both sides. The following year the British government dissolved the Company and assumed direct control over India through the Government of India Act 1858, establishing the British Raj, where an appointed governor-general administered India and Queen Victoria was crowned the Empress of India. India became the empire's most valuable possession, \"the Jewel in the Crown\", and was the most important source of Britain's strength.",
"title": "British Empire"
},
{
"idx": 7,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "The Rising Sun Inn is a historic home in Anne Arundel County, Maryland, United States. It is a mid- and late-18th-century -story frame house. The earlier section dates to about 1753 and is covered with a gable roof and features a brick gable end. In the late 18th century, a frame, one-room gambrel roof wing was added to the northwest gable end of the house. Since 1916, it has been used as the headquarters of the Ann Arundel Chapter of the Daughters of the American Revolution.",
"title": "Rising Sun Inn"
},
{
"idx": 8,
"is_supporting": true,
"paragraph_text": "In 1769 Hyderabad city became the formal capital of the Nizams. In response to regular threats from Hyder Ali (Dalwai of Mysore), Baji Rao I (Peshwa of the Maratha Empire), and Basalath Jung (Asif Jah II's elder brother, who was supported by the Marquis de Bussy-Castelnau), the Nizam signed a subsidiary alliance with the East India Company in 1798, allowing the British Indian Army to occupy Bolarum (modern Secunderabad) to protect the state's borders, for which the Nizams paid an annual maintenance to the British.",
"title": "Hyderabad"
},
{
"idx": 9,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "In 1629, the Massachusetts Bay Colony's first governor, John Winthrop, led the signing of the Cambridge Agreement, a key founding document of the city. Puritan ethics and their focus on education influenced its early history; America's first public school was founded in Boston in 1635. Over the next 130 years, the city participated in four French and Indian Wars, until the British defeated the French and their native allies in North America. Boston was the largest town in British North America until Philadelphia grew larger in the mid 18th century.",
"title": "Boston"
},
{
"idx": 10,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "During the middle decades of the 18th century, there were several outbreaks of military conflict on the Indian subcontinent, the Carnatic Wars, as the English East India Company (the Company) and its French counterpart, the Compagnie française des Indes orientales, struggled alongside local rulers to fill the vacuum that had been left by the decline of the Mughal Empire. The Battle of Plassey in 1757, in which the British, led by Robert Clive, defeated the Nawab of Bengal and his French allies, left the Company in control of Bengal and as the major military and political power in India. France was left control of its enclaves but with military restrictions and an obligation to support British client states, ending French hopes of controlling India. In the following decades the Company gradually increased the size of the territories under its control, either ruling directly or via local rulers under the threat of force from the British Indian Army, the vast majority of which was composed of Indian sepoys.",
"title": "British Empire"
},
{
"idx": 11,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Fort Cornwallis is a bastion fort in George Town, Penang, Malaysia, built by the British East India Company in the late 18th century. Fort Cornwallis is the largest standing fort in Malaysia. The fort never engaged in combat during its operational history.",
"title": "Fort Cornwallis"
},
{
"idx": 12,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "The Raid on Groton happened during King William's War, on July 18, 1694, at Groton, Massachusetts. This was one of numerous attacks against the settlement in the late 17th and early 18th centuries; the village was also raided in 1707 during Queen Anne's War. The French and their First Nations allies did a brisk trade in ransoming captives; some of the youngest captives were adopted by Mohawk families.",
"title": "Raid on Groton"
},
{
"idx": 13,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "During the middle decades of the 18th century, there were several outbreaks of military conflict on the Indian subcontinent, the Carnatic Wars, as the English East India Company (often known simply as ``the Company '') and its French counterpart, the French East India Company (Compagnie française des Indes orientales), struggled alongside local rulers to fill the vacuum that had been left by the decline of the Mughal Empire. The Battle of Plassey in 1757, in which the British, led by Robert Clive, defeated the Nawab of Bengal and his French allies, left the British East India Company in control of Bengal and as the major military and political power in India. France was left control of its enclaves but with military restrictions and an obligation to support British client states, ending French hopes of controlling India. In the following decades the British East India Company gradually increased the size of the territories under its control, either ruling directly or via local rulers under the threat of force from the British Indian Army, the vast majority of which was composed of Indian sepoys.",
"title": "British Empire"
},
{
"idx": 14,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Johann Friedrich Gleditsch (15 August 1653 – 26 March 1716) was a major book publisher in the late 17th and early 18th centuries.",
"title": "Johann Friedrich Gleditsch"
},
{
"idx": 15,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Among women in the French court of Versailles in the mid-to - late 18th century, large, elaborate and often themed wigs (such as the stereotypical ``boat poufs '') were in vogue for women. These combed - up hair extensions were often very heavy, weighted down with pomades, powders, and other ornamentation. In the late 18th century these coiffures (along with many other indulgences in court life) became symbolic of the decadence of the French nobility, and for that reason quickly became out of fashion from the beginning of the French Revolution in 1789.",
"title": "Wig"
},
{
"idx": 16,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "There were several other kingdoms which ruled over parts of India in the later medieval period prior to the British occupation. However, most of them were bound to pay regular tribute to the Marathas. The rule of Wodeyar dynasty which established the Kingdom of Mysore in southern India in around 1400 CE by was interrupted by Hyder Ali and his son Tipu Sultan in the later half of the 18th century. Under their rule, Mysore fought a series of wars sometimes against the combined forces of the British and Marathas, but mostly against the British, with Mysore receiving some aid or promise of aid from the French.",
"title": "History of India"
},
{
"idx": 17,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "The John Rider House is located on Main Street (CT 53) in Danbury, Connecticut, United States. It is a wooden frame house dating to the late 18th century.",
"title": "John Rider House"
},
{
"idx": 18,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "The Granby Center Historic District is a predominantly residential historic district encompassing a portion of the village of Granby Center in Granby, Connecticut. The village developed in the 18th century as a farming center, and a now includes a variety of architectural styles from the late 18th to early 20th centuries. The district was listed on the National Register of Historic Places (NRHP) in 1985.",
"title": "Granby Center Historic District"
},
{
"idx": 19,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Anandamath (Bengali: আনন্দমঠ Anondomôţh; first English publication title: The Abbey of Bliss) is a Bengali fiction, written by Bankim Chandra Chattopadhyay and published in 1882. Set in the background of the Sannyasi Rebellion in the late 18th century, it is considered one of the most important novels in the history of Bengali and Indian literature. Its importance is heightened by the fact that it became synonymous with the struggle for Indian independence from the British Empire. The novel was banned by the British. The ban was lifted later by the Government of India after independence.",
"title": "Anandamath"
}
],
"question": "When did the company with whom the Nizam allied in the late 18th century take over india?",
"question_decomposition": [
{
"answer": "East India Company",
"id": 33494,
"paragraph_support_idx": 8,
"question": "Whom did the Nizam ally with in the late 18th century?"
},
{
"answer": "1757",
"id": 47960,
"paragraph_support_idx": 4,
"question": "when did the british #1 take over india"
}
]
} |
2hop__851754_135045 | Who gave birth to the performer of "Mixed Up World"? | Janet Ellis | [
"Janet Ellis"
] | {
"answer": "Janet Ellis",
"answer_aliases": [],
"answerable": true,
"id": "2hop__851754_135045",
"paragraphs": [
{
"idx": 0,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Spectre has received mixed reviews, with many reviewers either giving the film highly positive or highly negative feedback. Many critics praised the film's opening scene, action sequences, stuntwork, cinematography and performances from the cast. In some early reviews, the film received favourable comparisons with its predecessor, Skyfall. Rotten Tomatoes sampled 274 reviews and judged 64% of the critiques to be positive, saying that the film \"nudges Daniel Craig's rebooted Bond closer to the glorious, action-driven spectacle of earlier entries, although it's admittedly reliant on established 007 formula.\" On Metacritic, the film has a rating of 60 out of 100, based on 48 critics, indicating \"mixed or average reviews\". Audiences polled by CinemaScore gave the film an average grade of \"A−\" on an A+ to F scale.",
"title": "Spectre (2015 film)"
},
{
"idx": 1,
"is_supporting": true,
"paragraph_text": "\"Mixed Up World\" is a song by British singer-songwriter Sophie Ellis-Bextor, released in 2003 as the first single from her second studio album, \"Shoot from the Hip\". It peaked at #7 on the UK Singles Chart. It was considered somewhat of a success. The single includes an easy-listening, chillout B-side, called \"The Earth Shook the Devil's Hand\". The video for the song features various dancers wearing a mix of bright and dark colours. It also features men in bowler hats as Sophie moves between giant black and white punctuation marks. It was directed by Rupert Jones. It was the first video that shows Sophie's blonde hairstyle. A short clip from the video was featured in an ad on Australia's VH1 channel in June 2006. \"Mixed Up World\" sold 35,000 copies in the United Kingdom.",
"title": "Mixed Up World"
},
{
"idx": 2,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "As prophesied, the lady gives birth to a child, and names him ``Yonec ''. When the child is grown, the husband, the lady, and Yonec travel to an abbey, where they see a beautiful tomb. They ask the abbot about the tomb, who explains that this is the tomb of Muldumarec. At this time, Yonec's mother tells him of his true parentage, and gives him his father's sword. She collapses and dies. Yonec kills his stepfather with the sword, thus avenging his real parents. He buries his mother alongside his father, and Yonec becomes the new lord of Caerwent.",
"title": "Yonec"
},
{
"idx": 3,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Pearl Diver’s sire, Vatellor was a high class racehorse who won eight races in France including the race now called the Prix Jean Prat. He later became a successful stallion being Champion sire in France in 1956 and getting such notable performers as My Love, Nikellora (Prix de l'Arc de Triomphe) and Vattel (Grand Prix de Paris). Pearl Cap had produced no notable horses before she gave birth to Pearl Diver in 1944. She had, however, been an outstanding racemare, with her victories including the 1931 Prix de l'Arc de Triomphe.",
"title": "Pearl Diver"
},
{
"idx": 4,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "The reaction to the encyclical's continued prohibitions of artificial birth control was very mixed. In Italy, Spain, Portugal and Poland, the encyclical was welcomed. In Latin America, much support developed for the Pope and his encyclical. As World Bank President Robert McNamara declared at the 1968 Annual Meeting of the International Monetary Fund and the World Bank Group that countries permitting birth control practices would get preferential access to resources, doctors in La Paz, Bolivia called it insulting that money should be exchanged for the conscience of a Catholic nation. In Colombia, Cardinal archbishop Aníbal Muñoz Duque declared, if American conditionality undermines Papal teachings, we prefer not to receive one cent. The Senate of Bolivia passed a resolution stating that Humanae vitae could be discussed in its implications for individual consciences, but was of greatest significance because the papal document defended the rights of developing nations to determine their own population policies. The Jesuit Journal Sic dedicated one edition to the encyclical with supportive contributions.",
"title": "Pope Paul VI"
},
{
"idx": 5,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "\"Singham Returns\" received mixed reviews from Indian critics. Taran Adarsh of \"Bollywood Hungama\" gave it 4 stars and said \"The film is a complete mass entertainer with power-packed drama, hi-intensity dialogue and towering performances as its aces. The brand value attached to it coupled with a long weekend will help the film reap a harvest and rule the box office in days to come.\" Rohit Khilnani of \"India Today\" gave 3 stars and said \"Singham Returns is strictly for fans\". Shweta Kaushal of \"Hindustan Times\" gave two stars and said \"Watch Singham Returns for the action, not comedy\". Mohar Basu of \"Koimoi\" gave 2.5 stars and said \"Ajay Devgan and the thrills his punches manage to evoke but the wafer thin plotline, hammy acting, predictable narrative and the lack of fun and excitement that drives a Rohit Shetty film\". Shubra Gupta of the \"Indian Express\" gave 1.5 stars and said \"The sequel to 'Singham' is chock full of the usual car on jeep action. Explosions go off at regular intervals. Shootouts – one really well shot – occur frequently.\" Rajeev Masand of \"CNN-IBN\" gave 2.5 stars and said \"The predictable story tires you out eventually\".",
"title": "Singham Returns"
},
{
"idx": 6,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Birth control practices were generally adopted earlier in Europe than in the United States. Knowlton's book was reprinted in 1877 in England by Charles Bradlaugh and Annie Besant, with the goal of challenging Britain's obscenity laws. They were arrested (and later acquitted) but the publicity of their trial contributed to the formation, in 1877, of the Malthusian League -- the world's first birth control advocacy group -- which sought to limit population growth to avoid Thomas Malthus's dire predictions of exponential population growth leading to worldwide poverty and famine. By 1930, similar societies had been established in nearly all European countries, and birth control began to find acceptance in most Western European countries, except Catholic Ireland, Spain, and France. As the birth control societies spread across Europe, so did birth control clinics. The first birth control clinic in the world was established in the Netherlands in 1882, run by the Netherlands' first female physician, Aletta Jacobs. The first birth control clinic in England was established in 1921 by Marie Stopes, in London.",
"title": "Birth control movement in the United States"
},
{
"idx": 7,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Quelqu'un m'a dit (; \"Someone told me\") is the debut studio album of Italian-French singer-songwriter, model, and former First Lady of France Carla Bruni. It was produced, recorded and mixed by Louis Bertignac and released in 2002.",
"title": "Quelqu'un m'a dit"
},
{
"idx": 8,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Also in 1965, 26 states prohibited birth control for unmarried women. In 1967 Boston University students petitioned Bill Baird to challenge Massachusetts's stringent ``Crimes Against Chastity, Decency, Morality and Good Order ''law. On April 6, 1967 he gave a speech to 1,500 students and others at Boston University on abortion and birth control. He gave a female student one condom and a package of contraceptive foam. Baird was arrested and convicted as a felon, facing up to ten years in jail. He spent three months in Boston's Charles Street Jail. During his challenge to the Massachusetts law, the Planned Parenthood League of Massachusetts stated that`` there is nothing to be gained by court action of this kind. The only way to remove the limitations remaining in the law is through the legislative process.'' Despite this opposition, Baird fought for five years until Eisenstadt v. Baird legalized birth control for all Americans on March 22, 1972. Eisenstadt v. Baird, a landmark right to privacy decision, became the foundation for such cases as Roe v. Wade and the 2003 gay rights victory Lawrence v. Texas.",
"title": "Birth control in the United States"
},
{
"idx": 9,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "On 5 July 2008, Emma Griffiths married Busted member Matt Willis at Rushton Hall, Northamptonshire, after three years of dating. The wedding was featured in OK magazine. She gave birth to their first child, a daughter called Isabelle, in June 2009. In November 2011, the couple had a second child, a son called Ace, and in May 2016, Willis gave birth to her third child, a girl called Trixie.",
"title": "Emma Willis"
},
{
"idx": 10,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Low birth weight (LBW) is defined by the World Health Organization as a birth weight of a infant of 2,499 g or less, regardless of gestational age. Subcategories include very low birth weight (VLBW), which is less than 1500 g (3 pounds 5 ounces), and extremely low birth weight (ELBW), which is less than 1000 g (2 pounds 3 ounces). Normal weight at term delivery is 2500 -- 4200 g (5 pounds 8 ounces -- 9 pounds 4 ounces).",
"title": "Low birth weight"
},
{
"idx": 11,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "``That Lady ''is a 1973 R&B and soul song by The Isley Brothers, released on their T - Neck imprint. The song was originally performed by the group nearly a decade before in 1964 (released as`` Who's That Lady?'') inspired by The Impressions. After signing with Epic Records in 1973, the eldest members of the group (O'Kelly Isley, Jr., Rudolph Isley and Ronald Isley) had included younger members, guitarist Ernie Isley, bassist Marvin Isley and keyboardist / pianist Chris Jasper, as official members. In a response to this transformation, the group gave themselves the moniker of 3 + 3, describing the three original vocalists in the group and three recruited instrumentalists, inspiring the album title that came out that year. They performed the song on Soul Train on December 14, 1974.",
"title": "That Lady (song)"
},
{
"idx": 12,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Princess Joséphine Marie of Belgium (30 November 1870 — 18 January 1871) was the daughter of Prince Philippe, Count of Flanders, and Princess Marie of Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen. She was the older twin to Princess Henriette of Belgium. In 1872 Joséphine Marie's mother gave birth to another daughter, who was named Joséphine in her memory.",
"title": "Princess Joséphine Marie of Belgium"
},
{
"idx": 13,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "On January 7, 2012, Beyoncé gave birth to her first child, a daughter, Blue Ivy Carter, at Lenox Hill Hospital in New York. Five months later, she performed for four nights at Revel Atlantic City's Ovation Hall to celebrate the resort's opening, her first performances since giving birth to Blue Ivy.",
"title": "Beyoncé"
},
{
"idx": 14,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Emma Wheeler (Ali Louise and Susanne Allan Hartman in season 1; Mila and Zoey Beske in season 2; Ember and Harper Husak in season 3; Sura and Kayleigh Harris in seasons 4 -- 6): Ben's daughter, who was left at his door by a one night stand. Angela, Emma's mother, and Ben went on with their lives until she realized she was pregnant and gave birth to the child. Deciding that her acting career was more important raising a child, she left Emma at Ben's front door and gave him full custody of Emma.",
"title": "Baby Daddy"
},
{
"idx": 15,
"is_supporting": true,
"paragraph_text": "Ellis-Bextor was born in London to Janet Ellis, who was later a presenter on BBC's children's television programmes \"Blue Peter\" and \"Jigsaw\", and Robin Bextor, a film producer and director: they separated when she was four. As a child, Ellis-Bextor occasionally appeared on \"Blue Peter\" alongside her mother, who presented the programme.",
"title": "Sophie Ellis-Bextor"
},
{
"idx": 16,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "On December 10, 2013, Boss and fellow SYTYCD alum Allison Holker married at Nigel Lythgoe's Villa San Juliette Vineyard and Winery in Paso Robles, Calif. He became father to Holker's daughter, Weslie. On March 27, 2016, Holker gave birth to their son, Maddox Laurel.",
"title": "Stephen \"tWitch\" Boss"
},
{
"idx": 17,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Billy Thunderman (Diego Velazquez) is the third - born Thunderman child. He is an energetic little brother to Phoebe and Max and older brother to Nora and Chloe. His superpower is super-speed. In one episode, it was revealed that Barb gave birth to Billy in the air while her husband was transporting her to a hospital, implying that Billy likely hit his head after birth, which is probably why he is sometimes unintelligent.",
"title": "List of The Thundermans characters"
},
{
"idx": 18,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Aerobic gymnastics (formally Sport Aerobics) involves the performance of routines by individuals, pairs, trios or groups up to 6 people, emphasizing strength, flexibility, and aerobic fitness rather than acrobatic or balance skills. Routines are performed for all individuals on a 7x7m floor and also for 12–14 and 15-17 trios and mixed pairs. From 2009, all senior trios and mixed pairs were required to be on the larger floor (10x10m), all groups also perform on this floor. Routines generally last 60–90 seconds depending on age of participant and routine category.",
"title": "Gymnastics"
},
{
"idx": 19,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Lady Liu gave birth to Zhang Tianxi in 346. That year, Zhang Jun died. Nothing is known about her life between that year and 363, when Zhang Tianxi seized the throne from his nephew Zhang Xuanjing (Duke Jingdao) and honored her as princess dowager. (The exact title he honored her with is disputed historically; \"Zizhi Tongjian\" gave it as \"Taifei\" (太妃, translate as princess dowager), while \"Shiliuguo Chunqiu\" gave it as \"Taihou\" (太后, translate as queen dowager or empress dowager).",
"title": "Princess Dowager Liu"
}
],
"question": "Who gave birth to the performer of \"Mixed Up World\"?",
"question_decomposition": [
{
"answer": "Sophie Ellis-Bextor",
"id": 851754,
"paragraph_support_idx": 1,
"question": "Mixed Up World >> performer"
},
{
"answer": "Janet Ellis",
"id": 135045,
"paragraph_support_idx": 15,
"question": "Which lady gave birth to #1 ?"
}
]
} |
2hop__18251_9902 | What were China, southeast Asia, the islands of the Pacific and the country that was divided at the end of WWII included in? | "the East Indies" | [
"\"the East Indies\"",
"East Indies"
] | {
"answer": "\"the East Indies\"",
"answer_aliases": [
"East Indies"
],
"answerable": true,
"id": "2hop__18251_9902",
"paragraphs": [
{
"idx": 0,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "SS \"American Victory\" is a Victory ship which saw brief service in the Pacific Theater of Operations during the waning months of World War II, Korean War from 1951-1954, and Vietnam War from 1967-1969. Built in June 1945, she carried ammunition and other cargo from U.S. West Coast ports to Southeast Asia, then ferried cargo, equipment and troops back to the U.S. after the war ended. She survived two typhoons, and one hurricane. She sailed around the world twice.",
"title": "SS American Victory"
},
{
"idx": 1,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "As of July 2017, there are a total of 1,073 World Heritage Sites located in 167 ``States Parties ''Of the 1,073 sites, 832 are cultural, 206 are natural and 35 are mixed properties. The countries have been divided by the World Heritage Committee into five geographic zones: Africa, Arab States, Asia and the Pacific, Europe and North America, and Latin America and the Caribbean. The country with the most number of sites (including sites shared with other countries) is Italy, with 53 entries. The country with the most number of sites by itself alone (excluding sites shared with other countries) is China, with 51 entries.",
"title": "World Heritage Sites by country"
},
{
"idx": 2,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "When World War II started in 1939, it divided the world into two alliances—the Allies (the United Kingdom and France at first in Europe, China in Asia since 1937, followed in 1941 by the Soviet Union, the United States); and the Axis powers consisting of Germany, Italy and Japan.[nb 1] During World War II, the United States, United Kingdom, and Soviet Union controlled Allied policy and emerged as the \"Big Three\". The Republic of China and the Big Three were referred as a \"trusteeship of the powerful\" and were recognized as the Allied \"Big Four\" in Declaration by United Nations in 1942. These four countries were referred as the \"Four Policemen\" of the Allies and considered as the primary victors of World War II. The importance of France was acknowledged by their inclusion, along with the other four, in the group of countries allotted permanent seats in the United Nations Security Council.",
"title": "Great power"
},
{
"idx": 3,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Harold Robert Isaacs (1910–1986) was an American journalist and political scientist. Isaacs went to China in 1930 and became involved with left wing politics in Shanghai and wrote The Tragedy of the Chinese Revolution, about the Chinese Revolution of 1925-27, first published with a preface by Leon Trotsky. He covered World War II in Southeast Asia and China for Newsweek Magazine. In 1953 he joined the department of political science at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. In the following years he published Scratches on our Minds: American Images of China and India, American Jews in Israel, and The New World of Negro Americans, among others.",
"title": "Harold Isaacs"
},
{
"idx": 4,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Japan is an island nation in East Asia comprising a stratovolcanic archipelago extending along the continent's Pacific coast. It lies between 24 ° to 46 ° north latitude and from 123 ° to 146 ° east longitude. Japan is southeast of the Russian Far East, separated by the Sea of Okhotsk; slightly east of Korea, separated by the Sea of Japan; and east - northeast of China and Taiwan, separated by the East China Sea. The closest neighboring country to Japan is the Russian Federation.",
"title": "Geography of Japan"
},
{
"idx": 5,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "The Battle of Iwo Jima (19 February – 26 March 1945) was a major battle in which the United States Marine Corps and Navy landed on and eventually captured the island of Iwo Jima from the Imperial Japanese Army (IJA) during World War II. The American invasion, designated Operation Detachment, had the goal of capturing the entire island, including the three Japanese-controlled airfields (including the South Field and the Central Field), to provide a staging area for attacks on the Japanese main islands. This five-week battle comprised some of the fiercest and bloodiest fighting of the Pacific War of World War II.",
"title": "Battle of Iwo Jima"
},
{
"idx": 6,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "It is generally considered that the Pacific War began on 7/8 December 1941, on which date Japan invaded Thailand and attacked the British possessions of Malaya, Singapore, and Hong Kong as well as the United States military bases in Hawaii, Wake Island, Guam and the Philippines. Some historians contend that the conflict in Asia can be dated back to 7 July 1937 with the beginning of the Second Sino-Japanese War between the Empire of Japan and the Republic of China, or possibly 19 September 1931, beginning with the Japanese invasion of Manchuria. However, it is more widely accepted that the Pacific War itself started in early December 1941, with the Sino-Japanese War then becoming part of it as a theater of the greater World War II.[nb 9]",
"title": "Pacific War"
},
{
"idx": 7,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "The Battle of Iwo Jima (19 February -- 26 March 1945) was a major battle in which the United States Marine Corps landed on and eventually captured the island of Iwo Jima from the Imperial Japanese Army (IJA) during World War II. The American invasion, designated Operation Detachment, had the goal of capturing the entire island, including the three Japanese - controlled airfields (including the South Field and the Central Field), to provide a staging area for attacks on the Japanese main islands. This five - week battle comprised some of the fiercest and bloodiest fighting of the Pacific War of World War II.",
"title": "Battle of Iwo Jima"
},
{
"idx": 8,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Indonesia is the largest country in Southeast Asia and it also the largest archipelago in the world by size (according to the CIA World Factbook). Geologically, the Indonesian Archipelago is one of the most volcanically active regions in the world. Geological uplifts in the region have also produced some impressive mountains, culminating in Puncak Jaya in Papua, Indonesia at 5,030 metres (16,500 feet), on the island of New Guinea; it is the only place where ice glaciers can be found in Southeast Asia. The second tallest peak is Mount Kinabalu in Sabah, Malaysia on the island of Borneo with a height of 4,095 metres (13,435 feet). The highest mountain in Southeast Asia is Hkakabo Razi at 5,967 meters and can be found in northern Burma sharing the same range of its parent peak, Mount Everest.",
"title": "Southeast Asia"
},
{
"idx": 9,
"is_supporting": true,
"paragraph_text": "By the time of John Seller's Atlas Maritima of 1670, \"India Beyond the Ganges\" had become \"the East Indies\" including China, Korea, southeast Asia and the islands of the Pacific in a map that was every bit as distorted as Ptolemy's, despite the lapse of approximately 1500 years. That \"east\" in turn was only an English translation of Latin Oriens and Orientalis, \"the land of the rising sun,\" used since Roman times for \"east.\" The world map of Jodocus Hondius of 1590 labels all of Asia from the Caspian to the Pacific as India Orientalis, shortly to appear in translation as the East Indies.",
"title": "Near East"
},
{
"idx": 10,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "The end of World War II in Asia occurred on 14 and 15 August 1945, when armed forces of the Empire of Japan surrendered to the forces of the Allies. The surrender came over three months after the surrender of the Axis forces in Europe and brought an end to World War II.",
"title": "End of World War II in Asia"
},
{
"idx": 11,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Starting in 1940 (18 months before Pearl Harbor), the nation mobilized, giving high priority to air power. American involvement in World War II in 1940–41 was limited to providing war material and financial support to Britain, the Soviet Union, and the Republic of China. The U.S. entered officially on 8 December 1941 following the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor, Hawaii. Japanese forces soon seized American, Dutch, and British possessions across the Pacific and Southeast Asia, except for Australia, which became a main American forward base along with Hawaii.",
"title": "Military history of the United States"
},
{
"idx": 12,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Southeast Asia has an area of approximately 4,000,000 km2 (1.6 million square miles). As of 2013, Around 625 million people lived in the region, more than a fifth of them (143 million) on the Indonesian island of Java, the most densely populated large island in the world. Indonesia is the most populous country with 255 million people as of 2015, and also the 4th most populous country in the world. The distribution of the religions and people is diverse in Southeast Asia and varies by country. Some 30 million overseas Chinese also live in Southeast Asia, most prominently in Christmas Island, Indonesia, Malaysia, the Philippines, Singapore, and Thailand, and also, as the Hoa, in Vietnam.",
"title": "Southeast Asia"
},
{
"idx": 13,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "In Oceania, France obtained a leading position as imperial power after making Tahiti and New Caledonia protectorates in 1842 and 1853 respectively. After navy visits to Easter Island in 1875 and 1887, Chilean navy officer Policarpo Toro negotiated the incorporation of the island into Chile with native Rapanui in 1888. By occupying Easter Island, Chile joined the imperial nations. By 1900 nearly all Pacific islands were in control of Britain, France, United States, Germany, Japan, and Chile.Although the United States gained control of Guam and the Philippines from Spain in 1898, Japan controlled most of the western Pacific by 1914 and occupied many other islands during World War II. However, by the end of that war, Japan was defeated and the U.S. Pacific Fleet was the virtual master of the ocean. Since the end of World War II, many former colonies in the Pacific have become independent states.",
"title": "Pacific Ocean"
},
{
"idx": 14,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Relations with China began under George Washington, leading to the 1845 Treaty of Wangxia. The United States was allied to the Republic of China during the Pacific War, but broke off relations with China for 25 years when the communist government took over, until Richard Nixon's 1972 visit to China. Since Nixon, every successive U.S. president has toured China. Relations between the two countries have generally been stable with some periods of open conflict, most notably during the Korean War and the Vietnam War. Currently, China and the United States have mutual political, economic, and security interests, including but not limited to the proliferation of nuclear weapons, although there are unresolved concerns relating to the role of democracy in the government in China and human rights in both respective countries. Relations with China have strained under Barack Obama's Asia pivot strategy, ongoing maritime disputes in the South China Sea, and a trade war in 2018.",
"title": "China–United States relations"
},
{
"idx": 15,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Definitions of \"Southeast Asia\" vary, but most definitions include the area represented by the countries (sovereign states and dependent territories) listed below. All of the states except for East Timor are members of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN). The area, together with part of South Asia, was widely known as the East Indies or simply the Indies until the 20th century. Christmas Island and the Cocos (Keeling) Islands[citation needed] are considered part of Southeast Asia though they are governed by Australia.[citation needed] Sovereignty issues exist over some territories in the South China Sea. Papua New Guinea has stated that it might join ASEAN, and is currently an observer.",
"title": "Southeast Asia"
},
{
"idx": 16,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "USS \"Embattle\" (AM-226) was an built for the United States Navy during World War II. She earned two battle stars in service in the Pacific during World War II. In May 1946, she was turned over to the Republic of China for service with the Chinese Maritime Customs Service as \"Yung Hsing\". Her fate is unreported in secondary sources.",
"title": "USS Embattle (AM-226)"
},
{
"idx": 17,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Japan is an island nation in East Asia comprising a volcanic archipelago extending along the continent's Pacific coast. It lies between 24 ° to 46 ° north latitude and from 123 ° to 146 ° east longitude. Japan is southeast of the Russian Far East, separated by the Sea of Okhotsk; slightly east of the Korean Peninsula, separated by the Sea of Japan; and east - northeast of China and Taiwan, separated by the East China Sea. The closest neighboring country to Japan is Russia.",
"title": "Geography of Japan"
},
{
"idx": 18,
"is_supporting": true,
"paragraph_text": "The Korean War (in South Korean Hangul: 한국전쟁, Hanja: 韓國戰爭, Hanguk Jeonjaeng, \"Korean War\"; in North Korean Chosungul: 조국해방전쟁, Joguk Haebang Jeonjaeng, \"Fatherland Liberation War\"; 25 June 1950 – 27 July 1953)[a] was started when North Korea invaded South Korea. The United Nations, with United States as the principal force, came to aid of South Korea. China, along with assistance from Soviet Union, came to aid of North Korea. The war arose from the division of Korea at the end of World War II and from the global tensions of the Cold War that developed immediately afterwards.",
"title": "Korean War"
},
{
"idx": 19,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Brunei ( ), officially the Nation of Brunei, the Abode of Peace (, Jawi: ), is a country located on the north coast of the island of Borneo in Southeast Asia. Apart from its coastline with the South China Sea, the country is completely surrounded by the Malaysian state of Sarawak. It is separated into two parts by the Sarawak district of Limbang. Brunei is the only sovereign state completely on the island of Borneo; the remainder of the island's territory is divided between the nations of Malaysia and Indonesia. Brunei's population was in .",
"title": "Brunei"
}
],
"question": "What were China, southeast Asia, the islands of the Pacific and the country that was divided at the end of WWII included in?",
"question_decomposition": [
{
"answer": "Korea",
"id": 18251,
"paragraph_support_idx": 18,
"question": "What country was divided at the end of World War II?"
},
{
"answer": "\"the East Indies\"",
"id": 9902,
"paragraph_support_idx": 9,
"question": "China, #1 , southeast Asia and the islands of the Pacific were included in what?"
}
]
} |
2hop__259828_229413 | What was the original language of the film whose title involves a kiss from the star of A Romance of the Redwoods? | Russian | [
"Russian"
] | {
"answer": "Russian",
"answer_aliases": [],
"answerable": true,
"id": "2hop__259828_229413",
"paragraphs": [
{
"idx": 0,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "SportsCafe is a New Zealand sports TV show. The show's original run was hosted by Lana Coc-Kroft, Marc Ellis, Leigh Hart, Graeme Hill, Ric Salizzo and reporter Eva Evguenieva. In 2001 Leigh Hart was added to the cast under his persona of 'That Guy'.",
"title": "SportsCafe"
},
{
"idx": 1,
"is_supporting": true,
"paragraph_text": "A Kiss From Mary Pickford () is a 1927 Soviet silent comedy film made in directed by Sergei Komarov and co-written by Komarov and Vadim Shershenevich. The film, starring Igor Ilyinsky, is mostly known today because of a cameo by the popular film couple Mary Pickford and Douglas Fairbanks. The footage of the couple was shot during their visit to the USSR, with the couple knowingly participating as a gesture towards the Russian film industry.",
"title": "A Kiss from Mary Pickford"
},
{
"idx": 2,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "The Stolen Kiss is a 1920 American silent romance drama film starring Constance Binney. Kenneth Webb directed. The Realart Company, an affiliate of Paramount Pictures, produced the film. A print is preserved at the British Film Institute, London.",
"title": "The Stolen Kiss"
},
{
"idx": 3,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Michiel Huisman (Dutch pronunciation: (miˈɣil ˈɦœysmɑn); born 18 July 1981) is a Dutch actor, musician, and singer - songwriter, who has acted in both Dutch and English language TV series and films. Huisman played Ellis Jones in the fantasy romance film The Age of Adaline (2015), Sonny on the television series Treme (2010 -- 2013), and Daario Naharis on Game of Thrones (2014 -- 2016). He has also played recurring roles on television such as Liam McGuinnis on Nashville (2012 -- 2014) and as Cal Morrison on Orphan Black (2014 -- 2015).",
"title": "Michiel Huisman"
},
{
"idx": 4,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "The Rocky Horror Picture Show is a 1975 musical science - fiction horror - comedy film by 20th Century Fox produced by Lou Adler and Michael White and directed by Jim Sharman. The screenplay was written by Sharman and actor Richard O'Brien, who is also a member of the cast. The film is based on the 1973 musical stage production The Rocky Horror Show, with music, book, and lyrics by O'Brien. The production is a parody tribute to the science fiction and horror B movies of the 1930s through to the early 1970s. Along with O'Brien, the film stars Tim Curry, Susan Sarandon, and Barry Bostwick and is narrated by Charles Gray with cast members from the original Royal Court Theatre, Roxy Theatre, and Belasco Theatre productions.",
"title": "The Rocky Horror Picture Show"
},
{
"idx": 5,
"is_supporting": true,
"paragraph_text": "A Romance of the Redwoods is a 1917 American silent drama film directed by Cecil B. DeMille and starring Mary Pickford. A print of the film survives in the film archive at George Eastman House.",
"title": "A Romance of the Redwoods"
},
{
"idx": 6,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "One Ocean View is an American primetime television reality show about eleven single New Yorkers looking for romance on Fire Island. It premiered on ABC and CTV on Monday, July 31, 2006. The show was similar to \"The Real World\", another series produced by Bunim/Murray Productions, though the cast was only together on weekends, spending their weekdays living their normal lives.",
"title": "One Ocean View"
},
{
"idx": 7,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "For the first time in the show's history, many cast changes occur, seeing the first departure of two main cast members. Despite garnering several awards and nominations for the cast members and the production team, the season received a mixed response from critics and fans. Show creator Shonda Rhimes heavily contributed to the production of the season, writing five out of the seventeen episodes. The highest - rated episode was the season premiere, which was watched by 20.93 million viewers. The season was interrupted by the 2007 -- 2008 Writers Guild of America strike, which resulted in the production of only seventeen episodes, instead of twenty - three originally planned.",
"title": "Grey's Anatomy (season 4)"
},
{
"idx": 8,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Julie Kathleen Payne (born September 11, 1946) is an American television, film and stage actress who, in a career lasting over four decades, has specialized primarily in comedy roles as well as voice acting. She was a cast member in three short-lived network sitcoms during 1983–86, and appeared in about twenty feature films and over a hundred episodes of TV series as well as providing voices for scores of TV animated shows.",
"title": "Julie Payne (actress, born 1946)"
},
{
"idx": 9,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "The fourteenth series of Geordie Shore, a British television programme based in Newcastle upon Tyne, was confirmed on 31 October 2016 when cast member Scotty T announced that he would be taking a break from the series to focus on other commitments. The series was filmed in November 2016, and began airing on 28 March 2017. Ahead of the series, it was also confirmed that original cast member Holly Hagan had quit the show, following her exit in the previous series. On 28 February 2017, it was announced that eight new cast members had joined for this series. Zahida Allen, Chelsea Barber, Sam Bentham, Sarah Goodhart, Abbie Holborn, Elettra Lamborghini, Billy Phillips and Eve Shannon all appeared throughout the series hoping to become permanent members of the cast, and in the series finale, Holborn was chosen. Goodhart and Allen both previously appeared on Ex on the Beach, with the former appearing on the third series of the show as the ex-girlfriend of current Geordie Shore cast member Marty McKenna (before he joined the cast). Lamborghini has also appeared on Super Shore and participated in the fifth season of Gran Hermano VIP, the Spanish version of Celebrity Big Brother. It was also confirmed that Scott would return later in the series.",
"title": "Geordie Shore (series 14)"
},
{
"idx": 10,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "The Conmen in Vegas is a 1999 Hong Kong action comedy film produced, written and directed by Wong Jing and is a sequel to the 1998 film, \"The Conman\". The film stars original returning cast members Andy Lau and Nick Cheung with new cast members Natalis Chan, Kelly Lin, Meggie Yu, Alex Man and Jewel Lee in her debut film role. The film was partially filmed in the Caesars Palace Resort, Las Vegas.",
"title": "The Conmen in Vegas"
},
{
"idx": 11,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Love in Mandya () is a 2014 Indian Kannada language romance film written and directed by Arasu Anthare. It stars Sathish Ninasam and Sindhu Lokanath in the lead roles. The supporting cast features Manjunath, Prakash Shenoy, Jayashree Krishna and Rajendra Kamath.",
"title": "Love in Mandya"
},
{
"idx": 12,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Batman (often promoted as Batman: The Movie) is a 1966 American superhero film based on the Batman television series, and the first full - length theatrical adaptation of the DC Comics character Batman. Released by 20th Century Fox, the film starred Adam West as Batman and Burt Ward as Robin. The film hit theaters two months after the last episode of the first season of the television series. The film includes most members of the original TV cast, with the exception of Lee Meriwether as Catwoman, the character previously played by Julie Newmar in two episodes of the series' first season.",
"title": "Batman (1966 film)"
},
{
"idx": 13,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Adam Had Four Sons is a 1941 drama and romance film directed by Gregory Ratoff and starring Ingrid Bergman, Warner Baxter, Susan Hayward and Fay Wray. The supporting cast features Richard Denning and June Lockhart.",
"title": "Adam Had Four Sons"
},
{
"idx": 14,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Alter Kahn und junge Liebe (English-language title: \"Old Barge, Young Love\") is an East German (then GDR) romance film directed by Hans Heinrich. It was released in 1957.",
"title": "Old Barge, Young Love (1957 film)"
},
{
"idx": 15,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "An example of the mod Eurospy form, then at the height of its popularity, \"Kiss the Girls and Make Them Die\" reflected that genre's formula of exaggerated semi-comic action filmed in colorful locales around the world (Rio de Janeiro in this case), frequently using average-reputation American directors (Henry Levin subsequently directed two Matt Helm films) and American leads best known for starring in television shows and appearing in occasional films. As far as the casting for this production was concerned, Michael Connors had earlier been the star of a 1959–60 crime series, \"Tightrope!\" and, the following year, after streamlining his stage name to \"Mike Connors\", starred as the long-running private eye, \"Mannix\" (1967–75), while Dorothy Provine was one of the stars in \"The Alaskans\" (1959–60) and \"The Roaring 20's\" (1960–62). Two years earlier, Provine and Connors played key supporting roles as second leads in the 1964 Jack Lemmon-Romy Schneider comedy vehicle \"Good Neighbor Sam\". All the other \"Kiss the Girls\" cast members were primarily recognizable as regular players in European films, including co-stars Raf Vallone, Margaret Lee and comedy relief Terry-Thomas, who was given a special \"and\" billing at the end of the actors' credits.",
"title": "Kiss the Girls and Make Them Die"
},
{
"idx": 16,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "The show's theme song was ``Life Goes On '', written by John Bettis and George Tipton and performed by Billy Vera. For the first three seasons, the song was presented in a slower, more melancholy yet comical arrangement. The original opening titles sequence showed Harry Weston taking Dreyfuss for a walk around town, with still images of the other regular cast members shown as they were credited.",
"title": "Empty Nest"
},
{
"idx": 17,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Irreversi is a 2010 dramatic film directed by Michael Gleissner and shot in Hong Kong as the English language version of Gleissner's Mandarin-language film \"Hui lu\", which he filmed and directed at the same time in the same locations but with an entirely different cast. The title refers to how a situation can reverse and turn against the original perpetrator.",
"title": "Irreversi"
},
{
"idx": 18,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Saturday Night Live (also known as SNL) is an American late-night live television variety show created by Lorne Michaels and developed by Dick Ebersol. The show premiered on NBC on October 11, 1975, under the original title NBC's Saturday Night. The show's comedy sketches, which often parody contemporary culture and politics, are performed by a large and varying cast of repertory and newer cast members. Each episode is hosted by a celebrity guest, who usually delivers the opening monologue and performs in sketches with the cast as with featured performances by a musical guest. An episode normally begins with a cold open sketch that ends with someone breaking character and proclaiming, \"Live from New York, it's Saturday Night!\", properly beginning the show.",
"title": "Saturday Night Live"
},
{
"idx": 19,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "The Bill Jefferson Show is a television program featuring traditional country music and airing on WPXR-TV, the ION network affiliate in Roanoke, Virginia. The program is filmed in Rocky Mount, Virginia, the beginning of the \"crooked road\" which is an area known for its contribution to traditional American music. The show airs in 39 regions encompassing central and southwest Virginia as well as parts of West Virginia and North Carolina. Notable is the fact that it is reminiscent of the early days of country and western music with cast members dressed in country/western attire and the use of instrumentation such as steel guitar, banjo and fiddle.",
"title": "The Bill Jefferson Show"
}
],
"question": "What was the original language of the film whose title involves a kiss from the star of A Romance of the Redwoods?",
"question_decomposition": [
{
"answer": "Mary Pickford",
"id": 259828,
"paragraph_support_idx": 5,
"question": "A Romance of the Redwoods >> cast member"
},
{
"answer": "Russian",
"id": 229413,
"paragraph_support_idx": 1,
"question": "A Kiss From #1 >> original language of film or TV show"
}
]
} |
2hop__477709_126102 | Who was in charge of the country where Hafun is located? | Hassan Sheikh Mohamud | [
"Hassan Sheikh Mohamud"
] | {
"answer": "Hassan Sheikh Mohamud",
"answer_aliases": [],
"answerable": true,
"id": "2hop__477709_126102",
"paragraphs": [
{
"idx": 0,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "The Tesla Roadster (2008) was the first production automobile to use lithium - ion battery cells and the first production EV with a range greater than 200 mi (320 km) per charge. Between 2008 and March 2012, Tesla sold more than 2,250 Roadsters in 31 countries. Tesla stopped taking orders for the Roadster in the U.S. market in August 2011.",
"title": "Tesla, Inc."
},
{
"idx": 1,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "The plum pudding model is one of several scientific models of the atom. First proposed by J.J. Thomson in 1904 soon after the discovery of the electron, but before the discovery of the atomic nucleus, the model represented an attempt to consolidate the known properties of atoms at the time: 1) electrons are negatively - charged particles and 2) atoms are neutrally - charged.",
"title": "Plum pudding model"
},
{
"idx": 2,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "The official post office was created in 1792 as the Post Office Department (USPOD). It was based on the Constitutional authority empowering Congress ``To establish post offices and post roads ''. The 1792 law provided for a greatly expanded postal network, and served editors by charging newspapers an extremely low rate. The law guaranteed the sanctity of personal correspondence, and provided the entire country with low - cost access to information on public affairs, while establishing a right to personal privacy.",
"title": "United States Postal Service"
},
{
"idx": 3,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Tuition fees were first introduced across the entire United Kingdom in September 1998 under the Labour government as a means of funding tuition to undergraduate and postgraduate certificate students at universities, with students being required to pay up to £1,000 a year for tuition. However, as a result of the establishment of devolved national administrations for Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland, different arrangements now exist with regard to the charging of tuition fees in each of the countries of the United Kingdom.",
"title": "Tuition fees in the United Kingdom"
},
{
"idx": 4,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Domino's Pizza is credited with popularizing free pizza delivery in the United States. Pizza Hut began experimenting in 1999 with a 50 - cent delivery charge in ten stores in the Dallas - Fort Worth area. By mid-2001 it was implemented in 95% of its 1,749 company - owned restaurants in the U.S., and in a smaller number of its 5,250 franchisee - owned restaurants. By 2002, a small percentage of stores owned or franchised by U.S. pizza companies Domino's and Papa John's were also charging delivery fees of 50 cents to $1.50, and some of Little Caesar's franchisees charged delivery fees. In 2005, Papa John's implemented delivery charges in the majority of its company - owned stores.",
"title": "Pizza delivery"
},
{
"idx": 5,
"is_supporting": true,
"paragraph_text": "Ras Hafun (, , ), also known as Cape Hafun, is a promontory in the northeastern Bari region of Somalia. Jutting out into the Guardafui Channel, it constitutes the easternmost point in Africa. The area is situated near the Cape Guardafui headland. It is joined to the mainland at the town of Foar, by a sand spit long, in width, and above sea level. The fishing town of Hafun is located on the promontory, east of the sand spit.",
"title": "Ras Hafun"
},
{
"idx": 6,
"is_supporting": true,
"paragraph_text": "On 10 September 2012, parliament elected Hassan Sheikh Mohamud as the new President of Somalia. President Mohamud later appointed Abdi Farah Shirdon as the new Prime Minister on 6 October 2012, who was succeeded in office by Abdiweli Sheikh Ahmed on 21 December 2013. On 17 December 2014, former Premier Omar Abdirashid Ali Sharmarke was reappointed Prime Minister.",
"title": "Somalia"
},
{
"idx": 7,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "The Republic of the Congo received full independence from France on August 15, 1960. Fulbert Youlou ruled as the country's first president until labour elements and rival political parties instigated a three-day uprising that ousted him. The Congolese military took charge of the country briefly and installed a civilian provisional government headed by Alphonse Massamba-Débat.",
"title": "Republic of the Congo"
},
{
"idx": 8,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "The Ministry of Agriculture and Land Reclamation of Egypt is a ministerial body in charge of agriculture and land reclamation in Egypt.",
"title": "Ministry of Agriculture and Land Reclamation (Egypt)"
},
{
"idx": 9,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Charge is the fundamental property of forms of matter that exhibit electrostatic attraction or repulsion in the presence of other matter. Electric charge is a characteristic property of many subatomic particles. The charges of free - standing particles are integer multiples of the elementary charge e; we say that electric charge is quantized. Michael Faraday, in his electrolysis experiments, was the first to note the discrete nature of electric charge. Robert Millikan's oil drop experiment demonstrated this fact directly, and measured the elementary charge. It has been discovered that one type of particle, quarks, have fractional charges of either − 1 / 3 or + 2 / 3, but it is believed they always occur in multiples of integral charge; free - standing quarks have never been observed.",
"title": "Electric charge"
},
{
"idx": 10,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Cardigan formed up his unit and charged the length of the Valley of the Balaclava, under fire from Russian batteries in the hills. The charge of the Light Brigade caused 278 casualties of the 700-man unit. The Light Brigade was memorialized in the famous poem by Alfred Lord Tennyson, \"The Charge of the Light Brigade.\" Although traditionally the charge of the Light Brigade was looked upon as a glorious but wasted sacrifice of good men and horses, recent historians say that the charge of the Light Brigade did succeed in at least some of its objectives. The aim of any cavalry charge is to scatter the enemy lines and frighten the enemy off the battlefield. The charge of the Light Brigade had so unnerved the Russian cavalry, which had previously been routed by the Heavy Brigade, that the Russian Cavalry was set to full-scale flight by the subsequent charge of the Light Brigade.:252",
"title": "Crimean War"
},
{
"idx": 11,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "In the 19th century, the mass - to - charge ratios of some ions were measured by electrochemical methods. In 1897, the mass - to - charge ratio of the electron was first measured by J.J. Thomson. By doing this, he showed that the electron was in fact a particle with a mass and a charge, and that its mass - to - charge ratio was much smaller than that of the hydrogen ion H. In 1898, Wilhelm Wien separated ions (canal rays) according to their mass - to - charge ratio with an ion optical device with superimposed electric and magnetic fields (Wien filter). In 1901 Walter Kaufman measured the increase of electromagnetic mass of fast electrons (Kaufmann -- Bucherer -- Neumann experiments), or relativistic mass increase in modern terms. In 1913, Thomson measured the mass - to - charge ratio of ions with an instrument he called a parabola spectrograph. Today, an instrument that measures the mass - to - charge ratio of charged particles is called a mass spectrometer.",
"title": "Mass-to-charge ratio"
},
{
"idx": 12,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "The Nissan Leaf (Japanese: 日産リーフ) is a compact five - door hatchback electric car manufactured by Nissan and introduced in Japan and the United States in December 2010, followed by various European countries and Canada in 2011. The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) official range for the 2018 model year Leaf is 243 km (151 miles) on a full battery charge. The battery can be charged from empty to 80% capacity in about 30 minutes using DC fast charging.",
"title": "Nissan Leaf"
},
{
"idx": 13,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Italy became a major industrialized country again, due to its post-war economic miracle. The European Union (EU) involved the division of powers, with taxation, health and education handled by the nation states, while the EU had charge of market rules, competition, legal standards and environmentalism. The Soviet economic and political system collapsed, leading to the end of communism in the satellite countries in 1989, and the dissolution of the Soviet Union itself in 1991. As a consequence, Europe's integration deepened, the continent became depolarised, and the European Union expanded to subsequently include many of the formerly communist European countries – Romania and Bulgaria (2007) and Croatia (2013).",
"title": "Southern Europe"
},
{
"idx": 14,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "The USB Battery Charging Specification Revision 1.1 (released in 2007) defines a new type of USB port, called the charging port. Contrary to the standard downstream port, for which current draw by a connected portable device can exceed 100 mA only after digital negotiation with the host or hub, a charging port can supply currents between 500 mA and 1.5 A without the digital negotiation. A charging port supplies up to 500 mA at 5 V, up to the rated current at 3.6 V or more, and drops its output voltage if the portable device attempts to draw more than the rated current. The charger port may shut down if the load is too high.",
"title": "USB"
},
{
"idx": 15,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "The Chief of Naval Research is the senior military officer in charge of scientific research in the United States Navy. The Chief of Naval Research has a rank of Rear Admiral, and is in charge of the Office of Naval Research.",
"title": "Chief of Naval Research"
},
{
"idx": 16,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "In the United States, there has been a push to legalize importation of medications from Canada and other countries, in order to reduce consumer costs. While in most cases importation of prescription medications violates Food and Drug Administration (FDA) regulations and federal laws, enforcement is generally targeted at international drug suppliers, rather than consumers. There is no known case of any U.S. citizens buying Canadian drugs for personal use with a prescription, who has ever been charged by authorities.",
"title": "Pharmacy"
},
{
"idx": 17,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "Two types of charging port exist: the charging downstream port (CDP), supporting data transfers as well, and the dedicated charging port (DCP), without data support. A portable device can recognize the type of USB port; on a dedicated charging port, the D+ and D− pins are shorted with a resistance not exceeding 200 ohms, while charging downstream ports provide additional detection logic so their presence can be determined by attached devices. (see ref pg. 2, Section 1.4.5, & Table 5-3 \"Resistances\"—pg. 29).",
"title": "USB"
},
{
"idx": 18,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "The Ministry of Tourism, a branch of the Government of India, is the apex body for formulation and administration of the rules, regulations and laws relating to the development and promotion of tourism in India. The head of the ministry is Minister of Tourism, a Minister of State (Independent Charge), held by Shri. Alphons Kannanthanam Since September 2017. To promote the GDP of the country indirectly and to have friendly relations with them, The Government of India announced officially a Visa on Arrival status / facility for International Visitors to enter / visit India from 43 countries including United States, Australia, Vietnam, Thailand, Vanuatu, Singapore, Israel, Jordan, Kenya, Russian Federation, Brazil, Finland, Germany, Japan, Myanmar on 27 November 2014 and some more countries to follow soon.",
"title": "Ministry of Tourism (India)"
},
{
"idx": 19,
"is_supporting": false,
"paragraph_text": "``The Deck of Cards ''is a recitation song that was popularized in the fields of both the country and popular music, first during the late 1940s. This song, which relates the tale of a young American soldier arrested and charged with playing cards during a church service, first became a hit in the U.S. in 1948 by country musician T. Texas Tyler.",
"title": "The Deck of Cards"
}
],
"question": "Who was in charge of the country where Hafun is located?",
"question_decomposition": [
{
"answer": "Somalia",
"id": 477709,
"paragraph_support_idx": 5,
"question": "Hafun >> country"
},
{
"answer": "Hassan Sheikh Mohamud",
"id": 126102,
"paragraph_support_idx": 6,
"question": "Who was in charge of #1 ?"
}
]
} |
Subsets and Splits